a. K. WATEkIiCjUSE.

! A

DISPLAY

O F

HERALDRY:

MANIFESTING

A more eafie accefs to the Knowledge thereof than

hath been hitherto publiflied by any , through the
benefit of Method ;

Whereunto it is now reduced by the Study and Induftry

O F

JOHN GUILLIM*

Late Purfuivant at A R MS.

mjt tftftf) cFnition nuirtj cnlavtjen ttutfj great lianetp of2S<£3J&3!jl3<!£fS>.

To which is added a TREATISE of

H O N O 11 R
Military and Civil,

According to the Laws and Cuftoms of ENGLAND, collected
out of the moft Authentick Authors, both Ancient and
Modern, by Capt. JOHN LOGAN.

I LLUSTR ATEED
With variety of SCV L P TV R E S futable to the feveral Subjefts ; to which is
added a Catalogue of the Atchievementi of the NOBlLITTof Englan J,w\th
divers of the G E N J R T i for Examples of BEARINGS.

LONDON,
Printed by S. Roycroft for R. Blome ; and are fold by Erancis Tyton,
Henry Brome, Thomas Bajfet, Richard Cbif&ell, John Wright.
and Thomas Sawbridge, M DC LXX1X.

The mod Auguft

CHARLES

THE SECOND,

King of Great Britain*, France \ and Ireland, Defender
of the Faith, 6*c.

Dread Sovereign,

E RE is a Firmament of Stars, that
pine not without your Benign Beam ;
you are the Sun of our Hemifphere that
fets a fplendour on the Nobility : For
as they are Jewels and Ornaments to
wur Crown, fo they derive their luftre and value from thence:
From your Breaft, as from a Fountain, the young Plants of

A 2 Honour

The Epiftle Dedicatory.

Honour are cherifht and nurjl up. Tour vertuom Achieve-
ments are their Warrant and Example., . and your Bounty th&.
Guerdon of their Merit. And as all ^"Roman Emferours
after Julius Casfar, were defirom to be called imperatores

Carfares, from him, fo fh all all fucceeding Princes , in
this our Albion (in emulation of your Vertues) be ambitious
to bear your Name to Eternity.

Deign then (Great Sir) a gracious Reflex upn, and Ac-
ceptation of this Difplay of Heraldry, which though in it
[elf is excellent^ yet thus illufirated by your Name , will ad-
mit of no Comparifon, but render to the Publifher a fhare of
Honour , in that he is permitted into your Frefence :
Being

Your Majeflies moft

fubmifsive and obedient
Subiecl: and Servant,

Richard clome.

$ Yaw* b'v^\\'\\^\ stf'ra^ o\ t nvroiD:\w{

jC7 *T O T H E

RIGHT NOBLE

Henry Duke of Norfolk,

s Ear l- Marshal of E NG LAND,
Earl of Arundel, Surrey, Norfolk, and Norwich ; Lord

Howard ,Moubr ay ,Segrave , Brews of Gower JFlt^- Allen. Clun ft ftwal-
ftree, Maltravers } Grayftoc^ and Howard of Caftle-Rifing, &c.

A N D T O ...

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE

ROBERT Earl of ALISBVRT and ELGIN,
Viscount Bruce of Ampthill,

Baron K of Whorlton, Skelton, and Kinlofs, Here-
ditary High-Steward of the Honour of /4mptbill,Lord Lieutenant
of the County of Bedford, and High-Steward of Leicefter^nd one
of the Lords of his Majefties moft Honourable Privy Councel ,
his Graces Subftitute for the Officiating the faid Office of Earl-
Marfhal.

Moft Honoured Lords ,

TH I S Treatife, next to his Sacred Majefty,
Honours Grand General , muft necefTarily
be dependant on your Lordfliips, Honours
Earl-Marfhal, to whofe Protection and Patronage it
is alfo moft humbly Dedicated by }

My Lords ,

Your Graces and Honours
moft Submijftve Servant,
a R ichard Blomg.

To the moft Concerned the

NOBILITY

AND

GENTRY.

My Lords and Gentlemen,

THis ineflimabk Piece of Heraldry, that hadpajltbe Prefi four times with much ap-
probation, had the unhappy Fate in the lafl to have, a Blot in its Efcocheon, viz.
the Infertion of Oliver's Creatures ; which as no Merit could enter them infuch a
Regiment but Vfurpation, fo we have in thit Impreffton exploded them, and in-
fertedthePerfons, Titles, and Dignities of fuchashis Majesly (fincebu blejfed Reflauration)
conferred Honour upon, that fo the Corn may be intire, of one Sheaf and the Grapes of one
Vine. To this Impreffton U added A Treatife of Honour Military and Civil, which Ido
own to have received from Captain David Logan o/ldbury in Oxfordlhire,^^ Manufcript
U not exatlly obferved by omitting the Quotations in hit Papers , m being unwilling to [well the
Volume unto too large a bulk. ; and the rather, being confident he afferts nothing without the
Authority of good Authors, putting my Confidence in hit Care, who is tender enough of his Ho-
nour and Loyalty, Vertues inherent in his Blood and Name, witnefl the Scotifb Hislories, al-
though unfortunatethereinthree or four Ages ago : Nor may this Treatife be without font Er-
rors, committed by the P refi, and that occafioned by his great diflance in the Countrey, which (if
any) fhall be corrected in the next Impreffton, begging the Readers pardon for the prefent.

R. B.

Mr. Guillioi's
PREFACE

TO THE

E A D E

O W difficult a thing it is to produce form out of things/^/? and %
formed, and to prefcribe limits to things confufed , there is none but may
ea% perceive, if he fhall take but a Height view of the Chaos-like con-
temperation of things not only diverfe but repugnant in Nature, hitherto
concorporated in the generous Profeflion of Heraldry : as the forms of the pure C*le
dial Bodes, m.x'd with grofs Terreftrials; Earthly Animals,mth Watery; Savage Beafls
with Tame ; Whole- footed Beafls, with Divided; Reptiles, with things GrelTible FoJs of
Prey, with Home-bred; thefe again, with River-Fowls ; Airy hfella , wi'th Earth

MU Z -iT/f UTd \ "1* Artifidah > Mi Lib ™ l > ^Mechanical;
Military with Rufltcal ; and tiutoci w«h Cta/. Which confufed «to hath not a
little difcouraged many perfons (otherwife well affiled to the ftudy of Armory ) and
impaired the eftimation of the Profeflion. For redrefs whereof my felf ( tho ugh
unableft of many) have done my beft, in this my Difplay of Heraldry, to diffolve this
deformed Lump, d.ftribut.ng, and digefting each particular thereof into his peculiar
Rank, ; where.n, albeit the ifTue of my Enterprife be not anfwerabic to the height of
my defires, yet do 1 affure my felf my labour herein will not be altogether fruitlefs •
forafmuch as hereby I have broken the Ice, and made way to fome after-comers of
greater Gift, and riper Judgment, that they may give a fairer body to this my delinea-
ted rough draught, or fhadow of a new-framed method. For if men of greateft skill
have faded to give abfoluteform to their works, notwithftanding their beft endeavour*
with little reafon may fuch perfection be expefted from me, whofe Talent is fo fmall, as
that I am forced to build wholly upon other mens Foundations ; and therefore may be
thought to have undertaken an idle task, in writing of things formerly handled and
publ.fhed by perfons of more fufficiency and greater judgment. Notwithftanding }

2 a who

Mr.. Guillim's Preface to the Reader.

who^m^weth nor, that as every man hath his proper conceit and invention, lo hath he
his feveral drift and purpofe, fo as divers men writing of one k\f Argument, do han-
dle the fame diverfly ? which being fo, what letteth that every of us, writing in a di-
verfe kind,may not without offence to other, ufe our uttermoft endeavours to give unto
this erft unfhapely and. difproportionable profeffion of Heraldry, a true Symmetria and
proportionable correfpondence of each part to other ? Inafmuch ( if I be not decei-
ved) both they and my felf do all aim at one mark, which is, fo to adorn and beauti-
fie this Science, as that it being purged from her wonted deformities, may become more
plaufible to many, and be favourably entertained of all ; which could not beotherwife
better effefted, than by diffolving of this Chaos-like or confufed Lump, and diffever-
ing of each particular thereof from other, and difpofing them under their peculiar
Heads, which is the full fcope of thefe my Travels. Now to the end I might the bet-
accom'plifh this Task, after I had carefully colleQed the chief Grounds, Principles, Ruhs,
and Obfervations that Ger. Leigb, Bofoell, Feme, Bara, Cbaffaneu*, and other belt appro-
ved Authors in their feveral Works have written touching the Rudiments andfiift Princi-
ples of Armory ; then did I ferioufly bethink my felf for the orderly diftribution of thofe
their difperfed Notei and Obfervations fo by me GoHeftcd, and digefting of them into
fome form of Method, or at theleaft into fome Methodical resemblance, wherein 1 hope
1 have in fome fort accomplished my defire , and have for thy better undemanding
and apprehenfion (gentle Reader) firft diftributed this work mo Sections, and thofe in-
to Chapters, briefly {hewing their feveral fubftances and orderly connexions ; and
throughout the whole I have begun with the Genm of each kind, and fevered them into
their Species, which alfo are fubdivided into Individual, annexing particular Rules to
each feveral fore. Moreover, I have added Definitions, Divifwns, and Etjmolrgies of
the Artificial terms peculiarly pertaining to this Art, beftowed the chief Grounds*
Ptinciples, Rules and Obfervations under their proper Heads, and manifefted their ufe
by examples of fpecial choice , whereby they receive not only warrant, but alfo live-
ly fenfe and vigor, in default whereof they would become deftirute or all force, accord-
ing to that faying of Areiiut, Prmpta, quantumvh bona is- concinna, mortuafunt, nifl %fe
auditor varih exemplh ea re\rs[entat. Finally, to the end that nothing fhould be want-
ing that might give thee full contentment , 1 have prefixed before every Setiun an
Analogical Table, briefly comprehending the fubftance of each ftbfapem; Spfflto, and
that with fuch coherence that each of the faid Tables anfwereth in a Relat.ve refpeS of
the one of them to the other ; foas all of them do jump together in an uhiverfa! cohc-
rence.as by their particular references doth manifeftly appear, whereby I have brought
to pafs (though with long and difficult labour) that in this my Viffkycf HeraUry,'hoa
mayeft eafily find (beftowed according to Order) whatfoevcr thou ijefireft cofiCtrmilg
the Principles of this Profeffion: So that thou in fhort time,and with much eafe,niarjeft
reap not only a profitable Gleaning, but a plentiful Harvtfl of this my long and pajnfid
Lucubrations. Farewcl.

TABLE

OF THE

HEADS and METHOD

Of fuch things for the

Difplay of Heraldry

As are treated of in this

W O R K.

Section I.

PLain Shields
Ermyns
Vaire
Bordures
Files and Labels
DiliinStion of Houses
Abatements

Sed. II.

18
22

Z J

Chiefs
Tales

Bends and Bendlets
Fefs

Cheverons

Barrs and Barrutets
Gyrons
Tiles
Flanches
Orles
Croffes
Saltires
TaUets

Two or three Ordinaries in
onejljield 67

4 J
41,66

47
49

Sed. III.

Ant els and Spirits
Spheres and Stars
Sun and Moon
Crefcents
Flames, (3a
Mullets
Nebule
Efcarbuncle
Stones

Trees and Leaves

Fruits

Rofes

Wheat-ears and Sheaves
Flower de Lis

74
77
82

95
94
9?
97
101

1(5?
106

Trefoils , Quaterfeils , and

Cinquefoils
Flowers
Gut tee

Heaths heads and bones
Elephants
Horjes, Affes , Bulls, Goats,
&c. in whole and in fart,
119

Stags, Bucks andT)eer 124
Bucks heads 128
XJni corns 130

109
in

"3
114
118

Camels, Boars, Sheep, (Sc. in
whole and ' in part, 131
Lions 1 34

Lions heads and paws 1 45
Tigers, Bears, and Wolves,
"47

Greyhounds and Dogs 149
Foxes, Cats, Ermyns, 1 y 1
Squirrels , Rabbets, Moles ,

Hedghogs ,Tortoijes, ibid.
Toads, Spiders, Emmets, 1 J4
Grajhoppers 156
Snakes, Snails, 1^7
Swans, Ducks, Cranes, and

Herns, iy8
Spread Eagles 161
Wings, Feathers, and Legs,
16}

Hawks, Owls , and Birds ,
166

Martlets 1 70

Teacocks , Turkics , 172
F//W , .fifcr, 6S>f. 175
Eeles, Dolphins, Crabs, and
other fifi, ij$
Efcallop-Jhells and other /hells
178

Effigies of tnenfSc. 182
Tarts of men 1 84

Otters

TABLE,

189
190

Otters
Leofards
Leopards faces
Griffins, h r iverns, Cockatrices

Mermaids ficc. 1 92

Lions and other BeaHs not

freely born

95"

Sec». IV.

CrowuT, Scepters , Garters,
&c. Cardinals Hats, Mi-
ters, Crofiers, 202
Swords, Maces, 207
Rings, Annulets, 208
Billets 210
'Pens, Inihorus, Letters 2 1 1
Fidles, Pipes, and other In-
ftruments ZI2
Celeftial Signs 2 1 3

Plows, if arrows, Checker-
wheels, 2I4
Spindles, Cards, Barrels,! 16
Maunches 217

Combs, Varies, 2 1 8

'Pellets, Plates, Hurts, Be-
zants, 2 1 9
Pick-axes, Mallets, Squares,
Axes, 2 21
Plumets, Compafes,Pinchers,
&c. ibid.
Caflles, Towers, Tents, 22y
Bells, Cufbions, 228
Trejfels, Trevets, Pots, Bel-
lows,^. 229
JW/j-, Anchors, 250
■fio./fj, <£&//>.(■, 2 j j
Hunters Horns 232
Bells, Lewres, 2j?
Mafcles, Frets, 234
Fifihooks, Nets, and Wee Is ,
22y

Playing fables, T)ice, 236
Chefs-rooks and Ferdemolins
237

Banners , Spears , Beacons,
'Drums, 239
Trumpets, Fluits , Clarions ,
24 j

G«;/r battering Rams,
2 44

^■K'j-, Arrows, and Pheons,
246

WwWds, .S^^ Bills, Lauv-
ces, and Ladders, 248
Helmets, Gaunt lets, Legs, 2J4
Saddles, Horfes, Shoes, ztf,
Chaflets 2 j8
Shackbolts 2J9
Waterbowgets 260
Torteuxes 262
Lozenges, Fufik, ibid.

Sed. V.

Co.rfj- c/" fever al Ordinaries
26 s

8ei». VI.

Impaled Coats
Quartered Coats

285
288

TO THE

MOST NOBLE PRINCE

JAMES

Duke of Monmouth and Buccleuth,

^iA D a° nC i er ^t D f¥! h > h°* dSc0tt Tendale, and

mdefir Lord High Chamberlain of Scotland Chief Juftice,and
Juftice in Eyre of all his Ma;efties Parks, Chafes, and Forefts on the
South fide ofjrm Lieutenant of the County, and Steward of the
Town , of Stafford, Lord Lieutenant of the Eaft-Ridin g of Yorh-
flnre Governour of the Town and Citadel of Kingflon upon
^// Chancellor of the Univerfity of Cambridge, Mafter of the
HorfetohisMa ; efty Captain of his Ma jetties Guard of Horfe

S ^ fc0rder0f th£ Garter, Captain General

of his Ma;efties Land Forces , and one of the Lords of his Maie-
ities moil Honourable Privy Council, &c-

May it fleafe your Grace,

Here frefent to your Serene View a Treatife
of a mofi Sublime Nature , Honour
and Arms, the mofi ufeful and ornamental
Properties amongft men , rendring the meritorious
as Demy Gods. The Title your Grace hath to the one by

Birch,

Birth , and to the other by your Heroick A&s , would
renin m Hnjufc fhould it appear under any other Tutelage.
My Lord, I 'have illujlrated it with the Effigies of your
Royal Sire his Sacred Majefly , and adorned it with
the Robes peculiar to the Peers: And for the comfleating
the {aid Work, with great Care, and no fmall Charge^ I have
added the Honourable Enfigns of the Nobility , with a
feleH number of the Gentry , in fuch accurate Sculptures,
that modejily I may fay the like hath not hitherto been at-
tempted by any. To whofe protection this Treatife of Ho-
nour and Arms ( as your Graces jujl due ) u in all hu-
mility dedicated to your Highnefs by,

KJ ■ v_JL .-. JL \ t

My Lord,

Your Graces mod Obedient

and'Submiflive Servant,

Richard Blome.

Nihil eft invention &■ perfe&um [tmiti,

TTHis firftScffion flieweth the original beginning and univerfality
-*r divtrfe denominations, compofition and voluntary affumption of
A ™' and £»j7g«r ■ the original difcipline of them, the Equivoca-
tion of the Latin wonMm^and in what fenfe the fame is to be under-
flood and taken, the neceffity and ufe of Armwd Enfigns ■ when and
by whom they were firft given for remunerations • tSif^
their Bearers, and their with Names . th ^ DefinUhn

Diftribution, Blazon, Accidents, and Ptf/tj- ; their Diminutions o^ A.
batements j together with many Prm^r, and Obfervatiom as

well general as particular, pertaining to Blazon. *

The Table of the Firft Se&ion.

mm ^

Acci-
dents,
which
are both

' Tin-
cture,
which
confift-
ethof

General, As when things are born in their natural
Colours :

[Colours, which J (Single, As white and black.

arc either \ \ ( Exactly compounded of white

/Special,^ ^ and black , as Red.

Declining more to the one
»Mixr, > than to the other, with Red,
as Yellow , Sanguine , Pur-
pure, &c.

One colour, viz.. white, which is the Z.e«<>« Skin or Furr.

"Black i Ermyn, which is
with J black upon white,
hite, f Ermyns, white up-
on black.

Furrs,
which
confift
either of

| Two
| only,
I which

Iarc ei- \
ther )

than

one.

With

black, asl

Black { Ermynois , black

; with < U P 011 Y eUow -

[yellow, C Pcan ' y cIlow u P on
black.

( Verrcy , which is compofcd
\ of white and blue , or of
J blue and white.

With-
out

black,

More
than
two,

J Which is green with yellow,
£ or yellow with green .
Ermynites, differing from Ermyn by a
red hair added to each fide of the
fpots.

Differences, which are both<

Vayre, which is of all Colours,
blue and green.
Ancient, as Bordures of all forts.

except

'Modern,asFiles,Crefcents,Mullets,MartIets, Annulets.

r Blazon- I

ing> Y
wherein -
mull be
confi-
dered

The
skill of
Armory
confift- s
eth in

j Points,
j of which'
| fomeare

■ Middle, as the Fefs, Honour, and Nombril Points.

' Exact middle point of the
\ Chief, and the two ex-
I Superiour, < treams thereof, its. the
) Dexterand SinilterBafe
Remote J C Points.

Precife middle Point of
the Bafe of the Efco-

Mar (hai-
ling,
whereof
hereaf-
' ter in
I the (ixth
^Section.

('"Acci-
dents,
t viz..

Parts,
which
are the

t Efco-
I cheon,

1 wherein
we raufl
< obferve
the

Inferiour,

Rebate
ments,
which
confift:

chcon, and the two Ex-
treams thereof, fcil, the
Dexter and Sinifter Bafe
Points.

r On the middle Point, as the Dclf and the
Incfcocheon reverled.

'"Some one of the other Points c-
J lone, as the Dexter Point
[ parted.

.Tour, as a Point in a

T-ir I I Point -

, El f " ("Three, as Point

are pla- < where, jMore Champain, Point

ced | and do"? Points J Fewer | Plain, and Gore

Dimi-
nution
which

l_occupy

than
one,
viz..

Points,! sinifter.
than [Two, asaGufiet
four, | Dexter and Sini-
ifter.

Reverfing, which is a tranfpofing or turning upfide
V, downof the whole Efcocheon.

Kinds, whereof fee the Table of the Second Section.

Ornaments without the Efcocheon, whereof fee in the Table of the Sixth Section.

DISPLAY

HERALDRY.

SECT. I. CHAP. I.

; Hofoever fhall addrefs himfelf
to write of matters of In-
ftruclion, or of any other Ar-
gument of importance, it be-
hoveth, that before he enter
thereinto , he mould refo-
lutely determine with him-
felf, in what order he will
handle the fame : So mall he beft accomplifh that
he hath undertaken, and inform the underftand-
ing, and help the memory of the Reader. For fo
doth Chajflwtus admonifh us ; fay ing, Tritifqu. m
ad 'Jcient lam perveniatur, bomtm eft, modumpra-
fcribere docendi, g ordinem; quia per ordinem
res intelleBa magis deleilant amnios, mentes
nutriunt, feujus magis illuminant, & memoriam
reddmit clariorem. Such order and courfe of
Writing doth alfo procure in the Reader a facility
of apprehenfion, as Erasmus noteth ; faying, Pa-
ribus difcimiis qua congruo dicuntur ordine ,
qudm qutc (parsim G! coufusim.

What Order is, St. Jiigufliue doth inform us;
faying, Ordo eft par mm, difpariumque rerum di-
ftributio. This Order is twofold ; the one of Na-
ture, the other of Difcipline : the order of Nature
(as Doctor Cajius noteth) is a progrdlion from

Simples to things Compound : contrariwife, the
order of Difcipline is a proceeding from things
Compound to Simples. As touching the order
that I have prefixed to my felf in this Difplay of
Heraldry, you lhall underftand, that forafmuch as
the handling of one of thefe alone, fufficeth not to
the effecting of my intended Method, I mull: of
force make ufe of them both in fome fort accord-
ing to their diftincl: kinds. Wherein albeit the or-
der of Nature in right Ihould have the prece-
dence, as the more worthy, quia Natura regitur
abinteUigentianou err ante: neverthelefs in re-
gard my principal purpofe tendeth to the prefcri-
bmg of a form of Difcipline,whereunto thefe to-
kens which we call Arms mull be reduced, and
therein to manifell rather their Location than
their Generation, their Ufe than their Effence,
their Shadow than their Subftance ; I am con-
ftrained to prefer die latter (which ferveth di-
rectly for my purpofe) before the former, which
tendeth thereto but collaterally,- whofe dignity
notwithflanding I purpofe rcgardflilly to oblerve,
when I mall come to the distribution of things
Natural in their proper places.

But before I enter my Method, I hold it expe-
dient (though I do fomewhat digrefs) by way
B of

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Sed. I

of introduction to the better conceiving and un-
derftanding of that which (hall be herein handled,
briefly to offer to the confideration of the Judi-
cious Reader, fome few things of neceifary note,
touching the Subject of this Work : Such are
thofe enligns or marks which we call Arms in En-
glilh, and in Latine Arma ; which being a word
of equivocation or ambiguity, needed) lbme ex-
plication ; T)igredi enim qnaiidoqtte licet ex cau-
fai 11011 autem divagari : for fo it is very requifite,
"to the end it may be certainly known in what
fenfe this word is to be here taken, quia difienti
poUenda funk vera G> certa.

It is therefore to be obferved that this word
Arma in Latine is fometimes taken for very na-
tural inftruments, and in this fenfe doth Doctor
Cajius ufe the fame, where he faith, Arma bellms
natura dedit, ut Leoui dentes,Serj>enti aculeum,
&c. Sometimes it is taken for all manner of in-
ftruments pertaining to Mechanical Trades, as
Arma Riiflicornm,Raf}ra, Ligones, S> hujufmodi.
Alfo Arma Coqumaria, lebes, patella, tripus,
olla, (sc. AnaV'irg. RLv.eid. j. fpeaking of the
neceiTaries pertaining to Shipping,faith, tolligere
arma jubet, validijq; incumbere remis.

Sometimes it is taken for all forts of warlike

I inftruments ; and in this fenfe doth Doctor Cajius
take it , faying, At hommibus arma mduftria
■Rnxit, eoque finxit, tit fro imperto ratioms eis
uteretur. But this word Arma here meant is not
underftood in any of thefe fignifications, but mull
be taken in a metaphorical ienfe, for that they do
affume a borrowed name (by way of figure call-
.ed Metouymia Subjeflf) from the Shields, Tar-
gets, Banners, Military CalTocks, and other Mar-
tial Inftruments, whereupon they were engra-
ven, emboifed, embroidered or depicted : which
kinds of furniture and habiliments are peculiar
Unto Martial men and profeifed Souldiers , to
whom only it pertaineth to bear Armour ; which
even at this day we do ufually call by the name
of Arms. And of them in procefs of time did
thefe enfigns or marks receive their denominati-
on, and were called Arma, in Englilh Arms, as
Abra. Fra. noteth, faying, Arma appellantur,
qubd ohm folis militibus datafuerum, qui arma
gerere folent. Nam cum iff a fit gloria armis, ut
inftrumentis comparata , placuit ipfam quoque
mercedem arma appellare.

Claudius Fauchet faith, that Arms have their
Appellation or Denomination, becaufe Military
men bare their Devices,or Inventions depicted
upon their Coat-Armours, and in and upon their
fhields : Claudius Fauchet.

Arms were called Symbola, which fignifieth
Signs, Tokens, or Marks, given in time of Hofti-
lity, or of Civil Tumults, by Captains to their
Souldiers, or by the Authors of Rebellion to
their pernicious Alfociates aud Confederates, for
diftinguifliing of particular perfons,as well among
themfelves, as from their Enemies ; for the better
avoiding fuch inconveniencies (as I fhall prefently
fhew when I come to fpeak of them, and ufe of
Arms.)

Thefe Armorial Notes (fo much in ufe with us
at this day) are oftentimes called Jnjigma, which
name, as Aldrovandus fuppofeth, proceeded of
the barrennefs of the Latine tongue ; his words
are thefe , Infignium nomen ex lingua Latina
videtur fuxijje incpia, certi vix almd vocabu-
lumhuic magis quadrat, quod ' hac pracipui vir-
tutis ® gentilitatis five uotafive fignum Jit.

How far the extent of this word Infiguia, or
Enligns, doth dilate it felf, we may perceive by
this,that it comprifeth generally all Signs,Marks,
and Tokens of Honour, due to well deferving
perfons, either in refpect of their Government,
Learning, Wifdom, Magnanimity, &c. Thefe
albeit tliey have no government annexed to
them, yet have they in them much honour, and
eftimation, as were thofe Pontifical Ornaments,
and Enfigns, wherewith Simeon the High Prielt
was adorned and furnilhed at fuch time as he
went to meet Alexander, by means whereof his
fury was appeafed. In the like fort did Pope Leo
attire himlelf, when he went to meet Attila the
Scythian Prince ; who having fubdued the Coun-
try of Hungary, and deftroyed Aquileia in Italy,
came forwards to Rome with like intent. So alfo
did Pope Benedict mitigate the fury of Tot i la, as
if there lurked fome fecret force and majefty in
the very Ornaments and Enfigns.

Of the number of thefe Enligns, are thofe
notes, marks, and ftiapes of Animals, that Mar-
tial men ufed to adorn the Crefts of their Helm-
ets withal, to make themfelves more eminent in
the .Field : and to the end there might be better
notice taken of their valorous actions, when they
encountred their Enemies in Battel : or mould
draw on their Forces to fight. Whereof we fhall
have caufe to fpeak hereafter in place more con-
venient, when we fliall come to Treat of them
particularly.

The ufe of thefe was yet extended farther than
the adorning of Shields and Helmets only : For
Ships alfo and other Navigable Veffels, were alfo
garnifhed and beautified in their Fore-decks, yea,
and that in very ancient time, for the diitinguifh-
ing of one Ship from another ; as we may fee ,
Atfs 28.1 i.'^Vhere Taul faith,he went in a Ship
whofe badge was Caftor and Tollux. Alfo the
Fore-deck of the Ship that carried away Europa,
had a form of a Bull painted thereon, which gave
occafion to the Fable,that a Bull had ftollen away
Europa. Neither did the Ancients only ufe this,
but it hath been a received Cuftome in all Ages
fithence,and yet continued with us unto this day.
Hereof it cometh that we give the Ships the
names of the things that are depicted upon them,
as the Bull, Bear, Lyon, Tyger, &c.

Arms then as they are here meant, according
to their Original and firft Ufe, may be thus de-
fined : Arms are tokens or refemblances, fignify-
ing fome act or quality of the Bearer. Or thus,
Thefe Signs called Arms are nothing elfe but De-
monftrations and Teftimonies of Nobility and of
Worthy prowesful exploits performed in Martial
fervices, efpecially if they be ancient, and be-

ftowed

Chap. I.

flowed by a Noble and Renowned Prince ; And
this is according to their ufe in the time of Alex-
ander the Great, and fince, until of later times ;
But according to their modern (I mean fince the
time of Charles the Fourth) and prefent ufe,
Arms may be faid to be Hieroglyphical or Enig-
matical Symbols or Signs, tcftifying and demon-
* (hating the Nobility or Gentry, acquired by the
vertue and good fervice performed by their Bear-
er or fome of his Anceftors, either in Martial Ex-
ploits abroad, or by their Learning and Wifdom,
which they attained to, by fpendmg their bodies
and fpirits in continual ftudy, to make themfelves
fit for the patronage and defence of the Weal-
Publick at home.

How great the dignity and eftimation of Arms
ever hatli been, and yet is, we may eafily con-
ceive by this, that they do delight the beholders,
and greatly grace and beautihe the places where-
in they are erected ; lb alfo they do occafion their
fpectators to make lerious inquifition,whofe they
are, who is the owner of the houfe wherein they
are fet up, of what Family their Bearer is dei-
cended, and who were his next, and who are his
remote Parents or Anceftors.

It is very probable that thefe Signs, which we
call Arms at this day, howfoever in former Ages
they have been named (whether Emblems or
Pictures, graven, painted, or embolTed, or notes
reprefenting fome fecretor hidden My ftery j as
Hieroglypfucks, or Enigmatical, or hidden con-
ceits) they were external notes of the inward
difpofition of the mind, manifefting in fome fort
the natural qualities of their Bearers, yet fo as
they were hidden from the vulgar fort, and
known to the judicious only, experimented in the
knowledg of the natural vertues and difpofitions
of Bodies Celeftial, of Animals, and of Vegeta-
bles, &c.

Thefe in their beginning and firft inftitution,
were not beftowed upon vulgar perfons, neither
were their intendments fitted for common capa-
city, but fuch as were extracted out of the bow-
els, and very entrails of Nature, and were neither
obfeure to the Learned, nor over-familiar to the
Common fort.

Between Arms and Names there is a certain
conformity, fo that as it is a thing unlawful for a
man (but upon great occafion) to change his
name ; tSi'c ne que arma (faith Chaffan.') mutare
lie et,mfi magna cf> honor ifica caufa accefferit ; and
another faith, ANomimbus ad Arma bomtm de-
ducitur Argumentum.

There are fometimes Arms born that may
feem to have been devifed (in their firft inftituti-
on) according to the Surnames of the Bearers, as
a Bear for Urfoune, three Caftles for Cafiletou,
three Conies for Cones by, &c. Whether thefe be
either better or more ancient than other Arms, it
is a queftion of more difficulty to be refolved,than
commodious if it were known.

If there were two diftinCt Families of one Sur-
name, yet bearing feveral Coat-Armours, it is no
confequence that they are originally illued from

the fame Anceftours ; for their agreement of
their Surnames may be faid to be a probability,
but yet it is no proof, that they are both extract-
ed from the fame Anceftours, unlefs there be
withal a refemblance of their Coat-Armours,
which are the exprefs notes of diftinction.

In cafe where there are two Families, diverfe
in Name, and illued from feveral Parents ; and
both of them do bear one and the felf fame Coat-
Armour, and the Name of one of them is agre-
able to the Coat-Armour,and the other dilfonant
from the fame; the fame being in queftion to
whether of them this Coat doth properly apper-
tain: it may be probably conjectured, that he is
intereifed in the Coat-Armour whofe appellation
is agreable therewith ; rather than he , whofe
name hath no conformity -with it. For Names
were inftituted for differencing of each perfon
from other feverally, according to the faying,
Stent Nomina invei.ta funt ad cognofcendos he-
mines: It a Arma & hifignia ad recognofcenduni
homines Junt mventa.

If two men of feveral Families fhall bear one
Coat-Armour , and have their abode in one
Country or Territory ; and one of them can pro-
duce no more proof why he doth arrogate the
propriety thereof, than the other can ; in fuch
cafe the caufe fhall be queftioned before the Sove>-
raign, or before fuch as do from him derive their
authority, for the hearing, examining, and de-
termining cafes of this nature ; Otherwife , if
either of them can prove that his Anceftors re-
ceived the fame of the Kings Gift, as a remune-
ration for fervice done, the Arms fhall be adjudg-
ed to be his.

Alfo there is between thefe Arms and their
Bearers a kind of Sympathy or natural participa-
tion of qualities, infomuch as who fo dilhonoura-
bl'y or unreverently ufeth the Arms of any man ;
feemeth to have offered indignity to the perfon
of their Bearer,fo as (according to fome Authors)
their owner fhall right himfelf againft fuch an of-
fender, or wrong-doer, Act i one Injur i arum.

As touching the Antiquity of thefe Signs which
we call Arms, Diodorus Siailus maketh men-
tion, that Ofjris furnamed Jupiter the Jufl, Son
to Cham the Curfed Son of Noah, called of the
Gentiles Janus, being banillied from the bleffed-
Tents of Shem and Jafhet; by reafon of the
Curfe fallen upon his Father, was conftrained to
feck fome remote place wherein he might fettle
himfelf, his children, and people : for which pur-
pofe he affembled a great Army, and appointed
Hercules his Eldeft Son Captain. And in this fo
ancient an expedition of Wars, as well Ofyris
'himfelf as Hercules, Macedon and Anubis his
Sons and others, did Paint certain Signs upon
their Shields, Bucklers, and other Weapons ;
which Signs were after called Arms : As for ex-
ample 0(yris bare a Scepter Royal, infigned on
the top with an Eye ; Hercules a Lion Rampant
holding a Battle-axe ; Macedon a Wolf, and A-
nubis a Dog. And we find in Homer and in Vir-
gil, that the Hero's had their Signs or Marks ,

whereby

A Dffplay of Heraldry.

A Difplay

of Heraldry.

Sed. I.

whereby their pcrfons were diftinctly known,and
difcerned in Battel, as well as their Kings and
Commons had their Publick Enfigns : lor the
Athenians bare the Owl, the Terjians an Anchor
or Sagittary ftamped on their Coins ; the Romans
bare an Eagle, Minotaur,and fundry other lhapes,
which ([according to Tliny) they bare in Battel
unto the time of Marias, who bare in his Enfign
an Eagle, Argent, Figured and EmboHed,i5>/j' une
haute longue, as may be feen in ancient Medals,
and chiefly in which is found this word, Allocu-
tio.

Taulus Rimilius fdith, that anciently the
French Kings did bear, Argent, three Diadems,
Gules. Others fay they bare three Toads,Sable,
in a field, Vert, alias Sinople, which cannot be
good Armory, as the Matters of that Myftery do
hold, becaufe of Colour upon Colour.

W hence they received thofe Arms is not cer-
tainly known, unlefs they had them from the
Romans.

But their opinion is more probable who by the
Blazon of the Shield of France, would lhew that
the firft Franks confifling of SicamiriCa people
of Gfm,z;/)',inhabiting the Marches diFrizeland
towards Holland, Zealand, and Gelderlind')
gave unto them Azure, which refembleth the
water (which being calm reprefenteth the colour
of the Heavens)and therein three Flowers de Lis
Or, which do grow plentifully in thofe Marches,
and do ilourilh in May and June.

Others affirm, that the fame was fentbyan
Angel from Heaven to C/ovis, the firft Chriftian
King of France.

But Gregory of Tours in his Hiftory mentioned
no fuch thing, neither doth it appear that they
bare thofe Arms before the time of King F'efin,
but after the time of Lewis le Grojje : at which
time it feemeth that Armories began to become
hereditary, and were transferred from Father to
Son in each Family.

In the firft aflumption of thefe Signs, every
man did take to himfelf fome fuch Beaft, Bird,
Filh, Serpent, or other Creature as he thought
beft fitted his Ellate, or whofe nature and quality
did in fome fort quadrate with his own,or where-
unto himfelf was in fome refpecl in quality like,
or wifhed to be refembled unto. Ex iis quibus
quifqne m ixime deleclatur quoits etiarn fit ipfe
cognofcitnr. The reafon is, for that no man is
delighted but with things that are like himfelf.
Therefore wherein any man is fpecially delight-
ed, himfelf alfo is found to be in quality much like
unto them. Zanchius de immortalitate Ani-
m arum 123.

Whereofit cometh that our Souls albeit they are
naturally delighted with things that pleafe, and
delight the External Senfes, yet ihall we find that
by how much the mind is more generous and no-
ble, by io much the more doth it apprehend a
more folid delight in tilings pertaining to the in-
ward faculties, thanin fuch as pertain tothe ex-
tenor ienfes, as we may fee in thofe Arts where-
M-the Phantafie is chiefly exercifed; whereby

they receive a greater contentment of things per-
taining to the mind; that is to fay, as well Moral,
as Natural, and Supernatural Philofophy. For
like as our exteriour fenfes are delighted with
corporal, and corruptible things ; fo in like man-
ner are our minds atfecTred to things Spiritual and
eternal , and are wonderfully delighted in them
by reafon of the Sympathy of their natural qua-
lities. Similitude non etirrit quatuor fedibus
(lit aiunt in Scholis~) many things may be like
yet nothing like in all points or refpe&s.

As their Inftitution is not new, but very anci-
ent, derived ahnoft from the beginning of the
world ; fo their ufe was not limited, or reftrained
to fome few particular Nations, Kingdoms and
Countries, but moft largely fpread all the World
over, infomuch, as there is no Nation, Country
or People, fo favage or barbarous, but that they
have their particular Signs, whereby they may
particularly and diftindly be known and difcern-
ed from others. As in Example.

u CJfraelites ~> f The Hebr. Letter Tarn
£ ) Scythians / A Thunderbolt,
° lEgypiansVfjknOxz,
.2 S Thrygians-l'% ^ A Swine,

yhraciaus f g \Mars,
£ ) Romans f ^ ) An Eagle,
f -1 I Terfians ) £ (how and Arrows,
Corali a Savage people of Toutus bare 2 Wheels.

And Tlatarch in the life of Marias faith, that
the Cimbnans, a People inhabiting the parts of
Denmark, Norway, and the Almams , which
in thofe days were cruel, and barbarous , never-
thelefs had their Shields adorned with the forms
and lhapes of favage and cruel beafts, as alfo their
Targets, and other Military Inftruments fuited
accordingly, and that in fuch multitudes, and in
fuch glorious and glittering manner , that they
dazled the eyes of the beholders.

Neither were thefe Signs particularly reftrain-
ed unto Nations, Countries, and Provinces but
they were fo univerfal , as that there was no
Tribe, particular Perfon or Family,but had their
Armorial Signs or Notes, whereby they were not
only diftindtly known, and difcerned from other
forreign Tribes and Families ; but alfo apparent-
ly difcerned (amongft themfelves) one from ano-
ther, by means of interpofition of fome minute
or fmall differences , which after-comers were
forced to devife for the prefervation of Common
peace and unity, when the multitude of Bearers
(through long tracb of time) increafed excef-
fively.

Achilles had his Shield beautifully adorned
with great variety of things Celeflial, as the mo-
tion of the Sun, Moon, Stars, Planets, and other
the Celeftial Spheres,the Scituation of the Earth,
and the adjacent Iflands, the Seas with the ebbing
and flowing thereof, &c. whereof I lhall have
better occalion offered to fpeak more at large
hereafter. Alfo Amfhiaraus (as Tindarus the

The ban

Chap. I. A Diftlay

Theban Poet affirraeth ) in his expedition to
Thebes, bare in his Shield a painted Dragon.
Capaucus one of the feven Captains that be-
fieged Thebes, bare the manifold headed Hydra
that Hercules fought withal, as Siatius the
Neapolitan Poet reported. 'Polynices a Sphynx.
Agamemv.ou in the Trojan Wars bare in his
Shield a Lion, with this Epigram, Terror hie
eft honnw.m, & qui nunc gent eft Agamemnon.

Vlyffes bare a Dolphin, and a Typhon brea-
thing" "out flarnes ot fire ; Terfetis Medufa's
head ; Antiochus a Lion with a white wand ;
The feus an Oxe ; Seleucus a Bull ; Auguftus a
Sphinx, with infinite others which I purpofely
overpafs.

Thefe Signs or Tokens were in their fn-ft pro-
duction rpughrhewen (as I may term them)
and rude, as alio thole other notes or figns that
we now call Badges or Cognizances : fo as they
may be faid to have been rather painted Em-
blems, than exquifite tokens of honour, or ab-
folute figns or badges : in the time of their firft
inllitution they received divers denominations,
as Signs, Enfigns, Tokens, Marks, Cognizan-
ces, f$e. But when in After-ages they had
been polifhed and refined, then were thefe To-
kens or Signs, that had been formerly (after a
rude fafhion) handled together, more carefully
diftinguilhed , fo as thofe which we now call
Crefts or Cognizances, worn upon the helmets
of Military perfons in the field, were diftinctly
known from thofe that were born in the Shields
and Targets, which we now call Arms in En-
glifh, and in Latin Artna. Men of ancient times
deviled and invented many things ingenuoufly
and with great care and confideration, butfi-
nifhed them not ; but recommended them to
pofterity, to be by them brought to perfection,
according to that faying, Invenit antiquitas,
pofteri ferfecerunt, neither doth this derogate
ought from the ftudious, and induft ry of the
Ancient,neither is this any indignity unto them;
Non erubejeat antiquitas (faith Chaffaneus~) Ji
quid melius horum qua if (a tradidit, Novitas
adinvenit : for nothing is devifed and perfected
at an inflant, but it is continuance of time,and
much labour and induftry that brings it to per-
fection.

Thefe Signs,Marks, Notes, Enfigns, or what-
foever elfe you pleafe to name them, are not all
of one fort, for fome of them may be applied
to peace, and others to military ufe ; and of
each of thefe there are divers kinds or forts :
For fome of them are exprefs notes of govern-
ment and authority or jurifdiction, others have
no authority at all annexed to them.

Like as there is an abfolute Authority or Ju-
rifdidtion Royal, free from all limitation, and
another faid to be a mixt government ; yea,and
that as well in Civil Policy , as in Ecclefialtical
Jurifdiction : fo are alfo the Enfigns feveral, as
well thofe that pertain to the City, or Com-
mon-wealth, as alfo thofe that belong to Eccle-
fiaftical Government.

of Heraldry. 5

Thofe Enfigns that are remote or exempted
from Government and Authority are diverfe,
according to the divcrfky of conceipts of the
firft inftitutors or devifers of them. For fome
of them are in manner Vulgar and Common,
and fuch as may fall to the lot of a perfon of
mean condition : others again of more fubtile
and deep invention ; exquifite, beautiful, and
honourable, and are remunerations or rew ards
of fome noble exploits, of mecr divine wits, or
of fome rare or excellent vertue, as a recom-
pence of memorable and worthy deferts.

I know fome are of opinion that thefe tokens
or figns, which we do call Arms, were utterly
unknown to the ancient Greeks and Romans ;
and their memory not to be found with their
Nations : They do confefs that the Romans did
make the fame ufe of their Images that we do
at this day by our Arms, viz. to produce them
for teftimonies of their generous race.

Some other are of opinion, that they were
excogitated and brought in ufe by Charles the
Great and the Lombards , and fome again do
fuppofe, they began in the time of Frederick
Barbaroffa, but the contrary appeareth by Au-
thentical proof, as I have even now fhewed :
well may their opinion ftand with reafon, that
do hold , that the difcipline of Arms in the
Reign (or rather)during Imperial Government
oPTheodo/ius, and in the time of Charles the
Great, was brought to fome kind of perfection,
and withal more generally propagated and dif-
perfed, according to that faying of Abra. Fra.
Carolo Totentiffimo hnperaute hac @ diftinBi-
iis explicatafuiffe, frequent ills ufurpata elu-
cefcit.

The principal end for which thefe figns were
firft taken up, and put in ufe was,- that they
might ferve for notes and marks to diftinguifn
tribes, families, and particular perfons, each
from other ; but this was not their only ufe, for
that they ferved alfo to notifie to the ingenuous
beholder of them (after fome fort) the natural
quality and difpofition of their Bearers ; and fo
behooveful was this invention thought to be,
and their ufe fo reafonable, as that they have
been entertained of all fucceeding pofterities,
among all Nations, and continued (even to this
day) without any immutation or alteration of
their primary inftitution. Thefe Armorial En-
figns thus ingenioufly devifed had a further ufe ;
for they ferved alfo for the more commodious
diflribution of Nations, Tribes, and Families,
into Regiments and Bands ; as alfo for ailem-'
bling, conducting, and governing of them in
martial expedition , and diftinguifhing ( as I
have fhewed) of particular perfons in wars, as
well amongft themfelves as from their enemies ;
becaufe it often falleth out by reafon of the like-
nefs of Armour and Weapons, of Difcipline of
War, and of Language and Voice (in default of
fuch figns) that much treachery is wrought,and
many men after battle or skirmilh do make
their retreat to the troops of the Enemy, to the
C danger

A Difplay of Heraldry.

danger of their furprifc, orlofs of life : So then
it is clear that this is one life of thefe Notes, or
Marks of diftinction called Arms, that if a man
lhall meet or encounter us, we do forthwith dis-
cover by the note or mark that he beareth whe-
ther he be friend or enemy ; and for fome of
thofe ufes and ends which I have formerly
iliewed, Thefe Armorial Enfigns have received
approbation in the higheft degree, even from
the mouth of God himlelf (who, when he pre-
fcribed unto Mofes and Aaron a Form of order-
ing and conducting the Ifraelttes in their paf-
fage towards the Land of the Promife, did ex-
prefly command the ufe of Armorial Signs,fay-
ing, Ftlti Jfraelis quifque juxta vexiUum fo-
unt cumfignis fecundum domum Majorum fuorum
caftra habento : which order he required to be
obferved not only in the conduction of them in
their journey, but alfo in the pitching and rai-
fing of their Camp.

In which precept we may obferve, that God
maketh mention of two forts of Enfigns ; the
one general,the other particular ; and that thefe
latter were no lefs needful than the former ; for
the orderly governing and conducting of fo
huge and populous a multitude as the Ifraelites
were, in a journey fo long, and withal Subject
to infinite dangers. The nrft fort of thefe En-
figns, God calleth Vexilla, that is to fay Stand-
ards or Banners, which ferved for the conducti-
on of their feveral Regiments. For the IJrae-
lites confuted of twelve Tribes which were di-
vided into four Regiments ; that is,to wit,three
Tribes to each Regiment, of which every one
had a particular Standard,which as they differed
in colour one from another, fo did they doubt-
lefs comprehend in them feveral and diftinct
Forms.

Here may arife a twofold queftion concerning
thefe Standards before mentioned ; the one,
what colour each of them were ; the other ,
what forms and fhapes were depicted on them.
As to the colour,£ynz upon the fecond of 'Num-
bers, faith, Qualia font ifta Vexilla in Textu
non habetnr, fed dicunt aliqui Hebnei quod
VexiUum ciijujlibet Tribus, erat fimile colori
lapidit pofiti in rationali, in quo infer iptum e-
rat nomen ipfius Reuben, 35 fie de aliis.

And as to their feveral Forms, Martinus
Borhaus in his Commentary upon the fame
place, hath this faying, Tradmit Veteres in
Reubenis vexillo Mandragoram depiffamfu-
ijfe, quam Hie in agro colleBam matri Lia: at-
tulerat ; in Jehuda; Leonem, eui ilium benedi-
e-endo pater Jacobus eontnlerat. In Ephraim
vexillo, Bovu fpecies, In Danis vexillo, fer-
pentis Imago, qui ferpeuti ® en/nbro a Jacobo
comparatus erat, fiat ~Dan coluber in via. And
inConclulion he faith, Sit fides penes Aut bo-
res.

This fort of Enfign according to Calepine, is
called V 'xillmn quafi parvum velum, ® acci-
pitur (faith he) pro figno quo in exercitu vel
clajfe Imperatores utmnur. The ufe of thefe

Sea. j.

Standards doth confift herein, that they beinw
born aloft upon a long pole or Staff apparent to
every mans view, the Souldiers may be thereby
directed (upon all occafions of fervice) and by
the light ot them may be dillevered and united
at all times, as the necefJity of the fervice fhaU
require. Of this ufe, Lyra upon the fecond
of Numbers faith, Vexilla in perticis elevan-
tur, ut ad eorum afpeBuw bellatores dividan-
tur & uniantur : for like as a Ship is guided in
the furging Seas by the Stern or Rattier, even
fo are the Souldiers ordered in their Martial
Exploits by their Standard or Enfign.

The other forts of Enligns God calleth Signa
fecundum domum Majorum fuorum : whereby
is meant (if I be not deceived) the particular
Enfigns or Tokens of each particular Family,
and of the particular perfons of each Family.
For fo do I underftand that expofition of Lyra
upon the fame place, Signa propria font in vc-
Jlibus & jcutis, quibus bellatores mutub fo
cognofuut , Eg foos ab Adverfariis diflm-
guunt.

But here we mult put a difference between
thefe words Arma SS Lifigtua, and we mult fe-
parate thofe things that are proper to Arms
from fuch as pertain to Enfigns.

Arms therefore being taken in the largeft
fenfe (as I have hitherto in this Difcourfe uied
the word) may be faid to be either Publick or
Private.

Such are faid to be Publick Arms, as have
fome Soveraign authority or jurisdiction annex-
ed to them.

Of the firlt fort are fuch Arms as are born by
Emperours, Kings, andabfolute Princes, and
free Eltates, having Soveraign authority and
power within their leveral Empires, Kingdoms,
and Territories. Thefe in propriety of lpeech
cannot be aptly faid to be the Arms of their
Stock or Family, whereof they are defcended,
but do ^ rather reprefent the nature of Enfigns,
than of Arms, in regard of the publick autho-
rity to them annexed ; as alfo in refpect that
whofoever lhall fucceed them in thofe fupream
Governments lhall bear the fame Arms, as the
exprefs Notes and Testimonies of fuch their fe-
veral Jurisdictions, though they be extracted
from Aliens or forraign Families. For fo nei-
ther is the Eagle the peculiar Arms of the houfe
of Auflria , nor the Lions of the Family of
Tlantagenet, nor the Flowers de Lis of the
houfe of Valois. And thefe Arms or Enfigns
may no man elfe bear, or yet mark his Goods
withal, unlefs it be that in token of Loyalty he
will fet up the Kings Arms in his houfe, and
place his own Arms underneath. And there
are certain Enfigns of Dignity and Office which
every man having the lame Dignity or Office
may lawfully bear, as the Enfigns of a Procon-
ful, the Enfigns of a Bilhop. And thefe are pe-
culiar to thofe only that have the exercifing of
fuch Dignity or Office ; if any other fhallufurp
the bearing or ufe of them, he incurreth the

crime

Chap. F.

A Difplay

of Heraldry.

crime of Forgery. Private Arms are fuch as
are proper to Private perfons, whether they
be numbred in rank of the greater Nobility, as
Dukes, Marqueiles, Earls , Vifcounts and Ba-
rons, having no fove.raign or abfolute power :
or of the lelfer Nobility or Gentry, Knights,
Efquires and Gentlemen ; neither yet are they
Enligns of any ordinary dignity, but peculiar to
their Family, and may be infinitely transferred
to their Polterity.

For Arms or Armorial Tokens pertaining to
fome particular Family ; do defcend to every
peculiar perfon extracted from the fame Agna-
tion, whether they be heirs to their Father or
Grandfather, or not. Sometimes the bearers
of thefe do fo greatly multiply, as that they
are conlirained for diftincfron fake, to annex
fome apportion over and above their Paternal
Coat to them defcended, for differencing the
perfons. Quod Ifcitum eft,Jtcut uomnu addere
''jwanemen, which they may nolefs lawfully do,
than to add a Chriftian name to a Surname, to
diftinguilh two Children iifued from one Pa-
rent.

Thefe Arms are fometimes compofed of Na-
tural things, as of fome kinds of Celeiiial Bo-
dies, viz. of the Sun, Moon, Stars, Sr. Some-
times of four footed Beafts, or of Birds, or of
Serpents, or of Fiihes, or fome other Reptiles,
or elfe of fome kind of Vegetables, as Trees,
Shrubs, Flowers, Fruits, Leaves, &c. Or elfe
of fome folid things, as Caftles, Towers, Moun-
tains, (Sr. Or of things pertaining to Arts
Liberal , or Trades Mechanical, (Sc. Some-
times again they are compact of none of thefe,
but do coniiit only of the variations of Ample
Colours, counterchanged by occallon of Tranf-
verfe. Perpendicular, or whatfoever other Line
tiled in Coat-Armour , whether the fame be
Straight, Crooked, Bunched, &c. Whereby
palling through the Efcocheon , either Tra-
verfe, Oblique, or Direct, the Colours become
tranfmuted or counterchanged ; of all which I
ihall have occafion to fpeak hereafter in their
particular place.

If queftion happen to arife touching the right
of fome defolate place, or ruinated building, if
in digging up the_ mines, or taking up of the
foundation thereof, there be found any known
Coat-Armour ; the quellioned place ihall be ad-
judged to appertain to that Family, to whom
that Coat-Armour belongeth.

If any man be attainted or convicted of Trea-
fon, for betraying his Country, or of Herefie,
to the end he fhould be branded with a greater
note of infamy, his Arms are rafed, broken
down and utterly defaced.

Sometimes it falleth out that if a Noble Fa-
mily be extinguifhed by the death of the laft of
the fame fdeceafing without iifue) whereby the
bearing ol the Arms proper to that Lineage is
f.om thenceforth abolilhed : The Arms are in-
terred in the grave, together with the Corps of
the Delimit

After long trad of time, thefe Tokens which
we call Arms,became remunerations for fervice;
and were beftowed by Emperours, Kings, and
Princes, and their Generals and chiet Com-
manders in the field upon Martial men, whofe
valorous merits even in juftice, required due re-
compence of Honour anfwerable unto their
worthy aits, the remembrance whereof could
not better be preferved and derived unto pofte-
rity, than by thefe kinds of honourable Re-
wards. The firft we read of, that made this
ufe of them was Alexander the Great, being-
moved thereunto by the perfwaiion of Ariftotle
his Schoolmafter : who having obferved his
magnificent mind in rewarding bis Souldiers to
the full of their deferts, did at length prevail
with him fo much, as that lie cauied liim to
turn the Current of his Bounty another way,
and to recompence his Souldiers with thefe
Marks or Tokens of Honour ,• which he be-
ftowed on them as Hereditary teftimonies of
their glorious merits. In later Ages Charles
the Fourth the Emperour, gave Arms alfo un-
to Learned men, and fuch as had performed any
memorable fervice, or excellent work, there-
fore Bartholin, being a moll ex*ert man in
the Laws, and one of the Council of the faid
Charles the Fourth, received in reward for his
Arms from the faid Emperour, this Coat-Ar-
mour, -viz. Or, a Lion rampant his tail forked,
Gules, which afterward defcended fucceilively
to his Children and Pofterity. But Barthclus
(though he were a raoft Angular and perfect
Civilian) becaufe he was unexperienced in Mar-"
tial Difcip!ine,durft not at firft affume the bear-
ing of thofe Arms : But afterwards upon bet-
ter advice he bare them, knowing how unfit it
was to refufe a Reward given by fo Potent an
Emperour. And this was a noble Inftitutiori of
Charles the Fourth, that not only the Skilful
Profeflbrs of the Civil Laws, but the Learned
Proficients, and the Judicious Students in other
Arts and Profeflions, might receive remunera-
tion for their Vertues, Hottos enim alii Artes t
omnefque incendunUsr ad (India gloria. Air a.
Fra. fag.jb. And without all doubt there is
great reafon that Arms mould be diftributed
unto men renowned for their Learning and Wif-
dom, who with expence, even of their Lives
and Spirits in continual Study, to enable them-
felves fit for to ferve the Weal publick at home,
by Magiftracy, and Civil Government, wherein
they may no lefs merit reward of their Prince
at home, by their politick managing of Civil
Affairs, than the Martial man abroad with his
brandimed flaughtering Sword ; fithence they
oftentimes in their Civil Government, do pre-
fcribe limits to Martial affairs alfo, how far they
Ihall extend their power, according to that fay-
ing of Cicero ; Offlc. i. T 'arvi fitnt j "oris Arma,
ntfi e(l confdinm dofltf And this is the caufe
that Arms are given for remuneration in later
times, as well to Learned and Religious men,
as to Martial men ; yet not fo much for their

valour,

8 A Difplay of

valour , as for their wifdom, and to honour
them withal, according to the faying of a cer-
tain Author, Arma dantnr viris Religiofis ,
non 'propter ftremntatem, fed propter honorem,
quia honorabile efl Arma portare; ut'Dotfor
in legibus viginti annis per legem Armorum fi-
ct Miles, non tamen propter ejus firenuitatem,
fed propter ejus dignitatem.

The examples of thefc two Great Potentates
before mentioned, in remunerating their well
meriting Souldiers, faithful Servants and vertu-
ous and learned Subjeds, with thefe Signs or
Symbols called Arms ; the one,viz. Alexander
the Great, for fcrvice done in Wars ; the other,
namely Charles the Fourth, for politick mana-
ging of Civil Affairs by learning and wifdom at
home, have been imitated by divers Emperors,
Kings and Princes of fucceeding Ages, ufing
therein the miniftry of the Office of Heralds ;
as fubordinate Officers thereunto appointed
and authorized, referving always to themfelves
the fupreamjurifdicrionof Judging and Remu-
nerating perfons according to their Deferts ;
but ufing the miniftry of the Heralds, as for
fundry other ufes of great importance in a
State, fo alfo for the inventing and devifing of
congruent tokens of Honour, anfwerable to the
merits of thofe that {hall receive the fame : to
do which although there is a power teeming ab-
folute, committed to them by the Soveraign ;
yet the fame is reftrained into a power ordina-
ry, which is to devife with difcretion Arms,
correfpondent to the defert of the perfon, that
iTiall be thought worthy to have thefe honour-
able badges or tokens of honour bellowed upon
him.

Nov/ fithence we have had caufe here in this
Chapter to make mention of a Herald, it fhall
not be amifs to ihew what this word is, and its
natural lignification.

llere-heaulte. by abbreviation (as Verftegan
noteth) Herault, as alfo Heranld, doth rightly
fignifie the Champion of the Army ; and grow-
ing to be a Name of Office, he that in the Ar-
my hath the fpecial charge to denounce Wars,
or to challenge to Battle or Combat : in which
fenfe our name of Heranlte approacheth the
neareft to Fecialis in Latin.

CHAP. II.

SO much of fuch Notes as are necelTary to
be obferved for the better underftanding
of thefe things that fhall be hereafter de-
livered, touching the Subject of this Work.
Now we proceed to the pracrick exercife of
thefe Armorial tokens, which pertain to the
function of Heralds, and is termed Armory, and
■may be thus defined : Armory is an Art right-
ly prefcribing the true knowledg and ufe of
Arms.

Heraldry. Seft. I

Now like as in things natural the effects do
evermore immediately enfue their caufes, even
fo divifion which is a demonllration of the ex-
tent and power of things, muft by immediate
confequence follow definition, which doth ex-
prefs the nature of the thing defined. Divifion
is a diftribution of things common, into things
particular or lefs common. The ufe thereof
confifteth herein, that by the affiftance of this
divifion, words of large intendment and figni-
fication, are reduced to their definite and deter-
minate fenfe and meaning, that fo the mind of
the learner be not milled through the ambiguity
of words, either of manifold or uncertain in-
terpretations. Moreover it ferveth to illumi-
nate the underftanding of the learner, and to
make him more capable of fuch things as are de-
livered, Ea enim qua divijim traduutur jacili-
us intelliguntur.

The pracrife hereof fhall be manifefted in
the diftribution of the skill of Armory, with
all the parts and complements thereof through-
out this whole Work.

rBlazoning,
This Skill of Armory confifts of < and

tCMarihalling.

Albeit I do here make mention of the Mar-
Ihalling, or conjoyning of divers Arms in one
Shield, or Efcocheon ; neverthelefs, fithence it
is tar befides my purpofe,for the prefent to have
further to do with them (in this place) than on-
ly to nominate them ; for diftributions fake, I
will refervethis kind of Marihalling or conjoin-
ing of the Arms of diftinct Families in one Ef-
cocheon, unto a more convenient time and
place, peculiarly deftinated to that purpofe,and
I will proceed to the explication of thofe things
which do concern the firft member of this di-
ftribution, "uiz-. Blazoning.

Blazon is taken, either itrictly for an explica-
tion of Arms in apt and fignificant terms, or
elfe, it is taken largely for a difplay of the ver-
tues of the Bearers of Arms : in which fenfe
Chaffaneus defineth the fame in this manner,
Blazonia eft quaji alicujus "vera laudatio {ub
quibufdamjignis, fecuudum prudeutiam, julti-
tiam, fortitudinem & temperantiam. A cer-
tain French Armorift faith, that to Blazon is to
exprefs what the fhapes, kinds, and colour of
things born in Arms are,together with their apt
fignifications.

Like as definitions are forerunners of divifi-
ons, even fo divifions alfo have precedence of
rules. To fpeak properly of a rule, it may be
faid to be any ftraight or level thing, whereby
lines are drawn in a dired: and even form. In
refemblance whereof, we here underftand it,
to be a brief precept or inftrucf ion for knowing
or doing of things aright,as witnelleth Calepine,
faying, Regulaper tranflationem dicitur, bre-
vis rermn pneceptio, that is to fay, a compen-
dious or ready inftrudion of matters.

Rules are taken for brief documents prefcri-
bed for the delivery, or apprehenfion of fome

Art

Chap. II.

A Difylay of Heraldry.

Art or Science ; by thefe the wits and inven-
tions of men are much comforted and quick-
ned, according to the faying of Seneca, Lt-
geiiu vis pneceptit alititr is crefcit, non ali-
ter quam [antilla fi.it it levi adjuta , mrvafi
que ferjuafioues adjkit innatis , 8 defra-
vatas corngit. The force of wit is nourifh-
ed and augmented by Rules or Precepts ;
like as a ipark is kindled with a foft and
gentle fire , and do add new inducements and
perfwafions to thofe that are already appre-
hended, and correcleth fuch as are depraved
and vicious.

It follovveth therefore, by due order of con-
fequence, that I ihould annex fuch Rules as
are peculiar to blazon in genere. For other
particular Rules mull be referved to more
proper places.

The apteft Rules for this place, are thefe
immediately following: In Blazoning you muft
ufe an advifed deliberation before you enter
thereunto ; for having once begun , to recal
the fame , doth argue an inconfiderate for-
wardnefs meriting juft reprehenfion.

The more compendious your Blazon is, by
fo much is it holden the more commendable;
Quia quod brevnis eft ftemfer delecfabilius
habetur. Therefore you mull lliun multipli-
city of impertinent words in your Blazon ,
Frnjlra enim fic per plura quod fieri poteft
fer pandora.'. But herein you muft obferve
this Caution , that whilft you labour to be
compendious , you omit nothing material or
necelfary to be exprelfed : For as the one doth
eclipfe the undemanding, fo.the other isof-
fenfive to memory , as Ariftotle noteth, fay-
ing , Omms fermo , fi fit brevior quam opr-
tet , obfeurat iutelkttum , fi autem longior ,
difficile erit retentioni.

You muft take fpecial heed to words in
Blazon, for a different form in Blazoning ma-
keth the Arms ceafe to be the fame ; Di-
verfitas enim nominis inducet diverfitatem
rei , in tantnm quod nomina fttnt fignificati-
va rerum.

You muft not be too full of conceits in Bla-
zon, nor overforward in fpeech.

You muft ufe no iteration or repetition of
words in Blazoning of one Coat :

COf,

Especially of any of thefe four j Or,
words, vim. )And,

(With.

For the doubling of any of thefe, is counted
a great fault , infomuch as the offender here-
in is deemed unworthy to Blazon a Coat-
Armour.

In Blazoning yeu muft have regard of the
things that are born in Arms : as alfo where-
unto they may be reiembled, whether they
be natural or artificial , and fo to commend
them accordingly.

In the Blazoning of any Coat, you muft e-
vermore obferve this fpecial Rule. Firft to

begin with the Field, and, then proceed to
the Blazon of the Charge, if any be. More-
over , if the Field be occupied w itli fundry
things , whether the fame be of one or di-
vers kinds, you muft firft nominate that which
lieth next and immediately upon the Field ,
and then Blazon that which is more remote
from the fame. What Field, and Charge are
fliall be fhewed in their proper places ; In-
terim oportet diftentem credere.

Chajjaueus holdeth, that where the Chief
of an Efcocheon is of one colour or metal ,
or more , you fliall blazon the Chief firft ;
but I hold it more confonant to reafon, to
begin with the Field (becaufe of the priori-
ty thereof in nature , as alfo in refpeft that
it is the Continent) rather than with the
Charge, which is the thing contained, and
fo confequently laft in nature. Neverthelefs
the French Armorifts for the moft part do bla-
zon the Charge firft , and the Field after ,
which is a courfe meerly repugnant to na-
ture; by whofe prefcript order, the place
muft have precedence of the thing placed ,
and the continent of the thing contained :
wherefore our Heralds manner of blazon is
more agreable to reafon than theirs. There
be divers forms of blazon : A certain Dutch-
man, who lived in the time of King Henry
the Fifth, ufed to blaze Arms by the prin-
cipal parts of mans body , as Ab. Fra. wri-
teth, fag. 65. Malorques , a French-man,
made ufe of flowers for this purpofe. Fan-
con, an Englifh-man , who lived in the time
of King Edward the Third, performed it by
the days of the week. But in former times their
Predeceffors ufed only thefe three kinds follow-
ing: firft,by Metals and Colours; fecondly, by
precious Stones ; and thirdly, by the Celeftial
Planets. Out of which fundry forms, I have
made choice of thefe three laft which are
moft ancient and neceilary, in refpedr that
thefe, above alf other, do beft fit my pur-
pofe; which is, to apply to each particular
itate of Gentry , a blazon Correfpondent.
As for example , to Gentlemen having no
title of dignity , blazon by Metals and Co-
lours : to perfons ennobled by the Sove-
raign , by precious Stones : and to Emper-
ours, Monarchs, Kings and Princes, blazon by
Planets.

The two laft of thefe three fele&ed forms
are not to be ufed in the blazoning of the
Coat-Armours of Gentlemen that are not ad-
vanced to fome degree of Nobility, unlefs they
be rarely qualif.ed, or of fpecial defert.

Thefe feleded forms of blazon , do feem to
imply a neceflity of their invention; to the end
that as well by blazon,as by degree, Noblemen
might be diftinguiihed from Gentlemen , and
perfons of Majefty , from thofe of Noble
Lineage , that fo a due ^Decorum may be
obferved in each Degree , according to the
Dignity of their Perfons ; for that it is a
D thing

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Sed. I.

thing unfitting, either to handle a mean Ar-
gument in a lofty ftile , or a ftately Argu-
ment in a mean.

CHAP. III.

SO much of the Definition and general
Rules of Blazon. Now will I proceed
to the diftribution thereof.
The principal means of teaching, and the
chief part of Method confifteth in diftinetion,
therefore in the explanation or unfolding of
this Fabrick of Arms or Armorial Signs , I
will ufe fome manifeft kind of diftribution.

C Accidents,
The blazon of Arms confifteth^ and
in their (Parts.
I call thofe notes or marks Accidents of
Arms, that have no inherent quality or par-
ticipation of the Subftance or Eflence of them,
but may be annexed unto them , or taken
from them ; their Subftance (till remaining;
for fo doth 'Porphyrins define the fame, fay-
Accideus pot eft adeft'e & abeffe fine ftub-
jecli tnteritu. Accidents may be faid to be
Cofin-germans to Nothing : For fo , after a
fort , doth Ariftotlc reckon of them,' faying ,
Accideus videtitr ejfe propinquum non enti
Metaph.b. For they have no being of them-
felves, but as they are in things of being, or
annexed to them. As the fame Author fur-
ther noteth, Metaph. 7. Accidentia non junt
entia, nifi quia (mit entis.

Accidents and Forms do agree in this point,
that both the one and the other of them
being feparated from the Subftance, yet is not
the Subftance thereby altered from that it
was, but remaineth ftill the fame ; which oc-
cafioned many men to think that Forms were
Accidents. Thefe cannot alter the matter
or fubftance , becaufe they are not of the
main , but come upon the by , as it were.
Nihil enim tranfmutat materiam, nifi fit m
materia.

Accidents are in the fubject, , as paffio in
patirute, according to that faying, Accidens
ut eft in Jnbjecfo, non idem eft in fubjeclo
Jed ut eft paffio ejus, eft fibi idem.

Such Accidents as arc here meant< and '
are thefe, viz. (Differences.
Tincture is a variable hue of Arms, and

is common, as well to Differences of Arms as

to the Arms themfelves.

... r (Colours ,

And the fame is diftributed into < and

„ . CFurrs.

Colour may be faid to be an external die
wherewith any thing b coloured or ftained'
or elfe it may be laid to be the glofs of a
Body beautified with light.

And the Colour here mentioned is^anT''

* b ° th , ^ , CSpecial.
By general Colour, I underftand the pro-
per and natural colour of each particular
thing , whether the fame be Natural or Ar-
tificial, of what kind foever that are depicted
and fet forth in their external and proper
beauty. In this refpect all colours whatfi>
ever (without exception) may feem to per-
tain to this Art , for fo much as there is
nothing m tins world fubjected to the fiVht
of man, but either is, or aptly maybeboVn
in Arms; lo fpacious and general isthefcope
of Armory. In blazoning of things born in
their natural or proper colour, you ftall on-
y term them to be born proper, which is a
blazon fufficient for things of that kind, and
well fitting their property or nature, for
there are no terms of blazon allowed to things
born after that fort. 5
By fpecial Colours , I mean fuch colours',
as by a certain peculiar propriety (as it were")
do belong to this Art of Armory.

C Simple,
Thefe are both < and
CMixt.

Simple Colours are thofe , whofe exiftence
is of fuch abfolute perfection (in their kind)
as that they need not the participation of a-
ny other colour to make them abfolute but
do communicate their natural qualities to all
other colours, to make them perfect-, in which
refpect they are called elementa colons as
fhall be fhewed hereafter. '
C White,
And thofe are i and
(Black.

To thefe in right belongeth the firft place
amongft colours, becaufe in the order of na-
ture they were before all other colours i Trio-
ra enim ftunt compofitis incompofita: and are
of Ariftotle called Elementa colornm , faying
Albus ® niger (tint elementa colornm mech-
orum. Only White and Black are accounted
fimple Colours, becaufe all other colours what-
foever are raifed either of an equal or une-
qual mixture or compofition of thefe two
which are (as I may term them) their com-
mon parents. Thefe are faid to be the com-
mon parents of all other colours , in refpect
they have their original being from thefe ,
either in an equal or difproportionable mix-
ture. Therefore I will begin with them
and fo proceed to the reft that we call colo-
resmedii, in refpect of their participation of
both. Now for as much as practife is the
fcope of Doctrines ( to the end thofe things
that are , or ftall be delivered , may be the
better conceived or born in memory) I have
thought good to manifeft them by particular
examplesofoculardemonftration.intheplaineft
manner that I can devife, Quia quails eff rerum
demonftratio, talis fntnra eft bomimim fcientia.

Ex-

A Difplay of Heraldry.

1 1

Chap.III.

Examples and Demonftrations are of
great power arid efficacy to illuftrate and
bring things to light, wherein brevity, the
prop and aid of memory and fweet compa-
nion of facility, is highly commended, as Far-
nejjus noteth, faying , Nihil eft ad res illtt-
minandas illuftrius exemplu, in quibus bre-
vitas adjutrix memoria , facilitatis focia ,
ftemper eft commendata.

• White is a colour
that confifteth of very
much light , as it is of
Scribonius defined, Al-
bedo eft color /Implex
in corfore tenitiore mul-
\ J ta Imniuofitate conflaus :

\. y to which Black is con-

^v^j^'^ trary. Note, as colours
may be refembled to
things of greatefi: No-
bility or Reputation , lb is their worthi-
nefs accounted of accordingly.

The colour White is refembled to the
light , and the dignity thereof reckoned more
worthy than the Black , by how much the
light and the day is of more efteem than dark-
nefs and the night, whereunto black is likened.
Furthermore, white is accounted more wor-
thy than black , in refpedf. of the more wor-
thy ufe thereof. For men in ancient time
were accuflomed to note things well and
laudably performed (and efteemed worthy to
be kept in memory) with white, and contra-
riwife , whatfoever was holden reproachful
or difhonourable, was noted with black, as the
Poet noteth , faying,

Qua laudanda forentfS qua cnlpaitda vicijjini,
TUa frius creta , mox hac carbone notafti.

Moreover, white challengeth the preceden-
cy of black ( according to Upon ) in refpecT:
of the priority of time , for that it was in
nature before black , which is a deprivation
thereof: Like as darknefs, whereunto black
is refembled, is an exemption of light , Omnu
enim pnvatioprafupponit habitum. Finally,
Upton preferreth white before black, in re-
gard that white is more eafily difeerned, and
further feen in the Field.

This colour is mod commonly taken in
Blazon for tlie metal Silver, and is termed Ar-
gent, wherefoever the fame is found, either
in Field or Charge. This metal reprefenteth
Water,_ which (next to the Air) is the no-
bleft of all the Elements, and in Armory it
is termed Argent , for that it approacheth
near to the Luminary Bodies. To this metal
is given the fecond place next to Gold , in
regard that the Armory cannot be good, that
hath not in it either Gold or Silver: It
alfo, for another caufe, bare the refemblance
of Water , which fcoureth , cleanfeth , and

putteth away all filth and uncleannefs : For
in Blazon it betokeneth innocency, clean-
nefs of life and chaftity ; amongft Complexi-
ons it is likened to flegm. As for the elteem
of this metal Silver, we may obferve in all
Ages , that Emperours , Kings , and Princes
had, and yet have, their Vellels of chief ufe
of Silver. As for the abundance of this me-
tal , you may read % Chrou. g, how every
man brought unto Solomon prefents, being
Vejfels of Silver and Vejfels of Gold , and
Rayment and Armour , and fn-ect Odors ,
Horfes and Mules from year to year. And
the King gave Silver in Jerufalem as Stones,
&c. Such was the plentiful abundance of
this metal in the days of Solomon. In com-
pofition of Arms , it is accounted a fault wor-
thy blame to Blazon this otherwifc than Ar-
gent; but in doubling of Mantles it is not
lo taken : for therein it is not underflood
to be a metal, but die skin or furr of a lit-
tle Beaft called a Litnite , fo named (as I
conceive) of Lithuania, now called Luten, a
part of Sarmatia , confining upon Tolonia.
This Furr hath been heretofore much ufed
by the ancient Matrons of the honourable Ci-
ty of London , even by thofe that were of
the chiefeft account, who ware the fame in a
kind of Bonnet, called corruptly a Lett ice Cap.

Black is a colour
Contrary to White , ha-
ving little participati-
on of light , and is of
Scribonius thus defin-
ed, Nigredo eft color in
corpore craffiori exi-
gna luminofitdtis parti-
ceps. Whereby it is

apparent that black is
of lefs perfection than
white. For what thing foever there is that
hath in it either light or heat, or elfe a life,
either Animal or Vegetable, the fame being
once extinct, the thing it felt' becometh forth-
with black, which is laid to be the colour of
horrour and deftruction ; for which refpedf.
mourning Garments are made of that colour,
that doth mod fignificantly reprefent the
horrour of death and corruption , Faruef. 5.
104. This colour is called in blazon Sable,
of the Latin word Sabulum, which fignifieth
grofs fand or gravel , in refpect of the hea-
vy and earthy fubfbance, wherein it abound-
eth above all others. And this colour is re-
puted far inferiour in dignity to white , arid
is likened to darknefs, called in Latin Tene-
bra , eb quod teneant , id eft, impediant oat-
hs, ZSvijitmprohibeaut. Note that the reft
of thofe fpecial colours before mentioned, be-
fides white and black , are called Color es me~
dii, for that they have their primary Elfence
from thefe, either by an equal or uneven con-
corporation or mixture of thefe two together:
D 7. an<J

A Eifylay of Heraldry.

Se& I.

*! :
ii'i

If I

and in regard of tliefe two extremes , from
which they have their being, cannot proper-
ly be called Colores, nifi per participationem.
This colour is in Heraldry blazoned Sable ,
and is exprelfed in Graving by lines hatch-
ed crofs each other.

Now as touching Colores medii , or mixed
Colours, it is to be underftood that they are
raifed by the contemperation or mixture of the
two Simples formerly handled, as may appear
by the Definition of Scribonius , who faith,
Mixtns color eft, qui ex Simplicium contem-
peratione producitur.

All mixt or miclling Colours, that we call
Colores medii, are reckoned more Noble, or
Ignoble, by participation ; that is to fay, as
they do partake more or lefs of the nobi-
lity of white , which is refembled to light ■
or of black , which hath a relemblance of
darknefs , or deprivation of light.

' Exadly compounded of

both Simples.
'Declining more to the
)one than to the other,in
an unequal proportion.

Of thefe according to
Scribonius foxas. are

That Colour which
is faid to be exactly com-
pounded, doth partici-
pate of the two Simples
indifferently in a juft
proportion , as Red;
which Scribonius thus
defmeth, Rubedo ejl co-
lor tequali fimul Albedi-
nis \3 Nigredinis combi-
nationc conftans. A-
mongft Colours (next after Metals)this Colour,
Vermilion , or Red, hath the prime place ,
forafmuch as it reprefenteth the Fire,which
of all other Elements, is the moft lightfome,
and approacheth neareft to the quality and
vertue of the Sun: In regard whereof it was
ordained, That none fhouJd bear this Colour
{_ which betokeneth rioblenefs of Courage ,
and valorous magnanimity) but perfons of
honourable birth and rank , and men of fpe-
cial defert. This colour inciteth courage and
magnanimity in perfons that do grapple to-
gether in fmgle or publick fight. We read,
that thofe that ftrengthened their Bat-
tels with Elephants, when they would pro-
voke them to fight , they produced before
them refemblances of this martial Colour, as
the blood of Grapes and of Mulberies. This
Colour is likened to the precious Rubie. A-
mongft Vermes it is compared to magnani-
mity -or boldiiefs of Courage. And amongft
the Complexions it is refembled to Choler.
In Armory it is called Gules. And it is ex-
prelfed in Graving by Lines drawn ftreight
down the Efcocheon.

This Colour is
bright Yellow ,
which is compound-
ed of much White,
and a little Red, as
if you Ihould take
two parts of White,
and but one of Red.
This colour in Arms
is blazed by the
name of Or, which
is as much to fay as AurunLvihidi is Gold: And
it is commonly called Gold Yellow, becaufe it
doth lively reprefent that moft excellentMetal,
the polfeflion whereof inchanteth the hearts
of Fools , andi the colour whereof blindeth
U:he eyes of ttie Wife. Of the excellency of
"his Metal, Hejiodus hath 'this faying : Au-
rttm ejl Corporibus Jicut Sol inter Stellas.
And therefore fuch is the worthinefs of this
Colour , which doth refemble it , that (_ as
Chriftine de Tice holdeth) none ought to
bear the fame in Arms , but Emperours and
Kings, and fuch as be of the Blood Royal,
though indeed it be in ufe more common.
And as this Metal exceedeth all other in va-
lue, purity , and finenefs, fo ought the Bear-
er (as much as in him lieth) endeavour to
furpafs all other in Prowefs and Vertue. It
is expreffed in Graving by Pricks or Points.

This Colour is Green,
which confifteth of more
Black, and of lefs Red ,
as appeareth by the De-
finition ; Virid'n eft color
Nigredine copiojiore , S3
Rubedineminore contem-
peratus. This Colour it,
blazoned Vert, and is
called in Latin Viridit,
a vigore, in regard of the ftrength, frelhnefs,
and hvelinefs thereof; and therefore beftre-
fembleth youth , in that moft Vegetablcs.fo
long as they flourilh, are beautified with this
verdure ; and is a Colour moft wholefome
and pleafant to the eye , except it be in a
young Gentlewomans Face. This Colour is
exprelfed in Graving by Lines drawn towards
the right hand.

Blew is a Colour which
confifteth of much Red ,
and of little White , and
doth reprefent the Colour
of the Skie in a clear Sun-
fhining day. This in Bla-
zon is termed Azure. Cos-
ruleus color , d Ccelo di-
Bus eft, quod tanquam fo-
lers & diligens nefcit o-
tiari. Eirnef.z. 18. In Graving, this Colour
is expreffed by Lines drawn crofs the Shield.

Purpure

Chap. III.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Purpure is a Colour
that confifteth of much
Red , and of a fmall
quantity of Black , and
is thus defined ; Tur-
pureus color eft, qui a
mult a RubedinefS pau-
ciore Nigredine coni-
mifcetur. Chaffaneus ha-
ving formerly handled
thole former fix Colours,
viz. White, Black, Red, Yellow, Green, and
Blew, faith , that of them all (being com-
pounded and mixed together according to
proportion ) this Purpure Colour is raifed.
This Colour ufually hath no other name, in
Blazon.

Purpure Colour hath fome refemblance of
a withered red Rofe , which after long ga-
thering , the glorious luftre thereof fading,
becometh fomewhat blackifli , as if it
were a proportionable commixture of Red
and Black together. This Colour hath its
Denomination of a certain Filh called in La-
tin Turpura , a kind of Shell-fifh , whereof
in times paft, great More have been found
near to that famous City of Tyrus , fituated
next to the Sea-coaft in the Country of
Thmuicta : this kind of Filh hath in the mouth
of it an excellent and precious liquor, or juyce,
of fingular ufe in dying of Cloaths , the in-
vention and ufe whereof was firfl found out
by the Tyrians , for which caufe this Colour
is called Tyrius Color. They muft be taken
alive , and that chiefly in the Spring Seafon,
at which time this juyce is molt plentiful in
them , at other Seafons it is rrjore fcarce :
They are gathered alive, and call: together
on a heap , that fo by their continual moti-
on they may vent out this rich liquor toge-
ther with their fpirit , which done in fome
near place or other provided for the clean
keeping thereof, it is taken up and fpared
for neceflary purpofes. This Colour , in an-
cient time, was of that precious efteem , as
that none but Kings and Princes , and their
Favourites, might wear the fame, as we may
fee, 2Xz». j. 16. Now if thou canft read the
writing , mid Jliew me the interpretation
thereof , thou halt be clothed with Turtle,
and jbalt .have a chain of Gold about thy
■neck. Alfo , 1 Macchab. 10.20. And Alex-
ander, fettt Jonathan a Turple Robe , and a
Crown of Gold. And again ; When his Ac-
cusers [aw his Honour as it was proclaimed,
and that he was cloathed in Turple , they
fled all away. Hereof (perhaps) it cometh
that this Colour is found of fo rare ufe in
Armorial Signs. Moreover itisfaidj And

the King commanded that they fljould take
off the Garment of Jonathan, and cloath him
in Turple, and Jo they did, 1 Macchab. is.
62.

Tawny (faith Leigh)
is a Colour of Worlhip,
and of fome Heralds
it is called Brusk, and
is mod commonly borri
of French Gentlemen,
but very few do bear
it in England. In Bla -
zdn it is known by the
name of Tenue. It is
( faith he ) the fureft
Colour that is ( of fo bright a hue , being
compounded ) for it is made of two bright
Colours , which are Red and Yellow : nei-
ther fhall you have any Colour fo made a-
mong all that may be devifed ; and not to
be ftainand.

The lad of the fe-
ven mixed Colours ,
we do commonly call
Murrey, but in Blazon,
Sanguine , and is ( as
molt truly faith Leigli)
a Princely Colour, be-
ing indeed one of the
Colours appertaining of
ancient time to the
Prince of Wales. It
is a Colour of great eftimation , and very
ftately , and is in ufe in certain Robes of the
Knights of the Bath. Some Heralds, of ap-
proved Judgment, do hardly admit thefe two
laft mentioned for Colours of Fields , in re-
gard they are reckoned Stainand Colours.
Yet fome Coats of Arms there are, and thofe
of reverend Antiquity, whofe Fields are of
thofe Colours , for which refpect they have
been allowed for Colours of Fields , as Sir
John Feme , in his Glory of Generofity, no-
teth. This kind of bearing, Leigh doth in-
ftance in two Englilh Gentlemen of ancient
Houfes, that have of long time born Tawny
in their Arms ; the one of them he nameth
Hounzaker , and the other Finer s.

I have purpofely,' for the avoiding of
prolixity, omitted here to fpeak of the Ele-
ments, Vertues and Complexions which eve-
ry one of thefe Metals and Colours are re-
fpeclively refembled unto , becaufe Feme ,
in his Blazon of Gentry , hath a large Dif-
courfe of the fame fubjed , to which I re-
fer r the Reader,

t H A.P,

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Sed. I

CHAP. IV.

Hitherto of Colours and Metals: Now
of" Furrs, according to the Series and
Courfe of our Diltribution before de-
livered, pag. 10.

Furrs ( ufed in Arms ) are taken for the
Skins of certain Beafts , ftripped from the Bo-
dies , and artificially trimmed , for the fur-
ring , doubling , or lining of Robes and Gar-
ments, ferving as well for State and Magni-
ficence , as for wholfome and necelfary ufe.
And thefe thus trimmed and imployed, are
called in Latin pellicei, a pellendo , of driv-
ing away, ( quite contrary in fenfe, though
like in found , to fellices , a fellicendo , for
drawing all to them) becaufe they do re-
pel and rcfift the extremities of cold , and
preferve the Bodies that are covered with
them in good temperature.

Thefe are ufed as well in doublings of the
Mantles pertaining to Coat- Armours , as in
the Court-Armours themfelves.

COne colour alone,
Furrs do confift either< or,
of cMore colours than one.

That Furr that con-
fifteth of one Colour
alone, is White, which
in doubling is taken
for the Limits Skin ,
before fpoken of, p.i i .
An example whereof
we have in this Efco-
cheon. Some perhaps
will expect, that in
the handling of thefe
Furrs , I fhould purfue the order of Gerard
Leigh , who giveth the preheminence of
place unto Ermyn, for the dignity and ri-
ches thereof : but that form fuiteth neither
with the Method that I have prefixed to my
felt"; nor yet with the Order of Nature,
which ever preferreth Simples before Com-
pounds , becaufe of their priority in time :
For as Ariftotle faith, Trior a flint conipofi.
lis incompofita : which order , as it is of all
other the moft reafonable, certain, and infal-
lible , fo do I endeavour by all means to
conform my felf, in thefe my poor Labours,
thereunto : Natura enim regttur ab intelli-
gentia nan erraute. Note that this, and all
other the Examples following throughout
this Chapter (as they are here placed) muft
be underftood to be doublings or linings of
Robes , or Mantles of State , or other Gar-
' n ei i tS ' wllerein ( according to Leigh ) they
all have one general Name, and are called
Doublings j but in Efcocheons they are cal-
led by Nine proper and feveral Names.
What thofe Mantles are, mall be fhewed
hereafter, when I come to the handling of

the fecond Member of Divifion before made
In the blazoning of Arms , this Colour is e
vermore termed Argent , unlefs it be in th(
defcription of the Arms of one that is Reu.
Laftie Majeflatis : but being a doubling, it I
no offence ( faith Chrijime de Tice ) to cal
it White , becaufe therein it is to be under-
ftood only as a Furr or Skin.

Furrs confifting of more thaiA Two Colours,
one Colour , are either of ) or >

(More than two.

, Black mixtC Ermyn,
'[with BlackA with vvhiteW and
and are ei- J or, cErmyns.
ther SBlack mixtC Ermynois
/with Yel- I and
™!, ( low, as CPean.

pounded 1
of two Co- "\
lours only,
are forred

either. without fVerrey, fez. A. andB.
Black; fuch j
are,accord-<^ and
ing to \

^Leigh, (Verrey, Or, and Vert.

Knowledge is no way better or more rea-
dily attained than by Demonftration : Scire e-
ntm eft per demonftrationem intelligere, faith
Ariftotle. I will therefore give you parti-
cular example of their feveral Bearings

,f.4.:.4/.i,..4 ...

a4JL 4

Ermyn is a Furr con-
fifting of White, diftin-
guiihed with black
loots. Albane Earl of
Brittain , unto whom
William the Conqueror
gave the Earldom of
Richmond, and Honour
of Middlejlmm , bore
this Coat. You mull:
Blazon this by the name
of Ermyn, and not Argent powdred witli Sa-
ble. This is the Skin of a little Beaft , lefs
than a Squirrel (faith Leigh') that hath his
being in the Woods of the Land of Arme-
nia, whereof he taketh his name. The tail
thereof is of a Thumbs length , which is of
colour brown. The ./Egyptians did propofe
this little Beaft for an Hieroglyphick of Cha-
ftity , Farnef.lib. -L.fol. ij. So greatly is this
little Beaft affected unto cleannefs, as that fhe
had rather expofe her felf to the hazard of
being killed, or taken by the Hunters , than
fhe would pollute her Coat with the filth of
the Bird-lime laid before the entrance of the
Cave to take her at her going in. Leigh , in
the former part of his Accidence, fo/. i ?2.
feemeth therein to contradict himfelf, in that
he affirmeth Ermyn to be no Colour , but a
Compound with a Metal, and ferveth as Me-
tal only. For mine own part , I do not fee

how

Chap. III.

A Diffky of Heraldry.

how in doubling of Mantles it fhould be
reckoned a Metal, for that all doublings or
linings of Robes and Garments, though per-
haps not altogether , yet chiefly are ordain-
ed for the repelling of cold and weathers
drift : to which ufe Metals are moft unfit, as
King Dionyfins declared , when coming into
a Church where the Images were attired in
molt rich golden Robes, he took them a-
way, faying , Such Garments were too cold
fir Winter , and to heavy fir Summer. A
fair pretence to cloak his Sacrilegious Ava-
rice. The fame Author in his faid Accidence,
fil.jy. making mention of this Furr, taketh
occafion to commend a late prefcribed order
for the diftribution of this rich and rare Furr,
according to the dignity of the perfons to
whom the wearing thereof is allowed, which
is this ; That an Emperour , a King , or a
Prince, may have the powdering in their
Apparel as thick fet together as they pleafe .-
a Duke may have in his Mantles cape,only
four Ratings or Ranks of them : a Marquis
three Ratings and a half: an Earl a cape of
three Ratings only. In fome Coats thefe are
numbrcd , but then they extend not to the
number of ten. Thefe rows or ranks before
named are of fome Authors called Timbers
of Ermyn : for no man under the degree of
a Baron , or a Knight of the molt honoura-
ble Order of the Garter, may have his Man-
tle doubled with Ermyn.

This is that other
Furr, before mentioned,
to confift of a mixture
of White and Black,
and hath fome refem-
blance of the former :
but difFereth in this;
that where that is com-
pofed of White powder-
ed with black ; contra-
riwife this is Black
powdered with White. But neither in that,
nor in this, mall you make any mention in
Blazon of any fuch Mixtures, but only ufe
the name appropriated to either of them
which doth luffisiently exprefs the manner of
their compofition to the undemanding of
thofe that are but meanly skilled in Blazon-
the name peculiarly allotted to this Furr, is
Ermyns.

Mr. Bofweli is of this Opinion, That Er-
myn and Ermyns ought never to be forted
m Arms with the Metal of their colour be-
caufe (laith he) they are but Furrs,'and
have no proper Blazon with anv Metal. Yet
doth he particularly Blazon the Coat of Wal-
">t, fit. ic6. in the Atchievement of the Ri^ht
Honourable Lord, Sir William Cecil Knicht
fete Lord Treafurer of England, where he
mignt fitly have taken exception againft fuch
bearing, if he could have produced any good

ground for warranting fuch his Opinion; in
default whereof he there pafleth the fame
over with filence, knowing that Antiquity
and Cuftome (which hath the vigour of a
Law , where there is no Law written ) are
powerful in things of this nature : he fecret-
ly relinquifheth his Opinion , forafmuch as it
is manifeft , that not only Walcot, but Kings-
well, and many others, both ancient and mo-
dern, have ufed fuch bearing without contra-
diction.

lajlj,.* >b 4 ,.,1

.'A--A.-3.-.1 ...

Of thofe Furrs be-
fore mentioned, that are
compounded of Yellow
and Black , this is the
firft, and is termed in
blazon,Ermynois,whofe
Ground or Field is Yel-
lowed the Powdrings
Black. Though this be
rich in Arms (faith
Leigh) yet in doubling
it b not fo rich. Of the ufe of this Furr,
Bara maketh mention in his Book, entituled
Le Blazon des Armoiries, p.iq. and Ed el.
Hiryfen , in his Book , entituled, Le Jardyii
d' Armoiries , in the Arms of Lee/welt.

This is that other
Furr compofed of the
fame Colours , but di-
fpofed in a contrary
manner to the former;
for whereas that conl
fifteth of Yellow pow-
dered with Black , this
is Black powdered
with Yellow; and in
Blazon is termed Pean.

Thefe are other forts of Furrs or Doub-
lings confifting alfo of two only Colours
which as they are much different in form '
fo do they alfo receive a diverfe Blazon
from thefe before fpecified, which are thefe
that follow, and their like.

He beareth Verrey,
Or and Gules, by the
name of Ferrers , and
is the Coat of Jo.Fer-
'■rers of Walton upon
Trent in Derby/hire,
Efquire. In Coats of
this fort of bearing, in
cafe where it m3y be
holden doubtful whe-
ther fhould have the precedence, the Colour
or the Metal ; the Metal mull have the pre-
eminence as the moft worthy. The French
men, from whom we do borrow our terms
of Blazon , do call all forts of Doublings or
Furrs of this form , by the name of Vaire ;

per-

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

Sefi. I.

perhaps , Quia ex dit-erfis coloribus alterna-
tim •variautur. To this fort of bearing, there
arc no other terms of Blazon allowed. If
your Vaire doth confift of Argent and Azure,
you mult in Blazon thereof, fay only, He
beareth Vaire ; and it fufficeth : but if it be
compofed of any other Colours, then you
mult fay, He beareth Vaire of thefe or thofe
Colours. The Latin Blazoners , making men-
tion of this fort of bearing, do thus defcribe
them, Tortat arma variata ex pellibus al-
bis (§ caruleu, accounting them for Skins of
little Beafts. For that in ancient times they
were ufed for linings of Robes, and Mantles
of Senators, Confuls , Emperours- and Kings,
and thereupon are skilfully termed Doublings.
Of this ufe of them , Alex.ab Alex. Genial.
dierum,lib.^. fol. z8f. faith, Legimns C ali-
guhim deplBas . ptnulas indm^e.

Sometimes it was permitted to men grown
to years, to ufe a kind of fhort Cloak, called
Pemila, in time of wars, though it were in
fubftance but fleight and thin : For Alexan-
der Severus the Emperour , in favour of a-
ged men , did grant them a Priviledge for
wearing of this kind of Garments : W'olf.La-
zius, lib.%. The Garments of the Tribune of
the People, and of the 'Plebeian Sect, were
moft commonly this Penula before mention-
ed; like as alfo was Sagum, which was a
Souldiers Cloak or Callock , and Endromis ,
which was an hairy Garment much like an
Irifh Mantle and , Hood. Thefe were apt
Garments for repelling of Cold. Thefe were
not Habits befeeming an Emperour, or chief
Commander to wear ; neverthelefs we read
that Caligula ware oftentimes DepiBas Pe-
fiulas, Alex. lib. 5. Amongft the reft this
is to be obferved , That Confuls were habi-
ted fometimes in Coat-Armors, called Palu-
damenta, and fometimes in Kittles called Tra-
iea, which was a kind of Garment worn by-
Kings under their Mantles of State. So that
they were fometimes faid to be Trabeati ,
and fometimes to be Paludati , according to
thefe feveral Habits. Alfo the LiBores were
Officers that ufually attended thefe Confuls,
and were like unto Sergeants , or Minifters
appointed to inflict corporal punilhment up-
on Offenders, and were moft commonly in
number Twelve. Thefe alfo attended the
Confi il to the wars , invefted alfo with Coat-
Armour.

Concerning thofe DepiBa Penult former-
ly mentioned , they are faid to have been
in ufe with Emperours of later Ages, that
were addicted to wantonnefs and delicacy ,
whereof Tranauillus in Caligula , writeth in
this manner , Veftitu , calceatuque fS catero
habitu, necwe fatrio , neque amli , ac ne vi-
rili qnidem, ac denique lion humano jemfer
■ufus eft : [ape depiBas gemmatafque Penulas
indutus. Wolf. Lazius in Comment. Reip.lib.
8. 857. If you obferve the proportion of this

Vaire, you fhall eafily difcern the very fhape
of the Cafe or Skin of little Beafts in them;
for fo did ancient Governours and Princes of
the World (faith Sir John Feme in Lac.
Nob.fag.69i) line their pompous Robes with
Furr of divers Colours, fewing one Skin to
another, after the plaineft falhion. There is
yet another kind of Furrs much differing from
all other the Furrs before expreifeJ, not on-r
ly in lhape , but in name alfo , as in Ex-
ample.

This fort of Furr or
Doubling was (as Leigh
noteth) of fome old He-
ralds called Varry Cup-
py , and Varry Taffa ,
which (faith he) is as
much to fay , as a Furr
of Cups ; but himfelf
calleth it Meire , forfo
he reckoneth it well.
Blazoned, very ancient, and a Spanifh Coat.
But I hold it better Blazoned, Potent coun-
terpotent, for the rcfemblance it hath of the
Heads of Crotches , which Chaucer calleth
Potents, Quia potentiam tribnunt infirmis ,
as appeareth in his Defcription of Old Age,
in the Romant of the Roje.

So eld Jloe was that Jlje ne -went
A foot, but it were by potenti

So much of Furrs confifting of two Colours
only : now of fuch as are compofed of more
than two Colours , according to the Divifion
before delivered.

Such are thefe, and $ Erm y nites -

their like, vix'.f*i c _ ,

Ivaireormany Colours.

This, at the firfl
fight , may feem to be
all one with the fecond
Furr, before in this
Chapter expreffed, but
differeth in this , that
herein is added one
hair of Red on each
fide of every of thefe
Powderings. And as
this differeth little in
fliape and fhew from the fecond Furr , na-
med Ermyn ; fo doth it not much differ from
the fame in name, that being called Ermyn,
and this Ermynites.

The other Furr that is compofed of more
than two Colours, is formed of four feveral
Colours at the leaft, as in Example^

Thjs

Chap. V.

A Biff lay of Heraldry.

This differeth much
from all the otherFurrs,
and ( according to
Leigh~) mull be bla-
zoned Vaire ; this is
compofed of four di-
ftinci colours, vixA Ar-
gent , Gules, Or, and
Sable. Here I will
note unto you a ge-
neral Rule that you muft carefully obferve,
not only in the blazoning of thefe Furrs,but
generally of all Coat-Armours, w'.s.that you
defcribe them fo particularly and plainly , as
who fo heareth your Blazon , may be able
to trick or exprcfs the form and true por-
traiture thereof, together with the manner
of bearing , no lefs perfectly, than if he had
done it by fome pattern thereof laid before
him.

■ Although I have here in the Blazon of
this kind of Furr , as alfo in the Table of
this firft Section put a difference between
thele three words, Vaire, Verrey, and Var-
rey^, in afcribing to every one of thefe a
particular property in the Blazon of Furrs
differing in Metals and Colours ; in which I
muft confefs , 1 have followed Leigh ; yet I
do for my own part rather agree with Sir
John Feme, who in the S6.pag. of hisBook
entituled Lacy's Nobility, writeth, That there
is no other blazon allowed to a Doubling or
Furr of this nature, than only Vaire, or vari-
ated ; for which word variated I have ob-
i'erved , that our Englilh Elazoners ufe Ver-
rey , from the French Mafculine Participle ,
■vaire' ; and Sir John Feme there further faith'
That thefe differences of terms, Verrey, Var-'
rey, and Vaire, are meer phantafies of Leigh
his Blazon , and newly by him devifed, with-
out any authority of Writers to inferr the
fame : And that -before Leigh his time , all
Authors had called this fort of Furr or T)oiib-
ling, Vaire: And if it be varied, or compo-
fed of Argent and Azure , then it is fo cal-
ed , and no Colours named : but if it confifl
of any other Colour, then it is blazonedVaire,
of fuch and fuch Colours. And I lhall here-
after in this my prefent Edition , always
blazon a Furr of this nature , of what Me-
tal and Colours foever compofed , vea , al-
though it confift of two Metals 'and two
Colours , Vaire or Verrey , alwavs naming
the Metal and Colour , except it/ confifteth
of Argent and Azure : And thus concluding
the Chapter of Tinclures, being the firft kind
of Accidents of Arms , I will now go on to
the fecond forr.

CHAP. V.

HAving hitherto handled the firft part of
the diftribution before delivered touch-
ing the Accidents , viz. Tinclure : I
will now go forward to handle that other
member of the fame , namely , Differences ;
fliewing firft what Differences are ; and fo
proceed in order to the Divifion of them.

But before I proceed to the definition and
divifion ot them , it is not unneceflary to ob-
ferve, That Armsmayberefembledto Arith-
metical numbers, for like as in numbers , the
addition , or fubtradion of an unity, nlaketh
the faid number to receive a diverfe form
from that it hath before ; in like manner by the
appofition to , or exemption of any one thing
from the Coat-Armour, be it either difference"
or whatfoever elfe , the Coat-Armour is not
the fame , but varieth from that it was before.
This variation (occafioned by the addition or
exemption of fome adventitious tiling ) ne-
verthelefs altereth not the fubftance of the
Coat- Armour, but makcth the fame to dif-
fer in form only from that it was before ;
for thefe adventitious Appofitions are of the
nature of Accidents , whofe property is Adeffe
® abejfejTne (ubjecti corruptions, as I have
formerly fhewn out of Torfhyrius,f.i6.

Differences have no exiftenceof themfelves
but are of the quality of AdjecTives, which'
need the ayd and lupport of fome fubflantive
to be annexed to them, and were devifed'
for the dffnnguiming of Coat-Armour, ofpar-
ticular perfons, of one and the fame familv
each from other among themfelves , accord-
ing to that faying of Chaff. Differentia lunt
quadam aceidentia per fenon exiftentia, qua
inducunt diverfhatem (cparativam, perquam
dignofcuntur taliaArma,m quibus (nut mferta
abarmis alter -ins. But I will proceed to the
definition and divifion of Differences.

Differences are extraordinary additaments
whereby Bearers of the fame Coat-Armour
are dmingmfhed each from other, and their
nearnefs to the principal Bearer is Demon-
ftrated.

Q Ancient,
Of Differences fome are<

I Modern.

Thofe I call ancient Differences , that
were ufed in ancient time for the diftinguilh-
mg, not only of one Nation or Tribe from a-
nother, but alfo to note a diverfity between
particular perfons, defcended out of one Fa-
mily , and from the fame Parents. Such are
Bordures and Imborduring of all forts. The
Bordures that were annexed unto Coat-Ar-
mours, in the beginning were plain , and ("in
all likelyhood^) were of Fome one of the Co-
lours or Meals before fpokenof: But after-
wards in procefs of time ( by reafon of the
multiplication of Perfons and of Families )
E men

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

Se&ih

men were conttrained to devifa other forts
of Bordures , to induce a variety , whereby
each particular perfon might be diftincUy
known, and differenced ab omnibus wfingutts
ejufdem domus & familia. Of thefe there
are divers forms, as by thefe examples follow-
ing may appear.

The firft devifed Bor-
dures were born plain ,
after the manner of this,
which is thus blazoned.
*ie beareth Argent, a
bordure Gules. Here
you fhall not need to
mention the plainnefs
of the bordure ; for when
you fay a bordure of
this or that colour or metal , and no more ,
then it is always underflood to be plain, al-
beit the fame be not fo expreffed. But if it
have any other form than plain, infuchcafe
you muft not omit to make exprefs mention of
the faihion thereof.

The plain Bordure,ufed for differing of Coat-
Armour, is refembled to thofe Fimbria's, or
Bordures, that Almighty God , by the mouth
of his Servant Mofes , commanded the Ifrae-
lites to wear about the skirts of their Gar-
ments , to put them in mind of their duties
touching their obfervation of his Precepts ;
In refpect that the people were yet rude ,
and unexercifed in obedience, therefore was
this Ordinance prefcribed unto them ; as St.
Hierom noteth in thefe words : Rudi adhuc
populo, & hominibus ad obedientiam infuetk,
j>er Moyfen imperatur a Domino : ut in fig-
mim memoria quod pracepta Domini recor-
deutur , per fingulas •veflirnentorum fimbria:
habeant cum cocco Byacinthini coloris Infig-
tiia, ut etiam cafu hue illucque refpicienti-
bus oculis , mandatorum Cceleftium memoria
nafcatnr. Of thefe Bordures were the Pha-
rifees reproved by Chrift, becaufe they per-
verted tne ufe thereof, by wearing them,
not for the putting of them in mind of the
obfervation of Gods Precepts, but for a bra-
very , and their own vain oftentation , and to
the end they would feem more ftrict and fe-
vere obfervers of Gods Precepts, than others
were.

The Content of the Bordures (faith Leigh")
is the fifth part of the Field. Alfo it is to be
obferved, that when the Field and the Circum-
ference or Tract about the fame, drawn (as
in this example} be both of one Metal, Co-
lour or Furr , then fhall you not term it a
Bordure, but you fliall fay , that he beareth
fuch Metal, Colour or Furr imbordured.
Leigh reckoneth this fort of imborduring
here fpokenof, to be of the number of Dif-
ferences of Brethren ; but Bartol (faith he)
hath committed the distribution thereof to the
Heraulds.

Before I proceed to the Compound Bor-
dures - above fpecified, I will give fome few
Examples of other feveral forms of fimple
Bordures ; ( Quia fimplicia prior a fuerunt
compofitis) as followeth.

He beareth Sable , a
Bordure ingrailed, Ar-
gent. Tins word in-
grailed, is derived from
the Latin word Ingre-
dior, which (ignifieth to
enter , or go in : Quia
ijia tinea ex qua coufi-
citur Bordura, Campum
plus aquo ingrediatur.
Or elfe it is derived of Gradus , which fig-
nifieth a ftep or degree , and thereof it is
called a Bordure ingrailed ; Quia (as Up ton
noteth ) ejus color gradatim hifertur in Cam-
pum Armorum.

The next fort of Bordure that I will note
unto you, is a Bordure invecked ; and the fame
is formed as appeareth in this next Efcocheon.

This Bordure is form-
ed meerly contrary to
the laft precedent, and
is blazoned in this
manner. He beareth
Or, a Bordure invecked,
Gules. As the former
doth dilate it felf by
way of incroaching
into the Field, contra-
riwife this doth contract it felf by inverfion
of the points into it felf; in regard whereof
( it feemeth ) it receiveth his denomination,
and is called Invecked , of the Latin word
Iuveho, which fignifieth, To carry in : Quia
ipfa Unea gibbofa , in borduram plus aquo
mvehatur.

This Bordure differ-
cth in form from both
the other, and is thus
blazoned ; he beareth
Gules,a Bordure indent-
ed, Argent. Mr. Wyrly,
in his Book intituled,
The true ufe of Arms,
treating of the honour-
able life , and languifh-
ing death of Sir "John de Gralbye, Capitol de
Buz, and one of the Knights elected at the
firft foundation of the Garter , by that victo-
rious King Edward the Third , doth there-
in make mention of one Sir Terducas Dal-
breth , to whom this Coat-Armour did pro-
perly appertain , and defcribeth the fame in
this manner.

Sir

Chap. V.

A Dijplay of Heraldry.

Sir Perducas Dalbreth to the French returned,
Who Guly Shield about his neck did fling,
Wrapt ivitb dent Bordure Jiher Jlnning.

This Bordure is faid to be indented,becaufe
it feemeth to be compofed (_ as it were ) of
Teeth, whereof the fame hath a refemblance
as well in property as in form : For Teeth
(efpecially thofe of Beafts of ravenous kind,
or of prey } have that part of their Teeth
next to their Gums , broad and ftrong , and
their points fharp, after the manner above
ipecified ; and they are called in Latin, T)en*
tes a demendo ( as IJidorns noteth } which
fignifieth to take away or diminilh, Quia a-
liqnid de cibis femper deniimt. In the fame
manner alfo do every of thefe Indentings ,
entring into the Field, leffen and take away
fome part of them as they go.

Note that all forts of Bordures are fubjedt
to charging with things , as well Artificial ,
as Natural ; as by examples following , in
part lhall appear ; wherein I purpofe not to
be curious, either in their number , or yet in
their order; but as they lhall come to
hand , fo will I fet them down in their proper
places.

Hitherto of Bordures fimple. Now of fuch
as are compounded, as followeth :

He beareth Azure, a
Bordure counter-com-
poned, Or, and Gules;
which is as much to
fay, as compounded of
thefe two Colours coun-
terly placed. Note
that Counter-compony
confifteth evermore of
twoTrafts only, and no
more. Note further, that the manner of dif-
ferencing of Coat-Armours by Bordures is ve-
ry ancient ; but if you refpeir their particu-
lar forms and charge, they are not fo.

He beareth Gules , a
Bordure purflew,Verrey.
Note here , that this
term Purflew , is com-
mon to all the Furrs be-
fore handled, fo often
as they are ufed in Bor-
dures. Therefore when-
foever you (hall find a
Eordure of any of thefe
feveral kinds , you muft (_ for the more cer-
tainty of the Blazon ) exprefs by name of
what fort of Furrs the fame is , if there be
a peculiar name appropriate thereunto. O-
therwife, if it be one of thofe kinds that have
no certain name, whereby it may be diftincT-
ly known from the reft ; or if it be fo , that
the Bordure be compofed of fome fuch of the

Furrs, as do comprehend under one name ,
divers and diflin<£l Colours , then muft you
of neceffity particularly name the Colours
whereof every fuch Bordure is fo compofed,
except it confifteth of Argent and Azure, as
this doth, and then it fufEceth to call it only
Verrey, as in this Example I have done.

He beareth Gules, a
Bordure checkie , Or,
and Azure. Albeit this
hath a near refem-
blance of Counter-com-
pony before handled,
yet it is not the fame,
for that never exceed-
ed two Traces or Panes,
and this is never lefs
than of three : Therefore you muft takefpe-
cial heed to the number of the Tradts in
Blazon, elfe may you eafily err in miftaking
the one for the other. And this Rule hold-
eth not alone in Bordures, but alfo in Bends,
Feffes, Barrs, &c. born after thofe manners.

He beareth Vaire, a
Bordure Gules, charged
with eight crofs Crof-
lets , Argent , by the
name of Molefworth;
and is born of Hender
Molefivorth of Spring-
Gardenia theParifhof
St. Katheriiies in the
Ifland of Jamaica, Efq;
one of his Majefties
Council in the faid Ifle ; fecond Son of Hen-
der Molefworth of Tencarro-ju in Cornwall,
Efq. who was lineally difcended from Sir Wal-
ter de Mole/worth of Northamptonfljire,wha
flourifhed in Martial Prowefs in the days of
Ring Edward the Firft, and went with him
to the Holy War.

Sometimes you lhall find the Bordures
charged with things living , as in thefe Ex-
amples.

tf,

The Field is Argent,
a Bordure Azure, charg-
ed with Enaluron of
Martlets, to the number
of eight, Or. In your
blazoning of Bordures
of this kind of bearing,
you muft mention what
fort of Fowl or Bird
your Bordure is charg-
ed withal; for that this term ferveth gene-
rally for all kinds of Bordures charged with
tilings of this kind.

A like Bordure doth Jafper Earl of Pem-
broke bear, that was half-brother to King
Henry the Sixth , and was created Duke of
E z Bed-

A Difplay

of Heraldry.

Scft. I.

Bedford, by that mod prudent Prince , King
Henry the Seventh.

He beareth Azure , a
Bordure Gules, charged
with eight Lioncels paf-
fant, Or. Such a Bor-
dure is fet forth for
Hamlyne Tlantagenet ,
that was Bafe-brother
to King Henry the Se-
cond. This term Enur-
ny is proper to all Bor-
dures charged with any Beafts , whofe kinds
muft be foecially obferved , and exprefled in
Blazon, for the more certainty thereof.

Sometimes you (hall find two of thefe forts
of Bordures before handled, commixt in one,
as in thefe next Examples following.

He beareth Argent,
a Bordure quarterly, as
followeth : The firft
Gules, Enurny of three
Lioncels paffant gard-
ant, Or. The fecond ,
Azure , Verdoy , of as
many Flowers de Lis ,
Or. The third as the
fecond: The fourth as
the firft. Such a Bordure did Henry Court-
ney , Earl of Devon, and Marquefs of Exeter,
bear, (who lived in the time of King Henry
the Eighth) environing the Royal Arms of
England, which he received as an augmen-
tation of Honour. And this Coat-Armour
may alfo be thus fliortly blazoned, Argent, a
Bordure quarterly England and France.

He beareth Gules, a
Bordure,quarterly com-
pofed of Purflew, Er-
myn , and Counter-
compony , Or and A-
zure. Such a Bordure
did Henry Fitz-Rqy
bear, who was Duke of
Richmond and Somer-
set , as alfo Earl of Not-
tingham. He was bafe Son unto King Henry
the Eighth. Sometimes you fhall find Bor-
dures charged with Leaves or Flowers, ando-
ther Vegetables, as in Example :

He beareth Sable , a
Bordure , Or , charged
with Verdoy of Tre-
foils , flipped to the
number of eight pro-
per. Note that this term
Verdoy is appropriated
to all Bordures charg-
ed with Leaves, Flow-
ers , Fruits , and other

the like Vegetables. Wherefore to make your
blazon more certain , it behoveth that you
fhould exprefly mention what kind of Vege-
table the Bordure is charged withal.

Otherwhiles you fhall have Bordures charg-
ed with other forts of things inanimate, or
without life, as in this next example.

He beareth Or , a
Eordure Sable, charged
with Entoyre of eight
Befants. Such a Bor-
dure did Richard Tlan-
tagenet, King of the Ro-
mans, and Earl of Corn-
wallbeai, that was Sort
unto ICing John, and
Brother to King Henry
the Third. Note, that this term Entoyre is
proper to all Bordures charged with dead
things ; Therefore you muft name what kind
of Entoyre the Bordure is charged with, whe-
ther with Roundles, Crefcents, •Mullets, An-
nulets, or whatfoever other dead thing. A
Befaunt , or ( as fome call them ) a Talent ,
is taken for a Maflive Plate or Bullion of
Gold, containing (according to Leigli) of Troy
weight, 104I. and 2 Ounces , and is in value
375:0 fl-crling, and had for the mod part no
ftmilitude or reprefentation upon it (as fome
hold) but only falhioned round and fmooth,
as if it were fitted and prepared to receive
fome kind of ftamp. But others are of Opi-
nion that they were ftamped, and that they
were called Bezants (or rather Bizants) of
Byzantium, the place where they were an-
ciently coyned. Note, that whenfoever you
fhall find any Bezants or Talents born in
Arms, you {hall not need to make mention of
their colour in blazoning of them , becaufe
they be evermore underftood to be Gold. '

Sometimes you fhall find Bordures gobo-
nated of two Colours, as in this next Exam-
ple.

He beareth Ermyn ,
a 1 Bordure gobonated,
Or and Sable: And
fuch a bearing is fo
termed , becaufe it is
divided in fuch forts,as
if it were cut into fmall
Gobbets.

As this Bordure is gobonated , fo lhall you
find Bordures, either Bendy, or Bendwaies, or
charged with Bends , as in this next Efcocheon
in part may appear.

Chap. VI. A Diftlay

of Heraldry.

He beareth Gules , a
Bordure Sable, charged
with three Bends, Ar-
gent. I give it this
blazon in refpedt that
the Sable doth furmount
the Argent, and ftand-
eth ( as it were ) in
ftead of a Field : but if
they both were of even
pieces, then fhould I have termed it a Bor-
dure Bendee, or Bend-ways, of fo many pie-
ces Argent and Sable, or Sable arid Argent, as
it mould happen.

There refteth yet one Example more of
Bordurings , which I have here placed , to
the end the fame may ferve in ftead of ma-
ny particular demonftrations , otherwife re-
quisite for the full underftanding of the ma-
nifold feveral forts of Diapering that may be u-
fed in Bordures, as in Example;

He beareth Argent,
a Bordure Gules,diaper-
ed , Entoyre , Enurny,
Enaluron, Verdoy, Sec.
Note, that you may
have Di^pci of any
two, three, or more
of thefe, or any other
their like, in one Bor-
dure , and that not on-
ly Bordures, but alfo Fields of Coat-Armours,
are found diapered. That Field or Bordure is
properly faid to be diapered , which being
fretted all over, hath fomething quick or dead,
appearing within the Frets. And albeit things
having life and fenfe, or their parts, may be
born diapered : Yet Plants , Fruits , Leaves ,
Flowers, and other Vegetables , are ( in the
Opinion of fome Armorifts) judged to be
more fit for fuch kind of bearing.

This kind of bearing Diaper in Coat-Ar-
mour is fometimes feen in Coats of France
and Belgia, but very rare or never in Eng-
land , as Sir John Feme noteth. Diaper
( faith he ) it known of every man to be a
fantastical work of knots, withiuwhich are
wrought the figns or forms of things, either
quick or dead , according to the invention of
the IVork-mafter, as u well known z'wlpres,
Bruges, and fome Cities of Heynault. In the
blazon of fuch Coats you muft firft name the
Colour or Metal of the Field.

As touching their firft feveral Charges impo-
fed upon thefe Bordures aforehandled, I fhould
not ( I acknowledge ) have made mention of
them at all in this place ( the order of my
Method refpe&ed ) fed propter necejfttatem
nonmmquam recedendum eft a regidis. But
the occafion offered to treat of the differences
of Bordures in this place, enforced me to make

untimely mention of thofe Charges, to the in-
tent I might yield fome fatistac-tion to the
Reader touching thefe variable forms, which
I could no way better perform than by demon-
ftrative Examples : Exempla enimponimus, tit
fentiant addijeeutes.

Notwithstanding, that I take here only
mentioned a Bordure and Imborduring , for
ancient Differences, yet I do not thereupon
conclude, that Antiquity was not acquainted
with any other than thefe : but the Reafon,
that I do not particularly here difcourfe at
large of thofe other ancient Differences, is,
becaufe the ufe of divers of them now , as
Differences , is antiquated ; and fome of them
are now ufed , as Ordinaries, or fome other
Charge of the Field , which I ihall afterward
handle, but not here , becaufe it futes not
with my intended Method ; others of thofe
ancient ones are ftill in ufe, as Differences,but
to demonftrate fome other younger Brother
than anciently they did , and therefore now
termed modern , by changing of their firft:
ufe. Let it therefore fumce only to name
fome of thofe firft fort here mentioned , as
Orles, Cotizes, Bends, &c. Which how they
then were difpofed of, in the Terminal,Col-
lateral, and Fixal Coat- Armours , I refer you
to Sir fohn Ferue and others, who have writ
plentifully of them. In thofe elder times al-
fo, the variation of Metal or Colour, Tranf-
pofition of Charge , yea , fometime change
of the Charge, or of part of the Charge, were
ufed for diftincf ions of Families, as you may
obferve in divers Authors, and in the Coat-
Armours of younger branches of many ancient
Families.

CHAP. VI,

Hitherto of the ancient manner of differ-
encing Coat- Armours : Next , fuch as
we call modern Differences , come in
order to be handled. I call thofe modern
Differences that are of a latter inftitution, and
put in ufe fithence the invention of Bordures,
Such are thefe that follow , and their like ,
viz. the File, Crefcent, Mullet, Martlet, An-
nulet, Flower delis, &c.

What thefe Files are, I cannot certainly a-
vouch, becaufe I find that divers Authors,
and thofe very Judicial in matters of this
kind, do diverily judge of them, according to
their feveral conceits. Vpton , a man much
commended for his skill in blazon , and of
fome Armorifts fuppofed to have been the
firft that made obfervation of their ufe (but
they are therein much deceived , for that
fuch ufe was made of them many Ages be-
fore Vptons time ) calleth them Points, fuch
as men ufually fatten their Garments withal,

and

A Difylay

of Heraldry.

Seft. I.

and faith, they may be born either even or
odd, to the number of Nine. Buddies , an
ancient Writer, affirmerh them to be Tongs,
and that they may be born but odd. Ai-
dants in his 'Parergon nameth them Plaitez
or Plaits of Garments. Bartolus calleth them
Candles. Some other Authors call them Files,
and others Lambeaux or Labels. In this fo
great uncertainty , I forbear to determine a-
ny thing , feeing thofe fo Learned cannot
certainly refolve among themfelves what they
are. Only concerning their divers manner
of bearing , thefe Examples following will
give light : wherein I will begin with their
fingle bearing, and fo I will proceed to their
Compound ufe.

The Field is Argent,
a File, with one Label,
Gules. This form of
bearing is found in the
Chappel of the Caftle
of Camphire, alias Tre-
yoir, in Zealand. Such
is the dignity of the
File , as that the He-
raulds in their found
difcretion, have caufed many poor decayed
Gentlemen, and Perfons 'newly rifen, to lay
afide the bearing thereof, becaufe of the dig-
nity of the fame, being filch , as the Son of
an Emperor cannot bear a difference of
higher efteem, during the Life of his Fa-
ther.

ZJpton faith, that Files are not born for
Arms , but for differences of Arms : Tales
lingula five labelU ( faith he ) nou dicuntur
proprie figna , fed different i£ fignorum. Ne-
verthelefs in pradtife it falls out otherwife ,
as in this Coat here expreffed , and others
following may be feen. For we find that
Labels are born both fingle and manifold ,
without any other manner of Charge; fo
that it is clear that they are born fometimes
for Arms, and not always for differences of
Arms, as by the fecond Efcocheon following
more plainly appeareth.

He beareth Azure,a
File of three Lambeaux,
Argent. This (faith
Leigh} is the firft of the
nine Differences of
Brethren, and ferveth
for the Heir or eldeft
Son, the Father living.
Honor ins faith, That
one of the Labels be-
the other his Mother,and

fonf

tokeneth hisFathe.,
the middlemoft fignifieth himfelf

Effifl

He beareth Argent,
a File of five points, or
Lambeaux, Azure. This
feemeth to me a per-
fect Coat of it felf, for
I find the fame ancient-
ly fet up in a GJafs-
window in the Church
of Efiington in the
County of Gloncefier ,
and is born by the name of Henlmgton.
Whence may appear that this File is born as
a Charge fometimes, and not for a difference
of Coat-Armour always. The File of five
Lambeaux , faith Leigh , is the Difference of
the Heir whilft the Grandfather liveth; but
his Grandfather being deceafed, then he leav-
eth this, and taketh that of three, which was
his Fathers difference. But herein his Rule
faileth ; for that they have been anciently
born with five points for the difference of
the eldeft Son , in the time of King Edward
the Firft , as appeareth by divers Seals, and
other good authentick proofs of Antiquity.

Note , That as the Bordures before men-
tioned, fo alfo thefe Files are oftentimes
charged with things, as well quick as dead,
whereof 1 will give you fome few Examples in
thefe next Efcocheons.

He beareth Argent, a
File of three Lambeaux,
Azure , each charged
with as many Flowers
de lis, Or. Such a File
did Henry the Fourth ,
Duke of Lancafter bear,
(over the Arms of Eng-
land} who was Son to
Henry Earl of Lanca-
fier, whofe Father was Edmund , furnamed
Crookback , that was firft Earl of Lancafier,
and Son to King Henry the Third.

He beareth Azure, a
File of three Lambeaux,
Argent , each charged
on the dexter fide of
the foot thereof with
a Canton, Gules. A
like File did Lionel
Tlantagenet bear (who
was third Son unto
King Edward the
Third) over the Arms of France and Eng-
land:, faving that thofe Cantons were pla-
ced in the higheft part of his Labels afbre-
faid.

The Label of the Heir apparent ( faith
Wyrly) k feldom transferred unto the fecond
Brother, but when the Inheritance goeth to
the 'Daughters of the eldeft Brother. In

which

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

Chap. VI.

which cafe , it was permitted unto him, to
bear the File as Heir-male of his Family ,
and as one that remained in expectancy of
the Inheritance , if the Iffue of his Neeces
mould fail. Note, that the fecond Brother
might not intrude himfelf into the abfolute
Signs of his Family , the Inheritance being
in his Neeces or Kinfwomen. Hughde Ha-
flings being a fecond Brother , and his Pofte-
rity did bear a Label for their difference up-
on the like occafion, and for the reafon's here
mentioned.

The Field is Vert, a
File of three points
parted perpale , Gules
and Argent , on the
firft fix Towers , Or ;
and the fecond as ma-
ny Lionceaux rampant,
Purpure. Such a File
was born by Edward
Tlantagenet , Son and
Heir to Edmund of Langly, Duke of fork ,
which Edward lived in the time of King
Richard the Second , by whom he was crea-
ted Duke of Atibemerle , and was flain in the
Battel of Agmcourt in the time of King Henry
the Fifth.

He beareth Argent,
a File of three Lam-
beaux , Gules , each
charged with as many
Towers , Or. Such a
File did Robert d' Ar-
tois bear, who guided
K. Edward the Third
in all his wars againft
the French. This Ro-
bert was a Frenchman, and was thought to
have been the firft that moved King Edward
the Third to make his challenge to the
Crown of France. Many more Examples
might be given of the divers manners of
bearing and charging of Files , but thefe here
exprefied may fuffice to inform the Reader
that they are no lefs fubject to Charges than
the Bordures before exprefied : as alfo to
move him to take a more Ariel obfervation of
them, as they fhall come to hand.

Forafmuch as it hath been anciently que-
ftioned ( and for ought that I could ever fee,
refteth as yet undecided ) by Bartholin, Bu-
d<eus , and other Judicious perfons of their
times, Whether Files or Labels fhould be born
with even points, or odd ; fome holding that
they could not be born but odd , others
maintaining they might be ufed indifferent-
ly as well even as odd. In my former Im-
preflion I followed the ftronger Opinion, and
in all the precedent Examples have produ-
ced patterns of unequal points.- Neverthe-
tefs, not fo refling fatished , I have fithence

; 5

endeavoured to examine their ufe (the faith-
fulleft Interpreter of things doubtful) to which
end I took occafion to perufe certain Mif-
cellanean notes of Seals , which I had ga-
thered long ago : by which Scales it appear-
ed they had been anciently ufed to be born
as well even as odd ; whereupon (out of my
defire to clear all doubts , and to make e-
very thing as perfpicuous and manifold as I
could) I refolved to cut fuch Seals as came
to my hands, for the better approbation of
this my aflertion , and content of the Read-
er; and withal to fet them down according to
order of even bearing , viz. two, four,fix,&c.
before I would conclude this Chapter of Files.
As in Example :

Sigillnm hoc dppendet
Chart-c cujufdam Job. aj>
Howell de Monnemoth
fad. Chriftiana Ball, con-
tinenti quoddam efcambi-
urn unius Cwtilagii , in
•vico vocato Mowkentflreet,
6Kr. Hat. Anno Regni Re-
gis EdwardJII.^z.
This piece of Evidence refteth amongft the
Writings or Deeds of George Thorpe of
iVannejwell, Efquire, and One of his Maje-
fties Gentlemen Penfioners, whofe refidence
is in the Parifh of Barkley in the County of
Gloucefier.

An Example of a File with four points fol-
lowed! in this next Efcocheon.

He beareth Argent ,
two Cheverous, Gules,
on a quarter of the fe-
cond , a File of four
points of the firft. This
Coat was , amongft o-
thers, taken out of an
old Mafs-book at Gof-
worth in the County of
Che/ier, wherein they
were found, fair limmed , many years ago 5
as appearcth by a Book of Vifitation of that
Shire , remaining in my own hands extant to
be feen : which Vifitation was made by Wil-
liam Flower, alias Norroy, King of Arms of
the North part beyond the River of Trent ,
who was alfociated and accompanied therein
with Robert Glo-ver, Somerjet Herauld , his
Marfhal, Anno Dom. 1 j8o.

This Coat might have been more aptly
placed hereafter in the fecond Section , a-
mongft Ordinaries of divers kinds, born one
upon another ; but that I defire to place all
my Labels of even points together without
interruption , though I digreifed fomewhat
therein by giving way to neceility, albeit
with breach of Rule and Order ; Nonnun-
quam emm propter excellentiam feu necef-
fitatem receditur a Reguln. This form of

bearing

2 4

A Difyiay of Heraldry.

Sed. I.

bearing of Files with four points , is alfo
warranted by Rolls of great Antiquity 3 as
appeareth by the Coat of Sir Thomas Ley-
bourne, that bare Azure, fix Lionceaux Ram-
pant, Or, a File of four points, Gules,which
I do here pafs over , as well for brevity ,
as for impertinency thereof to this place, in
refpedt of the Lions,the principal charge there-
of. Note here a ftrange bearing of a File.

This Seal was affixed
unto a certain Deed of
one William de Curli, as
appeareth by a Tranf-
cript thereof in my Book
of Seals, the effecT: where-
of is brief , as followeth
in thefe words.

Will, de t fit. Will, de
Curb, &c. fro Salute AtitecejfMc. terr.in Ter-
ritory de Langle, loUenr. 5. Tefle Hug. le
'Poer. Vicecom. Warwick. Hear, de Najjar d,
Roberto de Clopton milit.

This Example ferveth to confirm my form-
er aifertion, That Files are not only born
for differences, but fometimes for the only-
charge of the Coat- Armour , as appeareth by
the Coat of Henliugtou , whereof I have gi-
ven Example elfewhere : And herein we may
obferve a rare form of pofition thereof in bend
Sinifter.

I have alfo feen a
like File of three points
born dexterways in Bend
for the only Charge of
the Field, as in this E-
fcocheon, which may
receive this blazon , He
beareth Argent , a File
of three points in bend,
Sable. This Coat-Ar-
mour belonged to one Morien an Alien born
buried in St. Maries Church in Oxford.

For the (liunning of multiplicity of Exam-
ples, I will give an inftance of a Coat-Ar-
mour, comprehending both forts of Files, viz.
even and odd points, which for that it is Am-
ple, and unmixt with any ordinary or common
Charge, may ferve in ftead of all : As in Ex-
ample.

_ The Field is Or, three
Files born bar-wayes,
Gules; the firft having
five points , the fecond
four, the laft triple
pointed : Here I am
conftrained to fay Tri-
ple pointed, left by the
iteration of the word
Three , I mould break
the Rule given, fag. 9. This is, as I take it,

a Dutch Coat, born by the name of Lukirke,
quafi lit Ecclefite.

Now if any man will demand of me,why
I do fpend my oyl and travel in things of
fo fmall moment? To fuch I anfwer,tiiatfo
long as I travel to find out the truth, I rec-
kon my travel well bellowed , though the
matter be of never fo fmall importance,
Suave tain eft in minimis etiam vera fare.

There is yet another form of bearing of
Files, diverfe from thefe before mentioned ,
which albeit the fame be not in ufe with us,
but feemeth to be a National Cuftome peculi-
ar to the Kingdom of France : Nevertheleis ,
fithence I have undertaken to treat amongft
things of the ufe of blazoning of Coat-Ar-
mour, I would not willingly omit any form of
bearing , or other remarkable thing , that
might make either my felf or the Reader
more expert in the ufe of Blazon. This form
of bearing Files, which I will now ihewyou,
is not diltant fome little fpacefrom the up-
per part of the Chief (after the moft ufual falhi-
on ) but groweth immediately out of the
Chief it felt!

IMF

The Field is Azure,
a File ilfuing out of the
Chief, without any in-
termiftion at all, and is
thus blazoned in French,
II fort d' Azure, un file
de Gules , movant du
Chief. Thefe Armori-
al differences are in
France obferved upon
the Robes of Honourable perforis itfued out
ot Princely Families amongft themfelves;
fuch Robes (_ I mean ) as are given them
either at the Marriages or Funerals of Kings
and Queens. As for Example ; It hath been
noted that the Lambeaux , Gules, upon the
Mantles of OrLeance, have been adorned with
Flowers de Ik. The Lambeaux of Artois
with Caftles , Or. Thofe of Anjou moving
out of the Chief, only Gules.

In like fort divers other Noble Houfes of
France, viz. of Valois, of Berry, and of A-
lencon, have Bordures either plain or engrail-
ed , or charged with Befants , thofe of Eve-
reux Baftons, Or, and Argent, and they of
Bourbon Baftons, Gules.

Here may rife a Queftion not unworthy our
obfervation, viz. Whether like as the eldeft
Brother is preferred before the fecond , fo
the Son of the Eldeft Brother mall in like
fort be preferred , or take place before his
Uncle ? And this hath been holden a great
and difficult Queftion a long feafon ; until at
length , Otho the Emperour of Germany, be-
ing at Trevere with his Barons , this matter
was there queftioned , he ordained that the
caufe mould be decided by Combat, where-
in the Nephew hardly obtained the Vidory,-

which

Chap. VI.

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

'■5

becaufe it was deemed to have proceeded by
the fecret Judgment of God , it was decreed
that from thenceforth the Nephew ihould be
preferred before the Uncle. Of this mind
are Nich. Boerius, Lucas de Tenna,and John
Je Montolero, that the Nephew ihould take
place.

The like Queftion hath rifen in France
between the Second Daughter , and the Son
of the Eldeft Sifter , as well in Avignon , a
City of Narioneva. France, as in other parts
thereof, which remained dong undetermined.
At length it was finally adjudged in the Court
of Parliament ( holden at Tar is ) for the Ne-
phews, for whom alfo it was likewife decreed
in the City of Avignon.

If any man fhall demand of* me, How it
cometh to pafs that the Diminutions or Dif-
ferences of Arms beforementioned , are fo di-
verfly born , not only in forraign Countries ,
but alfo in one felf Nation ? Or why there
is not one fet form obferved in the ufe of

them with all Nations? I anfwer, That it is
not poffible , becaufe of the infinite actions of
men, which are no lefs infinitely fubject to
mutability, and therefore can by no means-
be reduced to a Set-form of bearing univerfal-
ly, according to that faying of an uncertain
Author , Res pint iimmta, infimteque muta-
iiles, idcircb frdc'epto gentrali comfreheudi
non fojjunt.

Befidcs thefe Diffe/ences beforementioned,
other forts of Modern Differences were de-
vifed for the diftinguifhing of Brethren and
Perfons ifTued out of one Family, which for
the reach they extend unto , do more mani-
feftly exprefs , ( and as it were ) point out
with the finger , how far their feveral bear-
ers are diftant in degree from their Original
Anceflors ; as alfo , how each of them ftand-
eth in Degree one to another among them-
felves, as by the Examples enfuing may ap-
pear.

The Firft Houfe.

a. ^ aw. j

f.-iiv. «.™ i, Hlg<: 1 ^

The Second Honfe.

The Third Houfe.

The Fourth Houfe.

The Sixth Houfe.

26 A Difplay of Heraldry. Sett. I.,

To thefe Tingle Differences , exprefled in | i make compleat throughout all his Book

the firft of theie Ranks, AothGerard Leigh \ j The form of which three are thefe • vW

add three other, to make up the number of j [ the Rofe , the Crofs Molin, and the Double

Nine ; which number he laboured much to I I Caterfoil.

It hath been evermore one Obfervation
with Nations in bearing of Arms, that as e-
very particular Family (faith Sir John Feme')
did bear Arms, different in fubftance from
thofe of other Families, fo thofc that are
defended of the felf fame Bloud, fhould like-
wife bear the Arms of that Houfe and Fa-
mily whereof they are defcended , in a dif-
ferent manner each from other (not in Sub-
ftance but in Accidents ) for the dirlinguifh-
mg of their Line of Agnation. And the ap-
portion of thefe Differences, albeit they feem
to make fome alteration in the Coat- Armours
whereunto they are annexed, yet is the fame
but meerly Accidental, the Subftance (till re-
maining as it was before ; the Nature of thefe
Appofitions being fuch as is of all udier Ac-
cidents , Vt foffint ateffe , (S adeffe fine fui-
jetli inter itu.

And thefe Differences annexed to Coat-
Armours are of fome Authors termed ( and
that not improperly) Diminutiones Armo-
rum , in refpedt they do derogate from the
Dignity of the Arms whereto they are ad-
ded , as exprefly manifefting them to be of
lefs efteem than thofe from which they are
derived : Multiplicity enim individtiorum,
in eadim ffecie diminntioncm arguit. But
doubtlefs, the conceit of Apportion of thefe
Differences to Coat-Armours was grounded
upon the neceflity ( the common Parent of
all Inventions ) as well that thereby all con-
fufed bearing of Arms might be avoided ; as
alio that the Prerogative of the Eldeft Son
ihould be preferved inviolable. And for this
caufe hath the Eldeft. of every Noble and
Generous Family, his peculiar manner of fole
and plain bearing, which he will in no cafe
permit arry other man to ufe , though he be
of the fame Family and Surname, but with
addition of fome kind of Difference, becaufe 1
the fole bearing of Arms pertaineth only to
the firft begotten : In frimo^enito enim (faith
Lyra) tanquam in capte Jlat,& remanet fplen-
dor genitura.

As touching the Dignity of the Firftbe-
gotten, Tremellius in his Annotations upon
the^thof G ™tfs, maketh mention of two
chief Prerogatives due unto Renin, had he
not deh ed tus Fathers Bed ; the one of Ho-
nour, whereby he had his Brethren in Sub-
jection unto him ; the other of Strength, by
teafon of bis double portion of Inheritance.

And Cha(fan£us faith, Ea qua acquiruntur
T?r Imogen it o , acquiruntur titulo univerfali
item acquiruntur nt conftituto in dignitate.
For thefe refpedts the Arms of the Family
ought to remain entire to the Eldeft , be-
caufe the fecond , third, and fourth begotten
Sons cannot arrogate to themfelves any fuch
Prerogative, and therefore may not bear their
Coat but with Difference.

Furthermore , thefe Differences here fpo-
ken of, are of fome Authors called itottrma
Armorum ; and that very aptly , in regard
that by the appofition of them to Coat-Ar-
mours, our underftanding (upon fight of them)
is informed from what Line of Confanguini-
ty the Bearer of fuch Difference doth abftradt
himfelf whether from the Line Afendina
Defending , or Collateral; as alfo in What
Degree he ftandeth • as, whether he be the
fecond, third, or fourth begotten Child of fuch

t c? n \ And fuch a PPofi«on is no lefs
lawful , than is the addition of Names of
Baptifme unto the Surname of the Family S

Stent enim nomiua mventa funt ad coeuofcen-
dos homines, it a arma vel infignia ad fa-
milies Eg ferfonas difiiugnendas finvda-
tim. 9

There is yet a further ufe of thefe Dif-
ferences, in that they ferve to prevent and
avoid Diffentions, Debates, Challenges, Com-
bats, and Slaughters. For as to all Brethren
there is but one Surname allowed ; yet for
Difference, that one of them may be dif-
cerned from another, there is added unto
each Brother a Trxnomen, or Name of Bap-
tifm ; fo is it necelfary , that fmce the Coat-
Armour of the Anceftor is competible to all
the Children ( as the Mark of the Family
whereof they are defcended , that a Differ-
ence fhould be added to the Coat-Armour
of every Brother , to mark and limit out to
all mens fight the diverfity of their Birth
and Line whereupon they depend, that fo
all occafion of Challenge may be prevented,
when each man knoweth not only his place
of precedence, but alfo his nearnefs and place
of title to the Inheritance.

Whereas I have formerly, among the Ex-
amples of Bordures , ufed demonftrations of
Differences in the Blood Royal, of fome of
the younger Sons of Kings , I hold it fit, be-
fore I conclude this Trad of Differences, to
give a little touch of the neceflity why thefe

fhould

Chap. VII.

A Diffldy of Heraldry,

ftiould be more eminent than thofe of ordi-
nary ufe, with Perfons of inferiour Eftate.^
Firft, in regard that if the Coat-Armour of
others mould have too near a conformity
and refemblance with the Soveraign Enfigns,
the Vulgar fort perhaps might (in fome cafes
or pretences) be feduced to follow fuch a one
as were not their King , to the great diftur-
bance of the State , and no lefs peril to the
Perfon of their lawful Soveraign. And not
only is it fo in Coats pertaining to the Blood
Royal, but alfo in other inferiour Callings :
For in ancient time (faith Wyrly) when men
could not fufficiently diftinguilh their Coat-
Armours by changing their Devices into fl-
itter Colours , for the Number of Leaders ,
that many times were of one Houfe or Fa-
mily ; then were they forced to vary their
Marks by the faid Additions. And very fel-
dom mould you fee in thofe times , Cref-
cents, Mollets, or fuch fmall things born for
"a Difference: or if any fuch were, they were
made fo large , that they might eafily be
difcerned by the diftance of forty foot. Fur-
thermore , the Soveraign Eftate and Dignity
being compared with the quality of any Sub-
ject , the Difference will be found fo great
between them , and the one fo far furmount-
lrtg the other of them, as that Reafon it fclf
willeth that fo great a Difference lliould be
put between the Royal Enfigns and the Arms
of a Subject , as there is between their E-
ftates and Degrees, fince thofe Enfigns are
the Marks of their worthinefs and efteem.

For thefe and other refpecTrs, it hath been,
and yetftillis in ufe, that in Addition of Dif-
ferences to the Arms of Kings younger Chil-
dren, the skilful Heralds have given fome of
the Honourable Ordinaries ,. for more appa-
rent Diftinftions , as a Feis , Chief, Bend ,
Pile, Bordure, and fuch like, as we may ma-
nifeftly fee in divers ancient Coats born by
fuch Noble Perfonages as have defcended
from the Collateral Lines of the Kings of Eng-
land, France, Scotland, &c.

Concerning thofe Modern Differences be-
fore expreffed in the form of Six Ranks,/>.2j.
viz. Crefcents, Mollets, Martlets, 8cc. not-
withstanding their inftitution was ingenious,
yet hath trad of time difcovered their ufe
to be dangerous, efpecially in Martial Affairs,
by reafon 'of their darknels and unapparent
forms, occafioned by impofition of one Dif-
ference upon another ; the peril whereof hath
not a little extenuated their eftimation. Ne-
verthelefs, their invention is not therefore to
be condemned , inafmuch as the Events have
not fallen out anfwerable to the intention of
their firft Devifer : Neither can it be there-
fore juftly faid to be done without ground
of Reafon, as a certain Author noteth : Si fi-
nis in intellettu oferantis fit rationabilu, e-
tiamfi non fequatur quod intenditw, non id-
circo dicitur irrationabiliter operant

2 7

Here it is to be obferved, that Differences
do in no ways appertain unto Sifters , for
that they are reputed to be feparated and
divided from the Family whereof they are
defcended , inafmuch as when they are once
married , they do lofe their own Surname ,
and do receive their denomination from the
Family whereof their Husbands are, defcend-
ed. And fo much doth the word Joror no-
tine unto us, as Sojimis faith : Soror eft qnafi
fcorfim nata, & a famihafeparata.

To Daughters it is permitted to bear the
Arms of their Father , even as the Elder Bro-
ther doth after his Fathers deceafe, without
any fcandal or challenge of their Elder Bro-
ther ; for that to Daughters never were any
Differences allowed , and that for three cau-
fes : Firft, Becaufe their Coats are never, or
very feldom advanced in the Field , foraf-
much as to that Sex War is reputed odious.
Secondly , For that the Coat-Armour is no
longer born by them than during their life,
for the fame extendeth not to their Iffue.
Laftly , Becaufe fo long as Iffue continued!
of any of the Brethrens Lines , they; are de-
barred from the Inheritance. Yet in fome
cafes they fhall bear the Coat-Armour to
them and their Heirs; as in Example,If all
the Ifluc of the Brethren happen to become
extinct , then the Daughters mail Inherit the
Land of their Ariceftor. In which cafe, they
may therewithal affume his Coat- Armour,
and bear the fame by themfelves and their
Heirs for ever. But betwixt thofe Sifters be
allowed no Differences or Badges of Pede-
grees : the Reafon whereof is , for that fince
by them the Name of the Houfe cannot be
preferved ; therefore they are admitted to
the Inheritance equally , and are adjudged
but one Heir to all intents and purpofes ,
in Laws as well Martial as Civil , without
afty eminent Prerogative either of Honour
or PoffefTion , betwixt Elder and Young-
er.

CHAP. VII.

SO much of the Accidents of Arms, viz;
Tincture and Differences, comprehend-
ed in the firft part of our premifed diftrf-
bution.

Now of the fecond Member thereof, vizi
Parts of Arms.

The parts of Arms are,

C Efcocheon.
The ^

C Ornaments without the Efcocheon.

1 An Efcocheon is the form or reprefenta-
' tion of a Shield of what kind foever, and is
Fi to

A Difplay

of Heraldry.

Sett. I.

fo called of the Latin word Scutum , which
hath the fame fignification : whence alfo an
Efquire, or Page, takes his name of Scutiger,
fignifying primarily a Target-bearer. And
the Target is not unaptly deduced from the
Latin word Tergus, a Beafts hide, whereof at
firft Shields were made : whereupon Pliny
faith , Tergus ad fcuta galeafyiie imjieuetra-
bile,kxi impenetrable hide fit to make a Shield.
And the Poet Statins,

■c lefts clyfeos vepire juvencii :
With Bullocks bides they clad their Shields.

Whence Virgil calls Jjax his Buckler,
Seftemflex , for the fevenfold doublings of
Leather : As elfewhere he defcribes a Target,

duo tanrea terga:

"-made of two Ox hides. But the cleared: Star
of our Profeflion , Mr. Clarenceaux takes it
from the Britifh word Tarjau , and that from
the French Thireos , which 'Paufamas faith,
is the Buckler in ufe amongft the old Gaules.
If any here mould ask me , Why then Ef-
cocheons fhould be ufed in Heraldry, fince o-
ther men are inverted with Enfigns of Ho-
nour , befides Martial men J I anfwcr them,
that as to Military men that token is proper
for reward of that kind of Service ; fo if o-
thers by their Vertues, Arts, or Actions, ad-
vance either the honour or the welfare of
their Country , their fervice is as behoveful
as the others , and themfelves as Defenders
or Prefervers of their Countries Peace and
Happinefs (as I have formerly ihewed)deferve
like wife the reward of the Efcocheon be-
ing the Hieroglyphick or Emblem of De-
fence and Prelerving. In which refpect that
good Prophet Elijah was called The Chariots
and Horfemen of Ijrael. And by the Civil
Law Qlmf. in L.Advoc.C.de Advoc.~) an Ad-
vocate is faid to be Miles, a Martial man,
and to have the fame Prerogatives, in that
they do avium vitam ® fatrimonium de-
feiidere , defend the Life and Livelyhood of
the Subjects. Touching the divers forms of
Shields, I will not here fpeak ; every Coun-
try almoft having their divers makings :
amongft which , the fmalleft were in ufe a-
monglt our old Britains , as being moft man-
ageable ; and the greateft amongft the Ro-
mans, and Grecians , as may appear by Alex-
ander , who being to pafs a River , ufed his
Shield for his Boat, and his Spear for his Ru-
ther to guide himfelf over. And it was e-
ver held more difhonourable for a man to
lofe his Buckler than his Sword in Field, be-
caufe it is more praife-worthy to defend a
Friend than to hurt a Foe , as a Noble Ge-
neral once faid : Mall em mum CrvemJ&c.l had
rather fave one good Subject, than kill an hun-
dred Enemies.

(Points.

The Accidents in this Efcoche- <

on are (.Abatements.-
Points are certain places in an Efcocheon
diverily named, according to their feveral Po-
fitions.

C Middle.
Whereof fome are2

I Remote.

The Middle Points are thofe that have
their location in , or near to the Center of the
Efcocheon.

( Honour }
Such are thefe, viz.t\is< Fefs > Points.

iNombril }
The Fefs Point is the exact Center of the
Efcocheon. The Honour Point is the next a-
bove the fame in a direct Line. The Nom-
bril is next underneath the Fefs Point, ana
fwering in a like diftance from the Fefs Poysi
as Gerard Leigh hath fet them down.

Remote Points are thofe that have their fi-
tuation naturally in places further diftantfrom
the Center of the Efcocheon.

(. Superior.
Of thefe there are<

C Inferior.

The Superior Remote Points are thofe that
Imve their being in the upper part of the Efco-
cheon.

f Middle.
Of thefe there are <

(Extremes.
The Superior Middle Point doth occupy
the precife midft of the Chief , between the
two Extremes. The two Superior extreme
Points do pollefs the corners of the chief part
of the Efcocheon.

CDexter.
And are termed <?

<?Sinifter.

The Superior Dexter Point hath his begin-
ning near unto the right corner of the Ef-
cocheon , in the Chief thereof. The Supe-
rior Sinifter Point is placed near the left An-
gle of the Chief, in oppofition to the Dex-
ter Chief; whercunto, as alfo to the Middle
Chief Point, it anfvvereth in a direct Line.

The Inferior Points do occupy the Eaie of
the Efcocheon , and thereof have their deno-
mination, and are called Inferior, Lecaufe
they are feated in the lower parts there-
of.

tMkldle.
Of thefe alfo there are both<

t;Remote.

Note, that each of thefe do anfwer in op-
pofition unto the feveral Superior ChiefPoints
above mentioned, in a direct Line, inlomuch
qs by them the Location of thele might be
eafdy conceived without any further Deicrip-
tion of them, Quia fojito uno contrariorum, fo-
nitur S) alteram. Neverthelefs , becaufe thofe
things that are delivered dividedly , are beft

can-

Chap. VIII.

Difplay of Heraldry,

B
D

conceived and underftood, I will particularize
thefe as I have done the former, beginning
with the Middle Point.

The Middle Bafe Point doth occupy the
exad midft of the Bafe of the Efcocheon ,
and anfwereth perpendicularly to the Middle
Superior and Inferior Points. And in like
fort do both the Inferior Bafe Extremes an-
fwer in an Equi-diftant
proportion to the Ex-
tremes of the Superior
Points placed in the
corner of the Efcoche-
on. That Extreme
Bafe Point on the right
hand is named the Dex-
ter Bafe Point; and that
on the left hand is the
Simfter Bafe. And for the better explana-
tion of that which hath beeri here delivered
touching the Points of an Efcocheon, I have
here ( becaufe Examples add light ) expref-
fed the fame by manifeft Demonftrations
placing feveral Letters upon every of the faid
Points, according to the Defcription before-
mentioned. As there is a preheminence in
•the priority of nomination of things, fo is
there alfo in their local diftribution : where-
fore you muft have refpect unto the Points
of an Efcocheon , for therein alfo confifteth
a Dignity , irtafmuch as one Point or Place
of the Efcocheon, is more worthy than an-
other , whereunto you muft have regard in
Blazoning, Quia a dignioribus femper eft in-
cipiendum. What thofe Points of an Efco-
cheon are , appeareth in the laft precedent
Efcocheon , and here made more manifeft as
in Example.

fDexter Chief
| Precife Middle Chief
I Sinifter Chief
. r , I Honour
Sigmfieth.jFefs VPoint.
Nombril
J Dexter Bafe

Exadl Middle Bafe
LSinifter Bafe

The knowledge of thefe Points is very
requifite , in refpecl: , that when divers of
thefe Points are occupied with fundry things
of different kinds ( as oftentimes it falleth
but in fome Efcocheons ) you may be able
thereby to aflign unto each Point his apt and
peculiar Name , according to the Dignity of
his place. For no man can perfectly Blazon
any fuch Coat, unlefs he doth rightly under-
ftand the particular Points of the Efcocheon.

CHAP. VI I L

WE come now from Points, the firft
part in our partition of Accidents
of an Efcocheon, to the fecond part,
which is Abatements.

An Abatement is an accidental Mark an-
nexed to Coat-Armour, denoting fome ungen-
tleman-like , diihonourable , or dhioyal de-
meanour, quality, or ftain in the Bearer,
whereby the Dignity of the Coat-Armour is
greatly ab afed.

CDiminution.
Abatements do confiftin^

cReverfing.

Diminution is a blemilhing or defacing of
fome particular Point or Points of the Ela>
cheon, by reafon of the impofition of fome
ftain and Colour thereupon. Note, that all
thefe Marks of Diminution , in the Efcoche-
ons next following , muft be evermore of
fome one of the ltainand Colours, viz. Taw-
ny or Murrey , and muft in no wife be of Me-
tal , neither muft they be charged in any
cafe , for fo fliould they be Additions of Wor-
lliip.

Thefe are$ The Re-
placed on5„

(.Some other part of the Efcocheon:

Such as are placed in the Middle are ex-
prefled in thefe next two Efcocheons follow-
ing, whereof the firft is a Delf, as in this Ex-
ample.

He beareth Argent , a
Delf, Ten, to him that
revoketh his own Chal-
lenge ( as we call it )
eating his word ( faith
Leigh") is this Abate-
ment given in token
thereof Note , that
whenfoever you fhall
find two or more of
them in one Efcocheon , you fhall not rec-
kon of them as Signs of an Abatement, but
of Honour ; and in like manner , if either
they be of Metal , or Charged upon ; and
fo is it alfo in fome other Abatements,
which either by their Number or Colours ,
do Change their quality , and become Char-
ges of perfect Bearing.

3°

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

Sea. IJ

He beareth Or , an
Efcocheon reverfed ,
Sanguine. This is that
other Abatement that
occupieth the middle
point of the Efcocheon,
and is given unto him
that difcourteoufly in-
treateth either Maid or
Widow againft their
will ; or to fuch an one as flyeth from his So-
vereigns Banner : he mall bear his Arms after
this ibrt , until fuch time as he have done
fome valiant exploit, worthy to be noted by
the Heralds ; upon whofe true report,it may
pleafe the Soveraign to reftore him to his
former Bearing ; which admiflion muft be done
in no lefs private Affembly than in the Mufter-
ing of a Camp.

Such Diminutions as are placed upon fome
other part of the Efcocheon.

( One point alone.
Do occupy <

(More than one.

That which occupieth one alone, is called a
Dexter point parted, an Example whereof you
may fee in this next Efcocheon.

He beareth Argent ,
a Point dexter parted ,
Tenn : This Diminuti-
on is due unto him that
overmuchboafteth him-
felf of his Martial Ads.
If a man do perform
any praifeworthy A-
clion, the felf Deed
will Sufficiently com-
mend him, though he lipid lus peace. And
therefore Seneca lib. z. dk Bemficm, doth re-
prehend this kind of vain boafting ; Res h-
qmtur ( faith he ) nobis tkcentibus , Let our
Deeds fpeak, let our Tongues be filent : or if
we wilfneeds have verbal praife ,letusfeek
it by the direction of that wife King, Latt-
det te alius, & non os tuum , aliena labia
71011 lingua tun. Let another man be thy
Trumpeter , and not thine own mouth. For
indeed , that mark wherewith judicious Vir-
«il brandeth Frances, doth feldome deceive,
~l.ingua melior , fed frigida belio Dextera ,
Whofe Tongue is quickeft to fpeak,his Arm
in fight is weak. And albeit a man be tru-
ly valiant in Deeds of Arms, yet Laus in ore
frofrio fordefcit , It is -ungentleman-like to
boaft of it. 'Plutarch writes of young Ma-
rias, that his talk and gefture was fo ftout
that he got the name of Martts filins , the
Son of Mars ; but when it came to the proof,
he was fo far from what he feemed, that he
gained a new name of Veneris films, the Son
of Venus.

Such Diminutions as do occupy more than
one point of the Efcocheon.

(Four points.
Do comprehends

(Lefs than four.

That-Diminution of the former fort, is this
which you fee in this Efcocheon, and is due to
him that is floathful in the Wars.

He beareth Or , ai
Point in Point, San-
guine. Herein you may
lee in part how necef-
fary it is to know the
Points of the Efcoche-
on before exprelfed. In-
afmuch as this one A-
batement comprifeth
thefe four Points, viz.
the Honour, together with the Dexter and
Sinifter, and the exact bafe Points. For it
is very manifeft that the one of thefe Arch-
lines hath his beginning from the Dexter,
and the other from the finifter bafe Points ,
and do meet in an acute Angle in the Honour
point , anfwering perpendicularly to the pre-
cife bale point. In former Ages this Vice was
chaftifed by another kind of punilhment,
faith Cha{fan<eus , Qutindo Miles fe male gef-
[erit in bello , pote/i Judex fcutum fuumfer-
forari facer e , M hoc exemplo alii Milites
in frtelio fint fort i ores : If a Souldier demean
himfelf not well in fight, the Judge Martial
may caufe his Efcocheon to be pierced , to
teach other by this Chaftifement , to be more
valorous. But contrariwife, it is honoura-
able for a man of Arms to have blows ap-
pear in his Buckler , given by his Foes ; as
is memorable in our ancient Country-man
Scava ( the principal man who taught Ju-
lius ■ Cafar the way 1 to conquer Britain )
whofe Valour Ctefar hath eternized with this
acknowledgment, that it was he alone who
faved the Fortification againft Tomfey at Dyr-
rachium , where Cafar perufed his Buckler,
and found Two hundred and thirty holes
pierced in it. And therefore becaufe the
Daftard dares not come fo near the Enemy
to bear his ftrokes on his Shield , he muft
be content to take this piercing of fome of his
own fide in Arms.

Thofe Diminutions that do comprehend
fewer than four.

Are either of^

Three.
Two.

Such are faid to comprehend three Points ,
whofe Lines do bound fo many within their
Limits, as in Example.

Chap. VIII.

A Difplay of Heraldry,

3 t

He beareth Or,Point
Champain, Tenn. This
is the firft of thofe Di-
minutions,thatdo com-
prehend three Points,
and is formed of one
Arch-line , which ta-
keth his beginning
from the Dexter Bafe
(and including the mid-
dlemoft ) and endeth in the Sinifter Bafe
Point. This is due unto him that killeth his
Prifoner ( humbly fubmitting himfelf) with
his own hands, though in extreme need it
is allowed by the Law of Arms , rather to
kill, than to hazzard himfelf to be ilain.
Always (faith Sir John Froyfard) by right of
Arms a man ought to grieve his Enemy
and good company of Arms « mercy to Knights
and Souldiers.

He beareth Or, a
plain Point, Sanguine.
This Abatement com-
prehendeth the fame
Points that the laft
precedent doth , but
differeth from the fame
herein, that the form-
er is framed of an Arch-
Line, and this of a
Right-line. This Abatement is due to him
that telleth Lies , or other falfe Tales, to his
Sovereign. For if light ears incline to light
lips, harm enfueth ; and War is then eafily
begun , but hardly allayd again , when mif-
report and light credence meet together.

He beareth Argent,
a Goar Sinifter, Tenn.
This Abatement confi-
fteth of two Arch-lines
drawn from the Sini-
fter Chief, and bottom
of the Efcocheon , and
meeting in a fliarp An-
gle in the Fefs Point.
L This is the third and

lalt of the Abatements, that occupieth three
Points of the Efcocheon, and is due to him
that is a Coward to his Enemy. For we
muft. conceive that Coars, and likewife Guf-
fets, are things in ufe among Women, efpe-
cially Semfters , and therefore are fit notes of
Cowards and Womanifh Difpofitions. But as
for the Dexter Goar, we muft otherwife e-
fteem of it; for ( faith Leigh} though it be
of Stamand Colour, yet it is exempted out of
the number of Abatements , and it is a good
Coat for a Gentlewoman ; many of which Sex
are fofar from the ftain of Cowardize,as they
will not turn their Backs to men of greateft
Valour; but like the Valiant Tenthefdea,

' viris canairrerc virgo,

The Tiamofel fair dares meet the ftouteft man ■

faith Virgil i . Mneid, But if there be both.
Dexter and Sinifter ( faith he } it is too bad
to be born , for although it be charged, yet
doth it difhonour the tiling that is there-
upon.

That Abatement that comprehendeth on-
ly two Points of the Efcocheon , is called a
GulTet , and is formed of a Traverfe Line
drawn either from the Dexter or Sinifter
Chief Point of the Efcocheon tending to the
Honour Point , and defcending from thence
perpendicularly to the extream bafe parts of
the Efcocheon ; as in this next Example ap-
peared}, wherein are exprelfed both the Dex-
ter and Sinifter Goars.

He beareth Argent ,
two Gullets, Sanguine.
In Abating ( faith
Leigh ) there is but
one Guifet : and he that
is too much devoted to
the Smoek , fhall wear
the Guflet on the ricrhr.
fide ; but he that com-
mitteth Idolatry toBac-
chus, the GulTet on the left fide, "fliall be
his Reward. If he be faulty in both, then
he fliall bear both , as in the Efcocheon pre-
fent. Such a Coat as this I find born by the
Name of Comngham, faving that the Field is
Sable, and the Gullets Argent, and therefore
not to be taken to be of this kind, accordine
to the Rule touching the Delf.

Hitherto of fuch Abatements as do abafe
the eftimation of the Coat-Armour whereun-
to they are annexed, in fome parts or points
of them only , being the firft fort of Abate-
ments whereof we promifed to fpeak.

Now followeth the laft and worft of all the
reft, which is a Coat-Armour reverfed. R e -
verfing is a prepofterous manner of location
of a Coat-Armour, by turning of the whole
Efcocheon upfide down , contrary totheufual
form of bearing, after this manner.

He beareth light
Blew, four Mollets,\ el-
low, two in the Fefs ,
and as many in the
Chief. This Form of
bearing is peculiar to a
Traytor , fuch a ons
(faith Leigh} was he
that owed thefe Anns,

r co S J hok mme was Sir

Armery of Tavy, a Lombard born , an un-
worthy Captain of Cdais, and Traytor to King
Edward the Third, irt felling the 'fame to sfr

Geffrey

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

Se<a. I.

3 2

Geffrey C barney for zocco Crowns. To this
kind or bearing is this form of Blazon (begin-
ning at the bafe firft ) peculiar, and to no
otiier , in refpect that as this Elcocheon ftand-
eth, the Bale Point is the higheft part thereof.
By this inglorious fubverfion of the Efcocheon
the Dignity thereof is not blcmifhed only in
fome points, as the former , but is effentially
annihilated in the whole. In all other Crimes,
though Capital, the Punifhment tranfeendeth
not the pcrfon of the Offender , Qiiia milium
delictum -palm fyriocentifiliopena eft (faith
Ghaffavius ~)lhe Innocent Son jball not bear the
fumjhment of the Fathers Offence. But in this
which we call Crimen Lafie Majef!atis,or High
Treafon (being an Offence fo horrible and de-
tellable before God and Man} it is far other-
wife ; for herein, as well the Children of the
Offenders, as the Traytors themfelves, fhall
participate of the heavy Vengeance due to fo
great an Impiety , although not in that deep
meafure that the Father doth ; and that by the I
imitation of the Divine Juflice ; that fo men
might be deterred , not only from the act ual
committing, but alfo from the Confederation
and Concealment of an offence fo highly dif-
pleafmg God, and abhorring Nature.For when
a Fad is committed or intended* againft the
Pcrfon of him that fwayeth the Soveraign
State (wherein he reprefenteth the^mage of
the Divine Government) it is not fo much of-
fcnfive againft the pcrfon of the Prince, as it is
againft the Majcfty of the Eternal God, whofe
Image he beareth. And the welfare of the
Subjects depending on the fafety of the Sove-
raign, the danger intended to the one, hath in
it a guilt of endamaging the lives of Milli-
ons.

As touching perfons convicted of High
Treafon in the Juftice of the Law of Arms ,
for the further coercion of fo heinous a Fact as
Treafon is, and for a further punifhment both
of the Travtor and of his whole Progeny ; it
is to be obfervcd,thatif a Gentleman of Coat-
Armour hath Ilfue divers Sons,and committeth
Treafon , he hath forfeited his Coat-Armour
for ever , neither may his Iflue bear the fame,
Quia eorum imemoria deftrui debet : For that
the memory of them may utterly be extin-
guiftied. For fince it is held they may be law-
fully killed, feeing they are faid to be Enemies
to the King and People , much more is it law-
ful to prohibit to their Heirs , together with
the Inheritance, their Arms alfo , and flile of
Gentry: Infomuch, as fome are of Opinion,
that the Son lofeth Jura Sepilchrorum , the
Rights and Ceremonies of Burial accuftomed
to Gentry. And of Marcus Manlius (who

I was condemned of Treafon againft the Roman
State) we iind a Law that none iliould ever
bear that name. A notable Example whereof
we faw of late on the Inftrument of that De-
villilh Parricide on the late puiifant King of
France , for the obliterating of the Name and
Memory of fucli a Villain out of that Kingdom.
And in Ireland , fuch Traytors as are convi-
cted by the Acts and Ordinances of the High
Court of Parliament , are by force thereof ad-
judged to fuffer damage in their Name, State,
Prelieminence, Dignities and Honour to them
due in fore-palled times. As in all their Offi-
ces, Lordfhips, Caftles , Mannors, and in all
their Hereditaments whatfoever : Moreover ,
that they fhall fuftain corruption of their Blood
and Family, and both himfelf and hisPofteri-
ty are (by force of fuch Conviction and Judg-
ment)difabledtodemand,receive or recover of
any man by defcent from any of their Ance-
flors, either Lineal, or Collateral ; neither arc
the Children of perfons fo convicted,permitted
to make theirPedegree,or to derive themfelves
from fuch Parents.

Finally, if fuch an one were inverted with
any honourable Dignity, the Laws adjudge
not only his Coat- Armour to be razed, and his
Shield reverfed , but alfo his Spear truncked ,
his Spurrs hewen from his Heels , his Horfe
docked , his Sword to be broken upon his Hel-
met, his Creft divided, his Statues pulled down,
his Blood corrupted, and his Body to death (nt-
fi Jpcciali Regit rejerifto intervenerit gratia,
without the Kings fpecial pardon) his Family
at an end, his Polfe/Iions taken away and (for
a greater terrour) given to fome other Family,
whofe profitable Service to the King and State
may better deferve it. So loathfome is this
Offence to Nobility, that Hie cannot fuffer the
Marks of him that hath offended in fo high a
degree, to poffefs any place with her Enfgns ;
but that the fame fliall be without all reverence
defaced, and fpurned into fome bafe place : So
that by fuch his Degradation, hereceiveth far
greater fhame and ignominy, than ever he re-
ceived Honour by his Advancement, according
to the old Proverb,

Turpius ejicitur, quam non admittitur hoffes :

The ftame u lefs ne^r to attain,
Than having won to lofe again.

The end of the firft Section.

Turn

Turn Dignum opr<e pretikm venit, cum inter fe congruunt Praceptd &
Experimenta.

TH E Second Section maketh mention of the feveral Kinds of
Efcocheons : Al/o, what Field and Charge are : The feveral
Kinds of Charges, and their Common Accidents : Of Lines,
with their divers Forms and Properties : The Making a and divers
Manner of Bearing of Ordinaries ; and their Subdivifions : Together
with divers Notes , Rules , and Obfervations td them particularly
belonging.

The TABLE of the Second Seaion.

"Some one Tinflure, as when a Coat- Armour confitleth of any one of the Metals, Colours, or Furs
only.

Predominating: of which form of bearing there be manifold Examples
in and throughout the fecond, third, and fourth Sections,

/Field,
|1 which hath<
[J Tinfture

Kinds
which
are of

'Not Predominating: whereof there arc divers Examples in the fifth Se-
ction.

TRightnefs, as when they are evenly carried
I throughout the Field.

"Bunched in form, as in Lines En-
grailed, Invecked, Wived, &c.

I Crook
, r Accidents J ednefs,

More Tin.
clures than
one, where- <
in mult be
onfidered
the

Making,

which are
their

■61 .

which con- I
fifteth of I
Lines, <
wherein
obferve
their

whereof |
fome are

I Cornered, J

["Reft- Anguled, as in
Coats Embattel-
led , Crenelle.cW

Acute- Anguled , as
in Indenting and
Dancette.

i [

I Kinds, i

Proper,
which
are cat.
led Or-
dinaries,
wherein
note
their

Single, which of it felf maketh a Chief.

Twofold, whereof are form-
ed thefe Ordinaries fol-
lowing, viz. a Pale, Bend;
Fefs , Gyron , Canton
l c Manifold,viz.< Quarter- Pile,&e.

More then twofold , \vhich
do conftitute a Crofs
Saitire, Inefcocheon, and

| Simple,
I compre-
hending

One
fort.

Single, as when a Crofs, Bend, Pale,Pile, Fefs '
orothcrOrdinaryisborn alone', without
any other Appofition or Impofition.

One uponanother, asaCrofsup.
on a Crofs, a Saitire upon a Sal-
tire, &c.

Man>

whereof-! ,f0 i d - aS
i when

frfore of7

the fame [ One be

kind are j fides an.

'jiorn other,as ;

'. a

fome
are

. Divers
J forts
I born in

like
J manner

"Oneup-i
on ano-<
tber,

One be-'
fides an. <
pother j

'Burrs
'Cheuron
'Efcochcon

.Saitire
Efcocheon
Chcuron

Pallet, ■)

r* Pallet.'

Bend, Vg ,

2 Cotizes. 1

Pale, J (

zEndorfes.'

^upon a

S. Chcuron.'
cJPile.
; Saitire.

? s

^befides a<

Chief.
Crofs.
Chief.

Compound, as having in them fome kind of Mixture, by reafon
of the Appofition or Impofitioa of common Charges unto or
. upon thefe Ordinaries. b

Common, whereof fee the Table gf the Third Seftion:

Chap. I.

A Dijflay of Heraldry.

SECTION It

CHAP, L

Aving formerly handled, /
in the nrft Se&ion, the
Common Accidents of an
Efcocheon j viz. Points
and Abatements : Now
will I proceed to fhew
their feveral kinds.

Efcocheons are either of<i

COne Tincture.
Sviore than one.

Thofe Efcocheons are faid to be of one
Tincture , that have only fome one Metal ,
Colour, or Furr , appearing in the Shield of
any Nobleman or Gentleman. Concerning
this form of bearing, it hath been holden of
fome Writers a matter doubtful, whether one
Metal, Colour, or Furr born alone in a Shield
be ancient or honourable: Sir John Fefnezi-
firmeth fuch bearing to be falfe Arms, and not
worth the receiving , except in fome fpecial
cafes 5 being perhaps thereunto induced , be-
caufe it was reckoned among the Romans a
tiling reproachful to bear a naked Shield with-
out any Portraiture^ in regard it was an ufual
thing with men of Valour and Courage to have
their Shields painted.

White Shields were
accuftomed to be be-
llowed upon fuch as
were Novices in Mar-
tial Affairs , or (as we
commonly call them)
Frefhwater Souldiers ,
to the end they might
in future time merit to
have them garniihed
with the Titles and Teftimohies of their Va^
lorous Deferts, until which time fuch Shields
were reckoned inglorious ; as Virgil noteth in
_ Jnetd.hb.ii.

Enfe levis nudo, parmaque inglorius alba ■

Quick he was with naked Sword \
But white Shield did Ho praife afford.

Contrariwife , Leigh reckoneth fuch un»
portraited bearing to be good, and withal ve-
ry ancient , grounding his Affertion (if I be
not deceived J upon i Kings 10. 16. where
it is faid that King Solomon made Two hun-
dred Targets of beaten Gold , and that Six
hundred Sheckles of Gold went to a Target ,-
as alfo that he made Three hundred Shields
of beaten Gold, and that Three pound of Gold
went to one Shield.

Alfo we read, that Simon, the High Prieft
of the Jews , ierit Numenius with a Shield of
great value to the Roman State , to confirm
the League of Friendfhip between them , as
appearethin i Macchab. 14. 24.n1 thefe words,
Jlfter this , Simon fent Numenius to Rome ,
with a great Shield of Gold of a thoufand
pound weight, to confirm the friend/hip with
them. And in the Letter of Lucius the Con-
ful , mention is again made of the Thoufand
pound weight of this Golden Shield, 1 Mac-
chab. iy. 16,17,1?.

That thefe Shields
were void of Portrai-
tures, it may be pro-
bably conje&ured , in
that there is no menti-
on of any ; for other-
wife , fuch might have
been the curioufhefs
and excellency of their
Workmanffiip, as that
it might have been
prifed above the worth of the Gold it felf •
An Example whereof Ovid, in Metam lib z
giveth, where, defcribing the glorious beauty
ot the Palace of the Sun, he faith,

G % Ar-

A Difylay of Heraldry.

Sed.IL

Argent i bifores radiabant famine valva,
Matertamfuperabat of us; nam Mukiber illic

Qic.

The two leav 'dfdver gates bright rays did cajl
Rich ftuff,but Vulcans Art therein jtirpajt.

Furthermore, we read that Alexander Se-
vern* the Emperour, had certain Golden
Shields, whofe Bearers were named Chryfoaf-
pides , the Golden Shield-Bearers. And as
touching the Bearers of Shields made of clean
Silver, we read that Alexander Macedo had
fuch , whofe Bearers were named Argyrafpi-
des, Silver Shield-bearers , which manner of
bearing (faith Alex, ab Alex, they borrowed
of the Samnites. Neither is there any men-
tion that thefe were garnifhed with any Em-
bofsments, Graving, or Portraitures.

Now to prove, that not only Metals , but
Colours alfo, have been anciently born alone
in Shields, I will note unto you the words of
the Prophet Naht/m, Chap. 2. where it is faid,
Clypeus potentum ejus rubricatus , bellatores
coccinatL &c. The Shields of the Mighty ones
were red, &c. alluding to their bloody
Fights.

We alfo find that the Grecians ufed Rulfet
Shields. The People of Lucauiain Italyfituz-
ted between Calabria and Apulia , had their
Shields wrought of Ofiers, or Twigs, and co-
vered over with Leather. It was the manner
of the Scythians, Medes, and Ter/ians,to have
their Shields of Red Colour , to the end that
the effufion of their blood Ihould not eafily be
difcovered ( when they received any wound)
either to the difcouragement of themfelves ,
or animating of their Enemies. Moreover ,
thefe Nations ufed Scarlet and Red Colours in
their Military Garments and Shields, to the
end they might thereby ftrike, the greater ter-
ror and aftonilhment into the hearts of their
Enemies. . 1

Of this fort of Bear-
ing, I find in a Note
worthy of credit , a-
mongft the Coat-Ar-
mours of many Noble
Perfonages , and Va-
lorous Gentlemen, that
did attend the Perfon
of King Edward the
Firft (in his Expediti-
on that he made into the parts of Scotland
to the Siege of Kalauerocf) that one Eume-
ntus Je la Brecl , did bear in his Shield only
Gules. Finally, that Furrs alfo have been a-
lone in Shields (without any Charge ) as well
as Metals and Colours ( befides the Coat-Ar-
mour of the Duke of Britain ) I could pro-
duce many Examples even to this day, were
not the ufe hereof fo vulgar , as that it is
altogether impertinent to give inftance therein.

You have received a
Rule before , pag. ij.
r ill llir arid 17. how you ought
to Blazon a Furr of this
fort. This kind of bear-
ing of a Furr without a-
ny other Charge in the
Field , is both ancient
and good, faith Leigh.
And this kind of Furr
is much in ufe with Perfons Nobly defend-
ed, and Gentlemen of good Reputation have
long born the fame ; as Ferrars of Chartley ,
Beauchamp , Somerset , Marmion, Staunton,
and others.

Yet will I note unto you one Coat-Armour
confifting of Furrs , for the beauty and rarity
thereof, and the fame of no Vulgar bearing , .
as you may fee in this next Efcocheon.

He beareth Verrey,
Ermyn and Gules , by
the Name of Grefly ;
and is the Coat- Armour
of Sit Thomas Grefly of
"Drakeloia in the Coun-
ty of Tlarby. Some*
times you may obferve
in this kind of Bearing,
the Metal part charged
with fome other thing than Ermyn,i> /.z.with
Drops or fuch like.

CHAP. II.

FRom Shields or Efcocheons confifting of
one Tincture only, we come to fuch as
have more Tinctures than one. Such
Efcocheon is that, wherein divers Colours are
reprefented to our fight.

Of this fome have Tin-
cture

.Predominating.
^Not Predominating.

Tincture is faid to predominate, when fome
one Metal, Colour, or Furr is fpread, or (at
leaft } underftood to be fpread all over the Su-
perficies or Surface of the Efcocheon , which
we ufually call the Field thereof. In fuch E-
fcocheons as have in them more Tinctures
than one (as is ufual with the greateft number
of them)

We muft obferve the

Field.

Charge,

The Field is the whole Surface (if I may fo

call

Chap. III.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

call it) of the Shield overfpread with fome
Metal, Colour, or Furr, and comprehendeth
in it the Charge, if it hath any. Look how
many Metals, Colours and Furrs there are be-
forenamed , fo many feveral Fields of Anns
there be. In Blazoning of any Arms , you
muft ( according to the Rule given, fag. 9.)
firft exprefsthe Metal, Colour, or Furr of the
Field, laying, HebearethOr, Argent, Gules,
&c. or thus, The Field is Or, Argent, Cules ,
&c. but you muft not name this word Field,
when you ufe thefe words, He beareth ; fay-
ing, He beareth a Field, Or, Argent, Gules,
&c. but you fhall only name the Metal , Co-
lour, or Furr; thus, The Field is Or, Argent,
Gules, Sic. or, He beareth Or, Argent, Gules,
&c. and then proceed to the Blazon of the
Charge, if there be any. The firft Metal ,
Colour , or Furr that you begin to Blazon
withal , is always underftood among our Eng-
hfli Blazoners to be the Field. Alfo in Blazon-
ing of Arms compofed of Field and Charge,
if there be feveral Charges , whereof the one
lieth nearer to the Field than the other , after
you have nominated the Metal, Colour, or
Furr of the Field, then muft you proceed to
the immediate Charge that lieth next to the
Field , and after to that which is more re-
mote.

1 .Whereas I have formerly made mention
of Tinctures or Colours; when I fpeak of
the Tindures or Colours of Fields , I under-
ftand thereby, thofe fpecial Colours before-
named, which as by a certain peculiar Right
belong to the Art Armorial ; utterly ex-
cluding all thofe that are named general or
proper Colours, as altogether unfit for Fields of
Coat-Armours.

C H A P. 1 1 1.

THefe Fields are the parts of Arms.con-
tainmg : Charges, which are the parts
contained, are next to be confidered.
A Charge , is that thing whatfoever that
doth occupy theField,and is in the fame asCoti-
tentum in Continente, whether it be Senfitive
or Vegetable, Natural or Artificial , and is pla-
ced, either throughout all the Superficies of
the Efcocheon, orelfeinfome fpecial part of
the fame. r
The Common Accidents of Charges

C Adumbration, or Tranfparency.

Tranfmutation, or Counter-changing.

Adumbration or Tranfparency is a clear ex-
emption of the Subftance of the Charge or
thing born, in fuchfort, as that there remain-
eth nothing thereof to be difcerned, but the

Are ^

naked and bare proportion of the outward li-
neaments thereof, or the outward Trad",
Purile, or Shadow of a thing; and fuch kind
of Bearing is , by better Heralds than Gram-
marians, termed Tranfparent, quaji traufpa-
rens; becaufe the Field, being ( as it were")
on the further fide of the Charge , or under-
neath the fame, yet the Tincture and Colour
thereof lheweth clean through the Charge,
and that no lefs clearly than as if it werti
through a Glafs.

In Blazoning of Coat-Armour of this kind,
you fliall fay that the Owner thereof beareth
this Beaft, Bird, Tree, &c.umbrated ; for that
by reafon of the exemption of the Subftance
thereof, which was intended to be the Charge,
it affordeth no other reprefentation than the
fimple Shadow thereof, which in Latin is cal-
led Umbra , and thereof is it termed umbra^
ted. And the portraying out of any thing
umbrated , is nothing elfe but a fleight and
fingle draught or Purfle , traced out with a
Pencil, expre/Jing to the view a vacant form
of a thing deprived of all Subftance , which
muft be done with fome imperfect orobfeure
Colour, as Black or Tawny, unlefs the Field be
of the fame Colour,

Such Bearing hath undergone the fharp Cen-
fureof thofe that judged it to have been oc-
cafioned by reafon of fome ungentleman-like ,
or unthrifty quality , in regard that the fame
reprefenteth a Shadow void of Subftance. O-
thers are of Opinion, that their Owners were
fuch, whofe Progenitors in fore-paffed times-
have born the fame effentially and compleatly
according to the true ufe of Bearing : But for-
afmuch as their Patrimony and Poifeftions
were much impaired, or utterly wafted; their
Nephews and Kinfmen feeing themfelves de-
prived of their Inheritance, and yet living in
hope, that in future time the fame may ( by
fome unexpected Accident ) revert unto them-
felves, or to their Pofterities (laying afide all
ordinary differences ) chufe rather to bear
their Arms umbrated, that whenfoever either
that Inheritance , or any other high Fortunes
mould light on their Family , they might a-
agam refume the wonted Subftance to fuch
their umbrated form , and fo,' reduce their
Arms to their ancient Bearing. And it is
deemed a far better courfe ( upon fuch occa-
fion ) to bear the Arms of their Progenitors,
umbrated, than utterly to reject the fame ,
whereby it might ( within a few Defcents J
be doubted much, if not denied , that they
were defcended from fuch a Family.

Whatfoever is born with Arms umbrated ,
muft not be charged in any cafe." In Blazon-
ing you muft never nominate the Colour of
fuch Tract of the thing that is umbrated, be-
caufe they do only bear a fhew of that
they are not , that is to fay , of a Charge ;
and therefore is the Colour of fuch Adumbra-
tion efteemed unworthy to be named in Bla-

A Difplay of Heraldry.

SMI

zon. As touching the diftrlbution of Charges, I
it is to be obferved, that

(. Proper,

All Charges of Arms are either< or,

t Common.

Thofc Charges are faid to be proper, which
by a certain property do particularly belong
to this Art , ahd are of ordinary ufe there-
in , in regard whereof they are called Ordi-
naries : And they have alfo the Title of Ho-
nourable Ordinaries , in that the Coat-Ar-
mour is much honoured thereby, forafmuch
as they are oftentimes given by Emperours,
Kings, and Princes , as Additions of Honour
unto the Coat- Armours of Perfons of Defert,
for fome fpecial Service already paft, or upon
hope of fome future worthy Merit. Moreo-
ver ( as Leigh ilieweth ) they are alfo called,
Moft worthy Partitions, in refpecl that albeit
the Field be charged in divers parts thereof,
whether with things of one or of divers
kinds , yet is every of them as effectual as if
it were only one by the Sovereignty of thefe
Partitions being interpofed between them.

fMaking.
In thefe we muft confiders

their CManner of Bearing.

The making of Ordinaries confifteth of
Lines diverfly compofed. Lines therefore are

the matter whereof thefe Ordinaries are form-
ed , and according to the divers Tracts and
Forms of Lines , they . do receive a diverfe
lhape and variation of Names. For this caufe
Lines muft be duly confidered , and efpecially
their Properties ; in fpeaking whereof, I muft
crave pardon of Euclid's Artifts , if I trace
not in their Steps and Definitions , but ufe
fuch Defcription as fhall be ritteft for our nra
cTrife. V

< Rightnefs.
The Properties of thofe Lines<

are their C Crookednefs.

'Dine [tint linea ex quiius figiira omnes
comfonnntur , line a retla , &' Imea curva
Zanch. lib. 5. cap. 422. ' i

Rightnefs is a property of a Line whereby
it is carried levelly or equally throughout the
Efcocheon, without either rifing or tailing.

Crookednefs is a property of a Line meerly
contrary to Rightnefs , in that it is carried un-
evenly throughout the Efcocheon, with rifing
and falling.

In Blazoning of Ordinaries formed of
ftreight Lines , you muft only name the Or-
dinary, without making mention of the
ftreightnefs of the Line , whereof the fame is
compofed : But if the fame be made of any of
the manifold forts of crooked Lines , the form
of fuch crookednefs muft be efpecially menti-
oned, as by Examples ihall be made plain here-
after in their proper places.

Xrofs,

Chief,
Pale,

Thefe Honourable Ordi- ' Bend,
naries before menti- ' Fefs,
oned ( according to > Efcocheon,

Leigh~)nre in number
Nine, vt z.

Cheuron,
Saltire,
Barr,

j. Part of the Efcocheon uncharged,

and charged the 3.
3. Part.
3. Part.

5- Part uncharged , and charged
the j.

' whofe Content is< 3. Part.

" y . Part.

y. Part according to Leigh : the j. ac-
cording to Chaffa.
f. Part uncharged , and charged the
I third part thereof.
If. Part.

As touching the Properties of a crooked
Line, it is to be obferved, that

C Bunched.
A crooked Line is <

C Cornered.

jTnvecked, J
Engrailed, J
Waved,

Nebula,

A Bunched Line is that which is carried
with round reflections or bowing up and down,
making divers hollow Crooks or Furrows, by
reafon of the fundry Bendings to and fro , as
by thefe Examples next following may ap«
pear.

Of thefe
fome are

As in Example, '

1 1

Chap. IV.

A Bifflay of Heraldry.

A Corner Line is framed of fundry Lines meeting together cornenvife.

RedvAnguled : fo called of their
right Corners or Angles, and arc-
formed after this manner,

ed Lines,", ' flndented,

feme are Acute-Anguled : fo na- 1 after thls
med becaufe their I manner '

Of corner-

Corners or ,

are Acute or Siiarp : i
„_j — „ r>i winch are

and thefe v/e call

Angles*: ,
Sharn.J D ? unfe ">

1 winch a
formed
I after this
Uort,

WWVVWvV

AAAAAAAA 1

Note , That thefe two laft mentioned forts
Ot Lines, vtz. Indented and Daunfett, are
both one, ficundum quale, but not fecund urn
quantum: For their form is all one but in
quantity they differ much, in that the one is
much wider and deeper than the other

S« A mT 6 teVe ™} forts of Lines > Exam-
ples fhall be g,ven hereafter, as occafion ftfll

CHAP. IV.

HAving fpoken of the Properties of Lines
Jo much as ferves for our intended pur -
pofe ; let us next take a view of the fe-
deral kinds of thofe Lines, as far forth as thev
have ufe in Heraldry. J

For they are ufed

^Single.
.Manifold.

Of both which kinds and forms are all the
Honourable Ordinaries compofed, as we ihall
iliew hereafter. And firft for the fmgle Line
and their ufe it is to be underftoodfthat one
flngle Line doth make that fort of Ordinary
which we name a Chief. A Chief is an Or-
dinary determined by fome one of the feve-
ral forms ot Lines aforefaid , added to the
Chief part of the Efcocheon: As in Exam-

He beareth Gules, a
Chief, Argent , by the
Name of Worjley, and
is tile Coat of Thomas
Worfley of Havivgham
in the North Riding of
Tarijbire, Efquire. Or,
a Chief, Gules , is born
by Sir Martin Lumley I
Knight and Baronet.

When I fay that a Chief is determined by-
one Line, I mean not, that one fmgle Line is
of it f elf a compleat Chief, but that the bounds
and proportion of fuch an Ordinary is defin-
ed out, and limited by fuch a fmgle Line:
tor otherwife , to fpeak more properly, a
Chief containeth in depth the third part of
tne Meld ; and the fame may be diminifhed,
but m no ca fe divided into halves. The
Chief betokeneth a Senator or Honourable
Herfonage borrowed from the Greeks, and is
a ord figmfy.ng H ead, in which %fe #e
cMLaptaneus ( fo named <rf Caput, the Head ^
a Clueftain: though he fpake wi tily , who
denved the name of a Cap'tam, a capiendo®
tenendo, of taking and then holding : For,

Non minor eft virtus, quim qutrere, fart a

( tueri :

No fmallerpraife is in it,
To hold a Fort, than win it.

fo -the chief m the Efcocheon mould be are-'
ward of fuch only, whole high merits have
procured them chief place, eheem, or love
amongft men This Ordinary m our Exam!
pie you fee is formed of a Wight Line -
you mull therefore in the Blazon thereof'
only name the kind of Ordinary fas before

toftSf? '™, ki "gnomenLiat a of
the ftreightnefsof the Line : but if the fame

torm than ftreight then mufl you exprelly
mention the form of the Line whereof fuch
Ord.nary iscompofed, be it Bend, Cheuron,
t els, Salt,re, &c. ihewing the fame to be either
Invecked, Engrailed, Wavy, Indented,

4°

A Difflay of Heraldry.

He beareth Gules, a
Chief Crenel, Argent;
by the Name of Ryn-
cefler. This term is
derived of the French
word Crene, which fig-
nifieth the Dent or
Notch in the Horn of a
'Bow , or'fuch other
thing. There is a kind
of Bearing much like unto this in fliew , but
yet far different frdm it in kind : Therefore
"ood deliberation muft be ufcd , left being
carried away with 'a deceivable appearance,
we do utterly miftake the truth of things in
Blazoning.

Chiefs are made of nil thofe feveral forms of
Lines beforementioned, as well as other Char-
ges, as by the Examples of Bordures before-
handled, may in part appearand Ihall be more
fully fliewed hereafter in other kinds.

The Field is Tenn, a
Chief, Or,charged with
a Shapournet, Ermyn.
This tearm Shapournet
( if I miftake not ) is
derived from theFrench
word Chaperon, which
fignifieth a Hood ,
whereof this is a Dimi-
nutive , and beareth a
,-efemblance. Leigh feemeth to take this form
of Bearing to be a kind oi Partition, and for
that caufe doth extend the dividing Line (as
in this Efcocheon) to the extremities of the
Chief; for which caufe I have inferred the
fame (although untimely) in this place,which
othenvife I would have refcrved to fome o-
ther. For mv own part , I take the fame to
be rather a Charge to the Chief, than a Por-
tion thereof, diitinguiihed from the fame only
by a conceited Line of Partition, never here-
tofore heard of: which moved me to Ihorten
the Head of the rifing Line , whereby the
middle part hath the more refcmblance of a
Chaperon or Hood , in refped that it is made
large below , and fo afcending with a comely
narrownefs to the top of the Chief : and if the
Chief be the Head, as before we faid , what
place can be fitter for the Hood to be on, than
the Head ?

A Chief (faith Sir John Feme) may be
honoured of another , as an Addition to the
former , as in Examples :

He beareth Gules , a
Chief, Argent, fur-
mounted of another,
Or. This is accounted
good Armory , and fig-
nifieth a double Reward
given by the Soveraign.
So well may a Gentle-
man deferve in giving
Counfel to his Sove-
raign , that he may be twice rewarded for the
fame/as was the Bearer hereof, a French
Counfellor , which when it hapneth, muft be
placed in this manner : Thofe Additions of
Honour that are given in reward for Coun-
fel or wife Actions , are thought to be placed
moft fitly on the chief part or head of the
Efcocheon, Quia « Capile edendaefl omnu ra-
tio, Becaufe alt Reafon proceedeth from the
Brain. That contrariwile a Chief maybeal-
fo diminifhed , this next Example may teach

He beareth Or , a
Chief, Azure , a Fillet
in the neither part
thereol'Argent. Some
perhaps ftri&ly obferv-
ing the Form of my un-
dertaken Method, will
conceive that this Coat
might have been more
fitly placed hereafter a-
mong fuch Ordinaries as are made of a two-
fold Line. Neverthelefs, though it may feenj
to be of the number of thofe, yet in very deed,
one Line being added to the lower part of the
Chief, doth conftitute a Fillet, whole Con-
tent muft be the fourth part of the Chief, and
muft be placed properly and naturally in the
precife loweft part thereof. For a twofold
refpec* was the name of Fillet given it ; the
one in regard of the thing wheeeunto it is re-
fembled, by reafon of the length and narrow-
nefs thereof; and the other becaufe of the
place wherein it is bellowed. For as the
Fillet is lhaped long and narrow, for the
more commodious ufe of women , in trailing
up of their hair, as alfo for the faftning of
their Head-tires , and reftraining of their hair
from fcattering about their brows ; fo is this
very aptly placed on the Chief, which is the
Head of the Efcocheon , and doth confine and
encompafs the uttermoft Borders of the fame.
This Head-tire being taken from Women ,
may well fit an uxorious or luxurious perfon ,
or fuch an one, as in matters of importance is
overfwayed by a woman : which doth not a
little extenuate and impair their Dignity or E-
ftimation amongft thofe of graver fort ; lor that
they are deemed to have their head fixed upon
the flioulders of others.and thofe of the weak-

6rSeX - CHAP.

Cha P V - A Diftlay of Heraldry.

CHAP. V.

Hitherto hath our Pencil drawn out to
your view, a (ingle Line, which doth
i cre ate an Ordinary, or fome other of
the Charges laft mentioned, it refteth that I
ihew what a manifold Line is , and the ufe

c e ^°[' u CC ,° rdln S to theprojeclof our pre-
-fixed Method. I call that a Manifold Line

when as more than one Line are required to the
-perfecting of an Ordinary*

(Twofold.
•Manifold Lines are <

(More than twofold.

Twofold Lines I underftand to be there ,
where is conftituted an Ordinary of two Lines.
Of which kind of Ordinaries are thefe only
■viz. The Pale Bend, Fefs, Barr, Quarter,
Canton, and their like, as Jliall appear by Ex-
ample in their feveral places : Firlt of a Pale.

A Pale is an Ordinary confifting of two
Lines drawn perpendicularly from the Top to
the Bafe of the Efcocheon, comprehending the
third part of the Efcocheon. The content of
the Pale muft not be enlarged , whether it be
charged or not.

He beareth Gules, a
Pale, Or; which Coat
was born very ancient-
ly by Hugh de Grand-
mefnil, Lord of Hmk-
ley in LeicefterJIjire ,
and Lord High Steward
of England, in the time
of King Henry the Firft,

„ ■ „ ■ m , whofe Daughter and
Heir, called Fame!, was married to Robert
Beaumont third Earl of Leicefter, who in her
right was Lord High Steward of England.

This Ordinary is fubdivided into

CPallet.
C Endorfe .

A Pallet is the moiety, or one half of the
Vale , and thereof receiveth his name of Di-
minution as being a Demy or little Pale. And
an Endorle is the Fourth part of a Pallet. Ex-
ample of each enfueth.

He beareth Azure, a
Pallet, Argent.The Pal-
let is never charged
with any thing, either
quick or dead , neither
may it be parted in any
cafe into two , as fome
Armorifts do hold ■ but
that it may be parted
into fom,Leigh maketh

.oqueftion: tafr^-SSajBfS

bearing of the fourth part thereof, v/hich he
termethan Endorfe, as in this next Efcoche-
on appeareth : But Sir John Feme faith it
contameth the eighth part of the Pale, which
mefFeclis all one with the fourth part of the
Pallet.

He beareth Or, an
Endorfe, Gules. This
Endorfe ( faith Leigh j
is not ufed but when
a Pale is between two
of them. But Sir John.
Feme faith, he was ve-
ry confident and bold to
fet down fuch Rules of
„ , . Blazon. And that an

Lndorfe may very well be born in any Coat-
Armour between Birds , Fifties, Eowls, Beafts
&c But then (faith he) it fheweth that the'
lame Coat hath been fometimes two Coats of
Arms, and after conjoyned within one Efco-
che ° n ,> for fome myftery or fecret of Arms.
And for the approbation of fuch Bearing, he
giveth an inftance of an Efcocheon of pre-
tence or Engiflet ( fo he termeth it ) born o-
ver thefe four Coats , viz. of Anuria, Bur-
gundy Sicily, and Flanders, which is, Or an
Endorfe between a Lyon faliant, and an Eagle
difplayed, Gules. s

Now from the Pale , and the feveral Sub-
u jT £ ereof » Iet u * come to the Bend, and
the difhnct parts of the fame. A Bend is an
Ordmary confifting alfo of twofold Lines
drawn overthwart the Efcocheon , from the
Dexter Chief to the Sinifter bafe point of the
lame, fo that the exacl: point of the Dexter
and Sinifter corners thereof, may anfwer to the
precife midft of thofe Equidiftant Lines
whereof the Bend is made : As in Example.

He beareth Of, a
Bend, Sable. Which
Arms were anciently
bom by Teter de Ma-
lolacu, or Ma-jvley , a
Noble Baron of this
Kingdom, in the time
of King Eduvard the
Third. The Bend con-
tameth in bredth the
fifth part of the Field ,
as it is uncharged ; but
if it be charged, then foall it contain the third
Pm t ler ^ ,,° f a" the Ordinaries there i,
none divided like this, as by Example fhali
hereafter appear. e

The Bencf feemethtohave its Denominati-
on from the French word Bender , which hV-
mfieth to ft retch forth, becaufe it is extended
betwm thofe oppofit points of the Efcocheon
■viz. the Dexter Chief, and the Sinifter Bafe
Yet in ancient Rules J find the Bend drawn
iomewhat Arch-wife, or after the refemblance

8 of

4 2

A Difflay of Heraldry.

of the bent of a Bow. Notwithstanding, ac-
cording to fome Armorifts, it doth reprefent
a Ladder fet aflope on this manner, to fcale
the Walls of any Caftle or City , as (hall be
fliewed hereafter, and betokeneth the Bearer
to have been one of the firft that mounted
upon the Enemies Walls. This Bend drawn
from the right fide to the left , is called a Bend
Dexter ; but you lhall alfo find a Bend exact-
ly drawn like to this on the contrary fide, ha-
ving his beginning from the left corner of the
Chief, and his termination in the Dexter bale
point of the Efcocheon , for which caufe it is
named a Bend Sinifter, as in Example here-
after (hall illuftrate. In Elazoning of Bends,
if the fame be Dexter, you lhall only fay, He
bears a Eend , not ufing the word Dexter ;
but if it be drawn from the Sinifter Chief to
the Dexter Bafe, then you muft in Blazon by
no means omit the word Sinifter.

Note, That the Bend, and divers other Or-
dinaries following , are fubject to exemption
or voiding. Voiding ( as earft we mewed 1
is the exemption of fome part of the inward
Jubilance of thingsvoidable,by occalion where-
of the Field is tranfparent through the
Charge , leaving only the outward Edges ,
bearing the colour and quantity of the Charge,
as appeareth in this next Efcocheon,

He beareth Ermyn ,
a Bend voided , Gules,
by the name of Irelon.
Note, that if the void
part of the Bend were
of a different Metal,
Colour, or Furr, from
the Field, then Ihould
you term the fame , a
Bend bordured , Gules,
( according to the opinion of fome Armorifts:)
But I amor opinion that it were better Bla-
zoned , a Bend of fuch and fuch a Metal, Co-
lour, or Furr edged. For this Difference do
I put between them , that when it is blazon-
ed edged, it muft be underflood to be an edge
or hem , running along the fides only ; but
if it were termed in blazon Bordured , thert
muft it be conceived that the Bend is inviron-
ed round, as well the ends as the edges.

He beareth Argent,
a Bend engrailed , Sa-
ble , by the Name of
Radclyff. This with
the Arms of ZJljler, is
the Paternal Coat-Ar-
mour of the Honoura-
ble Sir Francis Radclyff
of Dilfton in Northum-
berland, Baronet, of
which Family there have been Six Earls of
Stifle x ; -viz. Robert Radchff Vifcount Fitz,-
water, created Earl of StiJJex by King Henry

the Eighth, Anno 1529. and one of the Knights
of the Honourable Order . of the Garter.
2. Henry Earl of Sujjex, Knight of the Gar-
ter, who was indulged by Patent from Queen
Mary, for fome 'eminent Services performed
by him, that he might at any time ftahd Co-
vered in her prefence ; an Honour never grant-
ed to any Subject of England , neither before
nor fince that time , no, not to the Prince or
Heir apparent to the Crown , as Dr. Cham-
berlain , inhis c Prefent State of England, fag.
160. takes notice of. 5. Thomas Earl of Suj-
\'ex, Knight of the Garter , and Lord Cham-
berlain to Queen Elizabeth, who went Gene-
ral into the North. 4. Henry YjctX of Sti fle x,
Knight of the Garter. Robert Earl of

Sujjex, alfo Knight of the Garter : And 6.Ed-
ward Earl of Suffex. Of this Family were
alfo two more Knights of the G6ti<ac,vis&. Sir
John Radclyff in the time of King Henry the
Sixth, who was alfo Knight Banneret , Lord
High Steward of Aquitain , Conftable of Bor-
deaux, and Earl of Longuevilk in France, as
appears by the Records in the Tower: And
Sir Richard Radclyff in the time ofKingi?/-
chard the Third.

Argent, a Bend engrailed, Gules, is the Pa-
ternal Coat-Armour of that ancient Family of
the Colefeppers of Kent ; the chief of which
is the Right Honourable Thomas Lord Cole-
pepper , Baron of Thoruffvay, now refiding at
Leeds-Caftle in the faid County. This Coat
alfo appertained: to Sir Thomas Colepepper of
Trefton-haU'm Aylesford in the faid County,
Baronet.

This Ordinary is compofed of divers other
of the Forms of Lines befbrementioned,as fun-
dry other of the Ordinaries are, as by thefe
next, and other fubfequent Examples in their
due places lhall appear.

He beareth Argent,
a Bend wavy , Sable.
This Coat-Armour per-
taineth to Henry Jl'al-
Icp of Farleigh-waUop
in the County of South-
ampton , Efq; This is
termed wavy, or wa-
ved, in refpecl it bear-
eth a Reprefentation
of the fwelling Waves or Billows of the Sea,
which being tolled by contrary flaws of
Wind, do rife and fall after ^hs manner': And
this alfo by fome is called Unde, of the Latin
word ZJnda.

This form of Bearing may put us in mind of
the manifold (and thole inevitable, yet pro-
fitable ) afflictions which do attend this Mor-
tal ftateofours; for fo hath God ordained
that they Ihould be means to win arid bring
us to himfelf, therefore muft we receive them
patiently, as the evident tokens of Gods great
Love and Mercy. As the Preacher admonifiV

eth

Chap V.

A Difplay of Heraldry,

ethus, faying, Whatjoever comet himto thee,
receive it patiently, and be patient in the
change of thine afflictions ; for as Gold and
Silver u tried in the fire, even fo are men
acceptable in the furnace of Adverfity. Be-
lieve in God and he will help thee , order
thy way aright, and trti/i in him, hold f aft hk
fear, and grow old therein.

He beareth Azure, a
Bend Crenelle, Argent,
by the name of Wal-
leyes. What Crenelle
is , I have before fhew-
ed. After this manner,
Souldiers, in default of
Scaling Ladders, ufed
to nick or fcore a piece
of Timber with their
Swords Q for want of better Tools ) and fo
found means to afcend the Walls, and furprife
the Enemies.

He beareth Sable , a
Bend flory, Argent., by
the Name of Highlord
of Mi c ham in Surrey,
Gent.

He beareth Gules,
two Bends, Verrey ,
by the Name of
Fagge. This, with
the Arms of Vlft er ,
is the Paternal Coat-
Armour of Sir John
Fagge of Wifton in
Sujjex, Baronet.

He beareth Gules ,
two Bends, Vaire, on
a Canton, Or, an An-
chor, Sable. This is
the Coat-Armour of
Sir Richard Ford of
the City of London,
Knight ", and Lord
Mayor thereof, Anno
1671.

He beareth Pearl,
three Bendlets in the
Sinifter Chief, Ruby;
and is the Paternal
Coat-Armour of the
Right Honourable Ri-
chard Lord Byron
Baron of Rochdale in
Lancqfljire.

(Such as are deduced
The parts of a Bend are< from it.

CBendeiet.

Such as are derived from a
Bend do contain

.Half.

.Lefs than half.

That which containeth half the Bend is cal-
led a Gartier, whereof you have here an Ex-
ample in this Efcocheon.

He beareth Or , a
Gartier, Gules. This
is derived either from
the French word Iar-
tier , or elfe from the
Norman word Gartier,
both which are the
fame that we call in
Engliih a Garter , the
form whereof this
Charge doth reprefent. It is a Name of Ho-
nourable efteem in Engliih Heraldry , and it
gave beginning to the mod Renowned Or-
der of Knighthood , of which Colledge and
Society have been more Kings and Princes
and princely Peers , than of all the Knightly
Orders befides in Chriftendom. This contain-
eth half the Bend in bignefs,

Such as do contain lefs than half 4

the Bend, are C Riband,

Both which be exemplified in thefe nex£
Efcooheons.

The Field is Gules , a
Colt , Or. The Con-
tent of this is the fourth
part of the Bend , and
half the Garter, and is
fometimes called a Co-
tife, and alfo' a Battoon
(as Leigh notethl :' But
Bard maketh a Cotife
and the Battoon two di-
fhn& things. The word Colt or Cotife is de-
rived from the Latin word Cofia, which fifxni-
fieth a Rib, either of Man "or BeafL And
Fame/ins faith,Co/?^ d cv.tfodieitdo funt diEla ,
H % Farn.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Se&.II.

Earn. 1.45. When one of thefe isborn alone,
as in this Efcocheon, then lhall you term it in
Blazon a Colt ; but if they be born by couples
in any Coat ( which is never , faith Leigh ,
but when a Bend is placed between two of
them ) then you may name them Cotizes,as in
Example :

He beareth Or , a
Bend,Verrey,between 2
Cotifes or Cofls,Gules.
This Coat pertaineth to
Sir Edmund Boi&yer of
Camberivel in theCoun-
ty of Surrey, Knight.
Not unfitly are thefe
fo termed Cofls or Co-
tifes, in refpect they
are placed upon each fide of the Bend, and do
indole the fame, as the Ribs of Man, or of
Beaft, do bound and defend their Intrails. And
concerning fuch Charges or Fields compofed
of Verrey, I refer you ( for the avoiding of
needlefs repetition ) to the Rules before deli-
vered. Note, That as well the Subdivifions
of Ordinaries , as the Ordinaries themfelves,
are formed of the feveral forts of Lines before
exprelfed, as maybe gathered out of Upton,
whofe Opinion you (hall hear when we come to
fpeak of Battoons.

He beareth Or , a
Riband, Gules. This
is that other Subdivifi-
on that is derived from
a Bend, and doth con-
tain the eighth part
thereof. The Name
accordeth well with the
Form and Quantity of
the fame, in that it is
long and narrow , which is the right fhape of a
Riband.

Thus much may fufficc touching the Bend
Dexter, and the Subdivifion thereof: Let us
now confider the Bend Sinifler , and how the
fame is fubdivided. A Bend Sinifter is an Or-
dinary confifting of a twofold Line, drawn
traverfe the Efcocheon, from the Siniller chief
corner to the Dexter bafe point ; and differeth
(as we faid)from the Dexter Bend only in this,
that it is placed on the oppofite part of the Ef-
cocheon, as in Example.

He beareth Argent,
a Bend Sinifter, Vert.
You may perhaps fome-
times find this Bend
born jointly with the
Bend Dexter in one Ef-
cocheon, which to look
upon arc much like un-
to a Saltire In Coats

of fuch Bearing .

you

muft carefully obferve which of them lyeth
next to the Field, and that muft be firft named.
And this Rule holdeth not alone herein , but
alfo in all other Coat-Armours formed of divers
Charges , whereof the one lieth nearer to the
Field than the other, according to the fixth
Rule of Blazon formerly given.

The Bend Sinifter is fubdivided into a

( Scarp.
.Battoon.

A Scarp (as Leigh noteth) is that kind of
Ornament (much in ufe with Commanders
in the Field) which we do ufually call a Scarf,
as may be gathered by the derivation thereof
from the French word Efcharfe , fignifying
that Ornament which ufually is worn by Mar-
tial men after the fame manner from the left
Shoulder overthwart the Body, and fo under
the Arm on the right fide, as in Example.

He beareth Argent,
a Scarp , Azure. You
need not in Blazon
thereof make any men-
tion of this word Sini-
fter , becaufe it is never
born otherwife than
thus. Notwithftanding
this Charge hath fome
refemblance of the com-
mon Note of Ulegitimation : yet is it not the
fame, neither hath it any fuch fignification
for that it agreeth not with the Content there-
of, nor with the manner of bearing the fame,
as is plain by this next Efcocheon.

He beareth Or, a
Battoon, Gules. This
word Battoon is derived
from the French word
Bafton, which fignifieth
a Wand or Cudgel . The
Frenchmen do ufually
bear their Battoon ( as
it were) couped after
this manner ; whereof
I do better allow, than of that form which is
commonly ufed among us in England, becaufe
the fame being fo born , doth better refemble
the fliape or form of a Cudgel or Battoon. And
though this hath the form and quantity of a
Coft, yet it differeth from the fame, in that the
Coft is extended to the extremities of the Ef-
cocheon, whereas the Battoon lhail be couped,
and touch no part of the fame, as by this Ef-
cocheon appeareth. This is the proper and
mofhifual Note of Ulegitimation (perhaps for
the affinity betwixt Bafton and Baftards; or elfe
for that Baftards loft the priviledge of Free-
men, and fo were fubjedt to the fervile ftroke)
and it containeth the fourth part of the Bend
Sinifter; and being thus born, differeth from

all

Chap. IV.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

all the Subdivifions of the Ordinaries before
manifefted fufficiently , what conformity foe-
ver any of them may feem to have therewith.
This Mark was devifed both to reftrain men
truly generous , from the filthy (lain of this
bafe (but common) fin, when they confider,
that fuch accufation to themfelves, andihame
to their Iifue, lhall never be fevered from their
Coat- Armour, which mould be the Blazon of
their Honour. For let the fpurious Birth have
never fo Noble a Father , yet he is Bafe-born i
and Bafe will be ever the firft fyllable in a Ba-
llards name, till by his own Virtues he hath
walfied off the ftains of his Fathers Vice , as
many high Spirits have done ; who though fo
born, have attained to the higher* pitch of
Glory. Every Baftard may have his Battoon
of what colour he will,but not of Metal,\vhich
is for the Baftards of Princes. At the firft,Ba-
ftards were prohibited to bear the Arms of
their reputed Fathers. Then ( faith Sir John
Feme in his Glory of Genero~fity~) they did
by fuit obtain a toleration from Sovereigns and
Kings , to be made Legitimate , and to be
matriculated by the Kings Grant, as Children
lawfully born : which Grant did enable them
to be capable of many Immunities and Prero-
gatives which others lawfully begotten do en-
joy : and fo by fuch Legitimation they are dif-
charged of all thofe difhonours Which in former
time they were fubject unto; and were acquit-
ted from the {lain of their Baftardy , Excepto
qubd ex tali legitimatione non admittebantur
ad Jura Sanguinis cum all is Film : Except on-
ly, 'that they had not the right of Blood and
Inheritance thereby ; to participate with the
lawful Inheritance of their Father, as appear-
eth Judges 1 1 . And when the womans Chil-
dren were come to age, they thruffout Jepthah,
faying, Thou fialt not inherit in our Fathers
Bouje , for thou art the Son of a firange IVo-
tnan. By pretence of thefe Legitimations,they
bear the Coat-Armour of their reputed Ance-
ftors , With a fign of Baftardy, now common-
ly known to every man, by reafon of frequent
ufe : which mark ( as fome do hold ) neither
they nor their Children lhall ever remove or
layafide, Ne j'ordes per error em inter prteci-
fuos repntentur ; Lelt the Fruits of Luff mould
by errour gam the eftimation of Genera-
lity.

It is not lawful for thofe that are bafe born
to ufurp the Arms of their reputed Fathers.un-
lefs it be branded with certain Notes or Marks
proper to men Illegitimate, devifed of fet pur-
pofe to feparate and diftinguifli them from fuch
as proceed from lawful Matrimony. More-
over , it is often queftioned , Whether fuch as
be illegitimated ( by Aft of Parliament , or
whatfoever other means ) may bear, or af-
fume the bearing of the Arms of their repu-
ted Fathers ? Some are of Opinion they may ,
Others do hold the contrary , imlefs they "do
bear them with the appofiti'on of fome of the

beforementioned Notes appropriated to the
quality of their Illegitimate Generation and
Procreation. By Legitimate IHue , is not to
be underftood Legitimate only, that is to fay
fuch as be adopted Children : For there is in
fuch but a bare imitation of Nature, of fuch
we have no ufe in this Land of Adoption or
Arrogation. But of fuch as are both Natural
ann Legitimate ; Natural fo termed, (Mdnd
matter generati; Legitimate , Ex Legiti-
maparentnm conjunBione approbata per Le-
ges. Such as are otheru ife begotten are Ba-
ltards, and the Iffue of an unlawful Bed.

ConfanguinityisaBondor Link of Perfons
deicended of the fame Stock, derived from Car-
nal Propagation : Sd called, Confanguinitas ,
quafi Janguinisunitas, viz. the unity or com-
munity of Blood.

To clifcern priority or nearnefs in Blood,two
things mud be regarded principally ; viz.. Li-
ned and Gradns : The Line is that , that ga-
thered! together the Perfons containing their
Degrees.and diiimguiihing them in their Num-
bers. This is called ColleBio Terfonarum.
The other, viz. Gradns , meweth the ftate
or condition of the dittant Perfons, how hear
they he, or, how far diftant afunder (in them-
lelves) from their common Stock , or either
from other. This is called Habitudo diftanti-
nmperfonarum. Et dicitur Gradns, ad fimi-
litudinem fcalarum gradnum , five locorum
froclivium- quia it a gradimnr, de proximo
ad proximum.

-T-i • i r . K Afcendins.

This beforementioned Line h{ Defending
threefold, viz. ( Collateral

The Afcending Line is, from me to my Fa-
ther, Grandfather, and fo upwards.

The Defending Line,is from me to my Son
Nephew, his Son, downwards.

The Collateral Line is placed on either fide.

C Equal.
This Line alfo is twofold, viz. 2

t Unequal.

The Equal Collateral is that , where equal-
ly the Perfons differ from their Common Stock-
as Brothers and Sifters be equally diftant from
their Father : As alfo Brothers and Sifters Chil-
dren from their Grandfather.

The Unequal Collateral is, where one pre-
cedeth another : Such are Brothers , and their
Brothers and Sifters Children.

Affinity is ( after the Laws ~) c Perfonarum
proximitas proveniens ex juftis nuptiis ; A
nearnefs of Perfons proceeding from lawful
Marriage. So called Affimtas, quafi dnarum
ad unumfinem unit as ; A union or confolida-
tion of two that be of divers Kindreds by Mar,
nage or other Copulation conjoyncd.

A 6

A Difptay

of Heraldry.

By this, Affinity is contracted two manner
of ways, viz.

rLawful Marriage.
(^Unlawful Knowledge.

The firft is thus contracted ; My Brother and
I are Confanguine in the firft degree, He ta-
keth a Wife, her they call, perfqnam add it am
ferfona per cartas copulam. This is the firft
kind of Affinity (contracted by means of my
Brother) viz. between his Wife and me, and
the firft degree : for thus they be the Kindred
and Degrees) difcerned in Affinity, viz. by
the perlons that be in Confanguinity or Blood,
either nearer or farther off. As for Exam-
ple :

My Brother is in the firft degree to me in
Confanguinity ; his Wife in Affinity : My Bro-
thers Son in the fecond, his Nephew in the
third, his Nephews Son in the fourth. They
in Confanguinity :, Their Wives in the fame
degrees , fecond, third, or fourth unto me,
but they in Affinity.

Note that they attain not ( in me ) by their
addition that, that I have attained (by Blood)
in the perfons to whom they be added. For
herein, that is to fay, in Attinency we be di-
ilinguifhed in Confanguinity and Affinity. To
make it plain : My Brother is my Confanguine,
his Wife my Affine, only they retain and par-
ticipate with me the degre ( e, whether it be lirft,
fecend, third, or fourth ; that I have with the
perfons that they be carnally known by , the-
which they alter not.

Confequently they fhall be every perfon in
Confanguinity to my Wife, in Affinity to me,
in what degree in the one, in that degree in the
other. But always in the firft kind, be they
Brother, Sifter, Nephew, Neece, &c. But to
return to our Battoon.eV/ro;/ calleth this Bafton
or Eattoon, a FilTure , and making mention of
the variable forms thereof, faith, Jfta Fiffiira
tot modts variantnr , quot modu flint benda :
Thefe FiiTures have as many varieties of forms
as the Bends have.

~Flan<c, If Plain.
\higredi,it,c,( Nlngrailed.
luveclie, ^vlnvecked.
)FuJilata,, (. )Fufile.
Gobonattt. J( Gobonated.

For there are of,
them (faith he)'

And ( he faith ) it is commonly called a
FilTure (which is a Cut or Rent ) pro eoqnod
fndit Artnapaterna in duns -partes ; quia ipje
baftardus fnditur S> dividitur d patrimonio
pMris fin ■. in that it cuts or rents the Coat-
Armour in twain, becaufethe Eaftard is cutoff
from his Fathers lnheritance.In fome Countries
theyufedto diftinguifh thefe from the law ful
begotten, by fetting of two Letters upon their
Garments, S and C P, qnaji, SineTatre, without
Father.

Cm fater eft popnlw, pater eft hitic nulfos &

(omttif.

Brats are priviledg'd above any ;

We have bat one Sire, they have many.

And perhaps S T did fignifie Satus Topulo,
the Son of the People. Chaffanteus faith, that
Baftards are not capable of their Fathers Pa-
trimony, either by Law or Cuftome, Quia fi-
lius Ancillte non erat hares cumfilio Liberie:
The Servants Child muft not part flakes with
her MiftrelTes. Leigh is of Opinion , That
the lawful Son of a Baftard (hall change his
Fathers Mark to the right fide, obferving (till
the quantity thereof ; for fo I do underltand
him, in refpect that he addeth immediately,
that the fame may , at- the pleafure of the
Prince, be inlarged, or broken after this man-

He beareth, Azure,
a Bend, double Dancett,
Argent, by the Name
of Lorks. This (faith
Leigh ) fhall never be
called other than a
Bend , after it is thus
parted : but Baftards
(faith he) have fundry
other Marks, every one
according to their unlawful begettings ; which
with hundreds of others , are the Secrets of
Heralds.

Befides thofe bearings bendwife above de-
monftrated , we mentioned another by the
name of a Bendlet, which hath greater re-
femblance with a Bend than any of the reft 5
and by the Name it may feem to be fome fub-
divifion of the Bend. It hath yet no certain
quantity, but containeth evermore a fixth part
of the Field (according to the obfervation of
Leigh ) whereof you have an Example in this
next Efcocheom

The Field is Argent,
a Bendlet, Gules. Two
manner of ways doth
this Charge differ from
the Bend : The one ,
that the bend contain-
eth the fifth part of the
Field uncharged, and the
third part thereof char-
ged. And this is limi-
ted to the fixth part of the Field, which it
may not exceed. Secondly, It is diftinguifh-
ed from the bend , fecundum locationem in
place,inafmuch as the bend is fo placed,as that
the corner of the Efcocheon doth anfwer to
the juft middle of the fame, between the up-
per and neither Lines thereof : but the bend-
let beginneth in the exact corner of the point

Ghap. VI.

A Difflay of Heraldry.

of the Efcochcon ; fo as the lower Line is di-
ftant from the corner thereof the full breadth
of the bendlet.

CHAP. VI.

Otl R prefixed Order doth now call upon
me to bend my courfe from bends ,
with the parts and fubdivifions there-
of, and to proceed to the Fefs , which chal-
lengeth the next place.

The Fefs is an Ordinary, formed of a two-
fold Line, drawn overthwart the breadth of
the Efcocheon ; in the midft whereof is the
very Center of the Shield. And it containeth
the third part of the Field , and may not be
diminifhed, albeit the French Heralds -do bla-
zon three bars gemels, for a Fefs of fix pieces.

He beareth Vaire,Or,
and Vert, a Fefs, Gules,
by the Name of Nuf-
field. This word Fefs
is a French word , and
doth fignifie the Loins
of a man. This Ordi-
nary hath been ancient-
ly taken for the fame
that we call Balthetim
militare, or Qngulum Honoris , a Belt of
Honour ; becaufe it divideth the Field into
two equal parts , it felf occupying the middle
between both , even as the Girdle environeth
the middle part of a man , and refteth upon
his Loins.

This Girdle of Honour may feem to have
been in ancient time given by Emperours and
Kings, and their Generals of the Field unto
Souldiers, for reward of fome fpecial Service
performed by them : and it is not improbable,
that fuch a reward it was, that the General of
David's Army , Joab, would have given the
Meifenger that brought him news that Abfa-
lom was hanged by the hair of the Head in an
Oak, if he had ftain him ; where Joab faith ,
.Why haft thou not lilted him , that fo 1 might
have rc-juarded thy Service with ten Shec'kles \
of Silver , and a Girdle Q cr nu arming
Kelt ) ? For fome tranflate it Cingulum, fome
Baltheum. Amongft the Macedonians ji was
ordained by a Military Law (faith Alex-, ab
Alex?) that the Souldier that had not killed an
Enemy, nonmilitari Cingulo, fed capiflro ciu-
geretnr : fliould not be girt with an arming
Girdle, but with a Halter. And not without
reafon is a man adorned with a Military Gir-
dle , fignifying he muft be always in a readi-
nefs to undergo the bufmefs of the Weal Pub-
lick j for the more fpeedy performance of
which Charge, he fliould have his Garments
tfbfe girt unto his body , that the loofnefs of

them fliould give no impediment to the execu-
tion _ of his aifumed- Charge and enjb) ned
Services. And thefe Tokens of Chivalry were
fo highly efteemed in ancient times, that Sr.
Ambrofe faith, in his Age , Dure s , G> Trin-
cipes^ omnes etiam militant es , operofis Cingu-
ln duro fulgeitte pretiofis, ambimtf§c. Great
Captains, Princes, and Martial Men, delight
to wear their Belts curioufly wrought, and glit-
tering with Gold, &c.

As the beftowing of this Military Girdle ,
was reputed very honourable , becaufe none
were to receive it but Men of Merit , fo alfo
was it ever accounted mod difhonourable for
any juft caufe to be again deprived of the Dig-
nity thereof; neither fliould fuch an one be
reftored thereunto, but upon very fingular and
efpecial Defert , as Fereitus noteth , where
he faith , Augustus lauddbiliter militare'm
difcipliuamge/Jit Jevertffime : privates mi-
litari Cingulo nunquam reftituit , nifi illospra
catern virtutum merit a infignirent : Align-
lius the Emperour got much honour by the fe-
verity of his Military Difcipline : for if a man
were once deprived of his arming Girdle , he
never would reftore it , unlefs lie performed
fome excellent Service above all others. Not-
withstanding, there is alfo one kind of putting
off the Belt , of no lefs honour, than the put--
ting on of it ; yea, much more glorious it is ,
in that it is the end and perfection of the 0-
ther ; and that is, when the Victory is atchiev-
ed, Victory being the end of Arming.as Peace
is of Battel. To which purpofe is that fay-
ing, i Reg. 20. ir. Ne jatlet fe qui fe deciu-
git , lit qui difcingit : Let not him boaff whd
girds himfelf, as he that doth ungird: mean-
ing, we muft not triumph ( as the faying is)
before Victory ; but it being once attained, if
is the Honour of a Generous Mind, to put off
his Belt , and not to Sanguine his Blade with
cold blood. For thofe Gallants, who in times
and places of Peace , are ftill drawing their
Swords like Warriours, in times and places of
War, prove (for the moft part) peaceabler
and calmer than they lhould be.

But it a Knight be difarmed of his Military-
Girdle by his Demerits and Offence , he is
therewithal deprived of all Military Priviledg-
es , like as it tareth with a Captain , who (if
he happen to lofe his Enfigns ) is difabled to
advance any other in the Field, until hie hath
either regained the fame, or by his Valour ex-
torted fome other from the Enemy. Which
kind of deprivation of Knights and Martial'
Men for any notable tranfgreilion , was of fre-
quent ufe in times paft , arid in fome places is
continued unto this dav with greater feverity
and much more infamy than in former limes.
Depofitio Cingulomm tS Baltheorum ( faith
Wolfgangtis Laznls~) qiiod genus pcen£ pre-
prio fcorjim vocabulo difcincfurals rec in "li-
ra vocabatur ■ maiiet hodie adht'.c in or dine
Eqnejiri } miijori qiiam ilim ignominia. Quo

ri'.M

A Difplay of Heraldry,

Sea. If.

ritu ( Ut nos dicimus ) Equites aurati digra-
dantur. The depriving of the Belt ( which
was wont to be termed the difcindure or un
girding ) is at this day (till in ufe amongft
Knights , and with more ignominy than was
in ancient times : which is nothing elfe but
that which we call degrading of a Knight. If
■ any ask me, How this comes about that fuch
Degradation of a Knight is more infamous
than of old ? I anfwer, it is becaufe it is more
rare, and therefore more remarkable. If a-
gain you ask, Why it is more rare than of
old ? I anfwer, becaufe it is more infa-
mous, and therefore Princes more unwilling
to inflict it. Howfoever, the trutli is, that
bafe and unknightly actions and qualities , de-
ferve a bafe and unknightly chaftifement.

He beareth Or, a
Fcfs Dancett , Sable.
Thefe Arms pertain to
the worthy Gentleman
Sir Thomas Vavafour ,
who, in the Reign of
King James , was
Knight Marihal of his
Majefties Houfhold, and
of the Verge thereto
appertaining ; whofe Family anciently had the
addition Lc to their Name, as being the Kings
Vahafores, being in times paft a Degree not
much inferiour to a Baron, and given to their
Family c x Regw muiiere, as Mr. Camden 110-
teth in Torhfljire, fpeaking of Hafelivood, be-
ing the ancient Inheritance of the faid Fami-
ly-

^ So much of aFefs: now of a Chevron. A
Chevron is an Ordinary , formed of a twofold
Line Spirewife or Pyramidal ; the Foundation
being in the Dexter and Sinifter bafe points
of the Efcocheon , and the acute Angle of
the Spire near to the top of the Efcocheon :
As in Example.

The Field is Topaz,
a Chevron,Ruby. This
Coat pertaineth to the
Honourable and An-
cient Family of Staf-
ford , now Barons, and
fometimes Earls of
Stafford, and Dukes
of Buckingham. This
• r ti Ordinary is refembled

to a pair of Barge-couples or Rafters, fuch as
Carpenters do let on the higheft part -of the
Houfe, for bearing of the Roof thereof: and
betokeneth the atchievmg of fome bufinefs of
moment, or the finilliing of fome chargeable
and memorable work. This was anciently the
ufual form of bearing of the Chevron, as ap-
peared! by many Seals and Monuments yet ex-
tant, andismoftagreableto Reafon, that as
it reprefenteth the Roof of a Houfe (though

I am not ignorant that Leigh faith , it was in
old times the Attire for the Heads of Women
Pnefts ) fo accordingly it fliould be extended
to the higheft part of the Efcocheon, though
tar different is the bearing thereof in thefe
days. In which refpccl: it were fit that com-
mon Painters , the common Diforderers of
thefe Tokens of Honour , were better looked
unto; who both in former Ages, and much
more in thefe days, have greatly corrupted
thefe honourable figns, by adding their new
iantaftical mventionsjthat fo they might make
die things born in Coat-Armour more perfpi-
cuous to the view, or becaufe they would be
thought to be well overfeen in Heraldry. For
indeed they want the eye of Judgment , to fee
and dilccrn that fuch is the excellency of thefe
honourable Tokens , that the leaft alteration
either by augmentation , diminution , tranf-
pofition , or whatfoever other means , doth
occafion a change in them fo great as that
they thereby differ from themfelves , not on-
ly in their accidental , but alfoin their fubflan-
tial parts, and ceafe to be any longer the fame
they were betore , and their owners are de-
barred to challenge any propriety or intereft in
them , in refpecft of fuch alteration. Modica
alter at 10 in membro fnncipali magnam alter-
ationemfactt (faith the PhUofoplier^ A lit-
tle alteration makes a great alteration in a
principal part. As the leaft fpot in the eye
which is the worthieft part of the face, doth
more disfigure the fame, than ten times fo
much in any other Member of the whole bo-

The Content of the Chevron is the fifth
part of the Field (according to Z<W;> but
Lhattanms reckoneth the fame amongft thofe
Ordinaries that do occupy the third part of the
™„ Y ° u ™y, have two Chevrons in one
field (faith Uig¥) but not above ; and if they
exceed that number, then ihall you call them
Chevron ways. But I fuppofe they might be
termed much better Chevronels; that is to
lay, minute or fmall Chevrons; for fo is their
blazon more certain. This Charge following
and the Subdivifions thereof, are diverfjy born
aswell inrefpectof the divers location, as of
the variable form thereof; for fometimes it is •
born on chief, othcrwhiles on bafe, fometimes
enarched, fometimes reverfed, fometimes fret-
ted, &c. as after by Examples appeareth.

He beareth Or, a
Chevron in Chief, A-
zure. Note that the
lower part of this Che-
vron is far above the
ordinary place of a fin-
gle Chevron ; for it is
pitched as high as the
Norribril of the Efco-
| , ,. .- „ cheon, whereas others
I have their nfing from or near above the Dex-

Chap. VI.

A Difp/ay of Heraldry.

ter and Sicifter bafc points. The Anceftors of
this bearer ( faith Letgli) have born the fame
otherways, which was for fome good purpofe
removed, although it were better after the
common manner of bearing. There are di-
vers Accidents incident unto this Ordinary,
■viz. Trarifpofition, as in this laft Efcocheon ;
Couping , Voiding and Reverfing. Of all
which I purpofe to give feveral Examples in
their proper places.

He beareth Ermyn,
a Chevron, couped, Sa-
ble , by the Name of
Jones. What couping
is, I have before {hew-
ed , whereunto Q for
lhunning needlefs repe-
tition) I refer you.

He beareth Azure, a
Chevron Ingrailed ,
voided, Or, by the
Name oiDudley. What
voiding is, I have (hew-
ed before. In the bla-
zoning ofCoat-Armours
of this kind, I mean of
Charges voided , you
fhall not need to make
any mention of the Colour, of the exempted
part thereof, faying, that it is voided of the
Field : For if you fay voided only , it is ever
underftood that the Field fheweth through
the middle part of the Charge voided. If the
middle part of this Chevron were of a different
Metal, Colour, or Furr, from the Field, then
Ihould you blazon it thus ; A chevron engrail-
ed , Or , furmounted of another , of fuch or
fuch Colour.

He beareth Or, two
Cheverons, Gules, by
the Name of Mounfon;
and with the Arms of
ZJlfter is the bearing of
Sir John Mounfon of
Carleton in Lincoln-
Jlm-e, Baronet.

Argent, two Che-
verons , Sable , is the
Coat-Armour of Sir Jofeph Afi of Twitten-
bam in Middlefex, Baronet : and of William
Ajli of FLitchbury in Wiltjliire, Efquire.

He beareth Topaz, two
Cheverons, Rub)', Or, a
Canton of the Second,
a Mullet of the Firft.
This was the Coat-Ar-
mour of Sir William
Tope , who was created
Earl of Do-jyri,and Baron
'Pope of Beltirbet in Ire-
/.W,whofe SonWilliaiu
dying in the life time of his Father,his Grand-
fon Thomas fucceeded him in the faid Honour,
but left Elizabeth his Daughter and fole Heir
(the Honour returning to Thomas his Uncle)
who was firft married to Sir Francis Henry Lee
of Oiijircndon in Bnckinghamjhire , Baronet;
by whom ihe had Iflue Sir Ed-ward Henry
Lee, who was created Earl of Lichfield, Vif-
count Qujirendon , and Baron of Spe Is berry ;
and Francis Lee ; and is now married to the
Right Honourable Robert Bertue , Earl of
Lindfey , Baron Wi llonghby of Eresby , Lord
Great Chamberlain of England, by whom flic
hath Iffue the Lady Elizabeth*

He beareth Ar-
gent, three Cheve-
rons, Gules, a Label
of three Points , A-
zure, by the Name of
Barrington , and is
the bearing of Tho-
mas Barrington Efq;
Son and Heir to Sir
John Barrington of
Barrington-haU in

He beareth Azure,
three Cheverons , Ar-
gent, by the Name df
Lewkenor , and is the
Paternal Coat-Armour
of John Lewkenor of
Weft-Dean in Sntfex ,
Efq; Son and Heir of Sir
John Lewkenor Knight
of the Bath, deceaied,
who wasdefcended from the ancient Family
of the Lewienors,

Gules, three Cheverons, Or, by the Name
of Mathews ; and is born by Lemuel Ma-
thews A. M. Arch-Deacon of Down in the
Kingdom of Ireland; and by his brother Man
Mathews , Vicar of Swanjey in Gldmorgan-
Jhire.

Or, three Chevrons, Gules , was the Coat
of Robert bafe Son of Henry the Firft , who
was created Earl of Gloitcefier by his Father,
and had ffliie William Earl of Ghucefier ;

i -which

5°

A Difylay of Heraldry.

Sed.II.

which William had three Daughters and Co-
heirs , viz. Ifabel, who was married to King
John ; Mabel , who married to the Earl of
Eureux ; and Amicia , married to Richard
Earl of Clare and Glocefier. This Robert built
the Caftles of Briftol and Cardiff, and the
Priory of St. James in Briftol , where he ly-
eth interr'd.

He beareth Sable ,
three Chevrons, Er-
myn,by the Name of
Wife, and is the Coat-
Armour of Sir Ed-
ward Wife of Syden-
ham in Tievonftjire ,
Knight of the Bath.

This Coat , with a
due difference, is born
by Mr. John Wife of
the City of London , Mafter Plummer to the
Office of his Majefties Ordnance.

He beareth Argent,
three Chevrons, Sable ,
each charged with
five Annulets, Or, by
the Name of Colwal,
and is born by John
Cohual of the Inner
Temple, London, Efq.

CChevronel.
The Subdivisions of this Or-^

dinary are cCouplc-clofe.

A Chevronel is a diminutive of a Chevron,
and fignifieth a minute or fmall Chevron, and
containeth half the quantity of the Chevron ;
as for Example.

He beareth Argent,
a Chevronel, Vert. Of
thefe ( faith Leigh ~)
you may have no more
than three in a Field ,
except Partition. The
other Subdivifion of the
Chevron is called a
Couple-clofe. A Cou-
ple-clofe is a fubordi-
nate Charge derived from a Chevron , and
formed of two Lines erected Chevron-ways.

He beareth Vert , a
Couple-clofe , Argent.
This containeth the
fourth of the Chevron,
and is not born but by-
Pairs , except there be
a Chevron between
them. Well doth the
Name of this Charge,
agree with the ufe

thereof, which is not only to be born by Cou-
ples for the moft part , but alfo to have a Che-
vron between them , which they inclofe on
each fide.

The next in order to the Chevron is the
Earr. A Barr is compofed of two Equi-diftant
Lines drawn overthwart the Efcocheon , after
the manner of theFefs before-mentioned, as. in
this next Efcocheon appeareth.

This Ordinary dif-
fereth from the Fefs, '
not only in that it con-
taineth the fifth part of
the Field, whereas the
Fefs occupieth the third
part thereof; but alfo
that the Fefs is limited
to one certain place of
the Efcocheon , to wit,
the exact Center or Fefs point thereof, where-
as the Barr is not tyed to any ,'prefcript place,
but may be transferred unto fundry parts of
the Efcocheon. But if there be but one only
Barr in the Efcocheon, then muft the fame oc-
cupy the place of the Fefs , as appeareth in
this Efcocheon. This Charge is of more efti-
mation than is well confidered of many that
bear the fame. If you have two Barrs in the
Field, they muft be fo placed , as that thereby
the Field of the Efcocheon may be divided in-
to five equal parts ; fo ihall each, of them re-
ceive their juft quantity.

(.Clofet.
A Barr is fubdivided into a<

CBarulet.

A Clofet is a Charge abftracled from a Barr,
and confifteth alfo of two Equi-diftant Lines
drawn overthwart the Efcocheon : As in Ex-
ample.

He beareth Or , a
Clofet, Sanguine. This
containeth half the
Barr, and of thefe there
may be five in one
Field , and are very
good Armory. The o-
ther Subdivifion of a
Barr is called a Baru-
let, which ( after the
Opinion of Leigh") cannot be born dividedly ,
but muft be born by Couples, unlefs they be
parted with a Barr, whereof you have an Ex-
ample in this next Efcocheon.

Chap. VI.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

He beareth Sable^ a
Barulet, Argent. The
Content of the Barulet
is the fourth part of the
Barr, whereof it is a de-
rivative, as by the name
of Diminution impofed
thereupon doth mani-
feftly appear. Bairulets
(faith Vj>ton~) are di-
verfly born in Arms, viz. Plain, Engrailed,&c.
^hereunto good heed mud be taken in Bla-
zon.

He beareth Argent,

■ ■ two Barrs, Gules, by the

[II ; TTj Name of South- and is

iHL. lUJ born by John South of

Kelftum in Lincoln/hire
Efq; one of the Gentle-
men of the Privy Cham-
ber in Ordinary to his
Majefty KingCharles the
Second, SonofSir7cfe
South of the faid place, Knight.

Azure, two Barrs, Or, is the Coat-Armour
of the ancient Family of the Burdets of JVar-
wickjhire.

Argent, two Barrs, Sable , is born by Ed-
ward Br ere ton of Burros in T)enbigh[ljire ,
Efquire»

Hitherto of a Barr : Now of a Gyron.

A Gyron is an Ordinary confining of two
ftreight Lines drawn from divers parts of the
Efcqcheon, and meeting in an acute Angle in
the Fefs point of the fame. A Gyron (as one
faith ) is the fame that we call in Latin Gre-
mtufn, which fignifieth a Lap, and is the fpace
between the Thighs ; 'and thence perchance do
we call the Groyn ; which name, whether it
be given to this Charge, becaufe it determines
tn gretrno , in the very lap or midft of the Ef-
cocheori, or becaufe it hath a bending like the
Thigh and Leg together , I cannot define.
Gyrons are born diverily, viz. fingle, by cou-
ples, of fix, of eight, of ten, and of twelve
as lhaU appear hereafter, where I (hall fpeak
of Arms having no tincture predominating
For the making this Ordinary , behold this
next Efcocheon, where you fliajfl find one fingle
Gyron alone,which doth bed exprefs the man-
ner thereof: as in Example

He beareth Sanguine,
one Gyron iffuing.from
the Chief Dexter point,
Or. If thefe two Lines
whereof this Ordinary
is framed , were drawn
throughout to the Ex-
tremities of the Efco*
cheon, then would they

conftitute two Gyrons, as in this next Efro»
cheon appeareth. But if this Gyron had flood
in Fefs in the Dexter part, and the Cyron Af-
gent , then were it the fecond Coat of the
Lord a',? Wolfo of Suefci, whole Daughter was
married to the Marquifs of Northampton, and
after to Gorge.

He beareth Argent ,,
two Gyrons, Gules. You
need not fay, Meeting
in point, the one from
the Dexter Chief; the
other in the Sinifter bafe,
becaufe they do ever-
more meet in the Fefs
point, be they never fo
many. Here you fee,
that as two Lines drawn , the one Beridways
from the Dexter corner of the Chief patt of
the Efcocheon, and refting on the fefs point ,
and the other drawn Fefsways bverthw?,rt the
Efcocheon , and meeting with the fame in the
faid Fefs point , do make one Gyron : fo do
the fame drawn throughout , produce two Gy-
rons.

So much of a Gyron ! Now of a Canton arid
Quarter;

A Canton is an Ordinary framed of two
ftreight Lines, the one drawn perpendicularly
from the Chief, and the other tranfverfe from
the fide of the Efcocheon, and meeting there-
with in an acute Angle , near to the corner of
the Efcocheon, as in this next appearetH.'

\i.ip.k*...4 ... 4

**if At*

He beareth Ermyn,
aCanton, Argent, charg-
ed with a Chevron \
Gules, by the Name of
Middleton. This Or-
dinary is termed a Can-
ton, becaufe it occupi-
eth but a Corner or
Cantel of the Efcoche-

j i u T , , „ on - Some Armorifts
do hold, That the Canton is a Reward given
to Gentlemen, Efquires, and Knights, forW
vice done by them, and not to a Baron. Some
others riotwifhftanding are of a different 6pi-
nioh, That a Canton may Well befeem an Earl
or a Baron receiving the fame at his Soveraigns
hand ; yet is the Quarter to be preferred id
Dignity before the fame : and before them
both, Sir John Feme preferreth the Efcocheon
of Pretence, which he calletfi an Engiflet or
Feffy Target. Note that a Canton parted tra-
vetfe ways , whether it be from the Dexter
corner, or from the Sinifter, doth make two
bafe Squires., And if the Canton be placed in
the Dexter corner of the Efcocheori , you muft
in Blazon only name it a Cantori, hot makino-
any mention of the local fituation thereof: but
tf it be placed On the contrary fide, then fnuft
1 a' you*

5 2

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

Sed. II.

y ou in Blazon add this word Sinifter , as he
beareth a Canton Sinifter. The Sinifter Can-
ton is all one with the Dexter in fqrm,in quan-
tity, and in eftimation , but differeth from the
fame , botli in regard of the local pofition
thereof (by reafon that it is placed in the Si-
nifter corner of the Efcocheon ) asalfointhat
it is not of fo frequent ufe.

Hitherto of a Canton , now of a Quar-
ter.

The Quarter is an Ordinary of like compo-
fition with the Canton, and holdeth the fame
places, and hath great resemblance thereof;
infomuch as the fame Rules and Obfervatiorjs
that do ferve for the one , may be attributed
to the other, Quia fimilinm Jim His eft ratio ;
of like things the reafon is alike. The only
difference between them is, that the Canton
keepeth only a cantle or fmall portion of the
corner of the Efcocheon, and the Quarter com-
prehendeth the full fourth part of the Efcoche-
on ; as in Example.

He beareth Verrey,
Argent and Sable , a
Quarter, Gules, by the
name of Eftauton. Al-
beit that ( according to
Leigh ^) the Quarter is
for the molt part given
by Emperors and Kings
to a Baron (at the Iealt}
for fome fpecial or ac-
ceptable Service done by him ; yet do we find
the fame bellowed upon perfons of meaner dig-
nity for like occalion. Contrariwife , the
Canton ( being received at the Sovereigns
hand ) may beleem the dignity of a Baron or
Earl, as aforefaid.

Having fpoken of the Canton and Quarter,
as much as for this prefent is requifite , I will
referve fome other their adjuncts to a more
convenient place. And will how fpeak of a
Pile, fhewing fome variable Examples of the
divers bearing thereof.

A Pile is an Ordinary confifiing of a two-
fold Linc,formed after the manner of aWedge;
that is to fay, broad at the upper end , and fo
leffeningby degrees throughout with a come-
ly narrownefs and Taper growth, meeting to-
gether at the lower end in an acute Angle, as
in this next Efcocheon appeareth.

The Pile I take to be derived from Tilum,
an ancient Weapon peculiar to the Romans ,
fhaped fomewhat like a Dart without Fea-
thers, but thicker at the great end, and w'ax-
Ing fmaller Taper-wife , being about five foot
in length , and fharpned at the point with
Steel : And fuch were the offenfive Arms of
the Hiflati andTrincifes, zsTolybius of the
Roman Militia affirmeth : And Generals them-
felves have born them in their Marches , per-
haps to encourage the Souldiers by their Ex-

amples ; all which is proved by the excellent
Lucan, lib. 1. who lamenting the mifery of a
Civil War, thus complains : - ■

1 Totk concuffi viribus or bis

In commune nefas, infeflifque obvia fignis
Signa, f tires aqmlm , fj TilaminantiaTilk,

— — inhere arnfd to impious -war
The force of all the quaking world from far
Is met;dire Standards agamfi Standards dafb,
Eagles 'gainfi Eagles, 'gainfi Tiles , Tiles da

{clajh.

And Lib. 7.

-fceleris Jed crimine i

vllo

(atJum

Externum maculent Chalybem, ftetit omne co-
Ctrca Tila nefas.

(Steel,

But no dire crime tould [tain the Strangers
Nought could do mifchief but the Roman Tile.

Laftly, defcribingCrio's magnanimity in his
rough March through Lybia , he thus fingeth,
Lib. 9.

Tpfe manu fua Tila gerens, &c.

Thus Englifhed :

Himfelf afoot before h~u wearied Bands
Marches with Tile in hand, and not commands.

He beareth Argent ,
a Pile, Gules.This Coat
pertained to the right
worthy and valiant
Knight Sir John Chan-
dos , Baron of St. Savi-
ours , le V ifcount in
France, great Senefchal
of ToiBou High Con-
ftableof Aq attain. All
given him by King Edward the Third > who
alfo made him one of the Founders of the molt
Noble Order of the Garter. In all Fortifica-
tions and Buildings, in cafe the ground be di-
ftrufted to be unfure and deceivable , men are
accuftomed to build upon Piles, and by them
to force an infallible and permanent Founda-
tion.

He beareth Or,a Pile
engrailed, Sable , by the
Name of Waterhoufe ;
and is the Paternal
Coat-Armour of Dr.
Edward Waterhoufe, a
great Lover of Anti-
quities and Heraldry.

Chap. VI.

A Difflay of Heraldry.

He beareth two Piles
in point Diamond. This
is the Coat-Armour of
the Right Honourable
Gilbe ri Holies, Earl of
Clare, Baron Haughton

of Hai/ghtO)l,&iC.

This Coat is alfo born
by his Uncie,the Right
Honourable Denzcl
.Holies, Baron HoUes of Ificld , and one of the
Lords of his MajelUes moft Honourable Privy
Council, Sec. whole only Son and Heir appa-
rent is Sir Francis Holies of IVmterborn St.
Martyu in SorJW^j/Vf, Baronet, who hath Iifue
jlow living T)enzel Holles,&c.

The Field is Or,three
Piles, meeting near in
the Bafe of the Efco-
cheOn , Azure. This
Coat was born by Sir
(fUji Bryan Knight, one
of the Noble Knights
of the moft Honoura-
ble Order of the Gar-
ter, in the time of King
Edward the Third : And he was alfo a chief
mean unto the faid King for obtaining theChar-
ter of Priviledge and Freedom of his Majeflies
Foreft of 'Dean , in the County of Glocefler ,
for the benefit of the Inhabitants of the fame
Foreft.

Sometimes you iliall find this Ordinary born
tranfpofed or reverfed , contrary to the ufual
form of their bearing, viz. with their points
upward , which naturally ought to be down-
wards, being fuppofed to be a piece of Timber,
whofe neither part is fharpned , to the end it
maybe more commodiouily driven into the
ground ; as in Example.

He beareth Argent,
three Piles, one iiiuing
out of the Chief be-
tween the two others
tranfpofed or reverfed ,
Sable, by the Name of
Hulfe : And is the Coat-
Armour of John Howes
alias Hulfe, of Newbury
,.„,.„. T a. in Bert fare, Efqjone of
Ins Majefties Juftices of the Peace and Qiiorum
in the faid County ; whofe eldeft Daughter
Bridget is now wife tojames George* of 'Loud
Gent Nephew to John Georges of Bawntou
in Ghcefterfiire, Efquire. This Coat is alfo
bom by Richard Hulfe of B ether den in Kent
Elquire. '

The Pile is an ancient Addition to Armory,
and is a thing that maketh all Foundations to
be firm and perfedr,efpecially in Water-works.

When there is but one Pile in the Field, it
muft contain the third part of the fame at the
Chief. This Ordinary is diverfiy formed and
born , as in thefe next Efcoch'eons appear..
eth.

He beareth Argent, a
Triple Pile,Flory on the
tops, i (filing out of the
Sinifter Bafe, in Bend,
towards the Dexter
corner, Sable. This fort
of bearing of the Pile,
hath a refemblance of
fo many Piles driven in-
to fome Water-work,
and by long trad of time, incorporated at their
heads , by reafon of an extraordinary weight
impofed upon them, which gav e impediment
of their growth in height,
af'o lo. aniJliL'ic/i'viEnibiO ni «i surikll A

He beareth Argent, a
Pile in Bend, iiiuing out
of the Dexter corner of
the Efcocheon , Sable
Xotifed , Engrailed ,
Gules. I have made
fpecial choice of this
Coat-Armour (out of
the Glory of Generali-
ty^) as well for the
rarenefs thereof, as for that I find the fame
there commended for fair Armory, and good
in regard of the variety thereof, for Blazoners
to look upon.

He beareth Azure, a
Pile waved, iiiuing out
of the Dexter corner cf
the Efcocheon, Bend-
ways, Or, by the name
of Aldam. As this Pile
waved iffueth out of the
Dexter, fo alfo may the
fame be bora from the
Sinifter chief point.
Moreover you (hall find them born in Pale ,
and fometimes iiiuing out of the Bafe with the
point thereof tranfpofed, which I leave to ob-
lervation.

Now the bearing of Waves , or of things
waved, may well ht thofe that are tried in the
furnace of Afflictions, which are the Badges
and Teftimoniesof our election in Chrift, who
fufFered for us ; the Juft for the Unjuft.to bring
us unto God. Therefore we (liould bear our
Afflictions gladly , forafmuch as if we fnffer
with ChriJl,weJ)}allalfo be glorified with him„
For fo doth the Apofrle admoniihus, faying ,
That nomanjhould be moved with thefe affli-
Bions , for ye your felves blow that we are
appointed thereunto, iTheff.^.^. And again,
Thou therefore fufer afftiBion as a good Soul-
dier of Cbrift, iTim. ±. j,

A Difpky of Heraldry.

Seft.II.

So much of Piles;, and their variety ,as well
of Form as of Location. There reft yet fome
other forts of Ordinaries , that are compofed
of a two-fold Line, not hitherto fpoken of

rFlafque.
Such are thefe,w'a. < Flanch
(.Voider.

In fome mens conceit perhaps thefe Ordina-
ries laft mentioned might have been more fitly
placed amongft fuch as are before handled ,
and are compofed of afingle Line ( of which
number thefe may be well reckoned, if we con-
fider them each one apart by themfelves :) but
forafmuch as none of them are born fingle, but
always by couples ; for conveniency I have
chofen rather to fort them with thefe that are
formed of a twofold Line : and firft of a
Flafque.

A Flafque is an Ordinary confifting of one
Arch-line, drawn fomewhat diftant trom the
corners of the Chief, and meanly fwelling by-
degrees until you come towards the midlt of
the Efcocheon, and from thence again decrea-
fmg with a like comly defcent unto the Sinifter
bale points ; as in Example.

The Field is Or j two
Flafques, Azure. This
Reward (faith Leigh")
is to be given by a King
for Vertue and Learn-
ing, and efpecially for
Service in Ambaflage :
for therein may a Gen-
tleman deferve as well
of his Sovereign, as the
Knight that ferVeth him in the Field. This is
called an Arch-line j of the Latin word Anus,
that fignifieth a Bow , which being bent, hath
a moderate bowing, void of excels of tubero-
fity. This word Flafque is derived either from
the French word Flejcbier, or from the Latin
word Fieilo, which fignifieth to bend or bow.

The next in Order is the Flanch, which is
an Ordinary formed of an Arch-line, taking its
beginning from the corner of the Chief, and
from thence compaffing orderly with a fwel-
ling embofsment , until it come near to the
Nombril of the Efcocheon , and thence pro-
portionably declining to the Sinifter bafe point,
as in this next Efcocheon.

He beareth Ermyn,
two Flanches , Vert.
This ( faith Leigh ) is
one degree under the
forefaid Flafque , yet
it is commendable Ar-
mory. This word
Flanch ( as fome do
hold ) is derived from

the French word Flans , which fignifieth the
flank of a man or beaft , that includeth the
fmall Guts, bccaufe that part ftrutteth out,
cum tumore quodam , as it were a blown Blad-
der. Sometimes you may find this Ordinary
made of fome other forms of Lines than plain,
which when it iliall happen, you muft in the
Blazon thereof make ipecial mention of the
form of Line whereof it is compofed.

14ft of all in our Ordinaries , cometh the
Voider , confiding of one Arch-line moderate-
ly bowing from the corner of the Chief by de-
grees towards the Nombril of the Efcocheon ,
and from thence in like fort declining , until it
come unto the Sinifter bafe , and hath a more
near refemblance of the bent of a Bow than the
Flanch hath, in that it rifeth not with fo deep
a compafs ; as in Example.

He beareth Tenn,two
Voiders, Or. This is the
Reward of a Gentlewo-
man for Service by her
done to the Prince ; but
then the Voider ihould
be of one of the nine
Furs or Doublings. Such
Reward ( faith Leigh ~)
might the Dutchefs of
Montfort have given to her Gentlewoman,
who ferved her moft diligently, not only
while lhe kept the Town of Hanyiot, but alfb
when Ihe rode armed into the Field, and feared
the Frenchmen from the fiege thereof. Thefe
are called Voiders, either becaufe of the ftal-
lownefs wherein they do refemble the accu-
ftomed voiding Plates with narrow brims ufed
at Tables ; Or elfe of the French word Voire,
which fignifieth a Looking-glafs or Mirrour ,
( which in ancient times were commonly made
in that bulging form ) efpecially confidering
they are given to Gentlewomen in recompence
of Service, unto whom fuch Gifts are accep-
table ; and withal implying, that Gentlewo-
men fo well cleferving , ihould be mirrors and
patterns to Others of their Sex , wherein to be-
hold both their duties , and the due reward of
Vertues. His courifcl was fo very behoveful ,
who advifed all Gentlewomen often to look
on dalles , that fo , if they faw themfelves
beautiful, they might be ftirred up to make
their Minds as fair by Vertue as their Faces
were by Nature : but if deformed, they might
make amends for their outward deformity,
with their intern pulchritude and gracious qua-
lities. And thofe that are proud ot their Beau-
ty, Ihould corifider , that their own hue is as
brittle as the Glafs wherein they fee it ; and
that they carry on their ihoulders nothing but
a Skull wrapt in skin , which one day will be
loathfome to be looked on.

CHAP.

Chap VII.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

chap. vir.

HAving fttewed the manner and making
of fuch Ordinaries as are compofed of
a twofold Line ; we will now proceed
. to that other Member of the Diftribution be-
fore delivered, which maketh mention of Or-
dinaries confifting of Lines more than twofold;
and will Ihew how they alfo are made.

Such Ordinaries do confift of Lines.

CThreefoId.
^Fourfold.

- Thofe that are formed of a threefold Line
are the Inefcocheon and the Orle.

The inefcocheon is an Ordinary formed of a
threefold Line, reprefenting the fhape of the
Efcocheon ; as in Example.

♦ a '$ a i a#

He beareth Ermyn,
an Inefcocheon, Gules,
by the Name of Hul-
greve : This name of
Inefcocheon is proper
only to thofe that are
born in this place ; for
if the fame were born
in any other place ,
than upon the F'efs
point of the Shield , you fhould term the fame
then an Efcocheon, and not an Inefcocheon •
fo.muft you alfo, if there be more than one in
the Field. This Efcocheon is fometimes termed
in Efcoclieon of Pretence.as ihall appear here-
jfter. This Ordinary -contained! the fifth part
the Field (faith Leigh, but his demonstra-
tion denoteth the third part) and may not be
iimimflied ; and albeit it be fubjed to fome al-
teration by reafon of the different forms of
Lines before fpecified, yet itkeepeth ftill one
etform ol an Efcocheon , as we fhall fee bv
md by. J

The next in rank of this kind is the Orle
which is an Ordinary compofed of a threefold
^ne duphcated.admitting a tranfparency of the
Meld, throughout the innermoft Area or fpace
:herem mdoled. This hath the form of an
Inefcocheon, but hath not the folid fubftance
:hereof, being evermore voided, as in thefe
ollowmg Examples appeareth.

He beareth Or, an
Orle , Azure , by the
Name of Bertram,
Lord of Botha!. This
word Orle feemeth to
be derived from the
French word Oreiller,
which fignifieth a Pil-
low, and is attributed
r , c to this Ordinary , be-

auie the fame being of a different tincture

from the Field, and formed only of a double
tradf, m regzrd 0 f t i le tranfparency of the
field within, and the furrounding thereof
without , it receiveth the refemblance ot an
emboiied Subftance , as if it were railed like a
Pillow above the Field. Vfton termeth it in
Latin Trafius, which fignirieth a Trace or
Trad, becaufe the Field is feen both within
and without it; and the Trail it fir is drawn
thereupon in a different Colour. If this were
flored ( faith Leigh} thenmuftitbe called a
freflure, which muft contain the fifth part of
the Field. And if two of thefe be in an Efco-
cheon, you muft term them a double Treffure.
ihaffanam faith, that the Orle is fometimes
formed of many pieces, and that they are
born to the number of Six.

He beareth Argent,
an Orle within a Bor-
dure , Gules , by the
Name of Rntland,and
is born by the Rut-
lauds of Saffron^w at-
den in Effex , and of
Micham in- Sitrrey ; of
which Family fs' Mr.
William Rutland of
London.

As touching the doubling of this plain Orle
f wdl not here give Example, for that I pur!
pole toprefenttoyour view a threefold Orle
or Trad, which doth include the twofold as
in this next Efcocheon appeareth.

