a. K. WATEkIiCjUSE. ! A 77 DISPLAY O F HERALDRY: MANIFESTING A more eafie accefs to the Knowledge thereof than hath been hitherto publiflied by any , through the benefit of Method ; Whereunto it is now reduced by the Study and Induftry O F JOHN GUILLIM* Late Purfuivant at A R MS. mjt tftftf) cFnition nuirtj cnlavtjen ttutfj great lianetp of2S<£3J&3!jl3. To which is added a TREATISE of H O N O 11 R Military and Civil, According to the Laws and Cuftoms of ENGLAND, collected out of the moft Authentick Authors, both Ancient and Modern, by Capt. JOHN LOGAN. I LLUSTR ATEED With variety of SCV L P TV R E S futable to the feveral Subjefts ; to which is added a Catalogue of the Atchievementi of the NOBlLITTof Englan J,w\th divers of the G E N J R T i for Examples of BEARINGS. LONDON, Printed by S. Roycroft for R. Blome ; and are fold by Erancis Tyton, Henry Brome, Thomas Bajfet, Richard Cbif&ell, John Wright. and Thomas Sawbridge, M DC LXX1X. The mod Auguft CHARLES THE SECOND, King of Great Britain*, France \ and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, 6*c. Dread Sovereign, E RE is a Firmament of Stars, that pine not without your Benign Beam ; you are the Sun of our Hemifphere that fets a fplendour on the Nobility : For as they are Jewels and Ornaments to wur Crown, fo they derive their luftre and value from thence: From your Breaft, as from a Fountain, the young Plants of A 2 Honour The Epiftle Dedicatory. Honour are cherifht and nurjl up. Tour vertuom Achieve- ments are their Warrant and Example., . and your Bounty th&. Guerdon of their Merit. And as all ^"Roman Emferours after Julius Casfar, were defirom to be called imperatores Carfares, from him, fo fh all all fucceeding Princes , in this our Albion (in emulation of your Vertues) be ambitious to bear your Name to Eternity. Deign then (Great Sir) a gracious Reflex upn, and Ac- ceptation of this Difplay of Heraldry, which though in it [elf is excellent^ yet thus illufirated by your Name , will ad- mit of no Comparifon, but render to the Publifher a fhare of Honour , in that he is permitted into your Frefence : Being Your Majeflies moft fubmifsive and obedient Subiecl: and Servant, Richard clome. $ Yaw* b'v^\\'\\^\ stf'ra^ o\ t nvroiD:\w{ jC7 *T O T H E RIGHT NOBLE Henry Duke of Norfolk, s Ear l- Marshal of E NG LAND, Earl of Arundel, Surrey, Norfolk, and Norwich ; Lord Howard ,Moubr ay ,Segrave , Brews of Gower JFlt^- Allen. Clun ft ftwal- ftree, Maltravers } Grayftoc^ and Howard of Caftle-Rifing, &c. A N D T O ... THE RIGHT HONOURABLE ROBERT Earl of ALISBVRT and ELGIN, Viscount Bruce of Ampthill, Baron K of Whorlton, Skelton, and Kinlofs, Here- ditary High-Steward of the Honour of /4mptbill,Lord Lieutenant of the County of Bedford, and High-Steward of Leicefter^nd one of the Lords of his Majefties moft Honourable Privy Councel , his Graces Subftitute for the Officiating the faid Office of Earl- Marfhal. Moft Honoured Lords , TH I S Treatife, next to his Sacred Majefty, Honours Grand General , muft necefTarily be dependant on your Lordfliips, Honours Earl-Marfhal, to whofe Protection and Patronage it is alfo moft humbly Dedicated by } My Lords , Your Graces and Honours moft Submijftve Servant, a R ichard Blomg. To the moft Concerned the NOBILITY AND GENTRY. My Lords and Gentlemen, THis ineflimabk Piece of Heraldry, that hadpajltbe Prefi four times with much ap- probation, had the unhappy Fate in the lafl to have, a Blot in its Efcocheon, viz. the Infertion of Oliver's Creatures ; which as no Merit could enter them infuch a Regiment but Vfurpation, fo we have in thit Impreffton exploded them, and in- fertedthePerfons, Titles, and Dignities of fuchashis Majesly (fincebu blejfed Reflauration) conferred Honour upon, that fo the Corn may be intire, of one Sheaf and the Grapes of one Vine. To this Impreffton U added A Treatife of Honour Military and Civil, which Ido own to have received from Captain David Logan o/ldbury in Oxfordlhire,^^ Manufcript U not exatlly obferved by omitting the Quotations in hit Papers , m being unwilling to [well the Volume unto too large a bulk. ; and the rather, being confident he afferts nothing without the Authority of good Authors, putting my Confidence in hit Care, who is tender enough of his Ho- nour and Loyalty, Vertues inherent in his Blood and Name, witnefl the Scotifb Hislories, al- though unfortunatethereinthree or four Ages ago : Nor may this Treatife be without font Er- rors, committed by the P refi, and that occafioned by his great diflance in the Countrey, which (if any) fhall be corrected in the next Impreffton, begging the Readers pardon for the prefent. R. B. Mr. Guillioi's PREFACE TO THE E A D E O W difficult a thing it is to produce form out of things/^/? and % formed, and to prefcribe limits to things confufed , there is none but may ea% perceive, if he fhall take but a Height view of the Chaos-like con- temperation of things not only diverfe but repugnant in Nature, hitherto concorporated in the generous Profeflion of Heraldry : as the forms of the pure C*le dial Bodes, m.x'd with grofs Terreftrials; Earthly Animals,mth Watery; Savage Beafls with Tame ; Whole- footed Beafls, with Divided; Reptiles, with things GrelTible FoJs of Prey, with Home-bred; thefe again, with River-Fowls ; Airy hfella , wi'th Earth MU Z -iT/f UTd \ "1* Artifidah > Mi Lib ™ l > ^Mechanical; Military with Rufltcal ; and tiutoci w«h Cta/. Which confufed «to hath not a little difcouraged many perfons (otherwife well affiled to the ftudy of Armory ) and impaired the eftimation of the Profeflion. For redrefs whereof my felf ( tho ugh unableft of many) have done my beft, in this my Difplay of Heraldry, to diffolve this deformed Lump, d.ftribut.ng, and digefting each particular thereof into his peculiar Rank, ; where.n, albeit the ifTue of my Enterprife be not anfwerabic to the height of my defires, yet do 1 affure my felf my labour herein will not be altogether fruitlefs • forafmuch as hereby I have broken the Ice, and made way to fome after-comers of greater Gift, and riper Judgment, that they may give a fairer body to this my delinea- ted rough draught, or fhadow of a new-framed method. For if men of greateft skill have faded to give abfoluteform to their works, notwithftanding their beft endeavour* with little reafon may fuch perfection be expefted from me, whofe Talent is fo fmall, as that I am forced to build wholly upon other mens Foundations ; and therefore may be thought to have undertaken an idle task, in writing of things formerly handled and publ.fhed by perfons of more fufficiency and greater judgment. Notwithftanding } 2 a who Mr.. Guillim's Preface to the Reader. who^m^weth nor, that as every man hath his proper conceit and invention, lo hath he his feveral drift and purpofe, fo as divers men writing of one k\f Argument, do han- dle the fame diverfly ? which being fo, what letteth that every of us, writing in a di- verfe kind,may not without offence to other, ufe our uttermoft endeavours to give unto this erft unfhapely and. difproportionable profeffion of Heraldry, a true Symmetria and proportionable correfpondence of each part to other ? Inafmuch ( if I be not decei- ved) both they and my felf do all aim at one mark, which is, fo to adorn and beauti- fie this Science, as that it being purged from her wonted deformities, may become more plaufible to many, and be favourably entertained of all ; which could not beotherwife better effefted, than by diffolving of this Chaos-like or confufed Lump, and diffever- ing of each particular thereof from other, and difpofing them under their peculiar Heads, which is the full fcope of thefe my Travels. Now to the end I might the bet- accom'plifh this Task, after I had carefully colleQed the chief Grounds, Principles, Ruhs, and Obfervations that Ger. Leigb, Bofoell, Feme, Bara, Cbaffaneu*, and other belt appro- ved Authors in their feveral Works have written touching the Rudiments andfiift Princi- ples of Armory ; then did I ferioufly bethink my felf for the orderly diftribution of thofe their difperfed Notei and Obfervations fo by me GoHeftcd, and digefting of them into fome form of Method, or at theleaft into fome Methodical resemblance, wherein 1 hope 1 have in fome fort accomplished my defire , and have for thy better undemanding and apprehenfion (gentle Reader) firft diftributed this work mo Sections, and thofe in- to Chapters, briefly {hewing their feveral fubftances and orderly connexions ; and throughout the whole I have begun with the Genm of each kind, and fevered them into their Species, which alfo are fubdivided into Individual, annexing particular Rules to each feveral fore. Moreover, I have added Definitions, Divifwns, and Etjmolrgies of the Artificial terms peculiarly pertaining to this Art, beftowed the chief Grounds* Ptinciples, Rules and Obfervations under their proper Heads, and manifefted their ufe by examples of fpecial choice , whereby they receive not only warrant, but alfo live- ly fenfe and vigor, in default whereof they would become deftirute or all force, accord- ing to that faying of Areiiut, Prmpta, quantumvh bona is- concinna, mortuafunt, nifl %fe auditor varih exemplh ea re\rs[entat. Finally, to the end that nothing fhould be want- ing that might give thee full contentment , 1 have prefixed before every Setiun an Analogical Table, briefly comprehending the fubftance of each ftbfapem; Spfflto, and that with fuch coherence that each of the faid Tables anfwereth in a Relat.ve refpeS of the one of them to the other ; foas all of them do jump together in an uhiverfa! cohc- rence.as by their particular references doth manifeftly appear, whereby I have brought to pafs (though with long and difficult labour) that in this my Viffkycf HeraUry,'hoa mayeft eafily find (beftowed according to Order) whatfoevcr thou ijefireft cofiCtrmilg the Principles of this Profeffion: So that thou in fhort time,and with much eafe,niarjeft reap not only a profitable Gleaning, but a plentiful Harvtfl of this my long and pajnfid Lucubrations. Farewcl. A A TABLE OF THE HEADS and METHOD Of fuch things for the Difplay of Heraldry As are treated of in this W O R K. Section I. PLain Shields Ermyns Vaire Bordures Files and Labels DiliinStion of Houses Abatements Sed. II. 18 22 Z J 29 Chiefs Tales Bends and Bendlets Fefs Cheverons Barrs and Barrutets Gyrons Tiles Flanches Orles Croffes Saltires TaUets Two or three Ordinaries in onejljield 67 39 4 J 41,66 47 49 ?! J4 6* Sed. III. Ant els and Spirits Spheres and Stars Sun and Moon Crefcents Flames, (3a Mullets Nebule Efcarbuncle Stones Trees and Leaves Fruits Rofes Wheat-ears and Sheaves Flower de Lis 74 77 82 8y 87 90 95 94 9? 97 101 1(5? 106 Trefoils , Quaterfeils , and Cinquefoils Flowers Gut tee Heaths heads and bones Elephants Horjes, Affes , Bulls, Goats, &c. in whole and in fart, 119 Stags, Bucks andT)eer 124 Bucks heads 128 XJni corns 130 109 in "3 114 118 Camels, Boars, Sheep, (Sc. in whole and ' in part, 131 Lions 1 34 Lions heads and paws 1 45 Tigers, Bears, and Wolves, "47 Greyhounds and Dogs 149 Foxes, Cats, Ermyns, 1 y 1 Squirrels , Rabbets, Moles , Hedghogs ,Tortoijes, ibid. Toads, Spiders, Emmets, 1 J4 Grajhoppers 156 Snakes, Snails, 1^7 Swans, Ducks, Cranes, and Herns, iy8 Spread Eagles 161 Wings, Feathers, and Legs, 16} Hawks, Owls , and Birds , 166 Martlets 1 70 Teacocks , Turkics , 172 F//W , .fifcr, 6S>f. 175 Eeles, Dolphins, Crabs, and other fifi, ij$ Efcallop-Jhells and other /hells 178 Effigies of tnenfSc. 182 Tarts of men 1 84 Otters TABLE, 189 190 Otters Leofards Leopards faces Griffins, h r iverns, Cockatrices Mermaids ficc. 1 92 Lions and other BeaHs not freely born 95" Sec». IV. CrowuT, Scepters , Garters, &c. Cardinals Hats, Mi- ters, Crofiers, 202 Swords, Maces, 207 Rings, Annulets, 208 Billets 210 'Pens, Inihorus, Letters 2 1 1 Fidles, Pipes, and other In- ftruments ZI2 Celeftial Signs 2 1 3 Plows, if arrows, Checker- wheels, 2I4 Spindles, Cards, Barrels,! 16 Maunches 217 Combs, Varies, 2 1 8 'Pellets, Plates, Hurts, Be- zants, 2 1 9 Pick-axes, Mallets, Squares, Axes, 2 21 Plumets, Compafes,Pinchers, &c. ibid. Caflles, Towers, Tents, 22y Bells, Cufbions, 228 Trejfels, Trevets, Pots, Bel- lows,^. 229 JW/j-, Anchors, 250 ■fio./fj, <£&//>.(■, 2 j j Hunters Horns 232 Bells, Lewres, 2j? Mafcles, Frets, 234 Fifihooks, Nets, and Wee Is , 22y Playing fables, T)ice, 236 Chefs-rooks and Ferdemolins 237 Banners , Spears , Beacons, 'Drums, 239 Trumpets, Fluits , Clarions , 24 j G«;/r battering Rams, 2 44 ^■K'j-, Arrows, and Pheons, 246 WwWds, .S^^ Bills, Lauv- ces, and Ladders, 248 Helmets, Gaunt lets, Legs, 2J4 Saddles, Horfes, Shoes, ztf, Chaflets 2 j8 Shackbolts 2J9 Waterbowgets 260 Torteuxes 262 Lozenges, Fufik, ibid. Sed. V. Co.rfj- c/" fever al Ordinaries 26 s 8ei». VI. Impaled Coats Quartered Coats 285 288 I TO THE MOST NOBLE PRINCE JAMES Duke of Monmouth and Buccleuth, ^iA D a° nC i er ^t D f¥! h > h°* dSc0tt Tendale, and mdefir Lord High Chamberlain of Scotland Chief Juftice,and Juftice in Eyre of all his Ma;efties Parks, Chafes, and Forefts on the South fide ofjrm Lieutenant of the County, and Steward of the Town , of Stafford, Lord Lieutenant of the Eaft-Ridin g of Yorh- flnre Governour of the Town and Citadel of Kingflon upon ^// Chancellor of the Univerfity of Cambridge, Mafter of the HorfetohisMa ; efty Captain of his Ma jetties Guard of Horfe S ^ fc0rder0f th£ Garter, Captain General of his Ma;efties Land Forces , and one of the Lords of his Maie- ities moil Honourable Privy Council, &c- May it fleafe your Grace, Here frefent to your Serene View a Treatife of a mofi Sublime Nature , Honour and Arms, the mofi ufeful and ornamental Properties amongft men , rendring the meritorious as Demy Gods. The Title your Grace hath to the one by Birch, Birth , and to the other by your Heroick A&s , would renin m Hnjufc fhould it appear under any other Tutelage. My Lord, I 'have illujlrated it with the Effigies of your Royal Sire his Sacred Majefly , and adorned it with the Robes peculiar to the Peers: And for the comfleating the {aid Work, with great Care, and no fmall Charge^ I have added the Honourable Enfigns of the Nobility , with a feleH number of the Gentry , in fuch accurate Sculptures, that modejily I may fay the like hath not hitherto been at- tempted by any. To whofe protection this Treatife of Ho- nour and Arms ( as your Graces jujl due ) u in all hu- mility dedicated to your Highnefs by, KJ ■ v_JL .-. JL \ t My Lord, Your Graces mod Obedient and'Submiflive Servant, Richard Blome. Nihil eft invention &■ perfe&um [tmiti, TTHis firftScffion flieweth the original beginning and univerfality -*r divtrfe denominations, compofition and voluntary affumption of A ™' and £»j7g«r ■ the original difcipline of them, the Equivoca- tion of the Latin wonMm^and in what fenfe the fame is to be under- flood and taken, the neceffity and ufe of Armwd Enfigns ■ when and by whom they were firft given for remunerations • tSif^ their Bearers, and their with Names . th ^ DefinUhn Diftribution, Blazon, Accidents, and Ptf/tj- ; their Diminutions o^ A. batements j together with many Prm^r, and Obfervatiom as well general as particular, pertaining to Blazon. * The Table of the Firft Se&ion. mm ^ Acci- dents, which are both ' Tin- cture, which confift- ethof General, As when things are born in their natural Colours : [Colours, which J (Single, As white and black. arc either \ \ ( Exactly compounded of white /Special,^ ^ and black , as Red. Declining more to the one »Mixr, > than to the other, with Red, as Yellow , Sanguine , Pur- pure, &c. One colour, viz.. white, which is the Z.e«<>« Skin or Furr. "Black i Ermyn, which is with J black upon white, hite, f Ermyns, white up- on black. Furrs, which confift either of | Two | only, I which Iarc ei- \ ther ) More than one. With black, asl Black { Ermynois , black ; with < U P 011 Y eUow - [yellow, C Pcan ' y cIlow u P on black. ( Verrcy , which is compofcd \ of white and blue , or of J blue and white. With- out black, More than two, J Which is green with yellow, £ or yellow with green . Ermynites, differing from Ermyn by a red hair added to each fide of the fpots. Differences, which are both< Vayre, which is of all Colours, blue and green. Ancient, as Bordures of all forts. except 'Modern,asFiles,Crefcents,Mullets,MartIets, Annulets. r Blazon- I ing> Y wherein - mull be confi- dered The skill of Armory confift- s eth in j Points, j of which' | fomeare ■ Middle, as the Fefs, Honour, and Nombril Points. ' Exact middle point of the \ Chief, and the two ex- I Superiour, < treams thereof, its. the ) Dexterand SinilterBafe Remote J C Points. Precife middle Point of the Bafe of the Efco- Mar (hai- ling, whereof hereaf- ' ter in I the (ixth ^Section. ('"Acci- dents, t viz.. Parts, which are the t Efco- I cheon, 1 wherein we raufl < obferve the Inferiour, Rebate ments, which confift: chcon, and the two Ex- treams thereof, fcil, the Dexter and Sinifter Bafe Points. r On the middle Point, as the Dclf and the Incfcocheon reverled. '"Some one of the other Points c- J lone, as the Dexter Point [ parted. .Tour, as a Point in a T-ir I I Point - , El f " ("Three, as Point are pla- < where, jMore Champain, Point ced | and do"? Points J Fewer | Plain, and Gore Dimi- nution which l_occupy than one, viz.. Points,! sinifter. than [Two, asaGufiet four, | Dexter and Sini- ifter. Reverfing, which is a tranfpofing or turning upfide V, downof the whole Efcocheon. Kinds, whereof fee the Table of the Second Section. Ornaments without the Efcocheon, whereof fee in the Table of the Sixth Section. DISPLAY HERALDRY. SECT. I. CHAP. I. ; Hofoever fhall addrefs himfelf to write of matters of In- ftruclion, or of any other Ar- gument of importance, it be- hoveth, that before he enter thereinto , he mould refo- lutely determine with him- felf, in what order he will handle the fame : So mall he beft accomplifh that he hath undertaken, and inform the underftand- ing, and help the memory of the Reader. For fo doth Chajflwtus admonifh us ; fay ing, Tritifqu. m ad 'Jcient lam perveniatur, bomtm eft, modumpra- fcribere docendi, g ordinem; quia per ordinem res intelleBa magis deleilant amnios, mentes nutriunt, feujus magis illuminant, & memoriam reddmit clariorem. Such order and courfe of Writing doth alfo procure in the Reader a facility of apprehenfion, as Erasmus noteth ; faying, Pa- ribus difcimiis qua congruo dicuntur ordine , qudm qutc (parsim G! coufusim. What Order is, St. Jiigufliue doth inform us; faying, Ordo eft par mm, difpariumque rerum di- ftributio. This Order is twofold ; the one of Na- ture, the other of Difcipline : the order of Nature (as Doctor Cajius noteth) is a progrdlion from Simples to things Compound : contrariwife, the order of Difcipline is a proceeding from things Compound to Simples. As touching the order that I have prefixed to my felf in this Difplay of Heraldry, you lhall underftand, that forafmuch as the handling of one of thefe alone, fufficeth not to the effecting of my intended Method, I mull: of force make ufe of them both in fome fort accord- ing to their diftincl: kinds. Wherein albeit the or- der of Nature in right Ihould have the prece- dence, as the more worthy, quia Natura regitur abinteUigentianou err ante: neverthelefs in re- gard my principal purpofe tendeth to the prefcri- bmg of a form of Difcipline,whereunto thefe to- kens which we call Arms mull be reduced, and therein to manifell rather their Location than their Generation, their Ufe than their Effence, their Shadow than their Subftance ; I am con- ftrained to prefer die latter (which ferveth di- rectly for my purpofe) before the former, which tendeth thereto but collaterally,- whofe dignity notwithflanding I purpofe rcgardflilly to oblerve, when I mall come to the distribution of things Natural in their proper places. But before I enter my Method, I hold it expe- dient (though I do fomewhat digrefs) by way B of 2 A Difplay of Heraldry. Sed. I of introduction to the better conceiving and un- derftanding of that which (hall be herein handled, briefly to offer to the confideration of the Judi- cious Reader, fome few things of neceifary note, touching the Subject of this Work : Such are thofe enligns or marks which we call Arms in En- glilh, and in Latine Arma ; which being a word of equivocation or ambiguity, needed) lbme ex- plication ; T)igredi enim qnaiidoqtte licet ex cau- fai 11011 autem divagari : for fo it is very requifite, "to the end it may be certainly known in what fenfe this word is to be here taken, quia difienti poUenda funk vera G> certa. It is therefore to be obferved that this word Arma in Latine is fometimes taken for very na- tural inftruments, and in this fenfe doth Doctor Cajius ufe the fame, where he faith, Arma bellms natura dedit, ut Leoui dentes,Serj>enti aculeum, &c. Sometimes it is taken for all manner of in- ftruments pertaining to Mechanical Trades, as Arma Riiflicornm,Raf}ra, Ligones, S> hujufmodi. Alfo Arma Coqumaria, lebes, patella, tripus, olla, (sc. AnaV'irg. RLv.eid. j. fpeaking of the neceiTaries pertaining to Shipping,faith, tolligere arma jubet, validijq; incumbere remis. Sometimes it is taken for all forts of warlike I inftruments ; and in this fenfe doth Doctor Cajius take it , faying, At hommibus arma mduftria ■Rnxit, eoque finxit, tit fro imperto ratioms eis uteretur. But this word Arma here meant is not underftood in any of thefe fignifications, but mull be taken in a metaphorical ienfe, for that they do affume a borrowed name (by way of figure call- .ed Metouymia Subjeflf) from the Shields, Tar- gets, Banners, Military CalTocks, and other Mar- tial Inftruments, whereupon they were engra- ven, emboifed, embroidered or depicted : which kinds of furniture and habiliments are peculiar Unto Martial men and profeifed Souldiers , to whom only it pertaineth to bear Armour ; which even at this day we do ufually call by the name of Arms. And of them in procefs of time did thefe enfigns or marks receive their denominati- on, and were called Arma, in Englilh Arms, as Abra. Fra. noteth, faying, Arma appellantur, qubd ohm folis militibus datafuerum, qui arma gerere folent. Nam cum iff a fit gloria armis, ut inftrumentis comparata , placuit ipfam quoque mercedem arma appellare. Claudius Fauchet faith, that Arms have their Appellation or Denomination, becaufe Military men bare their Devices,or Inventions depicted upon their Coat-Armours, and in and upon their fhields : Claudius Fauchet. Arms were called Symbola, which fignifieth Signs, Tokens, or Marks, given in time of Hofti- lity, or of Civil Tumults, by Captains to their Souldiers, or by the Authors of Rebellion to their pernicious Alfociates aud Confederates, for diftinguifliing of particular perfons,as well among themfelves, as from their Enemies ; for the better avoiding fuch inconveniencies (as I fhall prefently fhew when I come to fpeak of them, and ufe of Arms.) Thefe Armorial Notes (fo much in ufe with us at this day) are oftentimes called Jnjigma, which name, as Aldrovandus fuppofeth, proceeded of the barrennefs of the Latine tongue ; his words are thefe , Infignium nomen ex lingua Latina videtur fuxijje incpia, certi vix almd vocabu- lumhuic magis quadrat, quod ' hac pracipui vir- tutis ® gentilitatis five uotafive fignum Jit. How far the extent of this word Infiguia, or Enligns, doth dilate it felf, we may perceive by this,that it comprifeth generally all Signs,Marks, and Tokens of Honour, due to well deferving perfons, either in refpect of their Government, Learning, Wifdom, Magnanimity, &c. Thefe albeit tliey have no government annexed to them, yet have they in them much honour, and eftimation, as were thofe Pontifical Ornaments, and Enfigns, wherewith Simeon the High Prielt was adorned and furnilhed at fuch time as he went to meet Alexander, by means whereof his fury was appeafed. In the like fort did Pope Leo attire himlelf, when he went to meet Attila the Scythian Prince ; who having fubdued the Coun- try of Hungary, and deftroyed Aquileia in Italy, came forwards to Rome with like intent. So alfo did Pope Benedict mitigate the fury of Tot i la, as if there lurked fome fecret force and majefty in the very Ornaments and Enfigns. Of the number of thefe Enligns, are thofe notes, marks, and ftiapes of Animals, that Mar- tial men ufed to adorn the Crefts of their Helm- ets withal, to make themfelves more eminent in the .Field : and to the end there might be better notice taken of their valorous actions, when they encountred their Enemies in Battel : or mould draw on their Forces to fight. Whereof we fhall have caufe to fpeak hereafter in place more con- venient, when we fliall come to Treat of them particularly. The ufe of thefe was yet extended farther than the adorning of Shields and Helmets only : For Ships alfo and other Navigable Veffels, were alfo garnifhed and beautified in their Fore-decks, yea, and that in very ancient time, for the diitinguifh- ing of one Ship from another ; as we may fee , Atfs 28.1 i.'^Vhere Taul faith,he went in a Ship whofe badge was Caftor and Tollux. Alfo the Fore-deck of the Ship that carried away Europa, had a form of a Bull painted thereon, which gave occafion to the Fable,that a Bull had ftollen away Europa. Neither did the Ancients only ufe this, but it hath been a received Cuftome in all Ages fithence,and yet continued with us unto this day. Hereof it cometh that we give the Ships the names of the things that are depicted upon them, as the Bull, Bear, Lyon, Tyger, &c. Arms then as they are here meant, according to their Original and firft Ufe, may be thus de- fined : Arms are tokens or refemblances, fignify- ing fome act or quality of the Bearer. Or thus, Thefe Signs called Arms are nothing elfe but De- monftrations and Teftimonies of Nobility and of Worthy prowesful exploits performed in Martial fervices, efpecially if they be ancient, and be- ftowed Chap. I. flowed by a Noble and Renowned Prince ; And this is according to their ufe in the time of Alex- ander the Great, and fince, until of later times ; But according to their modern (I mean fince the time of Charles the Fourth) and prefent ufe, Arms may be faid to be Hieroglyphical or Enig- matical Symbols or Signs, tcftifying and demon- * (hating the Nobility or Gentry, acquired by the vertue and good fervice performed by their Bear- er or fome of his Anceftors, either in Martial Ex- ploits abroad, or by their Learning and Wifdom, which they attained to, by fpendmg their bodies and fpirits in continual ftudy, to make themfelves fit for the patronage and defence of the Weal- Publick at home. How great the dignity and eftimation of Arms ever hatli been, and yet is, we may eafily con- ceive by this, that they do delight the beholders, and greatly grace and beautihe the places where- in they are erected ; lb alfo they do occafion their fpectators to make lerious inquifition,whofe they are, who is the owner of the houfe wherein they are fet up, of what Family their Bearer is dei- cended, and who were his next, and who are his remote Parents or Anceftors. It is very probable that thefe Signs, which we call Arms at this day, howfoever in former Ages they have been named (whether Emblems or Pictures, graven, painted, or embolTed, or notes reprefenting fome fecretor hidden My ftery j as Hieroglypfucks, or Enigmatical, or hidden con- ceits) they were external notes of the inward difpofition of the mind, manifefting in fome fort the natural qualities of their Bearers, yet fo as they were hidden from the vulgar fort, and known to the judicious only, experimented in the knowledg of the natural vertues and difpofitions of Bodies Celeftial, of Animals, and of Vegeta- bles, &c. Thefe in their beginning and firft inftitution, were not beftowed upon vulgar perfons, neither were their intendments fitted for common capa- city, but fuch as were extracted out of the bow- els, and very entrails of Nature, and were neither obfeure to the Learned, nor over-familiar to the Common fort. Between Arms and Names there is a certain conformity, fo that as it is a thing unlawful for a man (but upon great occafion) to change his name ; tSi'c ne que arma (faith Chaffan.') mutare lie et,mfi magna cf> honor ifica caufa accefferit ; and another faith, ANomimbus ad Arma bomtm de- ducitur Argumentum. There are fometimes Arms born that may feem to have been devifed (in their firft inftituti- on) according to the Surnames of the Bearers, as a Bear for Urfoune, three Caftles for Cafiletou, three Conies for Cones by, &c. Whether thefe be either better or more ancient than other Arms, it is a queftion of more difficulty to be refolved,than commodious if it were known. If there were two diftinCt Families of one Sur- name, yet bearing feveral Coat-Armours, it is no confequence that they are originally illued from 3 the fame Anceftours ; for their agreement of their Surnames may be faid to be a probability, but yet it is no proof, that they are both extract- ed from the fame Anceftours, unlefs there be withal a refemblance of their Coat-Armours, which are the exprefs notes of diftinction. In cafe where there are two Families, diverfe in Name, and illued from feveral Parents ; and both of them do bear one and the felf fame Coat- Armour, and the Name of one of them is agre- able to the Coat-Armour,and the other dilfonant from the fame; the fame being in queftion to whether of them this Coat doth properly apper- tain: it may be probably conjectured, that he is intereifed in the Coat-Armour whofe appellation is agreable therewith ; rather than he , whofe name hath no conformity -with it. For Names were inftituted for differencing of each perfon from other feverally, according to the faying, Stent Nomina invei.ta funt ad cognofcendos he- mines: It a Arma & hifignia ad recognofcenduni homines Junt mventa. If two men of feveral Families fhall bear one Coat-Armour , and have their abode in one Country or Territory ; and one of them can pro- duce no more proof why he doth arrogate the propriety thereof, than the other can ; in fuch cafe the caufe fhall be queftioned before the Sove>- raign, or before fuch as do from him derive their authority, for the hearing, examining, and de- termining cafes of this nature ; Otherwife , if either of them can prove that his Anceftors re- ceived the fame of the Kings Gift, as a remune- ration for fervice done, the Arms fhall be adjudg- ed to be his. Alfo there is between thefe Arms and their Bearers a kind of Sympathy or natural participa- tion of qualities, infomuch as who fo dilhonoura- bl'y or unreverently ufeth the Arms of any man ; feemeth to have offered indignity to the perfon of their Bearer,fo as (according to fome Authors) their owner fhall right himfelf againft fuch an of- fender, or wrong-doer, Act i one Injur i arum. As touching the Antiquity of thefe Signs which we call Arms, Diodorus Siailus maketh men- tion, that Ofjris furnamed Jupiter the Jufl, Son to Cham the Curfed Son of Noah, called of the Gentiles Janus, being banillied from the bleffed- Tents of Shem and Jafhet; by reafon of the Curfe fallen upon his Father, was conftrained to feck fome remote place wherein he might fettle himfelf, his children, and people : for which pur- pofe he affembled a great Army, and appointed Hercules his Eldeft Son Captain. And in this fo ancient an expedition of Wars, as well Ofyris 'himfelf as Hercules, Macedon and Anubis his Sons and others, did Paint certain Signs upon their Shields, Bucklers, and other Weapons ; which Signs were after called Arms : As for ex- ample 0(yris bare a Scepter Royal, infigned on the top with an Eye ; Hercules a Lion Rampant holding a Battle-axe ; Macedon a Wolf, and A- nubis a Dog. And we find in Homer and in Vir- gil, that the Hero's had their Signs or Marks , whereby A Dffplay of Heraldry. 4 A Difplay of Heraldry. Sed. I. whereby their pcrfons were diftinctly known,and difcerned in Battel, as well as their Kings and Commons had their Publick Enfigns : lor the Athenians bare the Owl, the Terjians an Anchor or Sagittary ftamped on their Coins ; the Romans bare an Eagle, Minotaur,and fundry other lhapes, which ([according to Tliny) they bare in Battel unto the time of Marias, who bare in his Enfign an Eagle, Argent, Figured and EmboHed,i5>/j' une haute longue, as may be feen in ancient Medals, and chiefly in which is found this word, Allocu- tio. Taulus Rimilius fdith, that anciently the French Kings did bear, Argent, three Diadems, Gules. Others fay they bare three Toads,Sable, in a field, Vert, alias Sinople, which cannot be good Armory, as the Matters of that Myftery do hold, becaufe of Colour upon Colour. W hence they received thofe Arms is not cer- tainly known, unlefs they had them from the Romans. But their opinion is more probable who by the Blazon of the Shield of France, would lhew that the firft Franks confifling of SicamiriCa people of Gfm,z;/)',inhabiting the Marches diFrizeland towards Holland, Zealand, and Gelderlind') gave unto them Azure, which refembleth the water (which being calm reprefenteth the colour of the Heavens)and therein three Flowers de Lis Or, which do grow plentifully in thofe Marches, and do ilourilh in May and June. Others affirm, that the fame was fentbyan Angel from Heaven to C/ovis, the firft Chriftian King of France. But Gregory of Tours in his Hiftory mentioned no fuch thing, neither doth it appear that they bare thofe Arms before the time of King F'efin, but after the time of Lewis le Grojje : at which time it feemeth that Armories began to become hereditary, and were transferred from Father to Son in each Family. In the firft aflumption of thefe Signs, every man did take to himfelf fome fuch Beaft, Bird, Filh, Serpent, or other Creature as he thought beft fitted his Ellate, or whofe nature and quality did in fome fort quadrate with his own,or where- unto himfelf was in fome refpecl in quality like, or wifhed to be refembled unto. Ex iis quibus quifqne m ixime deleclatur quoits etiarn fit ipfe cognofcitnr. The reafon is, for that no man is delighted but with things that are like himfelf. Therefore wherein any man is fpecially delight- ed, himfelf alfo is found to be in quality much like unto them. Zanchius de immortalitate Ani- m arum 123. Whereofit cometh that our Souls albeit they are naturally delighted with things that pleafe, and delight the External Senfes, yet ihall we find that by how much the mind is more generous and no- ble, by io much the more doth it apprehend a more folid delight in tilings pertaining to the in- ward faculties, thanin fuch as pertain tothe ex- tenor ienfes, as we may fee in thofe Arts where- M-the Phantafie is chiefly exercifed; whereby they receive a greater contentment of things per- taining to the mind; that is to fay, as well Moral, as Natural, and Supernatural Philofophy. For like as our exteriour fenfes are delighted with corporal, and corruptible things ; fo in like man- ner are our minds atfecTred to things Spiritual and eternal , and are wonderfully delighted in them by reafon of the Sympathy of their natural qua- lities. Similitude non etirrit quatuor fedibus (lit aiunt in Scholis~) many things may be like yet nothing like in all points or refpe&s. As their Inftitution is not new, but very anci- ent, derived ahnoft from the beginning of the world ; fo their ufe was not limited, or reftrained to fome few particular Nations, Kingdoms and Countries, but moft largely fpread all the World over, infomuch, as there is no Nation, Country or People, fo favage or barbarous, but that they have their particular Signs, whereby they may particularly and diftindly be known and difcern- ed from others. As in Example. u CJfraelites ~> f The Hebr. Letter Tarn £ ) Scythians / A Thunderbolt, ° lEgypiansVfjknOxz, .2 S Thrygians-l'% ^ A Swine, yhraciaus f g \Mars, £ ) Romans f ^ ) An Eagle, f -1 I Terfians ) £ (how and Arrows, Corali a Savage people of Toutus bare 2 Wheels. And Tlatarch in the life of Marias faith, that the Cimbnans, a People inhabiting the parts of Denmark, Norway, and the Almams , which in thofe days were cruel, and barbarous , never- thelefs had their Shields adorned with the forms and lhapes of favage and cruel beafts, as alfo their Targets, and other Military Inftruments fuited accordingly, and that in fuch multitudes, and in fuch glorious and glittering manner , that they dazled the eyes of the beholders. Neither were thefe Signs particularly reftrain- ed unto Nations, Countries, and Provinces but they were fo univerfal , as that there was no Tribe, particular Perfon or Family,but had their Armorial Signs or Notes, whereby they were not only diftindtly known, and difcerned from other forreign Tribes and Families ; but alfo apparent- ly difcerned (amongft themfelves) one from ano- ther, by means of interpofition of fome minute or fmall differences , which after-comers were forced to devife for the prefervation of Common peace and unity, when the multitude of Bearers (through long tracb of time) increafed excef- fively. Achilles had his Shield beautifully adorned with great variety of things Celeflial, as the mo- tion of the Sun, Moon, Stars, Planets, and other the Celeftial Spheres,the Scituation of the Earth, and the adjacent Iflands, the Seas with the ebbing and flowing thereof, &c. whereof I lhall have better occalion offered to fpeak more at large hereafter. Alfo Amfhiaraus (as Tindarus the The ban Chap. I. A Diftlay Theban Poet affirraeth ) in his expedition to Thebes, bare in his Shield a painted Dragon. Capaucus one of the feven Captains that be- fieged Thebes, bare the manifold headed Hydra that Hercules fought withal, as Siatius the Neapolitan Poet reported. 'Polynices a Sphynx. Agamemv.ou in the Trojan Wars bare in his Shield a Lion, with this Epigram, Terror hie eft honnw.m, & qui nunc gent eft Agamemnon. Vlyffes bare a Dolphin, and a Typhon brea- thing" "out flarnes ot fire ; Terfetis Medufa's head ; Antiochus a Lion with a white wand ; The feus an Oxe ; Seleucus a Bull ; Auguftus a Sphinx, with infinite others which I purpofely overpafs. Thefe Signs or Tokens were in their fn-ft pro- duction rpughrhewen (as I may term them) and rude, as alio thole other notes or figns that we now call Badges or Cognizances : fo as they may be faid to have been rather painted Em- blems, than exquifite tokens of honour, or ab- folute figns or badges : in the time of their firft inllitution they received divers denominations, as Signs, Enfigns, Tokens, Marks, Cognizan- ces, f$e. But when in After-ages they had been polifhed and refined, then were thefe To- kens or Signs, that had been formerly (after a rude fafhion) handled together, more carefully diftinguilhed , fo as thofe which we now call Crefts or Cognizances, worn upon the helmets of Military perfons in the field, were diftinctly known from thofe that were born in the Shields and Targets, which we now call Arms in En- glifh, and in Latin Artna. Men of ancient times deviled and invented many things ingenuoufly and with great care and confideration, butfi- nifhed them not ; but recommended them to pofterity, to be by them brought to perfection, according to that faying, Invenit antiquitas, pofteri ferfecerunt, neither doth this derogate ought from the ftudious, and induft ry of the Ancient,neither is this any indignity unto them; Non erubejeat antiquitas (faith Chaffaneus~) Ji quid melius horum qua if (a tradidit, Novitas adinvenit : for nothing is devifed and perfected at an inflant, but it is continuance of time,and much labour and induftry that brings it to per- fection. Thefe Signs,Marks, Notes, Enfigns, or what- foever elfe you pleafe to name them, are not all of one fort, for fome of them may be applied to peace, and others to military ufe ; and of each of thefe there are divers kinds or forts : For fome of them are exprefs notes of govern- ment and authority or jurifdiction, others have no authority at all annexed to them. Like as there is an abfolute Authority or Ju- rifdidtion Royal, free from all limitation, and another faid to be a mixt government ; yea,and that as well in Civil Policy , as in Ecclefialtical Jurifdiction : fo are alfo the Enfigns feveral, as well thofe that pertain to the City, or Com- mon-wealth, as alfo thofe that belong to Eccle- fiaftical Government. of Heraldry. 5 Thofe Enfigns that are remote or exempted from Government and Authority are diverfe, according to the divcrfky of conceipts of the firft inftitutors or devifers of them. For fome of them are in manner Vulgar and Common, and fuch as may fall to the lot of a perfon of mean condition : others again of more fubtile and deep invention ; exquifite, beautiful, and honourable, and are remunerations or rew ards of fome noble exploits, of mecr divine wits, or of fome rare or excellent vertue, as a recom- pence of memorable and worthy deferts. I know fome are of opinion that thefe tokens or figns, which we do call Arms, were utterly unknown to the ancient Greeks and Romans ; and their memory not to be found with their Nations : They do confefs that the Romans did make the fame ufe of their Images that we do at this day by our Arms, viz. to produce them for teftimonies of their generous race. Some other are of opinion, that they were excogitated and brought in ufe by Charles the Great and the Lombards , and fome again do fuppofe, they began in the time of Frederick Barbaroffa, but the contrary appeareth by Au- thentical proof, as I have even now fhewed : well may their opinion ftand with reafon, that do hold , that the difcipline of Arms in the Reign (or rather)during Imperial Government oPTheodo/ius, and in the time of Charles the Great, was brought to fome kind of perfection, and withal more generally propagated and dif- perfed, according to that faying of Abra. Fra. Carolo Totentiffimo hnperaute hac @ diftinBi- iis explicatafuiffe, frequent ills ufurpata elu- cefcit. The principal end for which thefe figns were firft taken up, and put in ufe was,- that they might ferve for notes and marks to diftinguifn tribes, families, and particular perfons, each from other ; but this was not their only ufe, for that they ferved alfo to notifie to the ingenuous beholder of them (after fome fort) the natural quality and difpofition of their Bearers ; and fo behooveful was this invention thought to be, and their ufe fo reafonable, as that they have been entertained of all fucceeding pofterities, among all Nations, and continued (even to this day) without any immutation or alteration of their primary inftitution. Thefe Armorial En- figns thus ingenioufly devifed had a further ufe ; for they ferved alfo for the more commodious diflribution of Nations, Tribes, and Families, into Regiments and Bands ; as alfo for ailem-' bling, conducting, and governing of them in martial expedition , and diftinguifhing ( as I have fhewed) of particular perfons in wars, as well amongft themfelves as from their enemies ; becaufe it often falleth out by reafon of the like- nefs of Armour and Weapons, of Difcipline of War, and of Language and Voice (in default of fuch figns) that much treachery is wrought,and many men after battle or skirmilh do make their retreat to the troops of the Enemy, to the C danger A Difplay of Heraldry. danger of their furprifc, orlofs of life : So then it is clear that this is one life of thefe Notes, or Marks of diftinction called Arms, that if a man lhall meet or encounter us, we do forthwith dis- cover by the note or mark that he beareth whe- ther he be friend or enemy ; and for fome of thofe ufes and ends which I have formerly iliewed, Thefe Armorial Enfigns have received approbation in the higheft degree, even from the mouth of God himlelf (who, when he pre- fcribed unto Mofes and Aaron a Form of order- ing and conducting the Ifraelttes in their paf- fage towards the Land of the Promife, did ex- prefly command the ufe of Armorial Signs,fay- ing, Ftlti Jfraelis quifque juxta vexiUum fo- unt cumfignis fecundum domum Majorum fuorum caftra habento : which order he required to be obferved not only in the conduction of them in their journey, but alfo in the pitching and rai- fing of their Camp. In which precept we may obferve, that God maketh mention of two forts of Enfigns ; the one general,the other particular ; and that thefe latter were no lefs needful than the former ; for the orderly governing and conducting of fo huge and populous a multitude as the Ifraelites were, in a journey fo long, and withal Subject to infinite dangers. The nrft fort of thefe En- figns, God calleth Vexilla, that is to fay Stand- ards or Banners, which ferved for the conducti- on of their feveral Regiments. For the IJrae- lites confuted of twelve Tribes which were di- vided into four Regiments ; that is,to wit,three Tribes to each Regiment, of which every one had a particular Standard,which as they differed in colour one from another, fo did they doubt- lefs comprehend in them feveral and diftinct Forms. Here may arife a twofold queftion concerning thefe Standards before mentioned ; the one, what colour each of them were ; the other , what forms and fhapes were depicted on them. As to the colour,£ynz upon the fecond of 'Num- bers, faith, Qualia font ifta Vexilla in Textu non habetnr, fed dicunt aliqui Hebnei quod VexiUum ciijujlibet Tribus, erat fimile colori lapidit pofiti in rationali, in quo infer iptum e- rat nomen ipfius Reuben, 35 fie de aliis. And as to their feveral Forms, Martinus Borhaus in his Commentary upon the fame place, hath this faying, Tradmit Veteres in Reubenis vexillo Mandragoram depiffamfu- ijfe, quam Hie in agro colleBam matri Lia: at- tulerat ; in Jehuda; Leonem, eui ilium benedi- e-endo pater Jacobus eontnlerat. In Ephraim vexillo, Bovu fpecies, In Danis vexillo, fer- pentis Imago, qui ferpeuti ® en/nbro a Jacobo comparatus erat, fiat ~Dan coluber in via. And inConclulion he faith, Sit fides penes Aut bo- res. This fort of Enfign according to Calepine, is called V 'xillmn quafi parvum velum, ® acci- pitur (faith he) pro figno quo in exercitu vel clajfe Imperatores utmnur. The ufe of thefe Sea. j. Standards doth confift herein, that they beinw born aloft upon a long pole or Staff apparent to every mans view, the Souldiers may be thereby directed (upon all occafions of fervice) and by the light ot them may be dillevered and united at all times, as the necefJity of the fervice fhaU require. Of this ufe, Lyra upon the fecond of Numbers faith, Vexilla in perticis elevan- tur, ut ad eorum afpeBuw bellatores dividan- tur & uniantur : for like as a Ship is guided in the furging Seas by the Stern or Rattier, even fo are the Souldiers ordered in their Martial Exploits by their Standard or Enfign. The other forts of Enligns God calleth Signa fecundum domum Majorum fuorum : whereby is meant (if I be not deceived) the particular Enfigns or Tokens of each particular Family, and of the particular perfons of each Family. For fo do I underftand that expofition of Lyra upon the fame place, Signa propria font in vc- Jlibus & jcutis, quibus bellatores mutub fo cognofuut , Eg foos ab Adverfariis diflm- guunt. But here we mult put a difference between thefe words Arma SS Lifigtua, and we mult fe- parate thofe things that are proper to Arms from fuch as pertain to Enfigns. Arms therefore being taken in the largeft fenfe (as I have hitherto in this Difcourfe uied the word) may be faid to be either Publick or Private. Such are faid to be Publick Arms, as have fome Soveraign authority or jurisdiction annex- ed to them. Of the firlt fort are fuch Arms as are born by Emperours, Kings, andabfolute Princes, and free Eltates, having Soveraign authority and power within their leveral Empires, Kingdoms, and Territories. Thefe in propriety of lpeech cannot be aptly faid to be the Arms of their Stock or Family, whereof they are defcended, but do ^ rather reprefent the nature of Enfigns, than of Arms, in regard of the publick autho- rity to them annexed ; as alfo in refpect that whofoever lhall fucceed them in thofe fupream Governments lhall bear the fame Arms, as the exprefs Notes and Testimonies of fuch their fe- veral Jurisdictions, though they be extracted from Aliens or forraign Families. For fo nei- ther is the Eagle the peculiar Arms of the houfe of Auflria , nor the Lions of the Family of Tlantagenet, nor the Flowers de Lis of the houfe of Valois. And thefe Arms or Enfigns may no man elfe bear, or yet mark his Goods withal, unlefs it be that in token of Loyalty he will fet up the Kings Arms in his houfe, and place his own Arms underneath. And there are certain Enfigns of Dignity and Office which every man having the lame Dignity or Office may lawfully bear, as the Enfigns of a Procon- ful, the Enfigns of a Bilhop. And thefe are pe- culiar to thofe only that have the exercifing of fuch Dignity or Office ; if any other fhallufurp the bearing or ufe of them, he incurreth the crime Chap. F. A Difplay of Heraldry. 