He beareth Or, an
Orle of three pieces,
Sable. That this Or-
dinary is born of many
Tracls , it appeareth
by this Example,taken
out of Vftov, for the
Readers fatisfacLion ;
where -it is faid, Sunt
.„ _ rt , "ijitfer alii qui habent

ijtum TraOum triflicatum ® quadruplicdlum
tit mifer in arrrm Epifcop Ctenomanenfis '■' qui
portavit fro Armis unum Traffum triplica-
tum de Jiigro, in eampo aureu j Some bear the
Orle tripled and quadrupled, as the late Bifhop
of Maine , who bare a tripled Orle, Sable, in
a Field, Or. This Ordinary is born diverfly
according to the feveral forms of Lines be-
fore handled, as may appear in the Examples
enfuing.

56'

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Seft.II.

Bug

Hp beareth Argent,
an Orlo Engrailed on
the inner fide, Gules.
I found this form of
bearing obferved by an
uncertain Author ,
\^U>y/ ) whom at firft I fuppo-
^n£/ J fed to have either un-
skilfully taken, or neg-
ligently miftaken the
trick thereof ; but after I had found in Upton,
that in Blazoning of an Orle Engrailed, he Bla-
zoned the fame , An Orle engrailed on both
fides, I took more fpecial notice of this kind
of bearing , for that fuch a form of Blazon
( proceeding from a man fo judicious in this
kind) feemed covertly to imply a diftinclion
of that from this form of bearing. And be-
caufe diverfajuxtafe appofita magit elucefcnnt,
things differing give light each to other, I will
here produce the Coat it felf, and the Blazon
thereof , as I find it fetdownby Upton.

II port ( faith he )
de Gules uu trace cn-
grailee 7 Ae chafcut: coft
d'Or. And in Latin
thus : Qui habet ifta
Anna , port at unum
\ / tratlum ex utraqne

^>Y*P J parte ingradatum, de
^^^^^r Auro in campo rubro.

He beareth an Orle en-
grailed on both fides, Or , in a Field, Gules.
And no doubt by heedful obfervation you may
find thefeOrles in like fort born Invecked, Si-
milium enim fimilti eft ratio; for like things
have the likereafon and refped . Note, that di-
vers Charges, as well Artificial as Natural, are
born Orl-wa) s, or in Orle; as likewife inform
of Crofs, Bend, Chevron, Saltire, &c. the Ex.
amples whereof I rauft pafs over , until a fit
place be offered to handle Charges of thofe
kinds. Concerning the bearing or Orles,com-
pofed of the fundry forts of Furs, I hold it
needlefs to ufe Examples to exprefs them to
the view, for that by confideration of the ma-
nifold forts of feveral Ordinaries before expref-
fed, their diverfe manner of bearing may be
eafily conceived : and therefore I will leave
them to obfervation.

Hitherto have we confidered the making of
fuch Ordinaries as are compofed of a threefold
Line : Our Order calleth me now to -fpeak of
fuch Ordinaries as do require a fourfold Line
for the effecting of them.

O r '.is fort is the

C Crofs.

Saltire.

The Crofs is an Ordinary compofed of a
four-fold Line, whereof two are Perpendicu-

lar , and the other two are tranfverfe, for fo
we mull conceive of them , though they are
not drawn throughout , but meet by couples
in four acute Angles near about the Fefs point
of the Efcocheon ; to look upon (if they were
couped, as they are fometimes found) like to
four Carpenters fquares ; as the Example fol-
lowing will demonftrate. This Ordinary is
called Crux, a cruciando, or d cruciatu , be-
caufe of the unfpeakable torture and torment
which they do fuffer , who undergo this kind
of death. The Content of the Crofs is not
the fame always : for when it is not charged >
then it hath only the fifth part of the Field; but
if it be charged, then mult it contain the third
part thereof. To give you particular Exam-
ples of all the different forms of bearing of the
Crofs, were as needlefs as endlefs, conlidering
the variety fet down by other Authors : I
will therefore content my felf with thefe en-
fuing.

He beareth Argent, 3
Crofs , Sable , by the
Name of Raynsford ,
and is the Paternal Coat-
Armour of Sir Richard
Raynsford oiDallington
in NorthamptouJhire,Kt.
Lord Chief Juftice of his
Majefties Court of Kings
Bench.

This Coat was alfo born by Henry Rayns-
ford of Stanmore magna in Middlefex, B. D.
deceafed.

Argent, a Crofs, Vert,by the Name of Hnf-
fey ; and with the Arms of Ulfter,\s the Coat-
Armour of Sir Thomas Huffey of Hemington irr
Lincoli/JIjire, Baronet.

Azure,a Crofs, Or : This Coat-Armour per-
tained to the right worftiipful Family of Shel-
ton , in the County of Norfolk , whence de-
fended that honourable vertuous Lady , Ma-
ry She It on, who was many years of the molt
honourable Bedchamber of that glorious Queen
Elizabeth ; and was alfo wife to the right
worfhipful Sir John Scudamore of Home Lacy
in the County of Hereford , Knight, Standard-
bearer to her Majelties Honourable Band of
Gentlemen Penfioners. This Ordinary is often-
times diverily named, according to the diverfi-
ty of Lines whereof it is compofed : For as it
is the form of Lines whereof it is made , fo is
the Denomination thereof. In the ancientelt
Inftitution of the bearing of the Crofs ( with-
out all controverfie) it had this form ; which
is taken to be the true lhape of the Crofs
whereupon our blefled Saviour Chrift Jefus fuf-
fered : whofe godly obfervation and ufe was in
great efteem in the Primitive Church ; though
in latter times it hath been dilhonourably en-
tertained by two oppofed kinds of Fantafticks :
the one, who fo fuperftitioufly dote on it, that
they adore it like their God : the other, who fo

Chap.VIL A Difplay of Heraldry.

unchriftianly deteft it , that they /lander the
moft godly and ancient ufe thereof, in our firft
initiating unto Chrift , as if it were fome de-
vilifh Idol. But the true Souldiersof fuch
a Captain need not to be aihamed to bear their
Generals Enfign. And this bearing was firft
beftowed on fuch as had performed , or at leaft
undertaken fome Service for Chrift and Chri-
flian Profeffion : and therefore being duly con-
ferred , I hold it the moft honourable Charge
to be.found in Heraldry. But the form and
bearing hereof ( as well as the Chevrons for-
merly fpoken of) hath been alfo depraved
through the inconfiderate handling of common
Painters For which caufe I have caufed this
precedent Crofs only to be cut after this falhi-
}n, in the reft I have enfued the vulgar man-
ner bearing of now ufed , chosfmg rather to
fway with the multitude in matters of fmall
importance, than that Iwouldfeem to afFedf
I know not what fmgularity ; Nemo enim er-
rantem arguit , qui cum mulch errat. This
manner bearing of the patible Crofs is war-
ranted by Rolls of greateft Antiquity, and it is
molt confonant to Reafon, that the Item there-
of iliould be much longer than the crofs part,
by how much it was rcquifite that the fame
was to be deeply fixed in the Ground : So then
if we mail compare this ancient bearing with
that of modern times, we (ball find this to be
natural, and that adulterate.

Croffes do receive manifold varieties of De-
nomination, according to the multiplicity of
their different fhapes, and variable properties
of Lines whereof they are formed.

The bearing of the Crofs, is the exprefs note
or badge of a Chriflian that he bear the fame
according to the prefcript, rule, and will of his
Lord and Maftcr. For as Barth. faith, Ix-
figma ad voluntatem Domini fm/t portauda,
ta von alias.

All Croffes may fignifie unto us Tribulations
and AlHiilions, which ( how burthenfome fo-
evcr they may feem to the flelh ) yet is there
much comfort to be found in them , to thofe
that make a right ufe of them, and do under-
go the burthen of them chearfully,and without
jecalcitration. For it is the property of world-
lings that have been dandled ( as I may fay )
in Fortunes lap, and pampered with worldly
delights to forget both God and themfelves ,
and in their fulnefs to fpurn and kick up the
heel, according to that faying of Mofes in his
Song that he made a little before his death ;
But he that Jljould have been upright, "when
he waxed fat, fpurned with his heel: He was
fat, hewasgrofs, he was laden with fatnefs,
therefore he forfook God that made him; and
regarded not the flrong God of his Salvation,
Ztewf.p.iy.

Since then our Lord and Mailer (for our
fakes) did willingly take upon him this grie-
vous, and almoftunfupportable Burthen, why
Ihould we then, that would be counted his pro-

fefled Souldiers and Servants llirink thereat;
efpecially fmce by the Difcipline of the Crois j
we are brought to the true knowledge of God,'
hisOmnipotency, Wifdom , Juftice, Mercy',
and all other his Divine Attributes, and of our
own miferable and damnable Eftate , through
our adherent and inherent corruption of fins,
as well AcTual, as Original.

A like form of bearing of this, is that Crofs
which we find born in the Shield of St. George,
but diverfly from this, both in Metal and Co-
lour : which of fome Armorifts of ZJftons
time (as himfelf noteth in his Difcourfe of
Arms) received in thofe days a very ftranpe
and abfurd kind of Blazon, which he there fet-
teth down after this manner ; the Shield,Gules,
four Quarters, Argent : whofe reafon herein
(faith he) I do not allow, for that by fuch
manner of Blazon, the bearing of a plain Crofs
fliall never be known. Moreover, herein alfo
may we obfefve the Blazon hereof to be er-
roneous , in that they fay , Four Quarters :
which are indeed but fo many Cantons ; elfe
mould they all four meet in the Center of
the Efcocheon. This Ordinary is fubjedt to
voiding and couping, as thefe Examples fol-
lowing lliew.

'M W I He beareth Argent,
a Crofs voided, Azure.

j J Tanormitan writeth of

* ' 1 1 '"' Alphonfus King of A-
* I I rahk (what time he

befieged Tuteoli, a Ci-
V y ty by the Sea fide in

X. i Campania') that refort-

^HJj^ ing daily to the Sea-
llioar for bisRecreation,
upon a time he chanced to find the Corps of a
man of Genoua in Italy , that had been call:
out of a Galley; and thereupon alighting fpee-
dily from his Horfe, caufed all others that were
near him to light ; and commanded fome to dig
a Grave, wlulft others covered the naked
Corps : and he himfelf with his own hands
did make a Crofs of Wood , which he fticked
faft at the head of the man fo interred ; to te-
ftifie that all Chriflian Offices may befcem the
greateft Kings ; and that whatever death we
die, it is not material , fo we live to Chrift.
So great is the refemblance oftentimes of things
born in Coat-Armour , which yet in their Ex-
iftence are much differing, that a man well feen
in Heraldry, may eafily commit an error in the
Bfazoning of them, as by comparing of this
Coat-Armour with the next will manifeftly ap-
pear : wherefore you muft ufe an advifed de-
liberation in Blazoning, efpecially of Arms of
near refemblance.

A Difttay of Heraldry.

Seft.ll.

He beareth Or, a
Crofs Patce,Sable, Fim-
briated , Gules. The
reafon wherefore this
Crofs is called Patee, I
will prefently fliewyou
when I come to fpcak
of the Shield of Cad-
wallader. This ap-
proacheth near to the
former in refpecT: of the double trad thereof;
yet doth it much differ from the fame in fub-
ftance, forafmuch as the Charge of that is a
twofold Crofs, viz. one furmounted of ano-
ther j and this a fingle Crofs bordured or invi-
roned with a hem or edge. Moreover , That
this is not a Crofs of Gules, furmounted of a-
nother, Sable , it is clear, becaufe the edge
that goeth about this Crofs is much narrower
than is the fpace between thofe two Croifes.
Belides, it cannot ftand with the Rules of good
Armory, to bear colour upon colour , or metal
upon metal. This is called' a Crofs Fimbria-
ted, of the Latin word Fimbria, which fignt
fieth an edge, welt, or hem for a Garment ,
and is to be underftood to be of the fame
thicknefs with it , and not to lie either upon or
derneath.

He beareth Ermyn,
a Crofs engrailed ,
Gules, by the Name of
Norwood, and is born
by Henry Norwood of
Tulfeyya G/oceflerf/jire,
Efq; one of the Ef-
quires of his Majefties
Body , and Deputy-
Governour of Tangier :
And by Francis Norwood of Lackington in the
faid County, Efquire.

As this Crofs is formed of bunched Lines, fo
are there others that are compofed of fundry
other forts of Lines before (hewed , as experi-
ence will inform you, and as you may in part
fee by the Example following.

He beareth Argent,
a Crofs wavy, voided,
Sable, by the Name of
Dtickenfeld in Devon-
jinire. In Coats of
fuch bearing, you fliall
not need to fay in the
Blazon of them , that
the Charge ( whatfoe-
ver the fame be} is
voided of the Field; becaufe when you fay on-
ly Voided, and no more , it is always under-
ftood to be voided of the Field.

Of all other forts of Croifes, the Crofs wa-
ved is a more fpecial note of Tribulation , in
regard it reprefenteth the turbulent Waves or

■ i.i'4

'■ .: T .-.

■ ^ ;u foi

Surges of the Seas, occafioned by fome turbu-
lent guft or flaw of toyftrous winds or florins,
caufing a fuccefs of furging Billows ; notifying
unto us confequent Afflictions and Troubles
following immediately one upon anothers
neck, which the Children of God muft fuftain
with a conftant refolution , following therein
the inflrucftion of Ecclefia/tifus z. i . My Son,
if thou wilt come into the fervice of God,
ftand f aft in rightecufnejs and fear , and p re-
fare thy Soul unto temftation. And again ,
Settle thy heart and be patient , bow down
thine ear , and receive the words of under-
(landing , and Jhrink not away when thou art
ajfailed , but wait uf on God patiently : Joyn
thy felf unto him , and depart not away, that
thou mayeji be increafed at thy lap end;
Verf. j.

He beareth Argent,
a Crofs Patonce, void-
ed, Gules, by the name
of Pilkitigton , a
Knightly Family of
great Antiquity , and
very numerous, taking
Name from l Pi I king-
ton in Lancajhire. 'Tis
reported , according to
Fullers Worthies,p.no
that the chief of the Family being fought for
foon after the Conqueft, was forced to obfeure
himfelf under the Habit of a Threfher Q o-
thers a Mower ) which occafioned the Motto,
Now thus, now thus. Others think this to
have hapned in the Wars between Tork and
Lane aft er , when Sir John Pilkitigton, to-
gether with his Brothers Sir Robert of Ri-
vington , and Sir Thomas of Stanley , with
their Father Sir Robert , had their Lands ta-
ken from them ; and Sir John was bound by
Indenture not to take up Arms againft the
King. Geffery Tilkington , Grandion of this
Sir John, married the Daughter and Heir of
Sallow of Stanton in Derbypire , whofe Po-
fterity continues there to this day.

He beareth Sable, a
Crofs engrailed , Or, in
the firft quarter a Mul-
let, Argent, by the
Name of Peyton. This
with the Arms of ZJl-
fter, is the bearing of
Sir Thomas 'Peyton of
Knoltou in Kent , Ba-
ronet: And without the
faid Augmentation of the Hand, is born by Sir
Robert Peyton of Lincolus-Jnn-fields in Mid- '
dlefex, Knight.

Azure,

Chap. VII.

A Biff lay

of Heraldry.

Azure, a Crofs Ave-
lane, Or.

Gules, a Crofs Rtrrf
beaux, Argent, is born
by the Name of Rn-
detzker.

Per Pale , Or and
Vert, a Crofs Furche ,
Gules , is born by Sir
John Hingham.

He beareth Vert, a
Crofs Croflet, Or, by the
Name of Berry , and is
born by Mr. Samuel Ber-
ry, Citizen of London.

He beareth Argent,
a Crofs Botone, Sable,
by the Name of Win-
wood, and is the Pater-
nal Coat-Armour of
Richard Win'wood of
Ditton Tark 8c Quoin*
ton in Buckingham/litre,
Efq; Son and Heir of the
Right Honourable Sir
RalphWinwood Knight,
Embafladour Leiger to the States of the Uni-
ted Provinces, and Principal Secretary of State
toKingjfowzw,

. He beareth Argent, a
Crofs Potence , Sable,
charged with rive Mul-
lets pierced, Or, by the
Name of Rigby , and is
the Coat-Armour of
Edward Rigby of Tre-
fton in Lancajhire , Ser-
jeant at Law.

He beareth Or , a
Crofs flory,SabIe, by the
Name oi Lamplngh, and
is the Paternal Coat-
Armour of John Lamp-
lugh of Lamp 1 ugh in
Cumber Land , Efq; de-
fended from that anci-
ent Family of the Ijamp-
lughs , he being the
Three and twentieth in
defcent, of which there have been Nine
Knights ; one of which was Sir Robert Lamp-
lngh, who lived in the R.eigns of Henry the
Second, and Richard the Firft. The bearer
hereof ( who is now living ) was Colonel of
a Foot Regiment in the Service of his late Ma-
jefty King Charles the Firft, in the Army com-
manded by his Highnefs Prince Rupert , and
was in a&ual Service under the fame Com-
mand at the Battel at Marjlon-moor in lori-
flnre. Anno 1644. and was in feveral other
Services for his faid Majefty.

Parted per Saltier, Of
and Argent,a Crofs for-
my, Azure. This Coat
was born by Hugh Tud-
fay Bilhop oiTlurham ,
who bought of King
Richard the Firft the
Earldom of Northum-
berland, and was af-
terwards by the faid
King created Earl thereof; who told him,
That of an Old BiJIsop he had made a fount*
Earl.

He beareth Or , a
Crofs Patee fitched in
the foot , Gules. This
Coat was born by Gal-
fride de Scudamore
that lived in the time
of King Henry the Se^
cond. It is termed
Fitched of the Latin
word Figo, which fig-
nifieth to fallen or make fore , becaufc by the
means ol the iharpnefs added to the foot there-
of, it becometh more apt to be faftned any
K i where

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

w here. There is another fort of fitching of
Crolfes that have the whole fourth part hge-
tive, as in this next Efcocheon.

The Field is Jupi-
ter, a Crofs Paree on
three parts,and fitched
on the fourthjSol. This
( faith Gerard Leigh)
was the Shield of blef-
fed CadwaMader, laft
King of the Britains ,
who Hew Lothaire
King of Kent, and E-
thelwold King of South-Saxons. I confefs in
terming this kind of Crofs , a Crofs Patee, I
differ from Leigh, who calleth it Formy : But
Chaffanteus Blazons it Patee , and giveth this
reafon thereof, Quia extremitates ejus fulit pa-
tnlic , becaufe its ends are broad and opened ,
Chaff, fol. 28. Bar a is of the fame Opinion ,
Bar ale blazon des Arm. 67. and with thefe
agree many of our Blazoners.

He bearcth Sable , a
Crofs Potent, Or, by the
Name of Alien , and is
the Coat-Armour of Sir
Thomas Allen of Finch-
ley in Middlesex ; and
of Sir Thomas Allen of
the City of London, Al-
derman , Knight and
Baronet.

Sed. II.

the firft Section ,pa

The Field is Jupiter,
I . _J a Crofs Potent fitched ,

nil n SoL This ki " cl ot ' Cmfs

was born by Etheldred
King of the IFefl-Sax-
ous , who lived Anna
Salntk, 946. 5

Wnati a Potent is , I
have formerly fiiewed in
16. It may alfo be Bla-
zoned a Crofs crowchee, for the refemWance
that it hath of a Crutch , which Chaucer cal-
leth a Potent, which is properly figetive : For
were it that the overthwart or crofs part here-
of fhould be exempted, then would the middle
part fliew it felf to be a perfect Crutch , ufed
ibr the ftay and fuftentation of feeble and aged
perfons. "Like as old Age is a bleffing of God,
fo contrariwife it is a Token of his heavy dif-
pleafure, to be cut off before a man fhall at-
tain thereto : As appeareth by that faying of
God unto Eli the Prieft , Behold, the days
come that I will cut of thine Arm , and the
Arm of thy Fathers Houfe, that there Jhall not
be an old man in thine houfe, iSaxn.2.51. And
again, And there Jljall not be an old man in
thy houfe for ever, Verfe 32.. And further, And
all the multitude of thine houfe fljall dye when
they be men, Verfe 3 3 . Moreover, it is faid in

the Prophet Zachary on the contrary part ;
Thus faith the Lord of Hofts , There Jhall yet
old men and old -women dwell in the Streets
of Jerufalem ; and every man with his Staff
in his hand for very Age : Whereby is meant,
that God would prcferve them in life , fo" long
as Nature might fuftain them.

The Field is Jupiter,
a Crofs Patonce, SoL
You may read in Leigh
his Accidence of Armo-
ry, pag.y). that King
Egbert did bear in Bat-
tel a Crofs of this form
or fafhion in his left
hand, and in his Azure
coloured Banner like-
wife. Here you may obferve how this Crofs
Patonce differeth from the Crofs Patee ( de-
monftrated before in the Shield of Cadwalla-
der) and alfo from the Crofs floury or fleurtee,
which I fhall prefently fliew you in Ten-
thars Coat-Armour.

Whereas I have formerly made mention of
Voiding, in the Chapter of Bends, and of one
other Accident,namely Couping.in the Chap-
ter of Feffes, I will now exprefs them both in
one Example in this Efcocheon following.

He beareth Argent,a
Crofs voided and coup-
ed, Sable, by the Name
of Woodnoth.

There is another' Accident whereiinto this
Ordinary is fubjecl, that is to fay, Piercing.
Piercing is a penetration or perforation of
things that are of folid fubftance. And it is
threefold :

( Round.
That is to fay, j Lofengways.

CQuadrate.

As touching Round piercing, you have an
Example in this next following Efcocheon.

He beareth Sable, a
Crofs couped, pierced,
Or, by the Name of
Grill. If this Round
in the midft were of a-
ny other colour than of
the Field, then fhould
you account the fame
to be a Charge to the
Crofs ; wherefore good
heed muft be taken in Blazoning of Coats of

this

Chap. VII.

A Difplay of Hetaklry,

tills kind, and chiefly of the Orbicular form in
the midft of the Charge ; to the end that you
may know when to take the fame for a pierce-
ing, and when for a charge.

The Field is Azure,
a Crofs Moline pierced
Lofen ge-ways,Or. This
is the fecond form of
piercing before-menti-
oned ; and the Coat
was born by Rich-
ard de Molineux of
Lancafler , that lived
in the Reign of King
Richard the Second.
Concerning this Crofs Moline ( Leigh
faith) that if it flood Saltire-ways, then fhould
you call it Ferre de Moliu , that is to. fay, a
Mill-rihd, or the Ink of a Mill : which to me
feemeth a very Paradox , that tranfpofition
( being a thing meerly accidental) mould give
a new denomination to the thing tranfpol'ed ,
and confequently alter the effence thereof:
Quia novum nomeu dat novum ejfe rei ; where
are new names, new things are fuppofed to be.
It were a thing worthy of admiration , that
Accidents fhould have fuch power in them :
For Ariftotle, Thyficorum i . faith, Accidentia
foffunt miraculofe, tS non alias mutare fubje-
£1 urn; Accidents change not their Subject but by
Miracle. Addition doubtlefs and Subtraction,
are of greater force than Tranfmutation or
Location ; yet is there no fuch power in them
as that they can alter the effence of any thing :
Quia augmentum vel diminutio ( faith Chaffa-
naus ) circa accidentia contraltuum , non re-
sonant contrailum ifi d'iverfo effe, neque per ea
intelli^itur ab eo in fubjiantialiius recejfus :
the adding or diminifhing of Accidents makes
not the thing lofe the nature of his being.

He beareth Azure, a
Crofs Moline, Quarter
pierced, Or.. This Coat
was born by Thomas
Molineux of Haughton
in the County of Not-
tingham , that lived in
the time of King Henry
the Fourth.

This Coat, with the
Ar ms of Vl(ter, is born by Sir John Molineux
of Teverjalm NottinghamJbire,Kzronet : and
with the Arms of Vljterjtiiih a due difference
is born by Darcy Molineux of Mansfield in
the faid County, Efq; Nephew to the faid Sir
John,

Leigh in Blazoning of this form of Crofs ,
maketh no mention at all of the piercin"
th . ereof > perhaps becaufeit refembleth the Ink
of a Mill, which is evermore pierced. This
is termed Quarter pierced, quail Quadrate

pierced, for that the piercing is fquare as a
frencher.

t| .riJLa.

rard Gore, fometime
the City of London.

He beareth Gules,
a Fefs between three
crofs Crollets fitchee ,
Or, by the Name of
Gore , of which Fami-
ly are two Sir John
Gores of Hertf irdflnre,
Sir William . Gore of
Ireland Baronet, Wil-
liam Gore of Moreden
in Surrey Efq; and Ge-
fince chofen Alderman of

He beareth Azurej
a Fefs Dauncett Er~
myn between 6 crofs
Crofjets,. Argent, by
the Name oiBarna-
diflc?:. This, with
the Arms oiJJlfter,
is the Coat-Armour
of Sir Thomas Bar-
vadifton of Keddtng-
ton or Kenton in Suf-
foli, Baronet : and of Sir Samuel Barnadiflon
of Brightwell-hall in the faid County alfo,
Bar onet.

He beareth Argent,
a Fefs between fix
crofs Crollets fitchee,
Gules, by the name of
Craven : and with the
Arms of Ulfier, is the
Paternal Coat- Armour
of Sir Anthony Cra-
ven of Sparfholt in
Berlfhire, Knight and
Baronet, of the Name
and Family of the
Right Honourable William Earl of Craven
&c. '

Ruby, on a Bend
between fix crofs Crof-
lets fitchee, Pearl; an
Efcocheon Topaz ,
thereon a demy . Lyon
pierced through the
mouth with an Arrow,
within a deuble Tref-
fure , counter^floured
of the firft ; and, is th,e
Paternal Coat of the
Right Noble and. Ancient Family . of the
Howards, which now flouriftieth in the Per-
fbnsof his Grace Thomas Duke of Norfolk,
Earl of Arundel, Surrey, and Norfolk, Baron'
Howard, Fitz-Allen, Mafavers^Mawbrey
Segrave, Bruce, dun, and OJzvaldftre: The

Right

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Sed.IL

Right Honourable Charles Earl of Notting-
ham , Baron Howard of Effingham : The
Right Honourable Francis Earl of Suffolk ,
Baron HowardtH Walden, Lord Lieutenant of
the Counties of Cambridge and Suffolk , and
Gentleman of his Majefties Bedchamber : The
Right Honourable Charles Earl of Berkjhire,
Viicount Andover , and Baron Howard of
Charlton: The Right Honourable Charles
Earl of Car 11 fie , Vifcount Howard of Mor-
peth, Baron T>acres of Gifland, Lord Lieute-
nant of the Counties of Cumberland and ??'>/?-
mor eland; Vice- Admiral of the Coaftsof Nor-
thumberland , Cumberland, Wcjlmoreland ,
Durham, and Maritim Parts there adjacent ,
and one of his Majefties molt Honourable Pri-
vy Council. The Right Honourable Henry
Earl of Norwich, and Earl Marfhal of Eng-
land , Baron Howard of Cajile-Rifiig, and
Heir apparent to his Brother Thomas Duke
of Norf olk : The Right Honourable William
Lord Vifcount Stafford; and the Right Ho-
nourable Edward Lord Howard of Efcrick.
And from thefe , and their Anceftors Loins ,
have iffued forth divers worthy Gentlemen, as
Stems to fupport the Dignity of the faid Fa-
mily.

The Augmentation born on the Bend was
granted unto the Right Noble Thomas Duke
of Norfolk, and to his Defendants, by King
Henry the Eighth, for his fignal Service as Ge-
neral' of the Army which gave that remarkable
overthrow at Floding to King "James the
Fourth of Scot lain/; which faid Duke was by
King Henry the Seventh created Knight of the
Garter,and made Lord High Treafurer of Eng-
land.

He beareth Azure,
Crufuly a crofs Moline
voided throughout, Or,
by the Name of
Knowles.

He beareth Ruby, a
Chevron between ten
Croffes Formee, Pearl,
by the Name of Berk-
ley , and is the Pater-
nal Coat-Arrhojif' of
the Right Honourable
George Lord Berkley
of Berkley in Glocc-
jlerfiire, defended in
a directMale Line from
Robert Fitz-Hardmg,
a fecond Son of the Blood Royal of Denmark; a
great promoter and encourager of Traffick for
the publick good of theNatio»,and is at prefent

Governour of the Turkey Company , and a
principal Member of the Eaft-lndia, Royal,
and other Incorporated Companies of Mer-
chants.

He beareth Or , on a
Chevron, Gules , three
Croffes Formee of the
Field , by the Name of
Teck, and is the Pater-
nal Coat-Armour of
William Teck of Sam-
ford-hill in the County
of Ejfex , Efq; Son and
Heir of that Eminent
Lawyer Edward Teck
of the faid place, Ser-
jeant at Law to his Majefty King Charles the
Second; by Grace, Daughter and Coheir of
William Green of Eaft Barnef in Hartford-
fljire, Efquire.

He beareth Gules i
on a Bend , Argent ,
3 Croffes Patee, Sable,
by the Name of i?f-
versby. This, with
the Arms of TJlfter, is
the Coat-Armour of
Sir John Reversby of
Thribergh in Tork-
Jljire Baronet , whofe
Anceftors have been
feated there, and there adjacent, before, and
ever fince the Reign of William the Con-
querour , as by Records may appear. This
without the Arms of ZJlfter , is the Coat
of Sir Tamworth Reversby of in
Hantjhire, Knight.

He beareth Or, a
Chevron between j
Croffes flory , Sable ,
by the Name of
Sterne , and is the Pa-
ternal Coat-Armour
of Richard Sterne of
Kilvington in Tork-
fliire , Efquireyf Son
and Heir to the molt
Reverend Father irt
God Richard Sterne , Lord ArchbiJhop of
Fork , Primate , and Metropolitan of Eng-
land, defended from a Family of that Name
in Nottinghamshire.

Chap. VII.

Difplay of Heraldry.

He beareth Gules, a
Chevron between three
Crolfes Botonee, Or, by
the Name of Rich, and
is born by Sir Edwin
Rich of Mulberton in
Norfolk, Knight : and
by Captain 'Refer Rich
of Lambeth in Surrey ,
Efq; Son of Rich
of Horuden in

He beareth Argent,
a Crofs, Sable, aTref-
fure of half F'lower de
Lis between four Mul-
lets pierced of the fe-
cond, by the Name of
Atkyns , and is the
Coat-Armour of the
Right Honourable Sir
Robert Atkyns of Tot-
teridge in Harlford-
Jlnre, and of Sapper ton
mGlocefterflnre,\{mg\\ to {thcBath,ind one of
his Majefties Jullices of the Court of Common*
Fleas; whofe Great-grandfather, Thomas
Atkyns of Tuffleigh in Glocefter/bire , Efq;
Was twice Reader of Liucolns-lmi; firit in
the Two and thirtieth year of King Henry
the Eighth; and fecondly in the Reign of
King Edward the Sixth ; and whofe Grand-
father, Richard -Atkyns Efq; was Reader of
the faid Society in the Reign of Queen Eli-
zabeth, and chief Juftice of North-Wales
and one of the Council of the Marches of
Hales; and whofe Father, Sir Edward At-
kyns Knight , late deceafed , was likewife
Reader ot the fame Society in the Reign of
King ChaHes the Firft, and afterwards one of
the Earons ot the Exchequer to his Majefty
King Charles the Second: and the faid Sir
Robert about Eleven years fince was likewife
Reader of the fame Society ; whofe Son, Sir
Robert Aiky ;is, was Knighted about Twelve
years tince, whilft he was a Student in thp U-
niverfity of Oxford, and is now living; fo that
Grandfather, Father, and Son, were all li-
ving together, and Knights at the fame
time.

So much of the Crofs, with the Accidents
thereo : Now of that other Ordinary that is
iramed alfo ot a fourfold Line, that is to fay, a
salnre. ' '

A Saltire is an Ordinary confuting of a four-
told Line whereof two are drawn from the
Oexter chief towards the Siniflerbafe corners,
ind the other from the Sinifter chief towards

i vnT bafc P oints ' and do meet ab °ut
. ie midlt by couples in acute Angles. I know

:he Learned Geometer will fincT many more

pieS here than! do mention : but (as I faid

of Lines in the Crofs) this our defcripticn 3
greeth beft with Heralds , and our purpofe.

He beareth Pearl , $
Saltier, Ruby. This is
the Coat-Armour of the
Right Honourable Dig.
h Lord Gerard, Baron
oiGerards Bromley and
Lord 'Button 1 And is
alfo born by the Right
Honourable Charles
Lord Gerard, Barori of
Brandon, one of the
Gentlemen of his Ma jetties Bedchamber, &c.
I bis Coat, with the Arms of Vlfler, is born
by bit trancis Gerard of Harrow-hill in Mid-
dlesex, Knight and Baronet.

Azm *?'. a Saltier, Argent, is the Coat-Ap.
mour ot Sir William Tori of Burton-Tedwar-
dium Lincolnfljire, Knight.

Sable a Saltier, Argent, is born by the name
ot Ducket of Steeple-Morden in Cambridve-
Jhire In old time ( faith Leigh), this was
made of the height of a man, and was dri-
V i e " f W „ Pms ' the ufe whereof was to fcate
the Walls therewith, to which end, the Pins
erved comniodioufly. In thofe days ( faith
he) the Walls of a Town were but low , as
appeared! by the Walls of Rome , which Rhe-
mus ea&bf leaped over ; and the Walls fHWint
chejter which were overlooked by Colebrand
the Chieftain of the Danes, who was flainby
Guy ' Earl o Warwick , who was Champiofi
lor King Athelftane.

He beareth Gules,
Or, a Saltier , Argent,
a Rofe of the firft , by
the name of Nevil ,
and is the Coat-Armour
of Colonel Richard
Nevil of Billingbe are
in Berkflnre Elquire,
defcended from the an-
cient and honourable
Family of the Ncvils
Earls of IFeftmoreland,
feveral of which were Knights of the Gari
ter.

He beareth Emerald,
a Saltier engrailed ,
Pearl. This is the
Paternal Coat-Armour
of the Right Honoura-
ble FrdntK Lord Haw*
ley of Buckland in So*
mcrfetjljife , one of the
Gentlemen Of the Bed-
chamber to his Royal
Highnefs James Duke
of lork,

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Sett. H.

Argent, a Saltier engrailed, Sable, by the
Name of Middleton. This , with the Arms
of Vlfier, is the Coat-Armour of Sir George
Middleton of Leigbton near Warton in Lauca-
Jljire, Baronet.

He beareth Ermyn,a
Saltier engrailed, Sable,
by the Name of lugolds-
iy, and is the Coat-Ar-
mour of Sir Richard Jn-
goldsLy of JValridge in
Buckimhamjhire, Kt. of
the Bath.

He beareth Vert, a
Saltier waved, Ermyn,
by the Name of Wake-
man , and is born by
Wakeman of
Beckford in Glocefter-
jhire.

He beareth Argent,
a Saltier engrailed be-
tween 4 Cinque-foils,
by the Name of Na-
pier ; and , with the
Arms of Uljier, is the
bearing of Sir John
Napier of Lnton-Hov;
in Bedfordjlnre , Baro-
net : by Sir Nathaniel
Napier of Middle
Marfi-ball in Tlorfetfljire, Baronet : and by
Robert Napier of Tuckual in TlorfetJIjire ,

Efquire.

He beareth Or, on
a Saltier trunked,
Gules , five Croflets
fitdiee of the firft,born
by the Name of
Rich of Sunning in
Berkkire.

He beareth per Pale,
Argent and Vert, a Sal-
tier counterchanged , a
Canton Ermyn, by the
Name of Hunt, and is
the Coat-Armour of
Richard Hunt of Ru/x-
ford in Effex, Cent.

He beareth Gyrony
of Four , Argent and
Gules, a Saltier, between
as many Croflets, all
counterchanged, by the
Name of Twifden , and
is the Coat-Armour of
Roger Ttvifden of Brad-
Lome in the Parilh of
Eafi-Malling in Kent,
Efq; eldeft Son of Sir
Thomas Twifden of the faid place, Knight and
Baronet, one of the Juftices of his Majefties
Court of Kings-Bench ; a Perfon eminent and
celebrated for his knowledge in the Laws, Son
of Sir William Twifdeu , Knight and Baronet,
by Anne Finch, Daughter of Elizabeth Coun-
tefs of Winchelfey.

He beareth Gules, a
Saltire, Verrey, by the
Name of Wilhngton.
This Ordinary is limi-
ted to the fifth part of
the Field, the fame not
being charged, but if
it be charged, then
lliall it contain the third
part thereof. This
charge alfo varieth his name in Blazon, accord-
ing to the divers forms of Lines whereof the
fame is compofed ; for that it is no lefs diverfly
made in refpecl: of the lineaments the reof,than
the Crofs before handled.

CHAP. via.

HAving liitherto mewed at large the fe-
veral forms of rflaking of fuch Charges
as we call honourable Ordinaries: Or-
der requireth that I mould now mew their di-
verfe manner of Bearing , according to our
prefixed Distribution.

Thefe are born

J Simple.
C Compound.

Thofe

Chap. VIII.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Thofe are faid to be born Simple, when only
Ordinaries do appear in the Field.

Thefe Ordinaries comprehend ■

One fort.
.Divers forts.

r Ordinaries are faid to be of one fort , when
only one kind of them is born in the Field,
without mixture of any other.

Whofe bearing is<

rSingle.
Manifold.

By fingle Bearing I underftand fome one Or-
dinary born alone in the Efcocheon : fuch are
thefe precedent Examples before handled.

By manifold bearing of Ordinaries, I mean
the bearing of divers Ordinaries of the fame
kind, whether the fame be born of them-
felves alone, or elfe conjunctly with fome of
their Subdivifions.

( One upon another.
Which form of bearing <

is twofold, viz. C One befides another.

What is meant by the bearing of Ordina-
ries of one kind , one upon another, may be
eafily conceived by thefe four Efcocheons next
following.

\ $■ .t. $

f 'f,

'. T •IV

He beareth Ermyn,
a Crofs, Gules, fur-
mounted of another,
Argent, by the Name
of Malton. Amongft
the CrofTes formerly
exemplified, I have gi-
ven an Example of one
much like to this in
fhew, but yet much dif-
fering from the fame , as you will eafily find
by comparing them together : For in the for-
mer the Field fheweth through the innermoft
parts thereof; but in this it is far otherwife :
forafmuch as herein are two CrofTes , whereof
that which lyeth next the Field is Gules , and
the other that is placed upon the fame is Ar-
gent ; fo as in this it can by no means be con-
ceived to be of that kind before handled, for
then fhould the Ermyns appear in the inner
part thereof, as well as in the reft of the Field,
then might you boldly call the fame a Crofs
voided, as that formerly handled.

He beareth Vert, a
Crofs couped, Argent,
charged with another,
Gules. This Example
doth more apparently
exprefs the double
charge iliewed in the
laft precedent Efcoche-
on, for that the Crofs
that lieth next the Field
is made more fpacious than the former : and
withal, it doth inform our understanding , that
there is great difference between the bearing
of this , and of the Crofs fimbriated , herein ,
that in the Crofs fimbriated , the edges there-
of do occupy the leaft portion thereof ; and in
this the furmounting Crofs hath the leaft part
of the fame. This therefore cannot by any
means be undcrftood to be a Crofs fimbriated,
for fo fhould the guard or edge thereof be larg-
er than the thing that is faid to be guarded ,
which were a very abfurd affirmation.

He beareth Gules, a
Sal tire , Or, charged
with another, Vert, by
the Name of Andrews.
What hath been for-
merly faid in the laft
precedent Example
touching the Crofs ,
doth hold alfo in this
and other like Bearings:
for in things having a
conformity or refemblance one of another, the
fame reafon holdeth in the one as in the other ;
where contrariwife , of things having no re-
femblance or liksnefs , the reafon is diverfe.
This Engine ( as Leigh noteth ) in old time
was of the height of a man, and was born of
fuch as ufed to fcale the Walls of Cities or
Towns (which then were but low) and it was
driven full of pins fit for that purpofe. Ufton
faith it was an Engine to catch wild Beafts ,
and therefore beftowed upon rich and covetous
perfons, that willingly will not part from
their Subftance.

Proceed we now to Examples of Ordinaries
of the fame kind born one befides another :
fuch are thefe next following,' and their
like.

The Field is Argent,
three Pallets Gules. This
Coatappertaineth to the
ancient Family of Ber-
chem, Lord of Berchem
in Brabant , near Ant-
werp. And as there
are Ordinaries of this
kind born in ftreight
Line , fo are they alfo
born in Lines Unde, as in Example, The bear-
h ing

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Sed. II.

ing of Piles, Pales , Bends,, Ban's , and their
extracted parts, was called of old Heralds,
Reftrial, in refped of thejr ftrength and folid
fubftance, which is able to abide the itrefs and
force of any trial they (hall be put unto.

He bearctli Argent,
three Pallets Wave,
Gules, by the Name of
'Dowries of Debnam ,
Suffolk. Note , that
fuch Ordinaries , as ei-
ther of themfelves, or
elfe by reafon of fome
charge impofed upon
them, do challenge the
third part of the Field , are exempted from
this kind of bearing one befides another, be-
caufe of fuch the Field can contain but one of
them at once. But their Derivatives or Sub-
divisions may well be forted with them in the
fame Efcocheon ; as a Pale between two En-
dorfes, a BenJ between two Cotilfe, and fuch
lite of the fame kind ; as in Example.

The Field is Azure,
a Bend engrailed, Ar-
gent, cotifled, Or. Tlijis
Coat-Armour pertaiii-
eth to the worthy Fa-
mily of Fortefcue of
'Devon_. and is born
by Sir Tvter-Fortefcue
of Vreflon and Wood in
thefaid County, Baro-
net. As thefe CotiiTes are born plain, fo fliall
you find them varied after the divers forms of
Lines before expreifed , as in thefe Examples
following may in part be feen : And Uptons
affertion ( before delivered ) touching their
diverfity of fliape approved ; as by practice the
diligent Obferver fhall eafily perceive.

He beareth Sable , a
Bend, Argent, between
two Cotilfes Dancett,
Or, by the Name of
Clofton , albeit thefe
CotifTes may feem to
be of a divers kind
from the Bend where-
with they are forted :
yet is it otherwife, in-
afmuch as they are Subdivisions abstracted
from the Bend, as hath been before ihewed.
Now I will fllew you Bends born one befides
the other.

He beareth Or, two
Bends, Azure, by the
Name of D'oyley , a
Family of good Anti-
quity : for Robert Lord
Oyley or B'sj'/f >,came
in to England with the
Conqueror,and found-
ed the Caftle of Ox-
ford within five years
of the Conqueft,whofe
Son Robert was Con-
ftable to King Henry the Firft, and founded the
Abbey of OJney. Of this Family is Sir John
TJoy -ley of Chiftyhampton in Oxford/hire, Kt.

The Field is Argent,two Bends, Gules. This
Coat-Armour I find in an ancient Manufcript of
Collection of Engliflimens Arms in Metal and
Colours, with the Blazon in French,of the time
of our Henry the Sixth , as it is apparent by
the Character of the Letter : over which Coat-
Armour is there written the Bearers name,
•viz. Monfieur John Haget ; from whom Mr.
Bartholomew Haget > late Conful of Aleppo ,
deriveth his defcent. This Book at this pre-
fent remaineth in the cuftody of a worthy
Friend of mine, a curious Collector and care-
ful Preferver of fuch ancient Monuments.

Gules, two Bends, the upper Or, and the
lower Argent , was born by Milo Fitz-water,
who by King Henry the Firft was made Earl of
Hereford, and Conflable of England jinA Lord
of theForeft of Dean , in right of his Wife ,
Daughter and Heir of Bernard Ntwmarch ,
Lord of Brecknock. This Coat is now quar-
tered by Sir Ralph Verney of Middle Claydon
in Buckinghatnjloire.

He beareth Azure ,
three Croilets fitchee ,
between two Beadlets ,
Or, this with the Arms
of ZJlfier, is the Coat-
Armour of Sir Norton
Knatchbull of Merfliam
Hatch in Kent, Knight
and Baronet.

He beareth Argent,
three Bends wavy, A-
zure. This is the an-
cient Paternal Coat-
Armour belonging to
Wilbrahamoi Chejhire,
as appears by divers
Records in the Office
of Arms, and elfe-
where. The chief of
which Name is Sir Richard IVilbraham of
JVoodhey, Knight and Baronet,lineally defend-
ed

Chap. VIII.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

:d from Sir Richar/J Wilbraham Knight, whoi
ived in the Reign of King Henry the Third ,
md was high Sheriff of the. afcrefaid County
In the beginning of King Edward the Firft.
From which Family of Wilbraham Wood-
bey, defcended Sir Roger Wilbraham Knight,
lately one of the Mailers of Requefts in Or-
dinary to King James , and Surveyor of! his
MajeUies Court of Wards and Liveries ; who
at Nantwich ( the place of his Birth ) and
elfewhere , hath by his charitable Acts left
pious Monuments of his Name and Memory.
Of this Family are Sit Thomas Wilbraham tit
Woodhey in the faid County, Baronet ; as alfo
Roger Wilbraham of Dearfold , and Roger
Wilbraham of Nantwich , both of the faid
Countie, Efquires.

Mr. Bojwell , in his Works of Armory ob-
ferveth , That the Bearer of fuch Bends as
thefe , or of the like Coat- Armour , may be
thought to have done fome great enterprife
upon the Seas , worthy of perpetual com-
mendation. As for Ordinaries of other forts
born likewife one belides another of the fame
kind, behold thefe next Examples.

He beareth Or, three
Bars Dancett, Gules, by
the Name of Dela-
mare. This Example
ferveth to inform our
understanding of the
ufe of that fort of a-
cute Anguled Ordina-
ries , that in Blazon we
term by the name of
Dancett; and is in fhape like to that other
fort of acute Anguled Line , which is there
named Indented, but differeth from the fame
only in quantity, wherein thefe do exceed
thole , as being more fpacioufly drawn than
they.

He beareth Azure ,
three Bars Waved, Ar-
gent , by the Name of
Samford. To the end
I may make plain (by
demonftration ) the ufe
of the feveral forms of
Lines before exprelled ■
I made choice of this
Coat-Armour , to ex-
third fort of bunched Lines there
This kind of bearing may put
us in mind , that like as in a tempeftuous
(form , the Seas being troubled, do raife their
waves one immediately upon another : So
likewife hath God ordained that one trou-
ble fhould fucceed another to keep his cho-
fen in continual exercile , and may have ma-
nifold experiments of his gracious 'Providence
and Fatherly care, in prefervfflg of them in

empJifie the
mentioned.

all their troubles, , and giving them a com-
fortable event , and happy end of all their
Afflictions ; as appeareth Job j. 1 (J. He fcall
deliver thee in fix troubles , and in the fe'-.
venth the evil Jhatl not touch thee. It is a
blefled thing to be under Gods correction ,
as witneifeth Job J. 17. Behold , blejj'cd »
the man whom Cod corre'ffetb, therefore re-
fufe not thou the chaftifewent cf the Al-
mighty : fir he niakelh the wound and frind-
etti it up ; he fmiteth , and his hands: make
whole, Verfe 1 8. Again, He deliver eth the
poor in affliction, and openeth their -Ear' in
trouble, "Job 36. ij. By afflictions God rho-
veth the hearts of" his Children to feel their
fins , that they may come to him by Repen-
tance , as he did Manaffeth. And if they be
bound in fetters , and tied with cords of
affliElion (Job 36.8..) Then will he jloew
them their work , and their tranlgreffions
that they have exceeded , Verfe 9. Behold ,
God exalteth by his power ; what teacher is
like unto him ? Verfe 22. Affliction bringeth
us to knowledge and acknowledging of our
fins, aswemayfee, Dent. 51. 17.

Now from Ordinaries of the fame kind
born one upon another , with their extra-
cted Subdivifions , proceed we to Ordinaries
of divers kinds, and their Diminutives abftra-
cted from them , eftfoons found likewife
born both one upon another , and one be-
fides another : Such are thefe next following,
and their like.

He beareth Gules ,
on a Chevron, Argent,
three Bars Gemellesj
Sable, by the Name
of Throkmortou ; and,
with the Arms of Ul-
fler , is the Coat- Ar-
mour of Sir Baynham
Throkmortou in the faid
County ,Baronet. Thefe
are termed in Blazon
Bars Gemelles, of the Latin word Gemellus,
.which fignifieth a Twin , or Children cf one
Birth , as Gemelli fratres , Brothers of one
Birth , for like as thefe are Twins m a
birth , fo are thofe in like fort born by cou-
ples.

He beareth Sable ,
a 'Pile, Argent, fur-
mounted of a Che-
vron , Gules , by the
Name of Dyxton. This
Coat is found in the
Abby Church of Ci-
renc?(ier, in the Coun-
ty of Glocefler ; and it
ferveth fitly to exem-
plify a Rule formerly delivered touching the
L z ufuai'

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

Sed.II.

ufual Blazoning of diftindt things born in one
El'cocheon ; viz. that the Charge lying next
and immediately upon the Field , fliall be
firft nominated, and then things more re-
mote.

He beareth Sable,
on a Saltire engrailed,
Argent, an Inefcoche-
on , Or, charged with
a Crofs, Gules, by the
Name of Morris. It
may be of fome con-
ceived that there is
falfe Armory in this
Coat, in refpect of
the Efcocheon , Or, placed upon the Saltire,
Argent , which is Metal upon Metal , a kind
of bearing ( as alfo Colour upon Colour ) ut-
terly condemned for falfe Armory : but fuch
kind of falfity is evermore meant of Metal up-
on Metal , or Colour upon Colour , placed in
one felf-fame Efcocheon : but here are feve-
ral Shields, and thofe pertaining to diftincl
Families , and therefore not to be holden for
falfe Armory.

He beareth Argent,
on a Pale, Sable , three
Croffes Patee, Or, with-
in a Bordure engrailed ,
of the fecond, by the
Name of Creech of Als-
wike , in the County of
Hartford. Here you
may obferve, that when
you are to Blazon an
Efcocheon wherein are born a Pale and a
Bordure , that you muft mention the Pale be-
fore the Bordure.

The Field is Argent,
a Fefs and Canton ,
Gules. This Coat-Ar-
mour pertaineth to the
Honourable Family of
IFoodvile, created Earl
Rivers in the time of
King Edward the
Fourth, who was alfo
Lord Treafurer of Eng-
land ; from whom many worthy Perfons of
high calling are defended. As touching Or-
dinaries of divers kinds born one upon ano-
ther, you muft obferve, that if they be both
of one Metal , Colour , or Furr , their parts
contingent are not fevered by purfie, for
that by their forms it may be eafily conceiv-
ed what Ordinaries they are, notwithftanding

the rlPt^/f n - D

the deleft of the purfie.

He beareth Gules,
two Bars and a Can-
ton , Argent , by the
Name of Deane. As
to the omiffion of pur-
fie laft before menti-
oned , the Rule there
given holdeth not a-
lone in that, but alfo
in thefe and all other
Coats of like bearing , I mean fuch as have
in them a Canton or Quarter born joyntly
( as in thefe ) with fome other Ordinary of
the fame Metal , Colour , or Furr , now I
will add one Example of the joynt bearing
of a Canton with three Bars, as in the next Ef-
cocheon appeareth.

He beareth Argent,
three Barrs and a Can-
ton, Gules, by the name
of Fuller. Many more
Examples of Coat-
Armours of like fort
of bearing could I pro-
duce, were it not that
I hold thefe few fuffi-
«ent to inform the un-
demanding of ftudious Armorifts, that as
well Ordinaries of divers kinds , as thofe of
the fame kind , are found born one upon a-
nother; and withal to occafion them to pry
more narrowly into thefe curious and nice •
manners of bearing, which numbers of them
do llcightly pafs over , as if they held them
unworthy of more than ordinary Obfervation.
But here the Bars are cut too little.

He beareth Or ,
three Bars, Azure,
on a Canton , Gules,
a Lyons head enrazed,
Argent, by the Name
of Cox , and is the Pa-
ternal Coat-Armour of
Thomas Cox,M.D. Phy-
fician in Ordinary to
his Majefty K. Charles
the Second.

He beareth Sable, a
Bend and Chief, Or.
This is a Coat of rare
bearing, which I find
cut in ftone in the Ab-
by Church of IVeflmin-
fter , in the North
part thereof. The
conjoyning of thefe two
Ordinaries doth confti-
tute

Chap.VIII.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

ftitute (on the left fide thereof) the form of
a Gyron ; and the Ordinaries themfdves thus
united, do refemble the form of the Arithme-
tical figure of Seven turned backwards, t

' Now for Ordinaries of divers kinds bornj
one befidcs another , you lhall have thefe. Ex-j
amples enfuing.

, ;He beareth Or, a F efs
between two Chevrons ,
Sable : This Coat-Ar-
1 mour was born by Sir
JithiiLifle Knight, and
one of the firft Found-
ers of the moft Noble
Order of the Garter , as
appeareth by his Plate
whereon thefe Arms are
enameled , and yet remaining in his Stall in
the Quire in the Chappel of Saint George at
Windsor. Which Sir fohn Lifk was Lord of
the Mannor of Wilbraham , in the County of
Cambridge , of which faid Mannor William
Lifle Efquire , is at this day fcized : A Gen-
tleman, to whom the Studious in our ancient
Saxon Tongue are much obliged , for the clear
light he hath given therein by his great travel
and pains.

Robert Lifle, who was a Baron in the times
of King Edward the Second , and Edward
the Third , bore the fame Coat-Armour. And
divers ancient and eminent Nobles of this
Kingdom do rightfully quarter thefe Arm's ,
being defcended from the Heirs generally of the
Family of Lijle.

Or, a Fefs between two Chevrons , Gules,
was the Coat of Auf'elme Lord Fitz-water ,
in the time of the Conqueft ; of whom did
defcend Walter- Fitz-water , who had a
Daughter and Heir that married to Robert
Radcliff, father of Robert Radcltf Lorcf
Fits-water, of whom defcended Robert Rad-
clif Earl of Si/ffex, and Vifcount Fits-water;
of which Family is Sir Francis Radcliff oi T)il-
fton in Northumberland , Baronet , now li-
ving, 1675:.

He beareth, Gules, a
Crofs, Argent , in the
Dexter Quarter, anEf-
cocheon, Or, charged
with three Chevronels
of the firft , by the
Name of Saint Owen ;
which Family, either
for affeclion , or for
fome Lands which they
anciently held of the Houfe of Clare,ma.y feem
to have affumed the Arms of the faid Clare in
tiie Dexter point of the Field ; which form of
bearing is of very rare ufe.

He, beareth Argent,
a Crofs flory, Gules, in
the Siniflei'.Qiiarler, an
Efcocheon^abje, charg-i
ed with a».Ci»fs of the
firft, by the Name of
Tenthar. ' This Coat
I have a! lb inferted
here , beiaufe of the
variety and 'rarity of
it , being of no lefs rarenefs than the form-
er , and feldom feen to be born by any : In
Blazon of which I break not the Rule for-
merly given , by twice repeating the word
Crofs , becaufe it is in the Efcocheon by it
felf. .

fin D3V/nVrid * rill » ( *;t ] '-rtf-Ai «..!♦ , . '

The Field is Topaz,
a Saltire and Chief,
Ruby ; and is the Arms
of Sir Edward Brufe
Knight , Lord of Kin-
lofi in Scotland, fome-
time Mafter of the Rolls
of his Majefties Court
of Chancery. Thefe
Arms fometime belong-
ed to the oldBrufes ofAuandale,and alfo to the
Earls of Carte? ; out of which Houfe the R. Ho-
nourable Robert Earl of Aylesbury and Elgin ,
Vifcount Brufe of Amfthil, Lord Brufe of
Wharlton , Skelton , and Kinlofi, Heredita-
ry High Steward of the Honour of Amfthil,
High Steward of Leicefter , and Lord Lieu-
tenant of BedfordJ/jire , derives his defcent ;
to which Coat , as an Addition , his Lord-
ihip now beareth on a Canton Pearl, a Ly-
on Rampant, Saphir.

He beareth Gules ,
two Bars and a Chief
indented, Or, by the
Name of Hare. Thk,
with the Arms of VI-
fter, is the Coat of Sir
Ralph Hare of Stow-
Bardolpb in Norfolk ,
Baronet ; and as I take
it , derived from the an-
cient Armes of Harecourt , whofe Coat-
Armour it is if the Chief were away. In
this Efcocheon you may obferve in fome
part , the variable ihape of Chiefs , occafi-
oned by reafon of divers forms of Lines ( be-
fore ihewed) whereof they are compofed.
The reft , time and diligent obfervation will
make plain.

The

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Sed. If.

The Field is Azure,
three Chevronels, bra-
fed in the Bafe of the
Efcocheon.and a Chief,
Or. This Coat- Armour
pertainetK to the Ho-
nourable Family of
Fitz-Hiigh , fometimes
ancient Barons of the
North parts of this
Land; of whom the Right Honourable the
Earl of Temtreok is Heir, and writeth hirnie It,
amongft his other Titles , \M& fttx-Hiigb ,
and affo quartered! the Coat. Thefe are term-
ed in Blazon Chevronels , in refpe<2 they are
abftraded from Chevrons, whereof they have
not alone the fhape, but alfo a borrowed name
of Diminution , as if you mould call them mi-
nute, or fmall Chevrons.

He beareth Argent,
three Chevronels bra-
fed in the Bafe point
of the Efcocheon , Sa-
ble, on a Chief of the
fecond , three Mullets
of the firft , by the
Name of T)anby , and
is now born by Chri-
ftopher Daniy of Ma-
Jham , Thorp -T arrow ,
and Scruton , in the North-Ridine of Tori-
Jhire ; of Driffield in the Eaft-Riding ; and
of Thomby in the Parifli of Leeds in the Weft-
Riding of Torkfiire, Efq.

The End of the Second Section.

7 1

Naturalia funt fyecula eorum qu£ non videntur.

' j ^His Third Section beginneth to treat of fuch Charges of Coat-
i* Armours as are called Common Charges, whereof fbme be
Natural and meerly formal ,• fuch are Angels and Spirits : and others
are both Formal and Material; as the Sun, Moon, Stars; as alio
fuch Natures as are Sublunary, whether they be living after a fort, as
all kinds of Minerals ; or that they live perfectly , as all manner of
Vegetables and Senfitive Creatures , with their General and Particu-
lar Notes, Rules, Precepts, and Obfervations.

The TABLE of the Third Seftion.

Formal,

r Natural

-As ill kinds of Spirits, which albeit thty arc Incorporeal Effences , yet In refpec* tb*t
> fome of them have had affumpted Bodies, astholetnat appeared to AM*m,Ut,*C
) they h>ve been born in Arms according to fach their affumpted (hapes.
^Heavens.

fConflant, <
\ ) <, Fixed.

' Stars ) vVandring : as the Sun, Moon, Comets, &c.

^Simple, ,

Materi-

Inconftant, as the Elements, 1 (lands, Mountains, Fountains, &c.
Brute.as) Fiery, as the Mullet, or Falling Star, Lightning,&c.

Meteors c Watry ,

Mist,

5: <

as Clouds, Rainbows, and their like.

( Liquefiable, as Gold, Silver, &c.
\ r Preciom , as the Diamond , S>-

rAfter fome fort, "/NotliqueA phire, Carbuncle, Ruby, &c.
1 Metals or Minerals, 1 filb | Cj a5 J

C Stones: yBafe.asall forts of Stones of vul-
(_ gar ufe and imployment.
Simple, that do grow upon one body or flem , as
all kind of Trees with their Limbs, Leaves, and
other parts.

Manifold, as Shrubs of all forts , whofe Leaves,
Flowers, and Fruits, are of more frequent ufe of
bearing in Arms, than is their whole bearing.
Stalks Such are all kinds of Herbs, and their parti.vir.
their Leaves and Flowers.-

.Contained, whereof only blood is of ufe in Arras:
I r ( r Ad junits^ Support, as the Bones.

Ifcil.their

r Plants&

other

Vegeta-

tives

that

grow
1 upon a

| grow S
I upon a I

I Com-
I mon
j parts

1 Their A-*
nimal
parts de-'
(tinated to

| Living
Crea.

r Four
" u j footed,
a ' and do

1 duce

Artificial, whereof fee the
Table of the foorth Secli- 1
on,attbis Character $■

Above the
earth, having
[.their feet

Egg',
which
fome
have

1 Diverfly
cloven.

of\

Covering, which is their Siting
Senfe and Motion together , is
the Brain , whofe excrement,
viz. tears, art only of ufe in
Armory.
Motion alone, the ufe whereof in
Arms is the heart.

Whole footed , as the
Elephant, Horfe.Mule,
Afs,&c.

In two , as
Harts,Goatf,

etc.
Inro many parts,
as Lions,Bcars,
Wolves,cxc.
Four feet , as the Tor-
toife, Frog , Lizard,
Crocodile, &c,
More than four feet, as
the Scorpion , Ant,
Grafhopper,&c.
gj Creeping, or rather gliding, as Snakes,
= [_ SnailSjBlind-worms, &c.

Whole and plain, and are called
Palmipedes, as theSwan,Goofe
Duck,. and other like River
Fowls. Divided, as Eagles
Hiwks,and all Birds of prey,
anddomeflical Fouls.
Skinned, as Larapries, Ee'es, Congers,

and fuch like.
Scaled, as the Dolphin, Barbel, Carp,

Bream, Roch.cVc.
Crufted, as Lobllers, Crabs, Crevices,

Prawns, Shrimps, &C,
Shelled, as Scalops, Oyfters , Peri-
winkleSjMufcleSj&c,

Reafonsble, which is Man,

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

•So

SECTION III

CHAP. I.

HAving performed the Task which our
propoled Order impofedon us, touch-
ing proper Charges , together with
their making, and divers manner of bearing:
the fame orderly Progreffion now calleth us
to the handling of common Charges , menti-
oned in the fecond Member of the fame Di-
ftribution. By common Charges I mean all
fuch other Charges hereafter following, as are
not hitherto handled.

( Natural.
Whether they be i

(_ Artificial.

Things Natural ( according to Philofophers)
are Effences by themfelves fubfrfting : Res na-
turalis eft ejfentia fer Je (ubfiflens. Mani-
fold , and in manner infinite are thefe things
Natural, as Zanchitts noteth, faying, Multa
[wit , & prop'e infinite , 11071 tarn res , quam
rerum fpecies , in Celts , in Acre, in Terrx,
in Aquis : therefore it is not to be expected,
that I mould in exemplifying of them , pafs
through all the particulars of them; but only
touch fuperficially fome of their chiefeft, fe*
lected out of that innumerable variety, where-
by I may manifeft in what ranks , and under
what heads , each peculiar thing muft be be-
ftowed, according to their feveral kinds, and
fo redeem them from all former confufed mix-
ture.

Of things Natural, fome are

("Formal.
(Material.

The formal Nature is moft fimple and pure,
and confifteth of the propriety of its own
form , without any body at all ; of which
fort are Spirits , which ( according to Scri-
bonius ) are Effentite jormatte rationales

immortalcs ; Elfences perfectly formed, rea-
fonable and immortal : I fay, perfectly form-
ed , to diftinguilh them from the Souls of men,
whofe forming is not perfe&in it felf, but is
for the informing and perfecting of the Eody
and the whole Man.

Amongft fuch Forms are numbred<

"Angels.
'Cherulims.

Angels, in the Opinion of moft men) are
incorporeal Elfences of a fpiritual Nature, void
of all material Subflance. Angelas^ in Latin ,
is the fame that Nuntius is , that is to fay a
Meifenger ; and the fame is a name of Office,
and not of Nature , as St. Augnftine noteth up-
on Tfalm 104. faying, Qutem nornen hujm
nature ? Spiritus eft. Quam officium ? An-
gelus eft. Will you know the nature of it ?
It is a Spirit. Will you know the Office of it?
It is an Angel or Meifenger. The like may
we find ( faith he ) in man : Nomeu nature
Homo, officii Miles: nornen nature Vir , of-
ficii Trator : To be a man , is a name of na-
ture : To be a Souldier or Pretor, is a name of
Office. Angels are Meffengers, by whom God
hath manifelled his will and power to his E-
lect in Chrift Jefus : In which refpect alfo the
Miniflers of God are called in Scriptures Gods
Angels, and therefore to be honoured as his
Embalfadours and Meffengers ; and their Do-
ctrine is Ev angel '1 urn , the good Angelical
Mellage of life eternal with the Angels in
Heaven..

All Angels are of like fpiritual Subflance ,
of like intelligent faculty , of like will and
choice ; In line , all of them created alike
good, and in nature perfect. Neverthelefs ,
as all men by nature and natural dignity are
alike , but by accident fome of them are of
more eftcem and worthinefs than others : So
M it

A Difflay of Heraldry.

SeS. ill.

it is alfo with Angels , raafmuch as fome of
them ( if we give credit to PhilofophersJ are
appointed to attend the motion of the Heavens,
others to reprefs the rage of Devils , as ap-
peareth Job S. Others have charge of prefer-
vation of Kingdoms, and to keep under the
rage of Tyrants , as is manifeft Daniel 20.
Some have charge of fome particular Church ,
others of Apoiiles and Pallors , and others of
private Perlbns, Tfalm 91. And all of them
are by Scripture faid to be Miniflrmg Sp-
rits.

Of this diverfity of Functions , and feveral
Adminiftrations , it is thought ( becaufe fome
of thefe Offices are of higher imployment
than others are } that fome of them are fim-
ply called Angels, fome Archangels, fome
Vermes , fome Dominations , as St. Hierom
exprcdy (heweth.

And albeit thefe heavenly Spirits be in their
own Nature void of all corporeal or material
Subftance , yet is it certain , when it pleafed
God fo to imploy them , they had affumpted
Bodies for the time, to the end they might
then more effectually accomplifh the fervice
that God hadinjoyned them. Such Bodies had
the three Angels that appeared to Abraham,
Cen. 18. Such Bodies alio had the two Angels
that came unto Lot, Cen. 19. And as God
gave them Bodies for that time , fo did he give
them alfo the Faculties anfwerable to fuch Bo-
dies ; viz. to walk, talk, eat, drink, and fuch
like. Thefe Bodies and bodily Faculties
were given them, to the end they might more
£ miharly con verfe and difcourfe with the god-
1' to whom they were fent, and the better
p >rm the charge enjoyned them , infomuch
9 liej did unfeignedly eat and drink, as Zan-
ci.nus noteth ; whereby they did the better
correal their proper Nature , until fuch time
as they mould make known unto men what
they were indeed. Hereupon it feemeth the
Ancients of fore-paft Ages have ufed the bear-
ing of Angels in Coat-Armours , according to
thofe bodily Jhapes and habits wherein they
appeared unto men, as in Example.

The Field is Jupiter,
an Angel volant in bend,
pointing to the Hea-
vens with his right
hand, and w ith his left
to the Earth , habited
in a Robe clofe girt,
Sol : having a Scroll if-
fuing from his mouth,
containing thefe four
Letters , G. I. E. D. The Letters do fig-
nine the words uttered by the .multitude of
heavenly Souldiers that did accompany the
Angel which brought unto the Shepherds the
moft joyful tidings of the birth of our bleffed
Saviour Jefus Chrift, praifing God, and faying,
Gkrta m excel fis Deo, % ,„ terra fax ■

Glory to God on high , and on Earth peace.
This Coat may well befeem any Ambailadour
or bringer of happy news, efpecially fuch as
firft plant Religion in any Country; in which
refpedt this our Nation hath been more glo-
rious , both in preferving ' and propagating
the purity of Religion, than any other of the
World.

The Field is Mars,
an Angel {landing di-
K& , with his hands
conjoyned , and eleva-
ted upon his breaft ; ha-
bited in a long Robe
clofe girt , Luna ; his
Wings difplay'd.as pre-
pared to liie, Sol. A-
mongft the Coat-Ar-
mours of fuch as were affembled at the Coun-
cil of Ccmpance, Antio Domini 141 j. I find
this Coat born by the Name of Bravgor de Ce-
ruifia. Furthermore , amongft the pcrfons
there affembled , I find that the King of A-
rabia bare for his Coat an Archangel, couped
at the breaft , the wings difplay'd, and ligned
in the forehead with a Crsfs. And that Gi-
deon, Epfcopus Tellicaftrenfis , did bear an
Angel iifuing out of the bafe of the Efcocheon,
with his hands conjoyned, and elevated on his
breaft , the wings difplay'd for readinefs of

flight.

He beareth Luna,
upon a Chevron , Sa-
turn , three Angels
kneeling, habited in
long Robes clofe girt,
with their hands con-
joyned and elevated as
aforefaid , and their
wings difplay'd , Sol.
This Coat is faid to be
born by Maellock Krwm of Wales. And in-
deed this form of kneeling well fitteth the An-
gels, to fliew their continual adoring of their
Almighty King, in whofe Chamber of Pre-
fence they daily wait : but that we ihould
kneel to them , that themfelves condemn in
the Apocahfs : and St. Taul exprefty forbid-
deth Angel-worlhip. And indeed a madnefs
it is, when Chrift commands us to pray , O
our Father , that any mould teach us to pray,

0 my Angel.

After Angels, Cherubims (whofe ufe in Ar-
mory is Ids frequent ) are to be handled. Of
thefe I find two Examples of feveral bearing ;
the one out of Hieron. Bar a , exprefting the
fole bearing of a Cherub: another out of Leigh,
of a Cherub born upon an Ordinary : to which

1 have thought fit to add a Coat of Name ,
for a more manifeft proof of their ufe in Arms,
as alfo to ihew that they are born as well

with

Chap.II. A Difplay of

Heraldry.

with Ordinaries between them, as upon Or-
dinaries.

He beareth Jupiter,
a Cherub having three
pair of wings, where-
of the uppermoft and
nethermolt are coun-
terly crolTed , and the
middlemoft difplay'd ,
Luna. As to the forms
of thofe Cherubims
that covered the Ark ,
it is of fomeholden, that they had the fimi-
litude of certain Birds , fuch as never any man
hath feen ; but that Mofes faw in his moft
blcfied Vifion fuch fhapes upon the Throne of
God. But Joftefh. Lib. Autiq. Judaic.'sSd.ith,
Hie Cherubic a effigies quanam fpecie fuerint
nemo vel con) ic ere pot eft vel eloqui : Of what
ihape thefe Cherubims were, no mortal man
can conjecture or utter.

He beareth Luna ,
on a Chief, Jupiter,
a,Cherub difplay'd, Sol.
The Cherubims were
pourtraited with wings
before the place where
the Ifraelites prayed,to
fhewhow fpeedily they
went about the Lords
bufinefs. Cherubim
(_ according to Zanchius , lib. z. de Nomitn-
bus AngeLorum ) is not the name of any Or-
der of Angels, or Celeftial Hierarchy (_aso-
thers would have it ) but fuch as may well a-
gree with all Angels : Nither doth that Name
always fignific their Nature, or ordinary Of-
fice , but for a certain reafon, even fo long as
they do appear to be fuch , as by thofe Names
they are (ignified to be. And it is to be ob-
ferved , that Cherub betokeneth the fingular
Number, and Cherubim the plural Number;

The Field is Sable,
a Chevron between 3
Cherubims, Or. This
Coat pertained to the
right worthy Gentle-
man , Sir Thomas Cha-
loner Knight, fometime
Governourto the moft
HighandMighty Prince
Hrary,Prince of Wales,
Duke of Ccrnwal and Rothfay , and Earl of
Chefter; and is now born by Sir Edward Cha-
loner of Gisborougb in the North-Riding of
lorlfljire, Knight.

In our Dividon we diftinguilhed thefe from
Angels , becaufe by moft they are taken for a
diftmift Order above ordinary Angels, taking
that Name from the fulnefs or abundance of

Divine and Myftical Science. Thus have you
Examples of Cherubims born, not only Sole ,
but alio upon and with Ordinaries.

CHAP. i r.

FRom things Natural that are meerly for-i
mal, we come to fuch as are Natural and
Material. Thofe are faid to be Eifences
Material, that do confift of a Body fubjedt to
motion and alteration; Natura materiata eji
effentia in cor fore motui obnoxio fubfijiens •
A material Nature is an ElTence fubfifting in a
Body fubjed: to motion.

f Simple.
Thefe are <

CMixt.

Simple, are certain Orbicular or Round Bo-
dies , or bodily Eifences, originally confifting
of an unmixed matter.

(Conftant.
Of thefe fome ares

Clhconltant.

Thofe are faid to be conftant Natures which
inrefpedof their perfection are of moft laft-
ing continuance ; fuch are the Celeftial Globes
and the Stars.

Ctlmmoveable.
The heavenly Spheres or.?

Globes, are ( Moveable.

The Unmoveable is holden to be that ut^
termoft Sphere that gliftereth fo gloriouiiy , as
that it dazeleth the lharpeft fight of man, and
is called Ctelum Emfyreum, the hery Heaven-
whereof we lhall be better able to judge and
fpeak, when God lhall bring us thither, and
y et our Star-gazers will take upon them to
talk fo confidently and particularly of thofe in-
comprehenfible Bodies , as if they had been
there,and furveyed every corner thereof. This
Celeftial Globe ( according to Scrtbomus ~) is
the Manfion Place and Palace of all the hea-
venly Natures , wherein the Angels , and o-
ther the bleifed of God, do with endlefs joy
behold the prefence of Almighty God face to
face. To this place Q according to the fame
Author ) were Enoch, Eltas, and Taul rapt
up before their deaths.

But now for more orderly progreffion here-
in , forafmuch as we have occafion here offer-
ed to fpeak of a Sphere , we will firft fhew
what a Sphere is, and fo proceed to the reft.

A Sphere is a figure or body exactly round
of all parts , and void of all Angles and Corn-
ers. The fpherical or round form is of all
M z other

7 6

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Seft.HI.

other the moft perfeft , as alfo the mod beau-
tiful, capable, and fit for motion a as much
as it is void of all corners, which might give
impediment to moving, therefore is this torm
mod agreeable to the Heavens and Celeftial
BodiesT which are evermore in continual and
reftlcfs motion. It was requifite then , that
the perfected Body ( fuch as the Heavens are}
fhould receive the perfedeft form, which is the
orbicular or round figure f£?™f£ h *%%
( faith Anftotle, lib. de Ccelo fe Mundo ) eft
omnium figurarum nobilior.

T he motion of the Heavens is the moft fin-
cere and unlaboured of all motions , Movetur
emm fine Lahore , © fatigatione An ft. de
Ccelo L As alfo it is faid in Ecclefiaft 1 6*4.6.
The Lord bath jet his wsf-ks in pod order from
the beginning, and fart of them be Junared
from the other , when the fir [I made them. He
hath ramified his worts for ever , and their
beginning fo long as they pall endure : they
are not hungry, nor wearied in their labours,
nor ceafe from their offices , Verfe 17. A-
"nin AW of them hindreth another, neither
was' any of them di [obedient to his words,
Verfe 28. He luildeth his Spheres in the
Heaven , and hath laid the foundations of
the Globe of Elements in the Earth : be cal-
leth the waters of the Sea, and ponreth
them out upon the open Earth ; the LORD
is his Name, Amos 9.6.

The matter whereof the Heavens are com-
pofed , hath in it this natural property, not to
be moved violently, neither yet naturally to
reft. As the fame Author teftifieth in thefe
words , Nalura materia Call eft innate rum
movere violent er, S non qniefcere naturaltter,
Lib de Ccelo : without intermiflion is the mo-
tion of the Heavens. Therefore are high and
noble Spirits refembled to the Celeftial Bodies
according to Lipfius , Alti athereique animi ,
itt ipfe tether , femper gaudent motu : Men ot
ethcrial or heavenlv Spirits cannot be idle, but
are evermore in adion, and exercife of things
commendable and vertuous, being thereto
moved and quickned by an honed and free dif-
pofition and affedion of the will and defire of
the mind : Omnia enim honefta opera ( faith
Seneca') voluntas inchoat , oceafio ferficit.

But vertue hardly receiveth her due merit
at all feafons. Nevertheless, Safe honor ata
eft virtus , etiam tibi eamfefellit exitus.

The circular Motion receiveth beginning in
itfelf, and hath the Smoothed paffage : for m
all other forms you fhall find Angels , either
more or lefs , which do give impediments to
motion , whereby they give occafion of fome
day or reft ( as I have faid before ). There-
fore it behooved , that the fincereft Body
fliould be fitted with the fimpleft form and mo-
tion. In this kind of motion of the Hea-
vens , is fignified the very eternity of God ,
wherein there is neither beginning nor ending
to be found; and therefore it is rightly faid

by the .Apoftle , The invifible things of God
are conceived and underftood by his creatures:
as alfo his Everlafting Power and Divine LI-
fence, whereof his vifible- works are the ex-
prefs Characters. . . . .

Mercurius Trifmeqiftus in his delcnption ot
God , refembleth him to a Sphere , laying,
Deus eft Sfhara, qui ratione japentiaqne
comprehend itur , cujus centrum eft ubique_,
circumferentia verb mifqu&t , Wc. God is
a Sphere that is apprehended by, reafon, whole
center is every where , and lib circumference
no where. For God hath neither beginning
nor ending: he wants beginning, becaufe he
was not made by any , but was himfelf the
Creator of all things: And he is void of ending,
by reafon that he had no beginning : Nam
quicqmd finttur , in fna prinapiarefolvitur;
Whatsoever hath an end , the lame is refolv-
ed into that it was at the firft.

As touching the Subftance of. the Heavens,
Scribomus faith , that it is Corpus conftans
ex aqua, in frmiffimam cjfentiam inftar pellis
extcnfie concameratum. It is a Body ( faith
he Vconfifting of Water, in the moft folid
Subftance thereof fpread out Vault-ways like
a Skin. .

Though it may feem to thee ( courteous
Reader) that I undertake a needlefs labour in
manifesting that the glorious Heavens and
Earth , were formed and framed by the molt
powerful God , a thing fo frequent in the Sa-
cred Scriptures , and alfo fo clear, as that no
man can doubt thereof : yet give me leave for
my own particular , who do labour to appre-
hend every occafion to publifh the glory ot the
Eternal and Omnipotent God ( which is the
main and principal end of our Creation) ef-
pecially fince the Order of my Method requi-
red! the fame; and that bomim all quod Upus
repetitum deleBat ; Give me leave, I Say , in
this my latter impreflion , to reprove my Self
for my too much neglected duty in my former ;
thatfo, though very late, yet at the lad, I
may prefer the Glory of God before the Order
of Method. .

The Moveable Sphere of the Heaven is the
Firmament. The Firmament is that continu-
al moving Heaven , which with his fwift Re-
volution fwayeth all the Inferiour Orbs, and
is calledjn Latin Firmameutum (according tp
Scribonius) d ftrmitate , that is, of the lia-
bility thereof; meaning (as I conceive) ei-
ther the durable fubfilting of it , or elfe the
unmoveablenefs of the two Poles , Article and
Antartick: otherwife, one felf fame thing
cannot be faid to be moveable and conftant ,
but in a diverfe reSped ; even as an Iron-
wheel in a Clock , though ftill in motion ,
vet both in refped of the metalline fohdity,
and of the fure faftning to the Axle, it may
be faid to be Firm and Unmoveable. If any
man bear a reprefentation of the Heavens ,
in his Coat-Armour , whether the fame have

the

Chap.If.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

the likenefs of a Solid or Armil Sphere , they
muft be reduced to this head : of this kind did
the famous Archimcde chufe for his Device ,
who before his death , commanded that a
Sphere Ihould be engraven on his Sepulchre.
And fuch a bearing is honourable for any great
Profelfor of Aftronomy, not fuch witlefs Wi-
zards and Fortune-tellers as ufually deceive the
World with their idle Predictions ; but thofe
Noble Spirits , whofe Eagle-eyes fearch out
the true Natures , Revolutions , and Proper-
ties of thofe Supernal Eifences.

The regardful confideration of the Heavens
and the Ornaments thereof, together with
their certain and orderly motions, fliould
mightily move and provoke us to raife up our
thoughts, from the love and contemplation of
bafe and earthly Objects (_ whereon we ufual-
ly dote ) to the admiration of his unfpeaka-
ble power and love of his incomprehenfiblc
gootinefs , who made fuch a wonderful Archi-
tecture ; tirft, to ferve for our ufe in this life ;
and afterward , to be our blefled Palace and
Manfion in a better life. For though all crea-
tures demonftrate the wifdom of their wonder-
ful Workmafter , yet the Heavens efpecially
declare his glory , and the Firmament his han-
dy-work : which made the godly King David
to rife out of his Bed m the night, to behold
the Heavens , and thereby to call to mind the
perverlity of Man , which never keeps the
courfe that God prefcribeth , whereas thofe
Bodies, though void of fenfe, yet from their
firft Creation never faltered in their endlefs
journeys.

Now fmce I have demonftrated and laid
open unto you what a Sphere is , the form ,
perfection, dignity, property, motion, fub-
ftance thereof, and the like , I will now fliew
unto you an Example of a Shield, illuftrated
with manifold variety of Celeftial Bodies , 8cc.
which will be very neceffary and commodious
to be inferted in this place.

The Field is Or , a
Sphere, Azure , beauti-
fied and repleniflied will
manifold variety of Ce-
leftial Bodies, environirjg
the Terrcftrial Globe,ajl
proper.

Thefe were the Oi-
naments wherewith the
Shield of that famous
and valiant Grecian Captain Achilles was il-
luftrated and garniihed : Which he caufed to be
engraven therein, to the end that the mind
of the beholders of them might be raifed
thereby to a confiderate contemplation and
meditation of the admirable power and wif-
dom of the Omnipotent Creator of them :
Which duty whofocver performeth, he accom-
plifheth the fum and effect of all true Nobility.

This Shield did Vnlcan garnifh with variety
of Stars of manifold kinds , and added thereto
the skilful feats and practifes , as well of Peace
as of W ars , and all their rights and offices ;
omitting (in a manner) nothing pertaining
to the well-governing of the Allemblies and
Societies of Men.

By this invention did he labour to manifeft
unto us , than there is no Shield more power-
ful to refill the vehement and violent aflaults
of adverfe Fortune ; that for a man to be fur-
niflied throughout with the compleat Armour
of Cardinal Vertues , fo (hall he be fitted and
prepared to fuftain whatfocver brunt or forci-
ble encounter fliall alfail them.

If we fliall compare this Shield of Achilles,
thus garnifhed and fufnifhec) , with manifold
varieties of things , both Celeftial and Terre-
(trial, with thofe Coat-Armours that confift
of Lyons, Griffins, Eagles, and fuch other
Animals, or ravenous Creatures, we fhalh.nd
that to be more available to chafe away and
foil all pailionate perturbations of the mind ,
occafioned by the concurrence of fome fudden
and unexpected danger , than any, or all of
thefe together can be; by how much that com ■
prifeth a mixture of calamities and comforts
together. For as the Globe of the Earth doth
reprefent unto us the dreadful and difmal dan-
gers that attend our mortal ftate, by reafon of
the manifold mutability of things Sublunary ,
to the daunting (oftimes ) of the moft v ali-
ant : fo contrariwife , the Celeftial forms do
reprefent unto us an Antidote or Prefervative
againft all dangerous events and accidents,
when we call to mind that thofe Celeftial pow-
ers , or rather Gods power in them , is able to
divert or mitigate in a moment all harmful e-
vents and dangers whatfoever , be they never
fo deadly. For thefe Celeftial Bodies are Gods
mighty andftrong Army, wherewith he often-
times difcomfiteth and fubdueth his Enemies,
and fuch as feek the fpoil and deftruction of*
his chofen people : as we may fee Judges 5;.
20. They fought from heaven, even the Stars
in their courfe s fought againft Sifera. The Sun
flayed his courfe at the prayer of Jofhua , 10.12.
And the Sun abode , and the Moon flood ft ill,
until the people avenged themfelves upon their
enemies,Verk 13. And there was no day like
that before it , nor after it , that the Lord,
hearkned to the voice of man , for the Lord
fought for Ifrael. And again , Ecclefiaft. 46.
4. Stood not the Sun fill by his means, and one
day was as long as two, Verfe 14.

By thefe vifible forms we (hould be incited
and provoked ( upon their view) to invocate
the moft powerful God for his aid and delive-
rance , when we find our felves any way
diftreffed or befet with perils by the Example
of Jqfima : He called unto the moft High Go-
vefnour , when the Enemies pretled upon him
on every fide , and the mighty Lord heard
him , and fought for him with Halftones ,

and

A Difflay of Heraldry. Sed.IIL

and with mighty power. So ihould we re-
ceive like comfort in all diftreffes , as Jofua
did. Thus Ihould their view put us evermore
in mind , to raife our thoughts to Godward ,
and take every occafion to glorifie him , by >in-
vocating him for his aid ; and fay With the
Kingly Prophet David, 1 lift my eyes to the
hills fro?n -whence comet h my help, $c. So
ihould we evermore in all diftrelles find the
comfort of his ever ready, and never failing
promife and providence : For in all things, O
Lord, thou haft magnified and glorified thy
people, and haft not deJMed to ajjift them in
every time and place, Wiftdom 29.21.

Thefe kinds of Coat-Armours are fo much
more noble and excellent , than thefe that we
receive by defcent from our Progenitors ( as
remunerations of their vertuous demerits) by
how much they have in them if ore of Art ,
witty Invention, and of efficacy to admonifh
and put us in mind to perfift in the performance
of our Duties.

This manner of adorning of Shields doth
Aldrovandus commend above all other gar-
nifhings, faying, Nihil eque atque Thilofo-
fhia , ab omnibus adverfis tuetur , nihil ejus
explicatu aptius eft ad fcutitm exornandum
& honeftius. There is nothing that doth fo
fafely protect a man againft the damage of
adverfe Fortune , as Philofophy doth , nei-
ther is there any thing more fit and fcem-
ly to beautifie a Shield withal , than the ex-
planation thereof.

Emblems , Hieroglyphicks, and Enfigns of
Noble Families , inafmuch as they do inftruct
our eyes unto vertue , they cannot be defaced
or blemiflied without great wickednefs : The
reafon thereof doth Famefius give in thefe
words , Cum virtntum imaginibus tantum de-
bemus , quantum mutts preceptoribus : Si il-
ia tamen mute dici fofl'unt , que in fdentio
omni Dotlrina [nut verbqfiora. Of all the
things that are (faith Cicero~) there is nothing
in the world that is better , nothing more ex-
cellent , nothing more beautiful and glorious
to behold, and not only that there is, but that
nothing can be thought or imagined to be of
more furpafling beauty than the world; where-
unto Lip/ins annexeth this addition, examine
the univerfality thereof, confider the great
and fmall parts thereof, and you fhall find
them compofed and compacted in fuch orderly
fort , as that they cannot poflibly be bettered
for ufe , or more glorious to behold. The
confideration whereof moved King "David to
break forth in admiration.

The Spherical Figure is of all other forms
the faireft , the molt capable , and the fim-
pleft, and comprehendeth all other forms.
In a Spherical Line the end is all one with the
beginning , therefore it doth aptly agree with
the nobleft and perfected Body, fucli as the
Heavens are.

There is nothing that more apparently ex-

preffeth the Spherical or round form of the
Heavens, than doth the Sun by his Circular
motion : The Sun, faith Solomon, Ecclef. 1 . y.
rifeth and goeth down , and dra-weth to his
place where he rifeth.

To the mod fimple body, the funpleft mo-
tion is due, as alio the funpleft form and
fhape.

Thofe things are faid to be moved with-
out labour , which are moved without any
intermiilion or reft , or any appetite or defire
of reft ; fuch is the motion of the Heavens, be-
caufe they are Circular or Round : in the Cir-
cular motion there is no reft at all.

That the World is Orbicular or Round , it
is manifeft by the infallible teftimony of the
Prophet David , Tfalm 89. The heavens are
thine , the earth aljo is thine, thou haft laid
the foundation of the round -world , and all
they that dwell therein , Tfalm 24. 1. The
Orbicular form that we obferve to be in Cele-
ftial Bodies is to them natural , but accidental
to the Elements : according to that faying ,
Figura Spherica in Caleftibus efSentialiter ,
in Element is verb accidentaliter. drift. 1. de
Coelo.

A Star ( which is next to be confidered af-
ter the Heaven ) is a permanent and conftant
ElTence, and the more condenfator compact-
ed part of the Sphere , wherein it is fixed,
for the illuminating of Inferiour Bodies : for
albeit it be an ufual diftinction , that of Stars
fome are fixed , and fome are planetary or
wandring , yet they are indeed all fixed alike,
and fetled in one certain part of the Sphere ,
but in refpect of our eye, and in reference of
their motions one of another , they have a di-
verfe afpect, and fo have gotten a diverfe
name. It is hoklen that the fixed Stars are
difcerned by their fparkling or twinckling , by
reafon that our fight being bound as it were by
the forciblenefsof their rcfplendent rays, our
eyes do become wavering and trembling in be-
holding them ; and for this caufe ought all
Stars to be made with their rays or points wa-
ved, as in Example.

He beareth Sable, a
Star, Argent , by the
Name of Ingle by. If
this Star were born
Or , which is his pro-
per Colour , it would
add much more grace
unto it , efpecially in
regard of the Azury
Field, the .proper Co-
lour of the Heavens, wherein Stars have their
natural Manfion. For a Star, faith Famefius,
is a Myftical Character , or Figure of God, to
whom all Worihip and Religion doth proper-
ly appertain; for like as Stars are called in La-
tin Stelle , a Stando, becaufe they be ever-
more fixed in the Firmament : fo there is no-
thing

Chap II.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

thing more conilant or of more perpetuity
than God, whofc facred Will is the regular di-
rection of all things whatfoever ; and there-
fore may it be faid not unfitly, that they figni-
rie God and Religion, or otherwife fome e-
minent quality foining above the ruder fort of
men , as a Star in the obfeurity of the night.

Now the chiefeft , but not the fole end,of the
Creation of Stars, was not alone to give light,
and with their influence to be a/lifting to the'
Sun and Moon , in their procreation, producti-
on, and fructification of the Seeds, Sets,Plants,
and Herbs committed to the Earth ; but alfo
to the defignation and foreihewing of times
and feafons , like as the Sun and Moon were,
as lhall be ihewed in place convenient hereaf-
ter. As for Example ; The rifmg of the Star
ArBarus , placed near to the Bear , called
Vrja Major, or the greater Bear, denoteth
unto us the prefence of the Spring.

This Star Iheweth it felf after B the expirati-
on of January and February , as a manifeft
note of the beginning of the Spring, when the
Sun entreth the (Ign of Aries.

The riling of the Pleiades or feven Stars doth
demonftrate unto us that the Harvelt Seafon is
at hand ; and fo forth of others. We may
read hereof Job 38. where he fpeaketh of
the influence of thefe and of other Stars, j \
The molt part of all the Stars are , as it
were, pubhlhers and prockimers to adjno-
nilh us what we ought to do in each lcafon
concerning the things terving for the ufe of this
prefent life.

Stars are Gods Inflruments whereby he
worketh the effects of his Providence in thefe
Infenour Bodies; Inftrumento autem utitur
Artifex pro [no Arbitrio ■ An Artificer ufeth
his Tool at his pleafure, and to ferve his will.
In vain therefore are the predictions of them
that take upon them to foretell of things con-
tingent , and that lhall come to pafs in future
time ; and will confidently affirm what good
or evil fortune lhall befall a man : AtrnngThot
is only known to the fecretwill of God , and
refteth in his Divine Prpvidence to difpof-
thereof at his good pleafure ; as apmsJeth
Trov. 10. 2.4.

A r s n t0 , the number of points whereof a Star
conlilteth, we mult obferwe, they mult nevfer
be fewer than fix; but when the fame is form-
ed ol more, then mull you in blazoning of
them exprefs their certain number': forfome-
times you lhall find a Star formed of Six-
teen points, as in this next Example lhall
appear. r

He beareth Azure, a
Star of fixteen points ,
by theName ot'Huitfo;,,
and is the Coat- Armour
of John Hnitfou of C/eaf-
by in the County of
Tork , Efq; one of the
Captains of the CauU-
ftrem Regiment of Foot
Guards to his Majefly
K. Charles the Second.

He beareth Argent i
a Star of fixteen points,
Gules, by the Name of
Tlelahay. The Field of
a Coat-Armour(as fome
men do hold) being Ar-
gent or White, doth
fignifia Literature, and
the Charge furmounting
the fame being Gules or
Red, which is an Imperial Colour , and is
lometimes fer Synecdoche,! , taken f as the
thing fignined ) for the fign it felf that is
thereby reprefented : And white , bcin^ a
token of Juftice (is in fuch a Cafe ) iur-
mountedof Red, which is proper to Forti-
tude , betokeneth.as they do conceit it, Learn-
ing, which giveth place to Arms; and not
Arms to Learning. This did the Poets fecret-
ly exprefs , when they preferred T alias to be
the Governefs of Learning; and Mars be-
ing a man, to the managing of Martial affairs •
whom they would have to receive the deno-
mination of Mars, A magmtudine Artis

The excellency of the S^tars is highly com-
mended, EccleJ.^.g. where fpeaking of the
glorious beauty of their Order and Conflellati-
ons it isfaid, That it is a Camp pitched on
high llnning in the Firmament of Heaven
[be beauty of the Heavens are the glorious
Atars and the Ornament that Jfmietl tn the
high places of the Lord. By the command-
ment of the holy One they continue in their or-
der, and fail not in their -watch. And the
particular JW, ( fi lit h David j God calleih
by their name s ; as likewife doth patient Job
remember the titles of feveral Conftellati-
ons.

Stars are fometimes found pierced,and other
whiles charged; for the difference of which
two forms of bearing, you have had a Rule
formerly delivered. Moreover , it is a Rule
infallible, That the piercing of Stars mull be
evermore round ; for the piercing fquare and
Lofenge-ways , are repugnant to the nature of
Stars. Here I will give you a general Obfer-
vation touching bearing of Ordinaries and
common Charges together.

That

A Difflay of Heraldry.

That in the mat bearing of )
Ordinaries and Common Charg- f In , upon,
es together.all Common Charg-' or with
esmaybe, and are born )

•Chief,

Pale,

Bend, ■

Fefs,

Chevron,
i Barr,
I Gyron,
' Crofs,

I Saltire,

jOrle,

' or one Common Charge, in, upon,
\ or with another.

This General Rule I have thought good o
fet down in this place , here being my b& en-
trance into the handling of c ° m XSS
and where their mixt bearing w t h O d inaucs
is firft mentioned, to the end that the lam.
may ferve as the (tern of a Ship to direct 3 our
Srftanding, touching fuch mterpofe bca -
incr of any ot the common Charges With Or-
dmar es • - becaufe I labour to (bun all idle itera-
^s^ndmuhiplicit^of^^e^^m-

tions auu iuu^h-v 1 : , , — r anA
pies , tending to one and the fame end.
Form of bearing (hall you find d^perfedly yet
not confufedly , exemplified in this Work tl a
will Rive approbation to the generality ot this
n ^ which doth not warrant this torm of
bearing alone fa tfefe, but :.jMb .V*«$W
all other Coat-Armours ot like kind. Ot thele
f vcral forms of bearing, I have chofen fome
particular Examples , as w thefe next Ef-
Lrheons, and others,lhaU follow m their pro-
per places.

He beareth Sable, a
Star of eight points ,
between twoFlanches,
Ermyn , on a Canton,
Argent,a Sinifter hand, I
couped at the Wrift ,
Gules. This is the
Coat-Armour of Sir
John Hobart of Blick-
'inge in the County of
Norfolk, Knight and Baronet, Heir-male to Sir
Z ftferfbigbt and Baronet, Chief Ju-
ftice of the Common Tleas , who was defend-
ed from the fecond Son of Sir James Hobart ot
Uales-ha.il fa the faid County, Attorney Ge-
neral to Ring Henry the Seventh. Stars are,
"umbred amongft the Hoft of Heaven for that
it pleafeth CocTfometimes to execute his Ven-
geance upon the wicked, with no lefs dreadful
def ruction by them than by numerous and mi-
litant Armies , as appeared! by the place of
Scripture by me formerly cited J*4#*-. As
touching the colour of Stars , I hold it fufficient
to name them only when they be born proper-
ly and in their natural colour , which is Or ;
but if they be of any other colour , then the
fame muft'be named. As for the Canton thus
cha'-ged, it being an augmentation or remu-
neration given by our late Dread Soyeraign
Kin°- James , to fuch as his Majefty advanced

to the Dignity of Baronet ( it being an Or-
der and Degree by him erected,)One of which
number was Sir Henry Hobart Knight and
Baronet, and late Lord Chief Juftice of the
Court of Common Tleas , Father to this Sir
John Hobart. I lhall have better occafion to
fpeali thereof in the fixth Section, and fecond
Chapter When I come to treat ot fuch Ar-
morial Signs, as by the Soveraigns favour are
fometimes afligned for Augmentations.

He beareth Ermyn,
on a Chief indented ,
Gules, three Stars , by
/WiVVVi^ the Name of Ej'cotirte.
1 , * • When you find any

Ordinary charged upon
the Field ( having no
other Charge, as in this
Example ) you muft
reckon their Charging
to be a Dignity unto them , forafmuch as
they are deemed to be thereby greatly ho-
noured. In regard whereof they are called
Honourable Ordinaries. Like as this Chief is
Charged , fo fliafl you f .nd the Bend, Chevron,
Fefs, Saltire, Barr , and all other the before-
mentioned Ordinaries , charged upon, as be-
fore we obferved , and hereafter lhall ap-
pear.

He beareth Gules ,
three Stars, a Canton,
Ermyn, by the Name
of Leverton. Here I
do name three Stars ,
as if the Canton were
away , as well to the
end that the manner
of their pofition may
be perfectly underftood
by fuch Blazon ; as alfo to lhew that the Can-
ton doth not rebate the Star in the Dexter
point , but only doth furmount the fame.

Chap. II.

A Difylay of Heraldry.

He beareth Gules ,
an Efcocheon, Argent,
between eight Stars in
Orle. This Coat was
born by Sir John Cham-
ber 'lain of Trieftbury,
in the County of Glo-
cefter , Knight ; and is
now born by John
Chamberlain of Mau-
gersbury ; and by Thomas Chamberlain of Od-
dington, both of the faid County, Efquires.
Thefe Stars are faid to be born in Orle,or Orle-
ways ; but they cannot be properly faid to be
an Orle of Stars, becaufe they have no con-
nexion to fatten them together , but are born
feverally and apart one from another.

He beareth Azure, ten
Stars, four, three, two,
and one, Or.by the name
of Alftone. This, with
the Arms of Vlfter , is
the bearing of Sir Tho-
mas Alftoue of Ode 11 in
Bedfordfloire , Knight
and Baronet , and of Sir
John his Brother,Knight:
As alfo of that Eminent Phyfician Dr. Edward
Alftone.

The Field is Dia-
mond, a Fefs wavy be-
tween the two Pole
Stars , Artick and An-
tartick, Pearl. Such
was the worth of this
molt generous and re-
nowned Knight , Sir
Francis Drake , fome-
time of Tlymouth, as
that his merits do require that his Coat-Ar-
mour iliould be exprelfed in that feleded man-
ner of Blazoning , that is fitting to Noble Per-
fonages, in refpect: of his noble Courage and
high Attempts atchieved, whereby he meri-
ted to be reckoned the Honour of our Nation
and of Naval Profeffion ; inafmuch as he cut-
ting thorow the Magellamck Straits, Juno
Domini 15-77. within the compafs of three
years he encompaffed the whole World ;
whereof his Ship, laid up in a Dock near
Dejitford , will long time remain , as a molt
worthy Monument. Of thefe his Travels a
Poet hath thus fung :

Drake, fererrati novit quern terminus or bis,
Quemcjue feme I Mundi vidituterque Tolas.

Sitaceant homines, facient te Sydera notum,
Sol nefcit comitis non memorejfe Jut.

The worlds furveyed bounds, brave Drake, on
thee did gaze,
Both North and Southern Toles have feen
thy manly face ;
If t hankie (s men conceal, thy fraife the Stars
Will blaze,
The Sun his Fellow-travellers worth wiU
duly grace.

This Coat, with the Arms of Vlfter, is now
born by his defcendant, Sir Francis Drake of
B tick land Mouachorum.m Ttevonjbire , Baro-
net.

He beareth Argent ,
a Fefs between three
Stars , Gules , by the
Name of Everard.
The three Stars ex-
prelfed in this Efcoche-
on, may put us in mind
of that threefold path
of Religious palfage un-
to the hea.vcn]yCanaan,
viz. Moderation and Sobriety towards our
felves, Piety towards God, and Juftice towards
men.

The Stars may fignifie unto us a hopeful
fuccefs and happy event, in the turbulent
time of tempeituous Haws and turmoils of this
prelentlife.

Like as in the Winter feafon the Stars fliine
more clear and refplendent than in the Summer
time ; even fo is the glory and vertue of a ge-
nerous and magnanimous fpirit more evident-
ly difcerned in a mattered and broken eltate ,
than in profperity.

Whenfoever there is a feparation of com-
mon Charges born in Coat-Armours,by reafon
of the Interpofition of fome of the before
mentioned Ordinaries, then are they not term-
ed Ordinaries , but molt worthy Partitions;
and they are fuch ( faith Leigh ) as though
the common Charge annexed do occupy more
than one point of the Efcocheon , yet every
of them is in as great effect: as though it were
one only thing, by the reafon of Sovereignty
of the fame Partition interpofed.

Thus I have given you a talte of the parti-
cular and variable manner of bearing ot Or-
dinaries commixt with common Charges, ac-
cording to the General Rule formerly givom
As for Example , that common Charges are
born with Ordinaries , you may fee in the firft
and third of thefe fix Efcocheons: That they
be born upon Ordinaries, it is manifelt by the
fecond Efcocheon : That they are parted by
Ordinaries interpofed between them , it ap-
peareth by thefe kit Efcocheons : That they
are born in form of Ordinaries , or Ordinary*
ways, it is clear by the fourth Efcocneon.
Note, that albeit I have here fet 'low:! but one
Example of each of thefe particular forms of
N bear-

82 _

bel^mZy^Ay^ hold that in every of
thefe leveral forts there are divers other pard?
rular kmds of compose* of Coat-Armou s,
asfhail appear hereafter at large unto . the dili-
gent Ob/erver. Furthermore,vvhereasI h av e
livea onlv iWo Examples of common Charges
gorn with Ordinaries, one Example of Ordi-
naries charged upon, one
pofed, and one of common Charges boin O.-
Lary-ways, or in form ot Ordinaries ; you
muft understand by the nrft fort, ~?
Charges whatfoever, born with a Pale bend,
Fefs, "Chevron, or any other ot the Ordmar.es
before-named in any fort by the fecond : ad
forts of Ordinaries charged upon with any
kind of common Charge: by the third, an in-
terpofition of whatfoever fort of Ordinary be-
rwten common Charges. Laftly.by the fourth,
you muft underftand all forts of common
Charges born in form, or after the manner ot a
Crofs SaW re, Pale, Bend.Fefs.or of any other
of the faid Ordinaries. Thefe have I here
handled briefly, becaufe I muft of nece/iity deal
more copioufly in each particular of them m
places better fitting thereunto.

A~Diftl*y of Heraldry.

Sea. 111.

CHAP. in.

THus far of fuch Stars which we called
fixed : Now of thofe Planets whofe
, fliapes are of moft ufe in Heraldry ; I
mean thofe two glorious Lights, the one for
the Day , the other for the Night : for, as for
the other fiveTlanets , becaufe their afpecl is
lefs to the view, therefore they cannot eafily
admit a different form from the fixed
Stars. The Sun is the very fountain ot Light,
and ( as fome Philofophers think ) ot Heat
ajfoj and all the fplendor which the Moon hath,
itborroweth from the Sun , and therefore as
the Sun goeth farther off, or nearer to her, fo
her light doth increafeor diminifli. And be-
tween both thefe and the Stars there is a great
conformity, in refpedf. of their fparkling and
refplendent beams , which are in appearance
more evident, and in operation more effedual,
or at leaft more palpably difcerned in thefe , by
reafon of their nearnefs unto us , than of thofe
that are from us fo far remote. But here-
in they are unlike , that the beautiful and
blazing brightnefs of thefe is oftentimes fob-
bed to the paifion of darkning or eclipfmg.
Of whofe glittering , eclipfing , and variety
of forms , we have bearing, thefe and other
like Examples following.

He beareth Azure, a
Sun in his glory, by the
Name of S. Cleerc. To
exprefs the Colour of
the Sun, being thus
born, I hold it needlefs;
tor who knoweth not
that the chiefeft glory
and higheft commenda-
tion that may be given
to the Sun doth confift in this , that he is beau-
tified with the brightnefs ot his proper beams:
which cannot be better exprelied than by the
Colour Gold , or Gold-yellow. But if it be
born of any other than this , which is his na-
tural colour , then muft the fame be exprefly
mentioned, as m due place fliall appear. The
Sun is called in Latin Sol , according to fome
Authors, Vel quia Joins ex omnibus Jldert-
bus ffi tantus , vel quia cum eft exortus ot-
fcural'is aliu folus affaret: for that only he is
"fo great, or for that when he is rifen, he io
darknethallthe reft with his fplendor, as that
he alone appeareth in Heaven, as a Monarch
in his Kingdom. Of the glory and excellency
of the Sun, it is faid, Eccluf. 4,2. 16. The Sun
that fhiueth, hoketh on all things, and all the
wfirks thereof are full of the glory of the Lord.
And again, Eccluf. 43. 2. The Sun aljo a
marvelous infirumeut , when he affearcth
declareth at his going out the Ivor kef the moft
High. At Noon it burnetii the Country, and
who may abide the heat thereof. Verfej. The
Sun burnetii the Mountains! three times more
than he that keefcth a Furnace with continual
heat. It cadet h out the firry vapours, and with
the pining beams blindeth the eyes. Great is
the Lord that made it, and by his command-
ment he caujeth it to run haply. And if we
confider how many foggy rrufts it dilpelleth
how manynoifome vapours k confumeth, and
how all Creatures are overcome with the heat
thereof, we fliall find that Kins David did
very aptly compare it to a Giant (tor ftrength)
refreflied with wine, (for the heat) to run his
courfe, for his fwift motion.

He beareth Gules, a
Chief, Argent, on the
lower part thereof a
Cloud , the Suns re-
fplendent Rays there-
out ilTuing, Proper, by
the Name of Lejone in
Northamftovfljire. The
formerExample where-
in the Sun is born, doth
reprefent a vifible form of a corporeal fhape of
a Body, from which thefe Rays or Beams here
demonftrated may be apparently feen to iffue;
And thefe are as it were ftrained through a
Cloud. Sometime one Ray or Beam of this

glo-

Chap. 1 11.

A Dtfplay of Heraldry.

glorious Planet is born in Coat- Armour , with-
out any other Charge, as in this next Exam-
ple.

He beareth Azure ,
one Ray of" the Sun ,
itfuing out of the Dex-
ter corner of the Efco-
cheon Bend-ways , pro-
per , by the Name of
AUdm. Here I do not
in the Blazon make any
mention of the three
points or lines which are
on either fide of the Ray , for in Nature they
have no Elfence, but proceed from the weak-
nel's of the Eye, which is not able to behold fo
glorious an object as the Sun.

He beareth Or , a
Sun eclipfed, Sable. If
this Colour were not
accidental in refpecl of
the eclipfe of the Sun,
the fame fliould not
have been named. The
Suns eclipfe is occafion-
ed by the Interpofition
of the Moon, which
though it be far lefs in quantity , yet coming
betwixt us and the Body of the Sun, it doth di-
vert the Beams thereof, and debarretli us of
the fight of them , even as the interpofition
of our hand, or any other fmall body, before
our eyes , doth debar us from the fight of fome
greater Mountain. For to think that the Sun
doth lofe his light by the Eclipfe, as doth a
Candle being extinct , proceedeth out of meer
ruflick ignorance : as the like error is in thofe
who think the Sun lofeth his light, orgoeth to
Bed every night, whereas it doth only remove
it felf from our Horizon, to enlighten other
Countries fituated in other parts ot the world.
As was well exprelfed by Secundum the Phi-
lofopher , who being demanded by Adrian
the Emperour what the Sun u as , taking his
Table in hand, wrote in this manner; Sol eft
Cali oculus, ealoris ctrcv.ittis, fplendorjiue oc-
cajii , diet ornatus , horarism diftributor : It
is the eye of Heaven , the circuit of heat, a
Ihming without decay , the days ornamcnt,the
hours diftributor. The mod miraculous E-
clipfe of the Sun that ever was,happened then
when the Sun of Righteoufnefs, the Son of
God , was on the Crofs , when all the Eartht
was fo benighted at Noon-day , that T)ioni fins'.
Atrvpagita a Heathen Athenian, cryed out,
Ei ther the World was at an end, or the Maker
of it wasfuffi ring fome great ^oKy.Thc Stars
and Planets hitherto fpoken of do "Urine alike,
or after one manner. Now others there are
which fliine after a divers fort : fuch are the
Moon and Comets,which we call Blazing Stars.
Neither are we ignorant,that in proper fpeech,

and truth of Philofophy,' Comets are not Stars,
but Meteors : yet the Vulgar Opinion, and the
received name and fhape ufed in Heraldry,may
warrant me for thus ranking them amongll
the Stars. But as touching the Moon , her
Light is meerly reflective , as the brightnefs
of a Looldng-glafs againft the Sun ; and in re-
fpeci that her Jubilance is very unequal , as in
fome parts of thicker fubitance , and in fome
parts thinner, therefore me is unequally en-
lightned by the Sun-beams, which maketh the
weak eye , and weaker judgment, to fancy a
face of a man in the Moon : whence we have
gotten the faihion of rcprefenting the Moon
with a face. But why the Sun ihould have
the like, I wot not; unlefs it be that he
fliould not be out-faced by the Moon, being his
inferiour. The molt wile and provident God
before the Creation of his other works , did
firft create the Light, to teach man to lay the
firft foundation of all his actions in the lig'ht of
true knowledge , thereby to direct his ways
aright , and that his doings be not reproved
as works of darknefs : elpecially fince God
would not fuffer the Night it felf to be fo
wrapt in darknefs , but that the Moon and
Stars fhould fomewhat illuminate it. And
according to the divers apparitions of the
Moon , hath flie her divers denominations in
Heraldry ; as her Increment, in her increafe ;
her Complement, when flie is at full ; her De-
crement, in her waning ; and her Detriment
in her Change and Eclipfe. And according
to thefe varieties , is flie alfo diverfiy born
in Coat-Armour , as the Examples following
will fliew.

He beareth Cules ,
an Increlfant, Or, by
the Name of Dejcus.
This is the ftate of
the Moon from her en-
trance into her firft
Quarter, which is moft
ufually the feventh day
after the Change, unto
her full. In which time
more and more illuminated , until (he
hath filled her Circle. This word Increlfant
figniheththe Moons Increment, or increafin°-
ettate ; and it ma)' fitly reprefent the riling
Fortunes of iome hopeful Spark , illightned
and honoured by the gracious afpect and
beams of his Soveraign , who is the bright
Sun and Fountain of all the Light of glorious
Nobility, and may confer the Rays of his
Grace on whom it belt pleafeth him.

8 4

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Sea. HI.

He beareth Ermyn ,
threelncrelfants, Gules.
This Coat pertained to
the Family of the
Syinmes of Davenlrce,
in the County of Nor-
thampton.

He beareth Azure, a
Moon in her Comple-
ment (which is as much
as to fay, the Moon ll-
luflratecl with her lull
light) Proper. Here
you need not to name
the Colour of the Moon
for the Reafon before
delivered in the lirft Ex

ample of the Sun. The proper Colour of the
Moon we in Heraldry take to be Argent , both
for the weaknefs of the light.and alio for dift m-
ciion betwixt the Blazoning of it and the Sun :
and therefore when we Blazon by Planets , we
name Cold Sol , and Silver Luna. Concern-
ing the ufe of the Moon , itisfaid, Ecclej.^.
6. The Moon alfo hath he made to appear ac-
cording to her feafon, that it flmdd be a de-
claration oftheTime,and afign for the World,
Verfe 7. The Feafts are anointed by the
Moon, the light thereof diminijljetb unto
1 he end, Verfe 8 . The Moon a called after the
name thereof, andgrowetb wonderful in her
changing. The Moon is the Miftrefs by which
all moift, mutable, and unconftant things are
ruled; asMuher, Mare, Flumina, Fontes ;
a Woman, and the Sea, Rivers and F ountains ;
the ebbing and flowing of the Sea following
the motions of the Moon.

He beareth Azure, a
Moon decreffant, Pro-
per, by the Name of
Delaluna. This is the
ftate of the Waning
Moon , when flie de-
clineth from her Full,
and draweth to her
laft Quarter , which
i's accomplished moft
commonly the feventh day after Hie hath at-
tained the Full , and receiveth a diminution of
her light , to the waiting of the one half
thereof; and from the faid feventh day after
her Full , fhe diminilheth continually more
and more , until Ihe become again (as many
honeft men are) corniculata , iharp-homed ,
and fufiereth continually diminution unto the
inftant of her Change ; and differeth from her
prime ftate after the Change, only in this, that
the lirft ( reprefented by the firft of thefe Ex-

amples ) is turned to the right hand of the
Efcocheon , and this other to the left. And
hitherto 1 have propofed Examples of her na-
tural afpeefs , you lhall now fee her accidental
form ; as in Example.

He beareth Argent, a
Moon in her detriment ,
or Eel iple, Sable. The
Moon is Eclipfed only
at filth time as ihe is at
her full ftate , and dia-
metrically oppoiite unto
the Sun ; when by in-
terpofition of the Earth
between them,lhe feem-
eth to our fight , for the time, to be deprived
of her light, through the ihadow of the grofs
body of the earth. This is a paffive form of
the Moon; and fuch her Paiiions are called in
Latin , Lahore s Luna , the throws' or pangs
of the Moon. In former time the old Ger-
mans thought the Moon was in a Trance, and
ufed to fhout and make a noife with Batons, to
wake her : Or elfe they fuppofed Ihe was angry
with them , and therefore they howled till ihe
locked chearfully on them again. Of this
mutable ftate of the Moon , thus writeth the
Poet :

Nec far ant eadem noc~lurn£ forma Diana,
Effepotcft ufquamftmper hodierua fequente:

Dame Cynthia imitates the Dames of our
Nation ;

Every day /he attires her felf in a new
fajfj/on.

Which occafioncd a witty Moral related by
Tlutarch f as I think ) how on a time the
Moon fent for a Tavlor to make her a Gown,
but he could never "fit her, for it was either
too little, or too big for her; which was not
the Taylors fault, but her own inconftancy:
fo impoilibleathingitistofitthe humours of
one that is fickle and unliable.

Sometimes you fhall find all thefe feveral
kinds of Lights before exprclled , born toge-
ther in one Efcocheon ; as in Example.

He beareth Azure,
the Sun, the Full Moon,
and the Seven Stars,
Or, the two firft in
Chief, and the laft of
Orbicular form in bafe.
. , v r ■ ; It is faid that this Coat-
\ 'WW'y?' / Armour pertained to
\*yt~jU -Zfc/ Johannes de Fontibus,
flxth Bilhop of Ely;
■who had that ( after a
fort ) in his Efcocheon , which Jofeph had in
his Dream, Gen. 57. 9. where the Sun, Moon,
and eleven Stars did do him reverence ; iigni-

fyiog

Chan. ill.

A Difflay of Heraldry.

fjihlg his Farher, Motherland eleven Brethren.
For as in Scripture, fo in Heathenilh Devo-
tions alio , the Sun and Moon were account-
ed the Male and Female , and lbmetimes Man
and Wife ; and as the Moon hath all her light
from the Sun , fo hath the Wife from the
Husband; and as the Moon is ever lighter on
that fide which looks towards the Sun , fo
ihould the Wife ftudy to be fairell in her Huf-
bands eye. And many Wives in their Huf-
bands abfence do truly imitate the Moon in
this , that they are lighteft when their Sun is
tarthell from them. Howfoever this marriage
betwixt Sun and Moon was made up, it is cer-
tain that once the Banes were forbidden ; as
appeareth by one, who fpeaking of Queen
M.iries days, and of her _ Marriage, relateth,
how when the Sun went firft a woing to the
Lady Moon , all Nations (efpecially thofe of
hot Countries) preferred a Petition to Jupiter,
to hinder the Nuptials , allcdging, that there
then being but one Sun , yet he fcorched and
burned all , but if he ihould marry , and get
other Suns , the heat would fo increafe , as all
muft needs pei ifh: whereupon Jupiter ftayed
the- match ior that time , or at leaft , was fo
propitious, that no ilTue came of the conjun-
ction of thofe fiery flames. The feveral (fates
of the Moon increafing and decreafing before
handled , are now very rare in bearings , and
in manner antiquated : inafmuch as in thefe
days, not only their ihapes , but their very
names alfo are extinct , and inftead of them
we have another new coyned form, having
neither the name , lfiape , nor yet fo much as
the ihadow of the former remaining , as may-
be feen in the nextEfcocheon.

He beareth Azure, a
Creifant , Ardent , by
the Name of Lttey, and
is born by Lucas Lucy
of the City of Loudon,
Merchant.

Argent, three Creilants, Gules,by the Name
of Butuillam of Northampton/Lire. At this
day we take no notice of any other form , ei-
ther of the increafing or decreafing Moon, but
only of this depraved iTiape , which corrupt
Cuilom hath raihly hatched , as a form much
differing from thofe before exemplified , if not
meerly repugnant to nature. The Patricians
of Rome ufed to wear the Badge of the Moon
on their ihoes : as thefe Creflants are , fome-
times the fole Charge of the Field, as in this
Efcocheon , fo they are born upon , and be-
tween the honourable Ordinaries , as in thefe
Examples following.

He beareth Azure ,
three Creilants , Or ,
by the Name of Rider,
and is the Coat-Ar-
mour of Thomas Rider
of Bednal-Green in
Middlesex, Efcj; Son
and Heir of Sir Willi-
am Rider of the faid
place, Kt. deceafed.

Gules, three CrelTants, Or, by the Name of
MunningsjaA is born by William Mannings of
Waldarjhire in Kent, Efquire.

\ "4 4 k

He beareth Sable , a
Fefs, F.rmyn , between
three Creilants, Or, by
the Name of Coventry ,
and is the Paternal
Coat Armour of the
Right Honourable Hen-
ry Coventry Efquire, his
Majefties Principal Se-
cretary of State, fon to
the Right Honourable
Thomas Lord Coventry , Lord Keeper of the
Great Seal of England , Tempore Caroli Tri-
mi.'

He beareth Azure,' a
Fefs Nebule , between
three CrenVirs, Er-
myn , by the Name of
Weld , and is the Pa-
ternal Coat-Armour of
Humphrey Weld of
Lulworth - Cajtle in
DorfetJJjire , Efquire ,
Governour of his Ma-
jeures Hie and Caltlcs
of Tort land inA Sand sf cot ; lineally defend-
ed from Edrick Sylvaticus , alias Wild ( a
Saxon of great Renown in the Reigns of King
Harold and William the Conquerour ) whofe
Father Alfrick was Brother to Edrick of
Stratton, Duke of Mercia.

He beareth Sable , a
Chevron between 3
Creflants , Or, by the
Name of Talmer, and
with the Anns of Vl-
fter , is the Coat- Ar-
mour of Sir Lewis
Talmer of Carleton in
NortbamptcnJJjire, Ba-
ronet, fon and heir of
Sir Geffrey Talmer of
the faid Place , Knight
and Baronet, deceafed, late Attorney General
to his Majefly King Charles the Second.

Sa-

8<$

A Dijflay of Heraldry.

Sea. nr.

Sable, a Chevron Er-
niyn between three
Cretfants , Argent , by
the Name of Glover ,
and is born by Mr. Tho-
mas Glover of the Ci-
tv of London , Mer-
chant.

He beareth Sable, a
Chevron between two
Cretfants in Chief, and
a Trefoil flipped in
bafe,Or, by the Name
of Wtfierne , and is
born by Thomas We-
Slerue of the City of
London, Gent.

He beareth Or, on a
Chief indented, Sable,
three Creffants, Argent,
by the Name of Har-
vey, a Family of good
eminency, and is now
born by Harvey
of Comb-Nevil in Sur-
rey, Efq; Son and Heir
of Sir Daniel Harvey
of the faid place Knight.

deceafed , late Ambaffadour for his Majefty
King Charles the Second , to the Grand Seig-
niour.

He beareth Argent,
on a Chief, Vert, three
Creffants of the Field,
by the Name of Symp-
lon, and is the Paternal
Coat-Armour of John
Symplon of the Inner-
Temple, London, Efq;
Judge of the Sheriffs
Court for the Toultrey
Compter in Guild-hall,
London, defcended from the ancient Family of
the Symp\ons of the North.

He beareth Argent,
a Chevron between
three Creffants, Ar-
gent, on a Canton, Sa-
ble , a Dove with an
Olive Branch in her
Bill, all Proper, by the
Name of Walker, and
is born by Thomas Wal-
ker of the Inner Tem-
ple, London, Efquire ,
(fometime Comptroller of the faid Society)

Son of Thomas Walker of War-wckfhire , Efq;
who was defcended from an ancient Family in
the County of Leicefler by his Mother from Sjr
Thomas Chamberlain oiTrejlbury in Gloceftcr-
flu>-e,Kt. who was Ambaffadour to King Hen-
ry the Seventh, and Eighth, Edward the
Sixth, and Queen Mary ; and he was the firft
that brought Coaches into England: which
Family is defcended from Count Tanlerville
in Normandy. The faid Thomas Waller, the
Bearer hereof , is now married to Elizabeth
Games , Daughter and Coheir of Hoo Games
of Newton in Brecknockfliire, Efq; who is de-
fcended from Sir David Gam , who was im-
ployedbyKing Henry the Fifth to view the
French Army before the Battel of Agincourt ,
who brought word to the King, That there
■were enough to kill, enough to runaway , and
enough to be taken Trifoners : which fucceed-
cd accordingly. Sir Walter Raleigh , in his
Hifiorv of the World, makes mention of this
Story , and compares him to Mago,Hannibals
Brother. In the faid Expedition , the faid Sir
David took the Duke of Nevers Prifoner ;
for which good Service he had his Arms given
him, and was made a Knight Banneret in the
Field : This Story Dreyden, in his Hiftory of
the Battel of Agincourt , treats of at large.
From Gladdice de Gam , Daughter of Sir
David Gam , arc defcended the prefent Mar-
quis of Worcefier , and the Earl of Pembroke,
with feveral other of the Nobility. The Fa-
mily of the Gams is defcended from Tewdor
the great King of South-wales , where the
faid Family is of that repute, that thofe that
marry into them do frequently affume for their
Chriilian Name their Surname, via. Gam, or
Games.

He beareth Or, three
Stars ilfuant out of as
many Creffants, Cules,
by the Name of Bate-
man, and is born by Mr.
Matthew Bateman of
the City of Zo«aW,one
of the Members of the
Eafl-India Company.

He beareth Or, on a
Fcfs indented , Azure ,
three Stars , Argent , a
Canton of the lecond ,
charged with a Sun in
his Glory, by the Name
of Thompfou, and is the
Coat-Armour of Sir Wil-
liam Thomplon of the
City of London, Knight:
and by John Thompfon of HaverJIiam in Buck-
inghantjbire, Efquire.

Chap IV.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Hebeareth Azure, a
Creffant, Argent, with-
in an Orle of Mullets
pierced, Or, a Bordure
of the laft, by the Name
of Burton, and with a
due difference is born
by Thomas Burton of
the City of London, Efq.

He beareth Ermyn,
on a Chief, Sable, three
Crelfants, Or, by the
Name of Trefton of
Suffolk , as appeareth
in divers ancient Books
remaining in the Office
of Arms. Concerning
the Chief and Furs de-
monftrated in thisCoat-
Armour, I have elfewhere at large fpoken of
them in their proper places.

The other fort of Stars , that do fhine after
a diverfe fort, are thofe that we call Comets or
Blazing Stars , whofe Form is commonly as in
this next Efcocheon is reprefented.

Hebeareth Azure, a
Blazing Star.or Comet,
dreaming in Bend, pro-
per. The Coinet is
not of an Orbicular
fhape, as other the Ce-
leftial Natures are ; but
doth protract his light
in length like to a
Beard , or rather di-
late it in the midft like a hairy bufh, and grow-
ing thence Taper-wife , after the manner of a
Fox-tayl ; and it doth contract his fubftance or
matter from a flimy Exhalation , and hath not
his being from the Creation : neither is it
numbred amongft the things Natural menti-
oned in the Hiftory of Genefis, but is Aliquid
fneter natttram ; and yet placed with the hea-
venly Bodies, becaufe they feem to us to be of
that kind. They are fuppofed to prognofli-
cate dreadful and horrible events of things to
come : Whereupon Litcau faith ,
Jgnota obfcura viderunt Sidera nobles,

Ardent emq; polum fiammk, caloque volantes
Obliquas fer inane faces, erinemque timendi
SiderisfS terruminitantemRegna Comet am.

In [able nights new Stars of uncouth fight,
And fearful flames all ore the Heavens ap-
pear,

With pen Drakes , and Blazing-bearded-

H hich fright the World, and Kingdoms
threat ivith fear.

CHAP. IV.

SO much of the firft Member of the Diftri-
bution before delivered , viz. of Con-
ftant Eifences , which are only thofe
Celeftial Creatures , which being void of
this corrupt mixture that is found in all Crea-
tures Sublunary, have a priviledge by Divine
appointment from the mutability whereto all
things under the Moon are fub;ect. Now come
we to that other Member thereof, namely ,
fuch as are Inconftant Natures , fo far forth as
there is ufe of them in Arms. Inconftant Na-
tures are bodily Ellences offmail continuance
by reafonof their ignoble or bafe fubftance;
fuch are the four Elements, vt z. Fire, Air, Wa-
ter, and Earth.

FireJFmters treafure: Water, Samers pleafure.
But the Earth and Air, none can ever [pare.

Elements are nmple Eifences of fmall ftabi-
lity, and the womb of all mixt things (as Scri-
iomus noteth) and according to fome Authors
called Elementa ab alendo , of nouriihing : but
Saint Hierom aWcth Elementa, quafi Eleva-
menta , for their proportionable mixture in the
compofition of the Bodies Sublunar , whereby
they are made fit for Motion : Of thefe Ele-
ments thefe Examples next following having a
reprefentation.

He beareth Argent ,
feven Firebrands Flam-
mant and Scintillant ,
proper. Some Writers
do affirm that none of
the Mechanical Trades
were found out by men
before they had fire ,
which being at the laft
obtained, and the ufe thereof known , from
thenceforth were produced all manner of Arts
behoveful for mans ufe, and through affiftance
of Fire, they did daily put in pradtife fome
new invention and experimental proof, where-
by they attained their perfection of skill. Yet
if we weigh the manifold mifchiefs that fome-
times come by Fire, we might doubt, whether
the good or the hurt thereby infuing be great-
er. For both F ire and Water are good Ser-
vants, but unruly Matters.

Fire in the Scriptures is often taken for a
fpecial token of Gods favour , and that he is
pleafed with the Sacrilices that are done unto
him ; as when he anfwereth ( as it were by
Fire) like as we read Judges 6. 21. Then the
Angel of the Lord put out the end of hit ftaff
that he held in his hand , and touched the flejlj
and unlevened bread , and there arofe up Fire
out of the /tones, and confumed the flejlj and un-
levened bread, &c. And as when Eliah con-
tended with the Prophets of Baal , touching

the

the manifeftationof the true God : Then the
fire of the Lord fell, and ' con fumed the Burnt- ■
offerings , and. t he wood, and the (tones, and \
the dtfR , and licked up the water that was in
the trench, i Kings 18.38. Andagaffl,^«
Solomon had made an end of fraying , rim
came down from Heaven and conjumed the
Burnt-offerings, and the Sacrifices, and the
glory of 'the lord filed the Honje , z Chron.
7. 1.

He beareth Argent,
a Chevron, Sable , be-
tween three flames of
Fire,proper.This Coat
ilandcth in the Church
of Barkley in the
County of Glocefter ,
in a Window on the
South fide of the fame.
The Chevron being
C as we before have faid) a memorial and to-
ken of Building, it may feem the Heralds
were not welladvifed to put flames of Hre
fo near it: but it is no inforced conjecture , to
fuppofe that this Coat-Armour was firft given
to him who had reftored fome publick Edifice,
which Fire had confumed. This next enfuing
hath alfo a refemblance with it.

He beareth Argent, a
Chevron voided, Azure,
between three flames of
Fire,proper,by the name
of Wells. Many Coat-
Armours feem to allude
to the Bearers Name ,
but furely this is not fo ;
this hot Eliment having
little affinity with that watry Manfion. Fire
betokeneth Zeal, and every Sacrifice was of-
fered with Fire , to flievv with what Zeal we
fliould burn , that come to offer Prayer or
Praife, and thanks to the Lord. The Holy
Ghoft alfo defended upon the Apoftles in fire,
to fliew the fervency of them upon whom it
refted. But as here this painted fire yields lit-
tle heat , fo doth an Hypocrites coloured zeal ;
and many now adays might bear fuch painted
Fire upon an Efcocheon of Pretence for their
Device.

He beareth Argent,
two Billets Raguled and
Truncked , placed Sal-
tire-ways, the Sinifter
furmounted of the Dex-
ter, Azure, inflamed on
their Tops, proper.This
is a Dutch Coat, and is
born by the Name of
Shurflab. Not unfitly is the force of Counfel
fliadowed under the fire of 'Prometheus , be-

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

Sett. 111.

caufe that as Fire, fo Counfel doth give light
to the darkeft obfeurity of things.

He beareth Diamond,
a Bend, Topaz, between
fix Fountains , proper ,
born by the Lord Star-
ton. This Coat , with
a due difference, is born
by John Sturton or
Stourton , of the City
of London , Gent, de-
fended from the Scur-
tons of Sturton in Nottinghamfhire. Theft
fix Fountains are born in fignirication of fix
Springs , whereof the River of Stttre in Wdt-
jhtre hath his beginning , and pafl'eth aiong to
Sturton , the Seat of that Barony. And to
this Head are referred Spaciofa Maria, Vada
Speaofa, Fluvu Lati, hontes Grati : the fpa-
cious Seas , the beauteous Shallows, Rivers
fprcading , Fountains pleafing. The Sea is
the Riches of a Kingdom, and a fair River is
the Riches of a City: and therefore their
Waves aie held good bearing for one that hath
done ftrvice upon either.

Frefh and fweet Waters are reckoned a-
mongft Gods peculiar Bleflings , promiftdto
the obferversof his Laws, andthoftof chief-
eft rank : For the Lord thy God bringeth thee
into a good Land, a Land in the which are
Rivers of Waters , Fountains and Depths
that fpring out of the Valleys and Mountains,
Lev.26.7.

He beareth Or , a
Rock , Sable , by tMe
Name of Securades.- A
Rock fignifieth Safety,
Refuge, or Protection :
as ¥ I aim 31. Th.u art
my Rock and wy For-
ttefs, &c. For he that
refteth under the de-
fence of the Almighty, is like a Caftle of
ftrength , fituated upon an inacce/Iible Rock,
whereto none can approach to do hurt. I
have ftt this as a pattern of the Earth , as be-
ing one principal parcel thereof; and withal
to reprefent the liability of the Earth,
which Cod hath fo fixed that it cannot be
removed.

The Field is Or, a
Mountain , Azure , in-
flamed, proper. This
Coat pertaineth to the
Family of Mackloide ,
Lord of the Hies of Skey
and Lewes in Scotland.
Here you fee are two E-
lements born together,
the earthy and fiery. Jhtna is like this,or elfe
this like Mtna , it being a Hill in Sicity, which

un-

Chap. V.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

unceffantly caftcth forth flames of Fire,where-
to the envious man may be fitly compared,who
ftilldifgorgeth his furiousmalice againfl others,
but it inwardly eatetli out Brimftone like his
own Bowels. One writeth of this Hill J&tntL
That on the one part it keepeth Snow all the
year long , and 00 the other it ever burnetii ,
like thole who can breath hot and cold out p{
one mouth.

The Field is Argent,
fifteen Iilands, diveriiy
coloured This Coat-
Armour pcrtaineth to
the King of Sfain , in
refpect of certain Iilands
of that number within
his Dominions. And
amongft thefe Exam-
ples of earthy bearing,
I have produced the bearing of a Mountain ^a
heavy bearing , but much in life among the
Germans:^ Hillocks and Turfs might 1 add,
which may fooner be conceived by the under-
ftanding, than delineated by my Pencil.
Touching the Element of the Air , I have re-
prefented no lhape ; for to do that, were as
wife an attempt as to weigh the Wind in a
Ballance : yet lome have exprefled the boifter-
ous motions thereof by a mans face , with
fwollen and puft Cheeks, whence ilTueth as
much Wind as out of the Witches Bottles of
Norway, who will fell any Wind that a Mer-
chant will ask for : If they fold Wines out of
Bottles, I fliould fooner believe them, and I
think the Buyers fliould be lefs cozened.

CHAP. V.

HAving fliewed by particular Examples
the bearing of Staple Elfences, or (at
the leaft ) of fuch things as have a
mutual participation of qualities with them ;
I will now proceed to the handling of the next
Member of the Diftribution , which compre-
hended! Effences , or Natures of mixt Kinds.

Such are

Brute, or without life.
Living.

By Brute Natures Iunderftand all Effences
whatsoever of mixt kind that are meerly void
of life. Such are Meteors , which are imper-
fect kinds of mixture, which bv their ft range
Apparitions do move their Beholders to an Ad-
miration , and thefe are called Corpora fubli-
mia , becaufe they are ingendred aloft in the
Airy Region. The matter whereof thefe
Meteors are ingendred, is a certain attracted

j fume drawn up on high by the Operation of
the Sun and Stars.

This fume or fmoak is

. Vapour,
j Exhalation.

Vapour is a moift kind of fume extracted
chiefly out of the Water , and therefore is ea-
fily dillolved again thereinto, and hence are
watry Meteors;

Exhalation is a drier kind of fume , attract-
ed up from the Earth , and apt to be inflamed,
and they are firy Meteors. There are alfo o»
ther Meteors formed of a mixture of both thefe
fumes.

Firy Meteors are forms confiding of hot Ex-
halations attracted into the Airy Region, ha-
ving a hot quality , which at length breaketh
into a fire.

C Simple.
And of thefe are^

t Mixt.

Simple firy Meteors are of divers forts and
different forms , whereof there is little ufe in
Coat-Armour , except of the falling Star ,
which of Blazoncrs is termed a Mullet ; which
is an Exhalation inflamed above in the Air
and ftrickea back with a Cloud , whereby it is
forced to run downwards in fuch fort,' that
to the Ignorant a Star feemeth to fall. There
is oftentimes found upon the Earth a certain
gelly fallen from above, and difperfed into
divers points , which of many is taken to be
the fubflance of the Falling Star or Mullet.
Note that fuch Mullets born in Coat-Armour,
are now mod ufual of five points, but ancient^
ly you lhall find them born of fix points.

And fo I have feen them in divers very old
Rolls , in the Cuftody of that worthy Knight^
Sir Richard Saint George, now Clarencieux
King of Arms , whofe induftrious travel in the
careful Collection of fuch Antiquities , and his
free communicating of the fame to the ftudious
in that way, merits much.

And I find in a very
ancient Roll, now in
V the cuftody of the be-
lore-mentioned wor-
1 thy Knight, Sir R^

chard Saint George,
Clarencieux , in the
Blazon of Gilbert Hut-
farts Coat-Armour,thofe which we nowin He-
raldry blaze by the Name of Mullets, there to
be termed Efleiles,I think it is meant Efloiles •
yet are not their points, which are five, there
waved. But in this variety of Opinions I
leave every man to follow what in his judg-
O ment

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

Sed. HI.

9°

mcnt he lhall approve to be belt and inoft pro-
bable.

He beareth Ermyn,
a Mullet of fix points ,
pierced, Gules, by the
Name EafienhuU.Th.tb
kinds or" Meteors have
an apparence of Stars,
but in exiftence they
are nothing lefs ; for
they are (laith Bckcn-
hab ) certain Impreili-
ons of the Air, appear-
ing for a time , and in time do vanilh away, be-
caufe they be of nature flexible, and nothing
permanent.

He beareth Argent,
two Bars between three
Mullets of fix points, Sa-
ble, pierced, Or, by the
Name of Doughty. This
with a Creflant for a
difference, is the Coat-
Armour of Thilif
Doughty of Eafkex in
the County of Surrey ,
Efq; defcended from an
Engliili-Saxon Family of Dohtig before the
Conquell.

He beareth Argent ,
two Bars , Sable , each
charged with three Mul-
lets of fix points, Or, by
the Name of Hofton.
As are born upon Or-
dinaries, fo iTiall you
find them commixt with
other common Charges;
as alfo oftentimes fort-
ed with Ordinaries interpofed between them :
one Example whereof I will now prefently
fhew you, which for the rarity of the form of
the Ordinary , is worth your Obfervation.

From Mullets of fix points , we will proceed
to thofeof five.

He beareth Azure,fix
Mullets, three, two,and
one, Or, by the Name
^A^ K_ of Weljh. In blazon-
]f\ j/^. m g °f Mullets of this
i form,you (hall not need

l l\y / to make mention of

N. y t ' le ' r P°' nts > b ecau fe

^■<£^\S it is the ufual form of
bearing; but if they do
confiftof more than five points, then muft you
fpecially obferve their Number, as in the for-
mer Efcocheon.

He beareth Ruby, on
a Chief, Pearl,two Mul-
lets, Diamond. I give_
this feleded form of
blazoning to this pre-
fent Coat-Armour , be-
caufe it appertained to
that honoured and right
worthy Knight, Sir Ni-
cholas Bacon, L. Keep-
er of the Great Seal of England in the Reign
of our late Queen Elizabeth, of bleifed me-
mory to whom he was a Privy Councellor ;
andforhisWifdom, Learning, and Integrity
bv her advanced to that nigh place of Lord
Keeper His eldcft Son, Sir Nicholas Bacon,
was the firft Baronet that King James made
by Letters Patents under the Creat Seal ; trom
whom is defcended Sir Edmoud Bacon at Red-
crave in Suffolk, now premier Baronet of
^England: and Sir Francis Bacon, one of his
younger Sons, was Lord Keeper and after-
wards Lord Chancellor ot England in the
Rei<m of the King, who created him, \n An-
no 1 617. Baron of Verulam ; and in the year
following Vifcount St. Albans.

This Coat, with due differences is now born
by divers Gentlemen in Norfolk, Suffolk, and
elfewhere. In Norfolk, by Sir Edmond Ba-
con of G7/Ww«, Baronet ; Bacon
of Efner, Eft; and by Francis Bacon ot Nor-
wich, Eft,. And in Suffolk , by Sir Edmond
Bacon of Bsdglfam afc«fatdj Sir Henry Ba-
con of Lounde in Loviugland, Baronet ; Sir
Nicholas Bacon of Shrubland-batt in Coden-
ham, Knight of the Bath; Thomas Bacon of
Friliou-hall, Efq; 'Philip Bacon oHVolverton,
Efq; and Vhilif Bacon of Iffwich, Efquire.

Though the falling Star it felf is but the Em-
blem of the inconftancy of high Fortunes, and
unfure footing of ambitious Afpirers , which
may fhine for a time , but in a moment fall
headlong from the Heaven of their high hopes;
yet the Mullet in Heraldry hath a more noble
Unification , it being fuppofed to reprelent
fome Divine quality bellowed from above,
whereby men do fhine in Vertue, Learning ,
and works of Piety, like bright Stars on the
Earth ; and thefe are Stella dimiffa e Ulo ,
Stars let down from Heaven by God ; not Stel-
la dejeciie, thrown down, as thofe which the
Tayl of the Dragon threw down, which are
Apoftates from God and their Religion ; nor
ykCadentesfiella, falling Stars , fuch as the
llroke of Juftice and their own Demerits calls
down from the height of their Honours.

Chap. V.

A Difplay of Heraldry,

He beareth Pearl , on
a Chief, Ruby, two
Mullets pierced, Topaz,
by the Name of St. John,
and is the bearing of the
Right Honourable Oli-
ver Earl of Bulling-
broob , Lord Sc. John
of Blctfo. This Coat,
with the Arms oiZJlfler,
is born by Sir Walter Sc. John of Lydyard-
Trc<Tos\n ]¥iltJlHre , and of B.itterfea in Sur-
rey, Baronet.

He beareth Argent,
on a Fefs, Sable , three
Mullets , Or , in the
Dexter Chief an Er-
myn, by the Name of
Gritnfton. This, with
the Arms of ZJIjler, is
the Coat-Armour of
the Honourable Sir
HarbottleGrimflone of
Gorhambury in Hart-
fordjliire, Baronet, Speaker of the Honoura-
ble Houfe of Commons for the firft Parliament
under hisMajefty KiugCharles the Second,and
at prefent Mafler of the Rolls.

He beareth Gules, a
Fefs between fix Mul-
lets, Argent , by the
Name of A/hburnharn,
and is the Paternal
Coat-Armour of Wil-
liam Alhbwrnham of
AJljbnrnham in Snffex,
Efq; Cofferer to their
Majefties King Charles
the Firft and Second.

This Coat, with the Arms ofVlfter, is born
by Sir "Denny AJliburuham of Bromham in the
faid County, Baronet.

He beareth Azure, a
Chevron between three
Mullets, Or,by the Name
of Chet^ynd, and is the
Paternal Coat-Armour
of Walter Chetwynd of
Ingentre in Stafford-
shire, Efquire. And with
a due difference, is born
by William Chet^ynd of
Rtigely in the faid "Coun-
ty, Efq;

He beareth Or , a
Chevron between 3
Mullets pierced, Sable,
by the Name of Da-
vics , and is the Pa-
ternal Coat-Armour of
the Right Honourable
Sir Thomas Daz-ies of
the City of London Kt.
and Lord Mayor there-
of, Anno 1677.

Argent, a Chevron, Sable, between three
Mullets pierced, Gules, is born by John Da-
vies of v ine-hall in Snjjex, Gent.

He beareth Sable, on
a Bend , Argent, three
Mullets pierced, Gules,
by the Name ofGliffon.
This with the differ-
ence of a Creffant with-
in an Annulet is the
bearing of Francis
Gliffon, Dr. in Phvfick,
and one of the Kings
Profeffors of Phvfick in the Univerlity of
Cambridge.

He beareth Ernfi ri;
on a Chevron, Sable, a
Lyon rampant, Or , a
Chief, Gules, charged-
with three Mullets of
the Third, by tfj
Name of Trice, ami is
born by John Trice of
Godmanchcfter in Htiff-
tingionjhire, Elq.

He beareth Gules* on
a Crofs , Argent , five
Mullets pierced, Sable ,
by the Name of Randal
or Randolph of Kent.
Sometimes the round in
themidftof the Mullet
is not of the Colour of
the Field, and then you
muft not take it for
a piercing, but for a Charge of other fignifica-
tion. Gerard Leigh feemeth to prefcribe this
General Rule touching Mullets ; that if the
fame do confift of even points , they muft be
called Row els ; meaning (as I conceive} Row-
els of Spurs. But he might more aptly have
applyed the fame in particular unto Mullets
pierced , in refned: of their nearer refembiance
of fuch Rowels than thofe that are not pierced.
Some are of Opinion , that all Mullets, whe-
ther they confift of five or fix points , pierced,
or unpierccd, are Rowels of Spurs , with this
O l dif-

9 = _

difference, thatthofe which are unpierced are
Rowels not fully finiihed or made up by their
Maker; and their Reafon is , becaule that in
old French or Norman Language, this worci
Mollette fignifietha Rowel ot a Spur; as ap-
peared in an ancient French Manufcript re-
maining in the Office of Arms, where the Au-
thor there treating of the compleat Armour
of a Combatant a dp a fee, according to his
degree, he there fpeakingof the Harnefs or
Armour of the Leg, ufeth theft words con-
cerning Spurs ; -Et ung* efpcroHS d ores

oui leront atachiez. a we cordellette autour de
L i.imbe affin que la Mollette ne tourne def
foix le pie. The French is old, and accord-
ing to the Orthography of thofe times , which
I, °as precifelv as I can , have fhewed you. O-
thers think that the Heralds have borrowed
this word , ufed by them in blazon , from a
kind of filli fo called ; not that which is moft
ufcally known by the name of Mullet , but
another not much unlike in Ihape to that
thing which is ufed in Armory ; and as I am
informed , is often found upon the Sands , at
the ebbing of the Sea : and is in Kent now by
the vulgar people, propter Jirnilitudinem, cal-
led a Taylors Bottom or aFivefinger,and in an-
cient time it was for the like caufe known by
the name of a Mullet.

Azure, on a Crofs ,
Argent, five Mullets ,
Gules, by the Name
of Verney , and is the
Paternal Coat-Armour
of Sir Ralph Verney of
Middle Cleydort in
Buckinghamfliire, Kt.
and Baronet, Son to Sir
Edmond Ve )-«fiKnight
Marfhal to K. Charles
the Firft, and Standard Bearer at the Battel
of Edg-hill. And with a due difference is born
by John Verney , Son of the faid Sir Ralph.

He beareth %ble , a
Chevron Rompee , be-
tween three Mullets,Or,
by the Name of Sauk.
This Chevron in blazon
is called Rompe , or ra-
ther Rompn , from die
French Verb Rcmpre,
derived from the Latin
Rumpo , Rumpere , to
break. Thus have you Examples of the di-
vers bearing of thefe fimple Meteors ; to wit,
the bearing of them fole, ? unpierced, pierced,
fome of five points, and odiers oi fix.

So much of fimple firy Meteors, fo far forth
as there is ufe of them in Coat-Armour : Now
of fuch Meteors as are of mixt kind, according
to the diftribution before delivered in the next
prefident. Thefe are firy Meteors bred of an

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Se&. III.

Exhalation fomewhat more grofs and impure,
than thofe before fpecified, by reaion of a more
thick and fiimy vapour whereof they be in-
srendred.

Meteors of this kind are

^Thunder.
(.Lightning.

Thunder is an inflamed Exhalation , which
by his powerful force breaketh thorow the
Clouds violently , with great noife and terror.
The forcible power thereof is rather appre-
hended by the ear, than fubje&ed to the fight:
nevertheless, the ancient times have deviled a
certain imaginary form whereby they would
exprefs the forcible power thereof, as alfo of
the Lightning.

Thunder is fuppofedto be ingendred two
manner of ways, -viz. when either a hot or dry
vapour is inctafed in a cold and moift Cloud ,
and being unable to contain itfelf therein ,by
reafon of the contrariety , it laboureth by Till
means to find a vent , and fo ftnving by all
means to get pafiage, it maketh way' with
great vehemency and horror of found : fuch
as a glowing Gad of Iron, or any other nry
matter maketh , when water is infufed there-
upon in abundance, cr that it is therein drench-
ed , it maketh a furious and murmuring found.
Such is that weak and feeble fort of Thunder,
that feemeth to be ingendred in fome Region
of the Air far remote from us , yielding only
(for a fmall time) a kind of turbulent noife or
murmuring.

Or elfe it is ingendred in a more violent
manner, to wit, when this inclofed dry and
combuftible matter , being inflamed in the
Clouds of contrary qualities , doth break out
with vehemency, then doth it yield a terrible
and forcible found , not unlike a great piece of
Ordnance when it is overcharged. And this
found, thus ingendred, is called Thunder.

This fort of found is ufed oftentimes Meta-
phorically , as when God threatneth his Judg-
ments againft Sin , he is faid to thunder them
out. In this fenfe doth Tetrarch ufe the fame,
faying, Deus ideo tonat in Call's, uttu in ter-
ras bene vivas , quodqne amore dehteras,fal-
tem metti facias. For unlefs God loved man,
he would never threaten him, but rather pu-
nifh him ; forafmuch as man doth evermore
minifter manv and thofe grievous occafions of
execution of Gods Judgments.

Lightning is a vehement eruption of an in-
flamed Exhalation, proceeding from Thunder;
which though it is in time after the Thunder ,
yet is firft reprefented to our fenfes , by reafon
that our fight is far more fubtil and apprehen-
five than is our hearing. And in regard that
Thunder and Lightning do both proceed from
one felf caufe, they have in fuch tHeir imagi-
nary fiction conjoyned them both under one
form, after this manner.

The

Chap. V.

A Diftlay

of Heraldry.

The Field is Azure,
Jupiters Thunderbolt
in Pale , Or, inflamed
at both ends, proper,
Ihafted Saltire-wife ,
and winged Fefs-ways,
Argent. Cha$oxwts
deicribing the Eniigns
of fundry Nations, no-
teth this for the En-
fign of the Scythians : and in the Glory of Ge-
nerofity , it is faid , that Tismyrk , Queen of
Scythia, did bear the fame in this manner. The
bearing of Lightniugbetokencth the effecting
of fome weighty buiinefs with much celerity
and forceablenefs; becaufe in all Ages this hath
been reputed the moft quick, forcible, and ter-
rible dart , wherewith the Almighty ftriketh
where himfelf pleafeth : which the Heathen
religioufly acknowledged , though he there-
upon infers an irreligious conclufion , faying,

Si quoties peccent homines , fuafulmina mitt at
Jupiter, extguo tempore tnermis erit :

If Godfiould Thunder-ftriie [fill when he fin
doth fee,

His Shafts would foon be [pent, and Arm un-
arm'' d would be.

His Inference had been truer thus :

If God ftiould Tlmnder-ftriie fill when he fin
doth Jee,

"All men would foon be [pent, yet God (fill aruid
fiould be.

Hitherto of Firy Meteors ; now of fuch as
be watry.

Watry Meteors are certain cold and moid
Vapours, copioufly attracted by the powerful
operation of the Heavenly Bodies into the Air,
and there tranfmutated into their feveral
forms. Of thefe there are divers forts, where-
of Clouds are moft ufually born in Coat-Ar-
mour.

A Cloud is a grofs Vapour, attracted into
the middle Region of the Air, and there thick-
ned , byreafon of the coldnefs of the place,
having in it ftore of matter apt to ingender
water. A Cloud ( according to Zauchius )
is a moift thick Vapour, attracted from the
waters by the heat of the Sun, unto the middle
Region of the Air , and there thickned by the
coldnefs thereof, and fo continueth until it be
again diilblved by the Suns heat , and fo con-
verted into rain , and doth diftill down in
drops. Zanch. de Met earn aqtien, 483. The
Clouds are faid to be Gods Chariots, as we may
fee Tfalm 104. He layeth the beams of Ins
chambers 111 the waters, and maheth the
Clouds hi6 Chariot, md walketh upon the wings
of the winds. The Clouds are Gods Inftru-

ments , wherein he containeth and retaineth at
hispleafure, the ihours of Rain, as in Bottles:
as we may fee Job 38.57. Who can number the
Clouds by wifdomt Or who can ceafe the Bot-
tles of Heaven ?

The Clouds are refembled to a Spunge , re-
plenifbed with water, and God with the hand
ot his Providence wringeth the Spunge mode-
rately , not prefling out all the moiiture there-
of at once, but lealurely, and by little and lit-
tle , after a gentle and foaking manner. No
Pencil can make a true representation of
Clouds , becaufe every inftant and moment of
time, doth add unto them fome kind of alte-
ration , whereby it difFereth from that it was
late before : nevertheiefs , former times have
coyned ( of thefe alfo ) a conceited form,as in
thefe next Efcocheons may be feen.

This Coat-Armour is
Barr Nebule , of eight
pieces, Topaz and Dia-
mond ; and pertaineth
to the Honourable Fa-
mily of Charles late
Earl of 7)evo;i, and
Lord MoO&tjoy , Lieu-
tenant Governour of
Ireland, Great Matter
of the Artillery of England, Captain aiTortf*
month, Knight of the moft Noble of the Gar-
ter, and of his Majefties moft Honourable Pri-
vy Council. The bearing of Clouds in Arms
fj faith Upton ) doth import fome Excellency
in their Bearer.

This Coat is alfo born by Sir Henry Blount
of Tit ton hanger in Hartford/hire, Knight-
In the Clouds hath the Rain-bow his tem-
porary Refidence; and therefore next let us caft
our eyes on it.

A Rain-bow is a di-
vers coloured Arch or
Bow, formed in a hol-
low, thin, and unequal
Cloud, by the reflecti-
on of the Beams of the
oppofite Sun. The caufe
of the rare ufe of the
Rain-bow in Coat-Ar-
mour; perhaps may be
for that the Colours thereof' cannot be aptly
counterfeited , as witneffeth An ftotle, Meteor,
lib. 3. faying, Soli colore s Iridis -non poffitnt
fieri d Ticlortbus : whereby it feemeth of all
other the hardeft thing to imitate . The natu-
ral Colours of the Rain-bow ( according to
Scribomus ) are Red, Green, Blew, and Yel-
low. The Field hereof is Argent, ilfuant out
of two petit Clouds in Fefs, Azure, a Rain-
bow, in the Nombril point a Star, proper. The
Rain-bow is a Token of Gods Covenant made
with AW/>, and in him with all people; as ap-
pearcth Genrfis 9. 13. I have jet my Bow in

the

the Clouds , and it frail be for ajfguofthe'
Covenant between me and the Earth , tor. As
touclnn" the Beauty of the Ram-bow,it is laid,
Ecchl. 43. 1 1. Look upon the Rain-bow , and
prdilehim 'that made it: very beautiful ts it
in the Lrightneft thereof; it eompaffeth the
Heaven about with a Circle, and the hand
moll High hath bended it, Ibid. 1 2. And in-
deed , worthily is he to be fo praifed, who
when he could have made a Bow to deftroy lis,
rather chofe to make this Bow to allure us he
would not deftroy us. A noble prehdeiit to
teach Nobles to ufe their ftrength and their
weapons rather to preferve and help , then to
overthrow or hurt thofe who are under their
power. Fame fins faith , that the Rain-bow
appearing in the South, betokeneth Rain ; m
the Weft, it forefheweth Thunder ; and in the
Eaft, prognofticates fair weather.

A Diftltiy of Heraldry.

Sed.HI.

CHAP. VI.

TT "JItherto have we profecuted our intend-
I — I ment, touching things of mixt nature,
-* which are brute or livelefs : Now pro-
ceed we to the confideration of things of mixt
Nature, having life. Mixt Natures that are
living , are Corporeal ElTences , endued with
a Vegetable Soul : for here we ufe this word
Soul, "as alfo the word Life, in his largeft
fignitication. A Vegetable Soul is a faculty or
power that giveth life unto Bodies.

r After a fort,
Whereby they do live < or,

^Perfectly.

Such as do live after a fort , or lefs perfect-
ly, are all forts of Mettals ; which becaufe they
are fuppofed to grow and increafe in the Earth,
we will ( for our prefent ufe ) afcribe life unto
them.

Mettals areBodies imperfectly living,and are
decoded in the Veins of the Earth.

Of thefe (.Liquefiable.
fome are<

naturally C Not Liquefiable.or lefs Liquefiable.

The Liquefiable are Gold, Silver, Copper ,
Tin, Lead, and other of like kind.

C Precious.
The not or hardly Liquefiable are<

C Brittle.

Thofe that are altogether hard , are Stones
of all forts. Stones are bred of a waterifli
moifture , and of an oily kind of Earth firmly
compacted together.

^ Precious.

Of Stones, fome are

CBafe.

Stones precious are of that fort that we call
in Latin Gemma; which are of eftimation either
for that they are rarely to be gotten , or for
fome vertue phanfied to be in them, or for that
they are fuch as wherewith mans Eye is won-
derfully delighted by reafon of their purenefs
and beautiful tranfparent fubftance. Of which
kind are the Diamond, Topaz, Efcarbuncle,E-
merald, Ruby, and fuch like. Of which forts,
twelve of chiefeft note were appointed by-
God himfelf to be ufed in the principal Orna-
ment of the High Prieft , when he appeared
before the Lord , prefenting therein the Names
of the Twelve Tribes of Ijrael, to iliew how
precious in his fight is the People and Nation
which ferveth him , as himfelf prefcribeth.
But of all thefe feveral kinds, the Elcarbuncle is
of moft ufe in Arms, and is born as in thefe
next Efcocheons appeareth.

The Field is Ruby, a
Chief, Pearl, over all an
Elcarbuncle , of eight
Staves or Rays , pom-
mette S3 florette^toyaz.
This Coat-Armour per-
tained anciently to the
Earls of Anjou, from
whom came Geffery
Tlantagenet , Earl of
Anjoii,x\\2t married Maud the Emprefs, daugh-
ter to Henry the Firft, King of England. This
Stone is called in Latin Carbunculm, which fig-
nifieth a little Coal , becaufe it fparkleth like
fire , and cafteth forth , as it were , fiery
Rays. There is another kind of,but fiery Car-
buncle, which Chyrurgions can beft handle ;
one of thofe of the Lapidaries is more to be
defired than ten of the other.

He beareth Argent,
twoBarrs, Azure, over
all anEfcarbuncle of 8
Rays, Gules, fommette
& fiorette, Or. This
Coat is cut in Stone up-
on the Church Porch
door of Maguotsfield
in the County of Glo-
cefter, and is born by
the Name of Blount. As there is in all kinds
of Minerals a Vegetable !ife,even fo, and much
more (faith Zanchhis^) is it judged that
Stones have this life; yea, and that they have
a paiTive capacity of Sicknefs, of Age, and al-
fo of Death. Whether this be fo or not , fure
it is a pretty device, to advance their eftimati-
on with thofe who already too much dote on
them; infomuch, as it was faidof the Roman
Empreffes, that fome of them did ware whole

King-

Chap. VL

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Kingdoms at their Ears , fo now many a one
hang whole Mannors on their fleeves.

So much of precious Stones : now of thofe
which areBafe; fuch we efteem all thofe to
be, which both for their ordinary and bale j
nnployments , and alfo for that they are ea-
iflv to be had of all men , are of fmall em-
ulation ; as are thefe next following, with
their like.

He beareth Vert ,
three Flint Stones, Ar-
gent , by the Name of
pliltt< This Coat is
quartered by the Right
Honourable the Earl of
Cumberland. The
Flint-ftone is an anci-
ent Emblem or Token
ufed by great Perfons.
Johannes Dtgionius , Earl of 'Flanders, gave
for his Device , Tguitahiliim Silicemferiens,
a Steel and a Flint-ftone , which well agreed
with his difpolition. This Earl was taken
Prifoner by Bajazet the Turk , and when he
fhould have been put to the Sword, aPhyfiog-
nomer, much elteemed by the Turk, per-
fwaded him to let him go free , faying , He
forefaw in him , that when he came home, he
would fet a great part of Chriftendom in a
combuftion ; as indeed he did , by reafon of the
murther of Leivis, Brother to the French King
Charles the fixth; which his murther, the
Franciscan Fryers did as impioufly defend , by
the Examples of Zimri kill'd by Thinees, Ho-
lof ernes by Judith, Sifera by Jael, and the
Egyptians by Mofes. As the like Examples
are dill produced by the Trayterous Patricides
of Kings and Princes , fet on work by the
Grand-father of fuch holy Treafons. The faid
Earls Son, Thilippus Bonus, was -Founder of
the Order of the Golden Fleece , which hang-
eth at a Colter made with the forms of the
faid Steels and Flint-ftones ; which Order the
Kings of Spain ftill upholdeth.

Mettal and
Colours.

i. Or,
i. Argent,
5. Gules,
4. Azure,

! y . Sable,

16. Vert,

7. Purpure,

8. Tenn,
\fr Sanguine.

Selected Forms of Blazon
before mentioned,

He beareth , Azure ,
three Mill-llones , Ar-
gent , bv the Name of
Mi/veton. The Mil-
ftone reprefenteth unto
us the mutual converfe
of human Society ; be-
caufe Milftones are never
occupied (ingle , but bv
couplesjand each of them
ftandeth in need of the
others help , for the performance of the work
whereunto they are ordained. Hereupon our
mutual Amities and Ahiftances are termed in,
Latin, Neceffitudines Amicitia , becaufe eve-
ry man ftandeth in need of fome fall and allu-
red Friend, by whofe counfel and advice he
may be fupportcd for the better comparing of
whatsoever affairs of importance he mall un-
dertake. Of all the rare Stones before men-
tioned, in my judgment men have caufe toe-
fleem the Milllone ( though here we have
placed it amongft bafer Stones) the mod pre-
cious Stone of all others ; yet I would be loath
I to wifli my Lady to wear it at her ear.

So much of Mettals or Minerals (for I ule the
word in the largeft fenfe ) that are hard and
not liquefiable ; there are other alfo which we
reckoned to be hardly liquefiable , in refpecr. of
their brittle nature ; fuch are Alom, Salt, Am-
ber, Chalk, &c. but there is no ufe of them in
Arms. Becaufe in this Chapter I have fpoken
of precious Stones , divers of which are of ufe
in Heraldry , for blazoning of the Coat-Ar-
mours of Nobility (as my felfhave often occafi-
on to do in fundry parts of this Work: ) before
I proceed further , I will fet down thofe feve-
ral Stones, as they anfwer to their feveral
Mettals and Colours; together with the Planets
alfo, which I ufe only in the Atchieverncnts of
Kings and great Princes.

Precious

Stones.

Planets.

Topaz,

Sol.

f£

Pearl,

Luna.

Ruby,

?•

Mars.

Saphire,

Jupiter.

Diamond,

Saturn.

Emerald,

Venus.

Amethyft,

Mercury.

Jacynth,

Dragons head.

Sardonyx, .

■

19-

Dragons tayl.

CHAP.

9 6

A Difplay

CHAP. VI I.

SO much touching Examples of fuch Na-
tures as do live after a fort : In the next
place fucceed thofe things, which do live
perfectly or properly ; fuch Natures are thofe
as have in them exprefs and manifeft tokens of
a living Soul.

* f Vegetable.

Of this kind, fome are <

I Senlitive.

Forafmuch as I am now to treat of Vegeta-
ble Animals, and of their particular kinds ; I
mult excufe my felf in two things before I en-
ter into the exemplifying of them : The one,
that there is no caule that any man fhould ex-
pect: at my hands an exprefs demonflration ot
each particular Species of them ; and that I
ihould run through and difplay their manifold
and almoft innumerable kinds, for that would
be a tedious travel, and (betides) an infinite
and unnecelfary charge and colt , and withal
far wide from the project: of my prefixed pur-
pole. The other thing (and the fame more
pertinent to that I do intend) is,That in hand-
ling of Vegetables and Senfitives, I purpofe
only to diltribute their feveral ranks of Di-
ltribution , according to their Order to them
prefcribed by Nature , which to exprefs is my
chiefeft drift , and the principal fcope that I
do aim at.

Of the perfect: fort of Creatures there are
many kinds , whereof fome are of more per-
fection and more worthy than others, accord-
ing to their more excellent kind of life,or wor-
thinefsof foul.

Of thefe the lefs perfect fort of Bodies were
firft created ; and then fuch as were of more
perfection. Plants are more worthy than Met-
tals , and Animals of more reckoning than
Plants : therefore were thefe firft created , and
thofe afterwards.

Of Animals wherewith God did adorn the
Air, the Waters, and the Earth, there are di-
vers kinds, whereof fome were more worthy
than others ; in the Creation of thefe did God
obferve the fame order.

Between the Creation of Plants and Ani-
mals , it pleafed God in his unfearchable wif-
dom , to interpofe the creation of the Stars
wherewith he beautified the Heavens , he did
it to this end , to give us to underftand , That
albeit the Sun with his light and motion, toge-
ther with the Stars , do concur in the generati-
on ol Plants and Animals , neverthelefs their
Generation is not to be attributed Amply to the
influence and power of thefe Celeftial Bodies ;
but only to the Omnipotency of God, inafmuch
as by his powerful Word he commanded the
Earth to produce all forts of Plants and their
Fruits, before the Stars were created.

of Heraldry. Se&.lll.

From the molt fertile and pleafant Garden of
Eden , unto the moft barren and defolate Wil-
dernefs, may we fee and behold the great and
wonderful works'of God, and take occafion
to extol his Omnipotency , Wifdom, and Mer-
cy. As we may obfervelfai.^i.g.lwiU Jet in the
Wildermfs the Cedar, the Shittah tree, and the
Myrhe lree,and the Tine tree; and I null fet in
the Wilderness the Firr tree, the Elm, and the
Box together. Therefore let them fee,and hww,
and let them confider and underftand together,
that the hand of the Lord hath done tbu, and
that the holyOne of Tfrael hath created it,v.%o.
Hence we may gather that there is no object
fo mean that prefenteth it felf to our view ,
but will minifter fome juft occafion to glorifie
God.

Men are accultomed to attribute the propa-
gation of thefe , either to the influence of Na-
ture , or to the travel and induftry of man ;
but thefe were produced before any other of
like kind could be found upon the face of the
Earth, whereof it might be imagined they
might receive being ; for as yet there had ne-
ver fallen any rain to fructifie the Earth,where-
by it might produce green herbs, nor as yet
was Man created , that might manure and till
the Ground for that purpofe : therefore neither
were they produced naturally, or of their own
accord, nor yet by the Art, Skill, or Induftry
of Man, but by the immediate Word and Com-
mandment of God.

The reafon that moved Mofes to give an in-
ftance of Plants and Herbs , how that they
were produced by the vertue and power of
Gods Word only, and not naturally, or by the
skill and induftry of man ; neither yet of Ani-
mals , nor of any other of the infinite number
of things created ( Genef. i . 1 1 . ) was this,
becaufe the Generation of Plants and Herbs
might be much more doubted of, than the o-
riginal of other things.

Of the rirlt fpringing of Trees in the Crea-
tion, Mofes faith, Et germinarefeceral Jeho-
va Elohim e terra omnem arboretn concupifci-
bilcm , id eft, vifu, £•> bonam ad efcam ; which
words do comprehend all the defirable quali-
ties of Fruit trees: for in them we expect that
their fruits Ihould be either delightful to the
Eye, or that they Ihould be fit for food and
wholfom , and that they be alfo fragrant and
fweet fmelling : For the fruits of Trees, the
better they be, the more odoriferous they
are.

That the Trees wherewith Paradife was
planted , had all thefe qualities, it is manifeft
by the words of Mofes , in that he faith , Coti-
cupifcibilem ad vifum, © bonam ad efcam :
whereby we gather that the fight is delighted
with things beautiful and glorious , the fmell
with fweet and pleafant favours, and the pa-
late with things of fweet and pleafant talte.
And none of thefe are in themfelves evil; for
fuch was the conftitution of Adam before he

tranf-

Chap. VII.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

tranfgrelled , that he might have delighted
himfelf in them all without offence; and to
that end did God create them , that he mould
ufe them with thankfgiviqg.

Mofes defcribeth unto us'two principal qua-
lities of the Garden of Taradife, whereby he -
laieth before us the pleafantn efs of the fixati-
on thereof, and alfo the beauty and fertility
of the foil. The firft of thefe qualities was,
that it was replenifhed with all forts of Trees,
not only moft pleafant and delightful to the
eye, but alfo moft pleafant to the tafte ; for
that they produced the beft and fweeteft fruits:
The other quality was , that the whole cir-
cumference of the Garden of Taradife was
furrounded and invironed with a River, beino-
diftributed into four heads, which did highly
beautifie the fame, and made it moft pleafant
to the view.

In this difcriptioii Mofes maketh mention of
two Trees or fpecial qualities, that were plan-
ted in the midft of 'Taradife : The one named
the Tree of Life, the other the Tree oh ^vow-
ledge of good and evil.

Thefirftof thefe had a vivificant power in
it felf, the fruit whereof was ordained to this
end; That being eaten, it Would enable a man
never to leel ficknefs, feeblenefs, old age , or
death , but lliould evermore continue in the
fame ftate of ftrength and agility of body :
This was the efficacy and power that was gi-
ven to this Tree, whereof it was never yet de-
prived : Therefore was this quality after a fort
natural thereunto.

For this caufe was there a Cherub fet at the
entrance of Taradife , to keep out fuch as
would enter the fame, and eat of the fruit of
the Tree of Life ; that he mould not aMays
live that kind of life.

How behooful the knowledge of the ver-
mes and operations of Trees, Plants, Herbs,
and other Vegetables are, for the extolling and
manifefting the Omnipoteilcy, Wifdom, Mer-
cy, loving favour and fatherly providence- df
our moft gracious God towards finful man is ,
in that he hath created for the behoof and "ufe
of man, as well touching this nsceflary food
and raiment , as for recreation ~and ilelighi ,
we may evidently perceive Hy. Solomons iodu-
ftnousinveftigationof theverttrss arid- opera-
tions of all forts of Vegetables : For(befides
other his admirable qualities wherewith he
was richly endued) he had furpaffing know-
ledge in the vertues, operations and qualities
of Herbs and other Vegetables | infomuch that
he was able to reafon, difcourfe and difpute,
not only of Beads, Fowls , creeping tilings
and Fiflies, but of Trees alfo and Plants , from
the Cedar in Lebanon to the HylTop that
fpringeth out of the wall, that is, from the
higheft and tal left Tree to the fmalleft Shrub
and lowed Herb. Thus we fee the knowledge
and skill in natural Philofophy to be holden in
great eftimation in all Ages , infomuch as it

hathbecn reckoned a ftudy well befitting the
dignity of a King, yea, of Solomon, who m as
the wifeft King that ever was, and a Type 0 f
our Saviour Chrift. But to return to the Ve-
getable.

Such are faid to be Vegetable, as have in
them a lively power of growing , budding ,
leafing, bloffoming and fructifying , as Trees,'
Plants, Herbs, Grafs, &c. And of thefe fome
grow on Trunks or folid Bodies , fome upon
flexible Stalks : fome again grow upon a fin-
gle Stem, as commonly all. Trees do; fome up-
on manifold Stems, as Shrubs, Rofes, Sec.

Trees are certain Plants fpringing from a
root with a fingle Trunk or Stem ( for the
moft part) mooting up in height, and delinea-
ted with lims, fprigs or branches. Of thefe
Trees fome are more proper to hot Countries ;
as the Frankinfence Tree to Arabia ; the Bal-
famum, Myrrhe, Mice and Nutmeg Trees, as
alfo the Pepper Trees, and fuch like, which
chiefly grow in India ; the Plane Tree in E-
gypt and Arabia; the Pomegranate in Africa,
ckc. which I purpofely pafs over, and will on-
ly give Examples of other forts to us better
known, whether they be Trees fruitful or bar-
ren. In giving Examples whereof I purpofe
not to obferve any precife order, but to min-
gle them pel mcl one with another , becaufe I
hold fuch curious forting them, better nttinc* a
profeiforof Phyfick, or fome Herbalift, than
an Armorift ; to whom it fufficeth to ihew fu-
perficially, that thefe, and their feveral parts
are born in Coat-Armour, as well fimpfy of
themfelves, as alfo with things of different na-
ture; as in the Examples following may ap-
pear. 1

He beareth Or, on a
Mount in Bafe, an Oak
acorned, proper, by the
name of Wood. Al-
mighty Cod, at what
time by his powerful
word he did enable the
Earth to fruclifie , arid
produce Herbs and
Trees with their varia-
ble fruits, faid , Let the earth bud forth ac-
cording to Im kind, the bud of herb that feed-
ethfeed; the fruitful tree -which beareth fruit
according to his bind, which hath- feed in it
felf upon t he earth ; and it was Jtr>^ Whereby
(faith Zanchiusyxt are admonifhed,that they
mould be preferved and nourifhed in the earth
unto the time of feed for our neceffary ufe •
for that they profit little, until they be come
unto their full ripenefs. The Oak is of the
ftrongeft fort of Trees, and therefore may beft
challenge the firft place.

9 8

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Sea.ni-

He beareth Argent,
on a Mount in a Bafe,
a Pine-apple Tree,
traded , proper, by
the name of Tine.
There is a difference
between the produ-
ction of feed of Trees
and of Herbs, as well
for the propagation,
as for the prefervati-
on of their feveral
kinds ; for the herbs do produce their feed in
their (talks without fruit ; and the trees do pro-
duce theirs in their fruit.

It is holden of fome, that the Pine Tree is
a reprefentation of death; forafmuch as the
fame being once felled, or cut down by the
ground, the root thereof is faid never to fprout
orfpring any more.

He beareth Or, on a
Mount in Bafe , a Pear
Tree fruited, proper,by
the name of Tyrtou. As
God for the necelfary
fuftenance of man , or-
dained manifold varie-
ties of nourifhment : fo
likewife many forts
were created, not only
for mans neceffity, but alfo for his delight, both
to eye and tafte ; as too well appeared by the
firfl woman, whofe rafh affection in this kind
all her Pofterity hath fmce rued. But withal,
God teacheth us by thefe dumb inftruders ,
that man fhould not be fruitlefs, left he become
thereby fuel only fit for burning.

Thofe propofed Examples are of whole
bearing of Trees: Now of their parts, viz.
their Leaves, Fruits, Slips, 8cc. promifcuoufly,
as in Example.

He beareth Gules,
the ftem or trunk of a
Tree eradicated , or
mooted up by the roots,
as alfo Couped in Pale,
fprouting out two bran-
ches, Argent, and is the
Coat of William Bo-
rough, alias Stockden,oi
Borough in Leicefler-
Jhire , Gent. Branches muff needs wither
which have neither thelter from above, nor
nourifhment from beneath : being therein like
that Roman EmbafTage, where the one Em-
baffador had a giddy head, and the other gou-
ty feet ; whereof one faid, That it had neither
head nor foot.

He beareth Azure, a
Cheveron, Ermyn, be-
tween three Oaken
flips acorned, proper ,
by the name of A-
mades. By the words
formerly noted to be
extracted out of Gen.
i . 24. Let the earth bud
forth, &c. we do gather
(faith Zanchiui) a diverfe manner of confer-
ving of the feveral kinds of Herbs > and Trees
by propagation ( through the production of
their Seeds, whereby their particular forts are
preferved; ) the one, that do bring forth their
feed in their ft alks without fruit, and Trees do
produce their feed in their fruit.

He beareth Or, a
Fefs, Gules, between
three Olive branches,
proper, by the name of
Roundel, and is the
Coat-Armour of Wil-
liam Roundel of Hut-
ton-Wanfley in Tork-
fiire, Efquire.

He beareth Argent ,
three Mole-hills,proper, '
by the name ofTyldefly,
and is born by Edward
Tyldefley of Morleys in
Lancashire, Efq.

He beareth Argent ,
three ft arved branches,
flipped , Sable, by the
name of Blacltftock.
This Example is of dif-
ferent nature from all
the former, thofe bear-
ing the figns of their
vegetation and life, but
this being mortified and
unvefted of the virdure which fometimes it
had ; which is the condition of all mortal men,
whole moft flourifliing eftate muft have a
change, their beauty turned to baldnefs and
withered wrinkles, and they leave all their ri-
ches, or their riches leave them : This is the
end of the Tree, and fruits of our worldly e-
ftate ; but the fruits of holinefs will never pe-
rifh, and the righteous man Jhall be as the tree
planted by the waters of life. Other Efco-
cheons of the fame kind enfue.

Hfr

Chap. VII.

A D iff lay of Heraldry.

He beareth Gules, a
Bend of the limb of a
tree,reguled and trunk-
ed , Argent , by the
name ot 'Penruddock.
That which I fpake of
before touching the
Bend Crenelle, fitted
by Art for the fcaling
of a Wall , the fame
feemeth to be here naturally found. At the
firfl: approach of King William the Conqueror,
the green boughs of Trees, born by Souldiers,
ferved for an excellent ftratagem of defence ;
and as helpful an inftrument of offence to the
Enemy may this trunked Tree be, when other
helps are wanting to the befiegers.

He beareth Argent,
three flocks or flumps
of Trees , couped and
eradicated,Sable,by the
name of Retowre. If
the top or boughs be
cut off, yet the Root
ftanding, there is hope
of a new growth : but
when the Root is pluckt
up, there remaineth no hope of reviving. And
therefore that was a fearful warning, Nozv is
the Axe pit to the Root ; which fhould quick-
en us to the bearing of good fruits, left other-
wife we mean to bear that dreadful ftroke,and
the iffue of that terrible commination.

He beareth Azure,
three Laurel leaves flip-
ped,Or. This was the
paternal Coat-Armour
of Sir Richard Leve-
fbn of LilleJhaU in the
County of Salop, who
was made Knight of
the Bath at the Coro-
nation of our Sovereign
Lord King Charles. That the Laurel was in
ancient times thought to be a remedy againft
poifon , lightning, &c. and in war ufed as a
token of peace and quietnefs, you may at your
leafure read in Mailer BoffeweU his Book of
Coats and Crefts.

The field is Topaz,
five Figg-leaves in Sal-
tire , Emerald. This
Coat appertaineth to
the Count Feria of
Spain. The Figg-leaves
are the ancienteft wea-
ring that is, being the
firft clothing of our firfl:
tranfgrelfing Parents.
And Ir emeus faith , that they ufed not thj

Leaves of any other Tree, to (hew the torture
and anguith of Repentance , fignified by the
roughnefs and fbarpnefs wherewith this fort of
Leaf is befet. Our Saviour Chrift liked not to
fee Figg-leaves without fruit , and therefore
curfed the Tree : And accurfed will their con-
dition be, the growth of whofe Faith and Re-
ligion is in fhew, and not in fubftarice of fruit-
ful works.

The Field is Ermyn,
twobarrs, Sable, each
charged with five Elm-
leaves, Or, by the name
of Elmes , and is the
Coat of Thomas Elmes
of Lilford in the Coun-
ty of Northampton ,
Efq; It is fuppofed that
there is great love, and

^ ^ ^ •#

*4» % " / f> 4*' #

J4 # -i- 'ty

a natural fympathy betwixt the Elm Tree and
the Vine , becaufe the Vine never profpereth
better than when it groweth by the Elm ;
whereas the Elm it felt is of all Trees the mod
barren. So fhould thofe who have few good
parts in themfelves, yet at" leart cherifli and
fupportfuch as Nature and Aft have enabled
to produce better fruits of their Induftry.

He beareth Or, three
Woodbine-leaves pen-
dant, Azure. This Coat-
Armour pertaineth to
the Family of Gamboa
in Spain. Sometimes
you fhall have, thefe
Leaves born bend-Ways
as in this next Efcoche-
on. The Woodbine is
a loving and amorous plant, which embraceth
all that it grows near unto ; but without hurt-
ing of that which it loveth : and is therein
contrary to the Ivy, (which is a type of luft
rather than of love) for it hurteth that which
it moft embraceth. Sometimes you fliall find
Leaves of fundry forts of Trees born ordinary
ways, as in Example.

He beareth Argent,
threeBay-1 eaves proper,
by the Name of Foulis.
This with the Arms of
Vlfier is the Coat of Sir
'David Foulis of higleby
Mannor in Cleaveland,
in the North-Ridirig of
Torkjhire, Baronet.

loo

A Difjlay

of Heraldry.

He beareth Argent,
three Woodbine-leaves
Bendways, proper, two
and one, by the Name
of ThemcThek Leaves
are all one with thofe
in the laft precedent
Efcocheon in ihape, but
different from them in
the manner of their po-
rtion , in that thofe are born with their points
downwards, and thefe naturally or upwards.
Otherwhiles they are born in form of other
Ordinaries , as by Example lhall hereafter be
made plain. Moreover, you lhall find them
fometimes born withOrdinaries betwixt them,
as in this next Efcocheon.

He beareth Argent,
a Cheveron, Vert, be-
tween three Oaken
leaves, proper, by the
Name of Tomlins, and
is the Coat- Armour of
Thomas Tomlins of St-
Leonards Bromley in
Middlesex, Efq.

He beareth Or, a
Cheveron , Gules , be-
tween three Nettle-
leaves, proper, by the
Name of Malherbe.The
Nettle is of fo tetchy
and froward a nature ,
that no man may med-
dle with it , as many
telty-natured men are.
One writes, that a little Girle being flung by
a Nettle in her Father's Garden, complained
to him that there was fuch a curft Herb in his
Garden, as that it was worfe than a Dog, for
it would bite them of their own houfe. Her
Father anfwered her, That it was the nature
of it to be unpartial , and friend or foe were
all alike to it. Yet this property it hath, that
the harder you prefs it the Ms it will fting.

He beareth Argent,
three Holly-leaves pen-
dant , proper, by the
Name of luwine. Note
that when Leaves are
born after this manner,
viz. pendant, you muft
tell in what fafhion
they are born : but if
their points only be up-
wards, then it fufficeth to fay Leaves ; becaufe
it is their molt mural and proper way when
they are in full vigor.

Now I will fliew you an Example, where
three Leaves are born Bar-ways.

He beareth Argent,
three Holly-leaves Bar-
ways, two and one,their
(talks towards the Dex-
ter part of the Efcoche-
on, proper, by the name
of Arnefi. Thefe feem
to have been, ( as ftill
they are) much ufed in
adorning the Temples
and Sacred places , efpecially at the mod fo-
lemn time of our Saviout's Nativity , and
thence to have taken that holy name. There
is a kind of Holly, that is void of thefe prickles,
and of gentler nature, and therefore called
Free-holly, which in my opinion is the beft
Holly : and fo it was in his, who faith , That
Charity (the daughter of true holiaefs) is gen-
tie and hurt et knot, but rather Jujfereth all
things: farr unlike to thofe Hedg-hogg holy-
ones, whofe {harp cenfures, and bitter words,
pierce thorow all thofe who converfe with
them.

He beareth Sable ,
5 Walnut-leaves , Or,
between two Bendlets,
Argent, by the Name
of Waller, and is the
Coat-Armour of Sir
William Waller of
Winchefter in Hant-
Jhire, Kt. lineally de-
fended from Richard
Waller of Groombridge in Kent, Efq; who at
the Battel at Agencourt , in the Reign of King
Henry the Fifth, took prifoner John Duke of
Orleans, and brought him to Groombridge ,
where he remained a prifoner four and twen-
ty years; during which Confinement he bu jit
a Chappel near the faid Houfe, on which his
Arms doth yet remain : And in rriemory of
that Action it hath been ever fince allowed to
the Family, as an Augmentation of Honour,
to bear hanging on their Ancient Crefl , viz.
a Walnut Tree, proper, the Arms of the faid
Duke. And as a further Honour to the Fami-
ly , the Sword which the Duke ufed in the
faid Battel , is now in the poffellion of the
faid Sir William , who married the Daugh-
ter of Sir Edward Stradling of St. T)onets ia
GlamorganJJjire Baronet, deceafed.

The

Chap. VII.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

jo i

The Field is Argent,
a Pomegranat in Pale,
flipped, proper. Thefe
Arms do pertain to the
City and Countrey of
Granata, within the
Dominions of the King
of Spain, fituated by
the Mediterranean Sea.
This fruit is holden to
be of profitable rife in Phyflck, for the qua-
lifying and allaying of the fcorching heat of
burning Agues, for which end the juice
thereof is reckoned to have a very fovereien
vertue.

He beareth Azure,
three Pears, Or, by the
name of Stukeley.This
fruit, as other, was or-
dained for the comfort
of man : But as the
Devil made ufe of the
Apple to the deftrudi-
on of man; fo did the
Devil's Imps ufe the
Pear to a wicked end, when the Monks of
Swmfted, inviting King John to a Banquet
poifoned him in a difli of Pears, though others
write it was in a Cup of Ale.

Concerning the fruits of Trees, God in the
beginning gave unto man a free fcope to ufe
them without reftraint, only the fruit of the
Tree of Knowledge of good and evil excepted,
whereof he was prohibited the eating upon
pain to die the "Death whenfoever he mould
tafte thereof. In this prohibition God would
that we mould not fo much refpect the fruit of
the Tree, as the Soveraign Authority of him
that forbade the eating thereof; yea this
chiefly and principally firft; and fecondly the
iruit, becaufe of the interdiction.

The end for which God did prohibit Adam
the eating of the fruit of the Tree of Know-
ledge of good and evil was, that notwithstand-
ing God had given him a Sovereign Turifdicti-
on on earth, yet was he not fo abfolute a Go-
vernor and Commander, but that he had a
Lord Paramount, to whofe hefts he was Am-
ply and withal reverence to obey; and that he
Ihould know that Cod, his Creator, was a-
bovehim whofe will ihould be unto him the
Rule ot all Jufticc , and whereunto he fhould
conform all his actions, counfels, and cogita-
tions; that he ihould evermore have an awful
eye unto him, and always hope in him, gbri-
fie, tear, reverence, and love him. The end
I fay was this, That Adam mould know both
God and lumfelf : God as his true Creator,
himfelf to be his Creature ; God to be his Lord
hirafdf his Servant j God a molt bountiful and
magmficentg.ver of all good blefTings, himfelf
God s Fofter-child , and filch a one as muft ac-

knowledge,that whatfoever he poifeileth, pro-
ceeded from Gods tree bounty and mercv '
and therefore mould render unto him continu-
al praife and thanks for the fame , from the
ground and bottom of his heart.

He beareth Gules, a
Cheveron, Ermyn, be-
tween three Pine Ap-
ples erected , Or , by
the Name of 'fW.The
Pine Tree was in much
requeftin ancienttimes,
for adorning of Walks
about Manfion-Houfes ;
according to that of die
Poet,

Fraxinm m Sylvia pulcherrima,T inus in Hoi-
Topilus in Fluviu, Abiestn Monti bus alt is }

The Aflo in Woods makes faireft Jhcw ,

The Tine in Orchards nigh ,
By Rivers beft is Toflars hew,

The Firr on Mountains high.

He beareth Or,three
Mulberies, their (talks
trunked, proper. The
Mulbery TreeisanHie-
roglyphickof Wifdom.
whofe property is to
fpeak and to do all
things in opportune
feafon : And it is repu-
ted ( as I may fay) the
wifeft of all Trees, in regard it never fprout-
eth nor buddeth, until fuch time as all extre-
mity of cold Winter-feafon be clearly paft and
gone. This Fruit hath a Purple-bluftW co-
lour ; in the one refembling the Judges attire
who attempted Sufanna; in the other that hue
of their face, which ihould have been in them
if they had been fogracfous to blulh at their
fault, as they were hafty to commit it A
greater fin in them than in others , becaufe
they were to punilh others for the like often
ces : But it is no rare thing to fee the great ex-
tenders hang the little.

He beareth Or, on a
a Bend, Sable.three Clu-
tters of Grapes, Argent.
This Coat appertained
to Sir Edmund de Ma-
roley of the County of
Tori, Kt. who lived in
the time of Edward the
Firft. How profitable
the moderate ufe of the
nuce of the Grape may be to man, is as mani-
teft, as the inconvenience that doth attend the
too much bibing of the fame is odious.

1 02

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

He beareth Azure, a
Barr,Argent, three Aj>
pies erefted inBafe,Or,
by the name of Harle-
win. An Apple is cal-
led in Latin Tomum ,
which is a general
word for all forts of
eatable fruits ; info-
much as Tim. lib- ij-
cab 2x comprehendeth Nuts alfo under this
..me albeit the fame is moft commonly taken
fo r this fo t of fruit. If we defire to have
5S£ Tto continue longer upon the Trees than
their accuftomedfeafon o ripening, tfemay
effeftthe fame by wreathing of the bough
and platting them together one in another , as

Varied noteth, rf^l*" TJZLZ
Mr ei arbore pendebunt Toma, finmujat-
%s contorqueri fr$rMm ■ whereof he yield-
eth this reafon,That by means of fuch wreath-
ing and platting the humour is more flowly
conceded or digefted, fo that they cannot ri-
pen with that maturity, as thofe which are not
hindred of their natural paffage and action.
Hereby we may learn, that Art worketh forci-
bly in things meerly vegetable ; how much
more effectual and powerful is Education
(which is reckoned a fecond nature) in form-
ing and reforming the conditions and inclina-
tions of men?

CHAP. VIII.

Hitherto of Plants growing upon a Am-
ple Body or Stem, with their common
parts. Now of fuch as grow upon a
manifold ftalk or tender fprigs, as Flowers,
Herbs, and fuch like, as in Example.

He beareth Ermyn,a
Rofe,Gules, barbed and
feeded, proper, by the
Name of Beverley. A-
mongft Flowers in an-
cient time the Rofe
was holden in chief-
eft eftimation , as ap-
peareth in Scholiis E-
pijl. St. Hieron. de vit.
Hilar, where it is faid, Rafis apud Trifios
prima gloria fuit interferes. The Pourtrai-
ture or Refemblance of a Rofe, may fignifie
unto us fome kind of good environed or befet
on all fides with evils, asthatiswith prickles:
which may give us notice, how our pleafures

Thts are befet with bitternefs and
ftarpnel Here I do blazon this Rofe CWb, ,
becaufe the word proper Atteth not this flow-
er For if I fliould blazon it a Rofe proper,
it could not be underftood of what colour t|e
fame were; forafmuchas White and Cr mfon
are as proper to Rofes as Red : Therefore
for the more certainty I have blazoned it
Gules.

He beareth Argent,
on a Canton, Gules, a
Rofe, Or, barbed, pro-
per , by the Name of
Bradfton of Winter-
borne in the County of
Glocefter, This beau-
tiful and fragrant flow-
er doth lively repre-
fent unto us the mo-
mentary and fickle ftate of mans life ; the frail-
ty and inconftancy whereof is fuch as that we
are no fooner born into the World, but pre-
fently we begin to leave it : and as the dele-
gable beauty and redolent fmell of this plea-
fant flower doth fuddenly fade and penfh; e-
venfo mans life, his beauty, hisftrength, and
worldly eftate, are fo weak, fo mutable, and
fo momentary, as that oftentimes in the fame
day wherein he flourifiieth in his chiefeft jolli-
ty his beauty confumeth, his body decaieth,
and his vital breath departeth; and thus he
leaveth his life as if he had never been. Of
this fudden fading of the Rofe, a certain Poet
writeth in this manner ;

Mirabar eeleremfugitiva Mate rapinam,
EtJum na[cuntur,confenuiffe Rojas

Quim longa una dies,atas tarn longa Rojarum,
Quas pubefcentes junBa feneclapremit.

As fades the blujhing Rofejofpeeds

Ourfiowry youth away :
Jt grows, it blows, it fpeeds, itjheds

Her beauty in one day.

He beareth Sable, $
Rofes, Argent, by the
Name of Maurice, and
is the Coat-Armour of
David Maurice Pre-
bend of Myvod , and
Vicar of Llanhaffaph in
Flint/hire.

Gules

Chap. VIII.

A Difpldy of Heraldry.

103

Gules, .three Rofes
Argent, on a Chief
of the fecond, as ma-
ny Rofes of the firft,
by the Name of Gr-
far (alias Adelmare).
It is born by Sir
Charles Cafar of Be-
nington-place mHart-
fordjhire, Kt.by John
Cajar of Barkway in
the faid County, Efq;
and by Charles Cafar of Great Granflen in
Huntingtonfhire , and of Much-hadham in
Hartfordjlrire, Efq; fecond Son of Sir Charles
Cafar Kt. deceafed , who was Matter of the
Rolls ; which Sir Charles was Son and Heir
of Sir Julius Cafar Kt. alfo Matter of the
Rolls, judge of the High Court of Admiral-
ty, Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Privy
Counfellor to King James, and to King Charles
the Firft; defcended of the Learned and No-
ble Family of the Dalmarii , of the City of
Tarvifo or Trevifo in Italy. The faid Charles
married Joan, fecond Daughter of Sir Thomas
Leventhorp of Shingle-hall and Blakefware
in Hartfordflrire, Baronet , by whom he hath
IlTue Charles, Henry, and Dorothy.

He beareth Gules, a
Crofs Lozenge be-
tween four Rofes, Ar-

fent, by the Name of
'acker, and is the
Coat-Armour of Thi-
lip ^Packer of Groom-
bridge in Kent, Efq.

Argent, on a Bend,
Sable , three Rofes
of the Field, by the
Name of Cary , and
is the Paternal Coat-
Armour of John Ca-
ry of Wilco't in Ox-
ford/lure, Efq.

He beareth parted per
Fefs in Chief, Gules, a
Cheveron between 5
Cinquefoiles , Or, and
in Bafe, Argent,a Rofe,
Gules, with the ftalk,
leaves and beards, pro-
per. This is a Dutch
Coat, and is thus born
by John Vanheck of the
City of London, Mer-
chant.

Of fuch Plants that grow upon a manifold
body or ftalk, there are fome other forts that
do bear fruits, as in part may by this next Ex-
ample appear.

He beareth Argerit,a
Cheveron , Gules , be-
tween three Hurts , by
the Name of Basker-
vile, in the County of
Hereford , and is born
by Thomas Baskervile
of Eardifley, Humphrey
Baskervile o{ c Pontari-
las , and by William
Baskervile of Comadock, all of Hartfordfiire,
Efquires. Thefe (faith Leigli) appear light-
blue, and come of fome violent ftroke. But
if I miftake not, he is farr wide from the mat-
ter, in that he likeneth thefe Rundles unto
Vibices or Hurts in a mans Body, proceeding of
a ftripe ; whereas they are indeed a kind of
Fruit or fmall round Berry, of colour betwixt
black and blue, growing upon a manifold ftalk
about a foot high, and are found moft com-
monly in Forefts and Woodland Grounds : in
fome places they are called Wind-berries, and
in others Hurts , or Hurtle-berries. They
have their time when Strawberries are in fea-
fon. The near refemblance of their names
caufed Leigh to miftake the one for the o-
ther.

CHAP. IX.

TH U S much of Vegetables , growing
eitheronafingle or manifold Stem or
Body. Now of fuch as grow upon a
bending Stalk, fuch are Herbs of all forts. And
of thefe fome are Nutritive, others lefs Nutri-
tive : The firft fort are in ordinary ufe of Diet;
fuch are both thofe which produce Grain, and
thofe which ferve for feafoning of the Pot, Sa-
lads,and the like. Such as do produce Grain are
thefe, and their like , Wheat , Rie , Beans ,
Peafe, Barley, Spelt, Oats, &c. of thefe fuch
are moft ufual in Coat-Armour, as are accu-
ftomed to be bound up in Sheaves, as Wheat,
Rie, Cumin, 8cc. as in part by thefe next Ex-
amples may appear.

He beareth Azure,
iffuant out of a Mount,
in Bafe, three Wheat-
ftalks, bladed and ear-
ed, all proper. This is
a Venetian Coat-Ar-
mour, and pertaineth to
the Family of Garzoni.
And here we fee a
a Mount born, which
we

104

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Seft. III.

webeforementioned, as a bearing of the na-
ture of one of the four Elements. As before
we honoured the Milflone with the name of
the chief of precious Stones, fo may we juftly
give precedence to this Plant above all other
in the World , no one kind of food being fo
neceffary for prefervation of mans life as this;
which therefore the Scripture calls the ft, iff of
bread, becaufe it upholds the very being of
mankind. For which caufe, as the Heathens
accounted Ceres, and others, as gods, for in-
venting means to increafe Corn; fo are thofe
to be held enemies to mankind, whofoever
through covctoufnefs overthrow Tillage, as by
Incloiurcs, and depopulations of Villages, &c.
And how ineftimable a blefling Corn is, may
by this be conceived, that no Country is laid
to have a Famine fo long as it hath Corn ,
though all other things be fcarce : But if all o-
ther things abound, and Corn be wanting, that
one wantTbringeth both the name and the hea-
vy punifhment of a Famine.

Among the manifold bleffings promifed by-
God to the obfervcrs of his Laws, plenty of
Corn is reckoned one of the chiefeft, Lev. z6.
3. If ye walk in my ftatutes , and keep my
commandements , and do them ; then will I
give you rain in due feafbu, and the Land
^pall yield her increafe, and the Trees of the
field jljall yield their fruit, and your threjlj-
iug float I reach unto the Vintage , and the Vin-
tage jhall reach unto the (owing time ; andyou
pall eat your bread to the full, and dwell in
your laudfafely. And again, T)e tit. 8. 7. For
the Lord thy God brlngeth thee into a good
Land ; a Land of Brooks of Water, of foun-
tains and Depths that wring out of Valleys
and Bills ; a Land of Wheat and Barley, and
Vines and Ftgg-trees , and c Pomegranats • a
Land of Oyl-olive and Honey ■ a Land where-
in thou Jljall eat bread without fcarcenefS, thou
flialt not lack any thing in it ; a Land whofe
Stones are Iron, and out of whofe Hills thou
mayeft digg Brafs.

He beareth Azure,
three Ears of Guiuy
Wheat, couped and bla-
ded, Or, by the Name
of Grandgorge. This
is a kind of Grain not
much inferiour to our
Wheat for ufe ; but for
multiplication, beauty,
and largenefs, much be-
yond it : And of this moft undoubtedly true
is the faying of our Saviour, that one Grain
bringeth forth///)', yea an hundred fold ■ and
fuch ftould be the increafes of God's graces in
us, which are not put into us there to dii; ut-
terly, but to increafe to our own good,and the
givers glory. Saint Taul makes an excellent
Argument here to fatisfie a very natural man ,
touching theRefurreftion of the dead, which

is no more unpoflible, than for dead Corn to
fprout out of the Earth much more flourilh-
ing, yea and more abundant than it was caft
in.

He beareth Gules,on
a Bend , Argent, three
Rie ftalks, Sable,bythe
Name of Rye, or Reye.
Were it that thefe ftalks
had been born in their
proper kind, it would
have beautified the
Coat greatly, and made
the fame much more
commendable for bearing , by how much
fweet and kindly ripened Corn is more valua-
ble and to be defired, than that which is blar
fled and mildew'd; that being a fpecial blefling
of God, and this the exprefs and manifeft to-
ken of God's heavy wrath inflicted upon
us for our fins ; as appeareth in the Prophet A-
mos 4. 9. I have fmittenyou with blaftingand
mildew, (Sc. and likewife in Haggai the fe-
cond the fame words are ufed.

The Field is Ermyn,
two Flaunches, Azure,
each charged with j
Ears of Wheat, couped,
Or, by the Name of
Greby of Northampton-
Jljire. It maketh not
a little to the commen-
dation of this Grain,
that it is taken in the
Scripture for the faithful ; where it is faid,
Which hath his Jam in his ban/T, and will
make clean his floor , and gather his Wheat
into his Garner, &c-

Thefe forts of Grain are moft ufually born
in Coat-Armour bound up in fheaves,and band-
ed of the fame Metal or Colour ; yet fliall you
find their Band fometimes of a diverfe Metal or
Colour from them.

The Field is Azure, a
Garbe, Or. This Coat-
Armour pertaineth to
the ancient Family of
Gravenor of Chejhire,
whofe name was anci-
ently written Grofve-
nour , or Grofvenor, as
it is at this day. They
bear this Garbe from
their Anceflors, who were of Confanguinity
to the ancient Earls of Chejfer, as it is proved
in the Record of that famous Suit betwixt Sir
Richard Scroope Plaintiff, and Sir Robert
Grofvenour Defendant, for their Arms, in An-
no 12. Regis Richardi Secundi. For with
William the Conqueror came Hugh Lttpus his
Nephew, and with the faid Hugh Lupus eame

Chap. IX.

A Difplay of Heraldry.'

one Gilbert le Grofvenour , Nephew, to the
faid Hugh , who was Anceftor to the faid Sir
Robert Grofvenour; from whom is lineally
defcendcd Sir Richard Grofvenour of Eaton
in the County Palatine of Chefter, Knight and
Baronet,Heir-male of that Family ; and is now
born by Sir Thomas Grofvenor of Eaton in the
faid County,. Baronet. This Coat, without
the Anns of Vlfier, is born by Walter Grof-
venor of Bifljbury in Staffordshire , Efquire
A like unto this is born by Holmefied, faving
that the band of that Garb is Vert. There is
a kind of wretched Cormorants, whole Garbs
are fo fall bound, that the poor curfeth their
mercilefs hearts. And fuch an one was Hatto
Abbot of Fulda, who fuffered Rats rather to
eat up his Corn, then he would help the wants
of the poor; but hispunilhment was anfwer-
able thereunto ; tor the Rats devoured him
though he guarded himfelf in a Caftle purpoVe-
ly built in the midft of the River Rhene
which is there this day to be feen.

He beareth Gules, 5
Garbs, Or, by the name
of Trefion. This Coat
was born by Robert Co-
myn a Scot , who at the
time of the Conqueft
was Earl of Cumberland,
and held all that Coun-
trey beyond all the Ri-
ver Tyne; but after
William Rnfns's time he was taken prifoner,
withRoger Movibrey Earl of 'Northumberland,
and was by King Henry the Firfl: disinherited.
Here you may obferve that I mention not the
bands of Garbs , becaufe they differ not in
Metal or Colour from the Garbs. Sometimes
you Hull find thefe Garbs born with an Ordi-
dinary interpofed between them , as in this
next Example.

The Field is Pearl, a
Cheveron between 3
Garbs, Ruby. This
Coat-Armour pertain-
eth to the Right Ho-
nourable Edmund Earl
of Mulgrave , Baron
Sheffield of Butter-
Wfek~, and Knight of
the mofl Noble Order
of tlie Garter. AnEfcocheon like unto this
(but ot different Colour and Metal, viz. the
Field, Saphire, a Cheveron between- 1 Garbs
Topaz) was born by Sir Chnftopher Uatton
late Lord Chancellor of England , Counfellor
to that Peerlefs Queen Elizabeth,d\mmanA
memory:ACoat well befitting his magnificence
and bounteous Hofpitality, wherein he hath
fcarce had aay Rival ever fince.

Azure, a Cheveron, between three Garbs ,

105

I Or, is the Coat-Armour of the Hattons, the
chief Ornament now exifting in the perfoh of
the Right Honourable Chriftofher Lord Hat-
ton of Kir by , Governour of his Ma jellies
Illand of Garnfey.

He beareth Azure,
feven Wheat-lheaves,
four , two , and one ,
Or , by the Name of
Dolman, and is the
paternal Coat-Armour
of Sir Thomas Dolman
of Shaw in Berkjljire,
Kt. and one of the
Clerks attending his
Majefties mod Honou-
rable Privy Councel.

He beareth Sable, a
Cheveron engrailed be-
tween three Garbs or
Wheat-lheaves, Argent,
by the Name of Field,
and is born by Thomas
Field of Stanfjead-Bury
in the County of Eert~
ford, Efq.

The Field is Or, on a
Fefs, Azure,three Garbs
of the firft,by the Name
of Vernon. This is an
ancient Family of Che-
Jhire , and defcended of
the worthy Stem of
Vernons that were Ba-
rons of Shifbrook, and
do bear thefe Garbs for
a difference from the elder Houfe that did bear
Or, only a Fefs, Azure. And the reafon of
the bearing of their Garbs was, for that they
would make known that they were defcended
from the faid Barons of Shifbrook, who anci-
ently held of the Earls of Chefter.

He beareth Azure, 3
Fefs between j Garbs,
Or , by the Name of
Lewhite of Bromham
m Wiltfhire. The Garb
fignifieth in Heraldry-
plenty or abundance;
and that the firft Bearer
did deferve well for his
Hofpitality.

io6

A Biff lay of Heraldry.

Sea.lli-

He beareth Azure, a
Fefs Dauncette , be-
tween fix Garbs , Or ,
by the Name of Rayu-
court. Leigh calleth
it a Sheaf e f ' Wheat
but though it were of
Rie, Barley , or Cu-
min, or whatfoever it
were (faith lie) it is
fufficienttocallitaCarb (which is a french I
or rather Teutonick word fignifying a SuaQ ;
telling the Colour or Metal w hereof it is_ As 1
to their fole and diverfe bearing upon ,anc f
Ordinaries between them, thefe few Exa _
pies may fuffice for the prefent. Others ftriAf
follow in ther places.

He beareth Ermyn,
on a Bend , Azure, a
Mullet pierced, Or,be-
tween two Garbs, pro-
per, by the Name of
Motyprdi, and is the
paternal Coat-Armour
of Thomas Modyford
of Eajhtay in the
County of Kent, Efq;
Colonel of a Regiment
of Foot at Tort-Royal in the Mand of Jamai-
ca, Son and Heir of Sir Thomas Modyford Ba-
ronet, late Governor of the faid Ifland.

He beareth Argent,
three Bean-Cods Ban-
ways , two and one ,
proper,, by the Name
of Hardbcaue. The
Bean in ancient times
amongft the Grecians ,
was of great Authority;
lur by it they made all
the Magiftrates of their
Commonweals, which were chofen by carting
in of Beans, inflcad of giving of Voices or Suf-
frages. %MTytbagoras taught his Scholars
to hate die Bean above all other Vegetables ,
meaning perchance, that they iliould fliun the
bearing of any Office ; though others give^ o-
ther reafons of that his Doftrine. Some write,
that the (lowers of the Beans, though very
pleafing to the fmell , yet are very hurtful to
weak brains ; and that therefore in the time of
their flowring there are more foolifli than at
other times; meaning belike thofe, who then
diftill thefe flowers to make themfelves fair
therewith.

To this Head muft be referred all other forts
of Nutritive Herbs born in Coat-Armour, whe-
ther they produce Grain in Ear, Cod or Husk;
or that they be Herts for the Pot , or Salads ;
asBetony, Spinage, Coleworts, Lettice, Pur-
fiain, Leeks, Scallions, e>.c. All which I leave

to obfervation, becaufe I labour by all means
to pafs fhorow this vaft Sea of the infinite va-
rieties of Nature, with what convenient bre-
vity! may, becaufe Quod brevity eft, Jenifer
deleBabiltus habetur ; in fuch things asthefei
The fcorter the fweeter.

CHAP. X.

'fl^T ; X T * after Herbs Nutritive, let us
ie of Herbs lefs Nutritive ,
*- ^1 which are either Coronary or Phyfi-
<.<A. Coronary herbs are fuch, as in refpeit of
their odoriferous fmell , have been of long
I time, and yet are ufed for decking and trim-
ing of the body, or adorning of houfes, or o-
ther pleafurable ufe for eye or fcent ; as alfo in
refpedt of their beautiful fhape and colour,were
moft commonly bellowed in making of
Crowns and Garlands ; of which ufes they re-
ceived their name of Coronary. Amongft
which we may reckon the Rofe before ex-
prelfed, to be one of the chiefeft, as alfb Vio-
lets of all forts , Clove-Gilliflowers , Sweet
Majoram , Rofemary, White Daffodil, Spike-
nard, Rofe Campion, Daifies, &c. But of all
other, the Flower de lis is of moft efteem,ha-
vingbeen from the firft bearing, the Charge
of a Regal Efcocheon, originally born by the
French Kings,though tracSt of time hath made
the bearing of them more vulgar ; even as pur-
ple was in ancient times a wearing only for
Princes , which now hath loft that prerogative
through cuftome. Out of thefe feveral kinds
I have fele&ed fome few Examples, as in the
Efcocheons following appear.

He beareth Saphir, a
Flower de lis , Pearl.
This is the paternal
Coat-Armour of the
R' Honourable George
Earl of Br idol, Lord
Tligby of Sherborne ,and
Knight of the moft No-
ble Order of the Gar-
ter.

Or, a -Flower de lis,
Azure , is born by the
Name of Tortman,
and with the Arms of
Zjlfter , is the Coat-
Armour of Sir Willi-
am Tortman of Or-
chard in Somerfet-
flure, Knight of the
Bath, and Baronet.

Chap. X.

A Dijblay of Heraldry.

Hebeareth Gules, a
Fefs wavy between j
Flowers de lis, Or, by
the Name of Hicks ,
and with the Arms of
ZJlfter , is the bearing
of Sir William Hicks of
Rickols in the Pariili of
Low-Layton in Ejjex,
Knight and Baronet.

He beareth Or , a
Cheveron between 3
Flowers de lis , Sable.
This Coat- Armour per-
tained to the very wor-
fhipful Sir Thomas Fan-
Jhaw Knight of the
Bath, his Ma jellies Re-
membrancer of his
Highnefs's Court of Ex-
chequer ; and was alfo
born by the Right Honourable Thomas Lord
Vifcount Fanjhaw of the Kingdom of Ireland,
his Majeflies Remembrancer of the Court of
Exchequer. This Flower is in Latin called 7-
ris, for that it fomewhat rcfembleth the Co-
lour of the Rainbow. Some of the French
confound this with the Lily ; as he did , who
doubting the validity of the Salique Law to de-
bar the Females from the Crown of France,
would make it fure out of a ftronger Law, be-
caufe (forfooth) Lilia non laborant , neqfte
nent ; the Lilies neither labour nor [pin :
which reafon excludes as well a laborious Her-
cules, as a fpinning Omphale.

Sable, a Cheveron between three Flowers
de lis, Argent,is the Coat- Armour of Sir Lionel
Jenkins Kt. Judge of his Majeflies high Court
of Admiralty, and of the Prerogative Court.

Or, a Cheveron, Sable,between three Flow-
ers de lis, Azure, and is the Coat-Armour of
John Millecentoi Barham-hall in the Parifli
of Linton in Cambridgejhire, Efq-

He beareth Argent,
on a Cheveron, Gules,
beween three Flowers
de lis, Sable, an Inef-
cocheon of the firft ,
charged with a finitler
hand couped at the
wr.il , as the fecond.
This is the Coat-Ar-
mour of that Noble
Knight and Baronet ,
Sir Bajil Dixwell of
Barham in Kent, whofe real expreffions of
true love and affection to his native Countrey
deferves commemoration. Here I name of
the firft, and as the fecond, toavoid iteration

of the fame words, according to the Rule for-
merly given.

He beareth Argent,
on a Fefs , Gules , three
Flowers de lis, Or , by
the Name of Difney,
and is born by John
T)i{ney of Swmderby,
Efq; by Molmeux and
Ge rvaje 'Dijney of Nor-
ton-T)ifney of Lincoln-
jliire, Efq.

Sable , a Fefs Daun-
cette, Or, in chief 3
Flowers de lis , Argent,
by the Name of Feak ,
and is born by William
Feak of Stafford in Staf-
fordflnre, Gent, Son and
Heir of John Feak of
London, Gent, deceafed.

He beareth Argent,
a Fefs Nebule , Gules ,
between fix Flowers de
lis, Sable, by the Name
of T)ob[oti , and is the
Coat-Armour of Edw.
Dobfon of Leverpool in
Lancajhire, Efq.

Argent, on a Fefs Ra-
gule,Azune, three Flow-
ers de lis, Or, ond is the
Coat-Armour of Wil-
liam Atwood of Broni-
field in Effex , and of
Grays-Inn in Middle-
sex, Efq; Son and Heir
of John Atwood Efq;
deceafed, by Elizabeth
eldeft Daughter and Coheir of 'Patrick loung
Efq; Son of Sir Peter Toung Kt. ALmoner and
Privy Counfellor of Scotland to King
James.

He beareth Sable,on
a Cheveron engrailed,
between fix croiies Pa-
tee-Fitchee, Or, three
Flowers de lis, Azure,
each charged on the
top with a Plate, by
the name of Smith of
Nib ley, in the County
of Glocefter. The Plate
is the Reprefentation of Silver Bullion fitted
for the ftamp, and therefore need not have o-
ther blazon than its own name. Armorifts
hold that this bearing of Sable, and Or, an-
Q. 2 fwers

io8

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

Sed.III.

fwers to Diamond joyned with Gold, whereof
each giveth honour to the other ; and it may
well befeem a Bearer , whofe fober and well
compofed conditions are accompanied with
the luftre of mining vermes.

Hebeareth Sable, a
Bend, Argent,between
fix Flowers de lis, Or,
by the Name of Red-
mere.. This Coat-Ar-
mour haVe I added in
regard of the variety
of bearing hereof from
thofe before handled,
inafmuch as in this one
Efcocheon is comprehended the full number
contained in both the former ; as alfo to make
known in what manner, thefe or other char-
ges of like bearing muft be placed, the fame
being born entire : But if they were flrewed,
or (as I may better termc it-) feminated all ri-
ver the Field, then were it not a Bend between,
but upon, or over them ; forafmuch as in fuch
bearing only the halves of many of them, or
fome greater or lelfer portion of them would
appear as well under the Bend, as in the limits
or Edges of the Efcocheon.

He beareth Argent,
on a Crofs, Sable,- five
Flowers de lis of the
firlt : This Coat- Ar-
mour in the time of K.
Henry the Fourth, ap-
pertained unto Robert
le Neve of Tivetifljall
in the County of Nor-
folk f as appeareth by
Seals of old Deeds and ancient Rolls of Arms)
from whom arc defcended thofe of that Sur-
name now remaining at Aflatlun , Witching-
ham, and other places in the foid County.. 'If
this Crofs were feminated all over with Flow-
ers, de lis , ihewing upon the fides or edges
thereof but the halves of fome of them, then
it mould be blazoned Semy de Flowers de lis;
and the like is to be obferved when they be fo
born on any other Ordinary or Charge.

He beareth Sable.on
a Crofs between four
Flowers de lis, Argent,
live Pheons, Azure, by
the Name of Banks ,
and with the Arms of
Vlfter, is the Coat-
Armour of Sir John
Banks of the Friers in
the Parift of Aylesford
in Kf//?,Baronet.

Sable,tfirce Lozenges,
Argent, on a Chief, Or,
as many Flowers de lis ,
Gules, by the Name of
Medley, and is the Coat-
Armour of Sir Nicholas
Tedley of Tetworth in
Hit nt mgt on/hire, Kt.

He beareth Argent,on
a Saltire , Sable , five
Flowers de lis, Or. This
Coat-Armour pertained
to Sir Thomas Hawkins
of Naflj in Kent, Kt. I
have inferted this Efco-
cheon, not only to ihew
you that this Flower is
born upon this kind of
Ordinary, but alfo to give demonftration that
the Saltire charged containeth the third part
of the Field, according to the Rule formerly
given.

The Field is Sable,
three Lilies flipped ,
their iftalks , feeds ,
blades and leaves, Ar-
gent. Thefe Arms per-
tain to the Colledge of
Wmchefter, founded by
the renowned Archi-
tect, William Wick-
ham, Biiliop ofWinton,
who contrived thofe many and moft curious
Caftles and other Buildings of King Edward
the Third's. And befides this goodly Colledge
oiWtnton, built another magnificent Colledge
(called the New Colledge~) in the Univerfity
of Oxford: two fuch abfolute Foundations, as
never any King of this Land did the like.
This Wickham having finhhed the Caftle of
Windjor, caufed to be inferibed on the Wall
of of the round Tov/er, This made Wickham;
which caufed fuch as were envious of his high
favour, tofuggeft unto the King, that he ar-
rogated all the honour of that great Work to
himfelf: but he pleafantly fatisfied the King,
faying, That he wrote not, Wickham made
thu ; but, This made Wickham ; becaufe by
his fervice in thefe Works he had gained his
Sovereign's Princely favour.

yam

Chap.X.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

109

He beareth Argent,a
Fefs Nebule , between
three Trefoils flipped,
Gules. This Coat per-
tained ttGeorge Thorpe
of Wanfwell in the
County of Glocefler,
Efq; one of the Honou-
rable Band of his Ma-
jeftie's Gentlemen Pen-
fioners. The Trefoil is accounted the Hus-
bandman's Almanack,becaufe when it ihutteth
in the leaves, it foretelleth rain; and therefore
the Fefs Nebule reprefentisg the rainy clouds,
is not unaptly joyned with it. This Leaf be-
ing graffy, fome may marvel I fhould reckon
it amongft the Coronaries : but they muft
know, that in ancient Roman times, amongft
other forts of Crowns, the Graminea Corona,
or graffy Crown, was of very high honour to
the wearer.

He beareth Or,a Che-
veron , between three
Trefoils Hipped , Sable,
by the Name of Abdy,
and with the Arms of
ZJlfter, is the Coat-Ar-
mour of Sir John Abdy
of Stafleford-Abbot in
Effex, Baronet.

He beareth Or,a Che-
veron engrailed , be-
tween three Trefoils
flipped , Sable , by the
Name of VViUiamfon ,
and is. the paternal Coat-
Armobr, of the Right
Honourable Sir Jojeph
WiUiamfon of Milbeck-
hall in Cumberland Kt.
one of his Majeftie's principal Secretaries of
State,

He beareth Gules, on
a Bend , Argent, three
Trefoils flipped, Vert,
by the Name of Hervey,
and is the Coat-Armour
of the Honourable John
Hervey of Ickivorih in
Suffolk , Treafurer to
her Majefty Queened
thariHc ' -i ' >^

Or, on a Cheve-
ron , between three
Trefoils flipped, Sa-
ble, as many Mul-
lets of the Field, by
the Name of Hol-
worthy, and is the
paternal Coat-Ar-
mour oi Sir Matthew
Holworthy of Great
Talfgrave in Nor-
folk, Kt.

Or,on a Bend cotized,
Azure, between fix Tre-
foils ilipped, Vert, three
Efcallop-lhells of the
firft. This is the bear-
ing of John Rowe of the
City of Briftol, Gent,
defcended from the an-
cient Family of the
Rowes of VVindle\-hill
in the County of Der-
by.

He beareth Azure,
three Qyaterfoils, Ar-
gent, by the Name
of Vincent, and with
the Arms of Vllier,
is the paternal Coat-
Armour of Sir Fran-
cis Vincent of Stoke-
T)abernon in Surrey,
Baronet.

He beareth Argent,
on a Cheveron, Sable,
three Quaterfoils, Or,
by the Name of Eyre,
and is born by the Fa-
mily of the Eyres of
Tlorj'etjljire , and of
New-Sarum in Wilt-
fiire, from whom is
defcended Mr. Nicho-
las Eyre of the City
of London.

Or, a Cheveron,be'
tween three Cinque-
foils, Gules , by the
Name of Chicheley,
and is the Coat-Ar-
mour of the Right
Honourable Sir John
Chicheley of VVimp-
ley in Cambridgejljire,
Kt. Mafterofthe Ord-
nance, and one of his
Majefljes molt Honourable Privy Councel, &c.

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Seft. Ill-

fer-";'

He beareth Gules, a
Bend, Or, in the finifter
Chief a Cinquefoil , Er-
m yn. This was the
Coat-Armour of Sir E-
rajmtts de la Fontaine
of London ,Kt. deceafed,
whofe Lady was Sifter
to the Right Honoura-
ble Bapttft Lord Vif-
count Camden.

He beareth Sable,
a Bend engrailed, be-
tween fix Cinque-
foils , Or , by the
Name of Tovey,znd
is the paternal Coat-
Armour of Tho. To-
•pfj'jF.fq; one of the
Matters of the Re-
quefts to his Majefty
King Charles the Se-
cond.

He beareth Argent,
a Crofs quarter-pierced
between five Cinque-
foils, Vert. This Coat,
with a due difference,
is born by Thomas
Hodgskins of Homer-
[truth in Middlesex,
Cent, defended from
the Hodgskins of Glc-
cefterjhire.

He beareth Gules, a
Cheveron between ten
Cinquefoils, four, two,
one, two, and one, Ar-
gent. This Coat-Ar-
mour pertainetli to the
worfhipful Family of
Hartley of Wymund-
harn, which defcended
out of the right Noble
Progeny of the Lord Barkley. This Coat is
of an ufual kind of blazon , and therefore I
held it the fitter to be here infcrted, as a pat-
tern for all fuch Coat- Armours, whofe Charges
are marlhalled in this order. The Cinquefoil
is an herb wholfome for many good ufes, and
is of ancient bearing in Efcocheons. The num-
ber of the leaves anfwer to the five fenfes in a
man ; and he that can conquer his affections ,
and mafter his fenfes, ( which fenfual and vi-
cious men are wholly addicted unto) he may
worthily, and with honour, bear the Cinque-
foil, asthefignof his fivefold victory over a
ftronger enemy than that three-headed Mon-
iler Cerberus.

He beareth Saphir, a
Cinquefoil, Ermyn, a
Bordure engrailed, To-
paz. This is the Coat-
Armour of the Right
Honourable Jacob Lord
Jftley , Baron of Rea-
dwg,&.c.and with the
addition of the Arms of
Viper, is the Coat- Ar-
mour of Sir Jacob Aft-
ley of Melton-Conftable in Norfolk, Baronet.
Of this Family there hath fucceflively been
Barons of Parliament from the time of King
Edward the Firft, to the Reign of KmgHen-
ry the Fifth, and one Knight of the Garter in
the Reign of King Henry the Sixth.

Argent , a Fefs en-
grailed, between three
Cinquefoils within a
Bordure, Sable. This
is the paternal Coat-
Armour of Thomas Fo-
ley of Witley-Conrt in
Worcefterfliire, Efquire,
Father of Thomas Foley
of the faid place, Efq;
of Taul Foley of Stoak-
Court in Hereford/hire, Efq; and of Thilip Fa-
ley of Treftwood'm StafordJhtre,E{q;

Argent,three Cinque-
foils, Gules, each charg-
ed with five Annulets ,
Or, by the Name of
Southwell, and is the
paternal Coat-Armour
of Sir Robert Southwell
Kt. one of the Clerks
attending his Majefty in
his molt Honourable
Privy Counce! ; whofe Family is now feated at
Kingfale in the Kingdom of Ireland, but were
formerly of JVoodrifing in Norfolk, and were
anciently of the Town of Southwell in the
County of Nottingham.

He beareth Saphir ,
Crufuly three Cinque-
foils,Pearl. This is the
Coat-Armour of the
Right Hononrable Co-
rners Tl'arcy , Baron
D'arcy, Meynnille, and
Conyers, defcended from
John Lord D'arcy and
'Meynnille, Chamberlain
to King Edward the
Third ; whofe Son and Heir , the Honourable
Conyers TTarcy Efq; is High Steward of his
Majefties Honour of Rtcbmond-CaSfle , and_
Richmond/hire , chief Bailiff of the Liberty

thereof.

Chap.XI.

A Difplay of Heraldry,

3 11

thereof, Conftable of Middleham-Caftle, and
Matter of Arhengarthdale Foreft.

Hebeareth Argent,
a Cheveron, Sable, be-
tween three Colmn-
bines flipped, proper ,
by the name of Hall,
of Coventry. The Co-
lumbine is pleafing to
the eye, as well in re-
ined: of the feemly
(and not vulgar)fhape,
as in regard of the Azury colour thereof ; and
isholden to be very medicinable for the dif-
folving of impoftumations or fwellings in the
throat.

He beareth Argent,
three Gilliflowers flip-
ped , proper , by the
Name of Jomey. Thefe
kinds of Flowers , for
beauty, variety ol co-
lour, and pleafant re-
dolency, may be com-
pared with the choiceft
attires of the Garden :
yet becaufe fuch daintinefs and affected adorn-
ings better befit Ladies andGentlewomen,than
Knights and men of valour, whofe worth muft
■be tried in the Field, not under a Rofe-bed, or
in a Garden-plot ; therefore the ancient Gene-
rous made choice rather of fuch herbs as grew
in the fields, as the Cinquefoil, Trefoil, Sec.

He beareth Argent,
a Cheveron , Gules ,
between three Blue-
bottles flipped,proper,
by the Name of Chor-
ley, an ancient Family
in the County Palatine
of L.mcafier. Thefe
few Examples may
fuffice to lhew that all
others of like kind (which I for brevity fake
voluntarily pals over) are to be reduced unto
this Head of Coronary Herbs ; from which we
will now proceed to the Phylical, whofe chief
and more frequent ufe confifteth in aflwaging
or curing of Maladies and Difeafes. And of
thefe fome arc Aromatical , which for the
moft part,in refpect of their familiar and plea-
fing nature, do ferve for the corroborating and
comforting of the inward parts of man's body,
and for that purpofe are olt ufed in meats ; of
whicli fort are Saffron, Ginger, and fuch like :
Others are meerly Medicinal , and fuch as a
man ( were it not for neceffity ) would wifh
rather to wear in his Efcocheon, than in his
Belly. Examples of which kinds I will wil-
lingly pafs over, only as it were pointing out
with the finger unto what head they muft be

reduced, if any fuch be born in Arms. Of the
Plants, Trees, Fruits, and Herbs beforemen-
tioned , fome are Forein , and fome Dome-
ftical ; fome grow in Mountains, fome in Ma-
rilli and Fenny Grounds , fome by the Rivers,
fome by the Sea-coaft. Concerning their cau-
fes, natures, and effects, Philofophers, Phy-
ficians and Herbalifts do ferioufly difpute ; and
doubtlefs they are the admirable work of the
molt Omnipotent God, who has fent as many
kinds of Medicines, as of Maladies ; that as by
the one we may fee our own wretchednefs , fo
by the other we might magnifie his goodnefs
towards man,on whom he hath beftowedFrw;;
for meat, and Leaves for medicine.

CHAP. XI.

H Aving hitherto handled that part of our
diflnbution which comprehendetli
things Vegetable, proceed we now to
the other concerning things fenfitive, which
are all forts of Animals or Creatures indued
with fenfes. The fenfes, as likewife the fen-
fitive Soul, are things in themfelves not vifi-
ble, and therefore elf ranged from the Herald's
ufes : But becaufe they refide in bodies of dif-
fering parts and qualities from any other be-
forementioned; therefore in handling of thefe
fenfitive Creatures, I hold it requilite to be-
gin with their parts (for of them the whole is
raifed;) and thefe are either the parts con-
tained, or containing, or fuftaining.

But fince we are now to fpeak of things fen-
fitive ( and amongft them J firft of Terreftri-
al Animals and their parts , it lh all not be im-
pertinent to produce fome few caufes amongft
many, why thefe Terreftrial Animals and Man
were created in one day, viz. the fixth day.

Firft, becaufe God had appointed the Earth
to be the joint habitation of man and beaft to-
gether. Secondly, in refpeel: of the near re-
semblance, both of bodily parts and natural
properties , that thefe Terreftrials have of
Man, in refpeel either of Fowls or of Fifhes.
Laftly,for that very many of them were toferve
for man's eafe and neceflary ufe: As Oxen to till
the ground ; Horfes for his eafe in travel; Dogs
to be watchful keepers of his houfe ; and others
for other his neceflary and Domeftical ufes.

There is no Animal but hath at the leaft
thefe parts , vim. Head, wherewithal to re-
ceive food, and wherein their fenfes have their
refidence ; a Belly, to receive and concoct his
meat ; Intrails, whereby to eject the fuperflu-
ities or excrements of aliment; Members alfo,
ferving for the ufe and exe/cife of the fenfes,
and others ordained for motion from place to
place ,- for without thefe Members he can-*
not receive food or nutriment , neither feel
nor move: Therefore there i's neither labour-
ing

112

A biff lay of Heraldry.

Seft. Ill

ingbeaft, orbeaftof favage kind domeftical
reptiles, or other, that can be without thefe

b °By > thenameof Soul and Life wherewith
all forts of Animals are endued from Cod,A/e-
ffs teacheth us, that there is no living creature
to be found that hath not either true and na-
tural blood , orattheleaft fome kind of hot
humour that is to it inflead of blood j Antma
enim cmufou Animal* in Sangutm eft , as
Moles teacheth Leviticus 17. and in fundry o-
ther places; and in the common received o-
pinion of all men, In Immido E§ cahdo conftfttt

That which is fpoken of divers kinds oHnJeffa,
that there is no blood to be found in them , it is
to be underftood to be meant of true, perfecl,
and natural blood ; but of neceflity they mult
have inftead thereof fome kind of humour in
them that hath the quality of blood, viz. that
is both hot and moift as afarefaid, elfe can they

not live. . .

Concerning Animals in general, it is not to
be doubted, but that all forts of them, as well
thofe of favage and ravenous kind, as thofe of
domeftical and labouring kind, as alio venom-
ous Serpents, of themfelves, and of their own
nature, were themfelves good, and might be
good to others , and profitable for man's ufe ;
forafmuch as it is faid, Et vidit Elohim quod
lonum • But in that they are now become noi-
fome and painful to man, that is ftr Accidetis j
for this is occafioned by the fin and tranfgrefli-
on of man.whereby all things became accurfcd
for his fake.

The utility or benefit that cometh to man
by thefe Terreflrial Animals is twofold ; the
one pertaining to the Body , the other to the
Soul. The corporal benefit that cometh to
man by them , who knowethnot ? For daily
experience Iheweth us how beneficial the ufe of
iiorfes, oxen,,kine, calves, iheep, and other
forts of beaft and cattel of all forts, are for the
fervice of man ; whereof fome ferve us for
food , ' fome for raiment , fome for carriage ,
fome for tillage,and other for divers other uies.
Of this ufe of them Mofes faith , That God
hath fubjetled all thugs to man , Omnia fub-
ifcifti fub fcdibm ejus, &c. and made him
Ruler over the fillies of the Sea, the fowls of
the Air, and the beafts of the Land ; whereby
he giveth ns to underftand, That all forts of A-
nimals were created for the divers ufes of man,
and each one of them ordained to a feveral
end. But their fpiritual ufe is farr more noble
and excellent, by how much the foul furpaffeth
the body in dignity and worthinefs.

And their ufe confifteth not alone in this ,
that by the confideration of them we are led
to the knowledge of God, and of his wifdom,
power and goodnefs(for this ufe have all things
elfe that are created) as appeareth Romans 1 .
and elfewhere : But alfo that in thefe Animals
God hath propofed to us fuch. notable examples

of imitation , in refpecl of vices to be efchew-
ed, that,the facred Scriptures excepted, there
is no moral precepts can better inftrudl us than
thefe Animals do, which are daily in our view,
and of which we have daily ufe: amcngft thefe
we may produce fome examples of hihes and
fowls, but many more may we gather from
Terreftrial Animals. And to the end we fhould
ihun the ignorance of things , fuch efpecially
as are Celeftial, David, the Kingly Prophet,
propofeth to us for examples , the Horfe and
Mule faying, AW iritis fiewt Equus (S Mnlus,
in quibns non eft intelleHus.

Like as Natural Philofophy confifteth in o-
ther things, lb doth it chiefly in the knowledge
of Animals, viz. in the underftanding of their
wifdome,natures and properties: which know-
ledge hath been approved by God himfelf from
the beginning ; and not only approved , but
alfo ordained and given to Adam; for Mofes
faith, God brought thefe Animals unto Adam y
to the end that he fhould advifedly view and
confider them ; to the end that Adam fhould
give them names anfwerable to their fhnpes ,
natures, proportion, and qualities; and that
the impofition of thefe names fhould not be ca-
fually or at adventure (for God abhorreth all
diforder and confufion ) but deliberately and
according to reafon, fo as every thing might
be aptly diftinguiihed from other, by their par-
ticular names, and according to their feveral
natures and difpofitions ; and that for our be-*
nefit , that we hearing their names, and un-
derftanding their fignifications may be led to
the underltanding of their natural properties,
for which Etymology, or true interpretation
and derivation of words is very behoofful and
of great ufe.

The parts contained are Humours and Spi-
rits, whereof only the firft is ufed in Coat-
Armours, wherein are reprefented fometimes
drops of blood, and fometimes tears, which
both are naturally humours contained, though
in Armory they are fuppofed no longer to be
contained, but fhed forth. The bearing of
this humour, blood, is underftood to be ever-
more born Drop-meale ( as I may fo term it )
or by drops. Which manner of bearing is in
blazon termed Gutte, of the Latin word Gut-
ta, which fignifieth a drop of any thing that
is either by Nature liquid, or liquefied by Art._
Thefe drops do receive a different manner of
blazon, according unto their different colour,
or diverftty of the fubftance whereof they do
confift , as by Examples fhall appear.

Chap XL

A Difplay of Heraldry.

He beareth, Argent,
Gutte de Sang, by the
Name of Lemming.
Thefe drops are fel-
dome born of them-
felves alone , but ra-
ther upon or with
fome other kind of
Charge , either ordi-
nary or extraordinary,
or elfe dividedly, by means of the interpofiti-
on of fome of the lines of Partition hereafter to
be handled. Thefe are termed Gulta de Sang.
Quia ex gut t is (angninn conjlant ; becaufe they
fignifie drops of blood, wherein the life confift-
eth. And if the blood of thofe, who boaft
of their generous blood, ihould once drop forth
of their veins, no difference would appear be-
twixt it and the meaneft man's blood ; unlefs
perhaps it be in this , that ufually it is more
corrupt and vitiated ; whereas in the poorer
fort it is more healthful and pure.Which Iliould
teach fuch great ones not to prize their blood
at too high a rate, but rather to excel others
in vermes, fincc they cannot furpafs in that
humour, which is alike in all : And if they
look in the firft originals of both forts , they
fhall find, that Adam was the firft Anceftor of
the Poor, as well as of the Mighty ,• and fo
the one of them as anciently defcended as the
other.

He bearethAzure,
a Pale, Or, Gutte de
Sana, by the Name
of Tlaye r,and is the
Coat- Armour of Sir
Thomas flayer of
Hackney in Middle-
sex, Kt. Chamber-
lain of the Honou-
rable City of Lon-
don , fucceeding his
Father Sir Thomas
in the faid Office.

He beareth Argent,
Gutte de Sang.a Crofs,
Gules, by the Name of
Fitz of Fitzford in
the County of De-von.
This is the moft prin-
cipal and predominant
humour, whereby the
life of all Animals is
nourifhed and continu-
ed, and whofe defeift bringeth prefent death.
For the life of all flelh is his blood, it is joined
with his life : Therefore I faid unto the chil-
dren of Ifrael, Te Jliall eat the blood of no flefi);
for the life of allflefi is the blood t hereof, who-
foever eateth fhall be cut off.

He beareth Argtntj
Gutte de Larmes , or
de Larmettes, a Che-
veron voided , Sable ,
by the Name of St.
Maure. This is that
other humour before-
mentioned ; and this
bearing is called Gutte
de Larmes , Quia ex
Lacrymarum guttis conftant, becaufe they re-
prefent drops of tears falling ; thefe Gutte are
always underftood to be of colour blue.

In blazoning of Coat- Armours charged with
drops, you muft evermore confider the fub-
ttance whereof they are , and to give them a
denomination accordingly , fo lhall you not
need to name their colour at all ,- forafmuch as
by their fubftance their colours are eafily con-
ceived, whereof I will give you fome few Ex-
amples in thefe Efcocheons next following •
which albeit they may feem to be unduly be-
llowed with thefe , yet in refpedt of their uni-
form manner of bearing, to wit, by drops Qas
the former) I have chofen rather to fort them
together with thefe, than to beftow them con-
fufedly under feveral Heads.

He beareth Sable, a
Turnip,Proper,a Chief,
Or, Gutte de Larmes.
This is a whoiefome
Root , and yieldeth
great relief to the poor,
and proipercth belt in
a hot fandy ground,
and may fignifie a ner-
fonofgood difpofition,
whofe vertuous demeanour ilouriiheth moft
profperoufly even in that foil, where the fcorch-
mgheatof Envy moft aboundeth. This dif-
fereth much in nature from that whereof it is
faid, And that there fi-otdd not be among you
any root that bringeth forth gall and ■worm-
wood.

He beareth Sable ,
Gutte deEau,aCanton,
Emivn , by the Name
of T)annet. This word
Eau is a French word,
and fignifieth the fame
that Aqua doth in La-
tin, which is as much
as to fay , He beareth
drops of water. If he
mould blazon it inEnglilh, the proper colour
thereof is Argent. This had been a worthy
Efcocheon for a Souldier of that Chriftian Le-
gion, called Fulminatrt x , at whofe prayers
in a great drought God poured down rain iri
the fight of the Heathen, as Eufebius teftiheth,
and yet they were no Frefhwater Souldi#rs ,•
R but

ii4

hl^T^d^oh^c embrued their Efco-
cheons with drops of blood as to have thus |
fprinkled them with drops of rain.

He beareth Argent,
Gutte de Poix,a Chief,
Nebule, Gules, by the
Name of Roydenhall.
This word Poix is a
French word , and is
the fame that we call
Pitch in Englilh. Yet
among our Enghih
Blazoners thefe colours
and drops are termed Gutte de Sable. This
Coat ferveth aptly to give warrantize of the
bearing of Chiefs, confifting of fome of the
bunched lines beforementioned in the firft Se-
ction. There are Ordinaries framed of fundry
other former forts of lines, before expreffed in
the firft Section , which I leave to the ftri<2
obfervation of the curious fearchers of thofe
things.

He beareth, Argent,
a Crofs engrailed, Sable,
charged with Gutte de
Or, by the Name of
Milietfield.Thek drops
may be underftood to be
drops either fufible or
molten, as Gold either
molten in fire, or other-
wife liquefied, whereby
it may be diftilled Dropmeal.

Note, that if fuch kind of drops be Or,then
fhall they be taken as reprefentations of fufible
or liquid Gold : if they be Vert.then fhall they
be taken to be drops of Oyl-olive, as hereafter
(hall appear, when I fhall fpeak of Coat-Ar-
mours, whofe fields have no tincture predomi-
nating. But to return to the humour of blood
(from which we have upon occafion hitherto
iligreffedjit is infallible that there is no Animal
or living Creature but hath in it either blood,
or fome other kind of hot humour in quality
like thereunto, as I have faid before.

Thefe humours beforementioned, in refpetS
of their moift and fluent nature, do (land in
need of fome other thing to contain them-; and
fuch containing parts are either the outmoft
includer, which is the skin (of which we have
already fpoken in the firft Section, where we
treated of Furrs) or the whole Body it felf ,
with the feveral members and parts thereof ;
all which, becaufe they need their fupporters,
thofe we will firft fpeak of, and fo defcend unto
the whole bearings and parts.

But I will firft ihew you an Example of the
' earing of dead mens fculls, and then proceed
the fupporting parts.

~A~Diftlay of Heraldry.

Sea. in.

He beareth Argent,on
a Cheveron, Gules, three
dead mens fculls of the
firft , by the Name of
Bolter. This kind of
bearing may ferve to
put both the proper
owner of this Coat-Ar-
mour, and alfo the feri-
ous fpe<ftators of the
fame in mind of the mortality of thir bodies
and laft end.

Parts of fupport, whereof we have ufe in
Arms, are thofe folid fubftances which fuftain
the Body, viz. the Bones, whereby the Body
is not only underpropped , but alfo carried
from place to place, by help of their ligatures
and finews. Of the ufe of thefe in Coat-Ar-
mour you fhall have Examples in thefe Efco-
cheons next following.

He beareth Sable, a
Shinbone in Pale , fur-
mounted of another in
Crofs, Argent, by the
Name of B.iyne. , and
is the Coat of John
Baynes of the Inner*
Temple London , Elq;
one of the Counfel of
the City of London, el-
deft Son of John Baynes of the Parifh of
St. Olive in the Old Jury, London, Efq; who
holdeth in Knights Service feveral Capital
Meffuages , Lands , and Tenements of the
King's Majefty in Effex. I do give this form
of blazon hereunto, becaufe the firft Iieth near-
er to the field than the other doth ; for they
cannot be properly faid to be a Crofs of Bones,
becaufe they be not incorporated one with a-
nother, but are dividedly fevered by interpo-
fmg the purflings.

He beareth Sable ,
two Shinbones Saltire-
ways , the finifter fur-
mounted of the dexter,
by the Name of New-
ton, and is the Coat of
Thomas Newton of
Dujpeld , and Robert
Newton of Mtckleover
in Tierbyfoire , Gent.
To this Coat- Armour I give the blazon in the
former, for the reafon before delivered. Con-
cerning bones, Jefus Syrach recording the
fame and vertues ofjofua, Caleb, and Samuel,
faith,Z> t their bone 's flourijlo out of their place,
and their names by fiicceffiou remain in them
that are moft famous of their children , Ecclef.
46. 1 2. And though they feem like the wi-
thered bones in Ezeiiel's virion, yet fhall they
revive again by vertue and power of him who

died

of Heraldry.

died on the Crofs, and of whom it was faid,
Not a bone of him foall be broken. Thus in
brief you fee the ufe of thefe parts of fup-
port.

CHAP. XII.

IN following the tract which our method
firft chalked out unto us, we are at length
come to fuch blazons, as do prefent to the
eyes thofe fenfitive things which we called the
Containing, becaufe they are the manfion , in
which not only the blood and fpirits, but alfo
the bones (which we named the parts fuftain-
ing) are inclofed. Thefe are Animals or li-
ving Creatures, with their parts and members.
An Animal is any fubftance con filling both of
a body fitted for divers functions, and of a foul
giving life, fenfe, and motion.

Animals ( faith Zanchim ) efpecially fuch
as do produce a living creature, have a more
near refemblance of man, both as touching the
parts of their bodies, as alfo concerning the fa-
culties of their mind, and fubrilty ana quick-
nefs of wit ; for their bodies alfo do confift
(like as ours do) of flefh, finews, arteries,
bones, griftles and skin, &c. In like fort they
have head , neck , breafts, back, a chine or
backbone , thighs , legs and feet : As alfo
hearts, lights, liver, fpleen, guts, and other
inward parts as we have : Furthermore, they
do participate with us in our actions, as to cat,
drink, fleep, watch and move : albeit in many
other things they are much unlike us.

In the handling of Animals, it might be a
fcruple, whether the bearing of fuch creatures
whole mould have precedence in their bearing
before their parts, and alfo in what rank and
order the feveral kinds of creatures are to be
marlhalled by us , that thereby the dignity of
their bearing may be belt conceived ; becaufe
the dignity of thofe things that are born in
Coat-Armour, being truly known, and duly
confidered, doth not a little illuflrate the wor-
thinefs of the bearers in the difplaying of their
Enfigns. For taking away thefe lcruples , I
hold it requifite, before I proceed to give Ex-
amples, firft to fet down certain notes by way
of introduction to that which followed], lliew-
ing how the dignity of thefe Animals, ■hereaf-
ter to be handled, is to be accounted of, either
in a relative refped of things of diftinct Na-
tures compared one to another, or in a compa-
rative reference of Animals of the fame kind
each to other.

This dignity cannot be better underftood ,
than by taking a confiderate view of that Or-
der, which the Author of all Order, and the
moft wife and powerful Difpofer of all things ,
did obferve, not only in the creation of the
Celefiial, but alfo of the Elementary parts of J

ithe World , with their feveral Ornaments,
I wherein be oblcrved a continual progrellion
from things or 1 efs perfection, to tilings more
perfect. For, was there not a Chaos without
\jorm and void, before it came to that admira-
ble beauty, whereof it is find, Loe,it was very
good ? In the Celef'dal , the Sun ( the glorv
thereof) was made after the Firmament, and
the Night was before the Day. In the inferi-
or bodies, the Vegetables,as Trees,were made
before fenfitive and living Creatures : And a-
mongit thefe, the Fillies (which have neither
breath nor voice, and therefore imperfecter )
were before the Fowls , and bofih of them be-
fore terreftrial creatures ; and all of all forts
before man , made after God's Image , for
whofe fervice all other things were made,as he
was madefor God's Service. Moreover, in the
creation of man, the body was before the foul,
which yet is a thing incomparably of more
perfection.

By this rude draught of God and Natures
admirable method , you may conceive the na-
tural dignity of thofe crcatures,as often as they
If all occur in Armory. But as Art hath not
always the fame end which nature hath (be-
caufe the oneintendeth the being, the other
the knowing of things:) fo is not the method
of both always alike in attaining their ends ;
for Natures procefs is a fimplicibus ad comfofi-
ta, from the fingle parts to the whoie,whereas
Art defcendeth from the compounds to the
fimples : in imitation whereof, we fliall in this
our progrefs follow this courfe, that firft every
whole bearing of any Animal iliall precede ,
and then fuch parts and members thereof as u-
fually are born ; fox fo every one that firft hath
feen the whole , will difcern the parts the bet-
ter j whereas he that feeth apart (having ne-
ver feen the whole) knoweth not whereof it
is a part. And in Coat-Armour the whole
bearing of Animals is moft worthy, yet is not
the bearing of parts to be mi/liked; but if we
confidcr both the one and the other reflective-
ly, then doth the whole bearing farr furmount
the parts in honour and dignity.

Neither muft we here precifely efteem the
worth of every bearing by this order of Na-
ture, becaufe Art doth fometimes flamp a pe-
culiar note of dignity, for fome particular re-
fpect, as for fome efpecial ufe, quality, or acti-
on in the things. And this dignity or nobility
may have a twofold relation ; the one,betwixt
Animals of divers kinds , as a Lion and a Spa-
niel, a Woolf and a Lamb ; the other,bet\vixt
things of one kind, as whelps of one litter ,
whereof yet one may be nobler than the other,
as the one will run to the Chafe, the other to
the Pottage Pot. And forafmuch as the living
things beiorementioned, as well vegetable as
fenfitive, have their peculiar vertues worthy
imitation, as alfo their particular vices to be
efchewed, and that it is a chief glory to Gen-
I tlemen of Coat-Armom , to have their vertues
Pv 2 difplaied

116

diiplIi^r^dirST^P^nd forms < of ' fuch
things as they bear, it is to be wifhed that each
one oftUwould confider^ examm the
commendable properties of fuch fig^ur »-
kens as they dobear, and do his belt to mam-
feftto theworld,that he hath the like m himfelf:
for t is rather a difhonour than a wjufe for a
man o bear a Lion on his lhield, it he bear a
9,eep in his heart, or a Goofe in bta«i
being therein like thofe Ships, which bear the
nam! s of Dreadnought, Victory and the like,
though fometimes it fpeed with themcontra-
rv to their Titles. A true generous mind will
endeavour that for his felf-vertues , he may
be efteemed, and not infift only upon the fame
and merits of his Progenitours, the praile
whereof is due to them, and not to him.

Nam genus,® proavos,® qua noufecimiis ipfi,
Vix ea noftra voco,——

Ovid. Met. lib. 1 3. Verfe 140.

(worth,

Great birth, and blood, and Anceftors high
Call them not thine, but what thy [elf bring ft

(forth.

And now we will proceed to fome particular
precepts, concerning things fenfitive born in
Coat-Armour. Wherein firft obferve, that
all forts of Animals born in Arms or Enfigns,
muft in blazoning be interpreted in the beft
fenfe, that is, according to their moft generous
and noble qualities , and fo to the greateft ho-
nour of their bearers. For example j the Fox
is full of wit,and withal given wholly to filch-
ing for his prey ; if then this be the charge of
an Efcocheon, we muft conceive the quality re-
prefented, to be his wit and cunning, but not
his pilfering and Healing, and fo of all other.
All Beafts of favage and fierce nature, muft be
figured and fet forth in their moft noble and
fierce action ; as a Lion creeled bolt upright ,
his mouth wide open, his claws extended r as
if he were prepared to rent and tear;) for with
his teeth and claws he doth exercife his fierce -
nefs ; in this form he is f aid to poffefs his vi-
gor and courage ; and being thus formed, he
is faid to be rampant. Action doth the Pro-
phet David approve to be proper to a Lion ,
c P(al. zz. where defcribing the cruekie of the
wicked towards him, he faith, They raged up-
on me with their mouths, as it were a ramp-
ingmd roaring Lion. A Leopard or Wolf
muft be pourtraied going (as it were) Tede-
tentim, ftep by ftep ; which form of action
(faith Chajjana;ts~) fitteth their natural difpofi-
tion, and is termed Paffant : All forts of pla-
cable or gentle nature, muft be fet forth ac-
cording to the moft noble and kindly adion of
every of them, as aHorfe running or vaulting,
a Greyhound courfing,a Deer tripping,a Lamb
going with a fmooth and eafie pace, &c.

And concerning the true placing of Ani-
mals of whatfoever kinds in Armory according

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Se&. lii.

to Order, Art, and the Property of their na-
ture ; the ufe of the thing,whereupon they are
to be placed or depkfted, muft be hrft confider-
ed of, and fo muft they be placed accordingly,
whether they be born bolt upright, paffant, or
tripping, or howfoever.

As if they be to be placed in Banners, they
muft be fo placed,as that it be agreeable to the
natural quality of the thing that is born, Ars
enim imitator naturam in quantum pot eft :
therefore fince it is proper for a Banner to be
carried upon a ftaff, according to the ufe there-
of the ftaff doth proceed, and the Banner com-
eth after ; therefore ought the face to look to-
wards the ftaff, that is, directly forwards. So
is it likewife in every other thing, whofe parts
are diftinguifhed per Ante 5S> Toft ; in fuch the
forepart of the thing born fliall be placed to-
wards the ftaff, otherwife it would feem re-
trograde or going backwards,which were mon-
ftrous to behold.

If a man do bear only the head of fome A-
nimal (then moft commonly ) the forepart
thereof cannot aptly regard the ftaff, but is
born Tideways chiefly being full faced, whether
it be the head of Ram, Bull, &c.

As touching the orderly placing oi the feet
of Animals, this is a general Rule, That the
right foot muft be placed formoft , Quia dex-
tra pars eft principiummotus. And withal,it
is the moft noble part in regard it is the ftrong-
er and more active, and therefore thus to de-
fcribe them, is to fet them forth in their com-
mendableft faffiion ; for Diftpofitio laudatijfima
Animate eft, ut in omnibus di fpofiionibus fuis
Jit fentndum curfum natura ; that is the beft
difpofttion of every creature, which is moft a-
greable to nature.

But here you muft obferve, That in a Ban-
ner, that which is made for the one fide, will
feem to be the left foot on the contrary fide,
but that chanceth by accident : and therefore
the fide next to him that beareth the Banner
muft be chiefly refpeded, that the fame be
formed right in regard of him ; like as it is in
writing, that fide next to the writer is accord-
ing to order ; whereas if we turn the paper,
all falleth out after a prepofterous fafhion:
Therefore we muft chiefly relpect the fide next
the bearer, let the reft fall out as it fliall.

Arms are fometimes depicted or embroider-
ed upon the Garments of men, and chiefly up-
on the uppermoft vefture of Military perfons,
efpecially Emperors, Kings, and their Gene-
rals, and other. Commanders in Military Ser-
vices, ufed to caft over their Armours a kind of
fliort habit, as a Jacket, Mandylian, or fuch
like, whereupon their Arms were richly beau-
tified and curioufly wrought ; to the end, that
in time of fervice, their Souldiers, who could
not be directed by the ear (by reafon of the
far diftance that was oftentimes upon occafion
between them and their Commander ) they
might by their eye be inflructed according to

the

ChapXII.

the neceflity of the prefent fervice, and might
by ocular obfervation of their Commander
(being fo eminently clad) know and difcern
their ht times and opportunities of marching,
making a Hand, availing, retiring, and other
their like duties, whereupon this kind of lhort
garment was called a Coat-Armour, becaufe
it was worn aloft upon their Armour. And it
was called f aludamentum, quia ex eo geflans
tale veftimentumpalam fiebat omnibus. Such
was the Coat-Armour of Alexander that he
left in Elymais in the Country of Terfia, where-
of mention is made, where it is faid , Now
when King Antiochus travelled through the
high Countries, he heard that Elymais , in the
Cottntrey of Perfia, was a City greatly renown-
ed for riches , fdver , and gold. And that
there was in it a very rich Temple, wherein
■Were coverings of Gold , Coat- Armours and
Harness, which Alexander, King of Macedo-
nia , the [on of Philip that reigned fir ft in
Grecia, had left there.

For proof that Emperors ufed to wear Coat-
Armours, it fhall be to good purpofe to pro-
duce the verbal teftimony of Bayfius, fpeak-
ing in thefe words, Fertur eo die Crjffum nou
furfur eo, at Romanornm Imperatornm mos c-
rat , falndamento ad Milites proceffifje, fed
pallio nigro.

And further the fame Author faith, Talu-
damentum verofuijfe Jmperatorum, planum fit
exTranquillo inCafare, qui Alexandria cir-
ca eppuguationempontu, ertiftione hoftium
fubita compulfus in fcapham , pluribus eodem
pracipitantibus cum defilii ffet in mare, nando
per ducentos paffiis evafit ad proximam navem
elata lava, tie libelli, quos tenebat, tnadefe-
rent, paludamentum mordicus trahens, ue [po-
lio potiretur hoffis.

Of all creatures apt to generation and cor-
ruption, Animals are moft worthy. All Beafts
have a natural and greedy defire for the fupply
of their wants, infomuch as for the attaining
thereof, they do roar, bellow, bray, and cry
out exceedingly.

All beafts of favage and harmful kind , are
naturally armed with fome thing wherewith
they may hurt a man, for which they are rec-
koned dangerous, and to be fhunned : As the
Boar with tusks, the Lion with tallons, the
Stagg with horns, the Serpent with poilbn,
&c.

Notwithftandingthat the bearing of things
properly ( whether vegetable or fenfitive) Is
fpecially commended, yet muft not fuch pecu-
liar commendation be extended to derogate
from the dignity of other bearings, as if they
were of noefteem, in regard they be not born
properly ; for there are as good and honoura-
ble intendments in thefe as in them, data pa-
ritategeftantinm, if they be as ancient as the
former , and their bearers of equal eftate and
dignity ; which is not the leaft refpecl that
muft be holderj in the efteem. of Cogt-Armour,

Quia arma nobilitatem Jumunt , a perlova ge~
ftautis , Arms are honoured by the bearers.
And fomctimes the variation from the proper-
ty may be of purpofe to prevent fome other
quality, which may be no lefler honourable
than the proper. Befides, it is one thing to
bear a living creature in colour or in action di-
verfe from nature; and another, to bear him
repugnant or contrary to nature ; for the for-
mer may be born commendably, but this lar-
ter fort of bearing is holden difgraceful, or ra-
ther is condemned for falfe Arms , and there-
fore not worthy of bearing. Jn the blazoning
of things born in their natural colour,whether
thefamebeCeleftial, except the Sun, Moon,
and Stars; or Sublunar, it fufficeth to fay, He
• beareth this Comet, Meteor, Beaft, Bird, Fifh
Fowl, Plant, Tree, Herb, Flower, &c. Pro-
per, without naming of any colour ; for by
Proper is evermore underftood his natural co-
lours ; and for the Sun and Stars, when they be
of the colour of the metal Or , which is their
natural colour, it fufficeth to fay, a Sun , or
Star, without adding the word Proper, or Or.
And fo it is of the Moon, when ihe is Ardent '
which in Heraldry is holden her proper co-
lour.

As touching the dignity of things born in
Coat-Armour, I have already ftiewed how the
fame is to be reckoned in the order of Nature •
but if it be conlidered according to vulgar efti'
mation, then we muft hold this for an obser-
vation that feldom faileth, That fith every
particular Empire, Kingdom,and Nation have
their diftinct Enfigns of their Sovereign Turi"-
didhon, look what Beaft , Bird, Filh, Fowl
Serpent, &c. he that fw ayeth the Sovereignty
doth bear for his Royal Enfign in each parti-
cular Nation, the fame is accounted there to
be of greatcft dignity. So is the bearing of
the Lion chiefly efteemed with us in England
becaufe he is born by his Majeftv,for the Royal
Enfign of his Highnefs's Imperial Sovereignty
over us :fo is the bearing of the Eagle efteemed
among the Germans: St in like fort theFlowers
de lis amongft the Frenchmen. Four-footed
Beafts, whether they be born Proper, or Difco-
louredfthat is to fay, varying from their natural
colour)are to be efteemed more worthy of bear-
ing in Coat-Armour than either Fillies or
Fowls are, in regard they do contain in them
more worthy and commendable fignifications
of Nobility. Amongft things Senfitive, the
Males are of more worthy bearing than the
Females. Some men perhaps will tax me of
inconhderation, in not treading the ufualfteps
of Armonfts in the handling of thefe fenfible
Creatures, for that I do not prefer the Lion
(in refped of his Regal Sovereignty ) before
all other Terreftrials. For clearing of mv felf
m this point, I muft plead, that the project of
my prefenpt method hath tied me to another
form, and doth enforce me to prefer other
Beafts in place, before thofe which otherwife

bra

A Difplajt of Heraldry,

118

a"^terf^gnity. And albeit I cannot
fay there was any priority of time m the crea-
tion of Beafts, becaufe God (fake the word and
it was done, he commanded and they were
created; neverthelefs in regard of difcipline ,
there is a priority to be obferved , wherein
thofe things that do promife us a moreeafie ac-
cefs to the diftind knowledge and underftand-
incr of the fucceeding documents , ought to
have the precedence. ■ .

The Order that I prefix to my felf in treat-
ing of thefe Beafts, Ml concur with the Ta-
ble of this prefent Section ; as hrft,to fet down
Animals of all forts living upon the Earth : Se-
condly, fuch as live above the Earth, as Fowls:
Thirdly, Watry Creatures : and laflly, Man.
And becaufe of the firft fort fome are greflible,
having feet, and fome creeping or gliding as
Serpents, we will begin with the greil.ble ;
and firft with fuch Beafts as have their feet fo-
lid or undivided, or (as I may term them) In-
articulate, that is to fay, without toes; then
will I proceed to fuch as have their feet cleft hi
two; and laftly to Beafts that have their feet
divided into many.

CHAP. XIII.

HAving delivered divers Rules and Ob-
fervations concerning living things.and
their parts in genere, I will now annex
fuch Examples as may demonftrate thefe feve-
ral forts of bearing; forafmuch as demonftra-
tions give life and light to ambiguous and
doubtful precepts, as Artflotle Ethic. 7. no-
teth, hymg,'Demonftrationes ftint perfefltores
(3 nobiliores, quando inducuntur poft orattones
dubitabiles ; Demonftrations are ever beft af-
ter doubtful paffages. Of thefe briefly, asm
the next Efcocheon. The Invention of Arms,
wherein Beafts, or their parts, are bom, are
borrowed (faith Sir John Feme*) from the
Huns, Hungarians, Scythians, and Saxons,
cruel and mod fierce Nations , who therefore
delighted in the bearing of Beafts of like na-
ture in their Arms ; as Lions, Bears, Wolves,
Hyenes, and fuch like j which fafliion likewife
came into thefe our Countries when thofe bar-
barous people over-ran with Conqueft theWeft
part of Europe. Now to the end that the
Rules and Obfervations formerly fet down
may receive both life and warrant by Prefi-
dents, I will now exemplifie them in their Or-
der : And firft of whole-footed Beafts with
their Members.

He beareth Gules,an
Elephant palfant, Ar-
gent , tusked. Or, by
the Name of Elphit:-
flon. Concerning thefe
Arms that are iormed
of Beafts, it is to be ob-
ferved, That generally
thofe are reputed more
Noble which do confift
of whole Beafts, than are thofe that are form-
ed of their parts ; yet fometknes the parts
may be given for fome fuch fpecial fcrvices, as
may be no lefs honourable than the whole
bearing. The Elephant is a Beaft of great
ftrength, but greater wit, and great eft ambi-
tion ; infomuch that fome have written of
them, that if you praife them, they will kill
themfelves with labour ; and if you commend
another above them, they will break their
hearts with emulation. The Beaft is fo proud
of his ftrength , that he never bows himfelf
to any (neither indeed can he ;) and when he
is once down (as it dually is with proud great
ones) he cannot rife up again. It was the
manner of fuch as ufed the force of Elephants
(in fet Battels ) to provoke them to fight by
laying before them things of Scarlet or Crim-
fon colour, to make them more furious ; as
we may fee 1 Mac . 6. 34. And to provoke the
Elephants for to fight, they /hewed them the
blood of Grapes and Mulberries. Further-
more, they were placed in the ftrength and
heart of the battel, as in the fame Chapter ap-
peareth ; where it is faid , And they fet the
Beafts according to their ranges , fo that by
every Elephant there flood a thousand men
armed with Coats of Mail, and Helmets of
Brafi upon their Heads ; and unto every Beaft
were ordained five hundred Horfmeu of the
befl,Verfe 3 5: . Which were ready at all times
wheresoever the Beafl was ; and whitherfoe-
ver the Beafl went , they went alfo, and de-
parted not from him, Verje 36. The high-
nefs and incomparable ftrength of this Beaft
may be conceived by this, That te bare thir-
ty two fighting men in ftrong Towers of
Wood faftned upon his back ; as we may
fee exprefly fet down in the fame Chapter
in thefe words ; And upon them were (Iron?
Towers of Wood that covered evert Beaft ,
which were faftned thereon with Inftru-
ments : and upon every one were thirty two
men that fought in them, and the Indian that
ruled him, Verfe 37.

Chap.XIH.

He beareth parted/^
Cheveron, Sable and
Argent, three Elephants
heads erafed , counter-
changed , by the Name
of Saunders , a Family
of good account in Nor-
t hamftonjhire ■ amongft
whom is William Saun-
ders of Brixworth, Efq;
William Saunders of
Welford, Efq; and Ambrose Saunders of Si-
bertoft , Efq; And is alfo born by Thomas
Saunders of Haduam in Buckingham/hire
Efq.

He beareth Or, a
Fefs, Gules, between
three Elephants heads
erafed, Sable, by the
Name of Fwntaine ,
and was the Coar-
Armour of that emi-
nent Lawyer John
Fount aine, Efq; Ser-
jeant at Law,who left
Iflue John Fountaine
of Melton fuper Mon-
tem in the Weft-Riding o{Tork/hire r E{q;

He beareth Sable.on
a Fefs between three
Elephantsheads erafed,
Argent, as many Mul-
lets of the firft, by the
Name ofTratte.When
any part is thus born
with liggs, like pieces
of the fleih or skin,de-
pending.it is termed E-
rafing,ot theLatin word erado,to fcrape or rent
off; or of the French, Arrajher, of the fame
fignification. Thus being the firft place of fach
bearing, I thought good here to obferve that
this Erafing and Couping are the two common
accidents ot parts born. Couping is when a
part is cut off fmooth, as in this next Exam-
ple.

The Field is Pur-
pure , the Probofcide,
Trunk or Snout of an
Elephant in Pale, cou-
ped.flexed, & reflexed,
after the form of a Ro-
man S, Or. Bara,
fag. 147. fcttethdown
this for the Coat of
CyneusKlng of Scythia,
where alio he noteth, That Idomenes King of
Thefah the Son oiTteucalion, did bear Gules,
a Frobojade of an Elephant after this manner
Argent. The Elephant hath great fttengjh

A Difplayof Heraldry.

in this part, and ufeth it for his hand, and aii
other ufes of agility, wherein Nature hath re-,
compencedthe unaptnefs of his legs, which o-
ther Beafts do ufa to fuch ferviccs. The R*
man Hiftories do relate of an Elephant of an
huge greatnefs, carried in a mew about Rome,
which ( as it palled by ) a little boy pried in
his Probofcis ; therewith being enraged , he
caft up the child a great height , but received
him again on his Snout, and laid him down
gently, without any hurt, as if the Ecait had
confidered, that for a childiih fault, a childifh
fright were revenge enough.

Hiitton of Shertc

He beareth Argent, a
Fefs , between 5 Colts
in full fpeed, Sable, by
the Name of Colt, and
is the bearing of Wil-
liam 'Dtitt&n Colt, Efq;
Son of George Colt of
Colt-hall In Sufolh, Efq;
by Elizabeth, Daugh-
ter and Coheir of John
in GloceJlerJbire,]<,{c{.

He beareth Sable, a
Fefs , between three
Horfes paffant, Argen t,
by the name of Stamp.
A Horfe erected boit
upright, may be term-
ed enraged , but his
nobieft action is ex-
preffed in a Saliant
form. This of all
Beafts for mans ufes, is moft noble and 6*4
hoofful, either in Peace or War. And fith his
fervice and courage in the field is fo emi-u n
it may be marvelled, why the Lion lho,"cl
efteemed a more honourable bearing : But cfie
reafon is, becaufe the Horfes fervice and
ft rength is principally by. help of his Rider ;
whereas the Lions is his own: And if the Horfe
be not mounted, he fights averfe, turning his
heels to his Adverfary; but the Lion encoun-
ters affront, which is more manly. It is ob-
ferved of the Horfe ( as alfo of other whole-
footed Beafts) that their Legs are at the firft:
as long as ever they will be : and therefore
young Foals fcratch their ears with their hin-
der foot, which after they cannot do, becaufe
their Legs do grow only in bignefs, but not in
length, -Flirt, lib. 1 i.eap. 48.

The Horfe is a Beaft naturally ftubborn ,
fierce, haughty, proud and infolent; and of
all Beafts there is none that vaunteth more af-
ter vidtory obtained , or dejected if he be
vanquilhed; none more prone in battel, orde-
firousof revenge.

Azure,

1 20

A D/fflay of Heraldry.

Azure ,a Pega&swith
the wings expanded,
Argent. This is the
Coat belonging to the
Honourable Society of
the Inner Temple, be-
ing one of the four
Inns of Court. .

He beareth Gules, a
Horfe-head couped ,
Argent, by the Name
of Mar/he. The neigh-
ing of the Horfe is a
token of his great cou-
rage, as appeareth Job
29. Haft thou given
the Horfe firength, or
covered his neck with
neighing*, whofe fierce-
nefs alfo he Angularly defcribeth thus ; He
fzvalloweth the ground for fiercenefs and rage,
and he believeth not that it is the noife of the
Trumpet. He faith among the Trumpets, Ha,
ha; hefmelleth the battel afar off, and the
noife of the Captains andjhoutings.

He beareth Ermyn,
on a Canton , Sable, a
Horfe-head couped,Ar-
gent, with a Bitt and
Rains, Gules, by the
Name of Brixton.The
undauntable courage
of the Horfe Job in
the forecited Chapter
doth pourtay moft
lively, faying, Haft thou ?nade him afraid as
the Grafhopper ? his ftrong neighing is fear-
ful. He diggeth the valley , and rejoyceth in
his flrength l and goeth forth to meet the har-
nejjedman. Hemocieth at fear, and is not
afraid, andturneth not back from thefword.
Though the quiver rattle againft him, the glit-
tering Spear and the Shield. To govern him,
nolefs needful is the Bitt and Reins fometimes
to hold him in, than is the Spur to put him
forward: And therefore David likens an un-
ruly man to a horfe , which thou muft keep in
-with bitt and bridle, led he fall upon thee.

He beareth Azure,
a Fefs between three
Hones heads couped ,
Argent, by the Name
of Skelton, and is the
Paternal Coat-Armour
of Bevil Skelton Efq;
eldeft fon of SirJo.Ske/-
tou,\xe Lieutenant Go-
vernour of 'Plymouth ,
who was Page of Honor
to his Majefty in his Exile, and now one of the
Grooms of his Bed-chamber, and Captain of a
Company in his Foot Guards.

He beareth Gules, a
Horfes head couped, be-
tween three Crolles Bo-
tony fitchee, Argent,
by the Name oFAlar/be,
and is the Coat-Armour
of Sir Thomas Marjke
of Darks in the Pari ft
of South-Mims in Mid-
dlesex, Kt.

He beareth Argent,
a Fefs , between three
AlTes Palfant, Sable,by

IBT '■ — Tfll the Name of Askewe.
| 11 The Afs is the lively

Emblem of Patience ,
whom therefore our
bleifed Saviour (being
Patience and Humility
it felf) honoured with
his own riding ; which hath made fome to fan-
cy ever (ince that time , that the black line
on the ridge of all Ailes backs , thwarted
with the like over both the moulders, is ftampt
on them as the mark of his Crofs, whereon he
was to fhew his Patience by fuffering for
us.

He beareth A 1 gent,
an Ailes head erafed,Sa-
ble , by the Name of
Hokenhull; and is born
by Richard Hokenhull
of Penton in Cheflnre,
Efquire ; as alfo by
Henry Hokenhull of
Tranmore , and John
Hokenhull of Hokenhull,
both of the faid County, Gentlemen. In the
fecond of the Kings we read that Benhadad ,
King of Aram, did befet the City of Samaria
with his Hoft , and laid fo flrait fiege there-
unto, as that an Affes head (which as it feem-
ethwas reckoned amongft things of leaft e-
fteem ) was valued at fourfcore pieces of Sil-
ver ; which perhaps gave occaficn to the old
Proverb, Afini caput tie laves Nitro, Waft not
an AlTes-head with Niter; which is a matter
white, like Salt, and full of holes as a Spunge ;

where

Chap.XlV.

A Biff lay

of Heraldry.

I 2 1

whereby we are admoniflied not to be beftow
our time, charge, and travel in matters of fmall
momentjand not (as we fay in our Englifh Pro-
verb)make more ado about the broth than the
meat is worth.

He beareth Gules , a
Mule palTant, Argent,
by the Name of Male.
The generation of Mules
feemeth to be the inven-
tion of Anah the fon of
Zibeon : For it is faid,
Gen. 36. This was Anah
that found Mules in the
ivildernefi, as he fed his
Father ZibeonV Affes:who not contented with
thofe kinds of beads which God had created,
found out the monftrous generation of Mules,
between an Afs and a Mare. A Mule depicted
palTant hath his chiefeft grace.

CHAP. XIV.

AFter beafts whole-footed, fucceed thofe
who are cloven-footed , whether into
two parts or more. And firft for thofe
which have their feet divided intotwo parts on-
ly ,they are for the moft part armed with horns,
as the following Examples Ihall illuftrate. And
by the way this muft be noted, That thele
horned beafts, befides that their Members are
born couped and erafedfTike other beafts)have
alfo their heads born trunked ; which of fome
Armorifls are blazoned Cabofed, of the word
Cabo, which in the Spanilh Language doth fig-
nifie a head; which form of blazon giveth us to
underftand, that it is the head 01 fome fuch
beaft, born fole, and of it felf, having no part of
the neck thereto adherent; an accident that fel-
dom befalleth beafts of other kinds,which mod
ufually are born with the neck conjoyned ;
which form or bearing you lhall hereafter fee
in due place.

He beareth Argent,on
a bend, Sable, 5 Calves,
Or,by the Name of Veal.
If thefc Calves live to
wear horns, which differ
either in metal or in co-
lour from the reft of the
body, then muft there be
fpecial mention of fuch
difference in blazoning,
as you lhall fee in the next Example. Tliny
faith, That Nature feemed to fport her felf in
making fuch variety of horns of beafts , as fo
many feveral kinds of weapons,wherewith they
come armed into the field: for in fome fhe hath
made knagged and branched,as in the Red and
Fallow Deer; in other plain and uniform with-
out Tines, as in Spitters, a kind of Stags which

thereupon are called in Latin Subiiloues , and
that their horns are like to the blade of a Shoe-
makers Awl; but of all other, the horns of the
Bull may moft properly be called his Arms,
they being of fo piercing and violent a ftroke ,
as hardly can be refitted.

He beareth Ermyn, a
BullpalTant,Gules,armed
and unguled, Or, by the
Name of BevilL The
Bull is. the ringleader a-
mongft other beafts, and
through hope of his in-
creafe of breed, he is pri-
viledged to range in all
paftures with free ingrefs
and egrefs. The Bull being gelt changeth both
his nature and name, and is called an Ox.

The bearing of a Bull, or the head thereof.is
a note of valour or magnanimity ; where con-
trariwife the bearing of an Ox , or the head
thereof, denoteth faintnefs of courage, as Up-
ton noteth, That their firft bearers were either
gelt perfons, or fuch as had fome notable defeel
in the generative parts , as that thereby they
became altogether unfit for procreation.

He beareth Argent, a
Bull's head erafed, Sable,
by the Name of Carje-
lack. The Bull's head
may fignifie a man enra-
ged with defire of Re-
venge , whom nothing
can fatisfie but the utter
fpoil and ruin of his Ad-
verfary.

The field is Luna , a
Cheveron,Mars,between
three Bull's heads coup-
ed, Saturn, armed, Sol.
This Coat-Armour per-
tained to the Right No-
ble Family of Thomas
Bulleine Lord Hoo and
Hz/?/?/§-j-,Vifcount Roch-
ford , who was created
Earl of Wtkfiare, and of Ormoud, by the re-
nowned King of famous memory, Henry the
Eighth, who married the vertuous and beau-
teous Lady Anne, daughter of the fame Earl ,
and Mother to the molt glorious Queen ElU
zabeth ; the memory of' whofe long , moft
profperous and flounlhing Government, be
blelled and eternized to all future Pofteri-
ties.

122

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Sea.lii.

He beareth Gules , a
Cheveron between J
Bulls heads trunked or
cabofed, Argent, armed
Or , by the Name of
B.iviham. Bara, a good
French Armorift , ufeth
neither of thcle words
at all , but blazoneth it
a Bull's head only ; be-
caufe anv head thus born isunderftood to be fo
cS * nop*" of the neck be appendant to

the{ *™- He beareth Sable, a

Cheveron, Ermyn, be-
tween 3 Bulls heads ca-
bofed, Argent , by the
Name of Sanders of
Charltwood and Ewell
in Surrey, of Iretou in
DeriyJIjire, of Barton^
in Staffordjhire, and of
the City of London;
which Family dwelt at Sanderfted from or be-
fore theConqueft, till Richard de Sander/led,
foil of Sir Leonard d<? Sanderfted,iah\ it to Ro-
bert de -Firle , the eighteenth of Henry the
Third.whofe fon Ralph & inders married
Daughter and Coheir of Sir Roger Solomon of
Horley,Kt. who dwelt at Charltwood,^ here his
Pofterity have continued ever fince, till Ed-
mond Sanders, Efq; dying without Mue, about
the year 1660. Charltwood was fold by his Sl-
Iters. \aHenry the Eighth's Reign Tho.Sanders,
fon of Richard, was the firft of this Family that
fettled in Herbyjbire, of which Family Sir 77m.
Sanders, Remembrancer of the Exchequer m
Edward the. Sixth's time, and Dr. Nich. San-
ders,who wrote T>e Schifmate AnglicauoMc.
and periflied in Ireland, Anno 1 580. his Lite is
in 'Pit's Tie Serif tor. Anglne.

He beareth Azure, a
Bull's head couped, Ar-
gent, winged and arm-
ed, Or, by the Name
of Hoafl , and is the '
Coat-Armour of Mr.
Ttericl- Hoaft of the
City of London, Mer-
chant.

He beareth Gules , a
Coat paffant, Argent, by
the Name of Baier.Thc
Coat is not fo hardy as
politick; therefore that
martial man which ufeth
more policy than valour
in atchieving a Victory,
may very aptly bear for
his' Coat-Armour this
beaft. And now I will fliew unto you one Ex-
ample of the bearing of the head of this beaft
erafed.

He beareth Ermyn, a
Goat's head erafed ,
Gules, attired,Or, by the
Name of Got ley. By this
blazon you may obferve
how you ought to teartn
the horns of a Goat in
Armory, when you find
they differ in metal or
colour from the beaft, or
that particular part 0 r t he beaft which is born.
The Philofophers write t h at t he blood of a
Goat will moilihe tht , Diamond.

He beareth Azure, on
a Fefs counter-bat-
tilee, between 5 Goats
paffant, Argent, as ma-
ny Pellets, by the Name
of Man , and is born by
mil. Man Efq; Sword-

V T Etafc) y bearer to the Lord
Mh#9.< Mayor of the City of

London.

He beareth Gules, a
Cheveron, Ermyn , be-
tween 3 Goats heads e-
rafed, Argent , by the
Name of Marwuod, and
is the Coat-Armour of
Henry Marwood of Lit-
tle Biisby in Torkjliire ,
Efq; fon and heir appa-
rent of Sir George Mar-
wood of the faid place, Bar. which faid Henry
was high Sheriff of the faid County, 167^. is
now one of the Deputy Lieutenants of the
North-Riding,andoneofhis Majefties Juftices
of the Peace of the Weft and North-Ridings
of the faid County.

He beareth Azure,a Fefs
wavy, between j Goats
heads erafed, Argent, by
the Name of Sedley, and
with the Arms of V/ffer,
is the bearing ofSir Char.
Sedley of Southfleet, and
of Sir John Sedley of St.
Clceres in Jghtarn in the
County of K«/t,Baronets.
Snce we are no wcomc to treat of beafts of
the Foreft, I hold it fit to fpeak fomewhat in
my firft entry of their Numbers.Names, Quali-
ties , Royalties, Armings, Footings, Degrees of
Age,&ci according as they are termed of skil-
ful Forefters and Woodmen. And firft of their
kinds.

Of Beafts of the Foreft,fome areSVenery.
Beafts of 2 Chafe.

Hart }

Hind ( As old Woodmen have
Hare > anciently tearmed
Boar I them.

Of Beafts of
Venery there,
are five kinds,
viz.the

Wolf.

Thefe

Chap. XIII.

A D if]) lay of Heraldry.

1 2

The fat of all forts of Deer is called Suet.
Alfo it may be very well faid, This Deer was a
high Deer's Greafe.

(Roe V. (Bevy Greafe
The fat of a) Boar and > ls , term ^

CHare S ed CGreafe.
t Hart Harboureth.
\Buck Lodgeth.

You ihall fay that

\Hare Seateh or Formeth.
/Coney Sitteth.
- Fox Kenneleth.
cDeer p (Broken.
You ihall fay a^Hare vis^Cafed.

/Fox \ t Uncafed.
( Dillodge 1 (Buck.
\Start ( \Hare.
You ihall fay/ Unkennel >the /Fox.

jRowfe ( ^Hart.
(_Bowlt ) (Coney.

Thefe have been accounted properly Wild-
beafts of the Foreft, or Beafts of Venery. Thefe
Beafts are alfocalled Sylv eftre j,/?/ /.Beafts of the
Wood or Foreft, becaufe they do haunt the
Woods more than the Plains.

Proper Names, Seafons, Degrees, and Ages
of Bealts of the Foreft and of Chafe.Wherefore

Hind or Calf.
Brocket.
Spayade.
Staggard.
Stag.
Hart,
mult obferve that

you lhall\ Second/ year you
under- iThird \ihall
ftand ^Fourth( call
that the /Fifth \them
••Sixth J

But here by the way we
fome ancient Writers do report, That in times
paft Forefters were wont to call him a Stag at
the fourth year, and not a Staggard , as we do
now; and at the fifth year they called him a
Great Stag : And fo they were wont to diftin-
guifh his leveral Ages by thefe words.Stag and
great Stag.

The knowledge of the Ordure or Excre-
ments of every Beaft of Venery and Chafe is
necelfary to be obferved; becaufe their Ordures
are a principal note, whereby good Forefters
and Woodmen do know and obferve the place
of their haunt and feeding, and alfo their e-
ftate : And therefore it is a thing highly to be
obferved, for that a Forefter or Woodman, in
making his reports , ihall be conftrained to re-
hearfe the fame.

, r Hart

The Or- i Hare
dure of a |

Boar

Fox and all
. Vermin

termed

TFumets or
I fimaihing
| of all Deer.
^Crottelles

or crotifing

Leffes.

Fiantes.

Tearms of footing or treading of all Beafts
of Venery and Chafe.

(Hart ~) fsiot.

That of a« u . 1 k an i a11 > is £ f rm ") V^w.

JFallow Deerf ed ) Traitor
i Boar ) ( Treading.

That of an Hare is tearmed according to her
feveral Courfes : for when ihe keepeth in plain
fields , and chafeth about to deceive the
Hounds, it is faid ihe Doublelh ; but when ihe
beateth the plain high-way, where you may
yet perceive her footing, it is faid ihe Prick-
eth.

Tearms of the Tayl.

That
of a

Hart

Buck,Roe, or a-
ny other Deer [ ^ i
Boar
Fox

Tayl.
Single.

Wolf

Hare and Co-
ney.

| -a | Wreath.
■» g < Buili , or holy wa-
ter fprinkle.
Stern.
Scut.

rHart or Buck

t, I Roe
03 I Eoar

=5 j Hare or ?

cS < Coney $

g [Fox

>i Wolf

l t>
> to

oethfhL
ithe

j~Rut.
I Tourn.
1 Brym.
]Buck.

Clicketting.
Match, or
his Make,

Tearms excogitated and ufed by Forefters.
Belloweth.
Groaneth.
Belleth.
"K Beateth

Buck

Roe

Hare

% <

and

Coney

Fox

Wolf

or
Tagpeth
Barketh.
Howleth,

(Litter of
You ihall) Cubs,
fay a INeft of

. C Rabbets.

Skilful Forefters and goood Woodmen

Do ufe

Herd
Herd

Bevy
Sounder
Rowt
Riches
Brace
or

Harts.
All manner of Deer.
Roes.
Swine.
Wolves.
I Marternes.

tol ay> a, jLeafe
| Brace
t or
' Leafe
I Brace
I or
Leafe
l.Couple

of J Bucks.

Foxes.

Hares.

.Rabbets or Conies.

Thefe are apt tearms of Hunting, pertaining
both to Beafts of Venery and of Chafe.

Whereas fome men are of opinion, that a
Stag, of what age fbever he be, ihall not be
called a Hart until the King or Queen have
hunted him ; that is not fo : For after the fifth
year of his age, you ihall no more call him a
S 2 ' Stag,

2 4

A Diftlay of Heraldry*

5€C

a.m.

Stag, but a Hart. So then at fix years old he
is called a Hart. Now if the King or Queen
do hunt or chafe him, and he efcape away a-
live, then after fuch hunting or chafing, he is
called a Hart Royal.

Note, That if this Hart be by the King or
Queen fo hunted or chafed, that he be forced
out of the Foreft fo farr , that it is unlike that
he will of himfelf return thitherto again, and
then the King or Queen giveth him over,either
for that he is weary, or becaufe he cannot re-
cover him ; for that fuch a Hart hath fhewed
the King paftime for his delight, and is alfo (as
Eudem noteth ) Eximim Cervtis, a goodly-
Hart ; and for that the King would have him
return to the Foreft again, he caufeth open
Proclamation to be made in all Towns and Vil-
lages near to the place where the fame Hart
fo remaineth , That no manner of perfon or
perfons fliall kill, hurt, hunt or chafe him, but
that he may fafely return to the Foreft again
from whence he came. And then ever after
fuch a Hart is called a Hart Royal proclaim-
ed.

f Hart.

So that there are three) Hart Royal,
forts of Harts, viz. S and (ed.

(Hart Royal proclaim-

A Hind hath thefe Degrees.

Firft ) Q Calf.

Second iYear is called a< Brockets fifter.

Third S CHinde.

Good Forefters have obferved, that when a
Hart hath pad his fixth year, he is generally
to be called a Hart of Tcnne ; and after-
wards according to the increafe of this
Head:

<Crochod,
Whether he be< Palmed, or
C Crowned.

When he breaketh Herd, and draweth to
the Thickets or Coverts , the Forefters or
Woodmen do fay, He taketh his hold.

Forafmuch as it may oitentimes fall out, as
well in Coat-Armours as in Badges, that the
Attires of Deer, both Red and Fallow, may
be born bendy, barry, or otherwife counter-
coloured; I have thought it fit, for the more
apt blazon of them, to annex fuch propriety
oftearms, as the skilfulleft Forefters or
Woodmen do attribute unto their feveral
kinds, fo there may be a fit correfpondence of
Artificial tearms,as We) 1 Woodman-like as Ar-
morial ; adding withal their forms and ihapes
of their feveral Attires , for the better and
readier conceiving of their particular parts ,
and fit application of each particular tearm to
his proper part, by the help of the Alphabeti-
cal Letters that I have for that purpofe annex-
ed to each part.

Skiliull

Chap.XiJI.

Skilfiill Woodmen, defcribing the Head of a
Hart, do call

r a Round Roll next"! TBurr.

the Head
b Main Horn
u c Lowell: Antlier
•5 < dNext above there
j unto

fe Next above that
[f Upper part of all

And in a Buck's head they fay,,

Beam.

Browantliers.
Bezantliers.

Royal.

.Surroyal top.

f c Burr.
. b Beam.
VBraunche.
> f Advancers.
la Palm.
Spellers.

And though every Gentleman is not an Ar-
morift, oraskilfull Woodman, yet it is well-
befeeming men of a generous race to have a
fuperficial skill in either of thefe profeflions ,
forafmuch as they both(efpecialiy the former)
do well befeem the dignity of a Gentleman ;
the one tending to the delight and recreation
of the mind,and the other to the health,folace,
and exercife of the body : that fo in their mu-
tual converfe they may be able to deliver
their minds in fit tearms in either kind, and not
in fpeeches either vulgar or obfolete. For
which caufe I here fet down the tearms ap-
propriated (by skilfull Forefters and Wood-
men) to Beads of Chafe , according to their
feveral Names, Seafons, Degrees, and Ages ,
like as I have formerly done of Beafts of Ve-
nery, as in Example.

Of Beafts of Chafe the Buck is the firft,

ed the

Next to the Buck is the Doe, being account-
ed the fecond Beaft of Chafe,

And isC Firft } CFawn.
term- < Second \. year a ^Prickets filter,
ed the C Third ) £Doe.

The third Beaft of Chafe is a Fox, which al-
beit he be faid to be politick, and of much fub-
tilty, yet is the variety of tearms of a Fox ve-
ry fcarce:

Firft "

rFawn.

Second

Pricket.

Third

1 Sorel.

Fourth

'y eara >ck of

Fifth

the firft

J head.

Sixth

1 Buck, or

great

1 Buck.

^Firft p VQib.
For in the j War, lie is called a <

(Second} (Fox.
Afterwarwards an old Fox, or the like.

The Marterri, or Marton (as fome old Fore-
fters or Woodmen do tearm them) being the
fourth Beaft of Chafe, hath thefe tearms.

He is called the<

CFirft

"Martern Cub;

/>yeara^
'Second J ^Martern.

The fifth and laft Beaft of Chafe is the Roe,
vvhofe proper tearms, pertaining to Chafe , are
thefe :

Firft

» Second /
He is faid JThird I
to be the \ Fourth /> eara <

Fifth

Kid.
Girl.
'Hein ufe.
i Roe-buck of

firft head.
Farr Roe-buck

ths

Thefe Beafts of Chafe do make their abode
J a11 the day time in the Fields, and upon the
j Hills and high Mountains, where they may fee
round about them afar off, for preventing their
! danger : For thefe are more timerous of their
own fafety, than dangerous and harmful to
men. And in the night time, when men be at
reft, and all things quiet, then do they make
their repair to the Corn-fields and Medows for
food and relief ; for which refpecft they are cal-
led Campefiies, becaufe they do haunt the Field
and Champion grounds more than the Woods
and thick Coverts or Thickets , as we do molt
ufually obferve them.

Hebeareth Argent,
on a Mount, Proper, a
Stag lodged, Gules, by
the Name of Hart bill.
The Stag is a goodly
beaft, full of ftate in
his gate and view, and
( amongft Beafts of
Chafe ) reputed the
chief for principal same
and exercife. It is obferved of him , that
finding himfelf fat, he ever lodgeth and fculk-
eth in fecret places to avoid chafing, as know-
ing himfelf worth following and worth fcflj
ling (as was laid of the great Stag at KiUtv?-
■worth) but moft unfit for flying.

126

A 'Difflay of Heraldry.

s c a.

til.

He beareth Sable , a
Stag ftanding at Gaze,
Argent* attired and un-
gated, Or, by the Name
of Jones of Monmottth-
jhire. The Stag which
trft you faw lodged, you
now fee ftandmg, as
liftnitlg to the approach
of any danger. And Na-
ture having denied this beaft other fecunties,
yet hath indued him with two excellent fa-
vours above others; the one, exceeding rcpudk-
nefsof hearing", to foreknow his hazards, and
fo the fooner to prevent them (for whi h
caufe the Stag is amongft the Emblems of. the
fiyeSenfes, reprefenting the Hearing Q the o-
ther exceeding fpeed of foot, to fly Irom the
danger when it approacheth.

He beareth Argent,
a Stagtripping.Proper,
attired and ungulcd,
Or, by the Name of
Holm. The Hart born
in Arms (faith pgtoti)
betokeneth fometimes
one skilful inMufick.or
fuchanone as taketh a
felicity and delight in
harmony : Alfo, a man that is wife and poli-
tick, and well forefecthhis times and oppor-
tunities; a man unwilling to affail the Enemy
raflily, but rather defirous to ftand on his own
guard honeftly, than to annoy another wrong-
fully.

Sable , a Buck trip-
pant, and Chief Inden-
ted, Or. This with the
Arms of Vlfter, is the
Paternal Coat-Armour
of Sir William Humble
of the City of Louden,
and of Stratford in the
Parifli of Weftham in
Effex, Baronet.

He beareth Azure,
a Stag, Argent, with
an Arrow ltuck in the
back, and attired, Or,
by the Name of Bow-
en. This is the Coat-
Armour of George
Bo-wen of Kittlehill
in Glamorganpire ,
Efq; lineally defend-
ed from, and prefent
Heir unto the ancient
Family of the Bowens of Court-houfe in the
Seignioury of Gower in the faid County.

Tins Coat, with the difference of a fecond '
Brother, is born by John Bo-wen ol iwanjey
in the faid County, Efq; ,

He beareth Vert, a
Stag fpringing forwards,
Or, by the Name of
GUf.aud. Tlmy faith,
That horns are fo mol-
lified with wax , whilft
they are yet growing
upon the" heads of the
beafts , that they may
be made capable of fun-
dry impreffions, and are made divifible into
many parts: but Nature needcth not th,s de-
vice, neither can Art form a fafhion of more
ftately decency , than fhe hath done on the
Stae All horns in a manner be hollow, fave
that towards the pointed tip they be fohd
and malflie. Only Deer, both Red and Fal-
low, have them lolid throughout.

Argent, Fretty Vert,
a Stag fpringing for-
wards, Sable, attired,
Or, by the Name of
Warntt of Siijjex.

He beareth Azure,
a Stag in his full courfe,
Or, purfued hotly by a
brace of Dogs,Argent,
all bend-ways and at
random, by the Name
of Tardeley. Though
horns be alligned to
the Stag, Buck, and o-
ther like beafls , for
weapons both offenfive and defenfive ; yet do
they feldom ufe them to thofe ends , being
therein like many Gallants well attired and
armed, but it is more for fnew than for ufe,
when it comes to proof. So David fpeaks of
of fome , who carrying bows turned their
backs ; as having arms, but wanting hearts.
And it may be, the Hart hath his name ( as
Hons d movendo~) for being heartlefs: But
fure it is, that all the Armour in the Tower is
not enough to arm a Daftard's heart.

Chap-XlV.

A Dijjlay of Heraldry.

127

He beareth Vert, a
Fefs between three
Bucks in full courfe,
Or, by the Name of
Robertson. This kind
of Deer is called Cer-
vus Talmatus, for the
refemblance that his
horns have with the
hand and lingers. This
bead repofeth his fafety chiefly in flight,
wherein he is very fwift in cafe of purfuit : his
colour molt commonly fandy , with a black
ftrakc along his back ; their fides and belly
fpottcd with white , which fpots they lofe
through age : their Females are more variable
in colour, as being fometimes all white.

He beareth Vert, on
a Cheveron between
three Bucks tripping,
Or, as many Cinque-
foils, Gules , by the
Name of/?oi£/«/o;2,and
is the Paternal Coat-
Armour oiThomas Ro-
binfon of the Inner-
Temple, London, Efq;
chief Prothonotary of
his Majefties Court of Common Tlca-s; defend-
ed fro.n Nicholas Ro&htfon of Bofion in Lin-
colnjhire, Gent, who lived in the time of King
Henry the Seventh. Although this beaft,as a
Coward , flieth with his weapons ; yet two
times there ar* when he dares turn head on his
foe : the one is when it is for his life, as when
he is chafed out of breath , and his ftrength fo
fpent that he cannot by flight dca.ye,T>efpera-
tiofacit audacem. He is more than a Coward
that will not fight when he fees his cafe defpe-
rate ; and therefore it is a general rule in good
policy, never to put them to the utmoft exi-
gent and extremity , with whom we defire to
prevail , according to the old Englilh Pro-
verb, Compel- a Coward to fight, and he will
kill the Devil : which was the caufe that the
Romans, landing in this Kingdom, burnt their
own Navy, thereby-to enforce the Army to be
refolute, by defpairing of any efcape of return
by Sea again. The other time of the Stag's
courage is for his love, at which time he will
right to the death with his Rival or Hinderer
of his hot defire,

He beareth Azure, 3
Bucks tripping,Or, by
the Name of Green.
The Buck is a worthy
bead, and hath a de-
gree and meafureof all
the properties of the
Stag, but cometh far
fhort of his ftatelinefs
and boldnefs(fer there

are degrees of courage even amongft Cow-
ards.) And Nature hath made his horn rather
broad, for a defenfive buckler.thanfharp.as the
Stags,for the thruft. Their beft quality is, that
they are fociable, and love to keep together in
Herds, which is the property of all harmlefs
and peaceable Creatures, which are of comfort
and courage only in company ; whereas all
beafts and birds of prey are given to wander
folitary, neglecting focieties : And that made
the Philofopher fay, That a folitary and unfo-
ciable man was either a Saint or a Devil.

He beareth Or , a
Cheveron Nebule,Ar-
gent and Azure , be-
tween three Bucks iri
fullcourfe,Vert,by the
Name of Swift , and
is born by Godwin
Swift of Goodridge in
the County of Here-
ford, Efq; one of the
Society of Grays-Inn > defcended from the
Swifts of Torkjhire.

He beareth Argent,
aFefs, Azure, between
three Stagsftanding at
gaze or guardant ,
Gules,by the Name of
Robertfon. Sometimes
the Females, both of
Red and Fallow Deer,
to wit , Hinds and
Does,as well as Stags
and Bucks, are born in Coat-Armour; but fuch
bearing is holden lefs commendable than that
of Males, becaufe Mafculinum dignitts efl Fte-
minim, as Arifiotle witnelTeth, Topic, r . The
Male is ever nobler than the Female. To prove
that Females are born alfo, I have (out of ma-
ny Examples)feledted one of rare bearing,here
next following.

He beareth Sable,
two Hinds counter-
tripping in Fefs , Ar-
gent , bv the Name of
Cottingh.m. Tliny in
his Natural Hifiory,
Lib. 9. writeth, That
among all forts of
teafts, the Males are
more ftomachful, and
of greater courage than the Females,excepting
in Panthers and Bears : and that thofe parts
that Nature hath bellowed upon beafts , to
ferve them (as it were) inftead of weapons, as
teeth, horns, ftings, and other fuch like , fhe
hath given them efpecially unto the Msles, as
to thofe that are both better and ftronger, and
hath left the Females altogether difarmedj
whereof Martial writeth in this manner,

Dcnte

128

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Dcnte iBetw4#M«**# cornua C ervum:
Imbclles 'Darn*, quid nifipredajumus i

The Boars Tufts him p-otelf ; the Hart trufts
to his Horn : j.
We hannlelSarmleJl Hinds for prey are left

forlorn.

He beareth Or, a
Fefs between three
Hinds tripping, Sable,
by the Name ofjekell
or Jelyll, being the
Coat of ' Thomas Jekyll
of Backing in Effex ,
Efq; but refiding at
Deftford in Kent.
ThisCoat is alio an in-
ftance of the alterati-
on of Efcocheons heretofore fometimes made
upon Marriages or the like occafions by Li-
cence, as appears amongft the Evidences of
this Family, and by the Records thereunto re-
lating in the Office of Arms.

He beareth Argent,
3 Stags heads couped,
Sable, by the Name of
Rigmaiden.Some Au-
thors are of opinion,
That the Attires of
Gentlewomens heads
were firft found out
anddevifed by occafi-
on of the fight of the
horns of this bead, becaufe they are feemly to
behold, and do become the bead right-well ;
and thatNature beftowed horns on them,more
for Ornament than AlTault , appears by this,
that they repofe their fafety rather in their
fpeedy footmanlhip, than in the ftrength of
their heads.The Tines of the Stag's head do in-
creafe yearly, until he hath accomplifhed the
full number of feven years, and then decreafe
again.

The Field is Diamond
3 Stags heads trunk-
ed,Or, cabofed, Pearl,
attired, Topaz. This
is the Coat-Armour of
the Right Noble Hen-
ry Duke , Marquefs ,
and Earl of Newcaftle,
Earl of Ogle, Vifcount
MansfieldfiaronOgle ,
Bertram and Bolej-
merepnz of the Gentlemen of his MajefUes
Bed-chamber , and Lords of his moft Ho-
nourable Privy Councel, and Lord Lieutenant
of Northumberland, and Town and County of
Nc^icafile upon Tyne.

This Coat is alio born by the Right Honou-
rable William Earl of Devot/Jhire, Baron Ca-

vendifi of Hardwick , and Lord Lieutenant
of the County of 'Derby.

Gules, three Bucks heads cabofed, Argent,
is born by the Name of TJoyley , and is the
Coat-Armour of Sir William Ti'oyley of St.
Margarets Weftminfter in Middle' ex Son
and Heir of Sir William Ti'oyley of Shotijliam
in Norfolk, Knight and Baronet.

Gules, three Stags heads cabofed ; Or, atti-
red, Argent, is born by the Name of Faldo of
Bedfordshire. For two refpeds I have infertcd
this Coat ; the one in regard that the Attires
are of a different metal from the heads, which
is not ufual ; the other to fhew that Sir John
Ferne,m his Book entituled, The Blazon of
Gentry, pag.zqe. fetteth down for the Armo-
rial Enfigns of this Family, a Coat of Device ,
which lie fuppofeth to have been invented by
fome of the Anceftors thereof : which (as he
faith) was very ancient, yet no Coat of Arms,
as indeed it is not.but a meer fantaftick device;
which being fo , he had done much better to
have exprelied the true Paternal Coat of that
Family, as it is here expreffed, rather than the
adulterate or counterfeit Coat, which neither
relilheth of true Armory , nor yet of any
fliarpnefs of ingenious Device or Invention.

He beareth Gules ,
3 Bucks heads couped,
Or, by the Name of
Deering. The bearing
of the head of any li-
ving thing , betoken-
eth Jurifdidion and
Authority to admini-
fter Juftice, and to ex-
ecute Laws : For the
greateft efteem of the head in Coat- Armour is
in refped of the more noble ufe thereof; for by
it is the whole body governed and direded,
and is called in Latin Caput, Quia capiat omnes
fenfus ; and he that is a Head Jhould be fure to
have all his Senfes about him , as the Head
hath.

He beareth Diamond,
a Chcveron between
three Bucks heads ca-
bofed, Pearl. This is
the bearing of the
Right Honourablei?e-
bert Vifcount Bulkf-
ley of ca/haw in Ire-
land, and refiding at
Barrow-hill near

Beaumarii in the IJle of Angle jet.

Chap.XlV.

A Difplay of Heraldry:

129

He beareth Pearl , a
Eend engrailed, Saphire,
between 2 Bucks heads
cabofed , Diamond, and
is the Paternal Coat-Ar-
mour of the Right Ho-
nourable Thomas Lord
Nc^dham, Vifcount Kil-
mnrrey in the Kingdom
of Ireland.'

He beareth Argent, on
a Fefs Sable, three Stags
heads erafed, Or, by the
the name of Bradford.
Sir John Feme, in Lu-
cie's Nobility, faith,T/W
the head of any Beaft
born erafed, as this is,
is one of the befl manner
of bearings. The heads
of fuch horned Beafls were wont to be held fa-
cred to Apollo and Diana ; perchance becaufe
'Diana fignified the Moon, which is her felf a
horned Creature ; and Apollo, for being a good
Bowman , deferved the horns for his re-
ward.

He beareth Argent,a Che-
veron , between 3 Bucks
heads erafed,Gules,by the
Name of Collingwood ,
and is the Coat-Armour
of Daniel Collingwood
of Brantcn, Northum-
berland, Efquire, Major
to the Queens Troop of
his Ma jetties Guard, Go-
vernour of his Majeftie's
Caftle in Holy Ifland in
the Bifhoprick of Durham, Deputy Lieutenant
of the faid County of Northumberland, and
a Member of Parliament for the Town of Bar-
wick upon Tweed.

Azure, a Bucks head
cabofed, Argent, is the
Paternal CJoat-Armour
of George Legge Efquire,
Governour of Tortf-
mouth , Mafter of the
Horfe to his Royal High-
nefs James Duke of
Tori, Lieutenant of his
MaieftiesForeft of Alce-
holt and Waolmcr in Hant/ljire , and one of
the Deputy Lieutenants of the faid County ,
Commander of his Majefties Ship the Royal
Katherine, and one of the principal Officers
of his Majefties Ordnance.

Of all the parts or members of Beafts,Birds,
or other living things, the bearing of the head
(next to the whole bearing ) is reckoned moft

honourable, for that it fignifieth that the own-
er of fuch Coat-Armour ieared not to (land to
the face of his Enemy. .

Argent , a Bucks head cabofed, Gules , is
born by the name of Trye.

He beareth Sable , a
Bucks head cabofed , be-
tween two flanches , Or,
by the name of Tarker,
and is the Coat of Henry
'Barker of Honivgton in
Warwickfljire, Efquire ,
as alfo of Ed-ward Tar-
ker of Tlimpton St. Ma-
ries in Devonjliire , E-
fquire. This Coat-Armour feemeth to have
fomecongruity with the name of the Bearer,
it being a name borrowed from the Office ,
which it is probable the firft Anceftor of this
family held, viz. a Park-keeper, which in old
Englifh was called Tarker, who by Office hath
the charge of the Beaft whofe head is born in
this Efcocheon.

He beareth Argent,
three Rain-Deers heads,
trucked or cabofed, Sa-
ble , by the Name of
Bowet. If you lliould
have occafion to make
mention of the horns of
any fort of Deer, by rea-
fon that they be of a dif-
ferent Metal or Colour
from their Bodies , you muft tearm them At-
tired. If upon like occafion you iliall fpeak
of their Claws, you muft fay they be Unguled,
of the Latin word Oug «/^,which fignifieth the
Hoof or Claws of a Beaft.

He beareth Sable , a
Cheveron between three
Attires of a Stag, fixed
to the Scalp, Argent, by
the Name of Cocks. This
Coat, with the Arms of
ZJlfter , is born by Sir
Richard Cocks of Dun-
bleton in Glocejferfljire,
Baronet : And without
the Arms of ZJlfter, by Sir John Cocks of Nor-
they in Glocefterfiire, Kt. And by Thomas
Cocks of Caftle-ditcb in Herefordshire, Efquire.
The Stag doth mew his head every year,unlefs
he be caltrated or gelt whilft his head is in his
prime : For in fuch cafe he never meweth his
head, neither doth his Beam burr, or Tynes
augment, or diminifh any more, but continue
ftill in the fame ftate wherein they were at the
time of his Caftration.

Forefters and Hunters do call this yearly
mewing of their heads the Beauty of their

T wad.

130

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

Sea.III.

Wildnefs , and not the Mewing of their I
Horns as the Latinifts do tearm it. j

Thefe having mewed their heads, do be-
take themfelves to the thick Brakes and Co-
verts to hide them, as well knowing they are
difarmed of their natural weapons ; and there-
fore do never willingly fhew themfelves a-
broad in the day time, until the Spring that
they begin to bud and burgeon toward their
renovation of force.

Horns do betoken Strength and Fortitude ,
inafmuch as God hath bellowed them upon
Beads to be unto them Inftruments or Wea-
pons, as well offenfive as defeafive ; as we may
probably gather bv that which is lpoken by
the Prophet 'David, Tfal. 7J. >z. All the
horns of the ungodly will I breakout the horns
of the righteous Jball be exalted.

This Field is Sol,three
Attires of a Stag , I orn
Paly,Barry,Saturn. This
Coat- Armour pertaineth
to the Renowned Fami-
ly of the moft High, Pu-
iifant, and Noble Prince
Frederick , late Duke of
Wirtemberge ',and of Tec,
Count of Mountbeliard,
Lord of Bevdenheib, &c. and Knight of the
moft Noble "Order of the Garter. The Stags,
having caft their horns, do skulk in fecret and
defolate places, becaufe they find themfelves
difarmed and deftitute of their former ftrength,
which maketh them more careful of their i'afe-
ty, as JEliautts noteth.

He beareth Argent, an
Unicorn Seiant , Sable ,
Armed and Unguled,Or,
by the Name of Hur-
ling. The Unicorn hath
his nama of his one horn
on his forehead. There
is another Beaft of a huge
ftrength and greatnefs ,
which hath but one
horn , but that is growing on his Snout ,
whence he is called Rmoceros, and both are
named Monoceros , or One-homed, It hath
been much queftioned amongft Naturalifts,
which it is that is properly called the Uni-
corn : and fomc have made doubt whether
there be any fuch Beaft as this, or no. But
the great efteem of his horn ( in many pla-
ces to be feen ) may take away that needlefs
icruple.

He beareth Gules , an
Unicorn tripping , Ar-
gent, Armed and Llngu-
led, Or , by the Name
of Mufterton. Touch-
ing the invincible Na-
ture of this Beaft, Job
faith, Wilt thou truft
him becaufe his ftrength
is great , and caft thy
labour unto him t Wilt thou believe h~im , that
he will bring home thy feed , and gather it
into thy Barn ? And his Vertue is no lefs fa-
moufed than his Strength, in that his horn is
fuppofed to be the moft powerful Antidote a-
gainft Poifon : Infomuch as the general con-
ceit is, That the wild Beafts of the Wilder-
nefs ufe not to drink of the Pools, for fear of
venomous Serpents there breeding, before the
Unicorn hath ftirred it with his horn. How-
foever it be, this Charge may very well be a
reprefentation both of ftrength or courage ,
andalfoof vertuous difpofitions and ability to
do good ; for to have ftrength of body without
the gifts and good qualities of the mind, is but
the property of an Ox, but where both con-
cur, that may truly be called manlinefs. And
that thefe two fhould confort together , the
Ancients did fignifie, when they made this one
word, Virtus, to imply both the ftrength of
body, and vertue of the mind.

He beareth Sable,
three Unicorns in Pale,
current, Argent, Armed,
Or, by the Name of
Farrington. It feemeth
by a queftion moved by
Farnefius, That the U-
nicorn is never taken a-
live ; and the reafon be-
ing demanded, it is an-
fwered, That the greatnefs of his mind is
fuch, that he chufeth rather to die than to be
taken alive : wherein (faith he) the Unicorn
and the valiant minded Souldier are alike ,
which both contemn death, and rather than
they will be compelled to undergo any bafe
fervitude or bondage , they will lofe their
lives.

He beareth Gules , j
Unicors heads , couped,
Argent, by the Name of
Shelly. The Unicorn
is an untamable Beaft
by nature, as may be ga-
thered by the words of
Job, chap. 39. Will the
Vnicom ferve thee, or
will he tarry by thy crib 7 .
Caufl thou bind the ZJnicorn with his band to
labour in the furrow, or will he plough the

valleys after thee 1

Chap.XIV.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

I 2 I

Hebeareth Argent, a
Cheveron, Ermyns, be-
tween three Unicorns
heads couped, Sable, by
the Name of Head, and
is the Coat-Armour of
Sir Richard Head of the
City of Rochefler in
Kent, Baronet.

He beareth Sable , a
Camel pafl'ant, Argent,
by the Name of Camel.
ThisCoat-Armour fland-
eth in Bury - Tomeroy
Church in the County of
Devon. This Bead far
furpafleth the Horfe in
fwiftnefs in travel , to
whom he is a hateful E-
After all thefe cloven footed Beads , I
will add one more, no way inferiour in fto-
mack and abfolute refolution to any of the for-
mer.

nemy.

He beareth Argent, a
Boar pa(Tant,Gules,Arm-
ed,Or, by the Name of
Trewarthen. The Boar,
though he wanteth
horns, is no way defe-
ctive in his Armour ; nay
he is beyond thofe for-
merly exemplified, and
is counted the mod ab-
folute Champion amongd Beads, for that he
hath both weapons to wound his foe, which
are his drong and fliarp Tusks, and alfo his
Target to defend himfelf; for which he ufeth
often to rub his Ihoulders and fides againd
Trees , thereby to harden them againd the
ftroke of his Adverfary : And the fliield of a
Boar well managed, is a good buckler againd
that cruel Enemy called Hunger.

He beareth Argent ,
3 Boars heads couped,
Sable, Armed,Or, by the
Name of Cradoci. The
Boar is fo cruel and flo-
mackful in his fight, that
he foameth all the while
for rage ; and againd the
time of any encounter he
often whetteth his Tusks
to make them trie more piercing. The Boar
hath been much honoured by being the Creft
of an Earl, which feemeth to be given to the
Houfe of Verc, becaufe Verres is the Name of
a Boar in Latin.

of good Antiquity

He beareth Gules , a
Cheveron between three
Boars heads couped ( Ar-
gent , Armed , Or , by
the Name of White, and
is thus born by Sir JVf-
pheu White Kt. formerly
of the City of London,
and now of the Parifh of
Hackney in Middlefex ,
defended from a Family
Norfolk.

The bearing of the Boar in Arms betoken-
eth a man of a bold fpirit, skilful, politick in
Warlike feats, and one of that high refolution,
that he will rather die valoroufly in tlie field ,
than he will fecure himfelf by ignominious
flight. He is called in Latin Aper ( according
to Fame fins') ab affcritate, becaufe he is lo
iharp and fierce in conflict with his foe. And
this is a fpecial property in a Souldier , that he
be fierce in the encountring his Enemie , and
he bear the ihock or brunt of the conflict with a
noble and magnanimous Courage ; . Miles c-
nim dura e> afperaperfringit anirni @) virium
robore.

He beareth Topaz, %
Boars heads erected and
erafed, Diamond, Arm-
ed, Topaz. This is the
bearing cf the Right
Honorable George Booth,
Baron Tie lamer, ofDuv-
ham-Majfey in Chefhire :
from whbfe Family is dc-
fcended Sir Rob. Booth
of Salford in Lane Or
Jlnre Kt. now Lord Chief Juflice of his Maje-
dies Court of Common Tie as in Ireland, and
one of his mod Honourable Privy Council for
the faid Kingdom , Grandchild of Humphrey
Booth of Salford aforefaid, Efq; who in his
life time erected a Chappel there , and endow-
ed it with a liberal Maintenance ; as alfo left to
the poor of the faid Parifli 20 (. per Annum for
their relief.

This Coat with a due difference appertain-
ed to Richard Booth of the City of London ;
Efq; who defcended from the Booths of Wit-
ton in War-jjickjloire , where the faid Family
have been feated four Generations. Here thofe
which are young Students in Armory may
learn to be careful in obferving the manner of
the pofition of the Charge of the Field, by
comparing thefe two lad Coat- Armours toge-
ther, admitting that they neither of them dif-
fer in Metal nor Colour, and that the Boars
heads in both Efcocheons were couped or era-
fed ; yet the very manner of the pofition of
them were diffident difference to vary one
Coat- Armour from the other.

T 2 Gules;

1 3

A Difflay of Heraldry.

SeS.Ill.

Gules, on a Bend, Er-
minois , between two
Cottizes , Or , 3 Boars
heads couped , Argent ,
by the Name of Edg-
cotnbe, and is the pater-
nal Coat-Armour ot Sir
Richard Edgcombe of
Mount-Edgcombe in T)e-
vonjlnre, Knight of the
Bath.

He beareth Azure, 3
Cups, Or, out of each a
Boars head erected, Ar-
gent , by the Name of
Bowles. This with the
Arms of Ulster is the
Coat - Armour of Sir
"John Bowles of Scramp-
ton in Lincolnshire, Ba-
ronet.

This Coat is alfo born by Sir William
Bowles of St. James Clarkenwell in Middle-
[ex, Kt. one of the Gentlemen of his Majeftie's
Privy Chamber in Ordinary.

He beareth Azure, a
Cheveron between fix
Rams accofted counter-
tripping, two, two, and
two , by the Name of
Harman of Rendlefliam
in the County of Suffolk.
The chiefeft ftrength of
the Ram confifteth in his
head.

He beareth Azure, a
Toifon d'Or within a
bordure of Scotland.
This with the Arms of
Ulfter is the Paternal
Coat- Armour of Sir Ro-
bert Jafon of Broad So-
merford in the County
of Wilts, Baronet.

He beareth Gules ,
three holy Lambs, ftaff,
crofs and banner, Ar-
gent , by the Name of
Rowe of Lamerton in
the County of Devon.
The holy Lamb is a ty-
pical reprefentation of
our bleffed Saviour, who
is underftood by divers
to be that Lamb mentioned in the Afocalyfs
of Saint John : And all the Chriftian Churches

acknowledge him for the Lamb 0/ God that ta-
knh away 1 be fins of the world. This kind of
bearing may well befit a brave refolute Spirit,
who undertakes a war for ChritVs caufe.

He beareth Sable , a
Cheveron between three
Rams heads couped, Ar-
gent, by the Name of
Ramsey of Bitcbam in
the County of Bucking-
ham , of which Family
was Adam Ramfey, En-
quire for the body to
Ring Richard the Se-
cond. The Ram is the Captain of the whole
flock. I fhall not need to mention the great
profit that is brought to this Kingdom by the
Winter-Garment of this beaft.

CHAP. XV.

Hitherto of fuch beads as we call_ Anima-
lia bifitlca, which have their feet part-
ed only into two Claws : The next part
of our Diftribution containeth thofe which are
called Multifida , which have many Claws ;
of which fort are not only Lions,Bears, Wolves,
and others of fierce and ravenous kind , that
live by prey and fpoil ; but fuch alfo as are of
timorous nature, whofe chiefeft fafety confift-
eth rather in fwiftnefs of foot, than in any o-
ther means, as Foxes, Hares , Conies, and o-
thers of lefs harmful kind , whereof I will
give particular Examples : But firft I will offer
unto your heedful Obfervation certain Notes ,
as well of general as of particular ufe, concern-
ing beafts of this kind ; not forgetting (by the
way ) fuch Rules and Obfervations as have
been already commended to your regard , that
efpecially touching mixt bearing of Ordinaries
and common Charges, which muft ferve for a
Regular Direction throughout our whole
Work. And in delivery of thefe Obfervati-
ons and Examples, I hold it fit to begin with
beafts of fierce nature , and firft with the Lion,
reckoned the King of beafts ; Tlignioribus e-
fiim digniora loca [tint danda, Higheft perfon
highelt place.

Some French Armorifts are of opinion,That
the Lion fhould never be madeGuardant,or full-
faced, affirming that to be proper to the Leo-
pard, wherein they offer great indignity to that
royal beaft, in that they will not admit him
(faith Upton) tofhewhis full face, the fight
whereof doth terrifie and aftonifh all the beafts
of the field , and wherein confifteth his chiefeft
Majefty, and therefore may not be denied that
Prerogative, Quia omnia Animalia debent de-
fingi & defiguari in fuo ferociori aSfu, ex illis
emm atlibus niagis vigorem [mm oftendunt.

All

Chap. XV.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

All bealls fliould be fer. forth in their mod ge-
nerous action s tor therein they fliew their
chiefeft vigour. As concerning the true Note
whereby the Leopard is diflinguilhed from the
Lion, Upton lib. de Armis wnteth thus , Cog-
no\atur Leopardus a Leone, quia Leopardu:
ubique depingitnr habens naturahter maculas
ntgras, cumgrojfo capite, & eft Annual fl a-
r.ttm non hifpidum : Leo verb habet unnm colo-
rem continuum, cumpetlore hijpido,cum cert is
jubu in cauda. The Leopard is portrayed
with black fpots , and a great head , and no
where ihaggy ; whereas the Lion is one colour,
lhaggy brealted, with a certain tuft of hair in
his tram. So that it is evident that the Leo-
pard is notably diftinguifh'd both in fliape and
colour, and not by his full-faced Countenance,
as they dream. "Moreover Upton faith, That
he hath often obferved Leopards born by di-
vers Noblemen, as well half-faced as guard-
ant.

It is obferved that the generous nature of the
Lion is difcerned by his plentiful lhaggy locks
that do cover his neck and fhoulders, which are
infallible tokens of his noble Courage, efpeci-
ally if thofe his locks be crifped and curled, and
ihort withal. Such Lions were thofe whereof
Saint Hierom mzketh mention, In vitaTanli
EtremitiC, hying,Talia in anima volvente,ecce
duo Leoues ex interiom Eremi parte curren-
ts , ■volantibm per colla jubu ferebantur :
Two Lions came running with their lhaggy
locks wavering about their flioulders. _ More-
over the thicknefs of the Lion's mane is a te-
ftimony of his generous birth, and by the fame
he is diflinguilhed from the degenerate and ba-
ftard race of Leopards begotten between the
adulterous Lionels and the Parde, which are
naturally deprived of this noble mark ,• and not
only fo, but they are alfo bereft of that bold
and invincible Courage that the generous fort
of Lions have. For thefe refpedts the degene-
rate brood of Lions are called in Latin,fo£f lie s
Leone. c,that is, Heartlefs and Cowardly Lions;
whereas the true Lion is termed in Latin, Ge-
nerdfus Leb, quiagenerofum eft quod d natura
fua nou degeneravit ; That is generous which
"degenerateth not from his kind : by which rea-
fon a man of Noble Defcent, and Ignoble Con-
ditions, is not truly generous, becaufe he de-
generateth from the Vermes of his Ance-
ltors.

Lions, Bears, Wolves, and other beafts of
ravening kind, when they are born in Arms
feeding, you muft tearm them in blazon Ra-
ping, and tell whereon. To all beafts of prey
Nature hath aftigned teeth and talons of crook-
ed foape, and therewithal of great iharpnefs,
to the end they may ftrongly feize upon and
detain their prey , and fpeedily rend and di-
vide the fame. And therefore in blazoning of
beafts of this kind , you muft not omit to men-
tion their teeth and tallons , which are their
only Armour ; for by them they arc diftinguifli-

ed from thofe tame and harmlefs beafts , that
have their teeth knocked out, and their nails
pared fo near to the quick, as that they can
neither bite nor fcratch with much harm.
Thofe teeth and tallons are for the moft part in
Coat- Armours made of a different colour from
the bodies of the beafts ; and therefore in bla-
zoning of beafts of this kind, when you fpeak
of their teeth or tallons, you mall fay they are
thus or thus Armed. So likewife if you pleafe
to fpeak of their tongues, you ihall fay they are
thus or thus Langued.

To bear a Lion or whatfoever Animal in a
diverle colour from his kindly or natural co-
lour, as to bear a blue, green, red, purple Li-
on, Bear, &c. or whatfoever other colour dif-
ferent from that which is natural unto him , is
not a bearing reproachful, though difagreeing
to his Nature, if we confider of the occafion
of their primary conftitution ; Jor that the
cuftome of fuch bearing feemeth to have pro-
ceeded from eminent perfons , who habiting
themfelves either for their fports of Hunting ,
or for Military Services ( as beft fitted their
phantafies) would withal fute their Armours
and Habiliments with colours anfwerable to
their habits, with the fhapes and portraitures
of forged and counterfeit Animals.

Or elfe perhaps by occafion of fome civil
tumults, as that between the Gnelphi and the
Gibelivi in Italy, they perhaps of each faction
bearing Lions, Bears , and Wolves , or other
Animals , to avoid confufion, and to the end
the one of them fhould not be entrapped by
the other of the contrary faction, when they
were intermixed one with another, and that
their valorous actions might be more particu-
larly difcerned from the other,they diftinguiih-
ed themfelves by different and unlike coloured
Garments, that fo each Governour and Leader
might know thofe that were of his own facti-
on.

The like may we obferve to have been of
late years ufed among our felves, when private
factions have fprung amongft us ; one fort was
known from others of the contrary faction by
a Carnation Ribond worn about, or in his Hat ;
or by a Crimfon Feather, or other thing : the
contrary faction wearing like thing , but in a 1
different colour or fafhion.

The Lion (faith Upton) faffing thorow ftotiy
places, doth contract his Tallons within his
fieJJj, and fo walketh on his feet as if he had
no Tallons at all, keeping them exceeding
choicely, leff he jhould dull and blunt their
Jljarpnefs , and fo become lefs able to at-
tach and rend his prey. And this property
feemeth not to be peculiar to a Lion, but com-
mon to all beafts of rapine ; as Tliuy afcribeth
the fame property to Leopards, Panthers, and
fuch other, as well as to the Lion.

Not only Lions, but alfo all other beafts of
ravenous kind (according to Bekenhawf) do
bring forth their voung in fome part defective;

J 34

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

Seft. I li-

as Lions do produce their Whelps dead , Dogs
bring them forth blind , Bears deiormed and
(hapejefs, &c, For Nature would not that they
ihould anain perfection in the womb, in regard
of the fafety of their Dam, left in their pro-
dudHon they mould fpoil and rent her womb by
their teeth and tallons.

Other more particular Rules there are con-
cerning the divers kinds and peculiar actions of
beaftsof Rapine, which lhall follow m their
more convenient places. In the mean time ,
let us proceed to Examples that may give life
and approbation to thole premifed Rules; Tra-
cepta enim quautumvis bona ® coricimia, mor-
tua (nut, ntfi ipfe auditor varus exemplis ea
percipiat ; 'Good and fit Precepts are but dead,
unlefs Examples give them life : Of which O-
pinion was Leo the Tenth, when he faid,

Tins valeut exempla qudm pracepta,
Et melius' docemur vita quam verbo.

Examples are more forcible than Trecepts,
And our lives teach mure than our words.

Hebeareth Jupiter, a
Lion dormant, Sol. The
Hebrew Rabbies ( faith
Leigli) writing upon the
fecond of Numbers, do
aflign to the Tribe of Ju-
dah a Lion after this
manner, alluding belike
unto that bleffing that
Jacob (a little before his
death) did pronounce upon Judah, faying, He
Jiall lie down and couch as a Lion ; who dares
flir him up ? Wherein one noteth, That Jacob
feemeth to allude to that diminution, which
happened at fuch time as the more part of the
people of that Tribe did fall away unto Jerobo-
am ; Tunc enim ([faith he) Rex Judee Jlmilis
effe cafit Leoi/i dormienti ; neque enim erefiis
jubis timorcm fuum late effudit, fed quodam-
modo accubuit in fpeliinca. Latuit tamen qu/e-
dam occulta virtus fid illo fopore, iSc. The
King of Judah was then like a fleeping Lion ,
which did not fhew his rage with his erected
Shag; but did as it were lurk in his Den,
yet lb as he loft not his ftrength in his fleep ,
neither durft any the mod adventurous to roufe
him. This may be true of the King of Ju-
dah , but furely the Lion of the Tribe of Ju-
dah doth neither /lumber nor fleep , though he
feemeth to fleep ; neither doth their vengeance
fleep who dare provoke him. It is reported that
the Lion fleepeth with his eyes open ; fo fhould
Governoursdo, whofe Vigilancy fhould fhew
it felf when others are moft at reft and fe-
cure.

He beareth Or, a Li-
on couchant, Sable. The
Lion couching after this
manner, mull not be
deemed to have been
compelled thereunto,but
that he hath fo fettled
himfelf of his own ac-
cord; for it is contrary
to his magnanimous na-
ture to couch by any chaftifement , or to be
corrected in himfelf; but if a Whelp, or fome
other beaft be beaten or chaftifed in his fight ,
he thereupon humbleth himfelf after this man-
ner : But as touching himfelf he mull be over-
come with gentlencfs, and fo is he eafieft won.
Generofus enim animus facilius ducitiir qudm
trahitur ; The generous mind you may eafier
lead than draw. So when the Children of
Princes offend, their Pages are whipt before
them : And the Perfians , if a Nobleman of-
fend, brought forth his Garment and beat it
with wands.

He beareth Gules , a
Lion Seiant , Argent.
Though this form and
gefture hath affinity
with the former, yet the
difference is eafie to be
obferved, by comparing
the manner of their re-
pofing : And in thefe
kinds of varieties of ge-
ftures , you may obferve, that by degrees and
fteps I proceed from the moft quiet to the moft
fierce gefture and action.

The Field is Mars, a
Lion paffant, Guardant,
Sol. This was the Coat-
Armour of William D.
of Aquitaine , and of
Gwyan, one of the Peers
of France, whofe daugh-
ter and heir, named E-
leanor, was married to
Henry the fecond , King
of England; by reafon of which Match the
Field and Charge being of the fame colour and
metal that the then Royal Enfigns of this
Land were, and this Lion of the like action
that thofe were of, this Lion was united with
thofe two Lions in one Shield : Since which
time the Kings of England have born three
Lions paffant, Guardant, as hereafter fhall ap-
pear.

Sol, a Lion paffant, Guardant , Mars , was
born by Brutus, Son of Silvius Toft humus ,
who coming out of Italy with the remnant of
the Trojans found out this Ifland of Great
Britain, and reigned four and twenty years

Chap.XV.

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

135

He beareth Pearl , a
ion paflant guardant,
by , gorged with a
Ducal-crown , Topaz ,
y^x 1 and charged on the
\y\' moulder with a Mullet

by the Name oiOgilby ,
an honourable & fpread-
ing Family in Scotland ,
the chief of which are
the Right Honourable
James Earl of Airly, Eltght , and Gle/itra-
hen, a perfon ever loyal to the Crown, and was
always concerned with the Earl of ' Montr oft in
his loyal Undertakings ; once being taken pri-
foner,' he was to have been beheaded in Scot-
land, but by a fortunate efcape the night be-
fore was preferved to do his Majefty more fer-
vice. He was long a prifoner in the Tower of
London, and after his releafement did again
engage himfelf in his Majefties fervice at Wor-
cester , and in the North . His brother, Sir Da-
vid, at Worcefler fight was taken prifoner,and
fent up to London ; and Sir George his other
brother, was killed in the Aclions of Montr 0 p.
Of this Family are the Right Honourable the
Earl of Finlator, the Right Honourable the
Lord OgMy, Baron of Bamfe , with feveral
£.ni a hts and Gentlemen : Amongft which is
Michael OgMy, now Rector of Bideford in
Devonjlrire, and Chaplain in Ordinary to his
Majefty King Charles the Second, whofe Grand-
father, Sir Michael Ogilby, was a near Rela-
tion to the Earl of Airly.

He beareth Saphire, a
Lion pafTant, guardant,
between three Flower de
Lis, Pearl. This is the
Coat - Armour of the
Right Honourable Dud-
ley North , Baron of
Cart hley, Sec. whofe fe-
cond Son , Sir Francis
North Kt. is Lord Chief
Juftice of his Majefties
Court of Commou-Tleas.

, He beareth Azure, a
Lion pafTant, guardant,
between three Pheons,
Or, by the Name of
Wolslonholme , and is
the Coat - Armour of
Sir Tho. Wolftonholme
of Wtnchenden in the
PariOi of Edmonton in
Mddlefex fiironet.

He beareth Gu!cs,on
a Fefs Ermyn, between
three Annulets, Or, a
Lion pafTant, Azure, by
the Name of Zjndcr-
wood , and is born by
Edward ZJndcrwood
of the City of London,
Gent.

Ermyn, a Saltier en-
grailed , Gules, on a
chief of the Second a
Lionpaffant guardant,
Or, by the Name of
Armine , and is the
Coat-Armour of Evers
Armine of Osgodby in
Lincolnjhire, Efq,

Sable,} Piles,Argent,on
a Chief of the Second,
a Lion pafTant, Gules,
by the Name of Hacket,
and is born by Sir An-
drew Hacket of Mux-
hull in Warwickshire,
Kt. one of the Matters
of the high and honou-
rable Court of Chance-
ry.

Or, a Lion pafTant,
Sable , in Chief three
Roman Piles of the Se-
cond. This was the
Paternal Coat-Armour
of "John Loggan f alias
Zogo«,an Englifh Com-
mander, by whofe Va-
lour and Conduct the
Scots (_ then Matters of
the Northern part of
Ireland^) were in Anno
1 3 17. temps Edward the Second, beaten out
of the Province of ZJlfter. Sir Allen Stew-
art their General,took prifoner,aid brought to
Dublin,\vho for his Ranfom gave his daughter,
with feveral Lands in Scotland, to his Conque-
rorsSon,from whom came Sir Robert Loggan,
who was Admiral of Scotland, Anno 1400.,
and from thence the Loggans of Refialrtge in
Scotland, now of Jdbury in Oxford/hire, and
of Baffetsbury in Buckingham/hire are lineally
defcended.

I 36

A I) iff lay of Heraldry.

Seft. 111.

G> 0 © ©
0 ©

He beareth Sable, ten
Plates! four, three, two,
and one, on a Chief, Ar-
gent, a Lion paiTant of
the field , by the Name
of Bridgeman.This with
the Arms of Ulfter is
the Coat- Armour of Sir
JchnBridgeman of Caftle
Bromwich in Warwickr
/hire, Baronet, eldcft Son
of the Right Honourable Sir Orlando Bridge-
man of Great Leaver in Lancajjire, Knight
and Baronet, deceafed , late Lord Keeper of
the Great Seal of England '.

He beareth Or, two
Barrs Azure, in Chief a
Lion paffant of the Se-
cond , crowned of the
Firft , by the Name of
Gregory find is the Coat-
Armour of John Grego-
ry of St. Margarets
Wetfminfter in Middle-
fex, Gent, defcendcd
from the Gregories of
Laftingham in TorkJInre ; from whence the
Predecelfors of the faid John \ about the year
iczy.) removed to Eaff-fioMwth in Lincoln-
fl'ire, where they continued until thence ex-
celled by the Calamities of the Wars, through
the Loyalty of his Father Lieutenant Colonel
William Gregory, and his two elder Brethren
Hi III am ml Gilbert,

He beareth Or, on a
Chief, Gules, a Lion of
England, by the Name
of Tilns, and is the
Paternal Coat-Armour
of Colonel Silas Tims
of Bujhy'm Hertford-
fljire , one of the
Grooms of his Maje-
fties Bed-chamber, ckc.

Argent , two Lions
paffant, guardant, A-
zure, by the Name of
Hunmer. This with
the Arms of ZJlfter is
the bearing of SitTho-
mas Hanmer of Han-
mer and Betttsfield in
Flint flure, Baronet,de-
fcnded by many
Knights from Sir John
de Hanmer, who lived
in the Reign of Edward the Firft. Cambden
in his Britannia mentioning Hanmer Town ,
liath thefe words, Unde clara fane S anti-

ma qua ibi habitat f ami li a cognomen ajfuutffi.

Or, two Lions paiTant, guardant, Gules, is
the Coat of the Right Honourable Sir William
T)ua of Tort-worth in GlocetferJIjire, Knight
of the Bath and Baronet, now Vifcount Down
in Ireland.

Gules, two Lions paffant,guardant, Argent,
by the Name of L'Eftrat/ge, a Family ot good
antiquity, of which is Sir Nicholas L'EJlrange
of Hunftanton in Norfolk Baronet, and Roger
L'Eftrange of St. Giles's in the Fields m Mid-
dlesex, Elquire.

Gules, two Lions paffant.guardant, Or, was
the Coat-Armour of William Duke of Nor-
mandy, bafeSonof Robert Duke of Norman-
dy, who in Anno 1066. having ilain King Ha-
rold in Battel, feized the Kingdom, and reign-
ed almoft One and twenty years, lince which
time his Heirs have happily enjoyed his Crown
and Dignity.

He beareth Gules,
two Lions paflantwith-
in a Bordure engrail-
ed , Argent , by the
Name of Strange, and
is born by Jo. Strange
of the City of London,
Gent.

He beareth Argent ,
three Lioncels pallant,
guardant in Pale barr-
vvays , langued and
armed, Gules. This
Coat-Armour pertain-
ed to that worthy Gen-
tleman Sir John Bro-
grave, Kt. fometimes
Attorney General of
the Dutchy of Lancaster. In the blazoning
of Arms confifting of more Lions in a Field
than one, you mud tearm them Lioncels (ac-
cording to Leigli) which is as much to fay, as
fo many y oung or petite Lions. The reafon of
this Rule I take to be this , That inafmuch as
the Lion hath a Prerogative Royal over all
Beafts,and cannot endure that any other fhould
participate of the Field with him, Quia Trin-
cijies nolunt fares, Princes will admit no fel-
lows to the impeachment of their Sovereign-
ty ; therefore the bearing of divers Lions in one
Field muft be underftood of Lions whelps ,
which as yet have not fo great feeling of their
own ftrength, or inbred noble courage, nor ap-
prehenfion of their ingenerated Royal Sove-
reignty over all Beafts, as Lions have. But Leo-
nes adnlti participationem non admmittere (0-
lent, when they are of years they will know
their own worth. Note that this Rule muft

Chap.XV.

A D iff lay of Heraldry.

be underflood with a certain limitation in ibme
particular cafes, Quia non eft regula adeb ge-
neralu, quin admit tit exceptionem in Jtto par-
ticulari : For this Rule holdeth not in the So-
vereign's Enfigns, where thefe beads are faid
to be Lions, propter dignitatem Regie Maje-
flatu: Next this Rule hath no place in Coat-
Armours , wherein any of the honourable Or-
dinaries are interpofed between thefe beafts :
For by fuch niter fofit ions of thefe Ordinaries
(faith Leigh') everyone of them is reckoned to
be of as great dignity, as if he were bom di-
videdly in Jo many feveral Efcocheons, and
that in refpecl of the Sovereignty of the Ordi-
nary fo interpojed ; for which caufe they have
the Title of moft worthy partitions. And fo
fhall you reckon of all other Coat-Armours
confilling of things fo divided.

King Henry the Second being Duke of A-
quitainxaAGuion, in the right of his Grand-
mother, and Duke of Normandy in right ot
his Mother, joyned the Arms of Gui on, which
was a Lion palfant guardant , unto that of
Normandy and England , which was Gules ,
three Lions palfant guardant, Or.

Ruby, three Lions,
palfant, guardant, par-
ted per Pale , Or and
Argent. This is the
Coat-Armour of the
Rt. Honourable Wil-
liam O Brien , Earl
and Baron of Jnjiquin,
Baron of Burren, Cap-
tain General of hisMa-
jefties Forces in Af rica,
Governour of the Royal City of Tangier ,
Vice Admiral of the fame, and of the parts ad-
jacent, and one of the Lords of his Majefties
moft Honourable Privy Council for the
Kingdom of Ireland.

He beartth Sable,two
Lioncels counter-paf-
fant, Argent, the upper-
most towards the finifter
fide of the Efcocheon ,
both collared, Gules, by
the Name of Glegg,o.nA
is the Coat of Edward
Glegg of Gayton , and
Edw. Glegg of Grange,
both of Che/fjire, Efquires. Some Blazoners
have given another blazon to this Coat-Ar-
mour thus ; He beareth Sable, two- Lioncels ,
the one palfant, the other re-pail'ant, Argent,
both collared, Gules. But in mine Opinion, no
man by this laft blazon is able to trick or exprefs
the true portraiture and manner of the bearing
of thefe Lioncels ; for it appeareth not by this
blazon towards which part or fide of the Ef-
cocheon their heads are placed , which is con-
trary to the Rule given Ch ip. 4. Seff. 1 . The

Lion and the Lionefs do never go one and the
fame way, either when they feek their prey,
or when they go to fight; the skilful and ex-
pert men render this Reafon for it, That thefe
beafts ftand fo much upon their ftrength of
body, as that neither of them needeth the 0-
thers help.

Now that Lions and Lioncels are born in
Arms, the firft with interpofition of fome of
the Ordinaries, the other charged upon Ordi-
naries, the following Examples will make it
manifeft ,• and in blazoning of fuch Coat-Ar-
mours , care muft be taken to obferve and re-
member what concerning this point of their
difference I have even now delivered.

Ter Cheveron Or and
Gules, three Lions paf-
fant counter-changed,
and is born by Francis
Lund of 'Tarjon's Green
intheParifli of Fulham
in Middlefcx, Cent, de-
fcended from the Fami-
ly of the Funds in the
County of Fork.

He beareth Azure ,
a Fefs wavy between 3
Lions palfant, Or,armed
and langued, Gules. This
is the Coat-Armour of
John Hawes or Hawys
of London, who draweth
his defcent from Wil-
liam Flawy s of Walfbaftl
of the Willows in Suf-
folk, which William was
feized of Lands there in the time of Edward
the Third. The Lion paffing his ground lei-
furely, and as it werepedetentimftep by ftep,
which kind of gate we ufually do call palfant ,
exprelfeth his moft generous and noble aclion
of Majefty, Clemency, and Circumfpeclion.

He beareth Gules, on
a Fefs, Argent, three
Lioncels, palfant, guard-
ant , Purpure. Thefe
Arms appertained to
ArnoldOldefworth,F.(q;
late Keeper of the Hana-
per of the high Court of
Chancery. Such is the
noble courage and mag-
nanimity of the Lion, as
that in his greateft rage and fury, he never
doth tyrannize over thofe that do proftrate
themfelvesto his mercy; whereof a certain
Author thus writeth ,

Tar cere prep rat is fcit nob ilk ira leonis :

T11 quoque fac fimile, quijquu regnabts in orbe.

V .. He

i 3 8

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Seft. Ill-

He beareth Gules, i
Barrs Errayn in Chief, a
Lion paffant, parted per
Pale, Or and Argent,by
the Name of Hill of
Bales in the County of
Norfolk. This Lion is
different from the form-
er paffants , in that he
goeth diredly forward ,
dewing in the Efcochcon but half his face ,
whereby he is diftinguifhcd from the guardant,
which fheweth the whole face. This Lion
paffant feemeth to go with more confidence
and refolution , but the guardant, with more
vigilancy and circumfpecbion,which both being
joyned, do make an abfolute Commander.

He beareth Or,a Lion
falient , Gules, by the
Name of Felbridge. The
proper form of a Lion
falient is when his right
forefoot anfwereth to
the dexter corner of the
Efcocheon, and his hind-
moft foot the finifter bale
point thereof And he
is termed falient, a fahendo ; becaufe when he
doth profecute his prey, he purfueth the fame
leaping, which action he never ufeth when he
is chafed in fight (as Tlmy noteth) but is on-
ly paffant. And it is fometimes no diihonour
to go foftly, or retire leifurely out of the Field,
but to flie is a reproach ; and therefore of all
geftures, I never find any Lion current.

Pearl, a Lion rampant,
Ruby, was the Coat of
Edrick a Saxon, who at
the time of the Conqueft
was Earl of Tork ; and
for that he took part
with Earl Edgar Ethel-
ing againft William the
Conqueror, and deliver-
ed to him the City of
Tork, he had by the Conqueror's command his
eyes put out, and kept a prifoner at Winchefter
during life, and died without iffue.

Ruby, a Lion rampant, Pearl. This is the
Paternal Coat-Armour of the Right Honoura-
ble Louis Duras, Baron Duras of Holmby, one
of the Captains of his Majefties Horfe Guards,
and Privy Purfe to his Royal Highnefs James
Duke of fork ; brother to the Duke and Mar-
fhal Duras, as alfo to the Marfhal de Lorge in
France; and Nephew to the late Marfhal de
Turein in the faid Kingdom; one of whofe An-
ccftors, viz.Galliard Lord Duras, was in the
Reign of K. Edward the Fourth,Knight of the
Garter,being one of thelaft of Gajcoign that

held for the Crown of England, where he
came and continued in great Employments un-
der the faid King Edward, until he was refto-
red to his Eftate in Gajcoign by the Peace made
betwixt the two Crowns.

Ruby, a Lion rampant, Pearl,was the Coat-
Armour of Roger Mowbray a Norman, who
was made Earl of Northumberland by William
the Conqueror. He flew in Battel Malcombe
King of Scots, and his eldeft Son; but after
rebelling againft William Rufus , was taken
prifoner in Northumberland , and kept in
Winchester prifon till the reign of Henry the
Firft, and then died without iffue ; after whofe
deceafe King Henry the Firft gave all his Lands
and Arms to the Lord Nigell de Albaine,whok
Son was called Mowbray, of whom defcendtd
the Mowbrays Dukes of Norfolk : And this
Coat is now quartered by the honourable and
flourifhing Family of the Howards.

Ruby, a Lion rampant, Topaz, is the Coat-
Armour of the Right Honourable Richard
Earl of Carbery , Baron Vaughan of Emblin
and Molmgar , and one of the Lords of his
Majefties moft honourable Privy Council.

Saphire, a Lion rampant, Pearl, is the Coat
of the Right Honourable John Lord Crew ,
Baron of Stean, defcended from Enjiace Crew,
who came into England with William the
Conqueror, and was made Baron of Mont-
halte.

Argent, a Lion rampant, Sable, is the Coat-
Armour of the Stafletons of Torlfhire. •

Sable, a Lion rampant, Argent, is born by
Edmond Lewis Cam- Lloyd in Glamorganpire,
Efquire; and by Edward Lewis of the Van
in the faid County, Efquire. As touching the
bearing of the Lion after this manner, I hold
that then he may be truly faid to be rampant ,
when he ftandethfo directly upright, as that
the crown of his head doth anfwerto the plant
of his foot, whereupon he ftandeth in a per-
pendicular line , and not by placing of the left
foot in the dexter corner of the Efcocheon, as
Leigh would have it. As the former Example
fheweth the gefture of the Lion purfuing his
prey ; fo this fheweth his gefture in feizing on
it when he hath attained it.

He beareth Argent, a
Lion rampant, Sa,charg-
ed on the fhoulder with
a Martlet of the Field ,
by the Name of Mom-
fefon ( anciently Mont-
pntfoii) and is the Coat
of Sir Thomas Mompef-
j'on of Bathampton in
'Wiltjhire, Kt- a perfon
of

Chap.XV.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

of eminent loyalty and fuffering in the late
Troubles , whole Family have been of great
Antiquity in the faid County.

He beareth Ermyn, a
Lion rampant , Azure,
crowned , Or , by the
Name of Pickering,znd
with the Arms of XJl-
(ler is the Coat of Sir
Henry 'Pickering of
Whaddon in Cambridge-
Jloire, and of Pax/on in
HuutitigtovJI.'ire , Baro-
net.

He beareth Argent, a
Lion rampant, the Tail
elevated and turned o-
ver the head, Sable. This
was the Coat-Armour of
John Buxton of Tiben-
ham in the County of
Norfolk , Efquire. Al-
though this manner of
bearing , in refpect of
the Tail, is rarely ufed, yet it is very ancient,
as appeareth by an old Table of the faid Arms
taken out of the Monaftery of Bungey in Suf-
folk, having been before the dilfolution of the
Abbeys there hanged up , for one ftyled Le Se-
neschal Buxton ; which Table now remaineth,
in the cuftody of the faid Mr. John Buxton.
Here Blazoners may pteafe to obferve, how re~
quilite it is to take advifed confideratien in
what manner the Tail of this beaft is born in
figns Armorial ; but I fhall prefently in this
Chapter have further occafion in the Coat-
Armour of Corke to treat more largely of this
point.

He beareth Azure, a
Lion rampant, Argent,
a File of three Lam-
beaux,Gules,each charg-
ed with as many Be-
zants, by the Name of
Covell. Here I tell not
the colour of the Be-
zants , becaufe every
Rundle in Armory (_ of
which fort thefe Bezants are) hath his proper
colour and name in blazon, as fhall hereafter
be more particularly declared, when I come to
fpeak of Rundlcs in general.

The Field is Or, a
Lion rampant , parted
per Fefs , Azure and
Gules, armed and lan-
gued, Argent. This was
the Coat-Armour of
Ralph Sadler of Stan-

V i&^t^ 1 iPVH / ^ 011 m r ' le bounty of
\^f c <r <jj3/ ^/ Hartford, Efq; Grand-
child and Heir-male to
Sh Ralph Sadler the hit
Knight Banneret that lived in England,-! Grave
Counfellor of State to King Henry the Eighth;
King Edward the Sixth, and Queen Eliza-
beth ; and is now born by Sir Edwin Sadler of
Temple T)infley in Hartford/hire, Kt. This kind
of bearing of a Lion parted per Fefs, appear
eth in a very old Roll of Arms in colours , now
in the cuftody of the before-mentioned Sir
Richard Saint George, Kt. Clarenceux King of
Arms.

He beareth Pale,
Argent and Gules , a
Lion rampant. Sable, by
the Name of Roberts,
and is the Coat-Armour
of Edward Roberts of
the City of Dublin in
theKingdom oilreland,
Efq.

He beareth Argent ,
a Lion rampant, Gules,
in the dexter point a
Pheon , Sable , by the
Name of Petyt. This
is the Coat-Armour of
Petyt of Comwal, as
i "Sgx?^' f>% / a ""° °f Torkfljire ; from
> ©T>^ whom is defcended

William Petyt of the
Middle Temple , Efq;
whole Anceftor was
Gilbert Tetyt, Efq; Lord of the Mannor of
Sharleffeane, and divers other Lands in Oteley
near Whearf in TorkJIjire ; who in the thir-
teenth year of Henry the Sixth , with J. Car-
dinal and Archbiihhp of Tork, Richard Duke
of Tork and others, was Jufliciarius Regis ad
pacem in partibus de Weftrithingo in Com.
Tcrk,t£c. and younger Son of Sir John Petyt,
Lord Ardover in Cornwall ; which Sir John
married Margaret, Daughter and Coheir of
Thomas Carmmo, Grandfon to Sir Oliver Car-
mino,Kt. Chamberlain to King Edward the
Second , who married Elizabeth , lifter to
Thomas Holland Earl of Kent , and Duke of
Surrey, who died the tenth year of Henry the
V 2 Sixth,

Seam.

140

Sixth, defcended from an ancient Family ot
Tetyts, Lords of Ardover, m the time of
ftsrytheFirft, of which Family there hath
b3 Knights ; all which appeared! by the
S« and B Pedigree of that Fam.ly , and by
feveral Inquifitions (oft mortem.

He beareth Azure, a
Lion rampant , and
Chief, Or, by the
Name oiDixie. This
with the Arms of VI-
jler, is the Paternal
Coat-Armour of Sir
Wolftan 'Dixie of Bofi
worth in Leicejterfhire,
whofe Son and Heir
apparent is Beaumont
Tlixie of the faid place, Efq;

He beareth Sable, a
Lion rampant between
three Croffes Formee,
Or, by the Name of
Ayloffe, m& is the Coat-
Armour of Sir William
Ayloffe of Braxted
Magna in EJfex, Baro-
net ; as alfo of Henry
Ayloffe of the faid
place, Efq; and of William Ayloffe of Chiffele
alfo in the faid County, Efq;

Argent, a Lion ram-
pant, Azure, between
three Efcallop {hells ,
Gules, by the Name of
Janes, and is born by
William Janes of Kitt-
ling in the County of
Cambridge , Gent, de-
fcended from the Fami-
ly of the Janes of Corn-
wall.

He beareth Gules , a
Lion rampant, Argent,
crowned Or , between
three Crefcents of the
third, by the Name of
Salisbury , and is born
by Richard Salisbury of
Barnftable in "Devon.
Jljire, Gent.

He beareth Diamond,
a Lion rampant' crown-
ed between three Crof-
lets, Topaz. This Coat
was born by the Riglit
Reverend Father in
God, Henry Lord Eiihop
of Chich'efler , Son of
John Kmg Lord Biilicp
ot London-

Or, a Lion rampant.
Sable , between three
Flowers de Lis, Azure,
is born by James Fair-
clongh of London, Dr.
in Phyfick , who is de-
fcended from the anci-
cient Family of the
Faircloughs of Lanca-
Jliite; one of whole
Anccftors was by the
Lord Stanley of Bofworth-feld (to whom Jien\
ry the Seventh owed fo great a 111 are ot his Vi-
ctory) made his Standard-bearer. The Fair-
cloughs of the Counties of Bedford and Hert-
ford branches of this Family.

Ruby , a Lion ram-
pant within a Bordure
engrailed, a Topaz, is.
born by the Right Hor
nourable Charles Earl
of Shrewsbury, Baron
Talbot , Strange of
Blackmerc, Gifford of
Brimsfield, Furnivall,
Verdon and Loveloft.

Ruby , a Lion rampant within a Bordure
engrailed, Pearl, is born by the Right Honou-
rable Ralph Lord Grey, Baron of Warke ; of
whofe Family was Sir John Grey , who for his
good Service in France was by King Henry
the Fifth created Earl of Tanquerville in the
faid Kingdom.

He beareth Ermyn,
a lion rampant , Sable,
within a Bordure , A"-
zure , by the Name of
Ttichatd, and is born
by Sir William Trich-
ord of the City of Lon-
don , Knight and Al-
derman.

Chap.XV.

A Difylay of Heraldry.

T 41

He beareth, Azure,
a Lion rampant , Ar-
gent, crowned Or, bor-
dured as the Second,
PelIotr.ee, by the Name
of Henley, and is born
by Sir Robert Henley of
Northington in Hant-
fljire, Kt. Matter of the
King's Bench Office.

He beareth barrey of
ten, Argent and Azure,
over all a Lion ram-
pant, Gules , by the
Name of Siratford,m&
is the Coat-Armour of
Richard Stratford of
Handling and Neather
Getting in Glocefter-
Jljire, Gent, defended
from that ancient Fami-
ly of the Stratjords of

Farmcoat in the faid County.

He beareth per Bend
finifter, Ermyn and Er-
myns, a Lion rampant,
Or , by the Name of
Trevor, and is born by
Sir Thomas Trevor of
Lemington Haftmgs in
Warwickfhire , Knight
and Baronet, only Son
of Sir Thomas Trevor ,
one of the Barons of the
Exchequer to King Charles the Firft: And by
Sir John Trevor of Brynkynalt in Tleubigh-
jhire, Kt. defcended from Tudor Trevor, Earl
of Hereford.

This Coat is alfo born by Sir Roger Moftyn
of Moftyn in flmtfljire, Knight and Baronet;
and by William Moftyn of Rhyd in the faid
County, Efquire.

He beareth Gyrony
'of eight Ermyns and
Ermynois, a Lion ram-
pant', Or, by the Name
of Williams, and with
the Arms of ZJlfter is
the Coat-Armour of
Sir Trevor Williams of
Lavgiby Gaftle in Mon-
tnouthjljire, Baronet.

Gules, a Lion ram-
pant, guardant, Or, is
the Coat-Armour be-
longing to the Family
of the Morices ; the
chief of which is the
Right Honourable Sir
William Morice of
Werington in Devoti-
Jbire, Baronet, late one
of his Majefties Princi-

pal Secretaries of State, and at prefent one of
his moft honourable Privy Council.

He beareth Gules,on
a Pale, Or, a Lion ram-
pant , Azure , by the
Name of T>'<irnall, and
is the Coat-Armour of
John VJarnall of the
Middle Temple, Lon-
don, Efq.

He beareth Azure ,
upon a Pale radiant
raionee , Or , a Lion
rampant, Gules, by the
Name of Colman of
Brunt Ely in the Coun»
ty of Suffolk. Had not
the lliining rays of this
glittering Pale extraor-
dinarily invited me to
gaze upon the rarity of this bearing, I mould
without refpecl: of the Lion rampant (of which
kind you have had already great variety) being
this rare Pale's only charge, omitted to have
here demonftrated this Coat-Armour; but I
doubt not, if the skilful Artift in this way ob-
ferve it well, he cannot but commend the in-

vention of its firft devifer.

He beareth Argent,
a Lion rampant be-
tween three Creffants,
Sable, a Chief, Verrey.
This is the Coat-Ar-
mour of Thomas Wil-
cocks of Tottenham
High-crofl'm the Coun-
ty of Middlefex.

142

A Difftay of Heraldry.

Seft. Ill

if!

He beareth Or, a
Pale between two Li-
ons rampant, Sable, by
the Name of Naylour ,
and is born by Richard
Naylouroi OJ}ord7)'ar-
cy in Himtingtonflnre ,
Efquire, whofe great
Grandfather, William
Naylour Efq; was one
of the fix Clerks of

Chancery in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth.

He beareth Argent,
a Bend between two
Lions rampant, Sable.by
the Name of Osborn,
and with the Arms of
Vlfter , is the Coat-
Armour of Sir John
Osborn of Ckickjands
in Bedfordflure , Bare-
net.

He beareth Gules ,
three Lions rampant ,
Or, by the Name of
Herbert , and is born
by Bafil Fitz-Herbert
of Norhiry in Derby-
Jljire, Efquire.

Argent, three Lions
rampant, and a Chief,
Azure, is the Paternal
Coat-Armour of Samu-
el Grant of Crundall in
Hantjlnre , and of the
Society of the Inner
Temple, London, Efq.

Argent, three Lions rampant, and a Chief,
Gules , is the Coat-Armour of Sir Henry Tel-
•verton of Eafton-Manduit in Northampton-
fiire, Baronet. The Lion ( faith Farnejius )
is a lively Image of a good Souldier , who
mufl be valiant of Courage, flrong of Body ,
politick in Counfel , and a foe to fear : Such
a one was the mofl valiant Trince Richard
the Second, jurnamed Courde hion,whofe re-
nowned Adventures, fitited with all courage
and politick care, gave him the eternal Name
of the Lion-heart.

He beareth Gules, a
Cheveron between $
Lions rampant, Or, by
the Name of Owen.
This with the Arms of
ZJlsler , is the Coat-
Armour of Sir Hugh
Owen of Oriclton in
Tembrokejhire , Baro-
net.

Ter Pale , Saphire
and Ruby, three Lions
rampant, Pearl. This
is the Coat-Armour of
the Right Honourable
William Earl of Tern-
broke and Montgomery,
Baron Herbert of Car-
diff, RofI of Kendale,
Parr , Marmion St.
Quintain, and Shurland.

This Coat is alfo born by the Right Honou-
rable William Herbert, Earl and Baron of
Towis ; and by the Right Honourable Eaward
Lord Herbert , Baron of Cherbury and Caftle-
lflaud.

This Coat is alfo born by the Family of the
Trogers ; amongft whom is Charles Troger
Herbert of Gwerndy in MonmouthJIjire, Efq;
one of the Gentlemen of his Majefties Privy-
chamber : By Edward Troger Herbert, Efq;
one of the Grooms of his Majefties Bed-cham-
ber : And by Henry Troger Herbert, Efq; one
of his Majefties Ecqueries.

Ter Pale, Argent and
Gules, a Cheveron be-
tween three Lions ram-
pant counterchanged ,
by the Name of Lim-
bery of Lime-houlc in
Middlesex , Gent, de-
fended from the Lim-
beries of Dorfetjhire.

Ter Pale, Gules and
Argent , a Cheveron
engrailed between 5
Lions rampant , Ar-
gent, by the Name of
Hoskins, and is born
by Sir William Hoi-
kins of Oxted' in Sur-
rey, Kt.

Chap.XV.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

143

He beareth Ermyn,
on a Chief, Sable, three
Lions rampant, Argent,
by the Name ot'Gleane,
and with the Arms of
ZJlfter is the Paternal
Coat-Armour of Sir
Teter Gleane of Hard-
wick in the County of
Norfolk, Baronet.
Ermyn, on a Chief, Azure, three Lions
rampant, Or, by the Name of Aucher, and is
the Coat-Armour of Sir Anthony Aucher of
Bi/fjops-bourn in the County of Kent, Knight

and Baronet.

He beareth Argent,
three Mafcles , Sable ,
on a Chief of the Se-
cond, as many Lions
rampant of the Firft ,
by the Name of Han-
fin , and is the Coat-
Armour of Sir Robert
Hanfon of the Citv of
London,Kt. Lord Mayor
thereof Anno 167J.

He beareth Or, on a
Fefs indented between
three Billets , Azure ,
each charged with a
Lion rampant as the
Field, fomany Bezants,
by the Name of Rolles,
and is the Coat-Armour
of Sir John Rolle of
Steventon in Devon'
{hire , Knight of the
Bath : And of Colonel Samuel Rolle of Hean-
toii in the faid County, Efq;

He beareth Azure ,
on a Cheveron engrail-
ed , Argent, between
three Trefoils flipped,
Ermyn, as many Lion-
tels rampant , Sables,
armed and langued ,
Gules, bv the Name of
Barlif Banff or Se-
rif : For I find the
Name varioufly written, which I note hereto
give a Caveat to Gentlemen to be careful to
keep the ancient and true Othography of their
Sirnames , left in time the differing variety
thereof may call their Defcents and Arms into
queftion : For it is utterly unlawful by the law
of Arms, for one Gentleman to bear the Coat-
Armour of another, they both being defcended
from feveral Families, although their Sirnames
be near agreeing, or the fame.

He beareth Argent^
on a Crofs, Gules, rive
Lioncels falieht, Or> by
the Name of Audynoi
Dorchefler in the Coun-
ty of Tiorjet. The
Prophet IJaiah defcri-
beth the valourous cou-
rage of thefe kind of
beafts, though young >
where he faith, That as a Lion, or a Lion's
whelp roareth upon hit prey, again/} "Suborn if
a multitude of Shepherds be called, he Hull
not be afraid at their voice , neither 'will he
humble himfelf at their noife ; fo Jhall the
Lord of Hofts come down to fight for Mount
Sion, and for the Hill thereof, Tjfa.j1.4-. B ut
here the Lions are not well cut.

Heieareth Or, two
Lions^impant, comba-
tant,Gules, langued and
armed, Azure, by the
Name of Wycombe:

Sable, two Lions ram-
pant, combatant, Or, is
born by NicholasCarter
of Loudon, Dr. in Phy*
rick. Leigh faith, That
thefe were two Lions of fundry Regions, which
of manhood muft combate only for Govern^
ment : For the Lion is as defirous of maftery
as a couragious Prince is ambitious of Honour;
which if it be in a juft Title and Claim , is a
vertue in a King , and no way to be dilliked i
For it was a' Royal Apothegm worthy that
great King, Nemo me major, nifi qui juftior j
I acknowledge no King greater than my felf ,
but he that isjufter.

He beareth Azure >
two Lioncels rampant,
endorfed , Or. This
Coat (faith Leigh~) Was
born by Achilles the
Grecian at the Siege of
Troy. And Leigh takes
it to be a Combate in-
tended between two
valiant men , and they
both keep appointment and meet in the Field;
but the Prince favouring both Parties, taketh
the matter into his hands , and then turn they
back to back, and fo depart the Field : Fof
their flout Stomacks will not fuffer them to go
both one way, becaufe it is counted art injury
to hardinefs to go firft out of the Field.

There are yet other forms of bearing the
Lion than are hitherto exprefTed, as in thefe
next Efcocheons may be feen.

144

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Seft. 111.

The Field is Mars , a
incorporated Lion Slic-
ing out of the three
corners of the Efcoche-
on , all meeting under
one head in the Fefs
point, Sol, langued and
armed, Jupiter. Alike
Lion did Edmund, Sur-
named Crwchbdck(lfyA
of Lancaster and brother to King Edward the
Firft) bear in Device, as appeareth by the
Seal of the fame Edmund ; the Circumference
of which Seal containeth this Infcription;
SIGILLUM EDMUNDI FILII
REGIS ANGLIiE. Only herein it dif-
fered! from this that where the middlemoft of
the bodies in this is born rampant , and the o-
ther two defcend from the corners of the
Efcocheon ; contoriwife in the Seal the two
lowermoft are bjfi paffant, and the third de-
fended from above, and are all conjoyned in
the Center of the faid Circumference. The
like was born in Device by one of the Ance-
ftors of the Right Noble and Honourable late
Lord Carew, Earl of TotnefS : But the Field of
this was Topaz, and the Lion Diamond; more-
over the middlemoft body of this was rampant,
and the other two after a fort paffant.

Ruby, three demy
Lions rampant, Pearl,
between a Mound, To-
paz , is the Paternal
Coat-Armour of the
Right Honourable Hen-
ry Be/met , Earl and
Baron of Arlington ,
Vifcount Thetford, Kt.
of the mod Noble Or-
der of the Garter, Lord
Chamberlain of his Ma-
jefties Houlhold, and one , of the Lords of his
moft honourable Privy Council, ckc. whofe el-
der brother is Sir John Bennet of Tiawley in
the Parifh of Htrlington in Middlefex, Knight
of the Bath, and Lieutenant to his Majelties
Band of Gentlemen Pentioners.

He beareth Azure,
two Bars wavy,Ermyn,
on a Chief, Or, a demy
Lion rampant , Sable,
by the Name of Smyth,
and with the Arms of
ZJlHer is the Paternal
Coat-Armour of Sir
Robert Smyth of Upton
in the Parifh of Weft-
ham in Ejjex, Baronet;
and without the Arms of Vlfter, is the Coat
of Sir James Smyth of the City of London,

Knight and Alderman , Sons of Sir Robert
Smyth oi Vpon aforefaid, Knight and Baro-
net.

He beareth Or, a de-
my Lion rampant,Gu!es,
by the Name of MaUary.
There are certain forms
of bearing much like un-
to this at the firft fight;
but are diverfe from it in
bearing, and do receive
a different form of bla-
zon, whereof good heed
muff be taken, Quia diverfitas nomims deno-
tat diver/itatem rei , the diverfity of names
doth mamfeft the diverfity of things ; inafmuch
as names are fignificant demonftrations ot
things, and exprefs notes of their differences.

He beareth Azure, on
a Chief, Or, a Lion ram-
pant iffuant, Gules, lan-
gued and armed of the
firft , by the Name of
Markham. This Lion is
faid to be iffuant, becaufe_
he doth ilTue from out of
the bottom of the Chief;
and fo muft other things
be blazoned which thus arife from the bottom

He beareth Azure, a
Chief, Gules.a Lion ram-
pant jeffant , his tayl
forked, Or, by the Name
of Ha/tang. A Lion jef-
fant born in Coat-Ar-
mour, is where the Coat
is firft charged with a
Chief or other Ordinary,
and after by fome occafi-
onfome Animal is added thereunto, but is not
fubjeded to the primary Charge, but is born
over both the Field and Charge ; and is there-
fore called a Lion Jeffant, a jacendo , becaufe
of fuch lying all over. Some blazon this Coat
Azure, a Chief, Gules^ver all a Lion rampant,
his tayl forked, Or. »

He beareth Or, out of
the midft of a Fefs, Sable,
a Lion rampant,naiflant,
Gules, armed and lan-
gued, Azure. This Coat
was born by Sir Henry
Emme , Knight of the
moft Noble Order of the
Garter, and chofen com-
panion thereof by Ed-
ward the Third, when he did eretf and efta-
blifh the fame. This Lion is faid to be naiffant,
becaufe he feemeth to iffue out of the womb of

the

Chap.XV.

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

thcFefs, Quafinunc ejfet in nafcendo. This
form of blazon is peculiar to all living things,
that (hall be found iifuing out of the midft of
forac ordinary or common charge.

He beareth Argent, a
Lions head erafed ,
Gules, by the Name of
Govts. Concerning the
dignity of this part of
the body, and how the
fame is preferred before
all other the parts and
Members thereof',1 have
formerly made menti-
on , as alfo of the commendable bearing of
Members erafed.

He beareth Topaz,on
a Chief, Diamond.three
Lions heads erafed of
the firft. This was
the Coat-Armour of Sir
Thomas Richardjon, Kt.
Lord Chief Juftice of his
Majefties Court of Kings
Bench; and is the At-
chievement of theRjght
Honourable Thomas Lord Richardfon, Baron
of imond'm Scotland. I do here give this
C> Armour this kind of blazon by precious
ftoj in refpect of that high place of Juftice
wh. Bearer executeth under his Majefty.

The Field is Azure, a
Cheve.ron, Argent , be-
tween three Lions heads
erafed, Ermyn, crowned
Or. This was the Coat-
Armour of Sir Taul
Tindar of the City of
London,K.t.\vhofc boun-
teous Piety, manifeft in
many other charitable
actions, was in the year
i6ji. more confpicuous in the richly adorning
and exquifite beautifying the Quire of Saint
TauPs Church. Erafing is a violent rending
of a member from the body, and may fignifie
fome worthy and memorable A<S of the Bear-
er, that hath fevered the head from the fhoul-
ders of fome notorious turbulent or feditious
perfon.

Azure, a Cheveron be-
tween three Lions heads
erafcd,Or, by jhe Name
of Wyndham^ in'd is the
Paternal Coat-Armour
of Sir Hugh Wyndhdm,
of Silton in Dorjetpire,
Kt. one of the Juftices
of his Ma'jsftie.s Court
of Common Tleas at
Weftmnfter 'i eighth Son
of Sir John Wyndhdm of Orchard-Wyndham
in Somerfetfiiire, Kt. who was lineally defend-
ed from the ancient Family of the Wyndhams
in Felbrigg in Norfolk, and owner thereof.

This Coat is alfd born by ThomasWyndham
of Tale in Devonfljire, Efq; one of the Grooms
of his now Majeflies Bedchamber , third Son
of Sir Ed-mond Wyndham of Cat hanger in So-
merl'etjhire , Knight Marfhal"<bf his Majefties
molt Honourable Houfhold, and_ lineally de-
fended of the ancient Family of the Wynd-
hams of 'Crown-Thorp in Norfolk.

He beareth Sable, on
a Fefs between three
Lions heads erafed, Or,
as many Ogreffes , by
the Name of Camicll.
This with the Arms of
ZJlfer, is the bearing of
Sir Henry Cambell of
Cldf-ball in the Parifh
of Bar kin, Effex, Baro-
net.

>i:j i f I Q H, I
no I i\ - \ l }
He beareth Argent,
on a Bend, Sable, three
Lions heads erafed of
the Field, crowned, Or,
by the Name of Wroth}
and with the Anns of
Vlfter, is the Coat- Ar-
mour of Sir John Wroth
of Blenden-hall in the
County of Kent, Baro-
net.

Vert, three Quater-
foils ., Argent , each
charged with a Lions
head erafed, Sable, by
the Name of Tlott, and
is the Coat-Armour of
Thomas Tlott, Efq; Se-
cretary to his Highnefs
the great Duke of Tuf*
cany ■ defended of the
Family of the Tlott s of Spar/holt in Barkjhire.

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Seft. Ill

He beareth Sable.two
Lions paws iffuing out
of a Dexter and Sinifter
bafe points , erected in
form of a Cheveron,
Argent, armed, Gules,
by the Name of Fr amp-
ton. The forefeet of the
Lion have five toes upon
each foot, and the hin-
der feetbut four, whereby nature hath enabled
him, for the more fure feizing and retaining
his acquired prey. The Lions claws are crooked
and exceeding hard, with thefe he carveth and
rendcth his prey ; and for this purpofe he keep-
eth them very choicely and tenderly, and is no
lefs careful to fave them from blunting, than a
good Souldier is to keep his Armour and Wea-
pons from ruft and bluntnefs. By the great-
nefs and fharpnefs of the Lions claw, we may
eafily conje&ure'how dangerous a thing it is
for a man to encounter him ; for wherefoever
he feizeth , if he break not the bones , yet he
renteth away the flefh. So alfo may we give
a near ghefs, if not make a certain demonltra-
tion of his proportion and bignefs ; for fo we
read that ThydiM, the famous Carver of great
Images in Gold and in Ivory, upon the fight of
a Lions claw only, did raife the whole propor-
tion of his body, which gave occafion ( as is
fuppofed) of the Proverb , Leonem ex uttgie
aflimare, whereby is meant, That of one pro-
bable conjecture, a man may give a near ghefs
of the whole bufinefs.

He beareth Gules, j
Lions Gambes, or paws
erafed, Argent, by the
Name of Nevvdigate ;
and is the Coat- Armour
of Richard Newdigate
of Barfield in Middle-
sex, Serjeant at Law ,
Son of Sir John New-
digate of Arbury in
WayjvicL-flure, Kt. who
was Son and Heir of John Nmdfgate of M/ir-
field aforefaid, Eft].

He beareth Argent ,
two Lions paws, erafed,
in Saltire, the Dexter
furmounted of the Sini-
fter,Gules. That Lions,
Panthers, and Leopards
do hide their claws with-
in their skin when they
go or run, it may feem a
little miracle ; for they
do nevet extend them but when they offer to
feize their prey, left they (hould be blunted,and
fo become lefsferviceable for the apprehenfion,
retention, and divifion of their prey.

He beareth Sable, 3
Lions paws couped and
erected, Argent, armed,
Gules, by the Name of
Vfljer. Sometimes thefe
paws are found born up-
on Ordinaries, as in this
next Efcocheon , where
there is a Lions paw
born upon a Canton.
And you muft obferve, That albeit I do here
ufe but one Example for an Inftance , yet mail
you by obfervation find them born as well upon
other Ordinaries as on this.

He beareth Argent,
on a Canton , Sable , a
Lions paw erafed in
bend, Or, by the Name
of Bowthel/y. This one
Coat doth minifter oc-
cafion of a twofold ob-
fervation : the one,that
this member is born up-
on Ordinaries ; the o-
ther, that it is born after the manner or faflii-
on of Ordinaries , as Cheveron-ways, Crofs-
ways, Saltire-ways, &c. as by the precedent
Examples may appear.

He beareth Sable , ?
Lions tails erected and
erafed, Argent, by the
Name of Corke .The Lion
hath great ftrength in
his tail,the much motion
whereof is a manifeft to-
ken of anger. When he
mindeth to affail his e-
nemy, he ftirreth up
himfelf by often beatiag of his back and fides
with his tail , and thereby ftirreth up his cou-
rage, to the end he do nothing faintly or cow-
ardly. The Lion when he is hunted, carefully
provideth for his fafety, labouring to fruftrate
the purfuit of the Hunters by fweeping out his
foofteps with his tail as he goeth, that no ap-
pearance of his track may be difcovered,
whereby they may knoV which way to make
after him.

The Lion beareth his tail after a diverfe man-
ner, infomuch as we may thereby (if not cer-
tainly know , yet give a near ghefs ) what a
mood he is in for the prefent ; viz. whether
he be furioufly bent, or peaceable, or majefti-
cally affected. And thefe qualities are mani-
feftly difcerned by the Inverfion, Everfion, or
Extenfion, &c. of his tail.

Here may rife a Que.ftion , Whether the
bearing of the tail of tae Lion in any of thefe
feveral manners be a fufficient difference to
prevent all cifufes of challenge ?

For my own part (albeit I have not read or
' feen

Chap.XV.

A D iff lay of Heraldry.

feen in Gerard Leigh, Bofwell, Feme, or a-
ny other Armorial Writers, the ftate of this
Queftion handled) I hold that they be differ-
ences fufficient to debarr all challenge : My
Reafons are thefe ; firft , Sufficit quod inter
arma mea ® tua talis fit differentia, qua detur
diverfitas. And again, Ncrva forma dat no-
vum effe ret : I hold them not only to be dif-
ferences kcuudum quid, but fimfliciter • that
is to fay , abfolute and elfential differences.
Furthermore, Data una di fjimi titudine etiam
faria judicabuntur diverfa. Moreover, ex-
perience flieweth us,That the leaft addition or
fubtradtion in Armorial figns maketh them
ceafe to be the fame that they were ; Omnia
jirma Jrithmeticisfigurisfunt fimillima, qui-
bits Jiquid addas vel jubtrahas, non remanet
eadem [pedes , as I have formerly ftewed.
Finally, for approbation of thefc my Opinions,
I will add this infallible Affertion, Ea diferunt
quorum definitiones diferunt.

Thefe are my Reafons that induce me to be
of this Opinion , that the diverfe manner of
bearing of the tail of the Lion,as aforefaid,are
ormaybe (without exception) effential diffe-
rences : which neverthelefs I referr to the ju-
dicious cenfure of the Learned in this Profef-
fion.who perhaps may convince me with more
forceable grounds.

Butbecaufe Demonftration is the bell of Ar-
guments to convince the incredulous , it is ap-
parent that Buxton's Coat before mentioned
differs not from that of Spieres , but only in
the'mannerof the bearing of the tail, both of
them being Argent, a Lion rampant, Sable [
only in Buxton's Coat the tail is elevated and'
turned over the head of the Lion, as it more
plainly appears before in this prefent Chap-
ter.

Now as touching particularizing of the be-
forementioned aflertion, I fay that the Everfi-
on of the tail of the Lion is an exprefs token of
his placability or tradablenefs: as contrariwife
the Inverfion of his tail is anote of wrath and
fury, efpecially if he do beat the back there-
with , and doth roar withal. Of this proper-
ty of theLion Catullus maketh mention in thefe
words,

Jlge, c <ede terga cauda tua, verbera pateaut
Face, cuiitJa mugientifremitu loca retonent.

The gate of a Lion, when he is paffant, is an
apparent note of his jurifdidion and regal au-
thority and fovereignty wherewith the exten-
fion of his tail doth fitly quadrate and agree :
inafmuch as when he hunteth after his prey
he roareth vehemently , whereat the Beafts'
being aftonilhed, do make a Hand, whilft he
with his tail maketh a circle about them in the
Land, which circle they dare not tranfgrefs ■
which done, out of them he makeh choice o'f
his prey at his pleafure.

147

The Field is party
perPzle, Gules and A-
zure, a Tigre pailant,
Argent. This was the
Paternal Coat-Armour
of John Mabb Cham-
berlain of London in the
time of Queen Eliza-
beth. The Tigre may
well take place next to
theLion, it being a Bealt of great cruelty and
incomparable fwittnefs, whence fome think the
River Tigris had its Name.

He beareth Argent, a
Tigre paffant,regardant
gazing in a Mirrour or
Looking-glafs , all pro-
per. This Coat-Armour
llandeth in the Chancel
of the Church of Thame
in OxfordJJnre , in a
Glafs-window of the
fame Chancel , impaled
on the Sinifter fide with the Coat-Armour pro-
perly pertaining to the Family of de Bardis.
Near to this Eicocheon is placed this Infcripti-
on, Hadrtanus de Bardis Trebendarius iftius
EcclefiiC. Some report that thofe who rob
the Tigre of her young, ufe a policy to detain
their Dam from following them, by calling
fundry Looking-glaifes in the way, whereat
Ihe ufeth long to gaze, whether it be to behold
her own beauty, or becaufe, when flie feeth
her lliape in the glafs, lhe thinketh (lie feeth
one of her young ones, and fo they efcape the
fwiftnefs of her purfuit. And thus are many
deceived of the fubftance, whiles they are
much bufied about the fhadows.

He beareth Azure, a
Fefs between three Ti-
gres heads erafed , Or,
by the Name of Hun-
lock, and with the Arms
of Vlfler, is the Pater-
nal Coat-Armour of Sir
Henry Hunlock of IVin-
geriforth in the County
of 2>>-/5jy,Baronet.

He beareth Sable , a
Bear paffant , Argent.
It is written of the jhe
Bear, that ilie bringeth
forth her young ones
unperfecT- and deformed,
like a lump of raw flefli,
and licks it till it comes
tolhape and perfection.
The flic Bear is mod
X 2 cruelly

i4»

A Difilay of Heraldry.

Sea.lII.

cruelly foraged againft any that foal] hutt h£
young, orfefpoil her ot them: as the Scrip,
iure if ith in fefting forth the fierce angerbf *he
Lord That he will meet his advenhries, as a
Bear robbed of her whelps. Winch teacheth
Xw careful Nature would have us o beo
the welfare of our ChildrenW fo cruel Beafts
are fo tenderhearted in this kind.

He beareth Argent, a
Bear rampant , Sable ,
muzzled, Or, by the
Name of Barnard. The
Countries that were re-
puted famous for the
cruelty of Bears , were
Lucanta and Umbria
in Italy, now called the
Dutcliy of Sfoletum.
And fo m ancient times was our Iiland of Bri-
ufn For Bears were carried from hence to
Rome for a fhew , where they were holden in
J££ Admiration! The Bear by nature is a
?ruelBeaft; but this here demMfaatea [unto
you, is (to prevent the mifchief it might o
ihervvifc do, as you may obferve) as ^ were
bound to the good behaviour with ™z>e
muft confefs 1 have often feen a Sable Bear fail
ant, in a Field Argent, born by the Name of
Bernard.

Argent, three Bears
heads erafed , Sable ,
muzzled, Or, by the
Name of Langham ,
and is the PaternalCoat-
Armour of Sir James
Langham oiCottesbrook
in Northampton/hire ,
Knight and Baronet; Sir
William Langham of
Walgrave in the faid
County, Kt. and Sir Stephen Langham of the
Cityof £<Wo«,Kt. Son of John Langham of
London and Cottesbrooi aforefaid, Efq; who
was defcendcd from Henry de Langham of
Langham in RutlandJInre; whofe Son William
de Langham, Grandfather ot Robert who i-
vedin the Reign of Edward the Third, held
three Caracuts of Land there.

He beareth Argent, a
Cheveron between 3
Bears heads erafed, Sa-
ble , muzzled , Or, by
the Name of Tennarth.
The Bear is reported to
combat with the Bull ;
in which fight he ufeth
no lefs policy than
flrength, as evidently

He beareth Azure, a
Wolf falrant, Argent
langued, Or, armed,
Gules , by the Name
of Tlowne or 'Donne.
Some fuch Enfign did
Mace don the Son of O-
fyrii (Tirnamed Jupiter
the Juft , whofe Father
was Cham the Son of
Noah-) bear in his ftield at fuch time , as he ,
together with divers of his brethren andkinl.
folk did warfare under the condud ot OJyri,,
as witneffeth Viodorus Siculus; Ojyr idem duo
Wj, virtute di\pares,Anub^ Macedon,pro-
feamitifunt, uterque Armis ufi* eft infigmbw,
aliquo animall haudab eorum natura diffimt*
U-namAnubisCanem, Macedon Lufnm, in-
me Armorum tulit. Atmhs (faith ^)S ave
a T">Z for his device on bis Arms, and [ Mace-
donaWolf. This Coat-Armour may ferve to
exemplifie that which I have formerly deliver-
ed touching the Antiquity of Arms. The an-
cient Romans alfo in their ^vy ^grnd d
bear the Wolf, as appeareth by Vegetius Vai-
tnriws and others.

He beareth Gules, a
Wolf preyant, Argent,
by the Name of Lowe,
and is the Cdat- Armour
of Sir Edward Lowe of
'New Sarum in Wilt-
fhire , Kt. one of the
Matters of the high and
honourable Court of
Chancery. Upton lea-
veth to the confiderati-
of Heralds.whether the bearing of the Wolf in
Arms be not fit for fuch perfons as in Parlia-
ments and places of great Affembly are ac-
cuftomed to wrangle and mew themfelves con-
tentious ; and iquafi Johannes m oppofito^
to put on a refolute determination to be con-
trary to all others. For it is the Wolves nature,
when they affemble together to fall a howling.
Some write, that thofe who fuddenly look on
a Wolf do lofe their voice. It were fit iuch
wolvifh and fnarling perfons would look on
themfelves in a Glafs, andfo become morefi-

He beareth Argent,
three Wolves paffant in
pale, Sable, by the
Name of Love t ; and is
born by Edward Lovet
of Corfe in the Parifli of
Tanftock in the County
of Devon, Efq;

appear
\.chap.z

out of AriHotle de Animalibus,

5°-

Chap.XVL

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

149

He beareth Argent ,
on a Bend, Vert , three
Wolves heads erafed of
the Field by the Name
of Myddleton ; and with
the Arms of Vlfter, is
the Paternal Coat-Ar-
mour of Sir Thomas
Myddleton of Clufk Ca-
ftle in c DenbighJhire, 1 &z-
ronet. This Coat.with-
out the Arms of Vlfter, is born by Sir Thomas
Myddleton of St anfted- Mount -fit chet in the
County of Ejfex,Kt.

Thus ending with the Wolf, I will perclofe
this Trad of Beaftsof fierce Nature, compre-
hending all others of this kind, as Ounces,
Lynxes, Hyenaes, Tanthers,(§c. under thefe
before handled. Forafmuch as the greateft
part of the general Rules, as alfo of the fun-
dry forms of bearing attributed unto Lions and
Wolves, may be aptly applied to all , or the
greateft part of other Beads of like Nature.

CHAP. XVI.

HAVING given Examples of raven-
ous and fierce kind, that by main force
do profecute and obtain their prey ; I
will now proceed to the handling of Beafts lefs
fell and harmful : of which number fome are-
wild and favage ; other are domeftical and fo-
ciable, as Dogs of all forts, of which I will
firft intreat ; becaufe the Dog, whether it be
for pleafure and game in field, or for thrift and
guard at home, deferveth a very high eftima-
tion ; and of all Dogs, thofe of chafe are moft
in ufe in Armory ; whereof fome profecute
their prey fpeedtly , others more leifurably.
Of the firft fort is the Greyhound , as in Ex-
ample.

He beareth Argent,
a Greyhound paliant,
Sable, by the Name of
Holford. Such Dogs
as do purfue their Game
with a more leifurely
pace, are Hounds fitted
for all forts of Game;
as Harthounds , Buck-
hounds, Harriers,Otter-
hounds, Bloodhounds,®! - , which are of fome
Authors called Odorifequi canes, quia odoratu
inveftigant, for following by the fmell : and
Cicero calleth them Sagaces canes , becaufe of
their tender and quick fent ; and both thefe
and the Greyhound are called Canes Venatici,
Doss for the chafe.

Note, that it appeareth in an old Manufcrip
treating of Blazon, that a Greyhound cannot
properly be termed rampant ; for it is contrary
to his kind to appear fo fierce, as the Author
there writeth in his faid Book, now remaining
in the cuftody of that worthy Knight Sir Wil-
liam Seger, Garter, principal King of Arms ,
whofe great ftudy and travel in this Heraldical
Art hath, by his own Works already publilh-
ed, been fufficiently manifeft.

He beareth Vert , a
Greyhound current, Ar-
gent , collared , Gules,
i'iudded , Or , by the
Name of Blome ; and is
the Coat-Armour of
Richard Blome of A-
bergwlly in Carnarvon-
fl.ure,E{q;ofJobn Blome
of Sevenoak in thd
County of Kent, Gent,
and Richard Blome of
London, Gent, the Undertaker of this Work.

He beareth Argent,
two Bars Sable, charged
with three Trefoils
flipped of the Field, in
Chief a Greyhound cur-
rent of the Second , by
the Name of T * aimer ■
and is the Coat-Armour
of William T 'aimer of
Ladbrook in Warwick-'
fhirejifq; Son and Heir of Sir William T aimer
of Warden-Jlreet in Bedfordfiire, Kt.

He beareth Gules , 5
Greyhounds current in
pale , Argent , by the
Name of Mauleverer ;
and with the Arms of
Vlfter , is the Coat of
Sir Thomas Mauleverer
ot Allerton-Mauleverer
in the weft Riding of
Torkjljire, Baronet,

Argent,three Greyhounds current pale-ways,
Sable, collared , Or , by the Name of More
(or Tie la More') and with the Arms oi Vlfter,
is the Coat-Armour of Sir Edward More of
More-hall and Bank-hall in Lancajljire, Baro-
net, lineally defcended from the ancient Fami-
ly of the Mores of the faid places ; whofe An-
cestors have there continued for above twenty
Generations, as appears as well by divers anci-
ent Deeds now in the cuftody of the faid Sir
Edward, as by the Hatchments and Infcrip-
tions engraven on the walls of the faid Houfes;
This Coat is alfo born by Sir John More of the
City of London, Knight and Alderman, line-
I ally defcended from the Family of the More s

aforefaid. Sable

A Dtftlay of Heraldry.

150

Sable, three Greyhounds current in pale ,
Argent, collared. Or, is the Coat-Armour ot
the ancient Family of the Machels of Crate,:-,
thorp in Westmoreland; 'and is now born by
Lancelot Machel, Efq; Lieutenant of Horle to
the Counties of Cumber land and Weflmorelaud,
a great Loyalift, and an expert Souldier. Tlus j
Name was writ Mauchael, or Mauchel, from
the Conqueft to the Reign of King Henry the
Eighth, at which time thole two valiant War-
ri: rs, Guy Mauchel of Crakenthorf, Efq; and
Hugh his Brother , engaged thcmfelves in that
Expedition a gainft the French, in which the
Englifli were victorious, and took the almoft
impregnable City of Turuay, i'vom whence they
both returned, and were fucceffively Lords of
Cni/f^;rf/jo^aforefaid. This Guy, though in
many dangers, yet died in his Eed about the
i-jth of Henry the Eighth, but fhewed an He-
roick and Marfhal Spirit in bequeathing his
Arms and Armour to his Sons in the very firft
place, as that which was moft dear unto him.
And H«?/j Machel, for his Valour.was by King
Henry the Eighth deputed with Sir Thomas
Wharton, Warden of the weft Marines of Eng-
land, by a Warrant under the faid King's Sign
Manual, Dated the 28th of "June in the %oth
year of his Reign.

He beareth Azure, a
Talbot paffant, Argent,
by the Name of Bor-
goigue. It is a general
obfervation, That there
is fcarce any vertue inci-
dent to a man,but there
are fingular fparks and
refemblances of thefame
in the fundry kinds of
Dogs: For fome are fo couragious.as if they be
in the encounter, you may cut off a leg or any
limb before they will let go their holdfaft : in
•which kind the Englifh Maftiff hath higheft
praife; infomuchthat Hiftories report, That
the Romans took Matties hence to carry in
their Armies iuftead of Sonldiers. Some o-
thers have been fo trufiy and loving to their
Matters, as being by errour loft, they have re-
fufed meat, though it were to their death, till
they faw their Mafters again. For their admi-
rable property in finding any thing that is loft,
in fetching any thing they arc in;oyned,in pur-
fuing any man by the fcent of his foot after he
is fled : It requireth a Naturalift's large Dif-
courfe , rather than the touch of an Herald's
Pencil.

Sett. 111.

He beareth Gules , a
Talbot paffant, Or, a
Chief, Ermvn , by the
Name of Chaffin ; and is
the Coat-Armour ot
Thomas Cbafjin of Chet-
tle mDorjc-JLire, Efq;

He beareth Or , a
Fefs dauncctte, between
three Talbots paffant ,
Sable , by the Name of
Camck. Thefe kind
of Dogs are called in
Latin Canes fagace s, for
the tendernels of their
fcent, and quicknefs of
fmelling, becaufe there-
by they do readily difcover and find out the
trafts , forms , and lodgings of Beafts of chafe,
and of Savage kind : which done, they dopro-
fecute their undertaken chafe with open mouth
and continual cry , that oftentimes, through
hotpurfuit, they do fo tire it, as that it is ei-
ther taken up by theHuntfman,or doth become
a prey to themfelves.

Ter Cheveron en-
grailed , Argent and
Cules , three Talbots
heads erafed counter-
changed, by the Name
ofTluncombe ; and is the
Coat-Armour of the
Right Honourable Sir
John \Duncombe of
Batlefdenbury in Bed-
fordjhire,Vx. Chancellor
and Under-Treafurer of
the&r/^KP^and one ofhisMajefties moft ho-
nourable Privy Council, ckc.

He beareth Azure, a
Fefs between three Tal-
bots heads erafed , Or,
by the Name of Bur-
ton ; and is the Coat
of Caftbulan Burton of
Lindley in the' County
of Leicester, Efq; To
this head muft be refer-
red all other forts of
Dogs of Profecution ; as Beagles,Terriers,and
fuchlike, fo called, Quia f eras jub terra pro-
fequuntur, (for that they profecute their prey
under the ground , as the others do above
ground) alio Land and Water-Spaniels , and
fuch others. Now for the wild or favage fort
of Beafts, fome do atchieve their preybyfub-
til means, as Foxes, Ferrets, Weafels, Cats,&c.

fome

Chap. XVI.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

15I

fome by prudent providence , as the Hedghog,
Squirel, and fuch like. Others alfo there are,
whofe care is, not fo much how to come by
their prey, as that themfelves become not a
prey to others ; as Hares, Conies, ckc. of thefe
briefly I will give fome few Examples, to Ihew
to what head they are to be reduced, as fol-
loweth.

He beareth Argent,
two Reynards counter-
faliant in Bend, the dex-
ter furmounted of the
finifter Saltire-like ,
Gules, by the Name of
Kadrod-Hard of Wales.
Thefe are fomewhat
unlike Samp fin's Foxes,
that were tied together
at the tails; and yet thefe two agree in aliquo
tertio : They came into the field like two ene-
mies,but they meant nothing lefs than to fight,
and therefore they pafs by each other; like two
crafty Lawyers, which came to the Barr , as if
they meant to fall out deadly about their Cli-
ents caufe ; but when they have done,and their
Clients purfes well fpunged , they are better
Friends than ever they were,and laugh at thofe
Geefe, that will not believe them to be Foxes,
till they ( too late ) find themfelves Fox-
bitten.

He beareth Argent,
three Cats-a-mountains
in Pale paffant, Sable, by
the Name of Keat ; this
with the Arms of XJl-
fter , is the bearing of
Sir Jonathan Keat of
Tauls-Walden in Hart-
fordjhire, and of Grove-
hurft in the Parifli of
Milton in.TO//f,Baronet.

He beareth Argent ,
a Cheveron, Azure, be-
tween three Squirels
feiant , Gules , by the
Name of Lovell. This
Bead hath his name
Sciurm, or Scuirel, by
reafon of the largenefs
of his tail , which Iha-
doweth all his Body :
And is therein like one, who carefully keeping
the love and affection of his followers and re-
tainers, is fure they will ftick to him, protect
and fhadow him in time of need. To whom
thofe Villains ( mentioned in the Roman Hi-
flory) were much unlike, who betraied their
profcribed Lords , flying to them for fhelter
and fecret coverture. And fuch a one was the
faithlefs Cartifmandua, to whom our renown-
ed Britifh King Caraftactu flying to hide him-

felf till he might gather his Forces together a-
gainft the Romans, flie betraid him unto his
Foes, to the ruineof this Kingom : That infa-
mous Queen had not Caudam Sciuri, a Squi-
rels ihadowing tail; but Caudam IDracoiiM,
fiery and venomous.

The field is
parted per Fefs,
Gules and A-
zure,iri the firft
fix whole Er-
myns, Ermyn,
couchant, three
and three. This
was the Coat-
Armour of a
Biihop in the
Kingdome of
Scotland, who
lived Anno Dom. 1 474. as I find it in Mr. Gar-
ter's beforementioned Manufcript. The Sir-
name of this Biihop is not there fet down. I
have inferted this Coat-Armour in regard of
the rarity of the bearing of this Bead whole in
an Efcocheon, which is feldom fo ufcd : but the
skin of this Beaft is of very frequent ufe iri
Arms, it being that Furr in Blazon called Er-
myn, of which I have formerly treated in this
Book, SeB. 1. Chap. 4. I was as curious as I
could in procuring this Efcocheon to be cut like
unto that which is depicted in thatMaiiufcript,
becaufe I was defirous to demonftrate unto you
the falhion of Efcocheons of thofe times. I
muft confefs that I find the Blazon there to dif-
fer from this of mine ; for there he beginneth
to Blazon the bafe part of the field firft, which
manner of Blazon at this day is not approved
of by Englifh Blazoners.

To thele muft be added all fourfooted Beafts
that are provident in acquiring their food, as
the Hedghog and fuch other. It refteth that
I fliould now give Example of the laft fort of
Beafts , among them of favage kind before
fpoken of, which are thofe of timorous and
fearful Nature : Such are thefe that follow,and
their like.

He beareth Argent,
three Conies, Sable, by
the Name of Stroode.
Conies are bred in molt
Countries , but in few
are they fo plentiful as
in England. Amongft
the Baleares they were
fo abundant, as that the
people made fute to A«-
gtt/lw to grant them a military company of Pi-
oneers to deflroy them. Of this little Beaft it
feemeth, that men firft learned the Art of un-
dermining and fubverting of Cities, Caitles,
and Towres by the induftry of Pioneers.

152

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Se«a.nr.

He beareth Sable,
three Corri-S current,
Or , by the Name ot
Cuulif}' , -and with a
Crefcent for a difference
is the Coat-Armour of
Nicholas Cunitjf of
ChijUehurfi in Kent ,
Gent.

He beareth Gules,
three Conies feiant
within a Bordure en-
grailed, Argent, by the
Name of Cvnubie.
Though Nature hath
not given thefe timor-
ous kinds of Beads fuch
craft or ftrength as to
the former ; yet are
they not deftiture of their fuccours,inthat they
have their (1 rong Caflles and Habitations in the
Earth, and their Food ever growing fo nigh
them, that they need not put themfelves into
danger except they lift.

He beareth Argent,
on a Fefs Nebule, Sable,
three Hares heads coup-
ed, Or , by the Name
of Harewell. The Hare
is a Ample Creature,and
repofcth all her fafety
in fwiftnefs, wherein Hie
ufeth many iliifts to help
herfelf withal, both to
defend herfelf from the peril of the Hounds ,
and to fruftrate the endeavours of the Huntf-
men. She naturally feareth the Eagle, Hawk,
Fox and Wolf, her natural Enemies.lt is llrange
which fome have written of Hares, that their
Nature is, for the felf fame to be fometimes
_Male, and fometimes Female. Such an one al-
fo (as Poets write ~) was Tirefias of Thebes ,
who being a man , became a woman, and fo
continued feven years, and then returned a-
gain to his former (h ape.' Afterward a great
Controverfie rifing betwixt Jupiter and Ju-
no , whether the man or the woman were
more infatiate of Venery , or took raoft de-
light therein, he was chofen Arbitrer in
the matter , and gave the Garland to Juno
and the Female Sex, as being invincible in the
incounters of Venus, ,

He beareth Azure,
three Hedghogs , Or,
by the Name of Abra-
h.ill. The Hedghog
fignifieth a man expert
in gathering of Sub-
ftance,and one that pro-
vidently laieth hold up-
on preferred opportuni-
ty, and fo making Hay
(as we fay Proverbially) whilft the Sun fhines,
prevented! future want.

field in
¥)om.

He beareth Azure, a
Cheveron between 3
Hedghogs or Urchins,
Argent, by the Name
of Mainfiont ; and is the
Coat-Armour of Mr.
William Mam ft one, alias
Maynejton, of London ,
Merchant , lineally de-
fended from Thomas
Mainftone of TJrchin-
Herefordjhire, tempore Ed-w. 5. Anno
1372.

He beareth Argent,
three Moles, Sable ,
their Snout and Feet,
by the Name of Nan-
gothan, or Mangotham,
a Family, as I take it, of
Scotland. I could not
well here term thefe
Moles proper , becaufe
there be many white
Moles ; which colour, whether in them it is
occafioned by age or not, I will not here di-
fpute. The Mole in Latin is called Talpa, from
the Greek word Tuj*2 ( , t*^J, Cacas, Cacitas.

He beareth Argent ,
a Cheveron between 3
Moles, Sable, by the
Name of Twifleton ;
and with the Arms of
Ulfier, is the Coat-Ar-
mour of Sir John Twifle-
ton oPDartford inKent,
Baronet ; as alfo of Ri-
chard T-wifietou of
Z)rar in the Weft-Riding ot Torkpnre,YX^

And hitherto we have handled fuch Terre-
ftrial Animals only, as are called Vivipara, be-
caufe they do bring forth living Creatures ;
whereas the other Terreftrials do bring forth
eggs, and are therefore named Ovipara, of
which fort we will fpeak in the next place.

CHAP.

Chap.XVII.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

153

CHAP. XVII.

THIS other fort of four-footed Egg-
bearing Animals ( as I may fo term
them) notwithllanding that in many
things they have no fmall reiemblance with
man, as well touching the faculties of the ve-
getable foul, as alfo the parts of the body ; yet
are they far more unlike us, than thofe that
bring forth a living Creature. And albeit that
thefe Egg-breeding four-footed Animals do
confift of the fame bodily parts that the Vivi-
para, or Animal-producing do, and of the four
humours that are anfwerable in quality to the
four Elements, and have all parts , as well in-
ternal as external fenfes,and many other things
wherein they do communicate with the Vivi-
fara ; yet are there many other things where-
in they differ not only from thefe,but alfo even
amongft themfe'ves one from another of them.
For neither do we find in thefe that quicknefs
of wit that we obferve in others , neither like
parts of ftrength of body that the other
have.

Like as man Q efpecially in his foul ) ap-
proacheth near unto God in likenefs : fo in like
manner do other Animals refemble man, where-
in they do participate with man in likenefs af-
ter fome fort, but in divers degrees; forafmuch
as fome of them have more, and fome left like-
nefs with us than others have.

There it not (faith Beda) amongft theZJui-
verfal Works of Nature, anyone thing fo lit-
tle, or of fo iafe eftcem, wherein a man can-
not fnd fome Divine thing worthy of admira-
tion. No left (faith Farnefim~) may we ad-
mire the force of a filly Flea, than the hugenefs
and ftrength of an Elephant.

Not without reafon doth the Husbandman
prognosticate the approach of fome great
ihowerof Rain by the croaking of Frogs more
frequent than ufually ; whereupon he faith ,
that thiy do cry for rain. For this Obfervati-
on is grounded upon a Phyfical Reafon, Omne
enim fimile gaudet foe fimili , & ftta natura
utili ai • convenient i ; every like is delighted
with his like , and with that whiclj, is commo-
dious and agreeable to his Nature. Since then
that Frogs are exceedingly delighted with wa-
ter, as with that which beft agreeth with their
Nature ; therefore when they do apprehend a
forefenfe of Rain they do rejoice.and do tellifie
their joy by finging after their manner.

Animals of bale efteem, and of no induflry,
have ( for the mod part ) not only four , but
manifold feet : whereby we are admoniihed,
that perverfe and evil difpofed perfons have
multiplicities of affections, in rTpedt that by
the motion of the feet our bodies are perduced
from place to place ; fo do our affections tranf-
ferr us from one delight to another , according

to that faying, Pes metis, ajecttts mens; eofe-
ror, quocimque feror.

Though fome perhaps may efleem thefe
Egg-bearing Animals unworthy the dignity of
Coat- Armour; yet for my own part, I hold
their bearing to be no lels honourabie,than ma-
ny of thofe that in common eftimation are re-
puted far more worthy; infomuch that fneV
may well befeem the bearing of the greateft
Potentate. For if it pleafed the Sovereign
King of Kings toufe them as his fpecial lni.ru-
ments to challife the llubbornefs of fuch as re-
belled againft his Ordinance, and to arm thofe
his minute and weak Creatures , with fuch an
incredible boldnefs, as that they feared not the
face or forces of men, but that the very Frogs
entred the houfes and chambers of the Egyp-
tians, upon the people, into their ovens, and
into their kneadmg-throughs ; yea, even into
King Pharaoh's Chamber , and upon his Bed.
Moreover, if God hath vouchfafed to give to
the Cralhopper,the Canker-worm, the Catter-
piller, and the Palmer-worm, the honourable
Title of his huge great Army: Why mould we
prize them at fo low a rate, as that we fliould
difdain to bear them in Coat- Armour ? Since
God faith by the Prophet Joel, I will render
you the years which the Grajhopper hath eaten,
the Canker-worm , and the Catterfiller , and
the Palmer-worm, my great Hoft which Ifent
among you.

It is therefore to be obferved, that they alfo
have their actions not to be omitted in Blazon,
albeit not in that variable manner, nor yet fo
copious as fome others. And becaufe they are
far different from thofe formerly handled, not
only in lhape, but alio in the manner of their
living,in their gate and actions ; therefore muft
they receive adivers manner of blazon. They
are called in Latin Refill/ a,or creeping things-
Quia reptant fupcr t err am. And here we mult
diftinguilh between thofe things que reptant,
which creep, as Frogs, Ants, &c. and thofe
qua jerpnnt, which glide, as Snakes; which
latter kind we mall fpeak ot afterward.

But here we mention thofe Reptiles which
are grefiible, fuch as by means of their feet are
able to go ftep by ftep from one place to ano-
ther ; lo termed * gradiendo, which is pro-
ceeding by degrees : And hitherto clfo are re-
ferred fuch as by skipping, mounting, or leach-
ing, raife their bodies above ground , and 'fi
alter their ftation, place, or leat. Of whicft
kinds fome have four feet, fome have more.
Such as have four feet only, are thefe that fol-
low with their like.

I have omitted in this Edition that Efcoche-
on Sol, charged with three Toads erected, Sa-
turn, which according to fome Authors,' was
the Coat-Armour of the ancient Kings of
France ; becaufe fince my lalt Edition 1 find
great variety of opinions concerning this mat-
ter, of which I have given a touch in the firft
Chapter of the firft Section. And in lieu thereof
Y I

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Seft. HI.

I do wefent you with the ancient Coat- Armour
Kingdom.

He beareth Argent,
three Toads erected, Sa-
ble , by the Name of
Botereux of Cornwall,
which Family long fince"
there llourifned, as you
may read in Learned
Camden. Toads and
Frogs do communicate
this natural property,
that when they fit, they hold their heads ftea-
dv and without motion: which (lately adion
Lrcer in his Shepherds Calender, calleth the
Lor dim of Frogs. The bearing of Toads (at-
ter the opinion of fome Armorilts) do figmfie
ahafty cholerickman, thatiseafily flirred up
to anger, whereuntohe is naturally prone ot
himfelf, having an imbred poifon from his
birth.

He beareth Vert, a
Tortois paifant, Argent,
by the Name of Gawdy;
and is born by Sir
Charles Gawdy of
Crows-hall in T)eben-
ham in Suffolk , Knight
and Baronet; as alfo
(with due differences )
by Charles Gawdy of
Stapleton, and Anthony
Gawdy of 1 pjwich, .both
of the fdd County, Efquires. The fhels of the
Arcadian Tortoifes are very great, therefore
out of them they do make Harps , whereot
Mercury is laid to be the Inventor ; who find-
ing a Tortois left upon the Rocks after the fal-
ling of the River Nilm, the flefli being con-
fumed, andthefinuesthat remained dried up,
he ftrake them with his hand, and they made
a kind of Mufical found, whereupon he framed
it into a Harp, which caufed others to imitate
his practice, and to continue the fame unto this
day.

He beareth Azure ,
a Tortois erected, Or,
by the Name of Cooper.
This Efcocheon I have
caufed to be inferted in
this Edition , to manifeft
the various bearing of
this greffible Reptile in
Armory.

Bar a in his Book intituled , Les Blazoiies
dez Armories, giveth an Example of two Li-
zards, ere&ed one againft another (as if they
were combatant) and termeth them rampant,
a term very unfitly applied to Reptiles , to

whom the terms of mountmg,leaping, or skip-
ping are much more proper. To this headmurt
be reduced Crocodiles, Salamanders, Chameli-
ons, Ewets, Lizards, and whatfoever other
Egg-bearing Reptile, having only four lect, as
to their natural and proper place There reft-
eth yet one other fort of this kind of Reptiles,
which are diverfiy fhaped from all the former,
and are called in Latin Jnfecla ammalia ; be-
caufe that being divided in their body between
their head and belly, their parts do feernio di-
vided, as if they hang'd only together by final}
firings • having no fielh, blood, hnues,&c. And
there are alfo bffeBa which flie ; but here we
fpeakonlyof Terreftrials , leaving the other
to their due place. And becaufe inch bearing
is rare, I am inforced (rather than to pafs them
over with filence) toufe Coats of Device, for
expreffing their fundry forms , as in Exam-
ple.

He beareth Or , a
Cobweb, in the Center
thereof a Spider, pro-
per. The Spider is born
free of the Weavers
Company; (lie fludieth
not the Weavers Art ,
neither hath flie the
fluff whereof flie makes
her thread from any
where elfe, than out of her own womb from
whence ftie draweth it ; whereof, through the
agility and nimblenefs of her feet, flie weaveth
Gins, and dilateth, contratteth, and knitteth
them in form of a Net. And with the threads
that Ihe draweth out of her body, Ihe repair-
eth all rents and wracks of the fame. Not un-
aptly is mans life refembkd to a Spiders Web,
which is wrought with much care and dili-
gence, and is fuddenly marred with the leaft
occurrent that may befall it. For that it is pro-
traded with much care and diligence, and fud-
denly ended by fwallowing of a crum, or hair,
or fome other leffer accident ( iflefs may be.)
In like manner Sophiftical Arguments are like-
ned to Spiders webs , for that they are framed
with much artificial cunning , and yet are fit for
noufebut to intangle flies and weak capacities.
And to like purpofe doth the Poet compare the
execution of Laws to Cobwebs, faying,

Laws like Spiders webs are wrought,
Great pes efcape and Jmallare caught.

Upton faith, Tliat he hathfeen Spiders bom in
Coat- Armour by a certain Lumbar d. By the
Spider we may underftand a painful and indu-
ftrious perfon , occupied in fome honeft and
necelfary bufinefs ; a man careful of his private
eftate, and ot good forefight in repairing of
fmall decays, and preventing of wracks. The
| Spider herfelf is poifonful and deadly, yet is
her web reckoned an Antidote againft poifon,

not-

Chap.XVII.

A Dijflay of Heraldry.

notwithstanding the fame is extracted out of
her womb, In like fort Q faith JElianus') out
of the poifonful contagion and infectious ve-
■nome of fin and tranjgrejfwn , the Sovereign
powers do take occafion to extract and eftabltfti
■wholfome and profitable Laws againfi filch no-
torious crimes. Of the Spider Solomon wri-
teth in this manner , The Spider taketh hold
with her hands, and is in Kings Palaces.

A very remarkable Note doth Famefius pro-
pofe unto us , taken from this poor defpifed
Creature the Spider, touching the Procreation
of Children : It is a matter of great confe-
quence of what Parents a man is defcended.
If we defire ( faith he ) to have a good race
of Horfes, a litter of [fecial good Hounds for
game , choice 'Plants and Stocks to plant our
Orchards and Gardens with delectable fruits,
do we not ufe our uttermofl endeavour to effect
them ? How much greater Jhould our care and
providence be in the procreation of our Chil-
dren 1 The firft inftruttion that the Children
receive, ps in the veins and bowels of their
'Parents, whereof we may take an Example
from Spiders , which are no Jooner hatched
and excluded out of their Eggs, but forthwith
they prattife to make webs, as if they had
brought with them (_ even out of their Mo-
thers womb ~) together with their life,the ar-
tificial skiU of webbing. Holy and reverent
is that piety that we owe to our Parents; Pa-
rens enim eft genitor, parens patria , parens
deniqueeftipfe Deus. For he that begot us is
our parent , our Couutrey is our parent , and
laftly God himfelf is our parent.

It hath been often queftioned, Why the Fa-
ther loveth the Son more dearly, tenderly, and
affectionately, than the Son doth the Father.
The Reafon is this, Quia patris amor infilium
a natura eft, fill] mparentem ab officio. The
affectionate love of the Father proceedeth of
Nature, that of the Son of duty. Therefore
the facred Law hath decreed, Amab'u patrem
(3 matrem tuam,Thoufljalt love thy Father and
Mother, but not contrariwife : For where the
Law of Nature fpeaketh, there is no need it
fhould be aflifted by Commandment. Not-
withstanding (even naturally) the love of the
Son to the Father is great.

We may learn (faith Zanc hi its') by thefe
minute Animals, how many and how great in-
structions we m^y receive from the univerfal
number of "Creatures, that God hath given us
for Injlructors and teachers of Moral TDifci-
pline , jo that we will open cur eyes to behold
them , and liften to God's disciplining us in
them.

Admirable doubtlefs is the Omnipotency of
God in thefe Creatures; for as St. Hierome
faith, Epift. ad Heliod. Creatorem non in Ccelo
tanttim miramur, (Sc. We do not admire God's
power in heaven only , and in the earth the
Sun, Elephants, Camels, Oxen, Boars, Li-
ons, Sr. but alio in his JmaHeft Creatures , the

Ant, Flea, Fly, and fmall Worm, and others
of like kind , whoje bodies or fljapes are bet-
ter known untonts than their names.

So much were the Ifraelites alfotted in Ido-
latry, as that they efteemed beafts for gods, as
appeateth Wifd. iz. 24. For they went aftray
far in the ways of errour, and efteemed the
beafts, which their enemies defpifed, for gods j
being abufed after the manner of children that
have no under ft atiding.

So long is any Animal or living Creature
faid to have life, as he hath breath and the ex-
ercife thereof. And this Rule holdeth not on-
ly in fourfooted Animals, but alfo in thofe that
we call Infetta, and in gliding Animals alfo ,
as both Galen and 'Pliny do teach ; though A-
riftotle denieth thefe latter to have breath,but
therein he fpeaketh comparatively, viz. in re-
flect of other Animals, that do attract and de-
liver their breath more ftrongly and more fen-
fibly, they feem to have no breath at all.

One Example more I will propofe , which
lhall be of the Emmet , as in this next Ef~
cocheon.

mm-

*3r

He beareth Argent,
eleven Emmets, three,
two, three, two , one,
Sable.Of this filly Crea-
ture alfo doth Solomon
make mention , faying,
The Tijmires a people
not ftrong , yet prepare
they their meat in Sum-
mer. To this fimple
and feeble Creature is the flothful man fent to
learn wifdome ; where it is faid , Go to the
Tifmire, O fluggard, behold her ways and be
wife. For fhe having no guide, governour, nor
ruler, prepareth her meat in the fummer , and
gather eth her food in the harveft, ©r. Very
often do the Sacred Scriptures propofe unto us
Examples of brute Creatures, as well to up-
braid us with our vices, as to (fir us up unto
vertue. For as there are in man fparks of the
underftanding and practice of heavenly fpirits,
even fo thebruteAnimals have certain lhadows
or footfteps of the vertuous qualities that are
or ought to be in men. Moreover Job 11. 7.
Ask now the beafts and the fowls of the hea-
vens, and they jhall tell thee ; or fpeak to the
earth, and it will ftjew thee; or the fiflj of
the Sea, and they {halt declare unto thee. And
by the leaft of God's Creatures may we learn
many exemplary inducements to vertue, as al-
fo many forcible diifwafions from vice, by rea-
fon of the apparent figns of the wifdome,pow-
er, and mercy of God that are found in them.
By the Emmet or Pifmire may be fignified a
man of great labour, wifdome, and providence
in all his affairs, and of a pregnant and ready
memory.

The "Examples hitherto produced are taken
ouly from Reptiles grcrTible , and though of
Y 2 that

A Difflay of Heraldry.

tliatkmdwhkhhath more than four feet, I
have alledged onlv the two laft Examples or In-
(eft a yet there are fome other of many feet ,
which are not Injefla ; as the Palmer-worm ,
Cheeflip, Kitchinbobs, which being touched,
gather themfelves round like a Ball , and fuch
hke, which muft be referred to the fame head.
And befides all thefe , there are yet otlierfome
which be both greiiible and volant ; fuch are
thofe, that having their livelyhood only upon
the earth, by the help of a kind of wings they
oftentimes change their place for the acquiring
of their fuftenance, as in Example.

He beareth Gules, a
Gralliopper in Fefs paf-
farrc, Or. Graflioppers
( faith Vliny ) do fly
•with wings made like
'Pellicles or fine skins.
The Males of the Graf-
hoppers do fing in the
Summer fcafon, but the
Females are filent.
Whereupon the Emmet.who did work (whiles
the other did fing) taketh occafion (as it is in
the Fable)to taunt their flothmlnefs and pover-
ty, faying, Aiflate qu£ cantaveris, in Hyeme
(alia. You that fung all Summer, may go
Hiake your heels in the Winter. Among the
Athenians the Grafhoppers were holden for a
fpecialnote of Nobility; and therefore they
tiled to wear golden Graflioppers in their hair
( as Tieruts noteth ~) to fignifie thereby that
they were defended of noble race and home-
bred. For fuch is the natural property of the
Gralliopper, that in what Soil he is bred, in the
fame he will live and die ; for they change not
their place , nor hunt after, new habitations.
Hereupon Antiflhenes took occafion to fcofF at
the Athenians, faying, That in thu property
they did communicate with Tortoifes and Co-
des, born and living in the fame Jhels. Solo-
vion reckoneth the Gralliopper for one of the
four fmall things in the earth that are full of
Wifdome , faying , The Grapopper hath no
King, y etgo they forth all by bands.

There are other of this kind, whofe wings
are lefs manifeft than the Graflioppers, becaufe
they are clofed in a kind of cafe that can hard-
ly be difcerned , but when they are preparing
to fly ; for which refpecl they are called Vagi-
penme ( faith Calepine ) Quia alas vagmis
auibufdam inclufas habent, for carrying their
wings fheathed ; as the Hartfly, Beetle, Lady-
cow, Sic. which, together with Locufts, and
fuch other as are both greiiible and volant, and
many-legged, are to be reduced to this head ,
as to their proper and natural place. I will
clofe up all thefe with one Example of the Scor-
pion, which RLlianus and others report to be
winged in /Egypt and India, though he doubts
whether they are not rather bred by the heat
of the Sun, than by copulation ; and if by this

Seft. 111.

latter, whether they come of Eggs , or come
forth living.

He beareth Argent ,
a Cheveron, Gules, be-
tween three Scorpions
reverfed, Sable , by the
Name of Cole. 'Tier ins
in his Hieroglyphicks ,
faith , That if a man
flricken with a Scorpion
fit upon an Afi with his
face towards the tail
of the Afi, his pain /hall pafi out of him into
the Afs , which Jhall be tormented for him.
In my opinion, he that will believe this, is the
Creature that muft be ridden in this cafe ; but
that the oyl of Scorpions is a Chief cure againft
their own ltinging,is an ancient obfervation. And
it is a Rule of Equity , That where the wrong
is offered, there the amends fliould be made.
And as thefe in this Efcocheon are born with an
Ordinary betwixt them, fofometimes are they
born upon Ordinaries ( according to a general
Rule premifed ) as may be feen in a Window
of S.Gile s's in the Fields in Middle 'ex, where
is born in an Efcocheon, Gules, three Pallets,
Verrey, on a Chief, Or, a Scorpion erected ,
Sable. And thus much of Greflibles of all

CHAP. XVIII.

NOW touching fuch Creatures as we
termed Gliding : Thofe may proper-
ly be faid to be fuch , which having
no feet at all , do yet move , and as it were
Hide from place to place ; fome more (lowly ,
but otherlome with a certain volubility and
flexible agitation of the body do make their
fpeedy way upon the earth, with many pliant,
bowings; and of thefe alfo, fome have for co-
verture their skin only , fome both skin and
(hell alfo. Of the former fort are thofe now
following, with their like.

The Field is Gules ,
an Adder nowed * Or,
by the Name of Na-
thiley-Theve isa natural
antipathy between Man
and Serpents of all kinds;
in which literal fenfe,
that was verified which
God promifed , That
there ihould be Enmity
betwixt the Womans feed and the Serpents;
though a fpiritual Enmity betwixt Chnft and
the Devil ( that old Serpent ) was principally
foretold. The Serpent is very prudent and fub-
tile, either to hurt other, or to fave himfelf:

Bur

Chap. XIX.

A Difplayof Heraldry.

But his fpecial care is to defend his head, know-
ing that part to be the principal, and withal
the weakeft. This here enfolded may feem
to be one of the Locks of that monftrous Dame
Medufa, every hair of whofe head was faid to
be a Snake. And indeed Albertm faith, That
the hair of a woman, taken at fame jeafans
and laid in dung, will become very •venomous
Serpents. Which fome have fuppofed to befal
that Sex for the ancient familiarity it had at
firft with that accurfed Serpent.

To the four-footed Egg-bearing Animals do
the Serpents come very nigh , as alfo other
Reptiles, For all Serpents have blood, flefh,
finews, and other like parts as four-footed Ani-
mals have, although not in that perfection that
they have them. They are indowed alfo with
head, noftrils, eyes, tongue, teeth, and with
lights and fpleen, and other inward parts and
bowels of the body, but much difcrepant from
the members and bowels of all others

Notwithflanding that Serpents are far une-
qual to four-footed Animals, both in lhape and
ftrength ;yct will they not give place to many
of them for fharpnefs of wit. It is a Creature
full of fubtilty, as teftifieth, GV».}. And
the Serpent was more fubtile than any Bea jt of
the field: For befides his exterior fenfes, he is
crafty and fubtile in preferving his life , in ma-
king choice of his lurking dens, in acquiring
his food, in hatching up his brood, in expelling
from him , and putting off his old ilough. So
that for good cauie did our Saviour exhort us
(in goodnefs) to imitate the wifdome of the
Serpent.

Thefe few Examples may ferve inftead of
many, which might be brought of Serpents of
fundry other names and natures, which all are
hitherto be referred. Now let us fee one Ex-
ample of fuch gliding or Hiding Animals as are
more flow-paced, and have both skin and fhell
to cover them ; of which number is the Snail ,
reckoned of all other that are born in Coat-
Armour, the floweft And no marvel , fince
it carrieth on her back no lefs a burden than her
whole houfe ; for which caufe flie is called Tar-
digrada Uomiporta , the flow-going Houfe-
bearer.

He beareth Sable, a
Fefs between 3 Houfe-
fnails, Argent, by the
Name of Shelley. Thcfe
are called Houfe-fnails ,
either becaufe they fo
carry their Houfes up-
on their back, whereby
they be aptly diftin-
guifhed from the Car-
oen-fnail, that hath no hcufe or fhell ; or be-
caufe ufually thev breed about old houfes. The
bearing of the Snail doth fignifie, that much
deliberation muft be ufed in matters of great
difficulty and importance ■ For albeit the Snail

goeth mod flowly , yet in time, by her con-
ltancy in her courfe, fhe afcendeth the top of
the higheft Tower, as the worthy and learned
Gentleman Mr. Carew of Antony, hath wittily
moralized in his Poem intituled, The Herrings
Tail. It is alfo fabled, that when the Snail
and the Hare were to go a journey for a wager,
the Hare confident of his Footman/hip, refol-
ved to take a nap by the way ; the Snail know-
ing he had nothing to trull to but his indefati-
gable perfeverance, came to his ways end be-
fore the Hare could awake. But a worfe thing
in the Snails going is this, that wherefoever he
goeth, he leaveth fuch marks and lines, that
a man may as eafily track him, as a young
Thief that is not yet perfect in his trade. And
thus by little and little have we alfo with the
Snail ended one part of our journey concern-
ing Animals Terreftria! , or which live upon
the earth : And becaufe we have yet much
way to travel , we will now take wings, and
will mount up with fuch Creatures as live a-
bovethe earth.

CHAP. XIX.

A Second general Member of our Divifion
of living Creatures, concerning fuch as
live above the Earth in the Air , as are
the Fowls and Birds of all forts : and as we di-
ftinguifhed the former by their feet,fo the fame
Method we will follow'in thefe. Their feet
therefore are in fome whole or conjoyned ; in
others divided. The whole-footed do in a fort
referable the palm of a mans hand, and are
therefore in Latin called Talnupedes ; iuch as
the Swan, Goofe, Duck, and for the moft part
all River Fowls, as partly ihall appear hereaf-
ter by Examples. But here I hold it necefTary,
entring into this Difcourfe, to fet down fome
general Rules or Notes concerning the bearing
of Birds or Fowls, that the Readermayknow
whither to refort for a refolution of fuch doubts
as may arife touching their bearing. Fowls or
Birds are of more worthy bearing in Coat-
Armour than Fifties, becaufe they do more
participate of air and fire ( the two nobleft and
highelt Elements p than of water or earth.
All fowls, of whatfoever kind, muft be born
in Coat- Armour , as is beft fitting the proprie-
ty of their natural actions , of going , fitting,
ftanding, flying, 8£d Otherwifefuch Armory
(hall be faid to be falfe , becaufe Ars imitatur
natnram in quantum polefl ; Art as much as
poffible it can, doth imitate Nature. All Birds
are muttered under the name of Fowls, as un-
der their Genus or General, and fo may feem
(_ after a fort) to be one. Neverthelefs,in their
Species, or feveral kinds, they differ much
touching their particular qualities ; for fome of
them are Ample , fome others fubtile , fome

folitarv,

A Biff lay of Heraldry.

Se<a.III.

folitary, fome fociable, fome melodious, fome
articulate, fome docible, fome doltiih and in-
docible, lbme of long continuance , and fome
only of a few months lading. Leigh faith ,
Th.it Birds in an E[cocheon Jhall be numbred
unto Ten, and if i hey exceed that number, then
they frail be faid to be fans number,,//;^ Jljall be
fo blazotied.Vut Chajjanem hkh,that they Jhall
be numbred unto fixteev. ; and of fuch bearing
and blazoning he giveth inftances of Monfieur
Montmoraucie, and of the Lord Lovale.

Concerning the beaks or bills and feet of
Birds, mod Armorifts finding them to be of a
different colour from the relt of the body, do
term them all generally membred. But under
reformation of the skill, I hold, that as there
is a difference in the Nobility of Birds,fo ought
they to have diftind terms of blaZon:So that all
thofe that either are whole-footed , or have
their feet divided , and yet have no Tallons,
iliould be termed membred. But the Cock, and
alfo all Birds of prey, fhould be termed in bla-
zon armed ; forafmucli as Nature hath aflign-
cd the Cock ( being a Bird much addicted to
battel) fpurs ; and to the Birds of prey, fharp
and hooked beaks and tallons, not only for en-
counter and defence , but alfo to feize upon ,
gripe, and rend their prey, and are to them as
teeth and claws unto Lions, Tigres, and other
fierce Beads. Similium enim fimilis eft ratio ;
where the things are like, the reafon is like.
It is generally obferved , that amongft Fowls
of prey, the Female is the nobleft and moft
hardy, which Nature did fo provide, becaufe
(befidcs her own fufteaance) the care of feed-
ing her young doth efpecially lie on theFemale;
and therefore if fhe Iliould be timorous or cow-
ardly, Hie would not be able to provide food
for herfelf and thetn.Such Fowls (Taith ZJptoii)
aieither in refpeel of their uniformity do never
change colour naturally, or by nature are di-
ver fly coloured , Jljall be only named in blazon,
and no mention at all made of their colours, but
jhall be termed proj>er-,unlcfs they either in fart,
or in whole, be bom of Jome other colour than
u natural (o them. In the blazoning of Fowls
much exercifed in flight, if their wings be not
difplaied, they fliall be faid to be born clofe ;
as lie beareth an Eagle, F alcon, Swallow, Sic.
clofe. As in other forementioncd Creatures ,
fo in Fowls alfo, befides the whole bearing, the
parts or members are alfo ufually born in Coat-
Armour, as the heads, wings , feathers , and
Legs : and both couping and erafmg are as in-
cident unto the parts of Fowls , as of thofe
TerreMals, as by Examples following Hull ap-
pear ; wherein I will firfl begin with River
Fowls Q which for the moft part are whole-
footed) ufmg neither curioufnefs in their form
of placing, or copioufnefs in their number,- but
only that by the afiiftance of fome few chief
Examples, that which hath been delivered by
Precepts and Rules, may be the more eafily un-
derftood.

He beareth Gules , a
Swan, Argent , by the
Name of Leigham. All
River Fowls have their
tails Ihorter than other
Birds ; wherein Nature
hath providently or-
dained, that the length
of their tail lhould not
be any impediment to
them in their fwiming, diving, or riming. The
Swan is a Bird of great beauty and flrength al-
fo : and this is reported in honour of him, that
he ufeth not his ltrength to prey or tyrannize
over any other Fowl, but only to be revenged
on fuch as firft offer him wrong ; In which caje
(Taith Ariftole~) he often jubdneth the Eagle.
This Bird is dedicated to Venus, whofe white
colour denoteth fincerity ; yet Leda was by
fupter deceived, when in that lhape he fled
into her Lap, when he was purfued by the Ea-
gle.

He beareth Sable , a
Swan with her wings
expanfed, Argent,mem-
bred, Or , within a bor-
durc engrailed of the
fame, by the Name of
Moore. The Swan ne-
ver encounters with any
other of his own kind ,
but in thefe two cafes :
Firft, if any other be a
Rival in his love, orof-
fer to court his mate ; in which quarrel he will
be revenged to the death : alfo, if another in-
croach upon his polfeflion and place of haunt ,
he is never at quiet till he hath expulfed him.
And thefe two points are caufes of moft quar-
rels amongft the nobleft Spirits.

Azure, a Bend en-
grailed between two
Signets Royal, Argent,
gorged with Ducal
Crowns with ftrings re-
flexed over their backs,
Or. This is the Pa-
ternal Coat-Armour of
Sir Charles Titfield of
Hoxton in the Parifh of
St. Leonards Shoreditch
in Middlefex , Kt. de-
fended of the ancient Family of the Titfelds
of Symonsbury in the County of Tlorfet.

Chap.XlX.

A D iff lay of Heraldry.

i 59

He beareth Azure, a
Bend, Or; between two
Swans, Argent , by the
Name of jeiujim ; and
is the Coat-Armour of
Thomas Jenifonof Elf-
wick in Northumber-
land , Efq; Maior of
Newcastle upon Tyne
for the year 1675-.

Argent, on a Bend ,
Culcs , between three
Ogrelfes,as many Swans
proper, by the Name of
Clark, and is the Coat-
Armour of Sir Francis
Clark of the City of
London, Kt. of George
Clark of Watford in
Northamftonjijire, Efq;
of Robert Clark of Long

Buckley, and of Samuel Clark of Nort on ]oot\\
of the laid County, Efquires.

He beareth Azure ,
two Swans, Argent, be-
tween as many Flan-
ches , Ermyn , by the
Name of Melijli of Lon-
don, clefcended from the
Family of the Melijhes
of Sander fled in Surrey.

He beareth Azure ,
three Swans necks era-
fed,proper,by the Name
of Lacy. It feemeth
thefe Swans died a vio-
lent death, by the rent-
ing off their Necks : but
for their natural death ,
divers write, that it is fo
acceptable unto them ,
that forefeeing the fame, they fing for joy,
which they never do in their young days. In
which refped, asalfofor his whitenefs (the
colour ot iincerity ) he was by the Ancients
called Apollo % Bird; becaufe thofe that are
learned, know beft how to cpntemn this life,
and to die with refolution and comfort j and at-
fo for that good Arts mould have fincerity and
purity joyned with it, but not fuch as is in mew
only , and outward ; for therein indeed the
Swans purity is too Puritanical, in that in his
feathers & outward appearance he is all white,
but inwardly his body and flcfli is very black.

He beareth Sable, }
Swans necks couped ,
proper , by the Name
of Squire. Here you
ihall not need to menti-
on either the metal of
thefe necks , being Ar-
gent , or yet their mem-
bring, being Gules , be-
caule they be both na-
tural to the Swan. But if either of them dif-
fered from their natural colour, then mould
you make fpecial mention thereof. Moreover
in thefe and other Fowls, that are not much ex-
ercifed in flight, you ihall not need to fpeak of
their clofeneis : only if their wings be open ,
then (hall you take notice thereof.

He beareth Gules,
a Cheveron, Argent,be-
tween three wild Duks
volant, proper, by the
Name of Wolrich. The
wild Duck hath many
fhrewd enemies,as Men,
Dogs, and Hawks ; and
therefore Nature hath
a/lifted her with many
fhifts ; when any man lays wait for them, they
fly to the water; when the Eagle purfueth
them there, they dive under water ; when the
Spaniel moleits them there alfo, they mount
into the Air : by which varieties they often
beguile the hopes of their purfuers.

He beareth Argent,
a Stork ,SabIe,membred,
Gules. This Coat per-
tainefh to the Family of
Starkey in Che/hire ,
where now refideth Jo.
Shirley of IVrenbury ,
Efq; Thomas Starkey of
Stretton, Efq; Ralph
Starkey of Morfanny ,
Efq; and John Starkey of T)arley, Efq; In
this Fowl we may obferve the true and lively
image of a Son ; for whatfoever duty a Son
oweth to his Parents, they all are found and
obferved in the Stork. The duties of a Son to
the father are four : The firft is of love, the fe-
condof honour, the third of obedience, the
la/l is of aid and fuccour. F orafmuch as he
receiveth life by his Father ( than which no-
thing is more defirable) lie is compelled by the
Laws of Nature to love his Father. And where-
as it is the part and duty of a Father to bring
up and inftrucl: his Son in vertue, and that ver-
tue hath no other reward than honour; unkfs
the Son do give honour to the Father, he doth
violate or rather lofe the name of a Son. Be-
caufe alfo he receiveth nourilhment from his
Father, wherein confifterh the Mentation of

life;

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

Se£UH.

life; there is nothing compnfcd under this
name of fuftentation, that the Son l'ecmeth not
to owe to his Father: finally, iorafrauch as
the F ather is God's Vicegerent, the Son, next
unto God, is bound to obey his Parents. Thcfe
are the things that Nature, or rather God in
Nature teaclieth us by the Stork j Natura e-
iiim nihil agit , mfi aterim covjiliis , Natufe
doth nothing but by God's fpecial direction/

He beareth Azure,
three Storks rifing, pro-
per , by the Name of
Gibfon. The Stork is
a Bird moft careful of
her young; and there-
fore Nature requireth
that her care, for their
young do take the like
care ior them in their
old age. Whence it is,
that the Stork is the Emblem of a grateful man.
In which refpecT: Milan writeth of a Stork,
which bred on the houfe of one who had a ve-
ry beautiful wife, which in her husbands ab-
fence ufed to commit adultery with one of her
bafe fervants ; which the Stork obferving, in
gratitude to him who freely gave him houfe-
room , flying in the Villains face, ftruck out
both his eyes.

He beareth Gules, j
Herons, Argent, by the
Name of Heron. This
with the Arms of VI-
jter, is the Coat-Ar-
mour of Sir Cutbert He-
run ofChipchaje m Nor-
thumberland, Baronet.

He beareth Gules, a
Cheveron, Ermyn, be-
tween three Herons,
Argent. This is the
Coat-Armour of John
Heron oUGodmanchefler
in Huntiugton/hire, Efq;
Confellor at Law, who
deriveth his defcent
from Sir John Heron, or
Hamw, Kt. w ho came
into England with 1 Villi am the Conqueror,and
married the daughter and heir of Sir William
Chepeehafe, or Chipches, of Chipchafe Cafile in
Northumberland, Kt. of the Saxon race ; and
by her had iflue Sir Roger Heron of Chipehafe
Cijile aibrefaid, Kt. lineal Anceftor of the faid
John.

Sable, a Cheveron, Ermyn, between three
Herons , Argent , is born by Sir Nathaniel
Heme of the City of London , Knight and Al-
derman.

He beareth Sable, a
Fefs between three
Sheldrakes, Argent, by
the Name of Sheldon;
and is the Coat-Armour
of Sir Jofef h Sheldon of
the City of London, Kt.
Lord Maior thereof An-
no 1676.

The Field is Azure, a
Cheveron between 3
Sterns clofe , Argent ,
membred, Gules. This
is the Paternal Coat-Ar-
mour of the ancient Fa-
mily of Duke of Bram-
pton in the County of
Suffolk, of which Sir
John Duke Baronet,
now refident at Benhall-lodge in the faid Coun-
ty, is the lineal defended Heir. And is alio
born by Tollemach Duke of Lincoln;-lnn in
Middlesex , Efq; Exiginter of his Majefties
Court of Common fleas for London, &c. Son
and Heir of Dr. Edward Duke oWonington in
Suffolk (by Eli zabeth his wife, only daughter
oi Robert , fecond fon of Sir Lionel Tollemach
of Bent ley and Helmingham ^ in the faid Coun-
ty , Baronet ) and lineally defcended of the
whole blood from the ancient Family of the
Dukes of Brampton and Shadingfield in the
faid County. The colour Azure reprefenteth
the Saphire ftone.whofe virtue, as Philosophers
write, operateth much in according difagree.
ments. This colour iu Armory by it fclf fio-.
niheth the Bearer thereof to be of a good dii-
pofition , and to merit perpetual renown. And
being compound with Argent, it denoteth the
Bearers vigilancy in his Sovereigns fervice.

Under thefe forts will I briefly comprehend
all River-Fowls whatfoever, -viz,, all fuch as
are whole-footed under the former; and all
Cranes, Herns, Cormorants , &c. under this
latter; for that albeit they be of the kind of
River-Fowls, yet have they their feet divided.

CHAP. XX.

AFTER thofe River-Fowls whole-footed
and divided, by order it now falleth
to hand that I fhould proceed to fuch
Fowls as do frequent, partly the Air, and part-
ly the Land ; of which fome are Fowls of
prey , otherfome are Predable , or fit to be
made a Prey.

Such asafe Fowls of prey have their Beaks
and Tallons evermore hooked and (harp: hook-
ed for fure feizing and detaining; and fharp for

fpeedy

Chap.XX.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

]

fpeedy rending and dividing thereof. Such are
Eagles of all forts, Vultures, Falcons, Gerfal-
cons, Sakers , Lanerts , Tercels , Sparhawks,
Marlins, Sic. as alfo Kites, Buzzards, Owls,&c.
Of Fowls (faith 'Pliny) thoj'e that have hook-
ed claws and tallons,are not fruitful breeders,
for the moflpart ; 'wherein Nature hath well
provided for all kinds of Fowls , that the
mightier Jbould not be (o copious as the weak-
er, and fitch as do fly from the tyranny of o-
thers. Some of thefe Fowls of prey are fj in
their kind) ennoblifhed by nature in as high
a degree of Nobility, as the chiefeft of the Ter-
reftnal Animals before handled. Such are thofe
that do much frequent the Air, as Eagles and
Hawks of all forts , which are much exercifed
in flying ; and albeit they do build their nefts,
and have their feeding upon the earth , yet is
their agitation above in the air. Therefore in
regard of the worthinefs of the Element where-
in they are chiefly occupied, I will begin with
Birds of prey, and after our former order, flrft
with their whole bearing , and fo defcend to
the parts ( promifcuoufly ) of fundry Birds ,
according to the dignity of their place,or more
noble ufe, as in Example.

The Field is Azure,
an Eagle difplayed, Ar-
gent, armed, Gules, on
a Canton of the fecond,
a finifter hand couped at
the wrift, as the third.
Thefe Arms appertain-
ed to the right worthy
Sir Robert Cotton of Cou-
nington in Hunting! ou-
Jbire Knight and Baronet , now deceafed a
learned Antiquary, and a Angular favourer and
preferver of all good learning and antique Mo-
numents.

Cajus Julius Cafar, Son of Lucius Cafar a
Roman, in the year before Chrift 52, having
conquered France , overcame alfo Caffibulan
King of Britain, and made the Ifland become
Tributary to him and his Succeffors 485 years,
at which time Confiantine of America obtained
the Kingdom; he bore Sol, an Eagle difplay-
ed, Saturn, armed, Mars.

Topaz, an Eagle difplayed, Diamond , was
the Coat ol Edwyn a Saxon, who at the time
of the Conqueft was Earl of Coventry ■ and
he with Eurl Swardus, and Marker his Bro-
ther, kept the Me of Ely againft the Conque-
ror; for which caul'e he was baniflied the King-
dom,and afterwards was flain in Scotland with-
out Illue.

Argent, an Eagle difplayed , Sable, is the
Coat-Armour of Sir Tbeopbilus Bidulph of
Eaft-Greenwicb in Kent.

Gules, ah Eagle difplayed, Or, is the Coat-
Armour of theUoddards of Norfolk.

The Eagle having her wirigs thus difplayed,
doth mamieft her induflrious exercife, in that
flie is not idle, but continually pra&ifeth that
courfe of life whereunto nature hath ordained
her: and doth (ignitie a man of aclion , ever-"-
more occupied in high and weighty affairs, and
one of a lofty fpirit, ingenious , fpeedy in ap-
prehenfion, and judicious in matters ol ambi-
guity. For amongft other noble qualities in
the Eagle, her fliarpnefs and ftrength of fight
is much commended ; and it is a greater ho-
nour to one of noble Off-fpring to be wife and
of ftiarp and deep unclerltandmg, than to be
rich or powerful, or great by birth. The Ea-
gle is the moft honourable bearing of Birds ;
and for its fwiftnefs of flight , was called the
Meffengerof the Gods.

He beareth Ermyn,
an Eagle difplayed ,
Gules , armed, Or, by
the Name of Bedding-
field. This is an ancient
Family , and of good
note in the Counties of
Suffolk and Norfolk;
and now pertaineth to
Sir Henry Bedding-field
of Oxborough , and dwelling at Beck-hall in
Norfolk, Baronet ; to Philip Beddingfield of
Ditchingham , and Cbriflopher Beddingfield
of Witeton, both of the fa id County, Efquires.
And in the County of Suffolk, to Sir TJjomaS
Beddingfield of Tlarfljam-ball, Kt. John Bed-
dingfield of Halejwortb , Efq; Henry Bed-
dingfield alfo of Hale/worth, Efq; and \ Francis
Beddingfield of Fleming-ball in Redlingfield ,
Gent.

The Eagle is faid to be Altivolans avis, art
high-faaring Bird, that fometime flieth fo high
a pitch, as that flie tranfcendeth the view of
man.She hath a tender care of her young: when
they be fligg or flufh ( as we fay ) and ready
for flight , then flie ftirreth up her neft and
fluttereth over them ; yea, flie taketh them on
her wings , and fo foareth with them through
the Air, and carrieth them aloft, and fo freeth
them from all danger. In that flie carrieth her
young ones rather upon her wings than in her
tallons, flie flieweth her tender care and love
that flie beareth unto them. She is abundant-
ly full of feathers , by means whereof flie gli-
deth through the Air very lightly, and maketh
way through the fame with great expedition
and {\v'Ane(s.Onr perfecutors (falthjeremiah)
are fwifter than the Eagles of heaven. And
again, zSam.i.i]. Saul and Jonathan were
fwifter than Eagles. The Crown of her head
is enlarged with baldnefs as her years are en-
creafed. As we may fee Michah 1.16. Make
thee bald and fljave thee for thy delicate chil-
dren : Enlarge thy baldnefi as the Eagle, for
Z they

i6a

Ihey are gone into captivity from thee. Wherein
the Prophet alludeth to the cuftomes of the j
Gentiles, who in the time of their mourning
ufed to (have their heads , and cut their fiefh,
and to fcorch the fame with ftigmatical marks,
which cuftqms God did expreily forbid the If-
rachtes to ufe, as appeareth Deuteronomy
14. i.

He bearcth Gules,
an Eagle difplayed, Or,
crowned, Argent,by the
Name of Greaves ; and
with the Arms of ZJl-
fterjs the Coat-Armour
of Sir Edward Greaves
of St. Leonards Foreji
in Snffex,and of Hariet-
JbaminKent , Baronet.
This Coat without the
Arms of &l[ier, and with its due difference, is
born by his brother Thomas Greaves, Dr. in
Divinity.

The Field is Jupiter,
an Eagle difplayed chec-
key, Sol and Mars. This
Coat-Armour ( accord-
ing to TSara~) pertaineth
to the Kingdom of Mo-
ravia. Albeit that this
kind of bearing may
feem ftrange to us in
England, yet it is very
common in Germany (faith Sir John Feme in
his Glory of Generojity) to bear Beaftsor any
quick thing of colours checkey, as well as any
other charge of dead thing. And notwith-
ftanding that fuch bearing be not agreeable to
nature, yet (faith he) if it were either as
ancient, or born by fo great an eftate (in re-
gard of the Armory) it holdeth comparifon
with the Coat of Cafar, which is Or, an Eagle
difplayed with two necks, Sable, as far diffent-
ing from Nature, fmce it is monftrous for one
body to have two heads. Yet in this and other
like, there are fpecial myfteries of as honou-
rable intendments, as there is in thofe that
are born according to nature.

He bearcth Argent,
an Eagle difplayed with
two necks, Sable, by the
Name of Glynn ; and
with the Arms of Zjl-
fler , is the bearing of
Sir William Glynn . of
Bi[Ji(}er,aYh\s Bttrcefter,
in Oxfordshire, and of
Flawarden in Flint '/hire,
Baronet.

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

s«a.ui.

He beareth Argent,
an Eagle difplayed with
two necks within a bor-
dure engrailed , Sable,
bythe Name of Hoare;
and is the Coat-Armour
of James Hoare of Ed-
monton in the County
of Middlefex, and of
the Middle Temple ,
London, Efq.

He beareth Vert , j
Eagles difplayed in Fefs,
Or , by the Name of
Winn ; and is the Coat
of Sir Richard Winn of
Gwedir in Caemarvon-
Jhire , Baronet. This
Coat is alfo born by Sir
John Williams of Mm-
fter in the Ifle of Tha-
net in Kent, Baronet ; and by Lewis and Ri-
chard AnwyU of Tark in Merionethjtnre, En-
quires. Nor is it ftrange to fee one Coat born
by feveral Names, confidering their defcent
from one Tribe, for the different Sirname is
but a late accident.

Azure, a Fefs indent-
ed, Or, between three
Eagles difplayed , Ar-
gent, by the Name of
Walter ; and with the
Arms of ZJlfler, is the
Coat of Sir William
Walter of Sarfden in
OxfordJIjire , Baronet,
defcended from the an-
cient Family of the Wal-
ters of Warwicijhire.

He beareth Argent,
a Fefs, Gules , between
three Eagles difplayed,
Sable, by the Name of
Leeds ; and is the Coat-
Armour of Mr. Edward
Leeds of Lmcolns-lnn
in Middlesex, only Son
furviving of Mr. An-
thony Leeds of Croxton
in Cambridgjhirc, who
is fon and heir of Ed-
ward Leeds of the faid place , Efq; defcended
from theFamily of the Leeds anciently of Leeds
Town, and alfo of Leeds Caftle in Kent, from
which place this Family took their Name.

Chap.XX.

A Difflay of Heraldry.

He beareth Sable, an
Fagle difplayed be-
tween two Cotifes, Ar-
gent, a Canton firiifter,
Or, by tlie Name of
Jordan; and is the Coat
of Thomas Jordan of
Charlwood in Surrey,
Efq. Now I will Ihew
you an Example, where
three of thefe kind of
Birds are born together upon one Ordinary j
but when you find two or more of them fo born
or in one Efcocheon without interpofition of
fome Ordinary between them, you muft not
then term them Eagles, but Eaglets, is Leigh
hath obferved,/.?£. 1 04. And I take it , this
Rule of his is grounded upon the fame Reafon,
that I have formerly given concerning Lions
«nd Lioncels in the fiiteenth Chapter of this
third Section, pig. 138. for the Eagle is the
Sovereign of Birds, as the Lion is of Beafts.

He beareth Argent,
on a Bend, Gules, three
Eaglets difplayed,Or,an
Annulet(for a difference
of a fifth Brother} of the
fecond. This Coat-
Armour pertained to
the Family of Abington
of iD/rwdefoell in the
County of Glocefier, of
which was defcended that generous Gentle-
man Mr. Abington now deceafed , fometime
Gentleman Uflier to Prince Henry, and after-
ward one of the Gentlemen Pensioners both
to King James, and alfo to our late Sovereign.
Thefe Eaglets, becaufe they be ftill in exercife,
do lively reprefent their Sires to be no Baftards
or degenerate Brood. It is'ftoried, that the
old Eagles make a proof of their youn" by
expofmg them againlt the Sun-beams, and°fuch
as cannot fteddily behold that brightnefs are
caft forth as unworthy to be acknowledged
their OfF-fpring. In which refpedt William
Jivfus, King of this Land, gave for his Device
an Eagle looking againft the Sun, with this
word-ferfero, I can indure it : to fignifie, he
was no whit degenerate from his puilfant' Fa-
ther the Conqueror.

He beareth Argent,
a Crofs between four
Eagletsdifplayed,Gules,
by the Name of Stra-
chey ; and is the Coat-
Armour of John Stra-
chey of Sutton-Court in
Somerfetfliire, Efq - Stu-
dent at Lincoln Co Hedge
at0.v/W,and Barrefter
of Grays Inn.

The Field is Gules, a
Cheveron, Verrey, be-
tween three Eagles dif-
pla\ed, Or. This was
the Coat-Armour of Sir
William Wilmer of Jr-
•well in the County of
Northampton, Kt. The
true magnanimity and
fortitude of the mind is
fignified by the Eagle, which never feeketh to
combat with any fmall Birds, or thofe which
for their weaknefs be far unequal to herfelf.

He beareth Argent,
three Eagles heads era-
fed, Sablej armed, Or,
by the Name of Tellen.
The Eagle , though he
mounteth high , yet is
his eye ftill roving on
the ground ; fo thofe
who are higheft eleva-
ted in honour,ihould yet
ftill entertain the humbleft thoughts ; But with
this difference from the Eagle, in that llie look-
eth downward to feek out fome prey ; which is
molt unworthy of any noble Spirit , whom it
ill befitteth to pry and prole into poor mens
ftates to make a prey of them , as thofe great
ones of whom David faith, that They humbled
themselves, that the congregation of the poor
may fall into the hands of their captains. The
Beak of an Eagle in her old age waxeth lb hook
ed, that it hindereth her feeding , and fo im-
pareth her ftrength, then (according to fome
Authors ) flie fheth to the Rock, and whetteth
the lame fo long, until Ihe make it proportion-
able to the neathermoft,whereby Ihe becometh
no lefs capable of food than before. And fo re-
neweth her ftrength as Tfal. 103. Which fa-
tisfieth thy mouth ■with good things, making thee
young and lufty as an Eagle.

He beareth Argent,
a Cheveron between j
Hawks heads erafed, A-
zure , by the Name of
Honywood ';and with the
Arms oiLMfter , is the
bearing of Sir William
Honywood of Elmefled
in Kent, Baronet, who
is the eldeft Houfe of the
faid Family, which hath
j • j fprcad it felf into feve-

ral branches, amongft which are five Knights.

The

164

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Sea.lII.

The Field is Ruby,
two wings inverted and
conjoyned , Topaz , by
the Name of Seymour.
The wings are Hiero-
gl) plucks of celerity ,
and ibmetime of prote-
ction and coverture ; as
thePfalmift often fpeaks
of biding under tvejba-
4<m of the wings of Gods favour : becaufe
the Hens do Iheker their young from the ra-
pine of the mightier, with lpreading their
wings over them. And therefore fome have
thought, that the difplaying of the Roman Ea-
gles wings did fignifie the protection of the
obedient, and the extending of her griping
tallons to betoken the rending and ruine of all
that were rcfiftant. Like as the Eagle in her
life makes prey of all other Fowl, fo her fea-
thers being mingled with the feathers of other
Fowl s, are faid to confurae them all to duft :
and therefore one compares them to riches got-
ten by oppreiiion or fraud, which will eat out
in time all the reft, though well gotten.

Diamond, two wings
impaled, difplayed vo-
lant, Or, in Lure,Pearl.
This is the Paternal
Coat of the Right Ho-
nourable Robert Ridge-
way Earl of London-
derry, and Baron of
Gallen Ridgeway in
Ireland fiic. The place
of his Lordlhips Refi-
dence is at Torr in Tlevonjhire,

He beareth Gules ,
five Marlions wings in
Saltirc, Argent. This
Coat pertained to Sir
Arthur 'Porter of New-
ark in the County of
Glocefter, Kt. As wings
of fowls are born whole,
fo are their feathers al-
fo; amongft which the
Oftrichesmay juftly bearpraife for beauty, for
diftindlion from all others, and for frequent ufe
and note in Armory , as I could lliew by divers
Examples of their bearing, both by themfelves
and with and upon Ordinaries : but thefe fol-
lowing may fuffice.

He beareth Or, on
a Bend, Sable, three O-
ftrich's feathers, Argent,
palling through as ma-
ny Scroles ot the firft ,
by the Name of Roger
Clare>idon,tha.t was bale
Son to the puiffantiW*^
Trince. ■ The proper
conufance of the Princes
oilVales, being the fame three feathers born
altogether with oneEfcrole,having this Motto,
I C H D I E N ; whereby in Princely modefty
they dutifully profefsthat which St. Tanl a-
vows, That the Son, as long as he is under tui-
tion, is himfelf a SubjeB. But the Oftrich's
feathers in plume were fometimes alio the De-
vice of King Stefhen , who gave them with
thisword, VI NULLA INVERTI-
T U R O R D O , No force alters their fa-
fljion ; alluding to the fold and fall of the lea-
ther, which howfoever the wind may fhake
it, it cannot diforder it ; as likewife is the
condition of Kings and Kingdoms well efta-
blilhed.

He beareth Argen^,
fix Oftrich's feathers ,
three, two, and one, S^-
ble , by the Name -of
Jervu. This man was
a principal Founder of
Exbridge in the Coun-
ty of 'Devon. Of the
Oftrich , fome have
doubted whether he
fliould be reckoned a Beaft or a Fowl, in re-
fpe£r. of fome participation of both kinds ; yet
doth T. Belon du Mans make no fcruple at all
to fort him among Birds : therefore I Have held
it fit to place his feathers here amongft the
parts of Birds.

He beareth Sable, an
Eagle's leg in Pale, era-
fed a la quife, Argent,
the tallons, Gules , by
the Name of Canhanfer.
This is termed a la
quife ; and quife in
French figniriet!} a
thigh. It is moft un-
doubted that the devou-
rer fhall be devoured in his due time, even as
the rending and preying legg is here it felf rent
off from the body. A worthy document for
all great men, whofe bearing is of the ravening
and preying kind, to Hand in fear how they
feize on any prey againft juftice; becaufe if
they efcape the like meafure with man , yet it
is a juft thing with God to ftiew no mercy to
them which are mercilefs.

Chap. XX. A Difplay of Heraldry.

165

He beareth Or, two
Eagles lcggs barr-ways, !
erafed * la quije, Sable,
armed, Gules. Though
the Eagles ltrength be
much in her leggs and
beak, yet fomeumes fhe
is for to ufe her wit to
rend her prey ; as efpe-
cially fhe doth in break-
ing open all Shell-fifTi, which fhe ufeth (as For-
tune doth many great men) to carry them up
very high , that they might fall with greater
force, and fo be broken up tor her iood.Where-
of there is recorded one memorable, but piti-
ful experiment on the Poet ffifchylmvfho fit-
ting in deep meditation, an Eagle thinking his
bald-head had been a ftone, let fall a Tortoife
upon it, and fo made a Tragical end of that no-
ble Tragedian.

The Field is Argent,
a Cheveron between 3
Eagles leggs erafed, a
la quife , Sable , their
tallons armed, Gules, by
the Name of Bray.
To thefe leggs of Eagles
I hold it not unfit to acf-
joyn ( for company^ 5
Ravens leggs born after
another fort. The Raven was the Enfign of
the Danes when they invaded this Kingdom ;
whole whole bearing you mail find hereafter.

He beareth Argent ,
three Ravens leggs era-
fed, Sable, meeting in
the Fefs point , their
Guly tallons extended
into the three acute cor-
ners of the Efcocheon ,
by the Name of Owen
of Wales , the Son of
Madock. The Raven
hath his name for his Rapine, whence other
like Birds are termed Ravenous ; but his fto-
mack is moft fhewed on dead Carkafles,where-
as amongft generous Spirits, it is accounted
bafe to be valiant amongft them that cannot
refift,or to hurt the name and reputation of the
dead.

As the Terreftrial Animals have their peculiar
actions and geftures , fo doubtlefs have Birds
and Fowls their gefturc according to their kind:
forfometime we find them born pearching ,
which action is more ufual with Birds or Fowls
of prey that are throughly mained Si brought
to the fill, as in this Example.

He beareth Gules,
a Bend wavy , Argent,
in the fmifler chief
point a Falcon Handing
on a Pearch,Or. This
Coat pertained to the
Family or Hazvieridge
of HwjL'kworthy in the
Count)' of Devon.
Now fince we are
come to treat of Fowls of prey ; whereot
(next to the Eagle, which is reckoned the So-
vereign Queen of all Fowls , like as the Lion is
reputed the King of all Eealls ) the Golhawk,
the Falcon, the Gerfalcon, and all other long-
winged Hawks ; as alfo all Sparhawks, Marli-
ons, Hobbeys, and other like fmall Fowl of
prey are the chief, it ihall not be altogether
impertinent ( though therein I do fomewhat
digrefs from my principal purpofe) if I give
fome little touch of the propriety of terms
commonly ufed of Falconers in managing
their Hawks, and tilings to them appurte-
nant, according to the flendernefsof my skill,
always fubferibing herein to the cenfure and
reformation of profeffed Falconers. The caufe
of this my digreilion is, the defire I have to
give fome fuperncial tafte unto Gentlemen of
the terms of Falconry , like as I have done
Chap. 14. of the terms of skilful Woodmen
orHuntfmen : That fo in their mutual conver-
fing together, they may be able to fpeak pro-
i perly (though but fuperficialfy ) and deliver
their minds in apt terms, when in their meet-
i ings they happen to fall into difcourle of the
noble recreations and delights, either of our
generous Armorial Profefiion, or of Hunting
and Hawking ; that fo the ftanders by may fay
of them ( when they (hall obferve their skil-
ful difcourfes) as old Father Simon faid to Sofia
his late Bondman, touching the delights of his
Son 'Pamfhilm, Ter. And.

Quod 'flerique omnes faciunt adolefcentuii,
Ut animum ad aliquodfiudium adjuugant, aut
equos

Aleve, aut canes ad venandum, aut adTbilo-
fophos :

Hornm 1 lie nihil egregie prater cat era
Studebat, & tamen omnia hac mediocriter.

It is a ufual thing with the moft part of
young men to delight themfelves , either in
pampering ot Horfjs, or to cheriih Dogs for
hunting, or to addkSf. themfelves tothefludy
of Philofophy ; he fixed not his delight in anv
one of thefe more than anothet, yet was he
meetly well feen in them all .

The terms of Falconry, that I purpofe to
touch in this place, are briefly thefe that fol-
low.

Firft,a Hawk is faid to bate, when (lie ftriveth
to fly from the lift.

She

i66

A Difylay of Heraldry.

Seft. 111.

She is faid to rebate, when by the motion of
the bearers hand (he recovereh the fift.

You muft fay, feed your hawk, and not give
her meat.

A hawk is faid (after ilie hath fed J flie fini-
te th or fweepeth her beak, and not wipeth her
beak or bill.

By the beak of an hawk is underftood the
upper part which is nooked.

The neather part of the beak is called the
hawks clap.

The holes in the hawks beak are called her
Nares.

The yellow between the beak and the eyes
is called the Sere-

Hawks of long fmall black feathers like hairs
about the Sere, are properly called Crinites.

You muft fay your hawk jouketh , and not
fleepeth.

Alfoyour hawk pruneth, and not picketh
herfelf.

But your hawk cannot be faid properly to
prune herfelf, but when fhe beginneth at her
legs, and fetcheth moifture at her tail, where-
with (he embalmeth her feet , and ftriketh the
feathers of her wings through her beak.

Her fetching of the Oyl is called the Note.

Your hawk is faid to rowfe , and not fhake
herfelf.

Sometime your hawk countenances, when
(lie picketh herfelf.

Then fliall you not fay (lie pruneth herfelf,
but that flie reformeth her feathers.

Your hawk collieth, and not breaketh ; your
hawk ftraineth, not clitclieth or fnatcheth.

She mantleth, and not ftretcheth, when flie
extendeth one of her wings along after her
leggs, and fo the other.

After flie hath thus mantled herfelf, flie crof-
feth her wings together over her back, which
action you fliall term the warbling of her wings
and fay, flie warbleth her wings.

You iliall fay your hawk mutelheth or mu-
teth, and notsklifcth.

You fliall lay call your hawk to the Pearch ,
and not fet your hawk upon the Pearch.

Furthermore you fliall fay, flie is a fair,long,
fliort, thick hawk, and not a great hawk.

Alfo you fliall fay, this hawk hath a large,or
a fliort beak, but call it not a bill.

Alfo that your hawk is full gorged, and not
cropped.

And that (he hath a fine head,or a fmall head
well feafoned.

You fliall fay, your hawk putteth over, and
endueth, but both of them in a divers kind.

She putteth over, when (lie removeth her
meat from her gorge into her bowels, by tra-
verfing with her body, but chiefly with her
neck, as a Crane or fome other bird doth.

She never endueth fo long as her bowels be
full at her feeding ; but as foon as fhe hath fed,
andrefteth, (lie endueth by little and little.

If her gorge be void, and her bowels any

thing ftiff, then fliall you fay fhe is embowelled,
and hath not fully endued.

So long as you find any thing in her bowels,
it is dangerous to give her meat.

He beareth Sable ,
a Gofliawk , Argent,
pearching upon a ltock
fixed in the bafe point of
the Elcocheonof thefe-
cond, armed, jefled, and
belled, Or,by the Name
of Week, and is quar-
tered by Coplefton of
Egford. This Coat
ftandeth in Staverton Church in the County of
T>evon : and it may reprefent fome bearer who
was ready and ferviceable for high affairs ,
though he lived at reft , and not imployed.

He beareth Or, on a
Canton, Azure,a Falcon
volant, with jelfes and
bells of thefirft, by the
Name ofThurftone.This
Fowl hath her tallons or
pounces inwardly crook-
ed like a hook, and is
called in Latin Falco
(iz\x\\Calepine~)non quod
falcatis unguibus, fed quod roftro & talis tota
falcatajit ad rapinam ; becaufe it hath both
tallons, beak, and all made hooked for to prey.
Upton calleth her Alietut, faying, AlietusQut
dicit GloffiifuperDeuterou. 14.} idem eft q«od
Falco. This bird (according to the fame Au-
thor) is very bold and hardy , and of great
ftomack ; for die encountreth and grapleth
with Fowls much greater than herfelf,invading
and affailing them with her breft and feet.
Others (faith he) affirm that Alietus « a little
Fowl that freyet h upon Jmall Biras : of whom
it is faid,

Obtinet exiguas- Alietus corpore vires ;
Sunt S) aves minima frada cibufque [urn :

The Aliet is a Bird of little power ;
And little Birds are all he eats and doth de~

(your.

This bird (according to ZJpton~) doth
(hew that he that firft took upon him the
bearing thereof, was fuch an one as did ea-
gerly purfue, vex, and moleft poor and filly
Creatures.

Chap. XX.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

167

He beareth Argent,
a Fefs, Gules., between
three Falcons volant,
Azure, beaked, jelled ,
and belled, Or, by the
Name of Georges; and
is the Coat-Armour of
"John Georges of Ci-
cefler , alias Cirencefter
in GlocefterJIjire , Efq;
where he reiided,till for-
ced thence in the late
unhappy Troubles unto
his Mannor-houfe of Bawton, alias Ban: ding-
ton, within a mile of the faid Cicefier, where
he hath relided ever lince : of which faid Man-
norhimfelf and Anceftors have been Lords by
lineal defcent ever fince the third of King Ed-
ward the Second , by marriage then had be-
tween WtUiam Georges,znd Katharine daugh-
ter and co-heir of Robert de Tenington , and
have been a Family of good repute in the faid
County. This worthy Gentleman hath al-
ways been loyal to his Sovereign, ferving as a
Burgefs of Cicefier (his birth-place} in all law-
ful Parliaments fince the beginning of the reign
of King Charles the Firft,unto this prefent year
1675:. He is one of the ancienteft Juftices of
the Peace and Quorum of the faid County; and
at prefent one of the moll ancient Benchers of
the honourable Society of the Middle-Temple,
London.

He beareth per Fefs,
Azure and Argent, in
Chief two Falcons vo-
lant, Or, by the Name
of Stephens ; and is the
Coat of Thomas Ste-
pheusfifq; the only Son
and Heir of Sir Thomas
Stephens of Little Sad-
bury in GlocefterJIjire,
Kt. yet living, by Ka-
therine, one of the Daughters and Coheirs of
William Combes of Stratford upon Avon in
Warwicljbire. His Great-grand-father was
Thomas Stephens, an eminent Lawyer, Attor-
ney General to Prince Henry, and after his de-
ceafe to Charles the Firft (whilft Prince of
Wales ) in which fervice he died. His Grand-
father was Edward, who married the eldeft
Sifter of the Right Honourable John Lord
Crew ; and the faid Thomas is now married
to Anne Neale of Dearie in Bedford-
fljire.

"f He beareth Azure, a
[Chevcron between 3
ii'alcons, Argent, by the
Name of L'hillips, and
is the Coat-Armour of
Ambrofe 'Phillips of the
Inner Temple, London,
Efq.

He beareth Or, on a
Bend, Azure , three Fal-
cons mounting, Argent,
jelfes and bells of the
firft , by the Name of
Degge ; and with a
Crefcent, is thus born
by Symon Degg of Cat-
low-mil laStaffordflnre,
and of Derby in the
County of Derby, Efq;
fecond Son of Sir Symon Degge, Kt.

He beareth Sable, a
FalconpreyingOr,ftand-
ing with his wings ex-
panded on a Duck, Ar-
gent, on a Chief, Or,
a Crofs botonee, Gules,
by the Name of Mad-
den ; and was born by
Thomas Madden of the
Inner Temple , London,
Efq; defcended of the
Family of the Maddens
of Maddenton in Wiltjhire, who are now feat-
edatRomby-Caffle in the County of Ferma-
nagh in the Province otUlfter in Ireland.

Majefty King Charles the Second

He beareth Gules ,
three Sparrow-hawks ,
Argent, jelfed and bel-
'ed, Or, by the Name of
Atterton.

He beareth Argent,
on a Fefs, Gules , three
Falcons heads erafed of
the firft, by the Name
of Baker; and is the
Coat-Armour of Sir
John Baker of Wells in
Somer[etHnre, and of St.
'Paul's Covent Garden
in Middlesex, Kt. Phy-
fician in Ordinary to his

The-

i68

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

Sett. 111.

The Field is Sable, a
Cheveron betweenthree
Owls, Argent. This
was the Coat- Armour
of Sir John Trefrot, Kt.
The Owl in Armory
fignifieth prudence, vi-
gilancy , and watchful-
nefsbyn'ght; it is Mi-
nerva's bird, and was
born by the ancient Athenians for their Armo-
rial Enfign, as I have before fhewed.

Sable, a Fefs embat-
telcd between 5 Owls ,
Argent,andis the Coat-
Armour of Sir Fraxis
Theobald of Barkih-
hall in the Pariih of
Barking in Suffolk , Kt.
a great'lover oflearning
and Fautor of learned
men; infomuch that Dr.
Caflle , in his 'Polyglot
Lexicon, makes this mention of him, That he
is Harum Linguarum Callentijfimus.

He beareth Gules , a
Cheveron engrailed be-
tween three Owls, Ar-
gent, by the Name of
Hewitt ; and is born by
Sir George Hewitt of
TiJIjoinry in Hartford-
Pure, Baronet.

Ermyn, on a quarter,
an Owl,
by the Name of Fowler;
and is born by Walter
Fowler of St. Thomas in
Staffordshire, Efq.

He beareth Or, a Ra-
ven proper,by the name
of Corbet. This with
the Arms of ZJlPler, is
the Paternal Coat-Ar-
mour of Sir John Corbet
of Stoke upon Tean, and
Adderley in Shropshire,
Baronet ; as alfo of Sir
Vincent Corbet alMoar-
tou-Corbet in the faid County , Baronet. This
is good and ancient Armory, as we (hewed be-
fore in the Efcocheon of the Ravens three
leggs. It hath been an ancient received opini-

on, and the fame alfo grounded upon the war-
rant of the facred Scriptures (if I miftake not)
that fuch is the property of the Raven , that
from the time his young ones are hatched or
difclofed, until he feeth what colour they will
be of, he never taketh care of them , nor mi-
niftreth any food unto them ; therefore it is
thought that they are in the mean fpace nou-
rished with the heavenly dew. And fo much
alfo doth the Kingly Prophet David affirm,
Which giveth fodder unto the cattle, andfeed-
eth the young Ravens that call upon himfPfa/.
147. 9. The Raven is of colour black, and is
called in Latin Corvus, or Corax, and (accord-
ing to Alexander ) hath but one kind of cry
or found, which is Cras, Cras. When he per-
ceiveth his young ones to be pen-feathered and
black like himfelf, then doth he labour by all
means to fofter and chcriih them from thence-
forward.

This bird ( after his manner ) is clamorous,
fraudulent , filching things away by ftealth ,
and hiding them fecretly : Furthermore Alex-
ander faith, That Ravens do fometimes skir-
mifl] amongft themfelves with much eagernefi ,
and do affail each other with their armors, viz.
with jobbing with their bills, jcratchitigwith
their tallons, and beating with their wings :
in which conflict if the Hen do chance to have
the better of the Cock, jhc ever after holdeth
him in Jubjetlion. But howfoever they do cope
together in their encounter, certain it is that
the Victor ever after carrieth a hand over the
conquered.

He beareth Gules, a
Pellican in her neft,witb.
wings difplaied, feeding
of her young ones, Or,
vulned, proper , by the
Name of Came ; and is
born by Thomas Came
of Najh , and John
Came of Wenny , both
in Glamorganfljire, Efq;
The Egyptian Priefts (as Fame fins notethj
ufed the Pellican for a Hieroglyphick,to exprefs
the four duties of a Father towards his Chil-
dren : whereof the firft is generation ; the fe-
cond is his office of education ; the third of
training up , or inftru&ion of learning ; the
fourth and laft, this duty of informing the eyes
of his Children with the example of his ver-
tuous and honeft life : for in the institution of
civil behaviour , the eyes are more eafily in-
formed for the apprehenfionof inftru£tion,than
the ear. This bird was alfo born Topaz, in a
Field Saphire, by that fapient and great Peer
of his time, Richard Fox Bifliop oiWinchefter,
Lord Privy Seal, and Counfellor to two great
Kings , Henry the Seventh , and Henry the
Eighth ; which noble Prelates memory fhall be
eternally bleffed,for being the caufe of the moft
happy marrying of the Lady Margaretfdaugh-

ter

Chap. XX.

A Difylay of Heraldry.

169

ter of Henry the Seventh)to James the Fourth
King of Scotland ; by whofe glorious Iffue
Great Br it any now enjoyeth the height of
Glory and Happinefs. The faid Biihop was
the magnificent Founder of Corf m Chrifti Col-
ledge in Oxford, which alfo beareth the fame
Coat-Armour.

He beareth Azure, a
Chev-eron Ermyn be-
tween three Pellicans,
Argent, vulning them-
felves , proper , by the
Name of Callum ; and is
the Coat of Sir Thomas
Cnttim of Hawflead-
Tlace in Suffolk, Bar.

He beareth Azure,
three Pellicans, Argent,
vulning themfelves,pro-
per, by the Name of
relham ; and is the
Coat- Armour of Sir
Wtlluam Telham of
Braklesby in Lincoln-
Jljire , Kt. Son of Sir
Willi am Telham of the
faid place, Kt. whofe Fa-
ther Sir William Telham or the place aforefaid,
Kt. who was defcended from the ancient Fami-
ly of the Telhams of Laughton in Suffex, was
a perfon in great eminence in the time of Qu.
Elizabeth, being by her Majefty intrutted
in thefe great Employs ; viz. he was Lord
Chief Jultice of Ireland; he was in Anno
1 586. fent Lord Mar lhall of the Englifh For-
ces that went into the Low Countrie ; he was
alfo Mailer of her Ordnance, and one of her
Honourable Privy Council ; and was an aclive
Commiffioner 1 f S8. and in the following year
in Scotland. This Sir William married the
Daughter of Nevill Earl of WeBmoreland ;
his Son the Daughter of the Lord WilLoughby
of Tarham ; and the Grand-child the Daugh-
ter of the Lord Vifcount Conway.

Hitherto of Fowls of prey, leaving other
particulars to each mans obfervation : Now j
of thofe which are predable , whereof fome j
are favage, fome domellical. The favage I
call thofe that are not fubjedt to mans govern-
ment, but do naturally Ihun their fociety, and :
ufually are commorant in Woods, ForeftsJ
Heaths, fkc. and are fubjedt to prey and ty-
rannical oppreffion, as thefe which enfue. |

He beareth Azure ,
three Buftards rifing,Or,
by the name of Nevill.
Thefe cannot be pro-
perly faid to be volant,
albeit they may feem
to be flying , but are
more aptly laid, accord-
ing to the Opinion of
fome blazoners to be
volentes volare; as much as to fay,as preparing
themfelves to make their flight. It is an ob-
fervation of Tliny , that all Fowls having long
fhanks, do (in their fi ght]) ftretch forth their
leggs at length to their tails ; but fuch as are
fhort legged do trufs their feet to the midft of
their bodies.

He beareth Azure, a
Bend, Or, on a Chief,
Argent, two Choughs
proper, by the Name of
Vyner. This with the
Arms of ZJlfler, is the
Coat- Armour of Sir Ro-
bert Vyner of the City
of London, Knight, Ba-
ronet, and Lord Maior
thereof Anno s6j$. a
great encourager of in-
genious and commendable Undertakings.

He beareth Argent,
a Fefs, Gules, between
fix Cornifh Choughs ,
proper, by the Name of
Onflow ; and is the Coat-
Armour of Arthur On-
flow of Clandon in Sur-
rey, Efq; defcendtd of
the ancient Family of
the Onflows of Onflow-hall in Shrofflure.

He beareth Or, three
Swallows clofe, proper,
by the Name of Wat-
ton. This bird is the
moll welcome karben-
ger, llitwing the ap-
proach of the plea-
fing Spring; being there-
in like feigned and tem-
porizing Friends, who in
the fpnng of Honours, and fummer of Abun-
dance, will gladly converfe with thofe, whom
in the winter of Adverfity they will forfake,
and fcarce acknowledge they ever faw them
before. Such an one was that proud Cardinal
who upon his new dignity, not vou'ehfafeig to
look on his familial" friends, one of them came
to him (while all others did congratulate his
felicity) to deplore his mifery; who wonder-
ing thereat, and asking the caufe of fuch his
A a forrow,

1 >\

170

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Seft. lii

Wow, Becaufe Cquoth he) fince that red hat
came on your head, yon have quite toft your
eye-fight, and cannot difcern your friends as
you ivere wont.

He beareth Argent,
a Barr between three
Swallows volant , pro-
per, a Chief, Gules, by
the Name of Swallow.
The SwaIlow(hith Up-
ton) hath a (mall bill
and comely fiape, of a
[eemly black , white on
the belly, and red about
the throat, having little fleflj, but "'ff ft*®*
with feathers and large wings, and therefore
u fw ft of 'flight. Mans induftry will hardly
fuffice to perform that, which this little bird
doth fafliion out in clay, in making her Neft.
The bearing of the Swallow fitteth well a man
that is indutlrious, prompt, and ready in the
difpatch of his bufinefs.

Azure, on a Chief, Or,
three Martlets, Gules ,
by the Name of Wray.
This is the Coat-Ar-
mour of Sir Theophilm
Wray of Gleutworth in
Lincoln/hire , Baronet.
As alfo of Sir Chrtftopher
Wray of Ajhby in the
faid County, Baronet.

Argent, on a Chief. Azure, three Martlets
of the Field, is the Coat of Sir John Frederick
of the City of London, Knight and Alder-
man.

He beareth Argent,
a Cheveron between 3
Martlets, Sable, by the
Name of Wymondejold;
and is born by Wi lliam
Wymondejold of South-
well in the County of
Nottingham , Efq; one
of the Society of Lin-
coins Inn.

He beareth Argent,
on aFefs,Azure,between
two Martlets, Sable, 3
Flowers de lis,Or,by the
Name of Hnftler ; and
is the Coat-Armour of
Sir William Huftler of
Acklam in Cleaveland
in the County of Tork,
Kt.

He beareth Argent,
a Cheveron, Sable, on a
Chief of the fecond, 3
Martlets of the firft, by
the Name of Wild; and
is the Coat of Sir Wil-
liam Wild Knight and
Baronet, one of his Ma-
jeflies juftices of the
Common 'Tleas.

He beareth Pearl ,
on a Cheveron, Saphire,
between three Martlets,
Diamond,asmany Cref-
cents, Topaz. This is
the Paternal Coat-Ar-
mour of the Right Ho-
nourable Edward Wat-
fon, Baron Rockingham
of Rockingham Caflle in
JSlorthamponJhire ; a
great fufferer for his
Majefty (as was his Lordfhips Father) in the
late unhappy wars : Son of Lewis Lord Rock-
ingham, by the Lady Ehanor, Sifter to John
Earl of Rutland now living.

He beareth Gules, a
Cheveron embatteled,
Ermyn, between three
Martlets, Or, by the
Name of Wythens ; and
is the Coat- Armour of
Francis Wythens of El-
tham in iLent, Efq; one
of the Society of the
MiddleTemple, London,
defcended of the ancient
Family of the Wythens,
whofe Anceftors have been there feated for fe-
veral Generations.

He beareth Argent,
a crofs Patonce between
four Martlets, Sable, a
Canton Ermynois, by
Name of Stringer ; and
is the Coat-Armour of
Thomas Stringer of
Bexwells in the Coun-
ty of Effexfifq;

H«

Chap.XX.

A Difplayof Heraldry.

He beareth /fr Fefs,
Gules and Argent , fix
Martlets counterchang-
ed , by the Name of
Fenwick ; and with the
Arms of Vlfier, is the
Coat-Armour of Sir
\^ "&Sfc_ y° lm Fenwick of Wal-

lingt on in Northumber-
land, Baronet,one of the
Captains of the Royal
Regiment in France under the Command of
his Grace "James Duke of Monmouth, &c.

He beareth Or, an
Efcocheon within Orle
of Martlets,Sable,by the
Name of Browulow ; &
is born by Sir John
Brownlow of Belton
near Grantham in Lin'
colnjlwe, Baronet.

He beareth Argent,
a Bend engrailed be-
wixt fix Martlets, Sable,
by the Name of Tem-
pefl. This with the
Arms of Vlfier , is
the bearing of Sir Tho-
mas Tempefioi Stella in
the Biihoprick of Dur-
ham,hzronet; a delight-
ful feat, pleafantly fci-
tuate on the South fide of the River 757/,?.

He beareth Azure, a
Bend, Argent, cotized,
Or, betweet 6 Martlets
of the fame. This Coat-
Armour pertaineth to
the ancient Family tide
Labere, whereof Ri-
chard de Labere of
Sowtham,m the County
ofGloceffer, E(q ; is li-
neally defended. The Martlet, or Martinet
(frnhBeienhawb^hath /eggs exceeding Short,
that they can by no means go : and thereupon it
jeemeth the Grecians do call them Apodes.qua-
f. fine pedibus; not became they do want feet,
but becau e they have not fuch ufe of their feet
as other birds h we. And ,f perchance they
fall upon the ground, they cannot raite them,
f elves upon their feet as others do , and [0 pre-
pare them/elves to flight. For this caufe they
areaccuftorned to make their Nefls upon Rocks
and other high places , from whence they may
eaftly take their flight, by means of the fupport
of the Air. Hereupon it came, that this Bird

is painted in Arms without feet : and for this
caufe it is aljo given for a difference of younger
Brethren , to put them in mind to truft to their
wings of vertue and merit, to raife themfelves,
and not to their leggs, having little Land to
put their foot oru

He beareth Or, on a
Bend, Gules, cotized ,
Azure , between fix
Martlets of the fecond,
three wings, Argent, by
the Name of Walden;
and is the Paternal Coat-
Armour of Sir Lionel
Walden of Huntington
in Huntingtonfhire, Kt.
lineally defcended, from
Robert Walden, iecond
brother of Sir Richard Walden Kt. Lord of E*
nth in Kent, tempore Hen. 8. which faid Sir
Richard's Daughter and Co-heir Elizabeth,.
was married to George Talbot , fourth Earl of
Shrewfbury of that Family ; by whom he had
Ilfue Anne (fole Heir of her Mother) who mar-
ried Teter Compton Efq; by whom he had IiTue
Heniy Lord Compton, Anccftor to the prefent
Earl of Northampton. The aforefaid Sir Lio-
nel , by Elizabeth Daughter and Co-heir of
Mr. Charles Balam in Cambridgeshire, hatJl
Illbe Lionel, Mary, and Catharina.

He beareth Sable, ori
a Cheveron between 10
Martlets, Argent , five
Plates, by the Name of
Bard; and is the Coat-
Armour of Maximili-
an Bard of Caver sf eld
in Bucks, Efq; defcended
from an ancient Family
of that Name of North-
Kelfey in Lincolnfiire.

He beareth party per
Pale Sable and Azure, a
Saltire, Argent, charg-
ed with five Cocks, Sa-
ble, between" j Towers
01'Caftles flaming, and
two Spears Saltire-wife
in bafe,Or,by the Name
afjohnfoti; and is born
by Nathaniel Johnfons

n-<u ' i c m / , of t&tefoorto in the
Biihoprick of T)urhd m , Gent, chief Farmer of
the Chimney-money of his Maiefly for the four
Northern Counties.

Aa %

CHAP,

172

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Sea.III.

CHAP. XXI.

FROM Predable Fowls that are favage,
we come to Fowls domeftical and home-
bred, that are delighted with mans lo-
ciety : Such are thefe that follow , with their
like.

He beareth Saphire,
three Cocks, Pearl.arm-
ed, crefted, and jellop-
ped, proper. This is
the bearing of the Rt.
honourable O -Brian Co-
kaine , Vifcount Cidlen
in Ireland , whofe feat
is at Rufton in Nortbam-
tonjlnre. As fome ac-
count the Eagle the Queen, and the Swallow
or Wagtail the Lady, lb may I term this the
Knight amongft Birds, being both of noble
courage, and alfo prepared evermore to the
battel, having his Comb for an helmet, his
lharp and hooked bill for a faulchion or court-
lax to flalh and wound his enemy ; and as a
compleat Souldier armed Cap-a-pe, he hath
his leggs armed with fpurs, giving example to
the valiant Souldier to expell danger by tight ,
and not by flight. The Cock croweth when
he is Vi&or, and giveth a teftimony of his con-
queft. If he be vanquifhed, he Ihunneth the
light and fociety of men. Of all birds, this
may beft be faid in blazon to be armed, that is
thus furnifhed and prepared to the encounter.
He is the Herald of the day, and the Sentinel
of the night for his vigilancy.

He beareth Argent,
three Capons , Sable ,
armed, crefted,and jaw-
lopped, Or,by the name
of Capenhurfl. I do term
thefe Capons armed, be-
caufe Natura [wit belli-
cq/i, tametfi cafirattone
falfifunt omninb imbel-
les , by Nature they
were valorous, though by reafon of their ker-
ving, their courage is not only abated, but ut-
terly taken away. This bird, becaufe he wax-
eth the fatter for being kerved, is brought for
one of the Arguments to prove the fingle life
the happieft, and that Ctehbes are Celites , the
fingle lite the Saint-like life. But Lipfius mull
bring better Witneffes than Capons to approve
the truth hereof, before it will be received for
truth.

Azure, a Cock upon
an Efcallop-lhell,Or,by
the Name oiOilcrbwy,

He beareth Argent ,
three Peacocks in their
pride, proper, by the
Name oiTawne. The
Peacock is fo proud,
that when he eredteth
his Fan of Plumes, he
admireth himfelf. And
fome write , that he
fwalloweth up his Ex-
crements,becaufe he envieth man the ufe there-
of. Indeed thofe which are moft proud, are
generally of fuch ftuttifh and dirty qualities.
He difplay eth his Plumes againft the rays of the
Sun.that they may glifterthe more glonoufly:
and he lofeth this beautiful train yearly with
the fall of the Leaf; at which time he b'ecom-
eth bafhful, and feeketh corners, where he may
be fecret from the fight of men,until thefpnng
of the year , when his train begineth to be
renewed. And fuch is the quality of many
Dames, who being painted and richly attired,
cannot keep within doors ; but be mg undretled
and in their own hew, they are loth any man
lhould fee them.

He beareth Argent, a
Cheveron , Sable , be-
tween three Turky-
cocks in their pride,
proper , by the Name
of feo ; and is the Coat
of Taul Teo of North-
Tetberwin in Devon-
fbire, Efq;

Like as there are InfecTAnimals that live up-
on the Earth , as hath been before tliewed, in
fronting up rhe Trait of Terreftrial Animals :
fo are there in like fort Infedbs that live above
the Earth , whereof I purpofe to produce fome
few Examples, and fo toperclofe this Treatife
of fuch Animals as do live above the Earth in
the Air.

Chap. XXI.

A Difylay of Heraldry.

173

He beareth Azure,
three Bees volant , En
arriere, by the Name
of Bye. The Bee I may
well reckon a Dome-
dick Infedl.being fo ply-
able to the behoof of
the Keeper. The ad-
mirable policy and regi-
ment of whole Com-
monwealth, both in Peace and War, with the
feveral duties both of the fovereign Bee, and
of the fubjedb, is beyond belief, and will ask
as large a Volume as the Commonwealth, ei-
ther 'Plato's or Licurgus, to fet it forth as it
deferveth.

Thefe fmall and (lender bodies are indowed
with a perfed foul ( if I may fo fay) as by the
effects appeareth: for they do not only live and
engender; but alfo have the ufe of the fenfes ,
as light, hearing, fmelling, tailing, and feel-
ing, no lefs than other Volatiles or flying Ani-
mals; andjnfomeof them we may obferve a
fingular lharpnefs of wit , and (to fpeak with
Solomon') fulnefs of wifdome ; as in thefe Bees
and fuch others. Great is the Lord therefore
that made them , and right marvellous alfo is
he in all his works, who hath given this ful-
nefs of wifdome to thefe contemptible Crea-
tures.

The Bee is reputed to be of a doubtful kind,
in regard that it is uncertain, whether he may
be fitly numbred amongft the favage or dome-
ftica! kind of Animals ; therefore they are rec-
koned his that hath obtained the poileffion of
them according to our vulgar fpeech,GzfcA that
catch may. They are faid to be fera natura :
therefore theBees that do fwarm on your trees,
until you have gathered them into an hive,
they are no more reckoned yours , than the
birds that do build their nefts in your tree : but
being once hived, they ceafe to be publick,and
(hall be adjudged the polfelfors, though he be
not interelfed in the ground : and till then, it
is lawful for any man to take the Honycombs,
if they have any at all. Alfo a fwarm cfcaped
out of your hives , is no longer reckoned yours
than you have them in fight, and it is lawful
for you fo long to profecute them ; but if they
fly out of your fight, fiuitt ocenpantis.

The Egyptians reckoned the Bee a figure of
Regal Power, becaufe in him (befides the Na-
ture of brute Animals) he is conftitutcd a King,
that adminiftreth his function (as it were) by
deepcounfel, forafmuch as he is void of fting,
and governeth his hive, as his Commonwealth,
altogether by lenity.

If a Bee fting a dead carkafs, (lie lofeth not
her fting ; but if (lie fling a living man, (lie
lofeth her fiing. So death flinging us , who
were as dead llefli, did not lofe his fling : But
flinging Chrift, hath loft his fting. Therefore
we may fay , 0 death inhere u thy fting, @f .

1 Cor. 1 j. Death hath only the name of death,
but not the fling of death ; as the brazen Ser-
pent in the Wildemets had the form and lhape
of a Serpent, but not the life nor itingof a Ser-
pent,

He beareth Argent, a
Bee-hive befet with
Bees diverlly volant,
Sable, by the Name of
Reoe of Chejhire. The
Bee ( faith the Wife
man ) is the least of
B/rds,biitJhe is of much
virtue; and jbe provi-
deth loth honey for
fleajure, and wax for thrift. And not only
do they carefully preferve their own petty
ftate, but by their labours do much fway in all
humane (fates and policies alfojas is faid in that
Verfe,

TljeCalf, theGi.cfe, the Bee;
The World is rnl:dby thefe three.

; Meaning that Wax, Pens, and Parchment fway
I all mens Hates. Bees have three properties of
the bed kind of Subjects; they Hick dole to
' their King ; they are very induftrious for their
' livelyhood , expelling all idle Drones ; they
will not fting any but fuch as lirft provoke
them, and then they are moft fierce.

He beareth Sable, an
Harvefk-tly in Pale , vo-
lant , en arriere , Ar-
gent, by the Name of
Boloivre. As touching
Infeds that live above
the earth in the air,T7/-
ny giveth this general
note, That all juch as
are armed with a sling
in their body or tail , have four wings a
fiece ; and none again have above two , that
carry their weapon in their month. To the
former (faith he) Nature hath given it for
their revenge ; to the other, only to feed them-
[elves withal , and to content Nature. All
IufetJs (faith the fame Author) having hard
eyes, have their forefeet longer than the reft ,
to the end that with them they may otherwhiles
fcour their eyes.

He beareth Sable, 3
Cad-bees volant, en ar-
riere, Argent , by the
Name of Barninghill.
This fly maketh a great
humming noife when
he tlieth, and of fome is
called the Gad-bee, and
of others the Dun-fly ,
Brjmefey, or Horfe-tly,
which

A Difplay

which in the fummer time do gnevoufly vex
Cattel, having (as Mi anus faith) a fling
both great and Stiff. Thefeare of the nature
of common Barretors, Pettifoggers , and Pro-
moters, which are ever difturbing the quiet
ftate of their civil and honeft Neighbours.

Hebeareth Azure, a
Cheveron between j
Butterflies volant, Ar-
gent, by the Name of
F apt lion ; and is the Pa-
ternal Coat of Thomas
Tapillouoi the City of
London , and of Aw-
cridge, alias Acryjje in
Kent, Efq.

CHAP. xxir.

HAVING finifhed our intended furvey
of Animals, both Terreftrial and Ae-
rial, and of their ufe in Armory; I will
now ( according to order ) proceed to the
handling of watery Animals.being fuch as have
their principal abode and relief in the waters ;
as Fifties of all forts. As fifties are of a lefs
compleat nature than earthly or aerial Animals,
fo muft they in reafou be oflefs efteem in Coat-
Armour, Data paritate gejlantium , unlefs
the quality of the Bearer add an honour there-
to: becaufe thofe others do approach much
nearer to the nature of man, than the watery
fort doth ; Et illudefl melius , quod Optimo eft
frofinqutus ■ That is the better, which comes
nearcfl to the beft. And the Picture which is
the adumbration of the thing pictured, cannot
invert or alter the order or worth of the things
whereof it beareth the limilitude, Quia petto
non flits operatur quam Veritas ; reprefentati-
ons may not alter the truth of the principal.

But here I fpeak of arms competed of fifties,
as they are confidered in their felf-nature ;
which notwithstanding as they be born of ma-
ny perfons defcended of Noble and Royal Fa-
milies, are fo much enobliftied in their eftima-
tion, as that they are to be preferred before
many that are formed of beafts or fowls. This
therefore muft be here alfo recommended for a
general Rule , That the worthinefs of the
Bearer is not the leaft refpect we ftiould ufe in
confidering the dignity of things born in Coat-
Armour.

Like as birds have their plumes, wings, and
trains, by means whereof they do cut their
way, and make fmooth paflage thorow the air;
in like fort fifties are furnifhed with fins,where-
with they guide themfelves in their fwiming,
and cut the current of the ftreams and waves ,
for their more eafie paifage, wherein their

of Heraldry. Seft. 111.

courfe is directed by their tail, as ftiips are con-
ducted by their Helm or Ruther. And for their
kinds of motion, fifties are in Scripture term-
ed Reptilia : In ipfo magna mari S> Jpatiofb ,
illic reptilia ftunt, &c. In the grea't and wide
fea there are things creeping'innumerable,both
fmall and great : which are therefore faid to be
Reptilia, as Chaffenus n.ottxh,Quia omnia qua
natant reptandi habent vel jpeciem , velnatu-
ram : becaufe things when they fwim feem to
creep along in the water.

Fifties, albeit they have not breath ( as we
may fay in a comparative fort) fo ftrong and
fenfible as four-footed Animals have, becaufe
they want Lungs or Lights, as Ariftotle hath
1 taught, yet it behooveth they fhould have both
attraction and refpiration of breath in fome
fafliion, which we call in Latin Infpiratio ,
which is a drawing in of breath , and Refpi-
ratio, which is a venting out of the breath at-
tracted, as both Tlato and Galen do teach ,
who do affirm that fifties do receive and deliver
their breath by their galls ; For no longer is
any Animal faid to have life , than he hath at-
traction and remiflion of breath.

Whereas Mofes maketh mention Gen. z. 19,
20. That God caufed all the beafts of the field,
and the fowls of heaven to come unto Adam,
that he might fee how he would name them :
there is no mention of the coming of fifties un-
to him, neither that he gave names to them.
The reafon is, for that fuch is the nature of
fifhes,as that they cannot live long out of their
proper Element, which is the water. Befides
fifties do ferve men for no other ufe , but for
food, and fome forts of them for medicine ;
whereof it cometh, that we have not fo many
names of fifties mentioned in the Scriptures, as
of other Animals. For thefe Reafons fifties
were not produced before Adam,that he might
give them Names anfwerable to their Natures :
Neverthelefs God gave him dominion over
them, as well as over the reft, when he faid
'Dominamini pifcibus maris, iSc.

Hereof it cometh,that man hath lefs familia-
rity and acquaintance with fillies than w : ith
many other animals ; as Horfes, Doggs, fmall
Birds of many kinds, which we daily ufe, ei-
ther to ferve our necejfities, or for our de-
lights.

Fifties are born after a divers manner, viz.
directly upright, imbowed , extended, endor-
fed, reflecting each other , furmounring one
another, fretted, and trianguled.Scc. AUfiJhes
(faith Leigh") that are born feeding, Jljall be
termed in blazon devouring , becaufe they do
[wallow all whole without maflication or
chewing : and you muft tell whereon they feed.
All fifties raifed directly upright , and having
fins, fliall be termed in blazon Hauriant , ab
hauriendo, fignifying to draw or fuck ; becaufe
fifties do oftentimes put their heads in fuch fort
above the waters, to refrefti themfelves with
the cool and temperate airjbut especially when

Chap. XXI I.

A Difplay of Heraldry:

the waters do fo rage and boyl in the depth of
the feas againft fome tempeftuous ftorm, that
they cannot endure the unwonted heat there-
of. All fifties being born tranfverfe, theElco-
cheon muft in blazon be termed Naiant, of
the word Nato, to fwim ; for in fuch manner
do they bear themfelves in the waters when
they fwim.

Concerning both the variety and the innu-
merable multitude of fifties, Tlnty is of a pret-
ty fantaftical conceit, affirming that the feeds
and univerfal elements of the world are fo
fundry ways commixed one with another,part-
ly by the blowing of the winds, and partly by
the rowling and agitation of the fea , that it
may be truly faid, according to the vulgar opi-
nion, That whatjoever it iiigendred or bred in
any fart of the world be/ides, the jametstobe
found in the Jea ; bcfides many things more in
it, which no where elfe are to be feen. A fiftl
(if you will believe lamefius) is called pifcts
afafcendo , Quia ad rem mdlam nifi ad piflum
natus eft;he is bred only to cat,and to be eaten.
Of fiflies,fome have hard and crufty coverings;
others have a fofter outfide : and thole latter
arealfoof two forts, fome having only skin,
and others fcales. Scaled fifties by their fins
are both adorned & greatly aflifted alfo in their
fwiming : but Congers, Eels, Lampreys, and
fuch like, may feem (_ in refpedt of the fmal-
nefs of their fins) to have received them of na-
ture, rather for ornament than for ufe in fwim-
ing, efpecially becaufe they lye mod in the
bottom of the waters, and therefore lefs need
their fins.

Of thefe feveral kinds I will briefly give
fome few Examples, wherein I rather purpofe
to lay open their divers forms of bearing in
Coat- Armour, than meddle with their unhmi-
table particular kinds : as in Example.

He beareth Argent ,
three Eels Naiant in
Pale barr-ways, Sable ,
by the Name of Ellis.
Of this fort are all Lam-
preys, Congers, and o-
thers of like kind ,
whereof fome are born
Naiant after this man-
ner,and other Hauria/it.
This fort, of all others, doth mod nearly re-
femlle in their motions fuch Reptiles, as ha-
ving no feet , do with a kind of volublenefs
make their way in the waters with many intri-
cate doublings. To thefe may be added Plai-
ces, Soles, Hounders , and whatfoever other
fifti , whole covering eonfifteth meerly of
skin , and have not the defensible furniture
of fcales, fuch as next enfue; as in Exam-
pki

He beareth Argent,
a Cheveron, Gules, be-
tween three Soles-nflies
hauriant, proper, w ithin
a bordure engrailed, Sa-
ble. This Coat pertain-
ed to the Family of
Soles of Brabanne in
the County of Cam-
bridge. Thefe arms are
agreeable to the Bearers name, which happen
very often in armory ; for divers men taking
their Names from beafts, birds, fowls, or fifties,
do bear Coat-Armours femblant thereunto.
This fifti is known unto the La^nifts by three
names, Solea, d fimUittidine Sule<e, i. a Jhoes
\ole : S.indalittm , which cometh from the
Greek mvjtlhm, or ™J , «n>', akindofflioe open
with latchets on the inftep ; Lingulaca , quod
formam lingua refer at : The French call this
fifti, Vne (ole. The delicatenefs of it in tafte
hath gained it the name of the Tartridge of
the Jea.

He beareth Azure,
a Dolphin naiant , im-
bowcd, Argent, by the
Name of Fitz-James.
The Dolphin is a fifti of
fo great ftrength and
fwittnefs, that when the
fifties, which he follow-
eth for his prey, fly to
the rocks or fliore for
fiielter,in the fiercenefs of his purfuit he fome-
times daflieth himfelf dead againft the rock ,
and fometimes runs himfelf on fliore. Such
many times is the fuccefs of over-heady and
outragious men, who feeking furioufly the hurt
ot others, feel the lfnart themfelves in their
own overthrow.

Sable, a Dolphin nai-
ant devouring a fifti^
proper.

The Field is Jupiter;
a Dolphin hauriant, Sol.
This Coat is evermore
born quarterly with the
three Flowers de lis,Sol;
in a Field, Jupiter , by
the King's eldeft Son,
who beareth the Title
of the Tiaufhin of
France; and is thereby-
known

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

Sty

known to be heir apparent to the Crown ot
that Kingdom. The Naturalifts write, That
the Jlje Dolphin hath Duegs abounding with
Milk, wherewith jhe giveth her young ones
fuck; and that fie it (as in that refpecT) like
to women, fo allow her affecliou of love; tn-
fomnch that Dolphins have fallen Jo exceeding-
ly m love with fair souths, as that they became
mofl familiar with them ; and afterward
wanting their company, have died for grtej.
They are reported alfo to be great lovers of
Mufick.

He beareth Or, three
Dolphins hauriant, A-
zure. This is the Pa-
ternal Coat-Armour of
Mr. 'Peter Vandeput of
London , Merchant ,
whole Grand-father Mr.
Giles Vandeput , came
out of the Province of
Brabant, and here feat-
ed himfelf; where the
Family hath ever fince

continued eminent Merchants

Azure , a Bend be-
tween two Dolphins,
Or , by the Name of
Frankland. This with
the Arms of DlSler ,
is the Coat-Armour of
Sir William Frankland
of Thirkleby in Fork-
Jhire, Baronet.

He beareth Argent,
on a Bend, Azure,three
Dolphins of the Field.
This with the Arms of
ZJIfler, is the Coat of
Sir Richard Franklyn
of the More in Hart-
fordjhire , Knight and
Baronet.

He beareth Gules ,
Cruifuly, Or, three Lu-
cies or Pikes hauriant,
Argent,by the Name of
Lucy ; and is born by
Sir Kingfmill Lucy of
Facombe in Flantfliire ,
Baronet.

He beareth Azure ,
three Dolphins naiant,
extended in Pale, barry,
Or. This is a Venetian
Coat-Armour , and is
born by the Name of
Dolphin. Thefe Dol-
phins here are in their
natural form of fwim-
ing , wherein they ufe
to marfhal their great Troops in admiring or-
der: for in the vantgard fwim all their young
ones , in the middle all the Females , in the
rereward all the Males ; like good Husbands ,
looking both to the orderly demeanour of their
Wives and Children, and alfo having them ftill
in their eye, to defend them from danger.

The Field is Cu'.es, a
Cheveron, Ermyn- , be-
tween three Dolphins
naiant , imbowed , Ar-
gent. This was the Pa-
ternal Coat-Armour of
Samuel Bleverhajfet of
Lowdham in the Coun-
ty of Suffolk, Efqj The
Dolphin is faid to be a
fifhof fuch exceeding great fwiftnefs, as that
oftentimes he out-flrippeth a fliip under Sail, in
her greateft ruff and merrieft wind, in fwift-
nefs of courfe. In this fifh is propofed unto us
an Example of charity and kind affccTion to-
wards our Children, asTlinyin his Defcripti-
on of the nature of this fifh fhewcth, lib.y.c.%.
and Mlianus, lib. y. cap. 18. as alfo of his fin-
gular love towards man , whereof JElianm
produceth ftrange Examples. To this Head
muff be referred all other fifhes of hard fcale ,
as the Sturgeon, &c. Other fcale -fillies there
are, but of a more foft and tender fort ; fuch
as thefe which enfue.

He beareth Sable ,
three Salmons hauriant,
Argent , by the Name
of Salmon. If Apicius
( whole tongue was a
touchftone to try the
excellency of all diilies}
were to give his fen-
tence in the Senate-
houfe of Gluttons, it is
thought he would preferrthe Salmon before all
other fifhes , though the old Romans made
chief reckoning of Acipenfer, a fifh of an un-
natural making and quality ; for his fcales turn
all towards the head, and he ever fwimeth a-
gainft the ftream. Thefe three Salmons here
were very fair bearing in a great Charger, Ar-
gent. Fifties are born hauriant, both reflect-
ing each other, and alfo endorfed, as in thefe
next Examples.

Chap.XXUI.

A Difylay of Heraldry.

'77

He beareth Azure ,
two Barbels hauriant,
reflecting each other,
Argent. A like Coat
to this (but different in
colours) is born by the
Family of Culfiou of
E(fex. This fifb even
in his name bewrayeth
his, lhape , which gave
occafion thereof, by reafon of the fmall and
tender films that grow about his mouth , re-
fembling after a fort the form of a Beard ,
whereupon he receiveth the Name of a Bar-
bel.

He beareth Gules ,
two Pikes hauriant, en-
dorfed, Or. This Coat
is quartered by the high
andmighty Prince, the
now Duke of Witten-
berg, for his fourthCoat,
andare the Arms of the
Dominion of Thiert ,
within the Territories
of the faid Duke. Sometimes you fhall find
fillies born fret-ways , that is to fay, fretted or
interlaced one over another , as in this next
Example.

He beareth Azure ,
three Troirts fretted in
tnangle,7>/?£ <*/iZ queue,
Argent , by the Name
of Trvwtebeci. We ufe
thefe words Tefle a La
queue in blazon, to fig-
nifie the manner of their
fretting. The Heir of
this Family was in the
time of Henry the Eighth married to John
'Talbot of Albrighton, from whom thcTalLti
of Grafton now living, are lineally defcended,
and do quarter this Coat, v jS

He beareth. Or, three
Chalbots hauriant ,
Gules. This did belong
to that worthy Earl
Thilif Chalbot, Earl of
Ncwhldtich , and great
Admiral of France ,
whom King Henry the
Eighth vouchfafed to
make Knight,and Com-
panion of the moft noble Order of the Garter.
A Chalbot fifh feemeth to have the lhape of a
Gournard, for fo doth Bara defcribe him.

CHAP. XXIII.

T HE hardineis of fcaly filh ( whereof
we have before fpoken) is not conti-
nuatc, but plated fitting for motion :
but there is another fort of hard covering,
which is continuate ; Of which fort fome are
crufted, other fome are (helled, as Examples
fhall mew.

He beareth Argent, a
Cheveron , Sable , be-
tween three Crevices
upright, Gules. I term
thefe upright , becaufe
they wanting fins, can-
not without breach of
the Rule formerly gi-
ven, be properly faid to
be hauriant.

He beareth Gules, on
a Bend, Or , a Lobfter ,
Sable. Gongulo Argote
de Molina, in his Book
entituled Nobleza de
Anialviza, noteth this
for the Coat-Armour of
Grill i. It is noted by
certain Naturalifls, that
the Lobller is fubtle in
acquiring his food, for he watcheth the Efcal-
lop, Oilier, and other like fillies that are fen-
ced by Nature with a ftronger and more de-
fenfible Coat than himfelf , to become a prey
unto him, by obferving when they do open
their (hell, either to receive food or air, and in
the mean time with his claws he taketh a (lone,
and cafteth it between the fhels of the Oyfter,
fo as fhe can neither fave her felf , nor annoy
her foe ; ufmg his wit for a fupply of his
flrengths defect, accord, ng to the old Proverb,
Where the Lions skin is ^o Jcatit, it mu(i be
pieced out with a Fox cafe.

He beareth Argent, a
LoWter's Claw in Bend
finifter , Saltire-like ,
furmounted of another
dexter-ways, Gules, by
the Nam;; of Tregar-
thick. Thofe other
fillies, which are faid to
be (helled , and are na-
turally inclof-d in (bong
and thick walls, do dilate and open their (hells
at certain feafons , either to receive the benefit
of the air, or of food ; and again contrail
them ( at their pleafure ) and fo defend then-
felves from all harm and violence. Of thefe,
the (hells are of moft frequent ufe in Arms, and
B b are

: 7 8

A Difalay of Heraldry.

SedUH.

are diverfly born, as well with Ordinaries be-
tween them, as charged upon Ordinaries, as
by Example in the next Efcocheonsin part fliall
appear.

He beareth barry
wavy of fix , Or and
Gules , three Prawns
naiant in the firft and of
the fecond,by the Name
of Sea, alias Atfea , of
Heme in Kent.

He beareth Argent,
a Cheveron engrailed ,
Sable , between three
Sea-crabs, Gules, by the
Name of Bridger. It
is an obfervation a-
mongft Fiihermen, that
when the Moon is in her
decrement or wane ( as
we commonly call it )
thefc fort of fillies have little or no fubftance at
all in them, which moveth them to forbear to
filli for them in that feafon, in regard that the
Moon is the natural and fecondarry caufe, that
the Crabs of the Sea are either full and plum,
or elfe fliear and (after a fort) empty.

The claws of the forefeet of this fort of filli
are called forcipata brachia Cancrorum, of for-
ceps, which fignilieth a pair of Tongs or Pin-
cers, or fucli like, alluding to their quality ,
which is to pinch and hold fall whatfocver
they do feize upon.

He beareth Argent,
an Efcallop-fhell, Gules,
by the Name of Tre-
late. This Coatftand-
eth in the Abbey
Church of Cirencefter
within the County of
Glocefter , and feemeth
to have been of long
continuance there. The
Efcallop (according to 'Diofcorides^j is in-
gendre.d of the Dew and Air , and hath no
blood at all in it felf ; notwithft anding in mans
body ( of any other food ) it turneth fooneft
into blood. The eating of this fifli raw is faid
to cure a furfeit.

He beareth Azure,
three Efcallop-fhells,Or.
This is the Coat-Ar-
mour of Sir John Mal-
let of Andres in Wefl-
Qu/mtox-beadxn Somer-
Jeljbire, S.t. And this
Coat was born by Hen-
ry Lord Mallet , who
came into England with
William the Conqueror.

He beareth Ermyn ,
on a Fefs, Gules, three
Efcallop-ftiells, Or , by
the Name of Ingram ;
"and is the Coat- Armour
of Sir Arthur Ingram of
the City of London, K.t.

Azure, three Efcallops,
Or, between two Flan-
ches , Ermyn , by the
Name of Clarke ; and is
the Coat of Sir Gilbert
Clarke of Somerjall in
Derbyjhre, Kt.

He beareth Or, on a
Chief, Sable , three E-
fcallop-fhells of the firft,
by the Name of Gra-
ham; and is the Coat
of Sir Richard Gra-
ham of Netherby in
Cumberland , Baronet,
dcfcended from the fe-
cond fon of the Earl of
Mcr.teixh in Scotland ;
who about the time of
Kins Henr'i the Fourth,

married the Lady Anne Vere, daughter to the
Earl of Oxford; which faid Sir Richard is
now married to the Lady Anne , fecond daugh-
ter to the Right Honourable Charles Earl of
Carlisle.

Chap.XXIH.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

He beareth. Gules ,
onaCheveron, Argent,
three Efcallop-fliells of
the firft, by the Name of
Harding; and is the
Paternal Coat-Armour
of Sir Robert Harding
of Kings-Newton in the
Parifh of Melborne in
Derbyfhire,lit. a Perfon
for his Loyalty to his
Prince K. Charles the I.
and Second, hath been a great Sufferer in the
late unhappy times ; for which good Services
his Majefty conferred the faid honour of
Knighthood on him-

Or, a Fefs between
three Efcallop-fliells ,
Gules; and is the Coat
of Henry Arthington of
Arthington in the Weft-
Riding of Tork/ljire,
Efq.

He beareth Gules, a
Fefs dauncette, Or, be-
tween three Efcallop-
fliells,Ermyn; and is the
Coat of Franca 'Dine of
Bromham in Bedford-
fiire, Efq; fon and heir
of Sir Lewis Dine of
the faid place, Kt. whofe
Family have been there
feated for feveral Gene-
rations , and were de-
fended from the ancient Family of the T)iue s
who were formerly feated at Wyke , Brampton,
Holwell, Harlefton, and Quinton in Northamp-
tonJJjire.

He beareth Sable, fix
EfcaMop- iliels,Or, three,
two , and one , by the
Name of Efcott of Corn-
wall. Here I think it
fit to note out of the
number and pofition of
the Charge of this Coat-
Armour two things :
the one concerning the
number, which you fee is fix , which fome Ar-
morifts hold to be the beft of even and articu-
late numbers that can be born in one Efcochc-
on ; their reafon is, bccaufe none other even
number under ten can decreafe in every rank
one tc the bafe point of the Efcocheon , and

produce an odd one in the fame point. Next
touching this manner of the pofition of this-
number ; which fuiteth moft aptly with the fi-
gure of a triangular Efcocheon, as irt the Ele-
tnents of Armories, pag. 1 8 1 . isobfervcd.

He beareth Pearl , a
Lion rampant, Ruby,on
a Chief, Diamond, three
Efcallop-lhelis of the
frit. This is the Pater-
mi Coat of the Right
Noble and Worthy Fa-
mily of the Ruffels,Eai-h
of Bedford. The pre-
fent enjoyer of the faid
Dignity being the Right Honourable William
Earl of Bedford , Baron Rujfel of Taveffock
and Thornhangh , Knight of the moft Noble
Order of the Garter, &c. Such is the beauti-
ful ihape that Nature hath bellowed upon this
fliell, as that the Collar of the Order of St.
Michael in France , in the firft Inftitution
thereof, was richly garrlifljed with certain pie*
cesof Gold artificially wrought, as near as the
Artificer could by imitation exprefs the ftamo
of Nature.

Which Inftitution doubtlefs was grounded
upon great reafon, tofliew the ftedfaft amity
and conftant fidelity, that ought to be between
brethren and companions at one fociety and
brotherhood : For take one of thefe fifties, and
divide the fticlli, and endeavour, to fort them
with (I will not fay hundreds) but millions
of other fliells of fifhesof the fame kind , and
you fhall never match them throughout:
therefore do they refemble the indilloluble
friendihipthat ought to be in Fraternities and
Societies, becaufc there can be according to
Cicero, Offic. i. Nulla firma Amiatiamfi in*
ter aquales. The consideration whereof (if
I be not deceived ) moved the firft Founders of
this Order to fort them in the collar of this
order by couples, for that all others do difa-
gree with them , Secundum magis vel mintu ,
and none do concurr together with them in aU
points, but only thofe that nature hath con-
formed, and made agreeable to each other in
all points.

The Field is Argent
on a Fefs, Azure , three
Efcallop-fliells of the
firft, a Bordure engrail-
ed as the fecond , in
Chief a Crefcent.Gules,
for a difference of a fe-
cond brother. This was
theCoat-Armour of that
worthyGentleman John
Fenne , one of the Captains of the City of
London. I read in a French Manufcript re-
maining in the Office of Arms, to this effceft,
That the bearing of the Efcallop in Arms figni-
B b 2 heth

:8o

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Seft. Hi.

fieth the firft bearer of fuch Arms to have been
a Commander, who by his vermes and valour
had fo sained the hearts and loves of his Soul-
diers and Companions in Arms, that they de-
fired much to follow him , even into dangers
mouth; and that he in reciprocation of their
loves,had ventured to faenfice hnnfelf for their
fafeguards.

He beareth Argent,
ten Efcallops,four,three,
two, and one, Sable, on
a Canton, Gules, a Mul-
let pierced, Or, by the
Name of Kingfcot. I
do here blazon the
Charge to be ten Efcal-
lops, although there be
but eight to be difcern-
ed ; for fuch was the Coat before the addition
of the fuperjacent Canton ; which as it is in-
tended, cloth overftiadow thofe other two that
are not feen.

He beareth Argent, a
Heron volant , in Fefs,
Azure , membred , Or,
between threeEfcallops,
Sable , by the Name of
Herondon. Here alfo
you fee one gefture of
a Fowl volant, in the
carriage of his leggs ,
which was not before
exemplified, Tliuy faith, That all Fowls that
jlalk with long Jbanks , as they file they do
({retch out their leggs in length to their tails ;
but Inch as arejljort legged , do draw them nf
to the midjl of their bellies.

He beareth Sable, a
Fefs engrailed between
three Welks, Or, by the
name of Shelley. Who
fo fhall advifedly view
the infinite variety of
Natures workmanfhip ,
manifeft even in the ve-
ry ftiels of fiflies ; fliall
doubtlefs find juft caufe
toglorifie God, and admire his Omnipotency
and Wifdome,ftiewed in thefe things of mean-
eft reckoning. To this head muft be reduced
all other ftieil-fifties, of what kind foever, that
are inclofed with hard (hells.

CHAP. XXIV.

WE have long infifted in the bearings
of Animals or living Creatures un-
reafonable, diftinguiftiing them ac-
cording to their kinds, forting them into feve-
ral ranks, placed them under iundry heads, ex-
emplifying their manifold ufe and forms or
bearing in Coat-Armour, to the end that they
might^give better life and warrant to fuch
Rules and Obfervations, as concerning them
are formerly given. The laft place I have here
referved to the moft noble Creature and hrft
in eftimation, I mean Man, whom Cod hath
indued with a reafonable Soul, and for whole
fake he created all other things , fubjedmg
them to his fovereignty, that they lhould ferve
man, and man ftiould ferve God. Thou haj
vivenhim ffeith David j fovereignty over all
the works of thy hands, and haft pit all things
in fubjettion under hufeet ; all fheep and oxen,
and allbeafts of the field , the fowls of tae air
and fifties of thefea, &c. For God made man
in his own image, not only in giving him an
underftanding foul, and an holy will, but alfo a
fovereign junfdiciion over-thefe inferiour crea-
tures ; even as Kings are the Image of God, in
a more peculiar manner, becaufe God hath gi-
ven them fovereignty over men. Neither is
the beauty of the body it felf lightly to be re-
garded , whofe admirable proportions and u-
fes made Galen (a heathen) to acknowledge
the infinite wifdome of an eternal Creator: And
that godly King to break out into terms of ad-
miration, faying, Thine eyes did fee my fub-
ftance yet being unferfett, and in thy book were
all my members written, which day by day
were fafhioned, when as yet there was none of
them. Inafmuch as we are now come to treat
of man, the moft excellent of all God's crea-
tures, and for whofe fake all things elfe were
created ; let us take a confiderate view of the
order of the Creation, and we ftiall find many
forcible motives to ftir us up to the glorifying
of our gracious God , that hath fo graciouily
and abundantly provided for our futtentation
and maintenance before we were yet created:
that fo we may be provoked with more circum-
fpecTrion and regard to meditate upon Gods ad-
mirable Omnipotency, Mercy, and gracious
Providence; and be induced more regardtully
to ponder and confider the inexplicable glory
of the heavens, and their moft beautiful orna-
ments, the fruitfulnefs and riches of the earth,
the infinite variety of ftiapes.colours, quahties,_
and operations of Animals and Vegetables ; ot
all which there is not the lead , or whatfoever
we hold moft contemptible, but will mimfter
unto us juft caufe to glorifie God's Omnipoten-
cy, Mercy, and Wifdome,

Man

Chap.XXIV.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Man as touching his body hath a threefold
eftatc, viz.

Nun ejfe.
Semper

Creatione.
Aforte.

Refurreftione.

God hath created man, and placed him in this
world, to the end he Ihould be a diligent fearch-
er, viewer, and beholder of all his works; and
withal, that he Ihould not be only a Spectator,
but alfo a ferious and zealous Enarrator of his
inlinite wildome, power, and mercy, in that
he hath moil powerfully created them, raoft
wifely difpofed them , and moll providently
conferveth them in their feveral ranks and fub-
ordinate places and offices.

But when we fpeak of man , we moll not
underftand him to be that outward form or li-
neaments of body, that is fubjecled to our vifi-
ble fenfe ; but the mind of each man is the man
indeed, not that part of him that may be de-
monftrated by pointing of the finger.

The mind of man penetrateth and palfeth
through all things in a moment , more fwiftly
than the ftars, more fpeedily than imagination,
yea with more celerity than time it felf

So great is the eftate and dignity of mans
condition and nature , as that there is no good
can fuffice him, but the chiefeft and only good
of all.

The foul of man is of a Divine Nature, and
therefore immortal and eternal ; he afcencleth
up by degrees evermore , and never ceafeth
until he attain divine and celeftial things :
Which nature and property is not found in any
creature but in man only.

God indeed hath created man of an upright
ftature, with his countenance railed up towards
heaven ; whereas he hath given all other Ani-
mals a groveling countenance, fixed upon the
earth : whereby he would notifie , that mans
foul is a celeftial thing , and that his nltimum
bomim is in heaven ; that heaven is his coun-
trey , that there is his everlafting habitation ,
if he love his God, and become pliant and obe-
dient unto his Divine will.

T lat o cd\\et\\ man the miracle of God ; for,
faith he, man is endued with the force of na-
ture of the World. For what is the world,but
an univerfality of things compacted together
in the form of a Sphere ? And what is man, but
a Compendium or Epitome of the univerfality
of things ? Therefore was he not mif-named
hy Aristotle ,when he called him a liltle world:
For he underftandeth with the Angels, he hath
fenfe with living Creatures, he communicateth
of food, growth and generation with Plants;
and finally he hath being with all the Ele-
ments , and retaineth with the world the form
of a Sphere. For as Julius Solium faith, look
how much breadth a man hath when he ex-
tendcth hit hands to the fill/, fo much is his
length from the crown to the heel : So as if you

draw a circle about him, you ihall comprehend
him within the form of a compalitd Sphere.

Mojes fpeaking of the particular works of
God in his Creation before he had created man,
faith, Ea vififmjfe Tleo bona ; but after he
had created man, and all things pertaining to
his fuftentation and prefervation , as alfo all
things behoveful for the propagation of all
mankind prepared, then did he take a general
view and furvey of the whole fabrick of the
World, Et Deo vifumfuiffe valde bonum , they
were exceeding, that is, fo perfect" good in the
higheft degree, as nothing could be wifhed to
be added thereto for the bettering thereof.

As touching the food allotted to man, at the
firft it is mod certain, that the fame was herbs
and fruits, as appsareth Gen. i. 29. Ecce dedi
vobis oninem herbam, f $c. And God [aid, Be-
hold I have given unto you every herb bearing
(eed, which is upon all the earth ; and every
tree, wherein is the fruit of a tree bearing
feed, that /ball be to you for meat. That is to
fay ( faith Zanchiusf) multam, ampliffimam,
\uaviffnnamiS> utiliftimam , in great plenty,
abundant, moft delicate and molt wholfome ;
herewith fliall ye be fatisried and contented
without feeking after other food.