7 crime of Forgery. Private Arms are fuch as are proper to Private perfons, whether they be numbred in rank of the greater Nobility, as Dukes, Marqueiles, Earls , Vifcounts and Ba- rons, having no fove.raign or abfolute power : or of the lelfer Nobility or Gentry, Knights, Efquires and Gentlemen ; neither yet are they Enligns of any ordinary dignity, but peculiar to their Family, and may be infinitely transferred to their Polterity. For Arms or Armorial Tokens pertaining to fome particular Family ; do defcend to every peculiar perfon extracted from the fame Agna- tion, whether they be heirs to their Father or Grandfather, or not. Sometimes the bearers of thefe do fo greatly multiply, as that they are conlirained for diftincfron fake, to annex fome apportion over and above their Paternal Coat to them defcended, for differencing the perfons. Quod Ifcitum eft,Jtcut uomnu addere ''jwanemen, which they may nolefs lawfully do, than to add a Chriftian name to a Surname, to diftinguilh two Children iifued from one Pa- rent. Thefe Arms are fometimes compofed of Na- tural things, as of fome kinds of Celeiiial Bo- dies, viz. of the Sun, Moon, Stars, Sr. Some- times of four footed Beafts, or of Birds, or of Serpents, or of Fiihes, or fome other Reptiles, or elfe of fome kind of Vegetables, as Trees, Shrubs, Flowers, Fruits, Leaves, &c. Or elfe of fome folid things, as Caftles, Towers, Moun- tains, (Sr. Or of things pertaining to Arts Liberal , or Trades Mechanical, (Sc. Some- times again they are compact of none of thefe, but do coniiit only of the variations of Ample Colours, counterchanged by occallon of Tranf- verfe. Perpendicular, or whatfoever other Line tiled in Coat-Armour , whether the fame be Straight, Crooked, Bunched, &c. Whereby palling through the Efcocheon , either Tra- verfe, Oblique, or Direct, the Colours become tranfmuted or counterchanged ; of all which I ihall have occafion to fpeak hereafter in their particular place. If queftion happen to arife touching the right of fome defolate place, or ruinated building, if in digging up the_ mines, or taking up of the foundation thereof, there be found any known Coat-Armour ; the quellioned place ihall be ad- judged to appertain to that Family, to whom that Coat-Armour belongeth. If any man be attainted or convicted of Trea- fon, for betraying his Country, or of Herefie, to the end he fhould be branded with a greater note of infamy, his Arms are rafed, broken down and utterly defaced. Sometimes it falleth out that if a Noble Fa- mily be extinguifhed by the death of the laft of the fame fdeceafing without iifue) whereby the bearing ol the Arms proper to that Lineage is f.om thenceforth abolilhed : The Arms are in- terred in the grave, together with the Corps of the Delimit After long trad of time, thefe Tokens which we call Arms,became remunerations for fervice; and were beftowed by Emperours, Kings, and Princes, and their Generals and chiet Com- manders in the field upon Martial men, whofe valorous merits even in juftice, required due re- compence of Honour anfwerable unto their worthy aits, the remembrance whereof could not better be preferved and derived unto pofte- rity, than by thefe kinds of honourable Re- wards. The firft we read of, that made this ufe of them was Alexander the Great, being- moved thereunto by the perfwaiion of Ariftotle his Schoolmafter : who having obferved his magnificent mind in rewarding bis Souldiers to the full of their deferts, did at length prevail with him fo much, as that lie cauied liim to turn the Current of his Bounty another way, and to recompence his Souldiers with thefe Marks or Tokens of Honour ,• which he be- ftowed on them as Hereditary teftimonies of their glorious merits. In later Ages Charles the Fourth the Emperour, gave Arms alfo un- to Learned men, and fuch as had performed any memorable fervice, or excellent work, there- fore Bartholin, being a moll ex*ert man in the Laws, and one of the Council of the faid Charles the Fourth, received in reward for his Arms from the faid Emperour, this Coat-Ar- mour, -viz. Or, a Lion rampant his tail forked, Gules, which afterward defcended fucceilively to his Children and Pofterity. But Barthclus (though he were a raoft Angular and perfect Civilian) becaufe he was unexperienced in Mar-" tial Difcip!ine,durft not at firft affume the bear- ing of thofe Arms : But afterwards upon bet- ter advice he bare them, knowing how unfit it was to refufe a Reward given by fo Potent an Emperour. And this was a noble Inftitutiori of Charles the Fourth, that not only the Skilful Profeflbrs of the Civil Laws, but the Learned Proficients, and the Judicious Students in other Arts and Profeflions, might receive remunera- tion for their Vertues, Hottos enim alii Artes t omnefque incendunUsr ad (India gloria. Air a. Fra. fag.jb. And without all doubt there is great reafon that Arms mould be diftributed unto men renowned for their Learning and Wif- dom, who with expence, even of their Lives and Spirits in continual Study, to enable them- felves fit for to ferve the Weal publick at home, by Magiftracy, and Civil Government, wherein they may no lefs merit reward of their Prince at home, by their politick managing of Civil Affairs, than the Martial man abroad with his brandimed flaughtering Sword ; fithence they oftentimes in their Civil Government, do pre- fcribe limits to Martial affairs alfo, how far they Ihall extend their power, according to that fay- ing of Cicero ; Offlc. i. T 'arvi fitnt j "oris Arma, ntfi e(l confdinm dofltf And this is the caufe that Arms are given for remuneration in later times, as well to Learned and Religious men, as to Martial men ; yet not fo much for their valour, 8 A Difplay of valour , as for their wifdom, and to honour them withal, according to the faying of a cer- tain Author, Arma dantnr viris Religiofis , non 'propter ftremntatem, fed propter honorem, quia honorabile efl Arma portare; ut'Dotfor in legibus viginti annis per legem Armorum fi- ct Miles, non tamen propter ejus firenuitatem, fed propter ejus dignitatem. The examples of thefc two Great Potentates before mentioned, in remunerating their well meriting Souldiers, faithful Servants and vertu- ous and learned Subjeds, with thefe Signs or Symbols called Arms ; the one,viz. Alexander the Great, for fcrvice done in Wars ; the other, namely Charles the Fourth, for politick mana- ging of Civil Affairs by learning and wifdom at home, have been imitated by divers Emperors, Kings and Princes of fucceeding Ages, ufing therein the miniftry of the Office of Heralds ; as fubordinate Officers thereunto appointed and authorized, referving always to themfelves the fupreamjurifdicrionof Judging and Remu- nerating perfons according to their Deferts ; but ufing the miniftry of the Heralds, as for fundry other ufes of great importance in a State, fo alfo for the inventing and devifing of congruent tokens of Honour, anfwerable to the merits of thofe that {hall receive the fame : to do which although there is a power teeming ab- folute, committed to them by the Soveraign ; yet the fame is reftrained into a power ordina- ry, which is to devife with difcretion Arms, correfpondent to the defert of the perfon, that iTiall be thought worthy to have thefe honour- able badges or tokens of honour bellowed upon him. Nov/ fithence we have had caufe here in this Chapter to make mention of a Herald, it fhall not be amifs to ihew what this word is, and its natural lignification. llere-heaulte. by abbreviation (as Verftegan noteth) Herault, as alfo Heranld, doth rightly fignifie the Champion of the Army ; and grow- ing to be a Name of Office, he that in the Ar- my hath the fpecial charge to denounce Wars, or to challenge to Battle or Combat : in which fenfe our name of Heranlte approacheth the neareft to Fecialis in Latin. CHAP. II. SO much of fuch Notes as are necelTary to be obferved for the better underftanding of thefe things that fhall be hereafter de- livered, touching the Subject of this Work. Now we proceed to the pracrick exercife of thefe Armorial tokens, which pertain to the function of Heralds, and is termed Armory, and ■may be thus defined : Armory is an Art right- ly prefcribing the true knowledg and ufe of Arms. Heraldry. Seft. I Now like as in things natural the effects do evermore immediately enfue their caufes, even fo divifion which is a demonllration of the ex- tent and power of things, muft by immediate confequence follow definition, which doth ex- prefs the nature of the thing defined. Divifion is a diftribution of things common, into things particular or lefs common. The ufe thereof confifteth herein, that by the affiftance of this divifion, words of large intendment and figni- fication, are reduced to their definite and deter- minate fenfe and meaning, that fo the mind of the learner be not milled through the ambiguity of words, either of manifold or uncertain in- terpretations. Moreover it ferveth to illumi- nate the underftanding of the learner, and to make him more capable of fuch things as are de- livered, Ea enim qua divijim traduutur jacili- us intelliguntur. The pracrife hereof fhall be manifefted in the diftribution of the skill of Armory, with all the parts and complements thereof through- out this whole Work. rBlazoning, This Skill of Armory confifts of < and tCMarihalling. Albeit I do here make mention of the Mar- Ihalling, or conjoyning of divers Arms in one Shield, or Efcocheon ; neverthelefs, fithence it is tar befides my purpofe,for the prefent to have further to do with them (in this place) than on- ly to nominate them ; for diftributions fake, I will refervethis kind of Marihalling or conjoin- ing of the Arms of diftinct Families in one Ef- cocheon, unto a more convenient time and place, peculiarly deftinated to that purpofe,and I will proceed to the explication of thofe things which do concern the firft member of this di- ftribution, "uiz-. Blazoning. Blazon is taken, either itrictly for an explica- tion of Arms in apt and fignificant terms, or elfe, it is taken largely for a difplay of the ver- tues of the Bearers of Arms : in which fenfe Chaffaneus defineth the fame in this manner, Blazonia eft quaji alicujus "vera laudatio {ub quibufdamjignis, fecuudum prudeutiam, julti- tiam, fortitudinem & temperantiam. A cer- tain French Armorift faith, that to Blazon is to exprefs what the fhapes, kinds, and colour of things born in Arms are,together with their apt fignifications. Like as definitions are forerunners of divifi- ons, even fo divifions alfo have precedence of rules. To fpeak properly of a rule, it may be faid to be any ftraight or level thing, whereby lines are drawn in a dired: and even form. In refemblance whereof, we here underftand it, to be a brief precept or inftrucf ion for knowing or doing of things aright,as witnelleth Calepine, faying, Regulaper tranflationem dicitur, bre- vis rermn pneceptio, that is to fay, a compen- dious or ready inftrudion of matters. Rules are taken for brief documents prefcri- bed for the delivery, or apprehenfion of fome Art Chap. II. A Difylay of Heraldry. 9 Art or Science ; by thefe the wits and inven- tions of men are much comforted and quick- ned, according to the faying of Seneca, Lt- geiiu vis pneceptit alititr is crefcit, non ali- ter quam [antilla fi.it it levi adjuta , mrvafi que ferjuafioues adjkit innatis , 8 defra- vatas corngit. The force of wit is nourifh- ed and augmented by Rules or Precepts ; like as a ipark is kindled with a foft and gentle fire , and do add new inducements and perfwafions to thofe that are already appre- hended, and correcleth fuch as are depraved and vicious. It follovveth therefore, by due order of con- fequence, that I ihould annex fuch Rules as are peculiar to blazon in genere. For other particular Rules mull be referved to more proper places. The apteft Rules for this place, are thefe immediately following: In Blazoning you muft ufe an advifed deliberation before you enter thereunto ; for having once begun , to recal the fame , doth argue an inconfiderate for- wardnefs meriting juft reprehenfion. The more compendious your Blazon is, by fo much is it holden the more commendable; Quia quod brevnis eft ftemfer delecfabilius habetur. Therefore you mull lliun multipli- city of impertinent words in your Blazon , Frnjlra enim fic per plura quod fieri poteft fer pandora.'. But herein you muft obferve this Caution , that whilft you labour to be compendious , you omit nothing material or necelfary to be exprelfed : For as the one doth eclipfe the undemanding, fo.the other isof- fenfive to memory , as Ariftotle noteth, fay- ing , Omms fermo , fi fit brevior quam opr- tet , obfeurat iutelkttum , fi autem longior , difficile erit retentioni. You muft take fpecial heed to words in Blazon, for a different form in Blazoning ma- keth the Arms ceafe to be the fame ; Di- verfitas enim nominis inducet diverfitatem rei , in tantnm quod nomina fttnt fignificati- va rerum. You muft not be too full of conceits in Bla- zon, nor overforward in fpeech. You muft ufe no iteration or repetition of words in Blazoning of one Coat : COf, Especially of any of thefe four j Or, words, vim. )And, (With. For the doubling of any of thefe, is counted a great fault , infomuch as the offender here- in is deemed unworthy to Blazon a Coat- Armour. In Blazoning yeu muft have regard of the things that are born in Arms : as alfo where- unto they may be reiembled, whether they be natural or artificial , and fo to commend them accordingly. In the Blazoning of any Coat, you muft e- vermore obferve this fpecial Rule. Firft to begin with the Field, and, then proceed to the Blazon of the Charge, if any be. More- over , if the Field be occupied w itli fundry things , whether the fame be of one or di- vers kinds, you muft firft nominate that which lieth next and immediately upon the Field , and then Blazon that which is more remote from the fame. What Field, and Charge are fliall be fhewed in their proper places ; In- terim oportet diftentem credere. Chajjaueus holdeth, that where the Chief of an Efcocheon is of one colour or metal , or more , you fliall blazon the Chief firft ; but I hold it more confonant to reafon, to begin with the Field (becaufe of the priori- ty thereof in nature , as alfo in refpeft that it is the Continent) rather than with the Charge, which is the thing contained, and fo confequently laft in nature. Neverthelefs the French Armorifts for the moft part do bla- zon the Charge firft , and the Field after , which is a courfe meerly repugnant to na- ture; by whofe prefcript order, the place muft have precedence of the thing placed , and the continent of the thing contained : wherefore our Heralds manner of blazon is more agreable to reafon than theirs. There be divers forms of blazon : A certain Dutch- man, who lived in the time of King Henry the Fifth, ufed to blaze Arms by the prin- cipal parts of mans body , as Ab. Fra. wri- teth, fag. 65. Malorques , a French-man, made ufe of flowers for this purpofe. Fan- con, an Englifh-man , who lived in the time of King Edward the Third, performed it by the days of the week. But in former times their Predeceffors ufed only thefe three kinds follow- ing: firft,by Metals and Colours; fecondly, by precious Stones ; and thirdly, by the Celeftial Planets. Out of which fundry forms, I have made choice of thefe three laft which are moft ancient and neceilary, in refpedr that thefe, above alf other, do beft fit my pur- pofe; which is, to apply to each particular itate of Gentry , a blazon Correfpondent. As for example , to Gentlemen having no title of dignity , blazon by Metals and Co- lours : to perfons ennobled by the Sove- raign , by precious Stones : and to Emper- ours, Monarchs, Kings and Princes, blazon by Planets. The two laft of thefe three fele&ed forms are not to be ufed in the blazoning of the Coat-Armours of Gentlemen that are not ad- vanced to fome degree of Nobility, unlefs they be rarely qualif.ed, or of fpecial defert. Thefe feleded forms of blazon , do feem to imply a neceflity of their invention; to the end that as well by blazon,as by degree, Noblemen might be diftinguiihed from Gentlemen , and perfons of Majefty , from thofe of Noble Lineage , that fo a due ^Decorum may be obferved in each Degree , according to the Dignity of their Perfons ; for that it is a D thing IO A Difplay of Heraldry. Sed. I. thing unfitting, either to handle a mean Ar- gument in a lofty ftile , or a ftately Argu- ment in a mean. CHAP. III. SO much of the Definition and general Rules of Blazon. Now will I proceed to the diftribution thereof. The principal means of teaching, and the chief part of Method confifteth in diftinetion, therefore in the explanation or unfolding of this Fabrick of Arms or Armorial Signs , I will ufe fome manifeft kind of diftribution. C Accidents, The blazon of Arms confifteth^ and in their (Parts. I call thofe notes or marks Accidents of Arms, that have no inherent quality or par- ticipation of the Subftance or Eflence of them, but may be annexed unto them , or taken from them ; their Subftance (till remaining; for fo doth 'Porphyrins define the fame, fay- Accideus pot eft adeft'e & abeffe fine ftub- jecli tnteritu. Accidents may be faid to be Cofin-germans to Nothing : For fo , after a fort , doth Ariftotlc reckon of them,' faying , Accideus videtitr ejfe propinquum non enti Metaph.b. For they have no being of them- felves, but as they are in things of being, or annexed to them. As the fame Author fur- ther noteth, Metaph. 7. Accidentia non junt entia, nifi quia (mit entis. Accidents and Forms do agree in this point, that both the one and the other of them being feparated from the Subftance, yet is not the Subftance thereby altered from that it was, but remaineth ftill the fame ; which oc- cafioned many men to think that Forms were Accidents. Thefe cannot alter the matter or fubftance , becaufe they are not of the main , but come upon the by , as it were. Nihil enim tranfmutat materiam, nifi fit m materia. Accidents are in the fubject, , as paffio in patirute, according to that faying, Accidens ut eft in Jnbjecfo, non idem eft in fubjeclo Jed ut eft paffio ejus, eft fibi idem. Such Accidents as arc here meant< and ' are thefe, viz. (Differences. Tincture is a variable hue of Arms, and is common, as well to Differences of Arms as to the Arms themfelves. ... r (Colours , And the fame is diftributed into < and „ . CFurrs. Colour may be faid to be an external die wherewith any thing b coloured or ftained' or elfe it may be laid to be the glofs of a Body beautified with light. And the Colour here mentioned is^anT'' * b ° th , ^ , CSpecial. By general Colour, I underftand the pro- per and natural colour of each particular thing , whether the fame be Natural or Ar- tificial, of what kind foever that are depicted and fet forth in their external and proper beauty. In this refpect all colours whatfi> ever (without exception) may feem to per- tain to this Art , for fo much as there is nothing m tins world fubjected to the fiVht of man, but either is, or aptly maybeboVn in Arms; lo fpacious and general isthefcope of Armory. In blazoning of things born in their natural or proper colour, you ftall on- y term them to be born proper, which is a blazon fufficient for things of that kind, and well fitting their property or nature, for there are no terms of blazon allowed to things born after that fort. 5 By fpecial Colours , I mean fuch colours', as by a certain peculiar propriety (as it were") do belong to this Art of Armory. C Simple, Thefe are both < and CMixt. Simple Colours are thofe , whofe exiftence is of fuch abfolute perfection (in their kind) as that they need not the participation of a- ny other colour to make them abfolute but do communicate their natural qualities to all other colours, to make them perfect-, in which refpect they are called elementa colons as fhall be fhewed hereafter. ' C White, And thofe are i and (Black. To thefe in right belongeth the firft place amongft colours, becaufe in the order of na- ture they were before all other colours i Trio- ra enim ftunt compofitis incompofita: and are of Ariftotle called Elementa colornm , faying Albus ® niger (tint elementa colornm mech- orum. Only White and Black are accounted fimple Colours, becaufe all other colours what- foever are raifed either of an equal or une- qual mixture or compofition of thefe two which are (as I may term them) their com- mon parents. Thefe are faid to be the com- mon parents of all other colours , in refpect they have their original being from thefe , either in an equal or difproportionable mix- ture. Therefore I will begin with them and fo proceed to the reft that we call colo- resmedii, in refpect of their participation of both. Now for as much as practife is the fcope of Doctrines ( to the end thofe things that are , or ftall be delivered , may be the better conceived or born in memory) I have thought good to manifeft them by particular examplesofoculardemonftration.intheplaineft manner that I can devife, Quia quails eff rerum demonftratio, talis fntnra eft bomimim fcientia. Ex- A Difplay of Heraldry. 1 1 Chap.III. Examples and Demonftrations are of great power arid efficacy to illuftrate and bring things to light, wherein brevity, the prop and aid of memory and fweet compa- nion of facility, is highly commended, as Far- nejjus noteth, faying , Nihil eft ad res illtt- minandas illuftrius exemplu, in quibus bre- vitas adjutrix memoria , facilitatis focia , ftemper eft commendata. • White is a colour that confifteth of very much light , as it is of Scribonius defined, Al- bedo eft color /Implex in corfore tenitiore mul- \ J ta Imniuofitate conflaus : \. y to which Black is con- ^v^j^'^ trary. Note, as colours may be refembled to things of greatefi: No- bility or Reputation , lb is their worthi- nefs accounted of accordingly. The colour White is refembled to the light , and the dignity thereof reckoned more worthy than the Black , by how much the light and the day is of more efteem than dark- nefs and the night, whereunto black is likened. Furthermore, white is accounted more wor- thy than black , in refpedf. of the more wor- thy ufe thereof. For men in ancient time were accuflomed to note things well and laudably performed (and efteemed worthy to be kept in memory) with white, and contra- riwife , whatfoever was holden reproachful or difhonourable, was noted with black, as the Poet noteth , faying, Qua laudanda forentfS qua cnlpaitda vicijjini, TUa frius creta , mox hac carbone notafti. Moreover, white challengeth the preceden- cy of black ( according to Upon ) in refpecT: of the priority of time , for that it was in nature before black , which is a deprivation thereof: Like as darknefs, whereunto black is refembled, is an exemption of light , Omnu enim pnvatioprafupponit habitum. Finally, Upton preferreth white before black, in re- gard that white is more eafily difeerned, and further feen in the Field. This colour is mod commonly taken in Blazon for tlie metal Silver, and is termed Ar- gent, wherefoever the fame is found, either in Field or Charge. This metal reprefenteth Water,_ which (next to the Air) is the no- bleft of all the Elements, and in Armory it is termed Argent , for that it approacheth near to the Luminary Bodies. To this metal is given the fecond place next to Gold , in regard that the Armory cannot be good, that hath not in it either Gold or Silver: It alfo, for another caufe, bare the refemblance of Water , which fcoureth , cleanfeth , and putteth away all filth and uncleannefs : For in Blazon it betokeneth innocency, clean- nefs of life and chaftity ; amongft Complexi- ons it is likened to flegm. As for the elteem of this metal Silver, we may obferve in all Ages , that Emperours , Kings , and Princes had, and yet have, their Vellels of chief ufe of Silver. As for the abundance of this me- tal , you may read % Chrou. g, how every man brought unto Solomon prefents, being Vejfels of Silver and Vejfels of Gold , and Rayment and Armour , and fn-ect Odors , Horfes and Mules from year to year. And the King gave Silver in Jerufalem as Stones, &c. Such was the plentiful abundance of this metal in the days of Solomon. In com- pofition of Arms , it is accounted a fault wor- thy blame to Blazon this otherwifc than Ar- gent; but in doubling of Mantles it is not lo taken : for therein it is not underflood to be a metal, but die skin or furr of a lit- tle Beaft called a Litnite , fo named (as I conceive) of Lithuania, now called Luten, a part of Sarmatia , confining upon Tolonia. This Furr hath been heretofore much ufed by the ancient Matrons of the honourable Ci- ty of London , even by thofe that were of the chiefeft account, who ware the fame in a kind of Bonnet, called corruptly a Lett ice Cap. Black is a colour Contrary to White , ha- ving little participati- on of light , and is of Scribonius thus defin- ed, Nigredo eft color in corpore craffiori exi- gna luminofitdtis parti- ceps. Whereby it is apparent that black is of lefs perfection than white. For what thing foever there is that hath in it either light or heat, or elfe a life, either Animal or Vegetable, the fame being once extinct, the thing it felt' becometh forth- with black, which is laid to be the colour of horrour and deftruction ; for which refpedf. mourning Garments are made of that colour, that doth mod fignificantly reprefent the horrour of death and corruption , Faruef. 5. 104. This colour is called in blazon Sable, of the Latin word Sabulum, which fignifieth grofs fand or gravel , in refpect of the hea- vy and earthy fubfbance, wherein it abound- eth above all others. And this colour is re- puted far inferiour in dignity to white , arid is likened to darknefs, called in Latin Tene- bra , eb quod teneant , id eft, impediant oat- hs, ZSvijitmprohibeaut. Note that the reft of thofe fpecial colours before mentioned, be- fides white and black , are called Color es me~ dii, for that they have their primary Elfence from thefe, either by an equal or uneven con- corporation or mixture of thefe two together: D 7. an (More than two. , Black mixtC Ermyn, '[with BlackA with vvhiteW and and are ei- J or, cErmyns. ther SBlack mixtC Ermynois /with Yel- I and ™!, ( low, as CPean. pounded 1 of two Co- "\ lours only, are forred either. without fVerrey, fez. A. andB. Black; fuch j are,accord-<^ and ing to \ ^Leigh, (Verrey, Or, and Vert. Knowledge is no way better or more rea- dily attained than by Demonftration : Scire e- ntm eft per demonftrationem intelligere, faith Ariftotle. I will therefore give you parti- cular example of their feveral Bearings ,f.4.:.4/.i,..4 ... a4JL 4 Ermyn is a Furr con- fifting of White, diftin- guiihed with black loots. Albane Earl of Brittain , unto whom William the Conqueror gave the Earldom of Richmond, and Honour of Middlejlmm , bore this Coat. You mull: Blazon this by the name of Ermyn, and not Argent powdred witli Sa- ble. This is the Skin of a little Beaft , lefs than a Squirrel (faith Leigh') that hath his being in the Woods of the Land of Arme- nia, whereof he taketh his name. The tail thereof is of a Thumbs length , which is of colour brown. The ./Egyptians did propofe this little Beaft for an Hieroglyphick of Cha- ftity , Farnef.lib. -L.fol. ij. So greatly is this little Beaft affected unto cleannefs, as that fhe had rather expofe her felf to the hazard of being killed, or taken by the Hunters , than fhe would pollute her Coat with the filth of the Bird-lime laid before the entrance of the Cave to take her at her going in. Leigh , in the former part of his Accidence, fo/. i ?2. feemeth therein to contradict himfelf, in that he affirmeth Ermyn to be no Colour , but a Compound with a Metal, and ferveth as Me- tal only. For mine own part , I do not fee how Chap. III. A Diffky of Heraldry. how in doubling of Mantles it fhould be reckoned a Metal, for that all doublings or linings of Robes and Garments, though per- haps not altogether , yet chiefly are ordain- ed for the repelling of cold and weathers drift : to which ufe Metals are moft unfit, as King Dionyfins declared , when coming into a Church where the Images were attired in molt rich golden Robes, he took them a- way, faying , Such Garments were too cold fir Winter , and to heavy fir Summer. A fair pretence to cloak his Sacrilegious Ava- rice. The fame Author in his faid Accidence, fil.jy. making mention of this Furr, taketh occafion to commend a late prefcribed order for the diftribution of this rich and rare Furr, according to the dignity of the perfons to whom the wearing thereof is allowed, which is this ; That an Emperour , a King , or a Prince, may have the powdering in their Apparel as thick fet together as they pleafe .- a Duke may have in his Mantles cape,only four Ratings or Ranks of them : a Marquis three Ratings and a half: an Earl a cape of three Ratings only. In fome Coats thefe are numbrcd , but then they extend not to the number of ten. Thefe rows or ranks before named are of fome Authors called Timbers of Ermyn : for no man under the degree of a Baron , or a Knight of the molt honoura- ble Order of the Garter, may have his Man- tle doubled with Ermyn. This is that other Furr, before mentioned, to confift of a mixture of White and Black, and hath fome refem- blance of the former : but difFereth in this; that where that is com- pofed of White powder- ed with black ; contra- riwife this is Black powdered with White. But neither in that, nor in this, mall you make any mention in Blazon of any fuch Mixtures, but only ufe the name appropriated to either of them which doth luffisiently exprefs the manner of their compofition to the undemanding of thofe that are but meanly skilled in Blazon- the name peculiarly allotted to this Furr, is Ermyns. Mr. Bofweli is of this Opinion, That Er- myn and Ermyns ought never to be forted m Arms with the Metal of their colour be- caufe (laith he) they are but Furrs,'and have no proper Blazon with anv Metal. Yet doth he particularly Blazon the Coat of Wal- ">t, fit. ic6. in the Atchievement of the Ri^ht Honourable Lord, Sir William Cecil Knicht fete Lord Treafurer of England, where he mignt fitly have taken exception againft fuch bearing, if he could have produced any good *5 ground for warranting fuch his Opinion; in default whereof he there pafleth the fame over with filence, knowing that Antiquity and Cuftome (which hath the vigour of a Law , where there is no Law written ) are powerful in things of this nature : he fecret- ly relinquifheth his Opinion , forafmuch as it is manifeft , that not only Walcot, but Kings- well, and many others, both ancient and mo- dern, have ufed fuch bearing without contra- diction. lajlj,.* >b 4 ,.,1 .'A--A.-3.-.1 ... Of thofe Furrs be- fore mentioned, that are compounded of Yellow and Black , this is the firft, and is termed in blazon,Ermynois,whofe Ground or Field is Yel- lowed the Powdrings Black. Though this be rich in Arms (faith Leigh) yet in doubling it b not fo rich. Of the ufe of this Furr, Bara maketh mention in his Book, entituled Le Blazon des Armoiries, p.iq. and Ed el. Hiryfen , in his Book , entituled, Le Jardyii d' Armoiries , in the Arms of Lee/welt. This is that other Furr compofed of the fame Colours , but di- fpofed in a contrary manner to the former; for whereas that conl fifteth of Yellow pow- dered with Black , this is Black powdered with Yellow; and in Blazon is termed Pean. Thefe are other forts of Furrs or Doub- lings confifting alfo of two only Colours which as they are much different in form ' fo do they alfo receive a diverfe Blazon from thefe before fpecified, which are thefe that follow, and their like. He beareth Verrey, Or and Gules, by the name of Ferrers , and is the Coat of Jo.Fer- '■rers of Walton upon Trent in Derby/hire, Efquire. In Coats of this fort of bearing, in cafe where it m3y be holden doubtful whe- ther fhould have the precedence, the Colour or the Metal ; the Metal mull have the pre- eminence as the moft worthy. The French men, from whom we do borrow our terms of Blazon , do call all forts of Doublings or Furrs of this form , by the name of Vaire ; per- i6 A Diftlay of Heraldry. Sefi. I. perhaps , Quia ex dit-erfis coloribus alterna- tim •variautur. To this fort of bearing, there arc no other terms of Blazon allowed. If your Vaire doth confift of Argent and Azure, you mult in Blazon thereof, fay only, He beareth Vaire ; and it fufficeth : but if it be compofed of any other Colours, then you mult fay, He beareth Vaire of thefe or thofe Colours. The Latin Blazoners , making men- tion of this fort of bearing, do thus defcribe them, Tortat arma variata ex pellibus al- bis (§ caruleu, accounting them for Skins of little Beafts. For that in ancient times they were ufed for linings of Robes, and Mantles of Senators, Confuls , Emperours- and Kings, and thereupon are skilfully termed Doublings. Of this ufe of them , Alex.ab Alex. Genial. dierum,lib.^. fol. z8f. faith, Legimns C ali- guhim deplBas . ptnulas indm^e. Sometimes it was permitted to men grown to years, to ufe a kind of fhort Cloak, called Pemila, in time of wars, though it were in fubftance but fleight and thin : For Alexan- der Severus the Emperour , in favour of a- ged men , did grant them a Priviledge for wearing of this kind of Garments : W'olf.La- zius, lib.%. The Garments of the Tribune of the People, and of the 'Plebeian Sect, were moft commonly this Penula before mention- ed; like as alfo was Sagum, which was a Souldiers Cloak or Callock , and Endromis , which was an hairy Garment much like an Irifh Mantle and , Hood. Thefe were apt Garments for repelling of Cold. Thefe were not Habits befeeming an Emperour, or chief Commander to wear ; neverthelefs we read that Caligula ware oftentimes DepiBas Pe- fiulas, Alex. lib. 5. Amongft the reft this is to be obferved , That Confuls were habi- ted fometimes in Coat-Armors, called Palu- damenta, and fometimes in Kittles called Tra- iea, which was a kind of Garment worn by- Kings under their Mantles of State. So that they were fometimes faid to be Trabeati , and fometimes to be Paludati , according to thefe feveral Habits. Alfo the LiBores were Officers that ufually attended thefe Confuls, and were like unto Sergeants , or Minifters appointed to inflict corporal punilhment up- on Offenders, and were moft commonly in number Twelve. Thefe alfo attended the Confi il to the wars , invefted alfo with Coat- Armour. Concerning thofe DepiBa Penult former- ly mentioned , they are faid to have been in ufe with Emperours of later Ages, that were addicted to wantonnefs and delicacy , whereof Tranauillus in Caligula , writeth in this manner , Veftitu , calceatuque fS catero habitu, necwe fatrio , neque amli , ac ne vi- rili qnidem, ac denique lion humano jemfer ■ufus eft : [ape depiBas gemmatafque Penulas indutus. Wolf. Lazius in Comment. Reip.lib. 8. 857. If you obferve the proportion of this Vaire, you fhall eafily difcern the very fhape of the Cafe or Skin of little Beafts in them; for fo did ancient Governours and Princes of the World (faith Sir John Feme in Lac. Nob.fag.69i) line their pompous Robes with Furr of divers Colours, fewing one Skin to another, after the plaineft falhion. There is yet another kind of Furrs much differing from all other the Furrs before expreifeJ, not on-r ly in lhape , but in name alfo , as in Ex- ample. This fort of Furr or Doubling was (as Leigh noteth) of fome old He- ralds called Varry Cup- py , and Varry Taffa , which (faith he) is as much to fay , as a Furr of Cups ; but himfelf calleth it Meire , forfo he reckoneth it well. Blazoned, very ancient, and a Spanifh Coat. But I hold it better Blazoned, Potent coun- terpotent, for the rcfemblance it hath of the Heads of Crotches , which Chaucer calleth Potents, Quia potentiam tribnunt infirmis , as appeareth in his Defcription of Old Age, in the Romant of the Roje. So eld Jloe was that Jlje ne -went A foot, but it were by potenti So much of Furrs confifting of two Colours only : now of fuch as are compofed of more than two Colours , according to the Divifion before delivered. Such are thefe, and $ Erm y nites - their like, vix'.f*i c _ , Ivaireormany Colours. This, at the firfl fight , may feem to be all one with the fecond Furr, before in this Chapter expreffed, but differeth in this , that herein is added one hair of Red on each fide of every of thefe Powderings. And as this differeth little in fliape and fhew from the fecond Furr , na- med Ermyn ; fo doth it not much differ from the fame in name, that being called Ermyn, and this Ermynites. The other Furr that is compofed of more than two Colours, is formed of four feveral Colours at the leaft, as in Example^ Thjs Chap. V. A Biff lay of Heraldry. This differeth much from all the otherFurrs, and ( according to Leigh~) mull be bla- zoned Vaire ; this is compofed of four di- ftinci colours, vixA Ar- gent , Gules, Or, and Sable. Here I will note unto you a ge- neral Rule that you muft carefully obferve, not only in the blazoning of thefe Furrs,but generally of all Coat-Armours, w'.s.that you defcribe them fo particularly and plainly , as who fo heareth your Blazon , may be able to trick or exprcfs the form and true por- traiture thereof, together with the manner of bearing , no lefs perfectly, than if he had done it by fome pattern thereof laid before him. ■ Although I have here in the Blazon of this kind of Furr , as alfo in the Table of this firft Section put a difference between thele three words, Vaire, Verrey, and Var- rey^, in afcribing to every one of thefe a particular property in the Blazon of Furrs differing in Metals and Colours ; in which I muft confefs , 1 have followed Leigh ; yet I do for my own part rather agree with Sir John Feme, who in the S6.pag. of hisBook entituled Lacy's Nobility, writeth, That there is no other blazon allowed to a Doubling or Furr of this nature, than only Vaire, or vari- ated ; for which word variated I have ob- i'erved , that our Englilh Elazoners ufe Ver- rey , from the French Mafculine Participle , ■vaire' ; and Sir John Feme there further faith' That thefe differences of terms, Verrey, Var-' rey, and Vaire, are meer phantafies of Leigh his Blazon , and newly by him devifed, with- out any authority of Writers to inferr the fame : And that -before Leigh his time , all Authors had called this fort of Furr or T)oiib- ling, Vaire: And if it be varied, or compo- fed of Argent and Azure , then it is fo cal- ed , and no Colours named : but if it confifl of any other Colour, then it is blazonedVaire, of fuch and fuch Colours. And I lhall here- after in this my prefent Edition , always blazon a Furr of this nature , of what Me- tal and Colours foever compofed , vea , al- though it confift of two Metals 'and two Colours , Vaire or Verrey , alwavs naming the Metal and Colour , except it/ confifteth of Argent and Azure : And thus concluding the Chapter of Tinclures, being the firft kind of Accidents of Arms , I will now go on to the fecond forr. CHAP. V. HAving hitherto handled the firft part of the diftribution before delivered touch- ing the Accidents , viz. Tinclure : I will now go forward to handle that other member of the fame , namely , Differences ; fliewing firft what Differences are ; and fo proceed in order to the Divifion of them. But before I proceed to the definition and divifion ot them , it is not unneceflary to ob- ferve, That Armsmayberefembledto Arith- metical numbers, for like as in numbers , the addition , or fubtradion of an unity, nlaketh the faid number to receive a diverfe form from that it hath before ; in like manner by the appofition to , or exemption of any one thing from the Coat-Armour, be it either difference" or whatfoever elfe , the Coat-Armour is not the fame , but varieth from that it was before. This variation (occafioned by the addition or exemption of fome adventitious tiling ) ne- verthelefs altereth not the fubftance of the Coat- Armour, but makcth the fame to dif- fer in form only from that it was before ; for thefe adventitious Appofitions are of the nature of Accidents , whofe property is Adeffe ® abejfejTne (ubjecti corruptions, as I have formerly fhewn out of Torfhyrius,f.i6. Differences have no exiftenceof themfelves but are of the quality of AdjecTives, which' need the ayd and lupport of fome fubflantive to be annexed to them, and were devifed' for the dffnnguiming of Coat-Armour, ofpar- ticular perfons, of one and the fame familv each from other among themfelves , accord- ing to that faying of Chaff. Differentia lunt quadam aceidentia per fenon exiftentia, qua inducunt diverfhatem (cparativam, perquam dignofcuntur taliaArma,m quibus (nut mferta abarmis alter -ins. But I will proceed to the definition and divifion of Differences. Differences are extraordinary additaments whereby Bearers of the fame Coat-Armour are dmingmfhed each from other, and their nearnefs to the principal Bearer is Demon- ftrated. Q Ancient, Of Differences fome are< I Modern. Thofe I call ancient Differences , that were ufed in ancient time for the diftinguilh- mg, not only of one Nation or Tribe from a- nother, but alfo to note a diverfity between particular perfons, defcended out of one Fa- mily , and from the fame Parents. Such are Bordures and Imborduring of all forts. The Bordures that were annexed unto Coat-Ar- mours, in the beginning were plain , and ("in all likelyhood^) were of Fome one of the Co- lours or Meals before fpokenof: But after- wards in procefs of time ( by reafon of the multiplication of Perfons and of Families ) E men i8 A Diftlay of Heraldry. Se&ih men were conttrained to devifa other forts of Bordures , to induce a variety , whereby each particular perfon might be diftincUy known, and differenced ab omnibus wfingutts ejufdem domus & familia. Of thefe there are divers forms, as by thefe examples follow- ing may appear. The firft devifed Bor- dures were born plain , after the manner of this, which is thus blazoned. *ie beareth Argent, a bordure Gules. Here you fhall not need to mention the plainnefs of the bordure ; for when you fay a bordure of this or that colour or metal , and no more , then it is always underflood to be plain, al- beit the fame be not fo expreffed. But if it have any other form than plain, infuchcafe you muft not omit to make exprefs mention of the faihion thereof. The plain Bordure,ufed for differing of Coat- Armour, is refembled to thofe Fimbria's, or Bordures, that Almighty God , by the mouth of his Servant Mofes , commanded the Ifrae- lites to wear about the skirts of their Gar- ments , to put them in mind of their duties touching their obfervation of his Precepts ; In refpect that the people were yet rude , and unexercifed in obedience, therefore was this Ordinance prefcribed unto them ; as St. Hierom noteth in thefe words : Rudi adhuc populo, & hominibus ad obedientiam infuetk, j>er Moyfen imperatur a Domino : ut in fig- mim memoria quod pracepta Domini recor- deutur , per fingulas •veflirnentorum fimbria: habeant cum cocco Byacinthini coloris Infig- tiia, ut etiam cafu hue illucque refpicienti- bus oculis , mandatorum Cceleftium memoria nafcatnr. Of thefe Bordures were the Pha- rifees reproved by Chrift, becaufe they per- verted tne ufe thereof, by wearing them, not for the putting of them in mind of the obfervation of Gods Precepts, but for a bra- very , and their own vain oftentation , and to the end they would feem more ftrict and fe- vere obfervers of Gods Precepts, than others were. The Content of the Bordures (faith Leigh") is the fifth part of the Field. Alfo it is to be obferved, that when the Field and the Circum- ference or Tract about the fame, drawn (as in this example} be both of one Metal, Co- lour or Furr , then fhall you not term it a Bordure, but you fliall fay , that he beareth fuch Metal, Colour or Furr imbordured. Leigh reckoneth this fort of imborduring here fpokenof, to be of the number of Dif- ferences of Brethren ; but Bartol (faith he) hath committed the distribution thereof to the Heraulds. Before I proceed to the Compound Bor- dures - above fpecified, I will give fome few Examples of other feveral forms of fimple Bordures ; ( Quia fimplicia prior a fuerunt compofitis) as followeth. He beareth Sable , a Bordure ingrailed, Ar- gent. Tins word in- grailed, is derived from the Latin word Ingre- dior, which (ignifieth to enter , or go in : Quia ijia tinea ex qua coufi- citur Bordura, Campum plus aquo ingrediatur. Or elfe it is derived of Gradus , which fig- nifieth a ftep or degree , and thereof it is called a Bordure ingrailed ; Quia (as Up ton noteth ) ejus color gradatim hifertur in Cam- pum Armorum. The next fort of Bordure that I will note unto you, is a Bordure invecked ; and the fame is formed as appeareth in this next Efcocheon. This Bordure is form- ed meerly contrary to the laft precedent, and is blazoned in this manner. He beareth Or, a Bordure invecked, Gules. As the former doth dilate it felf by way of incroaching into the Field, contra- riwife this doth contract it felf by inverfion of the points into it felf; in regard whereof ( it feemeth ) it receiveth his denomination, and is called Invecked , of the Latin word Iuveho, which fignifieth, To carry in : Quia ipfa Unea gibbofa , in borduram plus aquo mvehatur. This Bordure differ- cth in form from both the other, and is thus blazoned ; he beareth Gules,a Bordure indent- ed, Argent. Mr. Wyrly, in his Book intituled, The true ufe of Arms, treating of the honour- able life , and languifh- ing death of Sir "John de Gralbye, Capitol de Buz, and one of the Knights elected at the firft foundation of the Garter , by that victo- rious King Edward the Third , doth there- in make mention of one Sir Terducas Dal- breth , to whom this Coat-Armour did pro- perly appertain , and defcribeth the fame in this manner. Sir Chap. V. A Dijplay of Heraldry. Sir Perducas Dalbreth to the French returned, Who Guly Shield about his neck did fling, Wrapt ivitb dent Bordure Jiher Jlnning. This Bordure is faid to be indented,becaufe it feemeth to be compofed (_ as it were ) of Teeth, whereof the fame hath a refemblance as well in property as in form : For Teeth (efpecially thofe of Beafts of ravenous kind, or of prey } have that part of their Teeth next to their Gums , broad and ftrong , and their points fharp, after the manner above ipecified ; and they are called in Latin, T)en* tes a demendo ( as IJidorns noteth } which fignifieth to take away or diminilh, Quia a- liqnid de cibis femper deniimt. In the fame manner alfo do every of thefe Indentings , entring into the Field, leffen and take away fome part of them as they go. Note that all forts of Bordures are fubjedt to charging with things , as well Artificial , as Natural ; as by examples following , in part lhall appear ; wherein I purpofe not to be curious, either in their number , or yet in their order; but as they lhall come to hand , fo will I fet them down in their proper places. Hitherto of Bordures fimple. Now of fuch as are compounded, as followeth : He beareth Azure, a Bordure counter-com- poned, Or, and Gules; which is as much to fay, as compounded of thefe two Colours coun- terly placed. Note that Counter-compony confifteth evermore of twoTrafts only, and no more. Note further, that the manner of dif- ferencing of Coat-Armours by Bordures is ve- ry ancient ; but if you refpeir their particu- lar forms and charge, they are not fo. He beareth Gules , a Bordure purflew,Verrey. Note here , that this term Purflew , is com- mon to all the Furrs be- fore handled, fo often as they are ufed in Bor- dures. Therefore when- foever you (hall find a Eordure of any of thefe feveral kinds , you muft (_ for the more cer- tainty of the Blazon ) exprefs by name of what fort of Furrs the fame is , if there be a peculiar name appropriate thereunto. O- therwife, if it be one of thofe kinds that have no certain name, whereby it may be diftincT- ly known from the reft ; or if it be fo , that the Bordure be compofed of fome fuch of the Furrs, as do comprehend under one name , divers and diflin<£l Colours , then muft you of neceffity particularly name the Colours whereof every fuch Bordure is fo compofed, except it confifteth of Argent and Azure, as this doth, and then it fufEceth to call it only Verrey, as in this Example I have done. He beareth Gules, a Bordure checkie , Or, and Azure. Albeit this hath a near refem- blance of Counter-com- pony before handled, yet it is not the fame, for that never exceed- ed two Traces or Panes, and this is never lefs than of three : Therefore you muft takefpe- cial heed to the number of the Tradts in Blazon, elfe may you eafily err in miftaking the one for the other. And this Rule hold- eth not alone in Bordures, but alfo in Bends, Feffes, Barrs, &c. born after thofe manners. He beareth Vaire, a Bordure Gules, charged with eight crofs Crof- lets , Argent , by the name of Molefworth; and is born of Hender Molefivorth of Spring- Gardenia theParifhof St. Katheriiies in the Ifland of Jamaica, Efq; one of his Majefties Council in the faid Ifle ; fecond Son of Hen- der Molefworth of Tencarro-ju in Cornwall, Efq. who was lineally difcended from Sir Wal- ter de Mole/worth of Northamptonfljire,wha flourifhed in Martial Prowefs in the days of Ring Edward the Firft, and went with him to the Holy War. Sometimes you lhall find the Bordures charged with things living , as in thefe Ex- amples. tf, The Field is Argent, a Bordure Azure, charg- ed with Enaluron of Martlets, to the number of eight, Or. In your blazoning of Bordures of this kind of bearing, you muft mention what fort of Fowl or Bird your Bordure is charg- ed withal; for that this term ferveth gene- rally for all kinds of Bordures charged with tilings of this kind. A like Bordure doth Jafper Earl of Pem- broke bear, that was half-brother to King Henry the Sixth , and was created Duke of E z Bed- 20 A Difplay of Heraldry. Scft. I. Bedford, by that mod prudent Prince , King Henry the Seventh. He beareth Azure , a Bordure Gules, charged with eight Lioncels paf- fant, Or. Such a Bor- dure is fet forth for Hamlyne Tlantagenet , that was Bafe-brother to King Henry the Se- cond. This term Enur- ny is proper to all Bor- dures charged with any Beafts , whofe kinds muft be foecially obferved , and exprefled in Blazon, for the more certainty thereof. Sometimes you (hall find two of thefe forts of Bordures before handled, commixt in one, as in thefe next Examples following. He beareth Argent, a Bordure quarterly, as followeth : The firft Gules, Enurny of three Lioncels paffant gard- ant, Or. The fecond , Azure , Verdoy , of as many Flowers de Lis , Or. The third as the fecond: The fourth as the firft. Such a Bordure did Henry Court- ney , Earl of Devon, and Marquefs of Exeter, bear, (who lived in the time of King Henry the Eighth) environing the Royal Arms of England, which he received as an augmen- tation of Honour. And this Coat-Armour may alfo be thus fliortly blazoned, Argent, a Bordure quarterly England and France. He beareth Gules, a Bordure,quarterly com- pofed of Purflew, Er- myn , and Counter- compony , Or and A- zure. Such a Bordure did Henry Fitz-Rqy bear, who was Duke of Richmond and Somer- set , as alfo Earl of Not- tingham. He was bafe Son unto King Henry the Eighth. Sometimes you fhall find Bor- dures charged with Leaves or Flowers, ando- ther Vegetables, as in Example : He beareth Sable , a Bordure , Or , charged with Verdoy of Tre- foils , flipped to the number of eight pro- per. Note that this term Verdoy is appropriated to all Bordures charg- ed with Leaves, Flow- ers , Fruits , and other the like Vegetables. Wherefore to make your blazon more certain , it behoveth that you fhould exprefly mention what kind of Vege- table the Bordure is charged withal. Otherwhiles you fhall have Bordures charg- ed with other forts of things inanimate, or without life, as in this next example. He beareth Or , a Eordure Sable, charged with Entoyre of eight Befants. Such a Bor- dure did Richard Tlan- tagenet, King of the Ro- mans, and Earl of Corn- wallbeai, that was Sort unto ICing John, and Brother to King Henry the Third. Note, that this term Entoyre is proper to all Bordures charged with dead things ; Therefore you muft name what kind of Entoyre the Bordure is charged with, whe- ther with Roundles, Crefcents, •Mullets, An- nulets, or whatfoever other dead thing. A Befaunt , or ( as fome call them ) a Talent , is taken for a Maflive Plate or Bullion of Gold, containing (according to Leigli) of Troy weight, 104I. and 2 Ounces , and is in value 375:0 fl-crling, and had for the mod part no ftmilitude or reprefentation upon it (as fome hold) but only falhioned round and fmooth, as if it were fitted and prepared to receive fome kind of ftamp. But others are of Opi- nion that they were ftamped, and that they were called Bezants (or rather Bizants) of Byzantium, the place where they were an- ciently coyned. Note, that whenfoever you fhall find any Bezants or Talents born in Arms, you {hall not need to make mention of their colour in blazoning of them , becaufe they be evermore underftood to be Gold. ' Sometimes you fhall find Bordures gobo- nated of two Colours, as in this next Exam- ple. He beareth Ermyn , a 1 Bordure gobonated, Or and Sable: And fuch a bearing is fo termed , becaufe it is divided in fuch forts,as if it were cut into fmall Gobbets. As this Bordure is gobonated , fo lhall you find Bordures, either Bendy, or Bendwaies, or charged with Bends , as in this next Efcocheon in part may appear. He Chap. VI. A Diftlay of Heraldry. He beareth Gules , a Bordure Sable, charged with three Bends, Ar- gent. I give it this blazon in refpedt that the Sable doth furmount the Argent, and ftand- eth ( as it were ) in ftead of a Field : but if they both were of even pieces, then fhould I have termed it a Bor- dure Bendee, or Bend-ways, of fo many pie- ces Argent and Sable, or Sable arid Argent, as it mould happen. There refteth yet one Example more of Bordurings , which I have here placed , to the end the fame may ferve in ftead of ma- ny particular demonftrations , otherwife re- quisite for the full underftanding of the ma- nifold feveral forts of Diapering that may be u- fed in Bordures, as in Example; He beareth Argent, a Bordure Gules,diaper- ed , Entoyre , Enurny, Enaluron, Verdoy, Sec. Note, that you may have Di^pci of any two, three, or more of thefe, or any other their like, in one Bor- dure , and that not on- ly Bordures, but alfo Fields of Coat-Armours, are found diapered. That Field or Bordure is properly faid to be diapered , which being fretted all over, hath fomething quick or dead, appearing within the Frets. And albeit things having life and fenfe, or their parts, may be born diapered : Yet Plants , Fruits , Leaves , Flowers, and other