Tlefe three things ( faith Zanchius ) are
moft certain ; firft, that before the flood both
herbs and fruits of trees were fo wholfome and
good, as that man needed no other food ; in re-
gard whereof there was no need, that the eat-
ing of fie ft] jhould be permitted unto him. Se-
condly, it is alfo undoubtedly true, that after
the flood the earth was fo corrupted by the in-
undation thereof, and consequently mans body
became fo weakened, that he flood in need of
more [olid and flrong nourifljing meats , as the
flefij of Oxen , Kine , Sheep , (Sc. In regard
whereof God gave him permiffwn to life them
for food. Thirdly , this alfo is without all
controverfie,thatGod did not prohibit unto man
any forts of meats, becaufe all things are clean
to the clean : as alfo for that every Creature
of God is good, becaulethey are fandified by
his Word.

Of the mixture and compofition of the four
Elements before mentioned , and of the hu-
mors of them, and of them engendred , two
principal parts of matters of our bodies have
their being, viz. our bones with their nerves
or fmews, wherewith they be conjoyn:d and
knit ; and our flefh with the veins, whereby
the blood is conveyed throughout all parts of
the body, together with her arteries, whereby
the vital and animal fpirits are carried into eve-
ry part and member thereof.

Thefe two parts did Adam well exprefs,
when fpeaking of Eve he faid , H<ec efl os ex
oftibiu meis,& caro de came mea. Firft he ma-
keth mention of bone, as the more folid and
fubftantial part, and as it were the fundamental
part of the whole body; and after of the flefh,
as of the matter wherewith the bones are co-
vered. To

i8a

To thefe two parts there is annexed a skin ,
wherewith the whole frame of the body ( be-
ing united and knit together ) is covered, and
wherein it is comprehended and contained.
And this skin is not fcaly, fuch as is proper to
filhes- neither feathered after the manner ot
fowls ; neither hairy and rugged, as many forts
of beafts are ; neither thick skinned, as many
bruit Animals have; but a foft tender skin and
of a delicate touch, and fuch as may well be-
feemfuchamind, as the mind ot man is : tor
where there isdoreof wit, there needeth not
a hard skin, but a foft tender skin fitteth beft
a generous and ingenious mind. For fo was
it the pleafure of the moft wife God, to adde
unto the noblcft mind the nobleft fleili, and the
tendered and moft dainty skin, that fo the ex-
ternal lhape might be an evident tedimony ot
the inward mind. That this Creature, Man,
is alfo born in Coat- Armour both limb-meal (as
I may term it) ar| d alfo entire, with all his
parts conjunct , I will fhew by Examples: and
we will firft here fet down the whole bearings,
and afterward proceed to the parts.

The Field is Jupiter,
our blelfed Lady with
her Son m her right
hand, and a Scepter in
her left, all Topaz. This
Coat pertaineth to the
Bifhoprick of Salisbury.
Since it hath pleated
fomc (doublefs out of a
devout affection) to af-
fume the bearing of the bleffed Virgin with
her mod blelfed Babe , I hold it great reafon to
let this Efcocheon in the firft place. For I am
far from their opinion who damn it for Super-
dition to pourtrait that glorious Virgin, or her
Babe; butyet I hold it undoubted Idolatry to
offer to thefe, or any other Pictures, thofe
Services of Worfhip and Prayer which God
hath made his own peculiar Prerogative, not
to be communicated to that holy Virgin her-
felf, much lefs to her Image ; which yet are fo
far oftentimes from being her Image, that it
hath been acknowledged, that fome lewd Pain-
ters have pourtraited that unfpotted Lady to
the likenefs of their own Courtizans , and fo
have propofed her in Churches to be adored.
This worfhip of the Virgin Mary hath almod
worn out the worfliip of her Son, efpecially
where their ridiculous feigned Miracles daily
broached do find any credit .

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Sett. Ill

The Field is Topaz, a
Ring enthronized on his
Seat Royal , Saphire ,
crowned, fceptered, and
invededof the firft, the
Cape of his Robe Er-
myn. Thefe are the
Arms of the City Sivil
in Spain. As we for-
merly prefcribed of un-
reafonable Creatures , that they iliould be fet
forth in their nobled a&ion: fo much more is
it fit, that man (the mod excellent of God's
Creatures ) ihould be fet forth in his greatett
dignity. And as amongd men there are ma-
nifold degrees and callings,fo is it decent (faith
Bartolus) that each particular perfon thould
be habited as is fitting for his eftate, calling.and
imployment; viz.'Principes in [olio Majeftatis,
Tontifex ' hfPontifcalibus \Miles in armis,five
eqHeftrn,five fedeflris, depngi debet: a King in
his Throne of Majedy,a Bifliop in his Pontifical
Veftures, and a Souldier in his Military habit,
either on foot or horsback ; fo thall they re-
ceive fuch reverence, as is anfwerable both to
their perfons and functions.

The Field is Saphire,
a Bifhop feated in his
Chair, habited in his
Pontificals,fudaining his
Crofier in his left arm
dayed upon the Chair ,
and extending his right
hand towards the dexter
point of the Efcocheon,
Pearl. This Coat-Ar-
mour was quartered by Ebe rhardurfomet'imes
Bifliop of Lubrick in Saxony, who was de-
fended of the noble Progeny of the HoUij.
The Dignity Epifcopal is next unto the Regal,
infomuch that Conftantine the Great ( the fird
Chridian Emperour ) received a Bifhop with
no lefs reverence and honour, than if every
one of them had been his own Father ; and
great reafon, fmce they directly fucceed the
Apodlesof Chridin the Government of the
Church ; efpecially if together with this Apo-
dolical Dignity they joyn the truth of Apo-
dolical Doctrine , which the Romifli Bilhops
have aboliflied.

He beareth Gules, a
Saracens head erafed at
the neck, Argent, envi-
roned about the Tem-
ples with a Wreath of
the fecond , and Sable ,
V ClIfBffcV / ky t ' le Name °f Mer-
V^fri'^y' g'th °f Wales. After
Examples of the whole
bearing of man, it is fit
the head fhould firft be handled before the o-

ther

Chap. XXIV. A Diffky of Heraldry.

ther parts ; for that amongft all the parts of I
living Creatures, the head obtaineth the chief-
eft preheminence, faith Pttrim: and (as IJl-
dore noteth) it is called Caput , not only be-
caufe it is capable of the knowledge attained
by the Senfes ; but for that alfoit comprehend-
eth and containeth them all. As this Member
is chiefeft in dignity, fo hath Nature appropri-
ated thereto the higheft and principal place ,, it
being lifted up on high, as in a Watch Towre,
that it might overfee all approaching danger
before it come near ; for which caufealfo Na-
ture hath given man more flexibility to turn a-
bout his neck and look on all fides, than other
Creatures have.

In the workmanlhip of this principal mem-
ber of mans body may we behold with admi-
ration the unfpeakable power, providence, and
mercy of God, if we ihall attentively confider
the order and compofition of the head , with
the external and internal parts thereof.

Firft of all the skull,called in Latin Cranium,
is the uppermoft bone of the head, fafhioned
in the form of a Globe, and diftinguifhed with
their orders of fmall holes and learns. An
Example of bearing in Coat-Armour of three
of thefe skuls on a Cheveron I have formerly
given you, fag. 1 14. where I treated of bones.
The skull is outwardly covered with skin and
thin flelh , left the fame (hould be overburthen-
ed with too much weight. This flefli with that
skin is therefore made full of pores , or fmall
invifible holes, for the more commdious eva-
poration of the grofs humours of the brain , |
and certain excrements thereof ; whereof
hairs are engendred and may have their paf-
fage. The skull is inwardly hollow, to the end
that the brain, which is the feat of all the fen-
fes, might be the more commodioufly confer-
red therein.

The skull hath God diftributed into three
parts, viz.. into Sinciput, which is the fore-
part thereof, and conjoyneth to the forehead;
into Occiput, which is the hindmoft part
thereof ; and into Verticem , which is the
Crown or middle part of the fame , feated' be-
tween the fore and hinder part aforenamed.

Under thefe three partitions are placed three
feveral faculties : In the fore'partis the Than-
tafie, or Senftu Communis, fa I. the Judgfnent
of the Senfes , or universal notion of things ;
in the middle the Imagination ; and Memory
in the hinder part of the head.

Within the concavity of the -skull the brain
hath his being, diftinguifhed with 5 little Ven-
tricles or Cells, one in the forepart, another in
the midft, andthelaft in the hinder part: In
which three Ventricles, the forms and ideas of
things, apprehended by the exrerior fenfes , are '
feverally and diftinctlv imprinted.Therefore to !
the end the fame might be more effectually
performed, God made not the brain fluent, like
water, for then would it not apprehend or re-
tain thofe conceited forms; nor yet of folid

fubftance^ like bones, for then could it not ea-
fily admit the impreffions of fuch imaginary
forms : but he made the brain of an indifferent
temper, viz. moderately foft, and moderate-
ly hard, to wit , of a foft and temperate na-
ture.

Furthermore, God hath made in the brains
of man certain concavities or hollowneffes,and
thofe hath he replenifhed with vital fpirits ,
without which the interiour fenfes could not
confift : and thefe fpirits doth the foul ufe to
underftand by, and to the performance of o-
ther actions which lhe produceth in the head.

Moreover, in the brain hath he placed the
fountain of the finews, which from thence are
difperfedly conveyed throughout the body; as
well thofe nerves and finews as are fenfitive, as
alfo thofe that are motive,viz, thofe that give
motion to the body. But who can exprefs or
conceive in mind the manifold inftruments of
the foul, that God hath placed in the head of
man?

In the head we may obferve ( well-nigh )
all the ufes of the foul. Behold the admirable
compofition of mans head, which of all other
parts of the body is the nobleft ; and how all
and fingular the parts thereof are accommoda-
ted and applied by our moft gracious Maker,
Conferver, and Redeemer, to ferve for the u»
fes of all the faculties of the foul!

If the framing of this one member (I mean
the head of a man} be fo admirable in it felf;
how much more is the compofition of thd
whole frame of the body, being conjoyned and
united together with finews and arteries, in d
proportionable manner, and furnifhed through^
out with all the external and internal parts,
and their particular appurtenances to be admi-
red ?

The members of Animals are (of Philofo-
phers) ufually diftinguilhed into external and
internal, and fo be handled feverally each one
apart by it felf : but I labouring to be brtef
herein , will handle thofe outward and inward
parts only, whofe fhapes and forms I find to be
born in Coat- Armour, leaving the more copi-
ous and exact handling of them to the confi-
deration of Phyficia'ns, Chirurgions, and Ana-
tomifts profeffed, to whofe confideration they
do more properly appertain.

The head in Latin is called Caput, becaufe
it is the chief and principal beginning of the
whole fabrickof the body, and withal the no-
bleft of all other the members thereof.

In the head do the two principal faculties of
the foul reft, viz. the Intelligent and Sentient,
and do there execute their functions, albeir that
the vegetable faculty alfo hath his operation
there, but the other two do reign and chiefly
predominate therein : therefore it is the feat
and refidence of all the fenfes, as well internal
as external, placed :n the head, and that for
good caufe ; for fince that the faculty Intelli-
gent underftandeth not in any other fort thari

184

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Sed.liL

by infpe&ion of imagination and imaginary
fhapes, which are engendred of external forms,
and are by the outward fenfes conveyed to the
phantafie or image conceived in the mind.Moft
wifely therefore Hath God there placed the feat
and wifdome of all the fenfes,where the mind
hath her being, that fo fhe need not go farr to
leek thofe imaginary forms whereof fhe is to
confider, to underltand and difpofe of accord-
ing to order.

Therefore inafmuch as the fenfes are become
ferviceable to the mind, there the feat or refi-
dence of the fenfes is molt fitly placed, where
the mind doth exercife her offices and operati-
ons.

From the fame head do proceed all the
nerves and fin^ws wherewith each bone and
member, as alfo the univerfal body is conjoyn-
ed and fattened together, and confolidated ,
and alfo receiveth increafe and being. In the
head is placed the principal part of manly form,
the Vifage, whereby he differeth from all o-
ther Animals , and doth far furpafs them in fa-
vour and comlinefs ; whereof the Poet rightly
wrote in thefe words,

Finxit in effgiem moderantiim cunBa deorum. j
Trouaq; cum ffeBent animalia aetera terram,
Os homini fublime dedit, azlumquc tueri
JujJitfS eretlos ad fidera toller e vultus.

Ovid. Met. i.

■ -fixt the form of all tti all-ruling 'Deities.
And whereas others fee with down caft eyes,
He with a lofty Idok did man endue ,
And hade him Heavens tranfcendent glories

(view.

Forafmuch as God would that the faculties,
both intelligent and fentient, fliould predomi-
nate in the head; therefore did he form and ac-
commodate therein inftruments well fitting for
either ufe : Of thefe inftruments there are on-
ly two forts , whereof the firft contained: the
inftruments of the inferiour fenfes, and the o-
ther of the outward.

The inftruments ferving for the ufe of the
external fenfes (whereof there is ufe in Ar-
mory) are not many ; therefore will I handle
them as I fliall find ufe of them in Coat- Ar-
mour: the reft I will only name, and fo pafs
them over as impertinent to my purpofe.Thefe
inftruments of the external fenfes are in num-
ber five, that is to fay, the eyes, noftrils, ears,
mouth, with the roof and palate thereof, and
the tongue. Of thefe I find only the eyes born
in Coat- Armour, therefore of them only will
I treat fomething in their due place , as thofe
that are bed known to ufe.

He beareth Argent,
three Moors heads cou-
ped, Sable,bandcd about
the head% Gules,by the
Name of Tanner ; and
is the Coat of Juhn Tan-
ner oiCourt in Cornwall,
Eiq;

Or, 3 Moors heads
couped, Sable , banded
about the heads, Argent, is born by the Name
of Micooi London.

He beareth Or , a
Crofs, Gules , between
four Black-moors heads
couped at the fhoulders,
proper, by the Name of
Juxon. This with the
Arms of ZJlfter , is the
Coat-Armour of Sir
Uillianijuxonoi Little
Compton in Glocefter-
jbire, Baronet.

He beareth Argent, a
Cheveron , Sable , be-
tween four Black-moors
heads couped, proper ,
by the Name of jues.
I find that fbme have
given this Coat- Armour
another blazon thus, He
beareth Argent, a Che-
veron between 5 Jews
heads couped, Sable ; but then I take it the
Bearers name mould have its Othography
thus, Jewes.

Now I will fhew you a rare, yet an ancient
bearing of Childrens heads couped, enwrapped
about the necks with Snakes.

He beareth Sable, a
Cheveron between 3
Childrens heads couped
at the fhoulders , Ar-
gent, their Peruques,Or,
enwrapped about the
necks with as many
Snakes, proper, by the
Name of Vaughan. It
hath been reported(how
truly I cannot fay) that fome one of the Ance-
ftors of this Family, was born with a Snake a-
bout his neck ; a matter not impoffible , but
yet very unproba-ble : Idea qutere.

Chap.XXlV.

A Difplayof Heraldry:

He beareth Argent, a
Cheveron , Gules , be-
tween three Peruques ,
Sable. This Coat Hand-
eth in one of the Win-
dows of New-Inn Hall
withoutTemple-barr in
London. Llodius (fir-
named Com 1 it us , be-
caufe of his long hair)
having attained the Go-
vernment of the Stern in the Kingdom of
France, at his firft coming to the Crown did
inftitute a Law, That the French men (botiid in
common wear their hair low m token of liber-
ty. And fo contrariwife /having off the hair
was a fign of fervile bondage : For the Romans
C faith France de Rogers ) did inftitute by a
fublick Edic1,tbat the hairs of bondage lljould
be jbaven m token of bondage. But as hairs
change according to time, fo it is the part of a
a wife man (faith Famefius) to conform him-
ielr to the mutability of times and feafons.

He beareth harry Ne-
bule of fix pieces , A-
zure and Argent, on a
Chief of the fecond j
eyes , Gules , by the
Name of de La Flay of
Ireland. The eyes hath
God formed with admi-
rable skill in fuch fort ,
as that by them the vi-
lible fpints are transferred to the foul. For by
them as it were by Windows, the foul doth
apprehend the forms and kinds of things co-
loured by way of attraction ; therefore to the
end the fame might be the more commodiouf-
ly performed, hrft of all, he made them flip-
pery and round, that they might more eafily
move and (hr every way, and fo apprehend the
colours of all forts of things which are either a-
bove, below, on the right hand, or upon the
left, as it were in a moment. He would that the
eyes fliould conlift of three diftinct humors to
wit of a watery or whitim humour , of a
glaffie and a chriflaline humor; and thofe feve-
red each from other with mod thin films or
skins, to the end that they mould be capable
o t f H" ° r kinds of colours. In the midft
of thefe there is a little ball (as it were) which
we call the ball, or apple of theeye,asit w«e
a certain ho e, through which the fight hath
itspaflage ; by wmch, as through a little win-
dow or cafement, the vifiblc fpirits of the foul
are fent forth to their objects, and alfo the
Jfecies or kinds of colours are received inward
and conveyed to that m<&>J*f* communis
orthephantafie(wluch is feared in the fore
part of the brain) by means of flnews that do
bring fight to the eves.
Cod hath annexed thofe two nervts or fi-

news , as the Wagons of the feapes and re-
femblances received into the eyes, to bee,
veyed to the phantafie : which finews , albeit
there are two of them annexed to each eye ,
neverthelefs, when they are protracted to the
brain , they do joyn together and end in one
point, for this end and purpofe, that the fh apes
that were twofold in the two eyes, they fhould
yet end in one , forafmuch as the conceived
ihapes are (imply of one colour , and that fo
the Judge of the Senilis communis,or the phan-
tafie fliould not be deceived.

Furthermore, he hath covered the eyes with
lids, as it were with folding doors, both for
a defence againft harmful objects , and more
fpecialiy for ileep, that thefe being fhut, mail
might take his reft and fleep.

Thefe are the means and instruments of
fight , that is to fay , of the eyes , whereof
who can attain the knowledge of the exact
workmanfhip of them ?

The reft of the beforementioned external
inftruments, viz. the Nofe, Ears, Mouth, with
the Roof and Palate thereof, and the Tongue,
I do pafs them over, as not being of any, or
Cat the leaft) frequent life in Armory, but as
they are parts of the head, and therewith uni-
ted and conjoyned. After the head and parts
thereof, the heart doth challenge the ehicfeft
place, as in Example.

He beareth Argent, a
heart, proper, a Chief,
Sable, by the Name of
Sc ambler. If the heart
( according to Homer )
doth wafte and confume
in thofe, that by any ac-
cidental occafion are at-
tached with fome vehe-
ment or long lingring
ficknefs; much more
mult the heart wafte in thofe, which are poflef-
fed with the fretting canker of Envy againft
the profperity of others, according to that
faying, Jnvidus ipfe fibi eft louge triftifflmtU
hoftis ■ The envious man is a molt deadly foe
to himfelf

He beareth Gules, on
a Chief, Argent, three
hearts, proper , by the
Name of Heart. The
heart (faith one) is na-
turally ftjaped long, and
net round; to figiiifie
that our thoughts and
confultations ought to be
long,deliberate, and not
. . „ hafty and inconfiderate.

This is the Fountain, Seat, and Treafury of
Lite, wherethrough the whole body receiveth
the vital fpints ; which are (as it were) cer-
tain qmckmng flames, which bv the miniftery
C c 6f

A Ditylay of Heraldry.

SeS. 1 1 1

. arteries and vcios.are difperfed fcrpugb,
out nil V arts of the Lody , giwg thereto h e
a nd vi|our, and enabling the lame to the pel -
formance of every action.

He beareth Argent ,
a Pels, Gu'es, between
three hearts vulned, and
diiUUing drops of blood
on the finifter fide, pro-
per , by the Name ot
Tote. Thefe are termed
vulned of theLatin word
vnhms, which fignifieth
a wound. This noble
Member hath Nature
placed in a feat well fitting the dignity thereof
nfomuchasitmay wellbefaid (according to
Jnlktlej Naturaconflituit rem Mo, en
in noMiori loco, ut cor in medio j To the be i
part the beft place- This is that which ot all
other partsGod requireth us to referve tor hip
ftlfi andtohisfervice, where he faith My [on,
nive me thy heart; and good reaion, fince he
tvaspleafedtogive us his Sons heart :, to be
pierced to the death for our dements. And this
place may decide their doubt, who make que-
lfion whether be the more principal part ot a
man, the brain or the heart, fince God prefer-
red the heart, as more eiteeming the hearty
affection of true Charity, than a fpeculative
contemplation void of Chriftian practice.

He beareth Gules,
a heart between two
wings difplayed, Or,'by
the Name of Henry de
Wnigham. The Anci-
ents ufed to hang the fi-
gure of an heart with a
lace or chain from the
neck upon the bread of
a man, fignifying there-
by a man of fincenty ,
and fuch an one as fpeaketh the truth from the
heart, and is free from all guile and diflimula-
tion and is tar unlike thofe that the Pfalmift
mentioned!, faying, They give good vords
with their lip, hit difcmble with their
heart. Too rife are they lound in this Age,
whofe tongue and heart go twodiverfe ways.
Therefore well is that faying verified of thefe
and like perfons, which is ufual in the mouths
of many men , Mel in ore, verba latin; fel
in corde, from in f otitis; Honey in the
mouth , Gall in the heart , and Guile in their
actions.

He bearetlr Argent,
an arm finifler, itiuing
out of the dexter point;
and extended towards
the ftnifter bafe in-lorm
of a Bend , Gules , by
the Name of Cornhslh
The arm is a member
of the body ordained by
Nature for labour : and
for that purpofe (lie hath
fortified the fame flrongly with arteries, muf-
clcs, and fmews. By the arm therefore is fig-
nifie'd a laborious and induftrious man ; but that
no man iTiould rely on his own, or any other
mans power or induftry too much, God hath
forbidden us to truft to the Arm of flefli.

He beareth Gules,
three dexter arms con-
joyned at the Ihoulders,
and flexed in triangle,
Or , with lift clenched,
Argent. This Coat-
Armour pertaineth to
the Family of Tremaine
of Colacombe in Uevou-
jlnre. Thefe arms and
hands conjoyned and
clenched after this manner may fignifie a treble
j offer of revenge for Tome notable injury done
to the perfon or fame of the firft Bearer.which
I to an honeft man is no lefs dear than life ; Nam
honor 33 honeft as pari pajfu cum vita ambula-
rent.

He beareth Or , on
a Chief, Gules, a hand
extended and born tranf-
verfe the Chief, Argent,
by the Name of Matn-
[tone. The hand is the
pledge of friendfhip and
fidelity, which was in
ancient times confirmed
by fhaking of hands;
but later times have taken up another fafhion,
by embracing with the Arms. But the truth
is, a handful of that ancient amity is more
worth than a whole armful of the new , which
now every where confifts in words, not in
deeds. The hand is the chief working inftru-
ment of the body , and of no lefs comlmefs
than ufe ; Qtuim multarum artium miftiWrJe
funt, faith Zanchiits ; of how many Arts is
the hand the worker V and it is called maum
f according to tome) dmanando, velqmaip-
fa e brachio manat, vel quia ex ea man ant, ni-
ght , either for that it proceedeth out of the
arm, or for that the fingers proceed out ot it
This member is divided into five parts, whereof
each one hatha name appropriate to the par-
ticular ufe thereof; as the Thumb is cahed

Tollex,

hap. XXIV.

A Difylay of Heraldry.

i h 7

Tollex, quod virtute pra cater -is polleat , for
the ftrength of it. The forefinger is named
Index, Quia homo illo digito omnia indkat ,
for pointing with it. The next is called of the
place, Me dim, the middle finger. The fourth
AnuLms , or Ring-finger. The fifth Auri-
cularu,bzczufc men ufe to pick their Ear therej-
with.

He beareth Argent:,
three'finifter hands cou-
ped at the wrifts, Gules,
by the Name of Mayn-
ard ; and is the Coat-
Armour of that eminent
Lawyer Sir John Maya-
ard of Gunnerfbury in
the Parifh of Ealing in
Middlesex, Kt. Serjeant
at Laws to his Majefty
K. Charles the Second.

The Field is Pearl, a
Cheveron, Saphire, be-
tween three fmifter
hands couped at the
wrift, Ruby. This is the
Coat- Armour of the Rt.
Honourable William
Lord May nar d of E-
flains in England,3.nd of
Wicklogh in the King-
dom of Ireland.
In the actions and geftures of the body, of
all the members thereof the hand is (as I may
fay) the moft talkative : For it is a ufual thing
-with the moft fort of men , by the motion of
the right hand to crave filence ; when we make
any fpeech or proteftation of our felves, we
do clap our hands upon our breafts ; when we
are moved with admiration, we ftrike our hand
upon our thigh ; with the hand we do becken
and allure unto us, and therewith we do repell
and put from us ; when we fpeak to other men,
we do extend our hands toward them. The
appofition of the finger to the mouth, is a note
of filence craved ; the ftriking of the bread
with the fift, is a token of forrow and repen-
tance ; the exalting and making of the right
hand aloft , is ufual with military perfons
when they will notifie any profperous fuc-

cefs. - /- .,/-

The hand, as it is comly in fight, foisitalfo
of lingular ufe, and an Inftrument of many
Arts : for by their help there is no invention of
mans wit left unattempted and brought to per-
fedion; and therefore it is of all other mem-
bers of mans body, the nimbkft and moft uni-
verfal : yet is the fame no longer reckoned a
part of man, than it can perform her function,
as witneffeth Anfiolc Metapb. Minus um few
per eft pars bom i ms , vtfi quando poteft perfi-
cere opus fuum.

The clapping of hands is a token of joy and

applaufe, and hath been in ufe not only with
men of modern times, when they would fignb
fie their confent and approbation; but alio u ith
thofe of ancient time , as we may fee when
Jehoiada the I'rieft caufed Joaflj the Son of A-
'baz'iah to be crowned K.;ng; Then he brought
out the King's Son , and put the Crown upon
him, and gave htm the Teflimony , and they
made him King, and anointed him, and they
clapt their hands , and [aid , God jave the

King. , . i

Anciently the cutting off of hands and feet

vasufedfor a military punilhment, for fuch
as had committed fome capital crime meriting
death. So we read that Aufidiwt Cajjius , by
anewandunexperimented Example, d:d pu-
nilh divers fugitive Souldiers that had abandon-
ed their Captain , by cutting off their hands
and feet, affirming that fuch punifliment was
more exemplary and difciplinable than the put-
ting of them to death, by how much a long
and lingering reproachful life is worl'c than
death it fdf, that giveth a fpeedy end to all la-
mentable and wretched calamities.

It hath been an ancient cuftome, that when
a Mafter requireth his fervant to perform for
him any matter of importance ("and would ob-
lige him by taking of a folemn Oath to ufe his
beft care and diligence for the effectual accorrt-
plifliing thereof) to caufe his fervant to put his
hand under his thigh , and to take his Oath, as
we may fee Gen. 24. 2., 3. Tut now thy hand
under my thigh, and 1 will make thee [wear
by the Lord, the God of Heaven, and the God
of Earth, that thou Jljalt not take a wife un-
to my Son of the Daughters of the Canaamtes
amongft whom 1 dwell. This Ceremony Ihew-
ed the Servants Obedience to his Mafter, and
the Mafters power over the Servant.

He beareth Argent ,
aFefs, Sable, between
four dexter hands cou-
ped at the wrift, Gules,
by the Name of Qjtp-
tremaine. This was the
Coat of Qua-
tremaine Dr.of Phylick.
The killing of the hand
fo much in ufe with us
at this day, maybe thought to be an inventi-
on of the latter hatchers; but if we lookback
into the cuftoms of ancient times, we lliall find
that it was in ufe many Ages paft, and is by the
revolution of time become new again : For
what it new (faith Solomon ~) that hath been
informer times. Of this cuftome of killing
the hand we read as followcth , Mary when
a thing was lent them, reckoned it to be found,
and put them to trouble th, it helped them. Ti 11
he hath received he will kifl a mans hand.
And concerning the Antiquity of this action of
killing the hand, vou mav further read learned
Mr. Seidell in his Titles of Honour, p. 40.

C c z Ha

i88

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Seft. in;

He beareth barry of
jj fix pieces, Or and Sable,

|Mb£^HH| overall a Pale, Gules,
j!feiaH| charged with a womaiw
dugg, dittilling drops of
milk , proper , by the
Name of T)odge. And
here, becaufe I find in
the Office of Arms a co-
py of the firft Grant of
this Coat-Armour, and that very ancient , I
think it convenient to acquaint the Reader
with fomc particulars of the laid Patent , as I
there find it ; whereby appeareth that James
Hedirgley, then Guyen King of Arms, after
recital made of the loyal and valiant fervice
which Tcter Dodge,born in the Town of Slop-
•Month in the County of Chefter, Gentleman,
had done to King Edward the hrik (for as it
there appeareth by the Copy, this Infirument
beareth date the eighth of April in the i^th.
year of that Kings Reign) in divers battels and
lieges, for w hich the faid King had remunera-
ted him the faid 'Peter with the Gift of a
Seignory or Lordthip there mentioned : He (I
fayj the faid King of Arms, after fuch recital
made, doth give and grant unto the faid Peter
'Bodge, that from thenceforth, II (understand
the laid 'Peter') fort era [on ejeu d'Or & Sables,
barre de fix pieces & wig Pale de Gules, avec
line mamelle de femme degoullant ; tor fo are
the very words and their Orthography, in the
Copy of the Patent, which is in French. Thus
much whereof I thought fit to prefent to the
publick view, not doubting but the Judicious
Reader, by careful obfervation thereof, may
make fome good ufe. The Function of this
Member is thus taught us, i E[d.r. 8. For thou
haft commanded the members, even the Breafts
to give milk unto the fruit appointed for the
breafts, that the thing which is created might
be nourijhcd for a time, till ihon dijpojeff it to
thy mercy.

The Earths Fountains are made to give wa-
ter, and the Breafts of women are made to give
fuck : But Gentlewomen and Citizens wives
are faid to be troubled with a perpetual
drought in their Breafts , like the Gout that
haunteth the rich and wealthy only. By the
Teats fometimes are meant the plentiful Fields
wherewith men are nourillied ; as we may read
JJai. 1%. iz. Men fall lament for the teats ,
even the plea[ant fields, and for the fruitful
vines. Like as wholfome and plentiful feeding
nourifheth and encreafeth milk:fo contrariwife
thin diet, forrow , and grief of mind or fick-
nefs, drieth up, and much wafteth the fame.

The Prophet Jfaiah fhewing the untoward-
nefs of thofe that fhould learn the Word of
God, faith, Whom Jljall he teach knowledge'!
and whom jljall he make to understand the
things that he fearet hi Them that are wean-
ed from the milk, and drawn [rom the breafts,

I[a. 2.8. 9. Whereby he lharply rcprehendeth
their backwardnefs in Religion, and compa-
reth them to Babes newly weaned from the
Breafts.

He beareth Or , a
man's legg couped at
the midft of the thigh,
Azure , by the Name
of Haddon. The Legg
is the member of
ftrength, (lability , ex-
pedition, and obedience.
It was a cuftome of the
ancient World, that Ser-
vants or Children ihouldput their hand under
the thigh of him to whom they fhould be ob-
liged by Oath. Which Ceremony (as fome
take it) they ufed, as well to fhew the ready o-
bedience of the Servants and Children towards
their Matters and Parents , as alfo the Jurisdi-
ction and Authority of their Matters and Pa-
rents over them, as I have formerly fhew'd,
p. 187. So did Abraham caufe his Servant to
do ; and the like Oath alfo did Ifrael require
of his Son Jofeph.

He beareth Argent ,
a man's Legg erafed at
the thigh, Sable , by the
Name of Prime.

In blazoning of Coat-
Armour confiding of
Leggs born after this
manner , I hold it need-
lefs to mention the bear-
ing thereof in Pale, be-
caufe it is natural for a man's Legg to ftand up-
right : But if the fame be born in any other
fort than thus , then ftall you make fpecial
mention thereof.

He beareth Sable, a
Legg couped below the
Knee, Argent , by the
name of ShrigleyoiChe-
fjire. The Legg being
the loweft and lowlielt
part of the Body, there-
fore do we ufe the mo-
tion thereof, to thew
humility and fubmiflion
to our Superiours : And of all geftures of the
Legg, it is not more pliable to any , than to
that whereby we humble our felves before
God in kneeling and praying , as if Nature had
efpe cially framed our Bodies, as well as our
Souls, for that fervice to him that made us. And
in this fenfe God doth delight in man's Leggs,
though he doth not (as himfelf faith) in the
ftrength or beauty thereof. And as the Legg
cut off from the Body lofeth all his former

ftrength.

Cfup.XXV.

A Drfplay of Heraldry.

ftrength: foman cut off from God lofeth all
h;s grace, power, andfelicity, which are on-
ly preferved by our Union with him.

CHAP. XXV.

N the procefs of our former Tracts touch-
ing Animals, as well Rational as Irration-
al, we have been very careful to limit eve-
ry feveral kind of Creatures with his own na-
tural and diftinct bounds, forms, and proprie-
ties ; whereby it happeneth that fuch other
kinds of living Creatures , as are any wav ex-
orbitant from Natures general courfo and in-
tendment, either for qualities or eflence (and
therefore wanted a certain place amongft the
reft ) have been referved for this laft place.
And of thefe are divers forts ; as firft Amfbifti'k,
fuch as live fometimes as if they were Water-
creatures, at other times as if they were Land'-
creatures, as Examples here ihall ihew.

He beareth Argent,
a Bever erected, Sable,
devouring a fifli, proper,
armed, Gules. This Coat
ftandeth in a Glafs- win-
dow in an Inn of Chan-
cery called New-Inn-
hall without Temple-
Barr near London. The
Bevcr is like an Otter ,
and both of them are like fly diflembling Com-
panions, who to make their profit, and feed
their own bellies, will clofely keep good quar-
ter with contrary fides, in affection to neither,
but only for their own behoofttherefore I could
wiili they had one other property of the Be-
ver, which is to geld himfelf, thatfo he might
efcape from his purfuers , who hunt him for
his Tefticles, which are much ufed in Phyfick
This Bever hath only his Tail fiih, and there-
fore keeps that part molt in the water: he hath
his hinder Leggs like a Swan, and his former
like a Dogg , and fo fwimeth with the one
whiles he preyeth with the other.

He beareth Argent,
a Fefs between three
Otters , Sable , by the
Name of Lutterel. Sir
John Maundevile in his
Difcourfes reporteth ,
that in the Countrey of
China they ufe Otters
for Water-doggs , bred
tame among them in

great number, which lb often as they are com-
manded, go into the waters and bring forth
fifli to their Maftcrs.

He beareth Argent*
a Cheveron between
three Seals feet creeled
and erafed, Sable. Thefe
Arms do pertain to the
Town of Yarmouth in
Norfolk. The Fins
wherewith this fifli doth
fwim, do ferve her turn
alfoas feet to go withal
upon the Land. The milk of this Seal ( or
Sea-calf ~) is very wholfome againtl the Falling
iicknefs.i but foe fucketh it out, and fpilleth it
of envyf that it ihould not profit any other.
To this head of Amphibia all other of like na-
ture are to be reduced.

The fecond fort of Nature's unnatural Crea-
tures ( as I may call them) are Bigenerafuch
as are ingendred of two diflinct kinds of Beafts
againft the prefcript of Nature's Order. Of
» hich prodigious kinds of Beafts, as fome have
been procreated by means of mans idle inven-
tion, and others by cafual accident: fo are
there fundry forts of Beafts no lefs unnaturally
ingendred, through carelefs neglect of the fe-
parating each fort of Cattelby themfelves,and
by permitting the Beafts of diflinct kinds to
fort and feed together confufedly in the time of
their heat. Such are thofe that Upton calleth
Mufimones, ingendred of a Goat and a Ram j
Tityri, of a Sheep and a Goat ,• Hybrides, of
a wild Boar and a tame Sow ;Ca(t or ides, Hoggs
ingendered by a Fox and a Bever ; Lycifcus of
a Wolf and a Maftiff, and fuch like . ' '

Thefe bigenerous Beafts (faith Upton') may
well befeem the bearing of Abbots and Ab-
beffes,who bear the Miter and the Crofs, which
are reprefentations of Paftoral Jurifdiction, but
have not the actual exercife thereof; as the
Mule and Leopard, having the generative In-
ftruments of the Horfe and the Lion, yet have
not the natural ufe of them : though in this
property Abbots and Abbeifes have never been
very like them, but for the other refpect.
Whereupon a certain Author hath this fay-
ing ;

Mulws Abbatesjunt in honore pares :

Mules, Abbots, and Abbeffes are alike ;
They bear the weapons, but cannot ftrike;

i9<

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Sea.m.

He beareth Galesj a
Mufimn, Argent. This
is a bigenerous Eeafl ol
unkindly procreation
(like as the Mule before
exemplified amongft
whole-tooted Beafts )
and is engendred be-
tween a Goat and a
Ram; like as the Titjy*
. ingendnd between a Sheep and a Buck
Goat, as Upton noteth.

He beareth Gules, a
Leopard palfant gar-
dant,Or, Ipottcd, Sable.
The fliape of ttc Leo-
pard bewrayetiwis un-
kindly birth, forafmuch
as he in all proportion of
body is more like the
Tardus fi(wz\ in refpect
of the llendernefs of his
body, asofhisfpots, and wanteth the courage
notified by the plentiful Mane, wherewith Na-
ture hath invefted the Lion, being the exprels
token of his generous and noble (pirit. This
rhif-begotten Beaft is naturally an Enemy to
the Lion, and finding his own defect: of cou-
rage to encounter the Lion in fair fight, he ob-
ferveth when the Lion makes his walk near to
his Den, which (in policy) he hath purpofe-
ly wrought fpacious and w ide in the double en-
trance thereof, and narrow in the midft, lb as
himfelf being much more (lender than theLion,
may eafily pals : when he feeth the Lion, he
maketh towards him baftily, as if he would bid
him battel in the open fields ; and when he feeth
the Lion prepared to encounter him, he beta-
keth him to his heels, and maketh towards his
Den with all celerity, whom the Lion eagerly
purfueth with full courfe, dreaming of no dan-
ger by reafon of the large entrance into the
Den. At length, through the vehemency of
his fwift courfe, he becometh fo ftraitned in
the narrow paiTage in the midft of the Den (by
reafon he is much bigger bodied than the Leo-
pard ) that he can go neither forwards nor
backwards. The Lion being thus diftrefled ,
li s Enemy pallet h thorow his Den,and cometh
behind him, and gnaweth him to death. Of
this BeafV, the head is more ufually born in.
Coat-Armour than the whole, and that in a
diverfe manner, as by thefe Examples next en-
fuing may be feen.

Sable, three Leopards
rampant, Argent, ipot-
tcd, Sable, is the Coat-
Armour of Sir 'Thomas
Lynch of Rixton-hall
( anciently called the
Tele j in the Parilh of
Great Sonkey in Lanca-
jhire, Kt. which came
to him by his Mother,
Elizabeth Daughter &
Heir of Thomas Rixton
of the faid place, Gent,
which faid Sir 71 mas is defended of the Fa-
mily of the Lynches of Groves in the County
oUCent, and is one of die Gentlemen of his
Majefi ies Privy Chamber in Ordinary, and was
late Governourof the Wand of Jamaica.

Diamond , a Cheve-
ron between three Leo-
pards heads or faces,To-
paz, is the Achieve-
ment of the Right Ho-
nourable William Earl
of Strafford , Baron
Wentworth of Went-
wort h-woodhonfe,New-
march , Overfley and
Rabby , Knight of the
Garter, and one of the Lords of his Majefties
mod Honourable Privy Council,ckc.

Pearl, a Cheveron, Ruby , between three
Leopards heads, Diamond, is the Coat- Armour
of the Right Honourable Fraticu Vifcount
Newport of Bradford, Baron Newport of
Bigk-Ercall, Lord Lieutenant of the County
of Salop, Treafurerof his Majefties Houftiold,
and one of the Lords of his mod Honourable
Privy Council.

Vert, a Cheveron between three Leopards
heads, Or, is the Coat of Sir Barrow Fitch of
Wcodham-walter in Effex, Kt.

Sable, a Cheveron between three Leopards
heads, Argent, is the Coat of Mr. Tho. Hawes
of the City of London, Merchant.

Or, a Cheveron between three Leopards
heads, Sable, with the Arms of Vlfter, is the
Coat-Armour of Sir Charles Wheler of Burbn-
ry in Warwick jlAre , Baronet, anciently of
Martin-lluljiiigtre in the County of Worce-
ster.

Chap XXV.

A Diffl.yof HerdJry.

He beareth Argent,
a Pile furmounted by a
Fefs between four Leo-
pards heads, Gules , by
the Name of Garro&iay;
and is the Coat of Wil-
liam Garro-jjay of the
City of ChichrjJer in
Sltffex, Efq;

Gules , on a Bend ,
Argent, three Leopards
heads of the Field , is
the Coat-Armour of
Colonel Robert Werrien
of the City of Chefier,
Comptroller to his Roy-
al Highnefs James
Duke of Tort, and firft
Lieutenant and Major
of his Guards.

Or, on a Bend, Azure, three Leopards heads
Argent, is the Coat of John Mmgay of Gi-
tningham in Norfolk, Efq;

He beareth Argent,
on a Fefs engrailed ,
Gules , three Leopards
heads, Or, by the Name
of Barton, and is born
by Nicholas Barbon of
the City of London,
M. D. and one of the
Colledge of Phyficians
of the faid City.

Azure , two Barrs,
Argent, in Chief three
Leopards heads, Or, by
the Name of Wright ;
and with the Arms of
ZJlfler, is the Coat-Ar-
mour of Sir ..Hems
Wright of T)agenha;n
in the County of Effex,
Baronet. This Coat is
alfo born by Sir Benja-
min Wright of Cranham-hallia the faid Coun-
ty, Baronet.

He beareth Fabic,
two Barrs, Ermyn , in
Chief, three Leopards
heads or faces, Or, by
the Name of felt ham;
and is the Coat- Armour
of Oiuen Feltham of
Grays-Inn in the Coun-
ty cjt Wddlfex, Efq;

He beareth Argent, a
Cheveron , Gules , be-
tween three Leopards
heads erafed, gardant ,
Sable, by the Name of
Famngton ; and is the
Coat-Armour of John
farrrington of London,
Merchant , defended
from the ancient Fami-
ly of the Farrir.gtotn of
Were/en near harrmg-
ton-htathm Lancafiirc ;zFzmi\y that came
into England with William the Conquerour,
and have fince continued in a flouriihing condi-
tion-, there having been eight Knights of the
faid Family-
He beareth Verry ,
on a Pale, Gules, three
Leopards heads, Or, by
the Name of OcAowla.
The Leopard hath a
name well fitting his un-
kindly procreation and
double Nature : for be-
ing ingendered between
the Lionefs and the Par-
d'u?, is thereupon called a Leopard. It is often-
times found in the hot Climates, efpecialiy in
Africa, where, through great fcarcity of wa-
ters, manyBeafts did often convent together
at fome River to drink , of whofe commixtion
many monftrous births have been produced ;
which gave occafion of that vulgar Proverb,
Semper aliquid novi fert Africa ; Africa ftill
yields new Monftcrs.

The Field is Sable, a
Leopards head, Argent,
jelTant, a Flower de lis ,
Or , by the name of
Mcrlcy ; and is born
by Sir William Morley
of Halnaber in the
County of Suffex , Kt.
of the Bath. Whatjef-
fant is, I have formerly
Ihewed you in the fifteenth Chapter of this
third Section, fag. 144. And now I will fhew

you'

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Sett. 111.

\ou three Leopards heads jeffant, the like flow-
ers born in one Efcocheon.

The Field is Sable ,
three Leopards heads
jelfant, Flowers de lis ,
Or. This Coat is alfo
born by the Name of
Morley, and is the Coat
of William Morley of
Glinde in Suffex, Efq;
Some are of opinion that
this colour Sable, is the
moft ancient of colours ; and their reafon is ,
for that it appeareth in Gene/is, chap, i .z. that
darknefs was before God made light. Here
you fee this Sable Field charged with Or. And
whatkindof qualified and conditioned Bearer
a Coat-Armour of this colour and metal befit-
teth , I have already declared in the tenth
Chapter of this third Sedion, fag. 107.

Now in the blazon of this next enfuing Ef-
cocheon, I in this prefent Edition lhall upon
better consideration differ from that which I
gave it in my former , Secunda cogitathnes
Jape fittit meliores.

He beareth Gules, 3
Leopards heads,Or, jef-
lant Flowers de lis , A-
zure, over all a Bend
engrailed of the third,
by the Name ofDeunn.
This is that ancient
Coat- Armour of that
Family, as appeareth in
the Cathedral Church
of Worcefler and Hereford , as alfo in the
Churches of 'Durham and Aufte, and many ci-
ther places: neverthelefs , fome have of late
years altered the Flowers de lis into Or,
wherein they have much wronged the Bear-
ers, in rejecting the ancient form , which is
both warranted by antique Monuments, and no
way difcommendable, fince it is born in the
natural colour.

The Field is Gules,
three Leopards heads
reverfed, fwallowing as
many Flowers de lis, Or.
This Coat pertaineth to
the See of Hereford.
Thefe Leopards heads
differ from the former in
this, that they are born
reverfed ; of which form
of bearing you muft take fpecial notice in bla-
zon; as alfo of the Flowers de lis , which in
thefe are faid to be fwallowed , and not born.

CHAP. XXVI.

ANOTHER fort there is of exorbitant
Animals much more prodigious than all
the former ; fuch are thole Creatures
formed, or rather deformed, with the confufed
fhapes of Creatures of different kinds and qua-
lities. Thefe (according to fome Authors)are
called in Latin Monftra a Monjlrando , for
foreihewing fome ftrange events. Thefe Man-
ners (faith St. Jlugufine~) cannot be reckoned
among/1 1 hofe good Creatures that God created
before the tranfgrejjlon of Adam : for thofe did
God ( when he took the furvey of them J pro-
nounce to be valde bona, for they had in them
neither accefs nor defect , but were the perfect
workman/hip of God's Creation. And of them.
Zanchius faith, that Eorum deformitas habet
'vfifS , aim \§ Deo ferviant ad gloriam ipfius
illuftrandam, & eletTu ad falutem promoven-
dam. If man had not tranfgreffed the Law
of his Maker, this dreadful deformity (in like-
lyhood) had not happened in the procreation
of Animals, which fome Philofophers do call
TeccataNatura, Errors in Nature ; Qiioniam
uatura impeditur in horum generatione,tie pof-
fit quale velit producer e Animal. Some ex-
amples in this kind here enfue.

He beareth Argent, a
Griffon paffant , his
wings difplaied , Sable,
armed, Gules , by the
Name of Halloa. Leigh
in his blazon of tjiis
Beaft addeth this word
Sergreant, in regard of
his two-ford form ,
wherein he doth (as
touching his foreparts) participate with the
Eagle, and (in the hindmoft parts) with the
Lion : If that be the caufe, then doubtlefs that
term cannot be faid to be peculiar to the Grif-
fon, as he would have it , but rather common
to whatfoever other Animal of double nature ;
as the Wiverne, Cockatrice, &c.

He beareth Or , a
Griffon rampant , with
wings difplaied , Sable,
by the name of Morgan,
a fprcading Family in
Monmouthfhire, and ma-
ny of the Welch Coun-
ties : Amongft which
are Sir 'Thomas Morgan
of Langattogg, Baronet,
William Morgan of Tredegar and MachenM^-
Thomas Morgan of Teur'ofe, Efq. Thomas Mor-
gan of Lanromney, Efq; James Morgan of
Lant ill 10-Tert holey, Efq; and William Mor-
gan of Wevgohen,¥S^ all. in Monmouthfhire';

and

Chap.XXVI.

A Dijpiay of Heraldry.

J 93

and William Morgan of Newton in Brecknock-
jbire, Efq.

Vert, a Griffon rampant, Or, is the Coat of
Richard Coleling of Corelcy in Shropjhire, Efq;
Principal Secretary to the Right Honourable
Henry Ea.r\ of St. Albans, Lord Chamberlain
of his Majefties Houlhold.

Azure, a Griffon fergreant or rampant, Or,
is the Coat of Sir John Read of Brocket-hall
in Hartfordfljire , Baronet. As alfo by the
Name of Curfellts ; and by Mr. James CurfeBk
of London, Merchant.

Sable, a Griffon fergreant, Or, is the Coat
of the Honourable Society of Grays-Inn, be-
ing one of the four Inns of Court. The erect-
ing of the fore-leggs of this Griffon is an evi-
dent teftimony of his readinefs for action,
which addcth a fecond force of his attempt,and
promifeth a fuccefsful event of his enterprife ,
by reafon he uniteth force and induftry toge-
ther. The Griffon having attained his full
growth, will never be taken alive ; wherein
he doth adumbrate, or rather lively fet forth
the property of a valorous Souldier , whofe
magnanimity is fuch , as he had rather expofe
himfelf to all dangers,and even to death it felf,
than to become a Captive.

As a Lion rampant is figured eretim, eleva-
tuf, mordax ore, radens pedibus ; fo may a
Bear, Griffon, or whatfoever other Animal of
fierce nature (as aforefaid } that is fhaped in
like form and action : For the Lion is not faid
to be rampant , becaufe he reprefenteth the
fhape of a Lion, but in refpect of his fierce and
cruel action ; fo this in like manner ufing the
fame actions, may apertly participate the fame
terms of blazon, his double ihape notwithftand-
ing, Similium enim fimilis efl ratio.

He beareth Azure , a
Griffon paffant & Chief,
Or, by the Name Eve-
lyn, a very fpreading
and worthy Family in
S urrey , Buckingham-
shire , Kent, and elfe-
where: Of which Fa-
mily are George Evelyn
of Blechingley, Efquire,
George Evelyn of Wot-
ton, Efq; Edward Evelyn of Long.'Ditton ,
Efq; George Evelyn ofGodHone, Efq; and
Richard Evelyn of Eitjham, Efq; all in the
County of Surrey : Alfo John Evelyn otSayes-
Court in Tleptford in Kent, Efq; and George
Evelyn of Hunters-combe in Bucks, Efq;

He beareth Or , a
Griffon fergreant , Sa-
ble , within a Bordure,
Gules , by the Name of
Boys, a Family of good
account in Kent , now
exiftiiig iti the perfons
of John Boys of Fred-
viU'm Nomngton , Efq;
John Boys of Botjhan-
ger Efq; and Samuel Boys of Hawkes-hersl ,
Efq;

He beareth Or, on a
Cheveron between 3
Cinque-foils, Azure, as
many Efcallop fliells ,
Argent, on a Chief,
Gules, a Griffon paffant,
Argent, by the Name of
Hawkins ; and is the
Coat-Armour of Ri-
chardHawkms of Mar.
cham in Bark/hire ,
Gent.

Sable , a Gheveron
between three Griffons
heads erafed, Argent.
This is the Coat of Sir
John Cotton of Lan-
wade'm Cambridge/ire,
Baronet.

He beareth Sable, a
Cheveron per Pale, Ar-
gent and Or, between
three Griffons heads e-
rafed , Argent , by the
tizms oi Bourne ; and is
born by John Bourne of
Morepelds in the Parifli
of St. Leonards Shore-
ditch in MiddleS'ex, Dr.
of Phyfick.

D d

194

A Difylay of Heraldry.

He beareth per Bencf, j
Or and Gules , three
Griffons heads erafed,
counterchanged on a
Chief, Argent, a Flower
de lis between two Ro-
fes of the fecond, by the
Name of Rycroft , or
Roycroft, who from A-
bivill in Normandy ,
planted themfelves in
Lafica/kt're ; from
whence are derived the feveral Stems in Shrop-
shire, CbeJInre, Devorfhire, and Lont/on&nd
is born by Jofiah Rycroft of London , Mer-
chant.

He beareth Argent,
on a Fefs, between three
Griffons heads erafed,
Sable , as many Mullets
of the Field , by the
Name of Cliff'e ; and is
the Coat-Armour of Al-
lan Cliff'e of the City of
London , Efq; Grand-
child to Allan Cliff'e Re-
dtor of Great Whit ley in
Shrop/t/ire , who was
one of the younger Sons of Sir Richard Cliff e of
in the faid County of Salop,
who lived tempore Hen. 7.

He beareth Argent,
a Wiverne , his wings
difplaied, and tail now-
ed, Gules, by the Name
of Drakes. This word
Nowed is as much to fay
in Latin as Nodatus.
This tail is faid to be
nowed, becaufe it is in-
tricately knotted with
divers infoldings, after the manner of a Frette.
Like as a Griffon doth participate of a Fowl
andaBeaft, as aforefaid ; fo doth the Wiverne
partake of a Fowl in the wings and leggs, and
with a Snake, Adder, or fuch other Serpents
(as are not of greffible kind , but glide along
upon their belly) and doth rcfcmble a Serpent
in the tail.

The Poets do feign that Dragons do keep,
or (according to our Engliih phrafe ) fit a-
brood upon Riches and Treafures , which are
therefore committed to their charge, becaufe
of their admirable fharpnefs of fight, and for
that they are fuppofed ( of all other living
things ) to be the moft valiant. Adag. col. J15.
whereof Ovid. Metamorph. 7.

Tervigilem fupereft herbk fopire Draconem.

The Dragons are nit. rally fo hot, that they

cannot be cooled by drinking of water, but ftill
gape for the Air to refrelh them, as appeareth
Jeremiah 14. 6. And the wild Affes did ffand
'in the high places, they [miffed up the wind lite
Dragons ; their eyes did fail becaufe there
was nograjs.

He beareth Sable , a
Cockatrice difplaied ,
Argent, crefted, mem-
bred , and jolloped ,
Gules, by the Name of
Buggine. The Cocka-
trice is called in Latin
Reguhu , for that he
feemeth to be a little
King amongft Serpents;
not in regard of his quantity, but in refpect ot
the infection of his peftiferous and poifonful
afpecSt, wherewith he poifoneth the Air. Not
unlike thofe devillilh Witches, that do work
the deftrudtion of filly Infants , as alfo of the
Cattel of fuch their Neighbours, whofe pro-
fperous eftate is to them a moft grievous eye-
fore. Of fuch Virgil in his Eucolicks makes
mention, faying,

Nefcio quu ten'eros ocultts tnihi fafcinat Agnos.

I know not what wicked eye hath bewitched
my tender Lambs.

He beareth Argent,a
Reremoufe difplaied,Sa-
ble, by the Name of
Rakfter. The Egyptians
( faith Tierius ) nfed
to fignifle by the Rere-
tmufe a man that having
JmaU means and weak
power, either of Nobi-
lity, or of Fortune, or
y et flored with pregnancy of wit, hath ncver-
thelefi ftepped up jo fuddenly, thai he might

feem not Jo much to be fupported by the earth ,
as by a judden flight to be exalted above the
fame. Sometimes you fhall find this Bird born
in the form of fome Ordinary ; for fo fhall you
fee them born difplaied in Pale, three of them
one above another. As in the Enfigns of -the
Kingdom of India, forted amongft the Coat-
Armours of the innumerous multitude of the
great ailembly holden at the Council of Con-
fiance, AnnoDom. 141 4. This little Creature
doth partake both with Beaft and Bird, in fuch
nearnefs of refemblance to either of them, as
that it may (with reafon) be doubted of whe-
ther kind he is. By occafion whereof he taketh
advantage in the Battel between Beafts and
Birds ( mentioned in the Fables of JEfop ) to
flutter aloft above them, to behold the event of
that dangerous fight, with a refolution to in-
cline to the ftronger part. Of all Birds ( ac-
cording to Tliny) this alone bringeth forth

young

Chap.XXVII.

A Difplay of Heraldry:

young alive,and none but (lie hath wings made
of panicles or thin skins. So is ihe the only
Bird that fuckleth her young with her paps,
and giveth them milk.

He beareth Azure,
an Harpy with her
wings diiclofed,her hair
flotant , Or , armed of
the fame. This Cdat
ftandeth in Huntington
Church. Of this kind
of Bird C o.r rather
Monfter) Virgil wri-
teth in this manner :

Triftins baud illis monftrum, nec ftevior utta
Teflis tSiradeum; Stygiis Jefe extulitundk;
Virginei volucrum vultus , fadijjima ventris
Jngluvies, tmcaq; manusfS -pallida femper
Orajame. 1 ' - ■

Of mongers all, moft monftrous this ; no greater
wrath

God (ends 'mongft men ; it comes from depth

of pitchy tfell:

And Virgins face, but wombe Hie gulf unfa-
tiate hath,
Her hands are griping claws, her colour
pale and fell.

The Field is Azure,
an Harpy difplaied, cri-
ned, crowned, and arm-
ed, Of. Thefe are the
Arms of the noble City
of Norenberga, which ,
according to fome Au-
thors, is fcituate in the
very Center of the vaft
and fpacious Countrey
of Germany. The Harpy (faith XJptoii) Jhould
te given to j'uch perjons as have committed
manflaiighter, to the end that by the often view
of their Enfigns they might be moved to bewail
thefoulnejs of their offence.

He beareth Argent,
a Mermaid , Gules, cri-
ned, Or , holding a Mir-
ror in her right hand ,
and a Comb in her left,
by the Name of Ellis.

To thefe muft be added Montegres, Satyrs,
Monk-fifties ; as alfo Lions-dragons , Lions-
poifons, and whatfoever other double ftiaped
Animal of any two or more of the particular
kinds before handled.

CHAP. XXVII,

UNTO this will I add fome forts of A-
nimals, which although they be duly
fliaped, and therefore may feem to a-
gree with thofe of the fame kind formerly
treated of, yet do they much differ from them,
either in their unnatural poftures and geftures;
or elfe being with fome liberty-debarring in-
strument by mans induftry and invention re-
ftrained of their natural freedom,as by a chain,
or the like ; and therefore could not, according
to Methods ftrict rule, have been handled pro-
mifcuou fly among the former. Some few Ex-
amples of this kind of bearing of Animals of
this fort in Coat- Armour , I here preftnt unto
your view.

He beareth Or, a
Lion rampant, ragar-
dant , Sable , armed i
Gules, by the Name of
Gway the Voyde, fome-
time Lord of Cardagan
in Wales.

Argent, a Lionrarri-
pant,regardant, Sable, is
the Coat of Thomas Mat hew of Caftle-Mengcb
in Glamorganjljire, Efq;

Or, a Lion rampant,regardant, Sable,is born
by John Lloyd of Keyfwyn in Merioneth/hire,
Efq.

This action doth manifeft an inward and de-
generate perturbation of the mind , which is
meerly repugnant to the moft couragious na-
ture of the Lion, Cujrn naturaeft imperterrita-,
according to the faying, Leofortijftmns beftia-
rum ad nullius pavebit occurfum.

The form of bearing of the Lion regardant,
albeit in refpeel of his courage and magnani*
mity it be contrary to his natural quality , for
that it may be thought, and is indeed general-
ly holden to be a chief note of timoroufriefs ,
which is meerly contrary to his generous na-
ture; yet neverthelefs it is good Armory, not
only in him, but alfo in all other Animals of
like bearing, fo long as they are born fignifi-
cantly ; and it fitteth our profeiTiori to inter-
pret all forts of bearing to the beft , that is to
fay, to the moft honour of their Bearers. To
the end therefore that I may give fome fatif-
fadtion touching the commendable bearing
thereof to fuch as do hold the contrary, I
hold the fame form of bearing to be born (nof.
only in the Lion, but in whatfoever other Ani-
mals) (ignificantly, and therefore commenda-
bly : forafmuch as fuch action betokeneth a
diligent circumfpection or regardful confidera-
tionof fore-palled events of thirigs, and com-
D d 2. paririg

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

196

paring of them with things prefent, that he j
may give a conjectural ghefs of the effects oi
things yet to come, and reftingin dehberation,
which proprieties are peculiar to men that are
careful and confiderate of fuch bufmeiies as they
do undertake.

He beareth Argent,
a Lion rampant coward,
Purpure,by the Name oi
Rowch. This is termed
a Lion coward, for that
in cowardly fort he clap-
peth his tail between his
Leggs, which is proper
to all kind of Bealts (ha-
ving tails ) in cafe of
extremity and fear , than which nothing is
more contrary to the magnanimity and noble
ftomack of the Lion, who will not fhrink or
be abalhed at any encounter, fo valiant and re-
folute is he of nature.

Other forts of bearing of Animals there be,
whofe natural actions are hindred by reafon of
the appofition of certain Artificial Impediments;
as (hall appear hereafter in thefe next following
Efcocheons.

He beareth Argent,
a Lion rampant, Sable,
gorged with a Collar,
and a Chain thereto
affixed reflexing over
his back , Or , by the
Name of Meredith.
Such form of bearing
may fignifie fome Bear-
er thereof to be capti-
vated by fuch an one as was of greater power
thanhimfelf.

No Bead can be truly faid to be free that is
tied about the neck.which Arifiotle obferveth,
faying, Nullum 'animal tunc eft liberum,quan-
docollutn fuum vinatlis habet foltitum.

The Field is Gules, a
Boar, Argent , armed ,
grilled , collared , and
chained, Or, tied to an
Holly-bufh on a Mount
in bafe.bothproper.This
was the Paternal Coat-
Armour of George Ow-
en, Efq. deceafed , a An-
gular lover and an indu-
flrious Collector of Antiquities , as Learned
Mr. Camden writeth in the defcription of Tem-
brokefliire. He was owner of the Barony of
Keimes in the faid County , which, as the fame
Mr. Camden there noteth, confiftethof twenty
Knights fees, and twenty fix Parifhes over and
above the three Boroughs of Newport, Ftjh-
gard, and St. Dogmaels. By this Mr. Owens
mduftry the printed Mapp of the faid County

Seft.IIL

was, as you may fee in the faid Mr. Camden %
defcription, compofed.

He beareth Sable, a
Horfe paifant, Argent,
fpanceled on both Leggs
of the nearer fide,Gules,
by the Name of 'Terci-
valh Albeit this Horfe
be now fpanceled as you
fee , yet muft yon not
account him to be of fo
bafe and dejected na-
ture, as that he hath been forced to this fubje-
ction, but rather won thereunto by tradable
ufage : for fuch is the quality of noble Spirits,
as that they are rather brought to conformity
by gentlenefs than by feverity,according to the
memorable faying of Seneca, Generojus ani-
mus facilius ducitur qudm trahitur. For it is
with irrational Animals as with the rational ,
who are rather drawn by the Ears than by the
Cloak, that is, they are fooner won by per-
fwafion than forced by compulfatory means :
which being taken in this fenfe, the impofition
of this artificial note of reflraint, doth no way-
derogate from the worth of the Bearer.

In theclofing up of this third Section of Ir-
rational Animals, I will note unto you fome
few Examples (not unworthy yourobfervati-
on) of fome other forts of bearing than have
been hitherto fpoken of; for that I would not
willingly omit any thing worthy of note, that
may fervefor your better information : For I
had rather you were ill furnifhed at my hands ,
than that I fhould leave you altogether disfuf-
nifhed. The things that I purpofe to note un-
to you in this place, are briefly thefe , to wit,
That there are fome Coat-Armours , whole
Fields (befides their grand Charge) do admit
fome petite Charge to be annexed to the pri-
mer Charge. Others there are, wherein the
Field being freed of luch petty Charges, the
fame are impofed upon theCharge it felf. Hence
it is , that we have fo many Lions and other
living things born Gutte, Burette, Efcalloppe,,
Pellette , Sec. as by this that snfueth in part
may befeen.

mr jU He beareth Azure, a

I I I Lion rampant, between
|5 If eight crofs Croflets

tKiL +L. fitchedj three, two,two,
^Jflkw I an d one , Or, charged
on the moulder with a
Crefcent, Gules, a Chief
of the fecond , by the
Name of Jordane. A
li ke bearing to this (the
Chief excepted) hath the Lord ^Delaware for
his fecond Coat, which is Gules, crufule boton-
ne fitche.a Lion rampant, Argent, by the Name
of Laware, which I do note unto you for a
further inftanceof fuch bearing.

Azure,

Chap. XXVII. A Diftlay of Heraldry.

197

Azure, flory Or, a Li-
on rampant, Argentjand
is born by Nevill 'Pool
of Oakley in Wtll{bire,
Efq;

The Field is Dia-
mond, a Lion rampant
between eight erodes
Croflets, Pearle This
Coat-Armour pertain-
eth to the ancient Fami-
ly of Long of Wiltfiire:
whereof that Honoura-
ble and vertuous Baron-
nefs, the Lady R uffel ,
fometime wife to the late Right Honourable
and thrice-worthy Sir William Ruffel , Lord
Ruffe I of Thoruehaw, deceared, was defcended;
whofe feveral vertues deferveto be publiihed
by a more skilful pen. Yet can I not but mew
my dutiful affefbion unto them for many thofe
honourable refpedts touching my own particu-
lar.

Or, a Lion rampant
between eight crofs
Croflets, Azure, by the
Name of Bonne I of ''Nor-
folk.

Argent , Semy de
Cinque-foils, Gules, a
Lion rampant , Sable
is the Paternal Coat-
Armour of William
Tierrepont of Or ton
in Huntingtonjhire, Efq;
Brother to the Right
Honourable Henry Mar-
quefs 'of Dorche/Ier/Sc.

Sable, Semy de Cinque-foils a Lion ram- '
pant, Argent, is born by the Name of Clifton.

A zure , flory a Liotl
rampant gardant , Ar*
gent , by the Name of
Holland 5 and is the
Coat-Armour of Sir
John Holland of Qui*
denham'm Norfolk Ba»
ronet

Sable , a Lion ram-
pant, Argent, debruifed
with a Bendlet,GuIes,by
the Name of 'Churchill ,
and is born by Sir John
Churchill of Churchill
in Somerfetjbire , Kt*
defcended from the an-
cient Family of the
Chnrchillsm the Coun-
ties of Somerfet, 'Devon,
and Dorfet , flourifhing in the Reigns of
King John, Henry the Third, and Ed-ward
the Firfl.

He bcareth Argenti
a Lion rampant, Sable,
Gutte, Or.bythe Name
of Brommch. As this
Charge is born Gutte ,
fo ihall the careful ob-
ferver find other ChaN
ges born Billette, Pellet-
te, &c.

Sol, Semy de Cceur
des hommes, proper,
three Lions paffant gar-
dant, Jupiter. This Coat
was born by Swane
King of Denmark, who
in the year of our Lord
990. gained the King-
dom , and compelled
King Mtheldred to pay
him tribute for twenty
years, at which time Hardicanutus, the Da-
nifli King, deceafing,King Edward was crown-
ed in his place.

Th<J

i 9 8

A Dijflay of Heraldry.

Seft. Ill

The Field is Gules,
two Lioncels patTant,Ar-
gent , between nine
croffes Croflets fitched,

f"' rgi "4^ Or , an Inefcocheon of
*tim$y<g^\ the fecond Charged
with a finifter hand cou-
ped at the wrift as the
tirft, in Chief one Cref-
fcent furmounted by a-
nother (for a difference of a fecond Brother of
a fecond) by the Name of AElon ; and was
born by Sir William Atton Knight and Baronet,
Alderman of the City of London, who is de-

4- sjfaM

fcended of the' Actons of Aldevbam in the
County of Salop, a Family of good worth and
note there. I do here in the blazon mention
nine crofs Croflets fitched, although the one of
them, by reafonof the addition of thefuper-
jacent Inefcochcon is little difcerned, and ano-
ther of themes by the Crefcents fomewhat ob-
jured. A like blazon of an undifcerned Charge
you may fee in Chap, a 3. "of this third Section
in the Coat-Armour of Kitigfcot , pag. 1 80.
And fo concluding this third Section, I will ha-
ften to the next.

The end of the third SeBion.

Felket

Felices ejfent Arte? , fi de his fiohmmddo Artifices judicarertt.

THIS Fourth Section treateth of Coat-Armours formed,
of things Artificial, that is, of fuch things as are wrought
by the Wit, Art, and Endeavour of Man, for the ufe of
Man : whether we confider fuch Artificials as appertain to the ufe of
Civil Life, as the Enfigns of Dignities, both Temporal and Ecclefi-
aftical , and of Profeflions, both Liberal and Mechanical ,• or elfe as
they belong to the Life and Aclions Military ; For Artificials being
made for the behoof and feveral Ufes of Men, they are here propoled
according to the feveral Actions and Eftates of Men.

j, i \ ^ • * hi r * I -J r'i*M oi

Scientia non babet inimicum prater ignorantem.

The Table of the Fourth Se&ion.

Supream, as Em-
pcrours , Kings,
Free States,

Born by the Perfons themfelves ha-
ving fuch Dignity, as Crowns, Cha-
peaus, Robes of Eftate, Scepters,
Mounds, &c.

and their

fIf BP> 1 Subordinate , as \Kl&®s are"! Born before , hem as tokcns of fuct)
Princes, Dukes ,

Prehe-
minence
of digni-'

Grand - Officers ,
l_Magiftrates,&c

I r Antichrifiian, as'
Pope, Cardinals,
&c.

Ecclefia-
iftical,

s. and theirs *
J Chriflian and A- I lji( ew ife ei-
I poftolical, as I tnet

I their Dignity, as the Sword of E-
i I date, the Lord Chancellors Purfe,the
(.great Mace, &c.

1 r Born or worn by the Perfons them-
felvcs, as the Triple Crown , Cardi-
nals Hat, Pall, Miter, Croyfier.

IArch-bilhops and I
Bifhapsj&c. }

"Civil, in,
regard of '

Artificials,
as they are
born in
Coat-Ar-
mours , are
confidered
according
to Mens fi-
liates and
Actions

Liberal,
which

Born before them, as the Crofs,
Vierge, &c.

f Theology for our Souls.
J"Cardinal,or chief) Phyfick for our Bodies, to which Surgery alfo is
Faculties, as preferred.
I (.Law for our Fortunes.

Subordinate , as
the feven Scien-,
i.ces,

ProfelS-
9ns and 4
Arts

"Grammar.
Logick.
Rhetorick.
Geometrey.
j Mufick.
I Arithmetick.
lAftronomy.

f Agriculture, Paflure, Vine-drefling, &c.
\Clothing, Tailery, &c
'For mceffity, and J Armature, Architc&uie, Carpentry, Sec
Co principal, as ^Navigation.

/ ^Hunting.
( Venation, <Hawking.

Media-
te nical,

rFilhing.

Cookery.
.Embroidering.
For delight only, ^Painting,
and folefsprinciA Carving.

pal,

. Flaying

rOn Stage.
?At Cards, Dice,
^Tables, &c.

Military,
whereof „
feme
l^ferve for

^hew.as Banners,Pennons,Guidhims, Pcnonfels, Standards,&c.

Sound, as Drum, Trumpet, Fife, &c

InvafiveA Miflile, as great Ordnances with their parts and appurtenances, Bows,
of which< Arrows, Darts, Slings, &c.

fome are ( Manual, as Swords, Spears, Bills, Partizans, Glaives,&c.

I (-Defence only, as Shields, Pavices, Targets, Bucklers,
!"Man,and^
| are for ) Defence and Habit, as Caskes, Helmets, Gauntlets.Corflets,
l t. Curaffcs, with their parts.

Defen- J „ . - A ,

I five, fer-^, Hor,e > \ Doence and Ornament, as the Shafronc, Cranet, Barde.&c
!ving for W!"^

I ordained) Common ufe, as Bits, Bridle, Snaffles, Saddle, Stirrops,

Ifor (, Horfe-fhoes, 6cc.

Order, whereof fome are ofs

Executi.
on of
Order, J

2 O I

ERALDRY.

SECT. IV. CHAP. I.

AS all Natural things (of which hi-
therto we have intreated) were
made by the powerful hand of the
Almighty and All-wife God for
the ufe of Mankind : fo did God
alfo endue Man with an admirable power infu-
fed into him, with a reafonable Soul, whereby
every man might invent ways and means to
help himfelf, and one man to help another by
the benefit of Arts, for the better ufe of thofc
things which God and Nature hath provided.
In which refpe&s Art is reputed Natura Si-
mla, Natures Ape, for imitating thofe things
which Nature herfelf hath framed, as we fee
in Painting, Poetry, and the like. But we may
go further (fince Art goeth further) and add,
That Art is alfo Natur'a Obfietrix, Medica,
Lena: Natures Midwife, in helping her for the
fafer and better producing of her fruits, as is
Husbandry, &c. Natures Phyfician, in prefer-
ving Natures works, as Architecture, Arma-
ture, andPhyfickit felf: Laftly, Art is Na-
tures Pandor, infettingher out to the moft

tempting and pleafing fafhion, by inventing
thofe things that tend either to the adorning
or delight, fo to pleafe the fenfes and phan-
fies with thofe things, which in their own na-
ture without Art, would not be fo contentful.
And therefore AriftotU yieldeth this reafon of
the invention of Arts, Qu/a HaUtramultipli-
citer eft ana Ua 25 multk angufiiis oppreffa, ideo
invent a eft Ars, ut fuf pleat defectum Natura,
Nature is much kept under and opprelfed like
an Handmaid, and therefore Arts were invent-
ted, to fupply thofe defects of Nature.

In this place therefore we intend from the
works of Nature to come to the works of Art,
fo far forth as they are ufed in Coat-Armour.
| And here we muft be born with, if we ufe the
word of Art in his largeft fignirication , inclu-
ding all Sciences and Knowledge,whether Con-
templative or Operative and Pratick whatsoe-
ver ; for fo one hath defined it, Art is the cun-
ning of doing or teaching any thing by certain
Rules [ or prefcript forms : ] And therefore
fome have thought Arts to be ab ArElando,

202

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

Sea. iv.

Quia arflu brevihfqne preceptit concludilur ,
becaufe it is comprifed in brief and compendi-
ous Precepts : whereas thofe who fo call it,
quia per Artus operatur, for the works of the
limbs or joynts, they comprehend only Arts
Mechanical by that name. Some more proba-
bly derive it from the Greek word Arete, which
fignifieth Vertue; becaufe the perfect Skill or
Art of doing any thing is properly the vertue
of that Action. In handling thefe Artificials ,
I will follow our prefcribed Order , and begin
with the Enfignsofthe Actions of Eftate Civil,
and firft with the Higheft and Sovereign, as in
Example.

The Field is Jupiter,
a Crown Mitral Imperi-
al , Sol , garniflied and
enriched with fundry
precious Gems, proper.
Thefe Arms do pertain
to the City of Toledo in
Spain. This fort of
Crown was devifed to
reprefent a twofold dig-
nity united into one ,
viz. Sacrifical and Imperial (in which refpeit
I have given it this new coyned form of bla-
zon : ) For in ancient times Emperours and
Kings were alfo Priefts, Tanta eft Sacerdotalis
digmtas, (§c. (faith Chaffa.') So great is the
Prieflly Dignity, that in the glorious times of
the Romans no man might be Emperour or
King, but he was to be alfo a Prieft; and
thence are they infilled in their Coyns Impera-
tores, t§ Tonttfices Maximi ; whence we may
fee, that the original wasmeerly heathenilli of
the Popes llfurpation of that Title Tontifex
Maximus ; furely he could find in his heart al-
fo to ftyle himfelf Imperator Maximtis , for
that high command he challengeth over all
Emperours and Kings. And though this be
now the Enfign of the Empire, yet it is rather
in poffeflion of the ufurping Papacy.

The Field is Mars, a
Crown Imperial , Sol.
This is called an Imperi-
al Crown, in regard of
the Imperial Jurifdicti-
on and Prerogatives ,
that an abfolute King
(to whom fuch a Crown
is due) hath within his
Kingdom. The high
rifing of the Diadem
doth fignifie the greatnefs and perfection of
of fuch a King , from whom there is no appel-
lation ; forafmuch as he acknowledgeth no
earthly Superiour in any thing pertaining to
pis Royal Jurifdidion; neither oweth he duty,
but on y to the King of all Kings, of whom he
holdeth by an immediate right

The Kings Crown is arched, to iliew its cor-
refpondency to the Imperial Heaven; its adorn-
ment with precious ftones,as it were with ftars,
to reprefent its fplendor ; and its being lined
with tiarrs doth declare its honour.

The caufe that moved the Egyptians to in-
fert a Crown amongft their Sacred or Hiero-
glyphical Letters , may not impertinently be
exprelfed in this place, where we are to handle
their divers forms according to the feveral Dig-
nities and Eftates, to whom they do appertain:
For asGamefters make but cold fport, when
there is no money at flake ; fo knowledge doth
oftentimes faint, if it be not feafoned with the
Salt of Reafon. In this Hieroglyphick we may
obferve the four caufes of the Law : The effi-
cient caufe is underftood by the Head of the
King that is adorned with this Crown. The
final caufe is conceived by the Flowers, or by
the profitable ufe of fruit; which how great
the fame (in likelyhood) will be, may be con-
jectured by the Flowers. The material caufe
may be gathered by the context or interlaced
form and workmanlhip of the Crown , which
carrieth a refemblance of the People or Sub-
jects. Finally, by the Orbicular form of the
Crown is underftood Juftice ; and amongft Ma-
thematicians the Spherical form is reckoned
the perfected and moft noble, Farnef. j. 6y.

The Prince is to the People the Author of all
goodnefs ; inafmuch as from him, as from a
plentiful Fountain, doth flow a fweet current
of plentiful ftreams of honour, profit and plea-
fure : In regard whereof he is reputed to be
the Common Parent of all his Subjects, in that
he affordeth unto them whatfoever a Natural
Parent oweth to his Children. The plattin"
of thefe Flowers in the Crown doth reprefent
the end of the Law , which end hath its deter-
minate period in utility, Farnef. 4. 6%. For
that Tree which beareth no bio/Toms , for the
moft part produceth no fruit at all, Ibid.

Crowns in times paft have been of great
value, and fumptuoufly enriched with precious
ftones, as we may read 1 Cbro. 20. z. And
David took the Crown of their King from off
his head, and found it to weigh a Talent of
Gold, and there were precious ftones in it. And
it was Jet on David' s head.

In thefe latter Ages the Emperour elected
(before his Coronation ) doth write himfelf
King of the Romans, as a title of lefs efteem
and dignity than is the Title of Emperour.
But in ancient times the Romans had three
degrees of Supream Dignity; that is to fay,
a King, a Dictator,an Emperour ; and of thefe
the Dignity of a King was the chiefeft; and
next thereto the Dignity of a Dictator was
holden the worthieft ; and after the Dictator-
ihip the Eftate of an Emperour held the third
place, as inferiour to both the other. Hereof
we have a manifeft proof, in that the Senate
and People of Rome minding to give untoOtla-
vian the Emperour ( being a man well defer-

ving

Chap. I.

A D iff lay of Heraldry.

ving of them) fome advancement or increafe
of honour and dignity, they purpofedto make
him Dictator, which he ( reverently bowing
his knee) refufed, for that he reputed the fame
a Dignity more ambitious , and of greater e-
Iteem, and withal more fubjecled tofpiteand
envy , efiesming the Title of Emperour to
be popular , and of fmall account, in compan-
ion of the eminency of a Didtatorfhip. We
may eafily perceive by this, that Julius C<e[ar
(that time he was Dictator) did affect to afpire
to the Dignity of a King , for which caufe he
was flain : forafmuch as the Citizens could not
endure that he lliould exercife Royal Authori-
ty over them; but well could they fuffer him to
ufe the power of a Dictator as a Jurifdiction of
lefs eft.eem.Leouard.Aret mi Epiftolar. Lib. j.

There can be but one Kirig at one time in a
Realm, whofe Power muft be abfolute,for the
better managing of the Eftate and Affairs there-
of ; for if there be more, they will crofs and
hinder each other in his Government , and
lb deftroy the nature of a King, in that nei-
ther of them can fway the whole weale
publick , but each of them lliould admit a
participation in government. This do both
ancient and modern times manifefl unto
us by Examples : For neither Numa , nor
Hoftilius, nor Ancus Martins, nor any other
of fucceeding Kings of the Romans, could en-
dure any Fellow or Copartner in Government.
The like alfo may we obferve in Kings of mo-
dern times : for neither doth England nor
France admit more than one King at once to
fway the Sovereign State, but one alone hath
the fole Government : So that it is a thing
meerly repugnant to the Nature of Royal Ju-
rifdidrion, that two Perfons at one time lliould
exercife Kingly Authority.

The Field is Jupiter,
three Crowns in Pale ,
Sol. Belinus King of
this our Britain, \\z\lns,
conquered France , Al-
main, all Italy, and the
City of Rome, together
with all Greece, he re-
turned into this Land,
and aflumed unto him-
felf new Arms (as Up-
ton reporteth) Tr.es Coronas auratas in Campo
Azoreo, quia ipfe flier at tenia vice in diver-
fis Regius coronatus, Three Crowns, Or, in a
Field, Azure.becaufe he was three times crown-
ed King in fundry Kingdoms. But this kind
of Crown is now held proper to fuch a King as
oweth homage or fealty to fome other King,as
tohisSuperiourLord : In which refpedt fome
have given it the Name of a Crown Homager.

It is in your choice whether you will term
the forefaid Crowns Or, or not; for itfufficcth
only to mention their Form, becaufe it is pro-
per to them to be made of Gold : But when

they are found to be born in other kind of Me-
tals or Colours, you lliould in blazoning make
mention whereof they are.

He beareth Gules , j
Crowds Ducal Or,on a
Chief of the Second
as many Laurel leaves
proper, by the Name of
Rerkenhead ; and is the
Coat - Armour qf Sir
John Berkenhead , Kt.
Mailer of Requells to
hisMajefty, and Mailer
of the Faculties;

The Field is Jupiter ,
a Scepter Royal in Pale,
infigned with an Eye ,
Sol. This is the fecond
Enfign that is born by
the perfon himfelf that
hath the excercife of
Royal Jurifdiction and
Authority. This Coat-
Armour is of divers Au-
thors vouched to have been anciently born by
Oryfiws Sirnamed Jupiter , the juft Son of
Chamj&A curfed Son of Noah. The Eye betok-
eneth Providence in Government; Oculus enim
eft cuflos corporis , the Eye is the Watchman
of the body ; and the Scepter fignifieth Jullice.

A Scepter (with many Nations) is hoiden
for an efpecial Enfign of Royal Jurisdiction and
Authority,and the extending thereof a ipecial
note of the placability and royal favour of the
King; as we may fee Heftier, 15;. 14. And be
held up his golden Scepter , and laid it upon
her Neck. That the Scepter betokeneth Ju-
rifdiction and Authority, it is manifeft by that
which is written, Baruch 6.15. One holdeth
a Scepter, as if he were a Judge of the Conn-
trey, y et can he not (lay fuch as offend him :
which is here fpoken of the vanity of the I-
dols before mentioned in the fame Chapter;
Now JhaUyou fee in Babylon Gods of Silver
and of Gold, and of Wood, torn upon mens
f milder s to cauje them to fear.

The Field is Sol , a
Mound, Saturn , envi-
roned with a Circle, and
infigned with a Crofs
Avelfane, Mars. Bar a
in his Book intituled ,
Les Blazonnes des Ar-
mories , fetteth down
this for the Coat-Ar-
mour of one Chaw/as.
This kind of Crofs is called a Crofs Avellane
fbrtlierefemblanceithathof a Philbert Nut'
which in Latin is called Avellana. This alfo
is one of the Enfigns that reprefenteth the So-
vereign Majefty and Turifd;c~hon of a King
Eel By

MffH

60^

A D iff lay of Heraldry.

Se£t. IV.

Id*

B y the roundnefs of the Mound and infigning
thereof with the Crofs , is fignified, that the
Religion and Faith of Chrift ought to be re-
ceived and religioully embraced throughout
Ins Dominions , which high duty is redding
in his own Sovereign Power, and not to be de-
rived from any Foreign Spiritual Junldidti-

He beareth Sol,a Cap
of Maintenance , Mars,
turned up, Ermyn. A
like Cap did Pope Juli-
us the fecond fend with
a Sword to King Henry
the Eighth. And after
him Pope Leo theTenth
gave him the Title, De-
fender of the Faith, for
that he had then lately
before written a Book againft Martin Luther.
The Bull by which this Title was given, is now
printed by that worthy and famous Antiquary
Mr. Seidell m his Titles of Honour, p. y 4 , yy.
of his laft Edition. But howfoever the Cap
may feem then and thereof to be firft called a
Cap of Maintenance, yet certain it is, that the
Kings of England did long before that time
declare and profefs themfelves Defender of
the Faith, as by divers of their Charters yet
extant may cafily appear ; and for an mftance
thereof, you may read in the Book of the ABs
and Monuments, that King Richard the Se-
cond in his Commiflion ( which went forth in
thefrxth year of his reign) ufed thefe words,
Noszelofidei Catholic* cujits fumus tS effe vo-
lumus defeujores in omnibus {lit tenemur) mo-
tifalubriter © induBi, &c. pag.441.

He beareth Luna , a
Mantle of Eftate, Mars,
doubled,Ermyn,ouched,
Sol , garmfhed with |
Strings fattened there- I
unto fretways depen-
dant, and Taffelled of
the fame. T hefe Arms
do pertain to the Town
of Brecknock. The Man-
tle is a Robe of Eftate
peculiar to Emperours, Monarchs, Kings and
FreeEftates, and thereof perhaps received
his Name, as I here underftand the fame in the
Uriel: conftruclion thereof ; but taken in the
largeft fignification it may reprefent as well
thofe kinds of Mantles, that( together with
fome Dignity or Jurifdiction) Emperours and
Kings do communicate unto fuch as they ad-
vance to fome Principality, Dukedom.&c.

Hitherto of Honorary Enfigns , that ferve
for a declaration of the Royal Majefty or Fun-
ction of an Emperour and King, and are worn
by the perfons themfelves that do exercife So-
vereign Jurifdicfion over their Subjects within

their Dominions. To which Enfigns I hold it
not impertinent to add thefe few Attires or
Ornaments following,™'^. Garters and Taifels,
as in Example.

The Field is Gules ;
three Garters buckled
and nowed.Argent.This
Coat-Armour pertain-
eth to the Family of the
Sydemers. The Garter
here demonftrated hath
fome refeml lance to
that which is the proper
Enfign of the Noble So-
ciety of the Knights of
the moft Honourable Order of the Garter, in-
ftituted by the famous King Edward the third;
every Knight of which Order is bound daily to
wear (except when he is booted for to ride )
on his left Legg a blue Garter, richly decked
with gold and precious ftones, with a Buckle
of gold, having thefe words upon it, Honyjoit
qui mal y penje : and when he is booted to
ride, it fufficeth to wear upon the fame Legg,
under his boot, a blue Ribon of filk in fignifica-
tion of the Garter. Of this Honourable Order
divers have already largely written, as worthy
Sir William Segar Garter 'Principal King of
Arms, Learned Mr. Cambden, fometimes Cla-
reuceux , and the beforementioned judicious
Linguift Mr. Selden, with others. And for
the hidden Myfteries which feem to lurk under
this Noble Enfign of the Garter, and of eve-
ry circumftance thereof, you may read the
Book intituled Catechifmus Ordims Eqmtum
Terifcelidis, long fince compiled , but lately
printed; whereuithe Author, among many o-
ther Obfervations of this Order , and of this
token or enfign ,writeth,that Sicut la larretiere
(he meaneth, Terijcelis feufafciapoplitaria~)
tenet denfam caligam, caligaque tenja format
tibiam, ® tibia hominem compofitum reddit :
it a jujiitiaBnngittibiam, idefj, confeienti-
arn, quam ad iuftar tibia Dens reBam crea-
vit,pag.c), 10. And now I will iliew you an
Example of three of thefe . born in Coat- Ar-
mour dimidiated or divided into halves.

He beareth Or, the
perclofe of three demi-
Garters nowed, Azure,
garnifhed of the firft.
This was the Coat-Ar-
mour of the Family of
the Narboons. For I rind
that Richard Narboon
Richmond, Herald, who
lived in the time of Ed-
ward the fixtli,and was
afterward by the High and Mighty Prince
Thomas , Duke of Norfolk , Earl Marlhal of
England, in the beginning of the Reign of
Queen Elizabeth, crowned and created Vlfter

King

Chap.II.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

205

Ring of Arms of Ireland, bore this Coat-
Armour with a Martlet, Sable, in Chief, for a
difference of a fourth Brother ; and John Nar-
boon Richrnojid, Herald, who lived in the time
of King Henry the Eighth, bore the fame Coat-
Armour alio, with a difference of a Mullet for
a third Brother. Though this Garter be di-
midiated, or levered into two halves, yet doth
the moft permanent part thereof remain,which
is that buckled and nowed part of the fame ,
which detaineth and rcftraineth the Garter be-
ing entire, or howfoever dimidiated from dif-
folution,inafmuch as the buckle and interlacing
thereof, and of the pendant , are the chief
tlay and fattening thereof, whether the fame
be whole dimidiated or howfoever.

He beareth Gules, 3
Talfcls, Or,by the name
of JVocler. The Mantle
of Eftate, which even
now I (hewed you was
garnifhed (as you, may
remember) with firings
talfeled , which kind
of taiielingis an additi-
on to divers other
firings or cordons , as
thofe ufed about the habit of the Prince of
Wales at his Creation, and of a Knight of the
Garter when he hath the whole habit on , and
to the Prelate of the Garter and others.

Now of thofe other Honorary Enfigns that
arebq,rn before an Emperour or King,or Perfons
that do exercife Sovereign Jurifdiction as their
Vicegerents,holding place of Supream Dignity
under them, in figmhcation of that their Dig-
nity (which for brevities fake) I will here on-
ly name, leaving their Examples to be hereaf-
ter obferved. Such are the Sword of Eftate,
the Canopy of Eftate, the Cap of Maintenance,
thePurfe, wherein the Great Seal is born, the
Great Mace, 8cc. All which fhall follow here^

after in place convenient.

CHAP. II.

HAVING in the former Chapter dif-
courfed of things Honorary, reprefent-
ting Eftate. or Dignity Temporal ; let
us now conlider of fuch Ornaments as bear a
reprefentation of Eftate or Dignity Ecclefiafti-
cal, according to the diftribution thereof, of
which fort are thefe enfuing Examples.

The Field is Gules ; a
Papal Inh\4a, infigned
with a treble Crown and
a profs Patee, Or , two
Labels pendant, Argent.
This kind of Infula or
Miter is worn by the
Antichriftian Prelate of
Borne, to fignifie the
three-fold jurifdicTion
that he doth arrogate to
himfelf as Chrift's Vicar-General in Heav en,in
Earth, and in his fuppofed Purgatory. Gmdo
Duke of ZJrbin in Italy , who was elected
Knight of the moft Honourable Order of the
Garter, Annoz\. Hen.-j. did bear this Coat
quartered next to his own. As touching the
inftallation of this Duke, Sir Gilbert Talbot
Kr. Sir Richard Bere Abbat of Glaflenbury ,
and Dr. Robert Sherbourne Dean of Tauls ,
being fent AmbaiTadours to Rome unto Pope
Julius , did bear the Collar and Habit of this
Order unto the Duke; who receiving the fame,
fent Balthafar Cajlalio Kt. (a Mantuan born)
to the King, which Balthazar was inttalled in
his room according to the ufual Ordinance.

The Field is Argent, a
Cardinals Hat, with
firings pendant & plat-
ted in True-love, the
ends meeting in Bate ,
Gules. Thefe are the
Arms of Sclavonia, a
Region in the Sea Ha-
driaticum, and is com-
monly called Wiudejh'
marie. Pope lnnocen-
tius the fourth ordained that Cardinals fflould
wear red Hats , whereby he would fignifie ,
that thofe that entred into that Order ought to
be prepared to expofe themfelves even to the
fhedding of their blood, and hazard of their
lives (if need fo required ) in the defence of
the Ecclefiaftical Liberty. And this Inftituticui
was made (according to Chajjan.'} at the Coun-
cil holden at Lyons, 1 27 $ . But they have ever
fince fo far digreffed from it, as that they have
more juttly deferved that Cenfure of a Learn=
ed man, thus :

Semiviros quicunque fdtrls rddiaitte Galero
Conjpicis, ®f.

Whoever marks our carnal Cardinals Weeds j

Their Hat and pendant Robe of purple ftraiH;
Believe me, 'tis no crimfon juice which breeds
This [anguine hue, nor cofily fcarlet grain :
But 'tis the guiltlefs blood of martyr 'd Saints i
Wherein their thirfty veftures they have dy'd;
Or elfe 'tis blujhing which their weeds de-

(paints,

Asjhaming as thejliamelefs be aft s they hide.

The

2o6

A Biff lay of Heraldry.

Seft.1V.

The Field is Jupiter,
a Staff in Pale, Sol, and
thereupon aCrofs Patee,
Luna, furmounted of a
Pall of the laft, charged
by four other like Crof-
fes fitched, Saturn, edged
and fringed as the fe-
cond. This Coat be-
longeth to the Archie-
pifcopal See of Canter-
bury, which hath annexed with it the Title of
Primate and Metropolitan of all England; to
whofehigh place it of right appertaineth to
Crown andlnaugurate the Sovereign Monarchs
of this Kingdom. This Ornament is called in
Latin Pallium, Quia ex eo plenitudo dignita-
tis Archieptfcopatus ingeftante, palam fit om-
nibus. Mlhit i Pah is Cbaffanieus fheweth in
thefe words, 1 'allium eft quoddam ornamentum
admodnm Stolte Soeerdotalis cum quibujdam
crucibus nigris context is, quod defertur fuper
alia ornament a,circundans peBus & humeros,
ad modttrn corona defendens. In ancient time
it was f through the intolerable pride and ty-
ranny of the Roman Bilhop) not lawful for any
to take upon him the Title of an Archbilhop,
before he had received from the Pope this Or-
nament which we call a Pall, and that was rec-
koned to be a manifeft demonftration of the
lawfulnefs and fulnefs of his Archiepifcopal Ju-
rifdiction. Befides, he was to take a Corporal
Oath to hold faith and obedience to theChurch
of Rome at the receiving of this Pall. No
man ought to lend his Pall to any other, but
contranwife the fame to be buried with the
Poffeffor and Owner.

He beareth Sable , a
Mitre with two Labels
pendant, Argent, gar-
nilhed, Or. This Coat
ftandeth in St. Thomas's
Church in Nantwich, o-
therwifc called Wich
Mulbanke. Amongft
the fundry Ornaments
ordained for the illuftra-
tion of the Biftiops Dig-
nity, Tolydore Virgil reckoneth the Mitre for
one, and affirmeth the fame to have been re-
ceived from the Hebrews. And as touching
the forked fliape thereof, he writeth in this
manner, Adduntur Una cornua, quantum Mo-
Jes accept is tabulis, quibus Mandata Dei in-
firipta erant, vifeis eft fiiis comutns.

The Field is Gules, on
a Lion rampant, Argent,
a Bifliop's Croyfier in
Bend fimtter, Or, born
by Odo Bilhop of Bay on,
half brother to William
the Conquerour , by
whom he was created
EarlofZC^r. Thisftaff
(according to Tolydore
Virgil^) was given to
Bifhops to chaftife the Vices of the People; and
it is called Bacillus Tasloralis, as given to
them in refpect of their Paftoral Charge , and
i'uperinttndency over their flock, as well for
feeding them with wholfome Doctrine , and
for deiending them from the violent incurfions
of the Wolf, wherein they do imitate the
good and watchful Sphepherd.of whofe Crook
this Croyfier hath a refemblance. Befides thefe
Ornaments, the fame Author fpeaketh of a
Ring given to a Bilhop , in fignitication of the
conjunction or marriage of Chrift with his
Church, whereof the Ring is a Pledge : and
of his Gloves , that betokened cleannefs of
hands, free from all contagious corruption :
and laftly, his Sandals, that betokened his in-
duftrious vigilancy over his Flock : all which
are faid to have been inftituted by the Decrees
of Pope Clement.

In blazon here you mall not fay debruifed
or oppreffed, both in refpect the Croyfier ex-
tendeth not to the extremities of the Efcoche-
on, as alio in refpect of the llender fubftance
thereof, whereby it may be intended, the Li-
on may eafily free himfelf thereof, if it were
extended throughout to the Corners of the El-
cocheon. Howfoever , moft true it is, that
thofewhoare advanced to the Calling repre-
fented by the Croyfier, ought to be like Lions,
both for courage and vigilancy, in execution
of that great Authority and Jurifdi&ion where-
with Chrift and his Church have honoured
them , for the repreiling of obftinate Offen-
ders, and prefervation of the Churches Peace
and Difcipline.

He beareth Argent ,
on aBend,Vert,between
fix crofs Croflets fitched,
Gules, three Croyfiers,
Or , by the Name of
Weare of Devon. And
is quartered by Fortef-
cue of FiHey. This Coat
ftandeth in Weare
Church in Com. prediB.

To this Head muft be referred all other Or-
naments properly pertaining to perfons of Ec-
cleliaftical Dignity or Function. But this is
fufficient in tins pla ce to fhew their life inCoat-
Armour.

CHAP.

Chap. III.

A D/fplayof Heraldi

ry.

CHAP. in.

OF things artificial born or worn by Per.
fons in Dignity , and reprefented in
Coat-Armours, we have fpoken in the z
Chapters preceding: In this fhall be delivered
Examples of fuch Ornaments, or reprefentati-
ons of Dignity, as are born before Perions of
fuch Majelty or Dignity, for the more honour
of their Place and Calling.

The Field is Pearl, a
Sword of Eftate in Pale,
the point erected, Ruby,'
hiked and pomelled,
Topaz, the Scabbard en-
riched with ftones of
divers kinds,fet in Gold-
fmiths work, proper.
The manner of bearing
this Sword varieth ac-
_ . , „ cording to the feveral

Eltates and Dignities of the Perfons for whom
they are born. But the fame is not born be-
fore the Head-Officers of Boroughs and other
Towns Corporate (faith Leigh ) comparable
to the orderly bearing thereof within his Ma-
;efties Chamber ot London, by reafon of the
want of judgment therein. It is therefore to
beobferved, that when the Sword is born be-
fore our Sovereign Lord the Kings molt Excel-
lent Majefty, die Bearer thereof mull carry
the point thereof direct upright, the blade om
pofite and near to the middle part of the fore-
head. And as to the fotm of bearing the
Sword before mferiour Eft ates, as a Duke Mar-
quefs, Earl, fee. I re f er the Reader to the Ac-

cidence of Armory.

The Field is Jupiter, a
Mace of Majelty in bend,
Sol. I call this a Mace
ofMa;e(ty,to diftinguiili
the fame from the Mace
born by a common Ser-
geant, not only inform,
but alfo in ufe ; foraf-
much as this is born in
all folemn Aifemblies
, , r , . „. , before his Majefty, as al-
fo before hrs H.ghnefTes Vice-Roys. In like
manner the lame is born before theLordsChan-
cellor Keeper , and Treafurer of England
;and the Lords Prefident of Wales, and of the
I North parts.and the Speaker of the Parliament-
I Houle in time of Parliament.

The Bearer hereof is called a Serjeant at
/Arms; whofe Office is to attend the Eltates
land Perfons aforefaid,for the execution of their
Commands, for the Arrefts of Traitors the

207

Remove of forcible Entries , and the Apprei
henfion of Malefactors. A man that is under
Arreftol a Servant at Arms, is protected all
that time from all other Arrelts.

The Field is Pearl, a
Purfe open , the long
firings thereof pendant,
fretted, nowed, button-
ed, and taifeled, Mars,
all hatched, Topaz, em-
broidered all over with
the Sovereign Enfigns
of his Majefty, infigned
with a Crown trium-
phant, and fupported
of a Lion gardant and an Unicorn, underneath
the fame an Efcroll, This Purfe is born before
the Lord Chancellor and Lord Keeper, as the
peculiar Enfign of his high Magiftracy, whofe
Office is to mitigate the rigour of the Common
Laws of the Realm, according to the Rule of
Equity , and by appofition of his Majefties
Great Seal, to ratine and confirm the Gifts and
Grants of Dignities, Offices, Franchifes, Pri-
viledges and Immunities, Eftates in Fee for
term of life, or for years, granted by his Ma-
jefty : As alfo to correct and reform whatfoe-
ver feemeth to him ( in any of thofe Grants ~)
either prejudicial to his Majefty , his Royal
Dignity, Honour, or Profit, before he do con-
firm the fame under the Great Seal. He is
(according to Chaffanaus ] the King's Vicar •
for 1 hat ( in his Majefties ftead ) he ordaineth
Provincial Governours, nominateth Judges
without Election by Voices , and appointeth o-
ther Officers of inferiour place and fervice. He
hath his Name i canceUando , of cancelling
things amifs , and rectifying of them by the
Rules of Equity and a good Confcience. Of
whofe Dignity Tolycratus hath this Te-
trafiich.

Hie eft qui Leges Regni cancellat iniquas,
Et mandata fij Trincipis aqua facit.

Si quid obeftpopulisaut legibus eft inimtcum-
Qmcquid obeJl,pereum defmit etfe nocens!

Of Ornaments reprefenting Dignity born
before Ecclefiaftical Perfons , the chiefeft are
the Crofs before exemplified, and the Vierge ,
which is born before them in Cathedral Chur-
ches , within their feveral Jurifdictions, which
I leave to each mans own Obfervation.

CHAP.

2o8

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

Sed.1V.

CHAP. IV.

TO thefe honorary Enfigns.as well Tem-
poral as Ecclefiaftical, worn by the per-
sons dignified, and born betore them in
token of honour, it ftwll not infringe our order,
if I add fuch honourable Donations and Badges
of Dignity as have in former Ages been be-
ftowed by Emperours , Kings , Princes, and
States upon their Favourites, and upon luch o-
thers as they efteemed worthy , in refpect ot
their merits, to poffefs fome pledges ot their
favour, as teftimonies of their own worth ; in
which number are Rings , Chains , Collars ,
Chaplets, and fuch like. That thefe in former
Ages were beftowed upon pcrfons advanced to
honour, appeareth by many evident teftimo-
nies both of facred and prophane Hiftoty.Tha-
raoh minding to advance Jofefh (for that he
found by experience that God had beftowed
upon him gifts worthy to be highly honoured J
put upon his finger a Ring, and about his neck
a Chain of Gold ; <Detrahens Tharaoh (futh
Mofes} annulnm fuum e matin fita, induit il-
ium in mamm Jojephi, jujjit que ilium induere
vefles xylinas, Eg appojutt torquem aureum col-
loejus, &c. And as touching Collars of Gold,
they were beftowed for Rewards upon fuch as
were of the Blood Royal of Kings, or fuch as
were near of Alliance unto them, as appeareth
in the firft Book of Maccabees; Fuitque,ut au-
dtvit Alexander Rex fermones iflos , lit am-
pliore honor e Jonathanem afficeret, mittens ei
auream Uulam,ut mos eft dart cognate Regum,
isc. Of thefe laft mentioned Ornaments,Rings
are moft ufualiy born in Coat-Armour.

He beareth Sable, 3
Gem-Rings , Or , en-
riched with Turkeffes ,
proper. The Romans
having loft three great
Battels to Hamut>al,one
at Ticitmm, another at
Treieia, and the third
at Thrafimene , Mago
his brother went to
Carthage to make re

port of his happy Victories to his Countrey-
men there : and for approbation thereof, he
poured forth before the Senate ( as fome re-
port) above a bulhel full , and as others write,
above three bufhels and an half full of Rings ,
which had been taken from theRoman Knights.
And though cuftome and time hath made the
Ring a common Ornament for every Mecha-
nickhand; yet of right none ihouldufe them,
but fuch as either Blood, Wars, Learning, or Of-
fice and Dignity had made capable thereof

The Lacedemonians waging battel againft
the Mejfenifi people oiTeloponneftts [aGreece,
rothe end their people that deceafed in the

Wars mould have Funeral Rites >, and not be
expofed (unburied) to all cafualties, they had
certain Rings about their Arms, wherein their
Names were engraven.

WhmGideon purpofed to make an Ephod
tofisnifiehis thankfulnefs unto God lor his Vi-
ctories againft the Midiamtes, he required of
the Vraelites, t\at every man would give him
the Ear-ring of his prey, whereto they wil-
lingly confented ; the value whereof amount-
ed to the weight of one thoufand and feven
hundred fhekels of Gold , befides Collars and
Jewels, and purple raiment that Was off the
Kings of Miiian ; and hdides the Chains that
were about the Camels necks, "Judges 8. 24.

^ The Ring is a type or reprefentation of Fi:
delitv as appeareth in the facred Writs ot the
Egyptians? lot the Ancients did not wear
Rings on their fingers fo much for ornament
oroltentation, asforufe of Sealing, in regard
that the Seal gave a better approbation than
the writing did, concerning the validity and
verity of the Charter : therefore in after ages
men ufed to fortifie their laft Wills and Tetta-
ments with feven Manual Seals, or Rings Ma-
nual, of witneffes called thereto , to figmfie
the verity and validity thereof. Hereof came
that faying of ticero ad Quintumjratre?n,An-
nultts tutu non mimfter ahena voluntatis, Jed
teftn tua.

He beareth Or, fix
Annulets , three , two ,
and one, Sable , by the
Name of Lowther; and
is born by Sir John Low-
ther ot Lowther-hall
in Weflmoreland, Baro-
1 net, whofe Family hath
JJ there flourilhed beyond
any Record; and do rec-
kon thirty Defcents li-
neally from Father to Son, and all,or the great-
eft part Knights. Which faid Sir John is Grand-
father of John Lowther Efq; who is Heir to
the Eftate and Dignity of the faid Sir John by
the death of his Father the eldeft Son of Sir
John, who married one of the Daughters and
Coheirs of Sir Henry Bellmgham of Levenes
in Wejimoreland Baronet, deceafed. This Coat
isalfoborn by Sir John Lowther of White-
haven in Cumberland, Baronet ; by Anthony
Lowther oiMasie in Cleavela?id,\n the North-
Riding of Torkjkire, Efq; and by divers other
worthy Gentlemen, branches of the faid Fa-
mily-

Gules, fix Annulets, Or, by the Name of
J Newport.

I Azure, fix Annulets, three, two, and one,
by the Name of Muigrave; and is born by Sir
I Thilip Mujgrave of Muigrave and Ha £ cle -

Chap.V.

A Diftlay of Heraldry.

209

Cattle in JVejlmoreland fiziontt,\vho hath Iffue | (
Richard, Sir Chrifiopher,tt.znd Thomaspnd by
Edward Mufgrave of vtf/Wfy in the faid Coun-
ty Efq. Thefe are called Annulets in refpedt
of 'their fmall quantity, wherein they differ
from the bigger fort , and do thereupon re-
ceive the name of diminution, and are fuppo-
fed to be the Rings of Maile, which according
to Leigh j was an Armour of Defence long
before the hard temper of Steel, and wasdevi-
fed by Mifflm Maffmus, and then called an Ha-
bergton, for the nimblenefs thereof : Some o-
thers take thefe to be diminutives of the for-
mer Rings. And fo from Examples of Artifi-
cials reprefenting Dignities, I proceed to Arti-
ficials annexed to Profeffions or Arts ot all
forts.

He beareth Diamond
on a Bend cottized ,
Gules, a Rofe between
two Annulets, Argent ;
and is the Coat- Armour
of the Right Honoura-
ble Edward Lord Vif-
count Conway, and Ba-
ron of Ragley in Eng-
land, Vifcount Conway
of Kilultagh in Ireland,
Lieutenant General of
the Horfe, and one of the Lords of his Maje-
fties moftHonourable Privy Council for the faid
Kingdom of Ireland, 8cc.

This Coat with the Arms of Vlfter, is alfo
born by Sir Henry Conway of Botringham in
Flmtjbire, Baronet.

CHAP. V.

WE now come to Coat-Armours beto-
kening or borrowed from the Arts
Liberal ; which (according to Job.
deTur.Cremat.j are fo denominated for three
refpedts : Firft, Quia liberam mentem requi-
ring, toput a difference between them , and
thofe Mechanical Sciences wherein Artificers do
more exercife their limbs than their minds. Se-
condly, they are called Liberal, in regard they
are attained without any impeachment of cre-
dit, or cauterize of Confcience. Thirdly, for
that in times paft, only the Children of noble
and free-born perfons were admitted to be in-
ftru&edand trained up in them. Tatricius
faith that Arts Liberal are fo termed , Quia
liberos homines efficitttit ab omni turpi ® Jordi-
do quettu, tic. Becaufe they make men to be of
liberal and ingenuous minds, free from bafe
and fordid covetoufnefs and fenfual delights ,
ennobling them with true wifdome ( the raoft

noble endowment of mankind> herby men are
as it were link'd unto God, and made molt like
unto him. ■ . ,

And this especially is effected by that hign
and heavenly Art, Theology, a Science not
invented by man, but proceeding from the In-
ternal Wifdom of the Alrmghty, whereunto all
other Arts are but Handmaids ; in which re-
fpecS the Profeffors thereof are by right, and
alfo by common confent of beft approved He-
ralds, to have the precedency of all worldly
Profeffions whatfoever. And this Celeftial
Science tending to the eternal happinefs ot the
Soul, is accompanied with two other Faculties
of great etteem (though inferiour to the for-
mer) which are Th-tjick and Law ; the one re-
fpeclingthegoodof our Body (and therefore
worthily to have the next place atter our Souls)
the other tending to our outward Eftates of
Fortune, which are not to be neglected of the
wifeft. And thefe three we call the Cardinal
Sciences, becaufe of their great neceffity arid
riotle ufe above the other feven Liberal Sci-
ences.

Man naturally defireth knowledge , but is
not able to attain the perfection thereof, no
though he be well read in Natural Hiftones, irt
Chronographv and Moral Difcipline, as may
be feen Ecclefiaft. 1 . 1 ?. And I gave my heart
to feet, and fearch out by wijdome, concerning
all things that are done under the heavens :
this [ore travel hath God given to the [on of
man, to be exercifed therewith, and all if
but vexation of the (pint. For in much wif-
dome k much grief , and he that increafeth
knowledge increajeth [arrow, verfi 1 8. And
further, by thefe, my [on , be admonified , of
making many Books there is no end, and much
ttudy ts a wearinefs of the flejb. Whereby we
are given to underftand, that wifdome and
knowledge are not gotten without great travel
of body and mind ; and when a man hath at-
tained to the higheft pitch, yet is his mind ne-
ver fully fatisfk-d: wherefore we muft depend
only upon God, and acknowledge that there is
no true felicity in this life. One Example I
will give you, which mall comprehend all the
Liberal Sciences joyntly, which is this next fol-
lowing.

The Field is Jupiter,
a Book expanfed in Fefs,
Luna , garnilhed , ha-
ving feven Labels with
Seals, Sol, and this In-
fcription , Safientia &
Felicitate, Saturn , be-
tween three Crowns of
the third. This Coat-
Armour pertaineth to
the Famous Univerfity
of Oxford ; the bearing whereof appeareth to
be very ancient, by that which is ingraven in
the top of St. Samf[ons Church in Greklade
Ff in

2 IO

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Seft. IV.

in Gloceflerftjire, where that Univerfity in the
old Britains time ( as is thought } was firft
planted. The Book it felf fome have thought
to (ignifie that Book mentioned in the A^oca-
lyfs , having feven Seals : but thefe here are
taken rather to be the feven Liberal Sciences ,
and the Crowns to be the reward and honour
of Learning and Wifdome ; and the triplicity
of the Crowns are taken to reprefent the three
Cardinal Proteffions or Faculties before fpecifi-
ed. The Infcription I find to vary according
to variety of times : fome having Safien-
tia IS Feliatate, Wifdome and Happinefs;
others ( and that very ancient ) T)etu fttami-
natiomea, The Lord is my light ; others this,
Veritas liberat, boititas regnabit, Truth frees
us, Godlinefs crowneth us ; and others thus ,
Jn frmcipo, &c. In the beginning was the
Word, and the Word was with God. This
one Efcocheon may ferve for a pattern of all
the other Sciences, yet of fome of the reft I
will give inftance.

0 □ □ □

a d a
a a

He beareth Gules,ten
Billets, four, three, two
and one , Or, by the
Name of Cowdrey.This
Billet in Armory is ta-
ken for a paper folded
up in form of a Letter ;
for fo I underftand by
the Author of that
French Manufcript
which I have fo often
cited in this Edition, where he writeth of Bil-
lets and Billette. I will prefently in my Lord
Chief Juflice Heattis Coat- Armour (hew you
the very words ; in the mean time I , for the
eafier underflanding of that place of the Ma-
nufcript, will obferve out of Leigh, fag. 15-9.
the difference between Billets and Billette ,
which is this. If the number of the Billets
born in one Efcocheon be ten, or under ; then
you muft in blazon of fuch a Coat-Armour fay,
He beareth fuch or fuch a Metal or Colour, and
fo many Billets,as in this prefent Coat- Armour
ot Co-uvdrey I have done : But if the number of
the Billets exceed ten, then you may tell the
Colour or Metal of the Field, and then fay Bil-
lette, as in this next Example is more plainly
demonltrated.

aaa a
a a a

a a
□

He beareth Argent,
Billette, Sable , by the
Name of Belvale. Now
I will fliew you one o-
ther Efcocheon of this
kind, with the addition
of a Charge thereunto
of another fort: But
firft give me leave to
tell you that this Billet-

te is by fome French Heralds blazoned Billets
fans nombre.

Diamond, a Bend en-
grailed between fix Bil-
lets, Pearl. This is the
Achievement of the
Right Honourable Wil-
liam Lord Allington ,
Baron of Ki liar dm Ire-
land,^, and dwelling
at Horfe-heath in Cam-
bridge/hire.

The Field is Pearl ,
Billette, Ruby , a Crofs
engrailed of the fecond.
This was the Paternal
Coat-Armour of that
worthy Judge Sir Ro-
bert Heath Kt. Lord
Chief Juflice of his Ma-
jefties Court of Common
Tleas; and is now the
Coat of Sir John Heath of Br ailed in Kent ,
Kt. his Majefties Attorney General of the
Dutchyof Lancafler. And now, according
to my promife, I will Ihew you out of the late
mentioned ancient French Manufcript, the ve-
ry words of that Authour,concerning the bear-
ing of Billets and Billette in Armory, and their
difference and fignification ; Billettes ou Bil-
lette jo lit wig pen flus loiigncs , que carres
Jont line mejme chofe fi non four difference de
nom, les Billes on Belle tts \e numbernt ; tS le
Billette eft fans nombre ; and a little after, Et
eft Billet [enefiance de lettres clofes qui font
communement flus tongues que lers (I think he
means targes') Is en f Injurs fais affellees bil-
les , far les quelks ten adiouftefuy credence ®
conueijfance fervantes d corfs dome, G5 jenefie
que celvi qui fremier les fort a en armes efloit
home hault ® bien trenchie de membres, a qui
tun adionfloitfoy creauce & connoijfance en fes
farolles, S> en fes fats S> fegret en fes affaires.
The curious Frenchmen I know will much
blame the Orthography, but I in this, as elfe-
where in the like cafe , have with all the care
I could, followed the very Letter of the Au-
thour punctually ; although I know well, that
fince the time that this Author wrote , the
French have much varied their Orthographi-
cal form of writing.

Gules ,

Chap. V.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

2 1 I

Gules , ten Eillets ,
four, three , two and
one, Or, a Bordure en-
grailed, Argent , Tor-
teux and Heurty. This
is the Coat of Edward
Salter of Rich-Kings
in BuciinghamfljireElq;
Son and Heir of Sir Wil-
liam Salter Kt. Cup-
bearer to the Queen ,
Son and Heir of Sir Ed-
ward Salter Kt. Carver in Ordinary to King
Charles the Firft, and one of the Matters of
the High Court of Chancery.

He beareth Gules,
three Pens, Argent, by
the Name of Cowpen.
This hath affinity with
the Art of Grammar ,
and is therefore here
placed. The wifdome
of a Learned man com-
eth by ufing well his va-
cant time ; and he that
ceafeth not from his
own matters and labour may come by wifdome,
Ecclef. 38. 34. In ancient Ages , before the
invention of Printing, the only means of pre-
ferving good Arts (_ without which the World
had been overwhelmed in barbarifin) was by
this filly Inftrumenr, The Ten ; whereby great-
ter matters in the world have been atchieyed ,
than ever could be by Sword or great Can-
non : and a great Monarch faid, That he more
feared one blot or daflj of a Learned 'Pen,
■which might wound hu Fame amongfi ail 'Po-
sterity, than the Armies of his mofl powerful
Enemies.

It is a cuftome with many men that are flow
or dull of apprehenfion, when they fet them-
felves to write of any ferious matter , long to
deliberate with themfelves, how they may
beft contrive the fame, and during all the time
of their meditation, to gnaw or bite their pen,
whereupon it feemeth the Proverb grew, De-
mandere Calamum, which may be applied to
them that bellow much time, and take great
pains to aecomplilh that they undertake.
Whom fhall he teach knowledge , and whom
fbaU be make to underjland the things that
he heareth ? them that are weaned from the
milk, and drawn from the breafts, Jfa.xS.g.
For precept muft be upon precept, precept upon
precept, line upon line, line upon line, here a
little and there a little, verfe 10.

The Field is Argent,
a Penner and Inkhorn in
Fefs , Gules , flringed ,
Azure. Thdeare the
badges whereby Novi-
ces and Practitioners in
Learning are known,
and by means whereof
many men by long pra-
ctice andinduftrious tra-
vel do attain to fundry
places of Eminency in the Weal Publick, to
the great benefit of themfelves , and good of
their Countrey , and oftentimes do merit to be
highly rewarded by the Sovereign; than which
there cannot be a greater fpur to good endea-
vours , or more beneficial for the universal
good , for that it returneth with plentiful in-
tereft ;as a certain Author noteth, faying, Pro-
fefforibus at que ver'u bonarum Artium [fudio-
fis quicquidtribuitur,&c. Whatfoever is be-
ftowed upon Profeifors of Arts, and thofe fliat
are truly ftudious, that returneth an hundred
fold benefit to the Commonwealth ; whilft e-
very man performeth the Function whereunto
he is called ; either by preaching the Word of
God, or by forming fome politick courfe of
Government , or by curing of the difeafed,
Where on the contrary part, that which is be-
llowed upon counterfeit Profeifors , idle Mafs-
mongers , and Monks , dpth turn wholly to
common deftruction of the general good.
Rightly therefore did Frederick the Emperor
bellow double priviledge upon fuch as im-
ployed their time and travel in the practice of
good Arts.

He beareth Argent,
(7 m a Cheveron between
MamP/sJi^^ three Text Tees, Sable,
by the Name of Tofte.
Letters have not had o-
riginally any one pre-
fcript form of Chara-
cter, but have in all A-
ges and Countries vari-
ed their form according
to the conceit of their
firfl. devifer ; as Bekenhawb noteth , faying ,
Litem funt quadam elementa figurarum ad
voluntatem inffituentis fatlie , ad notifcan-
dum vota hominum abfentium , vel tacenti-
um inflituta ; Letters were inftituted to make
known the thoughts of men abfent or filent.

F f i

2 12

Sea. iv.

He beareth Ermyn,
on a Chief indented ,
Gules, three Taus, Or,
by the Name of Thitr-
land; and is the Pater-
nal Coat-Armour of
Edward Thur land, only
Son of Sir Edward
Thurland of Reygate in
Surrey Kt. one of the
Barons of his Majefties
Court of Exchequer. Sir Edward By fie in
his Book of Heraldry faith, That Liter a GrdS-
ca Tati is the ancient Coat of the Thurlands ,
but fome life to bear them Argent.

The comfortable Letter amongft thole of
ancient time was A, which fignified Absolution
or Pardon : Contrariwife the fad and wptull
Letter was C, which betokened Condemnation
or Death. The Text Letters are ordained for
perfpicuity, that they may eafily be difcerned
af* off. In fuch was that Vifion written, that
was commanded to Habbakkuk to be put in
writing, that it might be legible even to him
that beheld the fame runing 5 And the Lord
angered me (SfaidJVrite tbeVifion,andmake
it plain upon Tables,that he may run that read-
eth it, Habak. z. a.

He beareth Gules ,
three Text Elfes , Or,
by the Name of Kei it-
more. Commendable
was the invention of
Artemidorus the Philo-
fopher , who read Phi-
losophy to Oflavian
Augufltu. For when he
faw him eafily inclined
to anger (to the end he
fhould do nothing rigoroufly,whereof he Ihould
afterwards repent) he did admonifh him to re-
hearfe the four and twenty Greek Letters; that
fo his momentany pa/Tion (which according to
Horace is a Fury for the time) might by fome
like intcrmiflion of time be delivered, and fo
vanifhaway. This Letter S. as it hath the
form of a Serpent , fo doth it refemble their
found and hilling.So much for the Grammatical
Efcocheons.

Of demonKrable Examples of Infiruments
pertaining to the Arts Liberal, the number is
not great, unlefs it be of fuch as do peculiarly
pertain to the Art of Mufick. As touching the
reft, either they have no material Inftruments
at all, for that their attaining and exercife are
altogether in Difcipline and Inftructions by
fpeech only; as Grammar, Logick, Rhetorick,
&c. Or if they have Inftruments, they are
fuch as are common with them to other Profef-
fions; as the Rule and Compafs, Sec. whereof
the Carpenter and Mafon have ufe as well as
the Geometrician. As for Globes, Spheres ,

Quadrants,and other Aftronomical Inftruments
I find them not ufual in Coat-Armour ; where-
fore I let them pafs. The Mufical Inftruments
are of three forts, whereof fome are Wind-
Inftruments,as are the Organs,Shagbuts, How-
boys, Cornets, Flutes, ckc. The fecond fort
confifteth in firings, and in the skilfull fingring
of them ; as are Harps, Viols, Rebecks, Vir-
ginals, Claricords, Bandore , Alpharion, Cit-
tern, &c. The third fort confifteth in ftriking;
as the Taber, Timbrel , Ordinary Drums and
Kettle-Drums, and fuch others, whereof in a-
nother place.

The Field is Saphire,
two Organ Pipes in Sal-
tire, between four Crof-
fes Patee, Pearl. This
Coat-Armour pertained
fometimes to the Lord
Wi Uiams of Tame . As
touching the firft finding
out of Mufical Inftru-
ments , it is clear that
Jubal , the Sdn of La-
ntech &\& devife them, as appeareth Gen. 4.
where it is faid, Nome* autemfratris ejus Ju-
bal, is fuit Author omnium tratlantium Ci-
theram K Organou.

He beareth Azure ,
three Howboys between
as many crofs Croflets ,
Or , by the Name of
Boitrden. Albeit the
Harp or Organs are only
named to be the inven-
tion of Jubal ; yet we
muft by them under-
ftand him to have been
the firft Devifer of all
other Mufical Inftruments. For fo doth Tre-
»2f///j0obfervein his Annotations upon that
place before alledged, faying , Hu nominibus
Synecdochice comprehends omnia Jiiflrimienta
Mufica qu£ digitis -ventoque mo-ventur. Of
fome Wind-Inftruments, as the Fife and Trum-
pet , we fhall fpeak among Military lnftru-

He beareth Ermyn ,
on a Canton, Sable , a
Harp , Argent , by the
Name of iraunces. By
the Harp ( faith Tieri-
us^jmen ufed in old' time
tofignife a man of flayed
and of a well compofed
and tempered judgment,
becaufe therein are con-
joyned divers ctiftincl
founds in note or accent of accord. Which of-
fice man feemeth to perform, when he doth mo-
derate and reconcile his difordering and repug-
nant

ft v ♦ . ♦

Chap. VI.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

213

nant affections unto reafon : and therefore this
Inftrument was worthily approved in praying
and praifing of God, and ufed by the godly
King 'David in his moft devout Meditations.

He beareth Gules ,
three Treble Violins
tranfpofed , Argent ,
ftringed, Sable , by the
Name of SweetingSDio-
genes(yi\io for his taunt-
ing and crabbed Quips
did merit the Sirname of
Cynuiis") not without
caufe ufed to tax Mu-
ficians in this, That
they could skilfully tune and accord the firings
of their Inftruments, but had the affections of
their mind difproportionable and far out of
frame. Under thefe will I comprehend all o-
ther forts of ftringed Inftruments whatfoever.
And now I will proceed to Aftronomical Exam-
ples.

The Field is Gules,on
a Bend fmifter, Argent,
three of the Celeftial
Signs, viz. Sagittarius ,
Scorpio, and Libra , of
the hrft. This Coat is
faid to appertain to the
King of Spain,'m refpect
that he found out an un-
known Climate , under
which his Indians have
their habitation. But in fuch Conquefts it
were to be wifhed,that as well Juftice's Balance,
as Sagittarius his Arrow,or the Scorpion's fting
were put in practice.

King Stephen entring
this Realm, the Sign be-
ing Sagittarius, and ob-
taining a great Victory
by the help of his Ar-
chers , affumed to his
Arms the faid Sign, and
left of bearing both the
Arms of his Father,5Yf-
phen Earl of Champaine,
and his Grandfather
William the Conqueror.
Gules , a Sagittarius,
Or.

The Field is Argent,
on a Bend, Azure, three
of the Celeftial Signs ,
viz. Gemini, Taurus,
and Aries, Or. This
( hke as the other laft
precedent) containeth a
fourth part of the Zo-
diack, and hath no own-
er that may challenge
any property in him ,
but is formed by imitation of the former, and
may (doubtlefs) be as well born as that.CW
ab effe adpoffe bonum deducitur argnmentum ,
From that which is, to that which may be, we
may well frame a good Argument. It is born,
therefore it may be born ; but of the contrary
you cannot fay, It may be, therefore it is. This
is another quarter of the Celeftial Zodiack.

CHAP. VI.

THOUGH great be the difference of
dignity and efteem betwixt the Noble
and Liberal profeflions (before intreat-
ed of) and thole other which we call Mecha-
nical and Illiberal; becaufe thofe are the ob-
jects of divine fpirits and underftanding minds,
whereas thefe are for the moft part but the im-
ployments of an induftrious hand : yet in thefe
alfo, as there is great ufe for the neceffity of
mans life, fo is there much reputation for the
exquifite varieties of invention. And albeit
they are called Illiberal, Quja liberi exerceri
11011 poffunt, fine corporis viribus, becaufe they
cannot be freely practifed without bodily la-
bour ; yet in another refpedt they may be more
truly called Liberal than the Liberal Sciences
themfelves, for that commonly they bellow
more wealth on their Profeflbrs, whiles , as
Virtus, fo Scientia laudatur alget. In the
firft rank of thefe Illiberals reafon exacts that
Agriculture fhould have precedence, it being
the chief Nurfe of mans life , and hath in the
times of the ancient Romans been efteemed an
eftate not unbefitting their greateft Di&ators
and Princes : and it was devifed and put iri pra-
ctice foon after the Creation, as appeareth in
the Text, where it is faid, HabelTaftor Gre-
gis, Kaiin verb Agrieola ; for here we under-
Hand not only Tillage, but alfo Paftorage,Vin-
tage, and all kind of increafe of Beafts , or
fruits for Food, under this Name of Husban-
dry "

'After the Deluge God made a Covenant
with Noah, that from thenceforth he would
never deftroy mankind by water, as hath been
before touched : but that his firft Ordinance
concerning the fourfold feafons of the year

mould

214

A Difylay of Heraldry.

Sed.1V.

Ihould remain inviolable unto the Worlds end ;
In affurance of this fame infallible promife of
God, we do fit our actions according tothefe-
veral feafons ; as our flowing, feeding, muck-
ing, and dunging of our Land , in planting , \
pruning, and fuch like.

That Tillage and Husbandry was the firft of J
all the Mechanical Trades ( as we now call
them} it is manifeftjGf «. z. i j. Then the Lord
God took the man,andput him into the Garden
of Eden, that he might drefi it, and keep it.
Wherein (&vhZanch.~) God would moderate
the pleasure and delight that he had given to
Adam, in fome kind of Trade or courfe of life,
andhonefl Exercife. Whereof Tillage is of
all other the moft ancient and commendable ,
iiiajmuch as it was instituted in Taradife,and
that in the time of mans innocency before he
had tranfgrejfed.

There is a great difference between the Huf-
bandry that man was initiated unto before his
fall, and after : For after his tranfgrelfion it
was performed with much labour , pain , and
fweat, andtofupply nccefiity, fuch as is the
Husbandry now ufed ; For Husbandmen be for-
ced to till the ground,if they will have where-
with to Main life. Therefore God faid Ma-
lediBa terra propter te,&c. Curfedbe the earth
for thy fake : In fudore vultus comedes, \Sc.
In the fweat of thy brows fl/alt thou eat of it
all the days of thy life, Gen. 3. 17. Thorns
aljo and i hi files Jljall it bring forth to thee, and
thou flialt eat the herb of the field, verfe 18.
Before Adams fall he was in joyned to till the
ground only to prevent idlenefs ; fuch as is the
Husbandry that Noblemen are delighted with-
al, and do perform the fame with great con-
tentment.

There is a kind of Tillage much differing
from this, whereof Tetrarch faith, Ager eft
animus, cultus intent io, femen cur a, mejfis la-
bor, hunc fi colas diligenter uberrimum fru-
clum capies ; The mind is the field, intention
the tillage, care the feed, labour the harveft ,
if thou husband the field diligently, thou lhalt
receive a plentiful harveft.

Sometime eafe and quietnefs becometh reft-
lefs and troublefome ; therefore ought we e-
vermore to be in adion, and exerciied in fome
good Arts or Studies, as often as we find our
felves ill affe&ed with (loth and idlenefs which
cannot abide it felf. Many are the Inftruments
pertaining to Husbandry, I will make choice
of fome of the chiefeft, and of moft frequent
ufe in Coat-Armour.

He beareth Azure , a
Plow in Fefs, Argent,by
the name of Kroge. It
was the manner in an-
cient time, when a City
was to be built, to limit
out the Circuit thereof
by drawing of a furrow
with a Plow , as Alex.
ab Alex, noteth. So was
it in ufe alfo, when they
intended the final deftrudion of a City , to
plow it up, and to fow fait therein : as we read
that Abimelech having taken the City of Si-
chem, put the people to the Swerd that were
therein, deftroyed the City , and fowed fait
therein ; which was done Q as Tremellius no-
teth) in token of perpetual deteftation there-
of : But that kind of circuiting their Cities was
an ominous token of fucceeding abundance, and
fertility of all things which the Citizens ihould
ftand in need of.

He beareth Ermyn ,
three Harrows conjoyn-
ed in the Nombril of the
Efcocheon with a
wreath, Argent, and as
the fecond, toothed, Or,
by the Name of Har-
row. This is an Inftru-
ment of Husbandry, or-
dained for the breaking
of Clods ^after the Huf-
bandman hath plowed and feecTe'd his Land ,
for the better preparing of the Corn to take
root.and prefervation thereof from the Fowls.
Moreover, it hath been ufed fometimeby Con-
querors, to torture and torment their enemies
withal, and to put them to death. So we read
thztDavid did execute the Ammonites his ene-
mies, where it is faid, Topulum verb qui in ea
erat edutlum diffecuit ferrd , (S tri bulls fer-
reis, tSJecuribus : & fic fecit T)avid omnibus
Civitatibus Ammonitarum.

He beareth Gules, 3
Scithes in Pale Barr, Ar-
gent, by the Name of
Kempley. The condi-
tion of this kind of men
is well fet down Ecclef.
38. 2j. How can he get
wifdome that holdetb
the Tlow, and he that
hath pleafure in the
goad, and in driving
Oxen , and is occupied in their labours , and
talkethbutof the breed of Bullocks 1 He gi-
veth his mind to make furrows, and is diligent
to give the Kine fodder.

Chap. VI.

A Difylay of Heraldry.

He bearcth Gules, 3
Wheels, Or. Tins was
the Coat-Armour of Sir
'Payne Roet Kt Who had
a Daughter married to
the famous Englilh Poet
Sir Geffery Chaucer. I
find in Roman Hiftory
of a Husbandman, who
was accufed before the
Magiftrate for being an
Inchanter, for that his Grounds were iertil
when others were barren. A day being appoint-
ed, he promifed to bring forth his Inchant-
ments , and then brought forth his Plows ,
Carts, Oxen, &c. faying, Hac mea incanta-
mcnta , Thefe are my conjurings : meaning
that his induftrious care made his Grounds fer-
til, which others neglecting, found the puniih-
ment of their Idlenefs.

Wheels are the Inftruments, whereby Cha-
riots, Wagons, and fuch like things are carried
both fpeedily and with great facility ; and they
are fo behoofful for thele ufes, as that if any
one of them happen to fall off, the whole car-
riage muft either Hand ftill, or at leaft is forced
forward with great difficulty. As we may fee
Exod. 1 4. where God took off the Wheels of
the Chariots of the Egyptians that vehement-
ly profecuted the lfraelites, as appeareth verfe
z{ . And he took off' their Chariot Wheels, and
they drave them with much ado ; fo that the
Egyptians (aid, Iwillflte from the - face of ][-
rael, for the Lord fghteth for them againft the
Egyptians.

The Wheel is called in Latin Rota d rotun-
ditate, or elfe ( as fome hold ) a ruendo,qnia
in declive faciliter ruit , becaufe it rolleth
down fuddenly from the fteep declining part of
the ground.

Other fort of Wheels there are, which al-
beit they are not meet for Husbandry , yet I
have held it fit to annex them to thefe, in re-
fpect of their near refemblance , as in thefe
Examples may be feen.

He beareth Or , on a
Bend, Azure, three Ka-
tharine Wheels, Argent,
by the Name of Rud-
hall. In the primitive
Age of the Church, e-
ven Children and young
Virgins, for the profef-
fion of their Faith , did
conftantly endure molt
_ t . , . , , terrible deaths , as did
St. Katharine by this kind of Wheel , where-
with all her tender limbs were bruifed and rent
in pieces. No.v men will fcarce be true Chri-
ihans, when they may be fuch, not only with-
out punilhment, but both with quietnefs and
commendation alfo.

He beareth Argent ,
a Crofs,Gules,in the iirft
quarter , a Katharine
Wheel of the fecond ,
which was . fometimes
born by Robert de Stone,

He beareth Gules ,
3 Katharine Wheels ,
Argent, on a Chief of
the fecond, a Bull's head
couped, Sable , by the
Name of Matthews.
This with die Arms of
Ulster, is the Coat-Ar-
mour of Sir "Philip Mat-
thews of Edmonton in
Middlefex, Baronet.

He beareth Argent j
on a Fefs, Gules, cotti-
zed, Azure,three Lambs
of the firft, between as
many Katharine wheels
Sable, by the Name
of Scott ; and is born by
Thomas Scott of Great
Barr in StaffbrdJ/jire,
Gent.

He beareth Argent,
a Cheveron between
three Tuns, Sable, their
bungs flaming proper,
by the Name of Inkle-
don; and is the Coat-
Armour of Lewis Itt-
kledon of Buckland in
the Parifli ot'Brauton in
Devotijlrire, Efq;

Under this Head may we aptly bellow all
other Inftruments pertaining either to Husban-
dry , or to the feveral Trades of Shepherds ,
Vine-drellers, Bakers, Brewers, Vintners, &cc,
for that thefe are all grounded upon Agricul-
ture.

CHAP.

211

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Seft.1V.

■

■
I

chap. vn.

AGRICULTURE is for meernecef-
fity : clothing is partly for it, and part-
ly for ornament and decency ; but had
not man finned, he had not needed clothing j
which were worth the confidenng by thole
who are fo proud of their Apparel.

As touching fuch Arts or Trades that we
call Handycraft or Mechanical Prorcfiions ; fo
called perhaps of Mtecha, which fignifieth ah
harlot or an adulterous perfon ; for that as an
harlot counterfeited the modeft behaviour of
an honeft Matron, fo do Mechanical Artizans
labour to refemble the Works of Nature , In
quantum feffukt. Thefe are hot performed fo
much by wit and invention ( like as the Arts
Liberal are) as they be by exercife of the limbs
and labour of the body. And hereof they are
thought to be called Arts, ab Artubns, which
properly do fignifie the mufcles, finews, or o-
ther ligaments of the body ; but metaphorical-
ly it is often taken for the limbs themfelves
that are fo combined and connected toge-
ther. .

How meanly foever we reckon of thefe in a
relative comparifon to the Arts Liberal; never-
thelefs it is clear ,that thefe Cno lefs than thofe)
do proceed from the immediate gift of God ,
as doth plainly appear by Bez,aleel and Aholi-
ab, Exod.^.T,.) and are no lefs behoveful and
neceffary for mans ufe , and for the fupport of
humane traffick and fociety ; as we may fee
Ecclef.1%. 51. where after he had made men-
tion of the care and diligence the Carpenter ,
Porter, and Smith, and other men of Trade do
ufe in their feveral Profeflions, he concludeth
thus, All thefe truft their hands , and every
one beftoweth his wifdome in his work. With-
out thefe cannot the Cities be maintained nor
inhabited ; hereby we fee the neceflity of
thefe Artificial or Mechanical Trades or Pro-
feffions.

With little reafon may any man contemn
the tokens of Inftruments, pertaining to Me-
chanical Trades or ProfeiTions , fince they are
exprefs notes of Trades , fo very behoveful
for the ufe of mans life , and their exquifite
skill, and knowledge iffued out of the plentiful
Fountain of Gods abundant Spirit.

In things Artificial that manner of tranfla-
tion is reckoned the more worthy from which
it is extracted, than that whereunto itistranf-
ferred , according to that faying , Tranfmuta-
tio in rebus Artificialibwfamofiut dicitur effe
mere ejus ex quo, quant ad quod.

He beareth Sable ,
three Wool-Cards, Or,
bythe name oi'Cardmg-
ton. Marcus Varro ma-
keth mention,that with-
in the Chappef of For-
tune was kept the very
Royal Robe or Mantle
of Eftate, thatTariaqud
the wife of Tarquimus
Trifcus made with her
own hands after the manner of Water-Chamlet
in Wave-work, which Servtus Tullius ufed to

He beareth Argent ,
three Fufils upon flip-
pers , Gules , by the
Name of Hoby ; and is
the Coat-Armour of
Thilip Hoby of Neath-
Abby in Glamorgan-
jbire, Efq. Thefe are cal-
led Fufils of the Latin
word Fufus, which fig-
nifieth a Spindle of
Tame. Marcus Varro reporteth, that in the
Temple of Sangus , there continued even till
the time that he wrote his Book, the Wool!
that the Lady Caia Cecilia did fpin , together
with her Diftaff and Spindle. As for the An-
tiquity and neceffary ufe of fpinning, we have
an undoubted prefident in the 35-. of Exodus
zj,26. where it is faid, And all the women
that were wife-hearted did [pin with their
hands, and brought that which they had (pun,
both of blue and of ■purple, and of skarlet and
fnelmnen: And all the women, who fe hearts
Slirred them up in wifdome , fpun Goats-
hair.

He beareth Sable, three Fufils upon flippers
tranfpofed, the points downward, Argent.This
Coat is quartered by Knowell of Sanford. Clo-
ser the Son of Arachne ,taught flrft the making
of the Spindle for Woollen-yarn. It was
(faith Pliny) afafhion and cuftome at Rome,
that when Maids were to be wedded , there
attended upon them one with a Diftajf dreffed
and trimmed with kembed Wooll, as alfo a
Spindle and Tarn upon it, to put them in mind
that Hufwivery and Wivery were to go toge-
ther. Fufils (faith Leigh) art • never pierced
or voided, but are diver fly born, in re]pe(l of
their local pofition or mutation. And the
Frenchmen (faith he) take them for Spindles,
we take them for Weavers Shuttles, and the
Dutch for Mill- pecks.

Chap. VII. A Diftlay of

Heraldry.

2iy

He beareth Argent, a
Cheveron between 5
Whari-ow-Spiridlcs, Sa-
ble , by the Name of
Trefues. This Spindle
differeth much from
thofe precedent , in re-
fpecl: of the crook a-
bove,and of the Whar-
row impofed upon the
lower part thereof. This
fort of Spindle women do ufe moft commonly
to fpin withal, not at the Torn as the former ,
but at a Diftaff put under their girdle,fo as they
oftentimes fpin therewith going. The round
Ball at the lower end ferveth to the fa'fl twill-
ing of the thred, and is called a Wharrow ;
and therefore this is called a Wharrow-Spindle,
where the other arc called Slippers that pafs
thorow the Yarn as this doth.

He beareth Argent,
three Weavers Shuttles,
Sable, tipped & furniih-
ed with Quills of Yarn,
the threds pendant, Or,
by the name of Shuttle-
worth ■ and is born by
Jo. Shuttlcworth Gent,
defcended from the
Shuttleworths of After-
ley in Lane, ijhire. Wea-
ving was the invention of the Egyptians, and
Arachne was the firft Spinner of Flax thred,
the weaver of Linnen, and knitter of Nets, as
'Pliny noteth. But it feemeth that thofe Arts
were atfirft learned by imitation of Silkworms,
Spiders, and the like, whofc fubtle works no
mortal hand can match.

Under this Head muff be reduced all manner
of Tools and Inftrnments born in Coat-Armour,
and pertaining to the feveral Trades of Wea-
ving, Fulling, Dying, Shearing, &c. As alfo
fuch as do pertain to the feveral myfleries or
occupations of Embroiderers , Sempfters, and
fuch others. Amongft Artificers and Men of
Trade (faith Chaff mans) this is a note ofOb-
fervation, That each one is to be preferred be-
fore other according to the dignity of the Stuff
whereon he doth exercife his Trade. Hereto
we will annex fome Examples of Taylorie.

The Field is Pearl, a
Maunch, Diamond. This
is the Paternal Coat of
the Right Honourable
Theophilus Earl of Hun-
tington, Baron Hiftmgs,
Hungerford, Bolreaulx,
Moulms , Monies, Hoi-
tiel, and Teverel, &c.

Topaz, a Maunch, Ruby, pertained to the
Honourable Family of Haftiugs, fometirrks"
Earls of Tembrol.e ; and is quartered by die 1
Right Honourable Henry Gray , now Earl of
Ke?it. Of ihtngs of Antiquity (faith Leigh')
that are grown out of life , this is one which
hath been , and is taLen for the fleeve of a
Garment. Which may well be ; f <ryou may
fee in old Arras Clothes Garments with ileeves
wrought not much unlike to this fafhion , but
now much altered from the fame ; for faihion
and times do go together. That this is a fleeve
I will make more apparent by this next Exam-
ple.

Azure, a Maunch, Or. This with the di-
ftinclion of a Crefcent, Gules, charged with
another, Or, is the Paternal Coat-Armour of
Edward Conyers Efq; principal Store-keeper
of his Majefhes Ordnance and Armour in the
Tower of London, who is defcended from the
Family of Conyers late of Wakerly in the Coun-
ty of Northampton , being a branch of that
ancient Family of the Conyers of Sockburne
within the Biihoprick of Durham, whofe An-
ceftors in the Reign of William the Conqueror,
had the Office of Conftable of the Caftle of"
Durham granted 'to them in Fee ; which fi-
liate is yet continuing in the fame Family,
though not in the fame Name, being defcended
to an only Daughter of Conyers of

Sockburne Efq;who married the Right Honou-
rable Francis late Earl of Shrewsbury. From
this Family is likewife defcended the Right
Honourable Conyers Lord Darcy Meyne U and
Conyers of Hornby Caftle in the County of Tori,
whofe Grand-father Thomas Darcy Efq; mar-
ried Ehzabe rZ>,daughter and heir of John Lord
Conyers of Hornby. And thence is alfo defcen-
ded Triftram Conyers of Walthamftow in the
County of Effex Serjeant at Law.

He beareth Gules, a
dexterArm habited with
a Maunch, Ermyn , the
hand holding a Flower
de lis, Or. This Coat-
Armour pertained to
William Mohun\ alias
SappilL fometimeT.ord
ot Duufiore, who came
into England with Wil-
liam the Conquerour ,
who gave him the Earldom of Somcrjet ; of
whom did defcend Renold Mohuu Earl of So-
merset , that was disinherited by Henry the
Third in the Barons wars. From this Reuolcf
de Mohitn did defcend, as Heirs-male, Mohtm
of Cornwall; and as Heir general, the Earl of
Derby by the Lord Strange, and Sir Teter Ca~
rewVj.. This word Maunch feemeth to 'be
derived from the Latin word Manica which
fignifieth the fleeve of a Garment. And the
G g fame

2X8

A Difylay of Heraldry.

Seft.1V.

fame of fome Armonlts is termed Manche
■maltailee, Qufifimanicamale tali at a , as an
ill fhapen Ileeve. To wear fleeves unto any
fort of Garment was with fome people holden
reproachful, as appeareth in the Expofition of
the Epiftle of St. Hierome ad Euftochium , in
thefe words; Objiciebatur quafi delicatmn
apud Maronem,qubd tunica haberent Mamcas.
The coming of the hand out in this manner
doth fhew the fame to be a ileeve. For (if you
obferve) you may herein difcern the bought of
the Arm in the midft, as alfo the elbow oppo-
fite thereunto, and the widing thereof at the
fhoulder, as if the fame were enlarged with a
Guifet under the arm-pit. Alfo the hanging
down of the bagg from the handwrift doth
concurr with that form of fleeve, which the
women of Galoway in the North parts of Ire-
land at this day do life. The fame doth the
former alfo exprefe, although in a more ob-
fcure manner , as if you compare one of them
with the other, you may eafily perceive.
As touching Apparel, we find, that though the
fame be made chiefly to clothe our nakednefs ;
yet lliall we find that they were not only or-
dained by the invention of man, but alfo al-
lowed ( and for fome fpecial end ) expreily
commanded by God himfelf to be made and
provided, as well for glory as alfo for ornament
and comlinefs, as appeareth Exod. 28. Like-
wife thou Jbalt embroider the fine linnen Coat,
and thou p! alt make the Mitre of fine linnen,
and thou Jljalt make the Girdle of needle work.
And for Aaron' j fins thou Jluilt make Coats,
and thou Jhalt make for them Girdles , and
Bonnets {halt thou make for them for glory and
for beauty.

Rich Garments and coftly Jewels are rec-
koned Ornaments, as appeareth 2 Sam. 1.24.
Te daughters of Ifrael weep over Saul , who
clothed you in fiarlet , with other delights ,
who pit on ornaments of gold ttfonyour apparel.
And they be called Ornaments, becaufe they
do illuftrate and adorn or beautifie the perfon
that is garnilhed with them.

He beareth Argent, a
Cheveron between 3
Maunches, Sable, by the
Name of MaunfiU , a
fpreading and worthy
Family in Glamorgan-
shire, and other Welch
Counties. The chief
Ornament of which is
Sir Edward Maunjell of
Mergam in Glamorgan-
shire, Baronet. This Coat, with a due differ-
ence, is born by Richard Manfill of Ifcoed in
Carmarthetijbire, Gent.
' To this Head may be reduced all forts of
things whatfoevcr pertaining to the adorning,
decking, or triming of the body, as Combs ,

Glades, Head-bruflies, Curling-bodkins , ckc.
and alfo Purfes, Knives, ckc.

He beareth Sable , a
Cheveron between 3
Combs, Argent, by the
Name of Tunftall.' The
Comb is a neceffary In-
ftrument for triming of
the head , and feemeth
(as touching the form
thereof) to have been
devifed by imitation of
the back-bone of a fifti ,-
and ferveth not only for cleanfing the head
from dandruff and other fuperfluities, but is of
moft ufe with women for ihedding and trim-
ing their hair and head-tires, wherein fome of
them bellow more labour for the adorning of
them,than their whole body is worth.

He beareth Argent,
a Cheveron between 2
Palmers Scrips , Sable ,
the taffels and buckles ,
Or. Thefe are the Arms
of Sir Hemy P aimer of
Howlets in the Parilli of
Beakburne in the Coun-
ty of Kent , Kt. Com-
ptroller of his Majefties
Navy Reyal, Son of Sir
Henry 'Palmer of the faid place/ Kt. fometime
Admiral of the Narrow Seas, and Comptroller
of the Navy Royal. Thefe Arms , although
fome part of them allude unto the Name, are
very ancient, and were impaled in Otford
Church in Kent before it was burned , where
this Knight's Ancestors had fome polfeilions;
with the feveral Coats of the Torrels, Fitzfi-
monds and Tirrels. And in the Chancel at
Snodland in Kent, Thomas 1 'aimer that mar-
ried with thedaughter of Fitzfimon, lieth buri-
ed, of whom I have read this Epitaph , not
derogating from the belt of verfifying in that
Age:

'Palmers all our Faders were,

J a Palmer lived here

And traveVd flill , till worn wud age

Tended this worlds pilgrimage.

On the bleft Afienfion day,

In the cheerful moneth of May,

Athoufand with four hundred feaveu,

J took my journey hence to Heaven.

Sir Thomas Palmer of Leigh near Tunbridge
in Kent, Kt. Grand-father to the elder Sir Hen-
ry Palmer Kt. before recited , was owner of
the Mannors of TotUngton and Eccles in Aylef-
[ ford and Boxley, adjoyning to Snodland aforfc-
faid, which came unto this Family by a match
I with a daughter of the Lord Poyr.mgs : And
J Katharine Palmer, this Sir Thomas Palmer's

filler,

Chap. VII.

A Difflay of Heraldry:

2 1 9

fitter, was married to John Roe of Boxley in
Kent, Gent. Father of Reginald Roe of Leigh
aforefaid, Gent. Anceftor to Sir Thomas Roe Kt.
living 1652. whofe worthy merit in the dis-
charge of many Embaifages, wherein he hath
been imployed by this State, deferves to be re-
membred with an honourable Chara&er.

The Field is Argent ,
on a Chief, Gules, three
Bezants , by the Name
of Rujfel, fometime of
Durham in the County
of Gloucefter. What
Bezants are, and of what
form, weight, and value
they were in ancient
time , and why they
were fo named , I have
already (hewed in my firft Section, fag. 20. in
the blazon of the Bordure of RicharaTlanta-
^fKff Kingof the Romans, and Earl of Corn-
wall ; whereunto I refer you for the avoiding
of needleft repetition.

The Field is Ermyn,
on a Fefs, Gules, three
Bezants. This Coat-
Armour pertained to
John Miliaard one of
the Captains of the City
of London, and firft Go-
vernour of the Corpora-
tion of the Silk trade :
And with a Mullet for a
difference , is now born
by Richard Milward D.D. Canon oiWmdJor.
Some Arrnorifts are of opinion that Bezants
and Plates in Armory are Emblems of juftice
and equal dealing among men.

He beareth Pearl, a
Cheveron , Ruby , be-
tween three Torteuxes.
This is the Coat of the
Right Honourable Ben-
net Lord Sherrardfiwon.
of Letrim in the King-
dom of Ireland ; whole
Seat is at Stafleford in
Leiceflerfhire.

He beareth Or, on a
Fefs, Sable, three Plates,
by the Name of Br am-
nion ; and is born by Sir
John Bramflon of
Screens in Roxwell in
Effex , Knight of the
Bath ; by Sir Mundeford
Bramflon of Woodham-
w alter in the faid Coun-
ty, Kt. one of the Ma-
ilers of the Chancery ; and by Franca Bramflon
of Serjeants Inn, London, Serjeant at Law.

He besreth Pearl, fix
Pellets, a Chief embat-
telled, Diamond, by the
Name of Brouncier ;
and is the Coat-Armour
of the Right Honoura-
ble William Vifcount
Brouncier of Lyons ,
and Baron Bromicker of
New Cafile in Ireland,
(sc. This , with a due
difference, is the Coat-Armour of his Lord-
fliips brother, Henry Brouncier of Ronmbold-
weeieia Suffex, and of Brokedijh in Norfolk,
Efq.

Q Q Q

He beareth Sable,two
Barrs, Argent, in Chief
three Plates. This is the
Coat- Armour of that
honourable and ancient
Family of the Hunger-
fords, fometime Barons
of this Kingdom, till in
Henry the Fourth's days
the Heir of Robert Lord
Hungerferd , Botreux ,
Molins, and Moles, was
married to Edward hot A Hajiings , and had
George firft Earl of Hitntington. The Chief
Ornament of this Family at prefent is Sir Ed-
ward Hungcrford of Farley Cafile in Wiltshire,
Knight of the Bath.

Q) 3 ©

Q
Q

He beareth Azure, 3
Barrs, Argent, in Chief
three Bezants, by the
Name of Atkyns. This
with the Arms of VI-
fier, is the Coat of Sir
Rich. Atkyns of Much-
haddam in Hartford-
fljire, Knight and Baro-
net.

Or, on a Pale, Azure,
three Bezants , by the
Name of IVildman; and
is the Paternal Coat-
Armour of John Wild-
man of Beaucot , alias
Beckei in Berk/hire ,

Efq.

220

Sea. iv.

He beareth Argent, a
Crofs, Sable, between
four Pellets; and is born
by Sir Robert Claton of
the City of London, Kt.
and Alderman .

He beareth Argent,
three Barrs, Sable, in
Chief as many Tor-
teuxes, within a Bor-
dure, Ermyn ; and is
the Coat- Armour of
Sir Thomas Bludworth
of the City of London,
Knight and LordMaior
thereof Anno 1 666.

He beareth barrey
wavy of fix, Argent and
Azure,on a Chief,Cules,
three Bezants, by the

■ tnree Bezants, vy u

IL^^JS name of Aftry ; and is
born by James AiJry of
Wood-end in the Parilh
of Harliiigton in Bed-
ford/hire, Efq; by Luke
Aflry of Lincolns Inn in
Middlesex, Confellor at
Law ; and by Richard
Aftry of Huntington in the County of Hunting-
Ion, Gent, all defcended from Sir Ralph Aftry
Kt. Lord Maior of London, tempore Hen.j.

He beareth Sable, fix
Plates, three, two, and
one, by the Name of
Tunchardon. Thefe are
Bullions of filver,having
no manner of impreffi-
on upon them , but are
only prepared ready for
theftamp. In the bla-
zoning of this , and of
the other laft prece-
dents, there is no mention made of their Co-
lour ; becaufe , as the former are evermore
gold, fo in like fort are thefe always filver.

OO OG

opo

He beareth Sable, ten
Plates, on a Chief, Ar-
gent, a Lion paifant of
the field,by the name of
Bridgmau ; of which
Family is the Honoura-
ble Sir Orlando Bridg-
man oi'Great Leaver in
Lancaftjire, Knight and
Baronetjate Lord Keep-
er of the Great Seal of
England; whofe brother.the Right Reverend
Dr. Henry Bndgman, Lord Bifliop of the Ifle
of Man, bears the faid Coat with a due differ-
ence ; as doth Orlando Bridgman of Ridley in
Chejhire, Efq; fon and heir to the faid Sir Or-
lando.

He beareth Gules , 3
Bezants , each charged
with a crowned King,
his Robes, Sable, doub-
led, Ermyn, fuftaining a
covered Cup in his right
hand, and a fword in his
left of the fecond. This
Coat pertained to John
de Lylde the eighteenth
Bifliop of Ely.

The Field is Argent,
on a Bend engrailed, Sa-
ble, three Plates. This
Coat-Armour pertain-
eth to the ancient Fami-
ly of the Cutts of Arief-
den in the County of
Effex, where in the Pa-
rilh Church remains a
Monument, whereupon
thefe Arms here demon-
ftrated, as the Paternal Coat-Armour of this
Family , are pourtraied ; the Heir of which
Family is at ^tdmt Richard Cutts of the faid
place, asalfoof Childerley in Cambridgjlure,
Efq. Near unto which Tomb lie enterred
Richard Cutts Efq; and his four fons, viz.
Richard Cutts Efq; eldeft fon,who eredted that
Monument , Sir William Cutts Kt. fecond fon ,
(and lately his only fon and heir Richard Cutts
E{q;~)Francit third fon,and John the fourth fon;
which Francis married Katharine , one of the
daughters and coheirs of John Hondivile or
Bonvile, of Sfonton in the County of Tori ,
Efq; who for his Coat- Armour bore Sable, fix
Mullets, three, two, and one,Or. Leigh wri-
teth in his Accidence of Armory, fag. 14, iy.
That that Coat- Armour whofe field confifteth
of Argent, and the charge of Sable ( as you
fee the Coat of Cutts doth) is the moft fair kind
of bearing ; and with him agree other Armo-
rifts. Leigh there Iheweth this reafon, Be-
caufe Argent or White will be feen in the dark-
eft

Chap. VII.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

2 2 I

eft place,and Sable orBlack in the cleareft light;
and lince thefe two of all other Colours may
bedifcernedfartheftof, therefore is the fhield
thus born and charged called the faireft.

In refped - we are now come to fpeak of
Stamps and Coins, I hold it not impertinent (by
the way) to give fome little touch of the Roy-
alty of Coining. It is therefore to be obferved,
that the power to coin money hath been ever,
more reckoned to be one of the Prerogatives
that in our common Law we do call Jura Re-
galia, and pertaineth to the Sovereign Power
amongft many Regal Immunities to that Su-
pream Jurifdi&ion peculiarly belonging.and to
none others.

Neverthelefs we read that MonarchicalKings
and Sovereign States have imparted this Pre-
rogative or Preheminence unto others their in-
fenours upon fpecial acceptable fervice done.or
for whatfoever private refped' , as we may fee
Maccab. 1 5. 6. where amongft many other prc-
heminences granted by Antiochus the fon of
"Demetrius to Simon the high Prieft , which
had been formerly granted to him by the Pre-
deceffors of Antiochus , he enableth him to
coin money , faying , I give thee leave to
coin money of thine twn fiamf witom thy
Countrey.

He beareth Azure ,
three Peny-yard pence,
proper, by the Name of
Spence. Thefe are fo
named of the place
where they were firft
coined, which was (as
is fuppofed ) in the Ca-
ftle of Teny-yard near
the Market Town of
Rofi, fcituated upon the
River of Wye in tne County of Hereford.

To this Head mud be reduced all other forts
of Bullion or Coin, and whatever elfe pertain-
eth to traffick or commerce.

He beareth Argent ,
a Purfe Overt , Gules.
This Coat pertaineth to
the Family of Conradas
Wittenbergenfis Comes ,
that was firft inverted
by Henry the Fourth ,
Emperour, to whom he
gave faithful aid in his
wars , and did much de-
teft the ftrife betwixt
him and Rodolph of Swevia, his competitor to
the Empire , whom the Tope had nominated
Emperour : he much laboured a pacification of
the tumults then ftirred up in Germany, as He-
mingius in his Genealogies noteth.

By this open Purfe we may underft and a man
of a charitable difpofition, and a frank and li-
beral fteward of thebleffings which God hath

beftowed upon him,for the relief ol the needy •
Of fuch an one St: tiierowe hath this faying,
Nonmemiui me legijje mala morte mortuum,
qui libeuter opera cb&r-itatu exeraut ; habet
emm multos intercedes f£ impofftbile eft mul-
torum preces non exaudiri.

He beareth Gules, a
Cheveron between 3
Irilh Brogues, Or. This
Coat pertaineth to the^
Family of Arthure of
Ireland. The pulling
off a mans fhoe (which
inlrilh iscall'd aBrogue)
feemeth to have been a
note of reproach or in-
famy, as we may gather
by that which Mojes hath obferved unto us ,
2>af. zj. where it is mewed , that if a man
happen to die iifulefs , then his next kinfman
fhould marry his wife , and raife up to his bro-
ther a name amongft the Israelites : which if
he refufed to do, then upon complaint by her
made to theElders,he was warned before them;
if then he refufed to marry her, then came the
woman to him in the prefence of the Elders ,
and pulled off his (hoe, and did fpit in his face,
and fay, So jhall it be done unto the man that
■will not buildup his brothers houfe : And his
name was called in Ifrael , The houfe of him
whofe Jlioe is pulled off.

Though the fhoe be an habit ferving for the
foot, which is the moft inferiour part of mans
body; yet it is not therefore to be contemned,
forafmuch as it is a note of progreflion,and ve-
ry bchoveful for travellers : In the Scriptures
it is often taken for expedition, as Tfal. 60. In
Idumteam extendam calceamentum meum; And
proceeding to Idumea , I will caft my flioe over
it.

It was an ancient cuftome amongft the Ifrae-
lites (in transferring of polfeflions ) for him
that departed therewith to pluck off his fhoe,
and to deliver the fame to his neighbour , as
now it is with us, to pafs livery and feifin of
Inheritance by the delivery of a turf and fprigs
taken off the ground , and delivering the fame
to the Purchafer, as appeared! in the Book of
Ruth ; where it is faid , Now this was the
manner before time in Ifrael concerning redeepi-
ing and changing, for to [tabhf/J all things : A
man did pluck off his Jljoe , and gave it to his
neighbour, and this was a fure witnefi. By
which Ceremony he publickly acknowledged
j that he had transferred , and put over his
I whole right unto the Purchafer , Ruth. 4. 7,

8,9. "... . .. ••

But in after Ages it feemeth the Jewspalfed
inheritances by Charters , fealed and teftified
by wltneffes ( a cuftome of ufe witli us at this
day at the Common Law) as appeareth in the
Prophefie of Jeremiah ; Me n jball buy fields
\f or money, and make writings and feal them,

and

222

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Sea. iv.

and take witwejfes in the Land of Benjamin ,
and round about Jcrufalcm, &c. ?z-44- And
again, Jer. 31.15. And than hafi fata unto me,
O Lord God, buy unto thee a field for filver ,
and take witneffes. And I bought the field of
Hananeel my Uncles fort, that was /'wAnathoth,
and weighed him the money, even Jeventeeri
fiiekels of filver: And I fubfcribed'the Evi-
dence, andfealed it, and took witneffes , and
weighed him the money in the balances, Sr.

Now fince I am cafually fallen upon this Ar-
gument of fealingof Deeds, I hold it not a-
mifs to give fome little touch ( by the way )
of the firft coming in of this cuftome of feal-
ing (in this our Nation) which is now of fo
frequent ufe amongfl us.

Firft, it is to be obferved, that our Anceftors
the Saxons had not the fame in ufe ; for they
ufed only to fubfcribe their Names, commonly
adding the fign of the Crofs. And I need not to
prove the fame by the teftimony of divers wit-
neffes; for this cuftome continued here in Eng-
land until the time that this Realm was con-
quered by William Duke of Normandy , who
together with the ftate of Government^ a thing
of common cuftome with abfolute Conquerors}
did alter the before mentioned cuftome of te-
ftification of Deeds , into fealing with wax ;
whereupon the Norman cuftome of fealing of
Deeds at length prevailed amongft us. Info-
much that the before mentioned ufe of the
Saxons therein was utterly aboliflied ; as wit-
neffeth Ingnlphtts the Abbot of Crowland, fay-
ing, The Normans do change the making of
writings, which were wont to be firmed in
England with crojfes of gold and other holy
figns, into frintingwax. And they rejected I
alfo the manner of Englilh writing. This change
was not effected all at once, but took place by
degrees : fo that firft the King only, and fome
few of his Nobility befides, ufed to leal ; after-
wards Noblemen for the moft part, and none o-
thers.

At this time alfo, as Joh. Rof. noteth , they
ufed to grave in their feals their own Pictures
and Counterfeits covered with a long Coat over
their Armours.

After this Gentlemen of the better fort took
up this fafhion : and becaufe they were not all
warriors, they made feals ingraven with their
feveral Coats or Shields of Arms for differ-
ence fake, as the fame Author reporteth.

Atlength, about the time of King Edward
the third, feals became very common ; fo as not
only thofe that bear Arms ufed to feal, but o-
ther men alfo fafhioned to themfelves fignets of
their own devifing : fome taking the letters of
their own names, fome flowers, fome knots and
flouriflies, and other beafts and birds, or fome
other things, as now we behold daily in ufe.

CHAP. VIII.

HAVING exemplified fuch bearings as
are borrowed from the two Arts of nou-
rifhing and clothing our bodies ; the
third place may juflly be challenged by that
Art which we call Armature, whereby we arc
defended from all outward injuries, either of
foes or weather : For by Armature we under-
ftand not only thofe things which appertain to
Military Profeflion (whereof we will fpeak in
its proper place) but alfo thofe defenfive Scien-
ces of Mafonry , and Carpentry , and Metal
works, which do concurr to building and other
neceflary ftrengthening for protection of our
weak CarkaiTes. Forhoufesare manfions for
our bodies, as our bodies for our fouls; and the
weaknefs of the one muft be fupplied by the
llrength of the other. F.fcocheons of this kind
are thefe which enfue, as firft for Mafonry and
Stone-work.

He beareth Sable , j
Pickaxes, Argent,by the
Name of 'Pigot of Ab~
iugton-Tigols in Cam-
bridgfbire , a Family of
long continuance there.
This Coat may compare
for Antiquity with any;
inrefpect that it,orfome
fuch Inftrument, feemv
eth to have been ufed
by the moft ancient of Mankind, who was ap-
pointed to digg and delve in the Garden of E-
den. Where we may fee how littk-eaufe any
(though of nobleft and ancienteft blood) hath
to be proud, if he looked unto the Pit whence
he firft was digged, being the very fame from
whence the meaneft alfo is derived.

1 ^

He beareth Sable , on
a Cheveron between 3
Milpeeks,Argent,as ma-
ny Mullets, Gules,by the
Name of Mofley ; and is
the Coat of John Mofley
of Mofley in Stafford-
Jhire, Efq. This is an
Inftrument of great ufe ,
by which the bluntnefs
of the Milftone is amended. The Mill it felf, as
every one well knoweth,is very ufeful in a com-
monwealth ; for with it Corn is ground, and
made fit for bread , which is the ftaff of hu-
mane life.

Chap. VIII.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

223

He beareth Argent, j
Mallets , Gules , by the
Name of Forte. Touch-
ing this and fundry o-
ther Instruments we
mud obferve , that
whereas fuch Inftru-
ments are ufually made
by one Trade, and ufed
by another(as the Smith
maketh the Axe which
the Carpenter doth ufe;) we thought it fitter
to place them under thofe Arts, for whofe ufe
they were made (the end and ufe of each
thing being the perfection thereof ) than to
referr them to thofeArts which form and make
them.

He beareth Gules, a
Cheveron between 3
Mallets, Or. This is the
Coat of John Soame of
Little Thurlow in Suf-
folk, Efq.

He beareth Azure, 3
Levels with their Plum-
mets, Or, by the Name
of Colbrand. This In-
ftrument is the type of
equity and uprightnefs
in all our actions, which
are to be levelled and
rectified by the Rule of
Reafon and Juftice. For
the Plummet ever falls
right, howfoeveritbe held, and whatever be-
tide a vertuous man, his actions and confcience
will be uncorrupt and uncontrollable.

To this Head muft be reduced all manner
of Inftruments that do pertain to the feveral
Trades of Bricklaiers , Plaifterers , Paviers ,
and fuch others, whofe work confifteth of
Stone, Lime, or Mortar. So much may fuf-
fice for Examples for Mafonry. Now we come
to Carpentry, as may appear by thefe next fol-
lowing Efcocheons.

He beareth Argent, a
Cheveron between J
Carpenters Squares, Sa-
ble, by the Name of At-
tuisj. Artificers (faith
Tlutarch*) do life their
Squares , their Rules,
their Lines and Levels \
they go by meafures and
numbers, to the end that
in all t heir works there (hoiild not be any thing
found done either rajhh or at adventure. And
therefore much more fnould men ufe the like
moderation and rules in the performance of
thofe actions of vertue, wherein mans happi-
nefs doth confift ; efpecially thofe who fit iri
the Seats of Juftice , which in Mojes's time
were wont to be men fearing God, and hating
covetoujnefs , which is the perfect Square
which fuch ought to follow. But Ariflotle
writethof a Lesbian Square or Rule, which
was made of fo flexible a fluff, that it would
bend any way the workmen would have it :
but raoft dangerous is the eftate of that Com-
monwealth , whofe Judges work by fuch
Squares, making the Laws to bow to their pri-
vate affections , and fometimes to mean one
thing,another time the contrary, as themfelves

are difpofed to incline.

He beareth Or,a Mill-
Ink, Sable, on a Chief,
Gules, three Antilopes
heads erazed,Or, by the
Name of Marfball/; and
is born by Mr. Samuel
Marfljall Vicar of Fre-
mington in c DevonJhire l

He beareth Sable, a
Fefs between 3 Hatch-
ets,Argent, by the name
of Wrey. This with the
Arms of ZJlSler is the
Coat of Sir Bourchiet
Wrey o(Trebi/lj in Corn-
wall , Knight of the
Bath, and Baronet. This
Inftrumcnt is alfo much
ufed in Execution for be-
heading of great Offenders. In which fenfe
Jordanns Urfinus , Viceroy of Sicily , being
imprifoned by his own fon, gave for his Im-
prefs an Axe, and a pair of Fetters , with this
Motto, Tatientiainadverfis, to iliew his re-
folution and patience in fo great an indignity.-
Not many years fince there was a Reverend
Judge of this Family, with whofe Function this
Coat futed very aptly, forafmuch as he did ex-
ecute the Office of Chief Juftice of England.

The:

224

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Seft.1V.

The Field is Argent,
a Cheveron engrailed ,
between three Compaf-
fes dilated, Sable. Thefe
Arms do pertain to the
Company of Carpen-

Under this Head muft be comprehended all
forts of Inflruments (whereof there is ufe in
Coat-Armours) pertaining to the feveral
Trades of Joyners, Milwrights, Cartwrights,
Turners, Coopers, &c. and whatfoever other
Trades, whofe ufe confifteth and is exercifed
in working or framing of Timber, Wainfcot, or
any fort of Wood. And fo from Tools of Ma-
fonry and Carpentry born in Coat- Armour, we
come to Inflruments of Metal-work (the other
Species of Armature ) whether the fame be
malleable and wrought by Hammer,or Fufil,and
formed by fire.

The Field is Sable, a
Cheveron between 5
Hammers , Argent ,
crowned,Or.This Coat-
Armour belongeth to
the Company of Smiths,
whofe trade of life, as it
is moft laborious, fo is
it of moft behoof for the
ftrength both of private
mens perfons , and of
Kingdoms : And therefore the Iron Hammer
doth well deferve the Crown of Gold on it, I-
ron it felf in refpecl of the ufe being much
more precious and neceifary for a Common-
wealth than Gold is: which the Enemies of
God's people knew very well, when they would
not permit a Smith to live amongft the Israe-
lites , asmaybefeeni Sam. i$. 19. where it
is {ald,Tbe 11 there was no Smith found through-
out all the Land of lfrael ; for the Philiftines
(aid, left the Hebrews make them Swords or
Spears. The Hammer and Anvil are two of
the chiefeft Inflruments of this Trade for
forging and forming of things malleable for
neceifary ufe. Of thefe doth Ecclefiaflicus
make mention, chap. 38. v.28. where fpeaking
of the laborious travel of the Smith, he faith,
The Smith abideth by his Anvil, and doth his
diligence to labour the Iron : the vapour of the
fire dricth his flefli, and he muft fight with the
heat of the furnace : the noife of the hammer
is ever in his ears, and his eyes look (fill up-
on the thing that he maketh: he fetteth his
mind to make up his work, therefore he watch-
eth to poltjlj it perfectly.

This Coat-Armour is
born by the Name of
Clovell, and is thus bla-
zoned ; the Field Ar-
gent , two Cheverons,
Sable,each Charged with
five Nails, Or. The Nail
hath had his ufe in Mili-
tary Service, as well as
Domeftick ufe. For with
this did the prudent La-
dy Jael end the cruel warr betwixt the Canaa-
nites and Israelites, by linking a Nail through
the temples of Sifera , who was General of
King Jabms Hofl. As to the Domeftical ufe
of the Nail, we fee that Houlholders minding
to fettle themfelves in fome houfe wherein
they mean to make them a fettled habitation,
do drive Nails into the Walls.for the more com-
modious and feemly hanging up and beflowing
and orderly placing of things neceflary .Where-
of Ezra in his prayer to God taketh a fimili-
tude, faying, And now for a little [pace grace
hath beeujljewed from the Lord our God, te
leave us a remnant to efcape, and to give us a
Nail in his holy place, &c. Ezra 9. 8.

He beareth Argent, a
Fefs between three pair
of Pincers, Gules. This
Coat is quartered by the
Right Honourable and
worthy Gentleman Sir
William Ruffe I , Lord
Ruffel of Thornhaw,de-
ceafed. Though the
Pincers be an Inftrument
peculiar to the Smith
that formed the fame, yet is the ufe thereof
communicated unto the Profellors of divers o-
ther Trades, as Carpenters, Joyners, Farriers,
&c. As touching the firft invention of this
Inftrument , Pliny faith, That Cynira the fort
of Agrippa devifed 'Pincers, Hammers , Iron
Crowes, and the Anvil or Stythe.

Next will I fpeak of fuch as are formed of
Fufible Metals, fo called a fnndendo, btcaufe
they are liquid, and poured forth into the
mold wherein they are to be framed ; but cne
Example fhall ferve.

He beareth Argent, a
Cheveron , Gules , be-
tween three Plummets,
Sabl*e, by the Name of
Jennings. The Plum-
met may aptly ferve for
an Hieroglyphick of
Prudence,in refpectthat
Mariners, by the help of
this Inftrument, faftned
to fome Line of many
fathoms, do found the depth of the Seas,when

Chap. IX.

A Difplay of Heraldry,

by fome tempettuous dorm, or other accident,
they are forced upon an unknown Coaft ; that
lb, if neceiTity require, they may betake them
to their Anchor-hold , or divert their courle
fome other way: Whereby we are admonilhed
to found the depth of our intentions before we
put them in practice, left we hazard our For-
tunes or Lives (through want of forefight)
upon the fhoals ot deftruition.

Hitherto I have only given Examples of the
Inftruments cf the faid Arts ; I will proceed to
fome Examples of the works and effects of the
fame.

CHAP. IX.

AMONGST the fundry works of the
forefaid Artizans , fome are fixed and
permanent, as Buildings , either pro-
phane,for ordinary ufe of dwelling; orfacred,
as Temples for Gods fervice : and fome others
are moveable, as Tents,&c. Examples where-
of we will now produce.

He beareth Argent, a
Tower triple towred ,
Sable.chained tranfverfe
thePort,Or,by the Name
of Oldcaflle. Munfter
reporteth, that Catiphus
Governour of the City
Sufi , had therein a
Tower full of Gold and
Jewels, but for, Avarice
would not difperfe his heaped treafures a-
mongft his Souldiers. Afterwards Alan, King
of the Tartarian;, furprifed this City, and ta-
king Catiphat, fhut him up jn his Tower, fay-
ing unto him, If thou had/1 not fo greedily cal-
led np thy Treafitre, thouhadH faved thy (elf
and this City ; now therefore eat and-dfink,aud
take thy fill of that thou tovedfl fo dearly. So
died he miferably through the Famine in the
midft cf his exceflive Treafures.

Caftlesand Towers are ftrengths and fences
fortified moil commonly on the tops of hills,or
other lofty or well-fenced places by nature, as
well for defcrying of the Enemy afar off, as for
repulfing him upon his approach : whereupon
they are called in Latin Arces, ab arcendo , of
keeping the Enemy aloof, or repulfing and
foiling him; and do fervc rather for a place of
retreat for the timorous to lurk in , than for
the valorous to perform any noble feat of Mar-
tial activity in , acording to Fetrarch , where
he faith, Arc e s fcito non receptacula fort mm ,
fed inert ium ejfe latibula. The greateft valour
is (hewed in aperto Marte, in the Champian
field ; therefore the moft valiant and refolute
Generals and Commanders have evermore rec-

koned it a chief honour to grapple with the E-
riemy hand to hand; and do reckon thole Vi-
ctories moft honourable, that are atchicved
with inoft prodigal effufion of blood, as Wit-
nelfeth the lame Author, faying, Militia iitji
largo fanguine tnagiujqi.e fericnlts hctneftevur,
non m tit t tie, fed militant ivv.aiia v.anen tenet,
non Regum r/iodo juaicfo , Jed vitlgi. Catties
and Towers have proved many times very per-
nicious unto fuchas have repoitd tfult in their
fafety : For there have been many that living
out of Caftles or Towers, lived fecurely and
free from danger , who afterwards taking lto-
mach to them upon a conceived fafety in their
flrength, became turbulent, and betook them
to their holds , and have finally periihed in
them ; and fo their adventurous temerity
hath been there chaftifed , or rather fubdued ,
where it took beginning.

He beareth Argent,
a Tower triple towred,
Sable, on a Mount, pro-
per, by the Name of
ihiverton; and is born
by Sir Richard Chiver-
ton Kt. fometime fince
Lord Maior of London.

He beareth Diamond,
a Bend, Pearl , in the
finifter Chief a Tower
triple towred of the
f.cond. This is the Pa-
ternal Coat - Armour of
the Right Honourable
Luke 'tlunlett Earl of
Fingall , and Baron of
Killeene in thetungdorn
of Ireland.

Gules , on a F efs, Ar-
gent, two Cgreffes, in
Chief a dexter Gauntlet
between two Caftles of
the fecond, by the name
of Tunlon ; and is born
by Major Richard Ton-
fon of Ardrally in the.
County of Cork iji the
Kingdom of Ireland.

biA :

H h

226

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Seft. IV-

He beareth Argent,
a Tower between three
Keys ere<S,Sable, by the
Name of Baker ; and is
the Coat ofjohu Baker
of Mayfield in Sttffex ,
Gent.

The Field is Gules, a
Lion rampant, Argent,
a Caftle in the dexter
point,Or. Thefe were
the Arms of Sir Francis
tafrttMxfi BenhaWaU
lence in the County of
Berke,Kt. defcended of
the Noble Family of the
Count Caftilion in Tie-
tnout, ne&r unto Mantua.
The Lion is a magnanimous Beaft, and of an
invincible courage, and is not daunted with any
occurrent, neither (being laid down} will he
be rowfed but at his pleafure , as appeareth
Gen. 49. 9. Judah , as a Lion's whelp flialt
thou come up from the [poll, my Jon. He (hall
lie down and couch as a Lion, and as a Lion-
nefs, and who (Imll ftir him ? Moreover, of his
incomparable ftrength and noble courage, a
certain Author faith , Leo fortifjimus Beflia-
rum ad nullitu pavebit occurfum , The Lion,
the ftrongeft of all Beafls, feareth not the en-
counter of any.

He beareth Or, a Ca-
ftle triple towred ,
Gules, the Port difplay-
ed of the Field, Leaved,
Argent. Note, that when
the Architecture or Ma-
fonry extendeth it felf
all over the Field from
the one fide of the Ef-
cocheon to the other,
then muft it be named a
Caflle. But if it be thus turretted and envi-
roned by the Field, then muft it be blazoned
(as above) a Tower triple towred, or a Tow-
er with fo many turrets. The Gate muft be
conceived to be tranfparent, fo as the Field
doth manifeftly fliew it felf thorow the fame;
and all the Port fhould have Or, if the conceit-
ed fhadow, reprefenting the thicknefs thereof,
did not extenuate a great part of the fame.

He beareth Argent,a
Tower, Sable, having 3
fcaling Ladder raifed a-
gainft it in Bend unifier,
Or. This Coat is quar-
tered by Sir Edward
MautiMZx. The Lad-
der thus raifed againft
the Tower, may put us
in mind to ftand care-
fully upon our Guard ,
who live in this world, as in a Caflle continu-
ally affaded with our fpiritual and corporal E-
ncmies, that ceafe not evermore to plot and
put in execution whatfoever tendeth to our de-
struction.

He beareth Argent,
on a Crofs between four
Frets, Gules, a Tower of
the Field, by the Name
of Bence ■ and is the
Coat of John Bence of
Alborough in Suffolk ,
and of the City of Lon-
don, Efq.

After thefe buildings of prophane and vul-
gar ufe, we mould annex Examples of build-
ings facred, as Churches,&c. in ftead whereof
we will content our felves with thefe Examples
following.

He beareth Gules ,
three fingle Arches, Ar-
gent, their Capitals and
Pedeftals , Or , by the
Name of Arches. Thefe
are fuppofed to be Ar-
ches of a Bridge. And
Nicholas de Tonte ,
Duke of Venice, gave a
Bridge for his Device,
beaten with the waves,
with this Motto , Aliii inferviendo confumor.
Pope Xislus the fourth alfo gave a Bridge ,
with this word, Cura rerumpublicarum. And
it may figmfie the cares and patient ftability of
men in Magiftracy, who muft endure the af-
faults , taunts , and envy of the difcontented
vulgar.

Chap IX.

A DrfpL-iy of Heraldry.

22 7

He beareth Or, on a
Fridge of three Arches
in Fels, Gules, mafoned,
Sable, the ftreams tranf-
fluent, proper, a Fane ,
Argent, by the Name of
Trowbridge oi" Trow-
bridge.This Coat ftand-
eth in Kirton Church in
the County of Devon :
and it feemcth to have
been given to the firft Bearer thereof as an al-
lufion to his iirname Trowbridge, qiidfi Throw-
bride, having refpect to tlie current and fall
of the ftreams that do pafs through the Arches;
wherein the Devifer had an ingenious conceit
in the fitting thereof to his Name , yet fo as it
was not fo palpably underftood of the vulgar
fort.

He beareth Or, a Pil-
lar, Sable, enwrapped
with an Adder, Argent,
by the Name of Myn-
tur. The Adder thus
enwrapped about the j
Pillar, may fignitie Pru-
dence conjoyned with i
Conftancy; both which
being united in men of
high fpirits, do greatly j
avail to the atchieving of noble Enterprifes.
Farnefnis making mention of the chief vertues j
that ought to be in a Prince, fetteth down two I
in efpecial ; whereof the one is Prudence ,
whereby the Helm of the'Weal-publick is go-
verned in time of peace ; the other Fortitude, !
whereby the attempts of the Enemy are fru-
ftrated in time of war.

Pillars, the Hieroglyphicks of Fortitude and
Conftancy, were eredted for divers ends and
purpofes: Sometimes to limit out the bounds of <
the pofleilions of people that bordered one up-
on another: Sometimes for memories of vows
made ; as that which was eredfed by Jacob at
Bethel, Gen.zS.1%. Sometimes for Ornament,
as thofe of the Temple, i Kings 7. 1 j. Some-
times for Teftimonies of Covenants, as that
which was eredted by Jacob for a memorial be-
tween him and Laba/i , Gen. 3 1 44,45-. Some-
times for Monuments to extoll the valour ,
worth and merits of well-deferving men ; as
thofe th at were decreed by the Senate and peo-
ple of Rome to men of fpecial defcrt and ap-
proved vertue. Sometimes they were fet up
for prefervation of Names of Families from ob-
livion ; of which fort is that mentioned in 2
Sam. 18.18. Now Abfolom in hu life time had
taken and reared tip for himfe/f a Tillar ,
which is in the King's dale ■ for he [aid,! have
no jon to keep my Name in remembrance : and
he called the Tillar after his own Name,aud it
u called unto this day AbfolomV Tillar.

To thefe we will add one Example of a work
moveable, as in this next Efcocheon.

He beanth Sable, a
Cheveron between three
Tents, Argent , by the
Name of Tenion.

Tabernacles or Tents
were the chief habitati-
on of our Fathers in the
firft Age of the World,
as we may fee Gen. 1 z.S.
Such kind of habitations
did belt fit their ufes, for*
the often removing of their Seats to refrefli
their Cattel with change of Failures ; fome-
times at hand , and otherwhiles in places re-
mote : which thev could not commodioully do,
if they had been ft ill cemmorant in folid and
fettled buildings. Such is the manner of the
Tartariaus at this day : they have no Cities ,
Tow ns, or Villages to inhabit, but the open
and Champian f elds in Tents after the manner
of the ancient Scythians, becaufe they are (in
manner) allHerdfmen. In the Winter feafon
they plant themfelves in the Plains and Val-
leys ; and in the Summer they live in moun-
tainous places,where they may find the rankeft
and beft Pafture.

Of this fort are the Ships and Boats hereaf-
ter to be handled, and all other navigable Vef-
fels; in refpect that during the time that men
do undergo any voyage , they are to them a
kind of Domcilical habitation. Now proceed
we to Examples of buildings ordained for
facred ule , whereof in thefe immediately en-
fuing.

He beareth Gules, a
Crofs crolfed , mounted
upon three Grieces, Or.
1 his Coat was quarter-
ed by Edward Jones of
Lauuaire in the County
of Denbigh. The Crofs
thus mounted upon j
Grieces, may put us in
mind of the means of"
our ' Salvation , even
Chnft Jefus , who in the fulnefs of time, there-
to appointed by his Father, fuffered the igno-
minious death ot the Crofs for our Redempti-
on ; whereby he hath joyned us unto Cod the
Father, and by that his own Oblation , hath
purchafed us eternal Redemption. The three
Grieces or fteps whereby we mount up to
Chrift crucified, are Faith , Hope, and Cha-
rity , the three Chief Tiieological Ver-
tues.

H h

22<

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Sea.iv.

He beareth Sable , 3
Bells , Argent , by the
Nameof'irVffr. This
fort of Bells that are caft
by the hand of a Foun-
der, is not of fo great
Antiquity as fome 0-
thers hereafter handled;
yet their ufe no lefs ap-
proved than thofe : for-
afmuch as both thefe
and thofe were ordained for good ufes ; thefe
to aifemble the people together to hear Divine
Service; the other to move them (being al-
fembled) to attention, when the High Prieft
did exercife his Office.

Becaufe we have here fpoken of Buildings
and Houfes , it will not be much amifs to add
hereunto fuch Efcocheons as are derived from
Inftruments of Houlhold ufe ; fuch are thefe
enfuing.

Sable, aFefs.Ermyn,
between three Bells,Ar-
gent, by the Name of
Bell. This was the
Coat- Armour of Sir Ro-
bert BellKt.hord Chief
Baron of the Exchequer,
who died of that pefti-
ferous Sicknefs at Ox-
ford, Anno ij 77. toge-
ther with the other
Judge of Affife ; which Sir Robert, by 'Dorothy
fole daughter and heir of Edmund Beaufree of
Beaupree-hall'm Norfolk, had Ilfue Sir Ed-
■mund Bell and Sinolflms, with three daughters,
viz,. Mary, Dorothy, and Frances.

He beareth Gules ,
three Cufhions, Ermyn,
buttoned and taffeled ,
Or, by the Name of
Redman. Howfoever
thefe are now taken for
Cufhions, others are of
opinion that they are
more truly Pillows, and
given to fome Anceftors
of this Bearer (if Fame
be true) for that by occafion of a combat chal-
lenged upon him by aftranger,for the perform-
ance whereof the day and place being appoint-
ed, this man being more forward than the
Challenger, came very early to the place at the
day appointed, and by chance fell on fleep in his |
Tent: the people being allembled,and the hour
come , the trumpets founded to the battel,
whereupon he wakened fuddenly,ran furioufly
upon his Adverfary and flew him.

Thefe and fuch other Utenfils do ferve as
well for Ornament as Necefhty ; whereas o-
thers there are, which ferve for nece0ity only ,
as in Example,

He beareth Gules, a
Fefs Humet , between
three Treftles, Argent,
by the Name of Strat-
ford. More aptly ( in
my conceit ) may this
tranfverfe Charge be
termed a Table than a
Fefs Humet,for fo have I
feen the fame anciently
blazoned, and fo taken
it is a note of fpecial Hofpitahty and Houfe-
keeping, a thing in this Age much commend-
ed, but little prattiftd.

Now in refpecl we are in hand to fpeak of
Hofpitslity , it mall not be amifs to give fome
little touch by the way of the bountiful hofpi-
tality of Kings in former Ages, whereof I hnd
King Solomon to be the molt famous prefident :
for his daily expences that I read or, wherein
he exceeded all others that preceded orfuc-
ceeded him,as we may fee 1 Kings 4. 22.. where
itisfaid, And Solomon' s -victuals for one day
were thirty mea\ures of fine flour, and fixty
meafrres of meal ; ten fat Oxen, and twenty
Oxen of theTaftures, and one hundred Sheep,
befide Harts , Robucks, and fallow Deer, and
fatted Fowl.

From King Solomon's Houfc-keeping defcend
we now to the Hofpitahty of the ancient Kings
of this Land. I find in an ancent Manufcript
thatKing-ZW commanded his houlhold Officers
to have in daily cuftome, to cover the Tables
in the Hall from feven of the clock in the morn-
ing till feven in the evening. His daily Diet
was not much in rare and delicate Viands ; but
that he kept it conflantly with all good Cates
as could be gotten; and at the four great Feafts
he caufed Proclamations to be made in all
Countries for all manner of people to come thi-
ther.

Moreover, the fame Author maketh men-
tion of a very memorable and molt royal Feaft,
that Cafflbelane made upon his fecondTriumph
over the Roman Emperour. And forafmuch as
it is a chief point to be obferved of him that
fhall cite Authority for any thing that he wri-
tethor fpeakethof, to ufe the exprefs words
of his Author which he voucheth,! will there-
fore deliver it as he himfelf ixlateth the fame.

Domns Regit Cajfibelani pandeth for a fpe-
cial note, which after his fecond triumph up-
on the Emperour, gave out his Royal Command-
ments to all the Gentiles in Britany , to come
with their Wives to magnifie his Feafl : For
which he flew forty fhoufand Kine and Oxen,
one hundred thou/and Sheep, thirthy thoufand
Deer, and other wild Beafls of the Wood, be-
fides the divers kinds of TtJlme, Coneys,wild

Fowl

Chap. IX,

A Biff lay of Heraldry.

Fowl and tame, of Sea and Land, with much
other purveyance of vidua! , with many dif-
guifings, plays, minftrelfie and fports.

He beareth Argent ,
aTrevet, Sable, by the
Name of Trevet. A
Trevet feemeth to be fo
called of its three feet,or
a 'Jrifode , which in
Greek fignifieth a ftool
of fo many feet. A-
monoft the Heathens
Apollo's Prieft was faid
to give Anlwers from
the Oracle, fitting on fuch a ftool; whence he
that fpeaketh Oracles, is faid to fpeak tanquam
ex Tripode.

He beareth Argent,
three fleih-pots, Gules,
by the Name of Moun-
boivchier. It appeareth
by Hiftory that the An-
cients were wont to
feethe their meat in the
hides of Beads , which
yet is in ufe in barbarous
Countries, but Art fup-
plieth that defecft. The
flefli-pots of Egypt are objected to the fkfhly
minded Jews, who were contented to forlake
the hope of bleifed Canaan , to enjoy again
their belly-cheer: and Efau's mefs of Pottage
is with many of more efteem than the birth-
right and inheritance of the heavenly Ca-
naan.

He beareth Argent ,
three pair of Be' lows ,
Sable, by the Name of
Scif ton. The inventi-
on of this Inftrument
for making of wind was
much more witty than
that conceit of the Po-
ets of Boreas his keep-
ing of winds in Bottles.
The Author of thefe
( as Strabo witneifeth) was Anacharfis.

He beareth Argent,
three Lamps, Sable , a
File of three points ,
Gules, by the Name of
Lampelaw.

We read of a certain
Church dedicated to^e-
nas , wherein was a
Lamp that burnt con-
tinually,and never went
out, but ftill gave light,
yet was not maintained with any kind of Oyl,
or other fatty matter or fubftance, and this was

holden for a fpecial miraculous thing;vet might
the fame be performed by fome other natural
means ; as with a certain kind of fionc that is
found in Arcadia , and is called Afbeftus ,
which is faid to be of that nature, that being
once kindled and let on fire, doth never extin-
guifli or go out , neither is it thereby confu-
med or wafted, Z an. lib. 4. de potent, daemon.
chap.\.i.pag.r<)%.

There are doubtlefs both in herbs and ftones
dmirable vu'tucs ( not manifeft ) whereby
ftrange and unwonted effects may be wrought.
Therefore men being ignorant of the efficacy
and forcible vertues of things natural, and ap-
prehending only their effects by flght,do forth-
ith conceive that there is wrought fome
flrange or great miracle; whereas indeed it is
nothing left but a matter proceeding meerly
from fome natural caufe.

Befides thefe aforefaid, there are fundry o-
ther Inftruments of houlhold ufe, as Mortars,
Gridirons, ckc. which we leave to obfervation.
And to this maybe referred Candles, Torches,
&c. The great Turk Solimamnts gave four
Candles for his Device, one burning,the other
three extinct ; to fignifie that other Religions
were nothing light in rcfpecT: of his; or that
the other parts of the world mould lofe their
beauty by the brightnefs of his glory.

Hebeareth parted^??"
Cheveron embatteled ,
Or and Gules, three Ro-
fts counterchanged, Hip-
ped, proper, on a Chief
of the fecond , three
Hour-glaffes of thefirft.
This Coat pertained to
Dr. White, fometitnes
Bilhop of Winchester ; a
Defendant of which
Family is Nehemiah White oCMington in Mid-
dlesex, C/ertcitf. Albeit the Sun is the Go-
vernour and Moderator of time , yet becaufe
we cannot aplty exprefs the fame to the view ,
I have made choice of this Coat to manifeft the
fame thereby , in refpect of the Hour-glaffes
placed on the Chief thereof : For as the Sun is
the meafure of time;fo is the time alfo the mea-
furer, not only of publick, but alio of private
affairs. For who is he that hath any bufinefs
to perform , that defireth not to know how he
proceedeth therein , and whether he be before
hand with time, or that he be belated ? And
for this end were Dials, Clocks, Watches and
Hour-glaffes devifed.

Endlefs is the fwift paffage of time, which
we lhall better difcern, if we look backwards
to the times that have already over-flipped

US. , iJiSi '• •"'

The beft means we can devife to bridle time

is to be evermore well exercifed in !ome honeft,

vertuous, and laudable wcrk; fo ihall it not

efcape us fruitlefly, according to that faying of

• ' 'fe-

250

A Difylay of Heraldry.

Sea. iv.

Tetrarch, VirtutetS induftria, bonarumque
artium jludiis franari fojjunt temfora , non
quiafugiant, Jed tie fere ant. So fhall we be
lure to carry a hand over time, and not time
over us: fo fhall we, if not clip his wings that
he glide not from us, yet fo attach him,
that he fhall not fo pafs us, but that we mall
make fome good ufe of him , that he pafs us
not unprofitably,

Time flippeth from us fuddenly , and out-
ftrippeth us , which only we ought greedily to
feize upon, and in no cafe barter or exchange
the fame for any coftly price or reward. Let us
(though late, yet not too late) begin to love
and hold time in eftimation , which only a man
may lawfully and honeftly covet. Let us be-
think our felves of the fhortnefs of our time ,
and our own frailty , and endeavour our felves
to make good ufe thereof; and let us not then
(as Seneca admoniflieth us) begin to live,wnen
life begins to leave us.

To this place are Clocks, Watches, and fuch
like Inftruments (reprefenting the fwift incef-
fant motion of time) to be referred , wherein
we may obferve that every wheel therein is
moved by fome other of more fwift motion
than it felf hath; whereby is verified this fay-
ing,Quilibet tnotus meitfuratur fey velociorem
motum feifjo.

CHAP. X.

NEXT to Armature, with the appen-
dices thereof, fucceedeth Navigation
whereunto pertain all forts of Ships
and Boats, with their feveral parts, their Hulls,
Stems, Sterns,Mafls , Tops, Tacklings, Sails,
Oars, Cables, Anchors, &c. whereof divers
are born in Coat-Armour, as fhall by thefe next
Examples partly appear.

He beareth Gules ,
three pieces of Mails
couped, with their tops,
Argent , by the Name
of Cromer. The inven-
tion of the Maft, as alfo
of the crofs piece where-
unto the Sail is fattened,
and is therefore called
Sail-yard, came (faith
TolydorejhomTladalus, that excellent En-
gineer of Athens, who is famous for making
the Artificial Cow , wherein 'Pafifhae (that
Monfter of womankind) did put her felf, and fo
enjoyed her lull and beftial defires with a Bull ,
with whom Hie was in love.

He beareth Cules ,
three Sails, Argent , by
the Name of Laved, a-
lias Locavell. Pliny
afcribeth the inven-
tion of Sails to Ica-
rus the fon of ZV-
daltu, who tor this De-
vice is faid (by Poets) to
have flown with Artifi-
cial wings. In a natu-
ral conflict ( faith Alex, ab Alex. ) to friie
Sail, or take down the Flag at the command
of another, is atoken cf yielding or Jutmtffion,
which is jet objervedby wen of Naval Pro-
feffion. There are three things ( faith one )
which excell all other for beautiful fi/etgf - a
goodly man at Arms bravely mounted on a
warlike Steed ; a Woman of fair and govaly
feature bearing a great belly ; and a goodly Jhif>
m her ruff, and under full Sail.

He beareth Gules, an
Anchor in Pale, Argent,
the timber or crofs piece
thereof, Or, by the
Name of Goodreed. A-
nacharfis ( faith Pliny )
made Anchors fir/1 with
two Hooks. The An-
chor fignifieth fuccour in
extremities ; and there-
fore the Author of the
Epiftle to the Hebrews , refembleth Hope to
the Anchor , where it is faid , Vt (fern frofc-
Jltam teneamus , quamvelut auim'a anchor am
habemus tntam (Sfirmam ; becaufe Hope doth
eftablifh and confirm our Faith againft all the
tempelluous Gulls of adverfe occurrents. CoJ-
mus Medices Duke of Helruria, gave two An-
chors for his Imprefs, with this word, T)uabus
meaning it was good to have two holds to
truftto. But Richard theVM, King of Eng-
land, gave a Sun on two Anchors, with this
Motto, ChrifloDuce; a worthy and Princely
choice of fo heavenly a Pilot.

He beareth Sable, a
Cheveron between 3
Anchors, Argent,by the
Name o{ Holder ; and is
the Coat-Armour of
ThomasHolder of South-
Wheat ly in Nottingham-
flnre, Efq. (late Auditor
General to his Royal
Highnefs the Duke of
Tork ) .a Perfon of ap-
proved Loyalty to the Crown all along the late
Rebellion.

Or,

Chap. X.

A Difplay of Heraldry:

29I

Or, on a Pile engrail-
ed , Azure , three An-
chors of the Field,by the
Name of Byde ; and is
the Coat-Armour of
Skynner Byde Efq. fon
and heir of Sir Thomas
Byde of Ware-Tark in
Hertford [hire, Kt. and
with a due difference, is
the Coat of Edward
Byde of Lincolns-hm
in Middlesex, Efq.

Azure, a Fefs, Or, in
Chief three Anchors of
the fecond,by the Name
of Teme ; and is born
by Chriflopher Teme
Dr. in Phylick, Fellow
of the Colledge of Phy-
ficiansin London, Phy-
fician to St. Bartholo-
mews HofpitaI,and Rea-
der of Anatomy to the Company of Earbers-
Chirurgions, London.

He beareth Azure, a
Ruther or Helm of a
Ship, Argent. By the
help of this Helm dotii
the Pilot wield the Ship
at will through the moll
violent Seas. Some men
are of opinion, that the
firft invention of the
Helm of a Ship was ta-
ken from the obfervati-
cnof a Kite flying, or rather gliding in the
Air, that by turning of his tail one while one
way, another while another way, doth guide
his courfe in the Air: whereby it feemeth that
Nature would manifeft in the clear Air, what
was behoveful to be practifed in the deep wa-
ters. So neceffary is the ufe of this Inftrument,
as that without it no fhipping can be directed
in a certain courfe , but would be evermore in
peril of fplitting upon Shoals and Rocks,
through the forcible current and furging waves
of the Sea, and the violence of the boyfterous
winds, notwithftanding the might of theskil-
fulleft Pilots or Mariners, to their great hazard
and aftonilhment, as we may fee Tfalmi®-].
2y, x6,&c. For at his word the flormy wind
arifeth, which lifteth up the waves thereof.
They are carried up to heaven , and down a-
gainto the deep; their foul melteth away be-
came of the trouble. They reel to and fro,and
Bagger like a drunken man, and are at their
wits ends. Other parts of Ships have been
born both in Coat-Armour and Impreffes. Ho-
ratius Gonfaga gave the Prow of a Ship tied
to a Plow-wheel, with a Laurel over it, figni-

fying his quiet Countrey life after his Naval
life. And Cardinal Raphael Riarins,a.ffeit m g
the Papacy, gave an Oar on the Globe of the
Earth , with this word , Hoc opus ; fliewing
what a Pilot he would be, if he had the Com-
mand.

He beareth Or, a
Lighter-boat in Fefs,
Gules. This Coat-Ar-
mour pertaineth to the
Family deWolfo oCSweu-
land. Like to this was
born in Devife by the
Prince Jam Bentivoli-
ous , who opened his
meaningwith this word,
Me video in Mart fine
gubernatore , I find my felf in the Sea without
a Pilot. Such is the condition of a Common-
wealth without a Ruler,or a man without Rea-
fon, tofled with every wave of affection. But
in thefe toflings of Fortunes waves, wife was
the refolution of Vicount Hugo de Melan,
whofe Device was a Ship without any tackling
to ftay it, with this word , In fdentio © fpe
fortitudo mea, My ftrength is in filence, pati-
ence and hope.

The Field is Mars, the
Hull of a Ship, having
only a Main Mail, and a
top without any tack-
ling, Sol. This is the
Coat - Armour of the
high and mighty Prince
Duke Albertiu de A-
lafco of Tolonia, who
did bear the fame alfo
for his Creft, with this
Motto, Deys dabit vela, God will give Sails;
fliewing that heavenly guidance is that where-
by worldly affairs are governed, and that we
muft not altogether rely on humane helps.

He beareth Argent, a
Ship with three Mafls ,
a Sail truifed up and
hoifted to the top of the
Main Yard, fhrouded ,
Sable , by the Name of
Meeres. Andreas T)o-
reo, Admiral of Spain,
gave for his Imprefs a
Ship under full Sail, with
this heavenly Motto ,
Omnia Vortume committo , I commit all to
Fortune : But another of that Name (^Admiral
to Charles the Fifth} gave the fame Device
with a much more Chriftian-like word , Non
dormit qui cuflodit , He that is keeper is no
fleeper.

2 3 :

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Seft. IV.

He beareth Azure, a
Galley palling under full
Sail, Or. This is a
Coat of Spanifli bearing,
which Nation much u-
feth this kind of velTel
on the Mediterranean
and calmer Seas , the
Rowers therein be-
ing fo many captived
Haves, chained lad to
their feat, left they mould rebell againft the
Minifters of their oppreflion. The firft Ship
we read of was made by Noah, for the prefer-
vation of increafe of all living Creatures in
the time of the general Flood. But Jafon firft
made the Galley which Sejoftris King of JE-
gypt ufed after him.

CHAP. XI.

THE laftof the forefaid Arts we reckon-
ed to be Venation,which Tlato divideth
into three Species, Hunting, Hawking,
and Fifhing ; all which, becaufe they tend to
the providing of fuftenance for man, Farnejiits
doth therefore account a Species of Agricuk
ture. The dangerous chafes of the Bear, the
wild Boar, Bull, 8cc. whether the fame be per-
formed on horfeback or on foot, hath a refem-
blance of Military practice ; for it maketh a
man provident in aiiaulting, as alfo valorous in
fuftaining the brunt of the enemy : it maketh
them politick for choice of places of advan-
tage, and enableth them . to tolerate hunger,
thirft, labour, ftorms, tempefts, ckc. all which
are mod requifite for fuch as do profefs a Mili-
tary courfe of life. What valorous Comman-
ders thofe men have proved, that have been
trained up in the Art of Hunting, when they
have come to the administration and managing
of Martial Affairs, theTer/ians can fufEcient-
ly witnefs unto us , who had no better means
to become expert Souldiers, than their daily
exercife of Hunting : As alfo the Hiitory of
Mithridates King of Tontus, who was fo much
tranfported with the love of Hunting, as that
(according to Farnefius') by the fpace of feven
years he took not the benefit of any houfe ei-
ther in City or Countrey to lie in ; by means
whereof he fo enabled and enured his body to
fuftain all hardnefs, that afterwards he became
a fcourge and terrour to the Romans. And
therefore this noble kind of Venation is privi-
ledged from the title of an Illiberal Art, being
a Princely and Generous Exercife : but thofe
only, who ufe it for a trade of life,to make gain
thereof, are to be marlhalled in the rank of
Mechanicks andllliberal Arti zans.

As touching the number of Examples of
things pertaining to this noble exercife ot Hunt-
ing, propofed for the firft Species of Venation,
I purpofe to be very brief ; not in refpect of
their fcarcity, but becaufe of the manifold im-
ployments of the Workman for the prefent,
that he is not able to furnifli me with more.
And having ended with them, I will proceed,
according to order, v. ith the other two Species
of Venation, viz. Hawking and Fifhing.

He beareth Sable , a
Bugle or Hunters horn
garnifhed and furniihed,
Argent. _ This Coat-
Armour is of very anci-
ent erection in the
Church of Rewardine
within the Foreft of
Dean in Glocefterfliire,
and pertained to the Fa-
mily of Hathcway of the fame place.

He beareth Argertt, j
Bugle horns , Sable ,
itringed, Vert, by the
Name of Wyrfey ; and is
the Coat-Armour of
Humphrey Wyrfey of
Hampfled-hall in Staf-
fordJ/jire,Eiq; one of the
Prothonotaries of the
Court of Common Tie as
at Weftmtnfter, fifth Son
of Humphrey Wyrfey of Hampfled-hall afore-
faid, Efq.

Sable, three Bugle horns flringed, Or, gar-
nifhed, Azure, born by John Thurjton olHoxon
in Suffolk, Efq. This Colour Sable is refem*
bled to the precious ltone called Diamond,
which fignifieth in Armory durablenefsjand the
Charge of this Efcocheon being of the metal
Or, is oftentimes in blazon defcribed by the
Topaz ftone, the Emblem in Heraldry of a fure
Melfenger, as Sir John Feme noteth.

He beareth Gules , a
Cheveron between two
Leopards heads inChief,
and a Bugle horn in bafe
Argent, by the Name of
Slings ly , a Family of
good antiquity and re-
pute in lorkflnre and
elfewere ; and is born
by Sir Thomas Slwgsby
of Read-houfe in TorkJIjire, Baronet.

Chap. XI.

A D iff lay of Heraldry.

'33

He beafeth Argent,
on a Cheveron between
three Stags heads cou-
ped , Sable , as many
Bugles , ftringed of the
firlt. This Coat per-
tained to Sir George
Huntley of Frovjccfter
in the County of Glo-
cefler, Kt. Other Coats
derived from this Noble
Exercife I might produce, as three Dog-hooks
born by the Name of Mertingham , three Lea-
flies or Slips, by the name of Hayward ; but
thefe Examples may ftand in ftead of the reft.
And hitherto are to be referred Toyles, Hayes,
Collars for Greyhounds : of which laft fort I
find an Efcocheon erected in the Church of
ffiewent intheForeftof-Cw, in Field Sable,
three Greyhounds Collars, Argent , edged, ftud-
ded, and tyrretted,Or.

He beareth Or, on a
Fefs,Azure,three Hawks
Bells of the firft, by the
NameofPAzB^. This
fort of Bells is of no late
invention, but of great
antiquity, and in ufe a-
mongft the Hebrews ,
whofe High Prieft had
little Bells at the skirts
of his uppermoft Gar-
ment, as appearcth Exod. 18. 33. And beneath
upon the skirts thereof, thou /halt make Tome-
granats of blue filk , and purple and [carlct
roundabout the skirts thereof , and bells of gold
round about : to fliew that the attention and
devotion of Gods people muft be ftirred up by
the Miniftery of this moft facred Function.

He beareth Azure, a
Cheveron between 3
Bells, Or, by the Name
of Ent ; and is the Coat
of that eminent Phy fici-
an Sir George Ent of
EaH-Laughton in Lin-
colnfhire, Kt. Prefident
of the Colledge of Phy-
ficians in London.

He beareth Sable , a
Cheveron, Or, between
three Lures , Argent,
by the Name of Trenue.
This Coat was quarter-
ed by Sir Nicholas Ar-
nold Kt. fometimes of
Hyneh.im in the County
of Glucefler. A like
Coat to this is born by
the Name of Lie, and
well accordeth with the Name; for Faulkners
ufe to deceive their Hawks with cafting up of
this, as if it were fome Fowl, and To they
give them a lie for a truth. And thefe two
Kxamples may fuffice for the Noble Art of
Hawking. The next and laft is Fifhing.

The skill of fifliing is diverfly exercifed,f iz.
fometimes with Nets, fometimes with Hooks,
otherwhiles with Salmon-fpears, or Eel-fpears,
and fometimes with Gins, withPuttes,Weels,
fkc- all which are found born in Coat-Ar-
mour. Now firft of Nets. Thefe are moft u-
fually born in Arms piece-meal , or in frag-
ments, which are the fame (if I be not de-
ceived) which we call in blazon Frets, becaufe
the Frenchmen call a Net Retz; , and we by
intermixture of Language have added thereun-
to the Letter F. Thefe Fragments are fome-
times born fmgle, and otherwhiles manifold,
as appeareth by thefe next Examples.

He beareth Gules , 8
Mafcles , Or , five and
three, by the Name of
Trefton. The Mafcle is
taken for the mafli of a
Net, as I ihall prefently
fhewyou by good Au-
thority. And Nets are
in facred Writ Hiero-
glyphicks of perfwafion,
whereby men are indu-
ced to venue and verity, and fo may feem af-
ter fome fort to be caught. Far d verfe from
this is that fort of Net , which is in ufe with
many men in this Age , to catch and enfnare
men of honeft and plain difpofitions, entangling
them therein, not only to the decay of their bo-
dies, but alfo to the utter fubverfion of their
Eftates, for the enriching of themfelves and
their pofterity : of fuch the Prophet Habak-
kuk fpeaketh Chap. 1. i<y,i6.

There is alfo born Gules , eight Lozenges,
Argent, four, three, and one, by the Name of
TreSlon.

li He

2 54

A Difplay of Heraldry.

s e <a. iv.

He beareth Gules, a
Cheveron, Ermyn, be-
tween three Malcles ,
Argent, by the Name of
Be/grave ; and is born
by William Belgrave of
North Kilworth in Lei -
cefterfiire, Efq. Thefe
are by fome taken to be
the fame withLozenges.
A Mafcle in Armory
(faith Sir "fobn Feme') is a reprefentation of
the majh of a Net, f gnifying the Bearer there-
of in a field, Gules, to have been raoft pru-
dent and politick in the ftratagemsof Wars,
for that the Field is dedicated to Mars. The
bearing of Mafcles therefore is of greater ho-
nour than many other Charges are, that in
vulgar eftimation are more accounted of.
Sometimes thefe are born to the number of fix,
w'.z.three,two ) and one, jointly, without the in-
terposition of any Ordinary. Otherwhiles
they are born to the number of feven conjunct,
as in this next Efcocheon.

He beareth Gules, fe-
ven Mafcles conjunct ,
vix. three , three, and
one, Or, a Canton, Er-
myn. This Coat-Ar-
mour pertained toHeu-
ry Ferrers of Badfley in
the County of War-
wick, Efq; a man very
judicious in matters of
honour. Whereas Leigh
faith that theMafcle ought always to be fquare,
whether the fame be void or whole; I hold,
that if they be mafhes of a Net, as Sir John
Feme taketh them to be, then can they not in
any cafe be whole, but muft be evermore tranf-
parent and void : for if they be folid, they may
better be refembled to quarels of Glafs , or
fome other thing of mafiie and found fubftance,
wrought every way fquare like a Die; from
which a Lozenge is faid to differ , in that the
fame is longer one way than another.

He beareth Argent, a
Fret of eight pieces, A-
zure. This was the
Coat- Armour of a no-
ble Norman well defen-
ded, called Seigneur de
Montier Aullier , as is
teftified by an ancient
French Manufcript. If
in any Coat of this bear-
ing there be found more
than eight pieces, then (faith Leigh} you
fhall not need to number. the pieces; but in the
blazon of fuch Coat- Armours you fhall fay,He
beareth Frette; one Example whereof foil ow-
eth.

The Field is Emerald
Frette, Topaz, a differ-
ence for a iecond Bro-
ther of the third Houfe.
This Coat- Armour per-
taineth to George W hit-
more, a few years fince
Lord Maior of the Ho-
nourable City of Lon-
don, defcended of the
Family of the Whit-
mores of Whitmore of Shrof flare ; in which
County at Apley , now refideth Sir William
Whitmore Baronet, who bears the faid Coat ,
only with omiffion of the Mullet, and the Ad-
dition of the Arms of ZJlfter. And now I
will give you an Example of a Fret of eight
pieces , each charged in the joynts or midft.

He beareth Argent ,
a Fret of eight pieces,
Gules, each charged in
the midft with Flowers
de lis, Or. This Coat
pertained to Sir Law-
rence Ham el den Kt. who
was one of thofeKnights
that exercifed the Tor-
nament holden at Dun-
flable , in the fecond
year of King Edward the Second. Like as in
thisCoat you fee the Fret charged,and the Field
(otherwife) free from any other charge ; fo
contrariwife you fhall find the Frette free, and
the Field charged between, as in Example.

He beareth Argent ,
Frette , Gules, ferny de
Cables of the fecond,by
the Name of Nechur.
Now I will fhew you an
Example of the bearing
of a Fret, which differ-
eth from all the former
bearings.

Argent JFrettc,GuJes,
a Chief , Azure. This
Coat is born by Darcy
Curwen of Sella-Tark
in Cumberland Efq.
Grandchild of Sir Henry
Curwen of Workington
in the faid County, Kt.
and Baronet.

Chap. XL

A Diftlay of Heraldry:

235

Topaz, Frette, Ruby,
a Canton, Ermyn. This
is the Coat-Armour of
the Right Honourable
Baptijt Noel Vifcount
Camden, Baron Noel of
Ridlivgton , and El T
mington , Lord Lieute-
nant of the County of
Rutland,^.

The Field is Diamond,
a Fret, Topaz. This was
the Coat-Armour of
Henry Lord Maltr,evers
or Mautravers ( for I.
find the Orthography
both ways ) an ancient
Baron of this Kingdom,
and is now quartered by
the Right Honourable
Thomas Howard Earl of Arundel and Surrey ,
Earl-Marlhal of England. WJjen the Fret, con-
fiflethof fix pieces, then ((pith Sir John, Feme
in Lacie's Nobility, fag. 69.) we fay a Fret ,
without faying any more : but in this we differ
from the French Heralds , who blaze fuch 'a
kind of bearing, a Fret of fix pieces; and there
lie noteth further, that a F^et cannot be of left
than fix pieces, you fhall alfo fcmetimesfind' a
Fret ingrailed, as in this next Example.

Sable , a Fret, Argent, is born by the Name
of Harrington ; a bearing fo excellent, that it
is generally known by the Name of Harring-
ton's knot.

Gules, a Fret, Argent, is the Coat of Fle-
ming, and is born by Daniel Fleming of Ri-
dale-haU in Wepnor eland , and of Heckermet
in Cumberland, Efq.

He beareth Gules , a
Fret engrailed, Ermyn,
by the Name of Eyne-
fort. If this Fret (faith
Leigh) be of more pie-
ces than you fee here ,
then it alterethfrom the
fame name , & u blazon-
edDiaper. Of the ma-
nifold forts of Diaper-
ing I have formerly given Examples, together
with certain Obfervations thereupon, where-
unto I do referr you for fatisfaclion therein.
Thefe Examples may ferve for Nets, to ihew
their divers manner of bearing,and to minifter
occafion to the Reader, to make a more ftrict
obfervation of fuch others, as I do here pafs

over, becaufe I labour to be brief.

He beareth Sable j a
Cheveron between 3
(idling Hooks, Argent,
by the Name of Med-
vile. Not improperly
(faith 'Tiering do men
Jigjufie by thi6 kind of.
Hook fraud and guile ,
Oiaa decifere eft mmm
oftentare, & aliud pra-
ter opinionem inferre :fcr the ffbsrmanamder .
a Jlievj of rendrmg food to the fijb {having fub-
tilly covered the hook all over with the lait~)
doth give him his deadly bane. And of this
trade are more in the world, than will acknow-
ledge tbemfelves of the Company of Filher-
men or Fiflimongers.

He beareth Sable, a
Cheveron between 3
Eel-fpears, Argent , by
the name of Stratele,
Thefe do Fifhermen ufe
for the taking of Eels ,
which being ( for the,
moft part ) in the mud,
cannot be taken with
Net or other Gin; which
gave occafion of the in-
vention of this Inffrument, a long Haffbeing
fetin the focket thereof , andfoto ftrike into
the depth of the mud, and by means of the
Barbs of this Inftrurhent, they detain as many
as come within the danger thereof And there-
fore this Engine hath a fignification of fuch an
action of defert , wherein both ftrength and
policy are conjoyned.

He bearethArgent,a Che-
veron, Ermyn, between
3 Weels, their hoops up-
wards,Vert,by theName
of Wylley. And indeed
this is like the infnarings
and deceits of wily men:
for as this mouth is made
broad and eafie for the
fifh to enter, but is nar-
row within , that they
cannot get forth ; fo crafty Varlets will make
fair pretence to draw men into their dangers ,
out of which they cannot get forth, being once
intangled.And this kind of trade is much more
bafe and illiberal than any of the afore-fpecifi-
ed. And with thefe are to be ranged all thofe,
quorum lingua vtnalu eft ( faith Tully ) who
fell their tongue, their skill, their cohfeience,
only to get a Fee of their Clients. And thus
much of Arts Mechanical of thefirft and princi-
pal rank.

f' * CHAP,

236

A Bifplay of Heraldry.

Sefl.1V.

chap. xn.

ARTS Mechanical of more neceffary ufe >
for the nourilhing and preferv ing of j
mans body, we have propofed in the <
preceding Examples: there yet relt other Arts I
of a fecond rank, which tend rather to the em-
belhfhing and beautifying of Natures works [
than to the neceffary fupply of humane ufes; j
yeafome of themfuch, as are rather baits to [
pleafe the fenfes, than means to further man's
good. Yet becaufe the cuftome of times, and j
opinion of men, and a certain curious and af-
fecfted skill hath given efteem and name of Art
untofuch fupertiuous curiofities, we will not
utterly pafs them by ; the rather, becaufe all
of them being ufed with moderation , by un-
demanding men, and for good ends, they may
defervedly have both approbation and com-
mendation. The firll of thefe is the skill of
Cookery , for the exquifite pleafing of the
Palate ; unto which kind of men, fome have
been fo addicted, that it is ftoried of a certain
Prince, that he propofed a great reward to e-
very man that iliould invent a new conceited
difh. And the Sybarites were famous in this
kind, who bid their guefts a year before the
Feaft, and fo long were catering for dainties.
It is a Proverb amongft the Jews , Qui multt-
flicat carries, multtplicat vermes : and mod
true it is, that he that daily feedeth his body ,
is but a Cook to drefs meat for worms. Paint-
ing, Carving, and Imbroidering , ferve to
pleafe another fenfe , the fight; and therefore
is a more ingenious delight : and in this kind
fome have been fo excellent and renowned, as
that they have been numbred amongfl men of
admirable wifdome ; as AfeUes, Thidias, To-
lycletm, and others, whofe works have defer-
ved immortal reputation, and fome of their
Mafter-pieces have been prifed beyond belief.
All thefe have fundry Inftruments, which may
be (and doubtlefs have been ) born in Coat-
Armour ; but becaufe they are not ufual, I will
referr them to each man's own obfervation,and
will give inftance in the laft of this kind of Arts
of Delight, which we call Playing; which
comprehendeth either Theatrical recreation,or
other Games whatfoever.

And forafmuch as their firft inftitution was
good,and that they are in themfelves the com-
mendable exercifes , either of the body, or of
wit and invention (and if there be in them a-
nyevil, it is not in them ferfe, but per acci-
dens , becaufe they are abufed by thofe that do
practife and exercife them} I have thought
good to annex them unto the fame : fuch are
Table-playing, Chefs, Dice, Racket, Balloon,
&c. The things wherewith thefe Games are
praclifed, are born in Coat- Armour, as by thefe
Examples following may appear.

He beareth Azure ,
three pair of playing
Tables, Argent, border-
ed, Or, pointed and gar-
niihed within of the tirft,
by the Name oVPegrefi.
Recreations which are
honeft are as neceffary
for the mind, which is
imployed in great af-
fairs and cares of im-
portance, as meat is for the body which is ex-
haufted with daily labour ; and therefore of all
men living, Statefmen and Students are to be
born with, if they are more addicted to the re-
frefhing of their minds furcharged with medi-
tation, than other forts of men. But the play
at Tables is not held fo fitting for the Female
Sex, thereby they learn to bear a man more
than they mould.

He beareth Azure, a
Fefs between j Chefs-
Rooks,Or, by the Name
of Bodenham; and was
born by that great lover
and promoter of Heral-
dry Sir Witigfeld Bo-
denham Kt. It feem-
eth thefe were at firft
called Rooks , for being
the defence of all the
reft; and therefore they ftand in the uttermoft
corners of the Chefs-board , as Frontier Ca-
ftles. This is a game of noble exercife for the
mind, as requiring much forecaft and under-
ftanding. King William the Conquerour was
much addicted to this delight, and loft great
Lordfhips at this play. And indeed , were it
not too ferious a recreation, and going beyond
the nature of Games, it might well befeem a
King; becaufe therein are comprifed all the ftra-
tagems of warr, or plots of Civil ftates.

He beareth Argent,
fix Chefs-rooks , three,
two, and one, Sable,
by the Name of Rock-
wood; and is born by
Nicholas Rockwood of
Kir by in Suffolk, Efq;

Chap. XII.

A Diftldy of Heraldry.

137

ill

He beareth, Gules, a
Fcrdemoulin pierced be-
tween two Martlets ,
Argent, by the Name of
Beverjham ; arid is the
Paternal Coat-Armour
of Sir W tlli dm Sever-
Jljam of Holbrook-hall
in Suffolk, Kt. one of the
Matters of the high and
honourable Court of
Chancery.

He beareth Ermyns,
on aCroi's quarter pier-
ced, Argent, fourFer-
demoulins, Sable, by
the name of Turner ;
and is the Coat-Ar-
mour of the honoura-
ble Sir Edward Tur-
ner of Tarendon in
Eftx, Kt. Chief Baron
of his Majefties Court
of Exchequer.
This is alfo the Coat- Armour of Sir Edmund
Turner of Stoke-Rochford in the County of
Lmcoln,YLt. which honour he received from
his Majefty King Charles the Second, the Nine-
teenth of January 1663.

He beareth Sable, on
a Crofs , Argent , five
Ferdemoulins pierced of
the Field, by the Name
of Turner ; and is the
Coat-Armour of John
Turner of Kyrkleatham
in the North-Riding of
Torkjhire , Serjeant at
Law , elder Brother to
Sir William Turner of
the City of London, Knight and Alderman,and
late Lord Maior thereof/

Azure, fifteen Ferde-
moulins, Or, on a Can-
ton of the fecond a Lion
rampant, purpure. This
Coat pertaineth to the
honourable Society of
Lincolns-Inn,being one
of the four Inns ofGourt.

He bcareth Or, three
Dice, Sable, each charg-
ed with an Ace, Argent,
by the Name Ambejace,
as appeared! by an bid
Roll late in the hands of
Mr. St arty decealed.
There is no fuccefslul e-
vent of Dicing , none
pfofperous or fortunate^
but all. ominous and la-
mentable : for he that lofeth is tormented; and
he that winneth is enticed and tolled on, until
he be entrapped or infnared in fome wily of
dangerous plot.

If a man play at dice, and depart a winner;
let him try his Fortunes again, he fliall be fure
to lofe. If a man win, his gains is wafted by
giving away here and there to ftanders by,and
to the Butlers box ; but let him lofe never fo
much, there is none that will afford him one
jot of reftitution.

In this kind of play many men do over-
fhoot themfelves, and commit fuch errours for
tllelofsof a little money, as otherwife they
would not for great funis be hired to do:

In this Game all manner ot vices, efpecial-
ly thofe of covetoufnefs and fwearing do pre-
dominate and bear chief fway. Neverthelefs
many men obferving the cafual chance of the
Dice, out of a covetous defire of gain , and
not being rightly informed of the ufe of this
our mortal lite , do with vehemency profecute
their infatiable thirft and defire of gain, as if
that were the only fcope whereto they ought
to direct all their actions of this life : whofe
folly, or rather extream madnefs, is lively ex-
preffed in the Book of Wifdome t5.1z.But they
counted our life apaftime, and our time here
a market for gain: For (fay they'*) we muft
be getting every way , though it be by evil
means.

To conclude , the hazard of Dice-playing
( according to Tetrarch ) is an huge and infa-
tiable Gulf, a dreadful and fudden Confump-
tion of Patrimonies and Inheritances, a tem-
peft of wind , a cloud of fame.a fpurr to wick-
ednefs, and the roadway to defperation : And
howfoever other recreations are fports , yet
this is nothing but meer grief and vexation of'
mind.

tie

2*8

A Difplay of Heraldry.

■& IV-

He beareth Argent, a
Cheveron between 3
Dice , Sable , each one
charged with a Cinque
of the firft. This Coat
was quartered by Mr.
Fitz-W^iUiams of Mal-
ton. This is the Game
of Fortune, and For-
tune's Children. The
fquare , which always
falleth right howfoever it be caft,is the emblem
of Conftancy ; but the uncertainty of the Picks
is the very type of Inconftancy and Mutability.
He that lays his eftate on the eyes of thefe
Dice, will leave a fmall eftate for his own eyes
to look on.

To this Chapter may be referred all other
Games ; as the Racket , and that of Jacobin
Medices, General to Charles the fifth , whofe
Device was a Ball with two Balloons, with this
word , Tercu(fas Elevor , The harder J am
Stricken, the higher I mount. And this may
ferve for conclufion of all Arts and ProfeiTions
civil, whether liberal or illiberal, necelfary or
delightful whatfoever.

CHAP. XIII.

WH A T manifold variety of Coat-
Armours (confrfting of things Arti-
ficial) is borrowed from the feveral
Dignities, Arts, and Exercifes of men of civil
life and condition , the foregoing Tracts and
Examples have fufliciently declared. There
now remain fuch Artificials as are in ufe a-
mongft men of military profellion, with which
we will Ihut up this whole Section of things Ar-
tificial. By things Military I underhand all
fuchas do pertain to the ufe and exercife of
Martial Discipline and Service ; whereof fome
do ferve for Order, fome for Execution of Or-
der. Of the firft kind are thofe things which
are for direction in Marchings, Encampings ,
Arifings, Alfaults, Retreats, &c. and fuch are
the Banner-Royal, the Standard, Guidon, Pe-
non, Cornet, &c. For albeit it be true, that
Leges filent inter Arma, Laws cannot be heard
amongft clafhing of Weapons ; yet without
certain Laws of Difcipline and Order it is im-
poflible for any Martial attempt to be fuccefs-
ful. And therefore this is reckoned as Hanni-
Ws higheft glory, that being Captain of an
Army confiding of men of fo fundry Nations
and Conditions, he notwithftanding kept them
all under quiet Difcipline ; the want whereof
hath commonly been the caufe,when any great
defign hath proved unprofperous.

The valiant Zifca being ftark blind, yet fit-
ting in the midft of his Army, whiles they
were in any pitched Field with the Enemies ,
gave ftch directions upon all occafions , as
that his Army was ever Victorious. And Ctefar
was in this kind fo fortunate, that, he fought
fifty pitched Fields with honour , wherein he
alone furpalled the valorous MarcusMarcelhu,
who is faid to have been forty times -rave one
in the Field. And requifite is it-in. matters of
fo high nature, as are decided by wars, an ex-
quifite care both in directing and obeying ,
fhould be obferved; becaufe it hath often hap-
pened, that the neglect or miftaking of fome
one fmall Circumftance hath been the over-
throw of whole Armies, and all the States
thereon depending.

And fince we are about to treat of fuch Ar-
tificials as are in ufe amongft men. of Military
profeffion, I hold it not impertinent to dif-
courfe a little of Military Laws-, and fome ob-
fervations concerningBattels and Armies , be-
ginning with fuch MilitaryLavi s and Difcipline
as were divulged to the Ifraelites, in the begin-
ning of the fecond month of the fecond year ,
after their coming out of Egypt.

The all-powerful and molt provident God
and wife difpofer of all things, having made
fpecial choice of a people felected out of all
the Nations of the world for his own peculiar
fervice, and minding to exercife them under
many afflictions, to prove what was in their
hearts (to the end they might have a feeling
fenfe of his Almighty prelence, and ready de-
liverance at all feafons out of all their cala-
mities, thatfo he might humble them , and
make them meet for himfclf) he did not pre-
fently lead them into the Land of Promifc, fo
foon as he had brought them out of the Egyp-
tians fervitude but led them to and fro in the
Wildernefs by the fpace of forty years, keeping
them in continual exercife.to prove their faith,
and to bring them out of liking with this world,
and to learn them to depend wholly upon his
Divine Providence , ana in all their nece/Tities
to reft folely upon him, andtofeek their com-
fort and relief from him only.

This moft gracious God , having a tender
care of thefe his people, and forefeeing in his
Divine Providence how needful difcipline was
for the ordering and conducting of fo huge and
populous a multitude, in a paflage fo long,and
withal fo full of perils ; and knowing that all
Civil Difcipline confuted in commanding and
obeying, prefcribeth to his fervant Mofes a re-
gular form of government, whereby he might
contain them in their feveral Offices and Du-
ties.

Firft, he commanded Mofes to number the
Ifraelites, faying, Take ye the fum of all the
Congregation of the children of Ifrael , Sr.
Num. i. r.

And then having given Mofes and Aaron ge-
neral directions for the marlhalling and order-

ing

Chap. XIII.

A Difplay of Heraldry:

ing the whole Army of the Ifraelites, he faith,
Numb. 2. i. Every man of the children of If-
rael fh 'all camp by his Standard, and under the
enfign of thetr Fathers hoitfe : far off about
theTabernacle of the Congregation Jhdli they
fitch.

And on the Eat! fide
toward the fifing of the
Sun Jball they of the
Standard of t he Camp of
Judah pitch, throughout
their Armies : /W Naa-
fton the fon of Amina-
thb fiall be Captain of
the children of Judah.
And his hofie, and thof'e
that were numbred of
them , were three/core
and fourteen thoufand ,
and fix hundred.
And thofe that do fitch next unto him, /hall
be the Tribe of Wachar : and Nethane'el the
fan ofT\xzxfijall be Captain of the children of
Iffachar.

And bis hosle , and thofe that were num-
bred thereof , were fifty and four thou land, and
four hundred.

Then the Tribe of Zebulort : and Eliab the
fan of tidon/fjallbe Captain of the children of
Zebulun.

And hk ho fie, and thofe that were numbred
thereof , -were fifty and feven thoufand,andfour
hundred.

All that were numbred in the Camp of Ju-
dah, were an hundred four fcore and fix thou-
fand and four hundred throug/xut their Ar-
mies : Thefe Jliallfrfl fct forth.

On the South fide pall
be the Standard of the
Camp of Reuben,^ cord-
ing to their Armies:
and the Captain of the
children of Lieuben fiiall
be Elizur the fori of She-
deur.

And his hofte, and
thofe that were num-
bred thereof, were forty
and fix thoufand , and
five hundred.
And thofe that pitch by him fhMl be the Tribe
of Simeon: and the Captain of the Children of
Simeon Jball be Shelumid the fou of Zurilhad
dai.

And his hofte, and thofe that were numbred
of them , were fifty and nine thoufand and
three hundred.

Then the Tribe 0/ 'Gad: and the Captain of
the fans of Gad jball be Eliafaph the Ion of
Rcuel. r 1 J

299

And his hofte, and tho fe that were numbred
of them, were forty and five thoufand, and fix
hundred and fifty.

All that were numbred in the Campcf ^ Reu-
ben , were an hundred thoufand, and fifty and
one thoufand , and four hundred and fifty
throughout their Armies : and they fet forth in
the fecond rank.

Then the Tabernacle of the Congregation
fljall fet forward , with the Camp of the Le-
vites in the midff of the Camp : as they encamp,
fa (ball t hey fet forward, every man in his place
by their Standards.

On the Weft fide J, all
be the St indard of the
Camp of Epliraim , ac-
cording to 1 heir Armies:
and the Captain of the
JouscfEphraimJ/jallbe
Eliihama the fou of Am-
niihud.

And his hofte , and
t hofe t hat were numbred
of them , were forty
thoufand and five huu-

Aid by him^all be the Tribe of Manaffeh •
beCapta,,, 0 f the Children of Mana&h
yW^rGamahel the fou ,/Pedahzur.

And h !s hoSfe, and thofe that were numbred
of then, were thirty and two thoufand and
two hundred. 1

Then theTribe of Benjamin : and the Cap-
tain of the fons of Benjamin /hall be Abidin
the fou of Gideoni.

And his hofie and thofe that were numbred
of them, were thirty and five thoufand and four
hundred. 1

All that were numbred of the Camp of E-
were an hundred thoufand, andeitht
thoufand, and an hundred throughout their
Armies : and they fball go forward m the third
rank.

The Standard of the
Camp of Dan fball be on
the North fide by their
Armies : and the Cap-
tain of the Children of
Dan [hall be Ahiezur
the fan of Ammimad-
dai.

And his hoffe,
thofe that were
bred of them, ,
three fcore and two thou-
find and feven hundred.
And thoje that encamp by him fijall be the
Tribe of After : and the Captain of the Chil-
dren of AMr/ball be Pagiel the fon of O-
cran. J

and
num-
were

And

240

A Difylay of Heraldry.

Seft.LV.

Andhtshofle, and thoje that were numbred
of them, were forty and one thotijand and five

hundred.

Then the Tribe of Naphtali : and the iaf-
tain of the Children of Naphtali>J# be Ahira
the fon of Enan.

And hu hoife, and thofe that were numbred
of them,were fifty and three thoufand and four

hundred. , y , . , ~ r

All they that were numbred in the Camp of
Dan , were an hundred thouJaud,and fifty and
[even thoufand and fix hundred : they jhall go
hindmoft with their Standards. '

Here have we in this fecond Chapter of
Numbers an uncontrollable warrant pronoun-
ced by the mouth of Almighty God for the
ufe of two forts of Enfigns, the one general,
being in number four , only ordained for the
leading and direction of the four Regiments
( as I may fo call them. ) And the other par-
ticular, fervingforthedemonftrationof the ie-
veral families, and for the diftinguifhing of the
particular perfons of each family, for the more
commodious diftributing of them into bands ;
a thing moft behoveful for the bellowing and
conducting of fo huge a multitude, confidering
how many thoufand of perfons were comprifed
in and under every of the above-named Regi-
ments: So as it is moft clear, that thefe are no
lefs requifite ( in their kind J than the former
in theirs, for the more orderly and effectual
managing of this military expedition of fo
long a° continuance, and withal fubjected to
infinite dangers.

As touching the tokens or figns ufed in the
general Standards, we have fhewed what they
were after the opinion of Martina* Borhatu
(who diffcreth from S(eed:~)\\is very words you
may read in the firft Chapter and firft Section
of this Book.

Butfince here is mention made of figns per-
taining to particular families and perfons , it
may perhaps be queftioned what thefe figns
were. Whereto I anfwer , That they mult of
ncceffity be Jigna exiflentium 111 rerum natura,
becaufe there cannot be a reprefentation of
things that are not. If then they confuted of
the fimilitude of the things in Efience,or being;
no doubt they were fuch, as not only the skil-
fuller fort.but the vulgar alfo(through frequent
ufe and cuftome) did well know by their daily
fight and ufe of them: as being the exprefs
pourtraitures either of Celeftial Bodies, as of
the Sun, Moon, Stars, &c. or of things Sub-
lunary Meteors fiery ,Meteors watery,whereof
we have before fpoken in their due places : Or
elfe of Vegetables, as Trees, Shrubs, Plants,
Fruits, Herbs, Flowers, &c. Or elfe they were
refemblances of fenfitive Creatures ; as of Man,
Beafts, Fowls , Fillies , Reptiles : Or elfe of
Inftrumcnts, or Tools of familiar ufe in the ex-
ercife of Mechanical Trades, pertaining to life
Civil or Ruftick. Which in refpect of their com-

mon and ordinary ufe were belt known to men,
and therefore ferved moft fitly for notes or
marks or precife differencing of each particu-
. lar family and perfon from other.

When a Ring or Prince do enter the field to
| give battel to their enemies, it behoveth that
i he be ftrongly fenced of the Army, both before
and behind; and that he have his being near
the great Standard, in the heart of the battel ,
for the more fafety of his perfon, and that he
may the better give directions upon all occafi-
ons to the whole Army, as the neceffity of the
fervice fhall require.

It is a thing very dangerous for a King,
Prince, or other General, or whatfoevet other
their great Commander, to be over-forward or
venturoustoencounterhis enemy in battel in his
own perfon : It fufficeth fuch to command,and
to give direction , and never to hazard their
perfons in battel. But if he muft needs put
his perfon upon the jeopardy of the uncertain
and dangerous events of a battel, it behoveth
that he deferr the fame to the laft conflict ; for
that upon the fafety of his perfon dependeth
the hopeful good fuccefs of the battel, and the
fafety of the whole Army.

Befides, fo long as the chief Commander is
in life and fafety, albeit he be foiled and dif-
comfited ; yet may he repair his Forces , and
fubdue him by whom he was foiled : but his
perfon being either flain or furprized, there is
no hope of recovery.

Upon the firft difplay of the Banner of a
King or Trince , or of their General of chief
Commander , it behoveth that fome difcreet
and ancient Counfellor fhould make known
publickly the caufe , why thofe wars were un-
dertaken.to the intent the fame may be known
to be grounded upon lawful caufe; and that the
King or Prince doth not rafhly attempt the
fame,but that he doth it in a lawful quarrel, and
upon juft caufe.

Which done, then fliould he command the
chief Herald to unroll and difplay the faid Ban-
ner, and deliver it to him that is appointed to
bear the fame (who before he take the fame
muft receive the order of Knighthood, if he be
not before Knighted) with a ftri& charge and
command to hold the fame faft , and to main-
tain the honour thereof,even with the extream
hazard of his life, and thereupon to advance
the fame in the Name of God, the fole Author
and Giver of all Victory.

Like as the Laws of Civil Magiflracy and
Government were ordained by God: fo alfo
were Military Laws and Ordinances grounded
upon his exprefs Commandment, uttered by
the mouth of the Prophets and Friefts ; as you
may fee particularly , for the exhortation of
Priefls, Deut. 20, 1 , 2. and of other Officers,
Deut. 20. and jud. 7. 3. befides Military-
Laws for fight, Numfr. ar.ii. that the Condi-
tions of TeacemuA be offered, Deut.w.i 1,12.
,&c. lor Spoil, 20.19. and the divifion thereof,

1 Sam,

Chap. XIII. A Dtftlay of

Heraldry.

241

1 Sam. 30. 26, &c. 1 Chron. z6. 27. Joft. 22.
8. 1 Chron. 28. 15. for Victory; that it is the
duty of Captains and their Armies ( after vi-
ctory obtained ) to afcribe the whole glory-
thereof to God, and with one heart and one
voice to magnihe his moll glorious Majefty by
the example of Judas Maccabeus, Thus they
went home and Jung Tfalms , and praifed the
Lord in heaven, for he u gracious , and his
mercy endureth for ever,i Maccab. 4. 24.

The skilful managing of Military Affairs is a
kind of Art ; neithe r doth the publick profef-
fion of the name of a Souldier, nor yet his lofty
countenance or change of habit forthwith make
a man a Souldier, it is a matter of greater con-
fequence, and of no lefs fecrecy ; for a Souldi-
er is to be confident in that he undertaketh,and
to wage battel with an alfured hope of Victory,
and to retire himfelf and his Forces (if the
neceffity of the caufe fo require ) without fear
of reproach or danger. For as the common
Proverb faith, Amore valorous man is he that
wifely flieth , than he that fooliflily expofeth
himfelf to adventure and hazard ; Teriti e-
mm bellatoris ejl non minus fcire fugiendi ar-
tem, quam pugnandi ; for it is a matter of no
great difficulty to draw men on to fight ; but if
the Captain in his providence, whilft they be
in action, fhall difcover fome unexpected dip-
advantage or damage that may befall him and
his Band, and can wifely retire himfelf with
honour and with fafety of his Sou!diers,hefhew-
eth himfelf both valorous in his encounter, and
wife in his retreat.

The greateft Victories have not been gotten
by handy-ftrokes always; but many times for
fafeguard of the effufion of blood, either the
one part, or the other, devifed fome witty un-
expected fudden policy or ftratagem,to aftonifh
the adverfe part , thatfo they might fuddenly
llaughter them , or put therri to mameful
flight. Large is the field of ftratagems which
every Commander hath by particular inventi-
on ; neither hath there been more Victories or
Trophies gained by any one means than by
thelc Stratagems. Whatfoever cometh beyond
expectation maketh a d;fturbance or amaze-
ment in the Enemy : but it muft be wrought
with this caution , that it be no disturbance to
our felves.

Neither is every (light invention fit to be put
in practice, but fuch only as have forefight and
circumspection annexed to them. He muft be
Argus that is a General or chief Commander ,-
he muft be eyed behind, before , in his head,
in his feet ; and then fhall all things be eafily
difpofed according to order, and take good ef-
fect,when orderly distribution, and providence,
and premeditation , have made way there-
to.

It is not the length of a man's age , or the
number of years, that yieldeth the art or skill
of managing Military Affairs ; but a continual
meditation how he may encounter all occur-

rents, and put them in exercife and practice:
For if a man receive never fo many ltipends,
yet is the unexercifed man ftill but a freihwater
Souldier notwithftanding.

There were in former Ages two forts of dif»
miffion or difcharge from Military Service ; the
one named ignomiuiofa, that is to fay, appro-
brious or infamous : as when a Souldier for
fome notorious crime was difcharged from his
fervice, and difgraccfiilly put outof pay and
place , as for flothfulnefs, cowardize, forfaking
of his Captain, or fuch like; then he was by
the Tribune difmifled of his place, and brand-
ed with the mark of infamy and reproach, if
he were fo by the Tribune difcharged and de*
prived of his Military Ornaments.

The other wascalled Caufaria miJJio,as much
to fay as an occafional difmiffion or difcharge ,
grounded upon good and lawful confiderarions:
as when in regard of debility , by reafon of
age or ficknefs,wounds or other infirmities pof-
feffing a man , he was licenced to depart to his
home ; and thofe that were thus difmiffed, did
mod commonly dedicate their Shields, Swords,
and Armour, Laribus fuis, to their Houfhold
Gods, as the Heathen termed them, by hang-
ing them up upon the walls in fome chief or
fpecial place or room of their Houfe, for a me-
morial of their fervice performed in defence of
their Friends and Countrey.

Martial men are evermore in peril and ha-
zard of life, in regard of their light efteem of
the manifold varieties, casualties, and danger-
ous events of wars , whereunto they do ever-
more expofe themfelves : for Fortune thun-
dereth not her perils more abundantly upon any
fort of men, than upon thofe that fet her at
naught ; fuch are high fpirited and valorous
men. And not without caufe ; for as others
do labour to fhelter themfelves from danger,
and do fhun the violence thereof; thefe contra-
riwife do lay open themfelves to the utmoft
hazard that may befall them.

Call to mind the fore-paffed Ages , and exa-
mine them to the point, and you fhall find that
the valianteft men (for the moft part) have
been fwallowed up with a violent death. Vii
ctory doth oftentimes make men tofwell with
pride , and to infult over others, and provoke
them to their own deflruction, as we may fee
2 Kings 1 4.8. where Arnaziah fummoned the
fon of Jehoahaz King of Ifrael to fingle corn-
bate, faying, Come let us look one another itt
the face. Who anfwered him, Becau[e thou
haft [mitten Edom, and thine heart hath lifted
thee up ; glory of this and tarry at home : for
why fhouldeft thou meddle to thy hurt, that thou
Jjotildefl fall, even thou and Judah with
thee ?

Some men are of opinion, that fuch as are
vanquished in battel ought not to becaptivated
to fuch as had fubdued them , unlefs the wars
were juft and lawful, as Dr. Cafitis hath ob-
ferved. But Barrens holdeh, that albeit the
R k ground

I; r

■ I

242

A Difylay of Heraldry.

HcSt. iV.

ground or caufc of the wars that are underta-
ken be unjuft; yet it is not (imply unjuft that
fuch as are vanquifhed in battel, ihould be fub-
;e<2ed under the power of the Vanquiiher; Quia
Legiflatoru inteutioefl, ut virtus Vincent is pc
honoretur ; the purpofe of the Law-maker was
that the valour of the Vanquiiher Ihould be fo
rewarded. Befides, it is no ignominious thing
for a man to be fubdued by a man accounted ot
valour, according to that faying, Nou tarn
turpe eft vinci , quam contendijfe gloriojum ;
It is not reckoned a matter fo reproachful to
be fubdued, as it is honourable to have coped
with a magnanimous and valiant man.

Many men are remunerated for the vertues
that are found in them, or for the external to-
kens of vertue that are obferved in their out-
ward carriage. Hereupon is that Law ground-
ed, Oupdcapti bello viflonbus fubferviaut mot
for that the Conquerours are always the better
men, but in regard that in them the figns and
tokens of vertue and valour are more apparent
than in thofe that are fubdued.

It is a juft dominion or fuperiority, and agree-
able to the order of Nature , that the more
powerful ihould predominate over the weaker
fort. And the Laws do feem to approve the
fame, Cum velint viBum captum in bello vi-
Boris fervum fieri.

It is a Law of perpetuity (faith Zenophoii)
obferved amongft men, that when a Town or
City that held out the Affailants is furprifed ,
whatfoever is found therein ts due to them that
took the fame , as well the perfous as their
whole ftibftance; whofe opinion herein Ari-
ftotle followeth, 'Polit. 40. And St. Ambrofe
lib. 1. de Tatriarch. writeth, That the prey of
the King of Sodom was in like fort in the pow-
er of Abraham that conquered him.

This cuftome hath been alfo obferved, That
to ask leave to bury the flain in the time of o-
pen hoftility, and whilft men are in Arms in
the Field, or depart the Field after Battel , is
a kind of yielding of victory : for it befeemeth
not them that won the Battel to feek any thing
of the enemy by way of intreaty. Like as
alfo the unwillingnefs to joyn Battel, and pro-
traction or delay of Battel was taken for a
yielding of Victory.

And row we will begin with Examples of
bearing fuch things in Coat-Armour, whereby
Martial Difcipline and Order , which we have
now difcourfed of, are preferved; whereof
fome are for fliew, other tor found.

The Field is Jupiter,
three Banners difvcllop-
ed in Eend, Sol. Virgi-
lius Sola noteth this tor
the Arms of the King-
dom of Baldachin. Dif-
velloping is the proper
term for fpreadmg or
difpla) ing of this Marti-
al Eniign, as Wyrley no-
teth in the life and death
of the Cap it oil a 'e Bur, faying, With thrcat-
mng Ax in hand I was at baud; and my dij-
ve Hoped 'Penon me before, {sc.

Very behoveful are thefe Enfigns for every
particular Band of Foot and Troop of Horfc ,
to the end they may know whither to draw to-
gether in expectance of the command of their
Captain for the performance of all occafions;
and that they may by them be directed after
any conflict or skirmifh , whither to retire
themfelves without danger : they alfo ferve for
the manifeft diftinguifhing of Bands and Com-
panies. And by thefe they are all directed in
their Services, as a Ship is guided through the
forcible and violent furges of the Seas, by the
benefit of her Helm and a skilful Pilot guiding
the fame.

The Enfigns that the Romans anciently ufed,
were of divers fhapes : the Eagle fixed on the
top of a Pike or Pole was the chief ; but that
they had Penons or Flags alfo , appeareth by
Lazius, who faith they were called vexilla,
a velis navmm, from the Sails of Ships, which
they refembled, being fo named tanquam mi-
nus velum, as it were a little Sail.

He beareth Azure ,
four Spears in Bend gar-
nifhed with Penoncles
dexter-ways , counterly
furmounted of as many-
other like, Argent. This
Coat was born quarterly
by Laz. van Schwendi,
a Dutchman. Thefe Pe-
noncles made of certain
fmall pieces of TafFata
or Sarcenet , cut after the form of a Penon ,
wherewith Martial men do oftentimes adorn
their Spears and Launces,which albeit of them-
felves they be things of no moment ; yet do
they very often ( like as alfo Banners do ~) a-
ftonifh the Enemy through their continual mo-
tion : forafmuch as they are evermore wafting
and wavering in the wind, whereby they do fo
occupy the enemies eye , as that itbreedeth a
terrourinthe mind of their foes, through a
conceived opinion, that thofe that come againft
them ( being all Troops of Horfemen that ufe
this kind of Spear) are of a farr greater num-
ber than indeed they arc, us Wyrley in his laid
Book noteth, faying,

Chap. XIII.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

243

To Cockerel-ward we light into the way,
Where we beheld the foe-mates proud difplay ;
So many Banners wafting in the Air,
They jeemed twice the number that they were.

Thefe forefaid Inftruments ferve for diredi-
on and order to the eye,and by fhew. To thefe
Enfigns thus born in the Field in time of Battel
either expected or adted , we may add this
known Enfign of premonftration of eminent
hoftile invafion, whi»h is the fired Becacon ,
which giveth a fudden warning of inftant in-
tended attempt or invafion of Enemies , the
notice whereof giveth occafion of the firing of
the Beacon: whereupon a Gentleman of good
reputation chofe to bear for his Imprefs , upon
a Mount a Beacon fired, with this Motto annex-
ed, Sic periijfe juvat ; meaning to die for his
Countries fafety was his defire. The bearing
in Arms of three of thefe fired Beacons appear-
eth in this next Example.

He beareth Sable , 3
Beacons fired, Or, the
flames proper , by the
Name of T)auntre. As
touching the name of
Beacons,it feemeth to be
a Saxon word , derived
fron the Saxon word
Becuian, which fignifi-
eth to call by fign or to
beckon, as we ufe the word at this day , and
thereof are they called Beacons. Before the
time of King Edward the Third , they were
made of great ftacks of wood ; but about the
eleventh year of his reign , he ordained that
there mould be in Kent high Standards with
their Pitch-pans on the top of them. Lambert's
'Perambulation of Kent, pag.69. Now I will
prefent to your view fome Examples of the
bearing in Coat-Armour fuch Military Inftru-
ments which direcT: more diftin&ly by found.

He beareth Gules , a
Drum in Fefs between
three Drum-fticks e-
recled, Argent. The
Drum is of frequent ufe
(with divers Nations )
in the Field. The Par-
thians for this purpofe
have great Kettle-
drums, hollow within ,
and about them they do
hang little Bells and Copper-rings, all which
founding together, do make anoifemuch like
a dead found mingled with the braying and bel-
lowing of a wild Bead. This Inftrument as it
ferves for direction, fo likewife is it of ufe in
drowning the fearful cries of wounded and dy-
ing men, left that ghaftly noife Ihould daunt
the hearts of the Souldiers. Zifca that re-

nowned Captain of the Bohemians, being fick
to death, willed his Souldiers to pluck off his
skin, and to make a Drum of it.alfuring them
that when their Enemies mould hear the found
of it, they would flie before their face.

There is manifold ufes of the Drum , Fife ,
Trumpet , and other Mufical Inftruments ufed
in Martial Affairs, inafmuch as they ferve not
only for the direction of Companies & Troops,
but alfo of the whole Army in their Marchings,
Encampings, Rifings, Ailaults, Retreats, &c.
but alfo to dead and drown the cries of the
maimed and wounded,and to ftir up valour and
courage in the Souldiers to the fierce encoun-
tering and affaulting of the Enemy : and for
thefe ends was the ufe of them ordained in
wars, to which purpofe do thefs Inftruments
much avil , Sonus enim cornuum ® tubarum
C in frali is ) magnum vim habet ad fpiritttf,
ffi fangumem evocandum. For it is not with
men as it is With beafts, which can ftir up cou-
rage in themfelves, as I have before fhewed :
For men in refpect of fear and faint courage ,
are hardly provoked to fight, therefore had
they need to be drawn on and provoked there-
to.

He beareth Argent,
a Cheveron engrailed
between three Trum-
pets, Sable, by the
Name of Thunder. This
Coat -Armour ftandeth
in a Glafs-window in St.
Peter's Church in T)ro-
gheda in Ireland. God
himfclf vouchfafed to
give direction to Mofes
for the making of this kind of Inftrument,fay-
ing, Make thee two Trumpets of Jilver, of an
whole piece /halt thou make them , that thou
mqyefl ufe them for the Afembly of the Congre-
gation , and for the departure of the Camp,
Numb. 10.12. slid ibid. 14. But if ye blow
an Alarm , then the Camp of ' them that pitch
on the Eafl part Jball go forward. Ibid. 1 y.
If ye blow an Alarm the fecond time, then
the hofte of them that lie on the South fide
Jhall march ; for they fljall blow an Alarm
when they remove. So that the found of the
Trumpet is but as the loud and far-reaching
voice of the General : and though the Trum-
pet fight not, yet it doth more than many
others , becaufe it encourageth them to the
fight.

K k

244

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Seft. IV.

ill

1 ti

He beareth Ruby, 3
Clarions, Topaz. This
is the Coat-Armour ot
the Right Honourable
jMwEarl of Bathe,Vik.
'Greenvile of Landf-
down, Baron Greenvile
of Kilhampton 8c Bfdi-
/W.LordWarden of the
Stanneries, High Stew-
ard of the Dutchy of Cornwall, Lord Lieute-
nant of the Counties of Cornwall and Devon
Governourof Tljmmtb, Groom of the Stool,
firft Gentleman of his Ma jetties Bedchamber,
and one of his Mayflies moft Honourable Privy
Council, &c. . . ., ,

Thefe Clarions are fometimes deicribed
Refts- but whether they be underftood to be
the Rudder, or from the Name to be a thing
whereon to reft their Launces, I know not; but
am rather induced to believe them to be Inftru-
ments ufed in Battel and Tournaments, as we
do Trumpets : For I find Robert Conjul s Coat,
bafe Son to Henry the firft , blazoned Clarions
of thefe very colours : And in many old De-
fcriptions of Tilting, we find the Knights to
come in with Clarions founding before them.

He beareth Azure,
three Fluits in Bend ,
Argent. This Instru-
ment feemeth to have
been invented, for the
quiet fettling and com-
pofing the Souldiers
minds before the fight.
And fome fuch did the
Lacedemonians ufe,who
(faith Tlutarch ) being
ready to joyn Battel, did firft Sacrifice, and
then all adorned with Garlands fung a Martial
Song , their King marching with the whole
Army in admirable quiet and compofed order.
But the Sybarites were not fo happy in the ufe
of fuch mufick ; for themfelves being altoge-
ther given to wantonnefs and pleafure,all their
Gentry taught their Horfes to dance at the
found of Mufical Inftruments ; which their E-
nemies having notice of, being then in the
Field and ready to joyn , they commanded a
noife of Mufick in the Front of the Army to
found, whereupon the Sybarites Horfes fell
all a dancing , and overthrew their Riders ,
whereby their Enemies departed Conquerours.
And thus much for Inftruments of Military Or-
der, either for eye or ear.

CHAP. XIV.

TH E next are fuch things as ferve for
execution of order, which is the final
end for which Military ProferTion is in-
ftituted , viz. propulfation , or revenge of
wrong , or for foiling the wrong-doer , re-
fufing to give fatisfafiion to the party grieved.
And as in the Law Politick, fo in this Law Mi-
litary, Execution is reckoned the foul thereof.
To the accomplifhment of execution of order ,
fundry forts of weapons are requifite : fome
invafive or offenfive, others defenfive ; the one
to proted our felves, the other to impeach our
foes. And of thefe invafives will we fpeak in
the firft place ; beginning with thofe which we
call Mi ffilia , fuch as are caft or forced by
ftrength of hand, or flight of Engine : and after
we will come to fuch as are manual.or managed
with the hand.

He beareth Argent,
a Culvcring difmounted
in Fefs, Sable, by the
Name of Leigh. Before
the invention of Guns ,
many forts of weapons,
as well invafive as de-
fenfive were devifed ,
which ( faith Munfter )
by the fpace of every
hundred years have ad-
mitted alteration twice or thrice , like as alfo
the Armour wherewith our bodies are covered
and fenced. But one faith that it was the De-
vil himfelf, who invented this hellifh Inftru-
ment for confufion of mankind. Indeed it
was a Monk who firft invented Gun-powder.
And I have read, that the firft founder of thefe
huge great Peeces was himfelf flain with the
breaking of one of them. A certain Captain
was wont to call the mouth of the great Gun
Hell-mouth ; and faid, that he who trembled
not when one of them thundred, did fear nei-
ther God nor the Devil.

There are divers forts of thefe kind of Guns,
but I fliall only Ihew you an Example of bear-
in of one other fort of them called Chambers;
of which you may here fee three born with
an interpofition of one Ordinary furmounted of
another between them.

ua^,

Chap.XLV.