Vegetables , are ( in the Opinion of fome Armorifts) judged to be more fit for fuch kind of bearing. This kind of bearing Diaper in Coat-Ar- mour is fometimes feen in Coats of France and Belgia, but very rare or never in Eng- land , as Sir John Feme noteth. Diaper ( faith he ) it known of every man to be a fantastical work of knots, withiuwhich are wrought the figns or forms of things, either quick or dead , according to the invention of the IVork-mafter, as u well known z'wlpres, Bruges, and fome Cities of Heynault. In the blazon of fuch Coats you muft firft name the Colour or Metal of the Field. As touching their firft feveral Charges impo- fed upon thefe Bordures aforehandled, I fhould not ( I acknowledge ) have made mention of them at all in this place ( the order of my Method refpe&ed ) fed propter necejfttatem nonmmquam recedendum eft a regidis. But the occafion offered to treat of the differences of Bordures in this place, enforced me to make untimely mention of thofe Charges, to the in- tent I might yield fome fatistac-tion to the Reader touching thefe variable forms, which I could no way better perform than by demon- ftrative Examples : Exempla enimponimus, tit fentiant addijeeutes. Notwithstanding, that I take here only mentioned a Bordure and Imborduring , for ancient Differences, yet I do not thereupon conclude, that Antiquity was not acquainted with any other than thefe : but the Reafon, that I do not particularly here difcourfe at large of thofe other ancient Differences, is, becaufe the ufe of divers of them now , as Differences , is antiquated ; and fome of them are now ufed , as Ordinaries, or fome other Charge of the Field , which I ihall afterward handle, but not here , becaufe it futes not with my intended Method ; others of thofe ancient ones are ftill in ufe, as Differences,but to demonftrate fome other younger Brother than anciently they did , and therefore now termed modern , by changing of their firft: ufe. Let it therefore fumce only to name fome of thofe firft fort here mentioned , as Orles, Cotizes, Bends, &c. Which how they then were difpofed of, in the Terminal,Col- lateral, and Fixal Coat- Armours , I refer you to Sir fohn Ferue and others, who have writ plentifully of them. In thofe elder times al- fo, the variation of Metal or Colour, Tranf- pofition of Charge , yea , fometime change of the Charge, or of part of the Charge, were ufed for diftincf ions of Families, as you may obferve in divers Authors, and in the Coat- Armours of younger branches of many ancient Families. CHAP. VI, Hitherto of the ancient manner of differ- encing Coat- Armours : Next , fuch as we call modern Differences , come in order to be handled. I call thofe modern Differences that are of a latter inftitution, and put in ufe fithence the invention of Bordures, Such are thefe that follow , and their like , viz. the File, Crefcent, Mullet, Martlet, An- nulet, Flower delis, &c. What thefe Files are, I cannot certainly a- vouch, becaufe I find that divers Authors, and thofe very Judicial in matters of this kind, do diverily judge of them, according to their feveral conceits. Vpton , a man much commended for his skill in blazon , and of fome Armorifts fuppofed to have been the firft that made obfervation of their ufe (but they are therein much deceived , for that fuch ufe was made of them many Ages be- fore Vptons time ) calleth them Points, fuch as men ufually fatten their Garments withal, and 22 A Difylay of Heraldry. Seft. I. and faith, they may be born either even or odd, to the number of Nine. Buddies , an ancient Writer, affirmerh them to be Tongs, and that they may be born but odd. Ai- dants in his 'Parergon nameth them Plaitez or Plaits of Garments. Bartolus calleth them Candles. Some other Authors call them Files, and others Lambeaux or Labels. In this fo great uncertainty , I forbear to determine a- ny thing , feeing thofe fo Learned cannot certainly refolve among themfelves what they are. Only concerning their divers manner of bearing , thefe Examples following will give light : wherein I will begin with their fingle bearing, and fo I will proceed to their Compound ufe. X The Field is Argent, a File, with one Label, Gules. This form of bearing is found in the Chappel of the Caftle of Camphire, alias Tre- yoir, in Zealand. Such is the dignity of the File , as that the He- raulds in their found difcretion, have caufed many poor decayed Gentlemen, and Perfons 'newly rifen, to lay afide the bearing thereof, becaufe of the dig- nity of the fame, being filch , as the Son of an Emperor cannot bear a difference of higher efteem, during the Life of his Fa- ther. ZJpton faith, that Files are not born for Arms , but for differences of Arms : Tales lingula five labelU ( faith he ) nou dicuntur proprie figna , fed different i£ fignorum. Ne- verthelefs in pradtife it falls out otherwife , as in this Coat here expreffed , and others following may be feen. For we find that Labels are born both fingle and manifold , without any other manner of Charge; fo that it is clear that they are born fometimes for Arms, and not always for differences of Arms, as by the fecond Efcocheon following more plainly appeareth. He beareth Azure,a File of three Lambeaux, Argent. This (faith Leigh} is the firft of the nine Differences of Brethren, and ferveth for the Heir or eldeft Son, the Father living. Honor ins faith, That one of the Labels be- the other his Mother,and fonf tokeneth hisFathe., the middlemoft fignifieth himfelf Effifl He beareth Argent, a File of five points, or Lambeaux, Azure. This feemeth to me a per- fect Coat of it felf, for I find the fame ancient- ly fet up in a GJafs- window in the Church of Efiington in the County of Gloncefier , and is born by the name of Henlmgton. Whence may appear that this File is born as a Charge fometimes, and not for a difference of Coat-Armour always. The File of five Lambeaux , faith Leigh , is the Difference of the Heir whilft the Grandfather liveth; but his Grandfather being deceafed, then he leav- eth this, and taketh that of three, which was his Fathers difference. But herein his Rule faileth ; for that they have been anciently born with five points for the difference of the eldeft Son , in the time of King Edward the Firft , as appeareth by divers Seals, and other good authentick proofs of Antiquity. Note , That as the Bordures before men- tioned, fo alfo thefe Files are oftentimes charged with things, as well quick as dead, whereof 1 will give you fome few Examples in thefe next Efcocheons. He beareth Argent, a File of three Lambeaux, Azure , each charged with as many Flowers de lis, Or. Such a File did Henry the Fourth , Duke of Lancafter bear, (over the Arms of Eng- land} who was Son to Henry Earl of Lanca- fier, whofe Father was Edmund , furnamed Crookback , that was firft Earl of Lancafier, and Son to King Henry the Third. He beareth Azure, a File of three Lambeaux, Argent , each charged on the dexter fide of the foot thereof with a Canton, Gules. A like File did Lionel Tlantagenet bear (who was third Son unto King Edward the Third) over the Arms of France and Eng- land:, faving that thofe Cantons were pla- ced in the higheft part of his Labels afbre- faid. The Label of the Heir apparent ( faith Wyrly) k feldom transferred unto the fecond Brother, but when the Inheritance goeth to the 'Daughters of the eldeft Brother. In which A Diftlay of Heraldry. Chap. VI. which cafe , it was permitted unto him, to bear the File as Heir-male of his Family , and as one that remained in expectancy of the Inheritance , if the Iffue of his Neeces mould fail. Note, that the fecond Brother might not intrude himfelf into the abfolute Signs of his Family , the Inheritance being in his Neeces or Kinfwomen. Hughde Ha- flings being a fecond Brother , and his Pofte- rity did bear a Label for their difference up- on the like occafion, and for the reafon's here mentioned. The Field is Vert, a File of three points parted perpale , Gules and Argent , on the firft fix Towers , Or ; and the fecond as ma- ny Lionceaux rampant, Purpure. Such a File was born by Edward Tlantagenet , Son and Heir to Edmund of Langly, Duke of fork , which Edward lived in the time of King Richard the Second , by whom he was crea- ted Duke of Atibemerle , and was flain in the Battel of Agmcourt in the time of King Henry the Fifth. He beareth Argent, a File of three Lam- beaux , Gules , each charged with as many Towers , Or. Such a File did Robert d' Ar- tois bear, who guided K. Edward the Third in all his wars againft the French. This Ro- bert was a Frenchman, and was thought to have been the firft that moved King Edward the Third to make his challenge to the Crown of France. Many more Examples might be given of the divers manners of bearing and charging of Files , but thefe here exprefied may fuffice to inform the Reader that they are no lefs fubject to Charges than the Bordures before exprefied : as alfo to move him to take a more Ariel obfervation of them, as they fhall come to hand. Forafmuch as it hath been anciently que- ftioned ( and for ought that I could ever fee, refteth as yet undecided ) by Bartholin, Bu- d Howell de Monnemoth fad. Chriftiana Ball, con- tinenti quoddam efcambi- urn unius Cwtilagii , in •vico vocato Mowkentflreet, 6Kr. Hat. Anno Regni Re- gis EdwardJII.^z. This piece of Evidence refteth amongft the Writings or Deeds of George Thorpe of iVannejwell, Efquire, and One of his Maje- fties Gentlemen Penfioners, whofe refidence is in the Parifh of Barkley in the County of Gloucefier. An Example of a File with four points fol- lowed! in this next Efcocheon. He beareth Argent , two Cheverous, Gules, on a quarter of the fe- cond , a File of four points of the firft. This Coat was , amongft o- thers, taken out of an old Mafs-book at Gof- worth in the County of Che/ier, wherein they were found, fair limmed , many years ago 5 as appearcth by a Book of Vifitation of that Shire , remaining in my own hands extant to be feen : which Vifitation was made by Wil- liam Flower, alias Norroy, King of Arms of the North part beyond the River of Trent , who was alfociated and accompanied therein with Robert Glo-ver, Somerjet Herauld , his Marfhal, Anno Dom. 1 j8o. This Coat might have been more aptly placed hereafter in the fecond Section , a- mongft Ordinaries of divers kinds, born one upon another ; but that I defire to place all my Labels of even points together without interruption , though I digreifed fomewhat therein by giving way to neceility, albeit with breach of Rule and Order ; Nonnun- quam emm propter excellentiam feu necef- fitatem receditur a Reguln. This form of bearing 2 4 A Difyiay of Heraldry. Sed. I. bearing of Files with four points , is alfo warranted by Rolls of great Antiquity 3 as appeareth by the Coat of Sir Thomas Ley- bourne, that bare Azure, fix Lionceaux Ram- pant, Or, a File of four points, Gules,which I do here pafs over , as well for brevity , as for impertinency thereof to this place, in refpedt of the Lions,the principal charge there- of. Note here a ftrange bearing of a File. This Seal was affixed unto a certain Deed of one William de Curli, as appeareth by a Tranf- cript thereof in my Book of Seals, the effecT: where- of is brief , as followeth in thefe words. Will, de t fit. Will, de Curb, &c. fro Salute AtitecejfMc. terr.in Ter- ritory de Langle, loUenr. 5. Tefle Hug. le 'Poer. Vicecom. Warwick. Hear, de Najjar d, Roberto de Clopton milit. This Example ferveth to confirm my form- er aifertion, That Files are not only born for differences, but fometimes for the only- charge of the Coat- Armour , as appeareth by the Coat of Henliugtou , whereof I have gi- ven Example elfewhere : And herein we may obferve a rare form of pofition thereof in bend Sinifter. I have alfo feen a like File of three points born dexterways in Bend for the only Charge of the Field, as in this E- fcocheon, which may receive this blazon , He beareth Argent , a File of three points in bend, Sable. This Coat-Ar- mour belonged to one Morien an Alien born buried in St. Maries Church in Oxford. For the (liunning of multiplicity of Exam- ples, I will give an inftance of a Coat-Ar- mour, comprehending both forts of Files, viz. even and odd points, which for that it is Am- ple, and unmixt with any ordinary or common Charge, may ferve in ftead of all : As in Ex- ample. _ The Field is Or, three Files born bar-wayes, Gules; the firft having five points , the fecond four, the laft triple pointed : Here I am conftrained to fay Tri- ple pointed, left by the iteration of the word Three , I mould break the Rule given, fag. 9. This is, as I take it, a Dutch Coat, born by the name of Lukirke, quafi lit Ecclefite. Now if any man will demand of me,why I do fpend my oyl and travel in things of fo fmall moment? To fuch I anfwer,tiiatfo long as I travel to find out the truth, I rec- kon my travel well bellowed , though the matter be of never fo fmall importance, Suave tain eft in minimis etiam vera fare. There is yet another form of bearing of Files, diverfe from thefe before mentioned , which albeit the fame be not in ufe with us, but feemeth to be a National Cuftome peculi- ar to the Kingdom of France : Nevertheleis , fithence I have undertaken to treat amongft things of the ufe of blazoning of Coat-Ar- mour, I would not willingly omit any form of bearing , or other remarkable thing , that might make either my felf or the Reader more expert in the ufe of Blazon. This form of bearing Files, which I will now ihewyou, is not diltant fome little fpacefrom the up- per part of the Chief (after the moft ufual falhi- on ) but groweth immediately out of the Chief it felt! IMF The Field is Azure, a File ilfuing out of the Chief, without any in- termiftion at all, and is thus blazoned in French, II fort d' Azure, un file de Gules , movant du Chief. Thefe Armori- al differences are in France obferved upon the Robes of Honourable perforis itfued out ot Princely Families amongft themfelves; fuch Robes (_ I mean ) as are given them either at the Marriages or Funerals of Kings and Queens. As for Example ; It hath been noted that the Lambeaux , Gules, upon the Mantles of OrLeance, have been adorned with Flowers de Ik. The Lambeaux of Artois with Caftles , Or. Thofe of Anjou moving out of the Chief, only Gules. In like fort divers other Noble Houfes of France, viz. of Valois, of Berry, and of A- lencon, have Bordures either plain or engrail- ed , or charged with Befants , thofe of Eve- reux Baftons, Or, and Argent, and they of Bourbon Baftons, Gules. Here may rife a Queftion not unworthy our obfervation, viz. Whether like as the eldeft Brother is preferred before the fecond , fo the Son of the Eldeft Brother mall in like fort be preferred , or take place before his Uncle ? And this hath been holden a great and difficult Queftion a long feafon ; until at length , Otho the Emperour of Germany, be- ing at Trevere with his Barons , this matter was there queftioned , he ordained that the caufe mould be decided by Combat, where- in the Nephew hardly obtained the Vidory,- which Chap. VI. A Diftlay of Heraldry. '■5 becaufe it was deemed to have proceeded by the fecret Judgment of God , it was decreed that from thenceforth the Nephew ihould be preferred before the Uncle. Of this mind are Nich. Boerius, Lucas de Tenna,and John Je Montolero, that the Nephew ihould take place. The like Queftion hath rifen in France between the Second Daughter , and the Son of the Eldeft Sifter , as well in Avignon , a City of Narioneva. France, as in other parts thereof, which remained dong undetermined. At length it was finally adjudged in the Court of Parliament ( holden at Tar is ) for the Ne- phews, for whom alfo it was likewife decreed in the City of Avignon. If any man fhall demand of* me, How it cometh to pafs that the Diminutions or Dif- ferences of Arms beforementioned , are fo di- verfly born , not only in forraign Countries , but alfo in one felf Nation ? Or why there is not one fet form obferved in the ufe of them with all Nations? I anfwer, That it is not poffible , becaufe of the infinite actions of men, which are no lefs infinitely fubject to mutability, and therefore can by no means- be reduced to a Set-form of bearing univerfal- ly, according to that faying of an uncertain Author , Res pint iimmta, infimteque muta- iiles, idcircb frdc'epto gentrali comfreheudi non fojjunt. Befidcs thefe Diffe/ences beforementioned, other forts of Modern Differences were de- vifed for the diftinguifhing of Brethren and Perfons ifTued out of one Family, which for the reach they extend unto , do more mani- feftly exprefs , ( and as it were ) point out with the finger , how far their feveral bear- ers are diftant in degree from their Original Anceflors ; as alfo , how each of them ftand- eth in Degree one to another among them- felves, as by the Examples enfuing may ap- pear. The Firft Houfe. a. ^ aw. j f.-iiv. «.™ i, Hlg<: 1 ^ The Second Honfe. The Third Houfe. The Fourth Houfe. The Sixth Houfe. 26 A Difplay of Heraldry. Sett. I., To thefe Tingle Differences , exprefled in | i make compleat throughout all his Book the firft of theie Ranks, AothGerard Leigh \ j The form of which three are thefe • vW add three other, to make up the number of j [ the Rofe , the Crofs Molin, and the Double Nine ; which number he laboured much to I I Caterfoil. It hath been evermore one Obfervation with Nations in bearing of Arms, that as e- very particular Family (faith Sir John Feme') did bear Arms, different in fubftance from thofe of other Families, fo thofc that are defended of the felf fame Bloud, fhould like- wife bear the Arms of that Houfe and Fa- mily whereof they are defcended , in a dif- ferent manner each from other (not in Sub- ftance but in Accidents ) for the dirlinguifh- mg of their Line of Agnation. And the ap- portion of thefe Differences, albeit they feem to make fome alteration in the Coat- Armours whereunto they are annexed, yet is the fame but meerly Accidental, the Subftance (till re- maining as it was before ; the Nature of thefe Appofitions being fuch as is of all udier Ac- cidents , Vt foffint ateffe , (S adeffe fine fui- jetli inter itu. And thefe Differences annexed to Coat- Armours are of fome Authors termed ( and that not improperly) Diminutiones Armo- rum , in refpedt they do derogate from the Dignity of the Arms whereto they are ad- ded , as exprefly manifefting them to be of lefs efteem than thofe from which they are derived : Multiplicity enim individtiorum, in eadim ffecie diminntioncm arguit. But doubtlefs, the conceit of Apportion of thefe Differences to Coat-Armours was grounded upon the neceflity ( the common Parent of all Inventions ) as well that thereby all con- fufed bearing of Arms might be avoided ; as alio that the Prerogative of the Eldeft Son ihould be preferved inviolable. And for this caufe hath the Eldeft. of every Noble and Generous Family, his peculiar manner of fole and plain bearing, which he will in no cafe permit arry other man to ufe , though he be of the fame Family and Surname, but with addition of fome kind of Difference, becaufe 1 the fole bearing of Arms pertaineth only to the firft begotten : In frimo^enito enim (faith Lyra) tanquam in capte Jlat,& remanet fplen- dor genitura. As touching the Dignity of the Firftbe- gotten, Tremellius in his Annotations upon the^thof G ™tfs, maketh mention of two chief Prerogatives due unto Renin, had he not deh ed tus Fathers Bed ; the one of Ho- nour, whereby he had his Brethren in Sub- jection unto him ; the other of Strength, by teafon of bis double portion of Inheritance. And Cha(fan£us faith, Ea qua acquiruntur T?r Imogen it o , acquiruntur titulo univerfali item acquiruntur nt conftituto in dignitate. For thefe refpedts the Arms of the Family ought to remain entire to the Eldeft , be- caufe the fecond , third, and fourth begotten Sons cannot arrogate to themfelves any fuch Prerogative, and therefore may not bear their Coat but with Difference. Furthermore , thefe Differences here fpo- ken of, are of fome Authors called itottrma Armorum ; and that very aptly , in regard that by the appofition of them to Coat-Ar- mours, our underftanding (upon fight of them) is informed from what Line of Confanguini- ty the Bearer of fuch Difference doth abftradt himfelf whether from the Line Afendina Defending , or Collateral; as alfo in What Degree he ftandeth • as, whether he be the fecond, third, or fourth begotten Child of fuch t c? n \ And fuch a PPofi«on is no lefs lawful , than is the addition of Names of Baptifme unto the Surname of the Family S Stent enim nomiua mventa funt ad coeuofcen- dos homines, it a arma vel infignia ad fa- milies Eg ferfonas difiiugnendas finvda- tim. 9 There is yet a further ufe of thefe Dif- ferences, in that they ferve to prevent and avoid Diffentions, Debates, Challenges, Com- bats, and Slaughters. For as to all Brethren there is but one Surname allowed ; yet for Difference, that one of them may be dif- cerned from another, there is added unto each Brother a Trxnomen, or Name of Bap- tifm ; fo is it necelfary , that fmce the Coat- Armour of the Anceftor is competible to all the Children ( as the Mark of the Family whereof they are defcended , that a Differ- ence fhould be added to the Coat-Armour of every Brother , to mark and limit out to all mens fight the diverfity of their Birth and Line whereupon they depend, that fo all occafion of Challenge may be prevented, when each man knoweth not only his place of precedence, but alfo his nearnefs and place of title to the Inheritance. Whereas I have formerly, among the Ex- amples of Bordures , ufed demonftrations of Differences in the Blood Royal, of fome of the younger Sons of Kings , I hold it fit, be- fore I conclude this Trad of Differences, to give a little touch of the neceflity why thefe fhould Chap. VII. A Diffldy of Heraldry, ftiould be more eminent than thofe of ordi- nary ufe, with Perfons of inferiour Eftate.^ Firft, in regard that if the Coat-Armour of others mould have too near a conformity and refemblance with the Soveraign Enfigns, the Vulgar fort perhaps might (in fome cafes or pretences) be feduced to follow fuch a one as were not their King , to the great diftur- bance of the State , and no lefs peril to the Perfon of their lawful Soveraign. And not only is it fo in Coats pertaining to the Blood Royal, but alfo in other inferiour Callings : For in ancient time (faith Wyrly) when men could not fufficiently diftinguilh their Coat- Armours by changing their Devices into fl- itter Colours , for the Number of Leaders , that many times were of one Houfe or Fa- mily ; then were they forced to vary their Marks by the faid Additions. And very fel- dom mould you fee in thofe times , Cref- cents, Mollets, or fuch fmall things born for "a Difference: or if any fuch were, they were made fo large , that they might eafily be difcerned by the diftance of forty foot. Fur- thermore , the Soveraign Eftate and Dignity being compared with the quality of any Sub- ject , the Difference will be found fo great between them , and the one fo far furmount- lrtg the other of them, as that Reafon it fclf willeth that fo great a Difference lliould be put between the Royal Enfigns and the Arms of a Subject , as there is between their E- ftates and Degrees, fince thofe Enfigns are the Marks of their worthinefs and efteem. For thefe and other refpecTrs, it hath been, and yetftillis in ufe, that in Addition of Dif- ferences to the Arms of Kings younger Chil- dren, the skilful Heralds have given fome of the Honourable Ordinaries ,. for more appa- rent Diftinftions , as a Feis , Chief, Bend , Pile, Bordure, and fuch like, as we may ma- nifeftly fee in divers ancient Coats born by fuch Noble Perfonages as have defcended from the Collateral Lines of the Kings of Eng- land, France, Scotland, &c. Concerning thofe Modern Differences be- fore expreffed in the form of Six Ranks,/>.2j. viz. Crefcents, Mollets, Martlets, 8cc. not- withstanding their inftitution was ingenious, yet hath trad of time difcovered their ufe to be dangerous, efpecially in Martial Affairs, by reafon 'of their darknels and unapparent forms, occafioned by impofition of one Dif- ference upon another ; the peril whereof hath not a little extenuated their eftimation. Ne- verthelefs, their invention is not therefore to be condemned , inafmuch as the Events have not fallen out anfwerable to the intention of their firft Devifer : Neither can it be there- fore juftly faid to be done without ground of Reafon, as a certain Author noteth : Si fi- nis in intellettu oferantis fit rationabilu, e- tiamfi non fequatur quod intenditw, non id- circo dicitur irrationabiliter operant 2 7 Here it is to be obferved, that Differences do in no ways appertain unto Sifters , for that they are reputed to be feparated and divided from the Family whereof they are defcended , inafmuch as when they are once married , they do lofe their own Surname , and do receive their denomination from the Family whereof their Husbands are, defcend- ed. And fo much doth the word Joror no- tine unto us, as Sojimis faith : Soror eft qnafi fcorfim nata, & a famihafeparata. To Daughters it is permitted to bear the Arms of their Father , even as the Elder Bro- ther doth after his Fathers deceafe, without any fcandal or challenge of their Elder Bro- ther ; for that to Daughters never were any Differences allowed , and that for three cau- fes : Firft, Becaufe their Coats are never, or very feldom advanced in the Field , foraf- much as to that Sex War is reputed odious. Secondly , For that the Coat-Armour is no longer born by them than during their life, for the fame extendeth not to their Iffue. Laftly , Becaufe fo long as Iffue continued! of any of the Brethrens Lines , they; are de- barred from the Inheritance. Yet in fome cafes they fhall bear the Coat-Armour to them and their Heirs; as in Example,If all the Ifluc of the Brethren happen to become extinct , then the Daughters mail Inherit the Land of their Ariceftor. In which cafe, they may therewithal affume his Coat- Armour, and bear the fame by themfelves and their Heirs for ever. But betwixt thofe Sifters be allowed no Differences or Badges of Pede- grees : the Reafon whereof is , for that fince by them the Name of the Houfe cannot be preferved ; therefore they are admitted to the Inheritance equally , and are adjudged but one Heir to all intents and purpofes , in Laws as well Martial as Civil , without afty eminent Prerogative either of Honour or PoffefTion , betwixt Elder and Young- er. CHAP. VII. SO much of the Accidents of Arms, viz; Tincture and Differences, comprehend- ed in the firft part of our premifed diftrf- bution. Now of the fecond Member thereof, vizi Parts of Arms. The parts of Arms are, C Efcocheon. The ^ C Ornaments without the Efcocheon. 1 An Efcocheon is the form or reprefenta- ' tion of a Shield of what kind foever, and is Fi to 28 A Difplay of Heraldry. Sett. I. fo called of the Latin word Scutum , which hath the fame fignification : whence alfo an Efquire, or Page, takes his name of Scutiger, fignifying primarily a Target-bearer. And the Target is not unaptly deduced from the Latin word Tergus, a Beafts hide, whereof at firft Shields were made : whereupon Pliny faith , Tergus ad fcuta galeafyiie imjieuetra- bile,kxi impenetrable hide fit to make a Shield. And the Poet Statins, ■c lefts clyfeos vepire juvencii : With Bullocks bides they clad their Shields. Whence Virgil calls Jjax his Buckler, Seftemflex , for the fevenfold doublings of Leather : As elfewhere he defcribes a Target, duo tanrea terga: "-made of two Ox hides. But the cleared: Star of our Profeflion , Mr. Clarenceaux takes it from the Britifh word Tarjau , and that from the French Thireos , which 'Paufamas faith, is the Buckler in ufe amongft the old Gaules. If any here mould ask me , Why then Ef- cocheons fhould be ufed in Heraldry, fince o- ther men are inverted with Enfigns of Ho- nour , befides Martial men J I anfwcr them, that as to Military men that token is proper for reward of that kind of Service ; fo if o- thers by their Vertues, Arts, or Actions, ad- vance either the honour or the welfare of their Country , their fervice is as behoveful as the others , and themfelves as Defenders or Prefervers of their Countries Peace and Happinefs (as I have formerly ihewed)deferve like wife the reward of the Efcocheon be- ing the Hieroglyphick or Emblem of De- fence and Prelerving. In which refpect that good Prophet Elijah was called The Chariots and Horfemen of Ijrael. And by the Civil Law Qlmf. in L.Advoc.C.de Advoc.~) an Ad- vocate is faid to be Miles, a Martial man, and to have the fame Prerogatives, in that they do avium vitam ® fatrimonium de- feiidere , defend the Life and Livelyhood of the Subjects. Touching the divers forms of Shields, I will not here fpeak ; every Coun- try almoft having their divers makings : amongft which , the fmalleft were in ufe a- monglt our old Britains , as being moft man- ageable ; and the greateft amongft the Ro- mans, and Grecians , as may appear by Alex- ander , who being to pafs a River , ufed his Shield for his Boat, and his Spear for his Ru- ther to guide himfelf over. And it was e- ver held more difhonourable for a man to lofe his Buckler than his Sword in Field, be- caufe it is more praife-worthy to defend a Friend than to hurt a Foe , as a Noble Ge- neral once faid : Mall em mum CrvemJ&c.l had rather fave one good Subject, than kill an hun- dred Enemies. (Points. The Accidents in this Efcoche- < on are (.Abatements.- Points are certain places in an Efcocheon diverily named, according to their feveral Po- fitions. C Middle. Whereof fome are2 I Remote. The Middle Points are thofe that have their location in , or near to the Center of the Efcocheon. ( Honour } Such are thefe, viz.t\is< Fefs > Points. iNombril } The Fefs Point is the exact Center of the Efcocheon. The Honour Point is the next a- bove the fame in a direct Line. The Nom- bril is next underneath the Fefs Point, ana fwering in a like diftance from the Fefs Poysi as Gerard Leigh hath fet them down. Remote Points are thofe that have their fi- tuation naturally in places further diftantfrom the Center of the Efcocheon. (. Superior. Of thefe there are< C Inferior. The Superior Remote Points are thofe that Imve their being in the upper part of the Efco- cheon. f Middle. Of thefe there are < (Extremes. The Superior Middle Point doth occupy the precife midft of the Chief , between the two Extremes. The two Superior extreme Points do pollefs the corners of the chief part of the Efcocheon. CDexter. And are termed cheon, by reafon of the impofition of fome ftain and Colour thereupon. Note, that all thefe Marks of Diminution , in the Efcoche- ons next following , muft be evermore of fome one of the ltainand Colours, viz. Taw- ny or Murrey , and muft in no wife be of Me- tal , neither muft they be charged in any cafe , for fo fliould they be Additions of Wor- lliip. Thefe are$ The Re- placed on5„ (.Some other part of the Efcocheon: Such as are placed in the Middle are ex- prefled in thefe next two Efcocheons follow- ing, whereof the firft is a Delf, as in this Ex- ample. He beareth Argent , a Delf, Ten, to him that revoketh his own Chal- lenge ( as we call it ) eating his word ( faith Leigh") is this Abate- ment given in token thereof Note , that whenfoever you fhall find two or more of them in one Efcocheon , you fhall not rec- kon of them as Signs of an Abatement, but of Honour ; and in like manner , if either they be of Metal , or Charged upon ; and fo is it alfo in fome other Abatements, which either by their Number or Colours , do Change their quality , and become Char- ges of perfect Bearing. I 3° A Diftlay of Heraldry. Sea. IJ He beareth Or , an Efcocheon reverfed , Sanguine. This is that other Abatement that occupieth the middle point of the Efcocheon, and is given unto him that difcourteoufly in- treateth either Maid or Widow againft their will ; or to fuch an one as flyeth from his So- vereigns Banner : he mall bear his Arms after this ibrt , until fuch time as he have done fome valiant exploit, worthy to be noted by the Heralds ; upon whofe true report,it may pleafe the Soveraign to reftore him to his former Bearing ; which admiflion muft be done in no lefs private Affembly than in the Mufter- ing of a Camp. Such Diminutions as are placed upon fome other part of the Efcocheon. ( One point alone. Do occupy < (More than one. That which occupieth one alone, is called a Dexter point parted, an Example whereof you may fee in this next Efcocheon. He beareth Argent , a Point dexter parted , Tenn : This Diminuti- on is due unto him that overmuchboafteth him- felf of his Martial Ads. If a man do perform any praifeworthy A- clion, the felf Deed will Sufficiently com- mend him, though he lipid lus peace. And therefore Seneca lib. z. dk Bemficm, doth re- prehend this kind of vain boafting ; Res h- qmtur ( faith he ) nobis tkcentibus , Let our Deeds fpeak, let our Tongues be filent : or if we wilfneeds have verbal praife ,letusfeek it by the direction of that wife King, Latt- det te alius, & non os tuum , aliena labia 71011 lingua tun. Let another man be thy Trumpeter , and not thine own mouth. For indeed , that mark wherewith judicious Vir- «il brandeth Frances, doth feldome deceive, ~l.ingua melior , fed frigida belio Dextera , Whofe Tongue is quickeft to fpeak,his Arm in fight is weak. And albeit a man be tru- ly valiant in Deeds of Arms, yet Laus in ore frofrio fordefcit , It is -ungentleman-like to boaft of it. 'Plutarch writes of young Ma- rias, that his talk and gefture was fo ftout that he got the name of Martts filins , the Son of Mars ; but when it came to the proof, he was fo far from what he feemed, that he gained a new name of Veneris films, the Son of Venus. Such Diminutions as do occupy more than one point of the Efcocheon. (Four points. Do comprehends (Lefs than four. That-Diminution of the former fort, is this which you fee in this Efcocheon, and is due to him that is floathful in the Wars. He beareth Or , ai Point in Point, San- guine. Herein you may lee in part how necef- fary it is to know the Points of the Efcoche- on before exprelfed. In- afmuch as this one A- batement comprifeth thefe four Points, viz. the Honour, together with the Dexter and Sinifter, and the exact bafe Points. For it is very manifeft that the one of thefe Arch- lines hath his beginning from the Dexter, and the other from the finifter bafe Points , and do meet in an acute Angle in the Honour point , anfwering perpendicularly to the pre- cife bale point. In former Ages this Vice was chaftifed by another kind of punilhment, faith Cha{fan whereof-! ,f0 i d - aS i when frfore of7 the fame [ One be kind are j fides an. 'jiorn other,as ; '. a i fome are . Divers J forts I born in like J manner "Oneup-i on ano-< tber, One be-' fides an. < pother j 'Burrs 'Cheuron 'Efcochcon .Saitire Efcocheon Chcuron Pallet, ■) r* Pallet.' Bend, Vg , 2 Cotizes. 1 Pale, J ( zEndorfes.' ^upon a S. Chcuron.' cJPile. ; Saitire. ? s ^befides a< Chief. Crofs. Chief. Compound, as having in them fome kind of Mixture, by reafon of the Appofition or Impofitioa of common Charges unto or . upon thefe Ordinaries. b Common, whereof fee the Table gf the Third Seftion: Chap. I. A Dijflay of Heraldry. 35 SECTION It CHAP, L Aving formerly handled, / in the nrft Se&ion, the Common Accidents of an Efcocheon j viz. Points and Abatements : Now will I proceed to fhew their feveral kinds. Efcocheons are either of /.z.with Drops or fuch like. CHAP. II. FRom Shields or Efcocheons confifting of one Tincture only, we come to fuch as have more Tinctures than one. Such Efcocheon is that, wherein divers Colours are reprefented to our fight. Of this fome have Tin- cture .Predominating. ^Not Predominating. Tincture is faid to predominate, when fome one Metal, Colour, or Furr is fpread, or (at leaft } underftood to be fpread all over the Su- perficies or Surface of the Efcocheon , which we ufually call the Field thereof. In fuch E- fcocheons as have in them more Tinctures than one (as is ufual with the greateft number of them) We muft obferve the Field. Charge, The Field is the whole Surface (if I may fo call Chap. III. A Difplay of Heraldry. 37 call it) of the Shield overfpread with fome Metal, Colour, or Furr, and comprehendeth in it the Charge, if it hath any. Look how many Metals, Colours and Furrs there are be- forenamed , fo many feveral Fields of Anns there be. In Blazoning of any Arms , you muft ( according to the Rule given, fag. 9.) firft exprefsthe Metal, Colour, or Furr of the Field, laying, HebearethOr, Argent, Gules, &c. or thus, The Field is Or, Argent, Cules , &c. but you muft not name this word Field, when you ufe thefe words, He beareth ; fay- ing, He beareth a Field, Or, Argent, Gules, &c. but you fhall only name the Metal , Co- lour, or Furr; thus, The Field is Or, Argent, Gules, Sic. or, He beareth Or, Argent, Gules, &c. and then proceed to the Blazon of the Charge, if there be any. The firft Metal , Colour , or Furr that you begin to Blazon withal , is always underftood among our Eng- hfli Blazoners to be the Field. Alfo in Blazon- ing of Arms compofed of Field and Charge, if there be feveral Charges , whereof the one lieth nearer to the Field than the other , after you have nominated the Metal, Colour, or Furr of the Field, then muft you proceed to the immediate Charge that lieth next to the Field , and after to that which is more re- mote. 1 .Whereas I have formerly made mention of Tinctures or Colours; when I fpeak of the Tindures or Colours of Fields , I under- ftand thereby, thofe fpecial Colours before- named, which as by a certain peculiar Right belong to the Art Armorial ; utterly ex- cluding all thofe that are named general or proper Colours, as altogether unfit for Fields of Coat-Armours. C H A P. 1 1 1. THefe Fields are the parts of Arms.con- tainmg : Charges, which are the parts contained, are next to be confidered. A Charge , is that thing whatfoever that doth occupy theField,and is in the fame asCoti- tentum in Continente, whether it be Senfitive or Vegetable, Natural or Artificial , and is pla- ced, either throughout all the Superficies of the Efcocheon, orelfeinfome fpecial part of the fame. r The Common Accidents of Charges C Adumbration, or Tranfparency. Tranfmutation, or Counter-changing. Adumbration or Tranfparency is a clear ex- emption of the Subftance of the Charge or thing born, in fuchfort, as that there remain- eth nothing thereof to be difcerned, but the Are ^ naked and bare proportion of the outward li- neaments thereof, or the outward Trad", Purile, or Shadow of a thing; and fuch kind of Bearing is , by better Heralds than Gram- marians, termed Tranfparent, quaji traufpa- rens; becaufe the Field, being ( as it were") on the further fide of the Charge , or under- neath the fame, yet the Tincture and Colour thereof lheweth clean through the Charge, and that no lefs clearly than as if it werti through a Glafs. In Blazoning of Coat-Armour of this kind, you fliall fay that the Owner thereof beareth this Beaft, Bird, Tree, &c.umbrated ; for that by reafon of the exemption of the Subftance thereof, which was intended to be the Charge, it affordeth no other reprefentation than the fimple Shadow thereof, which in Latin is cal- led Umbra , and thereof is it termed umbra^ ted. And the portraying out of any thing umbrated , is nothing elfe but a fleight and fingle draught or Purfle , traced out with a Pencil, expre/Jing to the view a vacant form of a thing deprived of all Subftance , which muft be done with fome imperfect orobfeure Colour, as Black or Tawny, unlefs the Field be of the fame Colour, Such Bearing hath undergone the fharp Cen- fureof thofe that judged it to have been oc- cafioned by reafon of fome ungentleman-like , or unthrifty quality , in regard that the fame reprefenteth a Shadow void of Subftance. O- thers are of Opinion, that their Owners were fuch, whofe Progenitors in fore-paffed times- have born the fame effentially and compleatly according to the true ufe of Bearing : But for- afmuch as their Patrimony and Poifeftions were much impaired, or utterly wafted; their Nephews and Kinfmen feeing themfelves de- prived of their Inheritance, and yet living in hope, that in future time the fame may ( by fome unexpected Accident ) revert unto them- felves, or to their Pofterities (laying afide all ordinary differences ) chufe rather to bear their Arms umbrated, that whenfoever either that Inheritance , or any other high Fortunes mould light on their Family , they might a- agam refume the wonted Subftance to fuch their umbrated form , and fo,' reduce their Arms to their ancient Bearing. And it is deemed a far better courfe ( upon fuch occa- fion ) to bear the Arms of their Progenitors, umbrated, than utterly to reject the fame , whereby it might ( within a few Defcents J be doubted much, if not denied , that they were defcended from fuch a Family. Whatfoever is born with Arms umbrated , muft not be charged in any cafe." In Blazon- ing you muft never nominate the Colour of fuch Tract of the thing that is umbrated, be- caufe they do only bear a fhew of that they are not , that is to fay , of a Charge ; and therefore is the Colour of fuch Adumbra- tion efteemed unworthy to be named in Bla- 5* A Difplay of Heraldry. SMI zon. As touching the diftrlbution of Charges, I it is to be obferved, that (. Proper, All Charges of Arms are either< or, t Common. Thofc Charges are faid to be proper, which by a certain property do particularly belong to this Art , ahd are of ordinary ufe there- in , in regard whereof they are called Ordi- naries : And they have alfo the Title of Ho- nourable Ordinaries , in that the Coat-Ar- mour is much honoured thereby, forafmuch as they are oftentimes given by Emperours, Kings, and Princes , as Additions of Honour unto the Coat- Armours of Perfons of Defert, for fome fpecial Service already paft, or upon hope of fome future worthy Merit. Moreo- ver ( as Leigh ilieweth ) they are alfo called, Moft worthy Partitions, in refpecl that albeit the Field be charged in divers parts thereof, whether with things of one or of divers kinds , yet is every of them as effectual as if it were only one by the Sovereignty of thefe Partitions being interpofed between them. fMaking. In thefe we muft confiders their CManner of Bearing. The making of Ordinaries confifteth of Lines diverfly compofed. Lines therefore are the matter whereof thefe Ordinaries are form- ed , and according to the divers Tracts and Forms of Lines , they . do receive a diverfe lhape and variation of Names. For this caufe Lines muft be duly confidered , and efpecially their Properties ; in fpeaking whereof, I muft crave pardon of Euclid's Artifts , if I trace not in their Steps and Definitions , but ufe fuch Defcription as fhall be ritteft for our nra cTrife. V < Rightnefs. The Properties of thofe Lines< are their C Crookednefs. 'Dine [tint linea ex quiius figiira omnes comfonnntur , line a retla , &' Imea curva Zanch. lib. 5. cap. 422. ' i Rightnefs is a property of a Line whereby it is carried levelly or equally throughout the Efcocheon, without either rifing or tailing. Crookednefs is a property of a Line meerly contrary to Rightnefs , in that it is carried un- evenly throughout the Efcocheon, with rifing and falling. In Blazoning of Ordinaries formed of ftreight Lines , you muft only name the Or- dinary, without making mention of the ftreightnefs of the Line , whereof the fame is compofed : But if the fame be made of any of the manifold forts of crooked Lines , the form of fuch crookednefs muft be efpecially menti- oned, as by Examples ihall be made plain here- after in their proper places. Xrofs, Chief, Pale, Thefe Honourable Ordi- ' Bend, naries before menti- ' Fefs, oned ( according to > Efcocheon, Leigh~)nre in number Nine, vt z. Cheuron, Saltire, Barr, j. Part of the Efcocheon uncharged, and charged the 3. 3. Part. 3. Part. 5- Part uncharged , and charged the j. ' whofe Content is< 3. Part. " y . Part. y. Part according to Leigh : the j. ac- cording to Chaffa. f. Part uncharged , and charged the I third part thereof. If. Part. As touching the Properties of a crooked Line, it is to be obferved, that C Bunched. A crooked Line is < C Cornered. jTnvecked, J Engrailed, J Waved, Nebula, A Bunched Line is that which is carried with round reflections or bowing up and down, making divers hollow Crooks or Furrows, by reafon of the fundry Bendings to and fro , as by thefe Examples next following may ap« pear. Of thefe fome are As in Example, ' 1 1 Chap. IV. A Bifflay of Heraldry. 39 A Corner Line is framed of fundry Lines meeting together cornenvife. RedvAnguled : fo called of their right Corners or Angles, and arc- formed after this manner, ed Lines,", ' flndented, feme are Acute-Anguled : fo na- 1 after thls med becaufe their I manner ' Of corner- Corners or , are Acute or Siiarp : i „_j — „ r>i winch are and thefe v/e call Angles*: , Sharn.J D ? unfe "> 1 winch a formed I after this Uort, WWVVWvV AAAAAAAA 1 Note , That thefe two laft mentioned forts Ot Lines, vtz. Indented and Daunfett, are both one, ficundum quale, but not fecund urn quantum: For their form is all one but in quantity they differ much, in that the one is much wider and deeper than the other S« A mT 6 teVe ™} forts of Lines > Exam- ples fhall be g,ven hereafter, as occafion ftfll CHAP. IV. HAving fpoken of the Properties of Lines Jo much as ferves for our intended pur - pofe ; let us next take a view of the fe- deral kinds of thofe Lines, as far forth as thev have ufe in Heraldry. J For they are ufed ^Single. .Manifold. Of both which kinds and forms are all the Honourable Ordinaries compofed, as we ihall iliew hereafter. And firft for the fmgle Line and their ufe it is to be underftoodfthat one flngle Line doth make that fort of Ordinary which we name a Chief. A Chief is an Or- dinary determined by fome one of the feve- ral forms ot Lines aforefaid , added to the Chief part of the Efcocheon: As in Exam- He beareth Gules, a Chief, Argent , by the Name of Worjley, and is tile Coat of Thomas Worfley of Havivgham in the North Riding of Tarijbire, Efquire. Or, a Chief, Gules , is born by Sir Martin Lumley I Knight and Baronet. When I fay that a Chief is determined by- one Line, I mean not, that one fmgle Line is of it f elf a compleat Chief, but that the bounds and proportion of fuch an Ordinary is defin- ed out, and limited by fuch a fmgle Line: tor otherwife , to fpeak more properly, a Chief containeth in depth the third part of tne Meld ; and the fame may be diminifhed, but m no ca fe divided into halves. The Chief betokeneth a Senator or Honourable Herfonage borrowed from the Greeks, and is a ord figmfy.ng H ead, in which %fe #e cMLaptaneus ( fo named for fome myftery or fecret of Arms. And for the approbation of fuch Bearing, he giveth an inftance of an Efcocheon of pre- tence or Engiflet ( fo he termeth it ) born o- ver thefe four Coats , viz. of Anuria, Bur- gundy Sicily, and Flanders, which is, Or an Endorfe between a Lyon faliant, and an Eagle difplayed, Gules. s Now from the Pale , and the feveral Sub- u jT £ ereof » Iet u * come to the Bend, and the difhnct parts of the fame. A Bend is an Ordmary confifting alfo of twofold Lines drawn overthwart the Efcocheon , from the Dexter Chief to the Sinifter bafe point of the lame, fo that the exacl: point of the Dexter and Sinifter corners thereof, may anfwer to the precife midft of thofe Equidiftant Lines whereof the Bend is made : As in Example. He beareth Of, a Bend, Sable. Which Arms were anciently bom by Teter de Ma- lolacu, or Ma-jvley , a Noble Baron of this Kingdom, in the time of King Eduvard the Third. The Bend con- tameth in bredth the fifth part of the Field , as it is uncharged ; but if it be charged, then foall it contain the third Pm t ler ^ ,,° f a" the Ordinaries there i, none divided like this, as by Example fhali hereafter appear. e The Bencf feemethtohave its Denominati- on from the French word Bender , which hV- mfieth to ft retch forth, becaufe it is extended betwm thofe oppofit points of the Efcocheon ■viz. the Dexter Chief, and the Sinifter Bafe Yet in ancient Rules J find the Bend drawn iomewhat Arch-wife, or after the refemblance 8 of 4 2 A Difflay of Heraldry. of the bent of a Bow. Notwithstanding, ac- cording to fome Armorifts, it doth reprefent a Ladder fet aflope on this manner, to fcale the Walls of any Caftle or City , as (hall be fliewed hereafter, and betokeneth the Bearer to have been one of the firft that mounted upon the Enemies Walls. This Bend drawn from the right fide to the left , is called a Bend Dexter ; but you lhall alfo find a Bend exact- ly drawn like to this on the contrary fide, ha- ving his beginning from the left corner of the Chief, and his termination in the Dexter bale point of the Efcocheon , for which caufe it is named a Bend Sinifter, as in Example here- after (hall illuftrate. In Elazoning of Bends, if the fame be Dexter, you lhall only fay, He bears a Eend , not ufing the word Dexter ; but if it be drawn from the Sinifter Chief to the Dexter Bafe, then you muft in Blazon by no means omit the word Sinifter. Note, That the Bend, and divers other Or- dinaries following , are fubject to exemption or voiding. Voiding ( as earft we mewed 1 is the exemption of fome part of the inward Jubilance of thingsvoidable,by occalion where- of the Field is tranfparent through the Charge , leaving only the outward Edges , bearing the colour and quantity of the Charge, as appeareth in this next Efcocheon, He beareth Ermyn , a Bend voided , Gules, by the name of Irelon. Note, that if the void part of the Bend were of a different Metal, Colour, or Furr, from the Field, then Ihould you term the fame , a Bend bordured , Gules, ( according to the opinion of fome Armorifts:) But I amor opinion that it were better Bla- zoned , a Bend of fuch and fuch a Metal, Co- lour, or Furr edged. For this Difference do I put between them , that when it is blazon- ed edged, it muft be underflood to be an edge or hem , running along the fides only ; but if it were termed in blazon Bordured , thert muft it be conceived that the Bend is inviron- ed round, as well the ends as the edges. He beareth Argent, a Bend engrailed , Sa- ble , by the Name of Radclyff. This with the Arms of ZJljler, is the Paternal Coat-Ar- mour of the Honoura- ble Sir Francis Radclyff of Dilfton in Northum- berland, Baronet, of which Family there have been Six Earls of Stifle x ; -viz. Robert Radchff Vifcount Fitz,- water, created Earl of StiJJex by King Henry the Eighth, Anno 1529. and one of the Knights of the Honourable Order . of the Garter. 2. Henry Earl of Sujjex, Knight of the Gar- ter, who was indulged by Patent from Queen Mary, for fome 'eminent Services performed by him, that he might at any time ftahd Co- vered in her prefence ; an Honour never grant- ed to any Subject of England , neither before nor fince that time , no, not to the Prince or Heir apparent to the Crown , as Dr. Cham- berlain , inhis c Prefent State of England, fag. 160. takes notice of. 5. Thomas Earl of Suj- \'ex, Knight of the Garter , and Lord Cham- berlain to Queen Elizabeth, who went Gene- ral into the North. 