A Difylayof Heraldry:

>45

Hebeareth Argent, a
Cheveron , Sable , fur-
mounted of another,
Ermyn, between three
Chambers, placed tranf-
verfe the Eicocheon of
the fecond,fired, proper,
by the Name of Cham-
bers.

Whether the invention hereof were behove-
ful and neceifary , or ( as others reckon it )
moft pernicious and dev.Hifii, I will not take
upon todifpute, but referr you to Seba Shan
timtfer, lib. I of his Colograf by , where
hemaketh mention o( Bertholdus Swart z the
Monk that firft devifed them , Anno T>om.

The Field is Saphire ,
three murtheringChain-
fhots,Topaz. This Coat-
Armourwas born by the
Right Honourable the
Earl of Cumber land, next
to his Paternal Coatjand
it is thought to be an
augmentation. Some
have taken thefe to be
the heads of Clubs cal-
led Holy-water fprinkles ; other fuppofe them
to be Balls of Wild-fire; I rather think them
to be fome murdering Chain-fhot. Amadaus
Duke of Savoy gave two ftaves topt with Wild-
fire, with this word Ja&Je crefcimut.

He beareth Argent,
a Fefs, Sable, three O-
greffes or Pellets in
Chief, proper , by the
Name of Langley.

There I tell not the
Colour of thefe Ogrelfes
or Pellets, becaufe they
be always Sable , as fhall
be rnore plainly Ihewed
in the conclufion of this
fourth Section.

He beareth Argent,
a Fefs, Sable , two Pel-
lets in Chief, and one
Martlet of the fecond in
Bafe. This was the
Coat-Armour of Henry
Lee, one of the Captains
of the City of London.
How proper it is for a
Martial Commander to
bear in his Armorial Enfigns fuch Military In-
ftruments, I (hall not need to prove by ftrength
of Argument , dim res if [a loquitur.

He beareth Argent,
on a Fefs,Gulcs,bttweeti
two Matches kindled ,
proper, a Martlet, Or.
This Coat-Armour per-
taineth to the Family of
Leet of Soul boo in Hun-
tmgtovjhire , defcended
from the Leets of Saf-
\folk. To this head muft be referred all other
the appurtenances of great and fmall Ord-

nance, as Scoups,
Touch-boxes, Sec.

Ladles, Spunges, Flafques,

Hebeareth Argent, a
Swepe, Azure, charged
with a Stone, Or, by the
Name of Magnall. This
was an Engine of warr,
in fafhion feeming like
to that which the Brew-
ers ufc to draw water
withal , and therefore
we call it a Swepe as
they do. With this En-
gine they ufed in ancient time to throw great
ltones into the Towns and Fortifications of the
Enemy. Some fuch InQrument did ZJzziah
Ring of Jerusalem u(e among many others for
the defence of the City againft the affaults of
the Thilifiims, as appeareth where it is faid ,
And he made very Artificial Engins in Jerufa-
lem , to be fet upon the Towers and upon the
Corners to poot Arrows and Stone s,f$c. Thefe
are called Engines for the ingenious and witty
inventions of them,wherein former Ages were
fo exquifite, as that Archimede could draw up
the enemies Ships from the Water.

The Field is Pearl t
three battering Rams,
Barr-ways , proper ,
headed, Saphire, armed
and garnifhed , Topaz.
This is the Paternal
Coat-Armour of the
Right Honourable Ro-
bert Berty Earl ofLind-
fey, Baron WiUoughby of
Eresby , Lord Great
Chamberlain of England , Gentleman of the
Bedchamber, and Privy Counfellor to his Ma-
jefty King Charles the Second, and Lord Lieu-
tenant of the County of Lincoln, Sec.

This Coat is alfoborn by his Lordfhips Bro-
ther by another venter , the Right Honoura-
ble James Lord Norris, Baron of Rycot in Ox-
fordjhire, &c. As alfo by Capt. Ber-
tue of Secretary to

the Right Honourable Thomas Earl of Latimer,
Lord High Treafurer of England.

This

246

A Difylay of Heraldry.

Seft.IV.

This battering Ram was a warlike Instru-
ment much ufed by the Romans, when they be-
fieged any City or Hold with purpofe to fur-
prize them. Such an Engine (amongft divers
others) didTitus Vefpatianus ered againft the
City of Jerusalem , which were by Jojephus
and his AiTociates confumed with fire. Such
is the force of this Engine, as that there is no
Tower fo ftrong , or Circuit of a Citie fo fpa-
cious, but if that they refift the firft brunt
thereof, through often ufe they will be fub-
verted.

He beareth Ermyn ,
a Crofs-bow , bent in
Pale,Gu!es, by the name
of Arblafter, quafi Ar-
cubalifla. This Inftru-
ment MilitaryfTaith 'Po-
lydore~) was firft devifed
by the Cretians. And in
former Ages was called
in Latin Scorpio ; and
out of this they' ufed to
lhoot ftones,as Ammianas Marcellinus noteth,
laying, Et Scorpiones quocunque matms periti
duxtffent, roiundos Lapides evibrabant.

He beareth Ermyn ,
three long Bows bent in
Pale,Gules,by the Name
of Bowes. This kind
of Bow is called in La-
tin Areas, ab areendo ,
of keeping the Enemy
aloof, and not permit-
ting him to approach
near to us,by darting(as
it were) out of the Arrows , whereby we do
gall, wound or kill them afar off. This is a
Military Instrument of the Miffile fort, and that
not of the meaneft rank , if we considerately
perufe the Hiftories of former Ages; for we
fhall find more Set-battels fought, and famous
Victories atchieved by Englifh men with Bows
and Arrows, than any Nation of Cbriftendom
hath obtained by any one Inftrument whatfoe-
ver, without exception. But this weapon 3-
lone fufficeth not of it felf to perform any acti-
on, but with the Arrows aflittance , whereof
you have an Example in this next Efcoche-

He beareth Azure,
three broad Arrows,Or,
by the Name of Archer-
and is the Coat-Armour
of Thomas Archer of
TJmberflade in the
County of Warwick ,
Efq.

Gules , three broad Arrows, Or , feathered
and headed, Argent, by the Name of Bales,
a Family of good Antiquity in Kent , where
now refideth Sir Edward Hates of Titnfiall,
Baronet. Sir Robert Hales of Beaksborne ,
Baronet, and Edward Hales of Chilftone in
BoUon-Malherb, Efq.

The Arrow is called in Latin Sagitta ( as
fome do conceit it ) quafi [at is itlus, for that
it annoyeth and galleth the Enemy farr enough
off, fo as he cannot approach the Archer to en-
dammage him, becauie by the fmart delivery
of the Bow the Enemy is put to hazard a
great way off: others would have it called (and
not unaptly) quod fagax fit ictus ejus , for that
the fame being directed by the hand of a cun-
ning and skilful Archer doth cleave the pinn or
mark oftentimes in two, though the fame be
but of a fmall fcantling.

He beareth Sable,a Che-
veron engrailed between
3 Arrows,Argent,by the
Name of Former ; and is
the Coat of Sir Hum-
phrey Forfler of Alder-
mafton in Barkfliire ,
Baronet.

The Arrow is reckoned one of the number
of weapons deftinated to avengement, as ap-
peareth Deut. 32.42. I will make mine Ar.
rows drunk with blood ( and my [word Jhall
eat flefli) with the blood of the Jlain and of the
Captains,when I begin to take -vengeance of the
Enemy.

Sometimes you fhall find both thefe Martial
weapons born together in one Efcocheon, as in
this next appeareth.

The Field is Sable,
two long Bows bent in
Pale , the firings coun-
terpofed , Or, between
as many fheaves of Ar-
rows, banded, Argent.
This Coat ftandeth in
Kirton Church in Dc-
vonfinre. This fort of
bearing may fignifie a
man refolved to abide the uttermoft hazard of
Battel, and to that end hath furnifhed himfelf
to the full, as well with Inftruments of Ejacu-
lation, as alfo of retention. The Bow and Ar-
rows in former Ages have won more glory to
this Kingdom than any other fort of Souldiery
whatfoever, as the renowned Victories ob-
tained in France do well teftifie. There is yet
another form of bearing of Arrows diverfe
from thefe, as in Example.

Chap.XiV.

A Difplay of Heraldry;

247

He beareth Argent,
a Quiver, Gules, banded
and replenifhed with
Arrows , Or , between
three Pheons , Sable.
This Coat was quartered
by Lloyd of Hollyrood
Jimpney in the County
of Glocefler. It was a
cuftome amongft the
Terjians, when they went to warfare, every
man to caft an Arrow into a Cheft ordained
for that purpofe, and placed before the Throne
of their King : and at their return every one
to take his own ihaft , that fo by the number
of the Arrows remaining, the number of the
deceafed might be certainly known.

The Field is Argent,
twoBarrs, Sable, on a
Canton of the Second, a
Pheonof thefirft. This
was the Paternal Coat-
Armour of Sir John
Bingley, Kt.

ThePheonisthehead of an Inftrument of
the MiiTile fort , which we call a Dart , the
fame being a long and light ftaff headed after
this manner , and having a thong faftened to
the middeft thereof, for the more fleighty and
ftrong forcing the fame againft the Enemy to
keep or annoy him afar off. This is called in
Latin Jaculum, quia e longinquo jaciatur ; it

Eierceth fpeedily, and maketh a large wound ,
y reafon of the wide-fpreading barbs thereof.
The bearing of Pheons is both ancient and
commendable.

He beareth Argent ,
a Fefs between three
Pheons , Sable , by the
Name of Raw don or
Raudon ( for I find it
written both ways, and
that anciently. This is
a Torkjhire Family, and
was refident at Rawdon
or Roudou, as appeareth
by divers Deeds in the
time of Richard the Second, Henry the Sixth,
and Henry the Eighth.

He beareth Sable,, a
Fefs, Ermyn , between
three Pheons, Argent ,
by the Name of Eger-
ton. This is the Pater-
nal Coat - Armour of
Randolph Egerton of
Betley in Staffordjlnre ,
Efq; firft Lieutenant and
Major of his Majelties
own Troop of Guards,
under the Command of his Grace James Duke
of Monmouth.

The Field is Argent ,
on a Fefs , Gules , be-
tween three Pheons ,
Sable , a Lion paffant,
Or. This was the Coat-
Armour of Marmaduke
Rowdon , one of the
Captains of the City of
Lond on. And now this
next Example will fhew
you a Charge fomewhat
like unto this Pheon ; yet differeth it much
from it in name, and in the fafhion alfo, if you
obferve it with a curious eye , as it well be-
cometh a good Blazoner to do.

He beareth Vert, on
a Cheveron , Argent, 5
barbed Arrow-heads ,
Sable , by the name of
Kemys ; and is now
born by Sir Charles Ke-
mys of Kevenmabley in
Glamorganff/ire , Baro-
net.

And hitherto of Mi/Tils : we now come to
Manuals. Weapons Manual are fo called, be-
caufe manu tractantur , they are managed by
the hand ; when by the ufe of them we do
alfail our foes , or put away proffered wrong ,
by encountering or grapling with them at han-
dy ftrokes. Such are thefe that follow , and
their like.

248

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Sed.1V.

He beareth Argent ,
a Sword in Pale, by the
Name of T>ymock. The
Sword is a weapon fitted
for execution and ven-
geance, as we may fee
Tleut. 32. 41. If I whet
my glittering Sword ,
and mine hand take hold
on judgment, I will ren-
der vengeance to mine
enemies, and will reward them that hate me.
Furthermore it isfaid, Jer. 46. 10. For the
Sword jhall devour, and it fliaU be fatiate
and made drunk with their blood; for the
i rd God of Hosls hath a Sacrifice tn the
l^nhCuuntrey by the River Perath.

The Field is Gules,
three Swords in Pale ,
Argent, an Inefcocheon
of the fecond , charged
with a finifter hand cou-
ped at the wrift as the
firft. This was the Pa-
ternal Coat-Armour of
Sir Symon Clark of Sal-
ford in the County of
Warwick , Knight and
Baronet, fometime Cofferer to King James ,
who deriveth his defcent from AnketeU de
Wood-Church in the County of Kent.

He beareth Gules ,
three Swords conpyned
at the Pomels in Fefs,
their points extended
into the corners of the
Efcocheon , Argent , by
the Name of Stafleton.
The Galateans in ftead
of ordinary Swords,ufed
a kind of two-handed
or baftard long-fword ,
which they faftned with Chains to their right
fides. A like manner of faftning our Swords
to our right fides was in ufe with our Horfe-
men in England in the time of King Edward
the Third, as may be feen by the great Seal
then ufed. It is a reproachful thing for a
Knight to be difarmed of his Sword in Battel ;
Quiafigladio fpoliaretur, omnem perderet ho-
nor em militia Trivilegium.

He beareth Azure ,
three Swords , one in
Pale point upward, fur-
mounted of the other
two,placed Saltire-ways
points downward , Ar-
gent, by the Name of
Norton. A certain La-
conian , when his Son
found fault with his
Sword that it was too
ftiort, made his Antwer,Idcirco parvum datur
forti viro, ut addat grejfum ; Therefore » a
Ihort Sword given to a man of courage , that
he may lengthen the fame with a ftep. Mean-
ing thereby, that becaufe his Sword was iliort,
he fhould approach fo much the nearer to his
Fjiemy, and fo might he make the fame long
enough ; fo may he buckle with him hand to
hand, and perhaps wreft the weapon out of
the Adverfaries hand, to his great credit: Glo-
riofum entm eflviBoria genus, ab eo cum quo
dec en as Arma caper e , It is a praife- worthy
thing for a man to bereave or defpoi! his ene-
my ol his Arms or Weapons ; yea, fo glorious
is it reckoned , as that many men having pof-
felled themfelves with their enemies weapons,
either by furprize or flaughter , have ufed the
fame and none other all the days of their life;
as appeareth (in part) 1 Maccab. 3. 12. So
Judas took their (polls , and took alfo Apolo-
niusV Sword, and fought with it all his life
long.

Which is a good Sword Seneca fliewcth in
thefe words , Gladium bonum dices , non cut
deauratus eft baltheus , nec aii vagina gem-
mis diilinguitur , fed cui ad fecandum fubtilis
eft acies.

He beareth Sable , 3
Swords in Pale , two
with their points down-
ward, and the middle-
moft upwards , by the
name of Rawline.
There are befides thefe
divers other forms of
bearing of Swords, as
three Swords points in
point , in Bend , Barr,
&c. I find another Coat of like Charge and
Name , but diverfly born from this ; as by Ex-
ample appeareth in this next Efcocheon.

Chap. XIV.

He beareth Gules, j
Swords extended Barr-
ways , their points to-
wards the dexter part
of the Efcocheon, Ar-
gent, the Hilts and Po-
inds, Or, Ly the Name
of Chute, and is the
boring of Chaloner
Chute of the Vine in
Hantjhire, Efq. a wor-
thy Succeffor of his Fathers Vermes, who was
a Gentleman of much eminence and knowledge
in his practice of the Laws.

The Field is Sable ,
three SwordsBarr-ways,
their points towards the
fimfter part of the Ef-
cocheon , Argent , the
Hilts and Pomels, Or,
a Creffant for a differ-
ence, by the Name of
Rawly us ; and is the
Coat of Thomas Raw-
_ .„ , r ftwof Kilreege in the

Parifh of Langarrau in Hereford/lire Efq-

T h ^9°, a ?, is £ lfo born b y Robm Rwlyns of
the Middle Temple, Efq;

As touching the invention of Swords To*

lydore VirgMth their ufe was found out by the

Lacedemonian. The Romans in their Saturna-

Iian Feafts , amongft other Exercifes ufed thej

game of Sword-plaj ing.to the end that in time

of Peace they being accuftomed to behold

Fighting, Wounds, and Swords, might be the

lefs drfcouraged, when they fee the feats of

Arms in the Field againft the Enemy • and

therefore the Chieftain or General of the Hofte

was to exhibit to the people a game of Fence or

Sword-playing.

The Field is GuJes, a
Crofs between four
Swords, Argent, the Po-
mels and Hilts,Or. This
Coat was given to Sir
John Thilifot Kt. fome-
time Lord Maior of
London (and ufed with
his ancient Arms, which
are Sable , a Bend, Er-
. myn) for a Coat of Aug-
mentation. For this Sir John Thil&ottWL

r2t*T/ et , f 7 th 3 FIeet of Sh 'P S in the
Year 1378 (which was 111 the fecond year of
King Richard the Second) and Wed the
Seas, at that time fo forely krfbfted with Pirats
that the Merchants Ships could not traffick in

forth That he like agoodTatriot of Hs Conn-
trey [^prized John Mercer a Scott m Rover
and all the Rabble of his Adheren s, bTfidSs

A D iff lay of Heraldry.

249

fifteen Sail of Spanifh Ships richly freighted
■with Merchandize, which they had talc n us
prize, whereof he made no other ufe but to
give Jupply to bis Sovereign ; for he maintain-
ed one ihoufmd men in the Kings wars in
t ranee and performed many pious and lauda-
ble worts in his lifetime, and ordained many
more by hts lafl Will extant m the Reviflers of
Hoytling, London. King Richard the Second
rewarded his good Service with a grant of for-
ty pounds of yearly Revenue o f Land efcheat-
ed tothe Crown, yet in the poffeffiori of Sir
John Thiliptt his next Heir in Thilpott-Lane
in London; and made him Knight in Smithfield
when he rewarded Sir William Walworth
Major of London with that Order at the fame
time, when he vanquimed that arch -Rebel of
Kent, Wat Tyler. He buildcd a fair Chappel at
h;s Mannor of Granch in GiUingham in Kent
\ which Mannor is a Member of the Cinque
\ Torts, which he bequeathed to his fecond Son,
from whom defcended Captain Thomas Thili-
\pott, that valiantly maintained a Challenge in
the Low Countries againft Captain Debee that
had wickedly depraved our late Queen Eliza-
beth, and flew the faid Debee in the Angle
Combat. And from another Son of Sir John
Fhilipott is defcended Captain Thomat Thili-
pottoi ApJlou.HaUmHertfordfhire, not farr
from HoodballThilipotts, the ancient Seat of
this Family , who by following the wars in
Queen Elizabeths days at an expenfive rate,
was conftrained to alienate thofe Lands. Sir
John I hi lipott, now one of the Juftices of the
LommonT 'lens in Ireland, but born in Kent
is branched from thofe of GiUingham afore-
faid. I have feen fome Evidences which do
perfwade roe to believe that the Lands now
belonging to Sir John Thilipott , the chief of
this Houle at Stepney nigh London, came to
his Anceftors by marriage with the fifter of
Thomas Becket Archbifhop of Canterbury.
The Swords are the trueft Emblems of Milita-
ry Honour, and flwuld incite the Bearers to a
juft and generous purfuit of Honour and Ver*
tue in War-like ways, efpecially when they
intend the defence of the Chriftian Faith de-
noted fufficiently in the Crofs, as here in' this
Coat. Much might be fpoken here of the
bearing of the Sword, it being an Emblem of
Government and Juftice, and born before the
King, God's Lieutenant; and in other places
to honour Lieutenants to the King's Majefty •
But of a bearing fo apt to be difplaied I need fay
no more. J

L 1

250

A Difpiay of Heraldry.

Sea.iv-

Hebeareth Azure, a
Curtelax in bend, pro-
per, garnifhed.Or. This
Coat pcrtaineth to the
Fam,ly of Tatnall in
the County of Chefler ;
and is now born by
William Tatton of Wi-
thetilhaw, Efq. The
old Britains our Ancc-
flors,were wont to wear
a fhort and broad Sword; fo did the Spartans
alfo, whom, when one of their Enemies moc-
ked for focurted a Weapon , it was replied ,
That it was not fo Jljort , but it could reach
into their hearts as often as they met in the
Field.

He beareth Azure ,
three Launces in Bend ,
Or, armed, Argent , by
the Name of Carlowe.
It was a cuftom amongft
the Romans, when they
did undertake any law-
ful wars, after denial of
reftitution demanded of
things unlawfully ta-
ken, or fatisfaclion for
wrongs offered , that the King of Arms (to
whom the denouncing of Battel and Defiance
did properly appertain ) fhould amongft other
Ceremonies, throw a Spearheaded with Iron,
imbrued with blood, and fcorched with fire ,
into the Soil of that people againft whom fuch
warr was denounced ; to notitie unto them, that
they would feverely profecute them with
fire and force for the wrong by them commit-
ted.

He beareth barrey of
fix, Argent and Gules ,
three Crefcents, Ermyn,
on a Chief of the fecond
two Launces in Saltire ,
their heads broken off,
Or. This was the Coat-
Armour of William
Watfon Efq. fometime
Keeper of the Store of
the Ordnance , as well
of thofe in the Tower of London, as of thefe be-
longing to the Navy; who was Grandfather
to thofe five Brothers, viz. William Watfon of
Frendesbury in the County of Kent; John
Watjon of Wolfett in Suffolk ; Richard and
Norton Watfon both of London ; and Thomas
Watfon one of the Clerks of his Majefties Court
of Kings Bench.

He beareth Argent,
on a quarter , Gules, a
Spear in bend,Or,by the
Name of Knight , Hy-
bern. It was the man-
ner of the Romans to
beftow Spears upon the
valiant and well defer-
ving Souldiers in recom-
pence of their acceptable
lervice performed. To
this end and purpofe (as Feflw Tompeius fup-
pofeth) becaule the Spear is the perfection ot
Martial Affairs and Imperial Junidi£hon 1 : ami
for that it was a cuflome to make fale ot Cap-
tives under the fame ; as alfo to make them,
and fuch Souldiers as had tranfgreiled the Mili-
tary Discipline (whereupon they were farm-
ed of their Military Belt , and received the ig-
nominious name of T>ifci«£ttj to pafs the
yoke - thelirft, for that they were brought in-
to fubjedion by force ; the other, for tranf-
E relIion of the Laws M.htary.

This yokeconfiftethof three Spears where-
of two were pitched upright, and the third
was bound crofs-ways to them both ; un ier this
yoke were both enforced to pafs, that their re-
proach might be the greater.

Before a man fhall go about to buckle with
his enemies, it behoveth .that the Army be
fully furnifhed, and provided with a 1 k>rts oi
MilitaryProvifions both defenfive and offcnfive,
■1 by the example of Vzziah King of Judah ; ot
" whom itisfaid, „ , r , ■ .

Uzziah had alfo an hofte of fighting wen that
went out to warr by bands according to the
count of their number under thehana of Jeiel,
&c

'And Uzziah prepared them throughout all
the hofte Melds , and [pears, and helmets, an J
brigandmes, and bows, and flows to fling, z
Chron. 26. 1 1, 14.

He beareth Argent,
three Spears heads,
Gules, a Chief, Azure.
This Coat-Armour be-
longeth to Robert Reyce
of Prefton in the County
of Suffolk, Efq; a wor-
thy Gentleman , whofe
great charge and care in
collecting and prefer-
ving the Antiquities of
that County merits a large Encomium. The
Spears heads being apt and ready to pierce ac-
cording to the opinion of fome Authors beto-
keneth a dexterity and nimblenefs of wit to
penetrate and underftand matters of higheft
confequence.

As concerning the quantity or weight ot
Spears heads, we find them in all Agesanfwer-
able to the ftrength of the perfons that were

Chap. XIV.

A D iff lay of Heraldry,

2«I

to manage them : So we read that tl
head of Golias

__ Sp.'ar-

...... thattencountred with \David,

weighed fix hundred Shekels of Iron,\vI,ich was
correspondent to his Spear, that was refcm-
bled for bignefs to a Weaver's beam ; as alio
to the hugenefs of his Stature, which was fix
Cubits and ahauds breadth, i Sam. 17. 4. Ai-
fo we read of Ifibibaiob the fon of Harafhah
(of the race of the Giants) iehoje bead of
Jpear weighed three hundred fljekels of brajs ,
even he being girded with a nezv Jzvord
thought to have flam David.

Argent, on a Chief,
Vert, two Spears heads
of the Field , gutte de
fvig , by the Name of
Erodrick ; and is the
Paternal Coat-Armour
of Sir Allen Brodrick of
Wandfwortb in the-
County of Surrey, Kt,

He beareth Sable, a
Cheveron between 3
Spears heads, Argent ,
their points embrucd ,
proper, by the Name of
Morgan. Alexander the
great compared an Ar-
my without a good Cap-
tain to a Spear without
a ftrong head : for that
as the lhaft of the Spear
could have little force without the head,

though it be much larger than it ; fo the great-
eft Army can litrie avail without the fore-
guidance of a valiant Leader.

Now I Hull , I hope , without any great
breach of Method , demonstrate the bearing
in Armory of fomc part of a Tilt-fpear or
Tilt-Stave , call it which you pleafe : which
kind of weapon or inftrument , although it be
not of any ufe in the wars j yet the well man-
aging thereof maketh a man the more expert
for Military Service on Horsback , and there-
fore may challenge to be ranked among Mar-
tial weapons managed with the hand.

He beareth Sable , a
Cheveron, Ermyn, be-
tween three Cronels of
a Tilt-fpear, Argent, by
the Name of Wtfeman.
Thefe Cronels or Coro-
nets (_ for I find them
called by both thefe
names) are the Iron
heads of Tilt-fpears, or
Tilt-ftaves, which ufu-
ally have fix or eight Mourns (Torfo are thofe
little piked things called which are on the top
or head of this Cronel or Coronet) three of
which appear in each of thefe , the other
three which are not here feen , cannot be de-
i monftrated by the Art of Cutting or painting,
j Some have termed, or rather miftermed thefe
Cronels, Burrs ; for the confutation of which
Errour, I have caufed the true Figure of a Tilt-
, ftaff or Tilt-fpear to be here prefented unto
I your view without the Vamplet.

A (heweth unto you the Burr, which is a
broad Ring of Iron behind the hand , or place
made for the hand ; which Burr is brought un-
to the R.eft,when the Tilter chargeth his Spear
or Staff. B fheweth the hand , or place for

the hand. C demonftrateth the Cronel, Cro-
net, or Coronet, which occafioneth this Dif-
courfe ; and this next Figure maketh plain un-
to you what the Vamplet of a Tilt-fpear or
Tilt-ftaff is.

i This Vamplet demonstrated by the Letter! I the Tilters hand, and is taken off, and put on
D is of fteel , and is ufed for the fafeguard of 1 'to the Staff or Spear at pleafure.

L 1 2 And

2<?2

A Difplay of Heraldry.

SeSt. IV-

And for the further clearing of this point it
is exprelfed in the Charge, from the Matter of
the Armory to the Yeoman of the Tilt-ftaves,
thus,

Serviceable -

Tilt-ftaves withCoronets<
and Burrs <

Unferviceable

( Serviceable.

Vamplets < To be repaired.

/ Unferviceable. -

Expreffing the particular numbers of every of
them.

And in an ancient Book remaining in the Of-
fice of Arms, I find Wijemaifs Coat blazoned,
a Cheveron between three Cronels.

I could here, if it would fuit with my in-
tended brevity, enter into a large Difcourfe of
the Noble and Knight-like exercife of Tilting,
which is the School of Chivalry and Horfe-
manihip, without the knowledge whereof the
Horfeman in the wars can do little good fer-
vice.

Tilting is called Eippomachia from the Greek
words Itt><, i. Equus, and fwjji, i. pngna: it is
alio called by the Latines Ludiu milttam , or
Ludus Trojz ; for Troy was the place where it
was firft invented , as fome are of opinion.

Divers Statutes and Ordinances have been
made by the Commandments of former Kings
of this Realm concerning Royal Jufts and Tilt-
ings within this Kingdom, which do fufficient-
ly prove their former ufe to have been more
frequent than now they are; and it is much to
be wilhed that this Royal and Honourable ex-
ercife m'ght be more frequently practifed, to
which none are to be admitted as Actors by the
ancient Ordinances,but fuch as are well known
unto the King of Arms of that Province where
it is to be performed , to be Gentlemen of
Coat-Armour, Blood , and Defcent : But no
more of this at this time, which deferveth ra-
ther a Volume than a Page , for fetting out its
due commendation and antiquity.

He beareth Argent,
three Bills in Pale.Sable,
by the Name of Gibbs.
Thefe are taken by
fome to be 'Danijh
Hatchets. To this
Head muft be referred
all Glaves, Partizans ,
Clubs, Pole-axes, and
whatfoever other Wea-
pons of like kind, wherewith we do either
affailorrepulle our Enemies by encountering
them at handy ftrokes. The brown Bill is a
notable weapon for execution, and hath been of
great ufe in Military Services, but now near
amputated, if not altogether, fince the Muf-
ket and Caliver have come in ufe.

He beareth Sable ,
three Scaling Ladders in
Bend , Argent , by the
Name of Shtpftowe.

To this Head muft all other Martial Inftru-
ments of thefe natures (not hitherto handled)
be reduced, whether they pertain to order and
direction , or elfe to execution , and beftowed
under their particular Heads , according to
their propriety of their feveral kinds.

CHAP. XV.

OF weapons invafive or offenfive wc
have formerly difcourfed : Now come
we to the handling of the other mem-
ber, comprehending weapons defenfive born
in Coat-Armour. Of thefe fome dofervefor
defence only, others ferve both for defence and
habit alfo. Of the former fort are fuch as next
enfue, and their like.

He beareth Argent,
three Efcocheons, Sable.
This was the Coat-
Armour of Sir John de
Loudham or Lowdham,
Kt. owner of the Man-
nor of Lowdham in
Suffolk in the time of
Edward the Third : It
is now quartered by the
before -mentioned Sa-
muel Jlleverhaffet Efq. now Lord of the fame
Mannor. Unto Dame Jone , the Relict of
this Sir John Loudham ,' did Sir Edmond de
Vfford Kt. brother of Robert de Vfford Earl
of Suffolk, Sir Robert Bacon Kt. and Robert
de 'PreBone, by their Deed with their feve-
ral Seals of their Arms thereunto affixed, re-
leafe in the two and fortieth year of Edward
the Third, their right in certain Lands, &c. in
Herkffeed, Holbroke, Wolf er Hon , and other
Towns in Suffolk.

Chap. XV.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

He beareth Or, a
Barrulet between two
barrs Gemews, Gules,
three Efcocheons, Vcr-
rey , by the Name of
Gam olle. This was the
Coat-Armour of Al.i-
flUS de GatnoU Kt. that
lived about the time ot
Edward the Third King
of England. By occafion
of which name I am put in mind of a Gentle-
man of the fame name, but of diverfe Family,
as may appear by his Coat- Armour, the fame
being Or , three Mallets , Sable ; of whom I
find mention in an Inquifition taken in the
County of Chefter, Anno 15. Edward. 3. in
htec -verba ; Compertum eft, quod Henricus Fi-
lipiham de Gamut tenet dimidiumunins feodi
mi litis in Storto;;, Sc. From whom is defcend-
ed Edmond Ganmll Ell]; one of the Aldermen
of the City of Chefter : whofe endeavours and
furtherance to the Commonwealth there defer-
veth a memorable recordation, as well in re-
fpecl of his particular actions , as the good
example he fhall leave to aftercomers of like
merit.

He beareth Or, three
Efcocheons barrey of fix,
Verrey and Gules , by
the Name of Mouuchen-
(ey. A Lacedemonian
Dame, having a fon en-
tring into Military Pro-
feffion, at his departure
gave him a Shield , and
therewithal ufed thefe
words, Fili nut hunc ,
aut fuper hunc. Thereby admonifhing him
briefly fo to bear himfelf in battel , that either
he fhould return with Victory , bringing his
Shield with him, or fhould valiantly die, and
fo be brought home dead upon the fame.
Touching figns in ancient times depicted upon
Shields, Vegetius hath thefe words ; Ne Mi-
lit ts aliquando in lumultupralij a contuberna-
libus aberrarent, diver [is cohort 1 bus diver/a
in [cutis figna pivgebant, qua tf[i nominabant
digmata, jicut etiam nuncmoris eft : Traterea
in adverfo fcuto uniufcujnjque Mtlitis Uteris
erat nomeu adfcriptum, addito ex qua effet co-
horte , quave Centuria. Thefe Shields are
"meerly for defence.

Touching the variety of Shields or defensi-
ble weapons and their ufes, we read that the
Roman Captains or Leaders had their light
harneffed Souldiers on foot, armed only with
Sword and Target, and were called Rorarij ■
whofe Office was with a light skirmifh to give
the firft onfet on the enemy , to fee if they
could force them to remove their firft ftation ,
and fo make way for the Horfmen , ficitt Ros

ante gelu , as the dew or moifi goeth before
thefroft, Alex. gen. dierum. lib. 6. fag. 369.

This fort of Souldiers were highly rewarded
of Kings, in regard of their bold adventure in
bearing the firft brunt of the battel. Of thefe
fome v\ ere called Tchad, becaufe they were
armed with a kind of Shield or Target like to
a Half-moon ; fome Cetraii, for that they were
armed with light Targets or Bucklers after the
Sfanijh or Africt fafhion.

Critis Alarms did prohibit his ^Souldiers the
bearing of Height and fmall Targets, in regard
of their unferviceable ufe.

After that Romulus had made a League with
Tatius King of the Sibines, the Romans lay-
ing afide the Grecian Shield (which formerly
they ufed ) afiumed the Sabine Shield ; and
Romulus did interchange Armours with the
Sabines, and continued the ufe of them . It is
a thing that hath been of fome men holden for
an infallible obfervation, that all Nations do
change (if not the form of Martial Difcipline)
their Military weapons at the leaft, once in the
fpace of an hundred years upon fome one occa-
fion or other.

Among the Germans it was holden a thing
fo ignominious for a man to lofe his Shield in
fight, as nothing could be more reproachful ;
infomuch as he that was found culpable there-
in was excluded from all Sacred Rites and Com-
mon Councils ; yea, fo odious was it holden
amongft them, as that many (having efcaped
the battel ~) were branded with this publick in-
famy, and being unable to fuftain fo great re-
proach, have hanged themfelves.

Amongft the Romans it was in ufe oftentimes
to lay their Children new born in Shields in-
ftead of Cradles ; becaufe they held it a prefagc
of future fortitude and valour in the Child.
So we read that Hercules, who exceeded all o-
ther of that.Agein Fortitude, wasrockedina
Shield.

A certain Lacedemonian skirmifhing with
his Enemy, and having his Sword drawn,
and fpying fome advantage thereto, was
minded to have run him through therewith
infiantly : the lign of retreat was given, where-
upon he forbare ; and being demanded why he
flew not his Enemy when it was in his power ;
he anfvvertd , Melius efl parere Imferatori ,
quam hoftem ocadere.

Moreover , as touching the Shield, we read
that it w as ufual to hang them up in Churches
inftead of Epitaphs, as is the ufe here amongft
us at this day, though not to that end, as is
gathered by the words of Trebellius Tollio in
the Hiftory of Claudius Cajar, where he faith,
Claitdium Trincipem Icquor, arils vita, fro-
bitas S omnia qute in Repnb. gefftt tantam po-
fteris famam dedere , ut Senatus populufque
Romanus nova earn hovortbus pofl mortem
affecerit. Illi C/ypeus aureus, velut Gram-
matia loqiiuntur , Clypeum aureum Senatus
totius Judicio m Romana Curia ccllatiim eft ,

254

A Biff lay of Heraldry.

Sed. IV.

ut etiam nunc videtur expreffa thoract vidtus
Imago. Lazius lib. 9.956.

Like as the Shield fcrved in the battel for a
defence and fafeguard of the body of Souldiers
againft blows and wounds : even fo in time of
peace, the fame being hanged up, it did fhield
and defend the owner againft the malevolent
detractions of the envious fort, who do labour
to deprave mens bell actions , they themfelves
never endeavouring any that were laudable ;
whereby they do verifie in themfelves that
moft true, and no lefs approved faying ot Lif-
Jius , Livor & invidia bonorum ofemm funt
impedimenta , ant venena : for if they cannot
hinder them from palling, they will labour to
corrode them with their venomous teeth of de-
traction after they be palfed. Bcfides, thefe
fhields which we call Arms fufpenfe, do (with-
al} not only polTefs, but alfo bcautifie the
room with a Military Ornament; wherein each
mans particular Arms are expreffed at this day,
and the Helmets and Crefts, confiding of
Crowns, Horns, and Wings of Fowls affixed
upon them, are placed above the fhields ; La-
zius lib. 9. 934.

Now will we exemplifie fuch as are for de-
fence and habit alfo.

He beartth Argent, a
Clofe Helmet, Gules, by
the Name of Kmgley.
It was the manner of
the Romans in their
warfare to cover the
Habergions and Head-
pieces of thofe that were
called Levis armaturic
milites, or light harnef-
fed Souldiers ( whether
they were Horfe or Foot ) with the skins of
Bears ; like as it was of the ancient Grecians
to cover their heads with Otters skins inftead
of Helmets ; and both of them to one end ,
namely, that thereby they fhould feem to be
more terrible and ghaftly in the fight of their
Enemies, and their Enemies eye being occu-
pied in admiration of the flrangenefs of fuch
habits, they might be the lefs able to attend
their fight, and fo (with more facility and lefs
danger to themfelves) be the more eafily over-
come.

He beareth Argent,
three Helmets with
their Bevers open,Sable,
by the Name of Mmiet.
The bearing of the Hel-
mets after thele feveral
manners (to wit) fome-
times clofe bevered, and
other whiles with their
Bevers open , have their
feveral intendments ;
thofe of Action, and thefe of Cellation. So

much briefly of their divcrfc bearing, as for the
prefent may fuffice. Of the reaions of fuch
their bearings I fliall have occalion to fpeak
hereafter more fitly , when I ihall treat of the
Atchievements of the particular flate of Dig-
nities.

He beareth Azure ,
three Helmets, Or, be-
tween 'two Barrs , Ar-
gent, by the Name of
Armiger ; and is the
Coat - Armour of Sir
Clement Armiger of
North-Creak in the
County of Norfolk; K.t.
as alfo of Gabriel Ar-
miger of the faid place,
and of the Inner Tetnple
London, Efq.

He beareth Diamond,
a Lion pailant gardant,
Topaz , between three
Helmets , Pearl. This
is the Coat-Armour of
the Right Honourable
James Earl of Nor-
thampton, Baron Comf-
ton of Comptor , Lord
Lieutenant of the Coun-
ty of Warwick, Confla-
ble of the Tower of
London , and one of the Lords of his Majefties
moft Honourable Privy Council, &c. of which
Family are feveral worthy Branches.

He beareth Gules ,
two Helmets in Chief,
Argent , and a Wheat-
flieaf in bafe, Or, by the
Name of Cholmeley- and
is the Coat of Sir Hv.gh
Chohneley of Whitby in
Torljhire, Baronet ; and
is alfo born by Thomas
Chohneley, or Cholmond-
ley , of Vale Royal in
Chcjhire, Efq.

He beareth Argent ,
on aBend,Gules,an Hel-
met in the dexter point,
Or , by the Name of
Trayton. The Helmet
thus placed, and being a
chief part of Military
habit , may rather feem
to be a reward for fer-
vice than an ordinary
charge , and of it felf
may betoken wifdom as well as valour ; as we
may gather by the ftatue or image of Minerva,
whom the Poets do fain to be the Goddefs of

Wifdom.

Chap. XV.

A DiftUy of Heraldry.

255

Wifedora, and all good Arts and Sciences;
which ltatue is evermore found to be adorned
with an Helmet on her head , which doth re-
present to our undemanding, not fo much the
iafegard and defence of the head from violence,
as alio that the fame is inwardly fraught with
wifedom* policy and reafon, and is- impenetra-
ble by force or guilefull pradice. The head fo
armed is fecurely fortified againft invahons,
and prepared for anfwering of all Qyeftions.
It well fitteth Martial men to difcourfe and Grig
of Battels and Victories , of Armour, Horfes,
and Military Exercifes ; as the Romans were
accuftomed to relate and fing of Victories, and
the memorable Exploits of worthy Warriors ,
according to that faying,

Navitade vends, de t maris narrat armor,
Enumerat miles vulnera, paftor oves.

The true Ornaments of Martial men are a
fluttered Shield, a dented Helmet, a blunted
Sword, and. a wounded face, all received in
battel.

The Field is Pearl,
a Cheveron , Ruby ,
between three Morions
or Steel Caps, Saphire.
This is the Paternal
Coat -Armour of the
Right Honourable Ro-
bert Earl of Cardigan ,
Baron BrudneU of
Stoitghton , ckc. This
Morion , Steel Cap or
Scull, was the ancient Armour for the head of
a Foot-man that ferved in the warrs ; it is cal-
led a Morion, quia, Mauri hujufmodi utebantur
cafjide. I confefs this Morion here demonftra-
ted differs in form from that which is now in
ufe : and becaufe no bearing in Coat-Armour
of a modern fafhioned Morion at this pre-
fent occurrsunto my memory , I havecaufed
one of them to be cut, as in this next Figure
you may fee.

The Field is Azure t
3 left-handed Gauntlets^
Or , by the Name of
Fane • and is the Coat-
Armour of the Honou-
rable Sir Francis Fane
of Fulbeck in Lincoln-
■[hire, Knight of the
Bath , fecorid foil to the
Right Honourable/rjs-
cis EaAoi'Weftmcreland,
Taiiormitanm maketh mention of one Duke
Reynard, who by an Herald fent a Gauntlet
unto Alfhonfa King of Aragoti, and withal
denounced him Battel; who willingly accep-
ted the fame, demanded of the Herald whether
he challenged him to fight with his Army , or
in fmgle Combate : who anfwered, Not with
his Army. Whereupon Alphonjtes aligned a
day and place for the purpofe , and came at
the prefixed time; but the Duke failed. Such
is the Law of Arms in cafe of (ingle Combat j
that the party defendant (hall appoint the time
and place for the performance thereof, as wit*
nefleth SfigeUiui in thefe words, Jure belli
licet provocato diem C S locum Trait] di-
cere. 1

This is to be uriderfloodin private Challen-
ges : for otherwife it is,where the Combatants
are fentenced by the publick Magiflrate to
fight; in which cafe, with us in England, the
time, place, and weapons are to be appointed
by Judges of that Court before whom the mat-
ter depends.

He beareth Argent ,
on a Pile, Azure , three
dexter Gauntlets of the
Field, by the Name of
Jollijfe ; and is the
Coat-Armour of John
Jollife of the City of
Loudon, Governour
of the Mujcovy Compa- '
By, defcended from the
Family of the Jolliffs of
Botham in Stafford/hire.
This Coat is alfo born by William Jollife of
Carjwall-Caflle in Stafford/hire aforefa'id,Efq;

Hfc beareth Gules ,
three dexter Arms vam-
braced and proper, by
the name of Anne(lrong.
Well do thefeArms thus
fenced agree with the
Name of the Bearer;
for then are the Arms
beft fitted for the per-
formance of high enter-
prifes, when they are
thus fortified and made ftrong againft all vio-
lent encounters s for by means thereof the

Soul-

256

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Sea. iv-

Souldiers are fo emboldened , as that nothing
can daunt them : in which refpedt men of fpr-
mer Ages reckoned Armour the members of
Souldiers, for that the ufe thereof is no lefs be-
hoveful for Military perfons , than are their na-
tural members.

He beareth Vert , a
Barr compony, Argent
and Azure , between 3
CuralTes of the fecond,
on a Chief, Argent, as
many Fermails or Buc-
kles as the third, by the
Name of Baldberny of
Scotland. The Curafs
is that part of Armour
that ferveth to iecure
thebrefts, bowels, and intrails of man againft
all force and violence whatfoever, from the
gullet of the throat to his loyns whereupon
they do chiefly reft. T)amaratus , a Noble
Captain of the Lacedemoiuans,be'mgdemmd-
ed why it was lawful for the Spartans in co-
ping with their Enemy to forlake their Hel-
mets and Curailes, but in no cafe to forgo their
Swords : he made anfwer, That thefe were
to guard their private perfons,but their Swords
ferved to fecure the Weal-publick. A man may
expofe himfelf to danger or to death, but may
not in any cafe leave his Religion, Prince, and
Country void of fuccour.

Concerning the dcfenfive furniture of mans
body we read, that anciently they were made
of linen cloth , of exceeding high proof
Such was that much famoufed linen Brigandine
of Amafis King of Z-gyff, whereof every thread
oonfifted of 560 other threads , wherein were
pourtraied and fet forth the forms and fhapes
of manifold forts of Animals ( that he ufed to
profecute in his accuftomed exercife of Hunt-
ing) in gold and divers coloured yarn. And
not only the furniture ordained for the fafety
of mans body were made of linen in thofe
days; but alfo the furniture of the Horfes ("of
fuch as were called CatafhraBi Equites ) as
their Bardings and Caparifons, were alfo made
of linen artificially wrought with barrs of I-
ron after the manner of feathers , and both of
them focurioufly intermix'd and platted toge-
ther, as that (in fine) itbecometha defence of
impenetrable refiftance againft any fort of
weapons : which kind of furniture was in ufe
with the Romans, not only for the fafeguard
of the Horfes , but alfo for the fafety and pre-
fervation of the CatafhraBi , or fuch as we
term men of Arms compleatly furnifhed Cap-
a-pe (as the French phrafe is) to withftand and
fuftain the (hock or brunt of the Enemy ,
by whom alfo the difcomfited forces have been
often repaired.

The Field is Ruby, 3
Legs armed, proper, con-
joined in Fe(s at the up-
per part of the thigh ,
Hexed in Triangle, gar-
nifhed and fpurred, To-
paz. This Coat is quar-
tered by the Right Ho-
nourable William Earl
of Derby, &C. In an-
cient time Souldiers that
either had fold or otherwife loft their Armour
by negligence, were (by a Military Law)pu-
nifhed with death, as he thaf runeth from his
Captain. Thus farr of Military furniture of
defence pertaining to men. Now fhall be touch-
ed fuch things as belong to Horfes of fervicc
for the field ; though fome of them are in com-
mon for other Horfes.

Of the firft fort are the Shafron , the Cra-
net, andtheBard , whereof I find no particu-
lar Examples of bearing fingleand apart, but
as they are born conjunct in the total furniture
of Horfes for the Field , as mall hereafter in
their due place be (hewed. I will here there-
fore fet forth fuch as are of ordinary and com-
mon ufe, as they are feverally born in Efcoche-
ons as followeth.

He beareth Gules, an
armed Leg couped at
the thigh in Pale, be-
tween 2 broken Spears,
Argent, headed, Or , by
the name of Gilbert ■
and is born by Henry
Gilbert of Lockoe in
Derlyftiire, Efq;

He beareth Argent,
threeSaddles ftirropped,
Sable. The Saddle is
of great ufe for all forts
of Horfmen, as well for
cafe in journeying, a*
for fure fitting: but moft
behoveful is the fame
for Martial men , that
ferve on Horsback in
the Field ; for that by

the means thereof, and of the Stirrops there-
to affixed , they may be able to fuftain the
mock of their Adverfary , as alfo the more
forcible to encounter him.

Chap. XVI. A Dtftlay of Heraldry.

He beafeth Argerit,
on a Cheveron, Sable,
five Horfe-lhoes , Or.
This is theCoat- Arrhour
of Sif Nicholas Cnfpe
of Homer jmith in Mid-
dlesex, Baronet. The
bearing of Horfe-lhoes
in Armory is very anci-
ent, as the Arms of Ro-
bert Ferrars, Earl Fer-
rars teftlfieth, who lived in the time of King
Stefhen, and bore for his Arms Argent , fix
Horfe-lhoes, Sable.

He beareth Or, a
Bend , Sable , charged
with three Horfe-lhoes,
Argent, by the Name
of Shoyfwelloi Sujfex.

To thefe may be added whatfoever other
parts of the furniture of Horfes fitting for the
•wars ; as Snaffles, Bitts, Bridles, and fuch o-
ther like tokens, whereby is fignified reftraint
of liberty , or fervile fubjection, as appeareth
where it is faid, After this now David Jmote
the Thilifiims and fubdued them, and he
took the Bridle of Bondage out of the hands of
the Thiliflims.

The Field is Gules,
a barded Horfe paffant,
furnilhed at all points
for the Field, Argent.

A Horfe thus furnilhed is fitted and prepared
fortheufeof aSouldierof that fort which we
call CatafhraBi Mtlites, or men at Arms, of
whom I mall make mention in the next Efco-
cheon. Not much unlike this is the Caparifon
■wherewith we ufe to fet out our Horfes prepa-
red for the Tilt , in our joyful Triumphs of
Peace. I read that it was a cuftome amongft
the Romans (as well in their lelfer as greater
Triumphs) that no man (but fuch as by Prero-
gative, either in refpect of fome honourable or
eminent place , or fpecial merit, were thereto
priviledged) might meet or accompany him
that triumphed on horsback, but altogether on
foot, which cuftome was of long time obferved
amongft them.

The Field is Gules,
a Chevalier armed at all
points Cap-a-pe , bran-
aiming his Sword aloft,
Argent, garnifhed, Or,
mounted on a bard-
ed Courfer furnilhed
throughout of, and as
the fecond. This Coat-
Armour ( according td
Bdra ) pertaineth to
the Dutchy of Lithuania.

Thefe were thofe Souldiers ftrongly armed
in fteel, called Cataphratti Equttes, which I
lately fpoke of: they were habited with Haber-
gions , which were either Coats of Mail or of
Plate ; and differed much from thofe that we
call Levis Armature Milites, in refpect of
the ponderous weight of their furniture, where-
by both themfelves and their Horfes were the
better inabled to receive the Ihock and ftrong
encounter of their enemy. Whofe Armour
were a Sallad or a Head-piece , their Shield ,
Graves and Brigantines , all of Brafs , their
Balfenctsor Sculls, Spears and Swords, like
thofe in ufe with Foot-men. Such was the
force of thefe Catafhratfi Milites ( or as we:
call them , men mounted upon barded Horfes)
as that they were able to endure the brunt of
the Enemies , and did oftentimes repair the
Forces of the trembling and diftruftful Ar-
mies.

CHAP. XVI.

HAVING in the two former Chapters
handled Artificials Military, both inva-
five and defenfive, I think it not much
amifs now a little to treat bf Trophies 8c tokens
of Martial Victory, and to Ihew you fome Em-
blems of Rewards for Victory obtained, born
in Coat-Armour, fince Victory and the hope
thereof fweetneth all thofe dangerous Travels
and intolerable Labours, which the brave Mar-
tial man joyfully runeth through , yea even to
the hazard of his life. Trophies (faith Lazi-
us~) are (foils forced from the conquered Ene-
my, all e'mbrued with Hood, and hanged Up
as they were upon the next Tree that could be
found to ft that piirfofe ; or elfe the conquering
Souldiers brought them home to their Hotifes ,
where they hanged them up upon fome Tole or
Tree called Gentilitia arbor, for a monument of
the encreafe of Glory that they had atchieved
to the Family by their valour. The like cu-
ftome (faith Wolf Laz.~) do we not only read
of in Thucydides ; but my [elf have feen and
obferved refrejented in ancient Coins, an Oak
having the limbs cut off, and upon the Jnaggs
thereof were hanged a German Cloak made of
M m Badgers

= 58

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Sea. iv.

Badgers skins (or juch other like) called La-
cerna Germanica ; two Shields , a Barbaria
'Pipe , and a German Enfign.

There was alfo another fort of Troplue,
when a man had fubducd his Enemies, the man-
ner was to exprefs the memory ot the victory
atchieved (as itwasacfed) in Letters engra-
ved and cut in ftone, together with the names
of the People and Kings that were vanquillied;
and this was ufually fet up m fome publick
place for the perpetuating of the memory of
fucli their famous conqueft to all Poftenties.
To this purpofe is that which Cicero mention-
eth ad Her en. Hie m Macedonia Tropica po-
(uit, eaque qua bellica laudis vifloriaque om-
mesgentes infiguia & monnmenta effe volueruut.
And fo is that place of 'Pliny, lib. jj r cap.z.
where he writeth that Pompey the Great eauf-
ed an Infcription ot a Troph'ie to be hefted
in the Pyrenean Mountains , Wolf. Lazius
lib. 9.^. .

The ancient Rewards for vidrory obtained in
thefield, born in Arms are Garlands, which
the Armorifts call Chaplets , and in Latin they
were anciently called Corona militum: ai A 01
thefc there then were divers forts, which were
conferred on the Victors, and were fignificant
demonftrations of the manner of the victory
obtained; for the ancient Bearers , Horfmen,
Captains and Lieutenants of Cities, Towns ,
and Ports, which had valoroufly fuftained and
indured the fiege of their Enemies, and were
delivered from them , were guerdoned in an-
cient times with a Garland of Grafs, called in
Latin Corona Graminea five obfidionaria;
which although it were made of Grafs ( being
the only herb that can be fuppofed to be found
in a place longbefieged) y et is the fame Gar-
land Gramine (as Pliny witneffeth) moft ho-
nourable and noble, and to be efteemed above
all others ; Gold, Pearl, Olive, Laurel, Palm,
Oak and Ivy, giving place to common Grafs,
that Royal Herb of Dignity.

He alfo that could prudently delay his Ene-
my, and preferve the Army committed to his
charge from lofs , without giving battel, was
wont to be rewarded with this kind of Gra-
mine Garland : fuch an one was Fabius Maxi-
ma!, Qui corona Graminea donatus fuit ab u-
niverfa Italia; quandoquidem non pugnando
fed cavendo rem Romanam reftituijfetJS exer-
citim fibi creditum confervaffet.

There was another fort of Chaplet called Co-
rona Civica, which among the Romans was in
efteem next to the Corona Graminea. And it
was made of Oaken leaves and branches, with
the fruit of Acorns hanging on it. This Gar-
land or Chaplet was given to him that had fa-
ved a Citizen when his life was in extream pe-
rill, killing his enemy, and making good the
place where the danger happened. And Pliny
maketh mention, that this fort of Chaplet was
to be given to one who flew the firft Enemy,
that mounted on the walls of a City or For-

trefs , being defended by, or for the Romans.
And I read, that Hoytius, the Grandfather of
the Roman Ring Hofiilms, for his prowefs was
the firft that was remunerated by Romulus
with a Chaplet called Corona Frandea , and
this was quod Fidenam irrupiffet ; it was Anno
Mundi

The triumphal Chaplet was firft made of
Laurel, and fuch an one d.d Tiberius Cafar
ufe. The Athenian Vidtors had their Chaplets
or Garlands of Olive-leaves ; and thefe Chap-
lets were rewards alfo as well for Mercurial as
Martial Deeds, fome of which at firft made of
leaves, were afterward altered and compofed
of Gold. Pliny writeth that the Rofc , the
Lily, and the Violets , be the flowers w here-
with the Chaplets or Garlands of Noblemen
ought to be adorned. I confers he there ufeth
the Latin word Corona ; but I think , under
favour, there that word Corona cannot be ta-
ken for a Crown, I mean fuch an one as is in
ufe with us at this day made of Gold, but ra-
ther for a Chaplet or Garland.

I find alfo that Chaplets are fometimes made
of other Herbs, as of Rue; as that which is
born bend-wife upon the barrs of the Coat-
Armour of the Dukedom of Saxony : which ,
as learned Mr. Selden out of Krantzim hath
noted,was at the time of the Creation of Ber-
nard (fon of Albert ZJrfo, Marquefs of Bran-
denburg, and brother to Otho the then Mar-
quefs, and to Sifride Archbifhop of Breme )
Duke of Saxony, granted to the faid Bernard
by the Emperour Frederick Barbarojfa, upon
the requeft of the faid Bernard, to difference
his Arms from his brothers ; Tunc Imperator
(are the words as Mr. Selden citeth them ) at
erat coronatus per. aft um Ruteam Coronam in-
jecit ex oblique (upplicantis clypeo : which was
afterward born fo on their Coat , being before
Barry, Sable and Or.

And thus much may fuffice to have fpokert
of Chaplets ; now come we to fhew fome Ex*
amples of bearing them in Coat- Armours.

He beareth Argent ,
three Chap!ets,Vert, by
the Name of Richard
fon. As thefe are here
born as the fole Charge
of the Field , fo may
you alfo find fome Or-
dinary interpofed be-
tween them , as in this
next Example.

Hff

Chap. XVII.

A Difflay of Heraldry.

•59

He beareth Or,a Fefs,
Sable , between three
Chaplets, Vert. I read
that Hercules firft made
himfelf Garlands of the
Herb called in Latin A-
fium, which is fd called,
quia ex eo apex, id tft_,
Caput antiquorum tri-
umph ant ium coronab, i-
tur. This Herb is al-
ways green , as Theothrafl obflrved. It is
called in Englifh Merchc.

The Field is Or, on a
Chief , Gules , three
Chaplets of the firft.
This was the Coat-Ar-
mour of Sir Charles Mo-
rifon of Cajhiobury in
the County of Hart-
for/I, deceafed. Divers
others there be that
bear thefe Chaplets in
their Coat - Armours ,-
but thefe here (hewed may fuffice to make
known unto Students in Armory how to blazon
fuch a Charge when they meet with it.

He beareth parred
per Fefs , Argent 'and
Azure , three Chaplets
counterchanged, by the
Name of Duke ; and is
the Coat - Armour of
George Duke of Cofeu-
ton inAylesford inKent,
Efq. and of Richard
Duke of Maidfione in
the faid County, Efq;

CHAP. xvir.

UNTO thefe before-mentioned remu-
nerations of joyful victory I will
add fuch artificial things, wherewith
the victorious Martial man do f h commonly de-
prive of liberty thofe whom the fortune of the
wars have given him as Captives and Prifoners;
fuchbePrilbners Gives, Fetters and Shackles,
os prifon Bolts, which are all notes of fubje-
dlionand captivity. Of the bearing of fome
of thefe in Coat-Armour I will mew you fome
Examples.

He beareth Argent, a
Sriackbdc, Sable, by the
Name of Nut hall. Some
call this a Prifoners bolt*
He that by his valour
fliall in the wars take
his Enemy and retain
him as his Prifoner, may
well for fjcb his good
fervxe be guerdoned
with fuch a kind of
bearing as is here demonftrated , which is an
honourable bearing in Armory, in regard, it

doth fufficiently to an Artift declare the hrft oc
cafion thereof.

He beareth Sable ,
two fingle Shackbolts ,
and one double, Argent,
by the Name of An-
derton ; and is now born
by Matthew Anderton
H W 1«W of the City of Chefter,
W WtS3F Gent - Thefe kind of
Arms may alfo well be
given to fuch a brave
Spirit , who by his
prowefs can fetch off with ftrength , or by
his charity redeem any of his fellow Souldiers
in captivity.

0 0
00

•I If.
in ;

chap. xvnr.

TO thefe Martial Armorials we may
add, as an Appendix of neceffary ufe in
warlike bufmeiles, the Water-bowgets,
which in ancient times were ufed to carry and
conferve in the Camp that ufeful Element of
water. In fuch velfcls fome fuppofe that Da-
vid's three Worthies , which brake into the
Hofte of the Vhiliftims,d.nd drew water out of
the Well of Bethlehem, brought to their King
that water he fo much longed for. Thefe
three mighty men deferved to have been re-
munerated with fuch Armorial Marks in their
Coat-Armours for their valour.

The ufual depicting of thefe Water-bowgets
in Efcocheons of our prefent Age, if we (hall
compare them with thofe of former times, we
fhall find thefe and them much differing in
form, as by thefe next Efcocheons (the firft
being according to our modern form , and the
other two agreeing with theancient)evidently
appeareth.

Mm z He

a6o

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Seft. IV.

The Field is Ruby,
three Water-bowgets ,
Pearl. This was the
Coat-Armour of Sir
William Roos, a Baron
of this Kingdom , who
lived in the time of our
two firft Edwards after
the Conqueft.

He beareth Argent,
a Fefs verry , Or and
Gules, between three
Water-bowgets, Sable,
by the Name of Tie-
thick ; of which Fami-
ly was Sir John T)e-
thickfix. fometime fince
Lord Maior of London.
As alfo thofe two inge-
nious Gentlemen , Tho-
mas Dethick who hath long refided at Leg-
horn , and Henry Dethick of Toiler near Lon-
don, fons of Sir Henry Dethick , fon of Sir
William 'Dethick Kt. fon of Sir Gilbert De-
thick Kt. both principal Kings of Arms by the
Title of Garter.

He beareth Gules, a
Fefs between three Wa-
ter-bowgets , Ermyn ,
by the Name of Meres;
and is the bearing of Sir
Thomas Meres of Lin-
coln, Kt.

The Field is Pearl, a
Crofs engrailed , Ruby,
between four Water-
bowgets, Diamond.This
was the Paternal Coat-
Armour of that Honou-
rable Family of the
Bourcbiers , fometimes
Earls of Ew in Norman-
dy, from whom are de-
fended the Bourcbiers
Earls of 'Bathe, and that truly noble Knight
Sir Henry Bourchier , a careful and diligent
fearcher out of the hidden Antiquities, not on-
ly of this Kingdom, but of Ireland alfo. Leigh
in his Accidence of Armory, fag. 127. calleth
thefe Water-bowgets , and fag. 176. heterm-
eth this kind of Charge a Gorge.

Thefe Water-bow-
gets were anciently de-
picted and pourtraiedin
Coat-Armour according
to the form in this pre-
fent Efcocheon demon-
ft'rated , witnefs old
Rolls of Arms and Mo-
numents of ftone. The
Ancients themlelvesdid
fomewhat differ in the
pourtraiture of this Water-bowget : For I find
in a very ancient Roll in thecuftody of the be-
fore-mentioned Sir Richard St. George , Cla-
renceux (who I muft with a thankful acknow-
ledgment confefs hath been very free in com-
municating fuch his Collections to the further-
ance of the fecond Edition ~) that Robert de
Roos, fon of the late mentioned William de
Roos, did bear thefe Water-bowgets depicted,
as in this next Efcocheon , with a File of five
Lambeaux or Points.

This is the true Fi-
gure both of the Efco-
cheon and Charge as
they be in the faid Roll,
wh.ch is written in a
hand of that time , or
very near. And thefe
Examples may fuffice
for Water-bowgets.

Sable, three Cups co-
vered, Argent , by the
Name of Warcuff; and
is born by Edmund
War cup f of North- More
in Oxford/hire, Efq;

Azure , a Cheveron
between three Cups co-
vered, Or, by the Name
of Butler; and is the
Coat of Sir James But-
ler of Lincolns Inn in
Middlesex, Kt. Steward
of his Majefties Palace
and Marshals Court.
And is born by John
Butler D. D. Chaplain
in Ordinary to his Maje-
fty King Charles the Second, and Canon of
Windsor.

This Coat is alfo born by Nicholas Butler of
London, Dr. in Phyfick,

CHAP.

Chap. XIX.

A Dijplayof Heraldry;

261

CHAP. XIX.

SINCE there be fome things bom in
Arms, which have a near refemblance a-
mong thcmfelves, yet do really differ
bach from other in name , of which we have
hot hitherto given any Rule : I hope, with the
Readers courteous leave , I may gather fuch
here together , which otherwife , according to
Uriel Method, fhould have Been ranked farr
afunder; by which means the Student in Ar-
moryfjor whofe benefit only this work is com-

piled) may with more facility obferve the nice
differences of fuch Charges, which are differ-
enced, and confequently change their names,
only from their

Diftindlion of their

Of the firfl fort are Roundles , of which
Leigh giveth Examples of nine fundry , each
differing from other in name and blazon, ao
cording to their different Colours ; as for Ex-
ample.

e 1 j

I 6

Argent
Vert

Light blue
Sable
Turfure
Tenne
Sanguine
L9 Gules

1 Bezants^

2 Tlates.

5 Tcmeis.
4 Hurts.

f-Then we call them-j 5 Tellets or Ogreffes.

6 Golps.
■ 7 Orenges,
J 8 Guzes.
19 Torteauxes.

_ _' fome of thefe , viz. Bezants , Plates ,
Hurts, and Pellets, I have given Examples for-
merly in this Book. Examples of Bezants and
Plates you may fee fag. 188, 189. of Hurts ,
fag. 105. of Pellets, fag. z^y.

It is not requifitein blazon to name the Co-
lours of any of thefe nineRundles, except they
be the counterchanged Charge of a Field tranf-
muted, as in Akot's Coat, of which you fhall
find the blazon in the fifth Section and fecond
Chapter ; and in fuch a cafe they are called
Rundles , and by no other name. But other-
wife it is fufficient to fay,he beareth Argent.on
a Chief, Gules , three Bezants, as I have done
in the blazon of Ruffel's Coat- Armour, 21 9.
without telling of the colour of the Bezants.
The like you may obferve in Captain Lee's
Arms, fag. 24?. which I have blazoned with-
out telling the colour of the Pellets. As for
the word Troper ufed in the blazon of the
Hurts, fag. 105. and of the Pellets in Lang-
ley sCoat, fag. 24^. they are faults I mult
confefs efcapecf in the correcting of thisEdition;
therefore I do intreat the Courteous Reader
with his Pen in thofe two places to put out the
■wordTroper: yet I cannot deny but that in
ancient blazon I have feen the Colours of fome
of thefe Rundles named ; yea, and fome arc
of opinion that one or two forts of thefe differ
their names in the quantity of their figure, and
not in colour ; but of latter times, amongft r our
Englifh blazoners, it is accounted a great fault
to tell their colours, except where they are
found counterchanged in a Field tranfmuted,as
I have formerly faid.

If you find above the number of eight Be-
zants born in one (ingle Coat , according to
fome Authors, you are not then to tell their
number, but to fay Bezantee ; for they give

concerning this Point this Rule both for Be-
zants and Torteauxes, Befante numerantur uf-
que ad otlo , que m numerum Ji excedant,dicen-
tur Befantee , and Tortella numerantur ficnt
Befana ■ and Chaff, inem is of ' the fame opini-
on, Chaff. Cato. 1 Glor. mundi pars concluf.
7S-

Leigh faith that the Rundle, called a Guze,
is refembled to the Ball of the eye; and Golps
are in fignification wounds, Accidence of Arms,
fag. 1 5* 1 . Tomeis are taken for Apples without
their ftalks : what Bezants , Plates , Pellets
and Hurts be, I have formerly in their due pla-
ces fhewed.

Now I will fhew fome Examples of the
bearing of fome of thefe Rundles, viz. Tor-
teauxes in Coat-Armour.

He beareth Topaz,
three Torteauxes. This
is the Coat-Armour of
that noble and ancient
Family of Courtneys of
DevouJInre, particular-
ly of Towderham , of
which is Sir William
Courtney , defcended in
adiredt Male-line from
Hugh Courtney , fecond
of that Name Eafl of Devonfl.'ire in the time
of King Ed-jyard the Third; the elder Family
being in poflefiion of that Honour till the be-
ginning of Queen Elizabeth, divers of which
were Dukes of Exeter.

Anciently Blazoners did ufe to tell the man-
ner of the pofition of a Charge, confifting of
three things of one fort or kind placed in tri-
angle, as you fee thefe here are , by faying,
three Torteauxes, Plates, Mullets, Crefcents,

262

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Sea. iv

or the like, in triangle, or two and one; but
it is now obferved as a general Rule,That when
the number three is rehearfed in Arms , with-
out further declaration of the location or poli-
tico of the charge demonftrated by that num-
ber, then are they always placid in the falhion
that is mewed in this prelent Efcocheon ; but
if they have their location in any other form ,
then you muft always tell how and in what
manner, as in this next Efcocheon.

He beareth Argent,
three Torteauxes in
bend, between two Co-
tizes,Sable,by theName
of face of Lancajhire ,
and lujs beareth Ar-
gent, three Torteauxes,
between two Bends ,
fome fay Cotizes, Gules.
Thefe (.faith Leigh, fag.
1 c 6.} have been by old
Blazoners called Waftles, which are cakes of
bread, but muft be named by none other name
thanTorteatixes.

And thus much may fuffice to have fpoken
of fuch Charges as are differenced only from
their diftinihon of their Colours, and confe-
quently change their Names; all which you
nuv obferve to be compofed of a Circular Fi-
gure. Now it remaineth that I treat of thofe
other which have a nearer refemblance among
themfelves, yet vary their names only from,
their dift inition of form,
ibiii TOdua virn I «-.7r-J vsbty JI

; (Fuflls, .

Of this fort are/ Lozenges,
CMafcles. -

', -moo it }!•(•.'•.'.• «jrh yho Jrbnoq sic;! // 1 ii -nam
The Geometrician calleth the kind of Figure
whereof every of thefe is compofed Rhombus,
which Keckerman faith , is Tarallelogram-
mum obliquangulum & equilaterum ; for in
truth every one of thefe confift of four Gtome-
trkical lines of equal length , yet thefe are dif-
ferently named byArmonliSjas I fliall prefently
fhewyou.But I think it firft neceifary to demon-
ftrate unto you the Figure of every of thefe , as
in Example.

The Fufil is longer than the Lozenge, having
its upper and lower part more acute and lharp
than the other two collateral middle parts ;
which acutenefs is occafioned by the fhort di-
ftance of the fpace between the two collateral
or middle parts in theFigure demonftrated unto
you by the Letters B B ; which fpace, if the
Fufil be rightly made, is always fhorter than
any of the four Geometrical L nes whereof it
is compofed, as you may obferve in the Figure
thereof : in which you find that the diftance
between the two Angles demonftrated by the
Letters A and B , islonger than that which is
between the two collateral or middle Angles
marked with B and B: but all this is to be un-
underftood of Fufils of the modern figure or
form; for anciently they were depirSted in a-
nother fhape. And Chajf.meus fheweth a
Fufil fomewhat near to the ancient, in propor-
tion thus.

•rtt

1 ni

In this Figure you may obferve the fides be
not anguled, but rather round. He there thus
defcribeth Fufils , Fufte (unt acuta m fuferiori
iS infer tori fartibus,& rotunda ex utroque la- 1
tere.

A Lozenge differeth from a Fufil, in that the
fpace between its two collateral or middle An-
gles equals the length of any of the four Geo-
metrical Lines whereof it is compofed, as its
Figure before more plainly manifefteth; where
the fpace between the Angles demonftrated by
the figures 5 and 3 , and 1 and 3, are of equal
lengdh. I confefs fometimes you may fine! in
thing% made for Lozenges, the diftance here
demonftrated by the figures 3 and 3 to be a

little

Chap.XVlII.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

i6 3

little longer than that from i to j, but it can
never be ihorter, for then it is a Fufil.

A Mafcle differeth from both the Fufil and
Lozenge ; firft, becaufe the Mafcle is always
voided, that is, part of the Field is tranfparent
through it. I confefs in this I diffent from
Leigh's opinion, who in his Accidence of Ar-
mory, pag. it; j. b. feemeth to grant that a
Mafcle may be whole: but of this I have for-
merly fliewed my opinion and my reafon for
the fame, pag. 2.34' Next, a Mafcle differeth
from a Fufil and a Lozenge in the proportion of
fpace , which is evidently demonftrated in the
Mafcles Figure by the Letters C and D, which
fheweth a Mafcle to be as long as it is broad.

Now proceed we to give you fome Exam-
ples of bearing thefe Fufils and Lozenges in
Coat- Armour ; as for Mafcles, I have already
{hewed iome,f ag. 254.

The Field is Pearl ,
three Fufils in Fefs, Ru-
by* This was the Pa-
ternal Coat-Armour of
William Montague Earl
of Salisbury. I know
well that Mr. Brooke,
Tori-Herald, in his Ca-
talogue of the Earls of
Salisbury, ,hath blazoned
thefe Lozenges ; but old Rblts of Arms with
their blazon in French do teftifie, that thefe be
Fufils ; for it is thus writtfln in one of them,
Monf. de Mont ague, Count di Sarumrfort d ( Ar-
gent a trots FufiUes, &c. THiS RdH now at this
prelent remaineth in the cuftody of Sir Henry
St. George, Kt. Richmond Merald,whofe indu*
ftrious Collections of fuch Antiquities, and his
willingnefs in affording the view of them for
the forwarding of this prefent Edition, cannot
without a manifeft note of ingratitude be here
overpafled in filence. Thefe Fufils may alfo be
born in bend or triangle, as Leigh writetb. ,
fag. 157.6.

He beareth Gules ,
three Fufils , Ermyn.
This is theCoat-Armour
of Sir John T)enham,Kx.
one of the Barons of his
Majefties Exchequer, a
good and able Jufticer.
The Fufil is never pier-
ced, or voided - , as Leigh
noteth. What a Fufil
reprefenteth in Armory, and how the Engliili,
French and Dutch vary in their Opinions a-
bout it, I have formerly fliewed unto you out
of the Accidence of Armory, in the zi6th page
of this Book.

Fie beareth Gules,
Four Fufils in Fefs , Ar-
gent, by the Name of
Carteret ; and is the At-
chievement of the Right
Honourable Sir George
Carteret of Hawnes in
Com. Bedford, Knight
and Baronet , Vice-
Chambcrlain of his Ma-
jefties HoulTiold,and one
of his Majefties moft
Honourable Privy Council, &c. *

He beareth Argent,
a Cheveron between
three Fufils Ermynois,
by the Name of Shaw.
This with the Arms of
Vlfle r, is the Coat of
Sir John Shaw of El-
tham in Kent , Knight
and Baronet.

This Coat without
the Arms of Ulster ,
and with a due difference, is bom by Mr. Tho*
mat Sbaw of the City of London, Merchant.

He beareth Argent ,
a Pale Fufuly, Sable, by
the Name of Daniel i
and is the Paternal
Coat - Armour of Sir
Thomas Daniel of Bef-
wick in theEaft-Riding
of Torkjhire, Kt. Major
to hts Majefties Regi-
ment of Foot Guards ,
■ n.- „ 7 fc-otr, . a "i Captain of his Ma-
jefties Archclip Fort in Dover. Now I will
Ihew an Example of bearing of Lozenges in
Arms.

"/V ° A 1 T ^ e Fie ' d IS A2u re,
/ \ / \ three Lozenges,Or. Lo-

\ / \ / zenges are thus defcri -
V \/ bed by Chajfaneus, Lo-

Ozangia facta funt ad
modufn Lozangiamm
qua fonutitur in vitrU
J Ms fib forma quadrau-
S guli, fedfuperior & iti'
ferior partes plus ten-
dunt in acutum quam a-
lia due collaterals feu media , (£ Jtc plus
longa funt quam larga, Chaffanetts , pars ii
a conclufio 7j.

Gules j

264

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Sed.1V.

Gules, feven Lozen-
ges, three, three, and
one , Verrey , by the
Name of Guife; and is
the Coat of Sir John
Guije of Elmore in Glo-
ceflerfljire , Baronet. As
alfo of Henry Guy , or
Guife, of T)un n .ey in
Hartfordjjire, Efq;

Pearl , a Fefs , Dia-
mond , in Chief three
Lozenges of the fecond.
This is thePaternalCoat
Armour of the Right
Honourable Walter L.
ABon, Baron of For-
jare in the Kingdom of
Scotland, now refiding
at Tixall in Stafford-
/hire, where his Lord-
fliips Predeceffors have
been feated for about three hundred years ;
whofe Father, Sir Walter AHon , was made
Knight of the hath at the Coronation of King
James, and was created a Baronet in the
Ninth year of the faid King's Reign : under
whom ( with the Earl of BriSloll) he was
imployed AmbafTadour into Spain about the
Treaty of the Spanifh Match : after which ,
in the Third year of King Charles the Firft ,
he was advanced to the faid Dignity of a Ba-
ron. Of which Family fee more in Camb-
den's Britannia in his Defcription of Stafford-
shire.

He beareth Pearl ,
on a Fefs , Saphire,
three Lozenges, Topaz,
by the Name of Field-
ing ■ and is the Paternal
Coat - Armour of the
Right Honourable Ba-
zil Fielding, alias de
Hapsburgh , Earl of
Denbigh, Vifc. Field-
ing , and Baron Field-

«t ' — — ■ *
ing of Newenham Tadox, and St. Lis

This Coat, with a due difference, is born by
Robert Fielding of the City of Glocefler , Dr.
in Phyfick ; and by his brother Edward
Fielding of the City of Briftoll,E(q; one of the
Sheriffs thereof for the year 1674.

teraUs of Catter all in Lane aft ire.

He beareth Argent,
on a Bend , Gules, four
Lozenges of the Field,
by the Name of Mort;
and is the PaternalCoat-
Armour oi Thomas Mort
of Afllev near Leigh in
Lancajbire, Efq.

He beareth Azure,
three Mafcles , Or , fl-
yer all a Bend , Gules.
This is the Paternal
Coat-Armour of John
Catterall of Weft-'utiit-
ton in the North-Riding
of lorkffnre , Efq; de-
fended from the elder
Houfe of the Catte-
ralls of New-hall in
Craven, which had their
Original from the Cat-

He beareth Sable ,
three Lozenges in Fefs,
Ermyn, by the name
of Gifford , a Family
of long continuance at
Halfworth in Devon-
Jhire, from whence de-
fended that great Col-
lector of choice Rari-
ties, Humphrey Gijford
of the Toultrey Comp-
ter, London,Cmt.

He beareth Argent,
on a Cheveron between
three Mafcles, Azure,
as many Bucks heads
cabofed , Or , by the
Name of Stanley; and
is born by Mr. Edward
Stanley of Barnflable
m'Devor.jbire , a great
lover and incourager of
the ftudy of Heraldry.

Chap.XIX. A Difplay ,

To thefe Charges that thus refemble each
other, yet change their Names from their nice
differing forms, may be referred the Quarter
and the Canton, theDelf and the Billet, and
fuch other like. Examples of the bearing of
•very of which I have formerly given, leaving
the Student in this way to learn their diffe-
rences by his careful obfervation, to which
Leigh in his Accidence of Armory hath given
great light.

Thus have I in this one Section run over
whole Chaos of things Artificial ; which

)f Heraldry.

\ I have fo compendioufly fet down , confider-
ing the infinite variety of things incident unto
Arts of all forts , as that any Judicious Rea-
der will rather approve my brevity therein ,
than concurr in judgment with that rafh and
unadvifed Cenfurer of this Book , who ( be-
fore it was in Prefs) fought to lay this afper-
fion on it , That it was wholly fluffed with Su-
perficials of things Mechanical, &c. which
Calumny needs no other refutation , than the
view of that which here prefents it lelf to all
mens (canning.

The end of the Fourth Sedion.

Simplicity

Simflicitas form£ Antiquitatis nota.

THE Fifth Seftion comprehendeth Exam-
ples of Coat-Armours, having no Tin&ure
predominating in them , (hewing withal
their fundry Forms of Partition ; as alfo of the
Tranfmutations or Counterchangings that are occa-
sioned by reafon of thofe Lines of Partition.

N n 2

The

368

V 1

■

The Table of the Fifth Se&ion.

AbftraSed
from

Fields of
Coat- Ar-
mours,
wherein
there is no
TinSure
predomina-
ting,8cc.are

Simply of themfelves.

r Manifeft, as
Gyrony,
Pale-ways <f
Bendy,&c j
and are born I A r tera

' compound

in Part, viz. with fome Chief, Canton, Quar-
ter, dec.

Some of the
Ordinaries
by a deriva-
tion

fort,viz.
(.charged j

(All over, with fome other Ordinary or Com-
u mon Charge,

("Keep their Names, as Paly, Bendy, Bar.
ry,&c.

Obfcure , of which forts j
L fome do

\ L Lofe their Name, as Checkie.

Some common Charge ; fuch are thofe as we term in Blazon Fufily, Lozengy,Mafcul?,&t.
Of Fufils, Lozenges, Mafcles, &c. whereof they bear the forms or reprefentaticms.

f Plain; as thofe before-mentioned in the firft Section, which are
carried evenly without rifing or falling. Thefe being charged
do conftitute a form of bearing called Tranfifhuting or Couh;
terchanging.

Compofed of Lines of partition only,'

Bunched or cornerediwhereof are created a kind of bearing which
we call in blazon Meflilcs, becaufc of their mutual intermixture
! one with another.

Thofe of manifefi derivation have their denomination from fome of the Ordinaries whofe forms they do reprefent,
whofe names alfo they do (till retain as a Memorial of their particular derivations. As Party fir Pale, fer Bend , ptr
Fefs, per Cheveron,/>er Saltire, &c. Others, though abftrafted from Ordinaries, do lofe their names.

And both thefe forts laft mentioned are no lefs fubjeft to be charged in part, or all over, with charges both ordinary
and common, than any other before-mentioned wherein Tinflure isfaid to predominate.

Chap.f.

SECT. V. CHAP. I

A V I N G finilhed the former
Section, treating of Coat-Ar-
mours formed of things Artificial,
in wjiich there is tinfture ( that
is to fay, Metal, Colour or Furr)
predominating: I will now (fec\ndk velis) pro-
ceed to give Examples of Coat-Armours ha-
ving nil mature predominating in them. Thefe
are formed of fundry forts of lines of Fartit.on,
occafioning oftentimes Tranfmutation and
Counterchanging.

Coat-Armours having no Tincture predomi-
nating in them , are fuch as are fo compofed
and commix' d of two colours, as that neither
of them do furmount other. Such are thefe
that follow, and the like, which are formed of
lines of Partition only.

In giving Examples of thefe forms of bear-
ing,it is requifite that I begin with thofe which
confift of fingle lines of Partition ; and then
proceed to fuch forts as are formed of manifold
lines, as in Example.

He beareth parted
per Pale , Argent and
Gules, by the Name of
Waigrave.

Such Coat-Armours
as are formed only of
linrs of Partition , do
(generally) yield tefti-
mony of an ancient Fa-
mi\\ jisHieronymus Mea-
nings in his Genealogies
noteth (upon the Coat-Armour of the Noble
Race of the Ranzovij , which is born parted
after this manner, though of different colours)
in tins Dillichon :

Forma quid hac fimplex ? Jimplcxfuit if fa ve-
tttlfas :

Simplicity: forma (lemmata prifca not at.
What means fo plain a Coat'ltimes ancient plain
did go :

Such ancient plainnejs ancient race doth
plainly JIwju.

After

270

A Diff/ay of Heraldry.

Sefl.V.

After this manner may two Coat-Armours
of diftind Families be conjoyned into one Ef-
cocheon, as lhall be ihewed hereafter in place
convenient.

He beareth parted^cr
Fefs , Or and Azure.
ThefeArms do pertain
to the Family of Zuflu
of Venice. After tbil
manner aljo ( faith
Leigh ) may Jeveral
Coats of diflwtJ Fami-
lies be born jointly in
one Efcocbeon. The con-
fideration whereof (ball
appear hereafter in the laft Sedtion of thisBook,
where I fhall treat of marlhalling divers Coat-
Armours together.

He beareth parted
per Bend, Or and Vert,
ty the Name of Hawley.
In this and the former I
give the preheminence
in blazon to the metal,
not in refpe£r. of the
dignity thereof, but for
that it occupieth the
more eminent and ho-
nourable part of the Ef-
cocheon which is the Chief ; for otherwife the
right fide having precedence of the left might
have challenged the firft place in blazon, as in
Coat- Armours parted per Pale it doth.

A Gentleman of blood.fceing a younger bro-
ther , before apt differences of Coat- Armour
weredevifed, ufedtotake two of his neareft
Coats , and to marflial them together in one
fhield parted per Cheveron, after the manner
expreffed in this next Efcocheon.

He beareth parted
per Bend embattelled ,
Pearl and Ruby. This
is the Coat-Armour of
the Right Honourable
Richard Boyle, Earl of
Burlington , Baron of
Clifford and Lansboro-jD
in England, and Earl of
Corke , Vifcount Dun-
garvan,and Baron Toug-
<baU in Ireland, &c. whofe brother, the Ho-
nourable Robert Boyle Efq; is praife-worthy
for his great knowledge in Chymiftry, and o-
ther Secrets of Nature.

He beareth parted/w
Cheveron , Sable and
Argent , by the Name
of A/Ion. Thefe fore-
faid Coats thus half in
Tincture , are of much
better efteem than the
Apparel worn by thofe
brethren in Flanders,
who having a Peafant
to their Father , and a
Noble Lady to their Mother , did .wear their
upper Garment one half of Countrey Ruffet,
the other of Cloth of Gold, for a monument
of their Mothers matchlefs match. So much
of Arms confift ing of fingle lines of Partition,
both perpendicular and tranfverfe. Now follow
Examples of fuch as are formed of a mixt
kind.

IBlSi

iSMi'

l|§i§Pr

He beareth Gules and
Argent. This Coat-
Armour pertaineth to
Sir Henry Cock of Brnx-
bome in the County of
Hertford, Kt. late Cof-
ferer to his Majefty.

Leigh holdeth that
this fort "of bearing is
not otherwife blazoned
than quarterly. But
(fome Blazoners are of opinion that ) when
this compofition confifteth meerly of Metals
and Colour , or of any the before-mentioned
Furrs and Colour, without any charge occupy-
ing the quarters of the Efcocheon, fuch bear-
ing is more aptly blazoned parted per Crofs ,
but if they be charged, then they hold it beft
blazoned quarterly.

He beareth parted
per Pile in point , Or
and Sable. Only the
Tile.part of thu Coat
may be charged ( faith
Leigh ) and no other
part thereof , and that
(faith he) may be ufed
as one only Coat. And if
it be charged, you Jliall
leave the Field untold.
In this Coat the Pile hath the preheminence ;
for if the Efcocheon were made after the an-
tique falhion , you fhall fee very little of the
Field.

Two other forts of parted per Pile I find ,
which for their rare ufe I have thought fit to
infert into this place, whereof the firft is, as in
this next Efcocheon.

Chap. I.

A Difylay of Heraldry.

271

He beareth parted
per Pile traverfe, Argent
and Gules. Were it not
that thefe lines had
their beginnings from
the exadt points of the
Chief and Bafe finifler,
and fo extend to the ex-
tream line in the Fefs
point on the dexter fide,
I fhould then hold it to
be a Charge and no Partition ; and then fhould
itbefaidtobeaPile, and not a partition per
Pile. This Coat pertaineth to the Family of
Rathkwe in Holjatia. As touching the plain-
nefs of this Coat , Jonas ab Elvet hath thefe
verfcs;

Q vetulras:

Forma quid hac JitnjiLex ? Simplex fmt if fa
Simplex eft etiam /implicit at u honor.

The other fort of Partition per Pile taketh
beginning from the two bafe points, dexter and
finifter, and do meet in the exadt middle chief
point of the Efcocheon, as in this next /Exam-
ple.

He beareth parted
per Pile tranlpofed, Or,
Gules, and Sable. This
kind of bearing is rare ,
as well in regard of the
tranfpofition thereof,
for that the natural and
accuftomed bearing of
Piles is with the points
downwards ; as alfo in
refped that thereby the
Field is divided into three diftind: Colours or
Tin&ures. This Coat is proper to the Family
of Meinftorpe or Menidorpe in Holfafia. Jonas
ab Elvet.

He beareih parted
per Saltire, Ermyn and
Gules , by the name of
Refl'jvold. This fj ac-
cording to Leigh') may
be gqod Armory, if all
the four pieces be char-
ged with fome thing
quick or dead : But it is
better (faith he) if it be
charged but with two
things of one kind , and that efpecially upon
the Gules ; but belt of all it is to have but one
only quick thing all over the Field. An Ex-
ample of which laft bearing lhall be given here-
after in his due place.

He beareth per Sal-,
tire , Or and Sable , a
Border counterchanged,
by the Name of Shor-
ter ; and is born by
Sir John Shorter of the
City of London, Knight
and Alderman.

Ter Saltire , Argent
and Sable, a Bordef
counterchanged, is born
by Teter Gott of Grays-Inn in Middlefex,
Gent.

He beareth Gyronny
of fix pieces.Ermyn and
Azure. The molt ufual
manner of blazon is to
begin at the dexter cor.
ner of the Efcocheon ,'
but in this Coat I begin
with the middle part ,
not for that medium eft
locus honoris ; but in te*
fpedt that the Ermyn
doth occupy the moft part of the Chief, and
the Azure but the Cantels thereof. Some bla-
zon this Coat parted per Gyron of fix pieces.
Gyrons may be born to the number of twelve,
as hereafter fhall be fhewed.

Hq beareth parted
per Pale and Bafe, Gules*
Argent, and Sable. This
bearing is no lefsftrange
than accuftomed with
us, wh6fe rare ufe hath
oecafioned me to infert
the fame here. This
Coat-Armour pertain*
eth to Jo. d Tanowitz
that was ( amongft in-
finite others ) prefent at the Royal Exercifes
onHorsback and on foot performed without
the City of Vienna , Anno T)om. 1560. Pro-
ceed we now to Coats of this kind charged in
I part, as in thefe next.

He beareth parted
per Fefs, Gules and Er-
myn,a File of five points,
Argcnt,by the Name of
Bc'ifield. Of thefe forms
of bearing I will not
produce many Exam-
ples , becaufe their ufe
is common : only I pur-
pofe by a few to make
known my meaning
touching the different manner of charging of
Coat- Armours in part , and all over , that fo
they may be maoiteftly difcerned to be of dif-
ferent.

272

A Difylay of Heraldry.

Sed.V.

fercnt kinds, andlikewile avoid their conru-
fed mixture.

■■ 1

He beareth quarterly
Gules and Or, a Crols
flory on the dexter
quarter, Argent. This
Coat-Armour pertain-
eth to Middleton of
Middieton-haU in Lan-
cajbire , who married
Anne , fitter to Thomas
Green Efquire for the
body to King Henry the
Seventh, by whom he had a daughter married
to John HareweU of Wotton Efq. whofe daugh-
ter Anne was wife to James CI; ford of Fr amp-
ton upon Seveme, Efq; Grandfather to James
Clifford, Efq. living 16 1 2.

He beareth quarterly,
Sable and Or, in the firft
quarter a Flower lis
of the fecond. This is
the Coat-Armour of E-
lias Afimole of the
Middle Temple, Efq.
Comptroller of his Ma-
jellies Excife Office.

The Bearer hereof
hath for his Armorial
Enfigns Gyronny of
eightpieces, Azure and
Or , a Canton, Ermyn.
This Coat-Arrhour per-
tained to the Family of
Okton. Befides thefe
Examples of Gyrons
formerly given.youlhall
find others that do bear
Gyronny of ten pieces : as in the Coat ofCrolly,
who beareth Gyronny of ten pieces, Argent
and Sable: and that of Bafingborne , which
beareth Gyronny of twelve pieces Verrey and

Gules.

He beareth Gyronny
of fix pieces. Or and Sa-
ble, three Nigroes heads
couped, proper, by the
Name of Callarde. O-
therwife may you bla-
zon it thus, Gyronny of
fix, Or and Sable, three
Nigroes heads couped
of the fecond. Coats
confifting of Gyrons are

r , . ci «wumig "i uyrons are

or old Blazoners termed counter-coined, for
that the coins or corners of their contrary or
different colours do all meet in the center of
the Shield. Therefore Ooat-Armours of this

form of bearing were anciently thus blazoned,
Tortat Arma contra contraconata.

As touching fuch Coat- Armour of Partition
as are charged all over thefe few Examples
may fuffice.

The Field is parted
per Pale, Ruby and Sa-
phire, three Eaglets dif-
plaied, Pearl.This Coat-
Armour pertained to Sir
Edward Cooke Kt.fome-
time Lord Chief Juftice
of his Majefties Court
of the Kings Bench.

I do blazon this Coat-
Armour by precious
ftones.in refped the Bearer hereof is ennoblilh-
ed by his rare vertues and approved loyal Ser-
vices done to Queen Elizabeth of blelfed me-
mory, and to the King's Ma jetty late deceafed;
as alfo in regard of his fo many learned and ju-
dicious works publickly manifefted in lundry
Volumes extant, and approved by men of belt
judgment in that kind.

He beareth per Pale,
Gules and Azure, an Ea-
gle difplaied with two
heads, Or, by the Name
of Mitton of Shropfhire.

He beareth per Pale
Gules and Azure, three
Bucks paffant , Or , by
the Name of Sucklin;
and is born by Robert
Sucklin of Wotton in
the County of Norfolk,
Efq;

He beareth parted per
bend finifter,Ermyn and
Ermyns, over all a Lion
rampant within a Bor-
der ingrailed, Or, by the
Name of Jones o(T)en-
bighjbire.

Ter

Chap.II.

A D iff lay of Heraldry:

*73

Ter Bend finifter.Er-
myn and Ermys, over
all a Lion rampant, Or,
oy the Name of Tre-
vor ; and is born by Sir
John Trevor of Bryn-
kynalt in Denbigh/hire,
Kt. defcended from Tu-
dor TrevorEzrl of Here-
ford.

The Field is quarter-
ly, Topaz and Ruby, o-
ver all a Bend, Verrey.
This Coat- Armour per-
taineth to the Right Ho-
nourable Family of the
Sackviles, Earls of Dor-
fet , and Barons Bnck-
herfts of Buckherft.

This Coat, with a due difference, is born by
Colonel Thomas Sackvile of Selfcome in Suj-
fex, a perfon that ferved King Charles the
Firft in all his Civil Warrs, and was one of the
Captains of his Life-guards at the Battel of
Edg-hiU : He was Son of Sir Thomas Sackvile
of the laid place, Knight of the Bath ; and is
now married to Margaret, Daughter of Sir
Henry Compton of Brambletye in the aforefaid
County , alfo Knight of the Bath, by his firft
wife the Lady Cicely Sackvile , Daughter to
Robert Earl of Dorfet.

He beareth quarterly,
Gules and Verrey, over
all a Bend, Or. This is
the Coat- Armour of the
Ancient and Knightly
Family of the Conftables
of Torkjlnre ; and is
born by Marmaduke
Constable of Beverley,
Efcj; John Conftable of
Catfif!j,E{q; and Thomas
Conftable of Ganftead j Efq.

He beareth party per
Saltire , Sable arid Er-
myn, a Ltan-rampant ,
Or, armed and langued,
Gules , by the Name of
Grafton. In the blazon
of Coat- Armours of this
kind, having no Tin-
cture predominating, I
think it fit to give pre-
hermnence to that Me-
tal, Furr,or Colour which occupied) the Chief,
or the greateft part thereof; as you may ob-
ferve I have done in the blazon of Hav/evs

and Reftzvold's Coats, and the like, in this pre-
fent Chapter. Mr. Boj-well giveth Grafton's
Coat the fame blazon that I do here, beginning
with the colour Sable. Johannes 'Peronus ,
Nauclertit , Taradine , ZJlpian , Gerrard
Leigh^ and others, both ancient and modern
writers, altogether allow the blazon of this
Coat- Armour to be party per Saltire , as afore,
Some others ( whole conceit herein t utterly
diflike) whether nicely or ignorantly , have
ende.ivoured to blazon this Coat Gyronny of
four, or of four pieces : But my opinion is con-
firmed with that of the faid former writers ,
alledged to be the feventh Partition per Saltire,
without any term of Gyronny at all. The An-
ceftors of this Gentleman enjoyed a large Re-
venue in Lands in the City of Worcefter, and
in Grafton, Flif ord,-xnA Pendock in the Coun-
ty of Worcefler , as other Lands in the Coun-
ty of Stafford, as appeareth by a Deed (which
I havefeen) dated in June Anno zg.Henrici $.
but at this day difperfed into ftrange hands;
Neverthelefs I wilh vertue her due reward t
then fliall not this Bearer(a true lover of Arms)
depart empty handed.

As thefc laft mentioned Coats are framed of
ftraight lines ofPartition,fo ftiallyou find others
compofedof fundry lines before fpoken of, in
| the beginning of the fecond Section of this
Book, as well of thofe forts that I call cornered
lines, as of thofe that are bunched. And as
thefe laft handled do utterly exclude all mix-
ture of the Tinctures whereof they are form-
ed, by reafon of the ftraightnefs of the lines
wherewith they be divided : fo contrariwife
thofe Arms that do confift of thofe other forts
of lines , do admit participation and intermix-
ture of one colour with another , for which
caufe they are of Leigh termed Mi[cils,a mif-
cendo, of mingling ; to whom I will referr you
touching Coats of that kind, for that he hath
exemplified them at large in his Accidence of
Armory.

CHAP. It.

IN the former Chapter are comprehended
fuch Coat* Armours as confift of fingle and
manifold lines, as well charged as (imple.
Now ftiall be handled fuch bther kinds Of bear-
ing, which albeit they confift of lines of Par-
tition, as the laft fpoken of do ; yet ( by rea-
fon of the variable appofition of fomc one or o-
more lines of Partition) they do conftitute a-
notherform of bearing , and receive alfo a di-
verfe denominaf ion,being called Coats counter-
changed or tranfmuted. All Which ffiall briefly,
yet plainly, appear by the few Examples fol-
lowing.

Counterchanging or tranfmufation is an in-
termixture of feveral Metals or Co'ours , both
O o in

274

A Difplay of Heraldry.

in Field and Charge, occafionedby the appofi-
tion of fome one or more lines of Partition.
Such Coat-Armours may be fitly refembled to
the party-coloured-garments, fo much efteem-
ed in ancient time, as they were held meet for
the Daughters of Kings during the time ot
their virginity. So we read of Thamar the
Daughter of 'King 'David; Eratinduta tuni-
ca verfi-colore,fu enim veftiebantnr fili£ Regit
virgines pallid : and fo we read that Jofeph ,
the fpecial beloved Son of Ifrael, was by his
Father clad in a Coat of divers colours. Touch-
ing the high eftimation of which kind of gar-
ments, we find, where the Mother of Sifera,
difcourfing with her Ladies touching her Son's
over-long ftay after the Battel againft the If-
rae/ites, faid, Tartiuntur pradam , puellim
unam, imo duas , in personam quamcunque :
prada verficolorum efl Sifera , prada verfico-
lorum Thrygionicum opus, &c. Bends (faith
Sir John Ferne~)or any other principal Charges,
Ordinary , may be parted of two colours or
more.

And fuch bearing is no novelty in Arms ,
but are as ancient as the Norman Conqueft,and
before ; fo as they are both honourable and an-
cient. Of which fort of bearing you lhall in
part fee in thefe next enfuing Efcocheons.

The Field is parted
per Pale, Topaz and
Ruby , three Roundles
counterchanged. This
was the Coat-Armour
of Abtot Earl of Wor-

\( JfzfJr-7 ccfter, that lived in the
JjeStti f time of King William
Rufus. Such bearing
dothfignifie a ftout re-
folution of the Bearer to
undergo with patience and manly courage the
b, itternefs of all times, and the fharpnefs of all
darts , be they never fo pungitive , or full of
change ; as he faith , Diverforum in Scuto co-
l or um tranfmutatio defignat, latorem omnem
telorum ac t'emporum amaritudinem cum mag-
nanimitate perferre voluiffe.

The Field is parted
per Pale, Or and Vert,
twelve Guttes or Drops
in Pale,counterchanged,
by the Name of Grin-
doure ; whofe Family
hath been of ancient
continuance within the
Foreft of Dean , and
County of GloceUer ,
and were men of great
PoiTcffions in the fame Foreft. Their Patri-
mony is now transferred into the generous Fa-
mily of Baynam aiClorewall , who now quar-
tered this Coat by the match of the Heir ge-
neral. As touching the blazon of this Coat-

Armour it is in your election , whether you
will give it the blazon above-mentioned, or at-
tribute unto them their proper terms ( accord-
ing to that which hathbeen formerly delivered
touching this fort of Charge .faying, The Field
is parted per Pale, Or and Vert, fix Guttes de
Olive, and as many de Or, Tail-ways.

He beareth parted
per Pale , Argent and
Gules, a Bend counter-
changed. This Coat
pertained to the f amous
and learned VoetGeffrev
Chaucer , Efq; whom
Leiland and others fup-
pofe to have been born
at Woodjiock in Oxford-
jijire : but fome gather
by his words in the Te ft anient of Love, that he
was born in the City of London , though his
education and abode were in Oxford mdlVood-
ftock, in the eighth year of King Richard the
Second. This Prince of Englik Poets was
Comptroller of the Cnftome-honfe in London ,
as Thomas Speght in hisAdditions to the Works
of Chaucer noteth : and to this moft learned
of Poets the moft learned of Antiquaries ap-
plieth thofe Verfes :

- — Hie ille eft, cujus de gurgite Sacro, f$c.

Lo this is he, from whofe abundant fire am di-
vine

Our Tacts drink their fits , and draw their
fancies fine.
And being now to high Parnaffus top afpired,
Ht laughs to fee the Rout below with cli-
ming tired.

Sometimes you lhall find Coat-Armours par-
ted per Pale, indented ana counterchajfged ,;as
in this next Efcocheon. •

Party /wPale, Argent
and Gules, on the dexter
fide, two 'Bends of the
fecond. This Coat was
born by Swardus 3 Sax-
on, who at the time of
the Conqueft wa* Ear!
of Southampton ; and he
with Edwyn and Mar-
ker, Earl of Leicefier,
kept the Iffe of Ely a-
gainftthe Conquerour; tor which he was ba-
niihed into Normandy , and there kept in Pri-
fon during his life. And although this man
was a, principal Actor in the North againft
him, yet for his valour was held worthy to
marry his Neece : a true fign of a noble Nature
to love vertue even in his Enemies.

Chap.II. A Difplayof

Hetaldry.

He beareth barry of
fix , parted per Pale, in»
dented j Argent and
Gules, counterchanged,
by the Name of Teyto,
and is now born by
William Tryto of Che-
fterton in Warwickjhire,
Efq. And as thefe are
born parted per Pale
plain and indented, as ia
thefe Examples ; fo fliall you by obfervation
fee this Partition per Pale of fundry other
forms of lines before-mentioned , Self. 1.
Chap. }. as in part may be feen in thefe next
Examples.

He beareth quarterly
per Fefs indented, Or
and Gules, by the Name
of Leighton ; and is the
Coat of Robert Leigh-
ton of Watlesborough'm
Com. Salop, Efq.

5V Fefs, Argent and
Vert , a Pale counter-
changed, three Lions
heads erafcd , Gules, by
the Name of Argall;
and is the Coat of Sa-
muel Argall of Law-
hall in the Parifh of
Walt ham-ftow in Eftrx,
Dr. in Thyfick , Candi-
date and Honorarie Fellow of the Colledge of
Phyficians of London, and Phyfician in Ordina-
ry to her Majefty.

He beareth quarterly
of four, Or and Sable,
three Mafcles counter-
changed, by the Name
of Targiter ; and is the
Paternal Coat-Armour
of Sir William Targi-
ter of Greetivorth in
Northamptonshire , Kt.
a Family of good Anti-
quity , whole Anceftors
have been there featcd for many Genera-
tions.

Quarterly, Or and A-
zure , a Crofs of four
Lozenges between as
many Annulets counter-
changed , born by the
Name of Teacock.

He beareth per PAe,
Nebiile, Azure and Or,
fix Martlets counter-
changed. This Coat
was born by Sir Miles
Fleetwood, Kt. Recei-
ver of his Majefties
Court of Wards and Li-
veries.

As there is counterchanging , as in thefe
precedent Examples ; fo alfo may you obferve
the like bearing Barr-ways, as in this next Ef-

cocheOn:

^ # $

|||§§|P

■

He beareth barry of
fix, Argent and Gules ,
on each three Flowers
delis (fave one in the
laft)all counterchanged,
by the Name of Swe-
tmgton.

He beareth parted
per Yds, Gules and Ar-
gent, a Pale counter-
changed by the Name
of Lavider. Sometime
this kind of bearing hath
another Charge added
unto it<f as in this next
Efcocheoii.

He beareth parted
per Fefs, Azure and Or,
a Pale counterchanged,
three buckles of the fe-
cond , by the name of
Spalding. Some blazon
this thus, He beareth
Azure and Or, counter-
coloured in fix quarters,
three Buckles of the fe-
cond, in the firft. Others
party per Fefs, a Pale
a

thus, Azure and Or ,
counterchanged in every piece', of tbe'firft'
Buckle of the fecond.

Oo» He

He beareth Paly of
fix, Argent and Gules,
on a Chief, as the Field,
as many Crefcents all
counterchanged. This
is an Italian Coat of
rareufe,which I thought
fit to add to thefe for-
mer ; it is born by the
Name of Sdeto.

He beareth parted
per Cheveron unde, Sa-
ble and Or , three Pan-
thers heads erafed coun-
terchanged by the
Name of Smith, of old
Bttckenham in Norfolk.
Some Authors nr.; of Of-
pinion that there are no
Panthers bred in Eu-
rope ; but in Africa ,
Libya and Mauritania they are plentiful. The
Panther is a beaft of beautiful afpedt,by reafon
of the manifold variety of his divers coloured
fpots wherewith his body is overfpread. As
a Lion doth in mod things refemble the nature
of a man, fo after a fort doth the Panther of a
woman ,- for it is a beautiful beaft , and fierce,
yet very natural and loving to their young
ones , and will defend them with_ the hazard
of their own lives ; and if they mifs them ,
they bewail their lofs with loud and miferable
howling.

CHAP. III.

THERE are certain other kinds of bear-
ing of Arms , having no colour pre-
dominating, and are named of the fe-
veral things from whence they are derived ; for
fuch are abftra&ed either from Charges ordi-
nary or common. Of the firft fort are fuch ,
as being derived from fome of the Ordinaries
intreated of formerly , have their derivation
either manifeft , and do keep their name ; or
elfe obfeure, and do lofe their name.

Thofe are faid to have a manifeft derivation,
whofe Original is apparently difcerned to be
abftra&ed from fome of the faid Ordinaries, as
from Pale, Bend, Fefs, Barr, &c. Such are thefe
that follow, and their like.

He beareth Paly of
fix pieces , Or and A-
zure t by the Name of
Gurnay. Were it that
fome of the lines of Par-
tition before-mentioned
were' added unto Coat-
Armours of thefe kinds,
you ihall fee a ftrange
Metamorphofis enfue
thereupon , if withal
you do vary the colours counterly : For fo much
will they differ from themfelves, as that they
may be thought fitter to be ranged with thofe
1 aft handled, than with thefe. Hereof I will
give you one Example for all, viz. Paly of fix
parted fer Fefs , all counterchanged by the
Name of Symbarbe : but this Efcocheon is not
cut.

Y
m

nit

Sable, two Barrs Ar-
ent, on a Canton of
ic fecond , a Buck of
le firft, attired, Or ,
y the Name of Buxton;
id is born by John

-a:

He beareth barry of
fix, Or and Sable, by
the Name of Mariet ;
and is the Coat of Tho-
mas Mariet of White-
Church'm Warwickjbire,
and of Jlfiot and Tre-
s~ion in Gloceflet.jhire ,
Efq; who married one
of the Daughters and
Heirs of Sir Richard
Brawne of Alfc*t in the County of Glocefter-
Jbire, Kt.

Barry of fix pieces , Or and Azure, by the
Name of Confiable. Thefe were anciently the
Arms of one Fulco de Oyry, a noble Baron of
this Realm , whofe Daughter and Heir the
Anceftor of thefe Conftables had married ,
and bore the Arms of the faid Fuli, according
to the ufual cufteme of that Age.

Chap.III.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

He beareth Bafry of
fix, Argent and Sable , a
Canton, Ermyn, by the
Name of MarfjaU; and
is the Paternal Coat- Ar-
mour of Ralfh Marjbai
Efq. Secretary to the
Right Honourable Wil-
liam Earl of Craven, de-
fended from the Fami-
ly of the Mar/halls of
Tori/hire.

Sometimes you fhall find a Coat-Armour
compofed of more than of fix of thefe pieces,
as in this next Example.

He beareth barry of
twelve pieces, Argent
and Gules, by the Name
of Manwaring of Che-
Jhire j and is born by Sir
Thomas Manwaring of
f cover , Baronet j Tho-
mas Manwaring of
Calveley, Efquircj and
Manwaring of
u Li r Kertbi>tgham,Erq; In

the blazon of an Efcocheon of this kind of
bearing , the pieees of which it is compofed
are always of an even number ; for if they
confiftof an odd number, then fuch a Coat
mult be blazoned otherwife : As where the
Field is Argent, three Barrs, Gules, which
confift of feven pieces. And the like is to be
obferved in Coats of the like compofition , al-
ways well remembring the true quantity of e-
very fuch Ordinary , or its derivative where-
with the Field is charged: Concerning which
quantities you may receive fuffieient fatisfa&i.
on by the reading of the third, fourth, fifth
and fixth Chapters of the fecond Section. '

He beareth Bendy of
fix, Azure and Argent ,
by the Name of John
de Saint Thilibert. He
was a noble Knight, and
lived in the time of
King Edward the
Third. This is an an-
cient Family in the
County of Norfolk ,
and hath matched with
divers Houfes of good note , as well in the
fame County as ellewhere.

He beareth Bendy
wavy of fix, Argent and
Azure. This is the an-
cient Coat - Armour of
Tlayters of Sotterly in
the County of Suffolk ,
as appeareth by divers
Seals of old Deeds, and
many ancient Monu-
ments of that Family
yet to be feen in the
Parifti Church of Sotterly aforefaid. The chief
of which Family is Sir Thomas Tlayters
Knight and Baronet , now Lord Proprietary of
the laid Town.

Note that thefe, and fuch others, are ho lefs
fubjedt to charging , both in part and ajl over
than thofelafl exemplified, as by the enfuing
Examples 'is apparent.

Bendy of ten, Argent
and Gules, by the Name
of Talbot ■ and is the
Paternal Coat - Armour
of Sir Gilbert Talbot of
Salwarf in Worcefter-
fiire,Kt. Mailer of the
Jewel-houfe to his Ma-
jefty King Charles the
Second j defended of
an ancient and honoura-
ble Family, as by n j 3
Defcent and Pedigree doth appear.

He beareth Bendy
w fix , Argent ancT
Gules , on a Chief, A-
zure, a Barr indented,
Or , ty the Name of
Wittewrotig ; and with
the Arms of V liter ,
is the Coat-Armour of
Sir John Wittewrong of
Rethantflead in the Pa-
rilh of Harj/enden m
tf , Hartfordjhtre , Knight
and Baronet, defended from the Wittewronvs
in Flanders ; whofe Grandfather Jaques Wtt-
tewrong of Gaund in the faid Province did*
thence tranfplant himfelf and Family into this
Kingdom Anno i J64.

He beareth Paly of
fix, Or and Azure, a
Canton, Ermyfi, by the
Name of Shirley- a

Very ancient Family.and
defcended from Henry,
Sort of SeWallus , that
lived in the time of
King Henry the Firfi: ,
and held of him five

Knights Fees in the County of 'Darby.

thi.

a 7 8

A Difylay of Heraldry.

Sed.V.

This Coat with the Arms of Vlsier, is now
born by Sir Robert Shirley of Staunton-Harold
in Leicefter/bire, of Chartley in Staffordshire,
of Ettington'm Warwick/hire, and of Shirley,
Br ails ford, yaAEdnefton in DarbyJInre, Ba-
ronet.

He beareth Paly of
fix, Argent and Gules ,
a Cheveron , Or , by
the Name of Barkham.

jjjjj This with the Arms of
Vlffer, is the Coat-Ar-
mour of Sir Edward
Barkham of JVeftacre
in Norfolk, Baronet.

Paly of fix', Argent
and Azure, a Bend, Sa-
ble , by the Name of
Sanderfon; and was the
bearing of the Right
Reverend Father in
God Robert , late Lord
Bifhop of Lincoln, who
left Iffue Robert and
Henry Sanderfon, En-
quires.

HI? beareth Paly of
fix, Argent and Azure,
on a Bend, Gules , three
Cinquefoils , Or, by the
Name of Stradling.
This is the Paternal
Coat - Armour of the
ancient Family of the
Stradlings of St. Do-
nates in Glamorgan-
Shire ; the prefent Heir
being Sir Edward Stradling of the faid place,
Baronet , who is the three and twentieth
that in a diredt Line hath been dignified with
the Honour of Knighthood , or of a Baro-
net.

He beareth Or, a
Fefs, Azure, furmoun-
ted by a Bend , Gules,
by the Name of Elwes,
and is the Coat- Armour
of Sir Gervas Elwes of
Stoke juxta Clare in
Suffolk, Baronet. This
Coat without the Arms
of Vl(le r , is born by
Sir John Elwes of
WiltJhireXt-

Slanton-Hafley in

He beareth Barry of
fix pieces , Or and A-
zure j a Bend , Gules ,
by the name of Gaunt.
Thefe were the Arms of
Gilbert de Gaunt Earl
of Lincoln , a very no-
ble and worthy Family,
which came in with
William the Conqueror
to aid him , being his
Wives Kinfman , and defcended from the an-
cient Earls of Flanders.

He beareth Argent,
on a Pile, Azure, a Che-
veron counterchanged ,
Argent and Sable , by
the Name of Otway ;
and is the Coat-Armour
of Sir John Otway of
Ingmire in the Weft-
Riding of Tork/hire,Kt.
one of the Readers of
Grays-Inn , Chancellor
of Durham , Vice-Chamberlain of the County
Palatine of Lancafter , and one of his Maje-
fties Counfel learned in the Law.

He beareth Paly of
fix pieces, Argent and
Azure, on a Bend.Sable,
a Sword of the firft, by
the Name of Sanderfon
of Biddick within the
Bifhoprickof Durham,
which is as much to fay
as Ft lifts Alexandri. A
like Coat-Armour I do
find born by the fame
Name, which is thus blazoned , Pale-ways of
fix, Argent and Azure, a Bend, Gules, charged
with three Mullets of the firft.

CHAP. IV.

A V I N G given Examples of Coats
abftra&ed from Ordinaries by a mani-
feft derivation ; now followeth in order
tofpeakof fuchashave their derivation from
them after a more obfeure manner; as in Ex-
ample.

Chap.IV.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

'■79

He beareth Paly
of fix, Topaz and Dia-
mond, a Bend counter-
changed, by the Name
of Calvert ; and is the
bearing of the Right
Honourable Cacihus
Calvert, Baron Bal-
temore de Baltimore
in the Kingdom of Ire-
land , ablblute Lord
and Proprietary of the
Provinces of Maryland and Avolan in Ame-

The Field is Paly-
bendy, Topaz and Dia-
mond. Here you fee
that this Coat- Armour
is compofed of a kind of
mixture of two Ordi-
naries of feveral kinds ,
to wit, of Pales and of
Bends born one over-
thwart the other j for
which caufe the fame
is termed Paly-bendy , a name not unfitly ap-
propriated to fuch bearing , in refpecT: that
the participation thereof is no lefs fignificantly
expreffed thereby,than by the felf demonftrati-
on of the Coat.

Now I will ftiew you a Coat-Armour, which
although it be of this kind, yet doth it much
differ from the former.

The Field is Barry
of fix , Argent and Sa-
ble , indented the one
in the other. This
Coat - Armour is born
by the Name of Gife.
Some others blazon this
Barry -bendy- 1 ozengy,
Argent and Sable, coun-
terchanged. Sir John
Feme gives this fame
Coat the fame blazon that I do. But there is
no doubt but that one and the fclf-fame Coat-
Armour may receive two manner of blazons,

yet both good.

urn Jimilts eft ratio,

He beareth Barry-
bendy, Argent and Sa-
ble. This Coat- Armour
as you may obferve ,
contorts of a mixture of
Barrs and Bends , even
as the firft Efcocheon in
this fourth Chapter
doth of Pales and Bends;
and therefore I give it
this blazon; for fimili-
I confefs Leigh in his

Accidence of Armory ; fag. 1 56. demonftra-
teth this next Efcocheon, and blazons it Barry-
bendy ; and faith it confifteth continually of
eight pieces, and is properly fo called without
any other name ; but it is by other Blazoners
thought to be better blazoned , Barry-pily of
fo many pieces. And fo I ihall, under corre-
ction of Mr. Leigh, now blazon it.

He beareth Barry-pily
of eight pieces , Gules
and Or. I doubt not,
if the courteous Read-
er well confider the
form of the Pile ufed in
Armory, and the man-
ner of the pofition of
the Charge of this Ef-
cocheon , that he will
not much condemn this
new blazon given to this Coat-Armour.
As for the blazon of Hoy land or Holland's Coat
of ' Lincolnshire, I take it to be parted per Pale,
indented, Gules and Or.

This fhall fuffice for Coat-Armours having
an obfeure derivation from fome of the Ordi-
naries, and do keep their name. Of fuch as
do lofe the name of their Ordinaries whereof
they are compofed , I find only one fort, which
is cheeky. And this form of bearing is alfo
chargeable both in part and all over , as fhall
appear by thefe next Examples: wherein I do
omit to exemplify the fingle fort of bearing,
becaufe the fame is maniteftly and univerfally
known; but will explain the compound only as
followeth.

He beareth Cheeky,
Argent and Azure , a
Chief, Gules, by the
Name of Talmer. This
fort of compofitiori ( if
you do well obferve it j
is abftradted from Pal-
lets and Barrulets eorn-
mixt ; yet doth it not
participate either of the
one name or the other j
but is termed in blazon Cheeky. As this
Coat is charged in part , fo are there others al-
fo of the fame kind that are charged all over
as in this next Example.

280

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Ill

He beareth Cheeky,
Or and Azure, on a
Bend, Gules , three Li-
oncels rampant of the
firft. This Coat per-
tained to the worthy
Family of Clifford of
Framfton upon Severn
in the County of Glo-
cefier, being a branch
of the Right Noble
Stemm of the Earls of Cumberland. Of this
Family Tunttus a Nobleman of Normandy
("coming in with the Conquerour) was the o-
riginal Anceftor , whofe fecond Son Osbert
held Framfton upon Severn aforefaid , in the
twentieth year of his Reign ; from whom (for
want of Iffue ) it defcended to Richard his
brother, eldeft Son of f 'mil ins , and from
Richard to Walter de Clifford, Son of Ri-
chard , Father to Rofamond the Fair , who
was here born; in whicli place this Family
hath ever fince continued , being above five
hundred eighty and odd years. Captain John
Clifford, the prefent owner and polfeffor of
that ancientSeat, Anno 1675. (being the fe-
venteenth in a dired Male-line) is for want of
Iffue-male, like to be the laft of that name
there .

Of this Family of the Cliffords have been
many Perfons eminent in their Generations ,
both in Peace and Warr ; and of late years
George Earl of Cumberland , famous for his
many Services under Queen Elizabeth, efpe-
cially his taking Torto Rico in America from
the Spaniards; and fince him Thomas Lord
Clijford, Baron of Chudieigh in Dcvonfiire ,
late Lord High Treafurer oi England under his
Majefty King Charles the Second.

He beareth Cheeky,
Argent and Sable,a Fefs,
Gules, by thetSlame of
Ackland. This with
the fUms of ZJlfter , is
the Coat- Armour of Sir
Hugh Ackland' of Co-
lomb-John in . Devon-
Jhire, Baronet.

■1

ill." 1

■

III!

III

<§> &

III

Cheeky , Or and
Gules, on a Fefs, Azure,
three Efcallop- fliells ,
Argent, by the Name of
Baldock ; and is the
Coat of Sir Robert Bal-
dock of CauleRon in Nor-
foli,Kt.

He beareth Cheeky,
Argent and Gules, on a
Fels, Azure, three fini-
fter Gauntlets of the
firft , by the Name of
Goodhand. This with
a Crefcent for a differ-
ence, is the Coat -Ar-
mour of Charles Good-
hand of the Tower of
London, Gent, belong-
ing to the Office of his Majefties Ordnance ;
delcendtd from the Family of the Goodhands
of Kyrmond, alias Kerer lemon le Mire in Lin-
colnjhire.

He beareth Cheeky,
Or and Gules, a Chief,
Verry, by the Name
of Chichefter ; a Fami-
ly of good account in
T)evonJ1jire, where re-
fideth Sir John Chiche-
fter of Raleigh , Baro-
net; John and Francis
Chichefter oi HaIl,E{q.
and George Chichester
of Georgeham, Efq;

He beareth Cheeky,
Or and Azure, on a
Chief , Gules , three
Eftrich-feathersinPlume
ilfuant of the firft. This
is the Coat of Henry
Drax of Sibjy in Lin-
colnshire , and of the
Iiland of 'Barbados in
America, Efq;

He beareth Cheeky,
Argent and Gules, a
Chief indented , Azure,
by the Name of Mickle-
thwaite ; and is the
Coat-Armour of Jofeph
Micklethwaite of
S'duayne in Holdernefi
in the County of Tort-,
Efq.

Concerning Coat- Armours having no colour
predominating, and are derived from Ordi-
naries , that which hath been fpoken is fuffici-
ent : I will now conclude with two Examples
of fuch as are abftrafted for common Charges,
viz. from Fufils , Mafcles , and Lozenges,
which being born all over the Field, are term-
ed in blazony Fufily, Lozengy, Mafculy, that is
Fufil-ways, Lozenge-ways,Mafcle-ways. Thefe
alfo are found charged, and that all over, as in
thefe following Examples.

Chap.1V.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

He beareth Fufily ,
Ermyn and Sable,a Can-
ton, Or, by the Name of
Tatten ; a Family of
good note and antiqui-
ty : For in the fix and
twentieth of He my the
Sixth William Tatten,
alias IVainflete (_ from a
Town in Lincolnjhire ,
where he was born )
was Son and Heir to
Richard Tatten , and eldeft brother to John
Dean of Chichefter, and to Richard that lived
and died at Baflove in 'Derbyjiiire. He was a
Perfon by Parentage born a Gentleman ; for his
learning he was firlt confecratedBifhop oiWin-
cbefier; then for his wifedom made Lord Chan-
cellourof England, and was the fole Founder
of Magdalen Colledge in Oxford. Richard
his brother being a Lay-man , had Iffue Hum-
phrey , who feated himfelf in Lanca/ljire ■
from whom Thomas Tatten of Thornlcy in the
faid County, Gent, is defcended.

The Field is Fufil ,
Errrp n and Sable, on a
Chief of the fecond,
three Lilies , Argent.
Thefe Arms are belong-
ing to Magdalene Col-
ledge in Oxford, which
was founded by WiUiam
Wainflete , Anno 14^6.
fometimes Bifhop of
W inchefier.
Jo. Buddentts (in TVainflete's Life)affirrneth
his Name to be Tatten , of which Family this
is the Paternal Coat. And that he honoured
the fame with this Chief, to acknowledge his
Education in the Colledge of Eaton, to which
the Lilies do belong. His words are thefe, A
parent ibus (faith he) accepit hujus vita ufu-
ram, a Collegio decus S> dignitatem, utriquc
pro eo ac debmt respondendum fuit. Gefjit
idcirco in eodem clypeo utrinfque infigni a,Rom-
bos cum Liliis.

And thus briefly concluding this fifth Secli-
on,comprehending Examples of Coat-Armours
having no Tindlure predominating in them ,
and withal fhewing their fundry forms of Par-
tition, Tranfmutation , and Counterchanging,
I will addrefs my felf to the fixth and laft
Section.

The end of the Fifth SeQion.

Ann

Artis frogrejpo velocius clauditur quam inchoatur.

TH I S Sixth and laft Se&ion doth demonftrate the manner
of Marflulling divers Coat-Armours (pertaining to diftinft
Families) in one Efcocheon, as well of thofe that by occasi-
on of fome adventitious Accident are annexed to the Paternal Coat
or any Gentleman, as of thofe that by reafon of entermarriage of Per-
ions defended of feveral Families, are therein to be con/oyned. Like-
wile the manner of the Bearing of Women not under Covert Baron,

P p z

The

284

The Table of the Sixth Se&ion.

["Single; as when two Coat- Armours of diftinet Fami-
lies are conjoyned in one Efcoheon.paleways in one
Efcoeheon, which we may call Biron and Feme,

( r Upon an Ineicocheon by the Ba-
ron after IfTue received.

"Marriage ,

Manifeft,be-
tokening

i Hereditary, ligni-
tied by bearing J
the Cost of the |
I Feme I

Marihajling
is an order.
!y bellow-
ing of things

Within the E-
icocheon, by a
Difpolition ofs
Coat-Armours
ofdiftindt Fa-
milies

Gift of the Sovereign, in re-
fpedt of

^Quarterly, by their Heir.
' Special favour.

. Remuneration of fervtce.

Without the
fcocheon ,
wit,

Obfcure, as when Perfons of diMnft Families conjoyned in Marriage, have their
Coat. Armours fo marlhaUed, aj that they cannot be conceived, thereby to %
nifie a Matrimonial Conjunction.

■Above the Efcoeheon i fuch are the Helm, Mantle, Crowu, Chapeau, Wreath or
Torce,and Creft.

fMajefty ; as Emperours, Monarchs, Kings. Such are
A the moil Honourable Orders of the Garter, of
[ Saint Michael, Saint Efprite,&c.

E- J About the Efcoeheon i fuch^

are the feveral Orders
founded by Per fons of

In fome place neat to the^
Efcoeheon,

Inferiour Dignity; as the Orders of the Golden
. Fleece, and of the Annunciation.

Living things i the Arms are fa id to
be Supported by them.

r On the fides
of the E-
fcocheo^, ,
which
beingj

Dead things; the Arms are'properly
faidtobe cottifed of or with fuch
. things.

Underneath the Efcoeheon ; fuch are the Compart-
ments of Efcrole, containing the Motto, Conceit,
or Word of the Bearer.

28s

DISPLAY

0 F

HERALDRY.

SECT. VI. CHAP. I.

FROM our firft ingrefs in this Book ,
hitherto hath been handled at large
the firft part of the Divifion of this
whole Work , under the genera!
Head of Blazoning; wherein have
been confined and illuftrated Examples of the
divers and variable kinds of bearing of all man-
ner of Coat-Armours,of whatfoever fubftance,
form, or quality confifting, together with the
general and particular Rules in their proper
places, for the better inftru&ion of the regard-
ful Reader. It now fucceedeth in order to ex-
plain that other general Head ( being the fe-
cond part of the firft Divifion) termed Mar-
ftalling. Which term I am not ignorant of
how farr extent it is , not only in ordering the
parts of an Armie, but alfo for difpofing of all
perfons and things in all Solemnities and Cele-
brations , as Coronations, Interviews, Marria-
ges, Funerals, Triumphs,and the like,in which
the Office of an Herald is of principal ufe for
diredion of others; and therefore his Learning,
Judgment, and Experience ought to be able to

direct himfelf in fo weighty Affairs. But that
noble part of Marlhalling is fo abfoluteiy alrea-
dy performed by the induftrious Pen of the Ju-
dicious Sir WiUiam Segar Kt. late Garter and
Principal King at Arms, in his Book of Honour
Military and Civil , as that it were but Ar-
rogancy joyn'd with Ignorance for me to inter-
meddle in an Argument fo exactly handled :
Neither is here my purpofe other,than to con-
fine my felf to Armory only, and fo far only to
fpeak of Marlhalling, as it concerns Coat-Ar-
mours. This Marlhalling therefore is an or-
derly difpofing of fundry Coat-Armours per-
taining to diftincT: Families, and of their con-
tingent Ornaments, with their I arts and Ap-
purtenances in their proper places. Of the! e
things, fomehave their place within the E-
fcocheon, fome without: and of thofe within
the Efcocheon, fome have their occafions ob-
fcure, other fome manifeft ; as are thofe whofe
Marlhalling (according to ancient and prefcript
forms) do apparently either betoken Marriage,
or ibme gift of the Sovereign. Such as beto-
ken

2 86

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Sed.Vi.

ken Marriage do reprefent either a Match (in-
gle or hereditary : By a fingle Match I mean
the conjoyning of the Coat- Armours of a man
and a woman, defended of diftinct Families,
in one Efcocheon Pale-ways, as by Examples
following fliall appear. And this form of Im-
paling ,s divers according to the feveral Fun-
ctions of perfons , whether Ecclefiaftical or
Temporal. Such as have a Function Ecclefi-
aftical , and are preferred to the high honour
of P.iftoral Jurisdiction, are reckoned to be
knit in Nuptial bands of love and tender care to
the Cathedral Churches whereof they are Su-
perintendents, infomuch as when a Biihop de-
ceaicth, Ejus Ecclefia dicititrviduata. And
therefore their Paternal Coat is evermore mar-
fhalled on the left fide of the Efcocheon, gi-
ving the preheminence of the right fide to the
Arms of their See, ob reverenttam dignitatis
Ecclcfiaftica, for the honour due to Ecclefiafti-
cal Dignity ; asalfoin refpect that the Arms
of fuch feveral Sees have in them a kind of per-
petuity, for that they belong to a Political Bo-
dy, which never dieth. An Example of fuch
Impal ing is this which followeth.and this man-
ner of Bearing we may aptly call Baron and
Femme.

The Reverend Fa-
ther in God James
Montague , deceafed,
when he was Lord
Biihop of Bath and
Wells , and Dean of
his Majefties Chap-
pel Royal, bore two
Coats impaled , viz.
Azure, a Saltire quar-
terly quartered , Or
and Argent , for the
Arms appropriated to
his then Epifcopal
See, con joyned with his Paternal Coat, viz.
Argent, three Fufils in Fefs, Gules, within a
Bordure, Sable. Which worthy and learned
Prelate was afterwards tranflated to the See of
Wincbefter, and confequently made Prelate of
the moll; Noble Order of the Garter.This form
of bearing, with fome others before exprefled,
doth ferve fitly to exemplifie the Rule former-
ly delivered touching Bordures , viz. that a
Bordure muft give place to Impaled Coats,
Quarters, Cantons, Chiefs, ckc. I will to this
former add other Examples of this kind of im-
paling.

The moft Reverend Father in God , Dr.
William Lawde, late Lord Archbifhop of Can-
t ertury his Graces Primate of all EnglandmA
Metropolitan, Chancellor of the Univerfity of
Oxford, and one of the Lords of his Majefties
moft Honourable Privy Council,

Beareth thefe two
Coats impaled,f/«.
The Field is Jupi-
ter, a Staff in Pale,
Sol, and thereupon
a Crofs Patee , Lu-
na, furmounted of
a Pall of the laft,
charged by four o-
ther like CrofTcs
fitched, Saturn, edg-
ed and fringvd as
the fecond. This
Coat bclongeth to
the Archiepifcopai
See of Canterbury,
conjoyned with his
Lordihips own
Arms, viz. Sable,
on a Cheveron, Or , between three Stars , as
many CrofTes Patee fitchee, Gules. Here by
the way you may obferve that in this blazon , I
neither tell the number of the points of the
Stars, they being fix, nor their colour, it
being proper, which is Or, left I mould break
the two Rules given, fag. 79, 80.

The Right Reve-
rend Father in God
Richard Sterne , by
Divine Providence
Lord Archbifhop of
Tork , Primate and
Metropolitan of Eng-
land , eke. beareth
Gules , two Keys in
Saltire , Argent, in
Chief an Imperial
Crown proper, being
the Arms of his Epif-
copal See , impaled
with his Graces Pa-
ternal Coat, zvz. Or,
a Cheveron between three Crofles iloree, Sa-
ble.

The Right Reverend
Father in God Henry
Comfton, by Divine per-
miflion Lord Bifhop of
Lo>idon,Clerk of his Ma-
jefties Clofet , Dean of
his Chappel, one of the
Lords of his moft Honou-
rable Privy Council, and
brother to the Right Ho-
nourable James Earl of
Northampton, &c. bear-
eth two Coats impaled ,
viz. Gules, two Swords
in Saltire, their points erected , Argent , the
Hilts and Pomels, Or, being the Arms of his
Graces Epifcopal See, impaled with his Pater-
nal

Chap. I.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

287

aal Coat, viz. Sable, a Lion paflant guardant,
Or, between three Helmets, Argent.

The Right Reve-
rend Father in God
Teter Gunning , by
Divine permiffion Ld.
Bifhop of Ely, &c.
beareth two Coats
impaled, viz. Gules,
three Ducal Crowns,
Or, being the Arms
appropriate to his E-
pifcopal See, impaled
with his Graces Pa-
ternal Coat , viz.
Gules, on a Fefs, Ar-
gent , between three
Doves , proper , as
many Croffes forme of the Field.

The Right Reve-
rend Father in God
Nathaniel Grew Lord
Bifhop of 'Durham ,
Clerk of the Clofet
to his Majefty , and
one of the Lords of
his molt Honourable
Privy Council,Son of
the Right Honourable
John Lord Crew, Ba-
ron of Stean, beareth
Azure, a Crofs, Or,
between four Lions
rampant, Argent, im-
paled with his Lordlhips Paternal Coat , viz.
Azure, a Lion rampant, Argent.

This is the Coat- Ar-
mour of the Right
Reverend Father in
God Seth Ward, by
Divine permiffion Ld.
Bifhop of Sarum , and
Chancellor of the moft
Noble Order of the
Garter : his Grace
beareth Azure , the
blefled Virgin with her
Son in her right hand ,
and aScepter in her left,
all Or, being the Arms
of his Epilcopal See ,
impaled with his Pa-
ternal Coat, viz. A-
a Crofs Patee,Or.

7.ure.

paled, viz. Gules .

Tothefe, with the Readers patience , fhali
be added two other Examples, which, in re-
gard they are invironed with the Garter of the
Order, merit Obfervation.

The Right Reverend
Father in God Lancelot
Andrewcs deceafed ,
when he was Lord Bi-
ffiop of Winchefiet , and
Prelate of the moft No-
ble Order of the Garter
C which Office always
pertaineth to the faid
.See) bore two Coats im-
two Keys endorfed , the
Bows interlaced in Bend, the uppermoft Ar-
gent, the other Or, a Sword interpofed be-
tween them in Bend llnifterof the fecond, IV
mel and Hilts of the third, being the Arms
belonging to the faid See, conjoyned with his
Paternal Coat, viz. Argent,on a Bend engrail-
ed between two Cotizes, Sable, three Mullets ,
Or , both Coats within the Garter (forfo doth
the Prelate of the faid Order always bear his
Arms.) The works of this Right Reverend
Biffiop, lately pubhllied, do give fufficient te*
ftimony of his worth and learning.

Now becaufe the Kings of Arms do fome-
timesinlike manner (as Bilhops ufe ) impale
the Arms peculiar to their feveral Offices toge-
ther with their own Paternal Coats, as Barm
and Femme, but always in fuch cafe marlhal-
ling the Paternal on the left fide, I will infert
one of their impalements, as in Example.

That worthy Knight ,
Sir H "ill/ am Segar, Gar-
ter Principal King of
Arms, thus impaleth the
Arms pertaining to his
Office of Garter with his
own. The Coat that is
peculiar to his Offire is
thus blazoned , Argent, a
Crofs, Gules, on a Chief,
Azure, a Crown environed with a Garter,buck-
led and nowed betweeen a Lion paiTant guar-
dant, crowned, and a flower de Lis , all Or 5
conjoyned in Pale with his own proper Coats,
which are two, quarterly ; the rirft is Azure,
a Crofs moline, Argent, by the Name of Se-
gar ; the fecond Or , a Cheveron between
three Mullets, Azure, by the Name of Caken-
thorfe; the third as the fecond, the fourth as
the rirft. in like manner do Mr. Cluirenceaux
and Mr. Norroy, the other two Kings of Arms
marfhal their Coat-Armours belonging to their
feveral Offices with their own Paternal Armo-
rial Enfigns, which for brevity fake I here o*
mit.

To the end it may be the better conceived
whatis meant by the right and left fides of an
Efcocheou or Coat-Armour born impaled after

this

2 88

A DtfpHy of Heraldry,

this manner, you may imagine a man to be
Handing before you, inveftedin a Coat depict-
ed with the Arms of two feveral Families thus
con joy ned in Pale; and then that part that doth
cover his right fide will anfwer to your left :
So then accounting the Coat to be his that
weareth it , you cannot erre in your judgment
touching the' true diftincfioa of the dexter-
fide of the Efcocheon, that is due to the Man
as to the more worthy, from the finifler part
that is allotted to the Woman, or the Inferi-
our.

The mann:r of fuch impaling of Coat-Ar-
mours of diftincf: Families ( as Baron and
Femme~) by perfons Temporal, is divers from
tliis before mentioned ; for they do evermore
give the preheminence (of the dexter fide} to
the man, leaving the finifter to the womaii ,
as in Example.

This Shield is parted
per Pale , Baron and
Femme , the firft Argent,
aLion Rampant,Ermyns,
gorged with a Collar ,
Or, Langued and Arm-
ed, Gules , and is born
by the Name of GuiUim;
the fecond is Pale-ways
of fix, Argent and -Sable,
on a Bend, Or, three Pheons heads of the fe-
cond, by the Name qilfatheway.

If thefe were not Hereditary Coat- Armours,
yet fhould they have this form of marilialling
and none other, becaufe the fame is common
as well to (ingle marriages having no heredita-
ry Pofleffions, as to thofe that be hereditary.
Only in this thefe have a prerogative, which
the other have not, that the Baron having re-
ceived Iffue by his Femme, it is in his choice
whether he will ftill bear her Coat in this fort,
or elfe in an Inefcocheon upon his own, becaufe
he pretendeth (God giveth life to fuch his If-
fue) to bear the fame Coat of his Wife to him
and to his heirs ; for which caufe this Efcoche-
on thus born is called an Efcocheon of pretence.
Moreover, the heir of thefe two Inheritors
iliallbear thefe two Hereditary Coats of his
Father and Mother , to himfelf and his heirs
quarterly ; to lliew, that the Inheritance , as
well of the Poffellions,as of the Coat-Armours,
are inverted in them and their Pofterity ; where-
as, if the wife be no heir, neither her husband
nor child ftiall have further to do with her
Coat , than to fet up the fame in their houfe ,
Paleways, after the forefaid manner, fo to con-
tinue the memorial of the Fathers match with
fuch a Family. Examples whereof behold in
thefe following Efcocheons.

' 13

He beareth 4 Coats
quarterly ; tirlr, Topaz,
two barrs , Ruby, each
charged with three ■
Trefoils flipped of the
firft, by the Name of
Palmer ; fecondly ,
quarterly per Feis in-
dented, Pearl and Ru-
by , four Crefcents
counterchanged,bythe
Name of Stopham.
Thirdly, Pearl, two Bends wavy, Diamond ,
on a Chief, Ruby, three Leopards faces,Topaz,
by the Name of Clement. Fourthly, Rubv,a
Lion rampant within a Bordure indented, To-
paz, by the Name of Tuder-Maur Prince of
South-Wales. Thefe Coats thus borrl belong
to the Right Honourable Roger 'Palmer Earl
of Casllemaine , and Baron of Limber ick in
the Kingdom of Ireland, defcended from the
'Palmers of Augmering in Sujjex , a Family ,
eminent in that County for its Antiquity , and
the very great Poffeffions it had there. The
Name fignifies Pilgrim, for thofe devout per-
fons ufed (as Cambden hath it in his Remains')
to carry a Palm when they returned from Je-
rusalem. 'Twas this Religious Appellation the
Adventurers in the Holy War affumed, as we
find in Fuller and our other Writers ; fo that
feveral brave Champions (though of different
Families) returning from that moll Chriftian
Expedition, retained it ever after. This Fami-
ly bore formerly in Chief (and fome Branches
of it do fo ftill) a Greyhound currant , 1 Sable ;
and have fince the Reign of Ed-ward the firft
(with whom the Holy War may be faid to end)
to the prefent year 1678. married into four
Noble Families, to wit, the Lord Sandes's,
Dudley's , Pozvu's-, and Grandijon's • and to
ten heireifes, viz. to Sedingbam , Stopham ,
Bilton, Clement, IVejfe, Verney, Touchet, Sher-
ley, ViUiers, and Ferrers; and (omitting other
Coats) they quarter by the Elements that of
Tuder-Maur afbrefaid. They Jiave alfo match-
ed with feveral other perfons of good quality,
as the Telhams, Poleys,Mattets,t§c. and their
prefent principal Houfes or Seats are Wmgham
in Kent, Domey in Bucks , and Fairfall in
Somerfetfiire,.

.iO t 39js f i HmO ft <W''
The

Chap.I.

A Difylay of Heraldry.

The Right Honou-
rable Charles Moore ,
Earl and Vifcount of
Droheda, and Baron of
Mellefont in the King-
dom of Ireland , bear-
eth four Coats quarter-
ly ; the nrft,S;aphire, on
a Chief indented , To-
paz, three Mullets pier-
ced, Diamond, being
his Lordfhips Paternal
Coat. Secondly , Er-
myn, on a Chief, Sa-
phire, three Lions rampant, Pearl. Thirdly,
Gules, a Crofs bottone, Topaz. Fourthly ,
Saphire, a Craw-fim eredt, Pearl.

He beareth z Coats
quartered ; firft Azure,
two Eftrich Feathers in
Saltire between three
Boars-heads couped ,
Argent, by the Name
of Newton. Secondly,
Sable, a Bend fufily-
lozengy cottized, Ar-
gent, by the Name of
Tuckering ; the third
as the fecond , the fourth as the firft. Thefe
Coats with the Arms of ZJlfter, is the bearing
of Sir Henry 'Puckering alias Newton , of the
Priory near the Borough of Warwick in IVar-
wickjhire, Baronet.

He beareth 2 Coats
quarterly; firft, Argent,
a Dragons head erazed,
Vert , holding in his
mouth a hand couped at
the wrift, Cules. Se-
condly, Gules , three
Towers , Argent ; the
third as the fecond, the
fourth as the firft. Thefe
Coats with the Arms of
ZJlfter , are born by Sir Thomas Williams of
Eiham in Kent, Knight and Baronet, firft arid
principal Chymical Phyfician to his Majefty
King Charles the Second.

H^HMaf

He beareth 2 Coats
quarterly; firft, Azure,
fix Plates , on a Chief,
Or, a demy Lion ram-
pant, Gules,by the narne
of Seys, quartered with
Sable , a Cheveron be-
tween three Spears-
heads,Argent,with their
points imbrued, born by
/Eneas Seys, who was Hoftage for the County
of Glamorgan, feat to William the Conqueror;

the third as the fecond, the fourth as the firft.
Thefe Coats are thus born by Evan Seys of
Boverton in the faid County, Serjeant at Law,
by Richard Seys of Swanzey , Efq ; and. by
William Seys of KiUan in the faid County,
Efq; Sons of Richard Seys of Boverton afore"
faid, Efq; eldeft Son of Roger Seys of Bover-
ton, Efq; Attorney General of all Wales to
Queen Elizabeth, and lineally defended from
RLneas Seys , and from him Sir 'liegary Sey s ,
who was a perfon of great eminence' for his
Military Services , being commiffionated to
ferve King Richard the Second in his wars up-
on feveral Expeditions , as appears on Record ,
viz, he did command and keep the Caftle of
'Pembroke, he ferved in his wars at Calice, al-
fo againft the Scots, and in a Voyage agaiuft
Spain and Portugal, for which good Services,
amongft other his Rewards , lie was made
Knight Banneret.

He beareth quarterly,
firft, Azure, a Saltire,
Ermyn, by the Name of
Stoughton. Secondly ,
quarterly , Sable and
Gules, a Crofs, Argent,
the firft charged with
three Launce Refts, Or;
the fecond with three
Cockatrices, Or, by the
Name of Jones ; the
third as the iecond i the
fourth as the firft. Thirdly , Argent, a Lion
rampant, Gules, charged on the ftioulder with
a Trefoil flipped , Or , between eight crofs
Croflets fitcheeof the fecond, by the Name of
Brett ; the fourth as the firft. Thefe Coats
are thus born by Nathaniel Stoughton , Son of
Anthony, who was Son of William, and he Son
of Anthony , who was fecond Son of Gilbert
Stoughton , defended from the ancient Family
of the Stoughtons of Stoughton in Surrey, who
were there feated in the time of the Conqueft;
which Seat is now in the poifeUion of Sir Ni-
cholas Stoughton Baronet, lineally defended
from the faid Family ; the bearer hereof be-
ing the twentieth in a lineal defcent by the fe-
cond Line, as appears by their Pedigree at the
Colledgeof Arms, and hath now living two
Sons , William and George , by Anne Daugh-
ter and Heir of William Brough Dean of G/o~
ccfter, deceafed , by Elizabeth Daughter of
Edmund Thorold of Mar [fori in Lincelnlhire I

Q q

290

A Dtfplay of

Heraldry.

Sea.vi.

He beareth 2 Coats
quarterly ; firft, Gules,
on a Cheveron, Or, be-
tween three Bezants as
many Croffes pattee
fitchee , Sable , by the
Name of Smit ^.Second-
ly, Azure,three Urchins,
Argent, by the Name of
Heriz ; the third as the
fecond, the fourth as the
firft. Thefe Coats are thus born by Erafmiis
Smith alias Heriz, of St. Johns in the Parifh
of Clarkenwell in Middlesex, Efq; fon of Sir
Roger Smith of Edmonthorp in Leicefterjhire,
Kt. deceafed , whofe great Grandfather Wil-
liam Smith alias Hertz, of Witchcock in the
faid County, Efq; was defcended of the anci-
ent Family of Heriz in Nottingham/litre, and
married Katherme daughter of William Ajhby
of Lofeby in Leicefterfbire, Efq; whofe Ance-
ftor married with the Heir general of John
Burdett of Lofe&y aforefaid , Efq; who mar-
ried Elizabeth fole daughter and heir of Sir
Roger Zouch of Lubfthorp in Leicefter/ljire ,
Kt. whofe lineal Anceftor Allan, Vifcount of
Rohan in Little Brittam in France, married
ConSiance daughter of Conan Duke of Brit-
tain, by Maud his wife daughter of Henry
the Firft, King of England.

He beareth 1 Coats
quarterly ; firft , Or, a
Griffon rampant, Gules;
fecondly, Gules , a Sa-
razens head erazed at
the neck, Argent, envi-
roned about the temples
with a wreath of the fe-
cond, & Sable ; the third
as the fecond, the fourth
as the firft. Thefe Coats
are thus born by William Williams of Glan-
y-wati and Dyffryn in the Lordfhip oiDenbigh,
Batchelor in Divinity, Chaplain to the Right
Honourable Dorothea Helena Countefs Dowa-
ger of Derby, Re&or of the Parifhes of St.
George and St. Llanddulas , and Vicar of A-
iergeley. The firft Coat he beareth as defcend-
ed from Griffith Gock Lord of R has and Rhy-
■vomoc ; and the fecond as defcended from
Marchndd one of the fifteen Tribes of North-

Wales.

He beareth 2. Coats
quarterly ; firft, Argent,
three Lozenges in Fefs,
Gules, within a bordurc,
Sable ; fecondly, Or, -.t
fpread Eagle, Vert ; the
third as the fecond, the
fourth as the firft.- Thefe
Coats are thus born by
the Right Honourable
Ralph Mountagu Efq; fon and heir to the
Right Honourable Edward Lord Mountagu of
Boughtou , Mafter of the Horfe to her Maje- .
fty Queen Katherme, and one of his Majefties
moft Honourable Privy Council.

Thefe Coats are thus born byWilliam Mouu-
tagu Efq; fon and heir to the Honourable Wil-
liam Mountagu, Lord Chief Baron of his Ma-
lefties Court of Exchequer.

He beareth 2 Coats
quarterly ; the firft fer
Pale, Argent and Gules,
a Crofs engrailed coun-
terchanged, in the dex-
ter Chief a Cinquefoil
of the fecond , by the
Name of Lant. The
fecond, Gules, a Saltire,
Or, furmounted by ano-
ther, Vert, by the Name of Andrews ; the
third as the fecond, the fourth as the firft. Thefe
Coats thus marfhalled , with the difference of
a Mullet for the third Houfe, is the Coat -Ar-
mour of Andrew Lant of Thorp-Underwood
alias Thorp-Billet in the County of Northamp-
ton, Efq; ion of Robert Lant of London , Elq;
by Elizabeth daughter and heir of Richard
Andrew of Thorji-ZJnderwood aforefaid, Efq;
which faid Andrew Lant hath Iflue now hving
by Judith , daughter of William Vaiw.wi of
London, Efq; Judith, Elizabeth, Katherme,
Sarah, and Anna.

He beareth 2 Coats
quarterly ; firft, Vert, an
Eagle displayed, Argent;
fecondly , Argent , a
Lion rampant guardant,
Vert ; the third as the
fecond , the fourth as the
firft, Thefe Coats thus
born do belong to Ed-
ward Sherburne of the
Tower of London, Efq; Clerk of his Majefties
Ordnance within the Kingdom of Evgland;
whofe Father Edward was Son of Henry, who
was born near Trejion in Lancafliire , from
whence he removed and feated himfelf in the
City of Oxford, being defcended from the an-
cient Family of the Sherbumes of Stony-hmji
in the faid County of Lancafler.

Chap.I.

A Difylay of Heraldry.

29;

He beareth quarterly;
firft, Sable , on a Bend ,
Or, between two Nags
heads erazed , Argent ,
three Flowers de Lis of
the firft , by the Name
ot Tefys ; fecondly,
Gules, a Lion rampant
within a bordure en-
grailed ,Or,by the. Name
of Talbot ; the third as
the fecond , the fourth
as the firft. Thefe Coats are thus born by Sa-
muel Tefys of Brampton in Huntingtonfiire,
Efq- Secretary of the Admiralty to his Maje-
ity King Charles the Second; whofe great
great Grandfather John Tepys of Cottenham
in CambridgeJIjtre, married Edith fole daugh-
ter and heir of Edward Talbot of Cottenham
aforefaid , Efq; of the Noble Family of the
Earl of Shrewsbury.

He beareth 2 Coats
quarterly ; firft, Or.two
Cheverons, Gules , be-
tween fix Martlets, Sa-
ble ; fecondly , Sable, a
Bucks head cabofed, Or;
the third as the fecond,
the fourth as the firft.
This with the Arms of
Vlfier , is the Coat-Ar-
mour of Sir Thomas
Cookes of Norgrave in Com. Worcefter, Baro-
net.

He beareth quarterly ;
firft, Sable, a Crofs en-
grailed, Argent, on the
dexter quarter an Efco-
cheon of the fecond, by
the Name of Tagitt.
Secondly , Paly , Gules
and Azure, three Bucks
heads couped at the
Necks,Or,by the Name
of Lewyn. Thirdly,
Gules , on a Fefs en-
grailed , Argent , be-
tween three Waterbougets, Or, as many Crof-
fes patte, Sable, by the Name of Mercy. The
fourth as the firft. Thefe quarterings are now
born by Juftiuian Tagitt oiGravs-lun InMid-
dlejex, Efq; Cnftos Brevittm 9 Recordorum
Banco Regis , upon the death of Elizabeth
(firft wife to the Lord Mansfield, and after his
deceafe wife to Charles late Duke of Richmond
and Lenox) Grandchild and heir of William
Lewyn of Ottringden in Kent, Dr. of Laws ;
and by her death the faid Juftinidit is Co-heir
unto her, by reafon that James Tagitt Efq;
his Grandfather, married K itherine her great
Aunt, and daughter of the faid Dr. Lewyn.

He beareth 2 Coats
quarterly ; viz. Barry
of fix Ermyn and Gules,
by the Name of Huffey,
fecondly, Or , a Crofs,
Vert, alfo by the fame
Name and Family. This
is the Coat-Armour of
Sir Thomas Huffey oi
Hemington in Lincok-
jhire, Baronet. Thefe
Coats are alfo born by Thomas Hnffey of Wood-
ford in Effex, Gent.

He beareth quarterly ;
firft, Argent, two Barrs
crenelle or counter-
embattelled, Gules. Se-
condly,Argent, 5 Ferde-
molins bar-ways, Sable.
Thirdly , Barry-wavy
of fix , Argent and A-
zure, on a Chief, Or,
three Swallows volant,
Sable. The fourth as
the firft. Thefe Coats are thus born by Sir
John James of Wilsborow in Kent, Kt. and
by Roger James oi Rygate in Sttrrey, Efq; de-
fcended of the ancient and fpreadmg Family
of the James's , who tranfplanted themfelves
out of C/f ff in Germany into England, about
the beginning of the Reign of King Hetirf
the Eighth. Of which Family, Mr. Thilpot
in his Survey oj Kent, fag. 140. faith , That
Eiefytdm pafling from Sir Robert Read , Lord
Chief Juftice of the Common c Pleas , for want
of lilue-male it palled away by Sale to James,
defcended from Jacob van Haflrecht, who was
anciently feated in Cleve, Anceftor to Williatn
James alias Haflrecht, Efq; thrice Knight of
the Shire within the fpacc of five years, who
by Paternal derivation is Lord of the Manner
of Eight am: He alio faith this Family of the
James's were originally called Haflrecht , as
being Lords of a place of that Name near
Gouda , and were branched out from the anci-
ent Family of Arkell. Further he faith, That
Roger James Son of Jacob van Haflrecht, came
cut of Cle ve (whither his Anceftor ( a younger
fon of the Lord of Haflrecht, had been chafed
by one of the Lords of Holland, for that his
Father, who was alfo forced to Drnnen near
Huefden bv that Count, had been an eager Par-
tifan of his Enemy the Bilhdp ot Utrechf) in-
to England about the beginning of the Reign
of King Henry the Eighth, and being after the
Belgick mode called Roger Jacobs , the Eng-
lifh contracted it into James. And to conclude,
he faith, That by marriage the Family of Ha-
flrecht and Arkell are allied to the eminent
Houfe oUFaffenaer, ifiued out from the ancient
Counts of Holland, as likewife to the Familv
of Wacrmont near Leyden, who matched with
Q.2 the

292

A Difflay of Heraldry:

Sea. vl

the heir of Haffrecht of 'Drunen, where this
Family for many Defcents had been planted e-
ver fince their firft expulfion thither by the
Earl of Holland.

He beareth quarterly;
firft, Or, a Lion palfant,
Sable , in Chief three
Roman Piles of the fe-
cond, by the Name of
Loggan. Secondly, quar-
terly per Fefs indented,
Or and Sable, four Grif-
fons heads erazed, coun-
terchanged , a quarter-
ing anciently belonging to the Family. Third-
ly, Azure , a Cheveron between three Kites
heads crazed, Or, by the Name of Kite. The
fourth as the firft. Thefe Coats are thus quar-
tered by William Loggan of Butler-MarBon
in Warwickjhift, Efq.

Here you fee the bear-
ing of Hereditary Coat-
Armours ( both of the
Father and Mother) by
the Son ; and this Coat-
Armour muft be blazon-
ed after this manner.

He beareth two Coats
quarterly as followeth.
The firft is Argent, a Li-
on rampant, Ermyns , gorged with a Collar ,
Or, langued and armed, Gules, by the Name
of Guillim, The fecond is Pale-ways of fix,
Argent and Sable, on a Bend, Or, three Pheons
of the fecond ; the third as the fecond , the
fourth as the firft, by the Name of Hat be-way.
And in this manner fhall you blazon all Coats
of like bearing, as in Example.

He beareth two Coats
quarterly ; whereof the
firft is Sable, Platee, two
Flaunches, Argent ; the
fecond is Gules, a Chief,
Ermyn ; the third as
the fecond, the fourth
as the firft. Thefe Coat-
Armours thus marflial-
led, are born by Sir
Henry Spelman Kt. a man very ftudious, a fa-
vourer of Learning, and a careful preferver of
Antiquities. And fometimes ycu fhall find
four ieveral Coats born quarterly, for the rea-
fon atbrefaid, as in Example.

1 © (

1 ©f :

He beareth four Coats
quarterly ; whereof the
firft is Sable, a Fefs, Or,
between three Ailes
palfant, Argent, by the
Name of Afcough. The
fecond is Or, a Bend ,
Azure, by the Name of
Cathrope. The third is
Argent, a Saltire,Gules,
on a Chief of the fecond, three Efcallops of the
firft, aCrefcent for a difference, by the Name
of Talboys. The fourth is Gules, three Mul-
lets, Argent, by the Name of Hanjard. Thefe
Coat-Armours thus marflialled, did belong un-
to Sir Edward Afcough of the County of Lin-
coln, Kt.

He beareth two Coats
quarterly ; firft, Sable,a
Lion palfant , Argent,
by the Name of Taylor-
fecondly, Sable, a Che-
veron, Ermyn, between
three Rams heads era-
zed , Argent , armed ,
Or , by the Name of
Ramfey; the third as
the fecond , the fourth
as the firft. Thefe Coats
are born by Thomas Taylor of Bradley in Hant-
foire, Efq; fon of Thomas, and he of John of
Rodmorton mGlocefierJIjire, by the fifter and
foleheirof Sir Thomas Ramfey Kt. fometime
Lord Maior of London ; which John was de-
fended from Carlijle in Cumberland.

He beareth 6 Coats
quarterly; firft, Ar-
gent , three Cinque-
foils, Gules, each
charged with fiveAn-
nulets, Or, by the
Name of Southwell.
Secondly , Ermyn,
two Annulets linked
together, Sable, on a
Chief of the fecond,
three Crofles Pattee,
Argent, by the Name of Witchingham.Thlrd-
ly, quarterly Or and Azure, over all on a Bend,
Gules, three Efcallop-fhells, Argent, by the
Name of Falslofe. Fourthly, Azure, a Fefs
between two Cheverons,Argent, by the Name
of Tendering. Fifthly, Gules,a Cheveron be-
tween ten crofs Crofters, Or, by the Name of
Holbroake. Sixthly, Or, three Bulls heads
cabofed, Sable, by the Name of Gore. Thefe
Coats are thus born by Sir Robert South-well
Kt. one of the Clerks attending his Majefty in
his moil Honourable Privy Council, delccn'ded
from, the Family of the Southwells, anciently
of Southwell in Nettinghamjbire, afteru nrds

, of »

Chap. J.

A D ifj> fay of Heraldry.

of Ifoodrifing in Norfolk , and now ofKmfale
in the Kingdom of Ireland.

This form of bearing of divers Coats mar-
•halled together in one Efcocheon impaled, as
aforefaid, was in ufe near hand within a thou-
iand years fmce within the Realm of France ,
as appeureth by Frances de Rojters, lib. Stem-
mafom Latbaringia \ where amongft many
Tranfcripts of Kings Charters made to Reli-
gious Houfes, under their Seals of Arms, he j
mentioneth one made by Dagobert King of j
France, to Modoaldus Archbiihop of Trevers,
for the Cell of St. Maurice of Toledo in Spain ;
which Charter was fealed with three Seals :
His words are thefe , Hoc diploma tnbusfigil-
lisfirmatum eft, frimo aureo Dagobert i,\u\\\A\
■was (as he had formerly defcribed it ) habens
injculptnmfcutumliliis plenum, fecundo cereo
Cumberti, tertio etiam cereo Clodulphi ; in
quo eft fcutum partitnm impre(fnm,prior pars
decor at a cruce, ac Efcar bode, 'feu Car bunculo ;
altera fajaa: T>at. Cal. Maij, Anno Domi-
nica Jncarnationis, 6zz.

Concerning the orderly bearing of fuch Coat-
Armours Paleways in one Efcocheon, note that
Gerard Leigh, making mention of the mar-
flialhng of diversFemmes with one Baronfzith,
Jf a man do marry two wives, they {ball be both
placed on the left fide in the fame Efcocheon
tvttb him,as parted per Tale. The firft wives
Coat Jhallftand on the Chief part , and the [e-
cottd on the Baje. Or, he may fet them both in
r ale with his own, thefirft wives Coat next
to himfelf , and his fecond uttermoft. And if
he have three wives, then the two fir ft matches
Pall Hand on the Chief part, and the third
Jball have the whole Bafe. And if he have a
fourth wife, Jbemufl participate the one half
of the Bafe with the third wife ; andfo will
theyjeem to be fo many Coats quartered But
here you muft obferve, that thofe forms of im-
pahngs are meant of Hereditary Coats.where-
by the Husband flood in expectancy of advan-
cing his Family , through the poffibility of re-
ceiving Lfue, thatfo thofe Hereditary Polfef-
fionsof his wife might be united to his own
Patrimony.

It was an ancient way of impaling to take
hall the Husbands Coat, and with that to joyn
as much of the Wives, as appeareth in an old
Roll , wherein the three Lions , being the
Arms of England, are dimidiated and impa-
led with half the Pales of Arragon The
hke hath alfo been pradtifed with quartered
Coats by leaving out half of them, as in
Example.

Dering having mar-
ried the daughter and
heir of K«*/ theirGrand-
child, leaving out the
left half of his Shield ,
did in that place impale
his wives Arms , where-
of are many Examples.
This being of the age of
Henry the Seventh's
time, is both carved on Monuments and colour-
ed in Glafs, and is in this manner blazoned:'
He beareth per Pale, Baron and Femme; the
iirfl of two Coitspcr Fefs , Or, a Saltire, Sa-
ble, by the Name of Dering. The fecond ,
Or, a Crofs engrailed, Gules, differenced with
aCrefcent, Argent, by the Name of Haute ,
matched with Azure, a Lion rampant , Or ,
crowned Argent, by the Name of Darell. This
was thus born byfohn Tiering of Sureudeu Tie-
ring in the Ccunty.of Kent, Efq;whofe Grand-
mother was the Coheir of Haute, and his wife
the fitter of Sir John Darell of Calehill in the
faid County, Kt. The Heir of which Family
and Mannor of Surenden Dering is at prefent
that excellent accomplithed Gentleman Sir Ed-
ward Tiering, Baronet, from whofe modefty
(though he be the exact Patern of vertuous
qualities for the Gentry of this Kingdom to
admire and imitate ) I am to fear a check for
this too brief Eulogie. From the other Co-
heir of the faid Haute is defcended by Godwell
Sir Thomas Roe Kt. whofe deferts in Publick
Service hath made him famous. From the a-
forefaid Sir John Tlarell of the ancient Family
of Sezay in Torhjhire, did defcend Sir Robert
Darell of Calehill,Kt. who by 'jane Daughter
and Coheir of Chriftopher Tolderby, £fq ; left
IlTue four Sons, the eldeft of which was Sit
JohuDarell , who married Elizabeth daugh-
ter of Sir Edward, and filler to the abovefaid
Sir EdwardDering.

He beareth per Pale,
Baron znd Femme; the
firft of the two Coats ,
Luna, a Lion rampant,
Saturn,as King of Leons.
the fecond, Mars, aCa-
ftie,Sol, as King of Ca-
yWf,impaled with Luna,
three Bam, Jupiter , a
Bordure , Mars , being
the Arms of the Earl of Tontife,\vhote Daugh-
ter the King of Leons and Caftile married.

Thus

! 9 4

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Sea.Vt

Thus alfo the Arms
of France and England
are impaled for the
French King Lewis the
Twelfth , and Mary his
Wife, fitter to our King
Henry the Eighth, as is
apparent by Efcocheons
in colours of the fame
Age whilft they lived.

And for the Antiquity of bearing divers Coats
quartered in one Efcochcon, the fame Author
Francis de Rojiers, reciteth a Charter of Re-
nate King of Angiers, Sicily, and Jerusalem,
&c. concerning his receiving of the Brethren
of the Monaftery named Belprey, into his pro-
tection, ABnm Nanceij, Anno i4jy. addingin
the end thereof thefe words,Arma Arragoma,
Sic ilia ,Hierufalem, Andes. Whereby (if I
miftake him not) he givcth us to underftand
that his Seal of Arms did comprehend all thefe
Coats born together quarterly in one Efcoche-
on ; becaufe he holdeth the fame form of de-
fcription of Seals of that kind throughout all
his Collection of Charters.

As touching this quarterly bearing of many
Coats pertaining to fundry Families together
in one Efcocheon, William Wicley doth utterly
millike it, holding the fame to be better fitting
a Pedigree to be locked up in a Cheft, as an e-
videncc ferving for approbation of the Allian-
ces of Families, or Inducements to title of
Lands, rather than multitudes of them fhould
be heaped together in or upon any thing or-
dained for Military ufe : For Banners , Stan-
dards, and other like Martial Enfigns, were or-
dained for no other ufe , but for a Commander
to lead or be known by in the Field ; to which
purpofe thefe marks mould be made apparent
and eafie to be difcerned , which cannot be
where many Coats are thronged together, and
fo become unfit to the Field, and therefore to
be abolifhed of Commanders.

Only he holdeth it expedient , that a Prince
or Noble-man, having title to fome Countrey,
for the obtaining whereof he is inforced to
make warr, fhould ihew forth his Standard of
the Arms of that Countrey quartered with his
own, amongft thofe people , which in right
and confeience do owe him obedience ; that
they may be thereby induced the fooner
to fubmit themfelves to him as to their true
and lawful Sovereign or Lord. So did Edward
the third, King of England, when he fet on
foot his title to the Kingdom of France, Ihew-
ing forth the Arms of France quartered in his
Royal Banner with the Arms of England. But
for fuch pcrfons as are but Commanders under
them, it is very abfur'd , fince thereof enfue
oftentimes many dangerous errors ; Et irre-
ckperaiilii eff error qui -violent ia Mirttt com-
mittitur. Having before made mention of an

Inefcocheon, and of the bearing of the Arms
of the Femme by the Baron afar lilue received
by her, flie being an Inheritrix , 1 will now
here give you an Example, as well to fhew the
occalion of fuch bearing , as alfo the manner
and fituation thereof.

The Field is Pearl, a
Crofs raguled and trun-
ked, Diamond, the Pa-
ttrnal-Coat of the Lord
Sands , thereon an In-
efcocheon of two Coats
born quarterly; the firft
is Pearl, a Cheveron be-
tween three Eagles legs
erazed a laquije , Dia-
mond. The fecond, Verry, three Bends, Ru-
by, both which are born by the Name of Bray,
This Coat-Armour thus marfhalied, was born
by William Lord Sands that was Lord Cham-
berlain to King Henry the Eighth (by whom
he was advanced to that Dignity) and took to
Wife Margaret Bray, Daughter and heir of
John Bray , and alfo Neece and Heir to Regi-
nald Bray a famous Banneret. This William
Lord Sands,\vd.s Father to 'Thomas LordSands,
and Grandfather to William Baron Sands ; and
having Iffue by the faid Margaret, did there-
upon aHume the bearing of her Arms upon his
own in an Inefcocheon on this manner , which
he couid not have done unlefs flie had been an
Heir, for otherwife he muft have born the fame
ftill impaled, and not otherwifemotwithftand-
ing the Iifue received by her. Some other Ex-
amples of which kind of bearings are demon-
strated unto you in thefe next Efcocheons.

He beareth Azurc,(lo-
ry,a Lion rampant guar-
dant , Argent , by the
Name of Holland , and
with the Arms of ZJl-

^nllWL/r^ ft er -> ' stne Coat- Armour
<• "XW.W 1 ' of Sir John Holland of
Qnidenham in Norfolk ,
Baronet, defcended from
the Hollands of the an-
cient Houfc of Denton
in Lancajbire. The Inefcocheon of Pretence
is Gules, two Barrs Ermyn, on a Canton, Sa-
ble , a Ferdemolinc, Argent, by the Name of
T ant on, and is thus born by him in right of his
Lady Alathea, Daughter and Coheir of John
T ant on of Bruinjhof. in Denbighfliire, Efq;
who was Dowager of the Right Honourable
William Lord Sandys of the Vine in Hant-
Jjjire, -deceafed.

Chap.I.

A Difp/ay of Heraldry.

295

He beareth Argent ,
three Mafcles, Sable, on
a Chief of the fecond, |
as many Lions rampant
of the iirrt r by the Name
of Ha/.fon. The In'r
efcochi-on of Pretence ,
viz. a Lion palfant in
Chief, and three Dag-
gers in Bafe with their
Cornels conjoyned, and
their points extended to the corners of the E-
fcocheon, is the Arms cf Norton, and is thus
born by Francis Han/on of Abingdon'va Berk-
Jhire, Efq; who is now married to Prudence,
one of the Daughters and Coheirs of Sir Tho-
mas Norton of Coventrcy in Warwick/hire, Ba-
ronet. . . I

He beareth two Ccm$
quarterlv,with anlnefco-
cheon of Pretence ,
the firft fer Bend Nebu-
le, Or and Sable, a Lion
rampant counterchan-
ged , by the Name of
Sympfon. The fecond,
Argent, a Fefs , Gules ,
between three Spar-
hawks, Sable, by the
Name of One flow. The third as the fecond,
the fourth as the firft. The Inefcocheon of
Pretence, Azure, a Pile, Ermyn, by the Name
of Wyche : This is the bearing of Dr. John
Sympfon, fon of Mr. John Sympfon of Tolton
in Bedford/ljire , by Martha Daughter and
Heir of George One flow of Oneflow in Shrop-
fiire; he married Elizabeth Daughter and
Heir of Richard Wyche , eldeft Brother of
SirfVf er Wyche.

He beareth four Coats
quarterly , with an In-
efcocheon of Pretence ,
•viz. the firft is Argent ,
three Cornilh Choughs,
proper, by the Name of
l Pennefhn. The fecond
is , Gules , a Fefs be-
tween fix Billets, Or, by
the Name of Beau-
champe of Holt. The third is Gules, a Lion
rampant, Argent , differenced with a Crefcent,
by the Name of Mowbray. The fourth is
quarterly , Or and Gules, a Bend of the fe-
cond, by the Name of Beanchampe Baron of
Bedford. The Inefcocheon is Argent, a Fefs,
Gules, in Chief three Crolfes botony of the fe-
cond, by the Name of Wat fon, all which , a-
mongft many other quarterings, appertained to
Sir Thomas Tenuefton of Halfied in Kent, Rt.
and Baronet, deceafed, whofe Wife Elizabeth
was Daughter and fole Heir of Sir Thomas Wat-

fon Kt. (Rehft of Sir William Tupe Kt. eldeft
fon to the Earl of T)owne, by whom he the
faid Sir Thomas Tennejlon hath Illue, by Tealbn
whereof he beareth her Cqat-Annour ia the
Inefcocheon : I have omitted to blazon his
Baronets mark, becaufe it is not cut in the E-
fcocheon.

As for antiquity of bearing of Inefcocheons,
I find them very anciently ulcd a long time by
the Emperoursof Germ my ; for they always
placed an Inefcocheon of their Paternal Coat
i on the breaft of the Imperial Eagle. And alfo
' divers noble and worthy Families of this Land,
ufed the like bearing in the feveral reigns of
fundry of our Kings, viz. in the time of Ri-
chard the fecond, Simon Barley bare m an In-
efcocheon the Arms of Hufly. In the time of
Henry the ht~th,Ri chard Beauchamfethe great
Ezr\ of Warwick, bare the Arms of SfenJ'er
and Clare quarterly in an Inefcocheon over his
own Paternal Coat-Armour . and many other
in like fort.

Concerning the bearing of the Wives Coat-
Armour by the Husband impaled,or otherwife,
there are fome that do boldly affirm, That it is
not permitted by Law , but only tolerated
through cuftome ; and do (with ChaJJanaus }
alledge for proof thereof,£?«o*/ Arma von tranf-
ettnt ad cognatos 13 affiles, quia cognati de-
[cendentes ex femina twn feint de familia : be-
caufe by reafon of her marriage {he renouncetli
the Name of the Family whereof Ihe is defend-
ed, and affumeth the Name of her Husbands
Family, as we formerly ihewed, where we in-
treated of differences which are not permitted
to the Females. And an efpecial reafon there-
of may be this, Quia Agnationts dignitas Jem-
per debit efejalva ; the Agnation (which is of
the Fathers fide ~) muft be preferved entire,and
therefore the Honour or Arms of it not to be
carried into another Family.

Now becaufe fome mifunderftanding the
Rule given in the fixth Chapter of the firlt Se-
ction, where it is faid, That to TDatt^hter never
were any differences allowed, do'" hold, that
the Husband in the impaling of his Wives
Coat- Armour with his own , may omit fuch
difference as her Father ( admitting him to be
a younger Brother, or defended of a younger
Brother) bore to diftinguifh him from the el-
der brother ; I think it not amiis here to ob-
ferve unto the young Student in Armory , that
every Gentleman of Coat-Armour which mar-
rietha Gentlewoman whofe Father did bear
any difference in his Coat , ought in the im-
palement of his Wives Arms to retain the fame
difference which her Father bore , as in thefe
Examples.

296

A Difylay of Heraldry.

He beareth Baron
and Femrne two Coats
impaled ; firft , Ermyn,
two Piles in point,Sable,
by the Name of Holies.
The fecond, a
Crofs between 4 Nails,
by the Name of
Tile, and is the Coat-
Armour of the Ho-
nourable Sir Francis
tidies of Wynterborne
St. Martynm 7)orfet/bire Baronet, only Son
and Heir apparent of the Right Honourable
Deuzel Baron Holies of Ifield, whole prcfent
Baronettefsis Anne Tile, the eldeft Daugh-
ter and Coheir of Sir Francis Tile the fecond
of that Name of Compton-Beauchamjie in Berh-
lljire, Baronet.

He beareth Baron
and Femme, two Coats
impaled ; firft, Sable, a
Maunch, Argent, within
aBordure, Or, an Orle
of Lions paws in Saltire,
Gules, by the Name of
Wharton,' and is the Pa-
ternal Coat - Armour of
the Right Honourable
Tbilip Lord Wharton,
Baron Wharton of Wharton in Weflmoreland.
The fecond, on a Cheveron 3

Mullets by the Name of Carr, and is fo

born by his Lordlliip in right of his Lady Anne,
Daughter of William Carr of Femiha/l in the
Kingdom of Scotland,E(q; who was one of the
Gentlemen of the Bed-chamber to Kingjames.
By which faid Lady his Lordlhip hath Ifluc
William Wharton Efq; his fourth Son ; and
three others by his former Lady.

He beareth Baron
and Femme ; the firft
fer Fcfs, Argent and Sa-
ble, a Fefs counter-im-
battelled between three
Falconscounterchanged,
belled and jelled, Or,by
the Name of Thomfjon;
impaled with Argent, a
Cheveron between 3
Wolves heads erazed, Gules , by the Name of
Lovel. Thefe Coats are thus born by Sir Hen-
ry Thompfou of Marfton within the County of
the City of Fork, Kt. who married Sxfanna
Daughter of Thomas Lovel of Skelton in the
North-Riding of Torkjliire.

He beareth Baron
and Femme ; the firft
Ermyn, on a Chief, A-
zure, three Lions ram-
pant, Or , by the Name
of Aucher ■ impaled
with Azure, a Cheveron
between three Garbs ,
Or , by the Name of
Hatton, and is thus born
by Sir Anthony Aucher of Bifbopstonrn in
Kent, Knight and Baronet , now married to
one of the Daughters of Sir Robert Hatton de-
ceafed, one of the Chamberlains of hisMaje-
fties Exchequer.

He beareth Baron
and Femme ; the firft ,
Vert , a Cheveron be-
tween threeBucks Hand-
ing at gaze, Or, by the
Name of Robinfou ; im-
paled with Azure, cru-
iily three Cinquefoils ,
Argent , by the Name
of Darcy. Thefe^ Coats
are thus born by Sir Medca/f Robinjon of New-
ly in the North-Riding of TorbJIjire, Baronet,
married to Margaret Daughter of Sir Will 1am
i)arcy of Witton-Cajile in the Bifhoprick of
Durham.

He beareth Baron
and Femme two Coats
impaled ; the firft , Sa-
ble, a Cheveron engrail-
ed between three Plates,
each charged with a
Pale,Gules,by the Name
of Dockwray. The
fecond Paly of fix Ar-
gent and Azure, on a
Bend , Sable , a Sword of the firft , by the
Name of Sanderfon. Thefe Coats thus mar-
fhalled are born by Jo/ias T)ockivray Doctor of
the Civil Law in both Univerfities of this
Realm , and now refideth at Nuburne in Nor-
thumberland , being Vicar thereof , where he
hath built at his own coft a new Vicarage-
houfe.

This

Chap.I.

A D iff I ay of Heraldry.

/f\ff\ *

This Efcocheon is par-
ted /w Pale Baron and
bemme. The Baron's
Arms are Gules, a Fret, 1
Argent, which belong i
unto the ancient Family 1
ol the Flemings , and
which are now enjoyed
by ■'Daniel Fleming of
Rydal-haU'm the Conn- I
tyof Weftmore/aud,Efq;
who quarters the Arms of Vr{wich,Lancafier, I
Hodleftou, Milium, Boyvill, Fewwick,Stapplc- !
ton, Falconbridge, Fit z- Alan, Maltr avers ,\
Ingham, Tie la Fool, and Chaucer. He is de-
fended from (being next Heir-male of) Mi-
chael le Fleming of Gleaftou-Ca[lle in Aiding-
ham within the County of Lancafter , and of
Caeruarvon-Cafile in Beckermet within the
County of Cumberland ; who being an active
young man, and related unto Bald-wine Earl
ot Flanders , was fent over bv him with For-
ces to aid King William the Conqueror his Son
in Law, and was afterwards fent Northward
with divers of his Countrey-men , to oppofe
the Scots ; and a Colony of Flemings was pla-
ced at Car li fle by King William Rufus foon af-
ter he had repaired the fame, and built the Ca-
ttle there. This Michael, for his good fer-
vice, had a very fair Eftate given him in the ,
faid Counties; part of which [till continues in |
his Family and Sirname : And as he was called
Fleming from Flanders his Native Countrey • ;
lb was Mitcbel-Land (or Michael- Land ) in!
Lanca/lnre denominated from him. He and
his Pofterity had commonly in Records and
Writings Le prefixed to their Sirname , until
King Edward the fourth's time. This Micha-
el placed Sir William le Fleming Kt. his eldeft
fon, at Aldingham aforefaid (to help to defend
that more againft the King's Enemies) whofe
Eftate not long after did go with a Daughter to
the Causfields, and from them in like manner
to the Harringtons ; and Sir Ki chard le Fle-
ming Kt.his fecond fon,he featcd at Beckermet
aforefaid, who had that Mannor (with other
Lands) given him, and whofe Ifliie-Male doth
ftill enjoy the fame. From this Stem (its faid)
the Earls of Wigton in Scotland, and Barons
of Slane in Ireland, are branched forth. And
although King Henry the firft fent moll of the
Flemings then in England unto Rofi, a Coun-
trey in Wales; yet he permitted the faid Mi-
chael and his Children to remain in Lanca-
jhire and Cumberland , when many other of
his Mothers kindred were removed. The
Femme's Arms are Argent, a Crofs engrailed,
Sable, between four Ogreffes, charged with as
many Pheons of the hrft ; which Arms the
faid Daniel Fleming doth impale, having mar-
ried Barbara the eldeft Daughter of Sir Henry
Fletcher of Huttoti in the Foreft within the
County of Cumberland, Baronet , who being

*97

a Colonel for the late King , engaged fo hearti-
ly and valiantly in his fervice, as lie raifeda
Regiment of Foot for his Majeftv, he aiiirted
in the Defence of the City of Carlifle , durmg
all the time of that memorable Siege ; and he-
was afterwards (lain (with many other Noble
and Loyal Pcrfons on the King's fide) in the
Fight at Routon-Heath, within two miles of
the City of Chefter, the zqtb. day of Septemb.
Anno Dom. 164^.

He beareth Barch
and Femme; the firft,
Argent , on a Chief,
Vert, three Crefcents of
the Field, by the Nam e
of Symplon. 1 he le -
cond is Gyronny of four,
Argent and Gules, a Sal-
tire between four crofs
Croflets , all counter-
changed, by the Name
ot'Twifdeu; and is thus born by Sir John Symp-
lon of the Inner 'Temple, London, Kt. one of
his Majefties Serjeants at Law, delcended from
the ancient Family of the Sympfons in the
North of England ; now married to Jane,
eldeft Daughter of Sir Thomas Twifden of Eaft-
Malling in Kent, Knight and Baronet, one of
the Juftices of his Majefties Court of Kings-
Bench.

He beareth Baron
and Femme, two Coats
impaled ; firft, Azure, a
Crefcent, Argent,by the
Name of Lucie ; impa-
led with Argent, on a
Chief, Gules, two Mul-
lets, Or , by the Name
of St.John.Thek Coats
are thus born by Jacob
Lucie of the City of
London, Efq; now married to Mary Daughter
of John St. John of Coldovertou in the County
of Leicejter, Efq.

He beareth per
Pale. Baron and
Femme ; firft, Or,
a Pile engrailed ,
Sable,by the name
of Waterhoufe;ia\-
palcd with Or , 3
Stars iiluant from
as manyCrefcents,
Gules,by the name
of Bateman.Thek
Coats are thus
born by Edward
Waterhoufe of Greerfvrd in Middlesex, Efq;
who married Elizabeth Daughter of Richard
Batcman, eldeft Son of Robert Bateman Efq;
Chamberlain of London.

R r He

2 9 8

A Difflay of Heraldry.

Seft. VI

He beareth fer Pale
Baron and Femme ; firft,
Gules, a Fefs , Argent,
between three Plates, by
the name of Minors ;
impaled with Or , two
Barrs, Gules, in Chief
three Torteuxes, by the
name of Wake; and is
thus born by Richard
Minors at London, Mer-
chant, who married E-
lizabeth Daughter of Sir John Wake of Cleve-
don in SomerjetJIiire, Baronet.

He beareth Baron
and Femme ; firft, Sable,
on a Cheveron embat-
telled, Or , between 3
Pole-Axes , Argent , as
many Pellets , by the
name of Fryth ; impa-
led with Azure , on a
Cheveron, Argent , be-
tween three Pheons,Or,
as many Crofles formy,
Gules , by the name of
Wightwickjn right of his wife Elizabeth,on\y
daughter of Francis Wigth-w-ick of Wightwick
in Com. fratditf.Efq; Thefe Coats are thus born
by Rowland Fryth of Thorites in StaffordJJjire,
Gent.

This Efcocheon is
parted fer Pale Baron
and Femme. The firft
is Or, on a Fefs between
three crofs Croflets, Sa-
ble , as many Efcallop-
fhells of the firft, by the
name of Fluggen. The
fecond is Argent , on a
Bend , Gules , between
twoCotizes, Sable, three pair of wings joyn-
ed in lewer as the firft, in Chief a Flower de
Lis, for a difference by the name of Wingfield.
The Husbands name, whofe Arms are here
demonftrated, was Alexander Huggen , who
took to wife Elizabeth daughter of Humphrey
Wingfield of Brantham'm Suffolk, Efq; and of
Elizabeth his wife, daughter and coheir of Sir
Thomas Nevill Kt. younger fon of Richard
Nevi II Lord Latimer ■ which Humphrey Wing-
field being defcended of Sir Humphrey Wing-
' field Kt. a younger brother of the ancient Fa-
mily of the Wingfields of Letheriiigham in the
faid County, bore his Coat-Armour fo diffe-
renced with the Flower de Lis.

But now to return to marlhalling: If a Coat-
Armour that is bordured be born fo!e of it felf ,
then fhall the bordure inviron the Coat round ;
but if fuch a Coat be marflialled Paleways with
another, as a marriage, then muft that part of

the bordure which refpecfeth theCoat annexed,
give place thereunto, whether the Coat
bordured be marflialled on the dexter part of
the Efcocheon, or the fmifter , as in Example.

This Efcocheon is par-
K&fer Pale, Baron and
Femme. The firft is
quarterly ,Or and Gules,
a bordure, Sable, charg-
ed with Efcallop-fhells ,
Argent, by the name of
Henmngham. The fe-
cond, Cheeky , Or and
Azure, a Fefs, Ermyn,
by thename ot'Callhrop.
Here you fee that part of the bordure exempt-
ed that is next to the impaled Coat; fo fhould
it alfo have been if the fame had been mar-
flialled on the finifter fide.

He beareth fer Pale
Baron and Femme; the
firft, Sable, a Cheveron,
Argent, between three
crofsCroflets fitchee,Or,
by the name of Struts
In the fecond place or
fide, three Coats barr-
ways; the firft, Argent,
a Fefs , Vert , between
three Torteuxes , by the
name of Stanefmore.
Secondly, Sable, a Cheveron between three
Cinquefoils, Ermyn , by the name of Wood-
houje. Thirdly, fer Cheveron , Argent and
Gules,a Crefcent counterchanged, by the name
of Chafman. Thefe Coats are thus born by
Sit Dewier Strut of Little-Warley in EJfex ,
Baronet, who firft married Dorothy daughter
of Francis Stanefmore of FrowleJiz>orth in
Leice[ter/htre,E(<.\; fecondly, Elizabeth daugh-
ter of Sir Thomas Woodhoufe of Kimberley in
Norfolk , Knight and Baronet ; and thirdly,
Mary daughter of T 'homos Chafmm of Loudvn.

He beareth Baron
impaled between his
Femmes or Wives. The
firft , Argent , a Lion
rampant, Gules, within
a Bordure , Sable , on a
Canton , Azure , a Harp
Or, crowned, proper,
by the name of Lane.
On the dexter fide,
Gules, on a Bend , Or,
three Martlets, Sab!e,by
the name of Brabazon. And on the finifter,
quarterly, Or and Gules, a Bend Verrey, by
the name of Sackvile. Thefe Coats with the
Arms of Vlfler , are born by the Right Ho-
nourable Sir George Lane of Tulske in the
County of Roj'comou in Ireland, Knight and

baronet,

Chap.I.

Baronet, principal Secretary of State, and Pri-
vy Councellor to his Majcfty King Charles the
Second in the Kingdom of 'Ireland. He was
firlc married to Dorcas daughter of Sir Antho-
ny BrabazovAkx. third fon of Edward Lord
Brabazon Baron of Atherdee, and brother to
the Right Honourable William Earl of Meath ;
and now married to the Lady F>'ancisSaclvile,
fifth daughter (but fecond now living") to the
Right Honourable /?.t/j.wy/ Earl of -JDerfet.

He beareth Baron
impaled between his
wives. The firft, Gules,
on a Bend , Or , three
Martlets, Sable, by the
name of Collins. On the
dexter fide, Azure, a Fefs,
between three Chef-
rooks, Or, by the name
of Bodenham. On the
finifter, Argent, on a Bend, Guks , three Ea-
glets difpla) ed , Or, by the name of Abington.
Thefc Coats are thus born by Samuel Collins
Dr. in Phyfick, late Fellow of trinity Colledge
in Cambridge, only fon of John Collins , late
Parfon of Ret herfie la 'in Sujj'ex, delcended from,
the ancient Family of the Col/ins of the Coun-
ties of Somerset and T)evon. Firft married to
Anne eldeft daughter of John Bodenham Efq;
defended from the ancient Family of the Bo-
denhams of Wilt/hire and Hen for dfiire , by
whom he hath fil'ue Martha , and is now mar-
ried to Dame Kalheriue, Countcfs Dowager
of Carnwath in Scotland, daughter of John
Abington of T)o\jvdefwell in Glocefler/hire
Elq. defcerided from the ancient Family of the
Abingtons of Glocefter/hire, by whom he hath
two daughters now living, viz. Anne and E-
lizabeth.

He bears a Baron or
7 % Man impaled, or in Pale,
' between his 7 Femmes
. or Wives , four on the
J dexter fide , and three
on the finifter, all barr-
ways. And firft in the
middle, Sable, Semy de
Cinquefoils, a Lion ram-
pant, Argent, by the
name of 'CI 'if 'im. Then
in the chief dexter, Ruby, a Chevron between
three Crolles botony, Topaz, being the Coat of
the Lady -'Penelope Rich, firft wife of the faid
Sir Gervas, daughter of the Right Honoura-
ble Robert Earl ot Warwick. Secondly ,on the
fame fide cheeky, Topaz and Saphire , a Fefs
Ruby, being the Coat of the Lady Francis
ilifford , daughter of the Right Honourable
Francis Earl of Cumberland , fecond wife of
the faid Sir Gervas. Thirdly,/>f>- Pale,Azure,
and Argent, a Griffon paffant, counterchantred'
by the name of EgMe, third wife. Fourthly '

A D iff I ay of Heraldry.

._ -f99

in the bafe dexter, Gules, three Chevcrons,Ar-
gent, by the name of Meet, fourth Wife.
Fifthly, in the ch ef finifter., Argent,t.vo Barrs,
Gules, in chief, a Mullet, Sable, by the name
of South, fifth wife. .Sixthly, Argent , on a
Cheveron,, Sable, three Caterfoils, Or, by the
name of Ejre , being fixth wife, Seventhly ,
Pearl, a Marich, Diamond, which is the Coat of
the Lady Alice, daughter of the Right Hp*
nourMe Henry Haflugs Earl oft Bum irgioti,
the feventh and latl wife of the faid Sir Gcr-

I will mew you in like manner, how if a
Coat-Armour bordured be honoured With a
Canton,quarter, &c. the bordnre muft in like
manner give place unto them, as in thefe next
Examples may be feen.

He beareth Gules , a
Cheveron between three
Lions paws, creeled and
erazed within a bordure,
Argent,on a chief of the
fecond, an Eagle display-
ed, Sable, by the name
ot Brown. Here you
fee the bordure giveth
place unto the chief.
Though this Coat may
feem to be over much charged (to be good)yet
the occafion of the addition of the chief and
Eagle thereupon being duly weighed, it is both
good and commendable bearing ; for that it
was given for fome fpecial fervice performed
by the firft bearer hereof in Embaffsge to the
Emperour.

He hearth Argent ,
three Palets, Gules, on
a Canton of the fecond,
a Spun- with a rowel
downwards, leathered!,
Or, a ; bordure engrailed,
Sable , by the name of
Knight ■ and is'bornb,
Nathaif Kn/jht of Ruf-
combein Berbfl)ire,E{a ;
As the bordure doth here give place to theCan-
ton, 10 muft it alfo to a Qyarter,&c. Tilliet,
making mention of a Spurr, faith, That gilt
Spurrs were fit for the dignity of a Knight ,
and white Spurrs for an Ei'quire ; both Spurrs
and Bridles are neceffary for men of command;
yet with that caution wherewith Thcebus ad-
momlhed young Phaeton in auidinji the Horfes
of the Sun,

Tarcepuer slimulis, IS fortius utere lor is.

(ufe.

Be [paring of thy Spurrs, but Bridle ftrongly

Note, that if a bordured Coat be to be mar-
llialled amongft other Coats quarterly, then
fliallno part of the bordure be omitted, but
R r 2 t h e

300

the bordure fhall environ the fame round (ex-
cept it be honoured with a Chief, Canton ,
Quarter,&c. asaforefaid) even as it were born
alone of itfelf.

A Difflayof Heraldry.

Sed.Vi,

CHAP. II-

FRorn fuch marfhallings as do betoken mar-
riage I come to fuch as betoken a girt ot
the Sovereign by way of augmentation.
Thefe arc bellowed, either tor favour or
meritjthough the very winning of favour with
Sovereign Princes muft be alfo reputed merit ,
becaufe

Trincipbus placuijfe viris turn ultima lam eft;
To win great Princes love great pratfoit merits.

Of the firft fort are all thofe Armorial figns
which the Sovereign (to honour the Bearer,and
to diaaifie his Coat-Armour) doth annex to the
Paternal Coat of fome efpecial Favorites, im-
parting unto them fome parcel of his Royal
Enfigns or Badges, thatfo he may transterrto
Pofterities fome Monument of his gracious Fa-
vour ; and of thofe fome are marlhalled Pale-
ways' and others otherways.

Of the firft fort are the next Efcocheons ,
and their like, wherein the priority of place is
due to thofe of free gift, which muft be mar-
mailed on the dexter fide ot the Efcocheon, be-
fore the Paternal Coat, Ob reverent tarn mum-
fcentie Regain, as in Example.

The Lady Jane Sey-
mour, afterward wife to
King Henry the eighth,
and mother to the molt
noble Prince, King Ed-
ward the fixth , recei-
ved as an augmentation
of Honour to her Fami-
ly by the gift of the faid
King her Husband, thefe
Arms born on the dexter
fide of the Efcocheon, viz. Sol, on a Pile,
Mars, between fix Flowers de Lis, Jupiter ,
three Lions paffant guardant of the firft ; im-
paled with her Paternal Coat, viz. Mars, two
Angels-wings Paleways inverted, Sol. which
faid Coats are now born by the Right No-
ble John Duke of Sorrier [et , &c. and by the
Riaht Honourable Edward Seymour of Mai-
den-Bradley in Wiltflrire, Speaker of the Ho-
nourable Houfe of Commons, Treafurer of his
Majefties Navy, and one of his Majefties moft
Honourable Privy Council, £<c.

Upon like confedera-
tion the faid King Henry
the eighth gave unto
the Lady [Catherine
Howard his fourth wife,
in token of fpeoal fa-
vour, and as an aug-
mentation of Honour ,
thefe Arms on the dex-
ter part of this Efcoche-
on , which for like re-
fpe<2 were preferred before her Paternal Coat,
viz. Jupiter, three Flowers d; Lis in Pale, Sol
between two Flanches, Ermyn, each charged
with a Role, Mars, conjoyned with her Pater-
nal Coat , viz. Mars, a Bend between fix crofs
Crofiets fitchee, Luna.

Moreover , the faid
King Henry the eighth
for the refpedf. aforefaid,
gave unto his fixth and
laft wife the Lady K.i-
theriue Torre, as an in-
creafe of Honour to her
and to her Family, thefe
Arms on the dexter fide
of the Efcocheon, viz,
Sol, on a Pale between
fixRofes, Mars, three others, Luna ; annexed
to her Paternal Coat, [al. Luna , two Barrs,
Jupiter, a bordure engrailed, Saturn.

Thefe may ferve fufficiently to exempiifie
the bearing of augmentations or additions
of Honour annexed to Paternal Coat-Armours
Paleways. Now mall follow fuch as are mar-
fhalled with them after fome other manner :
for in fome of them there is annexed a part 111
a part • in other fome, the whole in a part. By
a part in a part, I mean the annexing of a par-
cel of the Royal Enfignsor Badges ot the So-
vereign in or upon tome one portion of the
Efcocheon, as in or upon a Canton , Chief ,
Quarter, &c. as followeth in thele next Exam-
ples.

He beareth , Azure ,
the Wheel of a Water-
mill,Or. This was the
Coat-Armour of that
worthy Gentleman Ni-
colas de Molme, a noble
Senator of the magnifi-
cent State of Venice,
who being implo) ed by
the moft nobleDuke and
the State in Ambaifage
to the facred Majefty of our late dread Sove-
reign King James, upon acceptable fervice by
him performed both to his then Majefty and to
the faid State, itpleafed his Highnefs not only
gracioufly to remunerate him with the dignity

Chap.II.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

301

of Knighthood in an honourable Affembly of
many noble Peers, Ladies, Knights and Gen-
tlemen ; but alfo for a further honour by his
HighnelTes Letters Patents under his great Seal
of England, to ennoblilh the Coat-Armour of
the faid Nicolas de Moline,by way of augmen-
tation, with a Canton , Argent , the charge
whereof doth partic.pate of the Royal Badges
of the feveral Kingdoms of England and Scot-
land, viz. of the red Rofe of England , and
Thiftle of Scotland, conjoyned Paieways,as by
the faid Letters Patents appeareth in thefe
words : Evident Domimtm Nicolaum de Mo-
line in frequent iTrocerum noftrorum prociden-
tia, Equitem auratum meritb creavimus. Et
infitj/er equeftri huic dignitati in honoris accej-
fionem adjecimus , ut in avito Clypeo gentilitio
Cantonem gefiet argent enm , cum Anglia Roja
rubeute partita Scotia Car duo virente coti-
jttnttum : Que ex Infignibtis noftrj) Regiis (fe-
ciali noftra gratia dijcerp/imtis, ut virtuti be-
ne merenti Juus couflaret honor : Et noslra in
tantum virum benevolent lee teftimonium in
perpetuum extaret.

He beareth, Argent,
a Chief, Azure, over all
a Lion rampant, Gules,
crowned, Or. This was
the Coat-Armour of Sir
Henry St. George , Kt.
Richmond Herald, who
being imployed by the
Sacred Majefty of our
dread Sovereign King
Charles the firft, to Gu-
ilavus Adolphus King of Swedelaud , Anno
"Bom. 162.7. when the Order of the Garter
was fent to that King, was not only remunera-
ted by the faid King of Swedelaud with the
dignity of Knighthood, but alfo by Letters Pa-
tents under the faid Kings great Seal , had his
Coat-Armour by way of augmentation,adorned
with a Canton, Or, charged with the Arms of
the Kingdom of Swedelaud, viz. in an Efco-
cheon, Azure, three Crowns , as by the faid
Letters Patents , bearing date the 26 day of
September, in the Year of our Lord God 1627.
appeareth. This kind of augmentation agree-
ing in nature with the former, I thought not a-
mifs to infert here. Thefe Arms thus mar-
shalled, as in the Efcocheon is dcmonftrated ,
may receive this blazon, He beareth, Argent,
a Chief,Azure ; over alia Lion rampant, Gules,
crowned, Or , on a Canton of the fourth, an
Efcocheon as the fecond , charged with three
Crowns. Here in this blazon I tell not the co-
lour of the Crowns, it being Or, for the rea-
fon given /vTf;, zoj. And here I think it not
impertinent to the matter here handled , to
treat of fuch augmentations as our late Sove-
reign King James, of happy memory, granted
to Baronets of this Kindom , who for certain
disburfments towards the Plantation in Vlfler

\ in the Kingdom of Ireland, created divers into
this dignity,tmd made it hered tary. To which
Baronets his faid Majefty by decree granted ,
that they and their defcendants (hall and may
j bear, either in a Canton in their Coat ofArms,
1 or in an Inefcocheon at their Election ,in a fields
(Argent, a hand, Gules ; examples of which
bearing by Baronets you may find in divers
places of this prefent Book. But here I cannot ,
but give a Caveat to thofe worthy Perfonages,
I who have been created into this dignity, that
J they fhould be more careful than many of them
I have formerly been, in bearing of this worthy
I augmentation : for there are fome of thefe,
j who being mifinftructec! by fome Pretenders to
j the Knowledge of Armory , have very incon-
gruoully , and contrary to the Rules of Heral-
dry, without confultation had with any Offi-
cer of Arms, marfhalled this augmentation
with their own Arms in places improper.

He beareth quarter-
ly, crenelle, Gules and
Or. In the firft quar-
ter upon a Tower, Ar-
gent, a Lion palTant
guardant. Secondly,-
Vert , a Buck paflant
within an Orle of
Trefoils flipped , Or.
The third as the £}•
cond, the fourth as
the firft. Thefe Coats
are thus born by Sir
John Robin [on of the City of London, Alder-
man, Knight and Baronet , and Lieutenant of
his Majefties Tower of London.

He beareth, Or, on a
Fefs, between two Che-
verons, Sable, 5 Croifes
forme of the field , a
Canton, Gules, charged
with a Lion of England,
being the Coat ot Sir
John Walpoole Kt. Cor^
net to the late King in
his own Troop ; to me-
morate whofe prudence
and courage in his Ma-
jefties Service, particularly at Croplady-bridge i
Letithiel, the firft Newberry, Rowton,Nafe-
by, and other places , his Majefty by Sir Ed-
ward Walker, Garter King at Arms, confer-
red this Canton for an augmentation, and for
his Creft an Arm holding the Cornet-Royal t
therein the Kings Motto, T)ieu ® mon Tlroit,

The

A Dtfylay of Heraldry.

bed. VI.

The Honourable Sir
Edward Walker Kt.
Garter, Principal King
at Arms, and one of the
Clerks of his Majefties
mofl Honourable Privy
Council,beareth 2 Coats
quarterly; rirft,Argent,
on a Crofs, Gules , five
Leopards heads, Or, be-
ing an augmentation to
his Paternal Coat, w'«.Argent, a Cheveron be-
tween three Creicents, Sable. The third as
the fccond, the fourth as the firft.

<H> A ©

a© m
~g[7

He beareth quarter-
ly, Sable and Argent ,
in the firft and fourth
three Mullets of the fe-
cond , by the name of
Newman ; and is the
Coat-Armour of Rich-
ard Newman oiFifpeld-
Magdalen in Dorfet-
Jhirt , Efq; and as an
augmentation of Honour, his prefent Majefty
King CAWfj- the fecond, for the good fervice
and imprifonmet of Richard Newman Fa-
ther of the faid Richard , in the late Civil
Wa'rrs, did grant to him and his Family the
faid augmentation , viz. Gules, a Percullis
crowned, Or.

He beareth quarterly,
firft, Vert, a Bend Lo-
zenge, Or. Secondly ,
fcr Cheveron , Argent
and Sable , - three
Cinquefoils counter-
changed. The third as
the fecond , the fourth
as the firft, by the Name
of Knight ; over all as
an augmentation of Ho-
nour in an Efcocheon , Argent , St. George's
Crofs , is the bearing of John Knight of Dur-
ham-yard in the Parifli of St. Martins in the
fields in Com. Middlesex , Efq; Principal Chi-
rurgeon to his Majefty King Charles the fe-
cond.

Sometimes thefe augmentations are found
to be born upon a Chief of the Efcocheon, a-
bove the Paternal Coat, as in this next Ex-
ample.

The Field is Topnz ,
two Bans , Saplure , a
Chief quarterly , Jupi-
ter and Mars, on the iirft
two Flowers de Lis, Sol;
the fecond charged with
one Lion pallant guar-
dant of the laii; the
third as the fecond, the
fourth as the firft. This
Coat bclongeth to the
Right Honourable the Earl of Rutland , Lord
Rojeof Hamlal-e,Triislut and Belvoire,\\ hic\\
was given in augmentation to this Family, thev
being defcended of the Blood Royal from King
Edward the fourth. This alfo is a form of
bearing of a part in a part : for here is abated
one Flower de Lis of the Armsof France . and
two Lions of the Arms of England, and born
on the chief part of the Elcochcon.

Now in the next place, by the Whole in a
part, I mean the bearing of the Royal Enligns
oi the Sovereign wholly in fome part of the
Efcocheon , as in Example.

* * * •

The Field is Topaz, a
Fefs of the Sovereign
Enligns within a bordure
Gobonatcd , Pearl and
Saphire. This Coat-
Armour appertained to
the moft noble and truly
honourable Edward
Somerset, late Earl of
Worceffer, tSc. deceafed,
a Noble Peer, v\hofe
greatVertues were every way correfpondt nt to
the greatnefs of his place and honour. But the
prelent Marquefs of Worcefter , who is Earl of
Glamorgan, Baron Herbert of Chef [low, Rag-
land , and Gower, Lord Lieutenant of the
Counties of GloceHer , Hereford, and Man-
mouth, Prefident of Wales and of the Marlhes,
Knight of the Noble Order of the Garter, and
one of the Lords of his Majefties moft Honou-
rable Privy Council, &c. bears within a Gar-
ter, and a bordure Gobony, Pearl and Saphire
quarterly, France and England.

Thus much for tokens of the Sovereigns Fa-
vour: which kind of gifts, though the pro-
ceed alfo from high merit ( for the moft part )
in the receivers, yet we rather entitle them fa-
vours than merits, becaufe their gratitude is the
greater, by whom fuch Princely regards are ra-
ther imputed to their Sovereigns meer bounty,
than to their own defert.

CHAP.

Chap III.

A Dtfplay of Heraldry.

303

CHAP. III.

~B N the precedent Chapter enough hath
I been la id of augmentations or additions of
Honour bellowed by the Sovereign in to-
ken of Princely Favour : Now of luch as
he giveth in remuneration of merit , either
immediately by himfclf, or mediately by his
General or Vicegerent, either in requital of ac-
ceptable fervice performed, or for encourage-
ment to future honourable attempts , which is
then chielly effected when vertue is duly re-
warded. Such remunerations are conferred up-
on men imployed either in warfare (be it fecu-
lar or fpiritual) or in affairs civil.

Of the firft fort were thofe that were profef-
fed in the feveral orders of fpiritual Knighthood
of lafe ufe in this Land, but now abolifhed,^^:.
the Knights of Saint John of Jernfalem, and
Knights Tellers; of which the firft is the
chiefeft, whofe beginning,faith Sir John Feme,
was in the time of Godfrey firft Chriftian King
of Jerufalem.

The profeflion of this Order was to fight for
Gods honour againft the Infidels, and (as they
were taught by the Romifh Synagogue ~) for
holy St. John. This Order was begun in the
Year of Grace 11 20. Their Habit was a long
Gown or Robe of black, with a white Crols
upon the breaft. The Enfign Armorial of their
Order was an Efcocheon, Gules, a plain Crofs,
Argent. And this is now known for the Arms
of Savoy, by reafon that the firft Amadem or
Amy, Earl of Savoy, being in Arms with the
Brethren of this fpiritual Knighthood at the
fiege of Acres, after that their Grand-mafter
was ilain by the Saracens, leaft the Infidels
Ihould thereupon take a greater confidence of
Victory by knowledge of his death, at their
requeft he did put on the Armour of their llain
General, and the long Robe of black Cloth,
with the Arms of the faid Order, and then de-
meaned himfelf with fuch valdur in Battel ,
that after he had flain the Admiral of the Sa-
racens with his own hand, he funk and put to
flight the moft part of their Foifts, Ships, and
Gallies, and in fine, redeemed the City of A-
cres from aperillousNaval fiege.

For which benefit done to Religion , the
Knights of the faid Order requefted the faid
Earl of Savoy to advance for his Coat-Armour
this Enfign here mentioned. Since which time,
all thofe that entred the faid Order, have alfo
had their Paternal Coat- Armour infigned with
this Crofson the Chief of their Paternal Coat,
as followeth.

» — J " 1 — 1

1 u J

Hebcareth two Coats
quarterly , the firft is
parted per Fefs Undee,
Sable andAzure,a Caftle, .
with 1 four Towers, Ar-
gent. The fecond is
Or , on a Cheveron ,
Vert,threc Ravens heads
erazed, Argent; the third
as the fecond, the fourth
as the firft, enfigntd all
over with a Chief, Gules , and thereon a Crofs
of the third. This Coat-Armour thus mar-
fhailed, was born by the Name of Rawjon,
Knight of this Order,and fometime Lord Prior
of the late diilolved Priory of Kylmancham ,
fituated neer to the City of Dublin within the
Realm of Ireland. Such remunerations as are
bellowed upon military perfons lecular, are
thefe that follow and their like.

Hebeareth, Argent,
on a Bend, Gules , be-
tween three Pellets, as
many Swans,proper, re-
warded with a Canton
fmifter , Azure , there-
upon a demy Ram
mounting, Argent, arm-
ed , Or , between two
Flowers deLis of the laft,
over all a Battoon dex-
terways, as the fecond in the Canton. Here
you may note by the way , that it is no fault
to repeat any word in the blazon of this Can-
ton which was ufed in the blazon of the Pater-
nal Coat , this Canton being upon the occafion
here declared, added to the Paternal Coat.This
Coat-Armour thus marfhailed pertained to Sir
William Clarke Kt. deceafed, by hereditary de-
fcent from Sir John Clarke his Grandfather ,
who took in lawful warrs Lewii de Orleans
Duke of Longevile and Marqui.s of Rotuelme
prifoner, at the journey of Bomy by Te rovane,
the fixteenth day of Avguft, Anna Henr. 8.
In memory of which fervice the Coat-Armour
of the Duke was given him , marfhailed on a
Canton finifter in this manner, by fpecial com-
mandment from the King, who fent his War-
rant to the Heralds,wi!ling and requiring them
topublifli the fame authentickly under their
hands and feals , for continuance of the me-
mory thereof to Pofterity enfuing ; which was
performed accordingly : the fubltance and er-
fe<2: whereof, together with this Coat, is ex-
preffed upon the Monument of the faid Sir John
Clarke in the Church of Tame in the County
of Oxford. In this Coat is confirmed my Af-
fertion formerly fet down, touching as well the
ufe, as the dignity of the Canton linifter,which
in worth is equal to the dexter Canton, though
not fo ufually born.

3°4

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Sea.vi.

I
■

m?<>

He beareth per Fefs,
Or and Gules.a Lozenge
counterchanged,re ward-
ed with a Canton , A-
zure,thereon a Lion fup-
porting a Curtelas blade,
chained and colIared,Ar-
gent, by the Name of
Kirke ; and is born by
Sir John Kim of Eaft-
ham in the County of
E(fex,Kt. one of the Band of Gentlemen Pen-
fioncrs in Ordinary to his Majefty King Charles
the fecond , and Receiver and Paymafter of
the faid Band by Patent under the great Seal of
England; which faid Sir John is defcended
from Sir T)avid Kirke Kt. who w as Governor
and Proprietor of Newfoundland in America.
This augmentation was given to the faid Sir
David Kirke, to Lewu Kirke Governor of
Canada, and to Captain Thomas Kirke Vice-
Admiral of the Engliih Fleet, and to their De-
fendants, for their good fervices done in en-
countering and vanquishing the French Navy
under the Command of Monfieur de Rockmond
then Admiral, and bringing the faid Admiral
prifoner to England; and tor taking the faid
Countrey of Canada then belonging to the
French, which was fortified by them, in which
Expedition the faid Sir David took Monfieur
Champlaine their Governor, and brought him
prifoner to England.

To thefe donative augmentations of Arms,
I will add certain Arms Alfumptive, which are
fuch as a man of his proper right may affume as
the guerdon of his valorous fervice , with the
approbation of his Sovereign, and of the He-
rald. As if a man being no Gentleman of blood
or Coat-Armour, or elfe being a Gentleman of
blood and Coat-Arinour,fliall captivate or take
prifoner in any lawful warrs any Gentleman,
great Lord or Prince ( as faith Sir John Feme *)
he may bear the fhield of that prifoner, and en-
joy it to him and his heirs for ever,it the fame be
not by like infortune regained, be he Chriftian
or Pagan, for that is but a vain and frivolous di-
ftinction. Thefe are fuch as the Bearers or
fome of their Anceftors have forced from the
enemy, either in compelling him to flight, and
fo to forfake his Arms or Enfigns, or by firong
hand furprife him prifoner, in jufio bello , or
having flain him, fo gained to himfelf Q jure
gentium ) an abfolute intereft in the Enfigns
of his conquered Foe. And in this fenfe may
that affertion of Bertolus be verified , where
he faith, Et jam popnlares propria author ita-
te arma fibi ajfumere poffmit ; but not other-
wife, becaufe the bafe fort of men having no
generous blood in them , are not capable of
Armorial Enfigns, which are the4>adges of no-
ble difpofition or generous birth, and therefore
they ought not to be beftowed upon fuch per-
fons , Quia entia nolunt male difpo7ii, Arift.

Met. But in this -fenfe it may be understood
that he that is not defcended of gentle blood,
is holden worthy to bear the Coat-Armour
that he hath gained , for the apparent tokens
of vertue and valour that are lound in him.
That the vanquifher may bear the Arms of the
vanquished, I (hall make apparent by this next
Example.

The Field is Topaz, a
Lion rampant,Diamond,
langued and armed, Ru-
by. 'Peter Balthazar
in his Book of the De-
fcents of the Forefters
and Earls of Flanders ,
faith, That the Arms
now horn by the Earls
of that Countrey , were
won by Philip e/Alface, the fixth Earl thereof,
about the Tear of Redemption 1 92. (what time
he made his Voyage into the Holy Land) from
Nobilion King of Albania, a Turk , whom he
had put to flight, and flain vsith his own hands
in a Battel. And this is the Juftice of the Law
Military, Quia dominium rerumjufto bello cap-
tarum in victor ttn trausfertur, as Ayala obfer-
veth. Yet this is of many men holden a thing
very injurious, for that oftentimes the more
valourous man by meer cafualty falleth into the
hands of the lefs valiant, and the moft worthy
is often furprifed by him that in comparifon is
of no worth at all. Neverthelefs , the Law
whereupon this Cuftome is grounded, is equal
and juft, albeit the event thereof falleth out
oftentimes very hardly , as noteth Caffius, fay-
ing, Meliores in bello vitti quandoque deteric-
ribus parere compelli videntur. For the Law-
makers did providently ordain for encourage-
ment of men of action, that the Victor fhall
be rewarded on this manner: For albeit the
faculties and inward indowments of the mind
can by no means be difcovered, whereby each
man ought to receive remuneration anfwerable
to the true meafure^of his worth and valour ,
yet did they prudently provide for the reward-
ing of them: In qui bus vefiigia qntcdam &
quafi expreffa imagines vera fortitudinis ®
magnammitatis apparent. And Balthafar
Ayala faith, Quod diamtjusto bello capta fieri
capientium , nou folum in rebus fed etiamper-
fonis liberis jure gentium Si civili receptum
fait, ut mancipiafiereut capientium. If then
the perfons of the vanquished be fubject to this
Law, it were an abfurd thing to think that the
pofieffory things of the vanquished Should be
more priviledged than their owners that are
interetfed in them.

CHAP.

Chap.IV.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

3 C 5

CHAP.

IV.

Concerning Coat-Armours marlhalled
within the Efcocheon, whereof the oc-
cafions are manifeft, we have hitherto
intreated; now of fuch as have their
occafions lefs manifeft. Thofe are fuch as be-
ing hereditary Coat-Armours are fo obfcurely
marlhalled in one Efcocheon , as that thereby
the beholder can yield no reafon or yet conje-
ctural probability of fuch their union, nor may
well difcern them to be diftincT: Coats : So as
it often falleth out that they are miftaken for
fome new coined Coat, rather than two Coats
of diftincT: Families , and fo reckoned to be a
Coat too bad to be born. And fuch marflialling
is either one above another, or one upon ano-
ther. Of the firft fort may we reckon the
Coat-Armour of Browne before exemplified ,
as alfo thefe following and their like.

He beareth per Pale,
Gules and Sable , on a
Crofs engrailed, Argent,
five Lozenges, Purpure,
on a Chief, Or, three
Eagles legs.erazed a ~la-
quife , Azure ; by the
Name of Mundy of
Market on, and Quarn-
don in Dcrbyjhire , de-
fended from Sir John Muudy Lord Mayor of
the City of London, Anno i jzz.

- He beareth , Sable ,
an Eagle difplaied , Or,
on a Chief, Azure, bor-
dured, Argent, a Che-
veron between two Cre-
fcents above, andaRofe
below, Or, by the Name
of MytioYs. This form
of marflialling of divers
Coats doth Upton ap-
prove, in cafe where'a
man hath large Poffefiions by his Mother , and
fmall Patrimony from his Father, then he may
bear his Mothers Arms wholly on the neather
part of the ffneld, and his Fathers on a Chief,
in this manner. And for the better approba-
tion hereof, he fetteth down an exemplary
Coat, which he blazoneth after this manner:
Tort at unum (ignum capitate de nigro , & tres
Rofas rubeas in campo aureo, cum uno capite
rubeo , & tribtis talentis in eodemM^oa fome
fuch like consideration it may feem that thefe,
being formerly the Coat-Armours of two di-
ftincT: Families, were conjoyned as in this Efco-
cheon appcareth, but now being both thus u-
nited , and withal inverted in the blood of the
bearer, through cuftome and tract of time con-

curring, reckoned but one Coat, and born by
one name.

Another form of bearing of divers Coats
(upon like occafion) much different from this,
doth the fame Author commend, that is to fay,
the bearing of the Mothers Arms upon the Fa-
thers (by the heir) in a Bend : And this doth
he reckon to be the beft manner of bearing fuch
Arms, faying, Optimus certe modus portandi
diver Ja arma in uno faito habetur in islis Ben-
dis, quia babens patrimoniiim d fin pat re di-
miJSutti , S alias cert as terras per matrem fibi
' provenientes , quibus quidem terris maternis
cert a appropriantttr Armaab ant i quo, tit forte
quia ipja anna materna [ortiuntitr nomen pro-
genia fine ■ Tunc ipfi hares, fivoluerit,foteft
port arc Arma integra fin pat r is in fiuto piano,
(3 in tali BendapotcJ, I port are Arma materna.
Of this form of bearing you may fee a demon-
ftration in this next Efchocheon.

He beareth, Gules j
a Crofs flurte, Or, on a
Bend,Azure,three Flow-
ers de Lis of the fecond,
by the Name of Lati-
mer. The firft and un-
dermoft of thefe was of
it felf a .perfect Coat ,
and born by the Name
of Latimer, before the
Bend thus charged was
annexed: And that this Coat born on the Bend
is alfo a perfect Coat, you.fhall perceive, if by
Upton's direction you reduce the Bend into the
form of an Efcocheon , and place the three
Flowers de Lis in the corners of the fame. I
fee not, but a man may as well fay, that the
bearing of Arms of the Husband or of the
Wife one upon another on a Fefs, were as good
and lawful , as upon a Bend, Quia Jimdium
fimilis eft ratio. But tiiefe may feem rather
to be conceited forms than received grounds of
marfhalling ; otherwife their ufe would have
been rhore frequent. But the mod . approved
forts of marflialling with us ,are thofe before-
mentioned, viz. impaling, quartering , and
bearing in an Inefcocheon.

Not unaptly may thefe Coats be faid to be
obfcurely marlhalled, when the occafion thereof
cannot be either certainly difcerned , or yet
probably conjectured, neither can it be with
reafon conceived , whether the Superiour be
born for the Fathers Coat, or for the Mothers.
And thus much fhall fuffice concerning Coat-
Armours marfhalled within the Efcocheon.

S f

CHAP.

306

A Difylay of Heraldry.

Seft. VI.

CHAP. V.

AMongft the various bearings of Coat-
Armour in this Book, the Authour, Mr.
Guillim, hath given no example of the
bearing of women in a Lozenge,as not
under Covert Baron; which being very necef-
fary to be taken notice of, I have here inferted
the Arms of ome few,who for their Venues and
generous Educations, may defervedly be made
the Patterns of Bearings in this kind. This
manner of bearing in Lozenges by unmarried
women, may feein to take its rife or original
from the Fufil or Spindle of Yarn, fingle wo-
men being called Spinfters , Nunquam a Lan-
cea tranfibat ad fufum, fays Fauine , fpeaking
of Salique Land, It never paft from the Launce
totheFufil, Lozenge, or Spindle. But ^Plu-
tarch gives a more noble and ancient derivati-
on of this form of bearing , where he tells us
in the life of Thefeus, That in the City of Me-
gara (in his time)the Tombs of Stone where-
in the bodies of the Amazons lay interred ,
were cut in the form or fafhion of a Lozenge ,
in imitation of their Ihields, according to the
manner of Greece.

She beareth in
a Lozenge per
Pale Baron and
Femme,. 2 Coats
impaled. The
firft Diamond, 5
Bucks heads ca-
bofed, Pearl, at-
tired, Topaz, by
the name of Ca-
vendijb. The
fecond,Topaz,a
Saltire andChief,
Ruby, by the
Name of Bruce.
This is the At-
chievement of
that great and
vertuous Lady Cbriflian , Countefs Dowager
of Devonshire, Widow of the Right Honou-
rable William Cavendifl), B aron of Hardwick,
and Earl of Devonjiiire, Mother of the Right
Honourable William now Earl of Devon , and
Daughter of the Right Honourable Edward
Lord Bruce, and Sifter to the Right Honoura-
ble Thomas Earl of Elgin ,fkc.

She beareth in a Lo-
zenge per Pale Baron
and Femme. The firft
Vert, a Cinquefoil
within a bordure en-
grailed , Argent , by
the Name of Afhley.
The fecond Sable, on
a Fefs between three
Crolfes pattee, Or, as
many Martlets of the
Field, by the Name of Samwayes ; which faid
Coats were born by Anne Samwayes Lady
Dowager Ajhley , the Widow of Sir Francis
Afljley of Dorchefler in the County of Dor jet,
Kt. one of the elder Serjeants at Law unto K.
Charles the firft ; which Lady deceafed on the
lothoi June 1649. aged 66 years and fix days,
whofe body lieth invaulted with the body of
her Husband , who deceafed about the fame
age, in the Chancel of the great Church of St.
Peter in 'Dorchefler aforefaid.

She beareth in a Lo-
zenge Baron and
Femme, the firft
a Crofs, be-
tween four Nails,
by the Name of Tile ,
The fecond , Argent,
Gutte de L'eau, three
Rofes, Gules , barbed
proper, by the Name
of Still ; which Coats
are born by Jane Still Baronettefs, Dowager
Tile, the Widow of Sir Francis Tile , the fe-
cond of that Name , of Ccmpton-Beanchamfe
in the County of Berks, Baronet.

She beareth
two Coats im-
paled ; the firft,
Gules, Semyde
Mullets , Or, 3
Swords barways
proper, the mid-
dlemen: encoun-
ttring the other
two , a Canton
per Fefs, Argent
and Vert, there-
on a Lion of
England, by the
Name of Clmte.
The fecond, Ar-
gent , a Cheveron, Gules,between three Flow-
ers deLis, Sable, by the Name ofDixwell;
which Coats were thus impaled by Elizabeth
Daughter of Mark Dixwcll of Brome in
Barham in Kent, Efq; late wife of Edward
Chute of Swrenden in Betherjden in the faid
County, Efq.

Thus

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Chap.V.

Thus much for the bearing of Widows, who
may on no pretence whatsoever bear either
their Paternal Coat, or their Husbands fingle;
for if in an Efcocheon or Shield, then it will be
taken tor the bearing of a man , and if in a
Lozenge, then the bearing proper for a Maiden
Gentlewoman.

She beareth in
aLozenge,as the
bearing of a Mai-
den Lady, two
Coats quarterly.
Firft, Gules, two
Wings conjoyn'd
or impaled, Or ,
by the Name of
Seymour. Se-
condly, Or,a Fefs
engrailed,Azure,
between three
Efcallops, Gules,
by the Name of
Trinne. The
third as the fe-
cond, the fourth as the firft. This is the Coat
of Frances Seymour , Daughter of Francis
Lord Seymour of Troubridge, &c. by Frances
Daughter and Coheir of Sir Gilbert Trtnne
Kt.

Ermyrl, two Piles in
point , Sable , by the
Name of Holies ;\\\\ic\i
Coat in a Lozenge did
belong unto the daugh
, ters of the Honoura-
ble Sir Francis Holies
of Wmterborn Saint
Martin in Dorfet-
Jhire, Baronet , by the
Baronettefs Lucy Carr
his wife , viz. Mrs.
Mary Holies the cideft by birth and heirefs ap-
parent, was born the firft of June 1662. de-
ceafed the fame day, and was invaultcd in Hol-
les-South-IJle at Ifield'm Suffex. By Mts.Deu-
zclla Holies the ifecond, who during life was
heirefs apparent ; fhe was born September the
fourth, 1667. deceafed January the fourth,
1668. and was invaulted in the fame place with
her filter. And by Mrs. Jane Holies , who
was born on Saturday, Afril the twentieth ,
1671. and deceafed on Tuefday, 'December the
fixKenth , 1 67 j. aged one year feven
months and fix and twenty days , and was in-
vaulted in Hollts-South-lfle at Ifield afore-
faid.

307

She beareth iit
a Lozenge two
Coats quarterly.
Tiierirft, Argent,
a Maunch,9able,
by the Name of
Hillings. The
fecond, Or,a Fefs
engrailed,Azure,
between three
Efcallops, GuleSj
by the Name of
1'rinue. This is
the Coat of that
accomplifhcdLa-
dy Katherine
Hafliugs, daugh-
ter and Coheir of Sir George Hajlings , brother
of the Right Honourable Henry Earl of Hun-
tington , and of Seymour Daughter
and Coheir of Sir Gilbert Tnnne Kt.

She beareth in a
Lozenge , Azure , a
Fefs wavy between
three Goats heads e-
razed, Argent, by the
Name of Scdley; and
is the Coat-Armour
of Katherine Sedlev,
fole Daughter and
Heir of Sir Charles
Sedley of Southfleet
in Kent, Baronet.

She beareth in a

Lozenge, as a Maiden
Lady, Ermyn , a Sal-
tire, Gules, by the
Name of Lewis, and
is the Coat of Anne
Lewis ai'Pengwerne
in Merioneth/hire.

She beareth
quarterly , firft ,
Sable.a Lion ram-
pant, Argent, by
the Name cHWil*
Hams. Secondly,
Argent, a Cheve-
roh between j
crofs Crollets, Sa-
ble, by the Name
of A'iderjou. The
third as the fe-
cond, the fourth
as the firft. Thefe
Coats are thus born by Madam Elizabeth Wil-
liams of Denton in Liucolnjbire,io\c Daughter
and Heir of Richard Williams of the faid place^
Efq.

Sf 2 CHAP

308

A Difplay of Heraldry.

Seft.VJ.

Map*

CHAP. VI.

IN the former Chapters hath been treated
of fuch Coat-Armours as are marihalled
within the Efcocheon ; in order it now
fuccecdeth to fpeak of marlhalling with-
out the Efcocheon.

Thefe are certain Ornaments externally an-
nexed to the Goat-Armour of any Gentleman,
by reafon of his advancement to fome honour
or place of eminency by the gracious favour of
the Sovereign, as an honourable addition to
his generous birth. Of thefe there are divers
particulars, which being conjoyned and annex-
ed to a Coat-Armour,do conftitute an Atchieve-
ment.

An Atchievement , according to Leigh, is
the Arms of every Gentleman well marihalled
with the Supporters , Helmet , Wreath and
Crefts, with Mantles and Words, which of He-
ralds is properly called in Blazon Heawme and
'Timbre. The French word Heaulme, which
we call in EngliiTi an Helmet, feemeth to have
given derivation to that word Heawme. And
the word Ttmmer to our Timbre; for that in the
Almain Tongue is the fame that we in Latin
call Apex, or Summitas acuminata, and beto-
keneth the Creft that is ufually born upon the
Helmet : For fo doth KUianus T)ufflene ex-
pound it, calling it , Ctmfjet of Cimber iwn
Dctt feline, which is as much to fay, as Crtfta
galea, Conns galea, Summits Apex.

Note, that the general words ufed by Leigh,
in his faid defcription of an Atchievement,
muft be reftrained only to thofe particular per-
fons to whom Supporters (either by Law or by
Cuftome J are properly due ; for that none un-
der the degree of a Knight Banneret may bear
his Arms lupported. And in fome Countries
(as by name in Burgundy, faith Chaffaneus~) it
is not permitted to perfons inferiour to the de-
gree of a Knight, to Timber their Arms, that
is to fay, to adorn them with Helmet, Mantle,
Creft, tic. as Chafiaueus noteth, faying, Nulli
Itcitum eft, nec folet quis Timbrare ArmaJ'ua,
nifi fit fa.lt em Eques mi lit arts , vulgd Cheva-
lier. But with us the cuftome is otherwife ;
for in bearing of Arms each particular Coun-
trey hath fomething peculiar to it felf.and hath
her proper cuftomes which have the vigour of
a Law, Quia confuetudo , ubi Lex fcripta non
eft, valet quantum Lex ubifcripta eft. There-
fore herein the cuftome of each Countrey is to
be refpe&ed, Specialis enim confuetudo vin-
cit legem in eo loco ubi eft confuetudo, dummodo
foft legem f'uer it indutta, alias vincitur ale^e
fupervemente. But it may feem that fuch
bearing is rather tolerated through cuftome,
than allowed in the ftridc conftruction of the
Law of Arms.

Now that the things fo externally annexed
to Coat- Armour, and alfo the order of their

placing may the better be conceived , I will
handle each part by it telf , wherein Iwillen-
fue that courfe of Natures Method , which
Zanchius faith, was by Mofes obferved in the
Hiftory of the Creation, which is, aprincipiis
component ibits ad res compofitas. The parts
compounding are thofe before mentioned,?;/.?,
the Helmet, Mantle, Creft, &c. of which
fome have place above the Efcocheon , fome
under it, fome ro'Jnd about it,fome on each fide
of it.

Of the firft fort are the Helmet, Mantle, E-
fcroule, Wreath, Crown, Cap, &c. And foraf-
muchaswithus the Nobles are divided into
Nobiles majores, as Dukes, Marquelles, Earls,
Vicounts, Barons and Bannerets ,- and into No-
biles mtnores, as Knights, Efquires, and ordi-
nary Gentlemen ; and that to thefe particular
degrees there are allotted fundry forms of Hel-
mets, whereby their feverai ftates arc difcern-
ed : I will exemplirie their divers ia/Iiions, be-
ginning with the Inferiour fort (for that is the
progrefs proper to degrees or fteps) and fo af-
cend to the higheft ; as in Example,

This form of Helmet,
placed fide-long and
clofe , doth Ger. Leigh
attribute to the dignity
of a Knight; but in mine
underftanding, itfitteth
better the calling of an
Efquire , whom we do
call in Latin Scutifer ,
and Homo ad arma. Of
thefe each Knight ( in
time paft ) had two to attend him in the warrs
whitherfoever he went , who bare bis Helmet
and Shield before him ; forafmuch as, they did
hold certain Lands of him in Scutage , as the
Knight did hold of the King by. Military fer-
vice. And they were called Scutifer i (faith
the learned Clarenceaux') a Scuto ferendo , ut
olim fentarij Romanis dicli , qui vel a Cly-
peti genttlitiis , quos in nobilitatis lt;(igma
geflabant, vel quiaVrincipibus & M.ijoribus
illis Nobilibiis ab Ai mis erant , nomen traxe-
runt.

This kind of fervice is exceeding ancient, as
we may fee of Abimelech , of whom it is faid,
Quare inclamans celeriter pueritm Armigenwt
edixit ei ; Stringe gladium Umm IS mora tra-
de me, ne die ant de me , muiier inter fee it me.
Alfo h Sam. i 7. it is laid, Et qui Scut um fere-
bai,antecedebat eum : And a little after, Verfe
41. Viro illo, qui ferebat fcutum pr ace dent e
eo. Since then the office of 'thefe Efquires or
Pages, as fome do name them, was to precede
their Commander upon whom they attended ,
bearing thofe his Military Habiliments,it fitteth
well the refpedtive care that they ought to
have for the execution of his directions , often-
times with a regardful Eye, and attentive Ear,
to obferve and liften what he will prefcribe

them :

Chap. VI.

A Difplay of Heraldry.

them : and therefore the Helmet , born thus
fidelong (if I erre not in my underftanding )
doth denote unto us attention and obedience ,
and therefore is properly attributed to the dig-
nity of a Knight, to whom (among thofe that
we call Nolnles minores) it pertaineth in Mar-
tial Affairs, to give and not attend directi-
ons.

This form of Helmet
(in my conceit)doth belt
quadrate with the dig-
nity of a Knight,though
Leigh improperly ufeth
the fame ,- the fame (I
fay) in regard of the di-
rect ftanding thereof,
but divers ih this, that
the Beaver of that is
clofe, and this open.
For he afligneth this to the degree of anEfquire,
wherein I altogether diffent, as well for that
the full faced Helmet doth fignifie direction or
command, like as the former prefenteth atten-
tion and obedience, as alio for that it is a great-
er honour to bear the Beaver open than clofe ;
the clofe bearing figmfying a buckling on of it'
as a preparation to the Battel , and the open
Beaver betokeneth a return from Battel with
glory of Victory. So faid Ahab King of If-
rael to the meffenger that he fent to Benhadad
King of Syria • Tell him , Let not him that
gtrdeth his hamefs boaft himfelf, as he that
putteth it off: which Tremellius thus interpre-
teth, Qui tnduit armapuguaturm, ne itaglo-
riatorac fi vi florid partd ilia defoneret ; that
is, according to the vulgar faying.We muft not
triumph before the Victory. And foe a further
proof that this form is more agreeable to the
dignity of a Knight than the former , you muft
oblerve, that if among Noh'les tnajores , or
their Superiours (having Sovereign Jurifdicti-
on ) it be reckoned a chief token of Honour to
bear their peculiar Helmets full faced and open;
then doubtlefs, amongft Mobiles minnres, it is
no lefs Honour for Knights (who amongft them
have a kind of Superiority ) to bear their Hel-
mets after the fame manner : Mud enim eft
melius , quod Optimo eft propinquius ; & in
eodem cafu idem jus ftatuendum eft.

This faflliori of fide-
long Helmet and open
faced with garde vifure
over the fight, is com-
mon to all perfons ofNo-
bility under the degree
of a Duke, whereof a
Baton ( faith Leigh ) is
the lowed that may
bear the fame on this
i • r , , manner. Arid of thefe
each one 1S fubordinate untd other, as well in
funfdiction , as in rank of Nobility, as Chaf-

janeus noteth, faying, Sicut Rein debet habere
[ub fe decern Tluces, ita Dux delet habere de-
cern Comites , feu Marchiones j t§ Comes feu
Marchio decern Barories, Cs Baro decern beu-
datores. And for thefe refpects , if I be not
deceived , do they all bear their Helmets fide-
long, for that each one of them attendeth the
directions of the other, to whofe Jurifdiction
they are fubjected.

The word Gardez/ifure, corruptly imprinted
Gardeinjure, is a French term, devifed for the
more apert expreffmg of the ufe thereof ; for-
afmuch as they do ferve for the fafeguard and
defence of the face ; for fo may we lawfully
invent words in cafe we want apt terms to ex-
prefs the nature and ufe of things , as Lipfiui
well noteth ; faying , T)atur venia novitati
verborum rerum obfcuritatibus inferviev-
ti.

Moreover, thefe are many more things iri
the world, than there are names for them ,
according to the faying of the Philofopher,
Nomina funt fimt a, res ant em infinite; idea
mum nomen plura fignifcat ; which faying is
by a certain (or father uncertain) Author ap-
proved ; Multis Jpeciebus von funt tiomina: ld-
circo neceffarium eft nomtna fingere , fi nullum
ante erit nomen impofitum.

This kind of Helmet
is proper to perfons ex-
ercifing Sovereign Pow-
er over their Subjects
and inferiours , as Em-
perours , Monarcbs ,
Kings, Princes , and
Dukes , and fuch as do
byanabfolute Jarifdicti-
6n manage the govern-
„ , , merit of free States or

Countries. And a Duke (according to Le/jr£}
is the loweft that may bear his Helmet on this
talhion. As the firft and third fort of Helmets!
before exprelfed do fignifie attention and ob-
fervance (fof the realons formerly delivered )
in their feveral degrees ; fo contrariwife the
lecond and this fourth fort in theirs, do beto-
ken authority < direction , and command ; for
fo do all Sovereigns, asalfoall Generals, Cap-
tains , and Commanders in Martial Affairs
and Magiftrates and Governous in the mana'.
ging of Civil Government, in prefenbing of
Orders and Directions to the Multitude ufe a
fteady and fet countenance, fixing their eyes di-
rectly on thofe to whom they addrefs their
Councils or Commands ; and fuch a gefture be-
feemeth men of fuch place , for that it repre-
fenteth a kind of Maiefty. This property is
obferved to be naturally in the Frog, whereof
Spcti fir the Poet making mention , termeth it
the Lording of Frogs, becaufe in their fitting
they hold their heads fleady , looking directly
in a kind of gravity Of State, without any mo-
tion at all.

Now

A D iff lay of Heraldry.

Sea. vi

Now the bearing of the Helmet in Achieve-
ment is fometimes fingle , fometimes manifold.
It is faid to be born fingle, when the Atchieve-
ment is adorned with one only Helmet, as in
thofe hereafter enfuing mall be feen.

I call that a manifold Bearing , when for the
garnifhing and letting forth of an Atchieve-
ment, two Helmets or more are placed upon
the Shield or Efcocheon, becaufe fometimes for
beautifying the Atchievement of fome great
perfonage of noble birth , or eminent place ,
three Helmets are placed jointly upon the
Shield.

Touching the manner of placing divers Hel-
mets upon one Shield , theie Rules following
are to be obferved, viz. If you will place two
for the refpe&s aforefaid, then muft they be fo
fet , as the Beaver of the one may be oppofite
to the other , as if they were worn by two per-
fons afpecting or beholding each other. _ But
if you place three Helmets , for any of thefe re-
fpects above remembred , then muft you place
the middle ftanding direiftly forwards, and the
other two upon the fides, after a fidelong man-
ner, with their Beavers turned toward the
middlemoft , in reprefentation of two perfons
afpecting the third.

The next in order of thefe exterior parts of
an Atchievement , is the Mantle , fo named of
the French word Manteau, which with us is
taken for a long Robe. This was a Military
Habit ufcd in ancient time of great Comman-
ders in the Field, as well to manifeft their high
place, as alfo (being cad over their Armour )
to repel the extremity of wet, cold, and heat,
and withal to prefcrve their Armour from ruft ,
fo to continue thereby the glittering luftre
thereof.

Of this kind of Habit the famous Sir Geffe-
rv Chaucer maketh mention in the Knights
Tale ; where treating of the Adventures of Ta-
lemou and Arcite, for the love of Emely the
Dukes daughter of Athens , he defcribeth the
Habits and Ornaments of the Kings that ac-
companied them to the Lifts of the Combate:
where of Demetrius King of India he faith ,
that he

dime riding like the god of Arms Mars,
His Coat- Armour was of cloth of Thrace,
Couch* d wftB Tetrle white round and great ,
Hu Saddle was of burnijlit Gold newly beat.
A Mantle on his jlmilders hanging,
Eeatefull of Rubies red as fire \parkling.

Where I collect, that this Mantle here menti-
oned was worn for the purpofes formerly fpo-
ken , and that in the hanging thereof from the
Ihoulders of Demetrius it did caft it felf into
many plaits (as naturally all garments of large
fizedoj which form of plaiting in the Art of
Painting is termed Drapery. Wolf aug. Lazi-
us fpeaking of this kind of Habit , calleth the
fame chkimys mantuelis, faying, Chlamys man-

ttielts recenjetur itidcm d Trtlellio inter dona
militaria a Galieuo Claudio, qui poll juit Ait-
guflus, data. Zanchius ait, Tie noslris Tar-
thicis faria tria, fingilones TJalmateuJes de-
cem,ChlamydemT)ardauiam Mantuelim unam.
This fort of Habit have fome Authors called
toga Mihtaris, and other Lacerna : Ego vera
(faith Lazius) togammilitarem eaudem cum
Lacerna extitiffe antumo. As we {hewed a
difference of Helmets ufed in the garniiliing of
Atchievements of perfons of different eflate and
dignity, fo it may feem there hath been in an-
cient time a diverfeform of mantling ufcd for
the difference betwixt Nobiles majores and mi-
nores, For Franc, de Rojiers mentioning the
Charter of Charles the fecond Duke of Lor-
rain to the Abby of Be/prey 1410. he faith
concerning the Seal thereof, 'Port at in Tymbre
Aquilam cum paludarnento TJnca/i ; whereby
we may probably gather that Dukes in thofe
days, and in that place, had a different form of
mantling from perfons of inferior degrees: But
in theie things , each Nation for the moll part
hath fome cultome peculiar to it felf.

Rodolph Duke of Larrain , fon of Frede-
rick the third, was the firft that bare his Arms
Tymbered, as the fame Author affirmeth, fay-
ing, Hie Trinceps fuit Trimns qui portavit
Arma cumGaleaTymbrata, ut patet in Uteris
ejus K aliorum ducmn : But I fuppole the gene-
rality of thefe words muft be rcftrained to that
particular place. For Wolf. Lazius feemeth
to affirm that fuch a form of bearing hath been
anciently ufed amongft the Romans, where he
faith , Atque hattemis de Crisiis qua in ma-
jorum noftrorum injiguilus magu ad Romanam
/iniiiitudinem accedere arbitror , jic ea cum
pitlnra uojlra in froutifpuio opens coutule-
ris.

Neither hath this habit efcaped Transforma-
tion , but hath palled through the forge of pha-
natical conceit (as well as thofe Helmets be-
fore handled ) fnfomuch as ( befides the bare
name ) there remaincth neither lhape or Iha-
dbw of a Mantle : For how can it be imagined
that a piece of cloth, or of whatfoevcr other
ftiifF, that is jagged and frownced after the
manner of our now common received Man-
nings ufed for the adorning of Atchievements,
being impofed upon the Ihoulders of a man ,
ftould ferve him to any of the purpofes for
which Mantles were ordained ? So that thefe
being compared with thofe , may be more fit-
ly termed Flourilbings than Mantlings.

But as they are tiled in Atchievements, whe-
ther you call them Mantles orFlourifhings.they
are evermore faid in Blazon to be doubled, that
is, lined throughout with fome one of the Furrs
before handled in the firft ScdHon of this Work,
as well of thofe Furrs that do confift of more
colours than one, as of thofe that be (ingle and
unmixt. For fo the Romans ufed to wear their
Cloaks or Mantles lined throughout, fometimes
with one coloured Furr, and othen.vhiles with

Furrs

Chap. VI.

Furrs of variable colours, whereof they were |
called TJepiBe fentthe : of which latter fort A-
lex. ab Alex, fpeaketh, faying, Tametfi lega-
mus Caligulam depitlas penulas fape indulge;
and Lazius, Tenula pitta lajcivioru -vita im-
per ator ibus in ujtifmt : whereof he giveth an
inftance out of Tranquility, who faith of Call*
gula, that he was jape depitfas gemmatafque
penulas tndutus.

Thefe were called defitla penula, becaufe of
the variety of the coloured skins wherewith
they were furred or lined , which made a mew
as if thofe doublings or linings had been paint-
ed. Some of thofe doublings are of rare ufe
at thefe days, which have been more frequent
in former times, as I find in the Church of ,
Gravenefl in the County of Bedflrrl in a win-
dow, a Mantle, Sable, doubled Varrey.

Next to the Mantle the Cognizance doth ar-
rogate the higheft place, and is feated upon
the moft eminent part of the Helmet; but yet
fo,as that it admitteth an interpofition of fome
Efcroll, Wreath, Chapeau, Crown, 8cc. And
it is called a Cognizance d cognofcendo, becaufe
by them fuch perfons as do wear them are
manifeftly known whofe fervants they are.
They are alfo called Crefts of the Latin word
Crifta, which fignifieth a Comb or Tuft , fuch
as many Birds have upon their heads, as the
Peacock, Lapwing, Lark.Heathcock, Feafant,
Ruftcock, &c. And as thofe do occupy the
Iiighefl part of the heads of thefe Fowls; fo
do thefe Cognizances or Crefts hold the moft
perfpicuous place of the Helmet, as by the ex-
amples following fhall appear in their due
place.

Concerning the ufe of thefe Cognizances or
Crefts among theRomans,Z,a«/aj-(havingfpo-
ken of Shields and the garnifhing of them with j
pourtraitures of living things ) hath thefe
words, Hatfenus de clypeorum pitlura , five
jculptura Romana Reipub. celebrata , nnde
nimirum ® noflras calaturas in his clypeis ,
quas WappJs dicunt, profeBas credendum eft.
Jam enim Galeas Ma quoque atque coronas fu-
pra pofitas cum crijiis atque avium alis repre-
fentabat.

But that the wearing of fuch Crefts was com-
mon to other Nations as well as the Ro-
mans, Mex.ab Alex, (heweth, affirming that
the Almains and the Cymbrians ufed Helmets
wrought about with the fhapes of hideous ga-
ping Animals. The Carians had Ruftcocks
for their Crefts. Alexander Magnus did invi-
ron his Helmet with a gallant Plume of pureft
white.

The Galatians bare fometimes horns , and
othcrwhiles the fhapes of living things. The
Trojans, Myfians.andThracians bare upon their
brazen Helmets the ears and horns of an Ox.
Amotigft the reft (faith he) that of Covidius the
Centurion, which he ufed in the battel that he
had againfl the Myjimis , -was hdden to be
admirable ; that he bare upon his Helmet a '

3 s j

1 cup , that one while did fiaflo out flames of fre
and other-whiles would fuck them in. Many
more Examples could I give to prove as well
the antiquity as the general ufe of Crefts ; but
holding this to be fufficient , I will now pro-
ceed to give Examples of things that are inter-
pofed between the Mantle and the Creft,, be-
ginning with thofe of inferiour reckoning ,
and fo to thofe of. better worth and eftimati-
on.

It may feem an inveterate and overworn,
fafhion in this Age to bear a Creft upon an E-
fcroll made of this or fome other like manner ;
but how obfolete foevcr the fame may be
thought, Gerard Leigh doth confidently af-
firm, that both in the time of King Henry the
fifth , and long after, no man had his Badge
fet on a Wreath under the Degree of a Knight:
But howfoever time and ufurpation concurring
withprefcription , hath fo much prevailed, as
that it will be a matter of great difficulty to re-
duce men to that form of bearing fo long neg-
lected ; yet may you obferve that our moft no-
ble Prince of Wales himfelf to this day thus
beareth this badge.

This is an ancient ornament of the head a
and much in ufe with the Turks and Saracens.
AmoHgftalltheinterpofitions before mention-
ed that are placed between the Mantle and the
Creft, there is none of fo frequent ufe as this;
which fometimes is called in blazon a Wreath \
becaufe it is made of two coloured filks or more
wreathed together ; fometimes alfo a Torce,
for the ffame caufe ; Nempe quia torquehir ,
becaufe it is wound or twitted. The mixture
of the colours of this Wreath is moft ufually
taken from the Metal or Colours contained in
the Paternal-Coat of the Bearer. For the or-
derly making of this Wreath, Leigh afcribeth
this Rule, viz. that you mutt evermore begin
with the Metal, and end with the Colour.

This

A D ifp lay of Heraldry.

I 2

A Difflay of Heraldry.

SeS.Vi.

This kind of Head-tire is called a Cap of
Dignity ; which Cap (faith ChafmeusjD^s
accuftomed to wear in token of excellency, be-
caufe they had a more worthy government
than other Subject Alfo fte&itod to .wear
the fame in token of Freedom;, Quia debenl
e(le mavis liben Mud Trtnafem (upremum
mum m, This Cap mud be of Scarlet co-
lour, and the lining or doubling thereof Er-
mvn. Some do boldly affirm ( faith Sir Jo™
Feme') that as well the Earl and Marquefs, as
a Duke, may adorn his head with this Chape-
auorCap, even by the fame reafon and cu-
ftome that they do challenge to wear their Co-
ronets, becaufe this Cap, as alfo their Crowns
are allowed them, not only for a declaration of
their Princely dignities and degrees, but with-
al for tokens and teftimonies of triumph and
vidory. For the wearing of the Cap had a
beginning from die Duke or General of an Ar-
my who having gotten victory , caufed the
chiefeft of the fubdued Enemies, whom he led
Captive, to follow him in his triumph , bearing
his Cap or Hat after him in token of fubjedion
and captivity.

Albeit there are divers other forts of Crowns
more ufually born interpofed between the Man-
tle and the Creft; yet becaufe this is fometimes
put to like ule, and that it is of all the reft the
chiefeft , I have feleded this as an Example of
Crowns put to fuch ufe , the rather becaufe I
willingly comprehend all thofe of lefs efteem
under lt.That theRomansdid bearCrowns upon
theirHelmets after this manner,it is clear by the
teftimony of If. Lazius, as well in that I have
formerly alledged, where I hive fpoken of the
ufe of Crefts,as alfo by his confirmation thereof,
where hefaith, Catcra Coronarum genera in u-
niverfum,qute velGaleis in Armis fujpenjis ob
•virtutera donate militibus,vel capitibus homi-
numvelSacerdotumautEmeritorumimfoneban-
tur,otiodecim invenio.Quarum^xceftis Aitrea
& Argeutea , reliqim omnes ex plantis fajjim
@ her bis conficiebantur. The prerogative or
preheminence of wearing of Crowns belong-
ed! not only to fuch as have received the fame
for a remuneration of vertue , but alfo to per-
fons to whom the exercife of Sovereign Jurif-
didion doth appertain , as the fame Author

witneifeth, faying, Trerogativ.wivero Coro-
nas ferendi 11011 hi foliim habebant , quibus
hoc erat minus ex Vfrtute concefium , verum e-
tiam quibus ex officio licebat , hnperatoribus,
Regibus, Sacerdotibus, ©f. Touching fun-
dry other forms of Crowns , I referr you to
the judicious writings of Sir William Segar
late Garter, Principal King of Arms.

r-w-U
I

C HAP. VII.

Hus far have I touched things placed a -
bove the Efcocheon ; now I will proceed
A to fuch as are placed elfewhere, ot which

fomc are peculiar, fome more gencral.-
By fuch as are peculiar I mean thofe that are
appropriate to perfons having Sovereign Jurif-
didion , and to fuch as we called Nobiles Ma-
jores , of which Rank a Baronet is the Ioweft.
But amongft the particular Ornaments belong-
ing to the Coat-Armours of perfons having ei-
ther Supreme or Inferiour dignity, there are
fome that do environ the Coat-Armour round
about, and do chiefly belong to perfons exerci-
fing Sovereign Jurifdidion, and to fuch others
as they out of their fpecial favour fhall com-
municate the fame unto , by alTociating them
into the fellowlliip of their Orders. Such are
the moft honourable Order of the Garter, the
Orders of the Golden Fleece, of Saint Mi-
chael, of the Annunciation ; of all which Sir
William Segar, late Garter King at Arms,hath
written fo learnedly, that to his Works 1 mull
again referr the Reader for fatisfadion therein;
the difcourfe thereof being altogether imper-
tinent to my intended purpofe in this prefent
Work.

Yet here you mud obfervc, that a man be-
ing admitted into the Society and Fraternity of
any two of the Honourable Orders before men-
tioned , he may in fetting forth his Achieve-
ment adorn the fameuith the chief Ornaments
or Collars of boththefe Orders whereof he is
eleded and admitted a Fellow andCompanion,
by placing one of the Ornaments next to his
Shield, and the other without the fame. In
fuch manner did the moft. high and mighty
Lord Thomas Duke of Norfolk and Earl Mar-
ihall of England, bear the chief Ornaments
of the Orders of the Garter and of Saint Mi-
chaeL

But leaving thofe peculiar Ornaments of
Sovereigns or others , 1 return to thofe that are
communicable (by a certain right) as well to
thofe called Nobiles major es, as to Sovereigns.
Such arc thofe which are faid to be placed on
the fides of the Atchievcments , reprefenting
fometimes things living, and fometimes dead.

But thefe of fome Blazoners are termed Sup-
porters, Av.hofe conceit therein I can hardly
approve, Quia diverforum diverja eft ratio ;

' ' and

Chap. VII. A Diftlay of Heraldry.

and therefore the Blazon that I would give un-
to things fo different in Nature is, that if things
be living, and feize upon the Shield, then Hull
they be called properly Supporters • but if they
are inanimate , and touch not the Efcocheon ,
then fhall fuch Arms be faid to be (not fupport-
ed, but cotifed, of fuch and fuch things : For
how can thofe be properly faid to fupport that
touch not the thing faid to be fupported by
them ? Therefore Nomina (wit aptanda reins
JecundumrationU nor mam.

To perfons under the degree of a Knight
Banneret, it is not permitted to bear their
Arms fupported , that Honour being peculiar
to thofe that are called Nobiles majores.

And thefeCotifeshave their name agreeable
to the thing whole quality they reprefent, and
are fo called ( as we elfewhere flic wed) of Co-
/?<j,the Rib, either of- man or beaft ; for it is
proper to the Rib to inclofe the Entrails of
things Animal, and to adde form and faihion to
the body ; in like manner do thefe inclofe the
Coat-Armour whereunto they are annexed,
and do give a comely grace and ornament to
the fame.

Another ornament there is externally annex-
ed to Coat- Armour, and that is the Motto or
Word which is the Invention or Conceit of the
Bearer, fuccindtly and fignificantly contrived
Cforthemoft part) in three or four words,
which are fet in fome Scroll or Compartiment,

ii 5

I placed ufuaily at the foot of the Efcocheomand
as it holdeth the low-eft place, fo is it the laft
in blazoning. Of this word Abra.lranc ,\\ ri-
teth in this manner, Quod a recentioribm ver-
ba quadam ipfis Armu {ubjiciantur , -uidetnr
id nuper invent um ad imitationem eor urn ante
Symbola a uobn appelLintur, And indeed 'the
Motto Jhould exprefs fomething intended in the
Achievement, though ufe hath now received
whatfoever fancy of the Devifer; and this
Mottoisofuniverfalufetoall Gentry and No-
bility of what rank foever.

Now as touching the blazoning of thefe Or-
naments exteriorly annexed to any Coat-Ar-
mour, it is to be confidered, that we are not ti-
ed to that flricS observation in them, as in the
blazoning of things born within the Efcocheon;
tor thefe are the elfential parts of Coats, and
thofe meerly Accidental. For the Creft or
Timber, Wreath, Mantle, Helm, &c. (faith
Feme') are no part of the Coat- Armour , but
Additions- to Achievements added not many
hundred years ago to the Coats of Gentry.
And therefore when you have aptly fet forth
all the Fields and Charges, and their Colours
contained within the Efcocheon , your Blazon
is done; fo that when we jhall defcribe any of
thofe Exteriour Ornaments, we ftand at liber-
ty for naming of our Colours, and in thofe it
is held no fault to name one Colour twice,

.i j iol oil J

oslq 73q6iq liorfj

'Wlllfl

A N

ACCOUNT

OF SOME

Coats of Arms

Omitted in the foregoing

SEC'TIO N S

Which in the next Impreffion (hall be inferted in
their proper places.

The Right Honoura-
ble John Fitz-Gerard,
Earl of Kildare, primi-
er Earl of the Kingdom
of Ireland, beareth for
his Lordftiips Paternal
Coat-Armour , Pearl, a
Saltire, Ruby.

He beareth Argent,
three Cinquefoils,Gules,
by the Name oi'Darcey.
This with the Arms of
TJlfler is the Paternal
Coat-Armour of Sir
Thomas Darcey of St.
Clere-hall in St. Ofeth
in the County of Eflex,
Baronet.

Subfcribers fince the Printing the foregoing SeBions.

AAAAA

Baronet
Nortb-'u

He beareth Argent ,
on a Chief indented ,
Gules, three Crolles
forme of the Field, by
the Name d t c Bercivale ,
This with the Arms' of
ZJIjier , is the bearing
of Sir "Philip Pcrcii^ik
of Burton in the Cpuri-
ty of. Corke in Ireland,
defcendid from the 'Ferciva/es of
(Ion near Eriflul in Somerfet/hire.
The Family came into England with V/ihh.r,/t
the Conqueror, and were before of Vile tu-zr
Caen in Normandy.

He beareth Azure ,
a Falcon vo!ant,Aigent,
armed, jelled, and bel-
led, Or, with.n a Bor-
dure , Ermyn , by the
Name of Fairborne, and
is the Paternal Coat-
Armour of Sir 'Palmes
Fairborne of Newark
in Nottingham/hire, Kt.
Lieutenant-Governourof Tangier, Lieutenant
Colonel to the Regiment there refiding, and
Commiffary-General of his Ma jellies Army in
Flanders ; a perfon of an approved valour and
conduct, as is evidenced by thofe worthy ex-
ploits performed by him, not only in the fer-
vid- of the Venetians in their wars by Sea and
Land againft the Ottoman Empire, but alfo
fince .his Majefties mod happy reflauration in
the feveral Trulls committed to his manage-
ment, and commands at Tangier ; where on
the iqth of September 1 675-, he was com-
manded by the Right Honourable the Earl of
luchequiu Governour thereof, to fally out in-
to the Fields of Tangier , in order to the fc-
curing feveral Provifions lodged near that
place, as his Lordfllip was informed by one
Harnett a Moor, who made himfelf a Chrifti-
an for the carrying on the defign with the bet-
ter (weeds ; but by the valour and good con-
duct of the laid Sir Palmes he made his retreat
from a great body of Moors, and having got
the outmolr Lines of Tangier , mid his Re-
ferve, by which he did conclude that the fajd
Refervehad come up to his .Suceour, .where-
upon he advanced the fecond time near two
miles diftant from the faid Lines , where he
was attacked Front, Flank, and Rear, with
about three thoufand Foot and Horfe he ha-
ving not above three hundred in his' party ,
which he brought off with the lofs only of
twelve killed , and fix and thirty wounded, but
the Moors had a very great lofs, to his immor-
tal Fame. He alfo by his great prudence and
valour quelled two Mutinies at Tangier.

He leareth two Cocts
imp' led , Baron and
Femr/se; firit , Gules,
two Earrs , Argent, by
the Name of Martin,
and is thus born by Ni-
cholas Martin of Lin-
coln s-lnn in Middlefcx,
Efq; frn and heir of Ni-
cholas Meirtyn of Lin-
cobts-Lm aforefaid, Efq; deceafed, who was de-
fended from the Fahiilj of the Marlyns anci-
ently of Admiflon alias Jihelhamflou. in U»r-
fetfiSfe, impaled v. it h Gules, an Eagle dilplav.
ed, Or, crowned, Argent , in right of his Wif e
Tjorcas, daughter of R/c hard Graves Efq; de.
ceafed, late Reader of Lmcolns-Inn aforefaid.

He beareth Argent,
a Crofs betwen four
Spread- Eagles, Gules,
by the Name of Stra-
chey , and is born by
JohnStrachey of Suttou-
Conrt in Somerlet/bire ,
Efq.

land
rable

He beareth Argent,
three Palmers Staves,
Sable,the heads, refts,-&
ends.Or, by the Name of
T aimer, and is the
Coat-Armour of Wil-
liam Palmer of Win-
thorf in Lincolnjhire ,
Efq; Captain of a Troop
in the Regiment of hi|
Grace the Duke of
Monmouth, Captain-Ge-i
neral of all his Majefties
Land-Forces.

He beareth Gules f
on a tend, Or, three
Martlets, Sable, by the
Name of Brabazon ,
and is the Paternal
Coat Armour of Edi
ward Brabazon of
Ballyarthur in thq
County of Ificlloe in
the Kingdom of Frc
fecond .Son of the Right Honou*
ird Earl of Mcath, deceafed. J

ill I

1) t z

6 Subfcribers [lace the printing the foregoing Se&ions.

ill

He bean th Ermyn 3
on a Bend, Sable, two
Hands and Arms to the
Elbows iffuiug out of
Clouds at the Elbows,
all proper , holding an
Horihoc, Or, by the
Name of Borlace, and
is the Coat-Armour of
Humphrey Borlace of
TreluAdrp in the Coun-
ty of Cornwall, Efq.

He beareth Sable, a
Bend , Ermyn , be-
tween two Cottifes flo-
ry, Or , by the Name
of Keck , and is the Pa-
ternal Coat-Armour of
Anthony Keck of the
Inner Temple, London y
Efq;

He beareth Or , a
Eend engrailed between
fix Rofes, Gules, by the
Name of Warner, and
is the Paternal Coat-
Armour of John War-
ner of Brakenthwaite
in the Parifh of Kirby-
Overt'low in the Weft-
Riding of Tor kjhi re, Efq;
lineatoy defcended from
theWarntrt of Warner-
Hall in Effex,

Argent, a Fefs hu-
mid , Gules , between
three Ravens rifing to
fly, Sable , born by Ri-
chardTeirce of the Ci-
ty of London, Efq.

He beareth Argent ,
a Fefs Nebule , Gules ,
between three Eagles
difplayed, Sable, by the
Name of Cndmore , and
is the Coat-Armour of
Thomas Cndmore ofKel-
vedon in Effex , Efq;
fon and heir of Thomas
Cndmore Efq; deceafed,
by Dorothy eldeft Daughter and Coheir of Sir
Thomas CecillKx. fon of Thomas Earl of Exe-
ter by "Dorothy Daughter and Coheir of
"John Nevill Lord Latimer, fon and heir

ci JohnLord Latimer by 'Dorothy Daughter
and Coheir of Sir George Vere Kt. which faid
Sir Thomas died Anno 1662. and lieth buried
in Stamford-Baron in NorthampionJIjire &-
mongft his Anceftors.

Ter Pale, Vert and
Ermyn , an Eagle dif-
played, This Coat
is born by Richard
Good lad of the City of
London, Efq.

He beareth Gules,
a Cheveron , Ermyn ,
between three Flowers
de Lis, Argent, by the
Name of Crome, and is
the Paternal Coat-Ar-
mour of Valentine
Crome of Mayden-Early
in Berk/hire, Efq; de-
cended,from the ancient
Family of Lewis in Torkjhire.

Argent, a Eefs be-
tween three Flowers de
Lis, Sable, by the Name
of Evance , which faid
Coat is born by John E-
•va?ice of the City of
London, Efq;

He beareth Gules, a
Quaterfoil, Or, by the
Name of Rowe , and is
born by Anthony Rowe
of St. Martins in the
Fields in Middle/ex ,
Efq; third fon of Sir
Tho. Rowe of Mofwell-
hill in the faid County,
Kt.

Argent,

Subscribers fince the Printing the foregoing Seffionr. 3 x 7

Argent, a Chevcron
between three Cinque-
foils, Gules, is born by
Charles Beauvoir of the
City of London, Efq; de-
fended from the Fami-
ly of the Beauvoir s in
the liland of Garnfey.

He beareth Or, two
Barrs, Azure, in Chief
three Efcallop - fhells ,
Cules, by the Name of
Clark, and is the Coat-
Armour of Edward
Clarko't the Inner Tem-
ple London,E{q; fon and
heir of Edward Clark
of Cbif ley in Somerfet-
Jloire, Efq;

He beareth Vert , a
Greyhound current in
Bend, Argent , collared
Gules, ftudded, Or, by
the Name cS. Blome, and
is born by Richard
Blome of Abergwilly in
CaermarthenJIjire , Efq;
by Jo, Blome ofSevenoke
in Kent, Gent, and by

Richard Blome of Chobham in the Parilh of
Wejiham in Effe x.Gent. This Coat being falfe
cut in the body of the Book, is here rectified.

He beareth Gules, a
Chevcron Migrailed, Er-
myn, between three Ea-
gles, Argent , by the
Name of Child. This
with the Arms of Ul-
fier, is the Coat-Armour
of Sir Jojias Child of
Wanfiead in the Coun-
ty of Fffix, Earonet.

He beareth Argent , a
Bend , Sable , in the G-
mfler Chief a Garb ,
Gules, by the Name of
Whuworth, and is the
Coat - Armour of Ri-
chard Whitworth of
Adbafton in the County
of Stafford, Gent.

He beareth Sable, on
a Bend, Argent, three
Lozenges of the Field,
by the Name of Caring-
ton, and was the Coat-
Armour of John Caring-
ton of Spoxton in the
North Riding of Tork-
Jhire, Gent. decea.fed;fe-
cond fon of William
Carington of Sponton aforefaid, Efq ; who was
fecond Brother to John Carington of Carington
in Che/hire, Efq;

Thus having largely treated of all the parts
of Atchievements , our next bufmefs will be to
reprefent them conjoyned together, for which
we will referr the Reader to the fecond part ,
viz. Honour Military and Civil.

TO THE

Generous Reader.

My Task, is fafl , my Care u but begun ;

/tazw //^£r Cenfures for reward:
let hope I have, now my great fains are done,
That gentle Spirits will quite them with regard.
For when my love to Gentry here they find.
My love with love they muft requite by hind.

But if the ungentle Brood of Envies Grooms,
Mifdoom my Pains', no force, they do their kjnd 9
And Tie do mine, which is to fcorn their Doo?ns>
That ufe unkindly a kind well-willing mind.
Thus Irefolve : Lookjiow who will hereon ,
My Tasinis paft, and all my Care is gone.

A Conclufion.

BUt He alone, that's free from all defect,
And only cannot erre (true Wifdom's Sire)
Can, without error, all in All effect :
But Weak are men in acting their defire.
This Work is filde , but not without a flaw ;
Yet filde with Pain, Care, Cofl, and all in all :
But (as it were by force of Natures Law)
It hath fome faults, which on the Printers fall.
No Book foblefl,that ever fcap'd thePrefs
(For ought I ever read, or heard) without ;
Correctors full'ft of Art, and Carefulnefs
Cannot prevent it ; Faults will flee about.
But here's not many : fo, the eafier may
Each gentle Reader rub away their ftains :
Then (when the verbal Blots were done away)
1 hope their profit will exceed their pains.
Befides, it may be thought a fault in me,
To have omitted fome few differences
Of Coronets of high'ft and low'ft degree ;
But this I may not well a fault confefs :
For, 'twixt a Duke and Marquefs Coronets
Is fo fmall odds, as it is fcarce difcern'd.
As here i'th' Earl and Vicounts frontilets
May by judicious Artifts now be learn'd,
Then thefe are faults that Reafon doth excufe ,
And «.'ere committed wilfully, becaufe
Whei e is no difference there is no abufe
To Grace, Arms, Nature, Order, or their Laws.
This breaks no Rule of Order, though there be
An Order in Degrees concerning This ;
If Order were infring'd , then fhould I flee
From my chief purpofe, and my Mark fhould mifs.
ORDER is Natures beauty, and the way
To Order is by Rules that Art hath found ;
Defect and excefs inthofe Rules bewray,
Order's defective, Nature's much deform'd.
But ORDER is the Center of that GOD
That is unbounded, and All circumfcribes ;
Then, if this Work hath any likelyhood
Of the leaf! good, the good to it afcribes.
In Truth, Grace, Order, or in any wife
That tends to Honour, Vertue, Goodnefs, Grace ;
I have mine ends : and then it fhall fuffice,
If with my Work I end my Vital Race :
And, with the Silk-worm, work me in my Tombe,
As having done my duty in my Room.

Finis Coronat Of us.

JOHN GVILLIM.

AN ALPHABETICAL

L E

OF THE

NAMES

O F T H E

Nobility and Gentry

Whofe Goats arc made Patterns of Bearing in this '

Difplay of Heraldry.

Allen

Alftone
Amade

A Bd ]

/-\ Ahington
■L ll Abrahall

109
163,299

IJ2

Ambes-ace

Anderfon

Anderton

Abtot

2.74

Andrews

Achiles

i4l

Aquitain Duke

Ackland

280

Arblafler

Acton

198

Archer

Aldam

Arches

Aldham

ArgaU

Alingtov

aio

Armftrong

60 Armiger

8 1 Armme

98 Arnefl

237 Arthington

307 Arthur

2J9 AJIiburnham

6f> 2-87j 2 9° Alhcough

134 ^/Wf?

246 Afomole

ibid. Askew
226

27 j j4(?o«
2jy

ay4

100
179
221

292
306
27a
1 20

264, 270
220
Atkins

TABLE.

Atkins
Atlow
Aiterton

AtWOod

Auchcr
Audin
Aulier
AyUft

65,219

167
107
14^,296

14?
254
I40

\yAcon
O Baker
Bakfter
B.ildberny
Baldock
Banks
Barton
Bard
Te Bar du
Barkham
Barkley
Barriadifton
Barnard
Barriff
Bamngtou
Baskervile

Bateman S<
Bay nes
Baynham
Beauchamp
Bedingfeld
Bell

Belgrave

Belinm King of 'Britain
Belvale
Bence
Bennet
Berchem
Tie la Bere
Berkenhead
Berkley
Berry
Bertram
Berty
Betfield
Beverley
Beverfiam
Bevill
Bidulph
Bingley
Biron
Blackamore
Blackftock
Bleverhaffet
Blome
Blount
Bludworth
Bodenham
Bolter
Bonuell
Booth
Bolowre
Borgoigne

9°

112,167,226
194

2^6

280

108
191
Ij»
147
278

110

148

J 4?
49
105
86, 297
114
122
295:
161
228
254

20 J
2IO
226
144
271
203

62
59

2 4 J
271
1 02
257
121
l6t
247

98
176
'49, 3*7
93>94
220
256, 299
114
'97

i7?
1 jo

Borough

Botereux

Bouchiers

Bourden

Bourn

Bowen

Bowes

Bowet

Bowles

Bowthby

Bowyer

Boyle

Boys

Brabazon

Bradford

Bradftone

Bramjion

Bray

Brett

Bridger

Bridgman

Brixton

Broderick

Brograve

Bromwich

Brounker

Brown

Brownlow

Bruce

Bulleine

Brecknock

Bryane

Brudnell

Brutus

Buggine

Bulkeley

Burninghill

Burton

Butler

Buxton

Bye

C^Adwallader
j Callard
Calthrop
Calvert
Cambell
Cambden
Camell
Canhanfer
Canterbury
Capenhurft
Carditigton
Carington
Carlowe
Cam

Carpenters

Carr

Carrick

Carfelaie

Carter

Cary

Caftilion

Cathrop

260
212

J 9?
1 26
246
129

146

44
270

n V
298, 3 .J

I 29

102

219

i6y,294
289
.78

136, 220
120

2J!
136
197
219
299
I 7 I
69, 306
121
204

194
128

87,15:0

260,278

139,276

60
272

298
279

'4*

164
206
172
216

317

25-0
168
224
296
iyo
121

m
103

226

292

Catterall

Cavell

Caveudijb

Cajar

Chaffin

Chalbot

Chaloner

Chamberlain

Chambers

Chandos

Chapman

Chaucer

Chawlas

Chetwynd

Chicheley

Chichefler

Child

Chi vert on

Cholmley

Chorley

Churchill

Chute

Clarendon

Clarke 15-9,

Clayton

St. Cleare

Cliffe

Clifford

Clifton

Clapton

Cock

Cocks

Cokaine

Cole

Colebrand

Goleman

Collingwood

Collins

Colflon

Celt

Colwall

Conisby

Conflables

Conway

Confers

Cooke

Cookes

Cooper

Corbet

Corke

Cornhill

Cottingham

Cotton

Covell

Coventrey

Courtney

Cowdrey

Cowpen

Cox

Cradock

Craven

Crew

Crifp

Crome

264
230
128,306

150
i77

7S
81

245

298

274

203

109

280

22$
2J4
in
197
249, 306
164

178,248,303,317
220
82
194
299,280
197,299
66
270
129
172
, ? 6
223
i 4 r
129
299
177
119

J°
15:2

27J

209
217
272

29t

'S4
168
146
186
127
161,193
139

261
210
211

68
131

138,287
2J7
3«6
Cromer

TABLE.

Cromer

Crouch

Cudmore

Cmhff

Curwen

Cvtts

DAnby
Daniel
Dannet
Darell
Darcy
Darnall
Davies
Dauntrey
Deatie
Degg
Delahay
Delaluna
Delamere
Deuham
'Dennis
Dering
Defcus
Dtthick
Digby
Difney
Dive
Dixie
Dixton
Dtxwell
Dobfon
Dockwray
Dodge
Dolman
Dolphin
Doughty
Downe '
Downes
D'oyley
Drake
Drakes
Drax
Duckenfield
Dudley
Duffield
Duke
Duras
Duncombe
Dymocke

EDgcombe
, Edrick
Edwyn
Egiock
Egerton
Ellis
Elmes
Elphinton
Elwes

430 Emine
68 Engaine
316 Engli/h
tj4 Ent
434 Efiott
440 Efcourt
Eftanton
Etheldred
Evdnce
70 Evelyn
163 Everard
1 1 3 Eynford
293 Eyre
110^496,314 Eyres
Hi
9i
*4J
68
r6 7

bairbourtt.
79,i8j Fair c lough
84 Faldo
67 Falftatf
463 Fane
1 94 Fan/haw
128,493 Farington
8 3 Feake
460 Fetid

106 Feilding
toy Felbridge
179 Felt ham
140 Fenne

07 Fenners
107, 306 Fenwick

107 Ferrers
296 FifcA
188 F/?«

105 Fitz-Gerard
176 Fitz-Hugh
90 Fitz-James
148 Fitz-water
66 Fitz-williams
66 Fleming
81 Fleetwood
194 Fletcher
180 F//»f
j8 Fo/^
49 For?
47 Former
160,4^9 Ftfrtte
138 Fortefcue
1 jo Fo«/«
448 Fountaine
Fowler
Frampton
Frankland
134 Frank lyn
1 38 Fraunces
161 Frederick
299 FWjA
247 Fuller
17J.I9J G
99 (~>Amboa
118 VjCaw/f
278 Garway

144

Grtr.zotf)'

Gaunt

Gawdey

George

179

St; George

Gerard

Gibs

Gibjon

310

(jijfora

Gilbert

Gilfland

4?5T

Gifez

499

Gleane

109

Glegg

Glinn

Gliffim

Glover

43 Goodland
3 1 j Goodred
140 Go?r
1 48 Go«
492 Gotley
25; j Gows
107 Grafton
1305191 Graham

107 Grand-George

I of Grant
264 Gravenor
138 Greaves
191 Greby
179 Green

Greenvile
171 Gregory
1^,434 Gresby
1 90 Gr/7/

I I j Grime flone
31 j Grindoure

70 Guillim
ljig Guife

69 Gunning
434 Gurnay
435,297 Gway

475
497

9J
j 10

Haddon

Hi 1 »

446 Hales

443 ffa#

66 Halton

99 Hamelden

110,119 Flanmer

168 Hanfard

146 Hanjon

1 76 Hardbeaii

ibid. Harding

414 fforf

170 Harewett

498 Harlewin

68 Barling
harmau

99 Harrington

253 Harrow

191 iforf

A a 3

1 67
6j

2J2

i6o
264

2j6

126

279

143
137
162

180,316
230
61
271

124

i45

178
104
144
104
162
104

33
60

n „ 274
488,492.

464

487

476

i 9J

188
446
in

192
434
136

294

i4J» 2 -9sr
106

178
69
iyz
102
130
132
2 3J

2J 4

,8?

Hart hill

TABLE.

Han bill
Harvey

ft*
n apings

Hathway

Hit ton

Haute

Hiwes

Hawkeridge

Hawkins

Hawley

Head

Heath

He/llty

Henlivgtou
Hennnigham
Herbert
Hereford

H?r'~

Heron

Herondon

Hervey

Hewit

Hicks

Highlord

Hill

Higham

Hoar

Hoafl

Hobard

H 9 £y

H,bagkins
Hakenhull

Holbrook

IMori
Holder
Holland
Holies
Holme
Hplworthy
lionywood
Hofton
Hoskins
Howard
Huggcn
Huitjon
Hylgreve
Hulje or Howes
Humble
Hjingerford
Hunlock
Hunt
Huntley
Hnlfev
Huftler,

125
86

90,

144

217
292
296,
293
I37.J90

108,193
63,270

m
210

22;
298;

142,302
192
290
160
180
109

• 168

James

Janes

Jafon

Jekyll

Jenijon

Jennings

Jervis

107
43

162
122

21 6

120
292
*49-

Vtvw z i°<
■V '97
53,296,307

12$

i?9
i6j

90
142
61,300

UV: k ?9§

79
f?
ibid.
126
219

'47

56,291
170

291
140

128

'J9

224
164

Incledon
Jngleby
lngoldsby
Ingram
luwine
Jubnfon
St. John
JoUiff.

Jones 49, 126, 227

Jordan
Joruey
Ireton
lues
Juxon

KAd 'rode- hard
Keate

Keck

Kekitmore
Kemys
Kemfley
King
Kingley
Kingfcott
Kirke
Kite

Knatchbull
Knight

262

78
64
178
100
171
9'

Z SS
272,

289
163, 196
in
42
184
ibid.

151
ibid.
316

2,12
247
214.
140

*?4
180
304
292
66

Lovell

Lovet

hondham

Low

Lowther

Lloyd

Lucy

Lund

Lutterell

Lylde

Lynch

1 J 1,296
148
if 2
148
208

'95.M7
85,176,297

i37
189
220
190

Abb
Machell

Knolles
Kroge

250,299,

302
62

Icy

Lampelaw
amflugh
Lane
Langbam
mngley
Laut
Lattimer
Lavider
Lee
Leeds
Leet

Leigh

Leigham

Leighton

Lemming

Lefo'i.e

LEftrange

Leverton

Levifon

Lewin

Lewis

Lewkenor

Limbery

Lincolns-Itm

Liskirke

L,fle

Logga/i

Long

Mackloide
Madden

Magdalen Colledge
Magnall
Malherb
Mallett
Mallory
Malton
Mamftone
Man

Mangotham
Manwaring
Markham
Maroley
Marfb
Marfhal
Martyn_
Marwood

*59

Matbew

229

Mathews

Maulevcrer

298

Maunfell

148

St. Maure

245

Maurice

290

Mautrevers

305

Mawley

*75

Maynard

245

Medvile

162

Meeke

Meeres

129

MeinOiorpe

244

Mellijb

158

Mercy

275

Meredith

Mergith

Mico

136

Micklethwaite

Middleton

V.a.V'v ,919.

Micklefield

291

Milveton

138,307

Milward

Mingay

142

Miniet

■ *37

Minors

Mitton

6 9

Modyford

135,292

Mohun

197

Moile

147

150

88
167
281

1 00

178
144

152,186

122
152

*77

144

.101
120

223,227
3'J

J22

•95

2iy
149
218,226

«02

*3$

187

-35

299
231,260
2 ?I
159
2 9 1

> 196

I S 4

280

5 1, 149.272
"4

» 219
i 9 t
254

' 2 98,3°5
272

106

2I 7
121

Molfeworth

TABLE.

Molefworth

Mohneux

Molme

Mompeffbn

Montague

Moore

Morten

Morgan

Morice

Morifyn

Morley

Morru

Mart

Mofley

Mounbowcher

Mounchenfey

Mounfon

Mowbray

Mundy

Mufgrave

Mufierton

Mxnter

NApier
Narboon
Nathilcy
Naylour
Nechur
Needham
Neve
Nevill
Newdigate
Newman
Newport
Newton
Noel
North
Norton
Norwood
Nuthall

O-Brien
Ockwold
Ockton
Odo

Ogilby
Oldcaftle
Oidjwortb
One/low
Osborne
Otterbury
Otway
Owen
St. Owen

P Acker
Tagit

Palmer 8^.149, 218, %

Tanowitz 271

'Ponton 294

PapiUon 174

Tar git er 275

19
6r

500
,38

263,286^ 290
289
24

149,158
192,251
141
25-9
191,192
68
264
222
■ 22 9
2 J3

o 49

138,295
208

rjo
227

204

142

2 34
129
108
63,169
146
302
190,208
114,289
2 3J

24$
58
259

'57

191

272

r.40S

22J

169,295
142
172

278

142,165,199
69

103
291

Parker

Parr

Patten

Pawne

Peacock

Peck

Pedley

PegreJJ

Peirce

Pelham

Penarthe

'Pennefton

Petiruddock

Penthar

Percivale

Pepys

Petyt

Peyto

Peyton

St. Philhbert

Phillips

Philpot

Pickering

Pierrepont

Pivot

Pile

Piikinton

Pindar

Pine

Pitfield

Plantaginct

Plank

Players

Playters

Plott

Plunket

Pool

Pope

Porter

Portman

Povey

Pratt

Prelate

Premte

Trefcott

Prefton

Prichard

Prime

Prim

Proger

Pitckeriti?

Pudfay

Punchardon

Pyrton

QXJatermai'ne

RJdcliffe
Ramcourt
Ramfey
Randall
Rathlow
Rawden
Rawlins

129
300
281
172

2 7J
62
ib8
236
316
169
148
295

99
69

291
l i9
2 7S
58
277
167
249

J 59
197
222
296,306
58

i*M
98,101

158

20,22,23

, 2 3?
"I
277

225
197

I 49
164,228
106
110
119
176

ill

140

3°7
142

289

19
220
98

42
106
132,292

9'
271
247
248,249

Rawfon

Raynsford

Redman

Redmere

Reresby

Reflwold

Retowre

Reyce

Rich

Richardfon

Rider

Ridgway

Rigby

Rigmayden

Roberts

Robertfon

Robinfon

Rockwood

Roet

Rolles

Rove

Roos

Rofs

Roundell

Rowe

Rowden

Rowch

Roycroft

Roydenhall

Rudetzker

Rudhall

Ruffel

Rutland

Rye

Rynejier

SAckvile
Sadler
St. John
Salmon
Salbury
Salter
Samford
Samwayes
Sanders
Sauderfen
Sands
Sault
Saunders
Scambler
Scipton
Scott

Scudamore
Scythia King
Sea

Securades

Sedley

Segar

Seymour

Seys

Shaw

Sheffield

Sheldon

Shelley

303

S&
228

10?

62
271

99
250

63. 6 4. 2 99
»4J> 2 J7
8?
164

128

H9
127

127,201,296
236
US
I4J

260
302
98

109,132,316
247
196
194
114

19
215

179,219,224

104

273,298

297
176
140,180
21 1

67
306
122
278,296
294

'i 9
185

229

215

59
119
178

122,307
287

164, 300, 307
289
262
105
160

130, 1 56,180
Sherburne

TABLE.

Sherburne

Sherrard

Ship flow

Shirley

Shorter

Shoyfwell

Shrigley

Shurftab

Shuttleworth

Sileto

Skelton

Slmgsby

Smith

Smiths

Soame

Soles

South

Southwell

Sf aiding

Spelman

Spence

Squire

Stafford

Stamfe

Stanejmore

Stanley

Staple ton

Starkey

Stephen King

Stephens

Sterne

Still

Stone

Stoughton

Strachey

Stradling

Strange

Stratford

Strattle

Stringer

Stroad

Strutt

Stuckley

Sturton

Sucklyn

Swallow

Swardus

Sweeting

Swift

Sydmeres

Symes

Sympfon

TAlbot
Talbeys
Tanner
Tatnall
Taylor
Temple
Tempeft
Teudridge

290
219

277
271
257

217
. 276
120
232

107^276,290
224
223

I73T
5:1,299
110,292
275-
292
221

48
119
298
164
138,248

213
167
62,286
k . 306
215-
289
i6 ?
278

136
141 , 228

170

298
101
88
272

A 170
274

113, 275-
127
204
84

2951,297

140,277
292
182
zyo
290
1 20
171
202

Teuton

Teme

Theme

Theobald

Thompfoti

Thorpe

Tbrckmorton

Thunder

Thurland

Thurflone

Titus

Tofte

Tomlins

Tonfon

Tote

Trayton

Trefues

Tregarthick

Tremaine

Trevett

Trevor

Trevo rs

Trewarthen

Trowbridge

Trice

Trowtebeck

Trunftall

Turner

TwifJen

Twifleton

Tyldejley

VAndeput
Vanheck
Vavafor
Vaughan
Veale
Verney
Vernon
Vincent
Viner
Vfiier
ZJnderwood

WAke
Wakeman

Walden

Walgrave

Walker

Waller

Walleys

Wallop

Walpool

Walter

Ward

Warner

Warnet

Warcupp

Waterhouje

Watfirn

Wait on

227
231
100
168
86,296
109
67
2 43
212
166,232
136
211
100

22J
186
2J4
217

177
186
229
273
141
ijl
227

l7 l
2l8

237

64» 1 97
98

176

103
48

134,182

121

ioy
109
169
146

298
64
171

269
86,302
IOO

41
42
30.
162
287
316
126
260

5^*97
i7o,2yo,29y

169

Weare
Weele
Weld
Wells
Weljh

Wentworth

Werden

Wefierne

Wharton

Wheeler

White.

Le white

Whitmore

Whitwith

Wyche

Wightwick

Wilbraham

Wilcocks

Wild

Wildman

Williams 141, 212,

Williamflon

Willmgton

Wingfield

Wilmer

Winchefter-Colledge

Winn

Windham

Wingham

Wifiwood

Wintember^

Wife

Wifeman

Witchingham

Wittewrong

Wolfe

Wooler

Wolricb

Wolftonholme

Wood

Woodhoufe

Woodnoth

Woodvile

Worjley

Wray

Wright

Wroth

Wycombe

VVylley

VVymondeflold

VVyrley

VVythens

YArdley
Tarmouth
Tellen
Telverton
Teo.

206
166

8j
, 88

90
190
191

86
296
190
131,229
105
234

3<7
295-
29s
66
141
170
219
290,307
109
64
298
.63
108
162

't J
.8y

130

5°
»f

2 7'
2 3

20<

9:
291

! 25

'9
•4J

*4?

235-

170
232

170

126
189
163
142
172

970

7°

FINIS

■

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— s»

Analogia Honorum;

O R, A

TREATISE

O F

Honour and Nobility,

According to the

LAWS =>nd CUSTOMES

O F

ENGLAND.

Colle&ed out of the raoft Authentick Authors,

both Ancient and Modern.

In Two Parts.

THE FIRST

Containing Honour Military ■ and relateth to War.

THE SEC ON D

Honour Civil, and relateth to Court and City.

Illuftrated with variety of SCULPTURES futable to the

ftveral Subjects.

LONDON,
Printed by Tho. Roycroft, Anno Dom. M DC LXXVII.

THE

FIRST PART

Honour Military,

CHAP. J.

) LL Honours may not im-
properly be faid to receive
their Birth either from the
City , Court , or Camp ,
which of all is efteemed
the moft worthy and ho-
nourable, raifing fome to
Imperial and PrincelyDig-
nities , and difthroning others : And in all
Kingdoms ( even amongft the barbarous Ame-
ricans} War hath ever been, and yet is, held
in high efteem , and of great Importance ; as
well for the prefervation of their Laws and
Rights , as for the defence of their Dominions;
for which War is permitted by the Laws of
God , is taught by the Laws of Nature , and
commanded by the Laws of Nations. And to
excite men to valour and noble Atchievments,
Reward, or Honours is conferred upon fuch
that merits the fame , according to their De-
ferts , for the defence of holy Church , their
King, and Country.

War being therefore of fuch concern, it be-
hoveth every prudent Prince , for the welfare
of his People, to be always prepared for Peace
or War, either Offenfive or Defenfive , both
forFd*rreignInvafion, or the fuppreffing Do-
meftick Infurrections ; wherefore it hath been
found expedient tojoyn good Laws(the Friends

of Peace and Reft) unto Arms ; War being
always accompanied with men of audacious and
furious Spirits.

Juftimantts , for the uniting of Laws and
Arms, appointed one Officer, called a Trator
to command both Martially and Civilly; which
Name the Romans continued for their General
of War, arid by his Office had Authority both
Martial and Civil. By which it appears that
War cannot endure without the affiftance of
Law : and wife men, in former Ages, did hold
that Prudence and Power ought not to be fe-
parated ; of which Opinion was Horace, fay-
ing, Vk exfers cimfiti mole ruit fua. Like-
wile for the fame reafon, learned Writers h ere
induced to commend valiant Captains and wife
Counsellors, as it were joyntly and in one rank;
tor with Simonides they joyned Taift Unas .
with Crafus, Solon ; and with Tericles , A-
uaxagoras.

OflVar, and the Caufes thereof.

|~Vfcord is common to all men, and that
I ) occafioned either by Revenge for Inju-
ries done, out of covetoufnefs in gaining that
which belongs to others ; for ambition ^gain-
ing Fame by noble Vi&ories, or fuch like
A % R ca .

iff!

ill

ii!! |i pi

■

Reafons; and this maketh one City to wage
waraeainft another-; one Province to invade
another , and whole Kingdoms w opprefs one
another-, even to a Conqueft it the) can. A-
nihtle proveth that feme men by nature are
born to Command, and others to Obey: by
which it appears that War is neccHary, as well
to compel Viiofe to Obedience, as the others
to hold their Authority. The Romans did
fometimes judge it convenient to make War
only to train up their Youth lit for Service, and
to keep them from idlenefs , which breedeth
Intemperance and Dilhonefty. And by Acti-
on Princes that are martially inclined , have
not only gained Renown , but alfo much en-
larged their Dominions. Yet I am of the Opi-
nion , That War ought not to be made without
juft caufe, and when the Enemy cannot be pcr-
Avaded to reafon by Emballadors , prudent
Princes and Commanders do not wage W ar
unadvifedlv ; and when they do , they mould
follow the" Example of Trajanus , who ob-
ferved thefe Cautions ; to be careful to fupply
the places of his (lain Souldiers j to reprels the
enemies pride ; and according to Military Dif-
ciplinc , contain Mutiners to Obedience and
Order.

Honour Military.

Part I.

Of Souldierr.

SOuldiers,or men profefling Arms, according
to Vlpimus, were called Milites amali-
tia , id ejtduritia ; that is, were fo named in
refpect of the hardnefs and danger they endure
in defence of other people, or becaufe they
keep off the injuries which enemies do offer.
He that dehreth to enjoy the Honour belong-
ing to Arms , ought firft to prove himfelf a
Souldier : which by the Civil Laws may be
done three ways; the firft is by Certificate from
the Captain or Officers ; fecondly, he ought to
make proof of his experience and manhood in
Martial Affairs ; and thirdly, to be regiflred in
the Lift of received Souldiers : and none other
properly ought to be termed Souldiers.

By ancient Cuftom , Souldiers always took
an Oath not to abandon their Captain or Camp,
not to commit Treafon , nor confult with one
another privately to caufe mutining, and the
like. Mdrtiar.us the great Docftor , did re-
ject Bondmen as perfons unfit and unworthy to
be called Souldiers ; and no perfon that hath
committed any infamous Crime , of which he
is convicted , ought afterwards to bear Arms;
fo honourable is the Name and Dignity of a
Souldier.

The perfons excufed from bearing Arms, are
Priefts , and all in Holy Orders , all Graduates
in Schools, all men above the Age of 60 years,
and thofe under the Age of 1 7 years.

Thofe Souldiers that had long ferved the
Romans, either in their Legion, or elfewhere,
and deported themfelves obediently to their

Officers, andhoneftlytoallmen, were called
Veteram , and had great favour fliewed them ;
and that when any Veteran had honeiily fer-
ved them the fpace of twenty years, he was
then called Emeritus, and might have his dif-
miffion to end his days in peace and quietnefs i
with the enjoyment of divers Immunities , be-
fides fignal marks of Honour according to their
merit ; which was a great encouragement to
Youth to be trained up in Military Service,
which oft-times they made ufe of, appointing
Tutors to inftrucT: them therein , and thefe they
called Thrones.

And as on the one hand the Romans reward-
ed them for good Service, fo on the other they
inflicted punilhments according to the hei-
noufnefs of the Offence ; as for Treafon, Dif-
obedience, Abandoning their Colours, and
Aififung the Enemy ; alio for Theft, Murther,
and Cowardife, which they efteemed moft vile.
The experience of which was feen when Sfra-
tfacus defeated the Romans , conducted by
Cfajfus: For prcfently upon that difhonour,
Crafjus commanded a Decimation , and put to
death a tenth man in every Legion , for not
having couragioufly behaved himfelf; which
being done , he began the fight afrefli , and
although their number was lellened, yet were
they victorious, and made havock of the Ene-
my. And if it happened that a Souldier was
degraded for any Offence, it was deemed more
difhonourable unto him, than a punifhment
either Corporal or Pecuniary.

The Donatives or Rewards which the Ro-
mans ufed to beftow on deferving Souldiers ,
were either advance of Honour, increafe of
Wealth , or both ; and that more or lefs , ac-
cording to their Deferts : fome of which I lhall
here give account of. To him that had dif-
mounted an Enemy ( if a Foot-man ) was gi-
ven a pot of Gold, or a piece of Pkte ; andif
anHorfe-man, an ornamental Badge tobefet
onhisCreft. He that firft mounted the Wall
of an Enemies Town or place of Fortification ,
had a Crown of Gold. OElavius Cifrir, after
the Thilipfian War, gave unto the Legionary
Souldiers certain Crowns, and unto every
Captain a purple Garment. Julius Ctsfar ,
after his Triumph for Victory againft Thar-
nax , gave unto every Souldier five thoufand
Groats , to every Leader twice as many , and
to every Horfe-man double fo much. To-mfeius
having overcome Mithri dates, before he tri-
umphed , bellowed upon every Souldier five
hundred Groats , and upon the Captains a far
greater Reward. And Alexander Severus
did ufually fay , That Souldiers would not live
m awe of their General , if they were, not
well clothed, well fed, well armed, and
jo?ne mony in their Tnrfes.

Nor was the Romans flack in their Re-
wards unto their Generals ; for befides rich
Prefents, they conferred Honour on them, and
received them home with triumphal Arches ;

and

Chap. I

and to perpetuate their Fame , they eroded >
Pillars, Statues, orObylisks, to fet forth their
noble Victories.

But what need we fetch all thefe Examples
from the Romans , when our modern Princes
do the fame: witnefs the high advance to
Honour and Riches that our Soveraign, King
Charles the Second , bellowed on that truly
loyal and much defervipg S»bje(ft, George late
Duke of Albemarle , whom I iliall anon take
more occaiion to fpeak of : Nor hath his Maje-
fties Favour been only (hewed on him, but on
divers others , as their Merits deferved ; fome
of which I Iliall alio take occafion to fpeak of
in place more convenient.

Of Ambajjadors or Legal!,

Honour Military.

"HE Office of an AmbafTador is of fo
great Honour and Truft , that none are
impbyed therein , butfuchas are fuffkiently
known unto their Prince for Perlons of Inte-
grity, Prudence, Knowledge in State Affairs ,
and fuch as will be flrid Obfervers of their
Mailers Commands. The Romans had fo high
anefteem for AmbalTadors , that whenfoever
any came to Rome, he was firft brought unto !
the Temple of Saturuus , where his Name
was written before the TrafeStiarii, and from
thence he was conducted to deliver his Embafie
to the Senate. AmbalTadors ought to be in all
Countries inviolable ; and wholo offered Vio-
lence unto them, was thought to have done
contrary to the Law of Nations : which caufed
Tubliiis Mutius to command, That whofoe-
verdid aifault an Ambalfador, fhould be deli-
vered up to the Enemy from whom the Am-
balfador was fent; and although the Enemy
received him not , yet was he to remain an
Exile.

AmbalTadors are generally imployed by their
Prince for the Confirming or Eftablifhing ot
Peace , a Truce, or Leagues ! To demand Re-
ftitution for things unjultly detained , or Satis-
faction for Injuries done : To eftablilli or adjuft
Commerce, or the like. And they are fent
( and folikewife received) in fome State and
Grandure befitting fo high a Dignity.

The Ceremonies, in many Countries, for the
Confirming and Eftablifliingof Peace,a Trace,
and Leagues have been diverAy ufed.

The Lacedemonians confirmed their Trea-
ties with great Sacraments , fwearing to ob-
serve the fame julllv, and without fraud- The
Tartariaus caufed "fome weapon of War to be
brought , and thereupon they took an Oath
to oblerve the fame ; which done , they drank
of the water wherein the weapon was waihed.
The Grecians ( after the death of Cyrus the
younger ) confirming a Peace with Arieuo, a
Commander of a barbarous fort of people,cau-
fed a Bull, a Boar, a Wolf, and a Ram to be
flain , and laid upon a Shield, and in the blood

of thofe Beafls the Grecians dipt their Swords,
and the Barbarians their Launces, each pro-
tefting to obferve Fidelity and Friendlhip to
each other. And the Romans ufed this Cere-
mony , that when Peace was made, the Trie-
tor , the Conful, or Senate delivered to the Fa-
cial an Herb called Verbena, or Grafs pull'd up_
by the root, and therewith fome Boughs of
Verbena , together with a Flint taken out of
the Temple of Jupiter Feretnus ; which
done, the Facial caufed a Sow to be brought
to the Market-place , and holding a Scepter in
his Hand, having his Head covered with a
Cioath , he crowned himfelf with a Crown of
Verbena ; then befeeclred he Jupiter,Mars,3.nd
the other Gods, that if any of the Parties failed
to perform their Agreements , that then he
ihould be ft ricken and flain like the Sow ; after
which Imprecations her Body was cut with the
Flint, upon which they call Fire and Water,
and fo their Sacrifice was folemnized.

Of War, and the natural Inclinati-
ons of the Englifh to it.

Rrational Animals and Vegetables are not
_ only fubjed to , and fwayed by the Powers
and Influences of the Climate under which
they live , but likewife the Temperatures and
Complexions of Mens Bodies, which alfo work-
eth different cffecls in their Minds and Difpofi-
tions: For proof whereof, Experience fliew-
eth that the Italians and French ( as well in
former Ages as at prefent) are more naturally
Courtly , and of brisker Spirits than the Flem-
mives : The Spaniards and Lybians more A-
cile and Crafty , fubjed to Choller , Malice ,
and Pride, than the Suede, Mnjcovite, or other
Septentrional People remoter from the Sun ,
who are more inclined to Valour and Animofi-
ty, and the Nations proximate to the Sun have
their Blood feccicated , which caufeth Melan-
cholinefs, and are noted for the fearching in-
to the fecrets of Nature. The Greeks are in-
clined to Anger , but noted to have been ex-
quifite Mechanicks. The Egyptians and Jews
are addided to Superftition and Idolatry. The
Turks and Tartars to Cruelty : yea , the
carelefs Americans to Luft and Idlenefs ,
reprefenting the Golden Age in their modern
Lives , who are, according as Ovid fanfies ,
the ancient World.

Contentique cibis mtllo cogente creatns,
Ar kites fetus, montanaquefraga legebant.
Comaque, f$ m duru herentia mora rubetis
Etque deciderantpatula]ovis arbore glandes.

Content with Natures vain forced food
They gather Wildings , Strawberries of the
Wood,

Sower Cnrnels,what upon the Bramble grows,
AndAcrons which]oves fpreadingOak beftows.

Honour Mill

nary.

Part i.

To draw home to Britain, a Microcofme
of it felt', fituare under a temperate Clime,
Fertile to the envy of many of her Neigh-
bours , and bieiied w ith all that is neceifary tor
Human Life, producing Men endowed with all
the Vermes that other People difperfed over
the face of the Univerfe , can boaft of, and
principally with hearts that contemn death it
felf, which to other Nations is fo dreadful,
having an affection to Arms, and are covetous
of Fame, Sovereignity, and Honour above o-
ther men.

But it may be objected. How then comes.it
to pafs that we are confined within the nar-
row Bounds of our BrOtiJb Seas? Secondly,
Wherefore have we quitted our Claim to
France, orfufferedit to lye dormant fo many
Ages ? '

To the firft may be Anfwered; That it was
the piety of our Princes to content their felves
within their own Limits, and were unwilling
to be troublefome to other Princes , until our
Henry the Second was fupplicated by the Trifi
to commiferate their Calamities , and deliver
them out of their InteftineBroyls, into which
their irrectincileableDivifionsand unchriftian-
hke Fewds had plunged them. Thus by Com-
position, rather than Conqueft, was our Sove-
reignity confirmed in Ireland, and the Charter
figned by the Jn/h Princes and the Common-
alty, which being tranfmitted to Rome, was
confirmed by Pope Adrian about the Year
1 1 74.

For France it may alfo be Anfwered ; That
we were conftrained to vindicate a juft Title
to that Crown by force of Arms, when Argu-
ments and fair Means would not prevail : and
for the lofs of it , 'tis apparent in all Hiflories
that our Difcords at home, not the Courage or
Force of France forced us to quit the fame
gaining with few Blows what otherwife they
would not fo much as have attempted. Add
hereunto the covetoufnefs and envy of fome
of our Natives, who being themfelves out of
Command, will yield any tearms to a Forreien
Enemy , rather than maintain an Army in pty
for their fecunty; by which facile Conceflions
and Peace thus purchafed , we difcouraee our
Souldery, fuffer them to lofe their Difcipline
and to degenerate by Sloath and Idlenefs •
C a Depravity which coft the Romans very
dear at the beginning of their fecond Cart hi.
gentanVtzi) being almoft ruined before thev
could recover their former practife of Arms
but for us meliora ffero.

War being in divers Cafes juft upon the Of-
fensive part , and abfolutely neceifary on the
Uefenfivc, "tis fit we confider the proper De
hmt.on thereof. It is generally faki, to be the
Exercife of Arms againft an Enemy, but more
properly 'tis a Contention between Princes or
tain V-^' force A of J M , en u "der Difcipline to ob-
tain Victory: And the end of War is either to
Obtain Victory, or to live in Peace and Sour.

The Divifion of War ( for fo much as con-
cerns England') may Le of two forts or kinds-
viz. Terene and Naval ; in open Field, or up-
on the Seas. The Art and Exercife of both
are abfolutely neceifary , it being impoffible
torus to fecure our Shoars, if we are not Ma-
tters of the Seas,- nor were we ever victorious
in our Tranfmarine Attempts, before our E-
nemies Naval Forces were conquered, as ap-
pears by the Hiflories of Edward the Third
Henry the Fifth, &c. Thus are our Oaken
Cafiles our fecureft Bulwarks to defend us from
our Enemies,- nor can we offend them abroad
without thefe floating Squadrons ; how need-
ful then is the excellent employ of Navigation
to our Nation , and how glorious, or rather
terrible might we be to the Univerfe , if we
did more encourage it, by maintaining a Roy-
al Navy, and having an Army ready upon any
occafion; be it either by Handing Troops or
a reformed and well difciplined Militia, which
is held more grateful to the People in gene-
ral.

Thilip de Comines tells us of his own know-
ledge That the Englijh, at their firft Arri-
vals France, were very raw, and ill difci-
plined Souldiers ; but within the fpace of two
or three weeks, which they fpent in mode-
rate Exercife , before the French could rally
up a Force to engage them, they grew expert
m their Weapons , and became fit for the Field-
Service : from whence he concludes, That the
Englijh, of all People in the World , are the
molt prone to War, and aptefttomake good
Souldiers. Our late Actions at home and a-
broad juftifie our ligitimate Succeflion from
iucn valiant Anceftors ; nor is there any thing
to much wanting amongft us, as Encourage-
ment to the truly generous Martial Spirits.
Charles the f ifth advifes his Son to preferve
his old Souldiers from tloath by conftant Exer-
cife and to train up the Youth of Spam under
Leaders who had Lands, Goods , and Relati-
ons to fecure their Loyalty to the Crown
it they were naturally addicted to Arms • be-
caufe fenfe of Honour, or ihame of Punifh-
ment, with the lofs of Efiate , mult necefiari-
ly prevail more with fuch, than can be expe-
cted from others who carry all their Interetl ,n
their Perfons , and iiave nothing to care for
but their own fafety. Alfo the priviledee of
wearing a Martial Robe,- the priority of place
in fome pubhek AiTemblies , or the like, would
much encourage Youth to Martial Difciphne
Nor is this only a Sfamfh Device, but Was
the prad-ife of the Romans , who had their
feyeral Triumphs for their Victorious Gene-
rals , and alfo particular Rewards for their
private Souldiers. He who had firft boarded
an Enemies Ship, entred their Camp or Garri-
fon , flam one of their Captains in Combat
taken a Standard , &c. was rewarded with a
Silver Crown of form denoting his Exploit,
with a Collar of Gold, or the hke ; the wear-

ing

Honour Military.

Chap. I.

ing of which in their Theatres was prized
equal to the poflefiipri of a Seigniory without
fuch an Honour. We read of a young man
in Sttfto's Army , who had done gallant Ex-
ploits in a Battel under him , fo that he de-
ferved fuch a Reward as aforefaid ; Scipo
judging of his mind , gave him a good fum of
Money, exhorting him toperfevere in his Va-
lour: but he with a fad countenance laid down
the Gold at Scipio's feet, demanding of him
the Honourable Enfign of Victory in lieu of the
Gold, preferring Glory before Gain ; for which
noble Ad he was not only commended , but
advanced by the General , as moft fit for Ho-
nour and Office , having a Spirit free from the
fordid Vice of Covetoufnefs, which blafts the
Fame of many a valiant Captain , and ruins
many a brave Army. It were to be wiihed
that fuch Roman Spirits were now to be found
amongft us, and then 'tis probable the War
might have proved more fuccesful : but now
adays fuch true Valour gives place to Intereft ,
and to an Officer of Fortune , the dread of
being disbanded makes a Victory more fatal
to him than a Foil ; for who will beat his
Enemy , that muft feel a want when he has
none to appear againft ? What then more
ferviceable than a well difciplined Militia to
be imployed upon all occafions , at Sea and
Land? For the Officers (as men of Eftates)
would be glad to win Honour with hazard of
their Lives ; and if they fliould return with
the lofs of a Limb , would not put the King
to the Charge of a Penfion : And for the
Souldiers, when difmift , may immediately
fall to their Trade, or to Husbandry, plea-
fing themfelves to tell their Neighbours the
Story of their Adventures. Thus the large
Armies of Horfe , which fupport the Tttrkiflt
Empire, are maintained. Thus is Poland
preserved from the power of the Turk : and by
this very way were our Kings anciently
guarded , their Caflles defended , their For-
ces for Conqueft , as well as Defence , mu-
ttered up ( viz. by Knights Service) as our
Hiflories and Law Books fufliciently demon-
ftrate.

Of Captains General, Marjhals s and
other chief Commanders.

AN Army may be provided , a Navy
rigged , manned , and equipped , but |
the chief and moft difficult task is to find a
Generaliffitno worthy of Command , one up-
on whofe Conduit the hope of the War de-
pends ; I mean not in the force of his Per-
fon , but in his Knowledge in Military Af-
fairs , in his Magnanimity , which compre-
hends the four Cardinal Vertues , "viz. Pru-
dence , Juftice , Temperance, and Fortitude;
in his Authority, and in his Difpofition to en- |

gage the Affections of his Souldiers, without
which they will hardly be brought to do him
Honour , nor theif King and Country good
Service , as might be demonllrated by feveral
Examples, were it convenient.

It behoveth a General , not only to Con-
duit his Army ; but carefully to provide fof
them Provifions as well as Ammunition , and
to ihew himfelf prudent , patient , cautious ,
and liberal unto them , indeavouring to gain
by love what he might command from them
by power. And this made Homer to call A*
gamemnon a Pafior of 'People , becaule he
carefully looked after the falety of his Arm)':
Theodofius the Emperor did not command the
meaneft of his Souldiers to do any thing , but
that he himfelf would fometimes do. And
Antontus did fometimes march on foot , and
carry in his Hand the general Enfign of the
Army , which was verv ponderous , to Ihew
that his Souldiers fliould not refufe to undergo
any Labour that fliould be required from
them.

Amongft the many good pror erties required
in a General , nothing is more commendable
than Liberality ; and on the contrary , Cove-
toufnefs as much deteftable : for hard it is to
attend the Affairs of War, and be overmuch
in love with Money. Yet that Commander,
who with Honour and good Confcicnce can
attain to Wealth , is not to be difliked ; for
thereby he may upon an emergent occafion
fupply the wants of a necefiitated Army.
And that General is moft to be efleemed,
who ( as a Souldier) know eth how to offend
his Enemy , to govern his own Forces , pa-
tiently to fuffer want , and to endure labour ,
heat,and cold: For fometimes it is found, that
he who hath Authority to command, want-
eth another to command him , for want of
true knowledge of thofe things that belong
unto his Office ; lor it is more difficult for a
General cr Commander to know what be-
longethunto him, than to execute' the Office
of that place , feeing that Skill muft pre-
cede Aition , and ufe go before Command-
ment.

It is expedient for all Princes and Comman-
ders to be well read in Hiflories, and princi-
pally thofe that concern the Actions of their
Anceffors . And this (_ as fome believe) cau-
fed King Edward the Third (when he made
War againft Robert the Second, King of
Scots') to order a certain Monk to attend
him in that Expedition , to w rite down all
the Actions of that Enterprize. Mahomet the
Second, Emperour of the Turks , endeavour-
ed much to know the Fliftories of his Prede-
ceflbrs, and gave liberally unto one John Ma-
ria of Vincetiz.i , to write the Victories he
obtained againft Vftncajfan King of Ter/ia.
Much more praife and honour is due unto
thofe Commanders, thatby«long Service, and
due degrees of War, have deferved the Titles

ap-

Honour Military.

Part I.

appertaining unto Arms, and bear about them
the Scars and Marks of true Valour.

A General of Horfe ( according to Tlato )
ought to be made by the confent of the
whole Army. The Trafetli or great Com-
manders were elected by thofe Souldiers that
bare Targets : The Tribum militnm had their
advancement by the voice of Men at Arms ;
and other Captains or Commanders of a low-
er quality were chofen by the chief Gene-
ral. And that Perfon that in Service was
moft painful , in Actions mod induftrious , in
Perils moft refolutc , in Counfel moft provi-
dent, and in Execution moft quick , was by
the Chieftains elected for their Emperor.

Leo the Emperor , in his Book entituled ,
The Preparation for War , fpeaking of the
Election of a General , faith , That to know
the generality of a Horfe, or a Dog , we have
regard to his proper Operations , rather than
to the Dam or Sire which begot him ; even
fb the Noblenefi of a Man ought to be Canfidev-
edby hit proper Valour and Vertue , and not
by the Blood of thofe that brought him into
the World , neither of the Glory of bis An-
cestors, which oft-times degenerates. I con-
fefs, to aim more at the Noblenefs of the Blood
than at the neceffary Vermes of the Perfon
chofen, is a dangerous Error in time of Acti-
on , and proved fatal to Thoats the Emperor,
when he fent his Nephew Manicel againft the
Sarazens , being a young Man of no Experi-
ence , yet ftubborn in his Refolves j who ,
contrary to the Vote of his Council of War ,
followed his Enemy till he was drawn by them
into certain Streights, and hemmed in, and
the moft part of his Army flain. Fazelli lib.6.
Dec. i. Hifl. Sicili.

A Charge of fo grand an Import ought
therefore to be beftowed upon a worthy Per-
fon , whofe Vertues have been tryed in times
of trouble, one ( if to be found ) whofe con-
duct hath been crowned with Succefs. The
Commander , whofe Helmet hath been ufual-
ly canopied with the Plumes of Victory, will
not quickly be forfaken of his Souldiers in the
uttermoft Extremity ; they ftill expecting the
fame Fortune ihould attend him , as Julius
Cafar oftentimes experienced : nor is it an ea-
fie task to engage an Enemy againft him upon
equal terms.

An experienced, liberal, and tender affectio-
native General to his Souldiers is then the Man:
and the more Illuftrious by Birth the better ;
Equality caufing Emulation, which fome con-
vert to envy, and that oftentimes ends in inve-
terate Malice.

Never have we been more fortunate than
in our Royal Armies when we have had a
King , or an Heir Apparent to the Crown, the
Head thereof ; witnefs our Victories in Tale-
ftine and Cyprus under King Richard ; our
many victorious Henries and Edwards ; the
Battels of Crejfey , TozcJiers, and Agincourt ; '!

our grand Victory at Sea in the Dutch War
under the Conduct of his Royal Highnefs
James Duke of lork. Nor are we at pre-
sent defutute of Captains of the Blood Roy-
al , which are endowed with all Virtues and
Princely Qualities requifite for fo great Im-
ploy : Let me but mention his Royal Highnefs
the Duke of Tork , and all Chriftendome will
fecond me , to his eternal Fame ,• that neither
Alexander , Cafar , nor any other old Cap-
tains fhewed greater Courage or Skill , palled
through greater perils by Land or Sea than he
hath done ; nor is there any Perfon in Eu-
rope that can juftly difpute for Glory with
him, or whole Lite hath been fo illuftrious.
Let us but confider , How that at Twenty
years of Age .he had traced moft part of
Chriftendome to encounter glorious Actions ,•
that fmce he has been engaged in all forts of
Combats, wherein he hath been Conqueror:
That he hath appeared magnanimous in Cam-
paigns, Leguers, Battels, and Seiges by Land ,-
in tile moft furious and dreadful Sea fights , in
which he hath given life to fome Enemies,
and taken it from others : His efcaping fuch
Hazards , and palling by Domeftick Broyls
with a Princely Scorn , would half perfwade
a credulous perfon that he had evaded the
time of dying, and that for the World's gene-
ral good it were decreed , he Ihould endure as
long as the Sun and Moon to fupport the Gran-
dure of the Brittijh Monarchy , in the Perfon
of his Sacred Majefty King Charles the Second,
and his lawful Succeilors.

Next to his Pvoyal Highnefs , we may juftly
commemorize his Highnefs Prince Rupert,
Duke of Bavaria , Count Palatine of the
Rhine, Duke of Cumberland, Earl of Holder-
tiefs, Ssc who from his Birth was defigned for
Warlike Atchievements : for the calamities
that followed that illuftrious Family from Bo-
hemia to the 'Palatinate , forced the Queen
and this Infant Prince into the Low Countries,
where he palled his tender Age in the practi-
fing the knowledge of Military Affairs ; info-
much that at about the Age of Thirteen
years he marched under the command of
the Prince of Orange to the Seige of Rhine-
berg , and proved fo good a Proficient in that
rough Study, that at the Age of Eighteen he
was thought fit to command a Regiment of
Horfe in Germany. In the Battel of Lemgow,
1638. being taken by the Imperalifts under
the Command of Count Hatzfield,he remain-
ed a Prifoner above three years , till by the
Mediation of his Uncle , the King of Great
Brittain , he was fet at Liberty : And in re-
quital of which kindnefs , hearing that Eng-
land was in an uproar , he poftedhither , and
tendered his Service to his Uncle , who in An-
no ibqz gracioufly received him; and at a
Chapter held at Jork , was made Knight of the
moft Noble Order of the Garter. 'Twas then

TheEtfges of the Right Noble George,
Earte ufTorrmatoiiJiiuonJloncke -
Teys. Jinight of the Noble orderof the'
Devonshire . Captame GeneralL of —
Ioynt A3 imraU n'itlihujlwbnefi^~i
one of tlie Lords Comilsionerj of his
of his Be? chamber teoneofij ' I?.'ofhis\

JL2uj- Le Davis Jciitp

> Mlatel)ukeofA£&£MJlSlJ\£.
jg&r- of father idqe3eauchamp and
vtVBBfk &Brte^aruZeiatinttnz of-^s^~
tnsjtqjts^hies Land Forces. ^c^-
jff^ Omx~trince Kvpertvitht loft DutchTJarr,
— -Jl Majes tysTreaf\a\mrft\u Crendemen
~ 'lnwftKon tk privy C ounce- U <Lc?

Chap. I.

Honour Civil,

a time of Action , and each party endeavour-
ed to gain a Reputation by their Valour at the
opening of the War; in wffich his Highncls
had the fortune to rout a party of the Rebels
Horfe near ,'/ orcefter , commanded by one
Colonel Sands. The Prince being made Ge-
neral of his Majefties Cavalry, he had Field-
room enough to exercife his Courage , and
ihew his Condu.t. Divers Incounters , and
fome pitched Fields are fought with various
i'ucctis , viz. at Edghill , the taking of Ci-
rencester, theraifingof the Siege of Newark,
Litchfield and Lalham-houfe , the taking of
Briftol, and thole bloody Battels at Newber-
ry and Marflon-moor , in all which he was a
principal Actor , and in fome the chief Com-
mander. And as an acknowledgment of his
Majefties Favours for thefe his many hazards
and good Services done, he was created Duke
of Cumberland ; and in Anno 1 644-was made
Generaliflimo of lus Majefties Forces in the
room of General Rut hen : He marcheth from
Oxford with the King Northwards. In May
1645. takes Leitifltr by ftorm; but hearing
that Fairfax and Cromwell had beleagucr'd
Oxford, he returns, diverts their Dcfign, and
fights the fatal Battel of N.usby againft them :
Is afterwards beaeged in Briftol by Fairfax,
which he furrenders upon Articles;and thence
marcheth to Oxford , where he continued , till
the King defpairing of any relief , quitted the
Garri&h, and went into Scotland. Oxford
being delivered up , the Prince takes the be-
nefit of the Articles of Surrender to tranfport
hfmfelf into France : was afterwards Admiral
of fuch Ships as left the Rebels to pay their
Duty to their Sovereign Prince, in which he
ran many hazards , and efcapetl the perils of
the Seas ; but his Brother , Prince Maurice ,
perifbed in a Hericane. At |aft lie returns
t -a to the King , and Irom thence goes
into Germany , where he remained till his Ma-
jefties mod happy Reftauraticn , by whom
he was aftectionacely invited and welcomed
into England \n Anno 1662. and made a Pri*
vy Counccilor. In the year j 66f>. was ioyn-
ed Admiral with the Duke of Albemarle a-
gainft the Dutch Fleet, and refcued him from
the danger that he and his Squadron were
in, being alfaulted by the Dutch's whole
Fleet, when ours was unhappily divided; but
the Prince's feafonable Afliftance fecured our
Honour , and put the Enemy to a fhameful
flight. In the year 167^. he went Admi-
ral to Sea againft the Dutch. Thefe his A-
ctions are remunerated by a Penfion of Four
thoufand pounds per Annum ■ and the War-
denlhip of }Vind\of Caftle. Thus you fee
tile life of a Hero to be like a Voyage at Sea ,
compofed of Calms and Tempefts, which un-
expectedly fucceed each other.

Tims in a Victors Garland oft we fee,
Laurels with Cyprefs intermixed be.

But I could lofe my felf in the Admiration"
of : thefe Objects , were I not again furprized
by the late Generous' and Noble Exploits of
the Heroick Prince , "Ji.mcs Duke ol Mon-
mouth , wliofe brave Spirit difdaining to be
confined to the eafe of a Court life , con-
[ temning the foft pieafures of Peace , feeks
< out Dangers abroad , makes Bellona his Mi-
ftrefs, denes death in his afcent to Honour
and thus immortalizes his Name throughout
Chriftendome by his Valour and Conduct at
Maftricht, in Anno 1673. To artect Glory m
Youth is becoming a Royal Birth ; and to be-
gin with Victory is a happy Omen of Fu-
ture Succefs. In a long progrefs of time a
Coward may become a Conquerour : Some
others from mean Adventures, paiiing
through grofs Errors, grow to Experience ,
and in time perform great Exploits: But
as there are few Rivers Navigable from their
hrft Fountain ; fo are fuch Men doubtlefs
very rare, and fingular , who have not any
need either of growth or years, nor are fub-
jeft either to the Order of Times, or Rules
of Nature. ' Proceed brave Prince in the path
you have fo fairly traced out,and let the World
fee your renowned Valour.

Of a lower Orb, we may juflly boaft cf
our Englifh Fabins , General Monk, who
fo wifely wearied out Lambert by his de-
lays , and cajoled the rebellious Rump Par-
liament. He was a Perfon of great Valour
Experience and Prudence whofe Loyalty
and -Conduct hath given him a never dy-
ing Fame to be celebrated by the Pens and
Tongues of all good Subjects, whilft the Name
of Britain lafteth. His Exploits were tru-
ly great , his Succefs in his Conduct renown-
ed with too mmy Victories to be here in-
ferted : Let it fuffice to fay lie was bred a
Souldier, and after the many risks of For-
tune got the i\rt to mannage that fickle
Lady fo well , that he triumphed over his
Foes both in War and Peace, acted the part
of a good Politician , the trufty old Cujhai,
confounding the Counfel of Aclutophel , to
preferve his Royal Mafter , and was the b'lef-
fed Inftrument of his Majeftie's molt happy
Reftauration to his Crown and Dignity,
and the Kingdom to its priftine Laws and
Liberties , fecuring to himfelf and Pofterity
that well purchafed Title of the molt High,
Potent, and Noble Prince George , Duke of
Albemarle, Earl of Torrington, Baron Monk
of Totheridge , Beauchamp and Teys ; befides
which Hereditary Titles, he was Knight of
1 the Noble Order of the Garter, one of his
Majefties moft Honourable Privy Council ,
\ and Captain General of all his Majefties
B For-

Honour Military.

Part I.

Forces during life ; an Honour and Office
fcarce ever before intruded in the hands of
a Subject in times of Peace. He lived the
darling of his Country , dearly beloved of
his Majefty , and all the Royal Stem , and
dreadful to our Forreign and Home-bred
Foes , but laden with Love , Honour , and
Years. He yielded up his Life to the Hands
of him that gave it , and departed in peace
the Third Day of January, Amio'Dom. 16%.
lamented by all good Subjects.

. Toftfunera Virtus.

We have many more that by Experience
and Conqueft are very well known to be
eminent Warners , whofe Noble Ads were
enough to fill large Volumes , and whofe
worthy Atchievements will be recorded in
the Hiilories of that Age for an Encourage-
ment to Pofterity , the Effigies of fome of
which I have here lively reprefented to your
View.

THE

'Dili -Portraiture cE in menwry a£ Bertram
who in tfie txpnt of King Harold *rar^— v
of Doi'zr and Sheriff of the said Courttif.
at the LanOvig of MtiUiamtlie Congaeror f Ka\g
hrmaLetter to~t~aisi all the force tinder ^
whtnthe -King came, vp to oppose y Coiiqiieroi;
Comand tn the 3attie) received foe mani[^~i
An? fmce which tipne (through the mercy of |
euer fince continued atyUhburnham, aforesaid.

i'.ojtf hi Davis fcnh
| jtehburnbojii J_jhhirnham in Stiff ex.,
VJarden of the C u\qwj? or ts, Constable
and be trig a person in joe great power
J MamId-(ii'!}Q wis: tnen. ulSu North^fent^^-
ftis Covian? to withstand the IiwadovAnd
the sat 3 Bertram ^i'ha ha? an tmmtitc
\ Ucamds that focn after he ?ye3 thereof-^-
™god)the Said family qry a dweel malt linljhave
W are the prefent yofsfrcrj' thereof

1 1

THE

SECOND PART

O R

Honour Civil ;

AND

Treateth of the Nobility and Gentry, according to the Laws and

Cuftomes of England.

CHAP. I.

Of Honour General and Particular.

lONOUR. is the Reward
of Vertue, as Infamy the
Recompence of Vice; and
he that delireth to mount
her footfteps (_ as natural-
ly all men in fome degree
or other are addicted unto)
muft arrive thereunto by the way of Vertue :
which was ftriitly obferved by the Romans; for
Dignities byBirth were not enough to advance
them thereunto , if they were not endowed
with Heroick and Vertuous Qualificationsjand
Honour mould be a Teftimony of their Excel-
lency therein. Some Learned Writers fay ,
That Honour confifteth in exterior Signs ; and
Ariftoth calleth it Maximum bonorum exte-
riorum : Others fay it is a certain Reverence
in Teftimony of Vertue. Honour is of great-
er efteem than Silver or Gold , and ought to
be prized above all Earthly Treafure. And

for the encouragement of Youth to vertuous
Atchievements , the Romans were no more
ilack in their Rewards and Badges of Honour,
than they were in their puniihment of Vice,
which was moft deteftable unto them. And
Marcus Tulhus fttidying to reftrain the Vice
of Youth, by Law ordained eight feveralpu-
nifhments, which he called Damnum, Vincu-
la, Verier a, Tatio , Jgnomitiia, Exilium ,
Mors, Servitus.

The Enfigns of Honour, which the Romans
ufed to bellow in token of Dignity , were
Chains of Gold, gilt Spurs' and Launces , but
principally Crowns of different forms ; which
at firft were made of Bays in token of Mirth
and Viftory, but afterwards they were made
of Gold.

The chief Crowns were Military, with
which their Confuls and chief Commanders
in their Triumphs were crowned.

B i The

Honour Civil.

Part II.

The next was by them called Corona Mura-
lis, and was given to him that was firft feen
upon the Wall of an Enemies Town ; and this
Crown was wrought with certain Battlements
like a Wall, and made of Gold.

Corona Caflrenfis, made of Gold with points
like Towers ; and this was given for a Re-
ward to him that could break the Wall of an
Enemy, and enter the Town or Caftle.

Corona Navalis, made of Gold, garniihed
with Forecaftles, and given to him that firft
boarded an Enemies Ship.

Corona Oleaginea, made of Gold, given to
them that repulfed an Enemy, or were Victo-
rious in the Olympian Games.

Corona Ovalts, made of Gold, given to them
that entred a Town taken with little Refi-
ftance, or yielded upon Compofition .

Coror/aOi/iti/o!ia/is,givch to a GeneralLead-
er that had faved his Army in Diftrefs;and this
Crown was made of the Grafs growing where
the Army was befeiged.

Corona Civica , made of Oaken Boughs ,
and was given to him that faved a Citizen
from the Enemy.

Corona Haderalis, which was given to Po-
ets.

Corona Topdea, which was given to young
men that were induftrious,and inclined to Ver-
tue.

Ariftotle makes four kinds of Civil Nobi-
lity , viz. Divitiarum , Genera , Virt litis ,
S DifciPltna.

Sir John Feme defines Civil Nobility to be
an Excellency of Dignity and Fame, placed in
any Kingdom or People, through the Vertues
there ihewed forth to the profit of that King-
dom. Which made Diogenes to tearm No-
blenefs of Blood a Vail of Lewdnefs , a Cloak
of Sloth, and a Vizard of Cowardife.

Civil Nobility may be refined into a triple
Divifion ; firft by Blood , fecondly by Merit ,
and thirdly by Blood and Merit ; which laft
without doubt is the mod honourable, and of
greateft efteem : For certainly the Honour
gained lives in his Family , and doth perpetu-
ate his Vertues to Pofterity ; whilft the glory
that thofe by defcents of Blood lliine in , is
but the reflection of their Anceftors. For
all will judge the raifer of a Family more ho-
nourable than him that fucceeded him ,
not adding to that Honour by any Merit of his
own. So that it is the beft honour the Son
can do hisdeceafed Father or Relation, toi-
mitate his Vertues.

If any perfon be advanced -by lawful Com-
miflion of his Prince, to any Place, Dignity,
or publick Adminiftrarion , be it either Eccle-
fiaitical, Military, or Civil, fo that the faid
Office comprehends in it Dignitatem, vel
dignitatis titulum, he ought tolbe received in-
to the Degree of Gentility. And a Man may
be ennobled by Letters Patents from his
Prince, though he have not the Superiour Ti-

tles added ; and may have a Coat of Arms
given him.

Of Gentry } and bearing of Arms.

N~| Oah had three Sons who were faved witli
<J him in the Ark from the Deluge , viz.
Sem, Cham, and Jafheth ; and between thefe
three he divided the World. Sem, his eldeft
Son he made Prince of Afia; Cham, his fecond,
Prince of Africa ■ and Jafheth , his third ,
Prince of Europe.

Of thefe three iflued divers Emperors and
Rulers , whereof at this day we have ten De-
grees ; of which Six are called Noble, as a
Gentleman, Efquire, Knight, Baronet, Ba-
ron, and V/fcouut : and four others are called
excellent, as an Earl, Marquis, Duke, and
Trince.

There are Nine fundry Callings of Gentle-
men.

1. The' firft is a Gentleman of Anceftry,
which muft needs be a Gentleman of Blood.

2. The fecond is a Gentleman of BIood,and
not of Anceftry, as when he is the fecond de-
gree defcended from the firft.

3. The third is a Gentleman of Coat Ar-
mour, and not of Blood, as when he weareth
the Kings Devife given him by a Herald. If
he have Ilfue to the third Defcent , that Iflue
is a Gentleman of Blood.

4. The fourth alfo is a Gentleman of Coat
Armour, and not of Blood ,- as when the King
giveth a Lordfhip to him and his heirs for e-
ver ; then he may by vertue thereof bear the
Coat of the Lord's making , the Herald ap-
proving thereof : But if any of the Blood of
that Lordfhip be yet remaining, he cannot
bear the fame.

y. The fifth is a Chriftian man, that in the
Service of God and his Prince kills a Hea-
then Gentleman , he lhall bear his Arms of
what degree foever Q a Knight Banneret ex-
cepted ) and ufe his Atchievement without a-
ny difference , faving only the word of the
fame mifcreant Gentleman. If he alfo have
Ilfue to the fifth Degree, they are Gentiles of
Blood. Note that no Chriftian may bear a-
nother Chriflians Coat, nor a Pagan a Pagans
Coat, on the Condition abovefaid: But if an
Englifh man in the Field , when the Banner
Royal is difplayed , do put to flight any Gen-
tleman which is an Enemy to his Prince, from
his Banner of Arms the Englifh Soul-
dier may honour his own Coat in the Sinifter
Quarter with the proper Coat of the Gentle-
man that he fo put to flight.

Alfo in Challenge of Combat the Victor
lhall not bear the Coat of the Vanquifhed : yet
indeed the Vanquilhed lhall lofe his own Coat;
But if he marry a Gentlew oman of Coat-Ar-
^ mour, by the Courtefie of England he may
bear hers.

6. If

Chap. I.

Honour Civil.

6. If the King do make a Yeoman a Knight,
he is then a Gentleman of Blood.

7. The Seventh is when a Yeoman's Son is
advanced to Spiritual Dignity , he is then a
Genrleman, but not of Blood ; but if he be a
Do&or of the Civil Law, he is then a Gentle-
man of Blood.

8. The Eighth is called a Gentleman untry-
al, as brought up in an Abby, and ferving in
good calling, and alfo is of kind to the Ab-
bots.

9. The Ninth is called a Gentleman Apocri-
fate,fuch a one as ferving the Prince as a Page,
groweth by diligence of Servix to be Steward,
or Clerk of the Kitchin, and is without Badge
of his own , except when the Prince by the
Herald endoweth him with fome Gonifance,

kJlriftotk in his Toliticks reciteth four kinds
of Nobility ; that is , Noblenefs of Riches ,
Noblenefs of Lineage , Noblenefs of Vertue ,
and Noblenefs of Science : amongft which ,
thofe of Vertue and Lineage are of chief efti-
mation, being fuch from whence the others do
proceed.

As fome write, Nobility began to be advan-
ced lliortly after Noah's Flood : For when pof-
feflions were given by the confent of the peo-
ple ( who had all things in common,and were
of equal degree>hey gave them to fuch whom
they admired for their Vermes, and from
whom they received a common benefit.

The Law of Arms, which is chiefly directed
by the Civil Law, muft needs be very ancient;
for field nor fight cannot be continued with-
out the Law ; therefore 'tis to be prefumed it
began when Battels were firft fought in the
World ; and the bearing of Arms was come to
fome perfection at the Siege of Troy ; for He-
ft or of TVoy bore Sable,two Lyons combattant,

Or. j . " ■

It is written by an ancient Author , called
Gefia Trojanor. that a Knight was made be-
fore any Coat-Armour ; and how. Afterial,
who came from the Line of Japheth,\\&A a Son
named Olibton, who was a ftrong and mighty
man, and when the people multiplyed , being
without a Governour , and were warred upon
by the people of Cham , they all cryed upon
Olibton to be their Governour; which accept-
ing of, and men being muftered under him,
his Father made to his Son a Garland of Nine
divers precious Stones, in token of Chivalry.
Then Olibion kneeled down , and his Father
took Japhettis Faulchion that Tubaltna.de be-
fore the Flood , and fmote him nine times on
the right moulder , in token of the nine Ver-
mes of Chivalry. Alfo After ial gave to his
Son Olibion a Target made of an Olive Tree,
with three Corners, two above his Face , and
one beneath to the ground-ward.

Principles of Honour and Vertue
that every Gentleman ought to
he endowed with.

TO love, honour, and fear God, to walk
after his Commandments, and to his
power defend and maintain the Chriftian Re-
ligion ; To be' loyal and ferviceable to his
Prince and Country ;To ufe Military Exercifes;
To frequent the War, and to prefer Honour
before worldly wealth; to be charitable to
the diftrelied , and to fupport Widows and Or-
phans ; To reverence Magistrates , and thofe
placed in Authority ; To cherifli and encou-
rage Truth, Vertue, andHonefly, andtoef-
chew Riot, Intemperance, Sloth, and all dif-
honeft Recreations and Company ; To be of
a courteous, gentle, and affable deportment
to all men , and to deleft wide and haughti-
nefs; To be of an open and liberal heart, de-
lighting in Hofpitahty, according to the Ta-
lent that God hath bled him with j To be
true and juft in his word and dealing, and in all
refpe&s give no caufe of Offence.

Of Precedency.

THe Degrees of Honour which are in this
Kingdom obferved , and according to
which they have precedency, maybe compre-
hended under two Heads, -viz. Nobiles Ma-
jores, and Mobiles Muwres. Thofe compre-
hended under Majores are Dukes of the Royal
Blood, Archbifhops, Marquilles , Earls , Vif-
counts, Bifliops, and Barons : And thofe un-
der Mincres are Knights of the Garter ( if no
otherwife dignified ) Knights Bannerets, Ba-
ronets, Knights of the Bath, Knights Batche-
lors, Efquires, and Gentlemen. And all or
molt of thefe Degrees of Honour are fpecula-
tively diftinguifhed the one from the other in
their Enfigns or Shields of Honour, as fhall be
mewed in the Chapter of each particular De-
gree.

Touching place of Precedency arrionft the
Peers, or thofe under the Name of Nobiles
Majores , it is to be obferved , That all No-
bles of each Degree take place according ttf
their Seniority of Creation , and not of years,
unlefs they are defended of the Blood Royal,
and then they take place of all others of the
fame Degree.

That after the King,the Princes of the Blood
j -viz. the Sons, Grandfons, Brothers , and Ne-
phews of the King take place : Then thefe
great Officers of the Church and Crown are to
1 precede all other of the Nobility, viz. the
\ \ Archbilhop of Canterbury, the Lord Chancel-
lor,

Honour C ivil.

Part 1 1.

for ,or Lord Keeper of the Great Seal,the Arch-
biihop of Tor/, the Lord Treafurer of England,
the Lord Prefident of the Privy Council , and
the Lord Privy Seal. Next Dukes, Marquif-
fes, Dukes eldeft Sons, Earls, Marquilies el-
deft Sons, Dukes younger Sons, Vifcounts,
Earls eldeft Sons, Marquilfes younger Sons, Bi-
fhops , Barons , Vifcounts eldeft Sons, Earls
youngeft Sons,Barons eldeft Sons, Privy Coun-
■ cellors, Judges, and Matters of the Chancery,
Vifcounts younger foils, Barons younger Ions,
Knights of the Garter ( if no other wife digni-
fied' which is fcldom found ) Knights Banne-
rets, Baronets, Knights of the Bath, Knights
Batchelors, Colonels, Serjeants at Law, Do-
ctors, and Efquires , which may be compre-
hended under five Heads : i . Efquires unto the
King's Body ; z. The Defendants by the Male
Line from a Peer of the Realm ; ^.The eldeft
fons of Baronets and Knights ; 4. The two Ef-
quires attending upon Knights of the Bath at
their making; And 5. Officiary Efquires, as
Jufticcs of the Peace, Barreflers at Law, Lieu-
tenant Colonels, Majors, and Captains; and
laftly Gentlemen.

Note, That thefe great Officers of Court, of
what Degree foever they are of, take place a-
bove all others of the faid Degree ; viz-, the
Maftcr of the Horfe , Lord Chamberlain of
EnglMd, Lord High Conftable of England,
Lord Marfhal of England , Lord Admiral of
England , Lord Steward, and Lord Chamber-
lain of his Majefties Houfliold.

So the Secretaries of State, if Peers , take
place of all of that Degree, except thefe great
Officers aforefaid.

Note, That the Ladies take place or prece-
dency according to the Degree or Quality of
their Husbands.

O Note, That in a Volume latelyj.nl/lifljed
by me , f7/?;?7/iW Britannia, betng aT)e-
(cription of his Majefties 'Dominions, in
page 33. the precedency of the Nobility
and Gentry a treated of, wherein the Ala.
fters of the Chancery are placed next af-
ter Serjeants at Law, which Error hap-
pened through wrong Information, their
right place being next after fudges, as is
here fet down.
Note, That it was decreed by King James , '
That the younger fons of Vifcounts and Barons
ihould yield place to all Knights of the Garter,
to all Bannerets made under the Standard Roy-
al, his Ma jetty being prefent, to all Privy
Councilors, Mafter of the Wards, Chancel-
lor, and under Treafurer of the Exchequer ,
Chancellor of the Dutchy , Chief Juftice of
the King's Bench, Mafter of the Rolls , Chief
Juflice of the Common Pleas , Chief Baron of
the Exchequer , and to all other Judges and
Barons of the degree of the Coif, by rea-
fon of their Honourable imploy in his Majefties
Courts of Juftice.

Note, That as there are fome great Officers
as aforefaid , that take place above the Nobi-
lity of a higher Degree ; fo are tiiere fome
perfons, who tor their Dignities Ecclefiaftick
Degrees m the Univerlities , and Officers in
an Army, although neither Knights nor Gen-
tlemen born, take place amongu them: Thus
all Deans, Chancellors, Prebends, Doctors of
Divinity, Law, and Phyfick, are ufually pla-
ced before raoft forts of Efquires.

All Colonels are Honourable, and by the
Law of Arms ought to precede ample Knights-
fo are all Field Officers, Mafter of the Artil-
lery, Quarter-Mailer General,®r.

All Batchelors of Divinity, Law, and Phy-
fick, all Mafters of Arts, Barreftorsin the Inns
of Court, Captains, and other Commi/Jionate
Officers in the Army , or thofe by Patent-pla-
ces in his Majefties Houfliold may equal (and
fome of them precede ) any Gentleman that
hath none of thefe qualifications. But how
imjuftly thefe Priviledges are polleffed by fome
of thefe pretenders, and how contrary this u-
fage is to the Laws of Honour, fee the Chap-
ter of Gentlemen.

I think it here convenient to give you an
Account ot the Cavalcade of his Majefties paf-
fing through the City of London , before his
Coronation, which was on Monday the zzth
of April, 166'..

Firft the Duke of Tork's Horfe Guard.
Mellengers of the Chambers in their Coats,

with the King's Arms before and behind.
Efquires to the Knights of the Bath, in number

140.

Knight Harbinger and Serjeant Porter,

Sewers of the Chamber,

Gentlemen Ufliers , Quarter Waiters, in
Cloaks.

Clerks of the Chancery, 6.

Clerks of the Signet, 4.

Clerks of the Privy Seal, in Gowns.

Clerks of the Council, 4. in Cloaks.

Clerks of the Parliament, 2.

Clerks of the Crown, 2. in Gowns.

Chaplains having Dignities, 10. in Gowns and
fquare Caps.

The King's Advocate,

The King's Remembrancer,

Mafters of the Chancery,

The King's Counfel at Law, 2. in Gowns.

The King's puifne Serjeants, 2.

The King's Attorney,

The King's Solicitor ,

The King's eldeft Serjeants, 2. in Gowns.

Two Secretaries of the French and Latin

Tongue, in Gowns.
Gentlemen Ulhers, Daily Waiters, in Cloaks.
Sewers ~)

Carvers Sin Ordinary, in Cloaks.

Cup-bearers )
Efquires of the Body, 4.

Ma-

Chap I. Honour

--Tents i. -)
\ Revels i. /
Matters offtand- JCeremonies i.Vin Cloaks,
ing Offices, \Armory i. f
/Wardrobe i. V
Ordnance i .
Mafiers of the Requefts, 4.
Chamberlains of the Exchequer, 2. in Gowns.
Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber, in Cloaks.
Knights of rheBath,68. in long Mantles,\vith

Hats and Feathers.
The Knight Marflial, in a- rich Coat.
Treafurerof the Chamber,
Mailer of the Jewel Houfe, in Cloaks.
Barons younger Sons.
Vifcounts younger Sons.
Barons of the Exchequer, 3. in Robes and
Caps.

Juftices of the King's Bench and Common
Pleas, 6. in Robes, Caps, and Collars.

Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer,

Lord Chief Juflice of the Common Pleas , in
Robes, Caps, and Collars.

Mailer of the Rolls, in a Gown.

Lord Chief Juflice of the King's Bench, in his
Robe, Cap, and Collar.

Knights of the Privy Council, in Cloaks.

Earons eldeft Sons.

Earls younger Sons.

Vifcounts eldeft Sons.

Kettle Drums.

The King's Trumpeters, in rich Coats. "

The Serjeant Trumpeter with his Mace.

Ttt o Purfuevants at Arms , in their Coats of

Arms.
Barons ^ 1 . in Cloaks.
Marquiiles younger fons.
Earls eldeft Sons. »
Two Purfuevants at Arms, in their Coats of

Arms.
Vifcounts 7.
Dukes younger Sons.
Marquilfes eldeft Sons.

Two Heralds in their Coats with Collars of
SS.

Earls 52. in Cloaks.

Lord Chamberlain of the King's Houfhold,with

his white Staff.
Dukes eldeft Sons.

Two Heralds in Coats with Collars of SS.

Two Marquiiles in Cloaks.

Two Heralds in Coats with Collars of SS.

The Duke of Buckingham.

Clarencicux, ?King at Arms, in Coats with

Norroy, 5 Collars of SS.

The Lord Treafurer with his white Staff.

The Lord Chancellor with the Purfe.

The Lord High Steward with his white Staff.

Two Perfons, one reprefenting the Duke of

Aquitain, and the other the Duke of Nor-

mandy, in broad Caps and Robes of Ermyn.
The Gentleman Ullier with the black Rod on

the right hand, bareheaded, in a rich

Cloak,

Civil.

Garter King of Arms, bareheaded, in his Coat

and Collar of SS.
The Lord Mayor o{ Loudon carrying the City

Scepter on the left hand, bareheaded.
The Duke of lor/-.

Serjeants at Arms with their Maces , S on a
lide from the Sword forwards, in rich
Cloaks.

The Lord Great Chamberlain on the riaht
hand. fa

The Sword born by the Earl of Suffolk , Mar-
flial fro tempore.

The Earl of Northnmierland, Lord Conftable
of E,:g/andp-o tempore, on the left hand.

Gentlemen Petitioners with Pole-Axes.

The King.

Gentlemen Pcnfioners with tlieir Pole-Axes.

Elquires.

Footmen.

The Matter of the Horfc leading a fpare

Horfe.
The Vice Chamberlain.
Captain of the Penlioners.
Captain of the Guard. .
The Lieutenant of the Penfioners.
the King's Horfe Guard.
The Lord General's Horfe Guard.

As in Man's Body , for the prefervation of
the whole , divers Functions and Offices of
Members are required ; even fo in all well go-
verned Common- wealths, a dillindion of per-
fons is necelfary ; and the policy of this Realm
of England, for the Government and Main-
tainance of the Common-wealth, hath made
a threefold Divifion of perfons ; that is to

fa - v > . .

Firft the King,our Soveraign Monarchfjunder
which Name alio a Sovereign Queen is coni-
prifed, as it is declared by the Statute made in
the iirft of Queen Mary, cap. 1 . Tarliam.i.^)

Secondly the Nobles , which comprehend
the Prince , Dukes , Marquilfes , Earls , Vif-
counts , and Lords Spiritual and Tempo-
ral.

Thirdly the Commons , by which general
word is underftood Baronets, Knights,Elquires,
Gentlemen, Yeomen, Artificers, and Labour-
ers.

It is obfcrved,that our Law calleth none No-
ble under the Degree of a Baron , and not as
men of Forreign Countries do ufe to fpeak ,
with whom every man of Gentle Birth is
counted Noble : For we daily fee , that both
Gentlemen and Knights do ferve inParliament,
as Members of the Commonalty. Neither do
thefe words the Nobles, the high and great
men in the Realm, imply the Perfon and Ma-
jefty of the King : but with the Civilians the
King is reckoned among the Nobility.

The Nobility are known by the general
Name of Peers of the Realm, or Barons of
England ; for Dukes, Marquilfes , Earls, and
Vifcounts did anciently fit together in the

King's

Honour Civil. Part li.

King's great Council of Parliament as Barons,
and in right only of their Baronies: And there-
fore by the general Name of Barons ot the
Realm, and tor the Baronage thereof , we un-
deriland the whole Ecdy ot the Nobility ; the
Parliament Robes of the Dukes differing no-
thing from the Barons , but that they wear
the Guards upon their Shoulders three or tour
folds: For though Dukes, Marquitles, Earls,
and Vifcounts in their Creations are attired
with Ornaments of Silk and Velvet ; yet m
Parliament they ufe the fame that Barons do,
made of Scarlet , with divers differences ot
white f ur fet as Fringes or Edgings on then-
Shoulders ; and although they lit in right ot
their Baronies, yet they take their places ac-
cording to their degrees of Dignity.

And hence it is that thole bloody Civil
Wars concerning the Liberties granted in the
Great Charter, both in the time of King John,
and Henry the Third, his Son, profecuted by all
the Nobility ( fome few excepted ) are called
in our Hillories the Barons Wars. Neither
have the Spiritual Lords any other Title to
that preheminence, but by their ancient Ba-
ronies : For although originally all the pollef-
fions ofBilhops, Abbots, and Priors, were
given and holden in Frank Almoign ; moft of
their Tenures were altered, viz,. Baronia, as
appeareth in Matthew Tans A. iojo.fol.66.
and of that Tenure have continued ever fince,
as you may read by the Conftitutions of Cla-
rendon in the Reign of Henry the Second, and
in Glanvile and Braclon. But the Tenures of
all Abbots and Priors were extinguilhed by
the uniting and coming of them to the Crown
by the Statute of Difiolution of Monafteries :
For though the Nobility of England dififer in
Titles and certain Ceremomes,yet a Baron en-
joyeth the famepriviledges.

And by experience it is found, That Dukes
and all other degrees of Nobility in Cafes Cri-
minal are tryedby Barons,together with Mar-
quitles, Earls, and Vifcounts, as their Peers,
and Peers of the Realm.

Noiilitas generally is of the word [Nofco]
fignifying in common phrafes ol fpeech, Men
ot Generality of Blood and Degree; and there-
fore it is faid, Vir nobilis idem eft quod notws,
\§per omnia or a vv.lgatus : But efpecially it is
applyed and ufed to exprefs the reward of
Vertue in honourable meafure, Ageneris clari-
tate , which being in part of diff ributive Ju-
ftice, remaineth with the higheft Soveraign
annexed to the Imperial Crown of this Realm.

For as Vertue is the gift of none but of God,
fo the reward thereof with Honour cannot be
the gift of any but the Supreme Governour,
being God's Vicegerent on Earth. But when
Honour and Arms be bellowed upon any , if
there fliall ante contention between Competi-
tors for the fame, the ancient policy of this
Realm hath ordained a Special Court; the
Judges w hereof in all times having been

Right Honourable Perfonages , viz.. the Lord
High Conltable and the Earl Mailhal ; and in
latter times the Judge thereof only the Earl
Marlhal. The Jurildidion of the Court con-
filleth in the Execution of that part of dittri-
butive Jutlice, which concerneth the advance-
ment and fupport of Vertue.

Neverthelefs fome men there are, not duly
conhdering of what principle and parts the
Laws of this Realm do connft, have laboured
to prove that the Queftions and Controverties
of iNobility and Anns Ihould not be determined
by the Laws of the Realm , but by the Civil
Law, framing to thcmfelvcs many Arguments
to prove the lame; but being of fmall value , I
pats them over.

The Common Laws , as alfo the Laws of
Charity ufed in the Marihals Court , do prohi-
bit any Subject of this Realm to receive Titles
of Honour and Dignity by gift or donation
from a Forreign Prince, King , or Emperor 5
for it is a thing greatly touching the Majefty
of the King and State of his Kingdom , Eft vis
Majejiatk & inter injigmia jutnma fotefta-
tis.

And if a man fliall bring an Action, and in
the Writ is ftyled by fuch a Forreign Title,the
Defendant may plead in Abatement of his
Writ , That he is no Duke, Marquis, Earl or
Baron ; whereupon if the Plaintiff, as demand-
ed, take lllue, the Ilfue fliall not be tryed by
the Jury, but by the Records of Parliament ,
wherein he faileth.

And if any Engliih man be created Earl of
the Empire, or ot' any other Forreign Nation,
and the King alfo do create him into any Title
of Honour in England, he ihall be named in all
Judicial proceedings only by fuch Name and
Title as he hath received from the King of this
Realm, whofe Subject he is. And if by the
King of England he be not advanced to Title
of Honour, then he fliall bear the name only
of his Baptifm and Surname, unlefs he be a
Knight. For experience teacheth that Kings
joy ned in League together by certain mutu-
al, and as it were natural, power rf Monarchies
according to the Laws of Nations, have dif-
miffed one anothers Subjects and Amball'adors
graced with the Dignity of Knighthood.

A Duke of Spain , or of another Forreign
Nation, cometh into England by the King's
fate Conduct , in which alfo the King doth
ftyie him Duke, according to his Creation ;
neverthelefs in all proceedings in the King's
Courts he fliall not be fo ftiled by his Title of
Dignity.

And although the faid Noble perfon be
alfo by the King's Letters Patents , and by
his Forreign Name and Title of Dignity
made Denizon ( for that is the right Name
fo called , becaufe his Legitimation is given
to him ) : Or if he be naturalized by Au-
thority of Parliament , wherein he feemeth
to be in all things made as a Subject born,

yet

Chap. II.

Honout Civil.

yet fhall he not be ftyled by his Foreign Titles
of Dignity. ,

And fo it is if a Nobleman of France, or
clfewhere, come into Enghnd as Ambaila-
dor , and by lawful Marriage hath a Son ,
and the Father dieth , the Son is by Birth a
Natural Enghlhman , yet he fliaJl not bear
the Title of Honour of his Father ; and the
reafon thereof is , becaufe that Title of No-
bility had its Original by a French King ,
and not by any natural Operation : which
thing is well proved both by Authority of
Law and Experience in thefe days.

HaToftnalus of Scotland or Ireland ( who
in thefe days is a Natural Subject to the
King of England) or if any of his Pofte-
rity be the Heirs of a Nobleman of Scot-
land or Ireland, yet he is none of the No-
bility of England : But if that Alien or
Stranger born a Scot, be fummoned by the
King's Writ to Parliament , and therein is
ftyled by his Foreign or other Title, where-
unto he is inverted within England by the
King's Grant; then, and from thenceforth he
is a Peer of this Realm ; and in all Judicial
and Legal Proceedings he ought to be fo
ftyled, and by no other Name. And it was
the Cafe of Gilbert Humfrevile Earl of
Angus in Scotland : for it appertaineth to
the Royal Prerogative of the King, to call
and admit an Alien born to have place and
voice in his Parliament at his pleafure ; al-
though it is put in practice very rarely, and
that for great and weighty Confiderations
of State. And if after fuch Parliamentary
Summons of fuch a Stranger born queftion
do arife , and the Iliue be , whether he is
of that Title or no ? it may well be tryed
by the Record , which is the only lawful
tryal in that Cafe.

But there is a Diverfity worthy of Obfer-
vation , for the higheft and loweft Degrees
are univerfal ; and therefore a Knight fTng-
glilh or Stranger born ) is a Knight in all
Nations , in what place foever he received
his Title and Dignity, and fo ought of
right, and by Law , to be named in the
King's Courts as aforefaid.

Alfo if the Emperor , the King of Den-
mark , or other Foreign King , come into
this Realm by fafe conduct as he ought ;
for a Monarch or abfolute Prince, though he
be in League , cannot come without the
King's Licence and fafe Conduct; but any
Subject to fuch a Foreign King in League,
may come without Licence.) In this Cafe
he lhall fue and be fued by the Name of
Emperor or King, or elfe the Writ fhall a-
bate.

There is a notable Prefident cited out of
Fleta , where treating of the Jurifdiction of
the King's Court of Marjhallea , it is faid,
And thefe things he might lawfully do by
Office; that is to fay, The Steward of the

King's Houfhold, notwithftanding the Li-
berty of any other, although in another
Kingdom , when the Offender may be found
in the King's Houihold : according to that
which happened at Tar is in the fourteenth
year of Edward the Firft , when Etigelram
of Nogent was taken in the Houfhold of the
King of England ( the King himfelf being
then at Tarts') with filver Dirties lately
ftoln ; at which deed the King of France
did claim Cognizance of the Plea concern-
ing that Theft by Jurifdiction of that
Court of Tarts, The matter being diverf-
ly debated in the Council of the King of
France, at length it was Ordered, That
the King of England fhould ufe and enjoy
that Kingly Prerogative of his Houlhold ,
who being Convicted by Robert Fitz-John
Knight, Steward of the King's Houfhold ,
of the Theft, by confideration of the faid
Court, was hanged on the Gallows in St.
Germans Field.

And here by the way may be noted
from thofe recited Books alledged, That the
perfon of the King in another King's Domi-
nions is not abfolutely priviledged , but that
he may be impleaded tor Debt or Trefpafs,
or condemned for Treafon committed with
in the faid Dominions : For it is the gene-
ral Law of Nations, that in what place an
Offence is committed, according to the
Law of the faid place they may be judged,
without regard to any priviledge. Neither
can a King in any other Kingdom challenge
any fuch Prerogative of Immunity from
Laws : For a King out of his proper King-
dom hath not merum Imferinm , but only
doth retain Honoris titulos & dignitatis ; fo
that where he hath offended in his own
Perfon againft the King in whole Nation
he is, per omnia diiJrmgitur , etiam quoad
perfimam. And the fame Law is of Am-
balladors , tie occa/io daretnr delinquendi.
That Ambafladors are called Legats , becaufe
they are chofen as fit men out of many ;
and their Perfons be facred both at home
and abroad, fo that no man may injuriourty
lay violent hands upon them , without
breach of the Law of Nations , and much
lefs upon the perfon of a King in a ftrange
Land.

BraBon , a Judge of this Realm in the
Reign of King Henry the Third , in his
firft Book, and eighth Cafe, faith, There it
no refpeSt of Terfons with God ; but with
men there is a difference of Terfons ; viz.
the King, and under him c Dukes , Counts, Ba-
rons, Lurds, Vavafors, and Knights. Counts,
fo called, becaufe they take the Flame from
the County , or from the word Sociati, who
alfo may be termed Confules of CounfeUing ;
for Kings do a foci ate fuch men unto them
to govern the Teople of God , ordaining
j into great Honours, Tower, and Name, where
C they

Honour Civil.

Part II.

they do gird them with Swords , that is to
(ay Ringis gladorium. Upon this caufe
were the Stations and Encampmgsoi Arms
called by the Romans Cafira, ot the word
Caftrare , fince they ought to be Caftrata
vel Cafta. In this place ought a good Ge-
neral to forefee that Venus Delights be ( as
it were ~) gelded and cut off from the Ar-
my. So Sir John Ferns Book, entitu led
The Glory of Generofity, Ring, fo called
quafi renes girans 65 circnndans for that
ihey compafs the Reins of fuch, that they

may keep them from Inceft of Luxury ; be-
caufe the Luxurious and Inceftuous perfons
are abominable unto God. The Sword al-
fo doth fignifie the Defence of King and
Country.

And thus much in general of the Nobili-
ty of England. Now followeth a more par-
ticular Difcourfe of each particular Degree ;
and firft of his Majefty , the Fountain
from whence all thefe Rivulets and fwelling
Streams of Honour's Spring.

France, and Ireland, Defender of the faith Lea.

OF THE

KING

O R

MONARCH

O F

Great Britain.

CHAP. II.

MONARCHY is as ancient as
Man, Adam being created So-
vereign Lord of the Univerfe,
whore Office was to govern the
whole World and all Creatures
therein. His Pofterity ( after his Death ~) di-
viding into Tribes and Generations , acknow-
ledged no other Dominion than Paternity and
Eldcrfhip. The Fathers of Nations were in-
ftead of Kings , and the Eldeft Sons in every
Family were reverenced as Princes, from
whence came the word Seignior amongft the
Italians and French, and Seigv.ories for Lord-
ihip and Dominion ; of which Seneca makes
two kinds, viz. Tot eft at ant Imperium^owev
to command fiSTroprietas ant T)omimtim,Vm-
perty or Dominion.

Thefe Empires in the Golden Age were
founded upon natural Reverency and Piety ;
their Power was executed with the foft Wea-
pons of paternal perfwafions, and the greateft
penalties that they inflicted upon the mod Ca-
pital Criminals was the malediction of their
Primogenitors, with an Excommunication out

of the Tribes : But as Men and Vice began to
increafe,Pride and evil Examples overfhadow-
ed Filial Obedience , and Violence entred up-
on the Stage of the World , the mighty Men
trufting in their own ftrength , opprefled the
Feeble , and were at'length forced to truckle
under the tyranny of others more Gygantick
than themfelves, which neceflitated them to
fubmit to Government for felf-prefervation ,
many houfholds conjoyning made a Village,
many Villages a City , and thefe Cities and
Citizens confederating eftablifhed Laws by
confent, which in tradt of time were called
Commonwealths ; feme being governed by
Kings , fome by Magiftrates , and fome fo un-
fortunate as to fall under the yoak of a popu-
lar Rule, Nam Tlebs eflpefjimns Tyrannus.

The firft Chiefs or Kings were men of
Vertue, eleded for their Wifdom and Cou-
rage , being both Reges ZS'Duces, to govern
according to their Laws in Peace , and to lead
j them forth to Battel againft their Enemies in
time of Hoftility. And this Rule proving
1 more fife for the people, honourable amonglt
C 2 men

Honour

Civil.

Part ll.

men, and firm in it felf than the other, moft>
Nations followed it , approving the Sentence
of Tacitus , Trteflat \ub Tnncip m»k e(je
quam millo. Lamentable Experience, the Mi-
ftrefs of Fools in feme, and of Wifdom in o-
thers, in the Ages fequent necefiitated them
a^ain to quit the form of Election , and to en-
tail the Sovereign Power in the Hereditary
Loyns of their Kings , to prevent the fatal
cohfequence of Ambition amongft equal pre-
tenders in popular Elections.

Thus the beginning of an Empire is afcribed
to reafon and neceflity ; but 'twas God himfelf
that illuminated the minds of men , and let
them fee they could not fubfift without a Su-
pream in their human affairs. Neceffitas eftfir-
mum judicium & tmmutabilis provideiitnc
poteftas.

This Ifland of Great Britain , when Bar-
barifm was fo happy as to fubmit to a Regal
Power ( as Cafar in his Commentaries wit-
neffeth) then divided into many Kingdoms;
under which Government of Kings(with fomc
fmall alterations, according to the neceflity of
times and pleafure of Conquerors) it hath;
flourifhed, defending from the Bntiflj, Sax-
on, Ddnijh, Norman , and Scotch Kings , to
our oracious Soveraign Charles the Second ,
into whofe Veins all thofe feveral ftreams of
Royal Blood are con joyned to unite thofe jar-
ring Nations into one Body, under a Head, un-
to which each one may juftly claim an inter-
eft. 1 jLV r

God hath thus reftored our ancient Go-
vernment , and feated our Soveraign in the
Throne of his Anceftors , giving him a power
j'uft and abfolute, as well to preferve as curb
his people, being not only Major fingulis,hx&
Major univerfis ; and his power is fupertotam
Rempnblicam,\vhkl\ I thus prove, Either the
whole power of the Commonwealth is in one,
or not ; if not, then he is no abfolute King or
Monarch ; but if he be ( as all mull yield ) a
Monarch , I ask if there be a power in the
Commonwealth which is not in him ? Is it
fubordinate to his power, or not ? If fubordi-
nate,than his power is above that power,and fo
fuper totam Remfublicam & Major umverfis;
if it be not, then there are ■xfimul & jemel to
Supream Civil Powers in the fame individual
Kingdom and Gubernation , and yet divided
againfl: it felf , which is moft abfurd and im-
poflible. This in Anfwer to a monftrous Pam-
phlet, which the lafctvioufnefs of our late un-
happy Wars produced, which afferted Rex mi-
nor uniuerfis. But the Divine Providence hath
( I hope ) put a period to all fuch Trayterous
Tenents, and concluded fuch Difputes by Acts
of Parliament ; fo that no perfon for the fu-
ture ihall dare to queftion who hath the right
of making Peace or War, the power of
Militia by Land and Sea, all ftrong Holds and
Forts, &c. being the inherent right of the Eng-
lifh Monarchs by their Prerogative Royal.

The King is God's Vicegerent, and ought
to be obeyed accordingly : If good , he is a
bleliing; if bad, a judgment : and then againfl
whom we are to ufe no other weapons but
prayers and tears for his amendment. He is
ftyled 'Pater TatriafS Caput Republics ; and
becaufe the protection of his Subjects belongs
to his care and office; the Militia is annext to
his Crown , that the Sword as well as the
Scepter , may be in his hand. The Parlia-
ment (then all Roman Catholicks) in the be-
half of Henry the Eighth writ to the Pope ,
declaring that his Royal Majefty is the Head,
and the very Soul of us all ; his Caufe is the
Caufe of us all , derived from the Head upon
the Members ; his Griefs and Injuries are ours ,
we all fufFer equally with him. Camden in his
Britannia, jfol. 100. calls the King the molt
excellent part of the Commonwealth, next un-
to God. He is under no Vaiiuage; he takes
his Invefture from no man. Rex von habet
Superiorem,v.ifiDeum : f'atis habet ad pwnam,
quod Demn expeBat ultorem.

In England, France, SpaiufSc. Kings are
ftyled T)ei Gratia, (sc. and as the French,
King is faid to be Rex Francorum Chrtfiianil-
fimus, the moft Chriftian King of Frauce-The
King of Spain the moft Catholick ; The Em-
perour the Defender of the Church: So the
Kings of England, by a Bull from Pope Leo
the Tenth , fent to King Henry the Eighth
(for a ; Book of Controverfie written by him
againft Luther^) have the Title oi 'Defen-
ders of the Faith ; and by Aft of Parliament
he is declared Supream Head of the Church of
England.

It is the manner alfo for Kings to write in
the plural Number( which is God's own flyle)
Mandamus, Volumus, iSc. and in the Scrip-
ture we find them called Gods, in which fenfe
they may be ftyled Divi , or Du, quia Dei
Vicarii , S> Dei voce judicant.

Our Lawyers alfo fay, Rex effperfoua mix-
ta cum Sacerdote, habet Ecclejiafticatn {§
Spiritualem ! ~Juri\diBionem. This fliews the
King's power in Ecclefiafiical Can fes , being a-
noynted with Oyl as the Priefts , and after-
wards the Kings of Ijrael were; which figni-
fies his perfon to be both Sacred and Spiritual.
And therefore at the Coronation hath put up-
on him a Prieft's Garment , called the Dalma-
tica , or Colobium , and other fuch Vefts.
And before the Reformation, the King, as a
Spiritual perfon , received the Sacrament in
both kinds- He is capable of holding Tithes;
all Extra-Parochial Tithes, fome Proxies, and
other Spiritual profits belong to the King.

The Ceremonies at the Coronation of the
King are many , and with us in England more
than in many other Countries; As the A-
noynting with Oyl , which is proved by Mr.
Selden to be of above one thoufandyears ffand-
| ing ; the Crown fet upon his Head with many
j Religious Ceremonies : befides the Eniigns of

Re-

Honour Civil,

Chap. II.

Regalitv , which arc a Ring to fignifie his
Faithfulnes ; a Bracelet for Good Works ; a
Scepter for Juftice ; a Sw ord lor Vengeance ;
Purple Robes to attract Reverence ; and a
Diadem triumphant to blazon his Glory.

It was the faying of Thomas Becket Arch-
bifhop of Canterbury , lauuguntur Rcges in
Capite, etiampetforeiS bracbus, quod figni-
fie at gloriam, [anfhtatem 85 forttUidtnem.
King's are Anoynted on the Head to fignifie
their Glory , on the Breaft to Emblematize
their Sanctity, and on their Arms to declare
their; power.

He is crowned with an Imperial Crown, the
Crown fet on his Head by the Arch-bifliop of
Canterbury ; a prerogative belonging to that
See , as it is in Spain to Toledo, in France to
Rheims, and in SuedeutoZJpjalta.

But this Imperial Crown hath not been
long in ufe amongft us ( though our Kings
have had Imperial Commands , as over Scot-
land , Ireland, Man, and other I lies) being
in a manner like that of an Earls now. Nei-
ther is it found that any fuch thing as a Dia-
dem was at all in ufe , until the time of Con-
fiantine the Great : For before the diftmdtion
was fome kind ofCiiaplet, or rather a white
filk Fillet about the Head , which was an or-
dinary way to diftinguilli them. And we read
that Alexander the Great took off his white
Diadem to cure the madnefs of Seleucus*

The firft King that was crowned with this
Imperial Crown floried and arched, was Henry
the Third , but fome fay Henry the Firit , and
indeed it is left in difpute. However, it is ve-
ry probable and plain, That the ancienteft En-
fign of Regal Authority was the Scepter,
which is every where fpoken of, both in Scrip-
ture and Prophane Hiftory.

There is another Enfign of their Authority,
which is a Globe or Mound with a Crofs.which
hath been in ufe amongft us ever (mctEdward
the ConfelTor's time, which is placed in the left
hand, as is feen in moft of their Coyns : The
Crofs denoting his Faith , the Globe his Em-
pire by Sea and Land ; as 'tis faid of Juftmiau
the Emperor, who was the firft that ever ufed
it.

The Office of the King of Engl ind, accord-
ing to Fortefcne, Ttignare bella populi fui 8>
e os reBiffime judicare , to fight the Battels of
his people, and to fee Right and Juftice done
unto them : or more particularly (as is pro-
mifed at the Coronation ) to preferve the
Rights and Piiviledges of Holy Church, the
Royal Prerogatives belonging to the Crown,
the Laws and Cuftoms of the Realm , to do
Juftice,fhew Mercy,keep Peace and Unity,@r.

The King is enabled to perform this great
and weighty Office by certain extraordinary
powers and priviledges which he holds by the
Law of Nations, by the Common Law of Eng-
land, or by Statutes. The Regalia were an-
ciently called Sacra Sacrorurn (as his Lands

are called in Law Fatrimonium Sacrm/f) new
commonly Royal Trerogatives.

The King being 'Prtucifium, Caput, 85 Fi-
nis Tarliamenti , may of his meer will and
pleafure Convoke, Adjourn, Remove,and Dif~
lolve Parliaments : He may, to any bill that is
palled by both Houfes of Parliament , refufe
to give his Ro\al Allent, without rendring i
Reafon ; and without his Afi'ent a Bill is as a
Body without a Soul : He may at his pleafure
encreafe the number of tile Members of both
Houfes, by creating more Peers of the Realm,
and bellowing priviledges upon any other
Towns to fend Burgefles by Writ to Parlia-
ment: and he may refufe to fend his Writ to
fome others that have fate in former Parlia-
ments. He hath alone the choice and nomi-
nation of all Commanders and Officers for
Land and Sea-fervice ; the choice and electi-
on of all Magiftratcs, Counfellors, and Officers
of State ; of all Bilhops , and other Ecclelia*-
(tick Dignities ; alio the bellowing and con-
ferring of Honours, and the power of deter-
mining Rewards and Punifhments.

By Letters Patent his Majelly may erect
new Counties,Llniverfiries, Bilhopricks, Cities,
Boroughs, Colledges, Hofpitals, Schools, Fairs,
Markets, Courts of Judicature, ForefU,Chafes,
Free Warrens, 35r .

The King by his Prerogative hath power to
enfranchife an Alien, and make him a Denifon,
whereby he is enabled to purchafe Lands and
Houfes , and to bear Offices. He hath the
power to grant Letters of Mart or Reprifal ;
to grant fafe Conduits, 8>c. He hath at all
times had the right of Purveyance or Pre-
emption of all forts of Victuals within the
Verge, viz. Twelve miles round of the Court;
and to take Horfes, Carts, Ships, or Boats, for
the image of his Goods, at reafonable rates.
Alfoby Proclamation to fet reafonable rates
and prices upon Flefli, Fifli, Fowl, Oats, Hay,
8>f. fold within the limits of the Verge of the
Court in the time of his Progi efs.

Debts due to theKing are in the rirft place to
be fatisried in cafe of Executorfhip and Admi-
nilf ratorfhip ; and until the King's Debts be
fatisfied , he may protect the Debtor from the
Arreft of other Creditors. He may diftrein
for the whole Rent upon one Tenant that
holdeth not the whole Land : He may require
the Anceftors Debt of the Heir, though not
efpecially bound: He is not obliged to demand
his Rent according to the Cuftome of Land-
lords : He may diltrein where he pleafeth, and
fue in any of his Courts.

No Proclamation can be made but by the
King. No protection for a Defendant to ob-
flruct the courfe of the Law againft him, if he
be not one of his Ma jetties Menial Servants.

In cafe of lofs by Fire, or otherwife, his Ma-
jefty granteth Patents to receive the Charita-
ble Benevolences of the people.

No Foreft, Chafe, or Park to be made, nor

Caftle

Of the King.

Part II.

Caftle, Fort, or tower to be built without his
Majefties efpecial Licence.

Where the King hath granted a Fair , with
Toll to be paid , yet his Goods lhall be there
exempted from the faid Duties of Toll.

His Servants in Ordinary are priviledged
from ferving in any Offices that require their
Attendance ; as Sheriff , Conftable , Church-
warden, or the like.

All Receivers of Money for the King , or
Accomptants to him for any of his Revenues,
their Perfons, Lands, Goods, Heirs, Execu-
tors , and Adminiftrators , arc at all times
chargeable for the fame : for Nullum tempts
occurrit Regi.

His Debtor hath a kind of Prerogative Re-
medy by a Quo minus in the Exchequer againft
all other Debtors, or againft whom they have
any caufe of perfonal Action ; fuppofmg that
he is thereby difabled to pay the King : and in
this Suit the King's Debtor being Plaintiff,hath
fome priviledges above others.

In doubtful Cafes femper prafumitnr fro
Rege , no Statute reftraineth the King, except
he be efpecially named therein. The quality
of his Perfon alters the defcent of Gavelkind,
the Rules of joynt Tenancy : No Eftoppel can
bind him, nor Judgment final in a Writ of
Right. Judgments entred againft the King's
Title, are entred with Salvo Jure "Domini
Regis. That if at any time the King's Coun-
fel at Law can make out his Title better, that
Jugment ihall not prejudice him, which is not
permitted the Subject.

The King by his Prerogative may demand
reafonable Ayd-money of his Subjects for the
Knighting his Eldeft Son at the Age of Fifteen
years , and to marry his eldeft Daughter at
the Age of Seven years ; which Ayd is 20 s.
for every Knights Fee , and as much for e-
very 20 /. per annum in Soccage. Moreover,
if the King be taken prifoner , Ayd-money is
to be paid by the Subjects for his Redemp-
tion.

The King upon reafonable Caufes him
thereunto moving , may protect any of his
Subjects from Suits of Law, ®r.

In all Cafes where the King is party, his Of-
ficers with an Arreft by force of a Procefs at
Law, may enter and (if any entrance be de-
nied) may break open the Houfe of any man
by force.

A Benefice, or Spiritual Living, is not full
againft the King by Inftitution only , without
Indu&ion , although it be fo againft a Sub-
ject.

None but the King can hold Plea of falfe
Judgments in the Courts of his Tenants.

The King by his Prerogative is Summits
Regni Cups , and hath the Cuftody of the
Perfons and Eftates of fuch, as for want of un-
derftanding cannot govern themfelves, or
ferve the King; that of Ideots to his own ufe,
and that of Lunaticks to the ufe of the next

Heir : So the Cuftody or Wardihips of all fuch
Infants, whole Anceltors held their Lands by
Tenure in Capte, or Knights Service , were
everfince the Conqueft in the King, to the
great honour and benefit of theKing and King-
dom : But abufes, which too often happened,
made the people complain thereof, which was
the caufe of its laying afide.

His Majefty is TJltimus Hares Regni, and
is (as the great Ocean is of final! Rivers) the
Receptacle of all Eftates for want of Heirs , or
by Forfeiture, Revert or Efcheat to the King.
All Spiritual Benefices , for want of presenta-
tion indue time by the Bilhop , areelapfedto
the King. All Treafure Trove ( that is Mo-
neys Gold and Silver plate, or Bullion found,
and the owners unknown) belongs to the
King: So doth all Waifs, Strays, Wrecks,
not granted away by him,or any former Kings.
All wafte Ground or Land recovered from tile
Sea : All Lands of Aliens dying before Natu-
ralization or Denization, and all other things
whereof the property is not known : All Gold
and Silver Mines , in whofe Ground foever
they are found : Royal Filh, as Whales, Stur-
geons, Dolphins, Sr. Royal Fowl, as Swans
not mark't, and fwimming at Liberty on the
River , belong to the King.

In the Church the King's prerogative and
power is extraordinary great : He only hath
the patronage of all Bilhopricks; none can be
chofen but by his Conge dE/Ii re, whom he hath
firft nominated ; none can be confecrated Bi-
lhop, or take poife/lion of the Revenues of
the Bilhoprick , without the King's fpecial
Writ or Alfent. He is Guardian or Nurfing
Father of the Church , which our Kings of
England did fo reckon amongft their princi-
pal Cares ; as in the Three and twentieth year
of King Edward the Firft , it was alledged in
a pleading,and allowed ; The King hath pow-
er to call a National or Provincial Synod ; and
with the advice and confent thereof to make
Canons, Orders, Ordinances and Conftituti-
ons to introduce into the Church what Cere-
monies he fhall think fit; to reform and cor-
rect all Herefies , Schifms , and punilli Con-
tempts, &c,

The King hath power not only to unite ,
confolidate, feparate, inlarge, or contract the
limits of any old Bilhoprick , or other Ecclefi-
aftical Benefice : But alfo by his Letters Patents
may erect new Bilhopricks, as Henry the
Eighth did Six at one time , and the late King
Charles the Martyr intended to do at St. Al-
bans for the Honour of the firft Martyr of Eng-
land , and for the contracting the too large
extent of the Bilhoprick of Lincoln.

In the 28. of Eliz. when the Houfe of
Commons would have palled Bills touching
Bilhops, granting Faculties, conferring Holy
Orders, Ecclefiallical Cenfures, the Oath Ex
Officio, Non-Refidency, fSc. The Queen be-
ing much incenfed , forbade them to meddle

Chap. II.

in any Ecclefiaftical Affairs, fdr that it belonged
to her prerogative.

His Majelty hath alfo power of Coynage of
Money , of pardoning all Criminals,of dilpen-
fing with all Statutes made by him, or his Pre-
deceilors, which are Malum prohibitum , and
not Malum in fe. The diverfity between thefe
terms is fet down in the Statute made Term.
Mich. Anno 1 1 H. 7. 1 1 . Thus where the Sta-
tute doth prohibit a man to coyn Money, if he
do,hefhall behangedjthis xsMahm prohibitum:
ibr before the faid Statute it was lawful, but
not after; and for this Evil the King may di-
fpenfe : But Malum infe neither the King nor
any other can difpenfe with. As if the King
would give leave to rob on the High-ways, Sec.
this is void; yet after the Fadl done, the King
may pardon it. ' So it is in Ecclefiaftical Laws
for conformity to the Liturgy, 8cc. which are
Malum prohibitum ; and the King may by his
Prerogative Royal as well difpenfe with all
thole penal Statutes , as with Merchants to
tranfport Silver, Wooll, and other prohibited
Commodities by Acl of Parliament.

The King cannot deveft himfelf or his Suc-
ceffors of any part of his Royal Power, Pre-
rogative, and Authority inherent and annext
to the Crown; nor bar his Heir of the Succef-
fion, no not by Ad of Parliament ; forfuch an
Acl is void by Law.

Thefe Prerogatives do of right belong to
the Crown of England, which 1 have collect-
ed out of the moftAuthentick Modern Authors.
And to compleat thisChapter I mall proceed to
his Superiority and Precedency.

The King of England acknowledgeth no Su-
perior but God alone ; not the Emperor , Orn-
■nem poteft. item Rex Anglia tn Regno [uo quam
Jmperator vcndicat in Imperio; yet he giveth
Precedency to the Emperor, Ma quod antiqm-
tate Jmperimn omnia regtia juperare credi-
tur.

Touching our King's Supremacy before any
other, thefe Reafons are offered ; FirR, Lucius,
King of this Land, was the firft Chriftian King

2 5

in the World ; as alfo Conjtantine our Country
man the firft Emperor that publickly planted
Chnfhanity. Secondly ,The King of England
is anoynted as no other King is, but France ■
Sicily, and Jerufalem. Thirdly, He is crown-
ed , which honour the Kings of Spain, Portu-
gal, Navarr, and divers other Princes have
not.

The honour of Precedency amongft Chri-
ftian Kings is often difputed by their Ambaiia-
dors and Commiffioners rcprefentative at Ge-
neral Councils, Diets , publick Treaties, and
other Honourable Aflemblies at Coronations
Congratulations in Foreign Countries, &c.'
which by the belt Information I can get is thus
ftated; As to England, next to the Imperial
Miniflers, the French take place, as bejiae the
largeft Realm in Chriftendom , and rftoft No-
ble, fince Charles le majue,theW King,obtained
the Imperial Diadem ; the fecond place in the
Weftern Empire was undifputably the right of'
our Enghlh Kings , fo enjoyed for hundreds of
years, 'till Spain grown rich and proud by the
addition oi the Indies, claimed the priority-
yet could not gain it till their Charles the Fifth
was Elected Emperor ; but after his Reiignati-
on, the Controverfie renewed upon the Treaty
of Peace between Queen Elizabeth and Thi-
lip the Third, King oi Spain, at SoJoignia
trance , Anno 1 600. Our Ambafladors were
$K Henry Nevil, John Harbert, and Thomas
Edmonds, Efquires; and for Spain, Baltha-
zer de Couiga , Ferdiriaudo Carillo , Jo Ri,
cardett, and Lewis V T arreyken. The Englifb
challenged precedency as due to them before
the Emperor Charles his time, as doth appear
by Volai teram in the time of our Henry the' Se-
venth , when the like difference being in que-
ftion, 'twas joyntly referred to the Pope who
adjudged to England the mod Honourable
place : But the Spaniards refilling to ftand to
that old Award, or to admit of an equality
the Treaty of Peace broke up ; neither hatli
any certain Refolution been hitherto taken in
the matter,as ever I heard of.

Of the King.

O F

OF THE

PRINCE

C H A

H E King's Eldeft Son and Heir
apparent, from the Day of his
birth, is entituled Prince, of the
Latin word, quqfi 'Principalis
poft Rcreni.

The firft that we read of in England was
Ed-ward, eldeft Son to King Henry the Third,
fine; which time the eldelt Son of the King
hath been by Patent and other Ceremonies
created Prince of Wales , and Earl of Chefter
and Flint. By Patent alfo Edward the Third,
in the Eleventh year of his Reign, added the
Dukedom of Carnival to the Principality of
Wales; and Anno Regni 36. he makes his eld-
eft Son Edward the Black Prince, Prince of
Aquitain^ lor which he did Fealty and Ho-
mage at Wt jlminjler, Sed tamen Trincipatum
Wall /a, Ducatum Cornubi£,Comitatum Cejfriie
(9 Cant 1 i nonreliquit. Wdlfiftg.fal.171..

Since the Union of England and Scotland,
his Title hath been Magna Brita?inia Trin-
cepxs, but ordinarily Prince of Wales. As eld-
elt Son to the King of Scotland, he is Duke of
Rothfay, and Senefchal of Scotland from his
Birth : And fo long as Normandy remained in
the pollefiion of the Englilh, he had always
the ftyJe of Duke of Normandy.

At his Creation he is prefented before the
King in Princely Robes , who putteth a Coro-
net upon his Head , a Ring on his middle
Finger, a Verge of Gold in his Hand, and his
Letters Patents after they are read.

His Mantle,which he wears in Parliament, is
once more doubled upon the moulders than a
Dukes, his Cap of State indented, and his Co-

P. III.

ronet, formerly of Croffes and Flower de lis,
mixed. But fmce the happy Reftauration I
of his Majefty it was folemnly ordered ,that the
Son and Heir apparent to the Crown of Eng-
land lhall bear his Coronet of Croiles and
Flower de lis with one Arch, and in the
midft a Ball and Crofs, as hath the Royal Dia-
dem. That his Royal Highnefs the Duke of
Tori , and all the immediate Sons and Brothers
of the Kings oi England ufe andbear their
Coronets, compofed of Croiles and Flow er de
lis only : But all their Sons refpedtively, having
the Title of Dukes, iTiall bear and ufe their ;
Coronets compofed of Leaves only , as the
Coronets of Dukes not being of the Royal
Blood.

Note, That by Order, not Creation, our !
prefent King was admitted Prince of Wales, ,
had the Principality with the Earldom of I
Chefler, @r. confirmed to him by Patent , and I
was allowed to hold his Court apart from the :
Kings.

The Prince by the Common Law is reputed I
as the fame Perfon with the King , and lode-
claredby Statute temp. Hen. 8. The Civilians ;
fay, The King's eldeft Son, during his Fathers
life, may be ftyled King by the Law ofNations,
becaufe of his fo near Relation to the Crown ,
that if the Father die he is ipjo memento Rex,
though he be not crowned. A ufual cuftome
in Spain, and once allowed here to Henry, Son
of King Henry the Second ; yet he holdeth his
Seigniories and Principalities of the King, as
Subjedt to him, and giveth the fame refpecl: to
him as other Subjects do.

Chap.III..

He hath certain priviledges above other
perf'ons: To him it was permitted by the Sta-
tute 24 Hen. 8. cap. 13. to wear Silk of the
colour of Purple, and cloth of ©old, of Tilfue
in his Apparel, or upon his Horfe. And by
the Statute 24 Ed. ^.ca. 2. Takings fhall not
be from henceforth made by others than the
Purveyors of the King, of the Queen, and of
the Prince their eldeii Son : And that if any
mans Purveyor make fuch takings, itlhallbe
done of them as of thofe that do without War-
rant, and the Deed adjudged as a thing done
againft the Peace and the Law of the Landjand
fuch as do not in manner aforefaid, ihall be du-
ly pumihed.

To efchew Maintenance, and nourhli Peace
and Amity in all parts of the Realm, many
Statutes have been made in the Reign of King
Henry the Fourth , prohibiting the giving of
Signs or Liveries to any but Menials; never-
thclefs by the Statute 2 Hen. 4. cap. 21. it is
provided that the Prince may give his honou.
rable Liveries or Sign to the Lords , or to his
Menial Gentlemen ; and that the fame Lords
may wear the lame as if they were the King's
Liveries ; and that the Menials of the Prince
may alfo wear the fame as the King's Menials.
But afterwards by occafion of divers other Sta-
tutes made by fundry Kings , ibr the fuppref-
fmg of that enormity of Maintenance , and of
the general word m them , that priviledge of
the Prince was abridged , or rather taken a-
way, therefore the Statute 1 2 Ed. 4. cap. 4.
was made.

By the Statute 21 H. 8. cap. 13. the Prince
may retain as many Chaplains as he pleafeth,
although all other of the Nobility Q except
thofe of the Blood Royal ) are conftrained to
a certain number ; and they, or any of them,
may purchafe Licence and Difpenfation , and
take and retain two Parfonages or Benefices
with Cure of Souls.

By the Order of the Common Law , the
King may Levy a reafonable Ayd of all his Te-
nants, as well of thofe that did hold their
Lands of him by Knights Servicers in Soccage,
pur f aire fitz Chevalier , i§pur File mamer,
and the fum of Money was not in certainty.

Note that the Ayd u not to be recovered be-
fore the Son be of the Age of Fifteen years ,
and the Daughter accomflijli the Age of Se-
ven years : Fitz.Natur.B.2.%.6. But in the
King's pleafure, till by the Statute in the 25;
Ed. 1. cap. 11. it was Enacted, That for the
Knighting his eldeft Son , and marrying his
eldeft Daughter as aforefaid, the Ayd follow-
ing mall be demanded and levied, viz. of eve-
ry Knight fo holden of the King Q without
mean ) 20 s. and no more ; and of every 20 h
of Land holden of the King (without mean) in
Soccage, 20 s. and no more. And fo after this
rate for the Lands in Soccage ; and for Land in
Tenure of Chivalry, according to the quantity
of the Fee.

By another Statute made in the faid z$th of
Edward the Third, cap. 2. amongft other
things it is declared, That to compafs or ima-
gine the death of the King's eldeft Son and
j Heir, is Crimen igjie Maje/tatu ; or if a man
do violate the Wife of the King's eldeft Son
and Heir, it is HighTreafon. And fo the Sta-
tute 26 Hen. 8. cap. 13. doth declate. And fo
was the ancient Common Law of this Realm,
and not a new Law made by the Statute,' Cole
8. fart z%.b. but this Statute is a Manifeftati-
on and Application of the ancient Common
Law in this Cafe.

Becaufe the people were in ambiguity, Whe-
ther Children born in parts beyond the~Sea,and
out of the King's Dominions, lliould be able to
demand any Inheritance within his faid Domi-
nions, or not ; It was declared at a Parliament
holden at Wcftminflcr in the Seventeenth of
Kin g James, for the removing of thofe doubts,
That les Fnfants du Roy, the Children of the
Kings of England, in whatfoever parts they
are born in, are able, and ought to bear the
Inheritance after the death of their Anceflors.

Read the Statute in Coke's Seventh Tart,
1 8. a. where you mail fee,rhat though generally
the Birth-place is obferved, yet many times
Legiance and Obedience without any place
in the King's. Dominions, may make a Subject
born : For we fee by Experience almoft in e-
very Parliament, that AmbafTadors,Merchants,
and the King's Souldiers do fue therein, in fuch
Cafes, to have their Children Naturalized, or
made Denifons. And in the Articles confirmed
by Parliament touching the Marriage between
Thilip King of Spain and Queen Mary, Anno
prima Parliament i 2. cap. z. a fpecial Provifo
was to bar him from being Tenant by the
Courtefie of the Crown, in cafe he ihould have
Ilfuebyher, and furvive; which was fuper-
Iluous, becaufe the Common Law Would have
denied it.For this laft point fee the Lord Chan-
cellor's Speech in the Cafe l Poftnati,f^6.

But note, If an Alien Enemy come into this
Realm , and his Wife, Englilh or Stanger , be
here delivered of a Child, this Child notwith-
ftanding his Birth-place, is an Alien born , for
want of Allegiance in the Parents, ibid.

King Henry the Third did create Edward
his eldeft Son the firft Prine of Wales, and did
give unto him the Dominion and Dignity
thereof, to be holden of him and his Heirs,
Kings of England: And after that time the
eldeft Sons of the Kings of England have been
Princes of Wales ; and as incident to the State
and Dignity of a Prince, did and might make
Laws and Statutes , and ufe Jurifdichon and
Authority, as amply as any King of that Na-
tion could do ; for Wales was a Kingdom in
ancient time : but by a Statute made the
Twelfth of Edward the Firft , Wales was inv
corporated and united to England, and became
part thereof.

I Alfo by another Statute made %-]Hen.%.c.z<\.

D a

Of the Prince,

Of the Prince.

Part II.

a general refumption of many Liberties and
Franchifes heretofore granted, or taken from
the Crown; as the Authority to pardon Trea-
fons, Murder, Mandaughter, and Felony ; al-
io power to make Juftices in Oyer, Juftices ot
Aflize Juftices of the Peace, Goal deliveries,
and fuch like ; fo that from thencelorth the
Kind's eldeft Son hath only the Name and Style
of Prince of Wales , but no other Junfdidion
than at the King's pleafure is permitted and
granted him by his Letters Patents ; as by the
tenor thereof here following made by King
Henry the Eighth to Edward his Son and Heir
apparent, may appear.

HENRY by the G race of God , King of
England and of France, Lord of Ireland, t$c.
To all Archbifliops, Bifiops, Abbots, Triors,
'Dukes, Earls, Barons, Juftices , Vifcounts,
Governors, Mimfters,andto all our Bayliffs
and faithful Subjects, Greeting. Out of the
Excellency of RoyalTrehemmenceJike leaves
from the Sun, fo do inferior humours proceed;
neither doth the integrity of Royal Luftre and
BrightnefS , by the natural difpofition of the
Light affording Light, feel any lofs or detri-
ment by fuch borrowed Lights ; yea,the Royal
Scepter is alfo much the more extolled, and the
Royal Throne exalted, by how much the more
Noblenefs , Treheminencies and Honours are
under the power and command thereof. And
thu worthy Confederation aUureth and indu-
ceth us, with defire to increafe the Name and
Honour of our Fir ft begotten and beft Beloved
Son Edward, in whom we behold and fee our
felf to be honoured , and our Royal Houfe alfo,
and our people fubjeB to us ; hoping by the
grace of God, by conjecture taken of his gra-
cious future proceedings to be the more honou-
rably flrengthened , that we may with honour
prevent , and with abundant grace profecute
him, who in reputation of its is deemed the
fame with us. Wherefore by the counfel and
con feat of the Prelates , Dukes, Earls, Vif-
counts, and Barons of our Kingdom, being in
our prefent parliament , We have made and
created, and by thefe Trefents do make and
create him the faid Edward, TrinceofWa.\es,
and Earl of Chefter: And unto the fame Ed-
ward do give and grant , and by this Char-
ter have confirmed the Name, Style, Title,
State, Dignity, and Honour of the faidTrin-
cipality and Comity , that he may therein in
Governing Rule, and in Ruling direct and
defend ; we fay by a Garland upon his Head,
by a Ring of Gold upon his Finger , and a
Verge of Gold, have according to the manner
invefted him, to have and to hold, to him and
his Heirs, the Kings of England for ever.
Wherefore we will and command for tu and
cur Heirs, that Edward our Son aforefaid Jhall
have the Name, Sty le, Title, Stale, Dignity,
and Honour of the 'Principality of Wa\es,and
of the County of Chefter aforefaid, unto him

and his Heirs, the Kings of England for e-
ver : Thefe being Witneffes, the Reverend Fa-
ther John, Cardinal and Archbijbcp of Can-
terbury, 'Primate of England, cur Umncellor,
and William Archbi/hop of York, Trimate of
England, Thomas Bi/hop o/ London, John Bi-
Jhop of Lincoln, William Bijlcp of Norwich ,
our moft well beloved Cofins Richard Earl of
Warwick, Richard Earl of Salisbury , John
Earl of Wiltffiire, and our well beloved and
faithful Ralph Cromwel Chamberlain of our
Houfe, William Falconbridge and John Stour-
ton, Knights. Dated at our Palace at Weft-
minftcr the 1 ^th day of March, ijW in they ear
of our Reign 32.

And here by the way may be obferved ,
That in ancient time, and in the time of the
Enghih-Saxon Kings, the ufe was as well in
pennings of the Acts of Parliament, as of the
King's Letters Patents, when any Lands, Fran-
chiies, or Hereditaments did pafs from the
King of any Eftate of Inheritance ; as alio in
the Creations of any man unto Honour and
Dignity, the Conclufion was with the fign of
the Crofs in form aforefaid , his teftibus, l§c.
But long fince that form hath been difcontinu-
ed ; fo that at this day, and many years paft,
the King's Patents for Lands, Franchifes, and
Hereditaments do conclude with Tefte me ipfn.
Neverthelefs in all Creations of Honour and
Dignity of Letters Patents , the ancient form
of concluding His teftibus is ufed at this
day.

And it hath been rcfolved by the Judges of
all Acts of Parliament and Statutes which do
concern the Prince, who is the Firftbegotten
Son of the King , and Heir apparent to the
Crown for the time being , perpetuis futuris
temporibus, be fuch Acts whereof the Judges
andall the Realm muft take Cognizance, as of
General Statutes : For every Subject hath in-
tereft in the King, and none of his Subjects
fj who are within his Laws) be divided from
him, being he is Head and Sovereign ; fo that
the bufineis and things of the King do concern
all the Realm, and namely when it doth con-
cern the Prince, the Firftbegotten Son of the
King, and Heir apparent to the Crown.

Although the Prince by exprefs words hath
no priviledge by the Great Charter of the Fo-
reft-, 9 Hen. 3. cap. 11. for hunting in the
King's Forefts or Parks, palling by them , and
fent for by the King's Command ; yet the
Prince is to take the benefit and advantage
thereby , as well as the Earls, Biifiops, or Ba-
rons, who are expreffed. Cromptoiis Courts
des Juftices de Foreft, 167.

In the Parliament 51 Hen.%. cap. 10. an Act
concerning the placing of King's Children and
Lords in the Parliament, and other Affemblies,
was amongft other things made, as followeth;
That noperfon or perjons, of what degree, e-
ftate, or condition foever his or they be of (ex-
cept

Chap. III.

cept only the King's Children} Jhall at any
time hereafter attempt to Jit, or have place on
any fide of the Cloth of EUateiuthe Parlia-
ment Chamber, whether lots MajeHy be there
perfonaUy prefent, or abfent. The Trincejhak
not find "fledges for the profecution of any A-
Bion, and therefore Jhall not be amerced no
more than the King or Qneeufljould be.

The Prince is a diflindt perfon from the
King ; he is a Subject, and holdeth his Princi-
palities and Seigniories of the King, and fubjeel
to the Law of the Land as a Subject.

And in token of the Prince's fubjedion, he
doth not upon his Pofie in his Arms difdain
the old Saxon words [Ich Dieu] I ferve.

And there is a Cal'e , that Glafcome Chief
Juftice of England, in the time of Henry the
Fourth, did commit the Prince, who would
have taken a Prifofler from their Bar in the
King's Bench: And the Prince did humbly
fubmit himfelf , and go at his Command. And
this did much rejoyce the King , to fee that
he had a Judge fo bold to adminifler Juftice
upon his Son; and that he had a Son fo graci-
ous as to obey his Laws.

The Exercifes befitting Princes, whilft they
are young, are Chivalry , and Feats of Arms,
and to adjoyn therewith the knowledge of the
Law and God: For it is the Duty and Office
of a King to fight the Battels of his people, and
rightly to judge them, i Kings 8. And the
Prophet T)avid faith, Beye learned, you that
judge the Earth. Whereto if they alfo would
endeavour to have knowledge in the Princi-
ples and Grounds of the Laws of their own
Country, which they in due time inherit, they
lhall be much the more enabled to govern their
Subjects ; and it is a point of Wifdom in fuch
to acknowledge, that Rex datur propter Re^-
num, IS non Regmm propter Regem : And to
move the Princes to thefe things , there is an
excellent Book , Dialogue-wife , between a
Prince (a King's Son of this Realm ) and Sir
John Fortefcue a Judge, entituled T)e laudi-
iits Legum Anglite.

Many that have been Heirs apparent to the
Crown of England, ever fince the Norman
Conqueft, have been taken away either by
their natural deaths , or by violence, during
the life of their Anceftors , fo that they have
not attained to the Crown.

William , the only Son of Henry the Firft,
was drowned in his palfage from Normandy,
his Father reigning.

Eujiace, King Stephens only Son, died mad,
to the great grief of the King his Father.

William, the eldeft Son ol King Henry the
Second, died in the Fourth year of his Age,
and in the Third year of his Fathers Reign.

King Henry the Second's Son, called Curt-
Mantel, was in his Father's life time crowned
King, by t I ,c Name of King Henry the voung-
cr , but died in the life time of his Fa-
ther.

2 7

Geffrey, the fourth Son of the faldlung
died during the Reign of Richard. Cteur de
Leon, his third Brother, which King Richard
had no Son, and fo Geffrey was Heir -apparent
to the Crown.

King Edward the Firft had Iflue John,Hen-
ry, and Alphons, but all three died in their
Childhood in their Father's life.

Edward the Black Trmce (_ of famous me-
mory) eldeft Son to King Edward the Third,
died before his Father.

Richard the Third had IiTue only one Son,
named Edward, who died without Iilue.

. Arthur, the eldeft Son and Heir apparent to
King Henry the Seventh, died in the life time
of his Father.

Henry Prince of Wales , eldeft Son to King
James , alfo left the World before his Fa-
ther.

Thefe Examples may ferve as a Mirror for
all fucceeding Princes and others, to fee how
tranlitory the Glory of this World is ; -where-
of the faying of the Princely Prophet "David
may never be out of remembrance, Tfal.%z.
I have faidye are Gods, and ye are all the
Children of the mofi High; but ye Jbalf die
like men, and ye Trinces like others.

Alfo divers other Heirs apparent, and thofe
that have been in poffeffion of their Crowns ,
have been defeated by Ufurpers : And namely
Robert Duke of Normandy, eldeft Son to Wil-
liam the Conqueror, was defeated of his Birth-
right by his two younger Brethren , William
Rufns and Henry, fucceffively one after ano-
ther ; and after Six and twenty years Impri-
fonment, having both his Eyes put out, died in,
the Reign of his Brother Henry.

Maud, the fole Daughter of the faid King
Henry, was defeated of her Birth-right to the
Crown by Stephen, the Son of her Fathers Si-
ller.

Arthur, the only Son and Heir of Geffrey,
the fourth Son to Henry the Second, was next
Heir to the Crown after the death of his Un-
cle Richard, the firft King of that Name, who
died without Iilue f his Father being dead be-
fore) but his Uncle John, Son to the faid
Henry the Second , defeated him not only of
his right to the Kingdom, but alfo of his Life,
and that by ftarving him.

King Edward the Second was depofed by
his eldeft Son, who in the life time of his Fa-
ther took upon him to be the King of Eng-
land.

Richard, the only Son to Edward 'the black ,
Tirince, and next Heir to the Crown after the
death of his Grandfather King Edward the
Third, was defeated both of his Crown and
Life by Henry of Lancatter, Son to John of
Gaunt, who was but the fourth Son of King
Edty ird the Third ; yea, although Lionel, the
third Son of the faid King Edward, had Iifue
Thihp his only Daughter, who by confe-
quence was next to the Crown before the Iifue
Da of

Of the Prince.

of John of Gaunt; which Thilif 'was married t
to Edward MorUmer Earl of March , from
whom the Houfe of Tart, by the name of Ed-
3 the Fourth , are lineally defended : For
mfilmoi Hatfield, feondSon to King
W the Third, died young without Iilue.

Rina /fc™ the Sixth, having but one Son,
named Ed, J-d, he was flam in the life time
of his Father, and the King himfelf depofed
by Edward the Fourth, and murthercd m
lw: So the Ad of Parliament made
between them for an indented Peace, exem-
plified in our Books ot Law.
P Edward and Richard, the two only Sons
to Edward the Fourth, after the defcent of
the Crown, and before the Coronation of
Prince Edward, were both of them murther-
ed ki the Tower by their Unclear W Duke
of Glocefler, who thereupon took upon him
the Crown, although there were remaining
dive divers Daughters of the late King Ed-
it, ird the Fourth. During thefe troublefome
and tragical times, each of the Kings prevail-
ing attainted the other their Adverfary of
HighTreafonby Ad of Parliament intend-
ing utterly to difable them, and make them
to be incapable by the Law ot the Crown. And
it is a matter worthy of Obfervation , how
the Hand of God did not forget to purfue Re-
venue in thefe Cafes ; for William RnUis died
without Iffue; Henry his Brother had a Son
and one Daughter, but his Son died an Infant
and his only Daughter Maud was de eated of
her Birthright by Stephen. Kwgjohn who
defeated Arthur his Nephew of his Birthright
and Life, lived in continual Wars, never en-
joyed Peace, but was driven to fubmit him-
felf, and fubjed his Kingdom to the Pope. In
his time Normandy, which King William the
Firft brought with him, and which m five
Defcents continued in adual Obedience of the
Kings of England , was in the fixth year of
his Reign loft, until King Henry the Fifth re-
covered it again, and left it to King Henry
the Sixth, who again loft it in the Eight and
twentieth year of his Reign, as doth appear
both in our Chronicles, and in our Books of

^Concerning the violence done to KingfffK-
ry the Second, albeit Edward his Son enjoyed
along andprofperous Reign;yethis Succeilor,
King Richard, was in the like violent manner
imprifoned, deprived, and put to death. .

King Henry the Fourth, by whom King Ri-
chard was depofed , did exercife the chiefeft
Ads of his Reign in executing thofe who con-
fpired with him againft King Richard : His
Son had his Vertue well feconded by Felicity,
during whofe Reign , by the means of Wars
in France , the humour againft him was other-
wife imployed : But his next Succefior, King
Henry the Sixth, was in the very like manner
deprived , and together with his young Son
Edward, imprifoned and put to death by King

Part li.

Edward the Fourth. This Eward died not
without fufpicion of poyfon ; and after his
death, his two Sons were likewife dilinheri-
ted, imprifoned, and murthered by their cru-
el Uncle, the Duke of Glocefter, who being
both a Tyrant and Ufurper, was juflly encoun-
tred by King He nry the Seventh in the Field:
So infallible is the Law of Juftice in revenging
Cruelties and Injuries , not always oblervmg
the prefent time wherein they are done ; but
often calling them into reckoning,when theOf-
fenders retain leaft memory of them.

But as the faying is, Ex main paribus bo-
nis leges oriuutur ; fo their Tragical and Mi-
serable Combuftions have occafioned, that the
Law hath eftabliilied more certain Refoluti-
ons in all thefe cafes and pretences againft the
right Heir to the Crown than before. For firft,
though a common Opinion was conceived,that
a Conqueror might freely difpofe of the Suc-
cemon of that Eftate , which he had obtained
by the purchafe of his Sword (which was the
Title pretended for William Rufus) yet now
in our Books this difference is taken for Law ,
viz. between the Conqueft of a Kingdom from
a Chriftian King, and the Conqueft of a King-
dom from an Infidel : For if a King come to a
Chriftian Kingdom by Conqueft.feemg he hath
Vitaii> necis fotejlatem , he may at his plea-
fure alter and change the Laws of that King-
dom ; but until he doth make an alteration
thereof, the ancient Laws do Hand; and
therefore the cafe of Rufus, the ancient Law
of this Realm being , That the eldeft Son
mould inherit, and that a King in poiTeflion
cannot devife the fame by his laft Will , or by
other Ad ; therefore the faid William Rufus
was no other than a Ufurper. But if a Chri-
ftian King mould Conquer a Kingdom from an
Infidel, and being then under his fubjedion ,
there ipfofaffo the Laws of the Infidels are
abrogated ; for that they be not only againft
Chriitianity, but againft the Law of God and
Nature , mentioned in the Decalogue : and in
that cafe, until certain Laws be eftabliilied a-
mongft them , the King by himfelf, and fuch
Judges as he lhall appoint , fhall judge them
and their caufes according to natural Equity ,
in fuch fort as Kings in ancient times did with-
in their Kingdoms, before any certain muni-
cipal Laws were given. And if a King have
a Kingdom by Title of Defcent there , feeing
by the Laws of that Kingdom he doth inhe-
rit the Kingdom, he cannot change thofe Laws
of himfelf, without confent of Parliament.
Alfo if a King have a Chriftian Kingdom by
Conqueft, as King Henry the Second had Ire-
land , after that King "John had given unto
them (being under his Obedience and Subje-
ction) the Laws of England for the Govern-
ment of that Country , no fucceeding King
could alter the fame without Parliament.

In Succeffion of Kings a queftion hath been,
Whether the King, who hath had Sons both

before

Chap. III.

Of the Prince.

2 9

before and after he came to the Crown ,
which of them ihould fucceed , he that was
born before, as having the prerogative of his
Birthright ; or he that was born after ? And
for each Reafons and Examples have not
been wanting. For Xerxes, the Son of Da-
rius , King of Terfia, being the eldeft Son
after the enthroning his Father , carried a-
way the Empire from his Brother Arthc-
vior.es or Artobazancs , who was born be-
fore his Father came to the Royal PoiTef-
fion thereof. So Arce[es,thc Son of another
Darms , born in the time of his Fathers
Empire, carried away the Garland from his
Brother Cyras , born' before his Father came
to the Empire. So Lea-is, Duke of Millain,
born alter his Father was Duke, was prefer-
red to the Dukedom before his Brother Ga-
liafius, born before the Dukedom. But not-
wlthftanding thefe Examples, and the Opi-
nion of fundrv Doctors to the contrary, com-
mon ufe of Succellion in thefe latter days
hath been to the contrary, and that not
without good reafon ; for that it is not meet
that any that hath right to any Succeffion
by the prerogative of their Birthright (fuch
as all elder Brothers have ) mould be put
by the fame. And this was the pretence of
Henry the Firft againft Robert his eldeft
Brother.

Alfo fundry Contentions have rifen in
Kingdoms between the Iifue of the eldeft
Son of the King dying before his Father ,
and the fecond Brother furviving, who mould
Reign after the death of the Father ; the
Nephew challenging the fame unto him by
the Title of his "Fathers Birthright , and by
way of Reprefentation , Cot. fart 3. caf. 4.
the other claiming as eldeft Son to his Fa-
ther at the time of his death : Upon which
Title , in old time, there grew a Controver-
fie betw een Arms the Son of Arrotatus ,
eldeft Son of ■Cleomenes King of Lacedemo-
tiia , and Cleon:e::es fecond Son of Cleomenes,
Uncle to the laid Arcus : But upon debate
of the matter , the Senate gave their Sen-
tence for Arcus againft Cleomenes. Befides,
Enominus King ot Lacedemon having two
Sons, Tolydecies and Licurgius, Tqyldeftes
d\ing without Children, Licurgius fucceed-
ed in the Kingdom ; but after he had under-
ftood that Toly defies Widow had a Child, he
yielded the Crown to him; wherein he dealt
far more religiouily, than either did King
7ohn, or King Richard the Third : For King
'John, upon the like pretence, not only put
by Arthur Tlan'aginet , his eldeft Brother's
Son, from the Succeliion of the Kingdom ;
but alfo mod unnaturally took away his
life And King Richard' the Third, to come
to the Crown , did moft barbaroully, not on-
ly flay his two innocent Nephews, but alfo
defamed his Mother in publilhing to theWorld,
that the late King his Brother was a Baftard.

Our Stories do obfeurely note, that Con-
troverfie of like matter had like to have
grown between King Richard the Second,
and John of Gaunt his Uncle ; and that he
had procured the Counfel of fundry great
Learned Men to this purpofe : but that he
found the hearts of divers Noblemen of this
Kingdom, and efpecially the Citizens of Lon-
don to be againft him ; whereupon he de-
fifted from his intended purpofe , and ac-
knowledged his Nephews Right. And the
reafon of the Common Law of England is
notable in this point, and may be collected
out of the ancient Authors of the fame ;
Glanvile lib. 7. cap. 1. BraBon lih.j. c. 50.
and by Brittan, fol. 1 1 9. For they fay,Who-
foever is Heir to another, aut eft hares jure
proprietatis , as the eldeft Son (hall inherit
only before his Brothers ; nut jure rcprej'en-
tationis : as where the eideft Son dieth in the
life of his Father, his Ill'ue fliall inherit be-
fore the youngeft Son ; for though the young-
eft fit magis propiuquus , yet jure reprefen-
tationis the Illue of the eldeft Son ihall in-
herit, for that he doth reprefent the per-
fon of his Father ; And as Bracfou faith ,
jus proprietatis, which his Father had by his
Birthright, doth defcend unto him: aut jure
propinqmtatis , lit propinqui jus excludit
remotum , S remotus remotiorem : aut jure
fanguiuis. And yet Glanvile , Lord Chief
Jultice under King Henry the Second, feem-
eth to make this queftionable -here in Eng-
land , Who Ihould be preferred , the Uncle
or the Nephew. Alfo it hath been refolved
for Law , That the pofleilion of the Crown
purgeth all defects, Hen. 1. fat. 5. and fo
doth ZJlpian the Civilian determine. And
this is one of the three Reafons alledged ,
wherefore by the policy of our Law the King
is a Body Politick , thereby to avoid the at-
tainder of him that had right to the Crown,
Coke's [event b part , 12. a. left in the inte-
rim there ihould be an interregnum , which
the Law will not fuffer , becaufe of the ma-
nifold Incumbrances thereof: For it hath
been clearly refolved by all the Judges of
the Land , That prefently , by the defcent
of the Crown , the next Heir is compleatly
and abfolutely King , without any elfential
Ceremony or Act to be done , ex poftfaflo;
And that Coronation is but a Royal Orna-
ment and outward Solemnization of the De-
fcent. And this appeareth evidently by a-
bundance of Prefidents and Book-Cafes. Let
us take one or two Examples in a Cafe fo
clear for all : King Henry the Sixth was not
crowned till the Eighth year of his Reign,
and yet divers men before his Coronation
were attainted of Treafon, Felony, and the
like Crimes ; and he was as abfolute and
compleat a King for matters of Judicature,
Grants, Sec. before his Coronation, as he was
after.

Queen

3°

Part II.

Queen Mdry reigned three moneths before
fhe was crowned , in which fpace the Duke
of Northumberland and others were con-
demned and executed for Treafon which they
had committed before fhe was Qpeen.

And upon this reafon there is a Maxim
in the Common Law , Rex nunquam mori-
tnr , in refpecr of his ever living and never
dying politique capacity. In France alfo the
fame Cuftome hath been obferved ; and for
more affurance it was exprefly enacted un-
der Charles the Fifth , That after the death
of any King , his eldeft Son mould immedi-
ately fucceed ; for which caufe the Parlia-
ment Court of Paris doth accompany the
Funeral Obfequies of thofe that have been
their Kings , not in mourning attire , but in
Scarlet, the true Enfign of the never dying
Majefty of the Crown : Neverthelefs certain
Cities in France , not long fince , alledged
for themfelves , that becaufe they had not
reputed Henry the Fourth for their King,
and profeffed Allegiance unto him, they were
not to be adjudged Rebels; Whereupon the
chief Lawyers of our Age did refolve, That
forafmuch as they were original Subjects,
even Subjects by Birth , they were Rebels in
bearing Arms againft their King , although
they had never profeiled Allegiance unto
him.

To conclude this Chapter , I fhall give you
a View of the Ceremonies of the Creation of
Henry-Prince of Wales, which began on the
Thirtieth of May, 1610. as followeth; The
Prince accompanied with divers young No-
blemen, together with his own Servants ,
rode from his Court at St. James's to Rich-
mond, where he repofed that night; on the
next day the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, with
the feveral Companies in their Barges at-
tended his Highnefs about Bam Elmes ,
where he was entertained with a Banquet ,
and in other places with Speeches by a Nej>-
tttne upon a Dolphin, and a Sea Goddep! up-
on a Whale , &c. His Highnefs landing at
Whitehall, was received by the Officers of I
his Majefties Houfhold , according to ' order ,
viz. by the Knight Marfhal and the Serje-
ant Porter ; In the Hall by the Treafurer
and Comptroller of the Houfhold ; in the
great Chamber by the Captain of the Guard,
and in the prefence Chamber by the Lord
Chamberlain ; from whence he went into
the Privy Chamber, where the King and
Queen met him; the Saturday after was
taken up with the ufual Ceremonies of ma-
king Knights of the Bath to attend his High-
nefs at his Creation , which were Five and
twenty in number.

Upon Monday following thefe Knights of
the Bath met in the Queens Clofet , where
they put on long Purple Satten Robes ,
lined with white Taffata , and a Hood like
a Batchelor of Law about their Necks ; and in J

a Barge prepared for them went before the
Prince to Weftminfler "Palace , where his
Highnefs landed, and proceeded to his Crea-
tion thus :

Firft the Heralds.
Next the Knights of the Bath.
Then the Lords that were imployed in feveral
Services.

Garter King at Arms, bearing the Letters Pa-
tents.

The Earl of Sujfex the Robes of Purple Vel-
vet.

The Earl of Huntington the Train.
The Earl of Cumberland the Sword.
The Earl of Rutland the Ring.
The Earl of Derby the Rod.
The Earl of Shrewsbury the Cap and Coro-
net.

The Earl of Nottingham and Privy Seal fup-
ported his -Highnefs, being in his Surcoat
only, and bareheaded , to the Parliament
Chamber.

The King was already fet with all the Lords
Spiritual andTemporal in their Robes of State,
all the Knights and Burgeiles of the lower
Houfe prefent ; as alfo the Foreign Ambaffa-
dors , the great Ladies of the Realm, and the
Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London feated
upon Scaffolds. The Proceffion entring in
manner aforefaid, made three feveral low Re-
verencies to his Majefty ; and when they came
to the Throne, Garter King at Arms kill the
Letters Patents, and gave them to the Lord
Chamberlain,who prefented them to the King,
who delivered them to the Earl of Salisbury,
Principal Secretary of State, who read them ,
the Prince kneeling all the while before the
King ; and at the words accuftomed, the King
put on the Robe, the Sword, the Cap and Co-
ronet, the Rod, and the Ring. The Patent
being read, the King kift him on the Cheek,
and the Earl Marfhal, with the Lord Chamber-
lain, placed him in his Parliament Seat , viz.
on the left hand of the King; which Ceremony
being ended,they returned to the Palace Bridge
in manner as followeth.

Firft the Matters of the Chancery,tht King's
Council and others; then the Officers of Arms,
the Knights of the Bath; next twenty Trum-
pets beibre them ; then the Judges ; and after
them all the Members of Parliament in
order , the Barons, Vifcounts, Earls, and Mar-
quiffes having Coronets on their Heads ; then
Norroy and Llarenceaux King at Arms going
next before the Lord Treafurer and the Lord
Chancellor ; then Garter next before the
Sword ; and then the Prince and King. They
took Barge at the Palace Stairs , and landed at
Whitehall Bridge,where the Officers at Arms,
the Members ot Parliament , and the Lords
being firft landed,attended the King and Prince,
and went before into the Hall , and fo into his

Maje-

Chap.III.

Of the Prince.

Majeftie's Prefencc Cliamber , whence the
Prince defcenckd again into the Hall to Din-
ner , himfelf feated at the upper end of a Ta-
ble, accompanied with the Lords that attend-
ed him at his Creation, who fate on both fides
of the Table with him. At another Table on
the left hand fate the Knights of the Bath in
their Robes along one fide, attended by the
King's Servants. At the fecond Courfe,
Garter with the Heralds came to the Prince's
Table, and after due reverence, proclaimed
the King's Style with three Largetfes , viz.
King of England, Scotland, prance, and
Ireland, Defender of theFaith,®f. And then
proclaimed the Prince's Titles, viz. Prince of
Wales, Duke of Cornwall and Rothlay, Earl
of Roth fay , Earl of Chefter, and Knight of the
Garter, with two Largefles : Then with Feaft-

ing,Mafques,and all fort of Courtly Gallantry,
that joyful Creation of the Prince ended.

Although at prefent we have no Prince
of Wales , yet I Ihall give you the Badge or
Armorial Enfign of Honour appropriate unto
them, which is as it is here depin&ed*

The word Ich T>ieu
fignifieth Iferv e. The
Coronet is born , by
reafon that the valiant
black Trince at the
Battel of Creffy won
the Crown from John
King of Bohemia ,
whom he there flew ,
and took the Crown
from his Head.

O F

3 2

Part If.

CHAP. IV.

TH E Title and Degree of a Duke
hath been of ancienter Handing
in the Empire, and other Coun-
tries , than amongft us ; for the
firftEngliih Duke was Edward
the black Prince , created Duke of Cornwfll
by his Father King Edward the Third ; by
which Creation , according to the Tenure of
his Patent, the Firftborn Sons of the Kings of
England are Dukes of Cornwall: Nor is there
any Creation required for the faid Honour, al-
though there is for Prince of Wales. A Duke
is faid to be lb called * Ducendo, from lead-
ing ; being at the firft always a Leader of an
Army Imperial or Regal , and was fo chofen
in the Field , either by calling of Lots, or by
common Voice ; and the Saxons called this
Leader an Hertzog : but now , and for fome
time part, it is a Dignity given by Kings and
Princes to men of great Blood and excellent
Merit. In fome Countries, at this day, the
Soveraign Princes are called Dukes ; as the
Duke of Savoy , Duke of Mufcovy, Duke of
Saxony, Duke of Florence, and the like.

All Noblemen at their Creation have two
Enfigns,to fignifie two Duties,OT.K. their Heads
are adorned ad confitleudum Regem & Tatri-
am in tempore pads , and they are girt with
Swords, ad defendendum T)ominum Regem, &
Tatriam in tempore belli. The Chapeau or
Head-attire (faith CbaffaMUi ) Dukes were
accuftomed to wear in token of Excellency,
it is of a Scarlet Colour , lined or doubled Er-
min. And now Marquiifes , Earls , and Vif-

counts plead Cuflome for the life thereof, as
alfo for Coronets ; which his Majefty King
Charles the Second hath alfo granted Barons to
wear , but with due difference , as is alfo in
their Robes, which may appear by the Por-
traiture of the faid Degrees here lively fet
forth. His Sword is girt about him , and his
lhort Cloak or Mantle over his Shoulders is
guarded with four Guardsjhis Coronet is Gold,
the Cap Crimfon, doubled Ermin, but not in-
dented , as thofe of the Blood Royal are ; and
the Verge which he holds in his hand is alfo of
Gold.

Dukes of the Royal Line or Blood are re-
puted as Arch-Dukes , and are to have their
Coronets compofed of Crolfes and Flower de
lis, as other Dukes.

A Duke tantiim lhall take place before any
Lord, that is both Marquis and Earl; but a
Duke that is both a Marquis and Earl,ihall pre-
cede him.

The Dukes , Marquiifes, and Earls at their
Creations have a Sword put over their Shoul-
ders, or girt about them, which the Vifcounts
and Barons have not.

A Duke may have in all places out of the
King's or Princes prefence a Cloth of Eftate,
hanging down within half a yard of the
Ground ; fo may his Dutchefs, who may have
her Train born up by a Baronefs : And no Earl,
without permiffion from him , ought to walh
with a Duke.

All Duke's eldeft Sons, by the Courtefie of
England are from their Birth ftyled Mar-
quiifes,

Folio 2J

zliwementis

Chap.IV.

Of D»%x,

quiffes , and the younger Sons Lords,and take
place of Vifcounts ; but not fo priviledged by
the Law of the Land.

A Duke hath the Title of Grace ; and being
written unto is ftyled, Molt High.Potent, and
Noble Prince. And Dukes of the Royal Blood
are ftyled, Molt High, moll Mighty, andlllu-
ltrious Princes.

The younger Sons of Kings are by courtefie
ftyled Princes by birth, but have their Titles
of Duke, Marquifs, Sccfrom Creation; The
Daughters are ftyled Princelfes: and the Title
of Royal Highnefs is given to all the King's
Children, both Sons and Daughters.

The form of a Patent of the
Duke of TorJ^, tempore J a-
cobi.

JACOBUS,&c. To all Archbifljops, Bi-
fljops , Dukes , Mar quiffes , Ear is , Vif-
counts, Barons, Juftices, Knights , Govern-
ors, Minifters, ana" to all Bailiffs and faith-
ful SnbjeBs, Greeting. Whereas oftentimes
■me call to mind how many and innumerable
Gifts, and what excellent Benefits that Great
Maker of allGoodnefi Cof his own benignity
and clemency) hath abundantly bellowed up-
on us, who not only by his tower hath confocia-
ted divers and mighty Lyons in firm Teace,
without any ftrife ; but alfo hath amplified
and exalted the Bounds and Limits of our Go-
vernment, by his uufpeakable 'Providence , a-
bove our Progenitors , with an indiffolvable
Con) unci ion of the ancient and famous King-
doms, in the right of Blood, under our Impe-
rial Diadem. In regard whereof we cannot
boaft, but mofl willingly acknowledge ourfruit-
fulnefl and Iffue plentifully adorned with the
gifts of Nature, which he hath vouch fafed
unto us, becanfe in truth in the Succejfioti of
Children a mortal man is made as it were im-
mortal ; neither unto any mortal men , at
leaftwife unto Trinces not acknowledging Su-
periors , can any thing happen in worldly cau-
fes more happy and acceptable, than that their
Children Jljould become notable in all vertuous
GoodnefS, Manners, and Increase of Dignity ,
fo as they which excel other men in NoblenefS
and Dignity, endowments of Nature , might
not be thought of others to be exceeded : Hence
it is that we Qthat great goodnefi of God ,
which is fliewed unto us in our felicity not
to pafs infileuce ; or to be thought not to fatis-
fie the Law of Nature, whereby we are chief-
ly provoked to be well affected and liberal to
thofe in whom we behold our Blood to begin to
fiouriflj ~) coveting with great and fatherly af-
fection , that the perpetual memory of our

Blood, with Honour and increafe of Dignity ,
and all praife may be '■■affefled, our well belo-
ved Son, Charles Duke of Albony, Marquis
of Ormond, Count of Rofs, and Lord of Ard-
mannoth, our fecoud begotten Son , m whom
the Regal form and beauty worthy Honour, and
other gifts of Vertue, do now in the bejl hopes
fijine in his tender years , We erect, create,
make and ordain, and to himthe Name, Style,
State, 'Title, and Dignity, and Authority, and
Honour of the Duke of York do give , to him
that Name, with the Honour to the fame be-
longing and annexed, by the girding of the
Sword, Cap, and Cirtlet of Gold put upon his
Head, and the delivery of a Golden l erge,we
do really iuvefl, To have and to hold the fame
Name, Style, State, Dignity, Authority, and
Honour of the Duke of York unto the aforefaid
Charles our fecond begotten Son , and to the
Heirs male of his Body lawfully begotten for
ever. And that the aforejaid Charles our fe-
coud begotten Son , according to the decency
andftate of the faid Name of Duke of York ,
may more honourably carry himfelf ; we have
given 'and granted, and by this our prefent
Charter, we confirm for us and our Heirs unto
the aforefaid Duke and his Heirs for ever,
out of Farms, Iffues, Profits, and other Commo-
dities whatsoever coming out of the County of
York, by the hands of the Sheriff of the faid
County for the time being, at the times of Eafter
and Michaelmas by even portions. For that
exprefi mention of other Gifts and Grants by
us unto the faid Duke before time , made m
theje Prefeuts, dot knot appear notwithftand-
ing thefe being Witneffes ; The moft excellent
and moft beloved Henry our Firftbegotten Son,
Ulrick Duke of Hellet, Brother of the Queen
our beloved W tfe, and the Reverend Father in
Chrifl Richard Archbi/hop of Canterbury, Pri-
mate and Metropolitan of all England,^/*/ alfo
our beloved and faithf ul Counfellor, Thomas
Lord Elfmereo!»- Chancellor o/'England,Tho-
mas Earl of Suffolk, Chamberlain of our Houf-
hold, and our dear£ofiu, Thomas Earl of A-
rundel, our welbeloved Cofins and Couufellors
Henry Earl of Northumberland, Ed ward Earl
of Worcefter, Mafter of our Horfe, George Earl
of Cumberland, and alfo our welbeloved Cc-
Jius, Henry Earl of Southampton , William
Earl of Pembroke, and alfo our welbeloved
Cofins and Couufellors, Charles Earl of Devon-.
Ihire, Mafter of our Ordinance, Henry Earl
of Northampton, Warden of the Cinque Ports,
John Earl of Warwick,Robert Vi fount Cran-
borne our Principal Secretary , and our well-
beloved and faithful Counfellor, Edward Lord
Zouch, Prefident of our Council within the
Principality and Marches of Wales, and alfo
our welbeloved and'trufly Robert Lord Wil-
loughby of Eresby, William Lor^Mounteagle,
Gray Lord Chandois , William Lord Comp-
ton, Francis Lord Norris , Robert Lord Sid-
ney our welbeloved and faithful Counfellor ,
E Wil-

Of Duty

Cf.

Part II.

William Lor</Rnowles Treasurer of our Hotif-
hold and our welbeloved and faithj id Coun-
cilor George Dunbar, Lord oj Barwick, Chan-
cellor of our Exchequer, Edward Bruce of Rm-
lofs Mailer of the Rolls of our Chancery, W
alfo our we lie loved and faithful Thomas
Eareskine of Birketon, Captain of our Guard ,
Tames ZWBarmermoth, and others. Given
by our Hand at our Talace at Weftmmfter, in
the Second year of our Reign of England ,
(Sc.

King Edward the Third, in the third year
of his Reign, by his Charter in Parliament ,
and by Authority of Parliament did create Ed-
-x>,;>-^ his eldeft Son, called the black Trince,
Duke of Cornwal not only in Title , but cum
ftWo with the Dutchy of Cornwal, as by the
Letters Patents may appear in Coke's Eighth
<Part in the Pleadings, Habendum & tenendum
eidemDucifS iffius, ® hxredum fuorum, Re-
turn Anglic, fliis Trimogenitis, S> dicli loci
Ducibus, in Regno Anglia; ei htereditarie Jtic-
cejfuris : So that he who is hereditable muft be
Heir apparent to the King of England , and of
fuch a Ring who is Heir to the faid Prince Ed-
ward, and fuch a one fhall inherit the faid
Dukedom; which manner of limitation of fi-
liate was ihort and excellent, varying from the
ordinary Rules of the Common Law,touching
the framing of any Eftate of Inheritance in
Fee-fimple, or Fec-tayl ; and neverthelefs, by
the Authority of Parliament, a fpecial Fee-
fimple is in that cafe only made,as by Judgment
may appear in the Book aforefaid,/'o/. 27. and
27 £^.3.41 -b. And ever fmce that Creation,the
faid Dukedom of Cornwall hath been the pe-
culiar Inheritance of the King's eldeft Son, du-
ringthe life of the King his Father , fo that he
is ever Dux natus, non creatns ; and the Duke
at the very time of his Birth is taken to be of
full and perfect Age, fo that he may fend that
day for his Livery of the faid Dukedom. And
the faid black Prince was the firft Duke of
England after the Conqueft : For though Bra-
Bon, who made his Book in the Reign of Ring
Henry the Third, faith, S flint fub fege Duces
(as appeareth ") that place is to be underftood
of the ancient Rings before the Conqueft : For
in Magna Charta , which was made in the
Ninth of Ring Henry the Third, we find not
the name T)uke amongft the Peers and Nobles
there mentioned;for feeing the Norman Rings
themfelves were Dukes of Normandy for a
great while, they adorned none with this Ho-
nour. And the eldeft Son of every Ring, after
his Creation, was Duke of Cornwall : as for
example ; Henry of Monmouth, eldeft Son of
King Henry the Fourth, Henry of Wind for, A.
deft Son of King Henry the Fifth , Edward of
Weftminfler, eldeft Son of Ring Edward the
Fourth, Arthur of Winchester, eldeft fon of
King Henry the Seventh, and Edward of
Hampton, firft Son of Ring Henry the Eighth.

But Richard of Burdeaux, who w as the firft
Son of Edward the black Prince, was not Duke
of Cornwall by force of the faid Creation :
For albeit, after the death of his Father he was
Heir apparent to the Crown ; yet becaufe he
was not the Firftbegotten Son of a Ring ( for
his Father died in the life of Ring Edward the
Third) the faid Richard was not within the
limitation of the Grant and Creation by Au-
thority of Parliament made in the Eleventh
of Ring Edward aforefaid ; and therefore
to fupply that defect, in the Fifth oft Edward
the Third , he was created Duke of Cornwall
by fpecial Charter.

Elizabeth , eldeft Daughter of Ring Ed-
ward the Fourth, was not a Du reliefs of
Cornwall, although fhe was the Firlibegot-
ten Daughter of Edward the Fourth ; for
the Limitation is to the Firft-begotten Son.
Henry the Eighth was not in the life of his
Father Ring Henry the Seventh , after the
death of his eldeft Brother Arthur, puke of
Cornwall , by force of the faid Creation j
for although he was fole Heir apparent ,
yet he was not his eldeft begotten Son.

And the Opinion of Stamford , a Learn-
ed Judge, hath been, That he fhall have
within his Dukedom of Cornwall the Ring's
Prerogative , becaufe it is not fevered from
the Crown after the form as it is given ;
for none fhall be Inheritor thereof but the
Ring's of the Realm : For example ; where-
as by Common Law , if a man hold divers
Mannors , or other Lands or Tenements of
divers Lords , all by Rnights Service , fome
part by Priority and ancient Feoffment , and
other Land by Pofterity and a later Feoff-
ment , and the Tenant fo feized dieth , and!
his Son and Heir within Age , in this cafe
the cuftody and wardfhip of the Body , and
his marriage may not be divided amongft
all the Lords , but one of them only fhall
have right unto it (becaufe the Body of a
man is intire). And therefore the Law doth
fay, That the Lord, of whom fome part of
thofe Lands are holden by Priority , and by
the fame Tenure of Chivalry, fhall have it,
except the Ring be any of the Lords ; for
then though the Tenant did purchafe that
Land laft , yet after his death the Ring fhall
be preferred before any of the other Lords
of whom the Tenant did hold the Priori-
ty. And fo fhall the Duke of Cornwall in
the fame Cafe have the Prerogative, if his
Tenant die , holding of him but by pofte-
rity of Feoffment for any Tenure of his
Dutchy of Cornwall, although the fame
Duke is not feized of any particular Eftate,
whereof the Reverfion remaineth in the
Ring ; for the Prince is feized in Fee of his
Dukedom, as beforefaid.

"John

Chap. IV.

Of Dukt

John of Gaunt , the fourth Son of King
Edward the Third , took to Wife Blanch ,
Daughter and Heir of Henry Duke of Lan-
cafler , who had Iifue Henry King of Eng-
land; fo that the (aid Dutchy of Lancafler
did come unto the faid Henry by defcent
from the party of his Mother ; and being a
Subject, lie was to obferve the Common
Law of the Realm in al! things concerning
his Dutchy. For if he would depart in
Fee with any thereof, he muft have made
Livery and Seffii) ; or if he had made a
Leafe for life, referving Rent with a Re-
entry for default of payment , and the Rent
happen to be behind, 'the Duke might not
enter without making his Demand" or if
he had alienated any part thereof whilft he
was within Age , he might defeat the Pur-
chafer for that Caufe; and if he would
grant a Reverfion of an Eftate for life or
years in being, there muft alfo be At-
tornment , or elfe the Grant doth not take
effect.

But after that he had depofed King Ri-
chard the Second, and did aifume the Roy-
al Eftate , and fo had conjoyned his Natu-
ral Body in the Body Politick of the King
of this Realm, and fo was become King;
then the polleffion of the Dutchy of Lan-
cafler was in him as King, but not as
Duke , which degree of Dignity was fwal-
lowed up in that of the King ; for the lefler
muft always give place to the greater. And
likewife the Name of the Dutchy , and the
Franchises , Liberties , and jurifdidions
thereof, when in the King's Hands, were
by the Common Law extinct ; and after
that time the pofleffions of the Dutchy of
Lancafler could not pafs from Henry the
Fourth by Livery of Seifm ; but by his Let-
ters Patents under the Great Seal, without
Livery of Seifin , and with Attornment.
And if he make a Leafe for Life , being
Duke , referring a Rent with a Re-entry
for default of payment ; and after his Af-
fumption of the Crown , his Rent happen
to be unpaid , he might Re-enter without
Demand ; for the King is not bound to
fuch perfonal Ceremonies as his Subjects
are.

Therefore to have the faid Dutchy to be
ftill a Dutchy with the Liberties to the
fame , as it was before , and to alter the
order and degree of the Lands of the
Dutchy from the Crown; the faid Kin"?
Henry the Fourth made a Charter by Au"
thority of Parliament, which is entituled
Charta Regu Hen. 4. de feparatione Lanca-
flria a corona authoritate Tarliamenti An-
no Regni fui pimo , as by the Tenor there-
of may appear. And fo by Authority of
that Parliament , the faid Dutchy, with all
the Franchifes and Liberties was meerly re-
figned from the Crown , and from the Mi-

■ ; .* - _ _

I nifters and Officers thereof, and from the
Order, to pafs by fuch Conveyance which
the Law did require in the polfe/lions of
the Crown. But now the pofleilions of the
Dutchy by force of the faid Statute ; flood
divided from the Crown , and ought to be
demeaned and ordered, and pals .as they
did before Henry the Fourth was King ; > et
there is no Claufe in the Charter which
doth make the perfon of the King ( who
hath the Dutchy) in any other Degree than
it was before.

But things concerning his pleafure /hall
be in the lame eftate as they were before
fuch leparation : infomuch , as if the Law
before the Charter, by Authority of Par-
liament , adjudged the" perfon of" the King
always of full Age, having regard unto his
Gilts, as well of the Lands which he cloth
inherit in the right of his Crown , or Bo-
dy Politick , it ihail be fo adjudged for the
Dutchy Land after the faid Statute ; for the
Statute doth go and reach unto the Eftate,
Order , and Condition of the Lands of the
Dutchy, but doth not extend unto the
perfon of the King , who hath the Lands
in points touching his perfon. Neither doth
that diltinguilh, or alter the preheminences
which the Law doth give to the perfon of
the King : For if King Henry the Fourth ,
after the faid Act had made a Leafe, or
other Grant of parcel of the Dutchy,
by the Name of Henry Duke of Lancafler'
only , it had been void ,• for it fhould have
been made in the Name of Henry the Fourth
King of England.

And thus flood the Dutchy of Lancafler
fevered from the Crown , all the Reign of
Henry the Fourth, Henry the Fifth, and
Henry the Sixth , being politicly made for
the upholding of the Dutchy of Lancajler ,
their true and ancient Inheritance ; howe-
ver the right Heir to the Crown might ,
in future time , obtain his right thereunto
(as it happened in King Edward the
Fourth's time:) but after the faid King
Edward obtained his right unto the Crown°,
in Parliament he attainted Henry the Sixth,
and appropriated and annexed the faid
Dutchy again to the Crown, as by the Sta-
tute thereof made in the firlt of the King's
Reign it doth appear. By which Statute
three things were ordained : Firft , The
County Palatine of Lancafler was again e-
itabliflied : Secondly, He did inveft it in the
Body Politick of the King's of this Realm:
And thirdly , He did divide it from the or-
der of the Crown Land. And in this form
it continued until Henry the Seventh , who
forthwith ( being defcended from the Houfe
of Lancafler ) did feparate it only in Order
and Government from the Crown, and fo it
continued! at this day.

E 2

Of Dufyr.

Part II.

Ceremonies to be obeferved in
the Creation of a Dufy.

T the Creation of a Duke he muft have
_ on him his Surcoat and Hood , and
ftould be led between two Dukes, it there
be any prefent , if not, a Marguifs or two,
and for want of either an Earl ; fome-
what before him , on the right hand , ftiall

eo an Earl which fnali bear a Cap of fi-
liate with the Coronet in it; and on the o-
ther fide ftiall alfo go an Earl which fliaH
bear the Golden Rod; and before the Duke
that is to be created fliould go a Marquifs ,
or one of the greateft Eftate , to bear the
Sword ; and before him an Earl to bear the
Mantle or Robe of Eftate lying on his
Arms. And all thefe Nobles that do Ser-
vice muft be in their Robes of Eftate.

His Title is proclaimed twice, and the Lar-
gefs thrice.

O F

CHAP. V.

A Marquifs , which by the Saxons
is called Marken-Reue, and fig-
nifieth a Governor or Ruler of
the Marches , hath the next
place of Honour to a Duke.
This Title came to vis but of late days ; for
the firft was Robert Vere , who was created
Marquifs of ^Dublin by King Richard the
Second , and from that time it became to be
a Title of Honour ; for in former time thofe
that Governed the Marches were commonly
called Lord Marchers, and not Marquijfes. _
After the Normans had conquered this
Land , it was by them carefully obferved ,
as a matter of great moment , to place up-
on the Confines and Borders of the Britains
C and thofe not then fubdued) men of much
Valour ; fuch that were not only fufficient
to encounter the Inrodes and Invafions of
the Enemy , but alfo ready upon all Occa-
sions to make onfet upon them for the en-
larging their Conqueft. Thefe men thus
placed were of high Blood and Reputation
amongft their Countrey-men, the Normans,
and in whofe Faith the Conqueror repofed
fpecial Truft and Confidence : And therefore
in their Territories given unto them to hold,
their Tenures were devifed to be very fpecial,
and of great importance and honour, enriched
with Name and Priviledges of Earl of Chefter;
and fo the North-border of Wales created to a
County Palatine ; and the Barons of the mid-
dle part of the South Marches were adorned
in a manner with a Palatine Jurifdiclion, ha-

I ving a Court of Chancery , and Writs only

I amongft themfelvcs pleadable , to the in*
tent that their Attendance might not thence
be drawn for the profecuting of Controver-

| fies or Quarrels in the Law. And as for the
other part of the South Marches, they feerfl-
ed to be fufficiently fenced with the River

. Severn and the Sea.

A Marquifs is created per gladii cinBu-
ram , ES circuit aurei Juo capiti fofitionem.
He is honoured with a Coronet of Gold ,
which is part flowered, and part pyramidal,
with the points and flowers, or leaves of an
equal height. His Mantle is doubled Er-
min , which is of three doublings and an
half, whereas the Mantle of an Earl is but
of three ; and the doublings of a Vifcount's
Mantle is but two and a half, which are
only plain white Furr without Ermins , as
are the Barons , which are but of two doub-
lings.

The form of their Patent (which at
their Creation is delivered into their hands)
was various ; but of late 'tis regulated to
the method of thofe of other Degrees , and
the Ceremonies the fame. This Honour is
hereditary, and. the eldeft Son, by the
Courtefie of the Land , is called Earl , or
Lord of a place ; and the younger Sons
only Lord John , Lord Thomas, or the
like.

Of Marqmjjes.

Part 11.

l 8 _

He hath the Title of moft Noble , mod
Honourable , and Potent Prince ; and may
have his Cloth of Eftate reaching within a
yard of the Ground, the King or a Duke
not being prefent ; and his Marchionefs may
have her Train born up by a Knight's La-
dy in her own Houfe, but not in a Dutcheifes
prefence.

A Marquifles eldeft Son is born an Earl ,
and mall go as an Earl , and have his Ef-
fay in an Earl's prefence , and wear as ma-
ny powdrings as an Earl, but fhall give place

to an Earl ; and his Wife fhall go beneath a
Countefs , and above all Marquifles Daugh-
ters , who are born Ladies , and the eldeft
a Countefs, but ihall go beneath a Coun-
tefs.

At the Creation of a Marquifs, he muft
have on him his Surcoat and Hood, and
be led by a Duke or Marquifs ; the Sword
and Cap to be born by Earls. He muft go
after his Creation , not after his Marquifite,
and the Marchionefs his Wife according to
the fame.

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The RiaatHon*** T/ieophtiu-t Earle oJ~ Jduniingfon , Z. i
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Qyf±ohjuseJTLC.rvts of EcirL&s

Folio 5 9

CHAP. VI

TH E next Degree of Honour is
an Earl, which Word and Title
came from the Saxons : For it,
is obferved , That originally
•within this Realm, in the anci-
ent Englifh-Saxon Government, Earldomesof
Counties were not only Dignities of Honour,
but Offices of Juftice , having the charge and
cuftody of the County whereof they were
Earls ; and for their Afliftance, had their De-
puty , called Vicecomes : which Office is now
managed by Sheriffs, each County having his
Sheriff Annually cliofen out of the eminent
Inhabitants thereof under the Degree of A 7 o-
bilts Major es. And the Earls, in recompence
of their Travels concerning the Affairs of the
County, then received a Salary , viz,, a third
peny of the Profits of the County ; which
Cuftome continued a long time after the Con-
queft , and was inferted as a Princely Benevo-
lence in their Patents of Creation ( as by di-
vers ancient Patents may appear } which af-
terwards were turned into Penfions for the
better fupport of that Honour , as appeareth
by a Book-Cafe ]i Hen. 6. i8. And there-
fore in refpecl of fuch Penfions, or fuch other
Gratuities given in lieu thereof, fome men
have not without probability thereof imagin-
ed, quod Comites nominabantur, quia h mvltit
fifci Regii focii (3 Comites eidem participes
effent.

The word Earl by the Saxons was called
Erlig or Ethlmg ; by the Germans Graves ,
as Lantgrave, 'Palfgrave, Margrave, Rhein-
grave, and the like ; and by the Tluteh was
called Eorle : But upon the coming in of the
Normans they were called Comes , or Comites,
that is, Counts ; and for Gravity irr Council,
they are called Come s Ilhftrtf , a Comitando
Trincipem. And as Earls for their Vermes
and Heroical Qualities are reputed Princes , or
Companions for Princes : fo ought they to de-
port themfelves anfwerable to the faid Digni-
ty, as well^ in their Attendance and Noble
Houfe-keeping, as otherwife.

The Dignity of Earl is of divers kinds, and
is either local or perfonal : Local, as from the
denomination of fome place : and Perfonal, as
being in fome great Office, as Earl-Marfhal ,
and the like. Thofe Local are alfo Palatine
and Simplices. Thofe that are Palatine , or
Count Palatine, are Chefter , Lancafler , and
the Bifliopricks of Durham and Ely, and re-
tain fome of the ancient Priviledges allowed
them by the Saxons. Hugh Lupus,vt\\o was
the firft Hereditary Earl , had the County
Palatine of Chesler given him by the Conquer-
or, who governed it Forty years, in which
time he created eight Barons , and had Jura
Regalia within the County.

Of E

arls.

Part II.

Of Earls not Tatatine, which is as ancient'
asthcConqueft, there have been principally
two kinds, but either of them fubdivided into
feveral Branches ; for they either take name
of a place, or hold their Title without any
place! Thofe that take their Name of a place
are of two kinds ; for either the place is the
County , as the Earl of T)evonfbire , Kent ,
Middlefex, or the like , or elfe fome Town,
Caftle, or Honour; as the Earldom of Rich-
mond in Torkfjire , Clarence in Suffolk, Arun-
del mSuffex, Bathe and Bridgwater So-
merfetfinre , and fo forth. And thofe Earl-
doms which have their Titles without any
place, are likewife of two kinds, either m re-
ined of Office, or by Birth: By Officers the
Earl-Marihal of England, called in Latin to-
mes MarafcaUus Auglia, and is an Office not
only of great power , being in the Vacancy
of the Lord High Conftable of England the
King's Lieutenant General in all Marlhal Af-
fairs , but of as great Honour , taking place of
all Earls, except the Lord Great Chamberlain
of England, and is likewife endowed with
many honourable priviledges. This Title of
Earl-Marflial was by K.Richard the Second firft
given to Thomas Mowbray Earl of Notting-
ham ( whereas before they were fimply ftyled
Marfhals) and after the Banifhment oi Mow-
bray, he granted it to Thomas Holland , Duke
of Surrey; and that he mould carry a Rod or
Verge of Gold enammeled black at both ends ,
whereas before they ufed one of Wood : This
Office is now by his prefent Majefty reftored
to the ancient Family of the Howards Heredi-
tary for ever, and is enjoyed by the Right Ho-
nourable Henry Howard, Earl of Norwich ,
Baron Howard of Caftle-Rifing in Norfolk ,
and Heir apparent to his Grace the Duke of
Norfolk.

The other fort of Earls are by Birth, and fo
are all the Sons of the Kings of England, if
they have no other Dignity beftowed upon
them : And therefore it was faid that John,
afterwards King of England, in the lifetime
of his Father Henry the Second , was Comites
fans terre.

Earls ( as other Degrees of Nobility ) are
Offices of great Truft , being created by Pa-
tent for two principal purpofes ; one ad confu-
lendum Regi in tempore facts ; the other ad de-
fendendum Regem & Tatriam in tempore bel-
li. And therefore Antiquity hath given them
two Enfigns to refemble both the faid Duties :
For firft, the Head is adorned with a Cap of
Honour, and a Coronet of Gold , which for
diftinction is pyramidal, pointed, and pearl-
ed , between each pyramid a Flower much
fihorter than the pyramid : And the Body is a-
dorned with Robes, viz. a Hood , Surcoat ,
and Mantle of State, with three guards of Fur
uponthe Shoulders ; which Robe is an emblem
ot Counfel : and they are begirt with a Sword
in refemblance of that they muft be faithful

and true to defend their Prince and Coun-
try.

An Earl had formerly the Title of Prince ;
but now it is Moft Potent and Noble Lord , as
alfo The Right Honourable and truly Noble.
Out of his Superiors prefence he may have a
Cloth of Eftate fringed without pendants ; and
his Countefs may have her Train born up by
an Efquire's Wife.

But to the King's high Council of Parlia-
ment no man ought to prefume to come before
lie hath received the King's Writ of Summons.
This Conftitution was firft made by King
Henry the Third, after the Barons War was
appeas'd, and by King Edward the Third ,
and his Succeffors, it hath been carefully ob-
ferved. The form of a Writ of Summons to
art Earl, is as followeth :

RE X, &c. Unto his we lie loved Cofin,
John Earl of Greeting.
Becaufe by the advice and affent of our
Council, for certain weighty and -urgent bu-
fineffes concerning us, the fate and defence
of our Kingdom and Church , we have or-
dained to be holden a certain Tarliament
at our City of Weftminfter the day of

fext coming , and there together
with you , and with the 'Prelates, and Great
and Noble Men of our faid Kingdom, to have
confidence and treaty , commanding, and irm-
ly injoyning you upon your Faith and Allegi-
ance whereby you are holden unto us , that
the dangers and perils imminent of that
bufinefs confidered, and all Excufes fet a-
part , you be prefent at the faid day in the
fame place with -us , andwith the Prelates
and Noblemen aforejaid, to treat and give
counfel upon the aforefaid bufinefs ; and here-
of fail not, as you tender our honour and the
fategard , and defence of our Kingdom and
Church aforefaid. Witnefs our f elf ^Weft-
minfter the day of
in the year of our Reign.

In this Writ an Earl is faluted by the King
by the Name of Cofin, although no Kin ; and
the Writ of Summons to him, or any other
Peer, is particularly directed to himfelf , and
not unto the Sheriff of the County , as the
general Summons are to Knights and Burgeffes
of Parliament.

After a man is created an Earl, Vifcount, or
any other Title of Honour above his Title, it
is become parcel of his Name; and not an ad-
dition only , but in all legal Proceedings he
ought to be ftyled by that his Digni-
ty.

In the firft of King Edward the Third ,
fol. 1 5 1 . a Writ of lormedon was brought a-
gainft Richard Son of Alleyn , late Earl of
Arundel, and did demand the Mannor of C.
with the Appurtenances, &c. The Tenant by
his Learned Counfel, did plead that he was

Earl

Chap. VI.

Of Earls.

Earl of Arutidel. , and was at the day of the
Writ purchafed, and demanded Judgment of
the Writ, becaufe he was not named in
the Writ according to his Dignity and Ti-
tle of Honour. To which the Demandant
faith, That at that time, when he did pur-
chafe the Writ, the Tenant was not known
nor taken to be an Earl , and it is fevere
J lift ice if the Writ ihall abate without any
default in the Plaintiff : neverthelefs , be-
caufe the truth of the matter was fo, that
the Earldom did dcfcend unto him before the
Plaintiff had commenced his Action , and
purchafed his Writ againft him; therefore
by Judgment his Writ was abated, although
the Tenant was not at that time known to
be an Earl. But if a Baron be Plaintiff or
Defendant , it is not of necefiity to name
him Baron, %Hen.6. 10. yet fee a difiinfti-
on of Barons concerning this matter, here
following: And fo RegiiLild Gray was repu-
ted Efquire after the Earldom defcended un-
to him , till at laft it was publifhed and de-
clared by the Queen, and the Heralds , that
he was Earl of Kent in Right , and by De-
fcent , although he was not reputed or named
Earl before that time.

But an addition may be ufed , or omitted
at pleafure , except in fpecial Cafes where
Procelles of ftyle of Supremuni Caput Ec-
clcfia Auglicana; , which by Aft of Parlia-
ment in the zbth of Hen. 8. cap. 1. and in the
l^th of Hen. 8. cap. 3. was annexed to the
imperial Crown of this Realm. It is no
part of the King's ftyle , fo that it may be
omitted in the Summons of Parliament at
pleafure ; and fo it is adjudged and declared
by Parliament in the Firft and Second of Thi-
llp and Alary, cap.ft.fo/. i,6.

But not between the Majeftical Style of
the King, and the Title of Honour apper-
taining to a Subject; this difference is be-
tween Grants or Purchafes made by or to
a Nobleman, &c. For in that firft cafe it is
necelfary that the Name [ King ] be ex-
prelTed , otherwife they are void. But if a
Duke , Earl , or other Degree of Nobility,
do Purchafe or Grant, by the Name of Bap-
tifme and Surname, or other Title of Ho-
nour, it is not void; for it is a Rule in
Law , That every man's Grant fhall be con-
ftrued molt to the benefit of him to whom
the faid Grant is made , that it may rather
be ftrengthened than made void ; for there
is a great diverfity in the Law between
Writs and Grants : For if Writs are not for-
mally made, they fhall be abated , which is
only the lofs of the fame ; but if a Grant
fhould be made void, then the party hath
no remedy to have a new one, and for that
caufe the Law doth not fivour Advantages
by occafion of falfe Latin , or fuch like mi-
ftake.

And if an Earl be Plaintiff or Deman-
ant, and having the Writ, Aall not abate-
but neverthelefs he fhall proceed , and count
by the Name of an Earl , according to fuch
Title of Honour as he did bear at the time
of the Commencement of his Action.

But if the Plaintiff in a Ouare Impedit
be made Knight , having the~Writ, fhall a-
bate.

There is a Statute made in the Firft of
Henry the Fifthly. 5-. wherein is contained
as tolloweth: Item, It u ordained and e-
ftablijbed, That every original Writ of A-
itions , perfonal Appeals, and Indictments ,
111 which the Exigent Jljall be awarded in
the names of the defendants ; in fuch Writs,
original Appeals, and Indictments, additi'.
oris fuall le made of their Eflates, Degrees,
and M-tftcries ; and the Towns , Hamlets',
and 'Places, and the County where they were
or be converfant : And if by Trocefs upon
the Jaid original Writs, Appeals, or Inditl-
ments,in which the faid additions are omit-
ted , any Outlawries be pronounced , that
they be clearly void, and that before thefe
Outlawries pronounced the faid Writs and
Inditlments /ball be abated by the excepti-
ons of the party wherein the faid additions
are omitted: 'Provided, that though the faid
Writs of Additions 'Perfonal be not accord-
ing to the Records and Deeds by the jur-
p/ujage of the Additions afore/did, that for
thii cauje they be not abated: And that the
Clerks of Chancery , under whofe Names
filch Writs Jljall go forth written , Jha/l not
leave out, or male omifjion of the faid Ad-
ditions, as aforefaid, upon pain of punijl:-
ment , and to make fine to the King , by the
difcretion of the Lord Chancellor or Keep-
er. And this Ordinance fljall begin to hold
place at the fmt of the party, from the Feaji
of St. Michael then next enfmng.

Although addition of Eftate, Degree, and
Myftery to be added unto Names be written
in the Statute firft before the additions of
the Places and Counties ; yet it hath been
ufed always after the making of the faid
Statute, to place the Addition of Eftate,
Degree, and Myftery after the Places and
Counties in all Writs , Appeals , and Indict-
ments againft common perfons : But the ufe
is otherwife in Appeals and Indictments of
Treafon or Felony againft Dukes, Marquif-
fes , and Earls ; for their Names of Degrees
are in fuch cafe put before the Additions
of Places and Counties ; as Charles Earl of
Weflmorc/and , late of Branfpit in the Coun-
1 ty of Durham.

I Names of Dignity, as Dukes,Earls,Barons,
Baronets, Knights, &c. ate contained within
! the word [Degree] for the Sate of a man is his
■ Myftery. Brook, Chief Juftice of the Common
• 'Pleas in Abridgment of the Cajeof 14 Hen. 6.
' fol. i^.titulo, Nofme deDigmtate.

F In-

Of Earls.

Part SI.

Jnj

jurief done to the Name
Honour of a Nobleman.

TN the Second of Richard the Second, c. i.
that Counterfeits and Spreaders abroad of
falfe and reproachful words and lies againft
the Nobility, Prelates, and Great Men in pub-
lick Offices; as the Lord Chancellory Keep-
er the Lord Treafurer, Lord Steward of the
King's Houihold, the Judges , tSe. whereby
Debates and Difcord may anfe betw een the
laid Lords and Commons , to the great de-
triment of the Realm if due Remedy be not
provided ; It is flraitly Enacted upon grie-
vous pain , to cfchew the faid Dangers and
Perils , That from thenceforth none prefume
to tell , or report any falfe and fcandalous
News againft any of the perfons aforefaid ,
wherebv difcord , or any llander might artfej
and he that doth the fame ihall incur the
punilhment ordained by the Statute of Weft-
minher, cap. 33. which wills, that he be ta-
ken and imprifoned till he have found him
that hrft reported the fame. And further ,
by another Statute Anno 12 Rich. cap. 12. it
was enaded moreover, That when the faid
Offender is taken and imprifoned , and can-
not find him that firft fpake them, then he
Ihall be punifhed by the advice of the Coun-
cil.

And to the intent that fuch evil difpofed
perfons, which by their lewd fpeeches and
flanderous words or reports , do endeavour
to break and difquiet the peace of the Realm,
might the fooner be enquired of, found out,
and punifhed by a Statute made in the firft
and fecond of Thilip and Mary, it was e-
ftablifhed, That the Juftices of the Peace in
every Shire, City,and Town Corporate with-
in the Limits of their feveral Commiffions ,
ihall have full power to hear and determine
the Caufes abovefaid in the two Acts of
Edw. 1 . and 2 Rich. 2. fpecified ; and to put
the faid Statutes, and every part thereof, in
due execution , that condign punilhment be
not deferred from fuch Offenders. And be-
fides the faid Penalties to be fo inflicted on
Tranfgrellors , every Nobleman , or great
Officer of the Realm, againft whom any fcan-
dalous words, falfe news or lies are fpoken,
may profecute the Offender in any Action
de {candaltt magnatitm,a.nA recover damages
againft him. And in like manner may e-
very inferiour perfon , for any fuch like
words of infamy fpoken againft him , reco-
ver damages againft the Offender. And in
former tiiiK\s,fpeeches tending to the reproach
of others were fo odious , that King Edgar
ordained, That his Tongue ffiould be cut out
that fpake any infamous or flanderoas words
of another. And the faid Lord Beauchamp

did fue an Action upon the Statute of Richard
the Second, cap. 5. de fcandalu magnatum,
againft Sir- Richard Chuffs, becaufe he did
fue a Writ of forging of falfe Deeds againft
the laid Lord Beanchamp; and the Defen-
dant doth juftihe the faid llander by ufe
of the laid Writ,Kc And upon Demurrer the
matter of Juftification was good, fo that he
was not liable to the punifhment of the faid
Statutes , but was quite difcharged from the
fame.

There is no foul puddle that arifcth from
the fame corrupt Quagmire, and diftilled
hkewife out of a heart infected with Malice
and Lnvy , but it deviled and practifed by
another meaner than the former, which is by
lybelhng, fecret llandenrg or defaming of o-
thers ; lor this privy Eackoiter doth not by
words impeach his "Adverfary in fo manifeft
and turbulent manner as the cholerick Me-
nacer in his fury doth ; but feeming to fit qui-
etly in his Study, doth more deeply wound
his Fame and Credit,than the other boift erous
perfon doth ; for he in a moment threatneth
to do more, than peradventure he is either
able, or hath courage to perform in all his
life: For his Paflion thus difcovering the Ma-
lice of his Heart, doth give his Adverfary
warning to defend himfelf from him : But
this fecret Canker the Libeller concealeth
his Name , hideth himfelf in a Corner, and
privily flingeth his Reputation and Credit ,
and he knoweth not how to right himfelf; and
the greater is this Offence , if done to a
pubhek Magiftrate or Minifter of State; for
then it may bring a difturbance to the peace of
the King and Kingdom. And if it be againft a
private perfon , the flaining his Reputation
will caufe him not to be at quiet in Body
and Mind, until he hath found his Enemy ,
which many times may lie fo fecretly hid ,
that he cannot be difcovered ; and then pro-
bably one innocent ( upon fome fufpicion or
other ) may come to fufter for it. Some-
times the malicious Defamer poureth forth
his poyfon in writing, by a Scandalous Book,
Ballad , Epigram , or Rhime, near the place
where the party fo abufed doth moll cor>
verfe. In which cafes the Law hath provi-
ded that the party delinquent ( when he is
found out and difcovered ) ihall be feverely
punifhed ; for he may either be Indicted by
the ordinary Courfe of the Common Law ;
and if it be an exorbitant Offence , then by
Pillory , lofs of Ears , Whipping, f Sc. or the
party grieved may have an Action upon the
Cafe againft the Offender, and recover his
Damages : And in this it is not material
whether the Libel be true or falfe , or the
party lcandalized be al ive or dead , or be
of a good or ill Name ; yet our Laws are
fo made as to punnifh him, and fuch like
men, by a due Courfe of Juftice.

And

Chap VI.

Of Earls.

And to conclude this matter concerning
Wrongs done to the Name and Dignity ot
a Nobleman , this may be added , That it
is ufual for any perfon to ufurp the Arms
of another. Further , if a Nobleman's Coat-
Armour and Sword of other Gentleman's
bearing Arms at the folemnizing of their
Funerals , is fet up in the Church for the
Honour of the deceafed , and is by the co-
vetoufnefs of the Incumbent that pretend-
eth right thereunto , as Offerings due unto
him, afterwards taken down ; or if they be
defaced by any other , fuch are to be fe- I
verely punilhed as Malefactors ; And in that I
cafe the Action jhaJl not be given to the I

Widow , though die be Executrix or Admi-
niftratrix of her Husband's Goods ; for fuch
things which ferve for the Honour of the
party deceafed , are not to be accounted in-
ter bona TeSlatoris. And the Heir mall
have his Action as the Defender of his
Anceftor's Honour: But the wrong is offered
to the Houfe and Blood , and therein fpeci-
ally to the Heir , qui eft totius genitura
fplendor; and therefore to him accrueth
the right of Action ; for fo it is reported
by Sir "John Fern in his Glory of Generoji-
ty,fol.g]. that the Lady Withers Cafe
in 9 Edw. 4. 14. hath been adjudged.

rlairl //

'Ju/il t.: j

"nftO rir; 2 i vsb
irtisVi s'ir gnituei
I :» yiobiatb riijfij
! f> ifmsairhiiS 01b

O F

■

Part II.

O F

VISCOUNTS.

CHAP. VJI.

TH E next Degree of Honour to
an Earl is a Vifcount , which
was anciently a Name of Of-
fice under an Earl ; who being
an immediate Officer of the
King's in their County , for that their per-
fonai attendance was oft-times required at
the Court , had his Deputy to look af-
ter the Affairs of the County , which at this
day is an Office , and called a Sheriff, re-
taining the Name of his Subftituticn ; m
Latin therefore called Vicecomes. But about
the Eighteenth of henry the Sixth it be-
came a Degree of Honour, who conierred

this Title upon John Lord Beaumont by
Letters Patent.

A Vifcount is created by Patent , as an
Earl; hath a Hood, Surcoat, and Mantle,
which hath on it two Guards and a halt or
white plain Furr, without Ermins j And his
Coronet is only pearled with a row of Pearls
clofetotheChaplet.

He hath .the Title of the Right Honou-
rable and truly Noble, or Potent Lord: He
may have a Taverefs in his own Houiejand
his Vifcountefs may have her Train born up by
a Woman out of her Superior's prefence,
and in their prefence by a Man.

o F

Atckiaftme/iig of Irish I? duriuTts

\\\

\rhe ntjfowable fharf&Z? * Fan-fax.

} i/co-untH mala m -the Idnqd crtne erf
I rein a & •

TheJiyhtB.zi'erend. Fatlier in. Golllenry Conwlujlj
by D wine yermijsioriLoniBtfwv qf-London,I)ejm&
ofku MUChapgeT, undone of $ Lords of His mo flHo n,
pray dmuM/hvAents y ■li t ffen.jamzsl,drleoflforthaii^:

ThcJkqhtEa^erulFaAerm.CrcdNathanidCrew,lw divine
permifswn.Zord£flwpofI)urhnm,Clerk oftkeC^fetc-
talus Md v .andone.qftheZords ojhis moJtSonprwy
(hunceRifontoSlQlo'^IohnjfCrevj Haron of S team,.

TheRig ktHeiserenitFather in GocLIohnPearfon
by Dunne. pirm.ifsum. LorcLHifkojP of Cfie/hr.

The Right Reverend Fadier m(hd Jeter (junninj by
Divnie perrm/fun Lord 2nshzf fff Ely.

!!lf

, 11 1

H 1

■

Z]fe Ha'ennS FatJierni^od Gilbert Sheldon bij
Dwtne frouidence Lei-? Arch=E>ifkop of
C anterl'urpPrimat? St Metropolitan of aU £.nt]Ijrt3,
Irene of t Lards of his MOf most Men™ fri.
CevneeS.

frwt/

The most Soever end lather m trod I~ichard $ terne 1
Divine trouidence Lord Archbishop of ' tforlt,
Irimattiind Ketrepolitanz of England •Sccf

The Htgffi fLoeereni Father in god JJsimfret/
Jfmchman by Biyme permifsion J^ord mshop ef ■

London, it rmd Almoner to his MaV, 4 mie'of 1/
lords ' eflm Ata'^it/oftXJiif'f'r/i'i/ Ceuneeif & e

T he Kigtit Re ver end Father in CrcrdJ'et/i
ir/Diume jrermifsionLordBiphop of furum Qr
dhancellor of ihx moji noble order of y darter Src\

I! ■

10 :

ru i
o.v

riif

io ■

OF THE

Lords Spiritual

0 . i L

C H A

P. Vlli.

ACCORDING to the Laws
and Cuftomes of this Realm, ma-
ny are the Ecclefiaflical Dignities
and Priviledges belonging to the
Bifhops and Clergy men,who in all
fucceeding Ages have been reverenced with
the grcateft obfervance imaginable , as being
acknowleded by all good Chriftians to be
thofe Meffengers fent , and particularly- ap-
pointed by God to take care of our Souls.

The Subjects of En^Lmd are either Clergy
or Laymen , both which are fubdivided into
Nobility and Commons. Thus we find in
our Parliament the Lords Spiritual and Tem-
poral make the Upper Houfe ; the Commons
Spiritual, vizAxo. Clergy elected to fit in Con-
vocation (_ who once had place and furTrage in
the Lower Houfe of Parliament ) and the
Commons Temporal, viz. the Knights and
BurgelTes make the Commons.

Moft evident it is, by the Confent of all the
Councils , Fathers , Hiftories , and Univerfal
Tradition, That for the firft Fifteen hundred
years continuance of Chriftianity , there is no
Example to be found of any Church governed
by any Authority Ecclefiaftick but thatofEpif-
copacy ; they were ordained by the Apoftlcs
thcmfelves to be their Succeflors in Chrift's
Church , to have a vigilant eye over the Pa-
ftors and Teachers uncier them, as to their
Lives and Doitrine , for the prefervation of

Truth arid Peace, the prevention of Scandal,
fuppfeilion of Herefie and Schifm,and to have
a care of their Flock, to bring them to Salva-
tion. 'Tis not therefore without reafon that
in all times they have been the firft of the two
Divifions of the people, the Clergy and Laity ^
and as Spiritual Barons take place of Tempo-
ral ; they take their name from the Saxon word
Bifcoef, a Super-intendent or Overfeer.

They are three ways Barons of the Realm,
viz. by Writ, Patent,and Confecration. They
precede all under the Degree of Vifcounts,and
are always placed upon the King's right hand
in the Parliament Houfe. They have the Ti-
tle of Lords, and Right Reverend Fathers in
God : And their Sees , by the piety of former
times, are endowed with fair Revenues for the
due adminiftration of what belongs to their
places: And to keep them from corrupt and fi-
nifter affections , the King's moft Noble Pro-
genitors , and the Anceflors of the Nobility
and Gentry , have fufficiently endowed the
Church with Honour and Pofleffions.

Many Priviledges and Immunities were like-
wife granted to them, and the Clergy, by the
Saxou and Daniflj Kings; as coyning of
Money, conferring the Order of Knighthood,
&c. which hath been long fince appropriate
to the Crown. Thus Lanfranck, Archbifhop
of Cinterbury , made William the Second
Knight in the life time of his Father.

■

4 6

Of Bjfbofs.

Part II.

Of PrMledges remaining, fome belong to
to the Archbilhcpsjlbme to the Biihops,as they
are feu and lome to them, and all other of the
Clergy." It*, r - '

We read ol three Archbilhopricks in England j
before the Saxons came amongft us ; w#.that
of London, Tort , and Carleon upon cVj-^f : j
But Cbriflijtniry being thence expelled by the
Pagans, the lucceilion of thofe Sees ceafed ,
till it pleafed God to reflore the Light of
his Golpel to the blind Saxons Q which in this
Kingdom had planted thejnfelves ) by the Mi-
nillration of St. A/tgu'ftin, who firft preached
Salvation to them at Canter bury, and was there
buried, for whole fake they removed the E-
pifcopal See from London unto Canterbury; and
inprocefs of time placed another Archbilhop at
Jorb ; which two Provinces included England
and Wales, and have Five and twenty Biihops
under them, Six and twenty Deans of Cathe-
drals and Collegiate Churches, Sixty Arch-
Deacons, Five hundred forty four Prebenda-
ries, many rural Deans, and about Ten thou-
fand Rectors and Vicars of Parilhes.

The Archbilhop of Canterbury was anci-
ently the Metropolitan of England, Scotland,
Irelaud,and the liles adiacent ; and was there-
fore fometime ftyled a Patriarch, and had fe-
veral Archbilhops under him : His ltyle was,
Alter tits orbts ''Papa, f£ orbts Britannic! Ton-
tifex : The Date of Records in Ecclefiaft ical
Affairs ran thus , Anno 'Tontificatm rtqftri
primo,f$c. He was Legatus Natns; which pow-
er was annexed to that See near One thoufand
years ago, whereby no other Lcgat or Nun-
tio from Rome could exercife any Lcgantive
power without the King's fpecial Licence. In I
General Councils he had place before all other
Archbilhops at the Pope's right Foot: Nor was
he refpeifted lefs at home than abroad, being
according to the pra<£hfe of moft other Chri-
stian States, reputed the fecond perfon in the
Kingdom , and named and ranked before the
Princes of the Blood.

By the favour of our prefent King he ftill en-
joys divers confiderable preheminences ; as
Primate and Metropolitan of all England;
hath power to fummon the Arch-bi/hop of
Tori , and the Bifliops of his Province to a
National Synod; is primus far Regui , pre-
ceding not only Dukes , but all the Great
Officers of the Crown , next to the Royal Fa-
mily. He is ftyled by the King, Dei Gratia
Archiopifcopus Cantnarii: Writes himfelf
Divina'Providentia, as doth the Archbilhop
of Tork ; (_ other Biihops write Divina per-
miffionc :) and hath the Title of Grace given
him, ( as it is to Dukes;) and Moft Reverend
Father in God.

His Office is to Crown the King; and where-
foever the Court (hail happen to be.'tis faid the
King and Queen are Speaales Domeftici Ta-
rochiani Domini Archiepifc. Cant. The Bi-
ftop of London is accounted his Provincial j

Dean; the Bilhop of Winchefter his Chancel-
lor ; and the Bilhop of Rochefter his Chaplain.
He hath the power of all the probate of Wills,
and granting Letters of Administration where
the party hath bona notabih.t , that is Five
pounds worth , or above, out of the Diocefs
wherein he dieth ; or Ten pounds worth with-
in the Diocefs of Loi/duu. By Statute of
Hen. 8. i £. he hath power to grant Licences
Dispensations, &c. and holds divers Courts of
Judicature ; -viz. his Courts of Arches, of Au-
dience , his Prerogative Court, and his Court
of Peculiars : And he may retain , and va-
line eight Chaplains , which is more by two
than a Duke can do.

The Arch-bifhopof Tork was alfo Legatus >
Natus, and had-that Authority annexed to his
See. He had all the Biihopricks of Scotland
under his Province till the year 1470. He hath
the place and precedency of all Dukes, not of
the Royal Blood, and of all great Officers, ex-
cept only the Lord Chancellor, or Lord Keep-
er. He hath the Title of Grace, and Moft
Reverend Father in God: He hath the Ho-
nour to Crown the Queen, and to be her per-
petual Chaplain. He is alfo ftyled Primate of
England, and Metropolitan of his Province.
He hath the Rights of a County Palatine over
Hcxam/hire in Northumberland. He may
qualifie Chaplains ; and hath divers other Pre-
rogatives which the Archbilhop of Canterbu-
ry hath within his own Province; but Durham
being one , hath in many things a peculiar Ju-
rifdiction, exempted from the Archbilhop.

Vriviledges belonging to the Bi-
fiopf are as folloipeth.

IN their own Court they have power to
judge and pafs Sentence alone , without
any Colleague, which is not done in anv other
Court : And therefore the Biihops fend forth
their Citations in their own Names, not in the
King's,asthe Writs in other Courts run. They
may depute their Authority to another ( as
doth the King ) either to their SufFragan-Bi-
fliops , their Chancellors , Commilfanes , or
other Officers, which none of the King's Judg-
es can do. In whatever Prince's Dominions
they come, their Epifcopal Dignity and De-
gree is owned ; they may confer Orders,
Whereas no Lay-lord is acknowledged but in
the King's Dominions, who gave him theTitle.
None of them can be Indicted of any Crime
before a Temporal Judge, without efpecial Li-
cence from the King : A fevere penalty to be
inflicted on them that raife any Scandal or
falfe Report. In a Tryal where a Bilhop is
Plaintiff or Defendant, the Bilhop may, as well
as any Lay-lord , challenge the Array, if one
Knight at leaft be not returned upon the Jury.
In Criminal Tryals for life , all Bifliops are to

Chap. V ill.

be try ed by their Peers, who are Barons, and
none under that Degree to be impanelled : but
ancient'y they were exempted from any Try-
al by Temporal Judges. In Parliament they
may Vote in any thing,but in fentence for Life,
orlofs of Member, they being by Common
Law to abfent themfelves; and by Common
Law to make Proxies to Vote for them. They
are freed from all Arrefts, Outlawries, Diftref-
fes, &c. They have liberty to hunt in any of
the King's Forelts or Parks, to take one or two
Deer, coming or going from the King's Pre-
fence ; and to have Wine free from Impoft,®f.
Their Perfons may not be fcized for Contempt
but their Temporalities only ; and their word
only is to be taken, and their Certificate al-
lowed in the Tryal of Baftardy, Herefie, &c.
And filch refpedt has been fhewed their Per-
fons, that an Offence by a Clergyman to his
Bifhop is called Efifcopicide, and punillied as
Paracide, equal to petty Treafon.

Every Bifhop may qualifie as many Chap-
lains as a Duke : They are all Barons and Peers
of the Realm , and have place in the upper
Houfe of Parliament, as afore noted, and take
place according to Seniority of their Confecra-
tion, except London, 'Durham, and Winche-
ster , who precede by Statute made in the
Reign of King Henry the Eighth.

It will not be amifs to fpeak fomewhat of
the Immunities common to all Ecdefiafticks ,
as well Commons as Lords Spiritual, as fol-
, loweth.

All Suffragan Bifhops, Deans, Archdeacons,
Prebends, Re6tors,and Vicars have priviledge,
fome by themfelves, others by proxy,to fit and
vote in the lower Houfe of Convocation.

No Subfidy or other Tax can be impofed up-

on them without their own confent. No Cler-
gyman may be compelled to undergo any per-
lonal Service in the Commonwealth , nor to
ferve in the Wars , or to bear arty fertile Of-
fice. They are free from the King's Purvey -
ors, Carriers, Polls, t$c. for which they may
demand a protection from the King, cum clan-
Jul inolumus. They are not obliged to appear
at the Sheriffs Turns orViews of Frank pledge,
nor are impanelled to ferve upon Inquefis at
A/Iizcs orelfcwhere. If a Clergyman acknow -
ledge a Statute, his Body lhall not be taken
thereupon; for the Writ runs , Si Laicils fit,
(Sc. Their Goods are difcharged from Tolls
and Cuftoms ( ft ?;on exerceant MerchandizaS
deeifdemf) but they mull have the King's
Writ to difcharge them.

As the Clergymen arc exempted from the
Wars, being by reafonof their Funciion, they
are prohibited the wearing a Sword ; fo every
man in the order of Priefthood is debarred the
Order of Knighthood of the S\vord,aim eomm
militia fit contra mundum camem S) diabolum,
faith Sir John Fern; yet laying afide their
Cures, and alfo lying themfelves to a fecular
' life, they have been admitted. Dei natalin
(faith Matth. Tarn') Johannem de Gatefden
clericum 8) mult is dit latum beueficiis , fed
omnibus refignatk , quia fic ofortuit, Balthco
cinxit militari. Thefe, and many other
Rights, Liberties, and Priviledges belong to
the Clergy of England, all which the King at
his Coronation folemnly fwears to preferve to
them : And they have been confirmed by a-
bove Thirty Parliaments ; and if any Ac! be
made to the contrary, it is faid to be Null by
the Statute of the ^th of Edward the Third.

O F

CHAP. IX.

A MONGST the Nobles and Ho-
/% nourable Perfons, Barons have the
A— « next place. And firft,of the Dig-
/ BL nit y ancl degrees of a Baron in
general : Secondly,of the Etymo-
logy of the Name : Thirdly, of the Antiquity
thereof, and of the divers ufes in former A-
ges: Fourthly, of the Divifion , andtheconfi-
dcrationof the feveral kinds of Barons : And
laftly, a Declaration of the divers and fundry
Priviledges allowed them, and the reft of the
Nobles , by the Laws of this Realm.

The Definition or Defcription
of a Baron,

r T is a certain Rule in Law , Definitiones
I in jure [unt periculofiffima; earmn eft enim
nt non fniverti foffitnt ; and therefore I do
not often find any Definition or Defcription of
a Baron delivered by Writers: neverthelefs in
this our Kingdom , it is my Opinion , that
a Baron may be defcribed in a generality , an-
fwerable unto every fpecial kind thereof in
this manner.

A Baron is a Dignity of Nobility and Ho-
nour next unto the Vifcount : And the Books
of Law do make a difference between Dukes,
Marquifles, Earls, and Vifcounts, which are
allowed Names of Dignity, and the Baron ;
for they affirm, That fetch a Baron need not
to be named Lord or Baron by his Writ ; but

the Duke, Marquifs, Earl, or Vifcount, ought
to be named by their Names of Digni-
ty-

Cambden, fol. i6oz. faith, 'That our Com-
mon Laws do not allow a Baron one of the
Degrees of Nobility : But I take it to be
underftood of Barons by Tenure , or Barons
by Writ only : For the Title of a Baron by
Patent is in his Letters Patents under the
Great Seal of England adorned by the name
of Status, Gradus, Digiutas; and therefore
is requifite to be named : And fuch Dignities
are a parcel of the Name of the Polielior, as
well as the Title and Style of a Duke, Marquifs,
Earl, or Vifcount. And although there may
be conceived this Difference laft mentioned
between the Baron by Tenure or Writ, and the
Baron by Patent ; yet they being all Members
of the higher Houfe of Parliament , they are
thereby equally made Noble , Honourable ,
and Peers of the Realm, as they are Barons ,
without any other diftindion.

The Etymology of the Name of
Baron.

MAny Writers have laboured to place the
Etymology and fignification of this
word , wherein Q following too much their
own Fantafies) they have bred much variati-
on of Opinion. As for Etymology of words,
I agree with him that faith it is, Levis &fil-

Jt^ZZW7l£7Z& of BofmdS , Ffftioy

%y4±chjj^cmcrvts of J3aro ns

Folio 4. 8

V^on. of Truro in. Com^amLcneofyl""^
'V*" MZno/a/onMLmbU Privy LUinftH*.

■ a

Chap.lX.

Of Barons.

lax & p/eriimque ridicule ; for ftepenumcro
ubi pruprietas verbonim attendtlur fenjus
■vcrnas amittitur. It may leave fornc ufe,
and ferve turn in Schools , but it is too
light for Judgment in Law , and for the
Seats of Jufuce. Thomas Aquinas fettcth
dow n a more certain Rule , In vocibus vi-
dendum, nou tarn a quo qtum ad quid fuma-
tur; and words mould be taken fenfu cur-
rent! ; for Ufe and Cuftome is the beft Ex-
positor of the Laws and Words, quern penes
arbitrium eft , & jus , ® norma loquendi ,
in the Lord Chancellor's Speech , in the
Cafe Tofinati , fol. 61. And forafmuch as
the word may aptly be applyed to import
men of ftrength, Brattou (as before appear-
eth) not unaptly ufeth the Signification there-
of in thefe words, Sunt S> alii fotentes fub
Rege qui diaintur Baroncs, hoc eft robur
belli.

The Antiquity of the Dignity
of Barons 3 and the fundry
ufes of the Name,

IT feemeth that the Dignity was more an-
I cient than the Name ; for in the ancient
Conllitutions there is no mention made of the
name of Barons ; howbeit, the Learned In-
terpreters do underftand that Dignity to be
comprehended under thofe which are there
called Valvaferes Majores,smd afterwards cal-
led Capitanei'. For of the Valvafors, which
are thought to be the Barons Valvafores Mi-
nor es , and Valvafini , or Valvafores Mini-
mi. The like Dignity (before the Conqueft)
had thofe which of the Englijh-Saxons were
called Tbaines. Mills, fol. 28. faith, Barons
were in France from the beginning ; never-
thelefs , the name of Baron was not much
ufed in this Kingdom until the Norman Con-
queft , after which the word Baron feemeth to
be frequently ufed inftead of Thame amongft
the Euglijli-Saxons : For as they in general
and large Signification did fometimcs ufe the
fame to the fenfe and meaning,and import of a
Freeman , born of a Free Parentage, or fuch
like : So did the Normans ufe the word Baron,
and therefore called their beft efteemed Towns
and Boroughs by the name of Barons : And
fo the Citizens of London were called Barons
Loudonui;divets ancient Monuments of whom
alfo Britan. maketh mention, fol. 272. G>
lib. 5. cap. 14. Alfo there are divers Charters
wherein mention is made of fuch like Barons.
And the Barons of Warwick in the Record of
Dome/day: and unto our time, the Free Bur-
gelfcs of the Five priviledged Ports ; and for
.that alfo divers of the Nobility of Barons , as
well Spiritual as Temporal , did in ancient
time fit in the Exchequer to determine the

matters there arifirig. The . Judges of that"
Court have been, time out of mind, called Ba-
rons of the Exchequer. And William de la
Toole was created a Baron by Ring Edward
the Third, and made Lord Chief Baron ot the
Exchequer. . ...

Moreover, as the Englift Saxons had two
kinds of Thames, the like hath been obferved
as touching Barons; for the King, and the
Monarchs of the Realm have their immedi-
ate Barons, being the Peers of the Realm :
And in like manner certain others of the No-
bility , efpecially the Earls which have Ju ■
rifdiclion Palatine, and Earls-Marfhal, whofe
Countries have confined upon the Coalts of the
Enemy,and had under them for their betterde-
fence, a kind of Barons; as namely under the
County Palatine of Chester were thefe Barons,
w/^.theBarons oiHiltoi:,Mowita'e,Molebanct;
Shipbrooke , Malfas , Majfa , KmdertoH ;
Stockport , ®c . The Earldom of •Pembroke be- •
ing rirft creeled by Aruulphus Montgomery that
conquered part of Wales ; and therefore the
Earl thereof being an Earl-Marfhal , had alfo
under him his Barons , as by the Parliament
Rolls 18 Edw, 1. doth appear.

It hath been therefore a common Opinion
received, That every Earldom in times paft
had under it Ten Barons, and every Baron Ten
Knights Fees holden of him ; and that thofe
which have Four Knights Fees were ufually
called and promoted to the Degree of a Ba»
ron.

Alfo Lords and Proprietors of Maniiors
were , in refpecl of them in ancient remem-
brance, called Barons ( but abfolutely ) and
the Courts of their Mannors called thereof
Courts Barons.

It refteth now, for the more explanation of
the ufe of the name ofbarons.that we call to re-
membrance that which hath bin afore fpoken.
That the Cuftome of our Country is, that if
a Baron be created Earl, the eldeft Son of the
faid Earl taketh upon him, in the lifetime of
his Father, the Name and Title of the Baro-
ny, although he want the priviledges belong-
ing to a Baron.

The Tenor and -propr fgnifi-
cation of the word Baron.

BArons Honourable are of three kinds,©/'
by Tenure, by Writ, and by Creation Or
Patent. As for Barons by Prefcription,\\hich
fome men have fpoken of , they are intended
to be all one with the Barons by Tenure , or
thofe whofe Anceftors, time but of mind,havfe
been called to Parliament by Writ ; for other-
wife there are no fuch to be found as Barohi
by Prefcription only,

CHAP.-

5°

Of Barons,

Part 1 1.

CHAP. x.

Barons- by Tenure.

|~) Arons by Tenure are thofe, which do hold
H any Honour,Caftle,orMannor,as the head
of their Barony per Barotuam,v.hkh is Grand
Serjeanty. And thofe Barons by Tenure are
of two forts, Barons Spiritual by Tenure, and
Barons Temporal bv Tenure. Of Barons Spi-
ritual by Tenure fufficient is faid , whereunto
may be added, That it appeareth by all the
ancient Writers of our Law , as Brtttan ,
Glanvde , BraBon , and the reft , that the
Archbifhops and Eilhops of the Realm in the
. ancient S ixons days, as w ell during the time
that the Realm was divided into divers King-
doms, as alfo after the uniting of them into
one Monarchy, were called to Parliament or
Aiiembhes of State as Wifemen ; not fo much
in refpe.fr of their Tenure , for in thofe days
all their Tenures were by a Frank Almoigne ;
but efperially for that the Laws and Counfels
of men are then mofl currant and commenda-
ble, and have a more bleffed Illiie and Succefs,
where they are grounded upon the Law of
God, the Root and Beginning of all true Wif-
dom And therefore our wife and religious
Anceftors called to their General Council, or
Wittei gemote, or Court of Wifemen (as they
called it ) thofe chief and principal perfons of
the Clergy , which by their places and profef-
fions, by their Gravities, Learning and Wif-
dom, might belt advife them what was the
Law of God's acceptable will and pleafure ,
that they might frame Laws anfwerable, or at
leaftwife not contrary and repugnant thereun-
to, lititwiiais td l a.

And touching the Temporal Barons by Te-
nure, mention is made of them in the Books
of Law, Records , and ancient Monuments of
the Realm ; and thefe Baronies were ancient-
ly uncertain , and rentable at the pleafure of
the King. But fuch incertainty was brought
to certainty by the Statute of Magna than a,

chap, i. , , . „ 4 , ,„ .,. .., ,

Bralron doth make exprefs mention of Ba-
rons Temporal by Tenure ; it lhall be needful
here again to remember the former ailertion
of Br ait on, That the head of a Barony de-
fcending to Daughters Ihould not te divided
by partition , which argueth likewife the Te-
nure of Barony. But let us defcend to other
Authority, viz,, the Book-Cafe in the 48 Edw.
l. fol. jo.Sir Ralph Everdon's Cafe; by which
Cafe of Law 'tis moft evidently pio\ed that
there are Barons by Tenure, which in regard
of fuch their Tenure, ought to be fummoned
to Farliament. And furthermore, That there
were or are Barons by Tenure, read the Sta-

tute of Weffmmflcr z. cap. 41. where the Fees
of the Earl-Marihal and the Lord Chamber-
lain are expreii'ed , which are to be taken Ly
them upon the Homage done of every Baron
by Tenure, whether the baron holdetli by a
vvhole barony, or by a lels.

But here arifetii a Queliion ; If a Baron by
Tenure alien and grant away the Honour, Ca-
ftle, and Mannor uolden by Barony , whether
fhall fuch Alien or Grauntee take upon him the
State, Title, and Dignity of a Baron, or not'
Or yi hat lhall become of fuch Dignity of Ba-
ronage after fuch Alienation and Grant made?
They which do deny that there are any fuch
Baronies by Tenure, doufe thefe as their prin-
cipal Motives or Reafons: Firtt , If there be
any Baronies by Tenure , then the Alienee or
Grantee of fuch Honour, Calile, and Mannor
lb holden, muit ho d by the fame Tenure that
his Grantor or Feoffer before held ; but that
wasbyEarony, therffore fuch Crantee muit
hold by Barony : And if fuch Grant or Alie-
nation be made to perfons Vulgar or Ignoble,
then ihould fuch Tenure be made Nolle,v, Such
were very abfurd, and full of incom emencj ;.or
Ornanda potius eft 'iigkitati ('o nus, quam ex
domo digmtas , utemme embus qmsrenda eft,
abut honeftanda. Millestereratton. j. Second-
ly, It is very evident and manife,(tthat many
ancient Maniiors, which in old time were hol-
den by Baronage, and were the head of baro-
nies , are now in the Tenures of mean Gen-
tlemen, and others, who neither may, nor do
challenge unto themfelves in any refpecT: here-
of any Nobility , without the great favour of
the King's moft Excellent Majeiiy , who is the
Fountain of all Honour within his Dominions.
Thirdly, Some ancient Earons there are that
have aliened and fold many of thofe Caftles
and Manners which did bear the Name and
Dignity of Baronage; and yet themfelves do
ftill retain, and lawfully keep their Eftate ,
Dignity and Degree of Baron, and have been,
and ufually are,luch Alienations notw,tliiiand»
ing,fummoned neverthelefs to the Parliament,
and there do take and hold their ancient placs
accordingly.

To thefe Objections it fhall be convenient,
for the more eafie unfolding the ftate of this
Qjefiion, to exhibit certain neceifary diilincTi-
ons, and upon them to draw true and infalli-
ble Concluhons ; and then to prove them by
authority of Law, confent of Time, and ma-
nifold Prefidents : which done , the Anfv. er
will be prefently made (as I conceive) to eve-
ry of theaforefaid Objections.

Firft therefore, If a Baron by Temire,wl i-h
holdeth anv Caftle, Honour, or Mannor by ba-
ronage, do' Alien, or give the fame aw ay, he
doth it either with or v ithout a Licence ob-
tained from his Majefty for the fame- If he
doth it without a Licence, then the Concision
is certain. Eutbv the Law? of this Realm the
Barony, Honour,' Caflle, 01 Mannor fo ahered

with-

Chap.X.

Of Barons.

without licence or cbnfent, is forfeited ; and
the fame Honour, Caftle, and Mannor ib hol-
den by Barony, and fo aliened, isto»be feized
in the King's hands ; and the laid Forfeiture ,
and fuch Dignity and Ellate no longer to be
born and continue , but to be refumed and ex-
tinguilhed in the Crown, from whence it was
derived.

The reafon therefore is notable, if we call
to remembrance that which was formerly
alledged out of Bracion , That Baronies are
the ftrength of the Realm, and fuffer no divi-
fion, they fuffer alfo no alienation without the
confent or licence of the Sovereign Monarch ;
for fo Ihould the Realm be infeebled , and bale
perfons ennobled without defert of Vertue or
Prcwefs : For where the thing fo aliened is an
Honour or Head of a Barony,it differed', much
from the ordinary Tenure in Capite, whereof,
if the Tenant make Alienation without Li-
cence, he is only to pay a Fine by the Statute
of i Ediv. 3. cap. 1 z. w hereof alfo before the
making of the Statute, there was diverfity of
Opinions at the CommonLaw after the Statute
of Magna Charts , cap. And' for further
proof fee Glvivile.

In Edward the Third, certain Lands being
parcel of the Barony of Bremberway were a-
liened by William de Bro-zvfe the Baron there-
of, without the King's Licence , and in the
Argument of the Cafe concerning the fame,
Judge Green delivered this for Law. Firft ,
That parcel of a Barony or Earldom of the
King in chief cannot be aliened or difmem-
bred without his Licence; and if it be,it mall be
feized into the King's hands as forfeited, and the
King (hall be feized thereof in his own right
again. In 43 Ediv. 3. it was found by an
Office , that William Bilhop of Chefter had
leafed unto one "John Treflon, for his Life, a
Mannor which was parcel of the Mannor of
the laid Bilhoprick without Licence , and it
was refolved by the Judges, and others of the
King's Council , That the lame was forfeited;
but by mediation of the laid Council the Bi-
fliop fubmitted himfelf to the King, and made
a Fine, andfeveral Scire jR/r/Vw's ilfued out a-
gainft them that had received the many pro-
fits, to anfwer unto the King thereof. And
thus much concerning Alienations of Baronies
without Licence.

But on the other part, ifa Baron by Tenure
who holds any Honour, Calile, or Mannor by
Barony, do grant or alien the fame by Licence,
I mult again diftinguiih: for either fuch Alie-
nation is made for the continuance of his Ba-
rony, Honour, Lands, and Tenements in " his
own Name, Blood, and Ilfue Male; or elfe the
fame Alienation is made for Money or other
Recompence,or otherwife to a meer Stranger:
and hereof enfueth this fecond Conclufion or
Allertion , That if fuch Alienation be made
for the continuance of his Barony in his Name
and Blood, or Ilfue Male fas man v have made

, 5 1

the like ) then may fuch lilue Male, together
with the Barony ( be it Caftle , Honour , or
Mannor fo holden) hold , and lawfully enjoy
the Name, Style, Title and Dignity of a Ba-
ron.

Moreover concerning the fecond Objeclfonj
It is very true that many ancient Mannors
winch were in times pall holden by Barony ,
are now in the hands of Gentlemen, mean and'
ignoble by blood, who neither do.or may claim
any Nobility or Honour thereby. But there
hath been fome former Gifts made by the
King's Progenitors to fuch as they honoured in
augmentation and fupport of their Honour,
and for honourable Services, mould thus come
to the hands of mean perfonages, are twofold :
Firft, For that fuch Mannors have been alien-
ed by Licence unto fuch perfons before fpoken,
of whom fuch Polfe/Iions alone cannot make
Noble. Secondly, And that was ufually fuch
Mannors as were in ancient time holden by Ba,
rony, that have upon divers occafions come to
the Crown, were extinct ; and after the fame
Lands were given or conveyed to others, re-
ferving other Services than'thofe which a't the
firft were due for the fame, fo that it was no
marvel that fome Mannors anciently holden by
Barony, or other honourable Service, fliould
now be holden in Soccage , or by other mean
Tenure.

As to that « hich was thirdly ObjecT:ed,That
fome ancient B arons there are which have ali-
ened and fold away thofe Caftles and Mannors
of which they have and do bear the Name and
Dignity, and yet flill themfelves do retain and
lawfully keep the Dignity and Degree of a
Baron , and have been, and are called to Par-
liament notwithftanding fuch alienation.

To that I Anfwxr, That it is true; but it
proveth nothing againft the former Refoluti-
on, and therefore for better fatisfadion of this
point, it is to be confidered , that either fuch
Barons are original Barons by Writ, or Ba-
rons by Tenure. Barons by Writ ( in this re-
fpe<a now in hand) are of two kinds; for ei-
ther in fuch Writ whereby they are, or their
Anceftors were firft fummoned, they were on-
ly named by their own Names , or' elfe there
was addition given them of the principal place
of their abode, which was done for diftincli-
on fake, either to fever them from fome ho-
nourable perfon of the fame Name ; or elfe to
give them fuch honourable Title by addition
of the place, which place notwithftanding was
not holden by Barony: And therefore if fuch a
Baron do alien away that place which was an-
tiently his Seat,he may neverthelefs retain his
honourable Title , no refpecl had of fuch
place.

But if a Baron by Tenure do alien away the
Honour, Caftle, or Mannor holden by Barony
unto a mean perfon not capable of Honour,and
by fufficicnt Licence fo to do • and after the A-
lienor which made fuch Alienation, be called
G * 6|

s 11

Of Barons.

5 2

bv Writ to Parliament under th^fid.ej or as I
a Baron to fuch Honour, Callle, or Manner lo |
aliened that away which he held by Barony.
But thenceforth,' alter fuch Writ ot Summons
he is become a Baron by Writ luch A henati-
on notwithftanding, forafmuch as the Writ di-
recteth at the pleaiurc of the Prmce.doth give
unto him that Addition of Name and Digm-

l) And thus much touching the Refolution of
the faid Qudiion, and fatisfadhon oi the laid
Objections, and of Barons by Tenure.

CHAP. XI.

Barons by Writ, which is the
fecond h^nd of Barons menti-
oned in the former Divifion
of Barons.

4 Baron by Writ, is he unto whom a Writ
A of Summons, in the Name of the King ,
is directed, to come to the Parliament appoint-
ed at a certain time and place to be holden ,
and there with his Majefty, the Prelates , and
Nobility,to treat and advife about the weighty-
affairs of the Nation ; which Writ is much to
the effect of the aforementioned Writ in the
Title of Earl, and which kind of Writ is as
well directed to the Barons of Tenure, as by
Creation by Patents: But thofe that are not Ba-
rons by Tenure, nor by Patent, and have only
i; ,-h Writs, after the receipt of fuch Writ ,
and place taken in Parliament accordingly ,
ought to enjoy the Name and Dignity of Ba-

'° Touching the Antiquity of Barons by Writ
only, and the firft inltitution thereof,. I find
little' or no mention before, the Reign of Ring
Jienry the Third ; and therefore I conceive
that either the firft, or at leaft the firft frequent
ufe of fuch Barons was had, and devifed 49
He h. ?. in cafe of neceflity , and upon a com-
mendable occafion: For in the diforder between
the Ring and his Nobility in thofe tronblefome
Wars, where Seditions and Rebellions were
ftirred up by them againft the faid King, there
were many great Battels fought , to the eftufi-
onof much Blood, of which faid Rebellions
the Ri<*ht Honourable Simon Earl of Exeter ,
was Ring-leader for the Defence of their Li-
berties (as pretended ) granted by Magna
Chart a, and Charter of the Forefl (which
are even to this day the principal Crounds of
the nofitive Law.and are the moft ancient Sta-
tutes nowinufeamongftus) And for the de-
fence of other Conltitutions and Ordinances
then made at Oxford '. And after divers Fields

Part IL

fought betwixt them at Northampton,^ Roche-
ficr, Lewes, and other places ; laft of all was
theCataftrophe of that Tragedy finiihed at
Evejhalm or Eafam in Worceprflnre, where
the faid Earl was flain, the King gained the
Victory , and the rebellious Barons received
their overthrow: Upon which prefently enfu-
ed the Parliament holden at llinchejler in
Hantjinre , and afterwards at Weflmmiler ,
where fuch of the Barons as were flain in the
Field againft the King,and fuch others of them
as were taken Prifoners , or made their efcape
by flight, were to be attainted , and disheri-
ted of their Eftates. And the Number of Ba-
rons who had continued faithful unto their So-
veraign heir:; fmall, it was deemed a neceffary
policy, to fupply the number of the diminifhed
Barons with 01 her perfons of known worth,
wiltlom, and repute; by reafon whereof there
were called at thofe Parliaments the Abbots
and Priors of the Realm, as well thofe that
held not by Barons, as others j and divers o-
thers of the moft worthy Laity not holding by
Barony ; and thefe by means thereof were
thenceforth Barons by Writ; but certain of the
faid Abbots and Priors, which held not by Ba-
rony, and thought it a burthen to their Houfes,
got themfelves (upon Petition ) afterwards to
be exempted, as by divers Records thereof re-
maining in the Chancery may appear.

This moreover is to be noted concerning the
Writ of Summons to Parliament, that thofe
Writs in form of their directions are divers ,
fome directed by fpecial Name of Barons , as
Rex, 65ff. Edmmido Baroni de Stafford , Jo-
hanm Baroni de Grayjioci , Johanm Baroni
de Dudley, Ed-wardo Nevill Baroni Al/erga-
veny, as it was in the Reign of King Jams.

Some other are fummoned by Name of the
party, with addition of the place ( as Jo-
hanni Strange de Knocking, Militi , Ed-wardo
Gray de Groby, Militi, johanm le Scroop de
Ma/bam, Militi, iVillielmo Souch de Harring-
worth, Militi) the chief Caftle or Mannor of
fuch Baron, which always ftands afterwards
for the head place of the Barony, whereof the
faid Baron and his Heirs fhal! be furnamed, and
called, and fhall continue that name of place,
although he do alien away the fame, as afore-
faid.) Some others are named with the Title
of Lord , as Sir Hugh Bramfteed, by Writ of
the xjth of Henry the Sixth, was ffyled Lord
Veyfey. '■

fohan. Beanchamf Domino de Beawkamp
"johanm Domino de Clynton. To fome others
the Writ is directed only by their Name, with-
out any addition of place or dignity, as Willi-
am deLovell, Mil. William Devereux, Mil.
(Sc. J
But the Nature, Quality, and Addition of
thofe Barons by Writ is aptly difcovered by the
debate of aQue'ftion moved often amongft men,
and fpoken of concerning the continuance
and defcent of a Barony by Writ ; which Que-

ftion.

Chap XI.

ftion, for the more orderly dilpolition thereof,
1 lhall divide into thefe Heads or Points.

Queftiou.

Firft, Whether a Barony by Writ may de-
le end from the Anceftor to the Heir, or not ?

Secondly, Admit fuch a Barony may dc-
fcend, then , Whether it doth dejeend to the
Heirs, although not fo near as the Heir Fe-
male ?

Thirdly, Admit it doth defend to the Heirs
Female; then, Whether may the Husband of
fuch an Heir Female take upon him the Name,
Style, and Dignity of' fuch a Barony in right
of his Wife, or no ?

Thofe therefore that maintain the Nega-
tive , that fuch a Barony ihall not defcend, do
ftrengihenthemfelves with thefe or the like
Arguments, viz.

The firft Argument, Whether a Barony by
Writ mil} defcend ?

Nobility and Honour , which arc given in
refpedt of Wifdom, Connfel, and Advife, can-
not extend to any other perfon, or defcend
from one man to another j for it is a Rule in
Law , That Trivilegium ferfena ferfonam
fequitiir, f3 extinguitur cum ferfona: But fuch
is the Dignity of a Baron; therefore it is rea-
fon that it Ihould not defcend from the Ance-
ftor to the Heir. '

The fecond Argument.

Again, If the calling of the Parliament by
Writ be the fufficient mitrumental caufe of
fuch Nobility to the Anceftor , the not calling
of the Heir is a lofs of that Nobility : For if
the Heir nave defects of Nature in him, as
Idiotfic, Frenfie, I.eprofie, or the like, where-
by he is become unlit for Counfcls and Con-
ventions , for what reafon lliould he enjoy
that Dignity , whereof he is either unwor-
thy or uncapable ? for the effect hath no place
where the caufe faileth : and hereof they con-
clude that fuch Dignities of Baronies by Writ
Ihould not defcend.

If on the contrary p'Brt, the Affirmation is
thus proved. Honour, which is given in re-
fpect of Wifdom and Vertue of him on whom
it was firft bellowed , is not only a due recom-
peoce for himfelf whilft he lived , but alfo a
memorable Reward thereof to Pofterity. The
words of Cicero to this effect are moll excel-
lent , Homines bonos j'emfer nobilitate favi-
■mus, K quia utile republics eft vobiles ejfe
& homines dignos wajoribus (uis, & quia va-
lere debet afud nos claros hitjufmodi feites fu-
ife, e repubhea mover etnr memoria K moriuo-
rum Honor. Therefore this kind of Honour is
Patrimonial and Hereditary; for things which
are once granted unto a man by the King for

his Honour, are not again to be returned to hit
lofs and difgrace, or to his Heirs.

The fecond Argument.

Secondly, If the Infamy of the Father be
a blot to the Pofterity, as the Wifeman Solo-
mon affirmcth , The Children complain for an
ungodly Father , they are reproved for his
fake ; and for that alfo the Law of the Realm
doth corrupt the blood of the Pofterity by and
upon the Offence of the Anceftor ; Reafon
would alio be, that the Honour of the Ance-
ftor Ihould be likewite Honour to the Pofteri-
ty; for contraries do alio carry their contrary
Reafon.t or the determination whereof 'tis to
be noted, that diverfity of P eafon hath bred'
diverfity of Opinion. Some there are that do
fpeak , That the Dignity of a Baron by Writ
is not difcendable from the Anceftor unto the
Heir,unlefs the Heir be likewife called by Writ
to Parliament , and that then it becorneth an
Inheritance, and not before. But this Affer-
tion is repugnant to the nature of Defcent ,
which for the moll part doth carry aPatrimony
defcendable by act of Law prefently upon the
death of the Anceftor unto the Heir not at all.
Wherefore the Cuftom of the Country, and
the manifeft Prefidents doprove,that this kind
of Baronies doth defcend from the Anceftor to
the Heir , and there needc-th not any word of
Heir in the Writ of Summons; only one
Prefident there is in a fpecial Writ fometime
directed to Sir He my Bromfleet in the zythof
Henry the Sixth, wherein he was ftyled Lo> d
Veyfey, and wherein there are thefe words in-
ferted, Volumus tamen Vos ® haredes veflros
de corf ore -ve fro ligitime enatos Barones de
Veyfey exiftentes. Wherefore it is very true
that when the Heir of any fuch Baron by Writ-
is called to the Parliament, that his Defcent of
Honour is thereby eftablifhed and approved of
by the gracious Judgment of our Sacred So-
vereign : So it is alfo true,that if it fhall ftand
with his Ma'eities pleafure, that fuch an Heir
fhall not be fummoned at all, then that Nobility
is much impaired,and in a manner extfoguiihed
in theceniure/of all men; for that it hath no
other original but by a Writ of Summons ,
from the which by the Judgment of the Su'
pream Sovereign he is excluded.

As to the fecond principal point, Whether
the Barony by Writ may defcend to the Heir
Female, it fhall not be amifs likewife to ihew
the Reafons on either part, that by conflict of
Argument the truth may the better be difco-
vered.

Thofethat maintain the Affirmative part,
do fay, That in reafon the Sex of the Heir Fe-
male ought no more to barr her Dignity, than
the Nonage of the Heir Male ought to barr
him, though during his Nonage he be unable
to do the Service. But as the Service of tile
! one is for time forborn, fo the Sex of the other

may

Of Barons.

mav at all times be fupplied by the maturity of
her" Husbands Offices of Honour , which do
much import the Commonweal , being palled
by Inheritance,do defcend to the Heir Female,
as the Office of the High Conitablefhip of Eng-
land, which defcended unto the Daughter of
Hum. de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Etfex.
Alio the Office of the Lord Steward defcend-
ed to j5/.zv(7j,Daughter of Henry Earl of Lau-
cafler. The like may be faid of the Office of
Earl-Marfhal, which defcended by an Heir Fe-
male to the Houfe of Norfolk. All which Of-
fices are as unfit to be exercifed by a woman,
as for a Woman to be fummoned by Writ to
the Parliament as a Baroncfs,®f.

Many Noble Houfes alfo in England do fup-
port and lawfully bear the Dignity of a Ba-
ronage unto themdefcended by a Woman.

Hie firfi Argument contra.

They which ftand of the Negative part in
this Controverfie , do encounter their Adver-
faries in this manner, viz-. The Writ of Sum-
mons to the Parliament , whereby the Baron
by Writ hath his Original , is to call that Ho-
nourable and Worthy Perfon fo fummoned to
the number of that Right , High, and Ho-
nourable Affembly, and to be a Judge, to fit,
hear, and determine Life and Member, Plea
and right of Land,if there ihall come occafion:
likewife to give Counfel and Advife in the moft
mighty Affairs of the Realm: But thefe
things are convenient for the quality and con-
dition of men ; unfitting, and altogether un-
befeeming the Sex of women.

Ergo, having refpecl unto the fcope and fi-
nal purpofe of fuch Writs, fuch Inheritances
fliould only defcend unto the Heir Female.

The Second Argument contra.

Secondly, If it fliall be anfwered, That al-
though the Heir Female, to whom fuch Inhe-
ritance is defcended, be unfit in her own per-
fon for the accomplifhing of thefe things j yet
fhe may marry with one fufficiently able for
her, and in her behalf to execute the fame.
This Anfwer will neither fatisfie nor falve the
inconveniences: For admit that fuch an Heir
Female were at full Age at the death of her
Anceftor,unmarried ; for it doth lye in her own
choice then whom fhall be her Husband.

The Third Argument contra.

Thirdly, If fuch Husband fliall be called by
the right of his Wife , the Writ fhall make
fome mention thereof; forotherwife it may
well be taken that the Husband was chofen in
his own perfon, and in behalf of himfelf , and
not in regard of his wife , or ,'fuch, pretended
Dignity defcended unto him. But there was
never fuch a Writ of Summons feen wherein

Of Barons.

Part II.

the wife was mentioned. And if the husband
of fuch a wife have been called to the Parlia-
ment (which is always bv General Writ} not
mentioning his wife, he is thereby made a Ba-
ron of himfelf by virtue of the laid Writ.
Hiving thus heard both fides to difpute place,
it doth now require to interpofc Opinion to
compound the Controverfie. This point in
queltion is fomewhat perplexed by means of
difficult Prcftdents : For fkft it is obferved
That fome Prefidents do prove that Baronies
by Writ have defcended unto Heirs Female
whofe husbands have been called to Parlia-
ment , whether in regard of themfelves, or in
refpect of their wives right,it maketh no mat-
ter: but finceitis, that the marriage of fuch
Ladies gave that occa/ion to be fummoned, and
fuch husbands and their Pofterity have and do
lawfully bear the fame Title of Dignity, which
the Anceftors of fuch a wife did before right-
fully bear: For by this Controverfie there is
no purpofe to call the right of fuch Noble Hou-
fes into queftion. Howbeit, Secondly, this is
to be obferved out of the Prefidents , and to
be acknowledged of every dutiful Subject, That
the King's Majefty is neverthelefs at liberty to
call to his High Council of Parliament, whom
he fhall in his Princely Wifdom think ht,which
by his Majeftie's Noble Progenitors have in
former Ages likewife obferved.

And therefore whereas Ralph Lord Crom-
well, being a Baron by Writ, died without If.
fue, having two Sifters and Coheirs, Eliza-
beth the eldeft, who married Sir Thomas Ne-
vile Knight, and Joan the younger, who mar-
ried Sir Humphrey Butcher Knight, who was
called to Parliament as Lord Cromwell, and not
the faid Sir Thomas. Thirdly, It is to be ob-
ferved, That if a Baron by Writ die without
Heir Male , having his Daughter, Sifter, or
other Collateral Heir Male 'that can challenge
the Land of the faid Baron deceafed by any an-
cient entail, or otherwife, the Title of fuch
an Heir Female hath heretofore been allowed ,
as by the honourable Opinions and Relations
of the Right Honourable the late Commiffion-
ers in the Office of Earl-Marfhal, fignified un-
to the late Queen , upon Petition of the Sifter
and Heir of Gregory Lord TDacres deceafed ,
may appear.

Moreover, in the fame Pedigree of the Lord
Hacres it was expreffed, That Thomas, fome-
times Lord Dacres, had iffue Thomas his eld-
eft Son, Ralph his Second , and Humphrey his
third. Thomas, the eldeft, died in the life of
his Father, having iffue Joan Daughter and
Heir, who was married to Sir Richard Fines
Knight , and after Thomas Lord Dacres his
Grandfather , and Father to the faid Ralph
and Humphrey, died ; after whofe death Henry
the Sixth, by his Letters Patents bearing date
at H'eflminfier the Seventh of November , in
the Seventh year of his Reign , reciting the
faid Pedigree and Marriage, aoth by his faid

Letters

Chap XL

Letters Patents accept, declare, and repute
the laid Rt< h ird Fines to be Lord D icres,and
one of the Barons of the Realm, but after-
wards, in the time of Edw ird the Fourth ,
the laid Humphrey D teres, after the attainder
of ihe MdRilgh, and himfelf by an Act of
Parliament, which was the hrlt of 'Edward
the Fourth ; And after the death of the Paid
Ralph, and the Reverfal of the faid Act by
another Act in the Twelfth of Edward the
Fourth, the faid Humphrey made challenge un-
to the faid Barony, and unto divers Lands of
the faid Thomas his Father, whereupon both
parties , after their Title had been confidered
of in Parliament, fubmitred themfelves to the
Arbitrement of King Edward the Fourth, and
entred into Bond eacii to other for the perform-
ance thereof ; whereupon the faid King, in his
Award under his Privy Sed, bearing date at
We/fotinfter the Eighth of April, Aimo Regm
fia deciv-otertio, did Award that the faid Ri-
chard Fines, in the right of Juan h's wife,
and the Heirs of his body by the faid Joan be-
gotten, fhould keep, have, and ufe the fame
Seat and Place in every Parliament, as the faid
Thorn is Dacres Knight, Lord Dacres, had u-
fed and kept j and that the Heirs of the body
of the faid Thomas Dacres Knight, then late
Lord D icres, begotten , fhould have and hold
to them and to their Heirs the Mannor of
Holbeach. And further, That the faid King
Edward did Award on the other part, that the
faid Humphrey Dacres Knight , and the Heirs
Males of the faid Thomas, late Lord Dacres ,
fhould be reputed, had, named, and called the
Lord D icre s of Gille/lmd ; and that he, and
t le Heirs Males of the body of the faid Tho-
rn is, then late Lord Dacres, fhould have, ufe,
and keep the place in Parliament next adjoyn-
ing beneath the faid place, which the faid Ri-
chard Fite.. Kn'ght, Lord Dacres, then had
and occupied.

And that the Heirs of thebodyof the faid
Jo in his wife fhall have and enjoy, and that
the Heirs Males of the faid Thomas Dacres ,
late Lord D icres , mould have to them and
the Heirs Males of their bodies begotten, the
Mannor of JbtbtngtimjtSc, And fonote, thtt
the name of the ancient Barony, namely Gil-
leHand, rema.ned unto the Heir Male to whom
the Land was entailed.

Moreover this is fpecially obferved, If any
Baron by Writ do die, having no other Iffue
than Female, and that by fome fpecial entail,or
other alfurance, there be an Heir Male which
doth enjoy all or great part of the Lands,
Polfeffions, arid Inheritances of fuch Baron
deceafed , the Kings have ufed to call to the
Parliament by Writ, as Baron,fuch Heir Male,
omitting the Husband of the Ilfue of fuch
Heir Female. And this alfo appeareth by a
rotable Controverfie in the time of Henry the
Seventh, between Sir Robert WiQoughiy Lord
Brook, and Richard "Lord Ldttimer , for the

Laronv of/, u timer, which in effect was; The
(aid Lord Brook d.d challenge the. Larony of
LoU utter f asCo.m and Heir ol ELz duhh.s
Creat-grandmother, who was Sifjer and Heir
ot John Nevill Lord Lauiwtr, who died
without lnue: And hereupon exhi: ited a Pe-
tition to Hei.ry the Seventh in i crliamcnt;
w hereunto Richard Lord Eat timer was cal-
led to anfwer, becaufe he then enjo) ed the laid
f itle and Dignity.

The laid Kuhard Lord Lattimer did by his.
Anfwer (hew, That alter the death of the laid
John Nevill Lord Eattimer without Iihie,
the faid ELzateih was his Siller , and next
Heir, and married unto Thomas WdUttghby
Knight, fecond Son of the Lord Wdhughby.
But Henry tiie Sixth, for that the faid John Ne-
vill Lord L utimer was dead without liiue,
and that the next Heir was Female , did
therefore call to the Parliament George Ne-
vill Knight, fecond Son of Henry Earl of
Weflmoreland, to Le Lord Lattimer, as Co-
fin and next Heir Male of the faid John Nevill
Lord Lattimer; which George was Grand-
father of the faid Richard Lord Lattimer, la,
ther of the faid Richard. In debate of w hich
caufe , the Queflion now in hand , namely ,
Whether a Barony by Writ may defend to
the Heirs Female ? was advifedly coni'dered
of by the King and his Nobility in Parliament,
and in the end adjudged with the faid Richard
Lord Eattimer ; which Prefident doth afford
us two Judgments in this joint: And in the
time of Henry the Sixth , when the Writ was
directed to the faid Sir George Ntvill Knight-,
whereby he was fummoned as Lord La: timer
to the Parliament, and as Heir Male, and not
the (aid Thomas WilUMghby Knight, husland
of the faid Elizabeth, Heir Female. And the
fecond Judgment was given in the time of
Henry the Seventh, whereby the faid Barony
was adjudged to the faid Ru hard Lord Latti*
mer, coming out of the fpecial Heir Male,
againft the Lord Brool , defended of the ge-
neral Heir Male.

But here in this Prefidcnt Lefore remem-
bred of the Barony of Dacres, mav be obje-
cted to encounter this ConclulionTir there was
an Heir Female married unto Sir Richard
Fines , who by the Di clararion of King He -
ry the Sixth , was Laron of Dacres in light of
his wife. And there w as alio Ralph and Hum-
phrey, the Heirs Males, before whom the Heir
Female was preferred by the cenfure of Henry
the Sixth , and Edward the Fourth. This
OLjection is ealily anfwered; foralthoigh Hen-
ri the Sixth,through theFrincely favour which
he bore unto Sir kichard Fines, had declared
him to be Lord Dacres in right of his wife ;
vet notwithflanding did Ralph Dacres, being
Heir Male then unto the Lord Dacre',md by
that name was attainted in Parliament Anno
primo Hen. 4.

Where*

Of B.iroiir.

Wherefore the reafon why the Heir Male
could not be regarded was the faid Attainder
of the laid Rafh and Humphrey his brother ;
and therefore when" HktitpBrey in the izth ot
Edward the Fourth, laboured to have the faid
Attainder Reverfed, he fubmitted himfeh to
the Arbitrcmentof the King, who to fatishe
both Competitors , both having deierved oi
him after he had admitted them to his favour,
he allowed one to be Lord Nacres, and the
other to be the Lord Dacres of GiUeJhmd.

And thus much concerning the fecoud
Point, Whether a Barony by Writ
may descend unto the Heir Female.

The third Point.

As concerning the third Point , admitting
fuch Defcent to be to the Heir FemiJe , when
there is no Heir Male that may claim the fame;
for then doth this Queftion take place, Whe-
ther the husband of fuch an Heir Female mall
enjoy the Dignity in right of his wife, or no ?
Wherein we are to reft upon a Refolution had
and given to this fpecial Queftion , which was
in this manner.

In the time of Henry the Eighth, when
Mr. Winby took upon him the ftyle of Lord
Talbou in right of his wife, having no Iffue by
her; The faid King , afiifted both by Civil
and Temporal Lawyers, gave Sentence , That
no husband of a Baronefs, in her right, fhould
ufe that Style and Dignity , until he had by
her a Child, whereby fhe lhould become Te-
nant by Courtefie unto her Inheritance. The
fpecial Reafons that occafioned this Sentence,
were two.

Firft, It mould be convenient for her huf-
band this day to be a Baron and a Peer of the
Realm, and to morrow, by the death of his
wife, to become none, and without the default
of the party.

Secondly, If he had Iffue by wife, and were
entituled to be Tenant by the Courtefie of
England of his wives Lands , if he mall not
alfo bear the Style and Dignity of his Wives
Barony, then mould the Son, after the death
of his mother, dying in the life time of his fa-
ther, be a Baron and Lord without Land ; for
fo the father fhould have the Land as Tenant
by Courtefie, and the Son the Lordfhip with-
out Land. And thus much faid concerning
the Nature, Quality, and Eftate of a Baron by
Writ, and for the Refolution of the feveral
points and Articles of the Queftion propofed,
may fuffiee.

CHAP. XI I.

Barons by Patent, which is ihe
third hj.nd of Barons menti-
oned in the former Divifon
of Barons.

THere is alfo a fourth means of Creation,
vdz. by Acl of Parliament: but the iirit
two mentioned, and this other by Patent, is
moft ufual for the Honour of the King; for
thereby the Donation doth proceed from his
Majefly only, as from the Fountain of Honour:
But when the Creation is by Parliament, the
King ever is one, and may Le laid to be Donor.

A Baron therefore by Creation by reafon of
Letters Patents, is that noble Perfon whom
the King, or any of his Progenitors, Kings of
this Realm, have created Baron by fuch their
Letters Patents, began in the Reign of King
Richard the Second.