4. Henry YjctX of Sti fle x, Knight of the Garter. Robert Earl of Sujjex, alfo Knight of the Garter : And 6.Ed- ward Earl of Suffex. Of this Family were alfo two more Knights of the G6ti dividitur d patrimonio pMris fin ■. in that it cuts or rents the Coat- Armour in twain, becaufethe Eaftard is cutoff from his Fathers lnheritance.In fome Countries theyufedto diftinguifh thefe from the law ful begotten, by fetting of two Letters upon their Garments, S and C P, qnaji, SineTatre, without Father. Cm fater eft popnlw, pater eft hitic nulfos & (omttif. Brats are priviledg'd above any ; We have bat one Sire, they have many. And perhaps S T did fignifie Satus Topulo, the Son of the People. Chaffanteus faith, that Baftards are not capable of their Fathers Pa- trimony, either by Law or Cuftome, Quia fi- lius Ancillte non erat hares cumfilio Liberie: The Servants Child muft not part flakes with her MiftrelTes. Leigh is of Opinion , That the lawful Son of a Baftard (hall change his Fathers Mark to the right fide, obferving (till the quantity thereof ; for fo I do underltand him, in refpect that he addeth immediately, that the fame may , at- the pleafure of the Prince, be inlarged, or broken after this man- He beareth, Azure, a Bend, double Dancett, Argent, by the Name of Lorks. This (faith Leigh ) fhall never be called other than a Bend , after it is thus parted : but Baftards (faith he) have fundry other Marks, every one according to their unlawful begettings ; which with hundreds of others , are the Secrets of Heralds. Befides thofe bearings bendwife above de- monftrated , we mentioned another by the name of a Bendlet, which hath greater re- femblance with a Bend than any of the reft 5 and by the Name it may feem to be fome fub- divifion of the Bend. It hath yet no certain quantity, but containeth evermore a fixth part of the Field (according to the obfervation of Leigh ) whereof you have an Example in this next Efcocheom The Field is Argent, a Bendlet, Gules. Two manner of ways doth this Charge differ from the Bend : The one , that the bend contain- eth the fifth part of the Field uncharged, and the third part thereof char- ged. And this is limi- ted to the fixth part of the Field, which it may not exceed. Secondly, It is diftinguifh- ed from the bend , fecundum locationem in place,inafmuch as the bend is fo placed,as that the corner of the Efcocheon doth anfwer to the juft middle of the fame, between the up- per and neither Lines thereof : but the bend- let beginneth in the exact corner of the point of Ghap. VI. A Difflay of Heraldry. 47 of the Efcochcon ; fo as the lower Line is di- ftant from the corner thereof the full breadth of the bendlet. CHAP. VI. Otl R prefixed Order doth now call upon me to bend my courfe from bends , with the parts and fubdivifions there- of, and to proceed to the Fefs , which chal- lengeth the next place. The Fefs is an Ordinary, formed of a two- fold Line, drawn overthwart the breadth of the Efcocheon ; in the midft whereof is the very Center of the Shield. And it containeth the third part of the Field , and may not be diminifhed, albeit the French Heralds -do bla- zon three bars gemels, for a Fefs of fix pieces. He beareth Vaire,Or, and Vert, a Fefs, Gules, by the Name of Nuf- field. This word Fefs is a French word , and doth fignifie the Loins of a man. This Ordi- nary hath been ancient- ly taken for the fame that we call Balthetim militare, or Qngulum Honoris , a Belt of Honour ; becaufe it divideth the Field into two equal parts , it felf occupying the middle between both , even as the Girdle environeth the middle part of a man , and refteth upon his Loins. This Girdle of Honour may feem to have been in ancient time given by Emperours and Kings, and their Generals of the Field unto Souldiers, for reward of fome fpecial Service performed by them : and it is not improbable, that fuch a reward it was, that the General of David's Army , Joab, would have given the Meifenger that brought him news that Abfa- lom was hanged by the hair of the Head in an Oak, if he had ftain him ; where Joab faith , .Why haft thou not lilted him , that fo 1 might have rc-juarded thy Service with ten Shec'kles \ of Silver , and a Girdle Q cr nu arming Kelt ) ? For fome tranflate it Cingulum, fome Baltheum. Amongft the Macedonians ji was ordained by a Military Law (faith Alex-, ab Alex?) that the Souldier that had not killed an Enemy, nonmilitari Cingulo, fed capiflro ciu- geretnr : fliould not be girt with an arming Girdle, but with a Halter. And not without reafon is a man adorned with a Military Gir- dle , fignifying he muft be always in a readi- nefs to undergo the bufmefs of the Weal Pub- lick j for the more fpeedy performance of which Charge, he fliould have his Garments tfbfe girt unto his body , that the loofnefs of them fliould give no impediment to the execu- tion _ of his aifumed- Charge and enjb) ned Services. And thefe Tokens of Chivalry were fo highly efteemed in ancient times, that Sr. Ambrofe faith, in his Age , Dure s , G> Trin- cipes^ omnes etiam militant es , operofis Cingu- ln duro fulgeitte pretiofis, ambimtf§c. Great Captains, Princes, and Martial Men, delight to wear their Belts curioufly wrought, and glit- tering with Gold, &c. As the beftowing of this Military Girdle , was reputed very honourable , becaufe none were to receive it but Men of Merit , fo alfo was it ever accounted mod difhonourable for any juft caufe to be again deprived of the Dig- nity thereof; neither fliould fuch an one be reftored thereunto, but upon very fingular and efpecial Defert , as Fereitus noteth , where he faith , Augustus lauddbiliter militare'm difcipliuamge/Jit Jevertffime : privates mi- litari Cingulo nunquam reftituit , nifi illospra catern virtutum merit a infignirent : Align- lius the Emperour got much honour by the fe- verity of his Military Difcipline : for if a man were once deprived of his arming Girdle , he never would reftore it , unlefs lie performed fome excellent Service above all others. Not- withstanding, there is alfo one kind of putting off the Belt , of no lefs honour, than the put-- ting on of it ; yea, much more glorious it is , in that it is the end and perfection of the 0- ther ; and that is, when the Victory is atchiev- ed, Victory being the end of Arming.as Peace is of Battel. To which purpofe is that fay- ing, i Reg. 20. ir. Ne jatlet fe qui fe deciu- git , lit qui difcingit : Let not him boaff whd girds himfelf, as he that doth ungird: mean- ing, we muft not triumph ( as the faying is) before Victory ; but it being once attained, if is the Honour of a Generous Mind, to put off his Belt , and not to Sanguine his Blade with cold blood. For thofe Gallants, who in times and places of Peace , are ftill drawing their Swords like Warriours, in times and places of War, prove (for the moft part) peaceabler and calmer than they lhould be. But it a Knight be difarmed of his Military- Girdle by his Demerits and Offence , he is therewithal deprived of all Military Priviledg- es , like as it tareth with a Captain , who (if he happen to lofe his Enfigns ) is difabled to advance any other in the Field, until hie hath either regained the fame, or by his Valour ex- torted fome other from the Enemy. Which kind of deprivation of Knights and Martial' Men for any notable tranfgreilion , was of fre- quent ufe in times paft , arid in fome places is continued unto this dav with greater feverity and much more infamy than in former limes. Depofitio Cingulomm tS Baltheorum ( faith Wolfgangtis Laznls~) qiiod genus pcen£ pre- prio fcorjim vocabulo difcincfurals rec in "li- ra vocabatur ■ maiiet hodie adht'.c in or dine Eqnejiri } miijori qiiam ilim ignominia. Quo ri'.M 48 A Difplay of Heraldry, Sea. If. ritu ( Ut nos dicimus ) Equites aurati digra- dantur. The depriving of the Belt ( which was wont to be termed the difcindure or un girding ) is at this day (till in ufe amongft Knights , and with more ignominy than was in ancient times : which is nothing elfe but that which we call degrading of a Knight. If ■ any ask me, How this comes about that fuch Degradation of a Knight is more infamous than of old ? I anfwer, it is becaufe it is more rare, and therefore more remarkable. If a- gain you ask, Why it is more rare than of old ? I anfwer, becaufe it is more infa- mous, and therefore Princes more unwilling to inflict it. Howfoever, the trutli is, that bafe and unknightly actions and qualities , de- ferve a bafe and unknightly chaftifement. He beareth Or, a Fcfs Dancett , Sable. Thefe Arms pertain to the worthy Gentleman Sir Thomas Vavafour , who, in the Reign of King James , was Knight Marihal of his Majefties Houfhold, and of the Verge thereto appertaining ; whofe Family anciently had the addition Lc to their Name, as being the Kings Vahafores, being in times paft a Degree not much inferiour to a Baron, and given to their Family c x Regw muiiere, as Mr. Camden 110- teth in Torhfljire, fpeaking of Hafelivood, be- ing the ancient Inheritance of the faid Fami- ly- ^ So much of aFefs: now of a Chevron. A Chevron is an Ordinary , formed of a twofold Line Spirewife or Pyramidal ; the Foundation being in the Dexter and Sinifter bafe points of the Efcocheon , and the acute Angle of the Spire near to the top of the Efcocheon : As in Example. The Field is Topaz, a Chevron,Ruby. This Coat pertaineth to the Honourable and An- cient Family of Staf- ford , now Barons, and fometimes Earls of Stafford, and Dukes of Buckingham. This • r ti Ordinary is refembled to a pair of Barge-couples or Rafters, fuch as Carpenters do let on the higheft part -of the Houfe, for bearing of the Roof thereof: and betokeneth the atchievmg of fome bufinefs of moment, or the finilliing of fome chargeable and memorable work. This was anciently the ufual form of bearing of the Chevron, as ap- peared! by many Seals and Monuments yet ex- tant, andismoftagreableto Reafon, that as it reprefenteth the Roof of a Houfe (though I am not ignorant that Leigh faith , it was in old times the Attire for the Heads of Women Pnefts ) fo accordingly it fliould be extended to the higheft part of the Efcocheon, though tar different is the bearing thereof in thefe days. In which refpccl: it were fit that com- mon Painters , the common Diforderers of thefe Tokens of Honour , were better looked unto; who both in former Ages, and much more in thefe days, have greatly corrupted thefe honourable figns, by adding their new iantaftical mventionsjthat fo they might make die things born in Coat-Armour more perfpi- cuous to the view, or becaufe they would be thought to be well overfeen in Heraldry. For indeed they want the eye of Judgment , to fee and dilccrn that fuch is the excellency of thefe honourable Tokens , that the leaft alteration either by augmentation , diminution , tranf- pofition , or whatfoever other means , doth occafion a change in them fo great as that they thereby differ from themfelves , not on- ly in their accidental , but alfoin their fubflan- tial parts, and ceafe to be any longer the fame they were betore , and their owners are de- barred to challenge any propriety or intereft in them , in refpecft of fuch alteration. Modica alter at 10 in membro fnncipali magnam alter- ationemfactt (faith the PhUofoplier^ A lit- tle alteration makes a great alteration in a principal part. As the leaft fpot in the eye which is the worthieft part of the face, doth more disfigure the fame, than ten times fo much in any other Member of the whole bo- The Content of the Chevron is the fifth part of the Field (according to Z but Lhattanms reckoneth the fame amongft thofe Ordinaries that do occupy the third part of the ™„ Y ° u ™y, have two Chevrons in one field (faith Uig¥) but not above ; and if they exceed that number, then ihall you call them Chevron ways. But I fuppofe they might be termed much better Chevronels; that is to lay, minute or fmall Chevrons; for fo is their blazon more certain. This Charge following and the Subdivifions thereof, are diverfjy born aswell inrefpectof the divers location, as of the variable form thereof; for fometimes it is • born on chief, othcrwhiles on bafe, fometimes enarched, fometimes reverfed, fometimes fret- ted, &c. as after by Examples appeareth. He beareth Or, a Chevron in Chief, A- zure. Note that the lower part of this Che- vron is far above the ordinary place of a fin- gle Chevron ; for it is pitched as high as the Norribril of the Efco- | , ,. .- „ cheon, whereas others I have their nfing from or near above the Dex- Chap. VI. A Difp/ay of Heraldry. 49 ter and Sicifter bafc points. The Anceftors of this bearer ( faith Letgli) have born the fame otherways, which was for fome good purpofe removed, although it were better after the common manner of bearing. There are di- vers Accidents incident unto this Ordinary, ■viz. Trarifpofition, as in this laft Efcocheon ; Couping , Voiding and Reverfing. Of all which I purpofe to give feveral Examples in their proper places. * He beareth Ermyn, a Chevron, couped, Sa- ble , by the Name of Jones. What couping is, I have before {hew- ed , whereunto Q for lhunning needlefs repe- tition) I refer you. He beareth Azure, a Chevron Ingrailed , voided, Or, by the Name oiDudley. What voiding is, I have (hew- ed before. In the bla- zoning ofCoat-Armours of this kind, I mean of Charges voided , you fhall not need to make any mention of the Colour, of the exempted part thereof, faying, that it is voided of the Field : For if you fay voided only , it is ever underftood that the Field fheweth through the middle part of the Charge voided. If the middle part of this Chevron were of a different Metal, Colour, or Furr, from the Field, then Ihould you blazon it thus ; A chevron engrail- ed , Or , furmounted of another , of fuch or fuch Colour. He beareth Or, two Cheverons, Gules, by the Name of Mounfon; and with the Arms of ZJlfter is the bearing of Sir John Mounfon of Carleton in Lincoln- Jlm-e, Baronet. Argent, two Che- verons , Sable , is the Coat-Armour of Sir Jofeph Afi of Twitten- bam in Middlefex, Baronet : and of William Ajli of FLitchbury in Wiltjliire, Efquire. He beareth Topaz, two Cheverons, Rub)', Or, a Canton of the Second, a Mullet of the Firft. This was the Coat-Ar- mour of Sir William Tope , who was created Earl of Do-jyri,and Baron 'Pope of Beltirbet in Ire- /.W,whofe SonWilliaiu dying in the life time of his Father,his Grand- fon Thomas fucceeded him in the faid Honour, but left Elizabeth his Daughter and fole Heir (the Honour returning to Thomas his Uncle) who was firft married to Sir Francis Henry Lee of Oiijircndon in Bnckinghamjhire , Baronet; by whom ihe had Iflue Sir Ed-ward Henry Lee, who was created Earl of Lichfield, Vif- count Qujirendon , and Baron of Spe Is berry ; and Francis Lee ; and is now married to the Right Honourable Robert Bertue , Earl of Lindfey , Baron Wi llonghby of Eresby , Lord Great Chamberlain of England, by whom flic hath Iffue the Lady Elizabeth* He beareth Ar- gent, three Cheve- rons, Gules, a Label of three Points , A- zure, by the Name of Barrington , and is the bearing of Tho- mas Barrington Efq; Son and Heir to Sir John Barrington of Barrington-haU in He beareth Azure, three Cheverons , Ar- gent, by the Name df Lewkenor , and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of John Lewkenor of Weft-Dean in Sntfex , Efq; Son and Heir of Sir John Lewkenor Knight of the Bath, deceaied, who wasdefcended from the ancient Family of the Lewienors, Gules, three Cheverons, Or, by the Name of Mathews ; and is born by Lemuel Ma- thews A. M. Arch-Deacon of Down in the Kingdom of Ireland; and by his brother Man Mathews , Vicar of Swanjey in Gldmorgan- Jhire. Or, three Chevrons, Gules , was the Coat of Robert bafe Son of Henry the Firft , who was created Earl of Gloitcefier by his Father, and had ffliie William Earl of Ghucefier ; i -which 5° A Difylay of Heraldry. Sed.II. which William had three Daughters and Co- heirs , viz. Ifabel, who was married to King John ; Mabel , who married to the Earl of Eureux ; and Amicia , married to Richard Earl of Clare and Glocefier. This Robert built the Caftles of Briftol and Cardiff, and the Priory of St. James in Briftol , where he ly- eth interr'd. He beareth Sable , three Chevrons, Er- myn,by the Name of Wife, and is the Coat- Armour of Sir Ed- ward Wife of Syden- ham in Tievonftjire , Knight of the Bath. This Coat , with a due difference, is born by Mr. John Wife of the City of London , Mafter Plummer to the Office of his Majefties Ordnance. He beareth Argent, three Chevrons, Sable , each charged with five Annulets, Or, by the Name of Colwal, and is born by John Cohual of the Inner Temple, London, Efq. CChevronel. The Subdivisions of this Or-^ dinary are cCouplc-clofe. A Chevronel is a diminutive of a Chevron, and fignifieth a minute or fmall Chevron, and containeth half the quantity of the Chevron ; as for Example. He beareth Argent, a Chevronel, Vert. Of thefe ( faith Leigh ~) you may have no more than three in a Field , except Partition. The other Subdivifion of the Chevron is called a Couple-clofe. A Cou- ple-clofe is a fubordi- nate Charge derived from a Chevron , and formed of two Lines erected Chevron-ways. He beareth Vert , a Couple-clofe , Argent. This containeth the fourth of the Chevron, and is not born but by- Pairs , except there be a Chevron between them. Well doth the Name of this Charge, agree with the ufe thereof, which is not only to be born by Cou- ples for the moft part , but alfo to have a Che- vron between them , which they inclofe on each fide. The next in order to the Chevron is the Earr. A Barr is compofed of two Equi-diftant Lines drawn overthwart the Efcocheon , after the manner of theFefs before-mentioned, as. in this next Efcocheon appeareth. This Ordinary dif- fereth from the Fefs, ' not only in that it con- taineth the fifth part of the Field, whereas the Fefs occupieth the third part thereof; but alfo that the Fefs is limited to one certain place of the Efcocheon , to wit, the exact Center or Fefs point thereof, where- as the Barr is not tyed to any ,'prefcript place, but may be transferred unto fundry parts of the Efcocheon. But if there be but one only Barr in the Efcocheon, then muft the fame oc- cupy the place of the Fefs , as appeareth in this Efcocheon. This Charge is of more efti- mation than is well confidered of many that bear the fame. If you have two Barrs in the Field, they muft be fo placed , as that thereby the Field of the Efcocheon may be divided in- to five equal parts ; fo ihall each, of them re- ceive their juft quantity. (.Clofet. A Barr is fubdivided into a< CBarulet. A Clofet is a Charge abftracled from a Barr, and confifteth alfo of two Equi-diftant Lines drawn overthwart the Efcocheon : As in Ex- ample. He beareth Or , a Clofet, Sanguine. This containeth half the Barr, and of thefe there may be five in one Field , and are very good Armory. The o- ther Subdivifion of a Barr is called a Baru- let, which ( after the Opinion of Leigh") cannot be born dividedly , but muft be born by Couples, unlefs they be parted with a Barr, whereof you have an Ex- ample in this next Efcocheon. He Chap. VI. A Difplay of Heraldry. He beareth Sable^ a Barulet, Argent. The Content of the Barulet is the fourth part of the Barr, whereof it is a de- rivative, as by the name of Diminution impofed thereupon doth mani- feftly appear. Bairulets (faith Vj>ton~) are di- verfly born in Arms, viz. Plain, Engrailed,&c. ^hereunto good heed mud be taken in Bla- zon. He beareth Argent, ■ ■ two Barrs, Gules, by the [II ; TTj Name of South- and is iHL. lUJ born by John South of Kelftum in Lincoln/hire Efq; one of the Gentle- men of the Privy Cham- ber in Ordinary to his Majefty KingCharles the Second, SonofSir7cfe South of the faid place, Knight. Azure, two Barrs, Or, is the Coat-Armour of the ancient Family of the Burdets of JVar- wickjhire. Argent, two Barrs, Sable , is born by Ed- ward Br ere ton of Burros in T)enbigh[ljire , Efquire» Hitherto of a Barr : Now of a Gyron. A Gyron is an Ordinary confining of two ftreight Lines drawn from divers parts of the Efcqcheon, and meeting in an acute Angle in the Fefs point of the fame. A Gyron (as one faith ) is the fame that we call in Latin Gre- mtufn, which fignifieth a Lap, and is the fpace between the Thighs ; 'and thence perchance do we call the Groyn ; which name, whether it be given to this Charge, becaufe it determines tn gretrno , in the very lap or midft of the Ef- cocheori, or becaufe it hath a bending like the Thigh and Leg together , I cannot define. Gyrons are born diverily, viz. fingle, by cou- ples, of fix, of eight, of ten, and of twelve as lhaU appear hereafter, where I (hall fpeak of Arms having no tincture predominating For the making this Ordinary , behold this next Efcocheon, where you fliajfl find one fingle Gyron alone,which doth bed exprefs the man- ner thereof: as in Example He beareth Sanguine, one Gyron iffuing.from the Chief Dexter point, Or. If thefe two Lines whereof this Ordinary is framed , were drawn throughout to the Ex- tremities of the Efco* cheon, then would they conftitute two Gyrons, as in this next Efro» cheon appeareth. But if this Gyron had flood in Fefs in the Dexter part, and the Cyron Af- gent , then were it the fecond Coat of the Lord a',? Wolfo of Suefci, whole Daughter was married to the Marquifs of Northampton, and after to Gorge. He beareth Argent ,, two Gyrons, Gules. You need not fay, Meeting in point, the one from the Dexter Chief; the other in the Sinifter bafe, becaufe they do ever- more meet in the Fefs point, be they never fo many. Here you fee, that as two Lines drawn , the one Beridways from the Dexter corner of the Chief patt of the Efcocheon, and refting on the fefs point , and the other drawn Fefsways bverthw?,rt the Efcocheon , and meeting with the fame in the faid Fefs point , do make one Gyron : fo do the fame drawn throughout , produce two Gy- rons. So much of a Gyron ! Now of a Canton arid Quarter; A Canton is an Ordinary framed of two ftreight Lines, the one drawn perpendicularly from the Chief, and the other tranfverfe from the fide of the Efcocheon, and meeting there- with in an acute Angle , near to the corner of the Efcocheon, as in this next appearetH.' \i.ip.k*...4 ... 4 **if At* He beareth Ermyn, aCanton, Argent, charg- ed with a Chevron \ Gules, by the Name of Middleton. This Or- dinary is termed a Can- ton, becaufe it occupi- eth but a Corner or Cantel of the Efcoche- j i u T , , „ on - Some Armorifts do hold, That the Canton is a Reward given to Gentlemen, Efquires, and Knights, forW vice done by them, and not to a Baron. Some others riotwifhftanding are of a different 6pi- nioh, That a Canton may Well befeem an Earl or a Baron receiving the fame at his Soveraigns hand ; yet is the Quarter to be preferred id Dignity before the fame : and before them both, Sir John Feme preferreth the Efcocheon of Pretence, which he calletfi an Engiflet or Feffy Target. Note that a Canton parted tra- vetfe ways , whether it be from the Dexter corner, or from the Sinifter, doth make two bafe Squires., And if the Canton be placed in the Dexter corner of the Efcocheori , you muft in Blazon only name it a Cantori, hot makino- any mention of the local fituation thereof: but tf it be placed On the contrary fide, then fnuft 1 a' you* 5 2 A Diftlay of Heraldry. Sed. II. y ou in Blazon add this word Sinifter , as he beareth a Canton Sinifter. The Sinifter Can- ton is all one with the Dexter in fqrm,in quan- tity, and in eftimation , but differeth from the fame , botli in regard of the local pofition thereof (by reafon that it is placed in the Si- nifter corner of the Efcocheon ) asalfointhat it is not of fo frequent ufe. Hitherto of a Canton , now of a Quar- ter. The Quarter is an Ordinary of like compo- fition with the Canton, and holdeth the fame places, and hath great resemblance thereof; infomuch as the fame Rules and Obfervatiorjs that do ferve for the one , may be attributed to the other, Quia fimilinm Jim His eft ratio ; of like things the reafon is alike. The only difference between them is, that the Canton keepeth only a cantle or fmall portion of the corner of the Efcocheon, and the Quarter com- prehendeth the full fourth part of the Efcoche- on ; as in Example. He beareth Verrey, Argent and Sable , a Quarter, Gules, by the name of Eftauton. Al- beit that ( according to Leigh ^) the Quarter is for the molt part given by Emperors and Kings to a Baron (at the Iealt} for fome fpecial or ac- ceptable Service done by him ; yet do we find the fame bellowed upon perfons of meaner dig- nity for like occalion. Contrariwife , the Canton ( being received at the Sovereigns hand ) may beleem the dignity of a Baron or Earl, as aforefaid. Having fpoken of the Canton and Quarter, as much as for this prefent is requifite , I will referve fome other their adjuncts to a more convenient place. And will how fpeak of a Pile, fhewing fome variable Examples of the divers bearing thereof. A Pile is an Ordinary confifiing of a two- fold Linc,formed after the manner of aWedge; that is to fay, broad at the upper end , and fo leffeningby degrees throughout with a come- ly narrownefs and Taper growth, meeting to- gether at the lower end in an acute Angle, as in this next Efcocheon appeareth. The Pile I take to be derived from Tilum, an ancient Weapon peculiar to the Romans , fhaped fomewhat like a Dart without Fea- thers, but thicker at the great end, and w'ax- Ing fmaller Taper-wife , being about five foot in length , and fharpned at the point with Steel : And fuch were the offenfive Arms of the Hiflati andTrincifes, zsTolybius of the Roman Militia affirmeth : And Generals them- felves have born them in their Marches , per- haps to encourage the Souldiers by their Ex- amples ; all which is proved by the excellent Lucan, lib. 1. who lamenting the mifery of a Civil War, thus complains : - ■ 1 Totk concuffi viribus or bis In commune nefas, infeflifque obvia fignis Signa, f tires aqmlm , fj TilaminantiaTilk, — — inhere arnfd to impious -war The force of all the quaking world from far Is met;dire Standards agamfi Standards dafb, Eagles 'gainfi Eagles, 'gainfi Tiles , Tiles da {clajh. And Lib. 7. -fceleris Jed crimine i vllo (atJum Externum maculent Chalybem, ftetit omne co- Ctrca Tila nefas. (Steel, But no dire crime tould [tain the Strangers Nought could do mifchief but the Roman Tile. Laftly, defcribingCrio's magnanimity in his rough March through Lybia , he thus fingeth, Lib. 9. Tpfe manu fua Tila gerens, &c. Thus Englifhed : Himfelf afoot before h~u wearied Bands Marches with Tile in hand, and not commands. He beareth Argent , a Pile, Gules.This Coat pertained to the right worthy and valiant Knight Sir John Chan- dos , Baron of St. Savi- ours , le V ifcount in France, great Senefchal of ToiBou High Con- ftableof Aq attain. All given him by King Edward the Third > who alfo made him one of the Founders of the molt Noble Order of the Garter. In all Fortifica- tions and Buildings, in cafe the ground be di- ftrufted to be unfure and deceivable , men are accuftomed to build upon Piles, and by them to force an infallible and permanent Founda- tion. He beareth Or,a Pile engrailed, Sable , by the Name of Waterhoufe ; and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Dr. Edward Waterhoufe, a great Lover of Anti- quities and Heraldry. He Chap. VI. A Difflay of Heraldry. 53 He beareth two Piles in point Diamond. This is the Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Gilbe ri Holies, Earl of Clare, Baron Haughton of Hai/ghtO)l,&iC. This Coat is alfo born by his Uncie,the Right Honourable Denzcl .Holies, Baron HoUes of Ificld , and one of the Lords of his MajelUes moft Honourable Privy Council, Sec. whole only Son and Heir appa- rent is Sir Francis Holies of IVmterborn St. Martyu in SorJW^j/Vf, Baronet, who hath Iifue jlow living T)enzel Holles,&c. The Field is Or,three Piles, meeting near in the Bafe of the Efco- cheOn , Azure. This Coat was born by Sir (fUji Bryan Knight, one of the Noble Knights of the moft Honoura- ble Order of the Gar- ter, in the time of King Edward the Third : And he was alfo a chief mean unto the faid King for obtaining theChar- ter of Priviledge and Freedom of his Majeflies Foreft of 'Dean , in the County of Glocefler , for the benefit of the Inhabitants of the fame Foreft. Sometimes you iliall find this Ordinary born tranfpofed or reverfed , contrary to the ufual form of their bearing, viz. with their points upward , which naturally ought to be down- wards, being fuppofed to be a piece of Timber, whofe neither part is fharpned , to the end it maybe more commodiouily driven into the ground ; as in Example. He beareth Argent, three Piles, one iiiuing out of the Chief be- tween the two others tranfpofed or reverfed , Sable, by the Name of Hulfe : And is the Coat- Armour of John Howes alias Hulfe, of Newbury ,.„,.„. T a. in Bert fare, Efqjone of Ins Majefties Juftices of the Peace and Qiiorum in the faid County ; whofe eldeft Daughter Bridget is now wife tojames George* of 'Loud Gent Nephew to John Georges of Bawntou in Ghcefterfiire, Efquire. This Coat is alfo bom by Richard Hulfe of B ether den in Kent Elquire. ' The Pile is an ancient Addition to Armory, and is a thing that maketh all Foundations to be firm and perfedr,efpecially in Water-works. When there is but one Pile in the Field, it muft contain the third part of the fame at the Chief. This Ordinary is diverfiy formed and born , as in thefe next Efcoch'eons appear.. eth. He beareth Argent, a Triple Pile,Flory on the tops, i (filing out of the Sinifter Bafe, in Bend, towards the Dexter corner, Sable. This fort of bearing of the Pile, hath a refemblance of fo many Piles driven in- to fome Water-work, and by long trad of time, incorporated at their heads , by reafon of an extraordinary weight impofed upon them, which gav e impediment of their growth in height, af'o lo. aniJliL'ic/i'viEnibiO ni «i surikll A He beareth Argent, a Pile in Bend, iiiuing out of the Dexter corner of the Efcocheon , Sable Xotifed , Engrailed , Gules. I have made fpecial choice of this Coat-Armour (out of the Glory of Generali- ty^) as well for the rarenefs thereof, as for that I find the fame there commended for fair Armory, and good in regard of the variety thereof, for Blazoners to look upon. He beareth Azure, a Pile waved, iiiuing out of the Dexter corner cf the Efcocheon, Bend- ways, Or, by the name of Aldam. As this Pile waved iffueth out of the Dexter, fo alfo may the fame be bora from the Sinifter chief point. Moreover you (hall find them born in Pale , and fometimes iiiuing out of the Bafe with the point thereof tranfpofed, which I leave to ob- lervation. Now the bearing of Waves , or of things waved, may well ht thofe that are tried in the furnace of Afflictions, which are the Badges and Teftimoniesof our election in Chrift, who fufFered for us ; the Juft for the Unjuft.to bring us unto God. Therefore we (liould bear our Afflictions gladly , forafmuch as if we fnffer with ChriJl,weJ)}allalfo be glorified with him„ For fo doth the Apofrle admoniihus, faying , That nomanjhould be moved with thefe affli- Bions , for ye your felves blow that we are appointed thereunto, iTheff.^.^. And again, Thou therefore fufer afftiBion as a good Soul- dier of Cbrift, iTim. ±. j, So 54 A Difpky of Heraldry. Seft.II. So much of Piles;, and their variety ,as well of Form as of Location. There reft yet fome other forts of Ordinaries , that are compofed of a two-fold Line, not hitherto fpoken of rFlafque. Such are thefe,w'a. < Flanch (.Voider. In fome mens conceit perhaps thefe Ordina- ries laft mentioned might have been more fitly placed amongft fuch as are before handled , and are compofed of afingle Line ( of which number thefe may be well reckoned, if we con- fider them each one apart by themfelves :) but forafmuch as none of them are born fingle, but always by couples ; for conveniency I have chofen rather to fort them with thefe that are formed of a twofold Line : and firft of a Flafque. A Flafque is an Ordinary confifting of one Arch-line, drawn fomewhat diftant trom the corners of the Chief, and meanly fwelling by- degrees until you come towards the midlt of the Efcocheon, and from thence again decrea- fmg with a like comly defcent unto the Sinifter bale points ; as in Example. The Field is Or j two Flafques, Azure. This Reward (faith Leigh") is to be given by a King for Vertue and Learn- ing, and efpecially for Service in Ambaflage : for therein may a Gen- tleman deferve as well of his Sovereign, as the Knight that ferVeth him in the Field. This is called an Arch-line j of the Latin word Anus, that fignifieth a Bow , which being bent, hath a moderate bowing, void of excels of tubero- fity. This word Flafque is derived either from the French word Flejcbier, or from the Latin word Fieilo, which fignifieth to bend or bow. The next in Order is the Flanch, which is an Ordinary formed of an Arch-line, taking its beginning from the corner of the Chief, and from thence compaffing orderly with a fwel- ling embofsment , until it come near to the Nombril of the Efcocheon , and thence pro- portionably declining to the Sinifter bafe point, as in this next Efcocheon. He beareth Ermyn, two Flanches , Vert. This ( faith Leigh ) is one degree under the forefaid Flafque , yet it is commendable Ar- mory. This word Flanch ( as fome do hold ) is derived from the French word Flans , which fignifieth the flank of a man or beaft , that includeth the fmall Guts, bccaufe that part ftrutteth out, cum tumore quodam , as it were a blown Blad- der. Sometimes you may find this Ordinary made of fome other forms of Lines than plain, which when it iliall happen, you muft in the Blazon thereof make ipecial mention of the form of Line whereof it is compofed. 14ft of all in our Ordinaries , cometh the Voider , confiding of one Arch-line moderate- ly bowing from the corner of the Chief by de- grees towards the Nombril of the Efcocheon , and from thence in like fort declining , until it come unto the Sinifter bafe , and hath a more near refemblance of the bent of a Bow than the Flanch hath, in that it rifeth not with fo deep a compafs ; as in Example. He beareth Tenn,two Voiders, Or. This is the Reward of a Gentlewo- man for Service by her done to the Prince ; but then the Voider ihould be of one of the nine Furs or Doublings. Such Reward ( faith Leigh ~) might the Dutchefs of Montfort have given to her Gentlewoman, who ferved her moft diligently, not only while lhe kept the Town of Hanyiot, but alfb when Ihe rode armed into the Field, and feared the Frenchmen from the fiege thereof. Thefe are called Voiders, either becaufe of the ftal- lownefs wherein they do refemble the accu- ftomed voiding Plates with narrow brims ufed at Tables ; Or elfe of the French word Voire, which fignifieth a Looking-glafs or Mirrour , ( which in ancient times were commonly made in that bulging form ) efpecially confidering they are given to Gentlewomen in recompence of Service, unto whom fuch Gifts are accep- table ; and withal implying, that Gentlewo- men fo well cleferving , ihould be mirrors and patterns to Others of their Sex , wherein to be- hold both their duties , and the due reward of Vertues. His courifcl was fo very behoveful , who advifed all Gentlewomen often to look on dalles , that fo , if they faw themfelves beautiful, they might be ftirred up to make their Minds as fair by Vertue as their Faces were by Nature : but if deformed, they might make amends for their outward deformity, with their intern pulchritude and gracious qua- lities. And thofe that are proud ot their Beau- ty, Ihould corifider , that their own hue is as brittle as the Glafs wherein they fee it ; and that they carry on their ihoulders nothing but a Skull wrapt in skin , which one day will be loathfome to be looked on. CHAP. Chap VII. A Difplay of Heraldry. 55 chap. vir. HAving fttewed the manner and making of fuch Ordinaries as are compofed of a twofold Line ; we will now proceed . to that other Member of the Diftribution be- fore delivered, which maketh mention of Or- dinaries confifting of Lines more than twofold; and will Ihew how they alfo are made. Such Ordinaries do confift of Lines. CThreefoId. ^Fourfold. - Thofe that are formed of a threefold Line are the Inefcocheon and the Orle. The inefcocheon is an Ordinary formed of a threefold Line, reprefenting the fhape of the Efcocheon ; as in Example. ♦ a '$ a i a# He beareth Ermyn, an Inefcocheon, Gules, by the Name of Hul- greve : This name of Inefcocheon is proper only to thofe that are born in this place ; for if the fame were born in any other place , than upon the F'efs point of the Shield , you fhould term the fame then an Efcocheon, and not an Inefcocheon • fo.muft you alfo, if there be more than one in the Field. This Efcocheon is fometimes termed in Efcoclieon of Pretence.as ihall appear here- jfter. This Ordinary -contained! the fifth part the Field (faith Leigh, but his demonstra- tion denoteth the third part) and may not be iimimflied ; and albeit it be fubjed to fome al- teration by reafon of the different forms of Lines before fpecified, yet itkeepeth ftill one etform ol an Efcocheon , as we fhall fee bv md by. J The next in rank of this kind is the Orle which is an Ordinary compofed of a threefold ^ne duphcated.admitting a tranfparency of the Meld, throughout the innermoft Area or fpace :herem mdoled. This hath the form of an Inefcocheon, but hath not the folid fubftance :hereof, being evermore voided, as in thefe ollowmg Examples appeareth. He beareth Or, an Orle , Azure , by the Name of Bertram, Lord of Botha!. This word Orle feemeth to be derived from the French word Oreiller, which fignifieth a Pil- low, and is attributed r , c to this Ordinary , be- auie the fame being of a different tincture from the Field, and formed only of a double tradf, m regzrd 0 f t i le tranfparency of the field within, and the furrounding thereof without , it receiveth the refemblance ot an emboiied Subftance , as if it were railed like a Pillow above the Field. Vfton termeth it in Latin Trafius, which fignirieth a Trace or Trad, becaufe the Field is feen both within and without it; and the Trail it fir is drawn thereupon in a different Colour. If this were flored ( faith Leigh} thenmuftitbe called a freflure, which muft contain the fifth part of the Field. And if two of thefe be in an Efco- cheon, you muft term them a double Treffure. ihaffanam faith, that the Orle is fometimes formed of many pieces, and that they are born to the number of Six. He beareth Argent, an Orle within a Bor- dure , Gules , by the Name of Rntland,and is born by the Rut- lauds of Saffron^w at- den in Effex , and of Micham in- Sitrrey ; of which Family fs' Mr. William Rutland of London. As touching the doubling of this plain Orle f wdl not here give Example, for that I pur! pole toprefenttoyour view a threefold Orle or Trad, which doth include the twofold as in this next Efcocheon appeareth. He beareth Or, an Orle of three pieces, Sable. That this Or- dinary is born of many Tracls , it appeareth by this Example,taken out of Vftov, for the Readers fatisfacLion ; where -it is faid, Sunt .„ _ rt , "ijitfer alii qui habent ijtum TraOum triflicatum ® quadruplicdlum tit mifer in arrrm Epifcop Ctenomanenfis '■' qui portavit fro Armis unum Traffum triplica- tum de Jiigro, in eampo aureu j Some bear the Orle tripled and quadrupled, as the late Bifhop of Maine , who bare a tripled Orle, Sable, in a Field, Or. This Ordinary is born diverfly according to the feveral forms of Lines be- fore handled, as may appear in the Examples enfuing. 56' A Difflay of Heraldry. Seft.II. Bug 1 Hp beareth Argent, an Orlo Engrailed on the inner fide, Gules. I found this form of bearing obferved by an uncertain Author , \^U>y/ ) whom at firft I fuppo- ^n£/ J fed to have either un- skilfully taken, or neg- ligently miftaken the trick thereof ; but after I had found in Upton, that in Blazoning of an Orle Engrailed, he Bla- zoned the fame , An Orle engrailed on both fides, I took more fpecial notice of this kind of bearing , for that fuch a form of Blazon ( proceeding from a man fo judicious in this kind) feemed covertly to imply a diftinclion of that from this form of bearing. And be- caufe diverfajuxtafe appofita magit elucefcnnt, things differing give light each to other, I will here produce the Coat it felf, and the Blazon thereof , as I find it fetdownby Upton. II port ( faith he ) de Gules uu trace cn- grailee 7 Ae chafcut: coft d'Or. And in Latin thus : Qui habet ifta Anna , port at unum \ / tratlum ex utraqne ^>Y*P J parte ingradatum, de ^^^^^r Auro in campo rubro. He beareth an Orle en- grailed on both fides, Or , in a Field, Gules. And no doubt by heedful obfervation you may find thefeOrles in like fort born Invecked, Si- milium enim fimilti eft ratio; for like things have the likereafon and refped . Note, that di- vers Charges, as well Artificial as Natural, are born Orl-wa) s, or in Orle; as likewife inform of Crofs, Bend, Chevron, Saltire, &c. the Ex. amples whereof I rauft pafs over , until a fit place be offered to handle Charges of thofe kinds. Concerning the bearing or Orles,com- pofed of the fundry forts of Furs, I hold it needlefs to ufe Examples to exprefs them to the view, for that by confideration of the ma- nifold forts of feveral Ordinaries before expref- fed, their diverfe manner of bearing may be eafily conceived : and therefore I will leave them to obfervation. Hitherto have we confidered the making of fuch Ordinaries as are compofed of a threefold Line : Our Order calleth me now to -fpeak of fuch Ordinaries as do require a fourfold Line for the effecting of them. O r '.is fort is the C Crofs. Saltire. The Crofs is an Ordinary compofed of a four-fold Line, whereof two are Perpendicu- lar , and the other two are tranfverfe, for fo we mull conceive of them , though they are not drawn throughout , but meet by couples in four acute Angles near about the Fefs point of the Efcocheon ; to look upon (if they were couped, as they are fometimes found) like to four Carpenters fquares ; as the Example fol- lowing will demonftrate. This Ordinary is called Crux, a cruciando, or d cruciatu , be- caufe of the unfpeakable torture and torment which they do fuffer , who undergo this kind of death. The Content of the Crofs is not the fame always : for when it is not charged > then it hath only the fifth part of the Field; but if it be charged, then mult it contain the third part thereof. To give you particular Exam- ples of all the different forms of bearing of the Crofs, were as needlefs as endlefs, conlidering the variety fet down by other Authors : I will therefore content my felf with thefe en- fuing. He beareth Argent, 3 Crofs , Sable , by the Name of Raynsford , and is the Paternal Coat- Armour of Sir Richard Raynsford oiDallington in NorthamptouJhire,Kt. Lord Chief Juftice of his Majefties Court of Kings Bench. This Coat was alfo born by Henry Rayns- ford of Stanmore magna in Middlefex, B. D. deceafed. Argent, a Crofs, Vert,by the Name of Hnf- fey ; and with the Arms of Ulfter,\s the Coat- Armour of Sir Thomas Huffey of Hemington irr Lincoli/JIjire, Baronet. Azure,a Crofs, Or : This Coat-Armour per- tained to the right worftiipful Family of Shel- ton , in the County of Norfolk , whence de- fended that honourable vertuous Lady , Ma- ry She It on, who was many years of the molt honourable Bedchamber of that glorious Queen Elizabeth ; and was alfo wife to the right worfhipful Sir John Scudamore of Home Lacy in the County of Hereford , Knight, Standard- bearer to her Majelties Honourable Band of Gentlemen Penfioners. This Ordinary is often- times diverily named, according to the diverfi- ty of Lines whereof it is compofed : For as it is the form of Lines whereof it is made , fo is the Denomination thereof. In the ancientelt Inftitution of the bearing of the Crofs ( with- out all controverfie) it had this form ; which is taken to be the true lhape of the Crofs whereupon our blefled Saviour Chrift Jefus fuf- fered : whofe godly obfervation and ufe was in great efteem in the Primitive Church ; though in latter times it hath been dilhonourably en- tertained by two oppofed kinds of Fantafticks : the one, who fo fuperftitioufly dote on it, that they adore it like their God : the other, who fo Chap.VIL A Difplay of Heraldry. unchriftianly deteft it , that they /lander the moft godly and ancient ufe thereof, in our firft initiating unto Chrift , as if it were fome de- vilifh Idol. But the true Souldiersof fuch a Captain need not to be aihamed to bear their Generals Enfign. And this bearing was firft beftowed on fuch as had performed , or at leaft undertaken fome Service for Chrift and Chri- flian Profeffion : and therefore being duly con- ferred , I hold it the moft honourable Charge to be.found in Heraldry. But the form and bearing hereof ( as well as the Chevrons for- merly fpoken of) hath been alfo depraved through the inconfiderate handling of common Painters For which caufe I have caufed this precedent Crofs only to be cut after this falhi- }n, in the reft I have enfued the vulgar man- ner bearing of now ufed , chosfmg rather to fway with the multitude in matters of fmall importance, than that Iwouldfeem to afFedf I know not what fmgularity ; Nemo enim er- rantem arguit , qui cum mulch errat. This manner bearing of the patible Crofs is war- ranted by Rolls of greateft Antiquity, and it is molt confonant to Reafon, that the Item there- of iliould be much longer than the crofs part, by how much it was rcquifite that the fame was to be deeply fixed in the Ground : So then if we mail compare this ancient bearing with that of modern times, we (ball find this to be natural, and that adulterate. Croffes do receive manifold varieties of De- nomination, according to the multiplicity of their different fhapes, and variable properties of Lines whereof they are formed. The bearing of the Crofs, is the exprefs note or badge of a Chriflian that he bear the fame according to the prefcript, rule, and will of his Lord and Maftcr. For as Barth. faith, Ix- figma ad voluntatem Domini fm/t portauda, ta von alias. All Croffes may fignifie unto us Tribulations and AlHiilions, which ( how burthenfome fo- evcr they may feem to the flelh ) yet is there much comfort to be found in them , to thofe that make a right ufe of them, and do under- go the burthen of them chearfully,and without jecalcitration. For it is the property of world- lings that have been dandled ( as I may fay ) in Fortunes lap, and pampered with worldly delights to forget both God and themfelves , and in their fulnefs to fpurn and kick up the heel, according to that faying of Mofes in his Song that he made a little before his death ; But he that Jljould have been upright, "when he waxed fat, fpurned with his heel: He was fat, hewasgrofs, he was laden with fatnefs, therefore he forfook God that made him; and regarded not the flrong God of his Salvation, Ztewf.p.iy. Since then our Lord and Mailer (for our fakes) did willingly take upon him this grie- vous, and almoftunfupportable Burthen, why Ihould we then, that would be counted his pro- 57 fefled Souldiers and Servants llirink thereat; efpecially fmce by the Difcipline of the Crois j we are brought to the true knowledge of God,' hisOmnipotency, Wifdom , Juftice, Mercy', and all other his Divine Attributes, and of our own miferable and damnable Eftate , through our adherent and inherent corruption of fins, as well AcTual, as Original. A like form of bearing of this, is that Crofs which we find born in the Shield of St. George, but diverfly from this, both in Metal and Co- lour : which of fome Armorifts of ZJftons time (as himfelf noteth in his Difcourfe of Arms) received in thofe days a very ftranpe and abfurd kind of Blazon, which he there fet- teth down after this manner ; the Shield,Gules, four Quarters, Argent : whofe reafon herein (faith he) I do not allow, for that by fuch manner of Blazon, the bearing of a plain Crofs fliall never be known. Moreover, herein alfo may we obfefve the Blazon hereof to be er- roneous , in that they fay , Four Quarters : which are indeed but fo many Cantons ; elfe mould they all four meet in the Center of the Efcocheon. This Ordinary is fubjedt to voiding and couping, as thefe Examples fol- lowing lliew. 'M W I He beareth Argent, a Crofs voided, Azure. j J Tanormitan writeth of * ' 1 1 '"' Alphonfus King of A- * I I rahk (what time he befieged Tuteoli, a Ci- V y ty by the Sea fide in X. i Campania') that refort- ^HJj^ ing daily to the Sea- llioar for bisRecreation, upon a time he chanced to find the Corps of a man of Genoua in Italy , that had been call: out of a Galley; and thereupon alighting fpee- dily from his Horfe, caufed all others that were near him to light ; and commanded fome to dig a Grave, wlulft others covered the naked Corps : and he himfelf with his own hands did make a Crofs of Wood , which he fticked faft at the head of the man fo interred ; to te- ftifie that all Chriflian Offices may befcem the greateft Kings ; and that whatever death we die, it is not material , fo we live to Chrift. So great is the refemblance oftentimes of things born in Coat-Armour , which yet in their Ex- iftence are much differing, that a man well feen in Heraldry, may eafily commit an error in the Bfazoning of them, as by comparing of this Coat-Armour with the next will manifeftly ap- pear : wherefore you muft ufe an advifed de- liberation in Blazoning, efpecially of Arms of near refemblance. 58 A Difttay of Heraldry. Seft.ll. He beareth Or, a Crofs Patce,Sable, Fim- briated , Gules. The reafon wherefore this Crofs is called Patee, I will prefently fliewyou when I come to fpcak of the Shield of Cad- wallader. This ap- proacheth near to the former in refpecT: of the double trad thereof; yet doth it much differ from the fame in fub- ftance, forafmuch as the Charge of that is a twofold Crofs, viz. one furmounted of ano- ther j and this a fingle Crofs bordured or invi- roned with a hem or edge. Moreover , That this is not a Crofs of Gules, furmounted of a- nother, Sable , it is clear, becaufe the edge that goeth about this Crofs is much narrower than is the fpace between thofe two Croifes. Belides, it cannot ftand with the Rules of good Armory, to bear colour upon colour , or metal upon metal. This is called' a Crofs Fimbria- ted, of the Latin word Fimbria, which fignt fieth an edge, welt, or hem for a Garment , and is to be underftood to be of the fame thicknefs with it , and not to lie either upon or derneath. He beareth Ermyn, a Crofs engrailed , Gules, by the Name of Norwood, and is born by Henry Norwood of Tulfeyya G/oceflerf/jire, Efq; one of the Ef- quires of his Majefties Body , and Deputy- Governour of Tangier : And by Francis Norwood of Lackington in the faid County, Efquire. As this Crofs is formed of bunched Lines, fo are there others that are compofed of fundry other forts of Lines before (hewed , as experi- ence will inform you, and as you may in part fee by the Example following. He beareth Argent, a Crofs wavy, voided, Sable, by the Name of Dtickenfeld in Devon- jinire. In Coats of fuch bearing, you fliall not need to fay in the Blazon of them , that the Charge ( whatfoe- ver the fame be} is voided of the Field; becaufe when you fay on- ly Voided, and no more , it is always under- ftood to be voided of the Field. Of all other forts of Croifes, the Crofs wa- ved is a more fpecial note of Tribulation , in regard it reprefenteth the turbulent Waves or i f ■ i.i'4 '■ .: T .-. ■ ^ ;u foi $7 Surges of the Seas, occafioned by fome turbu- lent guft or flaw of toyftrous winds or florins, caufing a fuccefs of furging Billows ; notifying unto us confequent Afflictions and Troubles following immediately one upon anothers neck, which the Children of God muft fuftain with a conftant refolution , following therein the inflrucftion of Ecclefia/tifus z. i . My Son, if thou wilt come into the fervice of God, ftand f aft in rightecufnejs and fear , and p re- fare thy Soul unto temftation. And again , Settle thy heart and be patient , bow down thine ear , and receive the words of under- (landing , and Jhrink not away when thou art ajfailed , but wait uf on God patiently : Joyn thy felf unto him , and depart not away, that thou mayeji be increafed at thy lap end; Verf. j. He beareth Argent, a Crofs Patonce, void- ed, Gules, by the name of Pilkitigton , a Knightly Family of great Antiquity , and very numerous, taking Name from l Pi I king- ton in Lancajhire. 'Tis reported , according to Fullers Worthies,p.no that the chief of the Family being fought for foon after the Conqueft, was forced to obfeure himfelf under the Habit of a Threfher Q o- thers a Mower ) which occafioned the Motto, Now thus, now thus. Others think this to have hapned in the Wars between Tork and Lane aft er , when Sir John Pilkitigton, to- gether with his Brothers Sir Robert of Ri- vington , and Sir Thomas of Stanley , with their Father Sir Robert , had their Lands ta- ken from them ; and Sir John was bound by Indenture not to take up Arms againft the King. Geffery Tilkington , Grandion of this Sir John, married the Daughter and Heir of Sallow of Stanton in Derbypire , whofe Po- fterity continues there to this day. He beareth Sable, a Crofs engrailed , Or, in the firft quarter a Mul- let, Argent, by the Name of Peyton. This with the Arms of ZJl- fter, is the bearing of Sir Thomas 'Peyton of Knoltou in Kent , Ba- ronet: And without the faid Augmentation of the Hand, is born by Sir Robert Peyton of Lincolus-Jnn-fields in Mid- ' dlefex, Knight. Azure, Chap. VII. A Biff lay of Heraldry. 59 Azure, a Crofs Ave- lane, Or. Gules, a Crofs Rtrrf beaux, Argent, is born by the Name of Rn- detzker. Per Pale , Or and Vert, a Crofs Furche , Gules , is born by Sir John Hingham. He beareth Vert, a Crofs Croflet, Or, by the Name of Berry , and is born by Mr. Samuel Ber- ry, Citizen of London. He beareth Argent, a Crofs Botone, Sable, by the Name of Win- wood, and is the Pater- nal Coat-Armour of Richard Win'wood of Ditton Tark 8c Quoin* ton in Buckingham/litre, Efq; Son and Heir of the Right Honourable Sir RalphWinwood Knight, Embafladour Leiger to the States of the Uni- ted Provinces, and Principal Secretary of State toKingjfowzw, . He beareth Argent, a Crofs Potence , Sable, charged with rive Mul- lets pierced, Or, by the Name of Rigby , and is the Coat-Armour of Edward Rigby of Tre- fton in Lancajhire , Ser- jeant at Law. He beareth Or , a Crofs flory,SabIe, by the Name oi Lamplngh, and is the Paternal Coat- Armour of John Lamp- lugh of Lamp 1 ugh in Cumber Land , Efq; de- fended from that anci- ent Family of the Ijamp- lughs , he being the Three and twentieth in defcent, of which there have been Nine Knights ; one of which was Sir Robert Lamp- lngh, who lived in the R.eigns of Henry the Second, and Richard the Firft. The bearer hereof ( who is now living ) was Colonel of a Foot Regiment in the Service of his late Ma- jefty King Charles the Firft, in the Army com- manded by his Highnefs Prince Rupert , and was in a&ual Service under the fame Com- mand at the Battel at Marjlon-moor in lori- flnre. Anno 1644. and was in feveral other Services for his faid Majefty. Parted per Saltier, Of and Argent,a Crofs for- my, Azure. This Coat was born by Hugh Tud- fay Bilhop oiTlurham , who bought of King Richard the Firft the Earldom of Northum- berland, and was af- terwards by the faid King created Earl thereof; who told him, That of an Old BiJIsop he had made a fount* Earl. He beareth Or , a Crofs Patee fitched in the foot , Gules. This Coat was born by Gal- fride de Scudamore that lived in the time of King Henry the Se^ cond. It is termed Fitched of the Latin word Figo, which fig- nifieth to fallen or make fore , becaufc by the means ol the iharpnefs added to the foot there- of, it becometh more apt to be faftned any K i where A Diftlay of Heraldry. 60 w here. There is another fort of fitching of Crolfes that have the whole fourth part hge- tive, as in this next Efcocheon. The Field is Jupi- ter, a Crofs Paree on three parts,and fitched on the fourthjSol. This ( faith Gerard Leigh) was the Shield of blef- fed CadwaMader, laft King of the Britains , who Hew Lothaire King of Kent, and E- thelwold King of South-Saxons. I confefs in terming this kind of Crofs , a Crofs Patee, I differ from Leigh, who calleth it Formy : But Chaffanteus Blazons it Patee , and giveth this reafon thereof, Quia extremitates ejus fulit pa- tnlic , becaufe its ends are broad and opened , Chaff, fol. 28. Bar a is of the fame Opinion , Bar ale blazon des Arm. 67. and with thefe agree many of our Blazoners. He bearcth Sable , a Crofs Potent, Or, by the Name of Alien , and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Thomas Allen of Finch- ley in Middlesex ; and of Sir Thomas Allen of the City of London, Al- derman , Knight and Baronet. Sed. II. the firft Section ,pa The Field is Jupiter, I . _J a Crofs Potent fitched , nil n SoL This ki " cl ot ' Cmfs was born by Etheldred King of the IFefl-Sax- ous , who lived Anna Salntk, 946. 5 Wnati a Potent is , I have formerly fiiewed in 16. It may alfo be Bla- zoned a Crofs crowchee, for the refemWance that it hath of a Crutch , which Chaucer cal- leth a Potent, which is properly figetive : For were it that the overthwart or crofs part here- of fhould be exempted, then would the middle part fliew it felf to be a perfect Crutch , ufed ibr the ftay and fuftentation of feeble and aged perfons. "Like as old Age is a bleffing of God, fo contrariwife it is a Token of his heavy dif- pleafure, to be cut off before a man fhall at- tain thereto : As appeareth by that faying of God unto Eli the Prieft , Behold, the days come that I will cut of thine Arm , and the Arm of thy Fathers Houfe, that there Jhall not be an old man in thine houfe, iSaxn.2.51. And again, And there Jljall not be an old man in thy houfe for ever, Verfe 32.. And further, And all the multitude of thine houfe fljall dye when they be men, Verfe 3 3 . Moreover, it is faid in the Prophet Zachary on the contrary part ; Thus faith the Lord of Hofts , There Jhall yet old men and old -women dwell in the Streets of Jerufalem ; and every man with his Staff in his hand for very Age : Whereby is meant, that God would prcferve them in life , fo" long as Nature might fuftain them. The Field is Jupiter, a Crofs Patonce, SoL You may read in Leigh his Accidence of Armo- ry, pag.y). that King Egbert did bear in Bat- tel a Crofs of this form or fafhion in his left hand, and in his Azure coloured Banner like- wife. Here you may obferve how this Crofs Patonce differeth from the Crofs Patee ( de- monftrated before in the Shield of Cadwalla- der) and alfo from the Crofs floury or fleurtee, which I fhall prefently fliew you in Ten- thars Coat-Armour. Whereas I have formerly made mention of Voiding, in the Chapter of Bends, and of one other Accident,namely Couping.in the Chap- ter of Feffes, I will now exprefs them both in one Example in this Efcocheon following. He beareth Argent,a Crofs voided and coup- ed, Sable, by the Name of Woodnoth. There is another' Accident whereiinto this Ordinary is fubjecl, that is to fay, Piercing. Piercing is a penetration or perforation of things that are of folid fubftance. And it is threefold : ( Round. That is to fay, j Lofengways. CQuadrate. As touching Round piercing, you have an Example in this next following Efcocheon. He beareth Sable, a Crofs couped, pierced, Or, by the Name of Grill. If this Round in the midft were of a- ny other colour than of the Field, then fhould you account the fame to be a Charge to the Crofs ; wherefore good heed muft be taken in Blazoning of Coats of this Chap. VII. A Difplay of Hetaklry, 61 tills kind, and chiefly of the Orbicular form in the midft of the Charge ; to the end that you may know when to take the fame for a pierce- ing, and when for a charge. The Field is Azure, a Crofs Moline pierced Lofen ge-ways,Or. This is the fecond form of piercing before-menti- oned ; and the Coat was born by Rich- ard de Molineux of Lancafler , that lived in the Reign of King Richard the Second. Concerning this Crofs Moline ( Leigh faith) that if it flood Saltire-ways, then fhould you call it Ferre de Moliu , that is to. fay, a Mill-rihd, or the Ink of a Mill : which to me feemeth a very Paradox , that tranfpofition ( being a thing meerly accidental) mould give a new denomination to the thing tranfpol'ed , and confequently alter the effence thereof: Quia novum nomeu dat novum ejfe rei ; where are new names, new things are fuppofed to be. It were a thing worthy of admiration , that Accidents fhould have fuch power in them : For Ariftotle, Thyficorum i . faith, Accidentia foffunt miraculofe, tS non alias mutare fubje- £1 urn; Accidents change not their Subject but by Miracle. Addition doubtlefs and Subtraction, are of greater force than Tranfmutation or Location ; yet is there no fuch power in them as that they can alter the effence of any thing : Quia augmentum vel diminutio ( faith Chaffa- naus ) circa accidentia contraltuum , non re- sonant contrailum ifi d'iverfo effe, neque per ea intelli^itur ab eo in fubjiantialiius recejfus : the adding or diminifhing of Accidents makes not the thing lofe the nature of his being. He beareth Azure, a Crofs Moline, Quarter pierced, Or.. This Coat was born by Thomas Molineux of Haughton in the County of Not- tingham , that lived in the time of King Henry the Fourth. This Coat, with the Ar ms of Vl(ter, is born by Sir John Molineux of Teverjalm NottinghamJbire,Kzronet : and with the Arms of Vljterjtiiih a due difference is born by Darcy Molineux of Mansfield in the faid County, Efq; Nephew to the faid Sir John, Leigh in Blazoning of this form of Crofs , maketh no mention at all of the piercin" th . ereof > perhaps becaufeit refembleth the Ink of a Mill, which is evermore pierced. This is termed Quarter pierced, quail Quadrate pierced, for that the piercing is fquare as a frencher. t| .riJLa. rard Gore, fometime the City of London. He beareth Gules, a Fefs between three crofs Crollets fitchee , Or, by the Name of Gore , of which Fami- ly are two Sir John Gores of Hertf irdflnre, Sir William . Gore of Ireland Baronet, Wil- liam Gore of Moreden in Surrey Efq; and Ge- fince chofen Alderman of He beareth Azurej a Fefs Dauncett Er~ myn between 6 crofs Crofjets,. Argent, by the Name oiBarna- diflc?:. This, with the Arms oiJJlfter, is the Coat-Armour of Sir Thomas Bar- vadifton of Keddtng- ton or Kenton in Suf- foli, Baronet : and of Sir Samuel Barnadiflon of Brightwell-hall in the faid County alfo, Bar onet. He beareth Argent, a Fefs between fix crofs Crollets fitchee, Gules, by the name of Craven : and with the Arms of Ulfier, is the Paternal Coat- Armour of Sir Anthony Cra- ven of Sparfholt in Berlfhire, Knight and Baronet, of the Name and Family of the Right Honourable William Earl of Craven &c. ' Ruby, on a Bend between fix crofs Crof- lets fitchee, Pearl; an Efcocheon Topaz , thereon a demy . Lyon pierced through the mouth with an Arrow, within a deuble Tref- fure , counter^floured of the firft ; and, is th,e Paternal Coat of the Right Noble and. Ancient Family . of the Howards, which now flouriftieth in the Per- fbnsof his Grace Thomas Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Arundel, Surrey, and Norfolk, Baron' Howard, Fitz-Allen, Mafavers^Mawbrey Segrave, Bruce, dun, and OJzvaldftre: The Right 62 A Difplay of Heraldry. Sed.IL Right Honourable Charles Earl of Notting- ham , Baron Howard of Effingham : The Right Honourable Francis Earl of Suffolk , Baron HowardtH Walden, Lord Lieutenant of the Counties of Cambridge and Suffolk , and Gentleman of his Majefties Bedchamber : The Right Honourable Charles Earl of Berkjhire, Viicount Andover , and Baron Howard of Charlton: The Right Honourable Charles Earl of Car 11 fie , Vifcount Howard of Mor- peth, Baron T>acres of Gifland, Lord Lieute- nant of the Counties of Cumberland and ??'>/?- mor eland; Vice- Admiral of the Coaftsof Nor- thumberland , Cumberland, Wcjlmoreland , Durham, and Maritim Parts there adjacent , and one of his Majefties molt Honourable Pri- vy Council. The Right Honourable Henry Earl of Norwich, and Earl Marfhal of Eng- land , Baron Howard of Cajile-Rifiig, and Heir apparent to his Brother Thomas Duke of Norf olk : The Right Honourable William Lord Vifcount Stafford; and the Right Ho- nourable Edward Lord Howard of Efcrick. And from thefe , and their Anceftors Loins , have iffued forth divers worthy Gentlemen, as Stems to fupport the Dignity of the faid Fa- mily. The Augmentation born on the Bend was granted unto the Right Noble Thomas Duke of Norfolk, and to his Defendants, by King Henry the Eighth, for his fignal Service as Ge- neral' of the Army which gave that remarkable overthrow at Floding to King "James the Fourth of Scot lain/; which faid Duke was by King Henry the Seventh created Knight of the Garter,and made Lord High Treafurer of Eng- land. He beareth Azure, Crufuly a crofs Moline voided throughout, Or, by the Name of Knowles. He beareth Ruby, a Chevron between ten Croffes Formee, Pearl, by the Name of Berk- ley , and is the Pater- nal Coat-Arrhojif' of the Right Honourable George Lord Berkley of Berkley in Glocc- jlerfiire, defended in a directMale Line from Robert Fitz-Hardmg, a fecond Son of the Blood Royal of Denmark; a great promoter and encourager of Traffick for the publick good of theNatio»,and is at prefent Governour of the Turkey Company , and a principal Member of the Eaft-lndia, Royal, and other Incorporated Companies of Mer- chants. He beareth Or , on a Chevron, Gules , three Croffes Formee of the Field , by the Name of Teck, and is the Pater- nal Coat-Armour of William Teck of Sam- ford-hill in the County of Ejfex , Efq; Son and Heir of that Eminent Lawyer Edward Teck of the faid place, Ser- jeant at Law to his Majefty King Charles the Second; by Grace, Daughter and Coheir of William Green of Eaft Barnef in Hartford- fljire, Efquire. He beareth Gules i on a Bend , Argent , 3 Croffes Patee, Sable, by the Name of i?f- versby. This, with the Arms of TJlfter, is the Coat-Armour of Sir John Reversby of Thribergh in Tork- Jljire Baronet , whofe Anceftors have been feated there, and there adjacent, before, and ever fince the Reign of William the Con- querour , as by Records may appear. This without the Arms of ZJlfter , is the Coat of Sir Tamworth Reversby of in Hantjhire, Knight. He beareth Or, a Chevron between j Croffes flory , Sable , by the Name of Sterne , and is the Pa- ternal Coat-Armour of Richard Sterne of Kilvington in Tork- fliire , Efquireyf Son and Heir to the molt Reverend Father irt God Richard Sterne , Lord ArchbiJhop of Fork , Primate , and Metropolitan of Eng- land, defended from a Family of that Name in Nottinghamshire. He Chap. VII. A Difplay of Heraldry. 6* He beareth Gules, a Chevron between three Crolfes Botonee, Or, by the Name of Rich, and is born by Sir Edwin Rich of Mulberton in Norfolk, Knight : and by Captain 'Refer Rich of Lambeth in Surrey , Efq; Son of Rich of Horuden in He beareth Argent, a Crofs, Sable, aTref- fure of half F'lower de Lis between four Mul- lets pierced of the fe- cond, by the Name of Atkyns , and is the Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Sir Robert Atkyns of Tot- teridge in Harlford- Jlnre, and of Sapper ton mGlocefterflnre,\{mg\\ to {thcBath,ind one of his Majefties Jullices of the Court of Common* Fleas; whofe Great-grandfather, Thomas Atkyns of Tuffleigh in Glocefter/bire , Efq; Was twice Reader of Liucolns-lmi; firit in the Two and thirtieth year of King Henry the Eighth; and fecondly in the Reign of King Edward the Sixth ; and whofe Grand- father, Richard -Atkyns Efq; was Reader of the faid Society in the Reign of Queen Eli- zabeth, and chief Juftice of North-Wales and one of the Council of the Marches of Hales; and whofe Father, Sir Edward At- kyns Knight , late deceafed , was likewife Reader ot the fame Society in the Reign of King ChaHes the Firft, and afterwards one of the Earons ot the Exchequer to his Majefty King Charles the Second: and the faid Sir Robert about Eleven years fince was likewife Reader of the fame Society ; whofe Son, Sir Robert Aiky ;is, was Knighted about Twelve years tince, whilft he was a Student in thp U- niverfity of Oxford, and is now living; fo that Grandfather, Father, and Son, were all li- ving together, and Knights at the fame time. So much of the Crofs, with the Accidents thereo : Now of that other Ordinary that is iramed alfo ot a fourfold Line, that is to fay, a salnre. ' ' A Saltire is an Ordinary confuting of a four- told Line whereof two are drawn from the Oexter chief towards the Siniflerbafe corners, ind the other from the Sinifter chief towards i vnT bafc P oints ' and do meet ab °ut . ie midlt by couples in acute Angles. I know :he Learned Geometer will fincT many more pieS here than! do mention : but (as I faid of Lines in the Crofs) this our defcripticn 3 greeth beft with Heralds , and our purpofe. He beareth Pearl , $ Saltier, Ruby. This is the Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Dig. h Lord Gerard, Baron oiGerards Bromley and Lord 'Button 1 And is alfo born by the Right Honourable Charles Lord Gerard, Barori of Brandon, one of the Gentlemen of his Ma jetties Bedchamber, &c. I bis Coat, with the Arms of Vlfler, is born by bit trancis Gerard of Harrow-hill in Mid- dlesex, Knight and Baronet. Azm *?'. a Saltier, Argent, is the Coat-Ap. mour ot Sir William Tori of Burton-Tedwar- dium Lincolnfljire, Knight. Sable a Saltier, Argent, is born by the name ot Ducket of Steeple-Morden in Cambridve- Jhire In old time ( faith Leigh), this was made of the height of a man, and was dri- V i e " f W „ Pms ' the ufe whereof was to fcate the Walls therewith, to which end, the Pins erved comniodioufly. In thofe days ( faith he) the Walls of a Town were but low , as appeared! by the Walls of Rome , which Rhe- mus ea&bf leaped over ; and the Walls fHWint chejter which were overlooked by Colebrand the Chieftain of the Danes, who was flainby Guy ' Earl o Warwick , who was Champiofi lor King Athelftane. He beareth Gules, Or, a Saltier , Argent, a Rofe of the firft , by the name of Nevil , and is the Coat-Armour of Colonel Richard Nevil of Billingbe are in Berkflnre Elquire, defcended from the an- cient and honourable Family of the Ncvils Earls of IFeftmoreland, feveral of which were Knights of the Gari ter. He beareth Emerald, a Saltier engrailed , Pearl. This is the Paternal Coat-Armour of the Right Honoura- ble FrdntK Lord Haw* ley of Buckland in So* mcrfetjljife , one of the Gentlemen Of the Bed- chamber to his Royal Highnefs James Duke of lork, AH 6\ A Difplay of Heraldry. Sett. H. Argent, a Saltier engrailed, Sable, by the Name of Middleton. This , with the Arms of Vlfier, is the Coat-Armour of Sir George Middleton of Leigbton near Warton in Lauca- Jljire, Baronet. He beareth Ermyn,a Saltier engrailed, Sable, by the Name of lugolds- iy, and is the Coat-Ar- mour of Sir Richard Jn- goldsLy of JValridge in Buckimhamjhire, Kt. of the Bath. He beareth Vert, a Saltier waved, Ermyn, by the Name of Wake- man , and is born by Wakeman of Beckford in Glocefter- jhire. He beareth Argent, a Saltier engrailed be- tween 4 Cinque-foils, by the Name of Na- pier ; and , with the Arms of Uljier, is the bearing of Sir John Napier of Lnton-Hov; in Bedfordjlnre , Baro- net : by Sir Nathaniel Napier of Middle Marfi-ball in Tlorfetfljire, Baronet : and by Robert Napier of Tuckual in TlorfetJIjire , Efquire. He beareth Or, on a Saltier trunked, Gules , five Croflets fitdiee of the firft,born by the Name of Rich of Sunning in Berkkire. He beareth per Pale, Argent and Vert, a Sal- tier counterchanged , a Canton Ermyn, by the Name of Hunt, and is the Coat-Armour of Richard Hunt of Ru/x- ford in Effex, Cent. He beareth Gyrony of Four , Argent and Gules, a Saltier, between as many Croflets, all counterchanged, by the Name of Twifden , and is the Coat-Armour of Roger Ttvifden of Brad- Lome in the Parilh of Eafi-Malling in Kent, Efq; eldeft Son of Sir Thomas Twifden of the faid place, Knight and Baronet, one of the Juftices of his Majefties Court of Kings-Bench ; a Perfon eminent and celebrated for his knowledge in the Laws, Son of Sir William Twifdeu , Knight and Baronet, by Anne Finch, Daughter of Elizabeth Coun- tefs of Winchelfey. He beareth Gules, a Saltire, Verrey, by the Name of Wilhngton. This Ordinary is limi- ted to the fifth part of the Field, the fame not being charged, but if it be charged, then lliall it contain the third part thereof. This charge alfo varieth his name in Blazon, accord- ing to the divers forms of Lines whereof the fame is compofed ; for that it is no lefs diverfly made in refpecl: of the lineaments the reof,than the Crofs before handled. CHAP. via. HAving liitherto mewed at large the fe- veral forms of rflaking of fuch Charges as we call honourable Ordinaries: Or- der requireth that I mould now mew their di- verfe manner of Bearing , according to our prefixed Distribution. Thefe are born J Simple. C Compound. Thofe Chap. VIII. A Difplay of Heraldry. Thofe are faid to be born Simple, when only Ordinaries do appear in the Field. Thefe Ordinaries comprehend ■ One fort. .Divers forts. r Ordinaries are faid to be of one fort , when only one kind of them is born in the Field, without mixture of any other. Whofe bearing is< rSingle. Manifold. By fingle Bearing I underftand fome one Or- dinary born alone in the Efcocheon : fuch are thefe precedent Examples before handled. By manifold bearing of Ordinaries, I mean the bearing of divers Ordinaries of the fame kind, whether the fame be born of them- felves alone, or elfe conjunctly with fome of their Subdivifions. ( One upon another. Which form of bearing < is twofold, viz. C One befides another. What is meant by the bearing of Ordina- ries of one kind , one upon another, may be eafily conceived by thefe four Efcocheons next following. m \ $■ .t. $ f 'f, '. T •IV He beareth Ermyn, a Crofs, Gules, fur- mounted of another, Argent, by the Name of Malton. Amongft the CrofTes formerly exemplified, I have gi- ven an Example of one much like to this in fhew, but yet much dif- fering from the fame , as you will eafily find by comparing them together : For in the for- mer the Field fheweth through the innermoft parts thereof; but in this it is far otherwife : forafmuch as herein are two CrofTes , whereof that which lyeth next the Field is Gules , and the other that is placed upon the fame is Ar- gent ; fo as in this it can by no means be con- ceived to be of that kind before handled, for then fhould the Ermyns appear in the inner part thereof, as well as in the reft of the Field, then might you boldly call the fame a Crofs voided, as that formerly handled. He beareth Vert, a Crofs couped, Argent, charged with another, Gules. This Example doth more apparently exprefs the double charge iliewed in the laft precedent Efcoche- on, for that the Crofs that lieth next the Field is made more fpacious than the former : and withal, it doth inform our understanding , that there is great difference between the bearing of this , and of the Crofs fimbriated , herein , that in the Crofs fimbriated , the edges there- of do occupy the leaft portion thereof ; and in this the furmounting Crofs hath the leaft part of the fame. This therefore cannot by any means be undcrftood to be a Crofs fimbriated, for fo fhould the guard or edge thereof be larg- er than the thing that is faid to be guarded , which were a very abfurd affirmation. He beareth Gules, a Sal tire , Or, charged with another, Vert, by the Name of Andrews. What hath been for- merly faid in the laft precedent Example touching the Crofs , doth hold alfo in this and other like Bearings: for in things having a conformity or refemblance one of another, the fame reafon holdeth in the one as in the other ; where contrariwife , of things having no re- femblance or liksnefs , the reafon is diverfe. This Engine ( as Leigh noteth ) in old time was of the height of a man, and was born of fuch as ufed to fcale the Walls of Cities or Towns (which then were but low) and it was driven full of pins fit for that purpofe. Ufton faith it was an Engine to catch wild Beafts , and therefore beftowed upon rich and covetous perfons, that willingly will not part from their Subftance. Proceed we now to Examples of Ordinaries of the fame kind born one befides another : fuch are thefe next following,' and their like. The Field is Argent, three Pallets Gules. This Coatappertaineth to the ancient Family of Ber- chem, Lord of Berchem in Brabant , near Ant- werp. And as there are Ordinaries of this kind born in ftreight Line , fo are they alfo born in Lines Unde, as in Example, The bear- h ing 66 A Difplay of Heraldry. Sed. II. ing of Piles, Pales , Bends,, Ban's , and their extracted parts, was called of old Heralds, Reftrial, in refped of thejr ftrength and folid fubftance, which is able to abide the itrefs and force of any trial they (hall be put unto. He bearctli Argent, three Pallets Wave, Gules, by the Name of 'Dowries of Debnam , Suffolk. Note , that fuch Ordinaries , as ei- ther of themfelves, or elfe by reafon of fome charge impofed upon them, do challenge the third part of the Field , are exempted from this kind of bearing one befides another, be- caufe of fuch the Field can contain but one of them at once. But their Derivatives or Sub- divisions may well be forted with them in the fame Efcocheon ; as a Pale between two En- dorfes, a BenJ between two Cotilfe, and fuch lite of the fame kind ; as in Example. The Field is Azure, a Bend engrailed, Ar- gent, cotifled, Or. Tlijis Coat-Armour pertaiii- eth to the worthy Fa- mily of Fortefcue of 'Devon_. and is born by Sir Tvter-Fortefcue of Vreflon and Wood in thefaid County, Baro- net. As thefe CotiiTes are born plain, fo fliall you find them varied after the divers forms of Lines before expreifed , as in thefe Examples following may in part be feen : And Uptons affertion ( before delivered ) touching their diverfity of fliape approved ; as by practice the diligent Obferver fhall eafily perceive. He beareth Sable , a Bend, Argent, between two Cotilfes Dancett, Or, by the Name of Clofton , albeit thefe CotifTes may feem to be of a divers kind from the Bend where- with they are forted : yet is it otherwife, in- afmuch as they are Subdivisions abstracted from the Bend, as hath been before ihewed. Now I will fllew you Bends born one befides the other. He beareth Or, two Bends, Azure, by the Name of D'oyley , a Family of good Anti- quity : for Robert Lord Oyley or B'sj'/f >,came in to England with the Conqueror,and found- ed the Caftle of Ox- ford within five years of the Conqueft,whofe Son Robert was Con- ftable to King Henry the Firft, and founded the Abbey of OJney. Of this Family is Sir John TJoy -ley of Chiftyhampton in Oxford/hire, Kt. The Field is Argent,two Bends, Gules. This Coat-Armour I find in an ancient Manufcript of Collection of Engliflimens Arms in Metal and Colours, with the Blazon in French,of the time of our Henry the Sixth , as it is apparent by the Character of the Letter : over which Coat- Armour is there written the Bearers name, •viz. Monfieur John Haget ; from whom Mr. Bartholomew Haget > late Conful of Aleppo , deriveth his defcent. This Book at this pre- fent remaineth in the cuftody of a worthy Friend of mine, a curious Collector and care- ful Preferver of fuch ancient Monuments. Gules, two Bends, the upper Or, and the lower Argent , was born by Milo Fitz-water, who by King Henry the Firft was made Earl of Hereford, and Conflable of England jinA Lord of theForeft of Dean , in right of his Wife , Daughter and Heir of Bernard Ntwmarch , Lord of Brecknock. This Coat is now quar- tered by Sir Ralph Verney of Middle Claydon in Buckinghatnjloire. He beareth Azure , three Croilets fitchee , between two Beadlets , Or, this with the Arms of ZJlfier, is the Coat- Armour of Sir Norton Knatchbull of Merfliam Hatch in Kent, Knight and Baronet. He beareth Argent, three Bends wavy, A- zure. This is the an- cient Paternal Coat- Armour belonging to Wilbrahamoi Chejhire, as appears by divers Records in the Office of Arms, and elfe- where. The chief of which Name is Sir Richard IVilbraham of JVoodhey, Knight and Baronet,lineally defend- ed Chap. VIII. A Difplay of Heraldry. :d from Sir Richar/J Wilbraham Knight, whoi ived in the Reign of King Henry the Third , md was high Sheriff of the. afcrefaid County In the beginning of King Edward the Firft. From which Family of Wilbraham Wood- bey, defcended Sir Roger Wilbraham Knight, lately one of the Mailers of Requefts in Or- dinary to King James , and Surveyor of! his MajeUies Court of Wards and Liveries ; who at Nantwich ( the place of his Birth ) and elfewhere , hath by his charitable Acts left pious Monuments of his Name and Memory. Of this Family are Sit Thomas Wilbraham tit Woodhey in the faid County, Baronet ; as alfo Roger Wilbraham of Dearfold , and Roger Wilbraham of Nantwich , both of the faid Countie, Efquires. Mr. Bojwell , in his Works of Armory ob- ferveth , That the Bearer of fuch Bends as thefe , or of the like Coat- Armour , may be thought to have done fome great enterprife upon the Seas , worthy of perpetual com- mendation. As for Ordinaries of other forts born likewife one belides another of the fame kind, behold thefe next Examples. He beareth Or, three Bars Dancett, Gules, by the Name of Dela- mare. This Example ferveth to inform our understanding of the ufe of that fort of a- cute Anguled Ordina- ries , that in Blazon we term by the name of Dancett; and is in fhape like to that other fort of acute Anguled Line , which is there named Indented, but differeth from the fame only in quantity, wherein thefe do exceed thole , as being more fpacioufly drawn than they. He beareth Azure , three Bars Waved, Ar- gent , by the Name of Samford. To the end I may make plain (by demonftration ) the ufe of the feveral forms of Lines before exprelled ■ I made choice of this Coat-Armour , to ex- third fort of bunched Lines there This kind of bearing may put us in mind , that like as in a tempeftuous (form , the Seas being troubled, do raife their waves one immediately upon another : So likewife hath God ordained that one trou- ble fhould fucceed another to keep his cho- fen in continual exercile , and may have ma- nifold experiments of his gracious 'Providence and Fatherly care, in prefervfflg of them in empJifie the mentioned. all their troubles, , and giving them a com- fortable event , and happy end of all their Afflictions ; as appeareth Job j. 1 (J. He fcall deliver thee in fix troubles , and in the fe'-. venth the evil Jhatl not touch thee. It is a blefled thing to be under Gods correction , as witneifeth Job J. 17. Behold , blejj'cd » the man whom Cod corre'ffetb, therefore re- fufe not thou the chaftifewent cf the Al- mighty : fir he niakelh the wound and frind- etti it up ; he fmiteth , and his hands: make whole, Verfe 1 8. Again, He deliver eth the poor in affliction, and openeth their -Ear' in trouble, "Job 36. ij. By afflictions God rho- veth the hearts of" his Children to feel their fins , that they may come to him by Repen- tance , as he did Manaffeth. And if they be bound in fetters , and tied with cords of affliElion (Job 36.8..) Then will he jloew them their work , and their tranlgreffions that they have exceeded , Verfe 9. Behold , God exalteth by his power ; what teacher is like unto him ? Verfe 22. Affliction bringeth us to knowledge and acknowledging of our fins, aswemayfee, Dent. 51. 17. Now from Ordinaries of the fame kind born one upon another , with their extra- cted Subdivifions , proceed we to Ordinaries of divers kinds, and their Diminutives abftra- cted from them , eftfoons found likewife born both one upon another , and one be- fides another : Such are thefe next following, and their like. He beareth Gules , on a Chevron, Argent, three Bars Gemellesj Sable, by the Name of Throkmortou ; and, with the Arms of Ul- fler , is the Coat- Ar- mour of Sir Baynham Throkmortou in the faid County ,Baronet. Thefe are termed in Blazon Bars Gemelles, of the Latin word Gemellus, .which fignifieth a Twin , or Children cf one Birth , as Gemelli fratres , Brothers of one Birth , for like as thefe are Twins m a birth , fo are thofe in like fort born by cou- ples. He beareth Sable , a 'Pile, Argent, fur- mounted of a Che- vron , Gules , by the Name of Dyxton. This Coat is found in the Abby Church of Ci- renc?(ier, in the Coun- ty of Glocefler ; and it ferveth fitly to exem- plify a Rule formerly delivered touching the L z ufuai' 68 A Diftlay of Heraldry. Sed.II. ufual Blazoning of diftindt things born in one El'cocheon ; viz. that the Charge lying next and immediately upon the Field , fliall be firft nominated, and then things more re- mote. He beareth Sable, on a Saltire engrailed, Argent, an Inefcoche- on , Or, charged with a Crofs, Gules, by the Name of Morris. It may be of fome con- ceived that there is falfe Armory in this Coat, in refpect of the Efcocheon , Or, placed upon the Saltire, Argent , which is Metal upon Metal , a kind of bearing ( as alfo Colour upon Colour ) ut- terly condemned for falfe Armory : but fuch kind of falfity is evermore meant of Metal up- on Metal , or Colour upon Colour , placed in one felf-fame Efcocheon : but here are feve- ral Shields, and thofe pertaining to diftincl Families , and therefore not to be holden for falfe Armory. He beareth Argent, on a Pale, Sable , three Croffes Patee, Or, with- in a Bordure engrailed , of the fecond, by the Name of Creech of Als- wike , in the County of Hartford. Here you may obferve, that when you are to Blazon an Efcocheon wherein are born a Pale and a Bordure , that you muft mention the Pale be- fore the Bordure. The Field is Argent, a Fefs and Canton , Gules. This Coat-Ar- mour pertaineth to the Honourable Family of IFoodvile, created Earl Rivers in the time of King Edward the Fourth, who was alfo Lord Treafurer of Eng- land ; from whom many worthy Perfons of high calling are defended. As touching Or- dinaries of divers kinds born one upon ano- ther, you muft obferve, that if they be both of one Metal , Colour , or Furr , their parts contingent are not fevered by purfie, for that by their forms it may be eafily conceiv- ed what Ordinaries they are, notwithftanding the rlPt^/f n - D the deleft of the purfie. He beareth Gules, two Bars and a Can- ton , Argent , by the Name of Deane. As to the omiffion of pur- fie laft before menti- oned , the Rule there given holdeth not a- lone in that, but alfo in thefe and all other Coats of like bearing , I mean fuch as have in them a Canton or Quarter born joyntly ( as in thefe ) with fome other Ordinary of the fame Metal , Colour , or Furr , now I will add one Example of the joynt bearing of a Canton with three Bars, as in the next Ef- cocheon appeareth. He beareth Argent, three Barrs and a Can- ton, Gules, by the name of Fuller. Many more Examples of Coat- Armours of like fort of bearing could I pro- duce, were it not that I hold thefe few fuffi- «ent to inform the un- demanding of ftudious Armorifts, that as well Ordinaries of divers kinds , as thofe of the fame kind , are found born one upon a- nother; and withal to occafion them to pry more narrowly into thefe curious and nice • manners of bearing, which numbers of them do llcightly pafs over , as if they held them unworthy of more than ordinary Obfervation. But here the Bars are cut too little. He beareth Or , three Bars, Azure, on a Canton , Gules, a Lyons head enrazed, Argent, by the Name of Cox , and is the Pa- ternal Coat-Armour of Thomas Cox,M.D. Phy- fician in Ordinary to his Majefty K. Charles the Second. He beareth Sable, a Bend and Chief, Or. This is a Coat of rare bearing, which I find cut in ftone in the Ab- by Church of IVeflmin- fter , in the North part thereof. The conjoyning of thefe two Ordinaries doth confti- tute Chap.VIII. A Difplay of Heraldry. 69 ftitute (on the left fide thereof) the form of a Gyron ; and the Ordinaries themfdves thus united, do refemble the form of the Arithme- tical figure of Seven turned backwards, t ' Now for Ordinaries of divers kinds bornj one befidcs another , you lhall have thefe. Ex-j amples enfuing. , ;He beareth Or, a F efs between two Chevrons , Sable : This Coat-Ar- 1 mour was born by Sir JithiiLifle Knight, and one of the firft Found- ers of the moft Noble Order of the Garter , as appeareth by his Plate whereon thefe Arms are enameled , and yet remaining in his Stall in the Quire in the Chappel of Saint George at Windsor. Which Sir fohn Lifk was Lord of the Mannor of Wilbraham , in the County of Cambridge , of which faid Mannor William Lifle Efquire , is at this day fcized : A Gen- tleman, to whom the Studious in our ancient Saxon Tongue are much obliged , for the clear light he hath given therein by his great travel and pains. Robert Lifle, who was a Baron in the times of King Edward the Second , and Edward the Third , bore the fame Coat-Armour. And divers ancient and eminent Nobles of this Kingdom do rightfully quarter thefe Arm's , being defcended from the Heirs generally of the Family of Lijle. Or, a Fefs between two Chevrons , Gules, was the Coat of Auf'elme Lord Fitz-water , in the time of the Conqueft ; of whom did defcend Walter- Fitz-water , who had a Daughter and Heir that married to Robert Radcliff, father of Robert Radcltf Lorcf Fits-water, of whom defcended Robert Rad- clif Earl of Si/ffex, and Vifcount Fits-water; of which Family is Sir Francis Radcliff oi T)il- fton in Northumberland , Baronet , now li- ving, 1675:. He beareth, Gules, a Crofs, Argent , in the Dexter Quarter, anEf- cocheon, Or, charged with three Chevronels of the firft , by the Name of Saint Owen ; which Family, either for affeclion , or for fome Lands which they anciently held of the Houfe of Clare,ma.y feem to have affumed the Arms of the faid Clare in tiie Dexter point of the Field ; which form of bearing is of very rare ufe. He, beareth Argent, a Crofs flory, Gules, in the Siniflei'.Qiiarler, an Efcocheon^abje, charg-i ed with a».Ci»fs of the firft, by the Name of Tenthar. ' This Coat I have a! lb inferted here , beiaufe of the variety and 'rarity of it , being of no lefs rarenefs than the form- er , and feldom feen to be born by any : In Blazon of which I break not the Rule for- merly given , by twice repeating the word Crofs , becaufe it is in the Efcocheon by it felf. . fin D3V/nVrid * rill » ( *;t ] '-rtf-Ai «..!♦ , . ' The Field is Topaz, a Saltire and Chief, Ruby ; and is the Arms of Sir Edward Brufe Knight , Lord of Kin- lofi in Scotland, fome- time Mafter of the Rolls of his Majefties Court of Chancery. Thefe Arms fometime belong- ed to the oldBrufes ofAuandale,and alfo to the Earls of Carte? ; out of which Houfe the R. Ho- nourable Robert Earl of Aylesbury and Elgin , Vifcount Brufe of Amfthil, Lord Brufe of Wharlton , Skelton , and Kinlofi, Heredita- ry High Steward of the Honour of Amfthil, High Steward of Leicefter , and Lord Lieu- tenant of BedfordJ/jire , derives his defcent ; to which Coat , as an Addition , his Lord- ihip now beareth on a Canton Pearl, a Ly- on Rampant, Saphir. He beareth Gules , two Bars and a Chief indented, Or, by the Name of Hare. Thk, with the Arms of VI- fter, is the Coat of Sir Ralph Hare of Stow- Bardolpb in Norfolk , Baronet ; and as I take it , derived from the an- cient Armes of Harecourt , whofe Coat- Armour it is if the Chief were away. In this Efcocheon you may obferve in fome part , the variable ihape of Chiefs , occafi- oned by reafon of divers forms of Lines ( be- fore ihewed) whereof they are compofed. The reft , time and diligent obfervation will make plain. The 70 A Difflay of Heraldry. Sed. If. The Field is Azure, three Chevronels, bra- fed in the Bafe of the Efcocheon.and a Chief, Or. This Coat- Armour pertainetK to the Ho- nourable Family of Fitz-Hiigh , fometimes ancient Barons of the North parts of this Land; of whom the Right Honourable the Earl of Temtreok is Heir, and writeth hirnie It, amongft his other Titles , \M& fttx-Hiigb , and affo quartered! the Coat. Thefe are term- ed in Blazon Chevronels , in refpe<2 they are abftraded from Chevrons, whereof they have not alone the fhape, but alfo a borrowed name of Diminution , as if you mould call them mi- nute, or fmall Chevrons. He beareth Argent, three Chevronels bra- fed in the Bafe point of the Efcocheon , Sa- ble, on a Chief of the fecond , three Mullets of the firft , by the Name of T)anby , and is now born by Chri- ftopher Daniy of Ma- Jham , Thorp -T arrow , and Scruton , in the North-Ridine of Tori- Jhire ; of Driffield in the Eaft-Riding ; and of Thomby in the Parifli of Leeds in the Weft- Riding of Torkfiire, Efq. The End of the Second Section. MM 7 1 Naturalia funt fyecula eorum qu£ non videntur. ' j ^His Third Section beginneth to treat of fuch Charges of Coat- i* Armours as are called Common Charges, whereof fbme be Natural and meerly formal ,• fuch are Angels and Spirits : and others are both Formal and Material; as the Sun, Moon, Stars; as alio fuch Natures as are Sublunary, whether they be living after a fort, as all kinds of Minerals ; or that they live perfectly , as all manner of Vegetables and Senfitive Creatures , with their General and Particu- lar Notes, Rules, Precepts, and Obfervations. The TABLE of the Third Seftion. Formal, r Natural -As ill kinds of Spirits, which albeit thty arc Incorporeal Effences , yet In refpec* tb*t > fome of them have had affumpted Bodies, astholetnat appeared to AM*m,Ut,*C ) they h>ve been born in Arms according to fach their affumpted (hapes. ^Heavens. fConflant, < \ ) <, Fixed. ' Stars ) vVandring : as the Sun, Moon, Comets, &c. ^Simple, , Materi- Inconftant, as the Elements, 1 (lands, Mountains, Fountains, &c. Brute.as) Fiery, as the Mullet, or Falling Star, Lightning,&c. Meteors c Watry , Mist, 5: < as Clouds, Rainbows, and their like. ( Liquefiable, as Gold, Silver, &c. \ r Preciom , as the Diamond , S>- rAfter fome fort, "/NotliqueA phire, Carbuncle, Ruby, &c. 1 Metals or Minerals, 1 filb | Cj a5 J C Stones: yBafe.asall forts of Stones of vul- (_ gar ufe and imployment. Simple, that do grow upon one body or flem , as all kind of Trees with their Limbs, Leaves, and other parts. Manifold, as Shrubs of all forts , whofe Leaves, Flowers, and Fruits, are of more frequent ufe of bearing in Arms, than is their whole bearing. Stalks Such are all kinds of Herbs, and their parti.vir. their Leaves and Flowers.- .Contained, whereof only blood is of ufe in Arras: I r ( r Ad junits^ Support, as the Bones. Ifcil.their r Plants& other Vegeta- tives that grow 1 upon a | grow S I upon a I I Com- I mon j parts 1 Their A-* nimal parts de-' (tinated to | Living Crea. r Four " u j footed, a ' and do 1 duce Artificial, whereof fee the Table of the foorth Secli- 1 on,attbis Character $■ Above the earth, having [.their feet Egg', which fome have 1 Diverfly cloven. of\ Covering, which is their Siting Senfe and Motion together , is the Brain , whofe excrement, viz. tears, art only of ufe in Armory. Motion alone, the ufe whereof in Arms is the heart. Whole footed , as the Elephant, Horfe.Mule, Afs,&c. In two , as Harts,Goatf, etc. Inro many parts, as Lions,Bcars, Wolves,cxc. Four feet , as the Tor- toife, Frog , Lizard, Crocodile, &c, More than four feet, as the Scorpion , Ant, Grafhopper,&c. gj Creeping, or rather gliding, as Snakes, = [_ SnailSjBlind-worms, &c. Whole and plain, and are called Palmipedes, as theSwan,Goofe Duck,. and other like River Fowls. Divided, as Eagles Hiwks,and all Birds of prey, anddomeflical Fouls. Skinned, as Larapries, Ee'es, Congers, and fuch like. Scaled, as the Dolphin, Barbel, Carp, Bream, Roch.cVc. Crufted, as Lobllers, Crabs, Crevices, Prawns, Shrimps, &C, Shelled, as Scalops, Oyfters , Peri- winkleSjMufcleSj&c, Reafonsble, which is Man, A Diftlay of Heraldry. 73 •So SECTION III CHAP. I. HAving performed the Task which our propoled Order impofedon us, touch- ing proper Charges , together with their making, and divers manner of bearing: the fame orderly Progreffion now calleth us to the handling of common Charges , menti- oned in the fecond Member of the fame Di- ftribution. By common Charges I mean all fuch other Charges hereafter following, as are not hitherto handled. ( Natural. Whether they be i (_ Artificial. Things Natural ( according to Philofophers) are Effences by themfelves fubfrfting : Res na- turalis eft ejfentia fer Je (ubfiflens. Mani- fold , and in manner infinite are thefe things Natural, as Zanchitts noteth, faying, Multa [wit , & prop'e infinite , 11071 tarn res , quam rerum fpecies , in Celts , in Acre, in Terrx, in Aquis : therefore it is not to be expected, that I mould in exemplifying of them , pafs through all the particulars of them; but only touch fuperficially fome of their chiefeft, fe* lected out of that innumerable variety, where- by I may manifeft in what ranks , and under what heads , each peculiar thing muft be be- ftowed, according to their feveral kinds, and fo redeem them from all former confufed mix- ture. Of things Natural, fome are ("Formal. (Material. The formal Nature is moft fimple and pure, and confifteth of the propriety of its own form , without any body at all ; of which fort are Spirits , which ( according to Scri- bonius ) are Effentite jormatte rationales immortalcs ; Elfences perfectly formed, rea- fonable and immortal : I fay, perfectly form- ed , to diftinguilh them from the Souls of men, whofe forming is not perfe&in it felf, but is for the informing and perfecting of the Eody and the whole Man. Amongft fuch Forms are numbred< "Angels. 'Cherulims. Angels, in the Opinion of moft men) are incorporeal Elfences of a fpiritual Nature, void of all material Subflance. Angelas^ in Latin , is the fame that Nuntius is , that is to fay a Meifenger ; and the fame is a name of Office, and not of Nature , as St. Augnftine noteth up- on Tfalm 104. faying, Qutem nornen hujm nature ? Spiritus eft. Quam officium ? An- gelus eft. Will you know the nature of it ? It is a Spirit. Will you know the Office of it? It is an Angel or Meifenger. The like may we find ( faith he ) in man : Nomeu nature Homo, officii Miles: nornen nature Vir , of- ficii Trator : To be a man , is a name of na- ture : To be a Souldier or Pretor, is a name of Office. Angels are Meffengers, by whom God hath manifelled his will and power to his E- lect in Chrift Jefus : In which refpect alfo the Miniflers of God are called in Scriptures Gods Angels, and therefore to be honoured as his Embalfadours and Meffengers ; and their Do- ctrine is Ev angel '1 urn , the good Angelical Mellage of life eternal with the Angels in Heaven.. All Angels are of like fpiritual Subflance , of like intelligent faculty , of like will and choice ; In line , all of them created alike good, and in nature perfect. Neverthelefs , as all men by nature and natural dignity are alike , but by accident fome of them are of more eftcem and worthinefs than others : So M it 74 A Difflay of Heraldry. SeS. ill. it is alfo with Angels , raafmuch as fome of them ( if we give credit to PhilofophersJ are appointed to attend the motion of the Heavens, others to reprefs the rage of Devils , as ap- peareth Job S. Others have charge of prefer- vation of Kingdoms, and to keep under the rage of Tyrants , as is manifeft Daniel 20. Some have charge of fome particular Church , others of Apoiiles and Pallors , and others of private Perlbns, Tfalm 91. And all of them are by Scripture faid to be Miniflrmg Sp- rits. Of this diverfity of Functions , and feveral Adminiftrations , it is thought ( becaufe fome of thefe Offices are of higher imployment than others are } that fome of them are fim- ply called Angels, fome Archangels, fome Vermes , fome Dominations , as St. Hierom exprcdy (heweth. And albeit thefe heavenly Spirits be in their own Nature void of all corporeal or material Subftance , yet is it certain , when it pleafed God fo to imploy them , they had affumpted Bodies for the time, to the end they might then more effectually accomplifh the fervice that God hadinjoyned them. Such Bodies had the three Angels that appeared to Abraham, Cen. 18. Such Bodies alio had the two Angels that came unto Lot, Cen. 19. And as God gave them Bodies for that time , fo did he give them alfo the Faculties anfwerable to fuch Bo- dies ; viz. to walk, talk, eat, drink, and fuch like. Thefe Bodies and bodily Faculties were given them, to the end they might more £ miharly con verfe and difcourfe with the god- 1' to whom they were fent, and the better p >rm the charge enjoyned them , infomuch 9 liej did unfeignedly eat and drink, as Zan- ci.nus noteth ; whereby they did the better correal their proper Nature , until fuch time as they mould make known unto men what they were indeed. Hereupon it feemeth the Ancients of fore-paft Ages have ufed the bear- ing of Angels in Coat-Armours , according to thofe bodily Jhapes and habits wherein they appeared unto men, as in Example. The Field is Jupiter, an Angel volant in bend, pointing to the Hea- vens with his right hand, and w ith his left to the Earth , habited in a Robe clofe girt, Sol : having a Scroll if- fuing from his mouth, containing thefe four Letters , G. I. E. D. The Letters do fig- nine the words uttered by the .multitude of heavenly Souldiers that did accompany the Angel which brought unto the Shepherds the moft joyful tidings of the birth of our bleffed Saviour Jefus Chrift, praifing God, and faying, Gkrta m excel fis Deo, % ,„ terra fax ■ Glory to God on high , and on Earth peace. This Coat may well befeem any Ambailadour or bringer of happy news, efpecially fuch as firft plant Religion in any Country; in which refpedt this our Nation hath been more glo- rious , both in preferving ' and propagating the purity of Religion, than any other of the World. The Field is Mars, an Angel {landing di- K& , with his hands conjoyned , and eleva- ted upon his breaft ; ha- bited in a long Robe clofe girt , Luna ; his Wings difplay'd.as pre- pared to liie, Sol. A- mongft the Coat-Ar- mours of fuch as were affembled at the Coun- cil of Ccmpance, Antio Domini 141 j. I find this Coat born by the Name of Bravgor de Ce- ruifia. Furthermore , amongft the pcrfons there affembled , I find that the King of A- rabia bare for his Coat an Archangel, couped at the breaft , the wings difplay'd, and ligned in the forehead with a Crsfs. And that Gi- deon, Epfcopus Tellicaftrenfis , did bear an Angel iifuing out of the bafe of the Efcocheon, with his hands conjoyned, and elevated on his breaft , the wings difplay'd for readinefs of flight. He beareth Luna, upon a Chevron , Sa- turn , three Angels kneeling, habited in long Robes clofe girt, with their hands con- joyned and elevated as aforefaid , and their wings difplay'd , Sol. This Coat is faid to be born by Maellock Krwm of Wales. And in- deed this form of kneeling well fitteth the An- gels, to fliew their continual adoring of their Almighty King, in whofe Chamber of Pre- fence they daily wait : but that we ihould kneel to them , that themfelves condemn in the Apocahfs : and St. Taul exprefty forbid- deth Angel-worlhip. And indeed a madnefs it is, when Chrift commands us to pray , O our Father , that any mould teach us to pray, 0 my Angel. After Angels, Cherubims (whofe ufe in Ar- mory is Ids frequent ) are to be handled. Of thefe I find two Examples of feveral bearing ; the one out of Hieron. Bar a , exprefting the fole bearing of a Cherub: another out of Leigh, of a Cherub born upon an Ordinary : to which 1 have thought fit to add a Coat of Name , for a more manifeft proof of their ufe in Arms, as alfo to ihew that they are born as well with Chap.II. A Difplay of Heraldry. 