This kind of Dignity of a Baron lhall be of
fuch continuance in Defcent, or otherwife, as
mall be limited in the Habendum in fuch Let-
ters Patents contained : for it may be but for
the life of him to whom it is given,or for term
vauter vie, as fome hold Opinion in the j2of
Hen. 6. for cujus eff dare efl diffouere. It
may be in fpecial in our general Tayl; and this
kind of Tayl was ufual before the Statute made
dectmo tertio of Edw. 1 .by which Eftate Tayl
of Lands and Tenements was created, as ap-
peareth by the Patent whereby Hubert de
Burgo was made Earl of Kent in the time of
Henry the Third, by thefe words ; Habendum
fibi @ h£redibus fills de cor fore Margaret £
uxorii ful, (orors Alexandrl Regis Scotia,
procreatls, S fro dcfetlu talis exitus rema-
nere In direBu htcredibns diBl Huberti. And
that Eftates intayl are at this Dav of Ti-
tles of Honour by the faid Statute of Weftmln-
fler the fecond.

Queftion.

Jf a Nobleman and his Progenitors have
for a long time been called to Parliament, and
be a Baron either by Tenure or Writ, and have
had in regard, thereof a place certain in Par-
liament ; if afterwards the [aid Nobleman
Jliould he created a Baron of that Barony, and
by the (ame name by Letters Patents, whether
Jhall he and hit Heirs retain his old flace in
Parliament, which he had according to hu for-
mer Dignity ; or whether ftjall he loje hu old
■flace, and take a new one, according to the time
of his Creation ?

An-

Chap.XU.

Of Barons.

An\wer.

The Cafe of the Lord Delaware lately e-
redted a Refolution fomewhat anfwerable to
this Queftion : Thomas 'Delaware in the third
of Edward the Sixth, being in fome difplea-
fure with William Weil his Heir and Nephew,
who was Father to Thomas late Lord Dela-
ware, and Grandfather to Henry Lord Dela-
ware that Nevis procured by Ait of Parlia-
ment, by which the faid William Weft was ,
during his natural life only, clearly difabled to
claim, demand, or have any manner of Right,
Title, or Intereft by Defcent, Remainder, or
otherwife, in or to the Mannors, Lands , Te-
nements, or Hereditaments, Title and Digni-
ty of Thomas Lord Delaware his Uncle, (Sc.
After the faid Thomas Delaware died, and the
faid William Weft was in the time of Queen
Mary attainted of Treafon by V erdi<ft,but par-
doned by the faid Queen ; and afterwards by
Parliament, in the time of Queen Elixabeth,
was reflored ; and in the fourth year of her
Reign was created Lord Delaware by Patent,
and took place in Parliament accordingly, for
that by the faid Aft of Parliament of Edward
the Sixth, he was excluded to challenge the
former ancient Barony ; and after he died.
Now whether Thomas Delaware (liould take
his place according to the ancient Barony by-
Writ, or according to his Father's Creation by
Patent, was the Queftion. The Opinions of
the late Queens Council , being his Majeftie's
Attorney General and Solicitor , were , That
the acceptance of the new Creation by the faid
William Weft could not extinguifh the ancient
Dignity, for that he had not the ancient Dig-
nity in him at that time of his Creation ; but
the Dignity was by the Aft of Parliament 3
Edw.b. in the ballance of fufpence or confide-
ration of Law , and he thereby utterly difabled
to have the fame during his life, only fo as o-
ther acceptance could not extinguifli that Dig-
nity which he then had not, nor could not con-
clude his Heir, who was not difabled by the
Parliament 3 Edw. 6. to claim the ancient
Barony ; which Opinion of .theirs was feen
and allowed by the then Chief Juftice of Eng-
land, and Lord Chief Baron, and fo fignified
to the Lord Keeper. But this to be noted
by the Reafons made for the faid Refolution ,
though if the faid Sir William Weft had been
Baron, and entituled, and in poffe/Iion of the
ancient Dignity, when he accepted the ancient
Creation, the Law perchance might have been
otherwife; but that remains as yet unrefolved :
Nevcrthelefs the Rule is, Eodem modo , quo
quid conftitllitltr, diffolvititr. But by a Grant
which is but a matter of Fadt , a man cannot
transfer his Title of Honour. And thus much
concerning the Degrees of Barons within this
Realm upon this occafion, for the better un-
derftanding and direction of that which fol-

loweth to be handled. And in this place I
think it not impertinent to mention one Cafe,
which I met with in our Books of Common
Law, concerning the Defcent of a Title of
Honour, whereof the Ancellor had Eftate in
Feefimple j there is a Maxim in the Law,'Po/-
fe/Jiofratrx in feodofacit j'ororemeffe haredem:
But if a man by any of the three means a-
forefaid be created into a Title of Dignity to
him and his Heirs for ever, and fo have lime
by one wife a Son and a Daughter, and hath
alfo a Son by a fecond wife ; afterwards the
Father dicth, and his el deft Son entreth into
all his Father's Inheritances, and alfo enjoyeth
the Titles and Dignities which his Father had,
but dieth without Iliue : In this Cafe the Dig-
nity fhall defcend upon the younger Son;
though he be but of the half blood to him that
laft enjoyed that Name and Title of defcent ,
and fhall not defcend to his Sifter of the whole
blood. And yet in this cafe he fhall only be
her Brother's Heir of all his Feefimple Lands j
and the reafon thereof is, bcc-iukfoffeffio fra-
tris is the name and fole caufe which may
give Title to her, his Sifter, which faileth in
this cafe of Dignity ; for it cannot be faid that
her elder brother was in pofleifion of his Title
of Honour, no more than of his blood ; fo as
neither by his own aft, nor any aft to be done
by any other, did gain more actual polfeffion
(if fo it may be termed) then by the Law did
defcend to him : and therefore the younger
brother may well by the Law make himfelf
Heir unto his Father of the Honour, that he
cannot be heir unto his brother : So that this
word [Polfe/Iion] which is no other than fedu
fofitio , extendeth only unto fuch things of
which a man may , by his entry , or other
adt be polfelfed, and doth require actual pof-
feflion. Coke's third part, 92,,

Having thus much treated concerning the
Creations, and other things incident to the de-
grees of Nobility, I cannot omit fome things
concerning the fufficiency and ability of Eftate,
which the Law doth require to be in every of
them, according to their feveral Dignities.
The Common Law ( which always will deco-
rum and conveniency be obferved, confidefing
the Charges and Dignities appertaining to
thefe Degrees and Dignities , being Office's
of principal Service to the King and R.ealm ,
both in War and Peace ) hath ordered, that
each of them ought to have a convenient Por-
tion and Inheritance in Land to fupport the
faid Dignity , which Supplies are as Sinews
conjoyned in the fame : For in Vertue and Ri-
ches (as Ariflothconfetin\\~) all the old No-
bility confided , and which two Properties
maketh a good Complement; for utilior eft
fapientia cum divitns conjuntla. Therefore
a Knight'sFee which he ought to ha ve isTwen-
ty pounds Land by the year; a Baron's thir-
teen Knights Fees and a quarter; and an Earl's
twenty Knights Fees. For always the fourth
H part

Of Barons.

Part H.

part of each Revenues, which is by the Law
held requifite for the Dignity , fhall be paid to
the King for the Relief. As for Example ; the
Relief of a Knight is five pounds, which is
the one fourth of his Revenue, according to
the Statute of the firft of Edward the Second.
The Relief of a Baron is One hundred Marks,
which is alfo the fourth part of his Revenue.
And the Relief of an Earl is One hundred
pounds alfo , the fourth part of his Revenue.
And it appears by the Records of the Exche-
quer , that the Relief of a Duke amounteth
unto Three hundred pounds. And this is the
reafon in our Books, that every of the Nobili-
ty is prefumed in the Law to have fufficient
Freehold ad fnftinendum nomen& onus. And
to what value thofe ancient Fees in the time
of Henry the Third, and Edward the Fourth,
at this day do amount unto, mod men are not
unskilful in, Coke's [event h fart, 35. And in
Cafes of Decay of Ability, and Eftate, as Se-
iiatores Romani atnoti Senatu, fo fometimes
they are not admitted to the Upper Houfe of
Parliament, though they ftill keep their Title

and Dignity. Sir Thomas Smith de Republic a
Anglorum 22. and by the Statute made 51 Hen.
%.caj>.io. the Lords have their places pre-
ferred after this manner as followed), viz.
Thefe four, the Lord Chancellor, the Lord
Treafurer, the Lord Prefident of the Council,
and the Lord Privy Seal , being Perfons of the
Degree of a Baron or above, are in the fame
Act appointed to fit in Parliament , and in all
Aifemblies and Councils above all Dukes, not
being of the Blood Royal , v iz. the King's
Uncle, Brother, and Nephew. And thefe fix,
viz. the Lord Great Chamberlain of England,
the Lord High Conftable of England,the Lord
Marfhal of England , the Lord Admiral of
England, the Lord High Steward of his Ma-
jefties Houfhold, and the Lord Chamberlain al-
fo of his Majefties Houfhold, by that k£k are to
be placed in all Affemblies of Council after the
Lord Privy Seal, according to their Degrees :
So that if he be a Baron, than he is to fit above
all Barons ; or if an Earl, above all Earls. And
fo likewife the King's Secretaries, being Barons
or Earls, have place above all Barons or Earls.

PRI-

P R I VILEDGES

Incident to the

NOBILITY

According to the

Laws of England.

CHAP. Xlll

WHENa Peer of the Realm,
and Lord of the Parliament,
is to be Arraigned upon any
Trefpafs or Felony whereof
he is indicted , and where-
upon he hath pleaded Not Guilty , the King
by his Letters Patens fhall aflign fome great
and fage Lord of the Parliament to be High
Steward of England for the day of his Ar-
raignment, who before the faid day fhall make
a Precept to his Serjeant at Arms, that is ap-
pointed to ferve him during the time of his
CommilTion, to warn to appear before him
Eighteen or Twenty Lords of the Parliament
( or Twelve at the leaft} upon the fame day.
And then at the time appointed , when the
High Steward fhall be fet under the Cloth of
Eftate, upon the Arraignment of the Prifon-
er, and having caufed the CommilTion to be
read , the fame Serjeant lliall return his Pre-
cept , and thereupon the Lords fliall be called;

and when they have appeared, and are fet in
their places, the Conltable of the Tc-wcr lliall
be called to bring his Prifoner to the Barr, and
the High Steward fhall declare to the Prifoner
the caufe why the King hath aflembled thither
thofe Lords, and himfelf, and perfwade him to
anfwer without fear ; and then he fhall call the
Clerk of the Crown to read his Indictment
unto him, and to ask him , if he be Guilty, or
not: whereunto when he hath anfwered Not
Guilty, the Clerk of the Crown fhall ask him
How he will be tryed, and then he will fay ,
By God and his Teers. Then the King's Ser-
jeant and Attorney will give Evidence againft
him; whereunto when the Prifoner hath made
anfwer , the Conltable fhall be commanded to
receive the Prifoner from the Earr to fome o-
ther place, whilft the Lords do fecretly confer
together in the Court ; and then the Lords
(hall rife out of their places, and confult a-
monglt themfelves, and what they affirm fhall
Ha" be

Priviledges of the Nobility.

Part Si.

be done upon their Honour, without any Oath 1
to be mimllred upon them. And when all, or j
thegreateltpartof them,flrall be agreed, they
Hull retire to their places, and fit down. Then
the High Steward (hall ask of the youngeft
Lord by himfelf , if he that is Arraigned be
Guilty or not of the Offence whereof he is Ar-
raigned, and then the youngeft next lnm, and
fo of the refdue one by one , until he hath
asked them all ; and every Lord Ihall atifwcr
by h.mfelf. And then the Steward ihall lend
for the Prifoner again , who ihall be led to the
Barr.to whom the High Steward ihall rehearfe
the Verdict of the Peers, and give Judgment
accordingly. .

The Antiquity and Original of this kind of
Tryal , by the opinion of feveral Authors , is
grounded from the Statute of Magna Charta,
fo called, not in refped of the quantity, but
of the weight of it. Coke to the Reader be-
fore his eight part , fol. z. cap.zg. beginning
thus, Millus liber homo, ©ft nec (uper eum
ibimus, nec [uper eum mittemus, mfi per le-
gale judicium par turn fiiorum. But I take it
to be more ancient than the time of Henry the
Third, as brought into the Realm with the
Conqueror , being anfwerable to the Norman
and French Laws, and agreeable with the Cu-
ftom Feudalc, where almoft all Controverfies
arifing between the Sovereign and the Vailal
are uyzAper "Judicitimptirimn fiiorum.

And if a Peer of the Realm, upon his Ar-
raignment of Treafon, do Hand mute, or will
not anfwer directly, Judgment mall be given
againft him as a Traytor Convict, and he Ihall
not be preft to death , and thereby fave the
forfeiture of his Lands;for. Treafon is out of the
Statute of Wfpninfier 1. chap. iz. Ed. 4.
3 3. T>yer zoy. But if he be Arraigned upon
Indictment of Felony, he may be mute. _ This
priviledge hath fome reftraint , as well in re-
gard of the perfon, as in the manner of pro-
ceeding. As touching the perfon 5 firft the
Archbiihops and Bifliops of this Realm , al-
though they be Lords of the Parliament, if
the) be impeached of fuch offence , they ihall
not be tryed by the Peers of the Realm , but
by a Jury of Knights , and other fubftantial
Perfons upon their Oaths ; the reafon thereof
alledged is fo much as Archbifhops and Bifliops
cannot pafs in the like cafes upon Peers, for
that they are prohibited by the Common and
Ecclefiaftical Laws to be judged of Life and
Blood. Reafon would that the other Peers
fhould not try them ; for this Tryal ihould be
mutual/orafmuch as it is performed upon their
Honours , without any Oath taken. And fo by
the way you may fee the great refped the
Law hath to a Peer of the Realm , when he
fpeaketh upon his Honour , even in a cafe con-
cerning the life of a man, and that of a Peer;
and therefore ought they much more to keep
their.Words and Promifes in finaller matters,
when they engage their Honour for any juft
caufe or confideration.

Secondly , as touching thefe perfons , no
Temporal Lords, but they that are Lords of
the Parliament, fhallhave this kind of Tryal;
and therefore out of this are excluded the eld-
eft Son and Heir apparent of a Duke in the
life of his Father , though he be called an Earl.
And it was the cafe of Henry Howard Earl of
Surrey , Son and Heir apparent to Thomas
Duke of Norfolk , in 38 Hen. 8. which is in
Brook's Abridgment Treafon,2. Likewife, the
Sop and Heir apparent of an Earl, though he
be called a Lord. And all the younger Sons of
Kings are Earls by birth, though they have no
other Creation ; but fball not be partaker of
thefe or other Priviledges incident to the
Lords of the Parliament.

Thirdly, Thofe that are Barons, and of the
Nobiiit) of Scotland or Ireland, if upon the
like Ortlnce committed mEnglaud ti.ey be ap-
prehended in England , they ihall not have
this Tryal by Peers , no, though they were
born in England; for they received their Dig-
nity from a King of England of other Nations :
But if the ICing of England do at this day cre-
ate one of his Subjects of Scotland or Ireland
an Earl, Vifcount, Baron, or other Peer of this
Realm ; or by his ordinary Writ of Summons
under his Great Seal do call him to the Upper
Houfe of Parliament, and aflign him a place,
and to have Voice free amongli the Lords and
Peers there aflcmbledjhefhall be partaker with
them in all priviledges.

And thus much concerning the reftraint
of the Triviledges in refpetl of the
perfons 39 Ed. 3.

And touching the manner of proceedingdt
appeareth by the faid Statute of Magna Char-
ta, chap. 29. That a Peer of the Realm fhall
be tryed by his Peers only, in cafe where he is
indicted at the King's Suit of Treafon or Felo-
ny ; for the words of the Statute be Nec Ju-
per eum ibimus, &c.

But if any Appeal of Murther or Felony be
fued by any common perfon againft a Peer of
the Realm, he fhall be tryed by common per-
fons, and not by his Peers.

And fo was Fines Lord "Dacres tryed in Ap-
peal of Murther. The Nobility of this Realm
do enjoy this priviledge, That they are not
to be impannelled on any Jury or Inqueft to
make tryal or inquiry upon their Corporal
Oaths between party and party, for they may
have a Writ for their Discharge to the She-
riff.

But it is a Rule in Law , Vtgilantibus non
dormientibits jubveniani jura. For if the
Sheriff have not received any fuch Writ , and
the Sheriff have returned any fuch Lord on
Juries, or in Affize, &c. and they thereupon
do appear, they ihall be fworn ; if thev do
not appear, they fhall lofe their I Hues 35 'Hen.
6. ana in fuch cafe they muft purchafe a Writ

out

Chap XIII. Friviledges of

out of the Chancery reciting their priviledges,
directed to the Juflices before whom fucli No-
ble perfons are fo impannelled, commanding
todifmifshimorrhem that were fo impannel-
led out of the faid Pinnc\,F.N.B.i6^.

This priviledge hath , in two caufes, not
been allowed , or taken place ; i . If the
enquiry concern the King and the Common-
wealth, in any neceifary and important degree
or bufinefs of the Realm. And therefore divers
Barons of the Marlhes of Wales were impan-
nelled before the Bifhop of Ely, and other Com-
miffioners of Oyer and Terminer , to enquire
of a notable outrage committed by Gilbert de
Clare Earl of Glocifter, againft Humphrey de
Bohun, Earl of Hereford and Effex , and his
Tenants in Wales, in the Twelfth year of Ed-
ward the Firft, where John de Hillings, Ed-
mond de Mortimer, Theobald Beardmoe, and
other Barons of the Marlhes, challenged their
privilcdges aforefaid, and much infilled upon
the fame. But it was afterwards anfwered by
the Court , as by the words in the Record ap-
peareth. The Barons aforefaid did perfifl in
the Challenge, and in the end both the faid
Earls, between whom the faid outrage had been
perpetrated,fubmitted themfelves to theKing's
Grace, and made- their Fines. Secondly,This
priviledge hath noplace in cafe of neceffity ,
where the truth of the cafe cannot otherwife
come to light ; for the words in the Writ in
the Regilter are , Niji fua prafeutia ob ali-
quant caufam [pecialiter exigatur, (Sc.

If any Nobleman do bring an Action of
Debt upon Account, in cafe where the Plain-
tiff is to be examined (which is always intend-
ed to be upon Oath) upon the truth of his
caufe, by vertue of the Statute of the fifth of
Henry the Fourth, chap. 8. it fhall fuffice to
examine his Attorney, and not himfelf up-
on his Oath.

And this priviledge the Law hath given to
the Nobility, That they are not Arretted up-
on any Warrant of a Juftice of Peace for their
good behaviour, or breach of Peace ; nor by a
Supphcavit out of Chancery, or from the King's
Bench : For fuch an Opinion hath the Law
conceived of the peaceable difpofition of No-
blemen, that it hath been thought enough to
take their promife upon their Honour in that
behalf. And as in Civil Caufes, the like Rule
doth the Court of Equity obferve in Cafes of
Confcience ; for if the Defendant be a Peer of
the Realm in the Slar-Chamicr , or Court of
Chancery, a Subptena fhall not be awarded, but
a Letter from the Lord Chancellor or Lord
Keeper in lieu thereof. And if he do not ap-
pear, no Attachment fhall go out againft him :
For in the Fourteenth year of Queen Eliza-
betbtim Order and Rule was declared in the
Parliament Chamber, That an Attachment is
not awarded by Common Law, Cuftome, or
President, againft any Lord of Parliament.
And if he do appear, and make Ms Bill of

the Nobility. 6i

Complaintupon his Honour only, he Is not
compelled to be fworn. But by the Staiute
^Eliz.cap. i. itis enacted, Tiiat all Knights
and Burgelles of Parliament ftiall take the
Oath of Supremacy , and fo ihail Citizens and
Barons of the Cinque 'Ports , being returned
of the Parliament, before they enter into the
Parliament Houfe ; which Oath fhall be ac-
cording to the tenor, effect, and form of the
fame, as is fet forth in the Statutue of i Eliz.
Provided always,that forafmuch as the Queens
Majeliy is otherwife fufficiently allured of the
Faith and Loy alty of the Temporal Lords of
her High Court of Parliament, therefore this
Act, nor any thing therein contained , fhall
not extend to compel any Temporal perfon of
or above the Degree of a Baron of this Realm
to take the faid Oath , nor to incur any penal-
ty limited by the faid Act for not taking the
fame.

If a Peer be fued in the Common 'Fleas in an
Action of Debt or Trefpafs, -and Procefs be a-
warded by Capias or Exigit againft him,then
he may fue out a Certiorari in the Chancery,
directed to the Juflices of the Common Tleas ,
teftifying that he is a Peer of the Realm. For
unlefs the Court be certified by the King's
Writ out of the Chancery, that the Defendant
is a Peer of Parliament,~if a Capias or Exigit
iffue forth againft him, it is no Error , neither
is it punifhable in the Sheriff, his Bailiffs or
Officers, if they execute the faid Procefs, and
arreft the body of fuch a Noble perfon ; for it
appertaineth not to them to argue or difpute
the Authority of the Court. B ut if the Court
be thereof certified as aforefaid , they will a-
ward a Supersedeas , which is in the Books of
Entries in the Title of Error, Sefl.1.0.

And there are two Reafons or Caufes.where-
fore no Capas or Exigit lieth againft any
Peer; onebecaufeof the dignity of their per-
fons, and the other by intendment of Law.
There is none of the Nobility but have fuffi-
cient Freehold, which the Plaintiffs may ex-
tend for their payment or fatisfadtion. But
a. Capas oi- Exigit heth againft a Knight, for
the Law hath not that Opinion of his Freehold.
And if any of the Nobilitv happen to be fo
wilful, and not to appear, the Court will com-
pel the Sheriff to return great Iifues againft
him, and fo at every default to encreafe the if-
fues, as lately againft the Earl of Lincoln hath
been in practice.

By the ancient Laws of this Reaim, before
the coming of William the Conqueror, many
good Laws were made for keeping the Peace ;
and amongft others, That all above the age of
twelve years ihould be fworn to the King;
which we in remembrance thereof do keep at
this day in the view of Frank Pledge, or the
Court Leet. But Noblemen of all forts, are
neither bound to attend the Court Leet, nor to
take the Oath, as appeareth by Britarr. c. 29.
treating of the Court called the S'herifsToiirn,

out

Priviledgcsoftbe Nobility.

Part II.

out of which the Lect to be extracted. And
agreeable thereunto is the Statute of Marl-
brtd&e, cap. 10. See the Lord Chancellor's
Speech in the cafe of Tofinati, fol. 78- It a
Writ of Error be brought in Parliament upon
a judgment given in tile King's Bach, the
Lords of the Higher Houfe alone, without the
Commons, are to examine the Errors, tfoa.
fol. iz.

In the nth of Henry the Fourth , fol. z6.
in a Cafe concerning a Diftrefs taken for Ex-
pences and Fees,the Knights of the Parliament
are not contributary for fuch Lands as are par-
cel of their ancient'Lordihips and Baronies; but
for other Lands they are. But there is a Que-
ftionmade, If one which is no Baron, but ig-
noble, do purchafe any ancient Barony, whe-
ther he ftall be difcharged of fuch Expences
and Fees, or not? Which is not worthy the que-
ftioning : For as Land holden by Villainous Ser-
vice doth not make him a Villain or Bondman ,
which being free doth purchafe the fame , al-
though by his Tenure he (hall be bound to do
fuch Villainous Service : So on the other fide ,
Land that is holden by Barony doth not make
the Villain or Ignoble which purchafeth the
fame.to be Noble, although the charge of fuch
Tenure do lye upon him in refpedt of the Ser-
vice of the Realm.

It is faid in our Books, That a day of Grace,
or by the favour of the Court, is not to be
granted to the Plaintiff in any Suit or Action
whereby a Nobleman is Defendant ; becaufe
thereby a Nobleman fliould be longer delayed
than the ordinary courfe of the Court is ; and
fuch a Lord is to have expedition of Juftice, in
refpectthathe is to attend the perfon of the
King, and the Service of the Commonwealth:
But if there be no Noble perfon to the Suit,
the Judges do and may at their difcretion,
upon a motion, grant a day more of Grace o-
therwifethanby the ftrict courfe of the Law
the Plaintiff may challenge. Camiden,f. 1 69.
writing upon this Subject, faith, Where a No-
bleman is 'Demandant, the Defendant may
not be affoyned for the delay and cauje afore-
faid. To which I could alfo fubfcribe, but
that the Book in the fifth of Hen. 4. 15-. b. is
otherwife adjudged: There the King brought
a Quare Imfedit againft a common perfon,
and the Defendant was elloyned by a Rule of
Court.

If any Peer of the Realm be Plaintiff or
Defendant in any Action , real or perfonal, a-
againft any other, whereupon any Iifue is to be
tryed by a Jury , the Sheriff muft return one
Knight at the lead to be of the Inqueft ; other-
wife upon challenge made the whole pannel
fhall be quaflied. Which by order of the Law
is appointed to be done for honour and reve-
rence due to the perfon of that degree: For
when a Peer of the Realm is party, it is other-
wife than when the Suit is between private
perfons ; F. N. B. Title Challenge nj. 13.

E/ward the Third in a Oti ire imfedit againft
a Bilhop adjudged. But the Earl of Kent in
the fourteenth y ear of the late Queen's Reign,
and the parties did plead to an Iliue, the Vem-
re Facuts is awarded , which the Sheriff did
return ferved, and a pannel returned accord*
ingly, in which is no Knight named. The
truth of which Cafe was, mat after the return
made, the Demand is pubhlhed, and demand-
ed by the Queen and the Heralds to be Earl of
Kent in right and dilcent, although he had not
been fo reputed or named before ; and alfo af-
terthattime ( that is to fay ) at the then laft
Parliament, the Tenant is made a Baron by
Writ of Parliament, and then the Jury doth
appear in the Court of Coynmon 'Pleas, and the
Ear! of Kent did challenge the Array, becaufe
no Knight , was returned : but it was not al-
low cd him by the Court , for the admittance
of both parties is to the contrary , and no de-
fault can belaid to the Sheriff , for he had no
notice of the honourable Eiiate of either of
the parties ; the Demandant not being then
known or reputed to be an Earl by defcent, or
of the Tenant then alfo being no Baron. How
much the Common Law hath always prohibi-
ted perpetuity in Lands and Tenements, you
may fee in Corbel's Cafe , in the firlt part of
Cole's'&o6k,fol.^%. and in many other Cafes
in the reft of his Books. As alfo Littleton, fol.
14.J. faith it is a principle in the Law, that e-
very Land in Feefimple may be charged with a
Rent. But if the King's Majefiy, upon a
Creation of any Peer of the Realm, of what
degree foever , do as the manner is by Letters
Patent give unto any fuch new created No-
bleman an Annuity or Rent for the fupport of
his degree , which they call Creation-money ;
this is lb annexed to the dignity, that by no
Grant, Affurance, or any manner of Aliena-
tion it can be given from the Lord, but as full-
incident, and a fupport of the fame Creati-
on.

In all Cafes wherein is any Suit , a Baron or
Peer of the Realm is to be amerced no lefs
than five pounds ; but the amercement of a
Duke is One hundred pounds. Although the
Statute of Magna Charta, chap. 14. be in the
Negative, viz. Comites & Barones non amer-
cientnr 111 ft per fares fuos, & non nifi feenn-
dim modiim delitli ; yet ufe hath reduced it
into a certainty. As alfo by the fame Statute it
appeareth, that fuch Amercements lhould be
allelfed^f r fares (uos : but that it were trou-
blefome to ailemble Barons for fo fmall a mat-
ter, fuch Amercements in times paft have been
alTeiTed by the Barons of the Exchequer, who
fometime were Barons of the Realm, as is al-
ready taken notice of; and fo.writeth Bratlon
lib.7 s .traB.cap.i.fol.nb.'&.

Whereas by Statute ]zEen.%.cap. 16. it is
enacted, That the Subjects of this Realm fhall
not keep in their Houfes or Families above the
number of four Strangers born; neverthelefs,

Chap XIII.

Pri-viledges of the Nobility.

by a Provifo in the fame Adt, every Lord of
the Parliament hath this priviledge allowed
unto him to keep in his Family the number of
fix born Strangers.

By the Statute 14 Hen. %. cap. 13. a privi-
ledge was granted to the Nobility according
to their degrees concerning Apparel ,• but be-
caufe by a Statute made in the nrft of the King
that now is, chap.i^. all Laws and Statutes
concerning Apparel are taken away.

Whereas by the Statute z Hen. ^.TarLz.
cap. 1. it is ordained, That the Jultices of the
Peace in every County, named of the Quorum,
fliall be refident in the Shires wherein they are
Juflices, there is a Provifo whereby the Lords
and Peers of the Realm, named in fuch Com-
miftions, are excepted.

By the Statute 1 Edw. b.cap.iz. amongft
other things it is enacted, That in all and eve-
ry Cafe and Cafes, where any of the King's
Subjects ihall and may upon his prayer have
the priviledge of the Clergy, as a Clark Con-
vidf ,that may make purgation in all the Cafes,
and every of them , and alfo in all and every
Cafes of Felony wherein the priviledge or be-
nefit of Clergy is taken away by this "Statute ,
wilful Murther, and poyfoning only excepted,
the Lords and Peers of the Realm having
place and voice in Parliament , fliall by vertue
of this Act of Common Grace, upon his or
their requefts and prayer , alledging that he
is a Lord or Peer of this Realm, claiming the
benefit of this Ad, though he cannot read,
without burning in the Hand, lofs of Inheri-
tance, or corruption of Blood , be adjudged ,
taken, andufedfor the firft time only to all
conftruclions, intents, and purpofes as a Clark
ConvicT;, which may make purgations with-
out any other benefit of Clergy to any fuch
Lord or Peer from thenceforth at any time af-
ter for any caufe to be allowed, adjudged, or
admitted, any Law, Cuftome, Statute,or other
thing to the contrary notwithftanding. By
this Statute a Lord of the Parliament fliall have
the benefit of his Clergy, where a common
perfon fliall not, -viz. for breaking open an
Houfe by day or night, or for robbing any on
the High-way, and in all other Cafes excep-
ted, faving in wilful Murther and Poyfoning,
but in all other Cafes, wherein Clergy is taken
away by any Statute made fince the faid Sta-
tute ot 1 Edw. 6. he is in the fame degree that
a common and inferiour perfon : but the Court
will not give him the benefit of this Statute, if
he doth not require it. If a Lord of the Par-
liament do confefs his Offence upon his Ar-
raignment , or doth abjure, or is Outlawed for
Felony, it feemeth that in thefe Cafes he may
have the benefit of this Statute, viz. his Cler-
gy; for that by the Statute 1% Eli z. cap. 18.
he, nor any other, need to make his purgati-
on, but fliall be forthwith delivered out of Pri-
fon by the Juftices.

By tie Imperial Conftitutions, Nobtles nan

torqnentur, {£ Nobtles 11011 Juffendentur , fed
decaf it antitr : and fo it is almoft grown into
a Cuftome of England by the favour of the
Prince ; for it is rare to have a Nobleman exe-
cuted in other form. Yet 'Thomas Fines Lord
T)acres of the South , in the zph of Henry
the Sixth, and the Lord Sturton in the fourth
of Queen Mary, wefe hanged.

At the Common Law it was lawful for any
man, Noble or Ignoble , to retain as many
Chaplains as they pleafed for their inftruclion
in Religion. But by a Statute made ziHen.S.
cap.ji. areftraint was made, and a certain
number only allowed the Nobility : And fuch
Chaplains for their attendance have Immuni-
ties, as by the Statute at large may appear i
viz. every Archbifliop and Duke may have
fix Chaplains, v> hereof every one may have
and purchafe Licence ofDifpenfation,and take'
receive, and keep two Parlbnages or Benefices
with Cure of Soulsjand that every Marquifs and
Earl may have five Chaplainsjevery Vifcount or
other Bifliop four Chaplains ; and every Baron
and Knight of the Garter may have three
Chaplains , whereof every one of them may
purchafe Licenfe of Difpenfatioii , and take ,<
receive, and keep two Benefices with Cure of
Souls.

And forafmuch as the retaining of Chap-
lains by Lords and Peers of the Realm is or-
dinary ; and neverthelefs fome queftions have
been concerning the true underftanding of the
faid Statute Law, I think it not unnecelfary to
fet down fome fubfequent Refolutions of the
Judges touching fome matters.

If a Bifliop be tranilated to an Archbifliop-
rick, or a Baron be created an Earl, yet in this
cafe they can have but only fo many Chaplains
as an Archbifliop, or an Earl might have ; for
although he hath dtvers Dignities, yet he is
ftill but one perfon to whom the attendance
and fervice fiiould be done : So if a Baron be
rnade a Knight of the Garter, or Lord Warden
of the Ctnque Torts , he fliall have in all but
three Chaplains, & fic de fimilibus.

And if fuch an Officer allowed by the Sta-
tute to have one, two, or more Chaplains.do
retain accordingly, and after he is removed
from his Office , in this cafe he cannot be now
Nonrefident, nor accept a fecond Benefice of
his Complement which was not full before his
removing ; and in that cafe it behoveth the
Chaplain to procure a Non obftante, otherwife
he may be puniflied for his Nonrefidence.

So if any Earl or Baron do retain a Chaplain,
and before his advancement his Lord isAttaint-
ed of Treafort ( as it was in the Cafe of the •
Earl of We(lmoreland~) after the faid At-
tainder fuch a Chaplain cannot except a fe-
cond Benefice ; for though his Lord be ftill li-
ving according to Nature, yet after the Attain-
der he is a dead perfon by the Law, and there-
fore out of the cafe to have priviledge for him-
felf, or for his Chaplains.

6 4

Priviledges of the Nobility.

Part II.

If a Baron have three Chaplains, and every
of them have two Benefices, and after the Ba-
ron dieth; they {hall enjoy thofe Benefices with
Cure, which were lawfully fettled in them be-
fore: But in this cafe,although the laid Chap-
lains be refident upon one of his Benefices , yet
now he is become punilhable for being rehdent
upon the other ; for Ceffaute cauja, cejj.it ej-
fetfus. ,

The fame Law is, if the Baron be attainted
of Treafon or Felony ; or if anv Officer be
removed from his Office , f$ fic de fimilt-
'ims. . -Z,

So if a Lord do one time retain more Chap-
lains than are allowed by the Law, the lawful
number only fhall have priviledge ; and in this
cafe which of them be firft promoted Hull have
priviledge, and the reft are excludedjfor aquali
jure melior eft conditio poffidentis. If a
Nobleman doth retain Chaplains above his
number at feveral times , if any of his Chap-
lains die, the next that was retained {hall not
fucceed, for his firft retainer was void ; and
therefore in this cafe, it behoveth him to have
a new retaining after the death of the prede-
ceilor, and before his advancement ; for quod
rib initio non valet, in traStu temporis non eon-
valefcit.

If a Noble perfon retain fuch a number of
Chaplains as is by the law allowed him , but
afterwards the Lord , upon fuch dillike or ci-
ther caufe.do difcharge any of them from their
attendance or fervice,the Lord in this cafe can-
not retain other ( thereby to give them pri-
viledge ) during the life of them fo retained
and difcharged. And the reafon thereof is ,
becaufe the firft Chaplains were lawfully re-
tained, and by virtue thereof, during their
lives, might purchafe Difpenfations to have
advantage according to the Statute: and there-
fore if the difcharg"e of their fervice and at-
tendance might give liberty to the Lord to re-
tain others, by fuch means he might advance
Chaplains without number , by which the Sta-
tute might be defrauded. And the faid Sta-
tute muft be ftri&ly conftrued , Non-rejidents,
& Pluralities, as a thing prejudicial to the
fervice of God, and the ordinary inftruction of
the people of God.

By the Statute 3 Hen. 7. cap. 4. it is enact-
ed as followeth ; Forafmuch as by quarrels
made to fuch as have been in great Authority ,
Office, and of Council with the King's of this
Realm, hath enfued the deftruciion of the
Kings,and therefore the undoing of this Realm,
fo as it hath evidently appeared , when the
comparing of the death of fuch as were of the
King's true Subjects was had , the deftruction
of the Prince was imagined thereby , and for
the moft part it hath grown and been occafion-
ed by malice of the King's own Houfhold Ser-
vants; and for that by the Laws of this Land,
if actual deeds were not, there was no remedy
for fuch falfe compaffing , imaginations, and

confederacies had againft any Lord , or any of
the King's Council, or great Officers in his
Houihold ; and fo great inconveniences did en-
fue, becaufe fuch ungodly demeanours were
not ftridtly puniihed before that any a&ual
deed was done; for remedy whereof , it was
by the faid Statute ordamed, That the Stew-
ard, Treafurer, or Comptroller of the King's
Houihold lor the time being , or one of them,
lhall have full authority to enquire by twelve
difcrect perfons of the CheckRoll of the King s
honourable Houihold , if any perfon admitted
andfwornthe King's Servant, and his name
put in the Check Roll , in any quality or de-
gree whatfoever under the ftate of a Lord, do
make any Confederacies or Confpiracies with
any perfon or perfons , to deitroy or murther
the King, or any Lord of this R.ealm , or any-
other perfon fworn to the King's Council,
Steward, Treafurer , or Comptroller of the
King's Houihold, that if it be found before the
faid Steward for the time being , by the faid
twelve men, that any fuch of the King's Ser-
vants as aforefaid hath confederated or confpi-
red as abovefaid , that he fo found by the en-
quiry be put thereupon to anfwer, and the
Steward, Treafurer, or Comptroller, or two
of them have power -to determine the laid
matter according to Law: And if he put in.
trial, that then he be tried by Oath of twelve
difcrect men of the fame Houihold , and that
fuch Mifdoers have no challenge but for ma-
liace: And if fuch Mifdoers be tound Guilty by
confeflion or otherwife, that the faid Offence
is ad judged Felony , and they to have Judg-
ment and Execution, as Felons attainted ought
to have by the Common Law.

By the Statute made in the fecond of King
Henry the Firft, cap. 8. Authority is given to
the Sheriffs, and other the King's Jultices, for
the better fuppreffing of Riots , to raife poffe
Comitdtus ; and the lame liberty doth in Com-
mon Law guide in many other cafes : Never-
thelefs the Sheriff may not by fuch Authority
command the perfon of any Nobleman to at-
tend the Service. But if the Sheriff upon a Sv.p-
plicavit againft a Nobleman in that cafe do re-
turn, that he is fo'puiffant that he cannot, nor
dare not arreft him, the Sheriff lhall be grie-
voully amerced for fuch his return : For by the
Writ under the Great Seal of England, the
King's Command is to all Archbiihops,Biihcps,
Earls, Counts, and Barons, and to all Leige-
menof the County, to be aiding unto him in
that which to his Office appertaineth ; and
therefore no perfon whatfoever can refpit the
execution of the faid Writ of the King's: Alio
the Sheriff at his difcretion may levy three
hundred men, if need be, to aid him in that
behalf.

The words of the great Charter of the Fo-
reft, in the eleventh Chapter, are as follow-
eth ; To every Archbifcop, Bi/hop, Earl , or
Baron coming to us, and (offing by our Forejf ,

Vrivikdges of the Nobility.

6 5

Chap.XIII.

it JIjiiU be lawful for him to take one Beaft
or two by the view of the For eft if he be pre-
fent ; or elfe he /ball caufe one to blow a Horn
for him, that he feem not to ileal our Deer.
Although the Statute doth fpeak but of Bi-
fhops, Earls, and Barons, yet if a Duke, Mar-
quifs, or Vifcount ( which are Lords of the
Parliament ) be coming towards the King by
his command, they alio lhall have the benefit
of this Article.

So if the King fend to any of the Lords a-
forefaid to come to his Parliament ; or fend for
him by Writ of Subpcena to appear in the
Chancery ; or by Privy Seal to appear before
his Council ; or fend for him by Letters Mif-
five, or by Meffenger, or Serjeant at Arms; in
all thefe cafes he lhall have the benefit of this
Statute, becaufe that they come at the King's
command. The fame Law is, if a Scire ha-
cias go out of the Chancery or Kings Bench
to a Lord of Parliament : But if fuch Procefs
go forth againft a Lord to appear before the
Juftices of the Common Tleas, or the Barons of
the Exchequer, and he cometh upon the fame,
he (hall not have the benefit of the Statute ;
for he doth not come unto the King; and the
words of the Statute are , Veniens ad nos ;
And all the Procefs which are made out of the
Chancery and Kings Bench , are , Quod Jit co-
ram nobis ; and fo are the Procefs out of the
Star-Chamber.

Alfo Lords which come to vifit the new
King after the death of his Father C though
not fent for) lhall have the fame priviledge.
And fo that this Statute is a Warrant dormant
to fuch Lords ; which alfo is to be underflood
as well of their returning homeward , as of
their coming to the King. And note,that this
Statute doth extend to give Licence to kill or
hunt in the Kings Parks, though the Letter of
the Statute be Tranfiens per Foreftam no-
ftram.

The Oath of Supremacy is not impofed on
the Peers of the Realm.

A Peer lhall for his firft Offence of Felony ,
though he cannot read, have the benefit of his
Clergy, and without burning.

If any perfon lhall divulge falfe and fcanda-
lous Reports of any Lord of Parliament , the
Offender is to be imprifoned until he bring
forth the Author.

In perfonal Actions the Plaintiff may pray
a day of Grace ; but againft a Lord of Parlia-
ment it fhall not be allowed him.

It is Actionable for any to deface the Coat-
Armour, (Sc. of any Nobleman or Gentle-
man, that is placed in a Church or Window,

Certain Cafe! wherein a Lord
of the Parliament bath no
priviledge.

THE Statute of WeHminfter 2. cap. 59;
faith, If the Sheriff return that he can->
not execute the Kings precept propter refiflen-
tiamalicujus magnates ; if it be true, he lhall
punilh the fefifters by Imprifonment , front
whence they lhall not be delivered without
the Kings fpecial commandment.

In 1 1 Hen. 4. 1 y. in homine replcgiando , a*
gainft Dame Spencer a Peer of the Realm,
(viz. a Baronefs born) a Capiat was granted,
becaufe it was an high injury to the perforl
whom Ihe eloigned, and in fome other cafes
of great contempt a Capias may be awarded
againft a Peer.

An Abbot, which was a Lord of the Par^
liament, was impleaded, and he did pray pri«
viledge to appear by an Attorney : and by
the Rule of the Court he could not , becaufe
the Statute is general , and againft it ; but
by a fpecial Writ out of Chancery he might ;
and fo in cafe where he doth pray to be re*
ceived. For if a Lord of the Parliament ,
holding Lands of another in Feefimple , dotli
forbear and withhold to do , and pay his Set'
vice to his Landlord, and that by the fpace of
two years ; whereupon he bringeth a Writ of
Cf//?»f«f(which is his Remedy given by Law)
thereby to recover the Inheritance of the
Land : But the faid Lord, for the faving of
Tenancy , being minded to pay all the Ar»
rearages before Judgment given againft him
(as by the Law he ought to do) in this cafe
he muft come in proper perfon, and not by art
Attorney,

If a Nobleman be ind idled, and cannot be
found, Procefs of Outlary lhall be awarded a-
gainft him per legem terra, and he fhall be
outlawed per judicium Coronatorum, but he
(hall be tried per judicium parium fuorunt
when he appeals and pleads to ilfue.

If any Lord did depart this Realm as Am>
baffador and otherwife, by the Kings Licence,
or without Licence, and do not return at the
King's command, or upon the Kings Writ, up-
on his privy Signet, the King may feize his
Goods and Chattels.

If a Lord, arretted upon a Supplicavit for
the peace, do refufe to obey the Arreft^
and make Refcous, arid the Sheriff do return
the Refcous ; upon fuch return lhall ilfue
an Attachment againft the faid Lord for his
contempt, to take his Body ; and this is a way
to obtain the peace againft any Lord of the
I Pttr-

Priviledges of the Nobility.

Part M?

Parliament; whereas the party could not have
an Attachment againft him, if the Subfoma
had been duly ferved , and peaceably accepted
of, although the faid Lord had not appeared
thereupon.

All Lords are compellable to take the Oath
mentioned in the Statute of the jth of King
James, cbap.i\. And fee the Statute of the
jtb of King James, chap. 6. who have Autho-
rity to minifter the faid Oath unto them.

If a Baron that holdeth by Baron Tenure,
have his abfence excufed by Effoyn , he which
cafteth his Effoyn or Excufe , ought to find
Surety that the faid Effoyn is true. But in cafe
of common perfons , it ffiall reft upon the
Credit and Integrity of the Effoyner; wherein
a Lord hath leffer priviledge than a common
perfon.

And whereas the Amercements fhould be
offered per pares, the ufe is to refer them to
the Barons of the Exchequer.

When a Peer of the Realm is Arraigned in
any Appeal of Felony, he ffiall not have that
priviledge to be tried by his Peers ( as in cafe
of Indictment) but muft undergo the ordina-
ry Trial of Twelve men.

Alio in cafe of Indictment, the Defendant
(though a Peer) may not challenge any of his
Triers: And the Judgment to be given againft
any Lotd of Parliament in cafes of Felony or
Treafon fliall be no other, than according to
the ufual Judgment given againft common
perfons. And their Execution ( through the
fpecial Grace and Favour of the King ) is be-
heading.

By Attainder of Felony or Treafon is cor-
ruption of Blood, fo that their Children may
not be Heirs unto them, nor to any other An-
ceftor. And if he were a Nobleman before ,
he is by the Attainder made Ignoble, not only
himfelf, but all his Children; having regard
unto the Nobility which they had by their
Birth. And this corruption is fo ftrong and
high, that it cannot be falved by the Kings
pardon , or otherwife than by Authority ot
Parliament.

But here is to be obferved, That Nobility is
not a thing fubftantial, but meer accidental ;
for it may be prefent or abfent , without cor-
ruption of the Subject whereof it doth depend;
for experience (heweth.That the palling of ho-
nourable Titles are reftrained by exorbitant
Crimes, when as Nature in the mean while
cannot be thruft away. Wherefore , though
the Lawyers do call Extinguiftiment of Nobi-
lity .which happeneth by fuch hainousOffences
committed by corruption of Blood : nevertne-
lefs they ufe not this manner of phrafe , as
though Nobility were naturally and effential-
ly in the Honour of Blood, more than any o-
ther hereditary Faculty ; but becaufe the right
of Inheritance (which is by degrees of com-
munication of Blood directed ) is by that
means determined; and alfo in regard of the

hatred and deteftation of the Crime, it is cal-
led corruption of Blood.

And here a Queftion may arife, Whether
by Attainder of the Father the Blood be fo cor-
rupted, that the Son lhall alfo be barred his
Mothers Inheritance, who hath not tranfgref-
fed, or no ?

They that maintain the Affirmitive, fay,
That forafmuch as none can be procreated or
ingendred according to the courie of Nature,
but of a Father and Mother, and muft have in
him two Bloods , viz. the Fathers and Mo-
thers ; therefore the Law alfo faith , Thofs
Bloods commixt in the p;rfon of a man in law-
ful Marriage, do conflitute and make him an
Heir ; and that none can be Heir unto any,un-
lefs he hath both Bloods in him to whom he
doth convey himfelf to be Heir. And there-
fore the Heir of the half Blood lhall not inhe-
rit, becaufe he doth want one of the Bloods
which fhould make him inheritable. And up-
on this reafon Britan.cbap. y /faith, Tfa man be
attainted of Felony by Judgment, the Heirs
ingendred after the Attainder are precluded
from all manner of fucceffion in the Heritage,
us well of the fart of the Mother as of the Fa-
ther ; for ex leprofo parent e, leprofus genera-
tnrfilius. And 'when the Father u, attainted
of Treafon or Felony , the Blood, in refpeCt
whereof he is Inheritable, being corrupted,the
\ame bath but half his Blood.tbat is, the Blood
of his Mother in him without corruption. And
with this doth agree BraVion, lib. i.eap. i j.
Non valebitf Honugeneratio, nec ad hxredi-
tatem paternam, nec maternam ; fi ant em an-
te felonnim generationem fecerit, talis Wife*
ratio fuccedit in h/ereditatem patres velma-
tris, d quo non fuerit felonia perpetrata.
Becaufe at the time of his Birth he had two
lawful Bloods commixt in him, which could
not be corrupted by the Attainder fubfequent
but only as unto that party who did offend.

But on the Negative part it is faid,That the
Law is not fo penal againft the innocent Child
as to prejudice him touching hisMothers Inlie-
ritance, who alfo did not offend ; or contrari-
wife, efpecially in cafe where the Mother was
feized of an Eftate in Feefimple , either in
Lands or Tenements , or Title of Honour.
And this was the cafe (if I be not miftaken )
of Thilip late Earl of Arundel, notwithftand-
ing the Attainder of Thomas Duke of Norfolk
his Father; for he had that Earldom in right
of his Mother.

But they do agree.That if the Lands or Te-
nements, or a Title of Honour , be given to a
man, and to his wife in tail who hath Iffue :
The Father is attainted of Treafon, and exe-
cuted, though this forfeiture of the Husband
fhall be no barr to the Wife concerning her in-
tereft by Survivor/hip ; yet their Iffue is bar-
red by the Statute 26 Hen. 8. cap. 1 5. and his
Blood corrupted: For in that cafe the Heir muft
I neceffarily make himfelf Heir, as well of the

Body

Chap.XIIl.

Body of the. one as of the other. And yet
the words of the Statute 32 Hen. 8. cap.zS.
are, That no Fine , Feoffment, or other Act
or Adf s hereafter to be made, or filtered by
the Husband only of any Mannors, Lands, Te-
nements, or Hereditaments , being the Inhe-
ritance or Freehold of his Wife, during the Co-
verture between them, fhall in any wife be ,
or make any difcontinuance , or be prejudici- 1
al to the faid Wife , or to her Heirs , or to
fuch as mall have right , title, or intereft to
the fame by the death of fuch Wife or Wives;
but the fame Wife or her Heirs , and fuch c-
ther to whom fuch right {hall appertain after
her deceafe , fhall or may then lawfully en-
ter into all fuch Mannors, Lands, Tenements,
and Hereditaments according to their Rights
and Titles therein. For there is Adverfity ta-
ken and agreed for Law between a difconti-
nuance which doth imply a wrong', and a
lawful Baron which doth imply a right : And
therefore if Land be given to the Husband,
and the Wife, and to the Heirs of their Bo-
dies begotten , and the Husband levies a Fine
with Proclamation , or do commit High
Treafon, and dieth, and the Wife before or
after Entry dieth , the Iffue is barred, and the
Comifee for theKing hath right unto theLands,
becaufe the Ilfue cannot claim as Heir unto
both. And with this doth agree T)yer 35-1.^.
adjudged, vide y Hen. 7. 3Z. Cott's Affize,
Coke's eighth fart, 27. where it is refolved ,
That the Statute iiHen.%. doth extend only
unto Difcontinuances, although the A&hath
general words, or be prejudicial to the Wife
or her Heirs, &c. but the conclusion, if jhe

6 1

Jl-jall lawfully enter , ©e. according to their
i right and title therein , which they cannot do
I when they be barred , and have no right ,
title, and intereft. And this Statute doth
give advantage unto the Wife, &c. fo long as
ihe hath right ; but it doth not extend to take
away a future barr. Although the Statute
doth give Entry without limitation of any
time ; neverthelefs the Efltry mull attend
upon the right : and therefore if the Wife be
feized inFeefimple, and her Husband levy a
Fine with Proclamation unto another , and
dieth, now the Wife may enter by force of
the Statute; for as yet that Fine is not any
barr unto her,but her right doth remain, which
ihe may continue by Entry ; but if Ihe do fur-
ceafe her time , and the five years do pafs
without Entry, &c. now by force of the Fine
with Proclamation , and five years paft after
the death of her Husband , Ihe is barred of
her right, and by confequence Ihe cannot en-
ter. And the Statute doth fpeak of Fine on-
ly, and not of Fine with Proclamation. If
there be Father and Son , and the Father be
feized of Lands holden in Capite , or other-
! wife by Knight's Service, the King doth cre-
ate the Son Duke , Earl, or other Degree of
Nobility , and afterwards the Father dieth ,
his Son being within the Age of One and
twenty years, he fhall be no Ward ; but if the
King had made him Knight in the life of -his
Father, he fhould not have been in Ward after
the death of his Father, neither for the Lands
defcended, nor for his Marriage, though he be
within Age.

Triviledges of the Nobility.

N 0=

Part II.

NOBILITY

AND

LORDS

IN REPUTATION ONLY.

C H A P. XIV.

t "Bf" A HERE are alfo other Lords in
Reputation and Appellation ,
who neverthelefs are not de
jure; neither can they enjoy
the priviledges of thofe of the
Nobility that are Lords of the Parliament.

The Son and Heir of a Duke , during his
Father's life, is only in courtefie of Speech and
Honour called an Earl ; and the eldeft Son of
a Marquifs or an Earl, a ' Lord : but not fo
in legal proceedings, or in the King's Courts
of Judicature. But the King may at his plea-
fure create them in the life of their Ance-
ftors into any Degree of Lords of the Par-
liament. And according to the German
Cuftom, all the younger Sons of Dukes and
Marquifles are called Lords, but by courtefie
only, which Title defcends not to their
Heirs.

A Duke , or other of the Nobility of a
Foreign Nation, doth come into this Land
by the King's fafe Conduct, in which faid
Letters of fafe Conduct he is named a Duke
according to his Creation , yet that Appel-
lation maketh him not a Duke, &C. to fue,

or be fued by that name within this Realm,
but is only fo by Reputation.

But if the King of Denmark , or other
Sovereign King come into England under
fafe Conduct, he, during his abode here,
ought to be ftyled by the name of King'
and to retain his Honour , although not his
Regal Command and Power. And in this
cafe may be obferved by the way, That no
Sovereign King may enter into this Realm
without licence, though he be in League.

All the younger Sons of the Kings of
England are of the Nobility of England ,
and Earls by their Birth without any other
Creation.

And if an Englifhman be created Earl of
the Empire , or fome other Title of Ho-
nour by the Emperor or other Monarch, he
fhall not bear that Dignity in England, but
is only an Earl in Reputation.

A Lord or Peer of Scotland or Ireland is
not of the Nobility or Peerage of England in
all Courts of Juftice, although he is com-
monly reputed a Lord , and hath priviledge
as a Peer.

0 F

6 9

OF THE

QUEEN CONSORT,

AND OF

NOBLE WOMEN.

CHAP. XV.

ACLUEEN, fo called from the
Saxon word Cuningtne , as the
King from Cmutig ( by variation
of Gender only , as was their
manner ) fignifieth Power and
Knowledge, and thereby denotes the Sove-
reignty due unto them which they enjoyed in
thole days, and do now in moll Nations, be-
ing capable of the Royal Diadem, by the com-
mon right of Inheritance, for want of Heirs
Male. But in France , by the Salique Law,
the Sex is excluded from their Inheritance, by
which they debarred the Engli/lj Title to their
Crown.

There are three kinds of perfons capable of
the Title and Dignity of Queen amongft us,
and each of them different in Power and Pri-
viledge. The firft is a Queen Sovereign , to
whom the Crown defends by Birth-right, and
is equal in power to a King , as before noted.
She is her Husband's Sovereign , and he her
Subject in England, although he were an Em-
peror : So was King Thilif of Spain to Queen
_A/.«'i' ; and her Authority is included in the
foregoing Chapter of Monarchy , and there^
fore need not to be here repeated. The fe-

cond in Honour is the Queen Confort ; and the
third the Queen Dowager or Queen Mo-
ther.

As from the benign influence of the glori-
ous Planet the Sun, all Creatures ( by God's
decree in the order of Nature) receive life and
motion ; fo from the King ( God's Vicegerent
on earth ) all degrees of Nobility take their
advance and dignity : 'Tis therefore requifite
the King Ihould as far excel his Subjects in Ma-
jefty and Splendor, as doth the Sun the other
Planets. And as the Moon is the mirror of
the Sun,reprefenting his Glory by Nightjfo the
Queen Confort, the Counterpart of the Royal
Majefty, fhines amongft us, for whom.and for
whofe Pofterity the Nation is bound to fend
up their Prayers to God.

The Queen of England, during the life of
the King , hath as high prerogatives and pri-
viledges , and liveth in as great ftate as any
Queen in Europe. She is reputed the fecond
perfoninthe Kingdom; and the Law fetteth
fo high a value upon her , as to make it High
Treafon to confpire her death,or to violate her
Clraftity.

She is allowed Regal Robes, Ornaments

anc5

Of the Queen Confort.

Part II.

and a Crown of the fame form, as an abfolute
Qiicen weareth, and may be (as formerly they
were ) crowned with Royal Solemnity ; the
performance of which Office properly belong-
ed to the Archbilhop of Tori. And although
their Coronations of late have been difufed, yet
they have as much honour, and enjoy the fame
priviledges, as if that Ceremony had been
clone. And the manner and folemmty at the
Coronation of a Queen is at large fet down m
moft of our Chronicles, and in particular in
Holinjhead and Stow, upon the fplendid Coro-
nation of Anna Bulloign in the Reign of K.ng
Henry the Eighth, to which I reier the Read-
er.

The Queen is permitted to fit in ftate by the
King , and to keep a diftinct Court from the
King's,although flie be the Daughter of aNo-
blefs ; and hath her Courtiers in every Office,
as hath the King ( though not altogether fo
mw'i) and hath her Yeomen of her Guard
to attend her on foot, and within doors , and
her Lifeguard of Horfe for her Hate and fecuri-
ty when flie goeth abroad : She hath her At-
torney, Solicitor, and Counfel for the manage-
ment of her .Law concerns , who have great
refped (hewed them, being placed within the
Barr with the King's Counlel in all Courts of
"Judicature.

Although flie be an Alien, and a Feme co-
vert during the King's Life, yet without any
Act of Parliament tor Naturalization , or Let-
ters Patents for her Denization, flie may pur-
chafe Lands in Feefimple ; make Leafes in her
own Name without the King ; hath power to
give, to fue, and to contract Debts, which by
the Law is denied any other Feme Covert ; ihe
may not be impleaded till firft petitioned ; nor
is the formality of fifteen days Summons to
the Defendant needful, if flie be Plaintiff ; nor
can flie be amerced, if flie be Nonfuited in any
Action ; flie may prefent by her felf to a Spi-
ritual Benefice.

Anciently the Queens had a Revenue called
Aurum Regime , that is the Queen's Gold,
which was the tenth part of what came to the
King by the name of Oblata upon Pardons,
Gifts,flr.but of late they keep to their Dowry,
viz.Forty thoufand pounds^rA«#«7,beftdes
fines upon the renewing of Leafes ; which faid
Dowry is as large as any Queens in Chriften-
dome.

The like honour and refpect that is due to
the King is exhibited to the Queen, as well by
Foreigners as by the King's Subjects ; as is alfo
to the Queen Dowager, who loofeth not her
Dignity or Reverence , although flie fliould
marry a private Gentleman, as did Queen Ka-
tharine, Widow to King Henry the Fifth,who
after (he was married to Oisuen'Teudor Efquire,
mainrainec her Action at Law as Queen of
England.

The prefent Queen Confort is the thrice
IlluftriousDo»«j Kat hernia Infanta Tortu-

i, whofe vertue and true piety ought to
be taken notice of in all Hiftories, for fticceed-
ing Qieens to trace her Noble footfteps, whom
God prefer ve.

The Queen Dowager takes place next to
the Qieen Confort , and in the abfence of the
King her Son, or in his minority, is fometimes
made Qieen Regent, or Protectrefs ; but this
truit is ufually by the King's own command, or
at the requeit of the three States ail'embled in
Parliament, to prevent the danger of an ufur-
pation of the Crown : the like truft is fome-
times impofed upon the Queen Confort in her
Husband's abfence , as by King Henry the
Eighth twice during his Wars in France.

Note, That during the minority of the King
of England, whatfoever Laws are enacted in
Parliament under a Queen Regent , or a Pro-
tectrefs, are no longer binding than nil the
King attains to full age , after which he may
revoke and make void by his Letters Patents
under the Great Seal.

The Daughters of the Kings of England 'are
all ftyled Pnncelles. The eldeft is called the
Princefs Royal , and hath an aid or certain rate
of money paid by every Tenant in Cafite,
Knights Service , and Soccage , towards her
marriage Portion , as was levied by K. James
when he married the Princefs Elizabeth ; and
to violate her Chaftity is by the Law adjudged
High Treafon.

Of Noble Women.

W'Omen in England ', according to their
Husbands Qualities, are either Honou-
rable and Noble, or Ignoble- Their Honou-
rable Dignities are PrinceiTes , Dutcheifes ,
Marchioneiles, Countefles, Vifcountefles, and
Baroneifes.

The Noblefs (as the French call them ) are
all Knights Ladies , who in all writings are
ftyled Dames ; all Efquires and Gentlemens
wives only Gentlewomen.

The third fort comprehends the Tlebeans ,
and are commonly called C-oodwives.

Noble women are fo by Creation, Defcent ,
or Marriage.

Of women honourable by Creation are di-
vers Examples,of which the firft (as I remem-
ber) that we read of, was Margaret Countefs
of Norfolk , created by Richard the Second
Dutchefs of Norfolk. And many of them
had their Honours granted by Patents to them-
felves, and the Heirs Males of their Bodies to
be begotten, with fpecial Claufes that their
Heirs Male fliall have voices in Parliament,
Creation money, their Mothers Titles ; as if a
Dutchefs, he a Duke ; and if a Countefs,he an
Earl, with the Ceremony of Mantle, Surcoat,
Coronet, G)c. The like Grant was to Amia
Bulloign when (lie was created Marchionefsof

Tern-

Chap XV.

Of Noble Women.

'Pembroke by Henry the Eighth. Of a later
date was the Lady Finch made Couritefs of
Wine be I fey, who had all the faid priviledges
granted to her , and her Heirs Male. The
Dutchefs ot Buckingham alfo, in the time of
King 7 imes. And in our Age we have divers
Noble Ladies advanced to degrees of Honour,
"via. the Countefs of Guilford, Groom of the
Stool to the Queen Mother , and a faithful
Servant to her in her banifliment, being then
Countefs of Killimeak in Ireland : The Lady
Dudley Dutchefs of

The celebrated Beauties, Barbara Vittiers
Dutchefs of Cleaveland, and Countefs of
Southampton ; and Louyfe Rene Angelique de
Carxvell Dutchefs of Tort/mouth, Countefs of
Tetersfield, ®c.

Of Titles by Defcent and Marriage , there
are Examples enough, fo that I need not trou-
ble the Reader with any repetition ; I fhall on-
ly fet down fome few general Obfervations not
fufEciently difcourfed of.

If a King's Daughter marry a Duke or an
Earl, ilia femper dicitur Regalis,by Law and
Courtefie.

Noble women by defcent , Birthright , or
Creation, remain Noble although they marry
Husbands under that degree. Alfo any Daugh-
ter of an Earl or Vifcount that continues a
Virgin, or marrieth an Efquire, yet flie retain-
ed"! the Honour that fprung from her Parents,
and (hall take place accordingly, and be faluted
by the Title of Lady.

If a Gentleman, Knight, or Peer marry a
wife of ignoble Parents , Ihe ihall enjoy the
Title, Name, and Dignity of her Husband ,
not only during his lite , but when ihe is a wi-
dow , or afterwards married to an Ignoble
perfon ; but this is by the Courtefie ( and not
by the Law) of the Realm. Whereas on the
contrary, let a woman of Blood and Coat-
Armour marry a Yeoman or Churle that is Ig-
noble, and hath no Coat-Armour, his Condi-
tion in point of Honour is in no refpeft ad-
vanced , and Ihe Ihall retain the Honour, State,
and Dignity flie was born unto. Yet if Ihe
have illue by that Yeoman or Ignoble perfon ,
Ihe being an Heirefs, that Ilfue fliall have li-
berty to bear her Coat ; but Sir John Fern faith
only for life , and that on a Lozenge Shield ,
with a difference of a Cinquefoil.

If a French, Spanijh, or other woman Ali-
en , be married to a Peer of the Realm, or to
a Gentleman, and be not denizened, Ihe is de-
barred all Priviledges and Titles due to her
Husband ; nor can Ihe claim any Dower or
Joynture fro mhim by the Laws of Eng-
land.

Yet in fome things our Laws are wonderful
kind to the Female Sex, efpecially procreandi
caufa: As thus; if a man and his wife feparate
for fome fraud, or private loathing of the Mar-
riage Bed,or the like, and fo continue for fome
years; after which time the woman bringeth

forth a Child , which though got by another
man, and her Husband in all that time not ha-
ving enjoyed her, yet if he live in the King-
dom he muft Father the Child; and if before
that time he had no Child , that Jhall inherit
his Lands, if entailed , or left without Will.
Alfo if a Wife be with Child when her Hus-
band dieth, and flie marry another man before
her delivery , the latter Husband muft own
the Child, which muft be his Heir at Law if he
were childlefs.

The Wives Dignities and Lands defcend to
her Heirs, not to her Husband ; yet to en-
courage him to play the man , the Courtefie of
England is fuch, that as the Wife hath the
third part of his Eftate in Lands for her Joyn-
ture, during her life if a Widow j fo the Hus-
band, if he get his Wife with Child, and that
Child be heard to cry, he fliall enjoy all her
Lands during his life.

The Wife can make no contrail: whatfoever,
that Ihall ftand good in Law, to the detriment
of her Husband, without his confent ; nor can
flie make a Will, or difpofe of what Ihe hath,
whilftflie is a Feme Covert; flie cannot be
produced as a witnefs for or againft her Hus-
band ; nor Ihall flie be accellbry to his felonious
adts, although Ihe receive the Goods, or con-
ceive the Fact, if flie be not perfonally an Aclor
therein.

Female Children are alfo by Law capable to
give their confent to marriage at Seven years
old ; and the Lord's eldeft Daughter is to have
aid of his Tenants to marry her at that age ,
though flie may diilent from this Contract
when flie comes to Twelve ; but if at that Age
flie doth not diifent,fhe is bound for lifedhemay
then make a Will, and difpofe of Goods and
Chattels by it. At Nine years of Age flie is
Dowable : at Fourteen flie might receive her
Lands into her Hands , and was then out of
Wardfllip , if flie were Fourteen at the death
of her Anceftor ; otherwife flie was in Ward-
flup till flie accompliihed Sixteen years , and
then flie was free. At One and twenty flie is
enabled to contract or alienate her Lands by
Will or otherwife.

If there be no Son, the Lands as well as
Goods are equally divided amongft the Daugh-
ters, who are Coheirs.

In ancient times Women amongft the Ro-
mans were thought worthy of enjoying pecu-
liar favours and refpedt. And out of their
great love and honour to the Mother of Mar-
cus Coriolanus , for diverting his fury which
he threatned theCitizens to their ruin, for their
ingratitude towards him , the Citizens grant-
ed the Roman Dames the-priviledge of wear-
ing the Segmenta Aurea, orLorduresof Gold
and purple on their Garments: They were alfo
permitted to wear goldEar-rings;tohave place
on the way ; and in memorial of the faidpre-
fervation, there was erected a Temple dedi-
cated to the Female Fortune,

Annt

M
"■X

Of Nobh

le Women.

Part II.

Anne of Britaiu,\\ik to Charles the Eighth
of France, as an ornamental Honour to ieveral
deferving Ladies, inftead of the Military Belt
and Collar, bellowed on them a Cordon or
Lace, and admonilhing them to live chaftly
and devoutly : and to put the greater eftecm
thereonj Ihe funounded her Elcocheon of Arms
with the like Cordon ; from which Example it
is now become the Cuftome for unmarried wo-
men to bear their Arms in form of a Lozenge,
which are commonly adorned with fuch a Cor-
don. * ''' ' , ' „ \ .

Jofeph Michcli Marquez , for the further
Honour of the Female Sex, gives an Example
of the Noble women of Tortofa in Aragun ,
whom he calls Cavalleros, or Knights i For
(faith he) T)on Raymond, Lift Earl of Bar-
celona (who by right of his wife Petromlla,
fole Daughter and Heir to King Ramiro the
Moid , joyued his Trincipality to the King-
dmn of Aragon) havir.ginthe year 1149. ta-
ken from the Moors the City of Tortofa , who
in a few months after laid /lege to the faidCity,
/it/d reduced the Inhabitants to fo great a
fir ait , that their intentions were of furren-
drinz it up to the Moors ; but the women hear-
ing thereof , for the diverting their ruin, pit
on mens Apparel , and by a resolute Sally for-
ced the Moors to raife'the Seige. And the
Earl, in acknowledgment of his thanks for
this their Noble Aft, as a reward of Honour,
iift it tiled an Order (not much unlike a Mili-
tary Order) into which were admitted only
thofe brave women, and their Descendants.
The Badge which he ajjigned them was fome-
thinglikea Fryer's Ciiponch, but of a cri mfou
colour , which they wore upon their Head-
clothe'. Amongft the privi ledges which this
Earl granted them, they were to be freed from
all Taxes; to have precedency of men in pub-
lick Meetings ; and that all the Jewels and
Apfarelof their deceafed Husbands ftjonld be
their own, all hoiigh 'of never fo great value.
And thefe women having thus pure ha fed this
Honour, deported them/elves after the manner
of Military Knights of thofe days.

To look further back, ancient Hiftories do
take notice of the Amazons of old , whofe
Fame in Arms is fufficiently known.

Although Noble women may not fit in
Parliament, in refpe&of their Sex; yet they
are in Law Peers of the Realm ; and all or moil
of the prerogatives before mentioned , which
to the Noblemen are belonging, do appertain
unto them.

But the Opinion of fome men have been ,
That a Countefs, Baronnefs, and other women
of great Eftate , canhot maintain an Adtion
upon the Statute de Scandalis maguatum , be-
caufe the Statute z Rich. 1. fpeaketh but of
Prelates, Dukes, Earls, Barons, and of the
Chancellor , Treafurer , Privy Seal , Steward
■ of the King's Houlhold, and other Nobles,
great Officers of the Realm ; by which words

they conceive that the meanings of the Ma-
kers of that Statute was only to provide in
that cafe for Noblemen, and not for Noble
women.

Alfo if anv of the King's Servants within
the Check-Roll do confpire the death of any
Noble w oman,it is not Felony within the com-
pafs of the Statute 5 Hen. 7. 1 8.

Honourable women , as before noted, are
of three forts, by Creation, by Dcfcent, and
by Marriage. And the King may create any
woman into any Title or Honour at his plea-
fure : and the King by his Letters Patents o-
penly read in Parliament , without any other
Invellure , did create Mary Fane Widow, the
fole Daughter of Baron of

Alvrgaveny, Baronnefs de le Spencer.

Noble women by Defcent are, either thofe
to whom the Lands holdcn by fuch Dignity do
defcend as Heir , and they are faid to be Ho-
nourable by Tenure; or by whofe worthy An-
ceftors, to whom they were Heirs, was fazed
of an Eftate defcendable to them in their Ti-
tles of Dukedoms , Earldoms , or Baronies ;
or thofe whofe Anceftors w ere fummoned to
Parliament , for hereby alfo Inheritance doth
accrew to their Pofterities.

Noble women are alfo thofe, who do take
to their 'Husbands any Lord or Peer of the
Realm, although they themfelves were not
of any degree of Nobility.

Queftion and doubt hath been made , Whe-
ther if a man be fummoned to Parliament, and
afterwards die without Illue Male, the Digni-
ty and Title of Honour may defcend to the
Heir Female. And many Arguments have
been pro ® contra in that cafe , which at this
time I purpofely omit , becaufe I have before
difcourfed thereof in the Chapter of Ba-
rons. ' .7- .mlM ...

Concerning the Title of Honour defcenda-
ble to the Heir Female by reafon of aTenure of
her Anceftors , there needs no more doubt to
be made than of Offices of Honour , the
which do much fupport the publick wealth,
and being of Eftate of Inheritance, do defcend
to the Heir Female, if there be no nearer Heir
Male : As the Office of High Conftableihip of
England challenged in the time of Henry the
Eighth by the Duke of Buckingham, and ad-
judged by the Advife and Refolution of the
Judges , as by a note of that Cafe extant ,
whereof Dyer in his Reports hath a memorial
zoc. b.Kelway, the Sixth of Henry the Eighth
170. b. which defcended to the Daughter of
Humphrey de Bohuue , Earl of Hereford and
Fffex, as' before is declared. The Office of
the Lord Steward defcended to B 'launch ,
Daughter of Henry Earl of Lancafer , in
whole right John of Gaunt her Husband en-
joved the fame. The like may be faid of the
Office of Earl-Marfhal , which defcended by
an Heir Female unto the Houfe of Norfolk :
All which Offices are as unfit to be exercifed

Chap XV.

Of Noble Women.

by a Woman , as for a Woman of Honour
to be fummoncd to the Parliament. And
when a Title of Honour doth defcend to a
Woman , if queftion in Law do arife. be-
tween the faid Noble woman and any ei-
ther perfon , whether me be of that De-
gree of Noblenefs or no , the Iilue fliall
be tried by the Record thereof, and by the
King's Writ it mall be certified , and not
by a Jury of twelve Men , even as it lhould
have been in cafe her Anceftor had been party.

Although the Laws of the Realm regu-
larly do make all the Daughters (where
there are no Sons) equally to inherit Lands
and Tenements , and to be but one Heir to
their Anceftor ; yet it is not fo in the de-
icent of Dignity and Tides of Honour: for
Inheritances concerning matter of Honour, be-
ing things in their nature participating of
Superiority and Eminency , are not partable
amongft many , and therefore mult of necef-
fity defcend unto one , and that is to the
eldeft Daughter , Sifter , Aunt , or Colin Fe-
male, and inheritable where there is no
Heirs Males that may lawfully challenge the
fame. And fo in this point is the Civil Law.

Neverthelefs , there was a Judgment in
the time of Henry the Third , touching the
dcfcent of the Earldom of Chejier , after the
death of the Earl , who died without Iflue ,
his Sifters being his Heirs ; which Judgment
was , That the faid Earldom lhould be di-
vided amongft the faid Copartners as the o-
ther Lands ; and that the eldeft lhould not
have it alone. But this Judgment was hol-
der! Erroneous, even in thole times where-
in it was given : For BraBon , a Learned
Judge, who lived in that Age, writeth there-
of, treating of partition between Copart-
ners, lib. z. Cafe 24. by which it is evident,
That Baronies and Dignities of Honour do
by the Laws of this Realm defcend unto
the eldeft Copartner ; and the Judgment gi-
ven once to the contrary thereof, Bratlon
doth rightly account to be unjuft : His Rea-
fon is notable; Forafimtch as the Honour of
the Chivalry of this Realm doth chiefly coti-
M in the Nobility , Reafon would not that
fitch "Dignity Jhould be divided amongft
Copartners, -whereby through multitude of
partitions the reputation of Honour in fuch
SucceJJion, and fo divided, might be im-
paired, or the ftrength of the Realm, being
drawn into many hands , with decreafe of
livelyhood by filch partition , lhould be in-
feebled. In which Refolution Britton , the
Learned Bimop of Hereford ( who compiled
his Book of the Laws of this Realm, by the
Commandment, and in the Name of Ed-
ward the Firft) accordeth, Britton 187.
And therefore, howfdever the Judgment
was given , or whenfoever , it is neverthe-
lefs very evident that it was foon redreiTed:
For if it were given upon the death of

Ralph, the laft of that Name Earl of Che-
fier , who died about the Seventh of Henry
the Third without Iflue,, the Writers of
that time do teftifie , that the Earldom , of
Lhc/ter came wholly unto John Scott, the
Son of David Earl of Huntington, and Au-
gwjb and Maud, the eldeft Sifters of the faid
Ralph, if it were given upon the death of the
laid John Scott, who died about the Four
and twentieth of Henry the Third without
Iilue; yet notwithftanding the faid Judg-
ment flood in force , for that thq faid King
aiiumed the Earldom into his own Hands
upon other fatisfadion made to the faid
Sifters, Copartners of the faid John Scott,
Ne taut a Mr edit as inter colos deduceretur
Matth. Tans Monafter. SaucJi Allane in
Crompton, fol. 366. b.

Neverthelefs you may read in this Trea-
tife of Heraldry , written by John Guillim
about fol. 18. That Sifters are allowed no
differences of Badges in their Coat-Armour,
by reafon that by them the name of the
Houfe cannot be preferved 1 , but are ad-
mitted to the Inheritance equally, and are
adjudged but one Heir to all intents and
purpoles whatfoever. And the knowledge
of this point in thefe days is worthy to be
enquired into ; for this is to be obferved
out of Prefidents , and to be acknowledged
of every dutiful Subjecl , that the King can
advance to Honour whom he pleafeth : And
therefore whereas Radtilph Cromwell, be-
ing a Baron by Writ , died without Iflue j
having two Sifters and Coheirs ; Elizabeth
the eldeft married unto Sir Thomas Nevill
Knight , and Joan the younger married to
Sir Humphrey Bowcher, who was called to
Parliament as Lord Cromwell, and not the
faid Sir Thomas Nevill who married the
eldeft Sifter. And Hugh Lupus , the Aril
and greateft Earl of Chejier, Habendum J7-
bi & haredibus adeo Itbere per gladium
ficut ipfe Rex tenuit Angliam per tenorem.
Hugh died without IlTue , and the Inheri-
tance of his Earldom was divided amongft
his four Sifters , and the eldeft had not the
Seigniory entire unto herfelf.

If a Woman be Noble by Birth or Def-
cent, with whomfoever Ihe doth marry
although her Husband be under her De-
gree, yet Hie doth remain Noble ; for Birth-
right eft Character indelebilisi

Other Women are enobled by Marriage;
and the Text faith thus , viz. Women en-
nobled with the Honour of their Husbands,
and with the Kindred of their Husbands, we
worftjip them in the Court , we decree
matters to pafs in the Names of their Hus-
bands , and into the Houfe and Surname of
their Husbands do we tranflate them : But
if afterwards a Woman do marry with a
Man of a bafer Degree , then /he UJeth her
former Dignity , and followeth the conditi-
R en

74-

Of Noble

Women,

Part II.

on of her latter Hitsbn-.d. And concerning
the fecond difparaged Marriage as aforefa l d,
many other Books of the Law do agree ;
for thel'e be Rules conceived in thofe Ca-
fes : Si. nmlier nobihs nupferit ignohli de-
finit effe noil lis , ® eodem modo quo quid
conflittutnr difiolvitur. It was the Caie of
Ralph Howard Efq ; who took to Wire
Anne, the widow of the Lord Towes:^ they
brought an Action ngainft the Dukeot Suf-
folk , by the Name of Ralph Howard Eft);
and the Lady Anne 'Powes his Wife, and
exception was taken for mif-naming of her ;
becaufe foe ought to have been named ot
her Husband's Name , and not othcrwife :
and the Exception was by the Court al-
lowed; For, faidthey, by the Law of God
fie is Sub poteftate viri ; and by our Law
her Name of 'Dignity floall be changed ac-
cording to the 'Degrees of her Husband ,
not with [landing the Court e fie of the Ladies
of Honour and Court : Dyer 79. And the
like is alfo in Queen Maries Reign , when
the Dutchefs of Suffolk took to her Hus-
band Adrian Brook , Title Brief, 54. 6.
And many other Prefidents have been ot
later times. And herewith agreeth the Ci-
vil Law , Digefl. lib. t. title q. lege i.
In this Cafe of acquired Nobility by mar-
riage , if queftion in Law be , whereupon
an^Iflue is taken between the Parties , that
is to fay , DutchelTes are not Dutchefl'es ,
Counteiies are not Counteffes, and Baron-
effes are not Baroneffes ; the Trial whereof
fhall not be by Record ( as in the former
Cafe ) but by a Jury of Twelve men ; and
the reafon of the diverfity is becaufe in this
Cafe the Dignity is accrued unto her by
her Marriage , which the Lawyers term
Matter in Fact , and not by any Re-
cord. ...

But a Noble Woman by marriage, though
fhe take to her fecond Husband a man of
mean Degree , yet fine may keep two Chap-
lains , according to the Provifo in the Sta-
tute of 1 1 Hen. 8. Cafe 1 5. for and in refpedl
of the Honour which once fhe had , vix.
at the time of the Retainer : And every fuch
Chaplain may purchafe Licence and Difpen-
fation, (Sc. And Chaplains may not be Non-
refidents afterwards.

And forafmuch as the retaining of Chap-
lains by Ladies of great Eftate is ordinary,
and neverthelefs ibme queftions in Law have
been concerning the true underftanding of
the faid Statute Law; I think it not imper-
tinent to fet down fubfequent Refolutions
of the Judges touching fuch matters.

So long as the Wife of a Duke is called
Dutchefs , or of an Earl a Countefs , and
have the fruition of the Honour appertain-
ing to their Eftate , with kneeling , tailing,
ferving; fo long fhall a Baron's Widow
be faluted Lady , as is alfo a Knight's Wife

by the courtefie of Er.gland , quamdiu ma-
trimoninm out vidmtas uxor is dnrant • ex-
cept flie happen to elope with an Adulterer:
for as the Laws of this Kingdom do adjudge
that a Woman fliall lofe her Dowry in that
( as unto Lands , Tenements , and Juftice;)
fo doth the Laws of Gentry and Noblencfs
give Sentence againft fuch a Woman, ad-
vanced to Titles of Dignity by the Hus-
band , to be unworthy to enjoy the fame ,
when foe putting her Husband out of her
mind, fubjeds her felf unto another.

If a Lady which is married come through
the Foreft , foe fhall not take any thing ;
but a Dutchefs, Marohionefs, or Countefs
lhall have advantage of the Statute de Char*
ta Ivreff. iz Artie, during the time that file
is unmarried.

This is a Rule in the Civil Law, Si filia
Rezfn mtbat alicui Duci vel Comiti, ditcetitr
tamen femper regalis. As amongft Noble
Women there is a difference of Degrees , fo
according to their diftin£f. Excellencies the
Law doth give fpecial priviledges, as fol-
lowed!: By the Statute 25- Edw. 5. cap; 1.
it is High Treafon to compafs or imagine
the death of the Queen , or to violate the
King's Companion. The King's Refponfe is
a fole perfon, except by the Common Law;
and foe may purchafe in Feefimple, or make
Leafes or Grants with the King ; flie may
plead and be impleaded , which no other
married Woman can do without her Hus-
band.

All Ads of Parliament for any caule, which
any way may concern the Queen, are fuch
Statutes whereof the Judges ought to take
Recognizances as of general Statutes: though
the matter doth only concern the capacity
of the Queen , yet 'it doth alfo concern all
the Subjects of the Realm ; for every Sub-
jedr. hath intereft in the King , and none of
his Subje&s within his Laws are divided
from the King, who is Head and Sovereign,
fo that his bufinefs concerns all the Realm:
and as the Realm hath intereft in the King,
fo and for the fame Reafon is the Queen,
being his Wife.

A man feized of divers Lands in Fee
holden by Knight's Service , fome by Prio-
rity ( that is by ancient Feoffment holden
of others ) and fome other part holden of
the King In pofteriority; the King granteth
his Seigniory to the Queen during her life ;
and afterwards the Tenant dieth , his Son
within Age : in this cafe he fliall have the
Wardfhip of the Body , and have the Pre-
rogative even as the King himfelf fliould
have had.

The Queen Confort or Dowager fhall
not be amerced, if flie be Nonfuited in any
Action or otherwife ; in which cafe any o-
ther Subject, of what degree foever, fhall
be amerced: lor in that cafe the Queen

fhall

Chap XV.

Of Noble Women.

fliall participate of the King's Preroga-
tive.

But the Queen fliall not in all cafes have
the fame prerogative as the King; as for
Example , Petition is all the remedy the Sub-
ject hath when the King feizeth his Lands,
or taketh away his Goods from him , ha-
ving no Title by order of Law fo to do ,
contrary to the Opinion of fome ancient
Books , as you may fee Stamford's Prero-
gative , Cafe 19. But no fuch Suit fliall be
made to the Queen, but Actions as againft
other Lieges of the King , according as the
Cafe fliall require ; For by the fame Reafon
that the Queen may be Plaintiff or Deman-
dant in Actions without the King , by the
fame Reafon flic fliall be Defendant with-
out the part taking of fuch Prerogatives as
do appertain to the King.

Againft the King by his Prerogative nul-
lum tempts occumt; but it is not fo with
the Queen, iZEdw. 5. 2. a. Andplenarily
by fix months is a good Plea in a Quare
hnpdit brought by Philip Retina Anglia,
ibidem fol. r. i^.b. Stamford'sTrerqgatfVe ,
Cafe 18. prop finem. In the 22 Ed-jv. 5.6.
it is thus to be read ; Note that a 'Protecti-
on was fued forth againft the Queen in a
Writ •which Jlie brought , and it was al-
lowed , though flje be a perfon exempt. Ne-
verthelefs by this fliort Cafe following may
be obferved , That the Juftices do not eafi-
ly fuffer any proceedings in Law againft the
Queen ( Wife or Widow;) but will hold with
their Immunities fo much as by Law they
may.

A Writ of Dower was brought againft
Ifabel Queen of England, and Mother to
the then King; and the Court faid to the
Plaintiff, The Queen is a prfon of Digni-
ty and Excellency , and we are of Opinion
that Jhe Jhall not anfwer to the Writ, but
that fie fiould be fued unto by Tetion'. And
thereupon the Demandant dixit gratis, and
flie prayed the Court to grant a Continu-
ance of Adion until another day , fo that
in the mean time (he might fpeak with the
Queen : But the Court would not agree to
make a Continuance ; but faid , That upon
her requeft they might give daypra re per-
tin. and fo it was done; for the Queen's
Counfel would not agree to a Continuance,
for thereby the Queen fliall be accepted as
anfvverable.

Neither do I fuppofe that I have digref-
fed from any former purpofe for making
mention in thofe Cafes concerning the Queen
Confort: For notwithftanding the intermar-
riage with the Sovereign King , yet flie is
no other than a King's Subject , whether
flie be of a Foreign Nation, or a Native
born ; and though (he be by the favour of
the King folemnly crowned Queen, yet that
is but a Royal Ceremony , and no elfential

Exception, whereby ffie may not from hence-
forth be accounted in the rank of Noble
Women. And this hath been proved by the
effect in the Reign of King Henry the Sixth
when fome of the Wives , crowned Queens'
have been Arraigned of High Treafon , and
therefore put to Trial by the Nobles of the
Realm as her Peers.

The Wife of the King's eldeft Son hath
alfo fome Prerogatives in regard of the Ex-
cellency of her Husband , which the Wives
Of other Noblemen have not : For by the Sta-
tute of the Thrteenth of Edward the Third
it is High Treafon to violate the Wife o'f
the King's eldeft Son and Heir.

Dutdieffes and Co.unteffes have fpecial
Honours appertaining to their Eftates • as
Kneeling , Tailing , &c. which things 'are
more appertaining properly to the Heralds:
than to be here treated of.

Ladies in Refutation.

THE Wife or Widow of the Son and
Heir of a Duke or Earl in the life
time of his Father , is a Lady by Courtefie
of Speech and Honour , and taketh place ac-
cording as in ancient time hath been per-
mitted by the Sovereign Prince , and allow-
ance of the Heralds; but in legal proceed,
mgs they are not Priviledged, nor to be
named according to fuch Names of Digni-
ty. But the King may at his pleafure cre-
ate fuch Men, in the life of their Anceftors
unto degrees of Lord's of his Parliament'
and then the Law is otherwife.

If a Noble Woman of Spain come into
this Realm by fafe Conduct , or otherwife
though in the Letters of fafe Conduct by
the King flie be ftyled by fuch her Sove-
reign Title ; yet in the King's Courts of Tu-
ftice flie Jhall not be named by fuch Title
though in common Speech flie is ftyled a
Lady.

An Englifi Woman born doth take to her
Husband a French or Spanijb Duke, though
he be made a Denizen , yet flie fliall not
bear his Title of Dignity in Legal Proceed-
ings.

A German Woman is married to a Peer
of the Realm, and unlefs fhe be made a
Denizen , flie cannot lawfully claim the Pri-
viledges or Titles of her Husband , no more
than flie can to have Dower or Jbynture
from him.

An Englifi Woman doth take to herHuf-
band an Irifi Earl ; or if a Lord of Scot-
land ( though he be a Poftuatus ) take an
Englijb Woman to his Wife, their Wives
fliall not participate of their Husbands Titles
of Dignity.

K * But

t 1
■

Of No£/e Women,

Part II.

But if the King do create one of his Sub-
jects of Scotland or a Peer of this
Realm , then ftiatl he and his Wife enjoy all
the Priviledges of a Nobleman. But if an Eng-
UJb man by the Emperor be made an Earl
of the Empire, his Wife Hull not bear that
Title of Honour.

All the Daughters of Dukes, Marqutfles,
and Earls are by the ancient Cuftome of
the Realm ftyled Ladies, and have prece-
dency according to the Degrees of their Pa-
rents ; And of this Cuftome the Laws do
take notice , and give allowance for Honour
and Decency : But neverthelefs in the King's
Courts of Juftice they bear not thofe Titles
of Honour, no more than the Sons of fuch
Noble perfons may do : So in this point the
Law is one way, and the Honour and Cour-
tefie of Ladies another. And as a Civilian
in like Cafe faith , Aliud ett jus , ?$ aliud

privilegium ; neverthelefs the Books of our
Law do make mention thereof, and al-
low of it as a Courtefie , though not as a
Law.

Thus much of Women : If I have been
too large upon this Subject, I crave their
pardons ; and if too lhort , I wifli I had been
more large for their Honour : Yet let them
compare their Conditions with that of their
Neighbouring Nations , and 'tis believed
they have reafon to judge themfelves the
happieft Women in the World ; but Nemo
fua forte contentus.

None truly value what they dopojfefs :
Birth, Beauty, Titles, Riches m excels,
Are alia Tlague, if ought elfe we dejire ;
The lofs of that makes all our joys on fire.

O F

Chap.XVJ.

O F

KNIGHTHOOD

I N

G E N E R A L<

CHAP. XVI.

ALthough I am not of the Opinion
of fome that vainly derive the
Order of Knighthood from St.
Michael the Archangel , whom
they term the frimier Cheva-
lier ; yet I may fay that it is near as ancient
as Valour and Heroick Vertue , and may de-
rive its Original from Troy , which bred ma-
ny Noble and Renowned Knights ; amongft
which were HeBor , Troilus , JEneas , and
Antenor. So among the Greeks were Aga-
memnon, Menelaus, Teleus , Hercules, Dio-
medes , Telamon , Ulyffes , and feveral o-
thers , whofe Military and Heroick Acts pur-
chafed unto them a never dying Fame. And
the Romans took fo great care for the che-
riftung and advancement of Heroick and Mi-
litary Vertue and Honour , that they eroded
and dedicated Temples to Vertue and Ho-
nour ; and from the infancy of their Milita-
ry Glory they inftituted a Society of Knights,
which confifted of a feled number. And fome
there are that plead to have Knighthood take
its rife from Romulus : For , fay they , that
Romulus having fettled his Government in
Rome , partly for Security , and partly for
Magnificence , erected or inrolled three Bands
or Centuries of Knighthood or Horfmen ; the

firft he called Romaic from his own Name ;
the fecond Titietice from Titus Tacitus ; and
the third Luceria , whereof mention is made
by Livy. And this Inrollment confifted of
Three hundred ftout and perfonable men ,
choferl out of the chiefeft Families, and were
to attend him as his Life-guard, both in Peace
and War, and were called Celeres, or Equites,
from their perfonal Valour and dexterity in
Martial Affairs.

And to add to the Honour of Knighthood ,
the Romans oft-times made the Knights
Judges for the management of their Civil
Affairs , yet continued they of the Eque-
ftrian Order.

The Romans called their Knights Milites,
or Miles, and Equites, or Equites Aurati ;
the Italians and Spaniards , Cavalieri ;
the French , Chevaliers ; and the Englijjj ,
Knights.

The Addition of Sir is attributed to the
Names of all Knights, as Sir John, Sir Tho-
mas , and the like. And to Baronets the faid
Addition of Sir is granted unto them by a
peculiar Claufe in their Patents of Creation,
although they are not dubbed Knights.

No man is born a Knight of any Title or
Degree whatfoever, but made foj either be-
fore

Of Knighthood in general.

Part II.

fore a Battel, to encourage him to adventure
his Life ; or after the tight , as an advance-
• ment to Honour for their valiant A&s. And
although Knighthood , according to its firft
Inftitution, was only a Military Honour ; yet
of later days , it hath been frequently feen,
that meritorious perfons in Civil Affairs have
this decree of Honour conferred upon them.
Nor are Kings , Princes, or Potentates at any
time limitted or confined their bellowing this
Dignity, being at all times free to beftow it
on whomfoever they ftall in their Princely fa-
vour think worthy to be advanced to the faid
Honour, either for their Merit, Birth, or fi-
liate. . ,

The Enfigns or Ornaments belonging to
Knighthood are many, each Country or King-
dom having thofe peculiar to it felf : I ftall
name fome of the chief.

To the Knights of the Equeftrian Order a-
mongft the ancient Romans was given a
Horle, or a Gold Ring. The Germans gave
the Badge of the Shield and Launce. The
French anciently gave alfo the Shield and
Launce ( as Favin notes ) but fince they ufed
the Equeftrian Target.

Another Knightly Ornament is the Mili-
tary Belt , firft made of Leather , which af-
terwards came to be richly adorned with

Gold and precious Stones ; and to this Belt
was added a Sword. Other Ornaments were
gilt or golden Spurs, and golden Collars of
SS. But thefe have been for a longtime laid
afide ; and inftead thereof is only ufed- Dub-
bing with a naked Sword to Knights Batche-
lors , which I ftall fpeak of when 1 treat of
Knights Batchelors.

Many have been , and yet are, the Degrees
and Order of Knighthood in Chriftendom,
each Kingdom having fome appropriated to
themfelves : which though many of them
are now extinct ,• yet I ftall touch upon them,
as I find them Recorded by Sir William Segar
in his Volume of Honour Military and Civil,
and by Elias _4&«?o/f,Efq; in his incomparable
Volume of the Order of the Garter, to which
I refer the Curious Reader for his further fa-
tisfaction. And of thefe Degrees or Orders
I ftall firft treat of thofe ufed amongft us , be-
ginning with that of the moft Noble Order of
the Garter; next with the Knights Bannerets;
then with Baronets , this being their proper
place according to precedency ,although fome-
thing improper, as not being of any degree
of Knighthood ; next with Knights of the
Bath; then with Knights Batchelors ; and fo
conclude with thofe Degrees of Knighthood in
Foreign Kingdoms and Countries.

KNIGHTS

Of the moft Noble

Order of the Garter,

O R

9 GEORGE.

CHAP. XVII.

T Was the cuftome and policy of puif-
fant Princes in all Ages to invite and fe-
cure to themfelves perfons of Renown,
and fuch Heroick Spirits were encou-
raged with Remarks of Honour, Quiz.
eminent priviledges of Place, different Habits>
and additional Titles) to diftinguifh them from
the Vulgar, befides other opulent Rewards :
And amongft thofe perfons , the more emi-
nent or excellent of merit were placed in a
Superior Orb , that their Glory might be the
more fplendid to the World. Such were King
David's mighty men, the Satrajxe of Terfu,
the Orders Military amongft the Romans, and
the manvlnftitutionsof Knighthood in Chri-
ftcndome : But of all Orders purely Military
now extant, I muft prefer this of St. George,
which we call the Garter ; not only becaufe it
is our own Nation, or that none are common-
ly admitted but Peers, but for the excellency
of itfelfi

Firft, for its Antiquity ; Secondly , for its
glorious Inftitution by that Renowned King
Edward ; And thirdly , for the many Empe-
rors , Kings , and Princes that have been ad-
mitted into the faid Fraternity.

Firft, I find it agreable to all Hiftories, that
'twas inftituted by King Edward the Third ,
Anno 1350. which was fifty years before the
Inftituting the French Order of St. Michael
by Lewu the Eleventh; Two hundred twen-
ty nine years before Henry the Third devifed
the new Order of the Bo 'lyGhofl , full Eighty
years before the Order of the Golden Heece
was inftituted by Thilif the Good of Burgun-
dy; One hundred and ninety years before
King James the Fifth refined the Order of St.
Andrew in Scotland; and about Two hun-
dred and nine years before the Kings of 'Den-
mark begun the Order of the Elephant; w hich
gives it clearly the pre-eminency before other
Orders in point of Antiquity.

For

Knights of the Garter.

Part li.

For the occafion of the priftine Inftitution
you mull know, King Edward the Third ha-
ving engaged himfelf in a War with France
( for the obtaining of that Crown which de-
scended on him in right of his Mother) thought
fit to allure to his party all fuch Gallant Spirits
as were Friends to Bellona ; and to that end
creeled a Round Table in the Caftle of Wind-
sor in imitation of King Arthur's at Win-
chester , where they were exercifed at Tilts
and Tournaments , and Royally entertained
with magnificent Feafls and other Princely Fa-
vours to engage them unto him. But Thilip
of Vattok , who was in actual polTefhon of the
Crown of France, countermined him by ere-
cting a like Table in his own Court , whereby
he drew away many from King Edward, fo
that being difappointed in that Project , and
yet proving victorious in his Arms againft
France and Scotland , at his Return he re-
warded the moil eminent of thofe Heroick
Knights that had born the brunt of the Day ,
and perfevered in their Loyalty, with this No-
ble Order , which confifted of Six and twenty,
of which himfelf was one ; being all perfons
of choice Endowments , of great renown in
Chivalry, and fuch as Ihould be bound by Oath
and Honour to adhere unto him. And upon
the death of any one of them , the place was
to be fupplied by another, elected by the King
and his Succeffors , who are Sovereigns of the
faid Order , with the confent of the Fraterni-
ty ; but now the Election is at the entire plea-
fureof the King.

There are many Articles confirmed unto
them , to which all that are enftalled Sub-
fcribe , befides the forementioned Oath, viz,.
that whilfl they ihall be Fellows of the Order
they will defend the Honour, Quarrels, Rights
and Lordihips of the Sovereign ; that they
will endeavour to preferve the Honour of the
faid Order, and all the Statutes made for the
fame , without fraud or covin, Quinam perju-
rati.

It is alfo efteemed mod Honourable , there
having been more Emperors , Kings , and Fo-
reign Princes of this one Order , than of all
others in a manner in the World ; which Ho-
nour is obtained by keeping precifely to the
primitive Number, never exceeding Six and
twenty ; whereas all others of this kind have
been fo frankly communicated unto all pre-
tenders , that at laft they loft their luftre and
efteem in the World. Of this Order there
hath been no lefs than eight Emperors, feven
Kings of Portugal , two Kings of Scots before
the Union, five Kings of Denmark, three of
Naples, one of 'Poland, and two of Sueden,
befides many Foreign Sovereign Princes of I-
taly, Germany, f3c. The Order and Inftitution
being Honourable, and by many Learned Pens
fufficiently cleared from the envy of Froyfart,
and other French men ; as alfo from the folly
of Tolydore Virgil, who favours the Roman-

tick Story of the fair Countefs of Salutary ,
who being a dancing with the faid King Ed-
ward, let fall her Garter, which the King took
up and tied about his Leg; at which the Queen
being jealous , he gave this Motto , How (oit
qui maly penfe,ths.t is,EviI be to him that evil
thinks.

The Patron of this Order is St. George , a
Man of great Renown for Chivalry ; he Suf-
fered Martyrdom at Lydda under Ttioclefian ,
faith Mr. Seidell ; fuppofed by Dr. Helyu to
have been martyrred at Nicomedia, the prin-
cipal Seat then of the Eaftern Empire ; and by
others at T>iofpnlia or Lyddea in Tale ft me ,
where he is faid to be interred; whofe Fame
was fo great in the World, that many Tem-
ples and Monafteries were dedicated to him
in the Eaftern Countries , from whence his e-
fteem came into England ■ who celebrated to
his memory the Three and twentieth of April
with the reft of the Univerfal Church: But
how long he has been honoured as Patron and
Protector of England is difputable; Mr. Sel-
den concludes before the Conqueft ; And 'tis
no marvel (faith he) that fo warlike a peo-
ple fhould make choice of fuch a Souldier-
Saint , known by the f articular name of Tro-
pheophorus, of greater emmency in both the
Eaftern and Western Churches than any other
Sotildier-Saint. To this Tutelary Saint or
Patron of Martial men King Edward com-
mends himfelf and his Companions, called
The Knights of St. George : And having both
beautified and enlarged his Caftle at Windfor
to be the Royal Seat of this Order, he caufed
a folemn Proclamation to be made in France,
Spain, &c. to invite all Military Spirits to at-
tend thofe Tilts and Tournaments which were
intended to be kept , not only on St. George's
day then next enfuing , which was de/igned
for the day of Inftitution, but for fifteen days
before, and as many after ; and that the me-
mory of St. George might be ftill continued,
he gave them for a part of their daily Habit
the Image of St. George encountring with the
Dragon or Devil , inchafed with Pearls and
precious Stones , appendant to a blue Ribon,
continually to be worn about their necks.

As for the Habit of this Order , befides the
George and Ribon before mentioned, and a
Garter enamelled with Gold, Pearl, and pre-
cious Stones , with the Motto, Houi fit qui
mal y penfe embroydered upon it, which is
faftned about the left Leg with a buckle of
Gold , from whence they were called Knights
of the Garter , and without thefe two Orna-
ments none of thefe Knights are to appear in
publique; There alfo properly belongs to
this Order a Calfock of crimfon Velvet, and
a Mantle and Hoed of purple Velvet, lined
with white Sarfnet,on the left Ihoulder, where-
of is an Efcocheon of St. George embroidered
with a Garter , within the Motto : The Efco-
cheon is Argent , a Crofs, Gules. But thefe

Chap.XVII.

Knight i of the Garter.

to be worn only upon St. George's day , and
when it fhall pleafe the Sovereign to celebrate
the Ceremonies of the Inftallations. To each
Knight belongs a Collar of the Order made of
pure Gold , weighing thirty Ounces of Troy
weight, compoled or Garters and Rofes , en-
amelled with Rofes red and white ; and fince
the coming of King James , there hath been
an intermixture of Thirties ; the Image of St.
George enriched with precious Stones appen-
dant to it , to be worn over all the Robes at
St. George's Feaft , and over their ordinary
Cloaks , upon all fuch days on which the So-
vereign is bound by Statute to make Offerings.
Alfo befides thefe Robes and Ornaments ap-
pointed by the Founder, it was ordered by K-
Charles the firft , That all Knights mould or-
dinarily wear upon their Cloaks or Coats, on
the left fide, a Star of Silver imbroidery, with
the Efcocheon of St. George within the Gar-
ter, &c. in the Center of it. But the Habit
doth more lively appear by thePourtraiture re-
prefenting the Habit of the faid Order.

Infomeof thefe Habiliments thefe Knights
are attired in publick, as the diverfity of the
occafion requireth; but always in their ftate-
lieft Robes and richeft Collars when the So-
lemnities of the Order are to be performed ,
that is, the celebrating of St. George's Feaft,
and in the Act of their Inftallations , in the
Free Chappel of St. George , built within the
verge and limits of the Caftle , at the Founda-
tion whereof was appointed a Dean, Prebends,
and poor Gentlemen eftablilhed , to be main-
tained with Stipends, by the Name of Knights
Q or foor Knights ) of IVmdfor , who have
provided for them Robes of Cloth according
to them of their Order, who are to pray for
the Order. Concerning the Ceremony of the
Installation you are to know, that every
Knight is bound to faften an Efcocheon of their
Arms on a plate of Metal on their feveral
Stalls , with an Infcription of their Names ,
Titles, and Honour, which they remove as
they are advanced in order higher. And in
this order they alfo advance their Banners,
Swords, and Helmets , which are continually
over their Stalls during their being of that Or-
der, that plate of their Arms being left unto
the Stall in which they laft fate ; the Hatch-
ment taken down to make room for fuch as
fucceed unto the deceafed or higher removed
Knights, touching which they are placed ac-
cording to the Seniority of their Creations ,
and not according to their Dignities and Titles
of Honour ; fo that fometimes a Knight
Batchelor hath place before an Earl or Duke ;
as not longfince Sir Henry Lea Knight, Keep-
er of the Armory,had precedency of the Duke
of Lenox, befides Earls and Barons: only in
honour to Strangers who are Sovereign Prin-
ces , or Sons 'Or Brothers to fuch , it is per-
mitted by the Rule of Order that they take
place according to the quality of thefe perfons;

but this by a late Indulgence. Anciently if a
King crowned came in place of a Knight Bat-
chelor , he fate there without any difference;
but this alteration was made, as 'tis fuppofcd,
by King Henry the Seventh , in reference to
Foreign Princes ; the reft continue in their
Stalls where firft feated ; fo that the Sovereign
referved to themfelves the power once in their
Lives ( fo faith the Statute ) to make a gene-
ral tranflation of all the Stalls , except ot Em-
perors and Foreign Princes , which order con-
tinues to this day.

Much may be faid in honour of this Noble
Order: but it being fo well and accurately
treated of by that great Antiquary Elius
Aft/mole Efq; in a large Volume in Folio lately
publifhed by him , entituled The Inftitution ,
Laws,and Ceremonies of the moft Noble Order
of the Garter , that nothing more can be faid
thereof, which he hath illuftrated with great
variety of ufeful & ornamentalSculpturesjI fhall
therefore conclude by fettirig down the Heads
of the feveral Chapters and Sections by him fo
learnedly treated of, recommending to the
Reader the faid Volume as a Work fit to adorn
and enrich the Libraries of the moft Curious.

The firft Chapter treats of Knighthoood in
general, which is divided into ten Secti-
ons.

Chap. 1 1. Of the Religious Orders of
Knighthood in Chrift endome, divided into five
Sections.

Chap. III. Of Military Orders of Knight-
hood, in three Sections.

Chap. IV. Treats of the Caftle, Chappel,
and Colledgeof Windfor , in eight Sections:
i. Of the Caftle; z. Of the Chappel ; j.The
Foundation of the Colledge ; 4. Of the Dean,
Canons , Clerks and Chorifters ; y. Of the
Poor Knights ; 6. Of other Officers of the Col-
ledge ; 7. Of the Endowment of the Col-
ledge ; And 8. of thePriviledges of the Chap-
pel and Colledge.

Chap. 5:. Treats of the Inftitution of the
Order, in five Sections : 1, The Opinions con-
cerning the occafion of its Inftitution ; z. The
true Caufe inferted ; 5 .The Time of its Inftitu-
tion ; 4. Of the Patrons of the Order ; And
y.the Honour and Reputation thereof.

Chap. VI. Treats of the Statutes and An-
nals of the Order, in four Sections: i.Of
the Statutes and Inftitutions ; z. Of thofe o.
ther bodies of Statutes fince eftabliilied; j.The
endeavours for the reforming theStatutes firtce
King Henry the Eighth ; And 4. of the Annals
of the Order.

Chap. VII. Treats of the Habit and Enfigns
of the Order, in ten Sections : 1 . Of the Gar-
ter; z. Of the Mantle; 5. Of the Surcoat ;
4. Of the Cap and Hood ; y. The Robes anci-
ently afligned to the Queen and great Ladies ;
6. The Collar in general ; 7. The Collar of the
Order; 8. The Collar of SS; 9. The lelfer
L George;

ill

■

Knightf of the Garter.

George ; And 10. when the Habits, in whole
or in part, ought to be worn.

Chap. VIII. Treats of the Officers appoint-
ed for the Service of the Order, in feven Se-
ctions : i.ThePrelat's Inftitunon, his Oath,
Robe and Priviledges; 2. The Initiation ot
the Chancellor's Office, with his Oath, Badge,
and Pennon ; 3. The Regifter's Inftitution,
with his Oath, Mantle .Badge, &c. ^.Garters
Inftitution, with his Oath, Mantle, &c. y.The
Inftitution of the Black Rod's Office, with his
Oath, Habit, &c. 6. The payment of the Of-
ficers Penfions upon the new Eftabhlnment ;
And 7. the Execution of thefe Offices by De-

PU Chap.IX. Treats of the Election of a Knight
into this Order, in eighteen Sections : 1 . Ot
Summons to the Election ; 2. The place of the
Affembly; 5. The number of the Knights ;
4. The Difpenfation for want of a full number;
y. Of opening the Chapter; 6. That Knights
only prefent in Chapter ought to nominate ;
7. Of the number, qualifications, and degrees
of thofe perfons to be nominated ; 8. Ot the
Scrutiny , and by whom it ought to be taken ;

0. The time when ; 10. The Order and Manner
of it ; 1 1. The prefentation of it to the Sove-
reign'; 12. His confiderations referring to the
qualifications of the perfon to be elected; 1 3 .Of
other inducements for Election ; 14. The So-
vereign only Electeth ; 1 y. The Scrutiny ought
not to be entred amongft the Annals ; 1 6. The
Scrutiny ought not to be viewed until it be
entred; 17. Of Scrutinies taken , yet no Ele-
ction made ; And i8.the penalties inflicted on
Knights Companions who appear not at the
Election.

Chap.X.Treats of the Invefture of a Knight-
Subject with the Garter and George , in fix
Sections : 1 . The notice given to a Knight-
Subject of his Election ; 2. His reception into
the Chapter-houfe ; 3. The Ceremonies of In-
veftiture with the Garter and George ; 4. Of
fending the Garter and George to an elect
Knight-Subject ; y. The manner of a Knight's
Inveftiture ; And 6. the Allowances andRe-
wards given to Garter King at Arms for his
Service in this Employment.

Chap. XI. Of the preparations for theper-
fonal Inftallation of a Knight, in feven Secti-
ons: 1. That Inftallation gives the Title of
Founder ; 2. Of the time and place appointed
for Inftallation ; 3. Of Comrniffions for Inftal-
lation ; 4. Of Letters of Summons; y. Of
Warrants for the Livery of the Order; 6. The
removal of Atchievements and Plates; And
7. preparations made by Knights Elect.

Chap. XII. Treats of the perfonal Inftal-
lation of a Knight-Subject, in eleven Sections :

1 . Of the Cavalcade to Windfor ■ 2. The Of-
ferings in the Chappel on the Eve of the Inftal-
lation; 3. The Supper on the Eve ; 4.The or-
der in proceeding to the Chapter-houfe; y.The
Ceremonies performed in the Chapter-houfe ;

Part II

6. The proceeding into the Choire. 7. The Ce-
remonies of Inftallation ; 8. The order obfei-
ved when two or more Knights are inftalled in
one day ; 9. The Offerings of Gold and Silver ;

10. The grand Dinner at the Inftallation; And

11. of letting up the Knight's Atchieve-
ments.

Chap. XIII. Treats of the Inftallation of a
Knight-Subject by proxy , in nine Sections :
1. The original caufe of making Proxies;2. Let-
ters of Procuration; 3. Qualifications of a
Proxy ; 4.Preparations for Installations; 5 .Pro-
ceeding to the Chapter-houfe; 6. Transactions
ink; 7. Proceeding to the Choire; 8. Cere-
monies performed there ; And 9. the grand
Dinner.

Chap. XIV. Treats of the fignification of
Election to Strangers, in five Sections ; 1 . In
what time and manner Certificate is made for
their Election ; 2. Of notice given of an Ele-
ction before fending the Habit; 3. Notice of
Election fent with the Habit ; 4. Certificate of
acceptation ; And J. of an Election not accep-
ted of.

Chap. XV. Treats of the Inveftiture of
Strangers with the Habit and Enfigns of the
Order, in four Sections : 1 . The time for fend-
ing the Habit and Enfigns unlimited ; 2. Pre-
parations made for the Legation ; 3. The Ce-
remonies of Inveftiture ; And 4. Certificates
of having received the Habit and Enfigns of
the Order.

Chap. XVI. Treats of the Inftallation of a
Stranger by Proxy, in thirteen Sedions:
1 . Touching the choice and nomination of a
Proxy; 2. The Proctor's qualifications ; 3. His
Letters of Procuration ; 4. Of the Prodor's
Reception ; 5-. The preparations for Inftallati-
on ; 6. The Proctor's Cavalcade to Windsor ;

7. Supper after his arrival there ; 8. Of the
proceeding to the Chapter-houfe ; 9. The Ce-
remonies performed therein; 10. Of the
proceeding to the Choire; 1 1 .The Ceremonies
of Inftallation ; 12. The Proctor's Offerings ;
And 13. the Dinner.

Chap. XVII, Treats of the Duties and Fees
payable by the Knights-Companions at their
Inftallations , in four Sections : 1 . Concerning
the Fees due to the Colledge of Windfor ; 2.
Fees due to the Regifter, Garter, Black Rod,
and Officers of Arms; 3. Fees belonging to
others of the Sovereign's Servants ; And 4.
Fees payable for Strangers.

Chap. XVIII. Treats of the Grand Feaftof
the Order , in ten Sections : i . The Grand
Feaft appointed to be annually kept on St.
George's day; 2.The Anniverfary ofSt. George
fixed by the Church unto the Three and twen-
tieth of April; 3. St. George's day made Fe-
(ftm duplex ; 4. The place for celebrating the
Grand Feaft afiigned to Windfor Caftle ; y. St.
George's day kept apart from the Grand Feaft,
and how then obferved ; 6. The Grand Feaft
neglected by King Edward the Sixth ; 7. Re-
moved

Chap XVII.

moved from Windsor by Queen Elizabeth ;
S. Of prorogation of the Grand Feaft ; 9. Of
CommifJ ions for prorogation ; And io.thatthe
Grand Feaft ought to be celebrated once every
year.

Chap. XIX. Of preparations for the Grand
Feaft of the Order, in eight Sections : 1. Of
Letters giving notice of the time and place ;
2. Of Difpenfations for not attending at the
Grand Feaft; 5. Of Commiflions of Lieute-
nancy and Affiftance ; 4. Warrants for the Re-
moval of Atchievements ; y. Scutcheons of
Arms and Styles ; 6. Of adorning the Chap-
pel ; 7. The furnifhing of St. George's Hall ;
And 8. Officers and Servants appointed to at-
tend at the Grand Feaft.

Chap. XX. Treats of the order of the Ce-
remonies on the Eve of the Grand Feaft , in
feven Sections : 1 . Of the beginning of the
Grand Feaft ; 2. Of fettingthe proceeding in
order ; 5. Of proceeding to the Chapter-houfe;
4. Of the openingof the Chapter ; y. Trans-
actions in the Chapter held before the firft
Vefpers ; 6. The Ceremonies relating to the
firft Vefpers ; And 7. the Supper on the
Eve.

Chap. XXI. Treats of the Order of the
Ceremonies on the Feaft day, in nine Sections:
1. The proceeding to the Chappel in the morn-
ing ; z. The proceeding to the fecond Service;

Of the Grand Procefiion ; 4. The order of
the faid Service ; 5;. The Offering of Gold and
Silver; 6.The return to the prefence ; 7-Of the
Dinner on the Feaft-day ; 8. The Ceremonies
belonging to the fecond Vefpers ; And 9. of
the Supper on the Evening of the Feaft-
day.

Chap. XXII. Treats of the Ceremonies ob-
ferved on the laft day of the Feaft, in four Se-
ctions : 1 . Of proceeding to the. Chapter-houfe
in the morning ; z. Of the elect Knights pro-
ceeding into the Choire ; 5. Of the Ceremo-
nies performed at Divine Service ; And 4. the
Diets at fome of the Grand Feafts.

Chap. XXIII. Treats of the Obfervations
of the Grand Feaft by abfent Knights , in five
Sections: 1. Abfent Knights erijoyned to ob-
fervethe Grand Feaft; 2. More particular di-
rections for their obfervation thereof; 3. How
to be obferved in cafe of Sicknefs ; 4. In what
manner the Feaft hath been obferved by abfent
Knights ; And y. Difpenfation" for abfence
granted during lire.

Chap. XXIV. Treats of Degradation of a
Knight-Companion, in three Sections : i.Of
the Degradation of a Knight Batchelor ; 2.The
manner of Degrading a Knight-Companion
of the Garter; And 3. of Reftauration into
the Order after Degrading.

Chap. XXV. Treats of Honors paid to de-
ceafed Knights-Companions, in four Sections :
1. Ol the celebration formerly of Maifes for
defunct Knights-Companions ; 2. Of fixing on
the Stalls Plates of their Arms and Styles;
3. The Offering of Atchievements ; And 4. of
depofiting the deceafed Knights Mantles in the
Chapter-houfe.

Chap. XXVI. Treats of the Founder, the
firft Knights -Companions, and their Succeifors,
in four Sections : i . Of what number they con-
fided ; 2. A lliort view of the Founder's Wars ;
5. Some account of the firft Five and twenty
Knights-Companions ; And 4. a Catalogue of
their Succellors.

Knights of the Garter.

La OF

O F

Knights Bannerets

CHAP.

«~~ »~ ^HIS Degree of Knighthood,
called by lome Equites VexiUa-
B «jj or Chevaliers a Banter, is
a moft ancient Order , having
A been ufed in England ever fince
King the Firft j and hath been always

conferred on moft deferving perfons tor their
fignal Valour, as I (hall anon take occafion to
fpeak of. . . ,

'Tis the Judgment of fome Antiquaries,that
thefe Bannerets were once ufed as a part of the
three States of the Realm j and that it was
the Cuftome of Kings hertofore to fummon by-
Writ the Lords Spiritual and Temporal , with
fuch other worthy perfons of this Order as
they thought fit to call to confult about the
Publick Affairs of the Kingdom ; which per-
fons thus alfembled were then called a Parlia-
ment. And that thofe Bannerets often ferving
their King and Country, in procefs of time ob-
tained the name of Barons, and were admitted
into the Peerage, and had their Titles affixed
to them and their Heirs. And this was the u-
fuage and cuftome of the Saxon Kings to con-
fult their Affairs without the election of the
Commons, as both Ethelred and Ed-win did.
But whether this be a truth , or only opinion, I
leave to others to difpute.

Certain it is, they always retained fome En-
figns of Honour equal to the Nobility, being al-
lowed to bear their Arms with Supporters,
which is denied to all others under the Degree
of a Baron : Alfo they take place before allVif-
counts and Barons younger Sons ; as alfo before
all Baronets, and were of fuch efteem, that di-
vers Knights Batchelors and Efquires have fer-
ved under them.

This Order in France was Hereditary , but
with us only for life to the meritorious perfon;
yet efteemed a Glory and Honour to their Fa-

XVIII.

mily. The Ceremony of their Creation is moft
Noble : The King Cor his General, which is
very rare ) at the head of his Army f drawn
up into Battalia after a Victory) under the
Royal Standard difplayed , attended with all
the Field Officers and Nobles af the Court, re-
ceives the Knight led between two renowned
Knights or valiant Men at Arms, having his
Pennon or Guydon of Arms in his Hand ; and
before them the Heralds , who proclaim
his valiant Atchievements, for which he de-
ferves to be made a Knight Banneret , and to
difplay his Banner in the Field; then the King
for General) fays unto him , Advances toy
Banneret, and caufeth the point of his Pen-
non to be rent of; and the new Knight having
the Trumpets before him founding, the Nobles
and Officers accompanying him, is remitted to
his Tent , where they are nobly entertain-
ed.

To this degree of Knighthood doth belong
peculiar Robes and other Ornaments at their
Creation.

A Banneret thus made may bear his Banner
difplayed in an Army Royal, and fet his Arms
thereon with Supporters, as may the No-
bles.

Of this Order there is at prefent none ex-
tant ;■ and the laft I read of was Sir John Smith,
made fo after Edghill fight (_for refcuing the
King's Standard from the Rebels in that Bat-
tel ) who was afterwards flain in his faid Ma-
jefties Service at Alresford in Hantftiire.

To this degree of Honour Sir William de
la More Q Anceftor to the prefent Edward
Moredi More-hall and Bank-hall in Lanca-
jhire , Efq; ) was advanced by Edwar.d the
"black Prince for his eminent Service done at
the Battel of Toi fliers in France.

-Baroiiztti :

K&1

Toka ^tc^iTs/jm/zls of -Barojwtts

■

1! -ill

Toko 8f

jtlckivements \of 'Baronets.

■i

Ciyftchxiscm&nts of Baronets

~fejZ4.. Bar. ty creation.-

■1>||||

■

. ■

BARONETS.

C H A

/ §! j H E lowed degree of Honour
that is Hereditary is this of Ba-
ronets, which was inftituted by
King James in the ninth year of
his Reign, Anno 1611. They
are created by Patent under the'Great Seal , a
form of which I fhall here fet down , which
are generally all of one form ; viz. to a Man
and the Heirs Males of his Body lawfully be-
gotten I yet fometimes the Honour is other-
wife entailed for want of IiTue Male. And the
Proeme or Argument of the faid Patent being
for the propagating a Plantation in the Pro-
vince of Ulfter in Ireland, to which the aid of
thefe Knights was ordained, or for the main-
tenance of Thirty Souldiers each of them in
Ireland for three years, after the rate of eight
pence fterling fer diem , which at firft was
payed into the Exchequers, a lump, upon the
paffing their Patents ; which with the Fees of
Honour due to Officers, amounted to above
One thoufand pounds a Man.

Their Titles are to defcend as aforefaid; and
they have precedency before all Knights, ex-
cept thofe of the Carter, Bannerets, and Pri-
vy Councellors : they are flyled Baronets in
all Writs, Commi/Iions, tSc; and the addition
of Sir is attributed unto them, as the title of
Lady is to their Wives.

They are to take place according to the pri-
ority of the date of their Patents , and no Ho-
nour is to be created between Baronets and Ba-
rons.

At the firft inflituting of this Order King
James engaged that they fhould not exceed

P. XIX.

two hundred in number, and after the faid
number ihould be compleated, if any for want
of an Heir Male ihould be extinct, there ihould
never any more be created in their room , but
that the title ihould diminifh to the honour of
them remaining. But afterwards a Commifli-
on was ordained to fill up the vacant places ,
who had inftruclions alio enacted, by which
the Commimoners were impowered to treat
withothers that defired to be admitted into the
faid Dignity, which is now allowed without
limitation ; yet with this Provifo , that they
be of good Reputation , and defcended of a
Grandfather at the leaft by the Father's fide
that bare Arms , and have alfo a certain yearly
Revenue of One thoufand pounds fer Annum
de claro.

It is alfo ordained that they and their De-
fendants, tf/>.their eldeft Sons, attaining the
full Age of One and twenty years.may receive
Knighthood ; and that they ihall in a Canton,
or in an Efcocheon ( which they pleafe ~) bear
the Arms of Ulfter, viz. in a Field Argent , a
finifter hand couped at the wrift, Gules. In the
King's Army Royal they have place in the
grofs near the King's Standard , and are al-
lowed fome peculiar Solemnities for their Fu-
nerals.

Since the firft Creation of Baronets in Eng-
land, there hath been feveral made after the
like manner in Ireland ; as alfo the Knights of
Nova Scotia in the Weft Indies by King James
upon the like defign, that is, for planting that
Country by the Scotch Colonies , and the De-
grees like wife made Hereditary.

Of Baronets.

Part II.

By the Kiti|

THE

INSTRUCTIONS

Within mentioned to be obferved by Our

COMMISSIONERS

WITHIN NAMED.

I~~"\Orafimtch as We have been flensed to
j authorize you to treat and conclude
1 with a certain number of Knights
and Efyuires, as they Jbatt prefent
themfeives unto you with fitch offers
c f affifiance for the fervice of 'Ireland, and un-
der fitch Conditions as are contained in thefe
Trefents, wherein We do refofe great truft and
confidence in your di fir et ions and integrities ,
know ingw ell, that in fitch cafes {here are fi
many dircumftances incident , its require a
choice care and confideration: We do hereby
require you to take [itch courfie as may make
known abroad both Our purpofi \and 'the autho-
rity given unto you, That by the more publick
notice thereof, {hofe persons who are difpofed to
advance fo good a Work, may in time under ft and
where and 'o whom to addrefi themfeives for
the fame ; For which purpofe We require you to
appoint fame certain place and times for their
Acccfi: which We think fittefi to be at the Coun-
cil Chamber rffWhitehall,«/>o» Wednesdays and
Fridays in the Afternoon, where youfjall make
known to them (as they come~) that thofe who
defire to be admitted into the Dignity of Baro-
nets, muft maintain the number of thirty foot
Souldiers in Ireland,/*)?- three years, after the

rate of eight pence fterliug money o/England by
the day ; And the wages of one whole year to be
paid into Our Receipt, upon the paffing of the
Tatent.

^Provided always , that you proceed with
none, except it fiaU appear unto you upon good
proof that they are men for quality , ft ate of li-
ving, and good reputation, worthy of the fame;
And that they are at the leaff defiended of a
Grandfather by the Father's fide that bare
Arms; and have alfo ofcertaiuyearly revenue
in Lands of inheritance in poffeffion,One thou-
fiand pounds per Annum de claro ; or Lands of
the old Rent, as good (in accompt) as One thou-
f and pounds per Annum of improved Rents, or
at the leafi two parts in three parts to be divi-
ded of Lands, to the j aid values in poffe ffiou ,
and the other third part in reverfion, expectant
upon one life only, holding by Dower or in
Joynture.

And for the Order to be obferved in ranking
thofe that Jhall receive the Dignity of a Baro-
net , although it is to be wified, that thofe
Knights which have now place before other
Knights Qm refpefi of the time of their % Crea-
tion) may be ranked before others (Ceteris
paribus ) yet becaufi this is a Dignity which

fiall

Chap.XlX.

fljall be Hereditary , wherein divers circum-
ftances are more confider able, than fitch aMark
as is but Temporary ( that is to fay of being
now a Knight, in time before another ) Our
fie afure is , you fliall not be fo precije , in
placing thofe that fhall receive this Dignity,
but that an Efquire of great Antiquity and ex-
traordinary Living , may be ranked in this
choice before fomeKmghts.And fo (of Knights')
a man of greater living, more remarkable for
his houfe , years , or calling in the Common-
wealth, may be now preferred in this Degree,
before one that was made a -Knight before
him.

Next, becaufe there is nothing of Honour, or
of Value, which is known to be fought or defi-
red ( be the Motives never fo good ) but may
receive fcandal from fome, who (wanting the
fame good affection to the Tublick) or being in
other confide rat ions incapable, can be content-
ed out of envy to thofe that are fo preferred, to
cafe afperfions and imputations upon them ; As
if they came by this Dignity for any other con-
federation, but that which concemeth this fo
publick and memorable a work , you fljall take
order, That the party who fljall receive this
Dignity, may take his Oath , that neither he
([nor any for him) hath directly or indirectly
given any more for attaining the Degree, or
any Trecedency in it, than that which is necef-
faryfor the maintenance of the number of Soul-
diers, in fuch fort as aforefaid, favmg the
charges of pafftng his Tatent.

And becaufe We are not Ignorant, that in the
diflributionof all Honours, moft men will be
defer oils to attain to fo high a place as they may,
in the Judgment whereof (being matter of dig-
nity') there cannot be too great caution ufed to
avoid the interruption that private partiali-
ties may breed in fo worthy a Competition.

For -afennch as it is well known, that it can
concern no other perfon fo much to prevent all
fuch Jncouveuiencies, as it mufi do our (elf ,
from whom all Honour and Dignity ( either
Temporary or Hereditary) hath his only root
and beginning , Ton fljall publiflj and declare
to all whom it may concern, That for the better
warrant of your own Actions, in this matter
of Trecedency (wherein We find you jo defi-
rous to avoid all juft Exceptions) We are de-

JL 7

termined upon view of all thofe TateuU^h7h
lhallbe fetbferibedbyyou , before the flame pafe
Our Great Seal, to take the efpecial care upon
Vs, to order and rank every man tu his due
place; And therein always to ufle the particu-
lar couufel and advice that you our lommiff-
ouers fljall give Vs , of whofe integrity and
circumjpection We have fo good experience ,
and are fo well perfwaded , as We ajitre Our
felf , you will ufe all the best means you may
to mf irmyonr own Judgments in cafe's doubt-
ful, before you deliver Vs any fuch opinion as
may leadVs in a cafe of thts Nature, where-
in our intention is (by due confederation of all
neceffary circumftances ) to give every man
that {atisf action which fiandeth with Hono,.r
and Reajon.

Laftly , having now diretledycu , how and
with what caution you are to entertain the Of-
fers of fetch as fljall prefent themj elves for this
Dignity, We do alfo require you to obferve
thejetwo things. The one, That every fuch
perfon as fljall be admitted, do enter into jufjici-
ent Bond or Recognizance to Our ufe , for the
payment of that portion which fljall be remain-
ing after the firft payment is made , which you
are to fee paid upon delivery of the Letters
Tatents : The other, That feeing thts Contri-
bution for fo publick an Action is the motive of
this Dignity, and that the greateft good which
may be expefted upon this Tlantation, -will
depend upon the certain payment of thofe Forces
which jhall be fit to be maintained in that
Kingdom, until the fame be well efitablifljed ,
the charge whereof will be bom with the
greater difficulty, if We be not cafed ly feme
fetch extraordinary means ; we require you
Our Treafurer of England , fo to order this
Receipt, as no part thereof be mixed with
Our other Treafure, but kept apart by it felf ,
to be wholly converted to that ufe to 'which it
is given and intended; And in regard thereof,
that you affiguit to be received, and the Bonds
to be kept by fome fuch particular perfon as
you fljall think good to appoint , who upon the
payment of every fever al portion , fljall both
deliver out the Bonds , and rive h/'s Acquit-
tance for the fame. For which this fljall be
yours and his the (aid Receiver's (ifficiertt
Warrant in that behalf.

Of Baronets.

THE

PRECEDENT

OF THE

PATENT

OF ,

Creation of Baronets.

REX omnibus ad quos, ?$c. Salu-
tem. Cum inter alias Imperii
noftri gerendi curas, quibus a-
nimus nofter affidue exercetur,
ilia non minima fit, nec mi-
nimi momenti , de Plantatione
Reeni noftri Hibernia, ac potiflimum Vlto-
nie, ampke Scpercelebris ejufdem Regm Pro-
vince , quam noftris jam aufpicns atque ar-
mis , foeliciter fub obfequii jugum redadtam,
ita conftabilire elaboramus , ut tanta Provin-
cia, non folum fincero Religioms cultu, hu-
manitate civili, morumque probitate , verum
etiam opum affluentia , atque omnium rerum
copia , quse ftatum Reipublica; ornare vel bea-
re point, magis magifque efflorefcat. Opus fa-
ne, quod nulli progeniterum noftrorum pra-
ftare 8c perflcere licuit, quamvis id lpfum
multa fanguinis 8c opum profufione fcpius
tentaverint ; In quo opere , folhcitudo noftra
Regia , non folum ad hoc excubare debet, ut
Plantatio ipfa ftrenue promoveatur, oppida
condantur , a>des 8c caftra extruantur , agri
colantur , 8c id genus alia ; Sed etiam profpi-
ciendum imprimis, ut univerfus hujufmodi
rerum civilium apparatus, manu armata, prs-

fidiis videlicet 8c cohortibus , protegatur &
communiatur , ne qua aut vis hoftilis, aut dc-
feclio inteftina , rem difturbet aut impediat :
Cumque nobis intimatum fit , ex parte quo-
rundam ex fidelibus noftris lubditis , quod lpfi
paratiffimi fmt , ad hoc Regnum noftrum m-
ceptum , tarn corporibus, quam fortunis fuis
promovendum: Nos commoti operis tam
fandti ac falutaris intuitu, atque gratos haben-
tes hujufmodi generofos affedtus , aque pro-
penfas in obfequium noftrum 8c bonum publi-
cum voluntates, Statuimus apudnos ipfos nulli
rei deeffe , qua: fubditorum noftrorum ftudia
prafata remunerare , aut aliorum animos at-
que alacritatem , ad operas fuas pra-ftandas, aut
impenfas in hac parte faciendas , excitare pof-
fit ; Itaque nobifcum perpendentes atque re-
putantes , virtutem 8c induftriam , nulla alia
re magis quam honore ali atque acui, omnem-
que honoris 8c dignitatis fplendorem , 8c
amplitudinem , a Rege tanquam a fonte , on-
ginem 8c incrementum ducere , ad c.u;us cul-
men 8c faftigium proprie fpedtat , novos ho-
norum 8c dignitatum titulos erigere atque m-
ftituere , utpote a quo antiqui ilh fluxennt ;
confentaneum duximus ( poftulante ufu Re-
publics

Chap XIX.

Of Baronets.

public* atque temporum ratione ) nova meri-
ta , novis dignitatum infignibus rependere :
Ac propterea , ex certa Icientia & mero motu
noftris , Ordinavimus , ereximus , conftitui-
mus, Sc creavimus, quendam itatum,gradum,
dignitatem, nomen 8c titulum Baronetti (An-
glice of a Baronet) infra hoc Regnum noftrum
Anglos: perpctuis temporibus duraturum. Sci-
atis modo, quod nos de gratia noftra fpeciali,
ac ex certa icientia & mero motu noftris , e-
reximus, prefechnus Sc creavimus , ac per pra;-
fentes pro nobis , ftaedibus, Sc Succeiloribus
noftris, erigimus, pra-firimus, & crcamus di-
leftum noltrum de
in comitatu virum, familia, pa-

trimonio , cenfu, 8cmorum probitate fpecta-
tum ( qui nobis auxilium Sc fubfidium fatis
amplum, generofo Scliberali animo dedit &
pi'ccftit, ad manutenendum & fupportandum
triginta viros in cohortibus noftris pedeftribus
in di<2o Regno noftro Hi hernia , per tres an-
nos integros pro defenfione di<Si Rcgni no-
ftri , Sc prscipue pro fecuritate plantationis
dicl«e Province ZJltonia) ad, Sc in dignita-
tem, ftatum, 8c gradum Baronetti ( Anglice
of a Baronet ) Ipfumque , Baro-

nettum pro nobis, ha>redibus, Sc fuccefToribus
nollris, pMfkimus , conftituimus 6c creamus
per prad'entes , habendum fibi , & ha-redibus
mafculis de corpore fuo legitime procreatis im-
perpetuum. Volumus etiam & per prrfentes
de gratia noftra fpeciali, ac ex certa icientia 8c
mero motu noftris, pro nobis, ha?redibus,8c fuc-
cefforibus noftris concedimus praefato

8c hsredibus mafculis de corpore fuo
legitime procreatis , Quod ipfe idem

8c h.scredes fui mafculi pra?di<fri ha-
beant, gaudeant , teneant , 8c capiant locum
atque Precedential!!, virtute dignitatis Baro-
netti praedicti, Sc vigore prsfentium , tam in
omnibus Commiftionibus, brevibus, Uteris pa-
tentibus, fcriptis, appellationibus, nominatio-
nibus, 8c dire&ionibus, quam in omnibus Sefti-
onibus,Conventibus,Ca»tibus 8c locis quibufcun-
que prx omnibus militibus, tam de Balneo(An-
glice of the Bathe) quam militibus Baccalaureis
(Anglice Batchelors\c etiam pra omnibus mi-
litibus Bannerettis (Anglice Bannerets ) jam
creatis, vel impofterum creandis (Illis militibus
Bannerettis tantummodo exceptis, quos fub
vexillis regiis , in exercitu regali , in aperto
bello, Sc ipfo Rege perfonaliter pra'fente, ex-
plicatis, & non aliter creari contigerit. Quod-
que uxores dicli Sc Haeredum maf-

culorum fuorum praedictorum, virtute didbe
dignitatis maritorum fuorum pradiclorum, ha-
beant, teneant, gaudeant, &. capiant locum 8c
pra-cedentiam, prs uxoribus omnium aliorum
quorumcunque pra: quibus mariti hujufmodi
uxorum, vigore pr-efentium habere debent lo-
cum Sc praxedentiam ; Atque quod primoge-
nitus filius , ac ca;teri omnes filii 8c eorum uxo-
res, Sc filiae ejufdem Sc hreredum
fuorum predidorum refpedtive , habeant, Sc

J capiant locum Sc pnecedentiam, anteprimoge-
nitosfilios, ac alios riliosSc eorum uxores, 8c
hlias omnium quorumcunque refpedive, prac
quibus patres hujufmodi tiliorum progenito-
rum, Sc aliorum filiorum, Sc eorum uxores, Sc
filiarum, vigore pra-fentium habere debent lo-
cum & prscedentiam. Volumus etiam , Sc
per prafentes pro nobis, haredibus, 8c fuc-
celloribus noftris , de gratia noftra fpeciali , ac
ex certa Icientia, Sc mero motu noftris conce-
dimus, quod didus nominetur,
appelletur, nuncupetur, placket Sc implacite-
tur, pernomen Baronetti; Et

quodftylusSc additio Baronetti apponaturin
fine nomin is ejufdem Sc ha-redum

mafculorum (uorum prsdidorum, in omnibus
Literis Patentibus, Commiffionibus, 8c brevi-
bus noftris, atque omnibus aliis Chartis,fadis,
atque literis, virtute prafentium, ut vera, le-
gitima, Sc neceffaria additio dignitatis. Volu-
mus etiam, 8c per prafentes pro nobis, h^redi-
bus, 8c fuccelforibus noftris ordinamus , quod
nomini didi Sc haeredum mafcu-

lorum fuorum prsdidrorum , in fermone An-
glicano, Sc omnibus fcriptis Anglicanis, pra>
ponatur haec additio , videlicet Anglice (Sir:')
Et fimiliter quod uxores ejufdem Sc
haeredum mafculorum fuorum pnedidorum,
habeant, utantur, Sc gaudeant hac appcllati-
one , videlicet Anglice ( Lady, Madam , &
Dame) refpedive, fecundum ufum loquendi.
Habendum, tenendum, utendum, 8c gauden-
dum , eadem, ftatum , gradum , dignitatem ,
ftylum , titulum, nomen, locum, Sc praceden-
tiam, cum omnibus 8c fingulis Privilegiis , Sc
ceteris pr<emiiiis, prafat. Schae-
redibus mafculis de corpore fuo exeuntibus im-
perpetuum. Volentes Sc per Prafentes conce-
dentes,pro nobis, haredibus Sc fuccelforibus no-
ftris, quod pnedidus 8c ha?redes
fui mafculi pnedidi, nomen, ftatrim, gradum,
ftylum, dignitatem, titulum, locum, 8c pra>
cedentiam pra-didam, cum omnibus 8c fingu-
lis Privilegiis, 8c ceteris prsmiiiis fucceffive,
gerant Sc habeant, Sc eorum quilibet gerac 8c
nabeat, quodque idem 8c ha>re-
des fui mafculi praedidi fucceffive Baronetti in
omnibus teneantur , Et ut Baronetti traevten-
tur Sc reputentur, Et eorum quilibet teneatur,
tracletur et rcputetur. Et ulterius de uberiori
gratia noftra fpeciali, ac ex certa fcientia et
mero motu noftris Concefiimus acper pra;fen-
tes pro nobis hseredibus et fuccefloribus noftris
concedimus prrfato 8c hsredibus
fuis mafculis prididis, quod numerus Baronet-
torum hujus Pvegni Anglia nunquam pofthac
excedet in toto , in aliquo uno tempore, nume-
rum ducentorum Baronettorum : et quod dicli
Baronetti, et eorum ha>redes mafculi pradicli
refpeftive, de tempore in tempus in perpetu-
um , habebunt, tenebunt, et gaudebunt locos
et praecedentias fuas inter fe, videlicet, quilibet
eorum fecundum prioritatem Sc fenioritatem
Creationis fua? Baronetti pra:didi; quotquot
M autem

9°

autemcreati funt, vel creabuntur Baronetti
per literas noftras Patentes, gerentes Datas u-
no Sceodemdie, 8c ha-redes lui pra-didi, gau-
debunt locis 8c precedentiis fuis inter fe fecun-
dum prioritatem , qua; cuilibet eorum dabitur,
per alias literas noftras patentes in ea parte
pritno conhcicndas, fine impedimento, & non
aliter , ncc alio modo. Et inluper de abun-
dantiori gratia noftra fpeciali , 8c ex certa fa-
entia & mero motu noftris conccffimus, ac per
prsdentes, pro nobis ha-redibus Sc fucccflonbus
noftris concedimus prsfato Sc hs-

redibus fuis mafculis praedi&is, quod nec nos ,
nec lutredes vel fucceifores noftri, de cstero in
pofterum erigemus , ordinabimus , conftitue-
mus, aut crcabimus infra hoc Regnum noftrum
Anglite aliquem aliuni gradum , ordinem , no-
men, titulum, dignitatem, five flatum fub
vel infra gradum , dignitatem , five ftatum
Raronum , hujus Regni noftri Angli* , qui e-
rit vel efle poffit fuperior, vel a-qualis gradui
Sc dignitati B.ircncttorum pra-didorum , fed
quod tam didus

redes fui mafaili pradidi , quam uxores, fiiii,
uxores filiorum & filiae ejufdem Sc
hfreduin mafculorum fuorum pradidorum,
de ca-tero in perpetuum libere & quiete habe-
ant , teneant , 8c gaudeant, dignitates, locos
8c pracedentias fuas pra-didas pra- omnibus,
qui erunt de talibus gradibus, ftatibus, digni-
tatibus vel ordinibus in pofterum, ut praefer-
tur creandi refpedive fecundum veram inten-
tionem pra;fentium abfque impedimento np-
ftro , keredum , vel fucceiTorum noftrorum ,
vel aliorum quorumcunque. Et ulterius per
pra-fentes declaramus, 8c lignificamus benepla-

Of Baronets.

Part II.

citum 8c voluntatem noftram in hac parte fore
8c eile, Et fic nobifcum ftatuimus 8c decrevi-
mus, quod fi poftquam nos pradid. numerum
ducentorum Baronettoritm hujus Regni An-
gh£ compleverimus 8c perfecerimus, Contige*
rit aliquem , vel aliquos eorundem Baronet-
torum ab hac vita difcedere , abfque ha-rede
mafculode corpore vel corporibus hujufmodi
Baronetti vel Baronettornm procreato, quod
tunc nos non creabimus, vel pra-ficiemus ali-
quam aliam perfonam , velperfonas in Baro-
netmm, vel Baronettos Regni noftri Angli/e,
fed quod numerus didorum Ducentorum Ba-
ronettoramea. ratione de tempore in tempus
diminuetur , S: in minorem numerum cedet 8c
redigetur ; Denique volumus , ac per prasfen-
tes pro nobis, hxredibus 8c fucceiloribus noftris
de gratia noiira fpeciali, ac ex certa fcientia
8c mero motu noftris concedimus prafato

8< haeredibus fuis mafculis pra-didis ,
quod ha> Liters noftra; Patentes erunt in omni-
bus, 8c per omnia firma; , valida?, bona;, fui-
ficientes 8c effeduales in lege , tam contra nos,
hsredes, 8c fucceifores noftros, quam contra
omnes alios quofcunque fecundum veram in-
tentionem earundcm , tam in omnibus curiis
noftris, quam alibi ubicunq; Non obftante ali-
qua lege , confuetudine , pra;fcriptione , ufu ,
ordinatione , five conftitutione quacunque an-
te hac edita , habita , ufitata , ordinata , five
provifa , vel in pofterum edenda , habenda ,
ufitanda, ordinandi, vel providenda : Et non
obftante aliqua alia re , caufa vel materia qua-
cunq; Volumus etiam, Sec. Abfque fine in Ha-
naperio, Sec. Eo quod exprefla mentio, 8cc. In
cujus rei,8cc. Tefte,8cc.

Chap XIX.

Baronets.

9 i

CATALOGUE

O F T H E

Baronets of England

ACCORDING

To their Creatiops from the firft Inftitution to the laft • with their
Seats and Titles exprefled in their Patents , Anno 9. Ja-
cobi Kegis, 1611.

May zz. 1611.

I R. Nicholas Bacon of Redgrave in

Suffolk, Kt.
z Sir Richard Molincux of Sefton
in Laucafljire, Kt. now Irijh Vif-
count.

3 Sir Thomas Mauncellof Mergan in Glamor-
ganjljire, Kt.

4 George Shirley of Staunton in LeiceflerJIjire
Efq;

y Sir John Stradlmg of St. Donates in G7 ( j-
morgar/Jljire, Kt.

6 Sir Francis Leeke of Sutton in Derby/hire,
Kt. now Englijb Earl.

7 Thomas Tel ham of Laughton in Sujfex, Efq;

8 Sir Richard Houghton of Houghton-To-jver in
Lancaflnre, Kt.

9 Sir Hf «rjy Hobart of Intwood in NorfolkJLt.
Attorney General to the King.

10 Sir George Booth of Dunham-Majfey in
Che/Ijire, Kt. now Engliflj Baron.

1 1 Sir 7o/i« Teyton of Ifleham in Cambridge-
fhire, Kt. Extind.

12 Lionel Talmache of Helmingham in
■ /o/^Efq;

1 3 Sir Gervafe Clifton of Clifton in Notting-
bam/lure, Knight of the Bath.

14 Sir Thomas Gerard 'of Brynm Lancajhire.
Kt.

1 j Sir Walter AflonoiTixbaU in Stafordfhire

Kt. of the Bath, fince a Baron of Scotland.

1 6 Tbilip Nevet of Buckenham in Norfolk,
Efq; Extind.

1 7 Sir 7ofoz Jf . Jofo/ of Lidiard-Tregoz, in
WiltJJjire, Kt.

1 8 .7<^« SheUey of Michelgrove in JaJ/fx ,
Efq;

29. 1 6 1 1 . 9 Jacobi.

1 9 Sir 7o<6» Savage .of Rock-Savage in Gfc -
yfe>r, now Englifli Earl.

20 Sir Franca Baringtonoi ' Barineton-hatt in
£(T«-,Kt.

2 1 HfHry Berkley of Wimundham iaLeicefler-
ffjire, Efq; Extind.

22 William Wentuuorth of Wentworth-wood-
houfe in TorkJIure, Englijb Earl.

2 5 Sir Richard Mufgrave of Hartley-Caftle in

Weftmoreland, Kt.

M 2

24 £</-

9 2

Baronet s.

Part II.

24 Edward Seymour of Bury-Tomeray in

Devon/hire, Efq;
2 j Sir Moyle Finch of EaflweU'w Kent, Kt.

now Englijh Earl.

26 Sir Anthony Cope of FbmveU in Oxford-
shire, Kt.

27 Sir Thomas Mounfon of Carleton in Lincoln-

fijire, Kt.

28 George Grefly oi'Draiedow in Derby jliire,

.Efq* ' . ; •'

29 TaulTracyot Stanway in Glocefterflnre ,
Efq;

30 Sir JohnWeutworth of Coffield in Ejjex ,

Kt.

5 1 Sir Henry Bellafis of Newborough in To?-^-
Kt. now Vifcount Fatilconberg'm Eng-
land.

32 Willi dm Conflable of Flamborough in Tiri-
_/&;>f , Efq;

3 3 Sir Thomas Leigh of Stone ley in Warwick-
shire, Kt. fince Englijh Baron.

34 Sir Edward Noel of Brook in Rutland-
Jlhire,Kl. now Vifcount Cambden in

3 j Sir Robert Cotton of Conington in Hunting-
tonjbire, Kt.

36 Robert Cholmondleigh of Cholmondleigh in
Chefljire, Efq; fince Earl of LempBer , Ex-
tinct.

37 7 0| fe Moltneux ofTaverfal in Notting-
ham/hire, Efq;

3 8 Sir Francis Worthy of Wort ley inTorkflhire,
Kt.

39 SirGVor^ Savile Senior, of Thoruhi II in
lork/lhire , Kt. now Vifcount Halifax in
England.

40 William Kniveton of MircaftoninDerby-
Jlhire, Efq;

41 Sir 2Vj/'/# Woodhoufe of Wilberly-hall in
JVfiv/o//, Kt.

42 Sir William Tope of Wilcot in Oxfordshire,
Kt. now Earl of Down in Ireland.

43 Sir James Harington of Ridlington in i?«f-
laudjlhire, Kt.

44 Sir Hf wry Savile of Met he ley in Torkjhire
Kt. Extinct.

4 j Hrary Willoughby of RiJIey in Derby/hire,
Efq; Extinct.

46 Lewes Trejloam of Rujlhton in Northamp-
tonshire, Efq; Extinct.

47 Thomas Brudenell of Dean in Northamp-
tonshire, Efq; now Earl of Cardigan in

48 Sir George St. Tatil of Snarsford in Z,/?*-
colnflhire, Kt. Extinct.'

49 Sir Thilip Tirwhit of Stainfield in
coin/hire, Kt.

jo Sir i?oj «r Dalifon of Loughten in Lincoln-

/hire, Kt. Extinct.
5 1 Sir Edward Carre of Sleford in Lincoln-

jhire,Kt.

j 2 Sir Edward Hujfey of Henington in Zj'm-

colnjlhire, Kt.
J 3 L Estrange Mordant of Maffmgham-

parva in Not foil; Efq;
54 Thomas Bendijlh of Steeple-Bemfted in
£fff -v, Efq;

5: j Sir jfofo/ Wynne of Gwidder in Carnarvan-
Jkire, Kt.

$6 Sir WilliamThrockmorton of Tortworthia

Glocefierjlhire, Kt.
J7 Sir Richard Worfley of Apledercombe in

HantJIjire, Kt.
5:8 Sir Richard Fleetwood of Calwiche in

Staforjl-jire, Kt.
5-9 Thomas Spencer of Tarnton in Oxford/hire,

Efq; 1

60 Sir Tufton of Hothfield in Keut,Kt.

61 Sir Samuel Tey ton of Knowltou in JCwrf,
Kt.

62 Sir Charles Morrifon of Caijhohtry in Hwf*
fordjbire, Kt. Extinct.

63 Sit Henry Baker of SiJJinghurft in Kent,
Kt.

64 i?og-?r Apleton of Sonth-Bemfted in Effex,
Efq;

6y Sir William Sidley of Ailesford and South-
fleet in & « f , Kt.

66 Sir William Twifden of Royden-hall in
Easl-Teckham in Krtrf, Kt.

67 Sir Edward Hales of Woodchurch , and
now of Tunflall in Ke#f , Kt.

68 William Monins of Walderfljer in ZO«f

69 Thomas Mildmay of Mulfljam in fife
Efq;

70 Sir William Maynard of Eaftanes, or
y?o« paw a in Kt. now Englijh Ba-
ron.

71 Henry Lee of Qtiarendon in Bitckingham-
Jhire, Efq; now Earl of Litchfield in -EWg-

1 6 1 2. JVfl2\ 25-.

72 Sir John Tortman of Orchard in Somerfet-
Jlhire, Kt.

73 Sir Nicholas Saunderfon of Jrfx/yi in Lin-
coln/hire, Kt. now Vifcount Caftleton in Ire-
land.

74 Sir Miles Sandys o{ Wimbleton in the Ifle
of £/y,Kt.

7j William Goftwick of Willington in Bed-
fordshire, Efq;

76 Thomas Tuckering*)? Wefton in Hirtford-
JJjire, Efq; Extinct.

77 Sir William Wray of Glentworth in Z/«-
colnjbire, Kt.

78 Sir William Ay loft e of Braxfled magna in

r, Kt.

Nov. i.*;. 1612.

79 Sir Marmaduke Wivell of Conft able-Bur-
ton in lork/lhire, Kt.

80 y$/W/ of flbr/fr? in Staffordshire ,
Efq;

81 Fwk-

Chap XIX.

Baronets

8 1 Franca Engles field of Wotton-Baffet in
Wlltflnre, Efq; '

82 Sir Thomas Ridgeway of Torre in Devon-
Jbire, Kt. now Earl of Londonderry in Ire-
land.

83 William Effex of Bewcott in Berk/ljire ,
Efq;

S 4 Slr Edward Gorges of Langford in 7F//Y-

Kt. fince a Baron of Ireland.
8 j Edward Devereux of Cafile-Bromwich in

WarwickJbire,Efq; now Vifcount Heref ord

in England.

86 Regiual of Buckonnock in Comwal
Efq; fincc an £//g/;/2; Baron.

87 Sir Harbottle Grimsdou of BradfJeld in

[it.

W Sir Thomas Holt of Aft on juxta Burmim-
bam in Warwic&Jbire, Kt.

>5>/r. 24. 16 ix.

89 Sir Robert Naper alias of Zratfow-

Woo* in Bedfordjljire, Kt.
9° f Banning of Bent ley pajrva'm Eflex

iince Vifcount in England, Extinct.
9! Sir Richard Temple of JW in Buckmz-

hamjljire, Kt.

92 Thomas Teuy (lone of Leigh in Suffex, Efq-

93 My 27. 1615. Thomas Blackjfone of Black-
ftone in the Bilhoprick of Zte-Az^.Efq-

94 10. Sir iJo^,-; Zto-zwr of /fiw in
Kt. fmce Earl of Carnarvan.i

9? April s . 1617. Sir Rowland Egertou of E-
gerton in Chefijire, Kt.

96 A'', 15 ' Townrend of Rainham in
Norfolk, Efq; now an Z^/V/ft Baron.

97 J> wo « Cferi of Saljord in War-
wickfljire, Efq;

98 0#. 2. Edward Fitton of Houfeworth in
CheJhire,Efq; Extinct.

99 ylfojr/j 1 1. Sir Richard Lucy of 'Broxinrne
in Flerljordjbire , Kt. now enjoyed by Sir
Kiugjmill Lucy of Facombe in Hantjhire.

100 Mayx<$. 161%. Sir Matthew Boynton of
Bramfion in Torkjliire, Kt.

101 Julyx^. Thomas Littleton of Frankley in
WorceJlerJlAre , Efq;

102 T)ec.xis. Sir Francis Leigh of Newnham
in Warwickjlure, Kt. an Earl, Ex-
tinct.

103 F^. 25-. Thomas Burdet of Bramcote in
Warwickshire, Efq;

104 March 1. George Morton of St. Andrews
Milborn in Dor\etJbire, Efq;

iojr Mjyji. 1 61 9. Sir William Hervey of
Kidbrook in Kt. fince a Baron of £W-

landaad Ireland, now Extinct.

106 Thomas Mac kworth of Normau-
tnn in Rutlandfljire, Efq;

1 07 15-. William Grey of Chillingh am in
Northumberland, Efq; now Baron in
England.

108 >/y 19. William Villiers of Brooksby in
Leicejierjhire, Efq.-

109 >/y 20. Sir of~We(Uu7y~in

WiltJhireJLr.fmce Earl of Aflwk
borough in England.

110 ™ Z J- WlUlam Hlch ° f Beverslon
in GloceSlerJIure, Efq;

in Sept. 17. Sir Beaumont of Cole:

ortonin Leicejierjhire, Kt. fince a Vifcount
or Ireland.

1 12 Nov. 10. Henry Salisbury of Leweney in

Deubeigh/hire, Efq;
11 J 16. Erajmns Drideu of Canons. AJ1;.

by in NorthamptonJIjire, Efq-
114 28. fl^&ap Armme of Ofgodby in

Lincolnjhire, Efq;
1 1 ^ ZVr. 1 . Sir //7//az»2 Bambury of Howtoji

mTork/ljire,Kt. Extinct.
116 3. Edward Hartop of Freathby in

Leicejierjhire, Efq.
II7 r,r ?I>^ M// of CamsXgun fffl

otijlex, Elq;

1 1 8 ja«.2 1. Francis RatclijJ 'of Darrnt-water
in Cumberland, Efq;

119 Sir David Foulis of Inglebymau-
nour in Torkjlnre, Kt.

120 16. 'Phillips of BariuQton in

SomerfetJIjire, Efq;

121 Mar. 7 . Sir Claudius Ferfter of Br am-

burgb-Caftle in Northumberland
Kt. '

122 X]. Anthony Chester of CW^/m, in

Buckinghamjbire, Efq;

123 28. 1620. Sir SamuelTryon of Laire.
Marney m Z^f-v, Kt.

124 April x.Adam Newton of Charlton in

Kent, Efq;

12J 12. Sir #o^/V>- of Hatfield-

Woodhall in Hartjordjhire , Kt.
fince a Baron of England.

1X6 r ,fc GM'rtGerrard of Harrow-hill

in Middlefex, Efq;
127 il% j. Humphrey Lee of ; n
Shropjljire, Efq; ^
j. Richard Bemey of T ark-hall in
Redham in Norfolk, Efq;
20. Humphrey Forfter of Aldermafton
in Berkjlnre, Efq;

29. 2&tatf of Lenchwick in
Worceflerjljire, Efq; Extinct.

30. Bellingham of Helfingtou
in Wejlmorelaud, Efq; Extinct.

31. William Telverton of Romham
mNorfolk,Efq; &

133 1. 7o/j« Scudamore of Holm-Lacy in

Herefordjliire , Efq; now an 7r*/&
Vifcount.

134 2. Sir Thomas 60^ of Stitnam in

Terkjijire, Kt.
J 3J .7"^« Tackington of Alisbury in

Buckinghamjbire, Efq;

136 2S. y^/7j/o?z of Zfz/fy in Zrf/ftvz*

./7;/>-f,Efq;

137 7»/> i.Sir iS^f^ tt^j- of CzWf« in

Glocefterjljire, Kt. now Vifcount
Camden in England.

138

12S
129
130

132

'it.' 1 .

luff 1 :;

Baronets.

139
140

141

•43
M4
145

?i— — —

( g «^ ^■Sammas.Rdims ofGlajfenbwy
in Kent, Kt. . *

8. 7o/;b Huwn' of Kaww in

tore, Efq; „
Z.Edward Fryer of Water-Eaton in
Oxfordfiire,E^ Extinct
n SfeW Of&>r» of Wo« in
r«fi*>r«,apwEarl of 2W*y in
Eneland. -J", r r

2.O. Henry FeltondiTlayford in .J«/-
foWyEfq;

jo. William Ch.illoner of Gisborow

in lorljfjire, Efq;
24. Sir T/W/.-w of Tar ham in
Jwj/f-v, Kt. ■ .
26. Sir Francis Vincent of
/5f>-H0« in Surrey, Kt.
146 /W.27. Henry Clere oi Ormsby in A'or-

Jflhrcl 8. Sir Titchbome of

Titchbome in Hantpire, Kt.
Afov-r. 1621. Sir mchardWflbrahmoi
'^•■"S-S f/fW/Vjy in Che/bire,VLt.
1Aq 8. SuThomas Delves of Dudding-
W toninCheJljire,Kt.

If0 7««*3- &Iws.w*f*<* Rochng-
5 ham-Caftlem Northampton/hire

Kt. fince an Engli/h Baron.
iy i ao. Sir 7*9*«t TWwf of

InunlnFLent, Kt.
,« 7«/)' ?. Sir iJ/c^r^ flo&rij of 7r«ro in

Cornwall,^, now Baron 7r«ro.
1 c 2 19- # of Cbaford in K>»f,
Efq;

i ?4 J?«.6. 7Ww Darnell o£ Heyling in

Liiicolnftire, Ei~q;
,c< 14- Sir 7J2wc Si dleyoi' Great Chart in
" Kf»?,Kt.
jy6 m'S Robert Brown otWalcot m Nor-
thamptonshire, Efq; ,,,,,„ •
if 7 Off 11. JohnHewit olHeadlcy-hallm
1 ' Tor/jhirc, Efq;
ij8 ib. Henry Jemeganoi Coffey mNor-

iJq'novX Sir Nicholas Hide of Albury in
Hertford/hire, Kt. Extindt.

160 9. JW» 5%'«^* °f 23y<s?0 » inTra-
brokejhire, Efq;

j6i 14. Sir.7(>fo Jff/'WJ of Trendergaft
in Tembrokejhire, Kt.

162 25<rc.y. Baldwin Wake of Clevedon in
' Somerset '/hire, Efq;

16? 20. William Maftjam oWigh-Laver

164 2.1. John ColebrondoiBoc ham vaSuj-
(c v Eki *

,6 ? 7d». 4' Sir >&« Ho*to» of Scarborough
miorlJhire,Ys£.

166 14. FrdH«* of Mudlefcotnb

in Carmarthen/hire, Efq;

167 18. Edward Towel of Tenkelley in

Hereford/Iiire, Efq; Extindt.
j 68 Feb.16.Sir JohuGerrard or Garrard of
Ltfw«- in Hartfordjhire, Kt.

169
170
171
172
173
'74
175:
176

177
178
179
180
181
182

183

«*4
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192

'93
i94
■95
196
197
198
199

Part II.

13. Sir Richard Grofvenour of .Eaftra
in Che/bire, Kt.
jVfor.i 1. Sir HfKry -M 00 ^ °f Garefdon in
VViltfljire, Kt. Extindt.

17. Barker of Grimftm-hall in
Trim Icy in Suffolk, Efq;

18 Sir William Button of in

26. 1611. John Gage oiFerl'e in
/f jc, Efq;

Af<™ i^.William Goreing of Burton in
jKflf.v, Efq;

18. Tfff^ Courteen of Aldington in
Worcefterjloire, Efq; Extindt.

a j . Sir Richard Norton of Rctherfield

in Hantjhire, Kt.
50. Sir John Laventhorp of Shingle-
hall mHerlfordJljire,Kt.
June \. Cap ell Bedell of Hamerton in
Huntinttonftnre, Efq; Extindt.
13. 7o/j« M of VVeflwoodhey in

Berkflnre, Efq;
15. William VVilliams of Veyttol'm.

CarnarvauJIjire, Efq;
18. Sir Francis Afliby of Hatfield in
Middlesex, Kt.
7a/y 3. Sir Anthony Afaley of St. G/7w-
Winborne in Dorfetfljire, Kt. Ex-
tindt.

4. 7"^"' Cooper of Rochbourn in
'Hant/l}ire,Eiq;no\v Earl o[ Shaftf-
bury in England.
1 7. Edmund Trideaux of Netherton
in Devot/Jljire, Efq;

21. Sir Thomas Hajelrigg of 2Vb«/Zf)'in
Leicefterjljire, Kt.

22. Sir Thomas Burton of Stockerfton
in Leicefter/iiire, Kt.

24. Francis Foliamb of Walton in

DerbyJIiire, Efq; Extindt.
30. Edward Tate of Buck! and in
Berk/ljire, Efq;
Aug. 1. George Chudleigh olAjhton in Z)f-
vonfhire, Efq;
2. Francis Drake of Buckland in

Devonfiire, Efq;
13. William Meredith of Stanjly in
Denbigh/hire, Efq;
Otl.xi.Hugh Middleton of Ruthin in

Denbigh/hire, Efq;
Mm, 1 x.Gijford Thornhurftoi Agne-Court
inJCfK?,Efq;
ib.Tercy Herbert of Rede aft le in
Montgomeryshire, Efq;
Dff .7. Sir i?o£f rf F*/&ir of Tackington in
Warwickfljire, Kt.
1 8. Hardolph Waftneys of Headon in

NottinghamJIjire, Efq;
20. Sir Hf«^ Skipwith otTreftwould
in Lincolnfoire, Kt.

22. Thomas Harris or of /Jor^-
d«o« in Shroppire, Efq;

23. Nicholas Tempeft of JW/tf in the
Bifhoprick of Durham, Efq;

209

Chap.XiX.

200 Feb. 16. Francis Cottmgton of Hiumiarti
in Middlejex, Efq; fince an Engliih Baron,
and now Extinct.

201 April 12. 1625. 'Thomas Harris of Tong-
Casfle in Shropjhire, Efa Extinct.

202 28. Edward Barkham of South-
■ acre in A'orf , Efq;

205 July John ' Corbet of Sproufl on in Nor-
folk, Efq;

204 Ag. 1 5. Sir Thomas Tlayters of Softer ley
in JWfoW, Kt.

Baronets according to their Crea-
tions by King Charles the
Firft.

205 Julyr~]. 1626. Sir John AMeld of Ne-
therhall in j&JWi, Kt.

206 Sept. 8. nry Harptir of Gz//£f in T)erby-
Jljire, Efq;

207 2)ff. 20. Edward Seabright of Besford
in Worceflerjhire , Efq;

208 J<«. 2.9- Beaumont of Grace-dieu in
Leiceflerfljire, Efq; Extinct.

209 iw. 1 .Sir Edward Tiering of ' Surrenden-

Deriug in iG?7/f, Kt.

210 j.Giw?? Kempe of Teutloiie in £'/7f.*\

Efq;

21 1 Mar. 10. William Brereton of Hmford in

Chefiiire, Efq;

212 12. Tat rictus Cur wen of Workinton

in Cumberland, Efq; Extincl.

213 William Ruffel of Witley in Wor-
cefterjljire, Efq;

214 14. .7<>A« Sfencer of Offley in Bzrf-

fordfiire, Efq;
21 j 17. Sir G/'/m Eftcourt of Newton in
Wiltjhire, Kt.

216 Apr.ig. 1627. Thomas Aylesbury Efqjone

of the Matters of Requefts, Ex-
tinct.

217 21. Thomas Style of Water inbury in

JtWtf, Efq;

218 My 4. Frederick Cornwallis of

in Suffolk, Efq;

219 7. DriteDrury of in i\Tor-

/o//, Efq;

220 8. William Skeffingt on of Fijljerwkk

in Staffbrdf/jire , Efq;
22r 11. Sir Robert Crane of Chiltonin Suf-
folk, Kt. Extinct.

221 17. Anthony Wmgfield of Goodwins in

J>//To^, Efq;
22 j 17. William Culpeper of Trefton-hall

in Kraf, Efq;
224 Gz'/>.r Bridges of Wilton in

fordjlnre, Efq;
225; 7o<?w K»7f of Much-marcle -in

Herefordflnre, Efq;
216 20. Sit Humphrey Stiles of Beckham

in /G? //; , Kt. , Extinct.

I 5

227 21. Hf//ry iV/oor of jn j5«-/-

./Z;/>f, Efq;

228 28. Thomas Heale of Fleet in Tlevou-

Jhire, Efq;

229 70,67/ Ca-leton of Holcombe in O.v-
fordjfjire, Efq; Extinct.

250 jo. Thomas Maples of Stow in ffc-
tingt on/bire, Efq; Extinct.

231 M/yjo. 162.7. Sir John I/ham of Lam-
port in Norihamptonfiire, Kt.

2 3 2 Henry Bagot of Blithfield in Jtof-

ford/hire, Efq;

233 31. Zfaw Tol/ard of Kmgs-Nimfh

in Devonjhire, Efq;

234 Jkwi i.Francis Manvock of Giffords-hatt

in JVo/f in Suffolk, Efq;
23 j 7. Hevry Griffith of Agues-Burton

in lorkjlnre, Efq; Extinct.
236 8. Lodowick Tiyer of Staughton in

Huntingtonjhire, Efq;
237' 9. Sir MigA Stukeley of Hinton in

Hant/bire,Kt.

238 26. Edward Stanley of Bickerfiaffin

Lanca/ljire, Efq;

239 28. Edward Littleton of Tillaton-

hall in S: afford flnre, Efq;

240 Jw/y 7. Ambrofe Brown of Betfworth-

Caftle in Jaw r, Efq;

241 8. Sackvile Crow of Llanherne in

Caermarthenfljire, Efq;

242 1 1 . Michael Live fey of Eaft-church

in the Ifie of Sheppy in Kra?, Efq;
Extinct.

243 1 7. Simon Bennet of Benhampton in

Bucks, Efq;

244 19. Sir Thomas Fi/ljer of St. Giles's in

the Fields in Middlesex, Kt.
24$ 23. Thomas Bowyer of Legthorn in
Suffex, Efq;

246 29. i?7tf.r Bacon of Milden-haU in

.fefc//J,Efq;

247 Sept.1g.J0hn Corbet of JYo/ff in Shrop-

flnre, Efq;

248 0£?. 3 1. Sir Edward Tirrill ofThorntou in

Bucks, Kt.

249 f>/?.i8. Az/K Dixwell of Tirlingham'vx

Kent, Efq;

2 jo March 10. Sir Richard Toung, Kt. Ex-
tinct.

2J1 Mayb. 1628. William Tennyman Junior
of in Torkfhire, Efq; Ex-

tinct.

252 7. William Stonehoufe of Radley in

Berk/hire, Efq.
25:3 21. Sir Thomas Fowler of Ifiington in

Middlefex, Kt.
zyq 7«w 9-Sir Fenwick of Fenwick in

Northumberland, Kt.
50. Sir William Wray of Trebitch in

Cornwall, Kt.
2j6 7"^V 1. Trelawney of Trelawney in

Cornwall ^Efq;
257 14. JohnConyersof Horden'mthe'Bi-

ihoprick of Durham, Gent.

2J8

Of Baronet r.

9 6

Baronet f.

Part li.

aj8
ajg
260
16 1
262
263
264
26)
266
267
268
269
270
271
272

274

276

2-77
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
28;
286
287
288
289

Julym-Johu Bottes ofScampton in Lin-
col/i/lj!re, Efq;
25-. Thomas AftoH of Ajion in Chejlnre,
Efq;

50. Keuelme Jenoure of Much-Dnn-
more in w, Efq;
y%.i5.Sir .7o/* fW« of Newtown in
Montgomeryshire, Kt.

19. Sir Richard Beaumont of Whitley
mlorijbire iKt.

29. WilliamWifemait ot Caufie Id-hall
in a-, Efq;
Sept .1 . Thomas Nightingale of Newport-
pond'm EJfex, Efq;
2. 7o/.« Jaques of
Efq; Extinct.
6. Robert Dillingtono'i

in the I fie of Wg/tf, Efq;
12. Francis'Pileof Compton in
J&fVv , Efq;

7o/.vz TW<? of JTwr in Tlevonjlnre,

14. William Lewes of Langors in
Brecknockftitre, Elq;

20. WilliamCulpeper di Wakehurftin
Siiffex, Efq;

0(5. 3, -jPf/«r Vanloor of Tylehurft in
Berlfljire,E(q; Extinct.
9. Sir jo/6» Laurence of Izw in
OKtf, Kt.

23. Anthony Slingesby of Screvin in
Torkjlure, Efq;

24. Thomas Vavasour of Hafelwood in
Torkjliire, Efq;

AW.24. Robert Woljeley of Wolfeley in

Staffordshire, Efq;
2)^.8. itof i?7^W of Aberghaney in CtfiT-
marthenflhire, Efq;

18. Richard Wifemau of Thunder fley
in Effex, Efq;

1 9. Henry Ferrers of Skellingthorp in
Ltncolnflhire, Efq;

_7^«- 3- 5^6* Anderfonoi St.Ives in Hw/-
tingtonflhire, Efq;
19. Sir William Rnffel of Chippenham

in Cambridgeflhire, Kt.
29. Richard Everard of Much-wal-
tham in Efiex, Efq;
Thomas Towell of Berkinhead in
Chefiire, Efq;
March 3. William Luckiu oiWaltham in
Efq;

29. 1629. Richard Graham oi Eske
laCumberland, Efq;
April z. George Twifleton of Barly in

Torkflhire, Efq;
Mzjy 30. William Ait on of the City of

London, Efq;
7««f 1 . Nicholas L'Eflrange of Hunftan-

ton in Norfolk, Efq;
. iy. 7°^" Holland of Quiddeuham in
'Norfolk, Efq;
24. Edward Alleyn of Hatfield in
/f .v, Efq;

290 7*^ 2 - Richard Earle of Craglethorpe

in Lincolnshire, Efq;

29 1 AW . 28. Robert T)ucy of the City of

</c«, Alderman.

292 April 9. 1630. Sir Richard Greenvile of

Kilkhamptou in Cornwall, Kt.

293 Juveiz, 163 1. Charles Vavafour o( Kil-

lingthorp in Lincoln/hire, Efq;
294. Ff^. 19. 1638. Sir Edward Tirril of

Thornley in Bucks, Kt.
a 9) July 1.0. 1640. Edward Mofely of Rowl-

Hone in Staffordshire, Efq;

296 7 <OT - 8- Martin Lumley of Bardfeld in

EJfex, Eiq;

297 Feb. 15. William Dalfion of Dalston in

Cumberland, Efq;

298 19. Henry Fletcher of Hutton in the

Foreft in Cumberland, Efq;

299 March 4. Nicholas Cole of Braucepeth in

the Bifhoprick of Durham, Efq;

300 April 23. 1 64 1. Edmund Tye of Lff,£-

hamfled in Bucks, Efq;

301 iWizj 1 26. Simon Every of Egginton in

Derbyshire, Efq;

302 29. William Langley of Higham-Gobi-

on in Bedfordjhire, Efq;

303 7"" f 8- William Taflon of Oxnead in

Norfolk, Efq; now Vifcount T«r-

mouth in England.
3 04 11. James Stonehoufe of Arner den-hall

in S/iw, Efq;
30^ 24. JohnTalgrave of Norwood-Bar-

ningham in Norfolk, Efq;

306 2 J. Gerard Nippier of Middle-Mer*

t ball in Dorfetflhire, Efq;

307 28. Thomas Whitmore of Apley in

Shropfliire, Efq;

308 29. 7°^"' Maney of Linton in

309 30. Sir 77)0 *»Af Cdff Junior of Stanford

in Nortbampton/lhire,Kt.

310 Sir Chriftopber Telvertou of Eafton
Mauduit in Northamptonshire,
Kt.

3 1 1 7"^ ^-William Boteler of Zi=/?07iJ in K>»f,

Efq;

312 Sir Thomas Hatton of Long-Stanton
in Cambridgjhire, Kt.

313 7. Thomas Abdy of Flex-kail in

y^JC, Efq;

314 14. Thomas Bampfield of Tollmore'm

Devonshire, Efq;
315- Sir 7°™ Cotton of Landwade in

Cambridgflhire, Kt.

316 1 j. Sir <ft'wzo» 7)' Ewes of Stow-ball in

<5afi^, Kt.

317 Henry Frederick Thinn of Caufe-
Cafile in Shropjhire, Efq;

318 John Burgoyne of Sutton in ZW-
ford/hire, Efq;

319 16. 7°^ Northcote of Hw/f in 2>-

•vonflnre, Efq;

320 17. Sir William Drake of Sherdelow

in Bucks^Kx.

321

Chap.XlX.

Baroneis.

321' 23. Thomas Rous of Roufe-Leticb in

Worceftfrflure,Efq.
322 Ralph Hare of Stow-Bardolph in

Norfolk, Efq.
izijaly 24. 1641 Sir John Norwich of Bramp-

tonin Nortbamptonjhire,^. j
324 ■ 26. 7"^« Bro^ulow of Belt on near

Grantham in Liucolu/ljire,Efq.
32J 27. William 'Brdw'&fi of Humby in

Lineal 'njljire, Efq.

326 28. Ju^/J Sidenham of Erimpton in

Somerfetfiire, Elq. !

327 Henry Trat of ColejfjaU in Berk-
Jhire, Efq; ,

328 Francis Nichols of Hardwick jn !
Nortbamptonfure , Efq.

329 30. Sir William'Strickland of ' Boynton

in TdrkJIjire, Kt.
3 3 o 4. Sir Tta^f Wolnche of T>admafton\

in ShropJhire,Kt.'
331 Thomas Mauleverer qf AUerton-

Mauleverer in Torkfljire, Eiq. "' '
331 William ' Bought on of Lawforji. in >

' tfhr&ictfbife, Efq. ' ~~"'" j

333 John Chichesler o( Raleigh inDe-
vonjljire, Elq. *

334 Norton Knatchbitll of Merjham-
Hatch in Kent, Efq,

3 3 j Windham of Ti If den-Court

in Dor fet hire, Efq. Extind.

336 9. Richard Carew of /Ihtony in Corn-

wall, Efq.

337 W.#<^ Caftletou of St. Edmonds- ■
bury in Efq.

338 Richard "Price of Gogarthau in
CardiganJliire,Efq.

Tori/hire, Efq.

340 1 1 . William Springe of Takenham in

JV/fo/^Efq.

341 ThomasTrevor of Enfield in Mi d-
dlefex, Efq.

342 Sir John Curfon of KedlejloninDer-
byfhire, a Baronet of Scotland.

343 0w» of Orrelton in
brokejljire, Efq.

344 12. Morton Briggs of Baughton in

Shropjhire, Efq.
34y HMfc* tieyman of Somerfield in

Kf«r,Efq.

346 Thomas Sandford of Howgi U-Caff/e
in Weftmoreland, Efq.

347 14. Sir Tranc'u Rhodes of Barlbrouih

in Derby (hire, Kt.

348 Richard Sprienellof Coppenthorve
inTorkJl } ire,Efq. ** «

349. Sir John Totts of Mannineton in

Norfolk,Kt. 6
3 ;o 1 4. 1 64 1 .Sir Jo^;/ Goodrich of Rib/Ian

in Tori/hire, Kt.
3Ji 16. ft^frr Bindlofe of Borwick in

LaticaJhire,Efq.
3J2 William Walter of ' Sarefden in 0*-

/or^WjEfq,

97.

7*i)»z«f Lawjty 0 f Spoonbill in
Sbropjhire, Efq.
3J 4 Sept.h.Wi Uiam Farmer of Eflon-Neflonln

Nortbamptonjhire, Efq.
35-5 QiJobuDavye of Off</y in Srem-

7^/>f,Efq. . .

356 r^. Thomas •Rett us of Rackbeath in

. . Norfolk, Efq.,
IWDec.u. William Andrews of Denton in

Nortbamptonjhire, Efq.
3?8 John Meaux of in the

. l(le of Wight, Efq.
3J9 i4.Siri?/c/j,/>-^ Gumey Kt.Lord Mayor
of the City of London.

360 15. Thomas Willis of Fen-Ditton in

Cambridgfljire, Efq.

361 Francis Armitage of Kirilees in
Tortjhire, Efq.

$62 18: Richard Halford of Fftfftw in
LeicefterJIjire,Efq.

363 24." Sir Humphrey Tuft on of the 20fc«
, near Maidllone in Kt.

364 .30. Edward Coke of Langfordin Der-
■ btjbire, Efq.

l6^an.zi. Ifaac ASlley of Melton^Conftable
in Norfolk, Efq.

366 SirDavid Cunningham of London ,
a Baronet of Scotland.

367 22. Sir ,7<jA« Rayney of Wrotham in

Kf«f, a Baronet of Scotland.

368 29. Eldred of Saxbam Magna
0 in J«jfo/-£, Efq.

369 John G ell of Hopton in Derb\1hire
, Efq "

370 Sir Vincent Corbet of Morton-Corbet
in Shropfijire, Kt.

371 iW.4. Sir 7<>£« iCy of Woodfdme in Tor^-
. .. ■Jbire,Kt.

372 y. 7Xow^j 7Vo#d/> of Cafewick in

colnjlnre, Efq.

Ill Mar. i- Edward Thomas of Michells*
Town in GlamorgaiiJljire,Efq.

374 4. Sir William Cowper of Ratling-
Court in Kf»«,a Baronet of Scotland

.37 j 5. Dernier Strut of Little-Worley-
Hall in £/f x y Efq;

376 ... 8. William St. Quintiu of Harpbam

in TorkJIiire ,Efq.

377 14- Sir fo^a? 0 f Gilfitm in

Norfolk, Efq.

378 16. M« i?fW of Brocket-hall in

hartfordjhire, Efq.

379 y^r.9. 1642. ^iwm Enyan of F/owf in

Nortbamptonjhire, Efq.

380 1 9. Sir Edmond Williams of Marne-

bnll in Dorfetjljire, Kt.

381 2Z. John Williams of Mitifler in the

i/fr 0/ 77;<i/7^ in Efq.

382 29. Wmtoitr of Hiiddmgton in

Worcefterjljire, Efq.
3 8 3 A% 4-Jo/ot B or Life of Bockmer in Z?«r£r

Efq. '
384 6. flfwry Knollys of Grove-place in

Hant/hire, Efq. Extind.

N j g j

9 _l

386
387
388
389
390

J9»
39*

Baronets.

Part II.

1 1 ._7o/j« Hamilton of the City of Lon-
don, Efq;

iz.Edward Morgan pfLlanternam in

Monmouthflure,Efq.
1 3. Sir Nicholas Kemeys of Keven-

Mabley in Glamorganshire, Kt.
i^.TrevorWilliams ef Llangibbye in

Monmoutfljire, Efq;
1 G.JohiiReresby of Thribergh in 7or^-

//iwfjEfq;
1 7 .William lngilby of Ripley in 2V-6-

394
39?

396

397

398

399
400

/?/>?,Efq;
\%.Toymngs Moore of Lojeley in iTar-
riy,Efq;

ig.Chriftopher'Dawney of Cowick in
Jif/^/rfjEfq;
393 7 r «»? 3- Thomas Hampfon of Tap low in,
Z?«fj(\r,Efq;

Thomas IViUiamfon of Eaft-Mark-
ham in Kf *f, Efq;
William Denney of Gillinghamm
Norfolk, Efq;
11. Chriftop her Lowther of White-

haven in Cumberland, Efq;
1 3 .Sir Thomas Alfton of 0</f # in iW-

fordJhire,Kt.
20. Edward Corbet of Leighton in

Montgomeryshire, Efq;
2).G(wgf Middle ton of Leighton An

Lane ajh ire, Efq;
28. Edward Tayler of Thoralby in
To^^^VfjEfq.

401 9. Sir William Widdrington of W/V-

drington in Northumberland,^.

402 20. MatthewValckenburgh of Middle-

hig in Tork/ljire, Efq.

40 3 T hi lip Constable of Evtringham in

Torkjhire, Efq.

4C4 30.1642. Ralph BkickslonofGibfide
in the Biflioprick of Durham, Efq.

40 J Ajj.S.Sir Edw. Widdrington of Cartington
in Northumberland, a Scotch Ba-
ronet.

1 ^.Robert Markham of Sedgbrook in
Lincoln/hire, Efq.
Thilip Hutgate of Saxton in 7i»*<£-
yfoVf, Efq.

Stephen Lennard of Weft-wickbam
in K>/rf, Efq.
24.Sk William Thorold of Marilon in

Lincolnflnn^X..
zc/.Walter Rudjlon of Hay ton mTork-

Jbire,Efq.
30. Walter Wrote/ley of Wrotejley in
jta/or^/ZwVfjEfq.
Thomas Bland of Kippax-Tark in
Torkjlnre, Efq.

4 1 3 1 . Robert Throckmorton of Coughton in

Warwicijhire,E(q.

414 10. William Halton of Samford in Ef-

fex, Efq.

41 y z6. Brocket Spencer of Offley in H<rf-
fordjliire, Efq.

406
407
408
409
410
411
412

27. Edward Golding of Cvlfton-B/iffet
in Nottinghamshire, Efq.
William Smith of Crantoci in Ci>ra-
tivi/V, Efq.
4 1 8 0#o£. 1 -Hf wry i/f »» of Wingfeld in
yi;>f,E.fq.

416
417

4'9

5. ifa/zYr Blount- of Sqdingtotf .in
WorcejlerShire, Efq.
420 l^.Adam Littleton oi Stoke- Mi Iburge
in Shropjhire, Efq.
Nov. z.Thomas Lidell of Ravevjlmlme-
Cajlle in the Eilhoprick of 'Durham,
■ Efq.

422 '9. Richard Lawday of Exeter in 2)f-

■vontlnre, Efq. Extinct,
42 3 Feb. ^.Thomas Chamberlaine of Wkkham

in Oxfordfyire, Efq.
424 28. Henry Uunlokt 'of Wingarworth'm

DerlyJIji're, Efq.
42 j Thomas Badd of Cames-Oyfells in

Hantjlnre, Efq.

426 Mar.zo. Richard Crane ofWood-Rifing in

Norfolk, Efq. Extinct.

427 21 . Samuel Danvers of Culivorth in

Northamptonshire, Efq.

428 jfo/y 3. 164 3 . Henry Anderfon of 'Tenleyin

Hartford/hire, Efq.

429 17. William Vavafour of

in Torkfiire, Efq. Extinct.

430 z$.Sii Henry Jones of Abermarles in

Caernarvanffjire^ Kt.

43 1 1. 1 64 3. Sir Edward Walgrave ofHe-

ver-Caftle in jK>/rt, Kt.

432 Ot~tob.z%~-JohnTate of Syjonby in Z,f/cf-

/zVr/foaVf.Efq.

433 Nov.').' John Bale of Carleton-Curley in

Leiceflerflrire, Efq.

434 li-Brian Oneal in the Kingdom of

Ireland, Efq.
'43 j 16. Willoughby Hickman of Gaynes-
borough in Lincolnjhire, Efq.

436 2)ff. 7. Trow Butler of Bramfield in //<rr-

f or dfcire, Efq.

437 J alul l- Edward Affott of Aldenham in

Shroplkire, Efq. , 1

'438 Mzr.14.Sir Fran.Hawley of Buckland in.

SomerfetJhire,Kt.now Irifh Baron.

439 Apr. 1. 1644. JobnTreJlon of the Mannour

infurneJS'm Lancajhire, Efq. .

440 z.John Webb of Odffoie in Wiltjbire,

Efq.

441 2J. Thomas Treftwick of Holme in

.Lancashire, Efq.

442 .May 4. Henry Williams of Guernevet in

Brecknock/hire, Efq.

443 zo.Gervafe Lucas of Fenton in £/»-

coin/hire, Efq,.

444 7««f 1 ^.RobertThor old of Haw ley in £/»-

colnjhire, Efq.
44f Julyz^. John Scudamore of Balingham'm

Herefordfjire,Efq.
446 0#o£.8.Sir £fr»ry AW of JV t «w in M/V-
Kt.

447

Chap.XlX.

Ba,

ronets.

447 Feb. iz . Sir Richard Vivian of Trelowren

in Cornwall, Kt.

448 28. William Van-Colffer of Amfter-

dam in Holland, Efq;

449 Mar. zi. William de Bor'eel of Amlier-

dam aforefaid, Efq;

450 iV%'4. i64^tf , ^z>VG>izw.rofSt.Z, i 'fl-

nards-Foreft in Jz/ff^r , Efq;
4JI 9. G'fog? Carteret of Met etches in

the Ille of Jersey, Efq;
4jz Nov. z<>. Thomas Wmdebanke of Haynes in

45-5 iW.7. Benjamin Wright of Dennington
\n Suffolk, Efq; whofe Patent was
Superfeded.

4^4 March 6. Edward Charleton of Hefiey/ide

in Northumberland.
45- y >/yn. Richard Wi Hit, Efq; Brother to

Sir r/W.*r ft&fi, 0 f Fen-'Dittou in

Cambridgflrire.

Baronet f created by King Charles
f Second.

45:6. Jtyf.i. 1649. Richard Brown of Dept-
ford in iC? ;rf, Efq; created by Let-
ters Patents dated at St.
»m«.t in France.
45:7 1-Henry deVic of the Me of Gamfey,
Efq; created by Letters Patents at
St. Germans aforefaid.
458/^.18. fi/cW iwyfVr of Stoiefley in
Torkjhire, Efq; by Letters Patents
dated at St. Germans.

1 6 jo. Richard Fanfljaw Efq; af-
terwards Mafter of Requefts to
his Majefty. ' 1

460 April z. i6$z. William Curtins,Efq\

46 1 Off. 10. 165:7. Sir W&gsfytf
in .Kf/zf.

1 658. Thomas Or by of
in Liucolulljire,Efq ;
TJjomas Bond of ' ' ;„
Efq;

f*"' MarignyCarfentier, Efq;
1660. Sir Anthony de Mercer Ex-
tinct.

45-9 Jf/tf. 2.

462

4 6 3 .; |j|

464
4 6y

466 AZjy 29. Sir Evelyn of i n

Kt.

467 30. Sir Gualter de Read

468 JW. 11 John Osborn of Chickfands in

Bedfordfljire, Efq;

469 June 7 . Sk Orlando Bridgman of Great

Leaver in £^J> W ,Kt.late Lord
Keeper of the Great Seal of £W-

47 ° S jjr y " /wrt ' of Carleton in

A'< ?'//'./w/ J Z07/// J ^f,Kt.his Maieffies
Attorney General.

471 Sir Heueage Finch of Rannfion in

Bucks, Kt. now Lord Tlaveutry

472
471
474
47J
476

477
478

479
480
481
482

483
484

4Sy
486

487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494

49J
496

497
498

499

5-00
y 01 .
yoi

and Lord Chancellor of the Great
Seal of England.

Sir John Langham ofCatsbrook in
Northamptonshire, Kt
9. Humphrey Winch of Hz^„ ; n
Bedford/hire, Efq;

Sir Robert Abdy of Albins in Ef-
Jex, Kt. - 1

ftw»*f Zz>z*z>«- of Sunninzhk-
TarkmBerkJhire,E{q:
11. Henry Wright of Vagenhm in

Efq;

June 12 Jonathan Keate of the flbo in
HartfordJIjire, Efq;

of HzyOterv in
Wdijhire, Efq; "V

1 5. Nicholas Gould of the City of
London, Efq;

Sir Thomas Adams, Kt. Alderman
or London.

Richard Atkins of Clapham in
Surrey, Efq<
14. 7&j^» of the City of £o»-

Efq;

HSw AW; of Milden-hall in

Efq;

1 y.Sir William Wifemau of Rivenham

in £f f a-, Kt.
18. Thomas Cullum of Hafiede in J»f-

/oW', Efq;

20. Thomas DatcybfSf. Cleres-hattia
St. Olitbs in Effe.x^Efq;

George GrubhamHow ofCold-Bar-
wick in Wiitflnre, Efq;

21. 7o/ot Ca«j of Childerley in Cotz-
bridgflnre, Efq; Extindh
Solomon Swale of Swale-hall in
Jorkfliire, Efq;

William Humble of the City of

London, Efq;
zz. Henry Stapleton of Afoozz in

Torkjlrire, Efq;
<r Gervafe-Elwes of Stoke near CAzn?

in i^p/SFj Efq;

Robert Cor dell of Mel for din Suf-
• folk, Efq; J
Sir John Robinfin Kt. Lieutenant
of the 7oto^ of London.
Sir John Abdy of 7V/o CW in .r,
Kt.

2 5; . Sir .Ro/wf Hilliard of Tatrington
in TorkJIjire, Kt.

Jacob Aftley of Hill- Morton in
WarwickJInre, Efq;
Sir ft/SS Bowyer of Tlenham
in Z?z^j, Kt.

Thomas Stanley of Alderley in

Chefljire, Efq;
zb.John Shuckborough 'of Shuck-

borough in Warwickflnre, Efq;
27. William Wray of is^^i in £/>/-

colnjhire, Efq;

Nicholas Steward of Hartley
Mauduit in Hantjlnre, Efq;

N 2 foJ

yo6

5°7
joS
jo 9

JIO

5 11
yi*

5'3
5H
5 1 ?

S l6

5 ,8

5 1 ?
510
521
522

524

J26

528
529

53°
531

S!i

533
534

lets

4-
6.

IOO

5 3 /«7 in Chejhirc, Efq;

Sir JwfcWM Holies of Wintertime
5 4 <& Martin inT)orfetjhire,Kt. Son

and Heir to Lord Wo««.

2.8. O/nw St. John of tfWjW in

Northampton/hire, Efq;
ag. R*//*TZS & Vail of SeytrnVe
la Vail in Northumberland, Efq;

merfetjhire, Efq; ; .

TAow/W Ella of #5<toz in Lincoln-

7«/y 2. 7o£« Cbwri of Slaugham in J«J-
'/f k, Efq;

y^fcr Lmc of London,Gent.
Maurice Berkley of Bruton, Efq;
ijienry Hudfon of Me It on- Mow bray
in Leicefterjhire, Efq;
7/;o»m* Herbert of Tinterne in
MoumouthJIjire, Efq;
Thomas Middleton of CA*r« m
'Denbigh/hire, Efq;
Ffj-Hfjy AW// of 2G>^jy in
cefter/hire, Efq;
7. Gf »gf Bufwell of CMfJton in iw-

thampt on/hire, Efq;
10. Robert A4en of in K>»f,

Efq;

12. iMfrf Hj/m of Bekesbume in

JO»f , Efq;
,i Sir William Boothby of Bradley-

M in Derby/hire, Kt.
^.J^olBan T)ixey of Market-BoJ-

worth in Leicefterjhire, Efq;
i6.7oA« l?»t&^ of Badfworth in 2ori-
y/j;>r, Efq;

7o/j» Warner of Tarham in
Efq;

17. Sir Joi5 T-Jw^ of Aldenham in
Hartfordftjire, Kt.

18. Samuel Morland of Southamjlede-
Bauefler in BeriJbire,E{q;

1 9. Sir Thomas Hewit of Tijhobury in
Hartfordjhire, Kt.
Edward Honywood of Evington
in K>»f, Efq;

7?rt/# Dixwell of Bromehouje in
K>«£, Efq;
22. Richard Brown of London Aid.
2 j. f&K^ Vernon of Hodnet in .Wro/'-
_/&/Vi? , Efq;

Sir 7o/->» Awbrey of Llantrilhed in
Glamorganjhere, Kt.
William Thomas of Fowington in
.Efffjf, Efq; .
2j. Thomas Sclater of Cambridge in
Cambridgjhire, Efq;
'Henry Conway of Botritham in
Flint/hire, Efq;
26. Edward Green of Sonpford in £/-
/fx, Efq;

John Stapeley of Tatcham in
/f,*, Efq;

30. Met calf Robinfon of New by in

Torkjfjire, Efq;
*S. Marmadnke Grejham of Limps-
field in J«J/f a?, Efq;
y 3 8 Aug. 1 '.WMiamDudley of C/o/f o» in AV-
thamptonjljire, Efq;_
a. ffeg/) Smithjon of Stanwick iri
Torkjnre, Efq;

3. Sir .Refer Mojlin of Mo flih in 77/Hf*
j-foVf,Kt.

4. William Willoughby of Willoughby
in Nottinghamshire, Efq;

6. Anthony "Oldfield of Spalding in
Lincoln/hire, Efq;

10. TV/*r Leicester of 7a^/^v in G&f-
, Efq;

11 . Sir William Wheeler of the City of
Weftminfler, Kt.

16. 7o£» Newton of Barfcote in G/o-
ceflerJJjire, Efq;

Thomas Lee of Hartwell in Bucks,
Efq;

Thomas Smith of Hatherton in
Chejhire, Efq;

17. Sir Ralph Ajliton of Middleton in
Lancajhire, Efq;

7o£« .R<w of Henham in Suffolk,
Efq;

22. Hrary Majfmgbeard of Bratojls-

hall in Lincolnjhire,Efq;
28. 7o/5>« Hs/fJ- of Coventry in War-
wickjhire, Efq;

30. Z?ot>9' of Hill-fields in
Warwick/hire, Efq;
7o/fw Knightley of Offcbursb in
Warwickshire, Efq;

3 1 . Sir 7cA» 23ru^f of JIB in Devon-
Jhire, Kt.

jjj Sept. ^.Oliver St. George of Carickerm-
rick in the County of Trim in 7rf -
/<7»^, Efq;
1 j. Sir 7oA» Bowyer of KniperJIcy in

Stafford/hire, Kt.
13. Sir William Wild, Kt. Recorder of

the City of London.
1 9. 7o/f/>& ^/ft of Twittenham in

dlejex, Efq;
22. 7o/jk How of Compton in Glocefter-

flnre , Efq;
26. 7eA« Swimburne of Chap-Heton in
Northumberland, Efq;
561 0#.I2. JohnTrott of Laverftoke in fto-
yfczVf , Efq;
1 3. Humphrey Miller of Oxenheath in
Efq;

1 j. Sir lohn Lewes of Ledftonin Tork-
Jlnre, Kt.

16. Tohn Beale of Maidfton in jK>»f,
Efq;

Sir Richard Franklin of Moore-
Tar k in Hartfordjhire, Kt.
;66 AW. 8. William Ruffel of Langhorneva
Caermanhenshire, Efq;

J«7

536
537

5-39
J4°
54 1

J4 2

543
544
545
54°

547
548
549
55°
55 1
55 1
ft 3
554

556
557
558
559

560

f62

563
564

565

Chap.XlX.

Baronets.

101

567 9. Thomas Boothby of Friday-hill in
the Parifli of Chiugfordm Effex,
Efq;

y68 William Backhoufe of London,

Efq; Extinct.
569 12. Sir 7ofo; CbJ&J- of London, Kt.
5:70 16. Giles Mottet of Zf ^ in

Efq;

571 21. Henry Gifford of Burftall in Z«-

ce/ierjljire, Efq;
572. Sir Thomas Foot of London, Kt. and

Alderman.

573 21. Thomas Marmaftng of Ow-

/fwr in Chejbire, Efq;

574 £rarf of Baberham in
Cambridgfiire, Efq;

J7) 2-9- *** 7#of/& of bknden-hall in
2Cf»f , Efq;

576 Bff.?. G«w#r Wynnt of A 7 o/?<?// in 2W-

yZwf , Efq;

577 4. Heneage Featherftoti of E/j&j-

w^rf in Hartfordfiire, Efq;

578 Humphrey Monnox of in
Bedford/hire, Efq;

579 10. 7o/j« Teyton of T)odingtou in the

Me of 7?/y in Cambridgjbire, Efq;

580 1 1. Edmond Anderjon of Broughton i'n

Lincolnfnre, Efq;

581 IohnFaggof Wi/lon in Sujfex, Efq;

582 i%.Matthew Herbert of Bromfield in

Sbropfiire, Efq;
y8j 19. Edward Ward of in jVw-

M, Efq;

584 22. lohnKeyt of Ebrington in G/tfff-

fter/lnre, Efq;
-y8y William Killegrew of Arwynick

in Corneal, Ei'q;

586 7o/w Eari of Lamby-Grange in
Lincolnfliire, Efq;

587 24. William Frankland of Thirkelby

in Torkjhire, Efq;
y88 Richard St iddolpb of Norbury in

Surrey, Efq;

589 William Gardner of the City of
London.

590 28. William Juxon of Albourn in Sa£

/f*,Efq;' J
J91 xg. John Legard of Grt/rfo« in 7i^-
/&/><•, Efq;

592 1 1. George Marwood of Little-Busk-

byinTork(bire, Efq;
J93 7oi« 5^£^5» of Hickleton in

Torkttnre, Efq;
594 j' 1 ™- 1 - sir ^'w? 'Pickering of Whaddon

in Cambridgjhire, Kt.
J9J Henry Bedingfield of Oxbrouth id

AV/V*, Efq; 15
J 96 4. rfW/w- Tlomer of the TrafT- 7fw-

//f, London, Efq;
y 97 8. Herbert Sprmget of itojy/f in
Efq;

598 2j. William Lowell alias H/7//07/ of
Tengethley in Herefordjlnre ,
Efq;

599
6eo
601

603
604
6oy

606
607
608
609
610
611

2y. iJe&T-r TVravoj* 0 f the City of

London, Efq;
29. Nicholas staughton of Staugbton
in Surrey, Efq;

William Rokeby of S&iwj in 7>/>
_/Ztf>f, Efq;

602 feb.x. Walter Ernley of New-Sarum in
Wiltftjire, Efq;

7oA« Hubaud of Ipjley in Warwick-
Jhire, Efq;
7. 7/W<zj- Morgan of Llangahock in

Monmouthjhire, Efq;
9. Richard Lane of ifyMfc in the
County of Rofcommon in the King-
dom of Ireland, Efq;
ty. Gforgf Wakefron of Bedford in
GloceSlerJJjire, Efq;
Benjamin Wright of ' Cranham-hall
in Tj//?.*', Efq;
18. 7o/ot Colleton of the City of 7,07.^
Efq;

18. Sir y,77»fj- Mo dy ford of London,
Kt.

21. Thomas Beaumont of Stoughton-

grange in Letceflerjhire, Efq;
23. Edward Smith of 7$><= in the Bi-
ihoprick of T)urham, Efq;
MjttA 4. 7o/j77 A^7>>- alias of

in Bedfordjljire^fy, to take place
next after Sir Thomas Holt, Num-
88.

612 77.W7Z^ G/rfo-;/ of Ca file- Jordan
in the County of Meath' in the
Kingdom of Ireland, Efq;

61 3 Thomas Clifton of Clifton in Lan-
cafbire, Efq;

614 William Wilfon of Eaft borne in
Saj/Mr, Efq;

61 y Compton Read of hurton in Bo-,£-

Jlnre, Efq;

616 10. SirBr/'rt?/ brought on of brought on

in Staffordshire, Kt.

617 16. Robert Slingsby of Newcells in

Hartfordjbire, Efq;

618 7oA« CVe/r.r of &ow in Suffolk,
Efq;

619 Ralph Verney of Middle-Clay don
in B7/c/5.r, Efq;

620 1 8. ZW of t$fe»# in 77^f-

fordjbire, Efq;

62 1 20. 7o/j77 bromfield of Southwari in

Surrey, Efq;
6aj2 Thomas Rich of Sunning in Bf7-7£-

//->7>f , Efq;

62 j Edward Smith of Edmundthorp

in Leicefterfljire, Efq;
624 26. 1661. Walter Long of 'Whaddon in

Wiltjhirc, Efq;
62y 30. 7c/;77, Fetiplace afChilrey in TjVt-/;-

foire, Efq;

626 April's. Walter Hendley of Louchpeld in

Sitfex, Efq;

627 9. William Tarfons of Langley in

B/zc^j, Efq;

628

102

6z8
629

630
631

633

63?
636

637
638

639
640

6 4 !

74 1
643
644
64J
646
647

649
6yo

6j2

6j 4

6y6
657

~JoFmCambeU ai Woodford in -Ef-

frx, Efqj \ .

zo William Morice of Wemngton in
DevovJInre, Efq; one of his Ma-
jeilies Principal Secretaries of

State - , cr n. II

Sir C/w/« Gawdey of Crowjhall

in JafoW, Kt.

29. William Godolfhin of Godolplnn
in CoruwaU,Ed.\;
William Caley of Brampton in
Tort)btre,E[q;

30. 1661. 7?«?MP Cw/tw of ffia^t
in Oxfordflnre, Efq;

634 May 1. Edmund Fowl of iw/ in 2>-
vonfjnre, Efq;

7. 7oi6« CVo^/y of Clerkenwell in
Middlefex, Efq;

10. William Smith of Re deli f in
Bucks, Efq;

George Cooke ot Wheat ley in
jldivc^ Efoj

CWi L/yW of G«r^ in M>»?-
gomenfhire, Efq;
NathauielTowel of EwhurB in
Efiex, Efq;
ie.T)eiiney Afliburnham of Bromhall
in Jfcj/w, Efq;

16. <5!«m*6 of Lotig-AJliton in
Somerset fln're, Efq;

18. Robert Jenkinfon of Waleott in

Oxfordjliire, Efq;
zo. William Glynn of Bijjifter inOx-

fordjljire, Efq;
21. John Char nock of Ho/cof in Z?<?^«
fordjlnre, Efq;

iJo^rf Z?;-oo/- of Newton in J«/-
/o/i, Efq;
2 j. Thomas Nevitt of Ho/£ in Leke-

flerfljire, Efq;
27. Henry Andrews of Lathbury in
Bucks, Efq;

648 J/i/y 4 - Anthony Craven of Sperjholt in
BerkJInre, Efq;
j. Jo&f Clavering of Axwell in
fea», Efq;

8. Thomas T)erhamdi Weft-Derham
in Norfolk, Efq;

17. William Stanley of Howton in
Chejhire, Efq;

Abraham Cullen of Ea&Jhene in
Jwry, Efq;

7,zwm Roiijbout of Milnfigreen jn
/sf/f Efq;

Godfrey Copley of Sprotborough in
Torkjhire, Efq;

Griffith Williams of Tenrhiu in
Caernarvon/hire, Efq;

18. Henry Wmchcumbe of Buck.de bury
in BerkJljire,.T£,(q;
Clement Clarke of Lande-Abby in
Leicefter/hire, Efq;
Thomas Vyner of the City of Le«-
i/o«, Efq;

659 JWli Sylyard of Delaware in
iCf«f , Efq;

660 10. Chriftopher Gui fe of Eljmore in

Gloceflerflnre, Efq;

66 1 11. Reginald Forfler of Eaf -Green-

wich inK>8*,E(i};

662 11 Philip Tarker of Erwarton in

Efq.

66 •> Sir Edward T)uke oiTcuhall in

3 J«fo#, Efq;

664 21. Charles Huffey of Caythorpe in

Lincolnjlnre, E%
66 j Edward Barkham oiWaynfleetin

Lincolnjlnre, Efq;

666 23. Thomas Norton of Coventry in

Warwickshire, Efq;

667 JSfci* Dormer of the Grange in
Bucks, Efq;

668 2. Thomas Carew of Haccombe in

Devonjlnre, Efq;

669 j. Mark Milbank of Halnaby in

lorkjliire, Efq;

670 16. Richard RothweU of Ewerby and

Scapleford in Lincolnjlnre, Efq;

671 22. 7°^" Sanies of London, Efq;

672 ^o. Johnhigoldsbyoi Lethertorow'm

Bucks, Efq;

673 >fr^-3- Francis Bickley of Attilborough in

Norfolk , Efq;

674 .Ro^rr 7<//o» of Broad-Somerford
in Wi It/In re, Efq;

67 j z6. Sir John Touug of Culliton in Z>f-
vonflnre, Kt.

676 OiS.q. 7<>A# Frederick van Freifendorf of

Herdick, Lord of Embaf-
fadour to his Majefty.

677 JVbf .8. William Roberts of Willefdou in

Middlefex,lL(q;

678 ij. William Luchti of Walt ham in

Effex, Efq;

679 28. Thomas Smith of Hill-hall in

Efq;

680 ZVr.3. £^'« <JV<^ of Temple-Donefey

of Hartford/hire, Efq;

681 9- Sir William Windham of Orchard-

Wmdham in Somerfetpire, Kt.

682 Jan.zq. George Southcote of Bliborough

in Lincolnjlnre, Efq;

683 George Trevillian of Nettlecombe
in Somerfetflnre, Efq;

684 Ff£. 4- Francis Ditncombe of Tangley in

Surrey, Efq;
68 j 7. Nicholas Bacon of Gillingham in
Norfolk, Efq;

686 Richard Cocks of Ttumbleton in
Glocefierjfn're, Efq;

687 z-]. John Cor it on Newton 'va. Corn-

wall, Efq;

688 28. 7oA» Lloyd Woking in Jawy,

Efq;

689 Afer. 1. Edward More of More-hall and

Bankhall in LancaJInre, Efq; • ^

690 i.Thomas Troby of Elton-hall in

Huntingtonjlnre, Efq;

691

Chap.XlX.

Baronets.

103

691 Mar. 20. Allies Stapleton of Carleton in TorkJIiire,

Efq.

692 April 16. 1662. Sir Richard Braham of New-Windfor

in Berkjhire, Kt.

693 A£y 2. Sir John Witerong of Stamonbury 'm Bucks,

Kt.

694- 7«if 13. P/u'/ip Matthews of Gabions near

Rumford in £ffi at, Efq.

695 7«/y 1. ^ofcrt Bernard of Huntington in Hunting-

tonjhire, Serjeant at Law.

696 I5.&g«-£ortof Stockzfoole in PembroMliire ,

Efq.

697 1 5. Edward Gage of Hargrave in Suffolk,, Efq.

698 22,Thomas Hoohe of Franchford in S«n-ry»Efq.

6 99 2^..John Savile of Copley iaTorkfinre, Efq.

700 j. Chriftopher Wandesford of KirkUngton in

TorkJIiire, Efq.

70 1 13 4% of /V/W/ in Staffordfiire,

Efq.

702 i6.Sir Jacob-Gerard of Langford in Norfolk,

Kt.

703 21. Edward Fuji of /fi// in GlocefterJIiir: ,

Efq.

704 Sfpc I . tfsfcrt iowf of Wejlminfler in Middlesex ,

Efq.

705 1 3-Sir .Kofo-t Cjh of Compton-Greenfield in

Gloccflerjhire, Efq.

706 03ob.2+. William Middleton of Belfey-Caflle \a Nor-

thumberland, Efq.
10-] Nov. 17. Richard Graham of Norton-Coniers in
TorkJIiire, Efq.

708 Thomas Tankard of i(arolv-Bi-<jf in 2V<5
Jfc'Vf , Efq.

709 lo.Cuthbert Heron of Chipchafe in Northum-

berland, Efq.

710 29-.Sir Fmot« Wtnmm of C(/wf// in Oxford-

fl>ire,Kt.

711 i)cc. 4. fl'rary Pai-f/oy of WW/eji in Berkjliire,

Efq.

712 9. Thomas Cobb of Adderbury in Oxfordshire,

Efq.

713 11? Henry Brooks of Norton in CheJInre,

fcfq.

714 Dec. 22. 1662. iVo- /W«- of Edinfnaw in dif-

jfoVf, Efq.

715 7*>- 19. Sir Nicholas Slaning of Marijlon in jDe-

vonjliire, Knight of the Bath.

716 22. Sir Gforje itew of Tim^s in Suffolk,,

Kt.

•jijMar. 18. Thomas Brofraveof Hammels in Hcrtford-
fliire, Efq.

■jiSArpil-j. 1663. SirTW<w Barnardifton of Keding-

ton in Suffolk, Kt.
7 1 9 1 1 . Sir 5»k«c/ Barnardifton of Brightwell-hall

in atfiifcj Kt.

7-0 June 1 . Sir M» J)«»i of P/tf«y in Mddlefex ,
Kt.

72 1 Sir Join Holmax of Banbury in Oxfordpire,
Kt.

722 29. Wi'/iVwj Coofct of Bromehall in Norfolk,,

Efq.

723 30. Jofw Brf/w of Moreton in Chejhire, Efq.

724 7«/y 1 . Sir CftDge Downing of Eaft-Hatley \\yCam-

bridgJhire,YX.

725 13. William Gawdey of Wefl-Herting in iVor-

Mi Efq.

726 14. Sir CW/« Py« of Brymmore in Somerfet-

Jhire,Kt.

727 29 S\x William Voyley of Shottefliam in Wcr-
728./%. 12.Sk John Alarjhamof Carton iniCfOT,Kt.

! 7 2 9 1 5. &>£frf Burnham of B aught on- Alancalfey in

tfw.Efq. 4 J/

110 Dec. 15. Frara Xeei^of ffftffffc, in Nottingham*
jliire, Efq.

731 $0. John St. Barbe of Broadlands in Hamjhire,

Efq.

732 Ffi>. 12. James Pennyman of Ormesby in Cleaveland

in Torkjbire, Efq.

733 JMSfc 1. Thomas Moddiford of Lincoln s-Inn'm Mid-

dlefex, Efq.

734 3. ffw'e 5f% of U'hitehoufe in Durham,

Efq.

73 5 31. 1664. Sir Edmund Fortefcue of Fallowpit

in Devonfjire , Kt.
736 Sam/W Ta% of trcjfmg-Temfle in Effiwj

Efq.

737^2;. TVmpf/? of 7«ge in TorkJIiire ,

Efq.

7 3 8 7«« 2 5 . Littleton Ofgoldefton of Chadlington in Oat-
fordjliire, Efq.

739 T'*'.)' I- jpfe* Tio%r of Maddington in WiltJIiire ,

Efq.

740 13. Stephen Anderfon of Eyworth in Bedford-

Jl'ire, Efq.

741 31. 1664. TW,w Bateman of How-hall in

Norfolk^, Efq.

742 Sfft. 26. Thomas Lorrayne of Kirke-Hall in iVoi--

thumberlitnd, Efq.

743 2-j.Thomas Wenmorth of Bretton'mTorkJhire,

Efq.

744 AW. 2. Sir Theophilut Bidddph of Weftcombe in

Jfrar,Kt.

745 WilliamGreenof MchamarSurrey, Efq.

746 D«r. 2\WilliamCookes of iVojgrrfwin Werceflerfbiri,

Efq.

747 !°- Sir7«fc« Wolfionholrne of London, Kt.

748 1 l.Sir Jarat of &w»/ey in Mddlefex,

Kt.

749 12 - 7»*» Teomans of the City of Brifioll,

Efq.

7 50 13. 7<ife Pyf of J&tt in DerbyJhire,Efq.

751 18. 77jowxm Tay/or of the Parkhoufe in

y?o»c in ZCmt, Efq.

752 A&r. 3. William Lemon of Northaw or NorthaU in

Hertfordjhire, Efq.
7J3 3°- 1665. SiiRobert Smithof Vpton inEffex,
Kt.

754 ^jw. 14. Sir Nicholas Critje of Hammerfmith in

.fl&U/ffeKt.

755 i$.S\r John Shaw of Eltham'm Kent, Kt.

756 Afey 10. Jote £rf»» of Ci/owe in Oxfordfliire ,

Efq.

757 20. t7«!£f Rawden of A/mm in the County of

Downe in Ireland, Efq.

758 June S.Robert Jocelyn of Hyde-hall in Hertfordfiire,

Efq.

759 16. Robert Dttckenfield Junior, of Duckenfuld-

hall 'm Chejhire, Efq.

760 7«/_y 6. 7«*>» Lawfon of Broughton in Torkfiire ,

Efq.

76 1 2o.Phi!ip Tyrrellof Hanjlap and Cajllethorpe in

A<rfe, Efq.

762 25. Francis Bitrdet of Biirchet in Torkjhire,

Efq.

793 26. George A-foore of Maids-Morton in Bucks 5
Efq.

764 Scpf . 9. JwW Barker of Hambleton in Rutlandfiire,

Efq.

765 fee. iz.sSWmamOgwiawm Nunwdl inthe

o/W£te,Kt.

-66 Jan. 31. William Temple of Shetne in Surrey 3
Efq.

7«7

ic>4

Baronets.

Part 11.

767 Mar. I. William Swan of South-pet in Kent,
Efq.

768A&-.6. 1665. Anthony Shirley of /Ve/rc-M in Sujjex,
ETq.

769 Maurice Diggs of Chilham-Cafile in -KVw,
Efq.

770 Peter Gfcwe of Hardwick. in Norfolk.,

Efq- ( bL"" r .

771 Afey 10. 1666. John Nelthorpe of Grays-Jn.n in

Middlesex, Efq.

772 10. Sir Robert Vyner of lWo»,Kt.

713 June 13. Sir Thomas Twifden oiBradbum \n Kent,

Kt. , 7 ,

774 JWy 4. Sir Anthony Anther of Bifiops-bourn in Ae»t,

Kt. > . / , {utrj

77J -j.John Doyle of Chifelhamton in Oxfordjlnre,

Efq.

776 12. £W Ffoty- of Si/b«« in Berkshire,

Efq. , '

777 21. Thomas Put of Cowie in Devori(lure ,

Efq. ..• '
Tj^OElob.22. John Tyrrell of Siringptd in F#.v,

Efq. vCAt]

779 AW. 17. Gilbert Gerard o^Friskcrton in Lmcolnpre

Efq.

780 Dec. 3 1 . Sir Aoiren Teomans of Redlands in Glocepr-

Jliire,Kt.

781 Jan. 16. CarrScroopai Cockcrington in Lincolnjlnre,

- Efq. „
7S2 29. Peter Forte/cue ofiVoodin Devonjlure fHiq.
783 FeJ>. 7. Sir Richard Bettenfon oiWimbleton in Swrey,

• Kt. '■'

784^^ 2i. Algernon Peyton of Haddington in the ///«
of£/y,Efq.

785 28. 1667. Atger- Martin of Long-Melford in

S«M,Efq,

786 A&y 7. &Wii Haflhigs of Redlench ill Somerjet-

j);«Ve,Efq.

787 IKJiaffl Hanham of Wimborn in Dorcetpre,
Efq.

788 24. Francis Top of Tarmarton in GloceprJInre,

Efq.

789^%. 28. 1668. William Langhome of the
Temple London, Efq.

790 y*f«7 28. 167 o. Edward Mopn of Talacre in F/;'«t-

/!;<Ve,Efq.

791 Afay 5. Sir George Stonehoufe for life, having fur-

rendred his former Patent, Dated May 7.
1628.

792 Oslob.2$.Ful\var Skipwith of Ncwbold-hall in War-

wickfiire, Efq.

793M9119. ib-ri,JohnSabino{ Eyne in Bedfordpre,
794?ii;;e Philip Carteret of Sf. Onra in the /yZe c/ Jer-
/ey, Efq.

795 28. W»ffia»» CWtc-r of Croft-hall in Torkpre,

Efq.

796 Sept. F/erfort G-o/t, Son to the Bifiiop of Ffo-e-

' ford,

797 Mar. 11. 7«'j» Seintowbin of Clowence in Cornwall,

Efq.

798 Edward Ncvill o{ Grove in NottinghamJInre,
Efq.

799 Sept. 1672. Aofert £<fe» of WcpStukeland in

Dwi<2«!,Efq.

800 AW. 28. 7«iwWWe»of Ck/?er, Efq. Secretary to
his Royal Highnefs.

801 7««t 2. 1673. F««i of Heftercombe in So-

merJ«fWre,Efq.

802 AW. 12. Orlando Bridgman o£ Ridley in Chepire ,

Efq.

803 18 .Francis Windham of Tre »t in Somerfetjliire ,

Efq.

804 -Dec. 1. Arthur Hams o'i Stow ford in Devmpirc ,

Efq.

805 \2.William Blacket of Newcafile in Nmhum-

berland^Sci.

806 JohnThomfouot Haverfliam in Buckfngham-
jmre, Eiq.

807 Fe£>. 7. Thomas Allen of Blundeflon in Suffolk,,

Efq.

808 7«»e 7. 1674. Halfwell Tynte of Halfwell in S««tr-

fetpre,E(<\. .. .

809 May 22. Xofert Pari^r of Raiton in Suffex, Efq.

810 lo.John Sherard of Lopthorpe in Lmcolnpre,

Efq.

8 1 1 Feb. 1 1 . Jofen Osborn of Chicksands in Buckingham-

y?«>f, Eiq.

8 12 OElob. 10. Walter Clargiso'l St. Martins in, the Fields in
Middlefex, Efq.

8 13 AW. 12. Thomas Williams of Elham in A>»r>

Efq.

814 Dec: la.. Robert Frl/ner of Eafl-Sutton in Jfeaf,

Efq.

8 1 5 Fe6. 24. Sir Edward Ncvill of GVroe in Nottingham-

fhire,YX.

8 16 Mar. 25. 1675. Cornelius Martin Tromp of Amster-
dam, Efq.

8 1 7 y4f ) // 2 3 .Richard Tdpe of Amfterdam, Efq.

818 .Dec. 7. Thomas Samwell of Upton in Northampton-

fliire, Efq.

8 19 Ja?t. 24. CW« ft'c» of the City of London,

■ Efq. .

%10 Mar. 1 \. Benjamin Maddox aiWoridcy in Hertford-
fliire, Efq.

221 Apr. I. 1676. William Barker o[ Bokhighall'm Ejfex,
Efq.

822 Af. 19. Richard Head of Rochepr in Ac»t,

Efq. ,

823 Dec. 18. tfe/met Hoskffis csiHarwood in Hcrefordpre,

Efq.

824 Fe&. 8. Richard St andifhoU in Lancajliirc,
■ " 0 r Efq. ■ • ■ ?

825 3 . Alexander Robertfon alias CW/yc<;r of Holland,

Efq. •

826 Mac. 3. TfcowMJ -Dyfce of Horeham in Sk/cv ,

Elq; 5 . . .7. a .117

827 29. 1677. Sir .Koiert Cot«» of Cumbermcre in

Ce/b-.Kt.

828 April 7. FrancuWilloughby oiWollaton in Notting-

hamflnre, Efq.
829j«{yr8. Richard Newdigate Serjeant at Law.
8;oSem.29. Richard Cuft of Stamford in Lincolnshire,

Efq.

83 iOcToW. Francis Anderton oi Lofiockjn Lancajlnre,

Efq.

832 18. J.<««S)w;ee«of Chilworthm Oxfordjlnre ,

Efq.

833 25. 7<*»>£j Pooleol Poole in Worrell in Cheflme,

Efq.

834 Dec. 3 i.GcorgeWharton of KirkbyKendal in We/?-

moreland, Efq.
8357a;;. 31. //«£<; Ackjand of Cullum-John in Dcvon-
jliire, Efq.

836 A 22. Francti Edwards of Shrewsbury inShroppre,

Efq.

837 May 8. Sir Ffo;ry Oxinden of X>ea»e in /<"e»f , Kt.

838 i8.yawej5cwyej-of£e;^feW»ein S(/j7e.v, Efq.

for life, and after to FfeK;^ t7o;-!»f of Z/ij-
in the laid County, Efq.

839 J«;;e 29. Ignatius Vitus alias HfW/e of Limberickj.vt

Ireland, Elq.

KNIGHTS

KNIGHT

OF THE

CHAP. XX.

T" Nights of the Bath ( fo called
from part of the Ceremony at
their Creation) are commonlv
made at the Coronation of a
King or Queen, at the Creation
of a Prince , or of a Duke of the Blood Roy-
al Thus at the Creation of Henry Prince of
Wales , and Charles Duke of Tori the fe-
cond Son or King James, Knights of the Bath
were made ; and at the Coronation of our
dread Sovereign King Charles the Second 6?
were made, whdfe Names you will find in ' the
eofiung Catalogue.

_ This Order was firft erected, faith FroyfarJ
in Anno l?99 . by King Henry the Fourth'
who to add to the luflre of his Coronation
created 46 Knights of the Bath; and Mr Sei-
dell thinks them more ancient : But that great
An«quary Eli as AJImoleM^ is of the Opi-
nion that the faid King did not conftitute but
rather reftore the ancient manner of making
Knights; for formerly Knights Batchelors
were created by Ecclefiafticks with the like
Ceremonies , and being thus brought again
into ufe, and made peculiar to the Degree of
Knights of the Bath , they have ever fince
continued : and the better to maintain this his
Opinion , faith, That they have neither Laws

nor Statutes affigned them; neither are they
to wear their Robes, but upon the time or fo-
Jemnity for which they were created (except
the red Ribon which they are allowed always
to wear crofs their left Shoulder; ) and up-
on any vacancy their number (which is uncer-
tain) is not fupplyed.

They are created with much noble Cere-
monies , and have had Princes and the prime
of the Nobility of their Fellowfhip. The par-
ticular manner of their Creation is mentioned
by many Authors, but moft exadly defcribed,
and illuftrated with Figures of all the
Ceremonies , by the learned Hand of Wil-
ItamTtugdale Efq; Norroy King at Arms, in
his Defcnption of Warwicijhire , to which
abonousPeece I refer the curious Reader,
borrowing from him , and fome others , this
fmall abitrad of their Ceremonies.

When one is to be made a Knight of this
Order, at his coming to Court he is honoura-
bly received by the Chief Officers and Nobles
of the Court , and hath, two Efquires appoint-
ed to wait upon him, who convey him
to the Chamber without more feeing him
that day , where he is to be entertained
with Mufick ; then a Bath is to be prepared
I bv the Barber , who is to trim him; and the
O King

Knights of the Bath.

Part ll.

ico

Kine beiiig informed that lie is ready for the
K he Ibythe moft grave Knig its there
pr fen Wrudedin the Orders and Fees ot
SaW the Muiick playing to Ijis Cham-
ber door i < llen tliey hearing the Mul.ck 11 11
V I him and put him naked into the
pi i The Muiick cealing, feme one of
/ fXtffU fav 5f fto "ft honourable

? whfch mill be plain and without Cur-
SS' foioonas he 1 is dry they Mhelp
j £ outtins over us inward Gar-

^rvStfSe^hlo^neeves,anda
Soodhke unto that of an Hermit ; and the
K hall take all that is within and without
ieBath with Ins Collar about his Neck , for
. s Fe ': K M he be conducted to the
C nPPelwith Mufick, where being entred,
S Kits and Efqmres lhal be entertamed
with Wine and Spices for their favours done
nlo him ; then tney take then .leaves ot him
jn d he and his two Efquires and a Prielt per
forms a Vigil till almolt day, With Payers and
Sngs befeeching God, and his bleiled Mo-
Ser to make him worthy ol that Dignity ;
and being confeffed , he ftall , with one ot the
GWernours, hold a Taper till the reading ot
the Cofpel ; and then he lull give it to one of
the Efquires to hold till the Colpel is ended;
nd a he elevation of the Hoft one ot the
Covernoursfhall take the Hood from the Ef-
fouire and after deliver it again till the Cofpel
fnprinciPio, and at the beginning take the
Hood again , and givelnm the Taper again in
his hand , having a penny ready near the Can-
d eftick at the work VerbmcarofaBttmeJl,
the Efq'ure kneeling, lliall offer the Taper to
the Honour of God, and a penny to the Ho-
nour of the perfon that makes him a Knignt :
This Ceremonv being ended , he ihall be con-
ducted to his Chamber for fome repofe until
the Ring's pleafure is known; and then he is
d eifod and attended into the Hall which is
ready for his Reception , being girded with a
Girdle of white Leather without Buckles gra-
ving a Coif on his Head, Mantles of Silk over
aKirtle of red Tartarin , tied with a lace of
white ftlk, with a pair of white Cloves hang-
ln° at the ends of the Lace ; and this Attire is

the Chandlers Fees : Then he is conducted by
the Knights on Horsback to the Kings Hal,
with his Sword and his Spurs hanging at the
Pomel of the Sword, being carried before rum;
and the Marlhal and Ulhers meeting him , do
defirc him to alight; the Marlhal Ina 1 take his
Horfeforhis Fee: and being brought to tlie
high and fecond Table , with his Sword being
he?d upright before him, the King coming in-
to the Hall doth ask for the Sword and Spurs ,
which the Chamberlain fliall take and ihew
the Kins, who takes the right Spur and deli-
vers it to the moft Noble Perfon there.wilhing
him to put it on the Efquire,which being done,
-a. Knight puts on the left Spur; then the King
taMnl the Sword, which he girts about him,
and pitting his Arms about His Neck , faith ,
Bethou^goodKmiht, and alter kmeth him;
then he is conduced to the Chappel , and
kneeling with his right hand lying on the high
Altar he promifeth to maintain the Rites ot
Holy Church until his death ; and ungirnng his
Sword with great Devotion he oflereth it there
to God; then at his going out the King's Ma-
iler Cook, who is there ready to take oft his
Spurs, {hall fay, I the Kimfs Mafier Cook am
come to receive thy Spurs for mfieandifyou
do anything contrary to the order of Kmght-
boodUihi&Goi forUdjlfhaU hack you-, Spurs
fromyour heels. Then he is conduced again
into the Hall, where he ihall fit at Table with
the Knights; and being rifen and retired into
his Chamber, his Attire is taken off, and again
clothed with a blew Robe, having on his lett
Shoulder a Lace of white Silk hanging to be
worn upon all his Garments from that day tor-
wards, till he have gained fome Honour and
Renown for fome Feats of Arms, or fome
Prince or Lady of Quality cut that Lace trom
his Shoulder. After Dinner the Knights mutt
come to the Knight , and conduct him into
the King's pretence, to return him thanks tor
thefe Honours, and fo takes his leave of the
Kins- and the Governours craving his pardon
for any mifcarriage, and claiming their Fees
according to the Cuftom of the Court alfo
take their leaves of the Knight. I iHall
conclude this Chapter with giving an Account
of the Knights made at the Coronation ot his
Majefty.

Knighti

Chap XX.

Knights of the Bath.

Knights of the Bath made at the Coronation of his Maieftv Kincr
C H A K L E S the Second. * g

EDwardLotd Clinton, now Earl of Lin-
coln.
1 John EgertouVikount Bradley, eldeft
Son to the Earl of Bridgwater.
Sir Herbert, then fecond Son to the

Earlof-PfOT^ro^f.
Sit William Egerto/i, fecond Son to the Earl of

Bridgwater.
Sir K ?re Fane, fecond Son to the Earl of Weft-
moreland.

Sir Charles Berkley, eldeft Son to Georve Lord
Berkley.

Sir Bellafis, eldeft Son to the Lord 5f/-

Sir Henry Hyde, now Earl of 'Clarendon.

Sir Rowland Bellafis, Brother to Vifcount

Faulconberg.
Sir Henry Cape 11.

Sir %£» F now eldeft Son to the Earl

ot Cirbery.

sir Charles JWfy,GrandchiId to the late Earl

of Derby.

Sir Francis Fane ~) Grandchildren to the Earl of

> Weftmoreland.
Sir Henry Fane 3

Sir William Tortman Baronet.

Sir Richard Temple Baronet.

Sir William T)ucy Baronet.

Sir Thomas Trevor Baronet.

iir John Scudamore Baronet.

!ir William Gardiner Baronet.

iir Charles Cornwallit, afterwards Lord Corn-

wallis.
iir John Nicholas.
!ir John Monfon.
ir Bourcher VVray.
ir John Coventry.
ir Edward Hmigerford.
ir John Knevett.
MPbilif Boteler.
ir Adrian Scroop.

Sir Richard Knightley.
Sir Henry Heron.
Sir John Lewkenor.
Sir George Brown.
Sir William Tyrringhvm.
Sir Francis Godo/phm.
Sir Edward Baynton.
Sir Greville Vemey.
Sir Edward Harley.
Sir Edward Walpool.
Sir Francis Top ham.
Sir Edward VVife.
Sir Chriffopher Calthrop.
Sir Richard Edgcombe.
Sir William Bromley.
Sir Thomas Bridges.
Sir Thomas Fan/haw.
Sir 7o<£* Denham.
Sir Nicholas Bacon.
Sir James Alt ham.
Sir Thomas Wendy.
Sir Bramflon.
Sir George Freeman.
Sir Nicholas Slaning.
Sir Richard Ingoldsby.
Sir 7o£« i?o//f .
Sir Edward Heath.
Sir W fc;#z Morley.
Sir 7o£# Bennet.
Sir ffegA
Sir Simon Leech.
Sir Henry Chefter.

Sir Robert Atkyns, now one of the Tuftices of

the Common Tleas. «
Sir Robert Gayre.
Sir Richard Towle.
Sir ffejf A 2)»™.
Sir Stephen Hales.
Sir .foz/^

Sir Thomas VVhitmore,

O F

Knights Batchelors ,

With what is incident to that Degree of

KNIGHTHOOD

According to the

Laws of England.

CHAP. XXI.

i H E particular kinds of Services
by which Lands of Inheritance
are diftinguiflied, are two ; viz.
Knights of Service, and Knights
of Soccage.
And in ancient time Tenure by Knights Ser-
vice was called Regale fervitium, becaufe it
was done to and for the King and Realm, and
forinfecum fervit/tm , as appeareth in the
iqEdw.z. Avowry 224. 26. Aff. p. 66. 7.
Hen. 4. 19. Cote's [eventh Tart, 8. a. Calvin's
cafe : becaufe they who hold by Efcuage ought
to do and perform their Services out of the
Realm, Lift. K ideo fortnfecum did
toteffit quia, f£ captur fortt, ® hujufmodt,
fervitia perfilvuntur ratione Tenementorum,
& non Terfonarum.

And as Knights-Service-Land requireth the
(erviceof the Tenant in Warfare, and Battel a-
broad, fo Soccage-Tenure commandeth the
attendance at the Plough ; the one by Man-
hood defending the King, or his Lord's life
and perfon ; the other by induftry maintain-

ing with Rents, Corn, and Victuals his Eftate
and Family.

For Kings did thus order their own Lands
and Tenements : one part they kept and de-
tained in their own hands, and in them (lately
Houfes and Caftles were erected , and made
for their habitations, and defence of their Per-
fons, and of the Realm ; alfoForefts and Parks
were there made for their Majefties Recreati-
on : One other part thereof was given to the
Nobles, and others of their Chivalry,referving
Tenure by Knights Service : The" third part
was beftowed upon men of meaner condition
and quality, with refervation of Soccage-Te-
nure. And in this manner the Dukes and No-
bles amongft their Menials and Followers diffi-
pated a great part of their Lands ; viz. to
their Gentlemen of quality, to hold by Knights
Service , and to other of meaner condition by
Soccage-Tenure.

Gervatius Ttttvcieitjis, a learned man that
flourifhed in the days of King Henry the Se-
cond, in his Dialogue of the Obfervations ol

the

Toiio- toy ^tchwantnts of J Krugh±s

Vdho to? ^ItcMverrumts of KniffliLs.

Chap XXI.

the Exchequer , hath in effect as followeth:
Until the time of He my the Firft (faith he)
the Kings ufed not to receive Money of their
Lands, but Victuals for the provifion of their
Houfe; and towards the payment of their
Souldiers wages , and for fuch like Charges,
money was raifed out of the Cities and Caltles
in which Husbandry was not exercifed : But at
the length, when the Kings being in parts be-
yond the Seas, needed ready money for and
towards the furniture of their, Wars , and the
Subjects and Farmers complained they were
grievouiiy troubled by carriage of Victuals in-
to fundry parts of the Realm far diftant from
their Habitations , the Kings directed Com-
miihons to certain difcreet perfons, who ha-
ving regard to thofe Victuals, fhould reduce
them into reafonable fums of money , the le-
vying of which they appointed to the Sheriff,
taking order withal that he mould pay them
at the Scale or Beam , that is to fay, that he
mould pay fix pence over and above every
pound weight of money, becaufe he thought
that the money would wax fo much the worfe
for the wearing.

And it was anciently ordained , That all
Knights Fees mould come unto the eldeft Son
by lucce/Iion of Heritage , whereby he fuc-
ceeding his Anceftor in the whole Inheritance,
might be the better able to maintain War a-
gamft the King's Enemies , or his Lords ; and
that the Soccage of Freehold be partable be-
tween the Male Children, to enable them to
encreafe into many Families for the better en-
creafe of Husbandry.

But as nothing is more unconftant than the
Eftates we have in Lands and Livings, even fo
long fince thefe Tenures have been fo indiffe-
rently mixt and confounded in the hands of
each fort, that there is not now any note of
difference to be gathered by them. Lambert
'Per amb. of Kent, 10. Et quia tale ferviti-
71m foriufecum mm femper manet fub eadcm
quant it ate, fed quandoque pnefiatur ad plus,
quandoque ad minus ; tdeo eo quantitate Re-
gain fervitii, f§ qnalitate fiat mentio in
eharta , at tenens cerium tenere poffit, quid
69 quantum perfolvere teneatur.

And therefore the certainty of the Law
in this cafe is , That he that holdeth by a
whole and entire Knight's Fee muft ferve the
King, or his other Lord , forty days in the
Wars well and fufficiently arrayed and fur-
nilhed at all points : and by twenty days if he
hold by a moiety of a Knights Fee ; and fo
proportionable.

And in the Seventh of Edw. ?. 246. it was
demurred in Judgment, Whether Forty days
mail be accounted from the firft day that the
King did firft enter into Scotland ; but it feem-
eth that the days mall be accompted from the
firft day that the King doth enter into Scot-
land , becaufe the Service is to be done out of
the Realm.

'09

And they that hold per Regale fervitium,
are not to perform that Service, unlefs the'
King do alfo go himfelf into the Wars in pro-
per Perfon, by the Opinion of Sir William
Earlc Chief Juftice of the Common Pleas,
h-ium Sept. Edyj. 3. 246. but vide 5 Hen. 6.
tit.ProuBion x. in which Cafe itwasobfer-
Ved , That feeing the Protector ( who was
Trorex ) went , the fame was adjudged a
Voyage Royal.

Alfo before the Statute de quia emptores
terrirnm , which was made dccimo oBavo
Edw. 1. the King or other Lord had given
Lands to a Knight to hold of him by Service
and Chivalry (Jal. ) to go with the King , or
with his Lord , when the King doth make a
Voyage Royal to fubdue his Enemies, by For-i
ty days well and conveniently arrayed lor the
War. In this Cafe the Law hath fuch regard
to the Dignity of Knighthood, that he may
find an able perfon to go for him , and the
Knight is not compelled by his Tenure to go
in perfon as ordinary Souldiers, who are hired
or retained by Preft-money or Wages.

There hath been many and varying Opini-
ons of the contraries of a Knight's Fee, as you
may read in Cote's ninth Part 122. and there
it is proved, that Antiquity hath thought that
Twenty pounds inLand was fufficient to main-
tain the Degree of Knighthood ; as it doth ap-
pear in the ancient Treatife Tie modo tenevdi
Parliamentmn tempore Regis Ed-uuardi , filii
Regis Et he/red; which alio doth concur with
the Act of Parliament Anno frimo Edv. 2. de
mi lit 1 bits: by which Act of Parliament Cen-
fus militis, the Eftate of a Knight was mea-
fured by the value of Twenty pound Lands
per Annum, and not by any certain content of
Acres. And with this doth agree the Statute
of VVeftminfter, cap. Fits,. Nat. Brev.Sz.
whereTwenty pounds Lzn&per Annum in Soc-
cage is put in equipage with a Knight's Fee.
And this is the moft reafonable eftimation ; for
one Acre may be more worth in value than
many others.

And it is to be obferved, That the relief of
a Knight, and of all Superiors that be Noble,
is the fourth part of their Revenue by the
year ; as of a Knight five pounds, and fo of the
reft.

And becaufe this Tenure doth concern Ser-
vice in War, the Tenants are therefore called
Milites Militia : for though the word doth
properly fignifie a Souldier, yet antiquity hath
appropriated that name to the chiefeft of Mi-
litary Profeftion. In our Law they are ftyled
Mihtes, and never Equites ; yet fo, that Mi-
les is taken for the felf fame that Chivalry is.
BraBon fol. 79. maketh mention of Rode
Knights, that is to fay, ferving Horfmen,who
held their Lands with condition that they
lliould ferve their Lords on Horsback. And fo
by cutting off apeeceof a Name ("as our de-
light is to fpeak fhort ) this name Knight re-
mained!

Knights Batchelors.

I 10

Knights Batchelors.

Part 11.

remained! with us ; for Armiger, fctl. theEf-
quire, which is a Degree under the Knight,
was in the Military Service to ferve on foot.

Note, He that holdeth by a whole Knight's
Fee, muft be with the King Forty days well
and compleatly arrayed ibr the War, which is
to be undcrllood to ferve on Horfeback. And
in all Nations the name of this Dignity is ta-
ken of Horfes ; for the Italians call them Ca-
vetieri ; the Frenchmen Chivaleris ; theG'rr-
mans, Renters ; our Britams, Murgeghe , all
riding ; and in Latin we call them Equities au-
ral i ; for at their Creations,belides the Sword
and Girdle, gilt Spurs were added for more
Ornament, And when a Knight doth com-
mit any offence for which he is by the Law to
fuffcr death, the life hath been in the begin-
ing of his punilhment to degrade and deprive
him publickly of his Honour of Knighthood
( for it is but with life leas'd, or taken away ,
Mills 8 1.) by ungirding his Military Girdle,
by taking away his Sword , and broken , his
Spurs cut off with an Hatchet, his Gauntlets
pluck't from him , and the Efcocheons of Iris
Arms reverfed.

And in the Statute made 24 Ben. 8. chap.i ?.
entituled an Act for Reformation of Apparel ,
It was permitted for Knights to wear a Collar
of Gold , named the Collar of SS.

And although this Dignity of Knighthood
had its original, and was given to men of War
and Prowefs ; yet in all Succeflions of Ages ,
and in all Nations , the fame alfo is beftowed
upon men of Peace by the Sovereign Power to
defervingperfons, whereby the Service of the
Commonwealth at home is made equal with
that abroad: For as Tully faith truly , Tarvi
Cunt arma foris, nifi eil conjilium domi. But
Experience, the faithfulleft Counfellor and belt
Miftrefs, hath made it manifeft both in this
modern Age , as well as in that of Tul/ie's,
that the Camp hath bred more eminent States-
men, and happily as good Politicians, as the
long Robe: Perhaps tor this Reafon,one aims
chiefly at Glory and Honour, which eafily at-
tracts admirers and favourers ; the other at
Riches and indirect Negotiations, which be-
gets Envy and piivate Enemies.

He that receiveth the Dignity of a Knight
kneeleth down, and then the King (lightly
fmiteth him upon his Shoulder , and faith unto
him thefe words in French, Sois Chivaler au
iiome de 7)ieu ; and afterwards faith moreo-
ver, Avance Chivaler : See the Book of Ti-
tles of Honour due to the Earl-Marlhal for the
making of Knights, 1 76. For a Knight is not
made by Letters Patents , or by the King's
Writ , as thofe of higher Dignity, but by the
Sword ; for this Honour is fuppofed to be gi-
ven on the fudden , and therefore is common-
ly done by the Sword , although the King may
by his Letters Patents create a Knight.

Earls in ancient times had a power of
Knighting ; but now neither may the Prince,

or any other of the Nobility, make a Knight,
but only the King, or Lieutenant General by
his Commi/Tion. No man is born a Knight ,
as he may be to Titles of Honour by Patent ;
but a Knight may be made alloon as a Child is
baptized, except Knight Bannerets. Note the
printed Book of Titles of Honour , fol. 218,
j x 3 . the firft Knight. With us in England
there are divers forts of Knights, whereof
Cambdeu 171. and Mills do write at large: But
amongft the Romans there was but one Order
of them, and they were next in Degree unto
the Senators. And they who fimply, with-
out any Addition, be called Knights, howfoe-
ver they are in order ranked lalt, yet by infti-
tution they are firft, and of greateft Antiquity;
and the other Orders are but late Attributes,ac-
; cording to the feveral inventions of particular
, Princes. And I do not remember that in our
1 Books of Law I have read any thing concern-
ing the Order of Knights with Addition, viz.
Knights of the Honourable Order of the Gar-
ter, Knights Bannerets , and Knights of the
Bath. But in the Statute iz Hen. 8. cap. 13.
it is enacted, That every Knight of the Gar-
ter may have three Chaplains, .whereof every
one may purchafe licence or difpenfation , and
receive, have, and keep two Benefices with
cure of Souls: but they of this Order which
I now treat of, are called Knights of the Spur,
or Knights Batchelors.

Between Doctors of the Civil Law and
Knights hath ever been queftion for prece-
dency , fince either of them hath been in cre-
dit in the Common-wealth : as may appear
both by the Comparifon that Tully maketh be-
tween Lucius Mureua, a Knight of Rome, and
Tublius Sulfitius a Lawyer, cither of them
(landing for Confulfhip, in his Eloquent Ora-
tion made for Mureua ; and many Difputes
of Bardal and Bar dm, arguing the Cafe Tro
and Con : which though it be disputable in Fo-
reign Parts ; yet here in England it is without
Controverfie , and the precedency thereof is
undoubtedly the Knights. But if they be both
of equal degree of Knighthood, then it gosth
by Seniority. The Opinion of fome men late-
ly hath been, That Knights Lieutenants (that
is to fay ) fuch Knights as either have been
Ambalfadors in Foreign Parts, or Judges with-
in the Realm , may and ought to have, during
their lives , precedency above men of their
own rank after their Offices expire; and fuS
Judice his efi, not determined by Judgment.
But admitting it fo to be, by way of Argument
in that cafe; yet the Heralds do deny that pri-
viledge to the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of
Londonjat Juftices of the Peace, who have their
limited Jurifdidtion of Magiftracy confined
them: but the former are generally Magiftrates
throughout the Realm, and their employment
concerneth the whole Commonwealth ; and
having the publick Juftice and Honour of the
whole Eftate committed unto them, do more

meri-

Knights Batcbelort.

1 1 1

Chap XXI.

meritorioutly draw from thence a great re-
fpect of Honour , according to the generality
of their Administration and Employments ,
which an intenour and more commed Magi-
ftrate cannot have.

The name of a Knight is a name of Digni-
ty , and a Degree, as is the name of Duke ,
Larl.&c. and mail Actions he mall be It) led
Knight j otherwife the Writ (hall abate.

A Knight alfo mult be named by both his
Chriltian and Surna 'Ties, as Sir A. B. Knight.
But thole Degrees honourable that are made
bv Patent , may be named only by their Chri-
ltian Names, and by their Title of Honour, as
Gilbert Earl of Shrews lury : and that for two
caufes; Firlt, becaufeof their folemn Creati-
ons f vomen dicitur a nojcendo ; ) Secondly,
there is but one part of that Title of Honour
witiiin England , and therefore it is certain
whatperfon he is ; but otherwife of Knights,
as it is certainly known in the 8 Ed-ju. ty.t^.a.
AndTrifot, Chief Juifice, faith, in the 31
Hen.^.zb.i. That if an Efquire be made a
Knight, he lofeth his Name of Ffquire ; but
though a Knight be made a Nobleman , or ot
any higher Degree, he doth Itill retain the
name of Knight, and fo ought to be ttyled in
all Writs.

Alfo if a man do recover in an Action by the
HsnWaf Johtf ift*7»,E% and afterwards be
made a Knight, he mult fue his Scire Facias
by the Name of Kn ght.

And this name (hall not die with him; for
if they were bound in an Obligation by the
Name of Gentlemen or Efquires , and after-
wards one is made a Knight, and dieth , the
Plaintiff in the Action to be brought againft
his Executors, mult name him Kmgut, other-
wife the Writ fttall abate.

if a Grant be made to H. T>. Knight , when
he is pc a Knight , it is a void Grant : but if
it be a Feoti'mt-nt with Livery, the Livery
roakerh :;good. If the Plaintiff or Deman-
dant do in his Writ name the Defendant or
Tenant Efquire when he is » Knight, the Writ
fliall not only abate, but alfo the Plainthf may
not have another Writ by Journeys ac-
compt.

But by the Statute made 1 Edw 6. chaf. 7.
it is among;', other things enacted, That al-
beit any perfon or perfons, being Juftices of
Aliize, Juftices of Goal-delivery , or Juftices
of the Peace within any of the King's Domi-
nions , or by any other of the King's Com-
mhlions whatfoever , fhall have the fortune to
be made or created Duke, Archbifhop , Mar-
quefs, Earl, Vifcount, Bifhop, Baron, Knight,
Jufliceof the one B^nch, or of the other, Ser-
jeant at I aw , or Sheriff, vet that notwith-
llanjing hfi an^i the fhall remain Juftices and
Commiilic". ■ v, feave full power and au-
thority to execute the fame in like manner and
for a as he or they might or ought to have
done before the fame. By the Satute of 1

Hen. 5. c hap. p it is enacted as followerii ,
That every Writ , Original of Actions per-
fonal , Appeals , and Indictments , and in
which an Exigit fhall be awarded to the
names of the Defendants, in fuch Writs, O-
ginal, Appeals, and Indictments fhall be made
the Additions of their Eftate, Degrees , &c.
And a little after it is provided , That if the
faid Writs of Actions Perfonal be not accord-
ding to the Record and Deed , by the Surplu-
frge of the Additions aforefaid, that for this
caufe they are not.

John Stiles Gent, is bound by Obligation
to one If. B. the Obligor is afterwards made
Knight, the Bond is forfeited ; W. B. by his
Attorney draweth a Note or Title for an Ori-
ginal, according to the Defendants Degree ,
although it vanes from the Original Specialty,
as it ought to be made by the Statute : But the
Curlitor millaking , did make the Original on-
ly according to fuch Addition as was fpeciried
j in the Obligation , omitting his Degree or
Dignity , and the Entry ct the Capita alias
Q) pluris was according to the faid Original ;
But in the Exigit and Proclamation , and En-
try of it, the Defendant was named according
to his Degree of Dignity : upon a Writ of Er-
ror after a Judgment , doubt was , If this
might be amended in another Court than
where the Original was made ; and at the fall
it was refolved by all the Court , That the Re-
cord fhould be amended by the Curfitor , and
made according to the Note and Title deliver-
ed unto him by the Attorney.

It appeareth in our Books of Law, that the
higheft and loweft Dignities are univerfal ; for
as if a King of a Foreign Nation come into
England by his Majeftie's leave (as it ought to
be J in this cafe he fliall fue and be fued by the
Name of a King; So fhall a Knight fue or be
fued by the name of a Knight, whereibever
he received that Degree ot Honour : But o-
therwife it is as if a Duke, Marquefs, Earl, or
other Title of Honour given by any Foreign
King or Emperor , yea, although the King by
his Letters Patents of fate Conduct do name
him Duke , or by what other Foreign Title of
Dignity he hath ; For Experience teacheth
that Kings joyned in League together by a
certain mutual (and as it were a natural}
power of Monarchs f according to the Law of
Nations) have admitted one anothers Ser-
vants, Subjects, and Ambalfadors graced with
the Title of Knighthood. Therefore though
a Knight receive his Dignity of a Foreign
Prince, he is fo to be idled in all Legal Pro-
ceedings within England. And Kings were
wont to fend their Sons unto their Neighbour
Princes to receive Knighthood at their hands ,
thinking that it was more honourable to take
Arms of fome other, left affection might ieem
to prevent Judgment, when the Father gave
I them that Honour. Thus our King Henry the
Second fent unto David King of Scots , and

Mai-

1 1 2 Knights-

Makoinbe King of Scots unto our Henry the
Second , and our Edward the Firft unto the
King of Gafitle , to take of them Military
Anns: For thefe terms and phrafes they ufed
in that Age for the Creation of a Knight.

And Knights in all ForeignCountries have e-
ver place and precedency according to their Se-
niority of being Knighted , wMcrj pnviledge
is denied to Noblemen ; for be they never lo
ancient, in Foreign Countries they fhall go be-
low, as Puifhes. The Degree of Knighthood
is not only a Dignity and Honour to the party,
( for fo it is termed in Brook's Title Additions
44.) but an Honour to the Kingdom : And
therefore it hath been an ancient Prerogative
of the Kings of this Realm , at their pleafure
to compel men of w orth to take upon them
that Degree upon payment of a Fine. But we
fee bv Lxpenence in thefe days, that none are
compelled thereunto , and that is the reafon ,
wherefore, if the Plaintiff be Knighted having
the Writ, it mall abate, becaufe he hath chang-
ed his name, and that by his own Ad:.

And for that caufe alfo, by the Common
Law, not only the King, but every Lord of a
Mannor ought to have of every of his Tenants
a reafonable Aid to make his eldeft Son a
Knight : And ail Lands are fubjee-t to thefe
Aids , except only ancient Demefne, and grand
and petty Serjeanty-Tenures, as the Law hath
lem anciently delivered : And in Jo. Shelden
131. where alfo it is faid, one that wrote a lit-
tle after the Statute of H'eftminffer the firft, al-
lows as a good barr to the Avowry , for the
Tenant to plead that the Father himfelf is no
Knight; fo that one not Knighted cannot claim
this Ayd of his Tenants, Brit an. caf.de prices
de avers.

And it was at the liberty of the Lord to
make more or lefs of his Tenants by the Com-
mon Law in this Cafe ; but by the Statute of
JFefimmfler the firft, Chap 5 j. it is put in con-
trary, viz-, forafmuch as before this time rea-
fonable Aid to make ones Son Knight , or to
marry his Daughter was never put in certain,
nor how much mould be taken , nor at what
time, w hereby fome levied unreafonable Aid,
and more often than feemed necelTary, where-
by the people were fore grieved : It is provided
that from henceforth, of a whole Knight's Fee,
there be taken but Twenty fhillings; and of
Twenty pounds in Land holden in Soccage,
Twenty fhillings ; and of more, more ,• andof
lefs, lefs ; after that rate. And that none ftiall
levy fuch Aid to make his Son a Knight, until
his Son be of fifteen years old ; nor to marry
his Daughter until lhe be of the Age of feven .
years : And of that there fhall be mention
made in the King's Writs formed on the fame,
when any will demand it.

And if it happen that the Father, after he
hath levied fuch Aid of his Tenants, die before
he hath married his Daughter, the Executors
of the Father fhall be bound to the Daughter

Bachelors. Part II.

tor fo much as the Father received for the Aid.
And if the Father's Goods be not fufficient, his
Heir ihall be charged therewith unto the
Daugher. And this Aid is fo incident, that al-
though the Lord do confirm unto the Tenant
to hold by Fealty and certain Rent , and re-
leale unto him all other Services and Demands;
yet ihall he have the Aid to make his eldeft Son
a Knight. But the King was not bound by the
Statute aforementioned, becaufe the King was
not named in the Statute : Therefore by the
Statute 2 j Edic. 3. chap. n } the King's Aid
were brought to a like value.

The intention of the Law is, That an Heir
until the Age of One and twenty years, is
not able to do Knights Service. But fuch a
prefumption of Law doth give place to a
Judgment of proof to the contrary, as Bra-
clou laith, Szalitur prejnhptiom, donee probe-
uir in contrarium. And therefore when
the King, who is the Sovereign Judge of all
Chivalry, hath dubbed him a Knight, he by
this hath adjudged him able to do him Knight's
Service, and all men are concluded to fay the
contrary to it : And therefore fuch an Heir be-
ing made a Knight , either in the life time of
his r ather, or afterwards during his minority,
ihall be out of Ward and Cuftody both for his
Land, and Body, and marriage by the Award
of the ancient Common Law. By reafon alfo
that the Honour of Knighthood is fo great,
that it is not to beholden under by any; yet.
if the King do create fuch an Heir within Age
a Duke, Marquefs, Earl, Vifcount, or Ba-
ron , by this he fhall not be out of Ward and
Cutlody both for his Land and Body. And
therefore it is propounded by the Statute of
Magna Chart a, chap. ^. It a tamen (juod fi ip-
[e, dum infra atatemfuerit, fiat miles, mhil-
ominus terra remaneat in Cuftodia Domino-
rum fuortim. So that although fuch an Heir
within Age be made Knight, and thereby to
this purpofe is efteemed as of full Age; yet
the Land ihall remain in Cuftody of the Lord,
till his Age of One and twenty years by the
purview of the faid Aci.

Qiuftion : If the Son and Heir of the Te-
nant of the King by Knights Service, Sic. be
made Knight in Tarts bv the French King ,
whether lie fhall be out of Wardfhip after the
death of his Father, or no \ for thereby he is a
Kn.f^ix 'm England : Coke's jeventh part , b.
2 Edw. 4. fol. tamen vide in Cole's fixth
part, 74. b. mention is only made of Knights
made by the King himfelf , or by his Lieute-
nant in Ireland. But when the King doth
make an Heir apparent within Age of a Te-
nant by Knights Service a Knight in the life
of his Anceftor ; and after the death of his An-
ceffor the faid Heir being within Age, fhall in
this Cafe be out of Ward, and ihah pay no va-
lue for his marriage , neither fhall the Lord
have the Cuftody of the Land;forin that Cafe,
by the making of him Knight in the life of

his

Chap XXL

his Anceftor, lie is made of full Age ; fo that
when his Anceftor dieth , no intereft , either
in the Body , or in the Land , fliall invert in
the Lord ; but the Knight may tender his Li-
very as if he were of lull Age : And in that
cafe the King fliall have primicr Safin, as if
he had been One and twenty years of Age at
the time of the death of his Anccllor, and not
otherwife. For the Statute of Magna Onir-
ic i doth not extend unto it; for the purview of
it doth extend only when the Heir in Ward
( infra atatem ) is made Knight, then rema-
v.et terra in Cnftodia, &c.

But when the Heir is made Knight in the
life of his Anceftor , then the Cuftody cannot
remain, which never had any inception or ef-
fence.

Alfo when the Heir , after the death of his
Anceftor, within Age is made Knight, if af-
ter tender made to him he within Age do mar-
ry elfewhere , yet he fkall not pay the forfei-
ture of his marriage ; for by the making him
Knight he is out of Ward and Cuftody of his
Lord , for then he ought to be fui Jurts , and
may imploy himfelf in feats of Arms for de-
fence of the RealnySic. and therefore may not
be within the Cuftody of another ; and none
lhall pay an> r forfeiture , but when after any
refufal he doth marry himfelf, during the time
when he is under the cuftody and keeping of
his Lord: And this doth appear by the Statute
of Merton, chap. 6. Si fe marituricrit fine
licentia Domini pti , G> ei conferet marita-
gkm fuum , &c. which words cannot be un-
derftood when he is out of Ward and Cuftody,
no more than when he is married after the Age
of One and twenty years. Note hereby, that
the King may prevent his Grantee , or other
Lords , of the double value by Knighthood :
Yet in fuch cafe, prefem'y after the Heir is
made a Knight after the death of his Anceftor,
the Lord may have a Writ de valor e maritagii
for the fingle.

Alfo by the ancient Common Law of this
Realm , if a Villain be made a Knight, he is
immediately infranchifed : And if a Ribald, or
a man of bafe birth and condition had ftruck a
Knight, by the ancient Law he Ihould have loft
his hand wherewith he offended.

But in France it was anciently adjudged ,
that when the Lord of a Villain had Knighted
his Villain, being a Gentleman he became free,
and had his Honour lawfully ; but if another
Lord had Knighted him , nothing had been
wrought by it, for none could manumit him
but his Lord ; and till Manumillion or Knight-
hood he had civil freedom for his ground, but
was not capable of it , except by the King on-
ly-
It was enacled by Parliament in the fixth
year of the Reign of King John, in hac ver-
ba, RexVicecom. (Sc. Sciatit quod confenfum
efi cum afenfii Arcbicpifcoporum , Comiium,
Baronum, & omnium fidclium tioflrorum An-

glia quod novem Milites per tbtam Angliam
invenient dccuriam Militum bene paratcrum
aquis K arm is ad dcfenfionem Regni no-
ftri.

There hath ever been , and ftill is , great
life of the Services of Knights even in Civil
Affairs , and concerning matters of Juftice : as
in a Writ of Right, which is the higheft Writ
in Law for trial of Titles touching the Inhe-
ritance of Lands ; the Tenant is at his Electi-
on to have his Trial by great Affize , or elfe by
Battel ; if by the great Affize , the Writ 2>
magna Affiza eligejida lhall be thus, viz.