75 with Ordinaries between them, as upon Or- dinaries. He beareth Jupiter, a Cherub having three pair of wings, where- of the uppermoft and nethermolt are coun- terly crolTed , and the middlemoft difplay'd , Luna. As to the forms of thofe Cherubims that covered the Ark , it is of fomeholden, that they had the fimi- litude of certain Birds , fuch as never any man hath feen ; but that Mofes faw in his moft blcfied Vifion fuch fhapes upon the Throne of God. But Joftefh. Lib. Autiq. Judaic.'sSd.ith, Hie Cherubic a effigies quanam fpecie fuerint nemo vel con) ic ere pot eft vel eloqui : Of what ihape thefe Cherubims were, no mortal man can conjecture or utter. He beareth Luna , on a Chief, Jupiter, a,Cherub difplay'd, Sol. The Cherubims were pourtraited with wings before the place where the Ifraelites prayed,to fhewhow fpeedily they went about the Lords bufinefs. Cherubim (_ according to Zanchius , lib. z. de Nomitn- bus AngeLorum ) is not the name of any Or- der of Angels, or Celeftial Hierarchy (_aso- thers would have it ) but fuch as may well a- gree with all Angels : Nither doth that Name always fignific their Nature, or ordinary Of- fice , but for a certain reafon, even fo long as they do appear to be fuch , as by thofe Names they are (ignified to be. And it is to be ob- ferved , that Cherub betokeneth the fingular Number, and Cherubim the plural Number; The Field is Sable, a Chevron between 3 Cherubims, Or. This Coat pertained to the right worthy Gentle- man , Sir Thomas Cha- loner Knight, fometime Governourto the moft HighandMighty Prince Hrary,Prince of Wales, Duke of Ccrnwal and Rothfay , and Earl of Chefter; and is now born by Sir Edward Cha- loner of Gisborougb in the North-Riding of lorlfljire, Knight. In our Dividon we diftinguilhed thefe from Angels , becaufe by moft they are taken for a diftmift Order above ordinary Angels, taking that Name from the fulnefs or abundance of Divine and Myftical Science. Thus have you Examples of Cherubims born, not only Sole , but alio upon and with Ordinaries. CHAP. i r. FRom things Natural that are meerly for-i mal, we come to fuch as are Natural and Material. Thofe are faid to be Eifences Material, that do confift of a Body fubjedt to motion and alteration; Natura materiata eji effentia in cor fore motui obnoxio fubfijiens • A material Nature is an ElTence fubfifting in a Body fubjed: to motion. f Simple. Thefe are < CMixt. Simple, are certain Orbicular or Round Bo- dies , or bodily Eifences, originally confifting of an unmixed matter. (Conftant. Of thefe fome ares Clhconltant. Thofe are faid to be conftant Natures which inrefpedof their perfection are of moft laft- ing continuance ; fuch are the Celeftial Globes and the Stars. Ctlmmoveable. The heavenly Spheres or.? Globes, are ( Moveable. The Unmoveable is holden to be that ut^ termoft Sphere that gliftereth fo gloriouiiy , as that it dazeleth the lharpeft fight of man, and is called Ctelum Emfyreum, the hery Heaven- whereof we lhall be better able to judge and fpeak, when God lhall bring us thither, and y et our Star-gazers will take upon them to talk fo confidently and particularly of thofe in- comprehenfible Bodies , as if they had been there,and furveyed every corner thereof. This Celeftial Globe ( according to Scrtbomus ~) is the Manfion Place and Palace of all the hea- venly Natures , wherein the Angels , and o- ther the bleifed of God, do with endlefs joy behold the prefence of Almighty God face to face. To this place Q according to the fame Author ) were Enoch, Eltas, and Taul rapt up before their deaths. But now for more orderly progreffion here- in , forafmuch as we have occafion here offer- ed to fpeak of a Sphere , we will firft fhew what a Sphere is, and fo proceed to the reft. A Sphere is a figure or body exactly round of all parts , and void of all Angles and Corn- ers. The fpherical or round form is of all M z other 7 6 A Difflay of Heraldry. Seft.HI. other the moft perfeft , as alfo the mod beau- tiful, capable, and fit for motion a as much as it is void of all corners, which might give impediment to moving, therefore is this torm mod agreeable to the Heavens and Celeftial BodiesT which are evermore in continual and reftlcfs motion. It was requifite then , that the perfected Body ( fuch as the Heavens are} fhould receive the perfedeft form, which is the orbicular or round figure f£?™f£ h *%% ( faith Anftotle, lib. de Ccelo fe Mundo ) eft omnium figurarum nobilior. T he motion of the Heavens is the moft fin- cere and unlaboured of all motions , Movetur emm fine Lahore , © fatigatione An ft. de Ccelo L As alfo it is faid in Ecclefiaft 1 6*4.6. The Lord bath jet his wsf-ks in pod order from the beginning, and fart of them be Junared from the other , when the fir [I made them. He hath ramified his worts for ever , and their beginning fo long as they pall endure : they are not hungry, nor wearied in their labours, nor ceafe from their offices , Verfe 17. A- "nin AW of them hindreth another, neither was' any of them di [obedient to his words, Verfe 28. He luildeth his Spheres in the Heaven , and hath laid the foundations of the Globe of Elements in the Earth : be cal- leth the waters of the Sea, and ponreth them out upon the open Earth ; the LORD is his Name, Amos 9.6. The matter whereof the Heavens are com- pofed , hath in it this natural property, not to be moved violently, neither yet naturally to reft. As the fame Author teftifieth in thefe words , Nalura materia Call eft innate rum movere violent er, S non qniefcere naturaltter, Lib de Ccelo : without intermiflion is the mo- tion of the Heavens. Therefore are high and noble Spirits refembled to the Celeftial Bodies according to Lipfius , Alti athereique animi , itt ipfe tether , femper gaudent motu : Men ot ethcrial or heavenlv Spirits cannot be idle, but are evermore in adion, and exercife of things commendable and vertuous, being thereto moved and quickned by an honed and free dif- pofition and affedion of the will and defire of the mind : Omnia enim honefta opera ( faith Seneca') voluntas inchoat , oceafio ferficit. But vertue hardly receiveth her due merit at all feafons. Nevertheless, Safe honor ata eft virtus , etiam tibi eamfefellit exitus. The circular Motion receiveth beginning in itfelf, and hath the Smoothed paffage : for m all other forms you fhall find Angels , either more or lefs , which do give impediments to motion , whereby they give occafion of fome day or reft ( as I have faid before ). There- fore it behooved , that the fincereft Body fliould be fitted with the fimpleft form and mo- tion. In this kind of motion of the Hea- vens , is fignified the very eternity of God , wherein there is neither beginning nor ending to be found; and therefore it is rightly faid by the .Apoftle , The invifible things of God are conceived and underftood by his creatures: as alfo his Everlafting Power and Divine LI- fence, whereof his vifible- works are the ex- prefs Characters. . . . . Mercurius Trifmeqiftus in his delcnption ot God , refembleth him to a Sphere , laying, Deus eft Sfhara, qui ratione japentiaqne comprehend itur , cujus centrum eft ubique_, circumferentia verb mifqu&t , Wc. God is a Sphere that is apprehended by, reafon, whole center is every where , and lib circumference no where. For God hath neither beginning nor ending: he wants beginning, becaufe he was not made by any , but was himfelf the Creator of all things: And he is void of ending, by reafon that he had no beginning : Nam quicqmd finttur , in fna prinapiarefolvitur; Whatsoever hath an end , the lame is refolv- ed into that it was at the firft. As touching the Subftance of. the Heavens, Scribomus faith , that it is Corpus conftans ex aqua, in frmiffimam cjfentiam inftar pellis extcnfie concameratum. It is a Body ( faith he Vconfifting of Water, in the moft folid Subftance thereof fpread out Vault-ways like a Skin. . Though it may feem to thee ( courteous Reader) that I undertake a needlefs labour in manifesting that the glorious Heavens and Earth , were formed and framed by the molt powerful God , a thing fo frequent in the Sa- cred Scriptures , and alfo fo clear, as that no man can doubt thereof : yet give me leave for my own particular , who do labour to appre- hend every occafion to publifh the glory ot the Eternal and Omnipotent God ( which is the main and principal end of our Creation) ef- pecially fince the Order of my Method requi- red! the fame; and that bomim all quod Upus repetitum deleBat ; Give me leave, I Say , in this my latter impreflion , to reprove my Self for my too much neglected duty in my former ; thatfo, though very late, yet at the lad, I may prefer the Glory of God before the Order of Method. . The Moveable Sphere of the Heaven is the Firmament. The Firmament is that continu- al moving Heaven , which with his fwift Re- volution fwayeth all the Inferiour Orbs, and is calledjn Latin Firmameutum (according tp Scribonius) d ftrmitate , that is, of the lia- bility thereof; meaning (as I conceive) ei- ther the durable fubfilting of it , or elfe the unmoveablenefs of the two Poles , Article and Antartick: otherwife, one felf fame thing cannot be faid to be moveable and conftant , but in a diverfe reSped ; even as an Iron- wheel in a Clock , though ftill in motion , vet both in refped of the metalline fohdity, and of the fure faftning to the Axle, it may be faid to be Firm and Unmoveable. If any man bear a reprefentation of the Heavens , in his Coat-Armour , whether the fame have the Chap.If. A Difplay of Heraldry. 77 the likenefs of a Solid or Armil Sphere , they muft be reduced to this head : of this kind did the famous Archimcde chufe for his Device , who before his death , commanded that a Sphere Ihould be engraven on his Sepulchre. And fuch a bearing is honourable for any great Profelfor of Aftronomy, not fuch witlefs Wi- zards and Fortune-tellers as ufually deceive the World with their idle Predictions ; but thofe Noble Spirits , whofe Eagle-eyes fearch out the true Natures , Revolutions , and Proper- ties of thofe Supernal Eifences. The regardful confideration of the Heavens and the Ornaments thereof, together with their certain and orderly motions, fliould mightily move and provoke us to raife up our thoughts, from the love and contemplation of bafe and earthly Objects (_ whereon we ufual- ly dote ) to the admiration of his unfpeaka- ble power and love of his incomprehenfiblc gootinefs , who made fuch a wonderful Archi- tecture ; tirft, to ferve for our ufe in this life ; and afterward , to be our blefled Palace and Manfion in a better life. For though all crea- tures demonftrate the wifdom of their wonder- ful Workmafter , yet the Heavens efpecially declare his glory , and the Firmament his han- dy-work : which made the godly King David to rife out of his Bed m the night, to behold the Heavens , and thereby to call to mind the perverlity of Man , which never keeps the courfe that God prefcribeth , whereas thofe Bodies, though void of fenfe, yet from their firft Creation never faltered in their endlefs journeys. Now fmce I have demonftrated and laid open unto you what a Sphere is , the form , perfection, dignity, property, motion, fub- ftance thereof, and the like , I will now fliew unto you an Example of a Shield, illuftrated with manifold variety of Celeftial Bodies , 8cc. which will be very neceffary and commodious to be inferted in this place. The Field is Or , a Sphere, Azure , beauti- fied and repleniflied will manifold variety of Ce- leftial Bodies, environirjg the Terrcftrial Globe,ajl proper. Thefe were the Oi- naments wherewith the Shield of that famous and valiant Grecian Captain Achilles was il- luftrated and garniihed : Which he caufed to be engraven therein, to the end that the mind of the beholders of them might be raifed thereby to a confiderate contemplation and meditation of the admirable power and wif- dom of the Omnipotent Creator of them : Which duty whofocver performeth, he accom- plifheth the fum and effect of all true Nobility. This Shield did Vnlcan garnifh with variety of Stars of manifold kinds , and added thereto the skilful feats and practifes , as well of Peace as of W ars , and all their rights and offices ; omitting (in a manner) nothing pertaining to the well-governing of the Allemblies and Societies of Men. By this invention did he labour to manifeft unto us , than there is no Shield more power- ful to refill the vehement and violent aflaults of adverfe Fortune ; that for a man to be fur- niflied throughout with the compleat Armour of Cardinal Vertues , fo (hall he be fitted and prepared to fuftain whatfocver brunt or forci- ble encounter fliall alfail them. If we fliall compare this Shield of Achilles, thus garnifhed and fufnifhec) , with manifold varieties of things , both Celeftial and Terre- (trial, with thofe Coat-Armours that confift of Lyons, Griffins, Eagles, and fuch other Animals, or ravenous Creatures, we fhalh.nd that to be more available to chafe away and foil all pailionate perturbations of the mind , occafioned by the concurrence of fome fudden and unexpected danger , than any, or all of thefe together can be; by how much that com ■ prifeth a mixture of calamities and comforts together. For as the Globe of the Earth doth reprefent unto us the dreadful and difmal dan- gers that attend our mortal ftate, by reafon of the manifold mutability of things Sublunary , to the daunting (oftimes ) of the moft v ali- ant : fo contrariwife , the Celeftial forms do reprefent unto us an Antidote or Prefervative againft all dangerous events and accidents, when we call to mind that thofe Celeftial pow- ers , or rather Gods power in them , is able to divert or mitigate in a moment all harmful e- vents and dangers whatfoever , be they never fo deadly. For thefe Celeftial Bodies are Gods mighty andftrong Army, wherewith he often- times difcomfiteth and fubdueth his Enemies, and fuch as feek the fpoil and deftruction of* his chofen people : as we may fee Judges 5;. 20. They fought from heaven, even the Stars in their courfe s fought againft Sifera. The Sun flayed his courfe at the prayer of Jofhua , 10.12. And the Sun abode , and the Moon flood ft ill, until the people avenged themfelves upon their enemies,Verk 13. And there was no day like that before it , nor after it , that the Lord, hearkned to the voice of man , for the Lord fought for Ifrael. And again , Ecclefiaft. 46. 4. Stood not the Sun fill by his means, and one day was as long as two, Verfe 14. By thefe vifible forms we (hould be incited and provoked ( upon their view) to invocate the moft powerful God for his aid and delive- rance , when we find our felves any way diftreffed or befet with perils by the Example of Jqfima : He called unto the moft High Go- vefnour , when the Enemies pretled upon him on every fide , and the mighty Lord heard him , and fought for him with Halftones , and A Difflay of Heraldry. Sed.IIL 78 and with mighty power. So ihould we re- ceive like comfort in all diftreffes , as Jofua did. Thus Ihould their view put us evermore in mind , to raife our thoughts to Godward , and take every occafion to glorifie him , by >in- vocating him for his aid ; and fay With the Kingly Prophet David, 1 lift my eyes to the hills fro?n -whence comet h my help, $c. So ihould we evermore in all diftrelles find the comfort of his ever ready, and never failing promife and providence : For in all things, O Lord, thou haft magnified and glorified thy people, and haft not deJMed to ajjift them in every time and place, Wiftdom 29.21. Thefe kinds of Coat-Armours are fo much more noble and excellent , than thefe that we receive by defcent from our Progenitors ( as remunerations of their vertuous demerits) by how much they have in them if ore of Art , witty Invention, and of efficacy to admonifh and put us in mind to perfift in the performance of our Duties. This manner of adorning of Shields doth Aldrovandus commend above all other gar- nifhings, faying, Nihil eque atque Thilofo- fhia , ab omnibus adverfis tuetur , nihil ejus explicatu aptius eft ad fcutitm exornandum & honeftius. There is nothing that doth fo fafely protect a man againft the damage of adverfe Fortune , as Philofophy doth , nei- ther is there any thing more fit and fcem- ly to beautifie a Shield withal , than the ex- planation thereof. Emblems , Hieroglyphicks, and Enfigns of Noble Families , inafmuch as they do inftruct our eyes unto vertue , they cannot be defaced or blemiflied without great wickednefs : The reafon thereof doth Famefius give in thefe words , Cum virtntum imaginibus tantum de- bemus , quantum mutts preceptoribus : Si il- ia tamen mute dici fofl'unt , que in fdentio omni Dotlrina [nut verbqfiora. Of all the things that are (faith Cicero~) there is nothing in the world that is better , nothing more ex- cellent , nothing more beautiful and glorious to behold, and not only that there is, but that nothing can be thought or imagined to be of more furpafling beauty than the world; where- unto Lip/ins annexeth this addition, examine the univerfality thereof, confider the great and fmall parts thereof, and you fhall find them compofed and compacted in fuch orderly fort , as that they cannot poflibly be bettered for ufe , or more glorious to behold. The confideration whereof moved King "David to break forth in admiration. The Spherical Figure is of all other forms the faireft , the molt capable , and the fim- pleft, and comprehendeth all other forms. In a Spherical Line the end is all one with the beginning , therefore it doth aptly agree with the nobleft and perfected Body, fucli as the Heavens are. There is nothing that more apparently ex- preffeth the Spherical or round form of the Heavens, than doth the Sun by his Circular motion : The Sun, faith Solomon, Ecclef. 1 . y. rifeth and goeth down , and dra-weth to his place where he rifeth. To the mod fimple body, the funpleft mo- tion is due, as alio the funpleft form and fhape. Thofe things are faid to be moved with- out labour , which are moved without any intermiilion or reft , or any appetite or defire of reft ; fuch is the motion of the Heavens, be- caufe they are Circular or Round : in the Cir- cular motion there is no reft at all. That the World is Orbicular or Round , it is manifeft by the infallible teftimony of the Prophet David , Tfalm 89. The heavens are thine , the earth aljo is thine, thou haft laid the foundation of the round -world , and all they that dwell therein , Tfalm 24. 1. The Orbicular form that we obferve to be in Cele- ftial Bodies is to them natural , but accidental to the Elements : according to that faying , Figura Spherica in Caleftibus efSentialiter , in Element is verb accidentaliter. drift. 1. de Coelo. A Star ( which is next to be confidered af- ter the Heaven ) is a permanent and conftant ElTence, and the more condenfator compact- ed part of the Sphere , wherein it is fixed, for the illuminating of Inferiour Bodies : for albeit it be an ufual diftinction , that of Stars fome are fixed , and fome are planetary or wandring , yet they are indeed all fixed alike, and fetled in one certain part of the Sphere , but in refpect of our eye, and in reference of their motions one of another , they have a di- verfe afpect, and fo have gotten a diverfe name. It is hoklen that the fixed Stars are difcerned by their fparkling or twinckling , by reafon that our fight being bound as it were by the forciblenefsof their rcfplendent rays, our eyes do become wavering and trembling in be- holding them ; and for this caufe ought all Stars to be made with their rays or points wa- ved, as in Example. He beareth Sable, a Star, Argent , by the Name of Ingle by. If this Star were born Or , which is his pro- per Colour , it would add much more grace unto it , efpecially in regard of the Azury Field, the .proper Co- lour of the Heavens, wherein Stars have their natural Manfion. For a Star, faith Famefius, is a Myftical Character , or Figure of God, to whom all Worihip and Religion doth proper- ly appertain; for like as Stars are called in La- tin Stelle , a Stando, becaufe they be ever- more fixed in the Firmament : fo there is no- thing Chap II. A Difplay of Heraldry. 79 thing more conilant or of more perpetuity than God, whofc facred Will is the regular di- rection of all things whatfoever ; and there- fore may it be faid not unfitly, that they figni- rie God and Religion, or otherwife fome e- minent quality foining above the ruder fort of men , as a Star in the obfeurity of the night. Now the chiefeft , but not the fole end,of the Creation of Stars, was not alone to give light, and with their influence to be a/lifting to the' Sun and Moon , in their procreation, producti- on, and fructification of the Seeds, Sets,Plants, and Herbs committed to the Earth ; but alfo to the defignation and foreihewing of times and feafons , like as the Sun and Moon were, as lhall be ihewed in place convenient hereaf- ter. As for Example ; The rifmg of the Star ArBarus , placed near to the Bear , called Vrja Major, or the greater Bear, denoteth unto us the prefence of the Spring. This Star Iheweth it felf after B the expirati- on of January and February , as a manifeft note of the beginning of the Spring, when the Sun entreth the (Ign of Aries. The riling of the Pleiades or feven Stars doth demonftrate unto us that the Harvelt Seafon is at hand ; and fo forth of others. We may read hereof Job 38. where he fpeaketh of the influence of thefe and of other Stars, j \ The molt part of all the Stars are , as it were, pubhlhers and prockimers to adjno- nilh us what we ought to do in each lcafon concerning the things terving for the ufe of this prefent life. Stars are Gods Inflruments whereby he worketh the effects of his Providence in thefe Infenour Bodies; Inftrumento autem utitur Artifex pro [no Arbitrio ■ An Artificer ufeth his Tool at his pleafure, and to ferve his will. In vain therefore are the predictions of them that take upon them to foretell of things con- tingent , and that lhall come to pafs in future time ; and will confidently affirm what good or evil fortune lhall befall a man : AtrnngThot is only known to the fecretwill of God , and refteth in his Divine Prpvidence to difpof- thereof at his good pleafure ; as apmsJeth Trov. 10. 2.4. A r s n t0 , the number of points whereof a Star conlilteth, we mult obferwe, they mult nevfer be fewer than fix; but when the fame is form- ed ol more, then mull you in blazoning of them exprefs their certain number': forfome- times you lhall find a Star formed of Six- teen points, as in this next Example lhall appear. r He beareth Azure, a Star of fixteen points , by theName ot'Huitfo;,, and is the Coat- Armour of John Hnitfou of C/eaf- by in the County of Tork , Efq; one of the Captains of the CauU- ftrem Regiment of Foot Guards to his Majefly K. Charles the Second. He beareth Argent i a Star of fixteen points, Gules, by the Name of Tlelahay. The Field of a Coat-Armour(as fome men do hold) being Ar- gent or White, doth fignifia Literature, and the Charge furmounting the fame being Gules or Red, which is an Imperial Colour , and is lometimes fer Synecdoche,! , taken f as the thing fignined ) for the fign it felf that is thereby reprefented : And white , bcin^ a token of Juftice (is in fuch a Cafe ) iur- mountedof Red, which is proper to Forti- tude , betokeneth.as they do conceit it, Learn- ing, which giveth place to Arms; and not Arms to Learning. This did the Poets fecret- ly exprefs , when they preferred T alias to be the Governefs of Learning; and Mars be- ing a man, to the managing of Martial affairs • whom they would have to receive the deno- mination of Mars, A magmtudine Artis The excellency of the S^tars is highly com- mended, EccleJ.^.g. where fpeaking of the glorious beauty of their Order and Conflellati- ons it isfaid, That it is a Camp pitched on high llnning in the Firmament of Heaven [be beauty of the Heavens are the glorious Atars and the Ornament that Jfmietl tn the high places of the Lord. By the command- ment of the holy One they continue in their or- der, and fail not in their -watch. And the particular JW, ( fi lit h David j God calleih by their name s ; as likewife doth patient Job remember the titles of feveral Conftellati- ons. Stars are fometimes found pierced,and other whiles charged; for the difference of which two forms of bearing, you have had a Rule formerly delivered. Moreover , it is a Rule infallible, That the piercing of Stars mull be evermore round ; for the piercing fquare and Lofenge-ways , are repugnant to the nature of Stars. Here I will give you a general Obfer- vation touching bearing of Ordinaries and common Charges together. That 8o A Difflay of Heraldry. That in the mat bearing of ) Ordinaries and Common Charg- f In , upon, es together.all Common Charg-' or with esmaybe, and are born ) •Chief, Pale, Bend, ■ Fefs, Chevron, i Barr, I Gyron, ' Crofs, I Saltire, jOrle, ' or one Common Charge, in, upon, \ or with another. This General Rule I have thought good o fet down in this place , here being my b& en- trance into the handling of c ° m XSS and where their mixt bearing w t h O d inaucs is firft mentioned, to the end that the lam. may ferve as the (tern of a Ship to direct 3 our Srftanding, touching fuch mterpofe bca - incr of any ot the common Charges With Or- dmar es • - becaufe I labour to (bun all idle itera- ^s^ndmuhiplicit^of^^e^^m- tions auu iuu^h-v 1 : , , — r anA pies , tending to one and the fame end. Form of bearing (hall you find d^perfedly yet not confufedly , exemplified in this Work tl a will Rive approbation to the generality ot this n ^ which doth not warrant this torm of bearing alone fa tfefe, but :.jMb .V*«$W all other Coat-Armours ot like kind. Ot thele f vcral forms of bearing, I have chofen fome particular Examples , as w thefe next Ef- Lrheons, and others,lhaU follow m their pro- per places. He beareth Sable, a Star of eight points , between twoFlanches, Ermyn , on a Canton, Argent,a Sinifter hand, I couped at the Wrift , Gules. This is the Coat-Armour of Sir John Hobart of Blick- 'inge in the County of Norfolk, Knight and Baronet, Heir-male to Sir Z ftferfbigbt and Baronet, Chief Ju- ftice of the Common Tleas , who was defend- ed from the fecond Son of Sir James Hobart ot Uales-ha.il fa the faid County, Attorney Ge- neral to Ring Henry the Seventh. Stars are, "umbred amongft the Hoft of Heaven for that it pleafeth CocTfometimes to execute his Ven- geance upon the wicked, with no lefs dreadful def ruction by them than by numerous and mi- litant Armies , as appeared! by the place of Scripture by me formerly cited J*4#*-. As touching the colour of Stars , I hold it fufficient to name them only when they be born proper- ly and in their natural colour , which is Or ; but if they be of any other colour , then the fame muft'be named. As for the Canton thus cha'-ged, it being an augmentation or remu- neration given by our late Dread Soyeraign Kin°- James , to fuch as his Majefty advanced to the Dignity of Baronet ( it being an Or- der and Degree by him erected,)One of which number was Sir Henry Hobart Knight and Baronet, and late Lord Chief Juftice of the Court of Common Tleas , Father to this Sir John Hobart. I lhall have better occafion to fpeali thereof in the fixth Section, and fecond Chapter When I come to treat ot fuch Ar- morial Signs, as by the Soveraigns favour are fometimes afligned for Augmentations. He beareth Ermyn, on a Chief indented , Gules, three Stars , by /WiVVVi^ the Name of Ej'cotirte. 1 , * • When you find any Ordinary charged upon the Field ( having no other Charge, as in this Example ) you muft reckon their Charging to be a Dignity unto them , forafmuch as they are deemed to be thereby greatly ho- noured. In regard whereof they are called Honourable Ordinaries. Like as this Chief is Charged , fo fliafl you f .nd the Bend, Chevron, Fefs, Saltire, Barr , and all other the before- mentioned Ordinaries , charged upon, as be- fore we obferved , and hereafter lhall ap- pear. He beareth Gules , three Stars, a Canton, Ermyn, by the Name of Leverton. Here I do name three Stars , as if the Canton were away , as well to the end that the manner of their pofition may be perfectly underftood by fuch Blazon ; as alfo to lhew that the Can- ton doth not rebate the Star in the Dexter point , but only doth furmount the fame. He Chap. II. A Difylay of Heraldry. He beareth Gules , an Efcocheon, Argent, between eight Stars in Orle. This Coat was born by Sir John Cham- ber 'lain of Trieftbury, in the County of Glo- cefter , Knight ; and is now born by John Chamberlain of Mau- gersbury ; and by Thomas Chamberlain of Od- dington, both of the faid County, Efquires. Thefe Stars are faid to be born in Orle,or Orle- ways ; but they cannot be properly faid to be an Orle of Stars, becaufe they have no con- nexion to fatten them together , but are born feverally and apart one from another. 4 He beareth Azure, ten Stars, four, three, two, and one, Or.by the name of Alftone. This, with the Arms of Vlfter , is the bearing of Sir Tho- mas Alftoue of Ode 11 in Bedfordfloire , Knight and Baronet , and of Sir John his Brother,Knight: As alfo of that Eminent Phyfician Dr. Edward Alftone. The Field is Dia- mond, a Fefs wavy be- tween the two Pole Stars , Artick and An- tartick, Pearl. Such was the worth of this molt generous and re- nowned Knight , Sir Francis Drake , fome- time of Tlymouth, as that his merits do require that his Coat-Ar- mour iliould be exprelfed in that feleded man- ner of Blazoning , that is fitting to Noble Per- fonages, in refpect: of his noble Courage and high Attempts atchieved, whereby he meri- ted to be reckoned the Honour of our Nation and of Naval Profeffion ; inafmuch as he cut- ting thorow the Magellamck Straits, Juno Domini 15-77. within the compafs of three years he encompaffed the whole World ; whereof his Ship, laid up in a Dock near Dejitford , will long time remain , as a molt worthy Monument. Of thefe his Travels a Poet hath thus fung : Drake, fererrati novit quern terminus or bis, Quemcjue feme I Mundi vidituterque Tolas. Sitaceant homines, facient te Sydera notum, Sol nefcit comitis non memorejfe Jut. The worlds furveyed bounds, brave Drake, on thee did gaze, Both North and Southern Toles have feen thy manly face ; If t hankie (s men conceal, thy fraife the Stars Will blaze, The Sun his Fellow-travellers worth wiU duly grace. This Coat, with the Arms of Vlfter, is now born by his defcendant, Sir Francis Drake of B tick land Mouachorum.m Ttevonjbire , Baro- net. He beareth Argent , a Fefs between three Stars , Gules , by the Name of Everard. The three Stars ex- prelfed in this Efcoche- on, may put us in mind of that threefold path of Religious palfage un- to the hea.vcn]yCanaan, viz. Moderation and Sobriety towards our felves, Piety towards God, and Juftice towards men. The Stars may fignifie unto us a hopeful fuccefs and happy event, in the turbulent time of tempeituous Haws and turmoils of this prelentlife. Like as in the Winter feafon the Stars fliine more clear and refplendent than in the Summer time ; even fo is the glory and vertue of a ge- nerous and magnanimous fpirit more evident- ly difcerned in a mattered and broken eltate , than in profperity. Whenfoever there is a feparation of com- mon Charges born in Coat-Armours,by reafon of the Interpofition of fome of the before mentioned Ordinaries, then are they not term- ed Ordinaries , but molt worthy Partitions; and they are fuch ( faith Leigh ) as though the common Charge annexed do occupy more than one point of the Efcocheon , yet every of them is in as great effect: as though it were one only thing, by the reafon of Sovereignty of the fame Partition interpofed. Thus I have given you a talte of the parti- cular and variable manner of bearing ot Or- dinaries commixt with common Charges, ac- cording to the General Rule formerly givom As for Example , that common Charges are born with Ordinaries , you may fee in the firft and third of thefe fix Efcocheons: That they be born upon Ordinaries, it is manifelt by the fecond Efcocheon : That they are parted by Ordinaries interpofed between them , it ap- peareth by thefe kit Efcocheons : That they are born in form of Ordinaries , or Ordinary* ways, it is clear by the fourth Efcocneon. Note, that albeit I have here fet 'low:! but one Example of each of thefe particular forms of N bear- 82 _ bel^mZy^Ay^ hold that in every of thefe leveral forts there are divers other pard? rular kmds of compose* of Coat-Armou s, asfhail appear hereafter at large unto . the dili- gent Ob/erver. Furthermore,vvhereasI h av e livea onlv iWo Examples of common Charges gorn with Ordinaries, one Example of Ordi- naries charged upon, one pofed, and one of common Charges boin O.- Lary-ways, or in form ot Ordinaries ; you muft understand by the nrft fort, ~? Charges whatfoever, born with a Pale bend, Fefs, "Chevron, or any other ot the Ordmar.es before-named in any fort by the fecond : ad forts of Ordinaries charged upon with any kind of common Charge: by the third, an in- terpofition of whatfoever fort of Ordinary be- rwten common Charges. Laftly.by the fourth, you muft underftand all forts of common Charges born in form, or after the manner ot a Crofs SaW re, Pale, Bend.Fefs.or of any other of the faid Ordinaries. Thefe have I here handled briefly, becaufe I muft of nece/iity deal more copioufly in each particular of them m places better fitting thereunto. A~Diftl*y of Heraldry. Sea. 111. CHAP. in. THus far of fuch Stars which we called fixed : Now of thofe Planets whofe , fliapes are of moft ufe in Heraldry ; I mean thofe two glorious Lights, the one for the Day , the other for the Night : for, as for the other fiveTlanets , becaufe their afpecl is lefs to the view, therefore they cannot eafily admit a different form from the fixed Stars. The Sun is the very fountain ot Light, and ( as fome Philofophers think ) ot Heat ajfoj and all the fplendor which the Moon hath, itborroweth from the Sun , and therefore as the Sun goeth farther off, or nearer to her, fo her light doth increafeor diminifli. And be- tween both thefe and the Stars there is a great conformity, in refpedf. of their fparkling and refplendent beams , which are in appearance more evident, and in operation more effedual, or at leaft more palpably difcerned in thefe , by reafon of their nearnefs unto us , than of thofe that are from us fo far remote. But here- in they are unlike , that the beautiful and blazing brightnefs of thefe is oftentimes fob- bed to the paifion of darkning or eclipfmg. Of whofe glittering , eclipfing , and variety of forms , we have bearing, thefe and other like Examples following. He beareth Azure, a Sun in his glory, by the Name of S. Cleerc. To exprefs the Colour of the Sun, being thus born, I hold it needlefs; tor who knoweth not that the chiefeft glory and higheft commenda- tion that may be given to the Sun doth confift in this , that he is beau- tified with the brightnefs ot his proper beams: which cannot be better exprelied than by the Colour Gold , or Gold-yellow. But if it be born of any other than this , which is his na- tural colour , then muft the fame be exprefly mentioned, as m due place fliall appear. The Sun is called in Latin Sol , according to fome Authors, Vel quia Joins ex omnibus Jldert- bus ffi tantus , vel quia cum eft exortus ot- fcural'is aliu folus affaret: for that only he is "fo great, or for that when he is rifen, he io darknethallthe reft with his fplendor, as that he alone appeareth in Heaven, as a Monarch in his Kingdom. Of the glory and excellency of the Sun, it is faid, Eccluf. 4,2. 16. The Sun that fhiueth, hoketh on all things, and all the wfirks thereof are full of the glory of the Lord. And again, Eccluf. 43. 2. The Sun aljo a marvelous infirumeut , when he affearcth declareth at his going out the Ivor kef the moft High. At Noon it burnetii the Country, and who may abide the heat thereof. Verfej. The Sun burnetii the Mountains! three times more than he that keefcth a Furnace with continual heat. It cadet h out the firry vapours, and with the pining beams blindeth the eyes. Great is the Lord that made it, and by his command- ment he caujeth it to run haply. And if we confider how many foggy rrufts it dilpelleth how manynoifome vapours k confumeth, and how all Creatures are overcome with the heat thereof, we fliall find that Kins David did very aptly compare it to a Giant (tor ftrength) refreflied with wine, (for the heat) to run his courfe, for his fwift motion. He beareth Gules, a Chief, Argent, on the lower part thereof a Cloud , the Suns re- fplendent Rays there- out ilTuing, Proper, by the Name of Lejone in Northamftovfljire. The formerExample where- in the Sun is born, doth reprefent a vifible form of a corporeal fhape of a Body, from which thefe Rays or Beams here demonftrated may be apparently feen to iffue; And thefe are as it were ftrained through a Cloud. Sometime one Ray or Beam of this glo- Chap. 1 11. A Dtfplay of Heraldry. 8* glorious Planet is born in Coat- Armour , with- out any other Charge, as in this next Exam- ple. He beareth Azure , one Ray of" the Sun , itfuing out of the Dex- ter corner of the Efco- cheon Bend-ways , pro- per , by the Name of AUdm. Here I do not in the Blazon make any mention of the three points or lines which are on either fide of the Ray , for in Nature they have no Elfence, but proceed from the weak- nel's of the Eye, which is not able to behold fo glorious an object as the Sun. He beareth Or , a Sun eclipfed, Sable. If this Colour were not accidental in refpecl of the eclipfe of the Sun, the fame fliould not have been named. The Suns eclipfe is occafion- ed by the Interpofition of the Moon, which though it be far lefs in quantity , yet coming betwixt us and the Body of the Sun, it doth di- vert the Beams thereof, and debarretli us of the fight of them , even as the interpofition of our hand, or any other fmall body, before our eyes , doth debar us from the fight of fome greater Mountain. For to think that the Sun doth lofe his light by the Eclipfe, as doth a Candle being extinct , proceedeth out of meer ruflick ignorance : as the like error is in thofe who think the Sun lofeth his light, orgoeth to Bed every night, whereas it doth only remove it felf from our Horizon, to enlighten other Countries fituated in other parts ot the world. As was well exprelfed by Secundum the Phi- lofopher , who being demanded by Adrian the Emperour what the Sun u as , taking his Table in hand, wrote in this manner; Sol eft Cali oculus, ealoris ctrcv.ittis, fplendorjiue oc- cajii , diet ornatus , horarism diftributor : It is the eye of Heaven , the circuit of heat, a Ihming without decay , the days ornamcnt,the hours diftributor. The mod miraculous E- clipfe of the Sun that ever was,happened then when the Sun of Righteoufnefs, the Son of God , was on the Crofs , when all the Eartht was fo benighted at Noon-day , that T)ioni fins'. Atrvpagita a Heathen Athenian, cryed out, Ei ther the World was at an end, or the Maker of it wasfuffi ring fome great ^oKy.Thc Stars and Planets hitherto fpoken of do "Urine alike, or after one manner. Now others there are which fliine after a divers fort : fuch are the Moon and Comets,which we call Blazing Stars. Neither are we ignorant,that in proper fpeech, and truth of Philofophy,' Comets are not Stars, but Meteors : yet the Vulgar Opinion, and the received name and fhape ufed in Heraldry,may warrant me for thus ranking them amongll the Stars. But as touching the Moon , her Light is meerly reflective , as the brightnefs of a Looldng-glafs againft the Sun ; and in re- fpeci that her Jubilance is very unequal , as in fome parts of thicker fubitance , and in fome parts thinner, therefore me is unequally en- lightned by the Sun-beams, which maketh the weak eye , and weaker judgment, to fancy a face of a man in the Moon : whence we have gotten the faihion of rcprefenting the Moon with a face. But why the Sun ihould have the like, I wot not; unlefs it be that he fliould not be out-faced by the Moon, being his inferiour. The molt wile and provident God before the Creation of his other works , did firft create the Light, to teach man to lay the firft foundation of all his actions in the lig'ht of true knowledge , thereby to direct his ways aright , and that his doings be not reproved as works of darknefs : elpecially fince God would not fuffer the Night it felf to be fo wrapt in darknefs , but that the Moon and Stars fhould fomewhat illuminate it. And according to the divers apparitions of the Moon , hath flie her divers denominations in Heraldry ; as her Increment, in her increafe ; her Complement, when flie is at full ; her De- crement, in her waning ; and her Detriment in her Change and Eclipfe. And according to thefe varieties , is flie alfo diverfiy born in Coat-Armour , as the Examples following will fliew. He beareth Cules , an Increlfant, Or, by the Name of Dejcus. This is the ftate of the Moon from her en- trance into her firft Quarter, which is moft ufually the feventh day after the Change, unto her full. In which time more and more illuminated , until (he hath filled her Circle. This word Increlfant figniheththe Moons Increment, or increafin°- ettate ; and it ma)' fitly reprefent the riling Fortunes of iome hopeful Spark , illightned and honoured by the gracious afpect and beams of his Soveraign , who is the bright Sun and Fountain of all the Light of glorious Nobility, and may confer the Rays of his Grace on whom it belt pleafeth him. N He 8 4 A Difflay of Heraldry. Sea. HI. He beareth Ermyn , threelncrelfants, Gules. This Coat pertained to the Family of the Syinmes of Davenlrce, in the County of Nor- thampton. He beareth Azure, a Moon in her Comple- ment (which is as much as to fay, the Moon ll- luflratecl with her lull light) Proper. Here you need not to name the Colour of the Moon for the Reafon before delivered in the lirft Ex ample of the Sun. The proper Colour of the Moon we in Heraldry take to be Argent , both for the weaknefs of the light.and alio for dift m- ciion betwixt the Blazoning of it and the Sun : and therefore when we Blazon by Planets , we name Cold Sol , and Silver Luna. Concern- ing the ufe of the Moon , itisfaid, Ecclej.^. 6. The Moon alfo hath he made to appear ac- cording to her feafon, that it flmdd be a de- claration oftheTime,and afign for the World, Verfe 7. The Feafts are anointed by the Moon, the light thereof diminijljetb unto 1 he end, Verfe 8 . The Moon a called after the name thereof, andgrowetb wonderful in her changing. The Moon is the Miftrefs by which all moift, mutable, and unconftant things are ruled; asMuher, Mare, Flumina, Fontes ; a Woman, and the Sea, Rivers and F ountains ; the ebbing and flowing of the Sea following the motions of the Moon. He beareth Azure, a Moon decreffant, Pro- per, by the Name of Delaluna. This is the ftate of the Waning Moon , when flie de- clineth from her Full, and draweth to her laft Quarter , which i's accomplished moft commonly the feventh day after Hie hath at- tained the Full , and receiveth a diminution of her light , to the waiting of the one half thereof; and from the faid feventh day after her Full , fhe diminilheth continually more and more , until Ihe become again (as many honeft men are) corniculata , iharp-homed , and fufiereth continually diminution unto the inftant of her Change ; and differeth from her prime ftate after the Change, only in this, that the lirft ( reprefented by the firft of thefe Ex- amples ) is turned to the right hand of the Efcocheon , and this other to the left. And hitherto 1 have propofed Examples of her na- tural afpeefs , you lhall now fee her accidental form ; as in Example. He beareth Argent, a Moon in her detriment , or Eel iple, Sable. The Moon is Eclipfed only at filth time as ihe is at her full ftate , and dia- metrically oppoiite unto the Sun ; when by in- terpofition of the Earth between them,lhe feem- eth to our fight , for the time, to be deprived of her light, through the ihadow of the grofs body of the earth. This is a paffive form of the Moon; and fuch her Paiiions are called in Latin , Lahore s Luna , the throws' or pangs of the Moon. In former time the old Ger- mans thought the Moon was in a Trance, and ufed to fhout and make a noife with Batons, to wake her : Or elfe they fuppofed Ihe was angry with them , and therefore they howled till ihe locked chearfully on them again. Of this mutable ftate of the Moon , thus writeth the Poet : Nec far ant eadem noc~lurn£ forma Diana, Effepotcft ufquamftmper hodierua fequente: Dame Cynthia imitates the Dames of our Nation ; Every day /he attires her felf in a new fajfj/on. Which occafioncd a witty Moral related by Tlutarch f as I think ) how on a time the Moon fent for a Tavlor to make her a Gown, but he could never "fit her, for it was either too little, or too big for her; which was not the Taylors fault, but her own inconftancy: fo impoilibleathingitistofitthe humours of one that is fickle and unliable. Sometimes you fhall find all thefe feveral kinds of Lights before exprclled , born toge- ther in one Efcocheon ; as in Example. He beareth Azure, the Sun, the Full Moon, and the Seven Stars, Or, the two firft in Chief, and the laft of Orbicular form in bafe. . , v r ■ ; It is faid that this Coat- \ 'WW'y?' / Armour pertained to \*yt~jU -Zfc/ Johannes de Fontibus, flxth Bilhop of Ely; ■who had that ( after a fort ) in his Efcocheon , which Jofeph had in his Dream, Gen. 57. 9. where the Sun, Moon, and eleven Stars did do him reverence ; iigni- fyiog Chan. ill. A Difflay of Heraldry. 85 fjihlg his Farher, Motherland eleven Brethren. For as in Scripture, fo in Heathenilh Devo- tions alio , the Sun and Moon were account- ed the Male and Female , and lbmetimes Man and Wife ; and as the Moon hath all her light from the Sun , fo hath the Wife from the Husband; and as the Moon is ever lighter on that fide which looks towards the Sun , fo ihould the Wife ftudy to be fairell in her Huf- bands eye. And many Wives in their Huf- bands abfence do truly imitate the Moon in this , that they are lighteft when their Sun is tarthell from them. Howfoever this marriage betwixt Sun and Moon was made up, it is cer- tain that once the Banes were forbidden ; as appeareth by one, who fpeaking of Queen M.iries days, and of her _ Marriage, relateth, how when the Sun went firft a woing to the Lady Moon , all Nations (efpecially thofe of hot Countries) preferred a Petition to Jupiter, to hinder the Nuptials , allcdging, that there then being but one Sun , yet he fcorched and burned all , but if he ihould marry , and get other Suns , the heat would fo increafe , as all muft needs pei ifh: whereupon Jupiter ftayed the- match ior that time , or at leaft , was fo propitious, that no ilTue came of the conjun- ction of thofe fiery flames. The feveral (fates of the Moon increafing and decreafing before handled , are now very rare in bearings , and in manner antiquated : inafmuch as in thefe days, not only their ihapes , but their very names alfo are extinct , and inftead of them we have another new coyned form, having neither the name , lfiape , nor yet fo much as the ihadow of the former remaining , as may- be feen in the nextEfcocheon. He beareth Azure, a Creifant , Ardent , by the Name of Lttey, and is born by Lucas Lucy of the City of Loudon, Merchant. Argent, three Creilants, Gules,by the Name of Butuillam of Northampton/Lire. At this day we take no notice of any other form , ei- ther of the increafing or decreafing Moon, but only of this depraved iTiape , which corrupt Cuilom hath raihly hatched , as a form much differing from thofe before exemplified , if not meerly repugnant to nature. The Patricians of Rome ufed to wear the Badge of the Moon on their ihoes : as thefe Creflants are , fome- times the fole Charge of the Field, as in this Efcocheon , fo they are born upon , and be- tween the honourable Ordinaries , as in thefe Examples following. He beareth Azure , three Creilants , Or , by the Name of Rider, and is the Coat-Ar- mour of Thomas Rider of Bednal-Green in Middlesex, Efcj; Son and Heir of Sir Willi- am Rider of the faid place, Kt. deceafed. Gules, three CrelTants, Or, by the Name of MunningsjaA is born by William Mannings of Waldarjhire in Kent, Efquire. \ "4 4 k He beareth Sable , a Fefs, F.rmyn , between three Creilants, Or, by the Name of Coventry , and is the Paternal Coat Armour of the Right Honourable Hen- ry Coventry Efquire, his Majefties Principal Se- cretary of State, fon to the Right Honourable Thomas Lord Coventry , Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England , Tempore Caroli Tri- mi.' He beareth Azure,' a Fefs Nebule , between three CrenVirs, Er- myn , by the Name of Weld , and is the Pa- ternal Coat-Armour of Humphrey Weld of Lulworth - Cajtle in DorfetJJjire , Efquire , Governour of his Ma- jeures Hie and Caltlcs of Tort land inA Sand sf cot ; lineally defend- ed from Edrick Sylvaticus , alias Wild ( a Saxon of great Renown in the Reigns of King Harold and William the Conquerour ) whofe Father Alfrick was Brother to Edrick of Stratton, Duke of Mercia. He beareth Sable , a Chevron between 3 Creflants , Or, by the Name of Talmer, and with the Anns of Vl- fter , is the Coat- Ar- mour of Sir Lewis Talmer of Carleton in NortbamptcnJJjire, Ba- ronet, fon and heir of Sir Geffrey Talmer of the faid Place , Knight and Baronet, deceafed, late Attorney General to his Majefly King Charles the Second. Sa- 8<$ A Dijflay of Heraldry. Sea. nr. Sable, a Chevron Er- niyn between three Cretfants , Argent , by the Name of Glover , and is born by Mr. Tho- mas Glover of the Ci- tv of London , Mer- chant. He beareth Sable, a Chevron between two Cretfants in Chief, and a Trefoil flipped in bafe,Or, by the Name of Wtfierne , and is born by Thomas We- Slerue of the City of London, Gent. He beareth Or, on a Chief indented, Sable, three Creffants, Argent, by the Name of Har- vey, a Family of good eminency, and is now born by Harvey of Comb-Nevil in Sur- rey, Efq; Son and Heir of Sir Daniel Harvey of the faid place Knight. deceafed , late Ambaffadour for his Majefty King Charles the Second , to the Grand Seig- niour. He beareth Argent, on a Chief, Vert, three Creffants of the Field, by the Name of Symp- lon, and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of John Symplon of the Inner- Temple, London, Efq; Judge of the Sheriffs Court for the Toultrey Compter in Guild-hall, London, defcended from the ancient Family of the Symp\ons of the North. He beareth Argent, a Chevron between three Creffants, Ar- gent, on a Canton, Sa- ble , a Dove with an Olive Branch in her Bill, all Proper, by the Name of Walker, and is born by Thomas Wal- ker of the Inner Tem- ple, London, Efquire , (fometime Comptroller of the faid Society) Son of Thomas Walker of War-wckfhire , Efq; who was defcended from an ancient Family in the County of Leicefler by his Mother from Sjr Thomas Chamberlain oiTrejlbury in Gloceftcr- flu>-e,Kt. who was Ambaffadour to King Hen- ry the Seventh, and Eighth, Edward the Sixth, and Queen Mary ; and he was the firft that brought Coaches into England: which Family is defcended from Count Tanlerville in Normandy. The faid Thomas Waller, the Bearer hereof , is now married to Elizabeth Games , Daughter and Coheir of Hoo Games of Newton in Brecknockfliire, Efq; who is de- fcended from Sir David Gam , who was im- ployedbyKing Henry the Fifth to view the French Army before the Battel of Agincourt , who brought word to the King, That there ■were enough to kill, enough to runaway , and enough to be taken Trifoners : which fucceed- cd accordingly. Sir Walter Raleigh , in his Hifiorv of the World, makes mention of this Story , and compares him to Mago,Hannibals Brother. In the faid Expedition , the faid Sir David took the Duke of Nevers Prifoner ; for which good Service he had his Arms given him, and was made a Knight Banneret in the Field : This Story Dreyden, in his Hiftory of the Battel of Agincourt , treats of at large. From Gladdice de Gam , Daughter of Sir David Gam , arc defcended the prefent Mar- quis of Worcefier , and the Earl of Pembroke, with feveral other of the Nobility. The Fa- mily of the Gams is defcended from Tewdor the great King of South-wales , where the faid Family is of that repute, that thofe that marry into them do frequently affume for their Chriilian Name their Surname, via. Gam, or Games. He beareth Or, three Stars ilfuant out of as many Creffants, Cules, by the Name of Bate- man, and is born by Mr. Matthew Bateman of the City of Zo«aW,one of the Members of the Eafl-India Company. He beareth Or, on a Fcfs indented , Azure , three Stars , Argent , a Canton of the lecond , charged with a Sun in his Glory, by the Name of Thompfou, and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Wil- liam Thomplon of the City of London, Knight: and by John Thompfon of HaverJIiam in Buck- inghantjbire, Efquire. He i Chap IV. A Difplay of Heraldry. 87 Hebeareth Azure, a Creffant, Argent, with- in an Orle of Mullets pierced, Or, a Bordure of the laft, by the Name of Burton, and with a due difference is born by Thomas Burton of the City of London, Efq. He beareth Ermyn, on a Chief, Sable, three Crelfants, Or, by the Name of Trefton of Suffolk , as appeareth in divers ancient Books remaining in the Office of Arms. Concerning the Chief and Furs de- monftrated in thisCoat- Armour, I have elfewhere at large fpoken of them in their proper places. The other fort of Stars , that do fhine after a diverfe fort, are thofe that we call Comets or Blazing Stars , whofe Form is commonly as in this next Efcocheon is reprefented. Hebeareth Azure, a Blazing Star.or Comet, dreaming in Bend, pro- per. The Coinet is not of an Orbicular fhape, as other the Ce- leftial Natures are ; but doth protract his light in length like to a Beard , or rather di- late it in the midft like a hairy bufh, and grow- ing thence Taper-wife , after the manner of a Fox-tayl ; and it doth contract his fubftance or matter from a flimy Exhalation , and hath not his being from the Creation : neither is it numbred amongft the things Natural menti- oned in the Hiftory of Genefis, but is Aliquid fneter natttram ; and yet placed with the hea- venly Bodies, becaufe they feem to us to be of that kind. They are fuppofed to prognofli- cate dreadful and horrible events of things to come : Whereupon Litcau faith , Jgnota obfcura viderunt Sidera nobles, Ardent emq; polum fiammk, caloque volantes Obliquas fer inane faces, erinemque timendi SiderisfS terruminitantemRegna Comet am. In [able nights new Stars of uncouth fight, And fearful flames all ore the Heavens ap- pear, With pen Drakes , and Blazing-bearded- H hich fright the World, and Kingdoms threat ivith fear. CHAP. IV. SO much of the firft Member of the Diftri- bution before delivered , viz. of Con- ftant Eifences , which are only thofe Celeftial Creatures , which being void of this corrupt mixture that is found in all Crea- tures Sublunary, have a priviledge by Divine appointment from the mutability whereto all things under the Moon are fub;ect. Now come we to that other Member thereof, namely , fuch as are Inconftant Natures , fo far forth as there is ufe of them in Arms. Inconftant Na- tures are bodily Ellences offmail continuance by reafonof their ignoble or bafe fubftance; fuch are the four Elements, vt z. Fire, Air, Wa- ter, and Earth. FireJFmters treafure: Water, Samers pleafure. But the Earth and Air, none can ever [pare. Elements are nmple Eifences of fmall ftabi- lity, and the womb of all mixt things (as Scri- iomus noteth) and according to fome Authors called Elementa ab alendo , of nouriihing : but Saint Hierom aWcth Elementa, quafi Eleva- menta , for their proportionable mixture in the compofition of the Bodies Sublunar , whereby they are made fit for Motion : Of thefe Ele- ments thefe Examples next following having a reprefentation. He beareth Argent , feven Firebrands Flam- mant and Scintillant , proper. Some Writers do affirm that none of the Mechanical Trades were found out by men before they had fire , which being at the laft obtained, and the ufe thereof known , from thenceforth were produced all manner of Arts behoveful for mans ufe, and through affiftance of Fire, they did daily put in pradtife fome new invention and experimental proof, where- by they attained their perfection of skill. Yet if we weigh the manifold mifchiefs that fome- times come by Fire, we might doubt, whether the good or the hurt thereby infuing be great- er. For both F ire and Water are good Ser- vants, but unruly Matters. Fire in the Scriptures is often taken for a fpecial token of Gods favour , and that he is pleafed with the Sacrilices that are done unto him ; as when he anfwereth ( as it were by Fire) like as we read Judges 6. 21. Then the Angel of the Lord put out the end of hit ftaff that he held in his hand , and touched the flejlj and unlevened bread , and there arofe up Fire out of the /tones, and confumed the flejlj and un- levened bread, &c. And as when Eliah con- tended with the Prophets of Baal , touching the 88 the manifeftationof the true God : Then the fire of the Lord fell, and ' con fumed the Burnt- ■ offerings , and. t he wood, and the (tones, and \ the dtfR , and licked up the water that was in the trench, i Kings 18.38. Andagaffl,^« Solomon had made an end of fraying , rim came down from Heaven and conjumed the Burnt-offerings, and the Sacrifices, and the glory of 'the lord filed the Honje , z Chron. 7. 1. He beareth Argent, a Chevron, Sable , be- tween three flames of Fire,proper.This Coat ilandcth in the Church of Barkley in the County of Glocefter , in a Window on the South fide of the fame. The Chevron being C as we before have faid) a memorial and to- ken of Building, it may feem the Heralds were not welladvifed to put flames of Hre fo near it: but it is no inforced conjecture , to fuppofe that this Coat-Armour was firft given to him who had reftored fome publick Edifice, which Fire had confumed. This next enfuing hath alfo a refemblance with it. He beareth Argent, a Chevron voided, Azure, between three flames of Fire,proper,by the name of Wells. Many Coat- Armours feem to allude to the Bearers Name , but furely this is not fo ; this hot Eliment having little affinity with that watry Manfion. Fire betokeneth Zeal, and every Sacrifice was of- fered with Fire , to flievv with what Zeal we fliould burn , that come to offer Prayer or Praife, and thanks to the Lord. The Holy Ghoft alfo defended upon the Apoftles in fire, to fliew the fervency of them upon whom it refted. But as here this painted fire yields lit- tle heat , fo doth an Hypocrites coloured zeal ; and many now adays might bear fuch painted Fire upon an Efcocheon of Pretence for their Device. He beareth Argent, two Billets Raguled and Truncked , placed Sal- tire-ways, the Sinifter furmounted of the Dex- ter, Azure, inflamed on their Tops, proper.This is a Dutch Coat, and is born by the Name of Shurflab. Not unfitly is the force of Counfel fliadowed under the fire of 'Prometheus , be- A Diftlay of Heraldry. Sett. 111. caufe that as Fire, fo Counfel doth give light to the darkeft obfeurity of things. He beareth Diamond, a Bend, Topaz, between fix Fountains , proper , born by the Lord Star- ton. This Coat , with a due difference, is born by John Sturton or Stourton , of the City of London , Gent, de- fended from the Scur- tons of Sturton in Nottinghamfhire. Theft fix Fountains are born in fignirication of fix Springs , whereof the River of Stttre in Wdt- jhtre hath his beginning , and pafl'eth aiong to Sturton , the Seat of that Barony. And to this Head are referred Spaciofa Maria, Vada Speaofa, Fluvu Lati, hontes Grati : the fpa- cious Seas , the beauteous Shallows, Rivers fprcading , Fountains pleafing. The Sea is the Riches of a Kingdom, and a fair River is the Riches of a City: and therefore their Waves aie held good bearing for one that hath done ftrvice upon either. Frefh and fweet Waters are reckoned a- mongft Gods peculiar Bleflings , promiftdto the obferversof his Laws, andthoftof chief- eft rank : For the Lord thy God bringeth thee into a good Land, a Land in the which are Rivers of Waters , Fountains and Depths that fpring out of the Valleys and Mountains, Lev.26.7. He beareth Or , a Rock , Sable , by tMe Name of Securades.- A Rock fignifieth Safety, Refuge, or Protection : as ¥ I aim 31. Th.u art my Rock and wy For- ttefs, &c. For he that refteth under the de- fence of the Almighty, is like a Caftle of ftrength , fituated upon an inacce/Iible Rock, whereto none can approach to do hurt. I have ftt this as a pattern of the Earth , as be- ing one principal parcel thereof; and withal to reprefent the liability of the Earth, which Cod hath fo fixed that it cannot be removed. The Field is Or, a Mountain , Azure , in- flamed, proper. This Coat pertaineth to the Family of Mackloide , Lord of the Hies of Skey and Lewes in Scotland. Here you fee are two E- lements born together, the earthy and fiery. Jhtna is like this,or elfe this like Mtna , it being a Hill in Sicity, which un- Chap. V. A Difplay of Heraldry. 89 unceffantly caftcth forth flames of Fire,where- to the envious man may be fitly compared,who ftilldifgorgeth his furiousmalice againfl others, but it inwardly eatetli out Brimftone like his own Bowels. One writeth of this Hill J&tntL That on the one part it keepeth Snow all the year long , and 00 the other it ever burnetii , like thole who can breath hot and cold out p{ one mouth. The Field is Argent, fifteen Iilands, diveriiy coloured This Coat- Armour pcrtaineth to the King of Sfain , in refpect of certain Iilands of that number within his Dominions. And amongft thefe Exam- ples of earthy bearing, I have produced the bearing of a Mountain ^a heavy bearing , but much in life among the Germans:^ Hillocks and Turfs might 1 add, which may fooner be conceived by the under- ftanding, than delineated by my Pencil. Touching the Element of the Air , I have re- prefented no lhape ; for to do that, were as wife an attempt as to weigh the Wind in a Ballance : yet lome have exprefled the boifter- ous motions thereof by a mans face , with fwollen and puft Cheeks, whence ilTueth as much Wind as out of the Witches Bottles of Norway, who will fell any Wind that a Mer- chant will ask for : If they fold Wines out of Bottles, I fliould fooner believe them, and I think the Buyers fliould be lefs cozened. CHAP. V. HAving fliewed by particular Examples the bearing of Staple Elfences, or (at the leaft ) of fuch things as have a mutual participation of qualities with them ; I will now proceed to the handling of the next Member of the Diftribution , which compre- hended! Effences , or Natures of mixt Kinds. Such are Brute, or without life. Living. By Brute Natures Iunderftand all Effences whatsoever of mixt kind that are meerly void of life. Such are Meteors , which are imper- fect kinds of mixture, which bv their ft range Apparitions do move their Beholders to an Ad- miration , and thefe are called Corpora fubli- mia , becaufe they are ingendred aloft in the Airy Region. The matter whereof thefe Meteors are ingendred, is a certain attracted j fume drawn up on high by the Operation of the Sun and Stars. This fume or fmoak is . Vapour, j Exhalation. Vapour is a moift kind of fume extracted chiefly out of the Water , and therefore is ea- fily dillolved again thereinto, and hence are watry Meteors; Exhalation is a drier kind of fume , attract- ed up from the Earth , and apt to be inflamed, and they are firy Meteors. There are alfo o» ther Meteors formed of a mixture of both thefe fumes. Firy Meteors are forms confiding of hot Ex- halations attracted into the Airy Region, ha- ving a hot quality , which at length breaketh into a fire. C Simple. And of thefe are^ t Mixt. Simple firy Meteors are of divers forts and different forms , whereof there is little ufe in Coat-Armour , except of the falling Star , which of Blazoncrs is termed a Mullet ; which is an Exhalation inflamed above in the Air and ftrickea back with a Cloud , whereby it is forced to run downwards in fuch fort,' that to the Ignorant a Star feemeth to fall. There is oftentimes found upon the Earth a certain gelly fallen from above, and difperfed into divers points , which of many is taken to be the fubflance of the Falling Star or Mullet. Note that fuch Mullets born in Coat-Armour, are now mod ufual of five points, but ancient^ ly you lhall find them born of fix points. And fo I have feen them in divers very old Rolls , in the Cuftody of that worthy Knight^ Sir Richard Saint George, now Clarencieux King of Arms , whofe induftrious travel in the careful Collection of fuch Antiquities , and his free communicating of the fame to the ftudious in that way, merits much. And I find in a very ancient Roll, now in V the cuftody of the be- lore-mentioned wor- 1 thy Knight, Sir R^ chard Saint George, Clarencieux , in the Blazon of Gilbert Hut- farts Coat-Armour,thofe which we nowin He- raldry blaze by the Name of Mullets, there to be termed Efleiles,I think it is meant Efloiles • yet are not their points, which are five, there waved. But in this variety of Opinions I leave every man to follow what in his judg- O ment A Diftlay of Heraldry. Sed. HI. 9° mcnt he lhall approve to be belt and inoft pro- bable. He beareth Ermyn, a Mullet of fix points , pierced, Gules, by the Name EafienhuU.Th.tb kinds or" Meteors have an apparence of Stars, but in exiftence they are nothing lefs ; for they are (laith Bckcn- hab ) certain Impreili- ons of the Air, appear- ing for a time , and in time do vanilh away, be- caufe they be of nature flexible, and nothing permanent. He beareth Argent, two Bars between three Mullets of fix points, Sa- ble, pierced, Or, by the Name of Doughty. This with a Creflant for a difference, is the Coat- Armour of Thilif Doughty of Eafkex in the County of Surrey , Efq; defcended from an Engliili-Saxon Family of Dohtig before the Conquell. He beareth Argent , two Bars , Sable , each charged with three Mul- lets of fix points, Or, by the Name of Hofton. As are born upon Or- dinaries, fo iTiall you find them commixt with other common Charges; as alfo oftentimes fort- ed with Ordinaries interpofed between them : one Example whereof I will now prefently fhew you, which for the rarity of the form of the Ordinary , is worth your Obfervation. From Mullets of fix points , we will proceed to thofeof five. He beareth Azure,fix Mullets, three, two,and one, Or, by the Name ^A^ K_ of Weljh. In blazon- ]f\ j/^. m g °f Mullets of this i form,you (hall not need l l\y / to make mention of N. y t ' le ' r P°' nts > b ecau fe ^■<£^\S it is the ufual form of bearing; but if they do confiftof more than five points, then muft you fpecially obferve their Number, as in the for- mer Efcocheon. He beareth Ruby, on a Chief, Pearl,two Mul- lets, Diamond. I give_ this feleded form of blazoning to this pre- fent Coat-Armour , be- caufe it appertained to that honoured and right worthy Knight, Sir Ni- cholas Bacon, L. Keep- er of the Great Seal of England in the Reign of our late Queen Elizabeth, of bleifed me- mory to whom he was a Privy Councellor ; andforhisWifdom, Learning, and Integrity bv her advanced to that nigh place of Lord Keeper His eldcft Son, Sir Nicholas Bacon, was the firft Baronet that King James made by Letters Patents under the Creat Seal ; trom whom is defcended Sir Edmoud Bacon at Red- crave in Suffolk, now premier Baronet of ^England: and Sir Francis Bacon, one of his younger Sons, was Lord Keeper and after- wards Lord Chancellor ot England in the Rei, and in him with all people; as ap- pearcth Genrfis 9. 13. I have jet my Bow in the 94 the Clouds , and it frail be for ajfguofthe' Covenant between me and the Earth , tor. As touclnn" the Beauty of the Ram-bow,it is laid, Ecchl. 43. 1 1. Look upon the Rain-bow , and prdilehim 'that made it: very beautiful ts it in the Lrightneft thereof; it eompaffeth the Heaven about with a Circle, and the hand moll High hath bended it, Ibid. 1 2. And in- deed , worthily is he to be fo praifed, who when he could have made a Bow to deftroy lis, rather chofe to make this Bow to allure us he would not deftroy us. A noble prehdeiit to teach Nobles to ufe their ftrength and their weapons rather to preferve and help , then to overthrow or hurt thofe who are under their power. Fame fins faith , that the Rain-bow appearing in the South, betokeneth Rain ; m the Weft, it forefheweth Thunder ; and in the Eaft, prognofticates fair weather. A Diftltiy of Heraldry. Sed.HI. CHAP. VI. TT "JItherto have we profecuted our intend- I — I ment, touching things of mixt nature, -* which are brute or livelefs : Now pro- ceed we to the confideration of things of mixt Nature, having life. Mixt Natures that are living , are Corporeal ElTences , endued with a Vegetable Soul : for here we ufe this word Soul, "as alfo the word Life, in his largeft fignitication. A Vegetable Soul is a faculty or power that giveth life unto Bodies. r After a fort, Whereby they do live < or, ^Perfectly. Such as do live after a fort , or lefs perfect- ly, are all forts of Mettals ; which becaufe they are fuppofed to grow and increafe in the Earth, we will ( for our prefent ufe ) afcribe life unto them. Mettals areBodies imperfectly living,and are decoded in the Veins of the Earth. Of thefe (.Liquefiable. fome are< naturally C Not Liquefiable.or lefs Liquefiable. The Liquefiable are Gold, Silver, Copper , Tin, Lead, and other of like kind. C Precious. The not or hardly Liquefiable are< C Brittle. Thofe that are altogether hard , are Stones of all forts. Stones are bred of a waterifli moifture , and of an oily kind of Earth firmly compacted together. ^ Precious. Of Stones, fome are CBafe. Stones precious are of that fort that we call in Latin Gemma; which are of eftimation either for that they are rarely to be gotten , or for fome vertue phanfied to be in them, or for that they are fuch as wherewith mans Eye is won- derfully delighted by reafon of their purenefs and beautiful tranfparent fubftance. Of which kind are the Diamond, Topaz, Efcarbuncle,E- merald, Ruby, and fuch like. Of which forts, twelve of chiefeft note were appointed by- God himfelf to be ufed in the principal Orna- ment of the High Prieft , when he appeared before the Lord , prefenting therein the Names of the Twelve Tribes of Ijrael, to iliew how precious in his fight is the People and Nation which ferveth him , as himfelf prefcribeth. But of all thefe feveral kinds, the Elcarbuncle is of moft ufe in Arms, and is born as in thefe next Efcocheons appeareth. The Field is Ruby, a Chief, Pearl, over all an Elcarbuncle , of eight Staves or Rays , pom- mette S3 florette^toyaz. This Coat-Armour per- tained anciently to the Earls of Anjou, from whom came Geffery Tlantagenet , Earl of Anjoii,x\\2t married Maud the Emprefs, daugh- ter to Henry the Firft, King of England. This Stone is called in Latin Carbunculm, which fig- nifieth a little Coal , becaufe it fparkleth like fire , and cafteth forth , as it were , fiery Rays. There is another kind of,but fiery Car- buncle, which Chyrurgions can beft handle ; one of thofe of the Lapidaries is more to be defired than ten of the other. He beareth Argent, twoBarrs, Azure, over all anEfcarbuncle of 8 Rays, Gules, fommette & fiorette, Or. This Coat is cut in Stone up- on the Church Porch door of Maguotsfield in the County of Glo- cefter, and is born by the Name of Blount. As there is in all kinds of Minerals a Vegetable !ife,even fo, and much more (faith Zanchhis^) is it judged that Stones have this life; yea, and that they have a paiTive capacity of Sicknefs, of Age, and al- fo of Death. Whether this be fo or not , fure it is a pretty device, to advance their eftimati- on with thofe who already too much dote on them; infomuch, as it was faidof the Roman Empreffes, that fome of them did ware whole King- Chap. VL A Difplay of Heraldry. 95 Kingdoms at their Ears , fo now many a one hang whole Mannors on their fleeves. So much of precious Stones : now of thofe which areBafe; fuch we efteem all thofe to be, which both for their ordinary and bale j nnployments , and alfo for that they are ea- iflv to be had of all men , are of fmall em- ulation ; as are thefe next following, with their like. He beareth Vert , three Flint Stones, Ar- gent , by the Name of pliltt< This Coat is quartered by the Right Honourable the Earl of Cumberland. The Flint-ftone is an anci- ent Emblem or Token ufed by great Perfons. Johannes Dtgionius , Earl of 'Flanders, gave for his Device , Tguitahiliim Silicemferiens, a Steel and a Flint-ftone , which well agreed with his difpolition. This Earl was taken Prifoner by Bajazet the Turk , and when he fhould have been put to the Sword, aPhyfiog- nomer, much elteemed by the Turk, per- fwaded him to let him go free , faying , He forefaw in him , that when he came home, he would fet a great part of Chriftendom in a combuftion ; as indeed he did , by reafon of the murther of Leivis, Brother to the French King Charles the fixth; which his murther, the Franciscan Fryers did as impioufly defend , by the Examples of Zimri kill'd by Thinees, Ho- lof ernes by Judith, Sifera by Jael, and the Egyptians by Mofes. As the like Examples are dill produced by the Trayterous Patricides of Kings and Princes , fet on work by the Grand-father of fuch holy Treafons. The faid Earls Son, Thilippus Bonus, was -Founder of the Order of the Golden Fleece , which hang- eth at a Colter made with the forms of the faid Steels and Flint-ftones ; which Order the Kings of Spain ftill upholdeth. Mettal and Colours. i. Or, i. Argent, 5. Gules, 4. Azure, ! y . Sable, 16. Vert, 7. Purpure, 8. Tenn, \fr Sanguine. Selected Forms of Blazon before mentioned, He beareth , Azure , three Mill-llones , Ar- gent , bv the Name of Mi/veton. The Mil- ftone reprefenteth unto us the mutual converfe of human Society ; be- caufe Milftones are never occupied (ingle , but bv couplesjand each of them ftandeth in need of the others help , for the performance of the work whereunto they are ordained. Hereupon our mutual Amities and Ahiftances are termed in, Latin, Neceffitudines Amicitia , becaufe eve- ry man ftandeth in need of fome fall and allu- red Friend, by whofe counfel and advice he may be fupportcd for the better comparing of whatsoever affairs of importance he mall un- dertake. Of all the rare Stones before men- tioned, in my judgment men have caufe toe- fleem the Milllone ( though here we have placed it amongft bafer Stones) the mod pre- cious Stone of all others ; yet I would be loath I to wifli my Lady to wear it at her ear. So much of Mettals or Minerals (for I ule the word in the largeft fenfe ) that are hard and not liquefiable ; there are other alfo which we reckoned to be hardly liquefiable , in refpecr. of their brittle nature ; fuch are Alom, Salt, Am- ber, Chalk, &c. but there is no ufe of them in Arms. Becaufe in this Chapter I have fpoken of precious Stones , divers of which are of ufe in Heraldry , for blazoning of the Coat-Ar- mours of Nobility (as my felfhave often occafi- on to do in fundry parts of this Work: ) before I proceed further , I will fet down thofe feve- ral Stones, as they anfwer to their feveral Mettals and Colours; together with the Planets alfo, which I ufe only in the Atchieverncnts of Kings and great Princes. Precious Stones. Planets. Topaz, Sol. f£ Pearl, 2. Luna. Ruby, ?• Mars. Saphire, 4- Jupiter. Diamond, 5- Saturn. Emerald, 6. Venus. if Amethyft, 7- Mercury. J 8. Jacynth, S Dragons head. !> Sardonyx, . ■ 19- Dragons tayl. CHAP. 9 6 A Difplay CHAP. VI I. SO much touching Examples of fuch Na- tures as do live after a fort : In the next place fucceed thofe things, which do live perfectly or properly ; fuch Natures are thofe as have in them exprefs and manifeft tokens of a living Soul. * f Vegetable. Of this kind, fome are < I Senlitive. Forafmuch as I am now to treat of Vegeta- ble Animals, and of their particular kinds ; I mult excufe my felf in two things before I en- ter into the exemplifying of them : The one, that there is no caule that any man fhould ex- pect: at my hands an exprefs demonflration ot each particular Species of them ; and that I ihould run through and difplay their manifold and almoft innumerable kinds, for that would be a tedious travel, and (betides) an infinite and unnecelfary charge and colt , and withal far wide from the project: of my prefixed pur- pole. The other thing (and the fame more pertinent to that I do intend) is,That in hand- ling of Vegetables and Senfitives, I purpofe only to diltribute their feveral ranks of Di- ltribution , according to their Order to them prefcribed by Nature , which to exprefs is my chiefeft drift , and the principal fcope that I do aim at. Of the perfect: fort of Creatures there are many kinds , whereof fome are of more per- fection and more worthy than others, accord- ing to their more excellent kind of life,or wor- thinefsof foul. Of thefe the lefs perfect fort of Bodies were firft created ; and then fuch as were of more perfection. Plants are more worthy than Met- tals , and Animals of more reckoning than Plants : therefore were thefe firft created , and thofe afterwards. Of Animals wherewith God did adorn the Air, the Waters, and the Earth, there are di- vers kinds, whereof fome were more worthy than others ; in the Creation of thefe did God obferve the fame order. Between the Creation of Plants and Ani- mals , it pleafed God in his unfearchable wif- dom , to interpofe the creation of the Stars wherewith he beautified the Heavens , he did it to this end , to give us to underftand , That albeit the Sun with his light and motion, toge- ther with the Stars , do concur in the generati- on ol Plants and Animals , neverthelefs their Generation is not to be attributed Amply to the influence and power of thefe Celeftial Bodies ; but only to the Omnipotency of God, inafmuch as by his powerful Word he commanded the Earth to produce all forts of Plants and their Fruits, before the Stars were created. of Heraldry. Se&.lll. From the molt fertile and pleafant Garden of Eden , unto the moft barren and defolate Wil- dernefs, may we fee and behold the great and wonderful works'of God, and take occafion to extol his Omnipotency , Wifdom, and Mer- cy. As we may obfervelfai.^i.g.lwiU Jet in the Wildermfs the Cedar, the Shittah tree, and the Myrhe lree,and the Tine tree; and I null fet in the Wilderness the Firr tree, the Elm, and the Box together. Therefore let them fee,and hww, and let them confider and underftand together, that the hand of the Lord hath done tbu, and that the holyOne of Tfrael hath created it,v.%o. Hence we may gather that there is no object fo mean that prefenteth it felf to our view , but will minifter fome juft occafion to glorifie God. Men are accultomed to attribute the propa- gation of thefe , either to the influence of Na- ture , or to the travel and induftry of man ; but thefe were produced before any other of like kind could be found upon the face of the Earth, whereof it might be imagined they might receive being ; for as yet there had ne- ver fallen any rain to fructifie the Earth,where- by it might produce green herbs, nor as yet was Man created , that might manure and till the Ground for that purpofe : therefore neither were they produced naturally, or of their own accord, nor yet by the Art, Skill, or Induftry of Man, but by the immediate Word and Com- mandment of God. The reafon that moved Mofes to give an in- ftance of Plants and Herbs , how that they were produced by the vertue and power of Gods Word only, and not naturally, or by the skill and induftry of man ; neither yet of Ani- mals , nor of any other of the infinite number of things created ( Genef. i . 1 1 . ) was this, becaufe the Generation of Plants and Herbs might be much more doubted of, than the o- riginal of other things. Of the rirlt fpringing of Trees in the Crea- tion, Mofes faith, Et germinarefeceral Jeho- va Elohim e terra omnem arboretn concupifci- bilcm , id eft, vifu, £•> bonam ad efcam ; which words do comprehend all the defirable quali- ties of Fruit trees: for in them we expect that their fruits Ihould be either delightful to the Eye, or that they Ihould be fit for food and wholfom , and that they be alfo fragrant and fweet fmelling : For the fruits of Trees, the better they be, the more odoriferous they are. That the Trees wherewith Paradife was planted , had all thefe qualities, it is manifeft by the words of Mofes , in that he faith , Coti- cupifcibilem ad vifum, © bonam ad efcam : whereby we gather that the fight is delighted with things beautiful and glorious , the fmell with fweet and pleafant favours, and the pa- late with things of fweet and pleafant talte. And none of thefe are in themfelves evil; for fuch was the conftitution of Adam before he tranf- Chap. VII. A Difplay of Heraldry. 97 tranfgrelled , that he might have delighted himfelf in them all without offence; and to that end did God create them , that he mould ufe them with thankfgiviqg. Mofes defcribeth unto us'two principal qua- lities of the Garden of Taradife, whereby he - laieth before us the pleafantn efs of the fixati- on thereof, and alfo the beauty and fertility of the foil. The firft of thefe qualities was, that it was replenifhed with all forts of Trees, not only moft pleafant and delightful to the eye, but alfo moft pleafant to the tafte ; for that they produced the beft and fweeteft fruits: The other quality was , that the whole cir- cumference of the Garden of Taradife was furrounded and invironed with a River, beino- diftributed into four heads, which did highly beautifie the fame, and made it moft pleafant to the view. In this difcriptioii Mofes maketh mention of two Trees or fpecial qualities, that were plan- ted in the midft of 'Taradife : The one named the Tree of Life, the other the Tree oh ^vow- ledge of good and evil. Thefirftof thefe had a vivificant power in it felf, the fruit whereof was ordained to this end; That being eaten, it Would enable a man never to leel ficknefs, feeblenefs, old age , or death , but lliould evermore continue in the fame ftate of ftrength and agility of body : This was the efficacy and power that was gi- ven to this Tree, whereof it was never yet de- prived : Therefore was this quality after a fort natural thereunto. For this caufe was there a Cherub fet at the entrance of Taradife , to keep out fuch as would enter the fame, and eat of the fruit of the Tree of Life ; that he mould not aMays live that kind of life. How behooful the knowledge of the ver- mes and operations of Trees, Plants, Herbs, and other Vegetables are, for the extolling and manifefting the Omnipoteilcy, Wifdom, Mer- cy, loving favour and fatherly providence- df our moft gracious God towards finful man is , in that he hath created for the behoof and "ufe of man, as well touching this nsceflary food and raiment , as for recreation ~and ilelighi , we may evidently perceive Hy. Solomons iodu- ftnousinveftigationof theverttrss arid- opera- tions of all forts of Vegetables : For(befides other his admirable qualities wherewith he was richly endued) he had furpaffing know- ledge in the vertues, operations and qualities of Herbs and other Vegetables | infomuch that he was able to reafon, difcourfe and difpute, not only of Beads, Fowls , creeping tilings and Fiflies, but of Trees alfo and Plants , from the Cedar in Lebanon to the HylTop that fpringeth out of the wall, that is, from the higheft and tal left Tree to the fmalleft Shrub and lowed Herb. Thus we fee the knowledge and skill in natural Philofophy to be holden in great eftimation in all Ages , infomuch as it hathbecn reckoned a ftudy well befitting the dignity of a King, yea, of Solomon, who m as the wifeft King that ever was, and a Type 0 f our Saviour Chrift. But to return to the Ve- getable. Such are faid to be Vegetable, as have in them a lively power of growing , budding , leafing, bloffoming and fructifying , as Trees,' Plants, Herbs, Grafs, &c. And of thefe fome grow on Trunks or folid Bodies , fome upon flexible Stalks : fome again grow upon a fin- gle Stem, as commonly all. Trees do; fome up- on manifold Stems, as Shrubs, Rofes, Sec. Trees are certain Plants fpringing from a root with a fingle Trunk or Stem ( for the moft part) mooting up in height, and delinea- ted with lims, fprigs or branches. Of thefe Trees fome are more proper to hot Countries ; as the Frankinfence Tree to Arabia ; the Bal- famum, Myrrhe, Mice and Nutmeg Trees, as alfo the Pepper Trees, and fuch like, which chiefly grow in India ; the Plane Tree in E- gypt and Arabia; the Pomegranate in Africa, ckc. which I purpofely pafs over, and will on- ly give Examples of other forts to us better known, whether they be Trees fruitful or bar- ren. In giving Examples whereof I purpofe not to obferve any precife order, but to min- gle them pel mcl one with another , becaufe I hold fuch curious forting them, better nttinc* a profeiforof Phyfick, or fome Herbalift, than an Armorift ; to whom it fufficeth to ihew fu- perficially, that thefe, and their feveral parts are born in Coat-Armour, as well fimpfy of themfelves, as alfo with things of different na- ture; as in the Examples following may ap- pear. 1 He beareth Or, on a Mount in Bafe, an Oak acorned, proper, by the name of Wood. Al- mighty Cod, at what time by his powerful word he did enable the Earth to fruclifie , arid produce Herbs and Trees with their varia- ble fruits, faid , Let the earth bud forth ac- cording to Im kind, the bud of herb that feed- ethfeed; the fruitful tree -which beareth fruit according to his bind, which hath- feed in it felf upon t he earth ; and it was Jtr>^ Whereby (faith Zanchiusyxt are admonifhed,that they mould be preferved and nourifhed in the earth unto the time of feed for our neceffary ufe • for that they profit little, until they be come unto their full ripenefs. The Oak is of the ftrongeft fort of Trees, and therefore may beft challenge the firft place. He 9 8 A Difflay of Heraldry. Sea.ni- He beareth Argent, on a Mount in a Bafe, a Pine-apple Tree, traded , proper, by the name of Tine. There is a difference between the produ- ction of feed of Trees and of Herbs, as well for the propagation, as for the prefervati- on of their feveral kinds ; for the herbs do produce their feed in their (talks without fruit ; and the trees do pro- duce theirs in their fruit. It is holden of fome, that the Pine Tree is a reprefentation of death; forafmuch as the fame being once felled, or cut down by the ground, the root thereof is faid never to fprout orfpring any more. He beareth Or, on a Mount in Bafe , a Pear Tree fruited, proper,by the name of Tyrtou. As God for the necelfary fuftenance of man , or- dained manifold varie- ties of nourifhment : fo likewife many forts were created, not only for mans neceffity, but alfo for his delight, both to eye and tafte ; as too well appeared by the firfl woman, whofe rafh affection in this kind all her Pofterity hath fmce rued. But withal, God teacheth us by thefe dumb inftruders , that man fhould not be fruitlefs, left he become thereby fuel only fit for burning. Thofe propofed Examples are of whole bearing of Trees: Now of their parts, viz. their Leaves, Fruits, Slips, 8cc. promifcuoufly, as in Example. He beareth Gules, the ftem or trunk of a Tree eradicated , or mooted up by the roots, as alfo Couped in Pale, fprouting out two bran- ches, Argent, and is the Coat of William Bo- rough, alias Stockden,oi Borough in Leicefler- Jhire , Gent. Branches muff needs wither which have neither thelter from above, nor nourifhment from beneath : being therein like that Roman EmbafTage, where the one Em- baffador had a giddy head, and the other gou- ty feet ; whereof one faid, That it had neither head nor foot. He beareth Azure, a Cheveron, Ermyn, be- tween three Oaken flips acorned, proper , by the name of A- mades. By the words formerly noted to be extracted out of Gen. i . 24. Let the earth bud forth, &c. we do gather (faith Zanchiui) a diverfe manner of confer- ving of the feveral kinds of Herbs > and Trees by propagation ( through the production of their Seeds, whereby their particular forts are preferved; ) the one, that do bring forth their feed in their ft alks without fruit, and Trees do produce their feed in their fruit. He beareth Or, a Fefs, Gules, between three Olive branches, proper, by the name of Roundel, and is the Coat-Armour of Wil- liam Roundel of Hut- ton-Wanfley in Tork- fiire, Efquire. He beareth Argent , three Mole-hills,proper, ' by the name ofTyldefly, and is born by Edward Tyldefley of Morleys in Lancashire, Efq. He beareth Argent , three ft arved branches, flipped , Sable, by the name of Blacltftock. This Example is of dif- ferent nature from all the former, thofe bear- ing the figns of their vegetation and life, but this being mortified and unvefted of the virdure which fometimes it had ; which is the condition of all mortal men, whole moft flourifliing eftate muft have a change, their beauty turned to baldnefs and withered wrinkles, and they leave all their ri- ches, or their riches leave them : This is the end of the Tree, and fruits of our worldly e- ftate ; but the fruits of holinefs will never pe- rifh, and the righteous man Jhall be as the tree planted by the waters of life. Other Efco- cheons of the fame kind enfue. Hfr Chap. VII. A D iff lay of Heraldry. 99 He beareth Gules, a Bend of the limb of a tree,reguled and trunk- ed , Argent , by the name ot 'Penruddock. That which I fpake of before touching the Bend Crenelle, fitted by Art for the fcaling of a Wall , the fame feemeth to be here naturally found. At the firfl: approach of King William the Conqueror, the green boughs of Trees, born by Souldiers, ferved for an excellent ftratagem of defence ; and as helpful an inftrument of offence to the Enemy may this trunked Tree be, when other helps are wanting to the befiegers. He beareth Argent, three flocks or flumps of Trees , couped and eradicated,Sable,by the name of Retowre. If the top or boughs be cut off, yet the Root ftanding, there is hope of a new growth : but when the Root is pluckt up, there remaineth no hope of reviving. And therefore that was a fearful warning, Nozv is the Axe pit to the Root ; which fhould quick- en us to the bearing of good fruits, left other- wife we mean to bear that dreadful ftroke,and the iffue of that terrible commination. He beareth Azure, three Laurel leaves flip- ped,Or. This was the paternal Coat-Armour of Sir Richard Leve- fbn of LilleJhaU in the County of Salop, who was made Knight of the Bath at the Coro- nation of our Sovereign Lord King Charles. That the Laurel was in ancient times thought to be a remedy againft poifon , lightning, &c. and in war ufed as a token of peace and quietnefs, you may at your leafure read in Mailer BoffeweU his Book of Coats and Crefts. The field is Topaz, five Figg-leaves in Sal- tire , Emerald. This Coat appertaineth to the Count Feria of Spain. The Figg-leaves are the ancienteft wea- ring that is, being the firft clothing of our firfl: tranfgrelfing Parents. And Ir emeus faith , that they ufed not thj Leaves of any other Tree, to (hew the torture and anguith of Repentance , fignified by the roughnefs and fbarpnefs wherewith this fort of Leaf is befet. Our Saviour Chrift liked not to fee Figg-leaves without fruit , and therefore curfed the Tree : And accurfed will their con- dition be, the growth of whofe Faith and Re- ligion is in fhew, and not in fubftarice of fruit- ful works. The Field is Ermyn, twobarrs, Sable, each charged with five Elm- leaves, Or, by the name of Elmes , and is the Coat of Thomas Elmes of Lilford in the Coun- ty of Northampton , Efq; It is fuppofed that there is great love, and ^ ^ ^ •# *4» % " / f> 4*' # J4 # -i- 'ty a natural fympathy betwixt the Elm Tree and the Vine , becaufe the Vine never profpereth better than when it groweth by the Elm ; whereas the Elm it felt is of all Trees the mod barren. So fhould thofe who have few good parts in themfelves, yet at" leart cherifli and fupportfuch as Nature and Aft have enabled to produce better fruits of their Induftry. He beareth Or, three Woodbine-leaves pen- dant, Azure. This Coat- Armour pertaineth to the Family of Gamboa in Spain. Sometimes you fhall have, thefe Leaves born bend-Ways as in this next Efcoche- on. The Woodbine is a loving and amorous plant, which embraceth all that it grows near unto ; but without hurt- ing of that which it loveth : and is therein contrary to the Ivy, (which is a type of luft rather than of love) for it hurteth that which it moft embraceth. Sometimes you fliall find Leaves of fundry forts of Trees born ordinary ways, as in Example. He beareth Argent, threeBay-1 eaves proper, by the Name of Foulis. This with the Arms of Vlfier is the Coat of Sir 'David Foulis of higleby Mannor in Cleaveland, in the North-Ridirig of Torkjhire, Baronet. He loo A Difjlay of Heraldry. He beareth Argent, three Woodbine-leaves Bendways, proper, two and one, by the Name of ThemcThek Leaves are all one with thofe in the laft precedent Efcocheon in ihape, but different from them in the manner of their po- rtion , in that thofe are born with their points downwards, and thefe naturally or upwards. Otherwhiles they are born in form of other Ordinaries , as by Example lhall hereafter be made plain. Moreover, you lhall find them fometimes born withOrdinaries betwixt them, as in this next Efcocheon. He beareth Argent, a Cheveron, Vert, be- tween three Oaken leaves, proper, by the Name of Tomlins, and is the Coat- Armour of Thomas Tomlins of St- Leonards Bromley in Middlesex, Efq. He beareth Or, a Cheveron , Gules , be- tween three Nettle- leaves, proper, by the Name of Malherbe.The Nettle is of fo tetchy and froward a nature , that no man may med- dle with it , as many telty-natured men are. One writes, that a little Girle being flung by a Nettle in her Father's Garden, complained to him that there was fuch a curft Herb in his Garden, as that it was worfe than a Dog, for it would bite them of their own houfe. Her Father anfwered her, That it was the nature of it to be unpartial , and friend or foe were all alike to it. Yet this property it hath, that the harder you prefs it the Ms it will fting. He beareth Argent, three Holly-leaves pen- dant , proper, by the Name of luwine. Note that when Leaves are born after this manner, viz. pendant, you muft tell in what fafhion they are born : but if their points only be up- wards, then it fufficeth to fay Leaves ; becaufe it is their molt mural and proper way when they are in full vigor. Now I will fliew you an Example, where three Leaves are born Bar-ways. He beareth Argent, three Holly-leaves Bar- ways, two and one,their (talks towards the Dex- ter part of the Efcoche- on, proper, by the name of Arnefi. Thefe feem to have been, ( as ftill they are) much ufed in adorning the Temples and Sacred places , efpecially at the mod fo- lemn time of our Saviout's Nativity , and thence to have taken that holy name. There is a kind of Holly, that is void of thefe prickles, and of gentler nature, and therefore called Free-holly, which in my opinion is the beft Holly : and fo it was in his, who faith , That Charity (the daughter of true holiaefs) is gen- tie and hurt et knot, but rather Jujfereth all things: farr unlike to thofe Hedg-hogg holy- ones, whofe {harp cenfures, and bitter words, pierce thorow all thofe who converfe with them. He beareth Sable , 5 Walnut-leaves , Or, between two Bendlets, Argent, by the Name of Waller, and is the Coat-Armour of Sir William Waller of Winchefter in Hant- Jhire, Kt. lineally de- fended from Richard Waller of Groombridge in Kent, Efq; who at the Battel at Agencourt , in the Reign of King Henry the Fifth, took prifoner John Duke of Orleans, and brought him to Groombridge , where he remained a prifoner four and twen- ty years; during which Confinement he bu jit a Chappel near the faid Houfe, on which his Arms doth yet remain : And in rriemory of that Action it hath been ever fince allowed to the Family, as an Augmentation of Honour, to bear hanging on their Ancient Crefl , viz. a Walnut Tree, proper, the Arms of the faid Duke. And as a further Honour to the Fami- ly , the Sword which the Duke ufed in the faid Battel , is now in the poffellion of the faid Sir William , who married the Daugh- ter of Sir Edward Stradling of St. T)onets ia GlamorganJJjire Baronet, deceafed. The Chap. VII. A Difplay of Heraldry. jo i The Field is Argent, a Pomegranat in Pale, flipped, proper. Thefe Arms do pertain to the City and Countrey of Granata, within the Dominions of the King of Spain, fituated by the Mediterranean Sea. This fruit is holden to be of profitable rife in Phyflck, for the qua- lifying and allaying of the fcorching heat of burning Agues, for which end the juice thereof is reckoned to have a very fovereien vertue. He beareth Azure, three Pears, Or, by the name of Stukeley.This fruit, as other, was or- dained for the comfort of man : But as the Devil made ufe of the Apple to the deftrudi- on of man; fo did the Devil's Imps ufe the Pear to a wicked end, when the Monks of Swmfted, inviting King John to a Banquet poifoned him in a difli of Pears, though others write it was in a Cup of Ale. Concerning the fruits of Trees, God in the beginning gave unto man a free fcope to ufe them without reftraint, only the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge of good and evil excepted, whereof he was prohibited the eating upon pain to die the "Death whenfoever he mould tafte thereof. In this prohibition God would that we mould not fo much refpect the fruit of the Tree, as the Soveraign Authority of him that forbade the eating thereof; yea this chiefly and principally firft; and fecondly the iruit, becaufe of the interdiction. The end for which God did prohibit Adam the eating of the fruit of the Tree of Know- ledge of good and evil was, that notwithstand- ing God had given him a Sovereign Turifdicti- on on earth, yet was he not fo abfolute a Go- vernor and Commander, but that he had a Lord Paramount, to whofe hefts he was Am- ply and withal reverence to obey; and that he Ihould know that Cod, his Creator, was a- bovehim whofe will ihould be unto him the Rule ot all Jufticc , and whereunto he fhould conform all his actions, counfels, and cogita- tions; that he ihould evermore have an awful eye unto him, and always hope in him, gbri- fie, tear, reverence, and love him. The end I fay was this, That Adam mould know both God and lumfelf : God as his true Creator, himfelf to be his Creature ; God to be his Lord hirafdf his Servant j God a molt bountiful and magmficentg.ver of all good blefTings, himfelf God s Fofter-child , and filch a one as muft ac- knowledge,that whatfoever he poifeileth, pro- ceeded from Gods tree bounty and mercv ' and therefore mould render unto him continu- al praife and thanks for the fame , from the ground and bottom of his heart. He beareth Gules, a Cheveron, Ermyn, be- tween three Pine Ap- ples erected , Or , by the Name of 'fW.The Pine Tree was in much requeftin ancienttimes, for adorning of Walks about Manfion-Houfes ; according to that of die Poet, Fraxinm m Sylvia pulcherrima,T inus in Hoi- Topilus in Fluviu, Abiestn Monti bus alt is } The Aflo in Woods makes faireft Jhcw , The Tine in Orchards nigh , By Rivers beft is Toflars hew, The Firr on Mountains high. He beareth Or,three Mulberies, their (talks trunked, proper. The Mulbery TreeisanHie- roglyphickof Wifdom. whofe property is to fpeak and to do all things in opportune feafon : And it is repu- ted ( as I may fay) the wifeft of all Trees, in regard it never fprout- eth nor buddeth, until fuch time as all extre- mity of cold Winter-feafon be clearly paft and gone. This Fruit hath a Purple-bluftW co- lour ; in the one refembling the Judges attire who attempted Sufanna; in the other that hue of their face, which ihould have been in them if they had been fogracfous to blulh at their fault, as they were hafty to commit it A greater fin in them than in others , becaufe they were to punilh others for the like often ces : But it is no rare thing to fee the great ex- tenders hang the little. He beareth Or, on a a Bend, Sable.three Clu- tters of Grapes, Argent. This Coat appertained to Sir Edmund de Ma- roley of the County of Tori, Kt. who lived in the time of Edward the Firft. How profitable the moderate ufe of the nuce of the Grape may be to man, is as mani- teft, as the inconvenience that doth attend the too much bibing of the fame is odious. He 1 02 A Diftlay of Heraldry. He beareth Azure, a Barr,Argent, three Aj> pies erefted inBafe,Or, by the name of Harle- win. An Apple is cal- led in Latin Tomum , which is a general word for all forts of eatable fruits ; info- much as Tim. lib- ij- cab 2x comprehendeth Nuts alfo under this ..me albeit the fame is moft commonly taken fo r this fo t of fruit. If we defire to have 5S£ Tto continue longer upon the Trees than their accuftomedfeafon o ripening, tfemay effeftthe fame by wreathing of the bough and platting them together one in another , as Varied noteth, rf^l*" TJZLZ Mr ei arbore pendebunt Toma, finmujat- %s contorqueri fr$rMm ■ whereof he yield- eth this reafon,That by means of fuch wreath- ing and platting the humour is more flowly conceded or digefted, fo that they cannot ri- pen with that maturity, as thofe which are not hindred of their natural paffage and action. Hereby we may learn, that Art worketh forci- bly in things meerly vegetable ; how much more effectual and powerful is Education (which is reckoned a fecond nature) in form- ing and reforming the conditions and inclina- tions of men? CHAP. VIII. Hitherto of Plants growing upon a Am- ple Body or Stem, with their common parts. Now of fuch as grow upon a manifold ftalk or tender fprigs, as Flowers, Herbs, and fuch like, as in Example. He beareth Ermyn,a Rofe,Gules, barbed and feeded, proper, by the Name of Beverley. A- mongft Flowers in an- cient time the Rofe was holden in chief- eft eftimation , as ap- peareth in Scholiis E- pijl. St. Hieron. de vit. Hilar, where it is faid, Rafis apud Trifios prima gloria fuit interferes. The Pourtrai- ture or Refemblance of a Rofe, may fignifie unto us fome kind of good environed or befet on all fides with evils, asthatiswith prickles: which may give us notice, how our pleafures Thts are befet with bitternefs and ftarpnel Here I do blazon this Rofe CWb, , becaufe the word proper Atteth not this flow- er For if I fliould blazon it a Rofe proper, it could not be underftood of what colour t|e fame were; forafmuchas White and Cr mfon are as proper to Rofes as Red : Therefore for the more certainty I have blazoned it Gules. He beareth Argent, on a Canton, Gules, a Rofe, Or, barbed, pro- per , by the Name of Bradfton of Winter- borne in the County of Glocefter, This beau- tiful and fragrant flow- er doth lively repre- fent unto us the mo- mentary and fickle ftate of mans life ; the frail- ty and inconftancy whereof is fuch as that we are no fooner born into the World, but pre- fently we begin to leave it : and as the dele- gable beauty and redolent fmell of this plea- fant flower doth fuddenly fade and penfh; e- venfo mans life, his beauty, hisftrength, and worldly eftate, are fo weak, fo mutable, and fo momentary, as that oftentimes in the fame day wherein he flourifiieth in his chiefeft jolli- ty his beauty confumeth, his body decaieth, and his vital breath departeth; and thus he leaveth his life as if he had never been. Of this fudden fading of the Rofe, a certain Poet writeth in this manner ; Mirabar eeleremfugitiva Mate rapinam, EtJum na[cuntur,confenuiffe Rojas Quim longa una dies,atas tarn longa Rojarum, Quas pubefcentes junBa feneclapremit. As fades the blujhing Rofejofpeeds Ourfiowry youth away : Jt grows, it blows, it fpeeds, itjheds Her beauty in one day. He beareth Sable, $ Rofes, Argent, by the Name of Maurice, and is the Coat-Armour of David Maurice Pre- bend of Myvod , and Vicar of Llanhaffaph in Flint/hire. Gules \ Chap. VIII. A Difpldy of Heraldry. 