Rex Vicecomiti [aim em , i£c. Summoneas
per bonos fummouitores quatuor legale s Mi-
lites de Comitatu tuo , quod fint coram Jufti-
ciariis noilr'ts ad frimam Ajfizam cum in
partes illas venerint ad eligcndum fiiper fa-
cramenttim fuum , iz de militibus de vifum
de N. qui melius fciant is velint dicere veri-
tatcm adfaciendam recoguitionem magna ajj li-
ra inter A. peleut. ® B. tev.eni. de nuo meffii-
agio cum pertineutin in N. nude idem B.qul
teneus eft pofuit fecum magnam AJf. npftram
iS petit recoguitionem fieri utrum eorum ha-
bent jus in meffnagium prad.B. qui tunc fit
ibi auditurus illam elettiouem , habeas ibi
nomina prtcd. milit. ad hoc breve, t$e. And
upon the Return of this Writ, thofe four
Knights muft appear gladiis cunCli, Dier 79.
/i>/. 103.

If the Tenant make his Election by Battel,
each parties are to choofe theirChampions, and
the Court fliall award the Battel , and the
Champions lhall be at Mainprize , and fworn
to perform the Battel at a certain day in the
Term; and idem dies fliall be given to the
parties, at which day and place a Lift fliall be
made in an even and plain Ground there qua-
drant, that is to fay , every way fixty foot,
iquare ; and the Place or Court for the Juftices
of the Common Tleas without, and upon the
Lifts furniflied with the fameClothes which be-
long to their Court at lVeflmmfter , and a Barr
fliall be there made for the Serjeants at Law ;
and the Robes of the Juftices and Serjeants
fliall be of Scarlet, with their Coif's on, as it
was the Thirteenth of Eliz. and then was
made Proclamation with three O Tes : And
the Demandant firft was folemnly demanded,
and did not appear ; whereupon the Manu-
perors of the Champion were demanded to
bring forth the Champion of the Demandant ,
who came into the place apparelled with red
Sandals upon his black Armour , bare legged
from the Knee downwards, and bareheaded,
and bare Arms to the Elbows , being brought
in by a Knight, namely Sir Jerom Bowes, who
carried a red Battoon of an ell long, tipped
with horn , and a Yeoman carrying the Tar-
get made of double Leather ; and they were
brought in at the North fide of the Lifts , and
went about the fides of the Lifts until they
came to the midft of the Lifts , and then came

Knights Batchelors.

Knights Batcbelors.

^^dvt^Barr,before the Juftices, with three
folemnCongies; and there was he made to
ftand on the South fide of the place, being the
right fide of the Court: And alter that the
other Champion was brought in in like man-
ner at the South fide of the Lifts, with like
Copies, by the hands of Sir Henry Chequte
Kt &c and was placed on the North fide oi
the Barr , and two Serjeants, being or the
Counfel of each part , in the midft between
them This done, the Demandant was 10-
lemnl'y called again , and appeared not, but
made default. Bawkm, Serjeant tor the
Tenant , prayed the Court to record the
Nonfuit , quodfaZtumfHit. And then T>yer
Chief Tuftice, reciting the Writ and Content,
and blue joyned upon the Battel, and the o-
therof the Champions to perform it , and the
nrefidionof this day and place, did give final
judgment againft the Demandant , and that
the Tenant iho uld have the Land to him, and
to his Heirs forever ; and the Demandant and
his Pledges de pro\equendo in mifericordta
Reaint ■ And afterwards folemn Proclamation
was made that the Champions, and all others
there prefent ( which were by eftimation a-
bovc Four thoufand perfons) might depart e-
very man in the peace of God and the Queen ,
ca fic fecerunt cum m.igno clamore,vivat Re-

^ Alfo if falfe Judgment be given in the
Country, which is the Sheriffs Court, then
the Writ fliall be thus; Henricus , Vice-
comiti Lincoln. faUtem 5 Si A. fecerit , &c.
turn iff item ComitatU tub per breve voftrum
de recto inter Johaunem L. petentem , K
Will. B. tenentem de 11110 meffuagio & cen-
tum acris terrte cum fertinentiu in C. wide
idem J. L. qiieritur falfiim (i&i factum fu-
ijfe Judicium in eodem, & Record. 1 Hud ha-
beas coram Jufiiciariis Juris apud Weftmin-
flerium tali die fub JigiUo tuq , Uperqua-^
tuor legates Milites ejufdem comitatns , fj
illos qui Recordo illi interfuerunt , S> jutn-
moneas per 60110s \1imm0mt0res fradiSfunt
B. quod tunc fit Hi auditurus Recordum il-
lud, K habeas ibi \ua nomina quatiior mili-
um & hoc breve. Fitz.Nat.Brev.itidem E.
And, thofe four muft be Knights indeed. Al-
io the Juftices upon confideration of the ufual
words in every Writ of Venire Facias, Coram
iSc. Dnodecm turn Milites quam alios liberos
is legates homines, &c. fay that thefe words
[turn Milites] were not at the firft put into
the Writ without effect, Tlowden ny.b. For
it feemeth that in diebws Hits, fome Knights
were returned upon every Venire Facias.

By the Statute of Magna Charta, cap. iz. It
is ordained that Affizes of Novel Dilleifon
and Mortdancefter fhould not be taken any
where, but within the Countries where they
happen , by the Juftices of Affize , and the
Knights of the Shire ; vide JVeftminfter z.
ibiip. 30. And by the Seven and twentieth oi

Part li.

Edward the Firft, chap. 30. de finiius levan-
dis, amongft other things it is enacted , That
for the utility of the Realm , and the more af-
fured confervation of the Peace.the Juftices af-
figned to take Affizes in all Shires, where they
take Affizes as it is ordained, immediately af-
ter the Affizes taken in the Shires fliall remain
both together if they be Lay; and if one of
them be a Clerk,then one of the moft difcreet
Knights of the Shire being affociated unto
him that is a Lay-man , by our Writ fliall de-
liver the Goals of the Shires, as well within
the Liberties as without , of all manner of
Prifoners, after the form of the Goal Delive-
ry of thofe Shires before timeufed.

Alfo in the Statute of IVeffmiufter 11. cap.
38. de 11011 poneudis in Affizis S) Jurat is, it
is provided, that the faid Statute fliall not ex-
tend to Grand Affizes , in which it behoveth
many times Knights to pafs-, not refident in
the County, for the fcarcity of Knights , fo
that they have Lands in the Shire. And by
the Law Knights having Land may be re-
turned upon Juries in ordinary Trials between
party and party, as other Freeholders may be.
And" therefore in a Challenge to the great Af-
fize under Edward the Third , one was chal-
lenged ceo qu'il fait abaner ■ or as the A-
bridgment hath it, a Baronet ; but it was not
allowed : and the Reafon is given ; Car s'll
foit a Baiter , S ne tient pas per Baronie il
ferra en I'affif ?.

Of the double parity England, that is,
of Barons, and all Dignities above them , be-
ing Peers of the Realm , and all other under
them, arc- Peers amongft themfelves ; for not-
withftanding that Dignity of Knighthood ,
they are reckoned amongft the Commons.
And we daily fee that Knights do ferve in
Parliament as Members of the Commonalty.
Neverthelefs the Sheriff in his difcretion will
not impannel Knights, but in fpecial and great
Caufes : As in Cafes of Indictments of a Peer
of the Realm , they are to be enquired and
found by Knights and Efquires , though their
Trial fliall be only by their Peers. And in
38 Hen. 8. Henry Howard Earl of Surrey £
Son and Heir apparent of Thomas Duke of
Norfolk , was attainted of High Treafon ,
and was tried alfo by Knights, Efquires, and
Gentlemen, and not by Lords or Peers of
the Realm , becaufe he was not of that Dig-
nity by Creation.

Since the ufe of making every Earl firft a
Baron of fome place ( which began ,_as moft
Writers treat, about the time of Henry
the Eighth ) it hath been a Cuftome to ftyle
their Heirs apparent Lords and Barons, With
the Title of their Father's Barony ( when
Vifcounts, or Baron's Heirs apparent are only
ftyled Efquires 0 but this is only a piece of
Civility , and of meer fafliion ; yet it is al-
lowed of in Heraldry , with whom the Rule
is, That the eldeft Son of every one of a crea-
ted

Chap.XXI.

Knights Batchelon.

ted Degree is as of the next Degree under ]
him , which may be applied to Dukes,Earls,
and the like : But in Legal Proceedings they
enjoy no fuch matter, nor have by their be-
ing Heirs Apparent any Prerogative of the
greater Nobility.

And in cafe where a Peer of the Realm
is party Plaintiff or Defendant in any Acti-
on or Suit , if the Sheriff do not return one
Knight at the leaft to be of the Jury , the
laid Noble Perfoh may Challenge , and for
that only caufe quafh the whole pannel.

By the Statute of CarliUe i j Edw. 2. it
was enacted , That he who levied a Fine
fhould appear in proper perfon , to the in-
tent that his Age , Idiocy , or other defect
"might be difcovered by the Judges. Never-
thefefs upon Impotehcy , whereby he cannot
come in Court,two,or one of thejullices,by the
confent of the reft of the Juftices, fhall go unto
him and take his Recognizance ; and if but one
of them go , he ffitaU take a Knight with
him , and (hall certifie it in the Bench of
Record , to the intent that all things inci-
dent to the fine be examined by them, and
then the fine may be levied. But after this
good Statute , a worfe Cuftom and life hath
Come in place : For by a T>edtmus poteftatem
out of Chancery to one Knight , and to a
Juftice of the Peace of the County in fuch
cafes, is procured and directed to a Knight
and two others , who perhaps be neither
Knights nor Juftices , but perhaps men of
fmall eftimation, and unto two or three of
them, without faying Quorum the Knight
fhall be one ; and two of them without the
Knight have taken the Recognizance of the
Fine, ibid. 101. b. But great prejudice this
practife of omitting the interpofing of the u-
iual Service of Knights in this behalf hath
been to many , and fcandalous to the Law
of the Land , they fometimes taking Recog-
nizances of a Fine from a Feme Covert, as
if fhe were fole, and many times acknow-
ledged by Juftices. If a Tenant do lay an
Effoiit demur bo leBi, he may have a Writ
out of the Chancery to warrant it, by which
it fhall be commanded to four Knights to
view him ; and if they fee him fick , then
they are to give him day , to the end of a
year and a day. Note the Regifter, /0/.177.
b. Qjiod Coronator iwn elegatur ntfi fit miles
fS, &e. jttxta formam Statnti Weftm. 1.
cap. 10.

It is a received Opinion, that Knights are
excufed from attendance at Leets, and Brit-
ton 29. © 36. is cited to prove it. And by a
large underftanding of the intent and mean-
ing of the Statute of Marlbridgc, chap. 1 o.
For the ancient Common Law had fuch re-
flect to the Degree of Knighthood, that they,
rior their eldeft Sons , were compelled to find
Pledges in the Leet or Law-days ; for the
Statute of Marlbridge aforefaid was not/«-

troduffiva uova Legit , for it was before
the Conqueft. -And the Common Law is
not by this Statute abridged. And by the
Book called the Mirror of Juftice , menti-
oned in the Preface to Cobe's ninth part ,
it is faid that Knights "are excepted: Audio
it appears that the practice was as well be-
fore, as immediately after the making of
that Statute of Marlbrfdge ; aild Interpret a-
tio Tratlicd is a principal way and form of
Interpretation of Laws. The Lord Chancel-
lor's Speech, in the Cafe of Toftnati , fol. jS.
And in Divinity, Traxts fanclorwn eft inter-
pret at/o fr£ceptorum,ibid.66. But a. Knight,
and all Superiors and Inferiors, are bound by
Law to attend the County or Sheriffs Court
wherein he dwelleth , and at his peril to
take notice of the proceedings thereof : For
if a Man be Outlawed of Felony at a Coun-
ty Court, and one of the fame County not
knowing of the Felony doth receive him ,
he is Acceffory. Alfo-when the King doth
Summon his Parliament , Writs Iliall be fent
to the Sheriff to make choice of Knights of
every Shire in this form ; Rex Vicecom. N.
Saint em, quia de avifame'nto & affcidu 1:0-
ftri Concilii, pro qmlmfdam ardtm tji urgen-
tibus negotus nos, [latm/i, © defcvfioncm
Regni no'ftri Anglia, & Ecclefia yl/g/icana
concirnenlibusqnoddam'Parliameutumnuflrnm
apnd Civitatem noflram Weftm. duodecimo
die NoVembru proxime futuro teneri or-
dmavimus , S ibidem cum 'Tralatu magua-
tibw , 8 proceribus diBi Regni noftri col-
loquium habere & traBare,tibi pracipimns
firmiter injuugentes, quod facia Troclamatio-
ne in prox. Comit. tuo pofl receptionem hujus
brevu noftri tenendi die , G) loco prad. duos
Milites gladiu cinBos Magifidouers SB;/-
cretos Com.prad. &c. © e/eBiouemtS partes
fub figillo tuo, © Jub figtllis eornm qui ele-
Biom illi interjuerunt nobit in Caucellaria
noftra ad diBum diem, © locum certifices
indilate. See the Statute 23 lien. 6. cap. 15.
where amongft other things it is enacted ,
That the Knights of the Shires for Parlia-
ments hereafter to be chofen , fhall be nota-
ble Knights of the fame Counties for the
which they fhall be chofen , or elfe fuch no-
table Efquires or Gentlemen being of the
fame Counties , as fhall be able to be
Knights.

Peers of the Realm are by intendment of
Law fufficient of Freehold ; and that is one
of the Reafons wherafore no Capias or Exi-
git Jieth againft 'them for Debt or Tref-
pafs.

But the Law hath not that Opinion of the
Knights fuffieiency of Freehold : for he may
be a Knight without Land ; therefore , and
then he is not to be returned of any Jury or In-
queft , howfoever he may be worthy and fuf-
ticient to ferve the Commonwealth in Mar-
fhal Affairs. The Wives and Widows of
P 2 Knights

1 1 6

Knights in Legal Proceedings, and in Courts
of Juftice, have not the Title of Lady, as
the Wives or Widows of Noblemen have ;
yet by the Courtefie of England that Title
is given them.

And if in any action they be not called
Ladies , for that caufe the Writ (ball not a-
bate for that Surplufage, becaufe Tiominais
general to Women , as T>omini to Men. So
where Women after Fourteen years of Age
are called Tomina for Ladies or Dames ; and
with us anciently marriageable Women were
called Tlomina ; and in our old Englifli Leets,
Dames. .

Firft, Tlominie is often ufed for Women
generally, as a fpecial Honour for that Sex ,
being not out of fafhion at this day ; nor
with the French; as alfo amongft the Itali-
ans, Tiomina for them is familiar. But if fhe
be named Comiteffa or Baroneffa , whereas
fl-,e is no Countefs or Baronefs in Law , then
without queftion the naming of her fo lhall a-
bate the Writ.

By the Statute of Magna Charta,chap.zi.
Knights are freed from Cart-taking, that
no Demefne Cart of them fliall be ta-
ken.

By the Statute i Jacobi, cap. 27. it feem-
eth that Knights Sons may keep Greyhounds,
and Setting-Dogs, and Nets to take Pheafants
and Partridges in, though they cannot expend
Ten pounds per Annum, nor be worth Two
hundred pounds ; for by the exprefs words of
the Statute , all the Sons of Knights are ex-
cepted.

Ohfervations concerning Knights
Baicbelors.

A Baronet cannot claim the Priviledge that
Knights have from Cart-taking by Mag-
na Chart a 2 3 .

A Baronet's Son cannot keep a Grey-hound,
&c. becaufe he is not within the Statute of
1 Jac. 27. unlefs he hath Ten pounds per
Annum, tamen quicre; See the faid Statute, and
Statute 22 23 Car. 2. Qtuere whether the
Baronets Addition doth abate any Action.
If one be Knighted in the life time of his
Father, it frees him from Wardfhip ; but con-
tra oi a Baronet. Knights are excufed from
attendance at Leets, which Baronets are
not.

Note, That by the Statute iz Car. z. chap,
24 the Court of Wards, Tenures in Capite ,
Liveries , Oufter le maines , and other de-
pendance upon the Court is taken away ; and
then was repealed the Statute 52 lien. 8. chap.
6. 3 3 Car. 22.

A Knight Batchelor is a Title (as before
noted ) borrowed from Horfmanfhip , and

Part J I

therefore ought to be reprefented by the Ef-
figies of a Captain of a Troop of Horfe.

I lhall here let down the manner of ma-
king Knights about the year of Chrift joo,
near which time King Arthur Reigned in
England , as I find it in Sir William Segar's
Book of Honour Military and Civil, page 53.
where he faith, That a Prince being minded
to make a Knight, commanded a Stage or
Scaffold to be erected in fome Cathedral
Church in his Kingdom, or fome fpaaous
place near unto it , to which place the Gen-
tleman was brought to receive that Honour;
and being come , was forthwith placed on a
filver Chair , adorned with green Silk. Then
it was demanded of him if he were of a heal-
thy Body , and able to undergo the Travel re-
quired in a Souldier ; alfo whether he were a
man of honeft converfation , and what credi-
ble Witnelles he could produce to affirm the
fame. Then the Bifhop or chief Prelate of
the Church took the Bible , and holding it
open before the Knight in prefence of the King
and all others, fpake thefe words; Sir, you
that defire to receive the Order of Knight-
hood , [wear before Cod , and by this Holy
Book , that you fliall not fight againfi this
mighty and excellent 'Prince that now be-
ftoweth the Order of Knighthood upon you ,
utile you /hall be commanded fo to do in
the fervice of your own King ; for in that
cafe , having firft yielded up the Collar ,
Tlevice , and other Enjigns of Honour now
received , it Jhall be lawful for you to ferve
again ft him, without reproach or offence to
all other Companions in Arms. But other-
wife doing you fliall incur Infamy, and ben g
taken in War, Jhall be fubiefi to the pains
of death : Jou fliall alfo [wear with all your
force and power to maintain and defend all
Ladies , Gentlewomen , Widows , Orphans,
and dijlreffed Women; and you fliall fliun no
adventure of your perfon in any War where-
in you fliall happen to be.

My Author further faith , That this Oath
being taken , two of the chief Lords led him
to the King , who prefently drew forth his
Sword, and laid it upon his Head, faying,
God and St. George ( or what other Saint
the King pleafeth to name) make thee a
good Knight. Then came to the Knight fe-
ven Noble Ladies attired in white , and be-
girt a Sword unto his fide; which being
done, four Honourable Knights put on his
Spurs. Thefe Ceremonies being paft, the
Queen took him by the right Arm , and a
Dutchefs by the left, and led him to a
rich Seat placed on an Afcent , where they
feated him , the King fitting on his right
hand , and the Queen on his left ; then
the Lords and Ladies alfo fate down upon
other Seats three Defcents under the King:
And being all thus feated , they were enter-
tained

Knights Batcbelors.

chap.xxr.

Knights Batcbelors.

1 1

tained with a Delicate Banquet or Colla-
tion , and fo the Ceremony ended.

Of Degrading of Knights.

DEgrading of Knights is not very cufto-
mary , Examples being feldom found ,
it being ufed only for great and notable
Fads and Offences againlt Loyalty and Ho-
nour ; as abfenting themfelves difhonoura-
bly from their King's Service ; for leaving
their Colours , and flying to the Enemy ;
for betraying Caftles, Forts, and the like
hainous Crimes.

The manner of Degrading a Knight hath
been as followeth : When a Knight had been
found thus dilloyal or corrupt , he was to
be apprehended , and armed Cap-a-pe , as
if he was going to the Wars , was to be
placed upon a high Scaffold made for that
purpofe in the Church ; and after the Priefb

had fung fome Funeral Pfahns , as are u-
fed at burials , as though he had been dead,
firft they take of his Helmet to fliew his
face, and fo by Degrees his whole Ar-
mour: then the Heralds proclaiming him a
dilloyal Mifcreant, with many other Cere-
monies to declare him Ignoble, he was
thrown down the Stage with a Rope ; and
this was done about the time of King Ar-
thur, as is affirmed by Mills, fol. 84.

Alfo about the Degrading of Knights thefe
things have alfo been ufed ; as the reverting
their Coat of Arms;by feizing of their Equipage
( except one Horfe ) ne qui digmtate f.ichis
eft eques cogitur fedes incedere ; by cutting
of the Spurs from their Heels , and by ta-
king away their Sword and breaking it.
But of late the Martial Law is ufuallv put
in Execution , both in our Civil Wars as
in France , and elfewhere ; that is, to' di-
fpatch fuch trayterous perfons by a File of
Mufquetiers.

KNIGHTS

O F T H E

Round Table.

CHAP. XXII.

a Mr — ♦ H E Founder of this ancient Or-
* ■ der of Knighthood was Arthur
King of the Britain* , who
fi reigned about the year of Chrift
ji6. whofe Valour was fo great
and admirable, that many now living do be-
lieve the fame rather fabulous than real. This
Noble King having , is Sir William Segarno-
teth , driven out of England the Saxons, con-
quered Norway , Scotland, and the greateft
part of France (where at Tarn he was
crowned) and returning home , lived infuch
great Renown , that many Princes and wor-
thy Knights came from all Parts to his Court
to give Evidence of their Valour in the Exer-
cife of Arms. Upon this he erected a Frater-
nity of Knights , which confided ( as fome
fay ) of Four and twenty ; others, a greater
Number; amongft whom he himfelf was
Chief : And for the avoiding of Controver-
fies for taking place when they met toge-
ther , he caufed a Round Table to be made ,
from whence they took their Name ; which
faid Table ( if you will believe the Inhabi-
tants of Winchefier) hangs up in their Caftle,
where they ufed to meet ; and the time of their
meeting was ixWhitfontide.

Into this Society none were admitted, whe-
ther Britains or Strangers , but fuch as did
make fufficient proof of their Prowefs and
Dexterity in Arms , and fuch as were Re-
nowned for their Vertue and Valour.

The Articles which they vowed to keep ,
werejTo be always well armed, both for Horfe
or Foot Service,either by Land or Sea ; and to
be always ready to affail Tyrants and Oppref-
fors ; To protedt and defend Widows , Mai-
dens' and Children ; and to relieve all that are
in nece/fity : To maintain the Chriftian Faith ,
contribute their Aid to Holy Church, and to
protecT: Pilgrims: To advance Honour, and
fupprefs Vice : To bury Souldiers that wanted
Sepulchres : To ranfom Captives, deliver Pri-
foners, and adminifter to the cure of wound-
ed Souldiers , hurt in the Service of their
Country : To Record all Noble Enterpnzes ,
to the end that the Fame thereof may ever
live to their Honour, and the Renown of the
Noble Order.

That upon any complaint made to the King
of Injury or Oppreflion, one of thefe Knights,
whom the King mould appoint, was to Re-
venge the fame. If any Foreign Knight came
to Court , with defire to Ihew his Prowefs,

thefe

Chap XXII.

thefe Knights ought to be ready in Arms to
anfwer him. If any Lady , Gentlewoman ,
or other oppreifed or injured perfon, did
prefent a Petition declaring the fame, whe-
ther the Injury was done here or beyond
Sea, he or ihe ihould be gracioully heard ,
and without delay one or more Knights Ihould
be fent to make Revenge : And that every
Knight, for the advancement of Chivalry,
ihould be ready to inform young Lords and
Gentlemen in the Orders and Exercifes of
Arms.

For what I can find , there was no Robe
or Habit prefcribed unto thefe Knights; nor
can I find with what Ceremony they were
made ; neither what Officers did belong un-
to the faid Order , except a Regifler to re-
cord all their Noble Enterprizes.

Not to pafs over this Noble Arthur , give
me leave to repeat what I find mentioned of
him by Sir William Segar in the faid Chap-
ter. This valiant Prince , not confining him-
felf to the narrow limits of his own King-
dom , left the Government thereof to the
management of his Cofin Mordred, and be-
gan his Journey, or rather Conquefl: ( for
in all places he found Fortune to favour him)
And after his many Vif-tories gained of the
Saxons , Scots , Norwegians, 'Romans , Sa-
racens, and French ; in the end , being la-
den with Honour, he returned into England,
but found Mordred a Traitor , as ufurping
the Government, and obflru&ing his Land-
ing : But all that he could do was in vain ;
for being landed , he fled to London, but
the Citizens refufing to give him Entrance,'

I J <J

he went into Cornwall , where King Arthur
gave him Battel , which proved unfortunate
to them both , for Mordred was flain by-
King Arthur , who Was aifo defperately
wounded ,- and after this wound (as fome fay)
he was never found alive or dead , which
made the Poets to feign that he was taken
up into the Firmament, and there remaineth
a Star amongft the Nine Worthies : Which
phanfie is founded upon the Prophefie of old
Merlin, which was his Counfel, andefleem-
ed as a Prophet ; who for many years before
affirmed , That King Arthur, after a certain
time, ihould refufcitate and come unto Car-
lion, to relfore the Round Table. He wrote
this Epitaph :

Hie jacet Arturus, Rex quondam,rexque fit-
turns.

According to Andrew Favin , there was
an Order of Knighthood called Knights of
St. Thomas , which was inftituted by King
Richard the Firft , after the furprifal of the
City of Aeon, and confifted of all Englifli
men. Their Patron was St. Thomas Bccket-
their Garment was white; and their Enfign
was a red Crofs charged in the midft with
a white Efcallop. But A. Meudo believeth
that thefe Knights were rather fome of thofe
which joyned themfelves with the Knights
Hoff itallers, for that they wore the fame
Habit, followed the fame Rule, and obfer-
ved the fame Cuflomes as did the Knights
of St. John of Aeon.

Knights of the Round Table.

1 WT HHTS

OF THE

THISTLE,

OB. OF

St. Andrew in Scotland,

CHAP. XXIII.

•w- "W V NGVS, King of the Ttffs,
I the Night before the Battel that
■ " H was fought betwixt him and A-
I thelftan King of England, faw
i n the Skic a bright Crofs in fa-
fhion of that whereon St. Andrew fuffered Mar-
tyrdom ; and the day proving fuccefsiul unto
Uungns, in memorial of the laid Apparition,
which did prefage fo happy an Omen, the
TiBs and Scots have ever fince bore in their
Enfigns and Banners the Figure of the laid
Crofs, which is in falhion of a Saltier.

And from hence 'tis believed that this Or-
der took its rife, which was about the year of
our Lord 8 1 o. For -King Humus and Achams
( Confederates againft Athalftan) went bare-
footed ( in a devote way ) to the Kirk of St.
Andrew , to return thanks to God and his A-
poftles for their Victory ; vowing for them-
felves and their pofterity, ever to ufe the aid
Crofs in their Enfigns in any warlike Expediti-
on. . .

The principal Enfign of this Order is a gol-
den Collar compofed of Thirties, intermixed

with Annulets of Cold , to which hangs the fi-
gure of St. Andrew with his Crofs, and this E-
pigraph , Nemo me impune lacejjit. But for
their common Enfign they wore a green Ri-
bon , to which hung a golden Thiftle crowned
with an Imperial Crown , within a Circle of
Gold, with the faid Epigraph.

Their grand meeting was annually on St.
Andrews day , in the Church of the Town fo
called ; and-during the Solemnity of the Feaft,
thefe Knights ( which were in number Thir-
teen, in ailufion to our Saviour and the Twelve
Apoftles) were richly apparelled, and in their
ParliamentRobes.having embroidered on their
left Shoulders St. Andrews Crofs within a blew
Rundle, and in the Center of the faid Crofs was
a Crown compofed of Golden Flower de lis.

Having thus treated of the feveral Degrees
of Knighthood which are or have been ufed a-
mongft us : In the next place I fhall give the
Reader an account of divers Degrees of
Knighthood in other Kingdoms, although ma-
ny of them are now Extin6h

O R-

ORDE

O F

KNIGHTHOOD

Wjiich are or were Inftituted in

PALESTINE

AND OTHER

Parts of ASI A.

CHAP. XXIV.

Knights of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerufalem.

TH I S Order of Knighthood is
held to be the moft ancient of
all thofe Orders that took their
beginning in the Holy Land;
and is faid to be inftituted about
the time that the Temple of Jerusalem was
regained from the Saraze «j-,which was in An-
no 1099.

Some Authors fay, That Tbilip King of
France was the tirft Inftituter of this Order;
but Favin faith that it was Baldwin the firft
King of Jerufalem , who made the Regular
Canons ( which then refided in a Convent
near adjoyning to the faid Sepulchre} Knights

of the faid Order , whofe chief Duty was
to guard the Holy Sepulchre; to relieve and
protecT: Pilgrims; to fight againft the Sa-
razens and Infidels ; and to hear Mafs eve-
ry day. The Armorial Enfign belonging
unto them was two red Crolles united into
one.

When the Chriftians were expelled the
Holy Land , thefe Knights fettled themfelves
at Terugi.4 in Italy : But by the Bulls of
Pope Innocent the Eighth, Anno 1484. they
and all their Goods were annexed and joyned
to the Knights Hofpitallers , then refiding at
Rhodes.

Q Knights

122

Orders of Knighthood in Afia.

Part II.

Knigbtt Hofpt alien of St. John
Baptift in Jerufalem , called
Knights of the Rhodes, now of
Malta. ,

r Omewhat before the Chriftians took the
r> City of Jerufalem from the Sarazens ,
certain Chriftian Merchants of »Af°
traded to thefe parts, obtained leave from
the Caliph oi Egypt (who had then the Go-
vernment thereof to dwell near the Sepul-
chre of Chrift, and to erect a fmall Houfe
for the entertainment of themfelves and ni-
E rims', and called it The Holpaal of Chri-
stians; together with a fmall Oratory dedica-
ted to the bletfed Virgin Mary. After that
the number of Chriftians increafing, they built
another Houfe for Women , and dedicated it
to St. Mary Magdalen ; and at length they
built a more large Hdufe.which they dedicated
to St. John Baptift , the others being too
fmall for the entertainment ot Strangers that
thither came for Devotion, and here they en-
tertainedand cured the difeafed amongft them.
And for their Religion, Charity, and Hofpita-
litv they began to become eminent ; and ha-
ving took St. John Baptift for their Patron ,
they obtained the title or name ot Brethren
Holpitallers of St. John Baptift of Jerufalem :
Then received they the regular Habit of black,
with a white Crofs on the Garment near their
left Shoulder, and vowed Obedience.Poverty,
andChaftity. .

This Order is faid to be firft mftituted in
Anno 1099. by one Gerard 'of the Province of
Tholouje, a man of a holy life, and had large
priviledges conferred upon them by King
Baldwin the firft, who created them Knights,
and permitted them to ufe Arms, and to fight
againft the Sarazens and Infidels for the De-
fence of the Chriftian Faith , and to be Guar-
dians of the Holy Sepulchre. At this time
they acknowledged their Obedience to the Pa-
sriarch of Jerufalem ; but growing in wealth,
they obtained the favour of the Pope to be ab-
folved from their Obedience, and was by Pope
ran the fourth received under the protecti-
on of the Papal See.

Gi r ird being dead , they elected one Rai-
niond for their Rector or great Matter , to
torn authority was given that he fhould
."ern and command all Knights of this Or-
wherefoeverdifperfed. This Gerard, af-
1 r he had digefted and enlarged their Laws
y Institutions , divided that whole Body in-
to three ClaiTes; to wit,Knights, Ecclefiafticks,
and Servants : And fince which time the suc-
ceeding Great Mailers have much added to
their Priviledges and Dignities ; and his Title
is now The lUuftrious Trince of Malta and
Ooza.

Saladme having made himfelf Mafter of
Jerusalem , thefe Knights retired to the City
of Acres, which being alfo taken , they feiz-
ed upon the Illeof Rhodes, where they con-
tinued as Mailers, until forced thence by So-
lyman the Great in Anno 1522. After which
they betook themfelves to the Ille of Malta,
which with Tripoli and Goza were granted to
I them by the Emperour Charles the tifth, An-
no 1 j 30. and the fame year was confirmed to
' them by Pope Clement the Seventh : and in this
Ille they yet continue, and arc as a Bulwark to
that part of Chriftendom.

Knights Templars

A Bout the year 11 18. Hugo de Taganes,
Godfrey de St.Omer, with feven other
Gentleme"n,out of Devotion went into theHoly
Land, where they determined to erect , and
enter into a Brotherhood; and being come to
Jerufalem, they consulted what they ihould da
(though to the hazard of their Lives ) that
fhould be a fervice acceptable to God , and
praifeworthy of men : And being informed
that in the Town of Zaffo there refided ma-
ny Thieves that ufed to rob the Pilgrims that
reforted to the Holy Sepulchre, they refolved
to make the paflage more free by deftroying
or difperfing thefe Robbers. And for the en-
couragement of thefe Gentlemen in fo good
an undertaking, the King afligned them
: lodgings in his Palace adjoyning to Solomon's
Temple, from which place they were called
Knights Templars.

And the King and Patriarch finding their
Actions very fuccefsful, funiilhed them with
many neceffary Provifions : And although
their charitable Service made them acceptable
unto all, yet for the firft Nine years they were
info great a ftrait, that they were forced to
take the Charity of well difpofed people; how-
ever there reforted unto them many Chrifti-
ans, fo that their number was much encreaf-
ed. And there being all this while no Habit
or Order afligned them, Pope Hotiorins , at
the requeft ot Stephen Patriarch of 'Jerufalem,
prefcribed unto them an Order of Life, where-
by they were to wear a white Garment ; and
Pope Eugeuim added thereto a red Crofs ; and
in the prefence of the faid Patriarch rhey made
their Vows of Obedience, Poverty , and Cha-
ftity, and to live under the Rule of Rtgular
Canons of St. Auguftine. Being thus cntred
into an Order, they elected an Head or Great
Mafter; and in procefs of time, through the
daily encreafe of their number, and their fa-
mous enterprizes , not only for fecuring the
paffages, but alfo for waging War both by Sea
and Land againft the Infidels, they became
highly favoured cf the Chriftian Princes, who

afligned

Chap.XXI V. Orders of Knighthood in Afia.

affigned to them great Revenues to be fperit
in God's Service ; and in procefs of time they
became exceeding wealthy and powerful , fo
that they grew proud, and withdrew them-
felves from the Obedience of the Patriarch of
Jerufalem, and joyned with the Pope, But
in the end they found not the favour from the
Pope as they expected ; for by him,or through
his confent , upon fome infamous crimes charg-
ed againft them, their Lands and Poifeffions
were feized upon, and otherways difpofed of,
their Order fuppreffed , and they themfelves
imprifoned, condemned, and cruelly execu-
ted ;. but according to the Opinion of many
Authors, they were uniuftly accufed by fubor-
nation of WitneiTes, meerly to gain their
Revenues , which according to Dr. Heylin,
were exceeding great, having no lefs than
Sixteen thoufand Lordihips in Europe.

Knights of St. Lazarus.

THis Order at the firft Institution was
only a Brotherhood of Religious Monks,
and became an Order of Knighthood in or a-
bout the time of St. Bafil, being firft inftitu-
ted upon a mod charitable account, to wit, to
take care of perfons infeited with the Lepro-
fie (which was a Difeafe very frequent in the
Eaftern parts) by reafon of which they were
feparated from the Society of men ; and had
ailigned to them a famous Hofpital in Jerufa-
lem, called St. Lazarus, for the reception of
Lepers.

And through the incurfion of the Sarazens
and Barbarians in thefe parts, this Order was
(as it were) extinguiihed ; but when the La-
tin Princes joyned together in a Holy League
to expel them the Holy Land, thefe Religious
Men entred into a Martial Difcipline, and per-
formed great Service , infomuch that they
gained great fame and efteem of Baldwin the
iecond King of Jerufalem, in whofe time this
Order much flourished under the Government
of a Great Matter : And about the year 1 1 jo.
they made their Vows of Obedience,Poverty,
and Chastity bdaxdVilliam Patriarch of jeru-
falem, and fubmitted themfelves to the Order
of St. Benedict: They alfo constituted feveral
Orders to be obferved amongft them ; viz.
to wear a green Crofs ; and that all before
they entred into this Knighthood,fhould prove
themfelves born in Wedlock of Chriftian Pa-
rents , and to be a Gentleman by the Fathers
and Mothers fide ; alfo to be of an unblamea-
ble life and convcrfation , and to perform dai-
ly certain Religious Ceremonies.

Knights of St. Baft.

THefe Knights were founded under the
Pvule of St. Bafil , and were alfo called
Knights of St. Mary. Their Garment was
skie colour , with a gold Crofs, which they
wore before their breaft , having in the midft
thereof the picture of St. Bafil, their Patron ,
and were Officers and Servants to the Kings of
Armenia.

Knights of ft. Katharine at Mount
Sinai.

TH E reafon of the Institution of thefe
Knights (which was about the year of
Chrift 1 06 5 .)was to guard and defend the Se-
pulchre of St. Katharine their Patron (whofe
Body is faid to be buried in Mount Smai, near
to which place a Monaftery was erected and
dedicated to her Name ) to fecure the paiiage
for Travellers who came thither for Devotion
fake, and to entertain them during their a-
bode.

They lived under the Rule of St. Bafil the
Great , vowed Obedience to the Abbot of this
Monaftery, and wore a white Garment. But
when theTurks became Matters of thefe parts,
this Order of Knighthood fufFered very much;
notwithftanding, fome Remains of the Order
doth yet continue.

Knights of the Martyrs in Pale-
ftine.

THefe Knights followed the Rule of St
Bajil, and wore on their Garments a
red Crofs , in the midft whereof ( within a
Circle) was the Figures of Commas and T)amia-
mis, their Saints and Patrons , who were mar-
tyred.

Their Hofpital or place of abode bore the
name of their Saints; where they exercifed all
Acts of Charity to fick Strangers and people
in neceffity ; to redeem Captives taken by the
Sarazens , and to bury the Dead.

Q.1 O R-

ORDERS

O F

KNIGHTHOOD

I N

SPAIN.

Knights of the Oa\ in Navarr.

-r— % HE Inhabitants of the Kingdom
1 of Navarr being almoft over-
1 run by the Moors, notwithftand-
ins their great Army raifed to
<* oppofe them, for that they
wanted an experienced General to command
them ; at length one <D*» Garcia Xtmenes
( who had betook himfclf to a religious and
WtaryLife) was perfwaded to take upon
him that Command,which was about the year
of Chrift7ai. And as he was marching out of
the City to fight the Moors, there appeared
tohin/from the top of an Oaken Tree the
fisnof theCrofs, which was adored by an in-
numerable quantity of Angels^ In this Bat-
tel he gained fo fignal a Victory, that the
people elected him their Ring; and fljortlv
after he inftituted this Order of Knighthood,
invefting therewith the Nobles , and perfons
of Renown in his Kingdom, whom he obliged
to defend the Chrittian Faith, and to own Obe-
dience to him and his Succetfors, Kings of Na-
varr. The Habit that he ailigned them was a
white Garment, having thereon a plain red
Crofs fet on the top of an Oaken Tree m its
Verdure.

Knights of the hilly in Na-
varr.

GRacius King of Navarr, the fixth of that
Name, lying in a languilliing and fick
Condition, fent to St. Saviour de Lyra, and
other places of Devotion,to the end that pray-
ers might be made for his Recovery : In which
time in the City of Naiera (where he kept
ufually his Court) there was found the Image
of our Virgin Mary iilmng out of a Lilly,
holding her Son betwixt her Arms , and fud-
denly after (if you will believe the Story )
the King not only recovered his health.but di-
vers other Miracles were done on difeafed
people in that place; and in honour whereof
the King Cm Anno 1048.) erected this Order
which confuted of Eight and thirty, of which
himfelf was Sovereign , as were his Succeffors
to be after him. The Badge which thefe
Knights daily wore on their Breads was a Lil-
ly embroidered in Silver ; and on Feftival days
they wore a double Chain of Gold interlaced
1 with

Chap.XXI V. Orders of Knighthood in Spain.

with Letters M. after the manner of a Gothijlj
Letter, with an enamelled Lilly in an Oval
Medal hanging at it ; and their Habit was
white.

Knights of the Band.

T -1 H I S Order was firft eredted by Alphonfo
*■ King of Spain, in Anno i 368. and for
this reafon ; The Kingconfidering that he had
many-Enemies to deal with., for his better fe-
curity, thought it convenient to im.itute an
Order of Knights, making himfelf Mafter
thereof, , which he did a little before his Coro-
nation in the City of Burgos in great Solem-
, nity ; the whole Night being fpenn in the Mo-
naftery of St. Mary Royal in watching and
prayer, and the day following, after Mafs,they
were inverted with a red Ribon of about three
Inches broad, which went crofs their left
Shoulders like our Knights of the Bath, being
the Badge from whence thefe Knights took
their Name. Their Articles are at large fet
down by Sir William Segar , which being too
many to repeat, are here omitted.

Knights of the Dove zwCaftile.

*T* HIS Order, according to Favin, was firft
inftituted by John the firft, King of Ca-
jfile, about the year 1 579. in the City of JV-
govia. The Collar of this Order was com-
pofed of peeces which reprefented the figure
of the Sun in his Glory, to which hung a gol-
den Dove enamelled white, and encircled with
rayes : But the King dying the fame year , and
before it was well received, it became of no
great efteem.

Ordo de la Scama in Caftile.

TO H N the fecond, King of Caftile, for the
ftirring up his Nobles to ailift him in his
Wars againft the Moors, in Anno 142.0. did e-
redbthis order, which took fo good effect,
that in a (hort time the Moors were fubdued.
Their Enfign, according to Jof. Micheli, was
a Crofs compofed of Scales of Filhes , from
which it feemeth to have took its Name ; for
Sc ama la the SpahiB fignifies the Scale of a
Fifli. Thefe Knights were obliged to fight
againft the Moors , to accompany the King
in the Wars, and to die in the defence of the
Chriftian Religion. Their Rules and Statutes

1*5

for their Government were ordained by the
faid King , upon whofe death this Order loft
much of its iplendor.

Knights of the Lilly in Aragon.

r Y l HIS Order was erected by Ferdinand
King of Aragon, in Anno 1403. and de-
dicated to the honour of the blcfled Virgin, in
token of a fignal Victory which this King ob-
tained againft the Moors. The Collar was
compofed of Bough-pots fill'd with white Lil-
lies, interlaced with Griffons.

Knights of Mount-joy.

T" HIS Order was firft inftituted in the
* Holy Land, for the fecuring thefe parts
againft the Moors and Sarazens , and lay in
Garifon in aCaftle built on the point of a Moun-
tain near Jerusalem : And after the lofs of the
Holy Land, thefe Knights retired into Spain ,
and performed good Service againft the Moors;
but in procefs of time this Order fell to decay,
and were incorporated into the Order of Cala-
trava. Their Habit was a red fliort Mantle ;
and on their Breads they wore a white Star
with five Rayes. They obferved the Rule of
St. Benedict ■ which afterwards was changed
to that of St. Augujtme , and vowed Poverty,
Chaftity, and Obedience.

Knights of Aeon , or Acres.

TN the City of Aeon thefe Knights refided,
where they ufed all Duties of Charity to
Pilgrims that went to the Holy Land. They
affumed the exercife of Arms in imitation of
the Knights Hofpitallers : They followed the
Rule of St. Auguftine, and wore a black Gar-
ment, whereon was a white Crofs Pattee ; but
Jof. Micheli Marquez faith it was a red Crofs;
and in the midft thereof flood the figures of
St. John and St. Thomas.

After the City of Aeon was taken, they re-
moved into Spain, where they flourifhed, re-
ceiving great favour from Alphonjus the Aftro-
loger,K. of Caftile; but after his death by little
and little they decayed , and in the end were
united to the Knights Hofpitallers.

Knights

121

Orders of Knighthood in Spain.

Part II.

Knights of St. James in Galicia.

THIS Order of Knighthood ( called by
the Spaniards Cavalteri di Jan Jago ) is
of great elteem amongtt them ; and was firlt
erected upon this occaiion : When the Arah-
^hadalmoftfubdued the Country, the re-
mainder of the Spanilh people refuting to live
under the Obedience of fo barbarous a Nation,
retired unto the Mountains of Ajhiria, where
they fettled a Government; and after their
abode there fome few years certain Nobles or
Gentlemen of great quality (to the number oi
Thirteen) upon a ferious confultation to re-
gain their Country, refolved to enter into a
Fraternity, and to begin a War againft the
Moors and Barbarians. The Enfign which
they wore was a red Crofs in form ot a Sword,
with an Efcallop Shell on it , in imitation ot |
the Badge of the Pilgrims that go to JerttJ, i- j
lem to the Sepulchre of St. James the Apo- |
ftle. They elected one chief Governour who :
was called Great Matter, who with the Thir- I
teen other Knights had power to choofe or re-
move any Knight at their difcretion ; and to
make Statutes and Orders for the well Go-
vernment of the faid Society at their Day of
Meeting ( which is Annually ) on the Feaft
day of- All-Saints in great State, having large
Revenues to fupport their Grandure ; this Or-
der being etteemed the chiefeft in Spam.

Knights of St. Saviour in Ara-
gon.

DO N Alphonfo , for his better enabling
to force the Moors out of Aragon
( about the year of our Lord 1 1 1 S.) did ered
this Order , electing a certain number, which
he chofe out of thofe Spamjh and French No-
bles, that affiftcd him in his Wars againft the
Moors ; which Honour engaged them to pur-
fue the War againft them the more vigoroufly.
The Moors being fubdued , King Alphonfo e-
ftablifned thefe Knights in the place of the
Knights Templars in Montreal, and had a
rule of living fomewhat conformable unto
them ( fave only to marry ) and were obli-
ged to fupport and defend the Holy Church,
and Chriftian Faith againft the Moors. Their
Habit was a white Mantle, and on their Breaft
they wore a red Crofs. But when the Moors
were expelled (being the chief end for which
they were inftituted ) thefe Knights were laid
afide, or at leaftwife not regarded , and their
Revenues joyned to the Crown.

Knights of St. Julian de Pereyro,
or of Alcantara.

THefe Knights take their name from the
place of their Inftitution , viz. the City
of Alcantara in Cafliglia (feated on the Tago)
where they had a ftately Church , and were
richly endowed : They had manyPriviledges
and Orders obferved amongft them ; their Ha-
bit was a black Garment, having on the Breaft
a green Crofs ; and the ir firft great Matter was
lerdniando the Second , King of Leon and
Galicia, about the year of our Lord 1 176.

Knights of Calatrava in Caftile.

THIS ancient Order was firft inftituted by
Don Sanchio the third , King of Toledo ,
about the year of Chrift 115:8. and took its
Name from the Caftle Calatrava, which is a
Frontire both of Toledo and Caftile ; which
place the Moors took upon their Vidory they
obtained againft Don Rodrigro King of Spain,
in Anno 714. but after above Four hundred
years continuance they were forced thence,
and the place given to the Knights Templars
by Don Alphonfo Emperor of Spain , to be
maintained as. a Garifon againft the Incurfion
of the Moors ; but they not being able to
maintain and defend it, withdrew their Gari-
fon ; upon which , left the Moors fliould be-
come Matters of it again, the King by his
Charter gave the faid Caftle and Village to one
Don Raymund , formerly a Knight of great
Fame, and then Abbot of St. Mary de htero,
who fortified it , and began the faid Order of
Knighthood, which flourifhed very much, and
became exceeding powerful, fo that the Moors
durft not make any further Attempt. The Ha-
bit that they wore was a black Garment, with
a red Crofs on their Breaft,and had many great
Privil edges, and as great Poffeflions in divers
places of Spain.

Knights o/Truxillo, or Trugillo.

THIS Order took its appellation from the
City of Trugillo , feated in EHremadura
in Spain ; but as for the time of its Inftitution
Writers are filent in ; but certain it is , they
were in being in the year of our Lord 1 Z27.
for one Don Arias Terez Dallego, then Ma-
tter of the Order, took this City from the
Moors , and there fettled a Brotherhood of
Knights and Priefts , who lived after the man-
ner of a Convent, but what was their Badge
or Habit, and what Orders were obferved a-
mongft them, is alfo not certainly known.

Knights

Chap.XXIV. Orders of Knighthood in Spain.

127

Knights of our Lady, and of St.
George of Montefa in Valen-
cia

Hefe Knights took their rife from the dif-
folution of the Knights Templars in Va-
lencia, and were inftituted by James the Se-
cond, King of Aragon and Valencia, in Anno
1317. for the better defence of his Kingdoms
againft the Inroads of the Moors ; but were
fubjecb to thofe of Calatrava before fpoken of.
The place ailigncd them for their abode was at
Montefa, where they had a Colledge built and
dedicated to St. George by the Pope at the in-
ftance oftheKing.The Statutes of theOrder are
the fame as thole of Calatrava ; they vowed
Conjugal Chaftity ; their Habit was white ,
with a plain red Crofs ; and their firft Mailer
was Guilielnms de Eril, a valiant Souldier.

Knights of St. Mary de Merced
in Aragon.

TAMES the Firft, King of Aragon, al-
though for his Conquefls againft the Moors
1 was Surnamed the Invincible ; yet had he the
I ill fate to be a Prifoner to Simon Earl of Mont-
\fort in France, where he fuffered many trou-
bles, and indured great hnrdlhip , which made
him throughly fenfible of the Miferies the
[ Chriftians indured under the tyranny of the
[Moors. Whereupon he made a Vow to the
bleffed Virgin Mary, that when he was freed
from his Captivity , he would endeavour the
[ Redemption of the Captive Chriftians : And
I being fet at liberty, he heaped up great Sums
I to be imployed accordingly ; and by the ad-
I vice of Raymond de Tenafort his Confeffor, a
[ Dominican Frier, and T 'edro Nolafco a Noble
[ Cavalier, he founded an Order of Knights in
I Barcelona, called la Neuva Merced , fo na-
■: med by the bleffed Virgin, who in a Vifion ap-
I peared at one and the fame time in one Night
t to the King, to Raymond, and Nolafco, giving
this Order its Name, and directing them in

the whole Inllitution , becaufe of the great
good which the Chriftian Captives Ihould re-
ceive by this means.

This Order was founded in Anno 12 18. and
their Feaft day for the celebrating the fame j
was Annually on St. Laurence the Martyr in
Angnft. Their Habit was a Coat and Scapu-
lar of Ordinary white Cloth , and garnilhed
with Ribons and Cordons, wherewith they
faftned it about tiieir Necks ; and from the up-
per part thereof was a Cap that covered half
their Head , but the Monks wore their Coats
and Scapulars much longer than the Knights.
Thefe Knights profeffed Conjugal Chaftity,
and Obedience to their Superiors. The firft
General or Mafter was Tedro Nolajco , who
was fent into the Kingdom of Valencia to re-
deem Captives; which Journey proved fo fuc-
cefsful, that in the fpace of fix years he ran-
fomed no lefs than Four hundred ; nor ccafe
they to fend abroad their Agents to Algier ,
Fefi, and other places for Redemption of Chri-
ftian Captives. And being an Order thus
Charitable, great fums of Money are Annu-
ally colledred and put into their Hands for that
ufe ; and few die (of any account) in Spain ,
but bequeath a Legacy to this Order, infomuch
that they have great Revenues.

Knights of the Rofary in
do.

Tole-

T" 1 H E Country of Toledo being grievoufly
1 oppreffed by the Moors, Roderick Arch-
bilhop thereof, affembled together the Nobles
and Chiefs of the City , and told them of the
great necefTity to give their ailiftance for the
defence of the Country , and the extirpation
of the Moors, which they readily imbraced ,
and many ot the Nobles entred into this Or-
der ; which was inftituted for the defence of
the Catholick Religion , to fight againft the
Moors , and to fay continually a Rofary of the
bleffed Lady. Th ey w r ere of the Dominican
Order, and their Enfign was the figure of our'
Lady of the Rofary upon a Crofs flory, quar-
terly Argent and Sable.

O R-

ORDE

O F

KNIGHTHOOD

1 N

FLANDERS.

Knights of the Golden Fleece, called Toizon d'Or.

T^HIS Order of Knighthood was
inftituted by Vhlip Duke ot
Burgundy, Earl of Flanders,
in Anno 1429. being moved
thereto with devout Zeal to un-
dertake the Conqueft of the Holy Land : The
Patron of this Order was St - Andrew : The
Sovereign, he to whom the Dukedom oiBur-
gundy doth lawfully defend.- The number of
thcle Knights atthefirft Ele&on were Four
and twenty befides the Sovereign ; all of No-
ble Blood ; which were afterwards much in-
creafed by the Emperor Charles the Filth.

Their Habit a Caffock of cnmfon Velvet
and over it a Mantle of the fame lined with
white, which openeth on the right fide, and
is turned upon the left over the Shoulder, em-
broidered round about with a Bordure of
Flames, Fufils, and Fleeces ; and a Hood of
crimfon Velvet on their Heads. The Collar
is of Gold wrought of Flames and tullls ,
with the Toizon or Figure of a Golden Heece
which Jafon won at Colchos, or as lome iup-
pofe, Gideon's Fleece, which figmfies Fidelity

or Juftice uncorrupted. And this Collar or
Toizon they are obliged upon a Penalty al-
ways to wear , not to make any alterati-
ons ; and to fell or exchange it is deemed moll
unlawful.

The Sovereign hath in himfelf authority
absolutely to give and bellow this Honour ,
when and to whom he pleafeth : And whofo-
ever entreth into the faid Dignity , muft firft
renounce all other Orders of Knighthood ;
neverthelefs all Emperors, Kings, and Dukes
are excepted, unto whom it is difpenced that
they may wear the Enfigns of this Order,
if they be the chief of their own Order.
Thefe, with other Statutes and Ordinances ,
the Knights are fworn to obferve and keep.
The day of their Affembly was firft on St.
Andrews day , which fince was changed to
the Second of May , and that but once in
three years , unlefs the Sovereign otherwife
pleafeth.

To this Order doth belong four principal
Officers; viz. a Chancellor, a Treasurer, a
Regifter.and aKing atArms,called7u/«o« d'Or.

O R-

Chap.XXIV.

ORDERS

O F

KNIGHTHOOD

I N

PORTUGAL

Knights (i'Avis.

IN the Year of our Lord Don Al-

phonfo Benricjuez, firft King of Tortu-
gal, gained from the Moors the City of
Evora ; and for the fortifying and fe-
curing of this Garifon, he fent thither
fevcral brave Commanders , who took upon
them the Title of Knights of St. Mary of E-
vora , who not long after were called Knights
d 1 Avis from a Caftle of that Name , feated on
the Frontiers of Tortugal, which the King

fave to Ferdinando de Tames , Mailer of
horn , to which Caftle he and his Brethren
removed from Evora. The Badge of this
Order is a green Crofs flory , like thofe of
Calatrava. They took upon them the Rule
of St. Benedict ; and none were to be admit-
ted into this Order , but fuch as were Gen-
tlemen by the Fathers and Mothers fide two
Defcents.

Knights of the Wing of St. Mi-
chael.

DO N Alphonfo Henriquez, King of Tor-
tngal, being forely opprelled by Albara
the Moor, King of Savil , for the freeing his
Country , raifed an Army ; and before he gave
them Battel , commanded all his Souldiers
to pray to their particular Saints for happy
Deliverance ; and the King offered up his
Prayers to St. Michael, the Arch-angel, being
the Saint he was much devoted unto. When
the Armies were engaged , St. Michael (as
the Story goes ) appeared on the King's right
fide, and fought againft the Moors, who were
routed, and loft the day. And in Commemo-
ration of this great Victory, at his return
home ( which was in the Year of our Lord
1 171. or thereabouts ) heinftituted this Or-
der of Knighthood, who for their Badge had
a red Sword crofs'd with Flowers de lis , and
this Motto , Quis 11: Deus. Thefe Knights
( before their growing out of ufe) were of the
R Ciftertian

I^O

Gftertmn Order, followed the Rule of St
Be Uti; and by their Obligation were to
ftcure the Borders of the Countries agamft
he Incurfions of the Moors to defend the
Mian Religion, and to fuccour the Wi-
dows and Fatherlefs.

Orders of Kni^tbood in Portugal.

Part II.

Knights of St. James.

' HE Portugal: being ftill oppreffed by the
- Moors, the King<Do« Deny; the Sixth ,
out of his great affeftion to relieve his people ,
did in the year of our Lord m«x mfUtute this
Order and by the Affiftance of thefe Knights
( which were victorious in divers Battels) at
length he quitted his Kingdom of them ;
for which fignal Service they had many pn-
viledges conferred upon them by the King,
which caufed them much to flourifh. They
profefs Conjugal Chaftity, Hofpitality , and
Obedience : Their Enfign is a red Sword ,
like that of St. James in Gahcia-. Their Ha-
bit is white ; and none are to be admitted
until they have proved their Gentility by
Blood.

Knights of Cbrifi.

TH E Knights Templars being diffolved ,
and their Eftates confifcated , Don De-
ny s King of "Portugal, fent to Pope John
the Two and twentieth , to defire that an
Order of Knights might be inftituted in Ca-
ftro Marin, which was a Frontier Town of
the Enemy , and very commodious for the
building a Fort for the refitting the Neigh-
bouring Moors which did much annov his
Kingdom ; which requeft feemed fo read-
able, that the Pope {in Anno i?iq.) infti-
tuted this Order, commanding that they
mould obferve the Ctjlertian Order, and en-
joy the fame Priviledges and Indulgences
formerly granted to their Great Mai er and
Knights; that they ftiould take the Oath of
Fidelity ; that all the poifefTions in the King-
dom of Portugal formerly belonging to the
Knights Templars ftiould belong to thefe
Knights, who were obliged to make War
againft the Neighbouring Moors. Their Ha-
bit was black , with a Crofs Pattee , Gules ,
charged with another of Argent, which they
wore on their Breafts.

ORDERS

Chap.XXIV.

ORDERS

O F

KNIGHTHOOD

FRANCE.

Knights of Jefus Chrijl.

TH I S Order of Knighthood was
inftituted in Anno 1206. by St.
Hominkk, chiefly to fight a-
gainft the Jlbigenfes or Here-
ticks, and prefcribed to them a
white Habit, with a Crofs flory, quarterly Sa-
ble and Argent , to be worn upon their Breads;
and that they lTiould electa Mafter; and this
Order was approved of by Pope Innocent the
Third in Anno 121 y. They profelTed Obedi-
ence and Conjugal Chaftity. When their bu-
finefs was ended for which they were inftitu-
ted, they laid away their Arms , and wholly
devoted themfelves to a Religious Life , and
admitted into their Society Widows and Vir-
gins.

Knights of the Vajfion of Jefus
Chrift.

TT HIS Order was inftituted by Charles
■*■ King of France, and Richard the Second,
King of England, for tile Re-conqueft of the

Holy Land, the overthrow of the Enemies of
Chrift, and the advancement of the Catholick
Faith amongft: the Eaftern people.

In the chief Convent of the Holy Chivalry
( which was to be beautified with (lately Stru-
ctures, as Palaces.a Caftle,a Church; and to be
richly endowed, and in common amongft
them , that they might the better follow the
Exercife of their Arms, and other Duties)
all things of publick Concernment were to be
heard and debated in the prefence of the King
by five fufficient Counfelj. The two principal
Officers of the Chivalry were , firft the Grand
Jufticiary , who had the difpofal of all chief
Offices and Places, and to whom belonged the
Judgment of all criminal Affairs , and next the
Grand Bailiff, who was to adminifter both Ci-
vil and Criminal Juftice ; befides feveral other
Officers of a lower degree , as the Poteftate,
the Senator of the General Chapter , the Ten
Executors of Juftice, and the Charitable Com-
millaries, 8cc. And for their better living ac-
cording to the Rules of Order, they were to
vow Obedience, Poverty, and Conjugal Cha-
ftity.

The Habits which thefe Knights were ap-
pointed to wear , was a civil coloured Cloth
Coat , which lliould reach down half way their
R 2 ' legs,

132

lees, which wa^be girt about them with a
oldie of Silk or Leather about two fingers
broad a red Cap, and over the faid Coat a
Mamie of white Cloth or Stuff, With a red
Croft of Cloth or Serge about two fingers
S3, which was on theBreatf from the top
to the bottom, and fo round the Wahi.

The number of thefe Knights were to be
abou7onethoufand ; and each
have his Efquire armed at all points,with three
Varlets ; one to carry his Helmet and Launce ,
ano her to carry his Mail , and the third to
SffislpJ; -dm t,me of Peace two
or three Horfes and Servants according as the
Ability of the Chivalry would allow But al-
though this Order was erected upon fogooda
Defign, vet no great progrefs was made there-
in , for it died almoft in its birth.

Orders of Knighthood in France.

Part ii.

Knights of the bleffed Virgin Ma-
ry of Mount Carmel.

King Henry the Fourth being defirous to
have a new Order of Knighthood, made
his application to Pope Tnl -the Filth who
in Aimo i6o8. confirmed this Order, anc pre-
formed divers things ( according to the defire
of the King) neceilarytothe lnftitution; and
further ordained Penfions to the Great Mailer
and Knights, out of certain Ecclefiaftical Be-
nehces in fevcral places in France. Upon this
theCommandaries and Hofpitals of iX.Laza-
m\H France were difpofed of for the main-
tenance of thefe new erected Knights ; and
thofe Knights of St. Lazarus that remained
in the faid Kingdom were joyned unto thele

Thefe Knights by their Inftitution are to be
choice Gentlemen of France, whole Duty is
to attend the King's perlon upon any Expedi-
tion of War ; they alfo are to fight agamlt the
Enemies of the Roman Church ; and they vow
Obedience and Chaftity. .

This Order confifts of One hundred: Their
Feaft is celebrated Annually on the Sixteenth
of July. The Badge of their Order is a Crols
of eight points , of a tawny or violet colour,
with a white Bordure , fewedon the left fide
of their Cloaks, and the figure of the Virgin
Mary of Mount Carmel placed m the rmdlt
within a Rundle, encircled with Rayes of
Gold, all wrought in curious imbroidery. They
alfo wear about their Necks, m a tawny Ri-
bon, the like Crofs of Gold enamelled.

Knights of St. Michael.

THIS Order was erected by Lmu the
Eleventh in Anno 1469. whereinto him-
felf, with others the moll principal Peers of
his Kingdom of France did enter. And the
Reafon that did occafion the King to ereel tliis
Order, was in memory of an Apparition of
St. Michael upon the Bridge of Orleance,\vhea
that City was befieged by the Englijh ; at
which time ( as Hiliories relate ) lived a cer-
tain Maiden called Jdm, of fo rare a Wit and
Valour in Arms , that lhe was reputed more
than a mortal Creature, leading an Army her
felf in the Field againllthe Englijh j for which
good Service, when the Englijh had vanquilh-
ed her Army , and took her Prifoner , they in
Revenge caufedher to be burnt for a Witch in
the Market-place of Orleance, in which place
is fince ereited a Conduit to her Memory.

This Order is ornified with a great Collar,
whereto hangeth the figure of St. Michael.
The Sovereign of this Order is the French
King and his Succeifors. The number of thefe
Knights at firft were Six and thirty , which of
late years is much encreafed, which doth much
echpfe its luftre. The place of their general
Ailembly was at the Church on Mount St. Mi-
chael., every Michaelnttls day. To this Or-
der belongeth a Treafurer, Chancellor, Regi-
fter, and a Herald, named Monfanmichaele.
Their Habit,as now ufed,is as followeth ; firft,
Doublet, Hofe, Shoes, Scabard, with the band
of his Cap and Feather all white , his Surcoat
Cloth of Silver,with the Sleeves on ; over that
a Mantle alfo of Cloth of Silver, tied over the
right Shoulder, and turned up over the left ,
and bordered about with a rich embroidery of
Cockles and Knots ; and over all the Collar of
St. Michael.

Knights of St. Efprit, or of the
Holy Ghofl. ;

TH I S Order was inftituted by Henry the
Third ot France in Anno 1 57S. in honour
oiWhitfunday, on which day, at an Ailembly
of Eftates General of Poland, together with
thofe for the Dutchy of Lithuania, he was
elected King of Toland; and afterwards upon
the fame Day and Feaft he was called and ac-
cepted of for their King. _

The number of perfons contained in this
Order is faid to be One hundred, hefides the
Sovereign, which is always to be the King : In
which faid number are comprehended lourCar-
dinals, fivePrelats, the Chancellor, Provolt,
Mailer of the Ceremonies,great Trealurer,and
Scribe, who are called Commanders. .

1 heir

Chap XXIV. Orders of Knighthood in France. 133

Their Grand Feaft is Annually celebrated
the firlt of January in the Church of the Au-
gulhnc Friers in 'Paris ; but if the King cannot
be there prefent, then it is to be celebrated
where he lhall perlbnally be, and in the great-
eft Church, there being divers Ceremonies to
be obferved by them in the celebration there-
of, which are fet down by Sir William Sevar,

Their Robe is like that of St. Michael,cm\y
of black Velvet embroidered all about with
Gold and Silver of Flower delis, and knots of
Gold, between fundry Ciphers of Silver and
flames of Gold feamecl ; alfo garnifhed with a
Mantle of green Cloth of Silver,wrought over
with the fame manner of Embroidery , and
both lined with Orange-coloured Satan : Their
Hofe and Doublet is white ; their Bonets black,
with white Plumes : Their great Mantle they
wear turned up over the left Shoulder , and o-
pen on the right : And over all the Collar
wrought of the fame embroidery- Work , on
which hangeth a Crofs with the figure of a
Dove in the center thereof

Note, that thefe five Orders, wis. that of
the Garter in England, that of the Toizon
in Randers , that of St. Michael in France,
that of the Annunciation in Savoy Q yet to
treat of)and this of St.Effrit,s.re reputed molt
honourable ; and in token of their excelling
all other Degrees of Knighthood, are adorned
with great Collars.

Knights of the Order of the Genet.

TH I S Order (by Faviti) is efteemed the
firftin France, which was inftituted a-
bout the year of our Lord 726. by Charles
Martel high Steward of France , in memory
of that famous Battel fought near Tours, where
about Three hundred eight) five thoufand Sa-
razens and Moors , together with their Ge-
neral Abdiramo , were flain ; and the faid
Charles to reward thofe that valiantly beha-
ved themfelves in the faid Battel, erecl:ed this
Order of Knighthood , which confided of Six-
teen , to whom he gave Collars of Gold made
of a Triple Chain, enterwoven with enamel-
ed red Rofes , at the end whereof hung a
Genet of Gold enameled black and red upon a
bank of Flowers fairly enameled. Aubertus
Mertcus faith thefeKnights have other Enfigns
belonging unto them; as a Ring after the man-
ner of the Romans, and certain Habits for the
Body.

The reafon why this Order was fo called ,
was from a great many neat fhaped Horfes cal-
led Genets, of which a great part of the Foun-
ders Chivalry was faid to conlift : But others
fay it took its name from the great ftore of Ge-
net Furs taken amongft the Spoils of the Vi-
ctory. But this Order is now Extin;t.

Knights of the Crown Royal a-
mongf the Frizons.

TH I S Order was erected by Charles the
Great, Son of King Pepn,'m Anno 802.
for the rewardingand honouring thofe amongft
the Frizons that had valiantly behaved them-
felves in his Army againft the ancient Saxons
or Lombards, and to encourage others to acts
of Heroick Vertue.

This Order took its name from its Enfigu ,
viz. an Imperial Crown, which thefe Knights
ufed to wear upon their Breafts. They were
invefted with a Military Belt and a Box on the
Ear.

Knights of our Lady of the Star.

TH I S Order was inftituted by King Ro-
bert in Anno 1022. in honour to the
Virgin Mary, but was of no long continuance,
being difcontinued by King Charles the Se-
venth, for that it was grown fo common by
the admitting into the Order perfons of no
merit. Their Habit was Mantles of white Da-
mask, lined with light carnation Damask, with
Surcoats of the fame ; and on the left fide of
the Breaft of the faid Garments was embroi-
dered a Star of Gold; and on their Collar, which
was much like that of the Order of the Genet,
did hang the figure of a Star. The Ceremony
of this Order was on the Nativity of the blef-
fed Virgin, who was their Patronefs ; and the
place where it was kept, was at the Houfe of
St. Owen, near St. Denis, in the faid Kingdom
i of France.

Knights of the Thiftle of Bour-
bon.

THIS Order was inftituted on New-
years-day 1570. by Lewis the Second,
! Duke ol Bourbon , for the corroborating his
power and intereft for the Aid of Charles Duke
of Orleans, mi of his two Brothers Philip and
John, againft the Fadion of the Houfe of Bur-
gundy. The fet number of thefe Knights were
Six and twenty, of which himfelf and his Suc-
cellors, Dukes of Bourbon, were chief

Their Habit was a Mantle of Skie-coloured
Damask , lined with red Satin, with broad
Weltsof Gold embroidered onthe Collar. The
Bonnet was of green Velvet, with a Taffel of
Gold and crimfon Silk hanging on the Band :

Their

»34

' Tteir^reat Collar was of Gold , wrought and
enameled with green ; at the bottom where-
of, man Oval, hung the figure or their Pa-
tronefs the bleilcd Virgin j as alio the head o
a Thiftle enameled green and white. Ana
thefe Knights were obliged daily to wear a
Girdle or Belt of watchet Velvet embroidered
with Gold, in the midft of which was wrought
the word Ej'ferance.

Orders of Knighthood in France,

Part II

Knights of the Porcupine.

TH I S Order was inftituted by Mon/ieur
Lewis of France, Duke of Orleans , in
Anno i for the further honouring the
Baptifmof hiseldeft Son Charles, which he
had by Valentma, Daughter to John Galeas
Duke of Millan : and he made choice of this
Device of the Tortupne,w\xh the words Comi-
nus fj Eminus for his Epigraph ; which inti-
mated as well fomething of Revengc,\vhich he
bore to his inveterate Enemy John, Duke of
Burgundy , as the great hopes he had of this
Chi@. Of this Order were Four and twenty
befides the Founder: Their Habits were Sur-
coats of violet Velvet, over which were Man-
tles of watchet Velvet lined with carnation
Satin ; and their Collar was formed of Gold
chains, whereto hung the figure of a 'Porcu-
pine of Gold upon a hillock of Grafs and Flow-
ers enamelled.

Knights of the Croiffant of An-
jou.

RE NE Duke of Anjou, King of Jerusa-
lem and Sicily , inftituted this Order in

the City of Anjou in Anno 1464. in honour oi
God , the fupport of the Church , and exalta-
tion of Knighthood : Their Patron was St.
Maurice, himfelf and his Succeifors were
Chiefs. Their Enfign,which they wore on the
right fide of their Mantle, which wascrimfon
Velvet, was a Golden Crefcent, whereon was
the word Loz enameled; and to this Cref-
cent was fanned as many fmall pieces of Gold
fafhioned like Columes, and enameled red, as
the Knights had been prefent in Battels and
and Sieges.

The Order of the Ermine in Bre-,
tagne.

HIS Order was inftituted in Anno 14J0.
by Francu the Firft, Duke oi' Bret ague,
in memory of his Grandfather 7o/:>«,Surnamed
the Conqueror; and confided of Five and
twenty , of which himfelf was the Chief. The
Habit by him appointed them was a Mantle of
white Damask lined with carnation , with a
Mantlet of the fame. The great Collar was
of Gold, compofedof Earsot Corn in Saltier,
and at the end thereof hung the Ermine, or
Mm Tout icus, paflingovera Turf of Grafs;
at the edge of which was this Epigraph, A ma
vie. But this Order expired when die Duke-
dom of Bretagne became annexed to the
Crown of France.

DEGREES

O F

KNIGHTHOO

I N

ITALY.

Knights' of St. Mary the Glo-

rious.

IN the life of Pope Urban, when there
was great War amongft the Italian
Princes, which was about the year of
our Lord 12 jj. there were certain rich
Gentlemen of Modena and Bologna ,
who being fearful of the Troubles,and to be ex-
empt from the Publick Charges, moved the
Pope to permit them to live in contemplation,
and to erect a new Religious Order of Knight-
hood ; which for a fum of Money they ob-
tained. Their Habit was a white Caflock,and
a Mantle of a ruffet Colourjand for their Badge
they wore a purple Crofs Pattee on their
Breafts. They are commonly called Cavaleri
ete Madona ; and becaufe they had no Mona-
fteries , but dwelt at their own Houfes with
their Wives and Children at eafe and plenty ,
they were termed Fratres Gandentes. They
were obliged to fight againft Infidels, and to
prated Widows and Orphans.

Knights of the Holy Ghoft in
Saxia at Rome.

Hp H E chief Seat of thefe Knights is the
ftately Hofpital of the Holy Gholt, found-
ed by Pope Innocent the Third, about the year
of our Lord 1 1 98. Before their admittance
they are obliged to bring Certificate of their
Gentility: They profefs Obedience, Chaftity,
and Poverty : They live under the rule of St.
Augujhne, and have a Mailer: Their Enfign
is a white Patriarchal Crofs , with twelve
points ; , fewed on their Breaf t , and on the left
fide of their black Mantle. The Revenue be-
longing to this Hofpital is 24000 Ducats daity,
with which they do works of great Charity ;
as nurfing and educating of expofed Children;
the curing of Difeafes ; relieving the ] ypt ,
and entertainment of Strangers for three'days.

The

I 3 <

Orders of Knighthood in Italy.

Part II.

The Conftantinian Ange\k\
Knights of St. George which
was formerly in Greece.

'HIS ancient Order of Knighthood is faid
- to take its beginning from
Great for that lie faw by an Angel from
Heaven a Crofs with this InfcripnonT^ hoc
fanovinces; andthepaternot the faid Crols
Ed to'his v.ew'in the Skic he caufed to
be made of Cold and precious Stones , and to
be carried before his Army mftead of their
golden Standard formerly ufed: And this Crols
was alfo to be engraven upon the Armour ot
his Legionary SoSdiers. And lor the further
adoration of the Crols, after his Triumphal
Entrance into Rome upon his Vicftory over
Maxenttus , he erected many Crolles with
Infcriptions : and in the principal part o the
City he caufed his Statue to be fet up, holding
a Banner of the Crofs with an Infcription.

Their Enfign was a Collar of Gold,to which
was faftned a Crofs of the fame lorm , and
thereunto the figure of St. George.

Of this Order Conftantine elected Fifty of
the Nobleft Perfons in his Empire, to whom
he save the Standard of the Labarum , and
likewife a Collar of Gold ; and conftituted fe-
veral Laws to be obferved by the faid Frater-
nity , which were confirmed by Pope Leo the
Firft who afligned to them the Rule ot St.
Bafd AnnoTtom.tfb. which faid Order hath
been'fince confirmed by divers fucceedmg
Popes and Emperors.

The Great Mafters of this Order have now
their Convent at Briamio , near the City of
Venice and live in great Grandure , being
perfons of Eminency, are fubjed: to no Prince;
have the power of coyning Money, reftonng
of Honours , giving Degrees with the Title
ofDoSors, creating of Poet Laureats legi-
timating of Baftards ; and are pnviledged to
fit at the Table with the Pope.

The Patron of this Order is St. George , and
the blelfed Virgin Mary their ProtecTxefs.
Their Habit is a white Garment, on the left
fide of which is affixed a red Crofs flory, made
of Velvet ; in the midft of which is the La-
barum embroidered after the form of the
Letter X, with the Letters a upon the
one Arm of the Crofs , and A upon the o-
thcr.

Knights of St. Peter at Rome.

TH I S Order was inftituted in Anno i 520.
by Pope Leo the Tenth, to defend
the Sea-Coatts, and to fight againft the Turks.
Their number was Four Hundred : who were
afligned to wear in an Oval of Gold the Figure
of St. Taul.

Knights of St. George at Rome.'

TH I S Order was inftituted by Pope A-
lexander the Sixth Anno 149S. But as
Mcheh faith,by Pope Taul the Third, for the
Security of the Confines of the Adriatick Sea
againft Pirats , who for their Enfign wore a
Crofs of Gold, entow'red with a Circle ot the
fame in form of a Crown.

Knights of St. Paul at Rome.

THIS Order was inftituted by Pope Taul
the Third in Anno 1 5-40. Their Enfign
was the Figure of St. Taul, which they wore
hanging on a Chain of Gold.

Knights called Pios at Rome.

THIS Order was inftituted by Pope Tins
the Fourth in Anno 1560. which number
at firft was Three hundred feventy five , but
afterwards encreafed to Five hundred thirty
and odd. Their Enfign is the Effigies of St.
Ambrose, which they wear about their Necks,
hanging on a Chain of Gold.

Knights of Loretto.

THIS Order was inftituted in Anno 1587.
by Sixtus Quintus; whofe Enfign was
the Figure of our Lady of Loretto hanging on
a golden Chain.

Knights

Chap XXIV. Orders of Knighthood in Italy. 15?

Knights of the glorious Virgin Ma-
ry o/Rome,

T~" HIS Order took its rife from three Bre-
thren of Sfella in Italy , furnamed Fe-
trignaaoes, in Anno 161 8. and the caufe of
its mftitution was for the advancement of the
Romifh Church, and the fupprefling the Tur-
kic Rovers in the Mediterranean Sea. Pope
Faul the Fifth approved of this Order , and
gave them for their Convent the Palace of St.
John de Later ane ■ alfo the City and Port of
Civita Vechia for their Arfenal of Gallies,
together with the government of his Galiies.
Thcfe Knights lived under theRule of St. Fran-
' cis d'A/jiJe ; and the Pope and his Succeifors
are Great Mailers.

The Badge, which thefe Knights wear on
the left fide of their Mantles, which is white,
is a Crofs of blew Satin embroidered with Sil-
ver, and bordered with Gold , having in the
midft a round circle wherein is this Motto ,
In hoc figno vincam ; and within the faid
circle is the Letters S. M. From the round cir-
cle ilfue forth twelve Rayes : The ends of the
Crofs are in falhion of Flower de lis ; on each
of which is a Star , which may fignifie the
four Evangelifts , as the twelve Rayes do the
twelve Apoftles.

Knights of fefus at Rome.

TH I S Order was inftituted in Amio
1320. by Pope John the Two and
Twentieth , at Avignon in France, and much
enlarged by Pope Taul the Fifth. Their
Badge is a plain red Crofs, within a Crofs Pat-
tee, Gold, which hangs on a gold Chain. And
this Order was chiefly creeled for the honour-
ing of fome of the Nobles and Pcrfons of Qua-
lity in his Territories.

Knights de la Calza in Venice.

Tp HIS Order was inftituted about the
Year 1400. in honour of the Inaugurati-
on of Duke Michele Stelo , and confifted of a
Society of Noblemen and Gentlemen , who
entred into a Society , and elected a perfon
of Eminence for their Chief; and afterwards
the faid Order was confirmed, and privilcdges
granted unto them.

On folemn days their Habit was a crimfon
Senator's Veft ; and their Enfign was a Sun on
a Shield,which they ufed as well for their Seal,
as painted on their Banners.

Knights of St. Mark in Venice.

TH E Ceremony in creating thefe
Knights is much the fame as the Knights
Batchelors, being dubbed with the Sword, and
their Title a bare mark of Honour only : They
are not governed by Laws or Statutes ; they
have no Pvevenue, nor are they under any par-
ticular Obligation by Vow , as thofe of other
Orders are. This Honour is conferred as well
by the Duke of Venice , as by the Senate, up-
on Perfonsof eminent Qualitv , and on fuch
as have merited well of this Commonwealth,
which puts the greater efteem thereon.

Their Badge of Honour, wherewith they are
adorned, is a goldj Chain, which hangs over
their Shoulders, to which depends a Medal;
on the one fide of which is the Emblem of St.
Mark, viz, a Lion w ith Wings , holding in
his right Paw a drawn Sword , and in his left
an open Book with this Motto, Tux tibi Mar-
ce Evangelifta wens. And upon removing
the Body of St. Mark from Alexandria in E-
gyft ( where he was buried) to this City,
which was in the Year 828. This Saint hath
been taken for their titular Angel and Guar
an ; and his Picture was anciently painted up-
on their Enfigns and Banners.

Knights of St. George at Genoa.

Tp H I S Order was inftituted by Frederick
*• the Third , Emperor of Germany , and
dedicated to the honour of St. George their
titular Saint and Patron. Their Enfign is a
plain Crofs, Gules , which is faftned to a gold
Chain, and wore about their Necks.

Knights of the Order of the pre-
cious Blood of our Saviour fe-
fus Chrift at Mantua.

TN Mantua 'tis reported that there is kept
fome of the Blood of our Saviour, with a
piece of the Spunge in which he received the
Vinegar and Gall; by which Reliques (as they
fay , great Miracles are wrought ; And in
honour of which Blcod, as alfo for the defence
and propagation of the Chriftian Religion,? ncl
for the more noble Cofummation of the Nup-
tial of Fraucifco , eldeft Son to Vicentio de
Gonzaga, fourth Duke of Mantua ; this Or-
der was inftituted about the Year 1608. and
confifted of twenty Knights , of which the
S Great

i 5 8

Orders of Knighthood in Italy.

Part II.

Great Mafter was one, who w as the faid Duke
and Founder thereof.

Their Collar is compofed of Ovals of Golu,
fome the length one way , and fome another;
in one of which were thefe words, Domtne
probdfli, and in the other flames of Fire flaw-
ing about a crucible or melting Pot full ol flicks
of Gold; and at the fame hanged another large
Oval of Gold, wherein were two Angels (land-
ing upright, holding between them a Chalice
crowned ; on the Table of it were enameled
three drops of Blood , and about the Oval this
Infcription, Nihil ifto trip recepto.

Knights of St. Stephen at Flo-
rence.

CO S MO Duke of Florence and Sienna,
having fettled his Government, and tir
ving in a peaceable Eftate, \a Anno 1^1. ere-
fted tiiis Order, calling thofe that entred into
the faid Society Cavalieri de fan Stepuio.
Their<6tatutes by him conftituted are much the
fame with thofe of the Order of Malta ; only
thefe have the liberty to marry.

Their Enfign is a red Crofs bordered about
with Gold : Their chief place of Refidence is
at Tija, where they have a Church , and a
place of Refidence built them by the Duke, as
being near to the Haven, which receiveth the
Gallies wherein thefe Knights fliould ferve for
the checking the Inroads of the Turkim Pi-
rates.

The Duke himfelf, and his Succeffors, is
Great Mafter of this Order, under whom are
divers other Officers of Reputation. Their
Habit is a long Mantle of white Chamlet , and
on the left part of the Breaft a Crofs of red
crimfon Satin , bordered with Gold ; and on
Feftival days they wear a Ribon about their
Necks.

Knights of the Knot in Naples.

IEvivs K. of Hungary being refolvedto re-
^ venge the death of his Brother Andrew,
whom Joan G\ of Naples, wife of the faid An-
^«y,hadcaufed tol eftrangled,undertook an
Expeditionintolf/i^, and much haraiTed her
Kingdom; but after a 3 yearsWar.in^.ijyi.they
came to an Agreement, and Ihortly after (with

the confent of Pope Clement the Sixth ) the
Queen add !(«•« Prince of T.:> cmnm we're
crowned King and Queen of that Kingdom :
And in commemoration of fo happy a Union,
the Prince inftituted this Order , into which
were enrolled Seventy of the nobleft Lords in
Naples, together with fome Strangers.

Their Habit appointed them was a white
Garment ; and their Enfign was a Knot inter-
mixed with Gold. But this Order expired foon
after the death of the Founder.

Knights of the Argonauts of St.
Nicholas in Naples.

TH I S Order was inftituted in Anno 1382.
by Charles the Third, King of Naples,
for the advancement of Navigation , which
was much wanting amongft the Neapolitans ;
but others fay it was erected for the preferving
of Amity amongft the Nobles , who were the
Perfons that were inverted with the faid Ho-
nour. Their Enfign appointed them by the
faid King was a Ship toiled in a Storm , with
this Motto, Non credo tempori. Their Habit
was a white Garment ; and their great Feaft
was held in the Convent of that ftately Church
built by St. Nicholas Bifliop of Smyrna. But
by reafon of the King's not fettling a Re-
venue thereon, upon his death it became dif-
ufed.

Knights of the Ermyn in Na-
ples.

Erdinand the Firft, King of Naples , tw-
in g ended the War which he had againft
John of Lorain Duke of Calabria ; his Bro-
ther in Law Marinas Marcianus, Duke of
Sefa , and Prince of Rojiano , had raiftd a
Confederacy againft him, and intended to
kill him when they were together, by which
means the Kingdom might be transferred to
the Duke of Calabria : But this Plot being
difcovered, and the Duke apprehended , in-
ftead of caufing him to be executed, the
King elected him one cf this Order, and at
fo admitted thereunto all the Nofles of his
Kingdom. The Collar , with w inch t..ey
were invefted, was of Cold intermixed w ith
mud or dirt , to which hung an Ermyn , with
this Motto, Malo mori qnamfadari.

D E-

Chap.XXIV.

D E G R

O F

E E §

KNIGHTHOOD

I N

A VO Y

Knights of the Annunciation,

HIS Order was inftituted in
. the Year i ? 6z. by Amedee the
Sixth Earl of ^oj, Surnamed
V/ / erde , in memory of yfe-
^/to the firft Earl thereof, who
having valoroully defended the I fie of Rhode*
againlt the Turks , won thofe Arms which
are now born by the Dukes of Savoy viz
Gules, a Crofs Argent. Tlic Collar belong-
ing to this Order is of Gold , on which are
thefe Letters Engraven, F. E. R T.
which llgnifie Fortitudo ejus Rhodmii te-
ntut ■ and to this Collar hangeth a Tablet
wherein is the figure of the Annunciation'
vyluch is their daily Badge which they wear
about their Shoulders.

This Order at firft confided of Fifteen
of winch the Founder was the Sovereign •
which number was afterwards enlarged'
■The Church where the Ceremonies were
obferved, and the Chapters held by the
Sovereign and the Knights , was firft a't Ti-
erre Cbajlle, which afterwards removed to

MontmeilLir, and thence to the Hermitage
of CamalMe , feated upon the Mountain of
of Turin.

Their Habit is now a purple Mantle feed-
ed with Rofes and Flames in embroidery of
Gold and Silver, bordered with the Sym-
bols of the Order, fringed with Cold , and
lined with Cloth of Silver, and tiifued blew;
under winch, inftead of a Surcoat, is worn a
white Satin Suit embroidered with Silk , and
the Breeches like Troufes half way their
Thighs.

In the faid Church were entertained Fif-
teen Pnefts , who were to fay Fifteen Maffes
daily to the honour of the fifteen Joyes of
the bleffed Virgin , to the Souls health of
him, his Predeceffors, and all who have
been, were, or fliould hereafter be Knights of
this Order.

Amongft the Orders by them obferved
every Knight at his death was to give to
the maintenance of the Church One hun-
dred Florins , which was to be paid to the
S 2 Prior

Orders of Knighthood in Savoy,

Fart II:

140

Prior for the time being; That at ** death
of any of the Knights, the reft fliould af-
femble themfelves to bury the dead m an
faoupuraWg order, and every fe^M*""
a white Gowo, and fo make fat Offenng
each bringing with him tour Wax Torches
weighing One hundred pound, and a to-
wards lei Nine days to apparel themfelves
in mourning: And that every Knight at h s
burial ihould g.ve unto the Church CoU
lar, a Banner, his Armour and Coat ot
Arms - all which to be offered at the day
of Entertainment at the Church m memory
of the deceafed.

Knights of St. Maurice.

A Madk the eighth Duke of Savoy, with
A ten of his Court Knights retired
themfelves to the Defart of Vf*** near
the Lake of Geneva, where they ed a So-
litary and Hermetical Life. And in the
Year 14*4. as well to honour St. Maurice
the titular Saint and Patron of Savoy as ot
his Launce or Sword and Ring, which as a
Pledge of Dominion are delivered to them
with great Solemnity at their Inauguration :
This Order was inftituted , and was made
fubiect to the Rule of St. AugufUne The
Habit affigned them was an Ajh-colour or
arey Gown and Chaperon, with Sleeves
laced with red Chamlet; alfo a Veftofthe
fame girded about them with a golden Gir-
dle and on the Bread of the Mantle a white
Crofs pommetteofClothorTaffaty.

About Nine years after (the Papal See
being void by the Depohtion of Pope Eu-
<refiius the Fourth ) this Duke for his de-
vout Life was elected Pope , which , with
much perfvvaiions he accepted ot : But he
had not been in it above Nine years, but
he refigned the Chair to Pope Nicholas
the Fourth , and retired again to a Solitary
Life at Rifaille, where he ended his days
in Anno 1451. and was interred in the Cathe-
dral of Laiifarma.

Knights of St, Maurice and St.
Lazarus.

THefe two Orders; were erected by E-
mamiel Tbilibert , Duke of Savoy , in
Anno 1572. and at the requeft of the faid
Duke were confirmed and united into one
Order by Pope Gregory the Thirteenth ,
who conftituted the faid Duke and his Suc-
ceffors Dukes of Savoy Grand Matters there-
of, obliging them to fet out two Gallies
for the Service of the Papal See againft the
Turhjb Pirats.

Their Enfign is a green Crofs of St. La-
zarus , charged with a white Crofs of St.
bkurke .which they wear either tied to a gold
Chain or a Ribon. Their Habit is a Gown
of crimfon Tabby, with a long Train, wide
Sleeves, and edged about with white Taf-
faty , and a Cordon with a Taifel of white
and 'green fixt to the Collar thereof.

Chap XXIV.

141

E G R

O F

S2j 1 1

KNIGHTHOOD

I N

SWITZERLAND.

CALLED

Knights of the Bear.

TH E Emperor Frederick the Se-
cond going in Pilgrimage to the
Abbey of St. Gall in Anno 1 2 1 3 .
gave great Priviledges in ac-
knowledgment of their Affi-
ftance in pulling down the Emperor Otho ,
and eftablifhing himfelf , and creeled this Or-
der of Knighthood (which he conferred on
fever al Noblemen ) which Annually met at
the Abbey of St. Gall on the Sixteenth of
OBober, where all new Knights were to re-
ceive the Order from the Abbot , the Pa-
tron thereof ; on which day fuch as were to
be admitted into the Fraternity, were gird-

ed with a Military Belt ( the Sword being
firft confecrated at the Altar ) and adorned
with the Collar of the Order.

But this Order took the Title of the Bear
in memory of St. ZJrfus of the Thebau Le-
gion, who was martyred before the Tem-
ple of the Sun at Soleurre in Switzer-
land.

Unto this Order the Founder gave a
Collar and a Chain of Gold , to which hung
the figure of a golden Bear mounted on an
Hillock , enameled with black.

But when this Country became a Common-
wealth, this Order was laid afi.de.

D E-

DEGREES

0 F

KNIGHTHO O I

1 N

GER MANY.

Knights of the Tutonic\ Order of Prufia

F~~W~~~\ H E firft Inftitutor of this Order
was a wealthy Gentleman of
: ;i Germany, who dwelt at Jeru-
j| [alem after it was taken by the
Chriftians, together with divers
other men of his Country ; and being exceed-
ing rich, kept an hofpitable Houfe, relieving
all Paflengers and Pilgrims that travelled to
jefufalem , infomuch that his Houfe became
( as it were ) an Hofpital : At length he built
near unto his Houfe a fair Church , which he
dedicated to our Lady ; and many Chriftians
referring thither , as well out of Devotion ,
as to vint the Sick , they refolved to erect a
Fraternity ; and having chofen a Great Ma-
tter for their Governor ( which was about the
Year of our Lord 1 1 90. ) they imitated the
Knights Templars in their Military Employ-
ments, and the Knights Hofpitallers in their
ACts of Piety and Charity ; and inftituted

feveral Orders to be obferved amongft them,
being much the fame with thofe of the
Knights Hofpitallers and Templars , which
were afterwards confirmed by Pope Celt Pine
the Third : But their Habit was a white Man-
tle , and on the Bread thereof for their En-
fign they wore a black Crofs voided with a
Crofs Potence.

The Holy Land being retaken from the
Chriftians by the Sarazens, thefe Knights
returned into Germany, where they had not
continued long , ere they went to the Em-
peror Frederick the Second, and acquainted
him that the people of Trnfi :■ ^ who were
barbarous Idolaters ) ufed Incurfions upon
the Confines of Saxony , and befought the
Emperor's leave to make War upon them
at their own Charges, but with this Con-
j dition , that whatfoever they took fhould
' be theirs for the maintenance of the faid Or-
der ;

Chap XXIV. Orders of Knighthood in Germany.

der; which reqoeft being fo reafonable was i
immediately granted them, and confirmed '
under his Seal: And being thus encoura-
ged , forthwith took up Arms , in whicn
they were fo fortunate, that in a Ihort time
they not only l'ubdued all that Province ,
but. alio palled the River Viftqla, and con-
quered other people , w ho became their
Tributaries , and received the Chrhiian
Faith.

Thefe Knights thus increasing in Riches
and Territories , they built divers Churches
and Cathedral Temples , where refided
Bilhops , who were enjoy ned to wear the
Habit of the Order. And near unto the
River Vtftula was a great Oak , where (in
Anno "i 540.) they built the firft Cattle
and Town , which afterwards took the
Name of Mareenburgh , or Burga di St.
Marta\ where is now the chief Church
belonging to this Order, to which belong-
eth lo great Riches, that thefe Knights, lor
Men and Money, might compare with di-
vers Princes : But about the Year 1 5- z
Albertus Brandenburg!) being Great Ma-
tter , he renounced this Order , and became
feudatofy to Sigifmoud the Firft , King of
f Foland , who railed Tfn/ia into a Duke-
dom , and this Albert was made firft Duke
thereof. But fome of the Knights did af-
terwards elect a new Great Matter, and
fettled in Germany ; but the Order is now
of fmall luftre.

Knights of St. Gereom.

T"* HIS Order received its firft Inftitution
■*■ by Frederick Barboroffa the Emperor,
which confided only of German Gentle-
men. Their Habit was a white Gown ,
whereon they wore a black Patriarchal
Crofs fet on a green Hillock ; and they fol-
lowed the Rule of St. Augnfiine.

Knights of St. George in Au-
ftria and Carinthia.

HIS Order was erected ( in Anno
1 4 7 o. ) by Frederick the Third, Em-
peror of Germany, principally for the guard-
ing the Frontiers of Germany, Aiiftria, Ca-
rinthia , Stiria , and Hungary againft the

l J2

Incurfions of the Turks , who before much
haralled thefe parts : But fince the Inftitu-
tion of thefe Knights they have received
great checks.

Their Enfign is Sr. George's Crofs, which
they wear on their Garment , which is
white. They profefs Conjugal Chafiity, and
Obedience to their Great Matter , whofe
Seat and Rclidence was the Caftle of Mild-
ftad in the Dukedom of Carinthia, where
there was founded a Cathedral Church of
Canons under the Rule of St. AugnHine ;
and for their Protector they have or had the
Emperors.

flights of St. Michaeh/^ Arcb-
Angel.

Tp H I S Order was inflituted ( in Anno
A 1 6 1 8. ) by Charles Gonzaga Duke
di Mantua and Ncvers , together 'with the
contrivance of his Brother Adolf h Count of
Aliham, and John. Baptift 'Petrignan Sfor-
tia, .chiefly to eftablith peace and concord
between Chriftian Princes and their Subjects,
and to releafe and redeem Captives. The
year following this Order was received at
Vienna by fundry Princes of divers Coun-
tries; and in Anno 1624. it was confirmed
by Pope Urban the Eighth.

Their Habit was a white Mantle , ove r
which they wore a fliorter of blew Silk ,
with Buskins alfo of blew , and a black filk
Cap: About their Necks on a blew Ri-
bon hung a gold Crofs of eight points,
enameled blew ; on the one fide thereof
was the figure of the Virgin Mary with
our Saviour in her Arms ; and on the other
the figure of St. Michael treading the Dra-
gon under his Feet: And on the left fide
of their white Mantles was a Crofs em-
broidered with blew Silk and Gold , in the
midft whereof was the figure of the bletfed
Virgin with Chrift in her left Arm , and a
Scepter in her right hand, crowned with
twelve Stars , furrounded with Rayes of the
Sun, and a Crefcent ander her feet; all
which was encircled with the Cord of St.
Francis; and the four Angles of the Crofs
caft forth each of them a golden Flame.
But fome differences arifing amongft the
Founders of this Order , was the caufe of
its fo fudden diffolution.

Knigbt<

144

Orders of Knighthood in Germany.

Part II.

Knights of St. Anthony in Hai-
nok.

r-r* HIS Order was toftituted ( in Anno
I i jSz. ) by Albert of Bavaria , Earl
of Hainolt, Zealand, and Holland, upon his
Expedition againft the Turks and Moors.
Their Enfigri was a golden Collar, after
the faihion of a Hermit's Girdle , to which
hung a walking Staff, and a little golden
Bell.

Knights of the Tufin Order in Bo-
hemia or Auftria.

TH I S Order ( as 'tis faid ) was tnftitu-
ted by the Arch-Dukes of Austria,
for the engaging their Subje&s to expel the
Turks and Hereticks out of their Territo-
ries, which for about Two hundred years
had there feated themfelves; which coft
the Dukes an exceffive Charge to maintain
a War againft them , and to no great pur-
pofe. But thefe Knights having by Grant
lor their fupport what they gained from
them, gave them fo great Encouragement,
that in a few years the whole Province
was almoft cleared of them by them.

Their Habit was a red , and their Enfign
was a plain green Crofs.

Knights of St. Hubert in Gulick
or Juliers.

1"* H I S Order was inftituted in Anno
1473. by Gerard Duke of Gulick
and Berg , or juliers and Mount , in ho-
nour of St. Hubert Bifhop of Liege , who
died in the year of our Lord 727. As to
their Habit and Enfign, I have met with
no account thereof.

Knights of the Order of St- James
in Holland.

THIS Order received its inftitution in
the Year 1190. from Florentine Earl
of Holland and Zealand, who (in his Pa-
lace at the Hague ) in honour to St. James
created Twelve of his principal Nobles
Knights of this Order, whom he inverted
with Collars of Gold , or Military Belts of
Silver and Gilt , adorned with fix Efcallops,
to which hung the figure of St. James the
Apoftle.

DEGREES

DEGREE

KNIGHTHOOD

I N

SWEDEN.

Knights of the Bfician Order.

THIS Order was erected in
the Year of our Lord 1366.
by the famous Queen Bridget,
who for her holy Life was
ityled and enrolled a Saint:
and out of her zeal for the honour of Te-
fus Chnft the defence of the Chriftian
Religion , the fecunng the Confines of her
Kingdom , the fuccouring Widows and Fa-
perlefs , and the maintenance of Hofpita-
Iity endowed this Order with a confidera-
ble Revenue.

This Order was approved of by Pope 1
\_rban the Fifth, who gave them the Rule
of St .Au Vl [l l1le : And their "Enlign was a !
blew Crofs of eight points, and under it a
I ongue ol Fire.

Knights of the Seraphins.

*TH HIS Order was

1334' by Magnus th
Sweden, in memorial of
the chief City of Vffila.
figned to this Order was
triarchal Crofles of Gold ,
of Gold, enameled red;
thereof hung the figure of
the Virgin Mary.

inftituted in Anna
e Fourth , King of

the Siege laid to
The Collar af-

compofed of Pa-
and of Serafhins

and at the end
our Saviour, or of

Knights of Amaranta.

T HIS Order was inftituted about the
Year 1645:. by Chriftiana Queen of
Sweden, in honour of a Lady named Ama-
T ranta,-

146

Beauty and Courage, /nd by their u
they were to defend and proted fl»jM«
of tire Queen, as,alfo the pe^J
Fellow Brothers trom harm : To h P 0
to advance Piety, Virtue , and Juftice ,

to ffirssr-J?^ ^ c f o 7°en d

1 neu i-ui b J . „ reverfed ; en-
Sd^ft.^esw^Dl m onds,andfe t

Orders of KmghthoodinSwten

Part II.

within a wreath of Laurel Leaves, b anded a-
bout with white , whereon is this Motto ,
Voice nelia memorial And this Badge they
wear either hanging at a gold Cham, or a
Mimfon or blew Ribon which they pleafe. _

Here is another Order of Kmghthood in
this Kingdom of Sweden, ca J led ot the Sword
and Military Belt, whofe Collar cc.nf.fted of
Swords and Belts conjoyned; but by whom
and when Inftituted, I am ignorant or.

V 9F '

life./

KNIGHTS

OF THE

Order of the Elephant

I N

DENMARK;

I N G Chrifiian the Firft of 'Den-
mark, upon a Religious account
travelled to Rome ; and amonglt
other Honours, Pope Sixtuslht
Fourth , in memory ot the fal-
fion of our Saviour, inverted him with this
Order and ordained him and his Succeffors,
gngs of 2>»*^, Chief -d Sunream o^h
faid Order; which was conferred on the Va-
S Prince , as a memorial to incite them to
defend the Chriftian Religion againft the
Moors and Africans.

Thefe Knights were obliged to perform
Ads of Piety and Charity , with certain Ce-
remonies to be obferved , efpecially upon

thofe days on which they wore the Enfign of
their Order, which was the figure of an E-
ephanV, on whofe fide, within a rundle was
reprefented a Crown of Thorns with three

bl ?„K a of their golden Collar formerly
won by them , they now wear about them
T blew Ribon, to which hangs an Elephant
enameled white , and beautified with five large
Diamonds fet in the niidft.

On the day of the Coronation of the King s
of Denmark this Order hath been commonly
I conferred upon the Nobles and moft deferving
Senators of his Kingdom.

D E-

Chap.XXIV.

147

DEGREES

0 F

KNIGHTHOOD

1 N

POLAN

Knights of Chrift,or of the Sword-
bearers in Livonia.

THIS Order was inftituted by
Albert Bifhop of Livonia , a-
bout the Year of our Lord
1200. for the propagation of
the Chriftian Religion in thofe
Parts, in imitation of the Knights Teutonicks
in Trufia, to which Order they were united
about the Year 1237. and fubmitted them-
felves to their Rule and Habit ; by whofe
arliftance they fubdued the Idolatrous Livo-
nians, and brought them to embrace the |
Chriftian Faith. But in the Year 1 y6i.Go-
thard de Ketler , then Great Mafter in the
Caftle of Riga , furrendred to the ufe of Si- j
gifmond the Second , King of Poland, Sur-
named Augustus, all the Lands belonging to !
this Order ; together with the Seal of the j
Order , his Crofs, the Keys of the City and '

Caftle of Riga , the Charters and Grants of
the feveral Popes and Emperors which con-
cerned the fame ; the priviledge of Coynage,
and all other matters concerning the fame ; up-
on which the faid Great Mafter received
back from the faid King's Commiffioners
the Dukedom of Curland, to be enjoyed by
him and his Heirs for ever ; upon which this
Order became extinguished.

Knights of the white Eagle.

~T* H I S Order was erected by Ladiflaus,
4 the Fifth , King of 'Poland, for the fur-
ther honouring the Marriage , of his Son Ci-
firmre the Great with Anne Daughter of
Gerdimir Duke of Lithuania, in Anno 1 325-.
and for their Enfign had a white Eagle
crowned.

K NIGHTS

KNIGHTS

OF THE

Order of the Dragon

OVERTHROWN I N

HUNGARY.

I H I S Order was inftituted in the
Year i 4 1 8. by Sigifmund the Em-
peror, Surnamed the Glorious, for the
Defence of the Chriftian Religion ,
and the fuppreiling the Schifmaticks and He-
reticks , which he had been .victorious over
in many Battels.

Their Enfign, which they daily wore, was
a green Crofs flory ; on Feftival days they
wore a fcarlet Cloak , and on their Mantle
of green Silk a double gold Chain , or a
green Ribon, to which hung the figure of
a Dragon, dead, with broken Wings , and
enameled with variety of colours. But al-
though this Order was of high efteem for
a time, yet it almoft expired with the death
of the Founders.

Knights of the Order of the
Sword in Cyprus.

V T o{- Lmfignan foon after his poffef-
fion (as King) of the Ifle of Cyprus ,

which he had bought of Richard the Firft,
King of England, for One hundred thoufand
Crowns of Gold, in Amio 1195. erecled
this Order in Commemoration of fo good
and fortunate a Plantation for Fifteen thou-
fand Perfons, which he had brought thither
with him.

The Collar of this Order was compofed
of round Cordons of white Silk woven in
Love-knots , and interlaced with the Letters
S. and R. To this Collar hung an Oval of
Gold , wherein was enameled a Sword , the
Blade' Silver , and the Hilt Gold , and a-
bout the Oval was this Motto, Securitas
Regni.

This Honour of Knighthood the faid King
( who was Great Mailer ) conferred on his
Brother Amaury Conftable of Jerusalem and
Cyprus ' and on Three hundred Barons which
he had created in this his new Kingdom :
But when the Turks became Mailers of the
Ifle, this Order ceafed.

KNIGHTS

O F

Saint Anthony

I N

ETHIOPIA.

A Bout the Year of our Lord 370. John\
Emperor of JV.thiopia (vulgarly cal-
led Trefter 'John) ere&ed into a
Religious Order of Knighthood cer-
tain Monks , who lived an auftere and folita-
ry Life in the Defert , after the Example of
St. Anthony the Hermit , and Patron of this
Empire , and beftowed upon thefe Knights
great Revenues and many Priviledges. And
thus being inftituted , they received the Rule
of St. Bafil , fubmitted to his Conftitutions ,
wore a black Garment , and for their En-
fign a blew Crofs in form of the Letter
T.

Their chief Seat was in the I He of Meroe,
where the Abbots both Spiritual and Tem-
poral refided ; but in many other parts of
/Ethiopia they have or had great ftore of
Monafteries and Convents , with about two
Millions of yearly Revenue.

Thefe Knights vow to defend the Chriftian
Religion ; to yield Obedience to their Supe-
riors ; to obferve Conjugal Chaftity ; not to
Marry , or receive any other holy Orders
without licence firft obtained from the Abbot;
to guard the Confines of the Empire ; and
to go to War when and where they are
commanded.

Into this Order the eldeft Sons of No-
blemen or Gentiemen cannot be admitted ,

but the fecond Sons may : And if a man of
any degree whatfoever (except a Phyfician)
have three Sons, he is bound to enter one of
them into this Order.

Knights of the Burgundian Crofs
in Tunis.

MZJlleafies King of Twits , who was dri-
ven out of his Kingdom by Bariaroj-
fa, that noted Pirate, was again (in Anno
I JS5'0 reftored thereunto by the aififtance
of Charles the Fifth, Emperor of Germany,
and King of Spain. And being defirous to
gain the love of all thofe that had ferved
in that War , did ( as a reward ) confer this
honour of Knighood upon all thofe Com-
manders that valiantly behaved themfelves
in his Service. The Enfign that he aflign-
ed them was the Burgundian Crofs , to
which was added a Steel linking Sparks of
Fire out of Flint , with this Infcription ,
B ARB ARIA; which third Badge hung
to a Collar of Gold.

KNIGHTS

1 50

Orderr of Knighthood.

Part II-

O F T H E

Weft-Indies.

k Erfons that performed valiant A&s
in War were by the Mexicans ad-
vanced to Honour, and had fundry
Priviledges granted them ; info-
much that their chief Nobility
fprang from the Camp. And Montezuma
was lo high a Favourer of Knighthood, that
he ordained divers Orders, which he diftin-
guiflied by feveral Enfigns.

The principal Degree of thefe Knights were
thofe that had the crown of their Hair tied
with a fmall red Ribon, with a rich Plume of
Feathers , from which hung fo many Branches
and Rolls of Feathers upon their Shoulders ,
as they had performed worthy Exploits in
War. And thefe were termed Eagle Knights,
of which Order the King was the Supream.

The Order of the Knights of the Lions and
Tigers were the molt valiant in War, and al-
ways bore with them their Badges and Armo-
rial Enligns, and went to the War (as did the
Eagle Knights} armed Cap-a-pe.

The Order of the Grey Knights had their
Hair cut round about their Ears, were not fo
much honoured as the former , and when they
went to Wars, were armed but to the mid-
dle.

All thefe Degrees of Knights had their A-
partments in the King's Palace, which were
diltinguifhed by their feVeral Enfigns : And a-
mongft the honourable Priviledges that they
enjoyed, they might carry Gold and Silver ,

wear rich Cotton , and Shoes after their fa-
lhion, and ufe painted and guilt VefTels ; all
which were prohibited the common people.

The Order of Knighthood of the Blood
Royal in Te ru were of great efteem for their
approved Valour ; for before they could be ad-
mitted into the faid Degree, their Manhood
was fufficiently tried ; as in managing the
Dart, Lance, and other Military Exercifes ;
alfoin Leaping, Wreftling, Running , Shoot-
ing, ckc. in all which if they were not very
expert, they were thought unworthy to re-
ceive fo great an Honour : But being found
worthy to be admitted , divers Ceremonies
were ufed at their Creation; as putting on
them fine Shoes and Breeches ; boreing of holes
in their Ears ; giving them an Ax ; and adorn-
ing their Heads with Flowers, &c. all which
was forbidden the common people.

And the Peruvian Lords at their folemn
Feafts at Cufco ufed to dedicate theirChildren to
Honour , adorning them with Enfigns,making
holes in their Ears, and anoynting their Faces
with Blood, in token that they fhould be true
Knights to the Iugua.

The Knights of Cinaloa, which is a Pro-
vince near New Mexico, were created by gi-
ving them a Bow , and ordering them to en-
counter a Lion, or fome other favage Beaft,
which if they Hew , they were received into
favour and Honour.

KNIGHTS

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/Ifrlurcnit'iils of Ssq/y

CHAP.

ALTHOUGH by the Civil
Law there be no Gentlemen ot
Title under Knights, but all the
reft went under the name of Peo-
ple ; yet with us there are in
this rank which have names of Prehemi-
nence , whereby they are in Degree above
the reft, as Efquires and Gentlemen, all
which give Enfigns of Coats of Arms , and
thereby are diftinguiilied from the meaner
People; in which refpecft Bartoll" sTraB de
Enfignes calleth them Noble : but yet of
weak Nobility ; for it hath no further Pre-
rogative in it, than it makes them differ from
the bafer fort of People.

Of thefe two forts of Gentlemen with us,
the Efquire hath the Priority. Butitfcem-
eth if an Efquire be named Gentleman , or
a Gentleman called an Efquire , it is no
Offence or Fault in Legal Proceedings.

Efquire feemeth by the common Name
we give him in Latin , to have his Original
either for that he carried the Armour of
the King, Duke, or other great Perfonage;
as we read not only in Scripture , as Saul
and Jonathan had their Armour-bearers;
but in Poets and other profane Stories, we
find that Troclns was Achilles's Armour-
bearer , and Clyttts Alexanders the Great ;
whereupon fome write , that he whom we
call Armiger in Latin is a Footman , that

XXV.

with a Spear , Shield , or Head-piece follow-
eth an armed Knight in Battel; or rather, as
fome other fuppofe , it is the Footman arm-
ed in the Field : But howfoever the words
be taken , this is fure , That thofe men
were of good accompt in the old time , as
thofe that won themlelves Credit out of War;
and fo their Eftimation remaineth in their
Pofterity. And as thofe were in times be-
fore , fo are thefe which are in our days , as
defcending for the moft part from their wor-
thy Anceftors : And our Books of Common
Law doth diftinguilh them thus, viz-.

Knighthood is a Dignity , but Efquires and
Gentlemen are but Names of Worlhip : And
Brooks in the Abridgment of that Cafe, Title
Nofman de TUgnitte , 33. faith, To be a
Knight eft gradus ; but to be an Efquire or
Gentleman, eft ft at us ; for Gradus continet
flatus in [e , & non e contrario. Concerning
the word Worfhipful, read in the printed Book
of Titles of Honour the firft Part, fol. 124. &
fequentia.

In times paft every Knight had two of thefe
waiting upon him, who carried his Murrion
and Shield; and as infeparable Companions,
they ftuck clofe to him ; becaufe of the faid
Knight their Lord, they held certain Lands in
Efafsge , like as the Knight himfelf did of the
King by Knights Service.

The

5 2

Efq.

Hirer.

Part H.

The beginning of giving Arms in Europe
amongfl Chriftiaas is luppofed from the Holy
Wars ; for the Turks paint them not : And
fo with us about Henry the Third's time they
became here more firmly eftablilhed : And
when the Prince enobled any, he ufually gave
them the particular of his bearing in Blazon.
John Se Idea in his Preface, fol. 5:. where you
may alfo fee an Example in King Richard the
Second.

But now there are five diftinct forts of E-
fquires obferved; and thofe that have been
already fpoken of are now in no req ueft. Of
thefe forts the principal at this day are the
eldeft Sons of Vifcounts and Lord ; next are
all Noblemens younger Sons; then are ac-
counted thofe that are feled: Efquires for the
King's Body ; the next are Knights eldeft Sons
fucceffivelyj in a fourth rank are reckoned
thofe unto whom the King himfelf together
with the Title givethArms, or createth Ef-
quires by putting about their Necks a Silver
Collar of S S. and in former times upon their
Heels a pair of white filvcred Spurs, where-
upon at this day in the Weftern part of the
Kingdom they be called White-fpurs, for di-
ftinction from Knights who were wont to wear
gilt Spurs ; and to the firft begotten Sons only
of thefe doth this Title belong. In the fifth
and laft place be thofe that have any fuperiour
publick Office in the Kingdom ; as high She-
riffs, Juftices of the Peace, &c. or ferve the
King in any worfhipful Calling. At the Co-
ronation of Kings and Queens Knights of the
BaHi are made, men of worth and honourable
blood, to the end that their Majefties may be
accompanied in their own Honours , every of
which Knights having two Gentlemen to at-
tend them in that Ceremony, who are ever af-
ter (by that Service) enabled to be Efquires
during their lives.

But the name of Efquire in ancient time was
a name of Charge and Office , and firft crept
in amongfl other Titles of Dignity and Wor-
ihip ( fo far as ever I could obferve) in the
Reign ol King Richard the Second ; vide Sir
Thomas Smith de Republics Anglorum , fol.
26. where he faith, That the Efquire is no di-
Jtititt Order of the Commonwealth.

A Serjeant of the King's Kitchin may bear
the Name and Addition of Cook or Efquire
according to the Opinion of Newton : But
jenne faith , Such Officers of his Majeflte's
Honjljold would be much grieved if they fboitld
be named by their Trade or Office. Peradven-
ture in that cafe the Writ may be good be-
caufe of the Statute,^. 1 Hen.^.ch.^. For the
Statute is, That he iliould be named of the
I own, Degree, State, Condition, or Myfte-
ry; and when he was named Cook, he obfer-
ved the Statute, for he hath named him by his
own name of Myftery,- and yet he may be in
that cafe an Efquire, and a Cook.

II a man be an Efquire or Gentleman only

by Office, and lofeth the fame, he lofeth alfo
that title of Gentility.

Note, That an Efquire or Gentleman is but
an Addition to fatishe the faid Statute ; but
names of Dignity are parcel of the name.
And thereupon if a Tracipe quod reddat be
againft John a Stiles Yeoman, and recovery
is had , whereas the Tenant was a Gentle-
man , yet the Recovery is good. "I he fame
Law where a Releafe is made to John a S-iles
Yeoman, who is a Gentleman ; and where ad-
dition is given by the party, where it
needeth not by the Law ( being no Dignity )
it is void. So if a deed be made to a Gentle-
man by the name of a Yeoman ; for there is a
great difference between Deeds and Writs.

If an Efquire be to be Arraigned of High
Treafon , he may and ought to be tried
per probos S Legales homines , that may
expend Forty killings of Freehold , or be
worth One hundred pounds in the value of
Goods : And fo the Statute that doth fpeak of
men of his condition hath always been put in
ure, 'Dyer 99. b. Note a Knight hath no other
priviledge by Statute or Common Law.

The King may make an Efquire by Patent
viz. Creamus te Armigerum, (Sc. Note the
Preface to the printed Book of Titles of Ho'-'
now, y. b. & 318.

By the ftatute 21. Hen. 8. chap. 13. a -
mongft other things it is enaclred, that the
Brethren and Sons born in Wedlock of every
Knight being Spiritual men , may every of
them purchafe Licence or Difpenfation, and
receive, take and keep two Tar/onages, or
Benefices with cure of fouls.

The Son or Sons of any Knight, and heir
apparent of an Efquire is priviledged to keep
Greyhounds, fetting T)oggs, or Nets to take
Theajants or Cartridges, though he can-
not difpend ten pounds in his own right,
or in his Wives right of Eftate of Inheri-
tance, or of the value of thirty pounds o{ Eftate
for life.

By the precedent difcourfe of Knights
Batchelors we underftand, that all perfons
by the common Law are compellable to take
the degree of Knighthood, or to fine, if they
are polieft of fuch an Eftate as the King and
his Council lhall judge fit to maintain that Port
in their Country. And this annual Revenue
deemed fit for that Dignity , and the fines im-
pofed upon fuch as refufed , we find in our Hi-
ftories and Statutes to vary with the times;
and certainly the beft Efquires , or at lcaft
none under the Reputation of Gentlemen were
compelled, although 'twas at the King's plea-
fure; And therefore 1 E,dw. z. Stat.de Mill-
tibm, the Parliament (faith Sander fon') more
for eafe of the Subject, than profit of the King,
limited it to fuch as had Twenty pounds per
Annum and better; and afterwards 'twas raifcd
to Thirty pounds , and a plentiful Revenue
in thofe times, when a Dowry of Three thou-

fand

Chip XXV.

fand pounds^?" Annum to a Queen,was deem-
ed a great impoverifliment to the Crown and
Kingdom:) but the Ealt and Weftern part of
the vVorld being laid open to the Merchants ,
money began to be more common, and by con-
fequence Land to its value ; fo that in the reign
of King Charles the Firft Forty pounds per
Annum being the rate fet for fuch as ought to
be made Knights, or to fine , many Farmers,
Leafeholders, Merchants, Inholders , and o-
thers were called in, whereby above 100 thou-
fand pounds was brought into the Exchequer :
Notwithstanding which divers perfons made
Friends, and took the Degree of Knighthood,
which occafioned the extinguifhment of the an-
cient Tax ; For many Efquires by birth,wealth,
and education, who bore the chiefeft Offices
of Honour and Truft in the Commonwealth ,
difdained to ftoop or give place to thofe new
dubbed Knights, countenanced the Complaints
of the common people againft the Law it felf
as a grievance, and prevailed fo far in the fol-
lowing Parliament, to get it repeal'd, as you
may fee 17 Ctir.chaf.io. Since which time the
difference between the Degree of Knighthood,
and Dignity of an Efquire, confifls only in Ti-
tle, a double rate in the Pole Tax,and priority
of place, which (as I before noted) is often
(lighted ; unlefs he be fufficiently qualified by
Birth, Parts, or other generous Accomplifh-
ments; or are Knights of the Field , who are
never abridged of their merited Honour , be-
ing acquired according to the original IrrXtitu-

*55

tion of that Degree amongft all Nations.

And we fee our Parliament men , our She-
riffs, Juftices of the Peace, and the Honoura-
ble Commanders,and Captains of Cavalry and
Infantry , for the moft Efquires at their firft
Election. By the Statute 25 Hen. 6. cap.i<$. the
Knights of the Shires lhall be notable Knights,
or elfe notable Efquires or Gentlemen , born in
the lame Counties for which they are chofen.
See the Statute for the prefervation of the
Game 22 and 23 Car. 2. by which, and many
other Statutes, they are equally priviledged
with Knights and other perlons of higher De-
gree. Toreprefent therefore an Efquire , as
now defined, is no eafie task ; but according to
the ancient Rule, I take him for a Foot-Com-
mander.

The Atchievementof an Efquire differs from
the Knight Batchelors only in the Helmet, as
you may hereobferve. I ihall alfo give you o-
ther Examples of Efquires, and amongft the
reft the Atchievement of my Honoured Friend
Robert Logan (vulgarly written Login ) Son
and Heir to John Logan, Lord of the Mannor
ol Idbuiy in Oxford/hire , who was of the an-
cient Houfc of Reftalridge in Scotland , un-
fortunately ruined for their Loyalty to Mary
Queen of Scots : He fucceeded his Father at
Idbury, was High Sheriff of the County ; a
man eminent for his Virtue and Learning ( a-
mongft whofe prayers this Manufcript was
found) exemplar in his life for Charity and
Converfation.

Efquires.

THE

i 5 4

Part II.

THE

DEFINITI

O R

DESCRIPTION

OF THE

GENTRY

0 R

Civil Nobility

O F

ENGLAND.

CHAP. XXVI.

GEntleman,G«/£To/w.r,feemeth to be
made of two words , the one
French (Gentity honejlus vel ho-
uefta parente natus • the other
Saxon ( Man~) as if you would
fay a man well born : And under this name are
all comprized,that are above Yeomen and Ar-
tificers ; fo that Nobles are truly called Gentle-
men. By the Courfe and Cuftome of Eng-
land. , Nobility is either Major or Minor.
Major contains all Titles and Degrees from
Knighthood upwards. Minor all from Barons
downwards.

Gentlemen have their beginning either of
Blood, as that they arc born of worlhipful Pa-
rents ; or that they have done fomething wor-
thy in Peace or War,whereby they deferve to
bear Arms, and to be accounted Gentlemen.
But in thefe days he is a Gentleman, who is
commonly fo taken. And whoioever ftudieth
the Laws of this Realm, who ftudieth in the
Univerfity , who profefleth Liberal Sciences ,
and to be fhort, who can live without Manual
Labour, and will bear the port, charge, and
countenance of a Gentleman , he fliall be cal-
led

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^ afthatiiasne:

Chap.XXVI.

led Matter, and fhall be taken for'a Gentle-
man; for true it is with us, tanti ens aim,
quant i tibi fttcrti : And it" need be, a King at
Arms ihall grant him a Patent for a new Coat,
if that there is none that of right doth apper-
tain unto him from his Anceltors; and if fo,
confirm that upon him. But fome men make
a queftion , whether this manner of making
Gentlemen is to be allowed of or no : And it
may feem that it is not amifs ; For firft , the
Prince lofeth nothing by it, as he mould do if
it were in France ; for the Yeoman or Hus-
bandman is no more fubjecf: to Tail or Tax in
England than the Gentleman : But on the o-
ther fide, in every payment to the King the
Gentleman is more charged, which he beareth
with content ; and in any Shew , Mufter , or
other particular Charge of the Town or Coun-
ty where he dwelleth , he is at a greater Ex-
pence for the prefervation of his Honour : And
for the outward fhew, in all refpects he deports
himfelf like a Gentleman : and if he be called
to the Wars , whatfoever it coft him , he mult
appear well accoutred , have his attendance ,
and (hew a more manly Courage and tokens of
a generous Education, by which means he fhall
purciiafe a greater Fame. For as touching
the Policy and Government of the Common-
wealth , it is not thofe that have to do with it,
which will magnirie themfelves, and go above
their Eltates , but they that are appointed Ma-
giltrates,&c.are perlons tried and well known.
See Sir Tl.\mas Smith Repub. Angl. Chap, of
Efquires and Gentlemen. In the five and
twentieth of Qjeen Elizabeth the Cafe was ,
That whereas it is required by this Statute of
the firft of Henry the Fifth, Chap. y. That in
every Writ,Original Procefs, Sec. in which a-
ny Exigit lhall be awarded , that Additions
ihoiild be given unto the Defendant of their
Eftate and Degree, &c. And the Cafe was,
That one was a Yeoman by his Birth , and yet
commonly called and reputed a Gentleman ;
and yet it was adjudged, That a Writ might
be brought againfl him with the addition of
Gentleman , for fo much as the Intention of
the Action is to have fuch a Name given by
which he may be known: This is fufficient to
fatisfie the Law, and the Act of Parliament ;
for nomen dicitur,quia notitiam facit.

But if a Gentleman be fued by addition of
Husbandman, he may fay he is a Gentleman,
and demand Judgment of the Writ without
faying (jind not Husbandman; ~) For a Gentle-
man may be a Husbandman,but he fhall be fued
by his Addition moft worthy: For a Gentle-
man of what Eftate foevcr he be-, although he
go to plough and common labour for his main-
tenance, yet he is a Gentleman, and fhall not
be named in legal Proceedings Yeoman, Hus-
bandman, or Labourer.

If a Gentleman be bound an Apprentice to
a Merchant , or other Trade, he ham not there-
by loft his Degree of Gentility,

*55

But if a Recovery be had againfl a Gentle-
man by the name of a Yeoman , in which cafe
no Action is necelfary , then it is no Error: So
if any Deed or Obligation be made to him by
the name of Yeoman.

If a Capias go againfl A. B. Yeoman , and
if the Sheriff take A. B. Gentleman, an Acti-
on of falfe imprifonment licth againfl the She-
riff: But if A. B. Yeoman be Indicted, and
A B. Gentleman be produced , being the fame
man intended, it is good.

If a man be a Gentleman by Office only ,
and lofeth the fame, then doth he alio lofe his
Gentility.

By the Statute 5: Eliz.chaf. q.intituled An
A51 touching Orders for Artificers, Labour-
ers, Servants of Husbandry , and Apprenti-
ces, amongft other things it is declared, That
a Gentleman born, &c. fhall not be compelled
to ferve in Husbandry. If any Falcon be loft,
and is found, it fhall be brought to the Sheriff,
who muft make Proclamation, and if the own-
er come not w'ithin four Months , then if the
finder be a fimple man, the Sheriff may keep
the Hawk-, making agreement with him that
took him : But if he be a Gentleman , and of
Eftate to have and keep a Falcon, then the
SherifTought to deliver to him the faid Falcon,
taking ot him reafonable cofts for the time
that he had him in Cuftody.

A Commifiion is made to take Children into
Cathedral Churches, fkc. one in anothers pla-
ces, where Children are inftructed to fing for
the furnifhing of the King's Chappel : Thefc
general words, by conftruction of Law, have
a reafonable intendment, viz- That fuch Chil-
dren,who be brought up and taught to fing to
get their living by it, tllofe may be taken for
the King's Service in his Chappel, and it fhall
be a good preferment to them ; but the Sons of
Gentlemen , or any other that are taught to
fmg for their Ornament or Recreation,and not
merely for their livelyhoods, may not be taken
againft their Wills, or the confent of their Pa-
rents and Friends. And fo it was refolved by_
the two Chief Juftices, and all the Court of
Star-Chamber, Anno ^ Eliz. in the Cafe of
one Evans , who had by colour of fuch Let-
ters Patents taken the Son of one Clifton a
Gentlemen of quality in Norfolk , who was
taught to fing for his Recreation ; which E-
vans for the fame offence was grievoufly pu-
nched.

And to the end it may withal appear, what
Degrees of Nobility and Gentry were in the
Realm before the coming of the Normans ,
and by what merits men might afcend, and be
promoted to the fame, I will here let down
the Copy of an Eng/i/lj or Saxon Antiquity ,
which you may read in Lambert's 'Per ambu-
lation of Kentfol. 564. and Engliflied thus :

It was fometimesin the Enghjh Laws,Tiist
the People and Laws were in Reputation, and
I then were the wifeft of the People worfhip-
U 2. worthy

Gentlemen.

1 56

Gentlemen.

Part Si.

worthy each in his degree , Earl and Churle,
Theyneand Undertheyne. And it' a Churle I
fo thrived, that he had fully five Hides of Land
of his own , a Church and a Kitchin, a Bell-
houfe and a Gate , a Seat and a feveral Of-
fice in the King's Hall, then was he thenceforth
the Theynes right-worthy : And if a The) ne
fo thrived, that he ferved the King on his Jour-
ney, rode in his Houfhold , if he then had a
Theyne which him followed , who to the
King's Expectation five Hides had , and in the
King's Palace his Lord ferved , and thrice with
his Errand had gone to the King , he might
afterwards with his fore-oath his Lord's part
play at any need; and of a Theyne that he
became an Earl , then was thenceforth an Earl
right worthy. And if a Merchant-man fo thri-
ved, that he palled over the wide Sea thrice of
his own Craft,he was thenceforth the Theynes
right-worthy. And if a Scholar fo thrived
through Learning, that he had degree and fer-
vedChrift, he was thenceforth ot Dignity
and Peace fo much worthy, as thereunto be-
longed, unlefs he forfeit, fo that he the life of
his Degree remit.

It is obferved, That the Saxons out of all
thofe Trades of life which be converfant in
gain, admit to the Ettate of Gentry fuch only,
as encreafed by honeft Husbandry or plentiful
Merchandize. Of the firft of which Cicero
affirmeth, that there is nothing meeter for a
freeborn man, nor no man fitter to make bra-
ver Souldier : And of the other,that 'tis prize-
worthy alfo , if at the length, being fatisfied
with gain , as it hath often come from the Sea
to the Haven , fo it changeth from the Haven
into Lands and Poffe/lions. And therefore
whereas Gervafius Tilburieufis in his Obfer-
vations of the Exchequer, accounted it an a-
buling of a Gentleman to occupy publicum
mercimonium , common buying and felling;
it ought to be referred to the other two parts
of Merchandize , that is to a Negotiation,
which is retailing and keeping of an open lllop,
and to a Function,which is to exercife Mercery,
or as fome call it, to play the Chapman , and
not to Navigation, which (as you fee) is the
only laudable part of all buying and felling.

And again, whereas by the Statute of Mag-
■naCharta, chap. 6. and Merton, chap. 7. it
was adifcouragement for a Ward in Chivalry ,
which in old time was as much as to fay a Gen-
tleman,to be married to the Daughter of a Bur-
gefs ; I think that it ought to be reftrained to
fuch only as profelfed Handycrafts , or thofe
bafer Arts of buying and felling to get their li-
ving by. But to lliew how much the cafe is
now altered for the honour of Tradefmen , it
may be remembred, that Henry the Eighth
thought it no difparagement to him, when he
quitted his Queen, to take Anne the Daughter
of Thomas Bullen, fometime Mayor of London,
to his Wife.

The Statute of JVeflminsler z. chap. 1 . which

was made in the Thirteenth of King Edward
the Firft, was procured especially at the defire
of Gentlemen , for the pngfervation of their
Lands and Hereditaments , together with
their Surnames and Families ; and therefore
one calleth this Statute Gentilitium mumcipa-
le ; and the Lawyers call it Jus Tahatum (£
Tahabile.

The Children only of Gentlemen were
wont to be admitted into the Inns of Court,
and thereby it came to pafs, that there was
fcant any man found (_ in former ages ~) within
the Realm skilful and cunning in the Law, ex-
cept he were a Gentleman born, and came of
a good Houfe ; for they, more than any other ,
have a fpecial care of their Nobility,and to the
prefcrvation of their Honour and Fame : For
Ml thefe Inns of Court are (or at leaftwife
ihouldbe) Vertues fludied, and Vices exiled ;
fo that for the endowment of Vertue, and a-
bandoning of Vice , Knights and Barons, with
other States and Noblemen of the Realm, place
their Children in thofe Inns, though they de-
fire not to have them learned in the Laws, nor
to have them live by the practife thereof, but
only upon their Parents allowance.

You have heard how cheap Gentility is pur-
chafed by the Common Law : but if you look
more ftridtly unto the perfection thereof, you
will find it more honourable; for Gentlemen
well defcended and qualified, have always been
of fuch repute in England , that none of the,
higher Nobility , no nor the King himfelf ,
have thought it any difparagement to make
them their Companions. Therefore I ihall
fet down the priviledges due unto them , ac-
cording to the Laws of Honour, as I find them
collected out of Sir John Feme , Sir William
Segar, Mr. Carter in his Analyfis of Honour ,
and other good Authors : It is thus found.

The Priviledges of the Gentry.

i. T~)R° honore fuflineudo; If a Churle or

1 Peafant do detract from the honour of
Gentleman, he hath a remedy in Law, atlione
injur 1 arum ; but if by one Gentleman to ano-
ther , the Combat was anciently allowed.

2. In equal Crimes a Gentleman lhall be pu-
nifhable with more favour than the Churle,
provided the Crime be notHerefie, Treafon, or
exceflive Contumacy.

The many Obfcrvances and Ceremonial
Refpects.that a Gentleman is and ought to be
honoured with by the Churle or Ungentle.

4. In giving Evidence, the Teltimonyof a
Gentleman is more authentick than a Clowns.

5-.' In Election of Magiurates and Officers
by Vote, the Suffrage of a Gentleman fhould
take place of an Ignoble Perfon.

6. A Gentleman lliould be excufed from bafe
Services , Impofitions and Duties both Real
and Perfonal.

7- A

Chap XXVI.

7. A Gentleman condemned to death ought I
not to be hanged, but beheaded, and his Exa- I
mination taken without Torture.

8. To take down the Coat- Armour of any
Gcntleman , to deface his Monument, or offer
Violence to any Enhgn of the deceafed Noble,
is as to lay buffets on the face of him if alive ,
and puniihment is due accordingly.

9. A Clown may not Challenge a Gentle-
man to Combat, quia conditions rmpares.

Many other are the Priviledges due to Gen-
tlemen, which I forbear to repeat,referring the
Reader to the Books before cited.

For the protection and defence of this Civil
Dignity they have' three Laws : The firft, Jus
agnittonis, the right or law of defcent for the I
kindred of the Father's fide : The fecond, Jus
Stirpis,, for the Family in general: The
third, Jus Genttlitatts, a law tor the defcent
in Noble Families, which Tally eftcemed moft
excellent; by which Law a Gentleman of Blood
and Coat-Armour perfectly poliefling Vertue
was onh priviledged.

To make that perfection in Blood, a Lineal
Defcent from At2vus,Troavaf,Avus, and Vo-
ter on the Fathers fide was required; and as
much on his Mothers line j than he is not only
a Gentleman of perfect: Blood, but of his An-
cellors too. The neglect of which Laws hath
introduced other forts of Gentleman, w.s. men
that affume that Dignity, but are neither fo by-
Blood nor Coat- Armour: which ityle only hur-
ries them to an unruly pride, which indeed is
but rude and falfe honour, termed by Sir John
Feme Afocriphate, and debarred of all privi-
ledge of Gentility. Thefe Gentlemen nomine
von re, faith he , are the Students of Law ,
Grooms of his Majefties Palace, Sons of Churls
made Priefts or Canons, &c. or fuch as have re-
ceived Degrees in Schools, or born Office in
the City, by which they are ltyled Gentlemen,
yet have they no right to Coat-Armour by
reafon thereof.

157

As to the Student of the Law, Sir J. Feme
allows him the belt affurance of his title of Gen-
tleman of all thefe irregular Gentlemen, -as he
terms them , becaufe he is named infome Acts
of Parliament ; yet (he faith) he is alfo debar-
red of all honour and priviledge by the Law
of Arms.

And anciently none were admitted into the
Inns of Court (as before noted) but fuch as
were Gentlemen of Blood, be their merits ne-
ver fo great: Nor were the Church Dignities
and Preferments bellowed indifferently a-
mongft the Vulgar. The Jews confined their
I'riellhood to a Family ; but Jeroboam debafed
it in his Kingdom, by preferring the bafeft of
his people to the belt of duties. The Ruffians
and fome other Nations admit none to the
ftudy of the Law butGcntlemens younger Sons.
The decayed Families in France are fupported
and receive new life from the Court , Camp ,
Law and Ecclefiaftica! Preferments ; take the
moft folemn and ferious, who contemn the
World ; if fuch are wanting , to fill up their
Vacancies the Ingenioufer fort of xheTlebeans
are admitted : by which means their Church
and State is in efteem and reverence, being fil-
led moft commonly with the beft Blood and
Nobleft by Birth amongft them ; whereas with
us every Clown, that can fpare but mony to
bring up his Son for any of thofe Studies, be-
reaves the Gentry of thofe Benefices, and robs
them of their fupport ; which grand abufe is
the caufe of the general Corruption in the
1 State Civil and Ecclefiaftick ; whereas were
this preferment made peculiar to the Gentry ,
they would ftand more upon their Honour, and
live without being a Burthen to their Relati-
I ons.

The Atchievement of a Gentleman hath no
difference with that of an Efquire, both their
Helmets being clofe andfideways.

Gentlemen.

O F

i 5 8

Part H.

O F

CHAP. XXVII.

H E Yeomen or Common Peo-
ple (for fo are they ca/led of the
Saxon word Zeme?i, w hich fig-
nifies Common) who have fome
Lands of their own to live upon:
For a Cam of Land, or a Plough Land, Was
in ancient time of the yearly value of five No-
bles, and this was the Living of a Stokeman or
Yeoman : And in our Law they are called Le-
gal, homines, a word familiar in Writs and In-
quefts. And by divers Statutes it hath been
enacted, That none mall pafs in any Inquelt
unlefs they had forty fhillings Free-hold in
yearly Revenue, which maketh (if the moil
value were taken to the proportion of moneys)
above Sixteen pounds of currant money at this
prefent : And by the Statute of 27 Eliz.ch.6.
every Juror muft have Forty pounds Lands.
In the end of the Statute made 23 Hen.6.c.i<;.
concerning the Ele&ion of Knights for the Par-
liament, it is ordered and exprefly provided ,
That no man fhall be fuch Knight, Which ftand-
eth in the degree of a Yeoman.

It appeareth in Lambert's Ter ambulation of
Kent, 367. that this Saxon word Telfhtoneman
was given to the Theyne or Gentleman, be-
caufe his li fe was valued at One thoufand two
hundred millings ; and in thofe days the lives
of all men were rated at certain fums of Mo-
ney: To the Churle or Yeoman, becaufe the
price of his head was taxed at Two hundred
ihilhngs. Which things , if it were not ex-

prefly fet forth in fundry old Laws yet extant,
might well enough be found in the Etymology
of the words themfelves , the one called a
Twelve hundred man,wA the other a Tviylund
for a man of Two hundred. And in this Eflate
they pleafed themfelves, infomuch that a man
might (and alfo now may) find fundry Yeo-
men, though otherwife comparable for wealth
with many of the Gentile fort , that will not
yet for that change their condition, nor defire
to be appareled with the title of Gentry.

By the Common Law it may appear in 1
Ed. i.de Mtlitibw, and jHen.6. i<$.a. men
that had Lands to the value of Twenty pounds
I per annum , were compellable at the King's
pleafure to take upon them the Order of
Knighthood; and upon Summons there came
a Yeoman who might expend a hundred Marks
per annum , and the Court was in doubt how
they might put him off ; and at laft he was wa-
ved,becaufe he came the fecond day.

By this fort of men the trial of Caufes in the
Country proceedeth ordinarily ; for of them
there are greater number in England than in
any other place, and they alfo of a more plen-
tiful livelyhood ; and therefore it cometh to
pafs,that men of this Country are more apt and
fit to difcern in doubtful Cafes and Caufes of
great examination and trial, than are men
wholly given to moil in the ground, to whom
that Rural exercife engendreth rudenefs of wit
and mind. And many Franklins and Yeomen

there

Chap.XXVIL

Teomen.

there are fo near adjoyning,as you may make a
Jury without difficulty ; tor there be many of j
them, that are able to expend One ortwohun- J
dred pounds per Annum.

As in the ancient time the Senators of Rome
were elected a Cenfu ; and as with us in confer- ;
ring of Nobility, refpecl is had to their Re-
venues, by which their Dignity and Nobility
may be fupported and maintained. So the
Wifdom of this Realm hath of ancient time
provided, that none fhall pafs upon Juries for
the trial of any matter real or perfonal, or up-
on any criminal caufe, butfuch as betides their
Moveables have Lands for eftate of life at the
leaft to a competent value, left for need or po-
verty fuch Jurors might eafily be corrupted or
fuborned.

And in all Cafes and Caufes the Law hath
conceived a better Opinion of thofe that have
Lands and Tenements , or otherwife are of
w 01 th in moveable Goods, that fuch will com-
mit or omit nothing,that may any way be pre-
judicial to their eilimation, or which may en-
danger their Eftates, than it hath of Artificers,
Retailers, Labourers, or fuch like ; of whom
Tally faith, Nihil frefciuHtun, nifi ad modum
mentiuntur. And by divers Statutes certain
Immunities are given to men ofQuality,which
are denied to the Vulgar fort of People: Read
hereof amongft other, i Jac. cap.izj.

By the Statute of % Hen.q. chap. 27. amongft
other things it is enacted , That no Yeoman
fhould take or wear any Livery of any Lord
upon pain of imprifonment, and to make Fine
at the King's will and pleafure.

Thefe Yeomen were famous in our Fore-
fathers days for Archery and Manhood ; our
Infantry,which fo often conquered the French,
and repuls'd the Scots,were compofed of them,
as are our Militia at prefent,who through want

of ufe and good difcipline are much degenera-
ted from their AnccRors valour and hardinefs.

As the Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy have
certain priviledgcs peculiar to themielves ; fo
have the Commonalty of England beyond the
Subjects of other Monarchs.

No Freeman of England ought to be impri-
foned, outed of his poffeflion, difieifed of his
Freehold, without Order of Lawandjuft caufe
thewed.

To him that is imprifoned may not be deni-
ed a Habeas Corpaji it be defired ; and if no
juft caufe be alledged, and the tame be return-
ed upon a Habeas Corf us, the Prifoner is to be
fet at liberty. By Magna Charta 9 Hen. 5. no
Souldier can be quartered in any Houfe except
Inns, and other publick Viitualling-houfes, in
time of peace, without the Owners confent,
by the Petition of Right , 3 Car. 1. No Taxes,
Loans, or Benevolences can be impofed but by
Adt of Parliament, idem.

The Yeomanry are not to be preft to ferve
as a Souldier in the Wars, unlefs bound by Te-
nure, which is now aboliihed : Nor are the
Trained Bands compelled to march out of the
Kingdom,or be tranlported beyond Sea, other-
wife than by the Law of the Kingdom ought
to be done : Nor is anyone to be compelled td
bear his own Arms, finding one fufficient marl
qualified according to the Ad; aforementioned.

No Freeman is to be tried but by his equals,
nor condemned but by the Laws of the Land.
Thefe and many other Freedoms make them
moft happy ,did they but know it; and fhould
oblige them to their Alegiance to their Prince,
under whofe power and government them-
felves, their Rights and Priviledgcs are pre-
ferved , and quietly enjoyed: yet fuch is the
inconftancy of mens nature , not to be conten-
ted with the blifs they enjoy.

^Jtukard.

S. Thomas

Chivtrton.

■Knight:

in/£3«rf

Knight

a luLLaybnani
of cheTover-

lf r T

p. James

(S r £. oherb

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Clayton,

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S. Fattens

5- John.

Warl

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Jeffreys

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THE

SECOND PART

O F

Honour Civil:

Treating of the

Customs, Government, Privi ledges,
Armorial Ensigns of Honour

OF THE '

City of London.

With the like •

Account of the Cities of England:
Together with the Chief Town Corporate
in each County of England.

L 0 N D ON,
Printed by Samel Roy croft. Anno Dom. M DC LXXVIIL

^■■11 1 • II — -~ — T

]

Chap.I.

i6 n

THE

SECOND PART

O F

Honour Civil:

CHAP. I.

AL L Chronologers and Antiquaries
. do agree,that in the Infancy of the
Worlds Creation, men had no ha-
bitation other than Woods,
Groves, bulhy Thickets, Caves,
and Concavities in Rocks and Sandy Grounds
to fhelter themfelves from the wind and wea-
ther ; which places they fenced about with
flicks, heaps ot ftones , or the like, to pre-
ferve them from ravenous Beafts, which other-
wife would annoy them. Thin by degrees (as
the World increafed, and Inconvenience being
the Mother of Invention) they made them-
felves fmall Hutts ; from Hutts they came to
build Houfes, and to cohabit in Hamlets or Vil-
lages, and from thence fprang up Towns, Ci-
ties, Caftles, and Fortified Places. Then the
Inhabitants of one City or Place waged warr
againft thofe of another , and the Victorious
enlarged their Territories , and made them
their Tributaries ; and thus incrcafing in num-
ber of Inhabitants , formed to themfelves a
Civil Government , and growing in Riches ,
fome ftudied one Art, and fome another, fome
addicted themfelves toTraffick, whilft others
imployed their rime in Martial Affairs. And
what are Cities in thefe our days, but the nur-

fery, habitation , and receptacle of worthy ,
ingenious, wealthy, and munincent brave men;
which made Charles the Quint much to glory
that he was a Citizen of Ghent. And Henry
the Great, in anfwer to a Letter of the King
bf'Spains, wherein he declared his many Ti-
tles, ftyled himfelf only Henry King of France,
and Burg :fs of Taris.

Since then that Cities are of fuch renown,
and the Inhabitants thereof fo fignal in Coat-
Armour, as having fuch a mixture and affini-
ty with the Gentry, it will be neceifary that
in this Treatile we take notice of our Cities
and chief Towns Corporate (being places of
fuch concern to the Nation) as to their Privi-
ledges, Governments , Courts of Judicature,
Magiftrates, their Armorial Badges belonging
as well to the faid Cities and Towns,as to their
fevera! Incorporated Companies in London:
And firft with London.

LONTlON the Metropolis, Miftrefs.and
bravery of all England, the King's Chamber
and Epitomy of the whole Kingdom, of fo
great Antiquity and Fame in other Countreys,
that it wanteth no mans commendation As to
its rife, various are the Opinions of Writers.

r 2 Tlolomy,

162

Honour Civil.

Part II.

Ttolomy, Tacitus, and Antoninus calls her Lon-
dinium , or Longidinium ; others, Augufta,
Troja nova, or Troynovant ; others,Caer-Lud,
and others ©///AT Belin. It is feated no lefs
pleafantly than commodioully on the Banks of
the Thames, which in its hafty (but not rapid)
courfe towards the Sea faluteth its walls , and
payeth its duty to her , dividing it into two
(but unequal) parts , which are again joyned
together by a molt ftately Stone-Bridge , fu-
ftained by nineteen great Arches, and fo fur-
niflied with Houfes , that it feemeth rather a
Street than a Bridge. And beyond the faid
Bridge, the Thames with a deep and fate
Channel, gives entertainment to Ships of ve-
ry confiderable Burthen , which daily bring in
their rich Ladings from the known parts of the
traded World. And if we confider its great
Riches and Traffick with other Nations ; its
Jurifdrition and Bounds, being about twelve or
fifteen miles in Circuit ; its populoulnefs and
ftrength in Men and Ammunition both for Sea
and Land Service; its well Government, both
Civil and Ecclefiaflical; the civility, ingenui-
ty, and experience of its Inhabitants in Let-
ters, Arts, Sciences, Manufactures, and Mar-
tial Affairs ; its ftately Buildings, both publick
and private ; as the Palaces of his Majefty ,
Whitehall, St. James's, and Somerfet-houfes ;
rhe feveral Houfes of the Nobility ; its Courts
of Judicature, and Houfes of Parliament ; its
Collegiate aad other Churches for Divine Ser-
vice ; its Inns of Court and Chancery; its Roy-
al Exchange, built by Sir Thomas Grejham ; its
Cuftome-houfe ; its Tower, which contains a
Palace, a Prifon, Mint, Armory, Wardrobe ,
and Artillery ; its Guild-hall, where the Lord
Mayor and Court of Aldermen meet about the
concerns of the City , and where their Courts
of Judicature are kept ; its Halls for the feve-
ral Companies.; its Colledges and Free-Schools;
its Hofpitals and Alms-houfes ; its Theatres ,
Tennis-Courts, and places of Recreation and
its great plenty of all forts of Provifion which
its Shambles and Markets are ftored with ; it
may be defervedly ftyled the Mijlreji of the
World.

Its Government.

This famous City , when under the Govern-
ment of the Britains, Romans , and Saxons,
was deftroyed by the Katies : but JElfred ,
King of the Weft-Saxons, having reduced the
whole Land to one Monarchy, repaired and re-
peopled it, and committed the cuftody thereof
to his Son in Law AlberedE.ix\ of Mercia, af-
ter whofe deceafe it returned to King Edward,
firnamed thcElder,who had it governed under
him by Tort-Graves, or Tort-Revcs , which
in divers Records are ftyled Vicecomites, Vis-
counties, or Sbertjfs. In the firft of King Ri-
chard the firft, the Citizens obtained to be go-
verned by two Bailiffs or Sheriffs, and after-

wards obtained to have a Mayor for their prin-
cipal Magiftrate, the firft of which was Henry
Fitz-Alwyn a Draper, who was conftituted ,
and lb continued four and twenty years.

The City within the Walls and Freedom
thereof is divided into fix and twenty Wards ,
and the government thereof committed to the
care of as many grave Citizens of good repute
and quality ,which are Aldermen, each of which
having the overfeeing of his refpective Ward.
And befides thefe Aldermen , there are two
Sheriffs which are annually chofen, as alfo a
Lord Mayor, who according to his degree and
feigniority of being Alderman after Sheriff, is

i by the confent of the Citizens (that is the Li-
very-men of each Company) yearly elected ;
and thefe are clothed in Scarlet Gowns , and
wear Gold Chains ; and as Coadjutors, every
'Alderman hath his Deputy of the Ward, as al-
fo Common-Councel-men.

This City by their Charter hath ample and
large Priviledges and Immunities granted unto

! it, which hath been confirmed and enlarged

I by moft of our Kings and Queens ; as the ma-
king of Acts and Ordinances for the regulation
and better government of the feveral Incorpo-
rated Companies, and the Members thereof,

I fo as they are not repugnant to the Law of the
Nation, and detriment of the King ; they have
alfo the power of keeping of Courts, holding
Pleas, Afiizes, and Goal Delivery ; with the
punilnment of Offenders by Fine, Imprifon-
ment, or Death, as occafion requireth. The
Citizens are not conftrained to go out of the
faid City to warr , without an emergent oc-
cafion to fupprefs a Foreign Invafion; they may
pafs Toll-free throughout all England; they
have a Common Seal, and Armorial Enfigns of
Honour ; and for Recreation have Free-warren
or Liberty to hunt about the faid City ; with
many other Immunities too tedious to let
down.

Courts appropriate to the City.

The Hufiings is a Court of great Antiquity
and Concern, being to preferve the'Rights,
Laws, Franchifes, Cuftoms, and Dignities of
the faid City, and is kept by the Lord Mayor
and Aldermen every Tuefday.

The Court of Requefts or Conscience, the
Judges whereof are fome of the Common-
Councel-men, who are monthly chofen by the
Lord Mayor and Aldermen , and fit twice every
week to hear and determine all matters
brought before them (betwixt Frecmen)where
the juft Debt or Dammage doth not exceed
forty millings ; for the proof of which , the
Plaintiff. Oath is fufficient for them to award
the Defendant to pay the fame, either by pre-
fent (or weekly) payment, as the faid Judges
mall think fit ; which fcrttence cannot be avoid-
ed, for it is to be prefum'd, that no man (efpe-
cially of fome repute, which is to be confidered

of)

Chap S.

Honour Civil,

1 6*3

of) will foriwear himfelf forfo fmall a fcmof
money.

The Lord Mayor's Court, being an ancient
Court of Record , held every Tuefday and
Thurfday by the Mayor and Aldermen, and is
to redrefs and corredf. the errors and defaults
which happen in the Government of the City ,
and indeed taketh cognizance of all matters
w'ich concern the City for Receipts and Pay-
ments of money, the granting Leafes, purcha-
iing of Lands,bu.lding and repairing of Houfes,
and the like, and appointing their feveral Offi-
cers to look after the fame.

The two Sheriffs Courts, one tor each Com-
pter, is on Wednesdays and Fridays for Trials
tor Woodflreet Compter, and on Thurfdays and
Saturdays for the 'Poullrey Compter : and each
Court hath its Judge , which is a Lawyer of
good repute, for the hearing and trial of all A-
Ctions brought before them ; but if the Aciion
brought be above j I. it may be by the Defen-
dant removed to a higher Court. And to thefe
Courts belong four Counfellors , eight Attor-
neys, befides Secondaries, Clerks, Keepers of
the Compters , fixreen Sergeants and their Yeo-
men, with other Sub-Officers.

The Court of Orphans, which medleth with
the Eftates of deceafed Citizens, to provide for
the Orphans until they come to Age,and to fee
that an equal divifion of the Eftate be made ,
the City being their Guardians.

The Court of Common-Councel, much refem-
bling the High Court of Parliament, conti&'mg
of the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen,
which may be termed the Higher Houfe , and
the Common-Councel the Lower Houfe: and
thefe make and conftitute Laws and Ads as a-
forefaid , which are binding to the Inhabi-
tants.

TheCourt of the Chamherlain for the binding
and making free Apprentices, and for the re-
forming grievances betwixt the Mafter and the
Apprentice: and this is an Office of great Truft,
and of fuch Power, that no Apprentice (if not
fworn by him ) can fet up and open Shop ; and
thofe thatdifobey his Summons, he hath pow-
er to Imprifon or Fine. This Office is at pre-
fent committed to the care of Sir Thomas P lay-
er Kt. a Perfon every way fit for fo areat a
Truft.

The Courts of the Coroner and Efcheater
which doth belong to the Lord Mayor.

The Court of -Policies and Affurances for
Merchants.

The Court ofEalmote, which is kept by the
Mailer, Wardens, and Court of Affiftance of
every Company generally every month.

The Court of Wardmote , or Wardmote lu-
qnefi for the whole City, being divided into
fix and twenty Wards,every Ward havina f uc h
an Inqueft confiding of about twelve or fixteen
of the Inhabitants thereof, who meet at every
ChrijlmafS time, and enquire after the Disor-
ders and Abufes of Tradesmen in theirWeights,

Meafur-s, andthehke; and according to their
Mildemeanours they make their Prefer-
ments.

The Sejfions of Oyer and Terminer, and
Goal Del; very of Newgate for the City of
London and County of Middlefe x, holden eve-
ry month at f nil ice-hall in the Old Baity for
the trial of Felons, the Lord Mayor being cheif
Judge, and hath power of Reprieving.

The Court for the confervation of the Wa-
ter, and Rivers of Tihimes and Medzvay.

The Court of the Tower , held within the
Verge ot the City before the Steward by Pre-
fcnption, of Debt, Trefpafs, and other Acti-
ons.

There is no Magiftrate in Europe that liveth
in greater ft ate, and hath more power than the
Lord Mayor of this Ciry, which is evident by
the noble Entertainment given to Strangers ,
and by his great attendance both at home and
abroad : lor befides the abundance of inferiour
Officers, he hath his Sword-Bearer, Common
Hunt, Common Crver, and four Water Bai-
liffs, which by their places are Efquires ; then
the Coroner, three Sergeant-Carvers, three
Sergeants of the Chamber, a Sergeant of the
Channel, four Yeoman of the Water-fide, the
Under-water- Bailiff , two Yeoman of the
Chamber, with divers others.

The publick Officers belonging to this City
are the t>vo Sheriffs, the Recorder, the Cham-
berlain , the Common Sergeant , the Town
Clerk, and the Remembrancer, who by their
places are Efquires.

The Sheriffs (who are perfons of repute and
ability) are annually by the Commons (that is
the Livery-men of each Company) in formali-
ty chofen on Midfomer-dzy ,- and the day after
MichaebriafS the Lord Mayor and Aldermen
go with them to the Exchequer-Chamber at
Weftminfter, where they are prefented and
fworn, and the two old Sheriffs alfo fworn to
their Accounts.

On Simon und'Judes day the old Lord Mayor
being attended with the Aldermen and Sheriffs
in their formalities, go to the Hustings Gun,
where the Lord Mayor elect taketh his Oath ,
and receiveth from the Chamberlain the Scep-
ter, the Keys of the Common Seal, and the
Seal of the Mayoralty , and from the Sword-
Bearer the Sword, all which according to cu-
ftom he delivereth.to them again. On the day
following in the morning, the old Lord Mayor,
with the Aldermen and Sheriffs , attend the
Mayor elect from his Houfe to Guild-h u'lfiom
whence in their formalities they go tothe/ 7 /;:-
trey , and take Barge to lFeftmir.jter, being at-
tended by the Liverv-mcn of divers of the
Companies in their Barges, which are bedeck-
ed with Banners, Pennons, and Streamers of
their Arms, ckc which with their Mufick makes
a pleafing ihow. Being come to IVeitmtnder-
hatt, having faluted the Judges, they go up to
the Exchequer Barr , where the Lord Mavor

taketh

164

tikethhiloTth, and after fome ufual Ceremo-
ny in the Hall and at the Abby, m feeing the
Tombs, they return to their Barges , and are
rowed back to Wow.&bewg landcd,go to the
Guild. hall in great pomp, where a molt ltate-
ly Dinner is prepared, as well for the Lord
Mayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs, and the feveral
Companies, as for the Nobility , Judges and
Gentry that are invited to the faid Feaft.whicb.
oft-times is graced with the Royal Pretence s ot
their Maicfties the King and Queen arid the
Duke of Tori, «f. The Ceremony of the day
being ended, the Lord Mayor is attended to
his Houfe , where he liveth in great g™dure
during his Mayoralty , looking alter the Affairs
of the City , to whofe fatherly care the Go-
vernment thereof is committed-

Thefe, with other Ceremonies in the elect-
ing and (wearing the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs
being largely treated of in Stow s Survey, and
Hovel's londinenfis, I forbear to fpeak further
of them here, but referr the Reader.

A Lift of the Names of the Lord Mayor,
Aldermen, and Sheriffs that for tbu frf
lent year 1678. have the government of
this Honourable City, with the Names of
the fix and twenty Words to which the
faid Aldermen do belong, viz.

THe Right Honourable Sir James Edwards
1 Kt. Lord Mayor, and Alderman Candle-
wick Ward.Sir RichardChivertonoithe Ward
of Bridge without , Kt. Sir Thomas Men oi
Aldrate Ward, Knight and Baronet, Sir John
Frederick of Coleman- flreet Ward,Kt.Sir John
Robinfon of Tower freet Ward, Knight, Baro-
net, and Lieutenant of the Tower of London ,
Sir John Laurence of Queen-hith Ward, K.t.
Sir Thomas Bludworth of Alderfgate-ftreet
Ward Kt. Sir William Turner of Caftle-Bay-
w/ward,Kt. Sir George Waterman of
Brides Ward within, Kt. Sir Robert Hanfon of
BafinsJhaw Ward, Kt. Sir William Hooker of
Cornhill Ward, Kt. Sir Robert Vyner oi Lang-
born ward , Knight and Baronet , Sujofefh
Sheldon of Bifliofs-gatc ward,Kt. Sir Thomas
T) ivies of Farendou ward without , Kt. Sir
Francis Chaplin of the Vintrey ward, Kt. Sir
Robert Clayton of Cheap ward.Kt. Sir Tatience
War d til Farendou ward within, Kt. Sir John
Moore of Walbrook ward,Kt. Sir William Tri-
chard of Bread-ftreet ward , Kt. Sir Henry
Tulle of Bread-ftreet ward , Kt. Sir James
Smith of Tortfoken ward, Kt. Sir Nathaniel
Heme of Billinglgate ward, Kt. Sir Robert
Jeffreys of Cordwainer ward , Kt. Sir John
Shorter of Cripple-gate ward, Kt. Sir Thomas
Gold of Dowgate ward, Kt. and Sir William
Rawfforne of Limeftreet ward, Kt.The Sheriffs
for this year are Sir Richard How and Sir John
Chapman, Knights.

Honour Civil.

Part 11-

Having thus in brief treated of the Govern-
ment of the City, with their Immunities, Pri-
vileges, Courts of Judicature,?^, in general,
in thenext place we will treat ot each particu-
lar Incorporated Company, as Stems thereof.
And firft with the feveral Companies ot Mer-
chants next with the twelve chief Companies
out of which the Lord Mayor is to be Annually
chofen, and fo end with the other Companies,
as Stars of a lefs magnitude.

The EaH-lndia Company , though not the
ancienteft, yet the moft honourable and emi-
nent, was hrft Incorporated in the year
of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth , and iince
confirmed, with divers other Pnviledges added
to their Charter by fucceeding Kings, having
now power of making Ads and Ordinances,
fo as not repugnant to the Law of the Land or
detriment of me King, tor the good and well
government of the faid Trade and Company;
like wife power to hear and decide Caufes, and
to implead, fine, and punilli Offenders as they
pleafe ; to raife and maintain Souldiers in their
Fa&or'ies , and to man out Ships of warr for
their further fecurity , for warr offenfive as
well as defenfive , as occafion requireth ; alfo
the ufing of a Seal , and the bearing of a Coat
of Arms , as it is depicted in the Efcocheon of
Arms of the feveral Companies of Merchants.

This Company is managed by a joynt flock,
which makes them potent, eminent, and rich,
and is found feveral ways to be very advanta-
geous to the Kingdom ; asm their building of
Ships, in the imploying and maintaining of
thoufands , not only in their Ships, but in their
Plantations and Factories, as at Surat,Ca.mbava,
Bambay,Curwar,Baticale, Calicut, hort St.
George , Ventapoli , Mufttlifatan , Ougeiy ,
Gonro, Bantam in the Indies, Ormus in Ter-
fia with fome other places of lefs concern.
And to their Prefidents, Factors, and other Ser-
vants they allow good Salaries, and are raifcd
to higher preferments, with greater Salaries,
as their merits deferve. And the great Trade
that they drive to thefe places, exporting fuch
vaft quantities of our Manufactures and Com-
modities, and importing fo many fundry and
rich Commodities, cannot but make them to
be very beneficial to the Nation.

This worthy Company, tor the better nego-
tiation of their Affairs, is governed by a Go-
vernour, Deputy-Governour, and Committee
confuting of four and twenty, who about the
midft of April are Annually elected by the Ad-
venturers of the faid Company, 01 which there
muftbe eight new ones always chofen, and
thefe meet at theirHoufe in Leaden-hau- ,'rcet
London, (called the Eaft-Iudia Houfe} gene-
rally twice a week , and keep Court! tor the
negotiation of their Affairs.

The

Chap.I.

Honour Civil.

\6:

The government of this Company for this
prefent year 1678. is committed to the care of
Sir Nathaniel Heme Kt. Governour , Major
Robert Thomjon , Deputy-Covernour, and to
the Right Honourable George Lord Berkeley ,
Sir Samuel Barnadifton, Sir John Banks, Baro-
nets, Sir Willi am Thorn (on, Six Stephen White,
Sir James Edwards, Sir John Moore, Sir John
Lethulier, Knights, Jofia Child, John Jolliff,
John Bathnrft, Col John Clarke, James Honk-
Ion, Samuel Meyer, Charles Thorold, Thomas
Tapillon, Efquires ; Mr.Chriflopher Boone,Mr.
Thomas Cauham, Mr. Jofeph Herne,Mr. Natha-
niel Letton , Mr. John 'Page , Mr. Ed-ward
Rudge, Mr. Tlaniel Sheldon, and Mr. Jeremy
Sambrook, Afliftants.

The Levant or Turky Company of Merchants,
which by their Difcovery made the firft Trade
into the Seigniory of Venice, and then into the
Dominions of the Grand Seignior, and inclu-
ding the Trade of the Eafl-lndies, which as
then was undifcovered to us by Sea,their goods
being brought upon Camels and Afs-negroes to
Aleppo and other parts of Turky : but fince
the difcovery of the Indies by Sea, the Trade
of this Company is fomething eclipfed for
thofe Commodities which are now brought us
by the Eafi-India Company.

The benefit that arifeth to this Nation from
this Company, befides the imploying fo many
Ships and Seamen, is in the Exporting and Im-
porting of fo many rich Commodities, and in
particular, Clothes both died and dreft, at the
leaft thirty thoufand pieces yearly,Kerfies,Lead,
Tinn, Iron', Steel, Wire, Pewter, Furrs, pieces
of Eight, Sugar, Hides, Elephants-teeth, Bra-
fill, red and white Lead, Indico , Logwood ,
Couchaniel, Callicoes, Spices, and feveral In-
dian Commodities. And for thefe they Import
raw Silks of Terfia, Damajcus, Tripoli,^, alfo
Camblets, Grograins, Grograin-yarn, Mohairs
of Angor, Woolls, Cottons , Cotton-yarn of
Smyrna and Cyprus, Galls of Mofolo and Toe-
cat, the Coralls and Oyls of Zant,Zefalonia,
Morea,Uc. the Drugs of Egypt and Arabia,
alfo Turky-Carpets , Cordovants, Box-wood,
Rhubarb,Worm-feed, Sena,Cummin-feed,with
feveral other rich Commodities.

This worfhipful Company of Merchants was
firft Incorporated in the Reign of Queen Eli-
zabeth, and fince confirmed by her Succeffors,
and have ample Priviledges and Immunities
granted unto them ; as making of Laws and
Orders for the well government of the faid Fel-
lowfhip, power of deciding Controverfies
which arife in the faid Company as to their
Trade, giving Oaths, impofing Fines, or im-
prifoning of Offenders according to their dis-
cretion , the ufing of a Publick Seal , and the
bearing of a Coat of Arms, as is fet forth in the
Efcocheon of Arms aforefaid.

And for the better management of the Af-
fairs of this Honourable Company , they are

[ governed by a Governour, Dcputy-Governour,
I and Court of A/liftants, confiit.ngof 18, who in
the Month of February are Annually chofen.
by a general Confent , out of the Members of
I the faid Company , and thefe meet and keep
I Courts monthly, weekly, or as oft as their oc-
i cafions require, for the management ofthecon-
1 cerns of the faid Society ; as binding and ma-
I king free, electing and fending over Confuls ,
Vice-Confuls, Factors and Servants to Conftau-
timple, Smyrna, Aleppo, Cyprus, and fuch pla-
ces where theirFactones are kept.

The management of the Affairs of this Ho-
nourable Company, for this prefent year 1678.
is committed to the care and prudent govern-
ment of the Right Honourable George Lord
Berkeley of Berkeley, whofe worthy parts and
great love to Traffick makes him every way
fo fit for it , that the Company for thefe feve-
ral years paft, have by an unanimous confent
elected his Lordfliip their Governour , John
Buckworth Efq; Deputy, Mr. John Harvey
Treafurer, Mr. Thomas Vernon Husband, Sir
John Lethulier Kt. Charles ThoroldEdy John
Morden Efq; Mr. Thomas Tilkiugtou, Mr. Ri-
chard 'Toulter, Mr. Henry Griffttlj,Mr.Jolm Mo-
rice, Mr. Richard Onflow, Mr. Thomas Har-
tofp, Mr. Walter Coventrey^Ar William Hedg-
es, Mr. Jasper Clotterbook , Mr. Abraham
Weffell , Mr. Richard Nicol , Mr, Bernard
Saltonftatt, Mr. George Carezv.

The Ruffia or Mofcovy Company of Merchant
Adventurers for difcovery of new Trades, was
firft Incorporated in the beginning of theReign
of King Vhilip and Queen Mary , upon the
Difcoveries of Lands, Territories, Seigniories,
and Ifles by Seas lying Northwards , North-
eaftwards, and North- wefhvaids from Eng-
land, and was afterwards confirmed by Act of
Parliament in the eighth year of the Reign of
Queen Elizabeth,io that now they enjoy feve-
ral Immunities and Priviledges; as to raife
Armsfortjiefubduingof Countreys in the li-
mits aforefaid , and to enter thereon , and fet
uptheEnglifh Standards; to make Acts and
Ordinances for the good of the faid Society, fo
as they are not repugnant to the Laws of the
Kingdom ; to punifh Offenders by Fine or Im-
prifonment, to ufe a Common Seal , to bear a
Coat of Arms, &c. as is here depicted.

The Commodities that this Company Ex-
porteth are, woollen Clothes both died and
j dreifed of all forts, Kerfies , Bayes, Cottons ,
Perpetuances, Fuftians, Norwich Stuffs, Lace,
Thread, Lead, Tinn, Pewter, Allom, Cop-
per, much defective Wines and Fruits, not fit
to be fpent in this Kingdom, with raoft forts of
Englifh Goods. And lor thefe and the like they
Import Pot-afhes, Tarr, Cordage, Cable-yarn,
Tallow, Wax, Ilinglafs, feveral forts of Hides
in the Hair , Goat-skins undreft, Cordovants ,
tan'd Hides, Hogs-brifiles, raw Silk, Linfeed ,
Slod, Bever wooll and wombs, feveral forts of
rich Furrs , Seal-skins, Rhuberb, Caftorum, A-

garick,

i66

Honour Civil.

Part IJ.

garick,Train-oyl,Flax, Hemp, Linen, Caviare,
Salmon, Stockhfli, Cod h 111, &c.

This worlhipful Company of Merchants is
governed by a Covernour, four Confuls, and
Affiftants confifting of four and twenty, who on
t he firft of March are Annually chofen out of
the Members of the faid Society : and for this
prefent Year 1677. the management thereof is
committed to the care of John Jolliff Efq; Go-
vernour, Sir Benjamin Ayloff' Baronet, Samu-
el Mover Efq;Cbarles ThoroldEdy, Mr. Charles
Carill Confuls, to Mr. Edward Be //Treafurer,
and to John Gould Efq; Mr. Daniel Edwards,
Mr. Benjamin Glanvile , Mr. James Toung ,
Mr. Benjamin-Colds, Mr. George Grove, Mr,
Francis Pargiter , Mr. George Carew , Mr.
Heritage Lenten, Captain Gervafe Loci, Mr.
Edward Grace , Mr. Thomas fhursby, Mr. •
Thomas Hancox, Mr. John AJLby, Mr. Richard
Adams, Mr. Edward T) avenport, Mr. Thomas
Hawes. Mr. George Cooks, Mr. Gilbert Ward,
Mr. Jofeph Wolfe, Mr. John Porter, Mr.
JohuCifboruefind Mr.Joh/i 'Penning Afliftants,

The Eiiflland Company, firft Incorporated
in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth , and con-
firmed by King Charles the Second,and by their
Charter have ample Immunities and Privi-
ledges granted to them, and as large a fcope to
traffick in, including the Trade of the King-
doms, Dominions, Dukedoms, Countreys, Ci-
ties, and Towns of Norway, Swedeland, and
'Poland, with the Territories of the faid King-
doms, as alfo in Lettow, Li ffland, and Tomer-
land, from the River Oder a Eaftwards , and
Jikewife in thelflesof Findland, Eoland , and
Berutbolme within the Sound.

The Commodities by this Company Export-
ed are, Woollen Clothes, Perpetuances, Ker-
fies, Serges, Norwich Stuffs, Cottons , Lead ,
Tinn, Pewter, Stockins, Hats, Gloves, toge-
ther with feveral Southern and Eaftern Com-
modities , as Sattins, Silks, Spices, &c. and the
Commodities by them Imported are, Deals,
Mails, Timber, Oars, Balks, Clapboards, Bom-
fpars, Cant-fpars, Fipe-ftaves, Wainfcot, and
Quarters, Flax, Hemp, Linen-cloth, Fuftians,
Cordage, Cable-yarn , Pitch , Tarr, Tallow ,
Hides, Pot-afhes, Wheat, Rye , Iron, Lattin,
Copper, Steel, Wire , Quickfilver, rich Furrs,
Buck-skins,Train-oyl, Sturgeon, Stock-filh,Ma-
ther , with feveral other good Commodi-
ties.

For the management of the Affairs of this
worlhipful Company , they are governed by j
a Governour, Deputy-Governour, and Court |
ot Afliftants , confiding of four and twenty, I
who are yearly elected out of the Members of J
the faid Society in the month of OBober, and 1
keep their Courts for the management of the j
concerns of the faid Company as others do, )
having alfo large Immunities granted unto
them.

The prefent Governour for this Year

1678. is Sir Richard Chiverton Kt.Governour,
Francis Asiy Efq; Deputy-Govunour , Ran-
dolph Knipe Treafurer, ^ir Benjamin Ayloffe,
Edward hilton Senior, Efq; John Dvgget Efq;
Nathaniel Tench Efq; Peter Rich Efq; Mr.
Thomas Canham, Mr. Henry Moody, Mr. Edw.
Bilton Junior, Mr. Samuel Feake, Mr. William
Rivett, Mr. Hugh Upton, Mr. William Nutt,
Mr. William Cooper, Mr. John Mathews, Mr.
Oliver Wefiland, Mr. Edward Harwell, Mr.
Abraham Weffel, Mr. Jofeph Martm,Mr. Tho-
mas Phi Ipe, Mr. Thomas Warren, Mr. Willi am
Taylor, and Mr. John Sayer Afliftants.

The Royal Affrican Company of England
was by his Majeflies great prudence .and care ,
for the general good of this Nation, and of his
Foreign Dominions and Plantations,erectcd in-
to a Company, and is likely to piove the moft
beneficial Trade that belongs to his Crown, as
well by the Commodities Exported and Impor-
ted, as by the Negro Trade.

The Goods of Englilh growth Exported are,
Sayes , Perpetuances , Broad-clothes , Wellli-
plains , a:;c! ether Woollen Manufactures in
great abundance , befides quantities of other
Englilh Goods and Stuffs ; the large confumpti-
on whereof doth not only enable the Tenant
the better to pay his Rent, and maintain his
Family, but alfo fets many thoufands of poor
people at work , in making, dying, and dref-
ling of thefe Stuffs and Clothes : And together
with thefe Goods of Englilh growth , are alfo
fent vaft quantities of Foreign Goods , chiefly
imported by our EaiJ-India Company , by
which his Majefties Cuftomes, the wealth of
his People, and the Navigation of this King-
dom are much encreafed.

The Foreign Commodities Imported are ,
Gold, Elephants-teeth, Wax, Hides, and other
Commodities almoft all as gosd as gold.

And as to the benefit of the Negro Trade ,
it is fuch, that by it all the American Plantati-
ons are yearly furnilhed with great quantities
of Slaves, not elfewhere to be had ; by whofe
labour, and the Planters induftry,the King and
his People are very much enriched.

The bounds of this Companies Trade arc
large, viz. from Sally in South-Barbary to
Cape Bona Efperanza inclufive.

The Voyage out and home is fliort, ufually
within the compafs of a year, ^any fhips and
feamen are conltantly employed in the Compa-
nies Service ; who for the fecuring their Trade,
have at a very great expence (.reefed feveral
Forts and Factories all along the Coaft of Gtti-
ny , without which the Trade cannot po/Iibly
be preferved to this Nation ; and for that very
reafon this Trade cannot be managed but by a
Company and a joynt Stock; for no private
perfon will undergo the Charge of Forts and
Factories abroad, befides fuch as Venture one
Voyage, and perhaps no more, do ufually con-
fult the cheapeft way in their Exports, and will

not

Chap. I.

Hoiiokr Civil.

not have that care to fend fb good and mer-
chantable Commodities as a Company who are
conftantly to trade thither will , who are ob-
liged fo to do, as well for fupporting the cre-
dit of their trade, as for bringing our. Englifh
Manufactures into a better reputation than
thofe of our Neighbours, which this Company
hath really effected in feveral Commodities
formerly bought in Holland, as Sayes, Mof-
kets, Knives, &c. being now all Exported of
our own make.

" And of this difference in and between the
Commodities fent by the Company, and thofe
font by private Traders, the Natives of Gftiuy
(who are a fagacious people) are very fenfible
by the ill-dealings they have met with in
that kind from fome private Traders , which
hath been a thing very difadvantageous to our
Englifh Manufactures and Trade: but thefe
milchiefs have been removed ever fince his
Majefties fettling the Trade in a Company,
with prohibition to all fuch interloping Tra-
ders.

This Company confifteth of a Governour
(who is his Royal Highnefs James Duke of
Tori, the very life of the faid Company under
his Sacred Majefty) a Sub-Governour, Deputy-
Governour, and a generality mixt of divers
Noblemen , honourable Perfons and eminent
Merchants , to the number of about two hun-
dred , out of which are Annually chofen by
Vote at a general Court four and twenty Affi-
ftants, of whom any fix with the Governour,
Sub-Governour, or Deputy-Governour, make
a Court, which by their Charter dated Seft.zy.
i6yz. is called a Court of Afliftants, and inil
powered for the well ordering and governing
of the Affairs of the faid Company , fubjedl
neverthelefs to a general Court when occafion
requireth.

The management of the Affairs of this Ho-
nourable Company for this Year 1678. is com-
mitted to th prudent care and government of
his Royal Highnefs, Governour, Sir Gabriel
Roberts, Sub-Governour, Benjamin New/and
Efq ; Deputy-Governour. Twenty four Af-
fiftants, viz. Sir John Banks Knight and Ba-
ronet, Sir Thomas Bludworth Knight and Al-
derman, Mr. Benjamin Bathurft, William Earl
oi~ Craven, SxTeter Colleton Knight and Baro-
net, Mr. Roger Chaff el, Mr. Samuel Da/hwood,
Thomas Lord Vifcount Fauconberg , Edward
Hofegood Efq; Mr. Teter Joy, Sir Andrew
King, Mr. John Mead,Sir John Mathews ^Ax.
Nicholas Mead^Ax.TIoomas Nichols,Lawrence
duTny, Efq; Mr. Teter Troby, William Ro-
bert- Efq; Mr. Edward Rudge , Col. John
Searle, Mr. Benjamin Skutt, Sir William Tur-
ner Knight and Alderman, Mr. Thomas Vtrnon
Mr. William Warren.

The Coat of Arms and Motto belonging to
this Company is alfo depicted in the Plate of
Arms of the Companies of Merchants.

I67

The Company of Mer*
cers, being the primier
Company in London ,
was Incorporated into
a Fraternal Society in
the feventeenth of King
Richard the Second, and
hath ample Privdedges
and Immunities granted
unto them; as holding of
Courts for the negotia-
tion of their Affairs.&c.
and have their Hall or place of meeting, a
thing accuttomary to all other Societies in Lon-
don. They have a common Seal. And the Ar-
morial Enfign of Honour given them to bear
and difplay on their Banners is, Gules, ademy-
Virgin, her hair difhevel'd, crowned , iffuing
out, and within an Orle of Clouds, all proper.
To this Company Sir Thomas Grejham, a wor-
thy Member thereof, was a liberal Benefactor,
giving them and the City of London the Royal
Exchange , witli all the Buildings thereto be-
longing , upon trufl that they mould perform
as in his Will and Tellament is declared , viz.
That the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen
fhall find four to read Lectures of Divinity
Aftronomy, Mufick, and Geometry within
Grejham Colledge (a large Structure alfo given
unto them) and to give to each Reader jo/.
per Annum; and the Company of Mercers to
find three Readers in the fame place, -viz. for
the Civil Law , for Phyfick, and Rhetorick ,
with the yearly ftipend of yo /. a piece; which
gift hath been fince confirmed by Act of Par-
liament ; where every day (except Sundays )
in the Term time the faid Lectures are
read.

This worfhipful Company (as indeed all ci-
thers are ) is governed by a Matter, Wardens,
and Court of Afliftants.

The Company of
Grocers , Incorporated
in the twentieth Year of
King Edward the third,
beareth for their Coat-
Armour, Argent.a Che-
veron , Gules, between
nine Cloves, Sable.

The

:68

Honour Civil.

Part ii-

The. Company of
"Drapers , incorporared
in jtpw fevenreenth of
King Benry the fixth,
beareth Azure, three
Clouds radiated, proper,
each adorned with a tri-
ple Crown , Or. This
CoWany is not a little
dignified by having Sir
Henry Fit z- AliEW Kt.
rtoblc by birth, a brother
of their Company , who was the firlt Lord
Mayor of this City, in which Dignity he con-
tinued four and twenty years and a half.

The Company of Jj/h-
tmigers were incorpo-
rated in the eight and
twentieth of King Henry
the Eighth into one bro-
therhood, being before
two Campanies^/^.the
Stock-fijlmongers , and
the 'Salt-pflrmongers.
They bear for their
Coat-Armour, Azure, 3
Dolphins naiant in Pale
between two P^r of Lucies Saltire-ways pro-
per, crowned, Or, oil a Chief, Gules, three
couple of Keys croiled as the Crowns.

The Company of Gold-
Jmiths, incorporated in
the fixteenth of King I
Richard the Second , j
beareth quarterly Gules j
and Azure , in the firft j
and fourth a Leopard's
head, Or, in the fecond
and third a Cup cover-
ed between two Buckles
of tholaft. - • .

, '* .Mi

The Company offe/*»
■ners were incorporated
in the firft of King Ri-
chard the Second. Th^i*
Coat-Armour is Ermyn ,
on a Chief, Gulesfthjtfe
Crowns, Or, witn-Caps
thereunto of the firft.
This Company , hath
been highly enobled by
having of their Society
fix Kings, five Queens, one Prince, nine Dukes,
two Earls, and one Lord.

The Company of Mer-
chant-Tay/ors, incorpo-
rated in the ieventeenth
of King Henry the Se-
venth, beareth Argent,
a Tent-Royal between
two Parliament Robes,
Gules, lined, Ermyn, on
a Chief, Azure, a Lion
paiTant guardant, Or.
This Company hath al-
fo been dignified by ha-
ving of their Fraternity eight Kings, eleven
Dukes, thirty Earls, and four and forty Lords.

The Company of Ha-
berdajhers were incor-
porated into a Brother-
hood of St. Katharine
in the fix and twentieth
of King Henry the Sixth,
and were confirmed in
the feventeenth of King
Henry the Seventh, and
named The Merchant
Ha&erdaftjers.ThtCoat-
Armour belonging to them is, Nebule of fix,Ar-
gent and Azure, on a Bend, Gules , a Lion paf-
fant guardant of England.

The Company of Sal-
ters beareth for their
Coat- Armour, per Che-
veron, Azure and Gules,
three covered Salts, Or,
Sprinkled, Argent.

The Company of Iron-
mongers , incorporated
in the third of King Ed-
ward the Fourth, bear-
eth Argent, on a Cheve-
ron, Gules , between 3
Gads or pieces of Steel,
Azure, as many pair of
Shackles or Manicles,
Or.

The

Chap II.

Honour Civil.

i$9

The Company of Vint-
ners, incorporated in the
Reign of King Edward
the Third, beareth Sa-
ble^ Cheveron between
three Tuns, Argent.

The Company of Cloth-
workers , incorporated
in the

beareth Sable,
a Cheveron, Ermyn, be-
ween two Habicks in
Chief, Argent, and a
Telle] in bale, Or.

The Company of Dy-
ers, incorporated in the
nine and fortieth of
King Henry the Sixth ,
beareth Sable, a Cheve-
ron engrailed , between
three Madder-baggs ,
Argent, banded or cord-
ed, Or.

jag The Company of
■™ Brewers, incorporated
in the fixth of King
Henry the Sixth, bear-
eth Gules , on a Cheve-
fon, Argent, between
three pair of Garbs Sal-
tire- ways , Or, three
Tuns or Barrels, Sable.

The Company of
LeatherJcUers, incorpo-
rated in the fixth of
King Richard the Se-
cond, beareth Argent ,
three Bucks trippant re-
guardant, Gules,

The Company of
Barber- Cbirurgeons ,
were incorporated in
the Reign of King
Edward the Fourth.
They bear for their
Coat-Armour, divided
by St. George's Crofs,
thereon a Lion of Eng-
land , quarterly, the
firftand fourth, Sable^
a Cheveron between
three Fleams, Argent ;
the fecond and third per Pale, Argent and Vertj
aRofe,Gules, crowned and feeded,Or.

The Company of A-
fothecaries beareth A-
zure, Apollo in his glo-
ry , with Bow in one
hand and Arrow in the
other , beftriding the
Serpent Tython,%\\ Or.

Thus having briefly treated of the City of
London the Metropolis of the Kingdom, with
fome of the chief Incorporated Companies,
our next bufmefs fhall be to treat of the Cities
in England, with the principal places or Shire-
Towns in every County.

Ya CftAP

Honour Civil.

Part ii.

chap. ir.

7 reats of the Cities of England ,
with the Shire or chief Town
Corf or ate in each County ;
and firfl with Berk-
shire,

REAVING, the
chief Town in Bcrk-
Jhire , pleafantly feated
near the Thames , and
on the Kennet , which
with other Rivers that
fall into the Thames,
doth fufficiently water
it. The Town is large,
having three Churches
for Divine worfhip; its
Houfes are well built,
and was once beautified with a fair and rich
Monaftery, and a ftrong Caftle. It is a place
welHnhabited , and enjoyeth a good Trade,
efpecially for its Cloth and Mault. The Town
is incorporated, and governed by a Mayor and
twelve Aldermen , and as many Burgeffes or
Affiftants ; and hath a Steward and other Sub-
Officers ; fends its Reprefentatives to Parlia-
ment : And the Arms is Azure, a King's-head
proper betwixt an R and an E in Fefs, Or, and
four other heads in Saltire, proper.

B ET) FORT), tha
chief Shire-town , well
feated on the Banks,,-of
the River O-Jufe^fftiich
fevereth into, two parts,
but joyned by a fair.
Stone-bridgewhich hath
at each end a Gate-houfe
to obltrudt the paffage
if need requires. It is
a large Town,numbring
five Parifh Churches ;
is well inhabited. It is a Town Corporate ,
which elecleth Burgeffes for Parliament ; and
is governed by a Mayor , two Bailiffs , two
Chamberlains, a Recorder,Town-Clerks, with
other Sub-Officers. The Arms or Armorial
Enfigns of Honour belonging to this Town is,
a demy Eagle with the wings difplayed over a
Caftle upon a Hill, all proper.

BUCKINGHAM,
the County-Town, we'll
feated on the Banks of
the Owje, which almolt
enclofethit, and having
for conveniency of pal-
fage three Stone-budg-
es. It. is a fair , well-
frequented and inhabi-
ted Town. The Town
is governed by a Bail, if,
twelve principal Bur-
geffes, a Steward, &c. and as a Town Corpo-
rate fendeth its reprefentatives to Parliament.
The Arms appropriate to this Town is, party
per Pale, Gules and Sable , over all a Swan ,
Argent, crowned and chained^Or.

C A MB R 17) G E
the chief Shire-Town ,
although the City of E-
sga ly is therein feated. It

^C-3SSJ2£H» is a place of great anti-
quity , and of no lefs
fame and refort for its
Univerfity , which is it
chiefeft. Ornament, be-
ing adorned with fix-
teen Colledges and
Halls. Its Houfes are well built, is a place of
good extent, numbering fourteen Parifh Chur-
ches. The chief Magiftrates are a Mayor and
Aldermen,with Sub-officers; and as a Borough-
Town , fendeth its Reprefentatives to Parlia-
ment, viz. two for the Univerfity, and two for
the Town. The Arms appropriate to this
Town is, Gules , a Bridge with three Wall-
Towers thereon, proper, inChief'a Flower de
Lis, Or, between two Rofes, Argent, and in,
Bafe three Veffels in the water, all proper.

E L T, a City of more antiquity than beau-
ty, being but meanly built, nor well inhabited
or frequented, and would be farr lefs, were it
not the See of aBilhop. It is a place that en-
joyeth ample Immunities; for in the Jfle of
Ely the Bifhop hath all the Rights of a Coun-
ty Palatine, andbeareth chief fway therein,
arid appointeth his Bailiff and other Off-

CHESTER

Chap II.

Honour Civil.

CHEST ER , or
WEST-CHESTER ,
a City of great antiqui-
ty, and pleafant fituati-
ononthe Banks of the
Dee , over which it hath
a fair Stone-bridge. It
is of about two miles in
circuit within its Wall ,
on which are feven
Watch- towers.andgives
entrance by four Gates
and three Pofterns; and of thefe, the Eaftern-
Gate isfaid to be one of the ftatelieft in Eng-
land. Here is a large Caftle ftrongly feated on
a rocky Hill, wherein is the Shire-hall for the
deciding all matters concerning the County
Palatine. This City is • beautified with fair
Buildings , hath ten Parilh Churches befides
its Minlter or Cathedral , is well inhabited and
frequented by Gentry and Tradefmen. The
Government is committed to a Mayor, two
Sheriffs, four and twenty Aldermen, a Record-
er, and other Sub-Officers ; it enjoyeth ample
Immunities, fendeth Burgeffes to Parliament.
The Arms appropriate to this City is , in Pale
dexter, Gules, three demy Lions guardant,
Or; and in the finifter , Azure, two Garbs,
Or.

LAVNSTON, the
chief Town in Cornwall,
feated on a branch of"
the Tamer, a large
Town Corporate , go-
verned by a Mayor and
his Brethren ; and a-
mongft its Immunities
ele<ftethParliament men,
It is a place well inhabi-
_ j . , ted , enjoyeth a good

\ ?A- 1 he morc a! bein S the P lac e where
the Affizes are held. The Arms born by this
lown is, Gules, a Caftle with a Watch-tower
on the top, Or, within a Bordure, Azure,
charged with an Orle of eight Tents Ar-
gent. & '

CAR LISLE,
the chief place in Cum-
berland ? a City of
great antiquity, and well
fituated for the conve-
niency of water. It is
defended by a ftrong
Caftle and Cittadel, and
fenced about with a
ftrong Wall; is graced
with fair and well built
houfes.Scbeautified with
a Cathedral Church of curious workmanffiipjit
enjoys leveral Immunities, fendeth Burgeffes
to Parliament, is governed by a Mayor, twelve

Aldermen, and other Sub-Officers. And the
Coat-Armour belonging to this City is, Argent,
a Caftle between two Rofes, Of, on a Chief;
Gules, a Lion paftant guardant of the fecond ,
the Bafe .wavy, Argent and Sable.

DERBY, the chief
Town in the County fo
called, a very large, po-
pulous, well frequented
and inhabited Borough-
Town , which ele&eth
Parliament men ; is go-
verned by a Mayor , 9
Aldermen, 14 Brethren,
14 Common-Councel ,
a Recorder,Town-Clerk
with other Sub-Officers. The Arms belonging
to this Town is a Hart cumbant upon a Hill in
a Park paled, all proper,

EXETER, the
chief City in Devon-
Jhire , commodiouily
feated on the River Ex,
over which it hath a
fair Stone-bridge. It
isafweetand well com-
pacted City, but of that
largenefs , that within
its Walls and Suburbs ,
which are large, are
numbred fifteen Parifh-
Churches, befides its Cathedral or Minfter, a
fine Structure. It is a place well inhabited and
frequented, erijoyeth feveral Immunities, fend-
eth Burgeffes to Parliament , is governed by a
Mayor, four and twenty Aldermen, a Record-
er, with Sub-Officers. The Arms belonging
to this City are, Party per pale, Gulei and
Sable, a Caftle triple-towred , Or.

BARNSTABLE ,
a Maritine Town in the
North part of Devon-
fhire, fituated in a moll
pleafant Plain, upon the
Banks of the Taw, over
which it hath a long
and ftately Stone-bridge
fuftained by iixteen Ar-
ches, built by one Stam-
ford a Citizen of Lon*
don, having been incor-
porated before the Conqueft, at which time it
was encircled with Walls and Gates, and had
forty Burgeffes within the Walls, and nine
without ; to which was added a Caftle built
by Judhaellof Tottenes , who received many
Revenues in the faid County from William the
Firft, by Clientuary right, which was fince the
Seat of the trades, who were Lords of the faid
Caftle ; which Town , by manv Grants and
Charters,which they had from Henry the Firft

and

172

Honour Civil.

Pare if

and divers fucceeding Rings, is indowed with
many fair Priviledges , and by King Johnwzs
inverted with the Priviledges of the City of
Loudon. It is governed by a Mayor, two Al-
dermen , a Recorder , Deputy-Recorder , all
Tuftices of the Peace ; it hath a Lord High-
Steward , which Office was lad born by h;s
Grace George late Duke of Albemarle. Be-
fides the Mayor, it hath a Councel confifting of
four and twenty Burgelfes , out of whom the
Mayor is yearly chofen : It hath Coroners and
all other Officers within the faid Town; it hath
a Court of Record every Munday fortnight ,
wherein all Actions real, perfonal , and mixt,
may be tried without limitation ; it fends two
Burgelfes to Parliament; it hath in it a great
clothing Trade for the making of that fort of
Drapery, fo well known by the name of Baru-
fiable-Bayes. It is bleffed with a fweet and
wholfomeAir; hath fair and well built Build-
ings altogether of flone and brick ; it hath an
eminent Free-fchool, which hath fent forth ma-
ny worthy men into the Church and Kingdom.
It hath a Market on Fridays, which is very con-
fiderable for Corn, Cattel, Sheep, Woo), Yarn,
and all Provifions. The Government for this
prefent year 1676. is committed to the care of
Mr. Richard Hooper Mayor, Mr. Chriftopber
£to,and Vir. Jobu 'Palmer Aldermen, Ut.Tbo-
mas Mathews, ,Mr. Richard Medford,Mr. Roger
Jeffrey, Mr. William Weft comb, Mr. Arthur
AckLind, Ut. Thomas Cox, Mr. Richard Har-
ris, Mr. Jeffery Webber, Mr. Thomas Cole, Mr.
Lewes Rofter, Mr. Jofeph Frame, Mr. Thomas
Harm, Mr.John Fairechild, Mr.Heitry Drake.
Mr. Rawleigh Clapham, Mr. Richard Ealif-
bury, Mr. Hugh Marjljall, Mr, Edward Stan-
ley, Mr .Thomas Lugg, Mr. John Stevens, Mr.
Thomas Webber, and Mr. Henry Fraine Bur-
gefles. The Coat of Arms belonging to the
Corporation is, Gules, a Caftle, Argent.

DORCHESTER,
the chief Shire-Town ,
pleafantly feated on the
Frome , and on the Ro-
man Caufie, called the
Fofl-way ; a neat com-,
pacted Town, graced
with well built Houfes;
hath three fair Streets ,
and as many Parilh
Churches. Its a Town
Corporate, governed by
two Bailiffs, eight Aldermen a Recorder, ckc.
and hath the election of Parliament men. The
Arms born by this Town is, Gules , a Caftle,
Argent, in its front the Arms of England and
France quartered.

DURHAM, the
chief place in the Bi-
fhopnek , being a City
of good antiquity , and

Qr- ! j* j- jj no lefs pleafantly than

uS>i 1 1 commodiouily feated cn

the River Weare, over
which it hath two large
and fpacious Stone-
Bridges. It is a fair ,
neat , and well compa-
cted City, beautified with fair buildings, which
are well inhabited ; and for Divine worfhip
hath fix Parilh Church.cs befides its Cathedral,
a large ftructure. It is dignified with the See
of aBifhop, and fendeth Burgelfes to Parlia-
ment, The Coat-Armour belonging to this
City is , Azure , a Crofs flory, Or, between
four Lions rampant, Argent,

COLCHESTER , the
principal Town in Effcx,
a place of great antiqui-
ty, and in former times
of no lefs fame than
largenefs, numbring fif-
teen Parilh Churches ,
many of which are now
reduced to ruins , with
abundance of its Houfes.
It is commodioufly feat-
ed on the Colue not far from the Sea, which
doth occafion it to be a place of a good Trade ,
an# to be well inhabited by Tradefmen and
thofe that have relation to Sea affairs. It is a
Town Corporate, which fendeth its Reprefen^
tatives to Parliament ; is governed by two Bai-
liffs, twelve Aldermen, a Recorder, with Sub-
Officers. The Arms appropriate to this Town
is, Azure, a Crofs trunked, Argent, between
three Coronets, Or,

BRISTOL, a City
which next to Loudon
claims the priority of all
others in the Kingdom ;
it is a County incorpo-
rate within it fblf ; is
governed by a Mayor ,
Court of Aldermen ,
Sheriffs, and other Sub-
Officers , and enjoyeth
all Immunities and Pri-
viledges in as ample a
manner as the City of London , being much
one and the fame. It is a City of a fweet and
delightful fituation, is adorned with many fair
and well built Edifices, and its Streets are lo
neatly ordered with Common-ihores under
ground, thatnofilthis tobefeento annoy the
Inhabitants. It is a City of a large extent ,
numbring eighteen Parilh Churches befides its
Cathedral. Its Port is good and commodious

for

Chap II.

Honour Civil.

175

for Slipping, which doth occafion a very great!
trade, and to be well inhabited and frequented I
by Tradefincn and Merchants. The Arms be- j
longing to this City is, Gules, a Cafllc upon a 1
Mill by the Sea fide, and a Helm of a Ship un-
der fail parting by, all proper.

There are belonging
to this City feveral in-
corporated Companies ,
but that of moft note
and repute is the wor-
thy and honourable So-
ciety of Merchant Ad-
venturers , who drive
a confiderable trade to
molt parts of the traded
World, being governed
by a Matter, Wardens,
and Court of Affiftants , having their Hall for
their publick place of meeting for the keeping
of Courts for the negotiation of their Affairs,
having ample immunities granted unto them.
And do bear for their Coat-Armour, Barry wi-
de of eight pieces,Argent and Azure/m a Bend,
Or, a Dragon volant, Vert, on a Chief, Gules,
a Lion palfant guardant, Or, between two
Bcfants.

GLO C ESTER,*
City of good antiquity ,
pleafantly feated on the
Seveme, over which it
hath a fair Stone-bridge.
It is alfo a County with-
in its felf, enjoyeth large
Immunities , fendeth
Burgelies to Parliament,
and is governed by a
Mayer, two .Sheriffs,
twelve Aldermen and Recorder , with Sub-
Officers. The City is not large , yet hath
twelve Parilh Churches befides its Cathedral ,
a fair ftrudture, and is beautified with a hand-
fomc Colledge and many neat Buildings. The
Arms belonging to this City is, Or, three Che-
verons, Gules.

WINCHESTER, the
chief and principal
place in Hant/ljire,be'wg
a City of great antiqui-
ty, and famous in the
times of the Romans ,
Saxons, and Normans ;
the fituation is no lefs
pleafant than commo-
dious ; is about a mile
and a half in circuit
within its Walls, befides
its Suburbs ; and hath five Parilh Churches be-
fides its Cathedral j it en joyeth feveral Immu-
nities and fendeth Burgelies to Parliament.

The Arms belonging to this City is,Sable,thrce
Lilies proper.

SOUTH AMTON ,
a place of good account
in Hantjljire, commodi-
oufly feated on an Arm
of the Sea,which makes
it to be a place of feme
trade. The Town is
large, garnifhed with
well built Houfes ; for
Divine worihip hath five
Parifh Churches; and is
fenced about with a double Ditch and Walls.
It is a Borough Town, en joyeth ample Immu-
nities, fendeth its Pvcprefentatives to Parlia-
ment, and is governed by a Mayor, Bailiffs,
and Burgelfes. Beareth pefFefc, Argent and
Gules, three Rofes counterchanged.

HERTFORD , the
chief Town in the
Couaty fo called , it is
feats! on the Lea, once
a place of a larger ex-
tent, and ot more beau-
ty than at prefent. It is
a Borough Town, eledt-
eth Parliament men, and
is governed by a Mayor,
nine Burgeffes, fixteen
Affiftants, a High Stew-
ard, whb is always a Noble man, a Steward
of the Court of Records , and other Sub-Offi-
cers. The Arms belonging to the Town is, a
Hart in a field, proper,

HEREFORD, the
chief place in Hereford-
shire , being a City of
great Antiquity, and of
a pleafimn fituation. It
is a large place, num-
bring fix Parifli Chur-
ches , and beautified
with well built Houfes.
It enjoyeth large Im-
munities , fendeth Bur-
gelies to Parliament ,
is governed by a Mayor , fix Aldermen , a
Common-Councel , Recorder, &c. The Arms
belonging to this City is, Gules, three Lions
palfant guardant, Or.

HUN-

1 74

Honour Civil.

Pare II,

HUNTINGTON,
well feated on the banks
of the Owfe , over
which it hath a fair
Stone-bridge. It is a very
large and ancient Bo-
rough-Town ,? of good
antiquity ,and of a great-
er extent than now it is,
having formerly fifteen
Parifh Churches, which
time hath reduced to
four. It is governed by a Mayor, Aldermen,
and Burgeffes ; hath the election of Parliament
men ; and beareth for their Arms or Seal a
Huntfman with his Dogg, Staff, &c.

CANTERBURY,
the chief City in Kent ,
a place of great anti-
quity, being faid to be
built nine hundred
years before the birth of
Chrift. It is graced
with divers good build-
ings ; hath lb,r Divine
worihip fourteen Parifh
Churches befides its Ca-
thedral, a fpacious build-
ing. It is governed by a Mayor, Aldermen ,
Recorder , and other Sub-Officers ; enjoyeth
large Immunities , fendeth Burgeffes to Par-
liament , and is well Inhabited and traded un-
to. The Arms of this City is , Gules , three
Martlets, Or, on a Chief, Argent, a Lion paf-
fant guardantof thefecond.

ROCHESTER, alio
feated in Kent , an an-
cient City, nolefsplea-
fantly than commodi-
oufly feated on the
banks of the Meduiay,
over which it hath a
fiately Stone-bridge ,
fufteined by divers Ar-
ches. The City is not
large , having but one
principal Street , which
is well inhabited by Tradefmen. It is govern-
ed by a Mayor, Court of Aldermen, Record-
er, with other Sub-Officers, and hath the ele-
ction of Parliament men. The Arms belong-
ing to them is, Argent, a Crofs, Cules , with
anR in the Center, Or, in Chief, a Lion of
England.

LANCASTER, ples-
fantly feated on the
banks of the Lune, o-
ver which it hath a fair .
Stone-bridge ; a Town
of good antiquity, and
at prefent indifferent
iarge, containing feve»
ral well ordered ttreets;
its Houfes are well
built, but of no great
trade , nor over-well
inhabited. It is a Town Corporate, governed
by a Mayor, two Bailiffs, twelve Brethren ,
four and twenty Burgeffes, two Chamberlains,
a Recorder, &c. and amongft its Immunities ,
fends Burgeffes to P arliament. The Arms of
this Town, Party fer Fefs, Vert and Gules, in
Chief, a Quadrangle of Caftles walled, Ar-
gent , and in a Bafe Lion of England.

LEICESTER, the
chief Shire Town.plea-
fantly feated on the
banks of the Stour ■ a
Town more famous for
its antiquity than beau-
ty , being faid to be
built by King Lear
844. years before the
birth of Chrift. It is
a Borough-Town,fend-
ing its Reprefentatives
to Parliament, and is governed by a Mayor ,
Aldermen, and Sub-Officers. The Arms that
this Town beareth is, Gules, a Cinquefoil pier-
ced, Ermyn,

LINCOLN,pkaknt-
ly feated on the banks of
the Wit bam , where it
divideth it felf into fe-
veral ftreams,and is paf-
fed over by divers Brid-
ges. It is a City of great
antiquity,and hath been
far more fpacious and
magnificent than now it
is ; for ( according to
William of Malmsbury) it was one of the beft
peopled Cities in the Ifland, and contained fifty
Parifh Churches, which now are reduced to fif-
teen. It isatrJrefent a large, well inhabited
and frequented City , enjoyeth a good trade, is
dignified with a See of the Bifhop, enjoyeth fe-
veral Immunities, fendeth Burgeffes to Parlia-
ment, is governed by a Mayor, two Sheriffs,
twelve Aldermen, a Recorder, and other Sub-
Officers; and is a County of it felf, whofe li-
berties extend twenty miles in compafs, and is
called The County of the City of Lincoln. The
Coat-Armour belonging to this City is, Argent,
on a Crofs, Gules, a Flower de Lis, Or.

STAN-

Chap.II.

Honour Civil.

STAMFORD , feat-
ed on the edge of the
County adjoyning to
RutlanJJljire and Nor-
thamftonjhire , from
which it is parted by
the River Wel.uid. It
is a fair, large, and well
built Town Corporate,
containing feveral
ftreets , is beautified
with well built Houfes ; for Divine worlhip
hath fix Parifh Churches, is begirt witli a
Wall, is well inhabited and frequented , and
enjoyeth a good trade,efpecially for Mault here
made in great abundance. The Town is go-
verned by a Mayor , Aldermen , Recorder ,
and Sub-Officers, enjoyeth feveral immunities,
and fends Burgeffes to Parliament. The Coat
of Arms belonging to this Town is, per Pale,
Gules, three Lions palfant guardant, Or , and
Cheeky, Or and Azure.

MONMOUTH, the
chief Town in theCoun-
tyfo called, a place no
lefs pleafantly ,than
commodioufiy feated on
the Rivers Wye and Mu-
now ; a fair, large, well
built, inhabited and fre-
quented Town , enjoy-
ing large Immuuities,
„ ,. . fendeth Burgelfes to

Parliament, is governed by a Mayor.-two Bai-
ling fifteen Common-Councellors, and other
Sub-Officers. The Armorial Enfign of Honour
belonging to this Town is , three Che-

verons, furmounted byaFefs

NO RW I C H,
the chief place in the
County of Norfolk, a
City of great fplendor
and antiquity, which
hath fufficiently with-
ftood the Ihocks of ill
Fortune; notwithstand-
ing itis at prefent a fair,
large, well built, popu-
lous and well frequent-
„ .„ , e d City, numbrins thir-

ty Parifh Churches befides Chappels ; ehrovins
a great trade, efpecially for its Stuffs, Stock-
ings, and other Manufactures here made It
is City which enjoyeth large Immunities ,
fendeth Burgelfes to Parliament, is governed
by a Mayor and other Officers, and is dignified
wrth anEpifcopalSee. The Coat- Armour be-
longing to this City is, Gules, a Caftle triple-
towred, Argent, in Bafe, a Lion of EngLtnd.

NORTHAMPTON,
the chief Shire-Town
pleafantly feated on the
River Nyne, over which
it hath two Bridges : A
large Town numbring
4 Parifh Churches , and
is now (fince the late
fire which almoft con
fumed it to alhes)reple-
niflied with well built
Houfes, being in great likelihood to be more
fplendid than formerly. The Inhabitants en-
joy a very confiderable trade for an inland
Town, efpecially for Leather and Shoes. The
Town is governed by a Mayor, two Bailiffs,
twelve Magiftrates, a Recorder, with Sub-
Officers , enjoyeth ample Immunities , and
fendeth Burgelfes to Parliament. The Coat-
Armour beloning to the Corporation is, Gules,
a Watch-tower on a Hill, proper, fupported by
t wo Lions ramps nt, Or.

TETERBOROW,
a City in Northampon-
Jijire, well feated on the
*%f' River Aufona or Nen ,

*~/7 nSk I over wnicn " hath a
4\ V^, Bridge which leadeth
JJpSSn,^ Jj into Himtinrtonflnre. It
is a City of great anti-
quity, but buffered much
by the deftrudfive hand
of the mercilefs Danes.
It is a place of no great extent , having but one
Parifh Church befides its Cathedral , but is re-
plemfhed with well built Houfe?. Amongft
its Immunities , it fends Burgeffes to Parlia-
ment, is the See of a Billiop , and bearcth for
its Coat-Armour, two Keys in Saltire,

between four crofs Croflets fitchee,

NEWCASTLE,
commodioufiy feated on
the banks of the Tyne ,
over which it hath a
fair Stone-bridge , fu-
ffained by twelve Ar-
ches. It is a large Town,
being about two miles
in circuit, being envi-
roned with a ftrong
thick Stone- wall, which
hath feven Gates for en-
trance, with many round Towers and fquare
Turrets; its Houfes are well built, and its
Streets fair and well ordered ; for Divine wor-
fliip hath four Churches ; is a place very well
inhabited by Merchants and Tradefmen , and
enjoyeth a confiderable Trade both by Sea and
Land, having feveral Veffels belonging to the
Town ; but is of chief note for its Coal-trade
7 for

nononr

for which it is famous. It is a Town well fer"-
ved with Provifions , having two Markets
weekly befides its Shambles. Here is an emi-
nent Grammar School for the education of
Youth. It is a Town and County of it felf,be-
ing incorporate and governed by a Mayor, Re-
corder, ten Aldermen and a Sheriff, withfeve-
ral Officers attending the Mayor, as a Sword-
bearer with a Cap of Maintenance, the Water-
Bailiff with the great Mace,and feven Serjeants
at the Mace; alfo the Town-Clerk,and Clerk of
the Chamber, two Coroners, and eight Cham-
berlains. The prefent Mayor and Aldermen
fortheYear 1676 is, Tho. Jettifon Efq; Mayor,
Six William Blaeket Baronet, Alderman, Sir
Robert Shaftoe K.t. Recorder, Serjeant at Law,
Sir Francis Jaderjon Kt. Mark Milbauk Efq;
Henry Madelif'uu Efq; Henry Brabbant Efq;
Ralph Jeriijbn Efq ; 'Thomas Davijon Efq;
William Carr Efq; Ralph Grey Efq; and Ti-
mothy Davifon Efq; Aldermen, Henry Jenifon
Efq; Sheriff. The Mayor hath his Common-
Councel confuting of fix and thirty. Amongft
the Immunities that this Town enjoyeth, it
fends Burgelfes to Parliament. The Arms be-
longing to the Town is , Gules , three Calf les,
Argent ; their Creft is out of the Battlement of
a Caftle, Argent, a demy Lion rampant , Or,
fuflaining a Flag with St.George's Crofs : their
Supporters are two Sea-horfes, Argent.

Civil.

Part ll-

NO TTINGHAM,
the chief Shire Town ,
of a pleafant lituation ,
a large Town, beautifi-
ed with well built Hou-
fes, hath fair Streets,
and a fpacious Market-
place. It is a Town of
great antiquity, as is e-
videnced by its many
places of remark yet to
be feen. It is a Town
well inhabited and frequented, enjoying a ve-
ry good trade for an Inland Town ; amongft
its Immunities , fends Burgelfes to Parliament,
is governed by a Mayor, fix Aldermen , two
Sheriffs , with Sub-Officers ; and beareth for
their Coat- Armour , Argent , two ragged
Staves in crofs, Vert, between three Coro-
nets , two in Chief, and one in Bafe, Or ,
the ragged Staff in Pale, paffing through the
Coronet in Bafe.

OXFORD; the glo-
rious Seat of the Mules,
a place of great antiqui-
ty , and at prefent a
fair and ftately City ,
adorned with well built
Houfes, and beautified
with divers curious ftru-
cSures ; as the King's
Palace, now the Manor-
Houfe, the fixteen Col-
ledges, eight Halls, the Schools; wherein is a
famous Library , and a ftately Theatre erected
at the fole charge of Gilbert Sheldon late Lord
Arch-bifhop of Canterbury. It is honoured
with anEpifcopal See, fendeth four Burgelfes
to Parliament , two for the Univerfity,and two
for the City, and en joyeth ample Immunities.
It is a large City, numbring fourteen Tarim- .
Churches befides its Cathedral, and of a plea-
fant fituation on the banks of the Ifis, and in
a healthful Air, which makes it to be the bet-
ter inhabited. The Arms belonging to this
City is, Bendy wavy, Argent and Azure , an
Ox, Gules, paffing over a Ford, prop . r.

OK EH AM , the
chief Town in Rutland-
jhire , feated in a rich
Valley , an indifferent
good and well inhabited
Town. ■. Here is an an-
cient priviiedge or cu-
ftome which the Inha-
bitants claim, that is, if
any Nobleman enter
within their Precinct or
Lordfhip, as an homage
he is to forfeit one of
his Horfe's Ihoes , unlefs he redeem it with
mony ; and the truth of this is apparent by the
many Horfelhoes nailed up on the Shire-hall
door ; and their bad ge is a Horlhoe.

SHREWSBURY,
the chief Town in
Shropjijire', pleafantly
feated on the banks of
the Severn , which en-
compaifeth it on all
parts , except towards
the North. It is a place
which for largenefs,
numbring five Parifh
Churches befidts a
Chappel , neatnefs of
buildings , largenefs and variety of ftreet% and
populoufnefs, may be ranged with Cities in the
firft rank. It is a place of a great refort , en-
joyeth a great trade, and is well inhabited both
by the Englifh and Welfh. It is governed by
a Mayor, four and twenty Aldermen, and eight
and forty Common-Councel, and hath a Re-
' /y» _ corder,

Ch:

Honour Civil.

corder, Steward,and Town-Clerk.lt ferideth its
Rcprefentatives to Parliament, and enjoys fc-
vcral Immunities, Their Coat-Armour is A-
zure, three Leopards heads, Or.

B ATH, a City in
SumerfetJIjire , feated
on the Avon , over
which it hath a fair
Stone-bridge. It is a
place of great antiqui-
ty, as doth appear by
the feveral Roman In-
fcriptions and Images
commonly found in the
City Walls ; and where
the Abby now ftand-
eth, 'tis laid, was a Temple confecrated to Mi-
nerva the Goddefs of Fountains and Rivers.
This place is famous for its Baths, found good
for the curing of Aches and other Diftempers
in the body of man, which doth occafion it to
be well inhabited and reforted unto. It is a fair,
neat City, governed by a Mayor, Aldermen ,
andCommon-Councel, with Sub-Officers; en-
joyeth feveral Immunities , fendeth Burgeifes
to Parliament ■ and beareth for its Armorial
Enfign of Honour , as is here depicted.

WELLS, another City in Somerfetfiire
of no large extent, but well inhabited, and of
good account, being the See of a Bifhop.under
whole JunfdicTion is that of Bath. Its build-
ings are fair and good , its Cathedral a Irately
Pile of building, adjoyning to which is the Bi-
ihop's Palace. This City is governed by a
Mayor, leven Mafters, fixteen BurgelTes a Re-
corder, Town-Clerk, &c. and hath the electi-
on ot Parliament men.

l 77

LITCHFIELVm
StaffordJIure , a City of
great antiquity and note
in former times. It is
indifferent large , . con-
taining three Parifh
Churches befides its Ca-
thedral, a beautiful ftru-
<5rure,ad joying to which
is the Bilhop's Palace; its
, . „ „ Houfes are well-built,

and its Streets well ordered The govern-
ment of the City is committed to the care of
two Bailiffs and a Sheriff ( which are elected
out of four and twenty Burgeflw) a Recorder,
Town-Clerk, &ci it fends Burgeifes to Parlia-
ment; and beareth for its Coat-Armour in an
fc-lcocheon, aLandskip with divers Martyrs in
leveral manners malfacred.

r and B

STAF FOR 2D, the
chief County -Town ,
where the Aiiizes and
Sellions are held for the
Count}'. It is a fair
Town, beautified with
two Parifh Churches, a
Free-School,afinefquare
Market-place, and other
good Buildings , and its
Streets are large and pa-
ved. It is governed by
iirgcfks.hath a Recorder, Town-

! for a City.

a Mayors..,..

Clerk, &c. itele&eth Parliament men, and en-
joys ample Pnviledges. T he Coat- Armour is
Or, on a Cheveron, Gules, a true Lovers Knot
of the firft.

IfSWICH, the
chief place in Suffolk,
which for its largenefs
containing twelve Pa-
rdh Churches befides St.
George's Chappel, itsdi-
vers Streets , populouf-
nefs, and trade both by
Sea and Land, may de-
. ftrvedly be reckoned
■ ■ j , l iS aT °wn Corporate, well pri-
viledged, lends BurgeUes to Parliament is go-
verned by two Bailiffs yearly chofen out of iz
Portmen, and four and twenty Common-Coun-
c offi' R ^° rd a er ' To ;vn-Clerk, and other
Sub-Officers.The Arms of thisTown is,per Pa'e
Gules and Azure,* Lion rampant, Or, between
three Sterns of Ships, Argent.

CHICHESTER
the chief place in Sufi
Jex, feated on the banks
of the Levant, which at
a fmall diftance Iofeth
it felf in the Sea. It is
an indifferent large Ci-
ty, numbringfiVe or fix
Parifh Churches befides
its Cathedral. It is beau-
tified with good build-
ings and fpacious ftreets.efpecially the four that
lead from the four Gates of its Wall, and crofs
one another at the Market place. It is a City
endowed with many Priviledges, and fendeth
Burgeifes to Parliament. It is governed by a
Mayor, Aldermen, Recorder, and Sub-Officers;
and beareth for its Coat-Armour, Guttec, Ar-
gent and Sable, on a Chief engrailed, Gul'es, a
Lion of England,

1% CO-

7 8

Honour Civil.

Part a

COVENTRY, the
chief place in War-
mcijbire, a City fitua-
ted near the Centre ol
England, bounding the
Ca'.npane from the
Woodland , drawing in
the advantages ot both :
Ancient, as Arviragus
the Brittilh King, made
eminent b) the Mercian
Leojrich, famed by fuc-
ceflive Lords and lyings of England ; heretofore
intruded w ith a Mint-Royal, graced with the
S IJion of the highcft Judicature, the Kings
Bench, and ft) led Camera frincipu ; favoured
wirli a wholfome and temperate Air; its Ay-
pr.atches,Avenu , s and Ambient Walks, grateful
and pleafing to all beholders j for fpaciousand
continued C:ufc-ways not equalled by any Ci-
ty in England, nor inferiour to mod for clean
and well paved streets, refrelhing Springs,ufe-
ful AquaducTs, and goodly pubhek Structures ;
once a famoas Mart and Empory , reforted to
for ( ommcrce and Trade from Ireland, the
North weft and other parts of England ; leaving
us its large Vaults, Ware-houfes, Cellarages,
Drapery, Steel-yard, and publick Halls, as in-
dications of its former opulency and fplen-

dour. (»"' '!

It offers to view, amongft other remarkables,
four Steeples and three Churches, whereof two
are Parochial, viz. Trinity and St. Michaels ;
that, an anew nt well built Church, in form Ca-
thedral, which being impaired by a late fall of
its beautiful Spire, is fince reftorcd to its for-
mer luftre at a vaft expence and charge ; this,
a (lately, large, and brave inlightned Fabrick ;
a curious Shell, whofe Content is one hundred
yards in length, and feven and twenty yards
in breadth, befidvs feveral Ifles and Chappels
both on the North and South fides thereof,
Cpported by neat and flender Pillars, with five
Lies, whofe Steeple for tower and lofty taper-
ing Spire gives place to none in England, Ba-
black Church (one of the three) is a fol.d
Antique Structure, its form Collegiate, where
Divine Offices are performed but at fome Fe-
ilivals in the year.

It hath gloried in a matchlefs Wall ; and
though its form was irregular for a defcnfiblc
Fortification, yet was it built flrong, broad ,
high, and large in circumference , now only
guelled at by its ruins and its twelve lofty Ports
or Gates yet (landing.

No place compares with this City for a moft
beautiful Crofs of large dimcnfions and height,
adorned with variety of Statues, Figures, and
Sculptures, richly laid over with Gold, and fet
off with becoming Colours.

It hath ( among others)one magnificent Hall
called Aula Sanila Maria, fit for a celebri-
ous Congrefs or Affembly .

Here is a fair Grammar School, founded by
"John Hales Efquire , yet flvled Sthda Regti
Henrici Ofiavi; and another Sclict 1 of late c-
rection for poor Children by Mr. Chrijhfhir
T)avenpor!,h.tc Alderman. Appendant to both
is a Library with learned Authors , both Print
and Manuicripts ; of which Schools the Mayor
and Aldermen of thisCity are Vifitors. The
Ko r pitals are 2, well and plentifully providing
for twenty Blue-Coats, eleven poor men in
black Gowns, and two Nurfts in the one, and
eight other married Couples in blue Gowns in
the other, andaNurfe- ' , 1 , "

To it is annexed very large and rich Com-
mons, great Annual Loans and G.fts diftr;_-
buted amongft poor young and hopeful Trades-
men , together with frequent remembrances
of fome noble Benefactor or other, who intru-
ftredtheCitytodifpofeof their bounty to 0-
tlurs, as among themfelves, r>/>. forty pounds
per Annum to St.Johns Colledge in Oxford, and
forty pounds fer Annum to feveral other Cor-
porations.

Alfo near the faid City , at a Pool called
Swanswell, is a Spring which filleth a lev e n
Inch Diameter, of which water the quantity
of five Tun an hour is daily railed to the top of
a Turret fix and thirty foot high , by a ftream
out of the faid Pool containing nine cubical In-
ches, which moveth an overfhot Wheel and a
triangular Crank with Ballances and Buckets,
being an heaving or lifting Engine; from hence
the water is conveyed into the Streets of the
City and Houfes of fuch Inhabitants as will and
do take the faid water at an Annual Rent. This
Water-work was begun by Thomas Sargcnjou
Mafon, and Bartholomew Bcwley Plumber, in
the year 1630. and hath been fince altered and
put into the form it now worketh, in the year
1658. and fo continued by Thomas Bevjlcy, Son
of the faid Bartholomew, who is the prefent
Proprietor.

The City is owner of a rich Dclf or Mine
of Coles nearadjoyningtoit , which is hoped
will in a little time add much to its Revenue ,
the prefent Undertakers ufing that method for
the mattering of the Water, which the inad-
vertency of former Undertakers cither could
■not contrive, or at leaft not effectually profe-
cute-

The flaple Commodity of the place is Cloth ;
but to how low an ebb that trade is now come
to, every place can report and competently
^udge, as well as this City.

Its Government confifts of Annual Officers,
ten Aldermen or Juftices , with two Handing
Councels, viz..lb.c Upper,the Second or Com-
mon-Councel. The Annual Officers are the
Mayor, Recorder, two Sheriffs, Steward, Co-
roner, two Chamberlains, two Wardens, and
fome other Attendant and Miniflring Offi-
cers.

The Mayor is the eye of the Body,the King's
immediate Lieutenant, having the precedency

Chap. II.

Honour Civil.

179

of al!. Prince Henry himfelf, when in Coven*{
try, rel'ufed to take the better hand of him
when modeftly the Mayor offered it, faying ,
He tvdaid not resume a right c] 'his l athers |
Gr.mtits.

This Authority is Solitary or Social: .Solitary,
as to be Clerk of the King's Market , Steward
and Marfhalof the King s Houfe,tobe in Com-
jniffion for Arrays, -and Head of the twelve
Companies. Social, in the upper Council,
which coniifts of Aldermen and fome Candi-
dates for the Ma joralty , where he orders and
managerh the particular Affairs and Revenues
of the City, diftributcs the bounty of Benefa-
ctors , fometimes calling in the Ailiftance of
the fecondCouncel,. arbitrarily chofen by him
and his Brethren, but of the wealthicft and dif-
creeteft Citizens , and confifting of five and
twenty , whoareas Witnelfesof their jnfl ad-
miniftrations, as well as Advifors, in all Alie-
nations of City Lands and Grants of other
nature.

The Aldermen arc Juftices of the Peace in' as
full Latitude as any other, having ten Wards
or Precincts afiigned them, with an Appropria-
tion of a Ward to each Alderman, as to fome
refpeds, though otherwife every one is Ju-
ftice throughout, both as to the City and Coun-
ty of the City, which is of large extent. Of
thefe Juftices there are of the Quorum four,
■viz. the Mayor, Recorder, and two eldeft Al-
dermen.

The Mayor's Infignia are a Sword, a Hat of \
Maintenance, a great Mace, and fix fmaller , ;
with a Tip ftaff; the Robes black, lined with
Furr, and on folemn and feftival days Scarlet j
lined with Foins.

The prefent Aldermen and Juftices for the
year 1676. are William JeUiff Alderman, now
Mayor the fecond time ; the Right Honourable
James Earl of Northampton one of his Maje-
sties Privy Council, Recorder; Jojeph Cham-
bers, James Nailer, Julius Billers, William
Vale, Ralph Thillips, Nathaniel Harryman,
Thomas King, Thomas Be-jaley,^ Abell Brooks -
by, Humfry Burton Coroner, Sir Richard Hop-
kins Kt. Serjeant at Law,Steward.

As to the Rights, Immunities, Priviledges,
when and by whom granted, together with all
other things coincident to this City , from its
firft appearance to its afcending Grandure and
Declining or Cadency, they are moft amply
and learnedly mentioned to our hand by the
Pen of the learned Mr. Ttugdale, Norroy King
of Arms , to whom we referr the Reader.

The Arms belonging to this City are, parted
^frPale, Gules and Vert,an Elephant, Argent,
on a Mount, proper, bearing a Caftle on his
back, Or.

W ARW1C K, the Shu - Town, of good
account, being the place where I he Aflizes and
general Seilions for the County a,.' kept; it is
indifferent large, containing two r. mill Chur-
ches, betides iome demohfhed ; its ; - oufes are
well built, its Streets fpacious and good ; is a
place well inhabited , and enjoyeth a good
trade, sfpecially for Mault. It is governed by
a Mayor, twelve Brethren , four and twenty
EurgeiTes for Common-Councel, a Recorder ,
ckc. lends BargelTes to Parliament. The Arms
born by this Town is, a Caftle triple-towred,
having on the dexter fide the Sun in its glory,
and on the finifter a Crefcent, on the top of the
two fronting Towers ftand two Watchmen
with this Inscription upon the Ring of the
Seal , Sigilhm BaUtvi Burgenfium Warwi-
j r /;w<nJinMl|jpjn mth bit

ATTLEBT^n-
ciently Abattaba ) was
a City in the time of the
Romans , and the chief
Town in IVeflmerland
(as it remains ftill) at,
and before the Norman
Conc|ueft;infomuch that
the County took Name
from it, and was fome-
times called the County
of Appilby, It is tra-
ditionally reported concerning this place, That
it was under the Jurifdidtion of a Mayor, when
London was only govern'd by a Bailiff ; which
how true itis, I ftiall not concern my fclf; but
the beginning of the Majoralty of London
(formerly governed byTortgravesyis common-
ly reckoned from the firft year of Richard the
Firft.: and Appleby had a Charter from Henry
the Firft (who was Son to the Conqueror) of
very great Priviledges confirm'd by King John
(as is yet to be feen) and all the Kings of Eng-
land fucceffively. It continued a place of great
account till 1 176. (the %% of ff«i.2.)at which
time it was utterly deftroyed by the incurfion
of the Scots under William x.\^\t King, as
appears from a Stone in the School-Garden-
Houfe. And it fliould feem then , in regard of
its Loyalty and Sufferings, this King took com-
panion upon it, and (in all probability) build-
ed their Church dedicated toSuLawrencepnd
for their Arms gave them his own Coat, with
an honorary diftinction , Gules , three Lions
paifant guardantin Pale, crowned, Or, with
this Infcription on their Seals, S1GILLVM
COMMVNITATIS BVRG11 T)E AT-
TILB T; and on the Reverfe St. Lawrence
on the Grid-Iron , kept down by force, and
burning in the FJames, from which arifeth a
Flag or Standard with three Lions ( as before )
and theDevifethis,W/C 7 •<•'/• T LAV-,
RENT1VS IN C R ATI C V LA
TO SITU S , to (hew it refilled even unto

fire - '

i8o

Honour Civil.

Part SI.

fire. Now this King Henry the Second was the
firft (as all Antiquaries agree) who bare for his
Arms three Lions ; and therefore it muft needs
be a great honour to the place , and undoubted
fign or token of its Loyalty (a quality for
which it now is, and ever was famous) that he
lhould fignalize it with his own Coat, diftin-
guifhcd only by an honourable addition of three
Crowns, And though Mr. Cambdcn ( whofe
footlteps Speed io\lowctW) tells us, out of Wil-
liam of Newburg, That William King of the
Scots took this place and Brough by a Jiidden
jurprije, a little before he himjelf was taken
at Aulnwick in Northumberland ; which is ve-
ry true ); yet they are all miftaken in this,That
t he fe two places were not recovered till King
]a\mstimc; for 'tis certain, The Scots (after
the Country had got thcmfelves into anArray)
were beaten back, and their King taken Prifon-
er : And 'tis certain alfo , that though King
John 6it\ bellow them on Robert de Veteripont
for his good fervice; yet he recovered them not
from the Scots, for they came into his hands
{propter tran [greffionem fattam per Hugonem
de h'orevilh'i) by rcafon of the forfeiture of
Hugh de Mervil (a great man in thofe parts ,
and the fame ( if I miftake not ) that killed
'Thomas a Zee lie t~) as was given in upon Tnqui-
fition taken at Tork , die Jovi* proteinic prof
i/iediam qiMclragefima Anno Regni Regis Ed-
war di 3.

And notwithftanding this fatal overthrow ,
fo much of the Town was continued, till the
Reign of Richard the Second (who , began in
1 $77) that it paid to the King in Fee-farm
Rent twenty Marks per Annum at z d. a Bur-
gage , which amounts to two thoufaqd two
hundred Burgages, befjdes other Houfes : But
in 1588. (as appears by Records) die Martis
infefto Smell Sleph iui Martyris (which was
about the eleventh of Richard the Second) it
was fo burn'd down and wafled by the Scots ,
that of that Rent, upon feveral Inquifitions
found and returned , there remained to the
King only two Marks per Annum, fo that nine
parts in ten were utterly deftroy'd.

But notwithstanding this great devaluation
that was never repaired, it doth flill retain its
ancient Priviledges, which are in every refpeil
the fame with Tork, as appears from the con-
firmation of Henry the Third (in whofe time
here was an Exchequer, called by the Name of
Scaccariwn de Appleby") and King Johns
Charter,which I have feen ; wherein is expref-
fed and firmly commanded, 77a;; his Burgers
of Appleby Jliall have and enjoy all the Li-
berties and free Cuflomes which his Burgers of
York have , well and peaceably, freely and qui-
etly fully, wholly, and honourably (with a Pro-
hibition,'7/W noneftjall attempt to dijturb them
thereof); And &\ c o,That they flail be free from
Toll, Stallage, 'Pontage, and Leftage aU Eng-
land over; fraterquam in Civitate London,
tu fi forte Lives Eobor' quietantias hide habent

lilertates fuas in Civitate London ; which ex-
ception doth very much confirm and ftrcngthen
their Priviledges to them.

The Corporation confifts at prefenj of a
Mayor, with two Bailiffs, a Court of Aldermen,
twelve in numbcr,a Recorder, Common-Coun-
cel, and Serjeants at Mace, with their Atten-
dants : And (if the Town were able to bear it},
might take the lame Priviledges with Tork in
every thing, according to their Charter ,which
has been confirmed by all the fucceeding Kings
of England;, and if any wo,uld know what
I thofe priviledges are more particularly, I referr
him to Tork, where he may poffibly meet with
fatisfacftion. In the mean time take thefe which
are now in practice at Appleby, viz.

They have power to Arreft for any Sum.
without limitation.

To eleel and fend two Burgeffes to Parlia-
ment.

To acknowledge Statute-Merchant before
the Mayor.

To take Toll both in Fairs and Markets.

To feize Felons goods, Felones de /f,Waifes,
Stray es, Forfeitures, and Efcheats; all which
do belong to the Mayor for the time being, who
takes place of the Judges of Affize, as the
Lord Mayor of Tork is wont to dq.

Their Aldermen are fame of them Gentle-
men of the Country , for the greater honour
and credit of the Town, who; in time of their
Mayoralty have their Proprietors or Deputies
there. The prefent Mayor aad Aldermen for
the prefent year are, John Thwaites Efquire,
Mayor, Lancelot Machell of Gackanthorp Efq;
who was firft Mayor after the King's return, and
tore in pieces Oliver's Charter in open Court ,
before he would accept of that Office, which he
had declined all Olivers time : Richard
Brathwate of Warcop , Efq; and Juftice of
Peace , who contefted with the Judges,
and took place of them Virtute Charta ,
Robert Hilton of Morton, Efquire, Juftice
Jf Peace, Edward Mufgrave of Askeby Efq;
ouftice of Peace, Thomas Warcop of Colby, Gen-
tleman, John Routlidge of Cent.
Alderman Leonard Smyth, Alderman William
Smyth, Alderman Robert Harrifon, Alderman
John Lawfon, Alderman Thomas Robiujon, Al-
derman John Atkinfon , which fix laft are all of
Appleby.

Appleby was very eminent for its Loyalty in
the late Civil Warrs, and moft of the Alder-
men (except thofe whom Oliver Cromwell ob-
truded upon them ) fuffered many imprifon-
ments during his Tyranny ; and fo likewife did
moff of the Gentry round about: for it is the
glory of the County of Weftmer land, that there
was not one Perfon of quality in it who took
up Arms againft his King, and but two or three
in Cumberland.

SA-

Cha

Honour Civil.

iSi

SALISB VR T,
the chief place in Willi
Jhire , a City of great
antiquity, and in the
time of the Romans, of
great fame j at preient
a fine, neat, and well
built City, beautified
with fair and well built
Houfes; its Streets are
commodious and large ,
hath a [lately Minder or Cathedral , to which
adjoyneth the Bifhops Palace, It is a place
well inhabited and frequented,cnjoyeth a <*ood
trade.and amongft its Immunities fendeth Sur-
geries to Parliament. The Arms belonging to
this City are, Azure , a Sword and a Key in
Saltire, Or, on a Chief, Argent, three Lozen-
ges, Gules.

WORCESTER, the
chief Shire-Town, com-
modioully featedonthe
Banks of the Severn, o-
ver which it hath a fair
Stone-bridge with a
Tower upon it. It is a
City of great antiquity,
and at prefent of good
account , being graced
with well built Houfes and well ordered (beets,
is well inhabited, enjoyeth a good trade, efpe-
cially for itsClothings here made in great quan-
tities. It is a place of agoodlargenefs, con-
taining nine Panlh Churches befides its Cathe-
dral : it is governed by a Mayor, a Sheriff, fix
Aldermen, lour and twenty principal Citizens,
eight and forty Common-Councel-men , two
Chamberlains, a Recorder, Town-Clerk, &c.
The Arms of this City is, Argent, a Fefs be-
tween three Pears , Sable.

TORK, next to
London, claims the Pri-
ority of all Cities in the
Kingdom, a City of
great antiquity and
fame in the time of the
Romans ; nor hath it
been much eclipfed in
its luflre in all fucceed-
ing Ages , and is at
prefent a large, fair,and
beautiful City, num-
bring thirty Panfli Churches, and adorned with
many fplendid Build.ngs, both publick and pri-
vate ; it is very populous, and much reforted
unto , and inhabited by Ccntry and wealthy
Tradefmen. It is a City and County of it felf,
enjoying ample Immunities, fendeth Burgeffes

to Parliament, is governed by a Lord Mayor,
twelve rsldermen clad in Scarlet, two Sheriffs,
twelve Common-Counce! , a Recorder, eight
Chamberlains, and other Sub-Officers. It is a
place of great ftrength, being encompail'ed with
a flrong Wall, on which arc many Turrets and
Watch-houfes,and hath for entrance tour Gates
and five Pofterns. The Coat of Arms belong-
ing to this City is, Argent, on a Crofs, Gules,
five Lions pallant guardanr, Or.

BULL, a Town of
no great antiquity, but
of considerable account,
being verylargefriiough
containing but two Pa-
rifli Churches) is graced
with fair buildings and
well ordered and paved
ftrcets, is very well in-
habited and frequented
by Merchants & Tradef-
men, having good ftore of VefTels belonging to
the Town,and the more by reafon of its Com-
modious Haven, Cuftome-houfe, and Key, its
Inhabitants driving a conliderable inland and
be} ond-fea Trade for divers good Commodi-
ties. It is a place of an impregnable ftrength,
and that made fo as well by Nature as by Art.
It is a Town and County Incorporate of it felf ,
eledteth Parliament men , is governed by a
Mayor, twelve Aldermen, a Common-Councel,
with other Sub-Officers, and have ample Im-
munities granted unto them.The Coat-Armour
born by this Corporation is, Azure, three Co-
ronets in Pale, Or.

RIC HMO NT),
feated on the River
Swale , over which it
hath a Stone-bridge ,
which laid River was by
the ancient Englilh e-
fteemed very facred, for
that in it -Pauliims the
firft Archbilhop of Tori,
baptized in one day a-
bove ten thoufand men,
befides women and childrrn.lt is a large Town-
Corporate, containing two Parish Churches, is
graced with well-budt houfes, its Streets are
paved and well ordered, hath a fpacious Mar-
ket place, is well inhabited by Gentry and
Tradefmen, enjoyeth a good Trade chiefly for
Stockings,and Woollen knit Caps for Sea-men.
It is governed by a Mayor and Aldermen, with-
Sub-Officers, and amongft its Immunities fends
Burgeffes to Parliament. The Arms of this
Town is, Gules, an Inner Bordmv,Argent,over
all a Bend, Ermyn.

TABLE

OF THE

Contents or Heads

Of the feveral

CHAPTERS

IN THE

TREATISE

O F

Honour and Nobility.

FIRST PART.

HONOVK MIL IT AR T.

OF Warr,and the caufes thereof, fol.3 Principles of Honour and Vertfie that every
Of Souldiers 4 Gentleman ought to be endowed with 13

Of Embaffadors or Legats 5 Of precedency ibid.

Of Warr,and the inclination of the EngliJIj to it Chap. II. Of the King, or Monarch of Great

ibid. Britain 1 9

Of Captains , Generals , Marfials, and other Chap.III. Of theTrince 24
chief Comnhinders. 7 Chap. IV. Of Dukes 32

The form of a 'Patent of the Duke of York,
SECOND PART. temp.Jacobi. 33

Ceremonies to be obferved in the Creation of a
HONOUR CIVIL. Duke 36

Chap.V. Of Marquiffcs 37

CHap.I. Of Honour general and particular^ Chap. VI. Of Earls 39
OJ Gentry, Mid bearing of Arms 12 Chap.VII. OfVifcounts 44.

* A a Chap,

TABLE.

Chap.VIIt. Of Lords Spiritual 45
Chap.IX. Oj Barons _ 4 8

J 'be definition of a Baron ibid.
The Etymology of the name of a Baron ibid.
The antiquity and dignity of Barons, and the
fuudry ufes of the Name 49
The tenor and proper figmfication of the word
Baron ibid.
Chap.X. Barons of Tenure jo
Chap.XI. Barons ty Writ yz.
Chap.XII. Barons by Tatent 56
Chap. XIII. 'Privileges incident to the Nob i-
lity,according to the Laws of England 5 9
Certain Cafes wherein a Lord of the Parlia-
ment bath no privi ledge 65:
Chap. XIV. Nobility and Lords in reputation
only 68
Chap. XV. Of the Queen Confort, and of Noble
Women 69, 70

Ladies in reputation 75
Chap. XVI. -Of Knighthood in general 77
Chap.XVII. Knights of the Garter 79
Chap.XVIII. Of Knights Bannerets 84
Chap.XIX. Of Baronets 8j
The prejideut of the Tatent of Creation of Ba-
ronets g- 88
The Catalogue of the Baronets of England ac-
cording to their Creations 9 1
Chap. XX. Knights of the Bath 105
A Catalogue of the Knights of the Bath made
at the Coronation of King Charles II. 107
Chap. XXI. Of Knights Batchelors 1 08

Observations concerning Knights Batchelors 116
Of degrading of Knights 1 1 7

Chap' XXII. Knights of the round Table 118
Chap.XXIII. Knights of the Thiftle, or of St.

Andrew 120
Chap.XXIV.eWf?\r of Knighthood in Paleftine
and other parts of Afia 121
Knights of the holy Sepulchre in Jerufalem,ib.
Knights Hofpitalers of St. John Baptift in Je-
rufalem, now called Knights o/"Malta 122,
Knights Templars ibid.
Knights of St. Lazarus 125
Knights of ' St. Bafs ibid,
Knights of St. Katherine at Mount Sinai ibid.
Knights of the Martyrs in Paleftine ibid.

Orders of Knighthood in Spain.

Knights of the Oak z'«Navar 124
Knights of the Lily in Navar. ibid.
Knights of the Band I2y
Knights of the T)ove in Caftile ibid.
Ordo de la Scama in Caftile ibid.
Knights of the Lily in Aragon ibid.
Knights of Mountjoy ibid.
Knights of Aeon or Acres ibid.
Knights of Sc. James in Galicia 126
Knights of St. Saviour in Aragon ibid.
Knights of St. Julian de Pereyro, or of Alcan-
tara ibid.
Knights of Calatrava in Caftile ibid.
Knights e/Truxillo ibid.

Knights of our Lady, and of St. George of
Monteia in Valencia 1 27

Knights of St. Mary de Merced in Aragon, ibid.
Knights of the Rofary in Toiedo ibid.

Orders of Knighthood in Flanders.

Knights of the Golden Fleece, or Toifon d'Or

128

Orders of Knighthood in Portugal.

Knights d'Avis 1 29

Knights of the Wing of St. Michael ibid.

Knights of St. James 150

Knights of Chrifl ibid.

Orders of Knighthood in France.

Knights of Jejus Chrifl 1 3 1

Knights of the Taffion of Jefus Chris! ibid.
Knights of the blefed Virgin Mary efMount-

Carmel 132

Knights of St. Michael ibid.

Knights of St. Efprit ibid.

Knights of the Order of the Genet 133
Knights of the Crown Royal amougff the Fri-

zons ibid.

Knights of our Lady of the Star ibid.

Knights of the Thiftle of Bourbon ibid.

Knights of the Porcupine 1 34

Knights of the Croilfant of Anjou ibid.

The Order of the Ermyne in Bretagne ibid.

Degrees of Knighthood in Italy.

Knights of St. Mary the Glorious 135
Knights of the Holy Ghoft in Saxia at Rome

ibid.

The Conftantinian Angelic k Knights of Saint

136
ibid,
ibid,
ibid,
ibid,
ibid.
Rome

'37
ibid-
ibid.
ibid,
ibid.
,38
ibid.

George, formerly in Greece
Knights of St. Peter at Rome
Knights of St ."George ^/ Rome
Knights of St. Paul at Rome
Knights called Pios at Rome
Knights c/ Loretto

Knights of the Glorious Virgin Mary at

Knights of Jefus at Rome
Knights de la Calza in Venice
Knights of St. Mark in Venice
Knights of St. George at Genoa
Knights of St. Stephen at Fl orence
Knights of the Knot in Naples
Knights of the Argonauts of St. Nicholas in
Naples ibid.
Knights of the Ermyne in Naples ibid.

Degrees of Knighthood in Savoy.

Knights of the Annunciation
Knights of St. Maurice
Knights of St. Maurice and

St.

139
140

Lazarus
^ ibid.

Knights

TABLE.

Knights of the Bear in Switzerland

141

Degrees of Knighthood in Germany.

Knights of the-Tutomck Order of Prufia 141
Knights of St. Jerom j 45

Knights of St. George in Auftria and Carin-
thia ibid.
Knights of St. Michael the Arch mgel ibid.
Knights of St. Anthony of Hainolt 1 4^

Kniphts of the Tulin Order in Bohemia ibid.
Knights of St. Hubert;;/ Julicrs ' iWJ.

Knights of the Order of St. James in Holland

, ibid.

Degrees of Knighthood in Swedilatpd,

Knights of the Frician Order • - 145-
Knights of Seraphins ibid.
Knights of Amarantha ibid.
Kmghts of the Order of the Elephant in Den-
mark 146
fti* 5 > - i<< ,3

Degrees of Knighthood in Tel fid. ■ -

Knights of Chrifl, or of the Sword-Bearcrs in
Livonia .

Knights of - the white Eagle ibid.

Knights of the Order of the 'Dragon mer-
torown in Hungary 148

Knights of the Order of the Sword in Cyprus

ibid.

Knights of St. Anthony ;>; ./Ethiopia 149
Knights of the Burgundian CroJS- in Tunis

ibid.

Knights of t he Weft-Indies 1 yo

Chap. XXV. Of Efqutres. 1 y 1

Chap. XXVL Of Gentlemen ryi
Hie priviledges of the Gentry 'i>y6
Chap. XXVII. OfTeomen ' I? g

Goao.l.Tbi fecond'Port of Honour Civil, treats
of the Vriviledges , Coat- Armour , ?§c. of
London, and the Cities and chief Towns Cor-
porate in England 1 6 1
London, its Government, Court s,fkc. 1 6 2
The Names of the Lord Mayor, and Aldermen

■ £.'•'-•• " 1 't64 l

The Incorporated Companies of Merchants ibid.
The chief Companies of London 1 67

Chap. II. Treats of the Cities and Shire-
Towns of England.

Counties
Berks.; '■■ > ■ '
Bedfordfhire
Bucks

Citmbridgfliire
Chelhire
Cornwall
Qfatnberland
Derbyihire

Devcrifli;re

Dor.'etlliire
Durham
ElTex

GloccfterJliire

Hamiliire

Herrfordihire
Herefordlliire
Huutingtonihire

Kent

Lancalliire
Leieefterfliire

Lincoln/hire

Monmouthfliire
Norfolk

Northamptonlliire

Northumberland
Nottinghamfhire
Oxfordlhire
Rutlandlhire
Shroplhire

Somerfetlliire

Staffordihire

Suffolk
Suifex

Warwicklhire
Weftmoreland
Wiltfhire
Worcefterlhire

Yorkflijre

Towns

Reading

Bedford

Bnckivgh wi

$Cambrid>je

lEly «

Cbijler

Eaatmpn

Carhfle 1

Derby

\ T xeter

2 Rarr.fi at le

Tlorchefer

Durham

Cole he (I er . >

(. Bnftoll

< Br 1 fi oil Merchants

' Glocefler

SV>'iv.chefier

C.Suutlj.imJito/1

Hertford !

Heref ord

Huntington

^Canterbury

cRocheffer

Lane after

Leicesler

S Lincoln

C Stamford

Monmoui h

Norwich

S Northampton

2 Veterborow

Newcafile

Nottingham

Oxford

Oakham

Shrewsbury

$Ba:h

5 Litchfield

^Stafford

Jpfwich

Lhicbefler

Coventrey

Apleby

Sainbury

Worcefter

iTorb

1 Hull

{_ Richmond

ftp:
170

ibid,
ibid,
ibid,
ibid.
r 7 r
ibid,
ibid,
ibid,
ibid,
ibid.

1J7.

■ ibid,
ibid.

^ibid.

*ik

ibid,
ibid,
ibid,
ibid.
'74
£ibid.

ibid,
ibid,
ibid.

}Ji

ibid,
ibid.

^ibid.
ibid.
176
ibid,
ibid,
ibid.

\'ll

<*ibid.
ibid,
ibid.
178

'79
1S1
ibid.

>ibid.

a 2

TABLE.

A T A B L E of the Effigies and Achievements of the Nobility
.,' and Gentry in the Treatife of Honour Civil and Military.

( the Duke of Albemarle

TheEF-N , „ , n f$F& lk
Vies / the Earls o{ ) Craven
of )the Lord Bellafis

ertram Afibwnham

fol.9
10
ibid,
ibid,
ibid.

TheEffi-iesoftheLord Chancellor Finch 14
The Effig.es of the Earl of Shaftesbury as Lord
Chancellor ' 4

HlsMa J eftl "2 Achievement b y

DUKES.

The Effigies of the Duke of Buckingham M

Atchievements.
D. of Albemarle
D. of Buckingham
D. of Grafton
D, of Monmouth
D.of 'Newcastle
D. of Norfolk
D. of Richmond
Prince Rupert
D. of Somerfet
D. of Southampton
D. of Tork

MAR.Q.UISSES.
Effigies of the Marquifs of Winchester

Atchievements.

CTlorchefter
Marquiifes of hVmchefter

([Worcefter.

EARLS.

5 Aylesbury
Effigies of the Earls of^Burford

Atchievements.
A

E. of Airly
E. of Anglefey
E. of Arlington
E. of Aylesbury

E.of Banbury
E. of Bath
E.pf Bedford
E. of Berk/hire

E. of Brecknock D. of Ormond

E. of Bridgwater

E. of Br 1 foil

E. of Bullingbrook

E, of Bnrford

E, of Burlington

r-
r-

3 2
7 j*
3 2
?

J 2
3 2
4 32

9 3 2
3 2

3 37
57
$7

'39

S 1

39
57 39

yyj9

2 9 39
J 2 39

7 39

4739

l S 39
39
39
39

25
68 _
S 6 39

E. of Cardigan
E. of Carltfle.
E. ofCamarvm
E, of Cajilemaive
E. of Cheflerfieid
E. of C/arf
E. of Clarendon
E. of Craven

E, of Z)<j»£y

E. of Zter^

E. of Denbigh

E. ofDevoHjbire

E. of Donegall

E. ofDorfet and Middlefex

E, of Dover

E. of Downe

E. of Droheda

E. of £f<w
E. of Exeter

E.of Feverfljam
E, of Fingall

E, of Guilford, D. Lot her Me
H

77 59 E, of Huntington

E. of 'Incfiquin

E.ofiCraf
E. of Kildare

E. of Langford
E. of Leicefter
E. of Lincoln
E, of Lindfey
El of ^Litchfield
E. of Londonderry

numb f 0 _

y°
5-3

.36
80

22
48

64^

4 J9
10 39
'9 39
76 i9

I2 39
3 2 35»
79 39
74 39

49 5?
M39

6759
7* 39

73 J9

3 39
78 39

7-39
16

9 39

^39
6 B9
E.ot

TABLE.

E. of Mancbefter
E.ot Marlborough
E. of Montr ave

E, of Newport
E.of North amp on
E. of Northumberland
E.of Norwich
E. of Nottingham
O

Earl of Oxford

E. of Pembroke
E. of Peterborow
E. of •Plymouth
E. of Portland
E. of 5FW»

E.of Renelaugh
E, of Rivers
E, of Rochester
£. of Rutland

E. of Salisbury
E. of Sandwich
E, Of St. ^Wowj
E. of Scarldale
E. of Shaftesbury
E. of Shrewsbury
E. of Stamford
E.of Strafford
■E.of Suffolk
E. of Sunderland
E.of

E. of r/j./wfi

Numb

2 J

37
10

E. of Warwick and Holland
E.of Wefimoreland
E,of Wmchelfey

VISCOUNTS.

The Effigies of Vifcount Falconbergh

Achievements.
Vifcount Brounker
C

Vifcount Camden
Vifcount Conway
E

Vifcount £>»M/rf Lord Fairfax
F

Vifcount Falconbergh
Vifcount Fitzhardmg
H

Vifcount Hallifax
Vifcount Hereford
K

Vifcount Kilmurriy
M

Vifcount Mountaguc
Vifcount Mordant

33
63
40
60

3°
44
5

1 i

46
45
4J

34
4
1 1
42

39
1

24
3*

fo.
39
39
39

39
39
39
39
39

39
39
J 9
39

39
39
39

39
39
39
»
39
W

v»

39
*9
J 9
39

V)
V)
59

444

7
16

44
44

Vifcount Newport
S

Vifcount iSizji and ifoz/
Vifcount Stafford
Y

Vifcount Yarmouth

numb.
1 1

Atchievements of B I S H O P S.

Canterbury
Chefter
Durham
Ely

London
Sarnm
York

BARONS.

The Effigies of the Lord Baltimore
Atchievements.
A

L. Albergavemiy

L. Alliugtou

L. Arundel of 'Trerice

L. Arundel of War dure

L. Aftley

L. ^/?o»

L. Audley Earl of Cajllehaven
B

L. Baltemore
L. £f %fr

L. Berkeley of Berkeley
L. Berkeley of Stralton
L. Biron
L. Brook
L. Butler Earl of
L. Butler Earl of Oj/fry
C

L. Carrington
L. Chandou
L. Cfc/or^
L. Comwallk
L. Coventrey
L. OfW
L. Oo/f j

L. Cromwell Earl of Arglafl
L. Culfeper

D'arcy
Tie la Mere

L. DelaWare

L. £»w

9 44 L. Fi»f £ Lord Chancellor
1 44 L. Fitzwater
L. Frechevile
13 44 G

L. Gerard of Brandon
2 44 L. Gerard of Bromley
844 L.Grey

o.
44

44
44

45:
4f

4
2

59
21

«1
4S

4 S

6648

45- "

4
J 2

36
24
62

39
17
61

4 !

6048

5448

J748
J 1
11

48
4S
648

4 S

20
26

L.Hatton

L, Hatton

L. Herbert ofCherbury
L. Holies
L. Howard

L. Kington

L. Lai/gdale
L. Leigh ,
L. Lexington
L. Lovelace
L. Lucas

L. Mayuard
L. Mohun
L. Montague
L. Morley

L. Norris

L. "P.zg/V
L.

L. *Po«/^

L. Roberts
L. Rockingham

L. Sandis
L. Stanhope
L. Stourtou

L. Tenham
L. Townefend

K
L

TABLE,

numb.lfo.
3448
3248

L. Vaughan Earl of Carbery
W

L. WW

L. Whartou
L. WiddriugtoH
L. tfW/ir
L. Willoughby
L. Wbtton

Atchiev^ments of Women.

Dutchefsof Richmond

Caftle-Stuart

Sedley

Effigies of Knights of the Garter.

Earl of Arlington

Marquifs of Worcefter

His Royal Highnefs Duke of 7o>-£

Effigies of a Knight Banneret.

■

Sir William de la More

BARONETS.

Atchievemcnts.
A

68 48

y° .

4 8 4 s

zi
44 48

30 48
3348.

y 4 8
1648

j8 48

iy .

1948
29 48

27 48
46 48

9 Is

21 40
848

2348
5648

3848

41 48

*3
40 '.
10 48
1448

49 48

37 6
176

2 7 6

4 7 6

3 79
279
1 79

Atkins
Aucher

Bacon
Banks
Baruadiftou
Bridgman

Carteret

Corbet

Craven

TParcy

Forjfer

Gerard

Gleane

Glynn

Graham

Grimfton

Hanmer

Head

Hobart

Holland

Huulock

Jafoti

Lowther
Lucy

Mathews

Mauleverer

Middleton

Molineux

Osborne

Tercivale

Teyton

Tuckering

Ratcliffe
Reresby
Robinjon

Shaw

Temfeft

Verney
Viner

Walter
Wheler

D
F
G

O
P

numb. fo.

47 8y

?Sy
4*8y

2 4 8y

2 3

c 8j
3°.3'8y
I0 8y

2 5 85

26 o r

6 85

'918J

40 s s

3 8c
4?8y

46 8c

39 8y

34 8j
57 8y

7 8c
"Sy
»4 8y
41 8y

33!
9!
« I

4 8y
48 8y

43 8y

13:

28
1

78y

J S8y

TABLE.

Wilbraham
Williams
Witttwrong
Wolflonholme

Atkins

Bennet
Berkenhead
B ever [ham
Booth
Brathwait

Chicbeley
Churchill
Clayton

'Daniel
Davies
Dolman
Drake

Fairborne

H, ctet
Hanfon
Harding
Huftler

James

Kirke

Langham

Lowe

Lynch

Marfh
Maynard
Middleton
Mom£e$on

North

Targiter

Telham

Teyton

Titfield

Tlayer

Trichard

Raynsford

Sheldon

Shorter

Smith

Southwell

Sympfon

Talbot

KNIGHTS.
Atchievements.

F
H

J
K
L

R
S

numb

3*
32,8?

iol.

8j Theobalds

8 5 Thorn f 'fori

8 5 Tumor

Waller

Williamson

Windham

I Oo

I 05

I08

Armigcr

105

Artlungton

4 1

. ,-,0

Ajhburnham

108

Atwood

108

Barbon

108

Beauvoir

108

Bemiet

Booth

108

Bowen

108

Brabazou

2 3

IOg

Brouncker

108

Burlaje

Burton

108

Butler

Byde

1 08

108

Chetwytid

108

Clarke

108

Clifford

CaSingwood

4°

108

Collins

Colt

105

Lolvjall

Coventrey

IOS

Coxe

39
0
0

io5

Crome

100

Cudtnore

IOS

Darnall

. q
10S

Dereham

105

Vive

108

Dixie

D)oughty

108

Duke

108

Egerton

1 08

Evance

108

4 i

108

Feild

108

Feltham

1 1

108

Fleming

Foley

•7

108

Georges

icS

Gilbertfon

108

Goodlad

108

Grant

108

Harvey

Heare

108

Huitfon

ESQUIRES.
Atchievemems.

Numb.

16 108
1 108
J 10S

5°
82

60 1 j 1

90 15 r

47
22

ID 3
ioy

8j
41

16
100
46

95
108

35
24
1

80
92
107

33
3°
69
61

36
9i

70
'3

73,74,75

2-3

2 iyi
72 i Jt
58 r*l

J. JtfWM

TABLE.

Numb.

fol.

James

'5 1

Inkledon

»7

'S3

Jottiffe

49, 9 6

ifJ

Keck

Knight

J)'

Lamplugh

Lant

3 1

r 5'

Le &i

151

Lewkenor

Loggan

20, 1 04

Lucy

Madden

'J'

Mariet

Martyn

iji

Marwocd

102

iy.»

Micklethwaite

■p

Modyford

Molejworth

Mountague

ijj

Tagit

'Palmer

Teck

63,64

Teirce

'5'

Tepys

■P

Tetyt

•J 1

Tilkington

Tlott

J P

Rawlins

Raynsford

iyi

Roberts

J P

Robinfon

Rowe

101

Sackvile

Sanders

2 5

iji

Seys

3 1

Skelton

Smith

Stephens

Stoughtott

Strache

Stringer

Swift

iji

Numb.

fol.

< 7"/j n j-w -hi lift

Thtiv L itn A

J. IJkti vLb/PC*

1 1

1 c 1

Titus

1 J •

5 7

I CI

Twifden

I 0

r CI itufe

106

Walker

Warner

Weld

Werden

C 7
J i

Wharton

Wildman

Windham

Winwood

Wyrley

Wythens

i?l

G ENTLEMENS

Atchieveraents.

Blome

154

Bourne

1 54

Eyre

'54

Faringtm

i?4

Glover

16,154

Gregory

nj'54

Lunde

IJ4

Mainfione

"5*

Marjball

1 74

Rowe

*54

Shaw

•54

Stanley

r 54

Stratford

»5

f 5*

Vandefut

1 54

Vanheck

J 54

Whitwith.

154

FINIS.

fHE GETTY CCNTtt
U8KAHV