103 Gules, .three Rofes Argent, on a Chief of the fecond, as ma- ny Rofes of the firft, by the Name of Gr- far (alias Adelmare). It is born by Sir Charles Cafar of Be- nington-place mHart- fordjhire, Kt.by John Cajar of Barkway in the faid County, Efq; and by Charles Cafar of Great Granflen in Huntingtonfhire , and of Much-hadham in Hartfordjlrire, Efq; fecond Son of Sir Charles Cafar Kt. deceafed , who was Matter of the Rolls ; which Sir Charles was Son and Heir of Sir Julius Cafar Kt. alfo Matter of the Rolls, judge of the High Court of Admiral- ty, Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Privy Counfellor to King James, and to King Charles the Firft; defcended of the Learned and No- ble Family of the Dalmarii , of the City of Tarvifo or Trevifo in Italy. The faid Charles married Joan, fecond Daughter of Sir Thomas Leventhorp of Shingle-hall and Blakefware in Hartfordflrire, Baronet , by whom he hath IlTue Charles, Henry, and Dorothy. He beareth Gules, a Crofs Lozenge be- tween four Rofes, Ar- fent, by the Name of 'acker, and is the Coat-Armour of Thi- lip ^Packer of Groom- bridge in Kent, Efq. Argent, on a Bend, Sable , three Rofes of the Field, by the Name of Cary , and is the Paternal Coat- Armour of John Ca- ry of Wilco't in Ox- ford/lure, Efq. He beareth parted per Fefs in Chief, Gules, a Cheveron between 5 Cinquefoiles , Or, and in Bafe, Argent,a Rofe, Gules, with the ftalk, leaves and beards, pro- per. This is a Dutch Coat, and is thus born by John Vanheck of the City of London, Mer- chant. Of fuch Plants that grow upon a manifold body or ftalk, there are fome other forts that do bear fruits, as in part may by this next Ex- ample appear. He beareth Argerit,a Cheveron , Gules , be- tween three Hurts , by the Name of Basker- vile, in the County of Hereford , and is born by Thomas Baskervile of Eardifley, Humphrey Baskervile o{ c Pontari- las , and by William Baskervile of Comadock, all of Hartfordfiire, Efquires. Thefe (faith Leigli) appear light- blue, and come of fome violent ftroke. But if I miftake not, he is farr wide from the mat- ter, in that he likeneth thefe Rundles unto Vibices or Hurts in a mans Body, proceeding of a ftripe ; whereas they are indeed a kind of Fruit or fmall round Berry, of colour betwixt black and blue, growing upon a manifold ftalk about a foot high, and are found moft com- monly in Forefts and Woodland Grounds : in fome places they are called Wind-berries, and in others Hurts , or Hurtle-berries. They have their time when Strawberries are in fea- fon. The near refemblance of their names caufed Leigh to miftake the one for the o- ther. CHAP. IX. TH U S much of Vegetables , growing eitheronafingle or manifold Stem or Body. Now of fuch as grow upon a bending Stalk, fuch are Herbs of all forts. And of thefe fome are Nutritive, others lefs Nutri- tive : The firft fort are in ordinary ufe of Diet; fuch are both thofe which produce Grain, and thofe which ferve for feafoning of the Pot, Sa- lads,and the like. Such as do produce Grain are thefe, and their like , Wheat , Rie , Beans , Peafe, Barley, Spelt, Oats, &c. of thefe fuch are moft ufual in Coat-Armour, as are accu- ftomed to be bound up in Sheaves, as Wheat, Rie, Cumin, 8cc. as in part by thefe next Ex- amples may appear. He beareth Azure, iffuant out of a Mount, in Bafe, three Wheat- ftalks, bladed and ear- ed, all proper. This is a Venetian Coat-Ar- mour, and pertaineth to the Family of Garzoni. And here we fee a a Mount born, which we 104 A Difplay of Heraldry. Seft. III. webeforementioned, as a bearing of the na- ture of one of the four Elements. As before we honoured the Milflone with the name of the chief of precious Stones, fo may we juftly give precedence to this Plant above all other in the World , no one kind of food being fo neceffary for prefervation of mans life as this; which therefore the Scripture calls the ft, iff of bread, becaufe it upholds the very being of mankind. For which caufe, as the Heathens accounted Ceres, and others, as gods, for in- venting means to increafe Corn; fo are thofe to be held enemies to mankind, whofoever through covctoufnefs overthrow Tillage, as by Incloiurcs, and depopulations of Villages, &c. And how ineftimable a blefling Corn is, may by this be conceived, that no Country is laid to have a Famine fo long as it hath Corn , though all other things be fcarce : But if all o- ther things abound, and Corn be wanting, that one wantTbringeth both the name and the hea- vy punifhment of a Famine. Among the manifold bleffings promifed by- God to the obfervcrs of his Laws, plenty of Corn is reckoned one of the chiefeft, Lev. z6. 3. If ye walk in my ftatutes , and keep my commandements , and do them ; then will I give you rain in due feafbu, and the Land ^pall yield her increafe, and the Trees of the field jljall yield their fruit, and your threjlj- iug float I reach unto the Vintage , and the Vin- tage jhall reach unto the (owing time ; andyou pall eat your bread to the full, and dwell in your laudfafely. And again, T)e tit. 8. 7. For the Lord thy God brlngeth thee into a good Land ; a Land of Brooks of Water, of foun- tains and Depths that wring out of Valleys and Bills ; a Land of Wheat and Barley, and Vines and Ftgg-trees , and c Pomegranats • a Land of Oyl-olive and Honey ■ a Land where- in thou Jljall eat bread without fcarcenefS, thou flialt not lack any thing in it ; a Land whofe Stones are Iron, and out of whofe Hills thou mayeft digg Brafs. He beareth Azure, three Ears of Guiuy Wheat, couped and bla- ded, Or, by the Name of Grandgorge. This is a kind of Grain not much inferiour to our Wheat for ufe ; but for multiplication, beauty, and largenefs, much be- yond it : And of this moft undoubtedly true is the faying of our Saviour, that one Grain bringeth forth///)', yea an hundred fold ■ and fuch ftould be the increafes of God's graces in us, which are not put into us there to dii; ut- terly, but to increafe to our own good,and the givers glory. Saint Taul makes an excellent Argument here to fatisfie a very natural man , touching theRefurreftion of the dead, which is no more unpoflible, than for dead Corn to fprout out of the Earth much more flourilh- ing, yea and more abundant than it was caft in. He beareth Gules,on a Bend , Argent, three Rie ftalks, Sable,bythe Name of Rye, or Reye. Were it that thefe ftalks had been born in their proper kind, it would have beautified the Coat greatly, and made the fame much more commendable for bearing , by how much fweet and kindly ripened Corn is more valua- ble and to be defired, than that which is blar fled and mildew'd; that being a fpecial blefling of God, and this the exprefs and manifeft to- ken of God's heavy wrath inflicted upon us for our fins ; as appeareth in the Prophet A- mos 4. 9. I have fmittenyou with blaftingand mildew, (Sc. and likewife in Haggai the fe- cond the fame words are ufed. The Field is Ermyn, two Flaunches, Azure, each charged with j Ears of Wheat, couped, Or, by the Name of Greby of Northampton- Jljire. It maketh not a little to the commen- dation of this Grain, that it is taken in the Scripture for the faithful ; where it is faid, Which hath his Jam in his ban/T, and will make clean his floor , and gather his Wheat into his Garner, &c- Thefe forts of Grain are moft ufually born in Coat-Armour bound up in fheaves,and band- ed of the fame Metal or Colour ; yet fliall you find their Band fometimes of a diverfe Metal or Colour from them. The Field is Azure, a Garbe, Or. This Coat- Armour pertaineth to the ancient Family of Gravenor of Chejhire, whofe name was anci- ently written Grofve- nour , or Grofvenor, as it is at this day. They bear this Garbe from their Anceflors, who were of Confanguinity to the ancient Earls of Chejfer, as it is proved in the Record of that famous Suit betwixt Sir Richard Scroope Plaintiff, and Sir Robert Grofvenour Defendant, for their Arms, in An- no 12. Regis Richardi Secundi. For with William the Conqueror came Hugh Lttpus his Nephew, and with the faid Hugh Lupus eame Chap. IX. A Difplay of Heraldry.' one Gilbert le Grofvenour , Nephew, to the faid Hugh , who was Anceftor to the faid Sir Robert Grofvenour; from whom is lineally defcendcd Sir Richard Grofvenour of Eaton in the County Palatine of Chefter, Knight and Baronet,Heir-male of that Family ; and is now born by Sir Thomas Grofvenor of Eaton in the faid County,. Baronet. This Coat, without the Anns of Vlfier, is born by Walter Grof- venor of Bifljbury in Staffordshire , Efquire A like unto this is born by Holmefied, faving that the band of that Garb is Vert. There is a kind of wretched Cormorants, whole Garbs are fo fall bound, that the poor curfeth their mercilefs hearts. And fuch an one was Hatto Abbot of Fulda, who fuffered Rats rather to eat up his Corn, then he would help the wants of the poor; but hispunilhment was anfwer- able thereunto ; tor the Rats devoured him though he guarded himfelf in a Caftle purpoVe- ly built in the midft of the River Rhene which is there this day to be feen. He beareth Gules, 5 Garbs, Or, by the name of Trefion. This Coat was born by Robert Co- myn a Scot , who at the time of the Conqueft was Earl of Cumberland, and held all that Coun- trey beyond all the Ri- ver Tyne; but after William Rnfns's time he was taken prifoner, withRoger Movibrey Earl of 'Northumberland, and was by King Henry the Firfl: disinherited. Here you may obferve that I mention not the bands of Garbs , becaufe they differ not in Metal or Colour from the Garbs. Sometimes you Hull find thefe Garbs born with an Ordi- dinary interpofed between them , as in this next Example. The Field is Pearl, a Cheveron between 3 Garbs, Ruby. This Coat-Armour pertain- eth to the Right Ho- nourable Edmund Earl of Mulgrave , Baron Sheffield of Butter- Wfek~, and Knight of the mofl Noble Order of tlie Garter. AnEfcocheon like unto this (but ot different Colour and Metal, viz. the Field, Saphire, a Cheveron between- 1 Garbs Topaz) was born by Sir Chnftopher Uatton late Lord Chancellor of England , Counfellor to that Peerlefs Queen Elizabeth,d\mmanA memory:ACoat well befitting his magnificence and bounteous Hofpitality, wherein he hath fcarce had aay Rival ever fince. Azure, a Cheveron, between three Garbs , 105 I Or, is the Coat-Armour of the Hattons, the chief Ornament now exifting in the perfoh of the Right Honourable Chriftofher Lord Hat- ton of Kir by , Governour of his Ma jellies Illand of Garnfey. He beareth Azure, feven Wheat-lheaves, four , two , and one , Or , by the Name of Dolman, and is the paternal Coat-Armour of Sir Thomas Dolman of Shaw in Berkjljire, Kt. and one of the Clerks attending his Majefties mod Honou- rable Privy Councel. He beareth Sable, a Cheveron engrailed be- tween three Garbs or Wheat-lheaves, Argent, by the Name of Field, and is born by Thomas Field of Stanfjead-Bury in the County of Eert~ ford, Efq. The Field is Or, on a Fefs, Azure,three Garbs of the firft,by the Name of Vernon. This is an ancient Family of Che- Jhire , and defcended of the worthy Stem of Vernons that were Ba- rons of Shifbrook, and do bear thefe Garbs for a difference from the elder Houfe that did bear Or, only a Fefs, Azure. And the reafon of the bearing of their Garbs was, for that they would make known that they were defcended from the faid Barons of Shifbrook, who anci- ently held of the Earls of Chefter. He beareth Azure, 3 Fefs between j Garbs, Or , by the Name of Lewhite of Bromham m Wiltfhire. The Garb fignifieth in Heraldry- plenty or abundance; and that the firft Bearer did deferve well for his Hofpitality. Q. He io6 A Biff lay of Heraldry. Sea.lli- He beareth Azure, a Fefs Dauncette , be- tween fix Garbs , Or , by the Name of Rayu- court. Leigh calleth it a Sheaf e f ' Wheat but though it were of Rie, Barley , or Cu- min, or whatfoever it were (faith lie) it is fufficienttocallitaCarb (which is a french I or rather Teutonick word fignifying a SuaQ ; telling the Colour or Metal w hereof it is_ As 1 to their fole and diverfe bearing upon ,anc f Ordinaries between them, thefe few Exa _ pies may fuffice for the prefent. Others ftriAf follow in ther places. He beareth Ermyn, on a Bend , Azure, a Mullet pierced, Or,be- tween two Garbs, pro- per, by the Name of Motyprdi, and is the paternal Coat-Armour of Thomas Modyford of Eajhtay in the County of Kent, Efq; Colonel of a Regiment of Foot at Tort-Royal in the Mand of Jamai- ca, Son and Heir of Sir Thomas Modyford Ba- ronet, late Governor of the faid Ifland. He beareth Argent, three Bean-Cods Ban- ways , two and one , proper,, by the Name of Hardbcaue. The Bean in ancient times amongft the Grecians , was of great Authority; lur by it they made all the Magiftrates of their Commonweals, which were chofen by carting in of Beans, inflcad of giving of Voices or Suf- frages. %MTytbagoras taught his Scholars to hate die Bean above all other Vegetables , meaning perchance, that they iliould fliun the bearing of any Office ; though others give^ o- ther reafons of that his Doftrine. Some write, that the (lowers of the Beans, though very pleafing to the fmell , yet are very hurtful to weak brains ; and that therefore in the time of their flowring there are more foolifli than at other times; meaning belike thofe, who then diftill thefe flowers to make themfelves fair therewith. To this Head muft be referred all other forts of Nutritive Herbs born in Coat-Armour, whe- ther they produce Grain in Ear, Cod or Husk; or that they be Herts for the Pot , or Salads ; asBetony, Spinage, Coleworts, Lettice, Pur- fiain, Leeks, Scallions, e>.c. All which I leave to obfervation, becaufe I labour by all means to pafs fhorow this vaft Sea of the infinite va- rieties of Nature, with what convenient bre- vity! may, becaufe Quod brevity eft, Jenifer deleBabiltus habetur ; in fuch things asthefei The fcorter the fweeter. CHAP. X. 'fl^T ; X T * after Herbs Nutritive, let us ie of Herbs lefs Nutritive , *- ^1 which are either Coronary or Phyfi- <.^ Or, on a Cheve- ron , between three Trefoils flipped, Sa- ble, as many Mul- lets of the Field, by the Name of Hol- worthy, and is the paternal Coat-Ar- mour oi Sir Matthew Holworthy of Great Talfgrave in Nor- folk, Kt. Or,on a Bend cotized, Azure, between fix Tre- foils ilipped, Vert, three Efcallop-lhells of the firft. This is the bear- ing of John Rowe of the City of Briftol, Gent, defcended from the an- cient Family of the Rowes of VVindle\-hill in the County of Der- by. He beareth Azure, three Qyaterfoils, Ar- gent, by the Name of Vincent, and with the Arms of Vllier, is the paternal Coat- Armour of Sir Fran- cis Vincent of Stoke- T)abernon in Surrey, Baronet. He beareth Argent, on a Cheveron, Sable, three Quaterfoils, Or, by the Name of Eyre, and is born by the Fa- mily of the Eyres of Tlorj'etjljire , and of New-Sarum in Wilt- fiire, from whom is defcended Mr. Nicho- las Eyre of the City of London. Or, a Cheveron,be' tween three Cinque- foils, Gules , by the Name of Chicheley, and is the Coat-Ar- mour of the Right Honourable Sir John Chicheley of VVimp- ley in Cambridgejljire, Kt. Mafterofthe Ord- nance, and one of his Majefljes molt Honourable Privy Councel, &c. He an no A Difflay of Heraldry. Seft. Ill- fer-";' He beareth Gules, a Bend, Or, in the finifter Chief a Cinquefoil , Er- m yn. This was the Coat-Armour of Sir E- rajmtts de la Fontaine of London ,Kt. deceafed, whofe Lady was Sifter to the Right Honoura- ble Bapttft Lord Vif- count Camden. He beareth Sable, a Bend engrailed, be- tween fix Cinque- foils , Or , by the Name of Tovey,znd is the paternal Coat- Armour of Tho. To- •pfj'jF.fq; one of the Matters of the Re- quefts to his Majefty King Charles the Se- cond. He beareth Argent, a Crofs quarter-pierced between five Cinque- foils, Vert. This Coat, with a due difference, is born by Thomas Hodgskins of Homer- [truth in Middlesex, Cent, defended from the Hodgskins of Glc- cefterjhire. He beareth Gules, a Cheveron between ten Cinquefoils, four, two, one, two, and one, Ar- gent. This Coat-Ar- mour pertainetli to the worfhipful Family of Hartley of Wymund- harn, which defcended out of the right Noble Progeny of the Lord Barkley. This Coat is of an ufual kind of blazon , and therefore I held it the fitter to be here infcrted, as a pat- tern for all fuch Coat- Armours, whofe Charges are marlhalled in this order. The Cinquefoil is an herb wholfome for many good ufes, and is of ancient bearing in Efcocheons. The num- ber of the leaves anfwer to the five fenfes in a man ; and he that can conquer his affections , and mafter his fenfes, ( which fenfual and vi- cious men are wholly addicted unto) he may worthily, and with honour, bear the Cinque- foil, asthefignof his fivefold victory over a ftronger enemy than that three-headed Mon- iler Cerberus. He beareth Saphir, a Cinquefoil, Ermyn, a Bordure engrailed, To- paz. This is the Coat- Armour of the Right Honourable Jacob Lord Jftley , Baron of Rea- dwg,&.c.and with the addition of the Arms of Viper, is the Coat- Ar- mour of Sir Jacob Aft- ley of Melton-Conftable in Norfolk, Baronet. Of this Family there hath fucceflively been Barons of Parliament from the time of King Edward the Firft, to the Reign of KmgHen- ry the Fifth, and one Knight of the Garter in the Reign of King Henry the Sixth. Argent , a Fefs en- grailed, between three Cinquefoils within a Bordure, Sable. This is the paternal Coat- Armour of Thomas Fo- ley of Witley-Conrt in Worcefterfliire, Efquire, Father of Thomas Foley of the faid place, Efq; of Taul Foley of Stoak- Court in Hereford/hire, Efq; and of Thilip Fa- ley of Treftwood'm StafordJhtre,E{q; Argent,three Cinque- foils, Gules, each charg- ed with five Annulets , Or, by the Name of Southwell, and is the paternal Coat-Armour of Sir Robert Southwell Kt. one of the Clerks attending his Majefty in his molt Honourable Privy Counce! ; whofe Family is now feated at Kingfale in the Kingdom of Ireland, but were formerly of JVoodrifing in Norfolk, and were anciently of the Town of Southwell in the County of Nottingham. He beareth Saphir , Crufuly three Cinque- foils,Pearl. This is the Coat-Armour of the Right Hononrable Co- rners Tl'arcy , Baron D'arcy, Meynnille, and Conyers, defcended from John Lord D'arcy and 'Meynnille, Chamberlain to King Edward the Third ; whofe Son and Heir , the Honourable Conyers TTarcy Efq; is High Steward of his Majefties Honour of Rtcbmond-CaSfle , and_ Richmond/hire , chief Bailiff of the Liberty thereof. Chap.XI. A Difplay of Heraldry, 3 11 thereof, Conftable of Middleham-Caftle, and Matter of Arhengarthdale Foreft. Hebeareth Argent, a Cheveron, Sable, be- tween three Colmn- bines flipped, proper , by the name of Hall, of Coventry. The Co- lumbine is pleafing to the eye, as well in re- ined: of the feemly (and not vulgar)fhape, as in regard of the Azury colour thereof ; and isholden to be very medicinable for the dif- folving of impoftumations or fwellings in the throat. He beareth Argent, three Gilliflowers flip- ped , proper , by the Name of Jomey. Thefe kinds of Flowers , for beauty, variety ol co- lour, and pleafant re- dolency, may be com- pared with the choiceft attires of the Garden : yet becaufe fuch daintinefs and affected adorn- ings better befit Ladies andGentlewomen,than Knights and men of valour, whofe worth muft ■be tried in the Field, not under a Rofe-bed, or in a Garden-plot ; therefore the ancient Gene- rous made choice rather of fuch herbs as grew in the fields, as the Cinquefoil, Trefoil, Sec. He beareth Argent, a Cheveron , Gules , between three Blue- bottles flipped,proper, by the Name of Chor- ley, an ancient Family in the County Palatine of L.mcafier. Thefe few Examples may fuffice to lhew that all others of like kind (which I for brevity fake voluntarily pals over) are to be reduced unto this Head of Coronary Herbs ; from which we will now proceed to the Phylical, whofe chief and more frequent ufe confifteth in aflwaging or curing of Maladies and Difeafes. And of thefe fome arc Aromatical , which for the moft part,in refpect of their familiar and plea- fing nature, do ferve for the corroborating and comforting of the inward parts of man's body, and for that purpofe are olt ufed in meats ; of whicli fort are Saffron, Ginger, and fuch like : Others are meerly Medicinal , and fuch as a man ( were it not for neceffity ) would wifh rather to wear in his Efcocheon, than in his Belly. Examples of which kinds I will wil- lingly pafs over, only as it were pointing out with the finger unto what head they muft be reduced, if any fuch be born in Arms. Of the Plants, Trees, Fruits, and Herbs beforemen- tioned , fome are Forein , and fome Dome- ftical ; fome grow in Mountains, fome in Ma- rilli and Fenny Grounds , fome by the Rivers, fome by the Sea-coaft. Concerning their cau- fes, natures, and effects, Philofophers, Phy- ficians and Herbalifts do ferioufly difpute ; and doubtlefs they are the admirable work of the molt Omnipotent God, who has fent as many kinds of Medicines, as of Maladies ; that as by the one we may fee our own wretchednefs , fo by the other we might magnifie his goodnefs towards man,on whom he hath beftowedFrw;; for meat, and Leaves for medicine. CHAP. XI. H Aving hitherto handled that part of our diflnbution which comprehendetli things Vegetable, proceed we now to the other concerning things fenfitive, which are all forts of Animals or Creatures indued with fenfes. The fenfes, as likewife the fen- fitive Soul, are things in themfelves not vifi- ble, and therefore elf ranged from the Herald's ufes : But becaufe they refide in bodies of dif- fering parts and qualities from any other be- forementioned; therefore in handling of thefe fenfitive Creatures, I hold it requilite to be- gin with their parts (for of them the whole is raifed;) and thefe are either the parts con- tained, or containing, or fuftaining. But fince we are now to fpeak of things fen- fitive ( and amongft them J firft of Terreftri- al Animals and their parts , it lh all not be im- pertinent to produce fome few caufes amongft many, why thefe Terreftrial Animals and Man were created in one day, viz. the fixth day. Firft, becaufe God had appointed the Earth to be the joint habitation of man and beaft to- gether. Secondly, in refpeel: of the near re- semblance, both of bodily parts and natural properties , that thefe Terreftrials have of Man, in refpeel either of Fowls or of Fifhes. Laftly,for that very many of them were toferve for man's eafe and neceflary ufe: As Oxen to till the ground ; Horfes for his eafe in travel; Dogs to be watchful keepers of his houfe ; and others for other his neceflary and Domeftical ufes. There is no Animal but hath at the leaft thefe parts , vim. Head, wherewithal to re- ceive food, and wherein their fenfes have their refidence ; a Belly, to receive and concoct his meat ; Intrails, whereby to eject the fuperflu- ities or excrements of aliment; Members alfo, ferving for the ufe and exe/cife of the fenfes, and others ordained for motion from place to place ,- for without thefe Members he can-* not receive food or nutriment , neither feel nor move: Therefore there i's neither labour- ing 112 A biff lay of Heraldry. Seft. Ill ingbeaft, orbeaftof favage kind domeftical reptiles, or other, that can be without thefe b °By > thenameof Soul and Life wherewith all forts of Animals are endued from Cod,A/e- ffs teacheth us, that there is no living creature to be found that hath not either true and na- tural blood , orattheleaft fome kind of hot humour that is to it inflead of blood j Antma enim cmufou Animal* in Sangutm eft , as Moles teacheth Leviticus 17. and in fundry o- ther places; and in the common received o- pinion of all men, In Immido E§ cahdo conftfttt That which is fpoken of divers kinds oHnJeffa, that there is no blood to be found in them , it is to be underftood to be meant of true, perfecl, and natural blood ; but of neceflity they mult have inftead thereof fome kind of humour in them that hath the quality of blood, viz. that is both hot and moift as afarefaid, elfe can they not live. . . Concerning Animals in general, it is not to be doubted, but that all forts of them, as well thofe of favage and ravenous kind, as thofe of domeftical and labouring kind, as alio venom- ous Serpents, of themfelves, and of their own nature, were themfelves good, and might be good to others , and profitable for man's ufe ; forafmuch as it is faid, Et vidit Elohim quod lonum • But in that they are now become noi- fome and painful to man, that is ftr Accidetis j for this is occafioned by the fin and tranfgrefli- on of man.whereby all things became accurfcd for his fake. The utility or benefit that cometh to man by thefe Terreflrial Animals is twofold ; the one pertaining to the Body , the other to the Soul. The corporal benefit that cometh to man by them , who knowethnot ? For daily experience Iheweth us how beneficial the ufe of iiorfes, oxen,,kine, calves, iheep, and other forts of beaft and cattel of all forts, are for the fervice of man ; whereof fome ferve us for food , ' fome for raiment , fome for carriage , fome for tillage,and other for divers other uies. Of this ufe of them Mofes faith , That God hath fubjetled all thugs to man , Omnia fub- ifcifti fub fcdibm ejus, &c. and made him Ruler over the fillies of the Sea, the fowls of the Air, and the beafts of the Land ; whereby he giveth ns to underftand, That all forts of A- nimals were created for the divers ufes of man, and each one of them ordained to a feveral end. But their fpiritual ufe is farr more noble and excellent, by how much the foul furpaffeth the body in dignity and worthinefs. And their ufe confifteth not alone in this , that by the confideration of them we are led to the knowledge of God, and of his wifdom, power and goodnefs(for this ufe have all things elfe that are created) as appeareth Romans 1 . and elfewhere : But alfo that in thefe Animals God hath propofed to us fuch. notable examples of imitation , in refpecl of vices to be efchew- ed, that,the facred Scriptures excepted, there is no moral precepts can better inftrudl us than thefe Animals do, which are daily in our view, and of which we have daily ufe: amcngft thefe we may produce fome examples of hihes and fowls, but many more may we gather from Terreftrial Animals. And to the end we fhould ihun the ignorance of things , fuch efpecially as are Celeftial, David, the Kingly Prophet, propofeth to us for examples , the Horfe and Mule faying, AW iritis fiewt Equus (S Mnlus, in quibns non eft intelleHus. Like as Natural Philofophy confifteth in o- ther things, lb doth it chiefly in the knowledge of Animals, viz. in the underftanding of their wifdome,natures and properties: which know- ledge hath been approved by God himfelf from the beginning ; and not only approved , but alfo ordained and given to Adam; for Mofes faith, God brought thefe Animals unto Adam y to the end that he fhould advifedly view and confider them ; to the end that Adam fhould give them names anfwerable to their fhnpes , natures, proportion, and qualities; and that the impofition of thefe names fhould not be ca- fually or at adventure (for God abhorreth all diforder and confufion ) but deliberately and according to reafon, fo as every thing might be aptly diftinguiihed from other, by their par- ticular names, and according to their feveral natures and difpofitions ; and that for our be-* nefit , that we hearing their names, and un- derftanding their fignifications may be led to the underltanding of their natural properties, for which Etymology, or true interpretation and derivation of words is very behoofful and of great ufe. The parts contained are Humours and Spi- rits, whereof only the firft is ufed in Coat- Armours, wherein are reprefented fometimes drops of blood, and fometimes tears, which both are naturally humours contained, though in Armory they are fuppofed no longer to be contained, but fhed forth. The bearing of this humour, blood, is underftood to be ever- more born Drop-meale ( as I may fo term it ) or by drops. Which manner of bearing is in blazon termed Gutte, of the Latin word Gut- ta, which fignifieth a drop of any thing that is either by Nature liquid, or liquefied by Art._ Thefe drops do receive a different manner of blazon, according unto their different colour, or diverftty of the fubftance whereof they do confift , as by Examples fhall appear. He Chap XL A Difplay of Heraldry. He beareth, Argent, Gutte de Sang, by the Name of Lemming. Thefe drops are fel- dome born of them- felves alone , but ra- ther upon or with fome other kind of Charge , either ordi- nary or extraordinary, or elfe dividedly, by means of the interpofiti- on of fome of the lines of Partition hereafter to be handled. Thefe are termed Gulta de Sang. Quia ex gut t is (angninn conjlant ; becaufe they fignifie drops of blood, wherein the life confift- eth. And if the blood of thofe, who boaft of their generous blood, ihould once drop forth of their veins, no difference would appear be- twixt it and the meaneft man's blood ; unlefs perhaps it be in this , that ufually it is more corrupt and vitiated ; whereas in the poorer fort it is more healthful and pure.Which Iliould teach fuch great ones not to prize their blood at too high a rate, but rather to excel others in vermes, fincc they cannot furpafs in that humour, which is alike in all : And if they look in the firft originals of both forts , they fhall find, that Adam was the firft Anceftor of the Poor, as well as of the Mighty ,• and fo the one of them as anciently defcended as the other. He bearethAzure, a Pale, Or, Gutte de Sana, by the Name of Tlaye r,and is the Coat- Armour of Sir Thomas flayer of Hackney in Middle- sex, Kt. Chamber- lain of the Honou- rable City of Lon- don , fucceeding his Father Sir Thomas in the faid Office. He beareth Argent, Gutte de Sang.a Crofs, Gules, by the Name of Fitz of Fitzford in the County of De-von. This is the moft prin- cipal and predominant humour, whereby the life of all Animals is nourifhed and continu- ed, and whofe defeift bringeth prefent death. For the life of all flelh is his blood, it is joined with his life : Therefore I faid unto the chil- dren of Ifrael, Te Jliall eat the blood of no flefi); for the life of allflefi is the blood t hereof, who- foever eateth fhall be cut off. He beareth Argtntj Gutte de Larmes , or de Larmettes, a Che- veron voided , Sable , by the Name of St. Maure. This is that other humour before- mentioned ; and this bearing is called Gutte de Larmes , Quia ex Lacrymarum guttis conftant, becaufe they re- prefent drops of tears falling ; thefe Gutte are always underftood to be of colour blue. In blazoning of Coat- Armours charged with drops, you muft evermore confider the fub- ttance whereof they are , and to give them a denomination accordingly , fo lhall you not need to name their colour at all ,- forafmuch as by their fubftance their colours are eafily con- ceived, whereof I will give you fome few Ex- amples in thefe Efcocheons next following • which albeit they may feem to be unduly be- llowed with thefe , yet in refpedt of their uni- form manner of bearing, to wit, by drops Qas the former) I have chofen rather to fort them together with thefe, than to beftow them con- fufedly under feveral Heads. He beareth Sable, a Turnip,Proper,a Chief, Or, Gutte de Larmes. This is a whoiefome Root , and yieldeth great relief to the poor, and proipercth belt in a hot fandy ground, and may fignifie a ner- fonofgood difpofition, whofe vertuous demeanour ilouriiheth moft profperoufly even in that foil, where the fcorch- mgheatof Envy moft aboundeth. This dif- fereth much in nature from that whereof it is faid, And that there fi-otdd not be among you any root that bringeth forth gall and ■worm- wood. He beareth Sable , Gutte deEau,aCanton, Emivn , by the Name of T)annet. This word Eau is a French word, and fignifieth the fame that Aqua doth in La- tin, which is as much as to fay , He beareth drops of water. If he mould blazon it inEnglilh, the proper colour thereof is Argent. This had been a worthy Efcocheon for a Souldier of that Chriftian Le- gion, called Fulminatrt x , at whofe prayers in a great drought God poured down rain iri the fight of the Heathen, as Eufebius teftiheth, and yet they were no Frefhwater Souldi#rs ,• R but ii4 hl^T^d^oh^c embrued their Efco- cheons with drops of blood as to have thus | fprinkled them with drops of rain. He beareth Argent, Gutte de Poix,a Chief, Nebule, Gules, by the Name of Roydenhall. This word Poix is a French word , and is the fame that we call Pitch in Englilh. Yet among our Enghih Blazoners thefe colours and drops are termed Gutte de Sable. This Coat ferveth aptly to give warrantize of the bearing of Chiefs, confifting of fome of the bunched lines beforementioned in the firft Se- ction. There are Ordinaries framed of fundry other former forts of lines, before expreffed in the firft Section , which I leave to the ftri<2 obfervation of the curious fearchers of thofe things. He beareth, Argent, a Crofs engrailed, Sable, charged with Gutte de Or, by the Name of Milietfield.Thek drops may be underftood to be drops either fufible or molten, as Gold either molten in fire, or other- wife liquefied, whereby it may be diftilled Dropmeal. Note, that if fuch kind of drops be Or,then fhall they be taken as reprefentations of fufible or liquid Gold : if they be Vert.then fhall they be taken to be drops of Oyl-olive, as hereafter (hall appear, when I fhall fpeak of Coat-Ar- mours, whofe fields have no tincture predomi- nating. But to return to the humour of blood (from which we have upon occafion hitherto iligreffedjit is infallible that there is no Animal or living Creature but hath in it either blood, or fome other kind of hot humour in quality like thereunto, as I have faid before. Thefe humours beforementioned, in refpetS of their moift and fluent nature, do (land in need of fome other thing to contain them-; and fuch containing parts are either the outmoft includer, which is the skin (of which we have already fpoken in the firft Section, where we treated of Furrs) or the whole Body it felf , with the feveral members and parts thereof ; all which, becaufe they need their fupporters, thofe we will firft fpeak of, and fo defcend unto the whole bearings and parts. But I will firft ihew you an Example of the ' earing of dead mens fculls, and then proceed the fupporting parts. ~A~Diftlay of Heraldry. Sea. in. He beareth Argent,on a Cheveron, Gules, three dead mens fculls of the firft , by the Name of Bolter. This kind of bearing may ferve to put both the proper owner of this Coat-Ar- mour, and alfo the feri- ous fpe t their bone 's flourijlo out of their place, and their names by fiicceffiou remain in them that are moft famous of their children , Ecclef. 46. 1 2. And though they feem like the wi- thered bones in Ezeiiel's virion, yet fhall they revive again by vertue and power of him who died of Heraldry. died on the Crofs, and of whom it was faid, Not a bone of him foall be broken. Thus in brief you fee the ufe of thefe parts of fup- port. CHAP. XII. IN following the tract which our method firft chalked out unto us, we are at length come to fuch blazons, as do prefent to the eyes thofe fenfitive things which we called the Containing, becaufe they are the manfion , in which not only the blood and fpirits, but alfo the bones (which we named the parts fuftain- ing) are inclofed. Thefe are Animals or li- ving Creatures, with their parts and members. An Animal is any fubftance con filling both of a body fitted for divers functions, and of a foul giving life, fenfe, and motion. Animals ( faith Zanchim ) efpecially fuch as do produce a living creature, have a more near refemblance of man, both as touching the parts of their bodies, as alfo concerning the fa- culties of their mind, and fubrilty ana quick- nefs of wit ; for their bodies alfo do confift (like as ours do) of flefh, finews, arteries, bones, griftles and skin, &c. In like fort they have head , neck , breafts, back, a chine or backbone , thighs , legs and feet : As alfo hearts, lights, liver, fpleen, guts, and other inward parts as we have : Furthermore, they do participate with us in our actions, as to cat, drink, fleep, watch and move : albeit in many other things they are much unlike us. In the handling of Animals, it might be a fcruple, whether the bearing of fuch creatures whole mould have precedence in their bearing before their parts, and alfo in what rank and order the feveral kinds of creatures are to be marlhalled by us , that thereby the dignity of their bearing may be belt conceived ; becaufe the dignity of thofe things that are born in Coat-Armour, being truly known, and duly confidered, doth not a little illuflrate the wor- thinefs of the bearers in the difplaying of their Enfigns. For taking away thefe lcruples , I hold it requifite, before I proceed to give Ex- amples, firft to fet down certain notes by way of introduction to that which followed], lliew- ing how the dignity of thefe Animals, ■hereaf- ter to be handled, is to be accounted of, either in a relative refped of things of diftinct Na- tures compared one to another, or in a compa- rative reference of Animals of the fame kind each to other. This dignity cannot be better underftood , than by taking a confiderate view of that Or- der, which the Author of all Order, and the moft wife and powerful Difpofer of all things , did obferve, not only in the creation of the Celefiial, but alfo of the Elementary parts of J ithe World , with their feveral Ornaments, I wherein be oblcrved a continual progrellion from things or 1 efs perfection, to tilings more perfect. For, was there not a Chaos without \jorm and void, before it came to that admira- ble beauty, whereof it is find, Loe,it was very good ? In the Celef'dal , the Sun ( the glorv thereof) was made after the Firmament, and the Night was before the Day. In the inferi- or bodies, the Vegetables,as Trees,were made before fenfitive and living Creatures : And a- mongit thefe, the Fillies (which have neither breath nor voice, and therefore imperfecter ) were before the Fowls , and bofih of them be- fore terreftrial creatures ; and all of all forts before man , made after God's Image , for whofe fervice all other things were made,as he was madefor God's Service. Moreover, in the creation of man, the body was before the foul, which yet is a thing incomparably of more perfection. By this rude draught of God and Natures admirable method , you may conceive the na- tural dignity of thofe crcatures,as often as they If all occur in Armory. But as Art hath not always the fame end which nature hath (be- caufe the oneintendeth the being, the other the knowing of things:) fo is not the method of both always alike in attaining their ends ; for Natures procefs is a fimplicibus ad comfofi- ta, from the fingle parts to the whoie,whereas Art defcendeth from the compounds to the fimples : in imitation whereof, we fliall in this our progrefs follow this courfe, that firft every whole bearing of any Animal iliall precede , and then fuch parts and members thereof as u- fually are born ; fox fo every one that firft hath feen the whole , will difcern the parts the bet- ter j whereas he that feeth apart (having ne- ver feen the whole) knoweth not whereof it is a part. And in Coat-Armour the whole bearing of Animals is moft worthy, yet is not the bearing of parts to be mi/liked; but if we confidcr both the one and the other reflective- ly, then doth the whole bearing farr furmount the parts in honour and dignity. Neither muft we here precifely efteem the worth of every bearing by this order of Na- ture, becaufe Art doth fometimes flamp a pe- culiar note of dignity, for fome particular re- fpect, as for fome efpecial ufe, quality, or acti- on in the things. And this dignity or nobility may have a twofold relation ; the one,betwixt Animals of divers kinds , as a Lion and a Spa- niel, a Woolf and a Lamb ; the other,bet\vixt things of one kind, as whelps of one litter , whereof yet one may be nobler than the other, as the one will run to the Chafe, the other to the Pottage Pot. And forafmuch as the living things beiorementioned, as well vegetable as fenfitive, have their peculiar vertues worthy imitation, as alfo their particular vices to be efchewed, and that it is a chief glory to Gen- I tlemen of Coat-Armom , to have their vertues Pv 2 difplaied 116 diiplIi^r^dirST^P^nd forms < of ' fuch things as they bear, it is to be wifhed that each one oftUwould confider^ examm the commendable properties of fuch fig^ur »- kens as they dobear, and do his belt to mam- feftto theworld,that he hath the like m himfelf: for t is rather a difhonour than a wjufe for a man o bear a Lion on his lhield, it he bear a 9,eep in his heart, or a Goofe in bta«i being therein like thofe Ships, which bear the nam! s of Dreadnought, Victory and the like, though fometimes it fpeed with themcontra- rv to their Titles. A true generous mind will endeavour that for his felf-vertues , he may be efteemed, and not infift only upon the fame and merits of his Progenitours, the praile whereof is due to them, and not to him. Nam genus,® proavos,® qua noufecimiis ipfi, Vix ea noftra voco,—— Ovid. Met. lib. 1 3. Verfe 140. (worth, Great birth, and blood, and Anceftors high Call them not thine, but what thy [elf bring ft (forth. And now we will proceed to fome particular precepts, concerning things fenfitive born in Coat-Armour. Wherein firft obferve, that all forts of Animals born in Arms or Enfigns, muft in blazoning be interpreted in the beft fenfe, that is, according to their moft generous and noble qualities , and fo to the greateft ho- nour of their bearers. For example j the Fox is full of wit,and withal given wholly to filch- ing for his prey ; if then this be the charge of an Efcocheon, we muft conceive the quality re- prefented, to be his wit and cunning, but not his pilfering and Healing, and fo of all other. All Beafts of favage and fierce nature, muft be figured and fet forth in their moft noble and fierce action ; as a Lion creeled bolt upright , his mouth wide open, his claws extended r as if he were prepared to rent and tear;) for with his teeth and claws he doth exercife his fierce - nefs ; in this form he is f aid to poffefs his vi- gor and courage ; and being thus formed, he is faid to be rampant. Action doth the Pro- phet David approve to be proper to a Lion , c P(al. zz. where defcribing the cruekie of the wicked towards him, he faith, They raged up- on me with their mouths, as it were a ramp- ingmd roaring Lion. A Leopard or Wolf muft be pourtraied going (as it were) Tede- tentim, ftep by ftep ; which form of action (faith Chajjana;ts~) fitteth their natural difpofi- tion, and is termed Paffant : All forts of pla- cable or gentle nature, muft be fet forth ac- cording to the moft noble and kindly adion of every of them, as aHorfe running or vaulting, a Greyhound courfing,a Deer tripping,a Lamb going with a fmooth and eafie pace, &c. And concerning the true placing of Ani- mals of whatfoever kinds in Armory according A Difflay of Heraldry. Se&. lii. to Order, Art, and the Property of their na- ture ; the ufe of the thing,whereupon they are to be placed or depkfted, muft be hrft confider- ed of, and fo muft they be placed accordingly, whether they be born bolt upright, paffant, or tripping, or howfoever. As if they be to be placed in Banners, they muft be fo placed,as that it be agreeable to the natural quality of the thing that is born, Ars enim imitator naturam in quantum pot eft : therefore fince it is proper for a Banner to be carried upon a ftaff, according to the ufe there- of the ftaff doth proceed, and the Banner com- eth after ; therefore ought the face to look to- wards the ftaff, that is, directly forwards. So is it likewife in every other thing, whofe parts are diftinguifhed per Ante 5S> Toft ; in fuch the forepart of the thing born fliall be placed to- wards the ftaff, otherwife it would feem re- trograde or going backwards,which were mon- ftrous to behold. If a man do bear only the head of fome A- nimal (then moft commonly ) the forepart thereof cannot aptly regard the ftaff, but is born Tideways chiefly being full faced, whether it be the head of Ram, Bull, &c. As touching the orderly placing oi the feet of Animals, this is a general Rule, That the right foot muft be placed formoft , Quia dex- tra pars eft principiummotus. And withal,it is the moft noble part in regard it is the ftrong- er and more active, and therefore thus to de- fcribe them, is to fet them forth in their com- mendableft faffiion ; for Diftpofitio laudatijfima Animate eft, ut in omnibus di fpofiionibus fuis Jit fentndum curfum natura ; that is the beft difpofttion of every creature, which is moft a- greable to nature. But here you muft obferve, That in a Ban- ner, that which is made for the one fide, will feem to be the left foot on the contrary fide, but that chanceth by accident : and therefore the fide next to him that beareth the Banner muft be chiefly refpeded, that the fame be formed right in regard of him ; like as it is in writing, that fide next to the writer is accord- ing to order ; whereas if we turn the paper, all falleth out after a prepofterous fafhion: Therefore we muft chiefly relpect the fide next the bearer, let the reft fall out as it fliall. Arms are fometimes depicted or embroider- ed upon the Garments of men, and chiefly up- on the uppermoft vefture of Military perfons, efpecially Emperors, Kings, and their Gene- rals, and other. Commanders in Military Ser- vices, ufed to caft over their Armours a kind of fliort habit, as a Jacket, Mandylian, or fuch like, whereupon their Arms were richly beau- tified and curioufly wrought ; to the end, that in time of fervice, their Souldiers, who could not be directed by the ear (by reafon of the far diftance that was oftentimes upon occafion between them and their Commander ) they might by their eye be inflructed according to the ChapXII. the neceflity of the prefent fervice, and might by ocular obfervation of their Commander (being fo eminently clad) know and difcern their ht times and opportunities of marching, making a Hand, availing, retiring, and other their like duties, whereupon this kind of lhort garment was called a Coat-Armour, becaufe it was worn aloft upon their Armour. And it was called f aludamentum, quia ex eo geflans tale veftimentumpalam fiebat omnibus. Such was the Coat-Armour of Alexander that he left in Elymais in the Country of Terfia, where- of mention is made, where it is faid , Now when King Antiochus travelled through the high Countries, he heard that Elymais , in the Cottntrey of Perfia, was a City greatly renown- ed for riches , fdver , and gold. And that there was in it a very rich Temple, wherein ■Were coverings of Gold , Coat- Armours and Harness, which Alexander, King of Macedo- nia , the [on of Philip that reigned fir ft in Grecia, had left there. For proof that Emperors ufed to wear Coat- Armours, it fhall be to good purpofe to pro- duce the verbal teftimony of Bayfius, fpeak- ing in thefe words, Fertur eo die Crjffum nou furfur eo, at Romanornm Imperatornm mos c- rat , falndamento ad Milites proceffifje, fed pallio nigro. And further the fame Author faith, Talu- damentum verofuijfe Jmperatorum, planum fit exTranquillo inCafare, qui Alexandria cir- ca eppuguationempontu, ertiftione hoftium fubita compulfus in fcapham , pluribus eodem pracipitantibus cum defilii ffet in mare, nando per ducentos paffiis evafit ad proximam navem elata lava, tie libelli, quos tenebat, tnadefe- rent, paludamentum mordicus trahens, ue [po- lio potiretur hoffis. Of all creatures apt to generation and cor- ruption, Animals are moft worthy. All Beafts have a natural and greedy defire for the fupply of their wants, infomuch as for the attaining thereof, they do roar, bellow, bray, and cry out exceedingly. All beafts of favage and harmful kind , are naturally armed with fome thing wherewith they may hurt a man, for which they are rec- koned dangerous, and to be fhunned : As the Boar with tusks, the Lion with tallons, the Stagg with horns, the Serpent with poilbn, &c. Notwithftandingthat the bearing of things properly ( whether vegetable or fenfitive) Is fpecially commended, yet muft not fuch pecu- liar commendation be extended to derogate from the dignity of other bearings, as if they were of noefteem, in regard they be not born properly ; for there are as good and honoura- ble intendments in thefe as in them, data pa- ritategeftantinm, if they be as ancient as the former , and their bearers of equal eftate and dignity ; which is not the leaft refpecl that muft be holderj in the efteem. of Cogt-Armour, Quia arma nobilitatem Jumunt , a perlova ge~ ftautis , Arms are honoured by the bearers. And fomctimes the variation from the proper- ty may be of purpofe to prevent fome other quality, which may be no lefler honourable than the proper. Befides, it is one thing to bear a living creature in colour or in action di- verfe from nature; and another, to bear him repugnant or contrary to nature ; for the for- mer may be born commendably, but this lar- ter fort of bearing is holden difgraceful, or ra- ther is condemned for falfe Arms , and there- fore not worthy of bearing. Jn the blazoning of things born in their natural colour,whether thefamebeCeleftial, except the Sun, Moon, and Stars; or Sublunar, it fufficeth to fay, He • beareth this Comet, Meteor, Beaft, Bird, Fifh Fowl, Plant, Tree, Herb, Flower, &c. Pro- per, without naming of any colour ; for by Proper is evermore underftood his natural co- lours ; and for the Sun and Stars, when they be of the colour of the metal Or , which is their natural colour, it fufficeth to fay, a Sun , or Star, without adding the word Proper, or Or. And fo it is of the Moon, when ihe is Ardent ' which in Heraldry is holden her proper co- lour. As touching the dignity of things born in Coat-Armour, I have already ftiewed how the fame is to be reckoned in the order of Nature • but if it be conlidered according to vulgar efti' mation, then we muft hold this for an obser- vation that feldom faileth, That fith every particular Empire, Kingdom,and Nation have their diftinct Enfigns of their Sovereign Turi"- didhon, look what Beaft , Bird, Filh, Fowl Serpent, &c. he that fw ayeth the Sovereignty doth bear for his Royal Enfign in each parti- cular Nation, the fame is accounted there to be of greatcft dignity. So is the bearing of the Lion chiefly efteemed with us in England becaufe he is born by his Majeftv,for the Royal Enfign of his Highnefs's Imperial Sovereignty over us :fo is the bearing of the Eagle efteemed among the Germans: St in like fort theFlowers de lis amongft the Frenchmen. Four-footed Beafts, whether they be born Proper, or Difco- louredfthat is to fay, varying from their natural colour)are to be efteemed more worthy of bear- ing in Coat-Armour than either Fillies or Fowls are, in regard they do contain in them more worthy and commendable fignifications of Nobility. Amongft things Senfitive, the Males are of more worthy bearing than the Females. Some men perhaps will tax me of inconhderation, in not treading the ufualfteps of Armonfts in the handling of thefe fenfible Creatures, for that I do not prefer the Lion (in refped of his Regal Sovereignty ) before all other Terreftrials. For clearing of mv felf m this point, I muft plead, that the project of my prefenpt method hath tied me to another form, and doth enforce me to prefer other Beafts in place, before thofe which otherwife bra A Difplajt of Heraldry, 118 a"^terf^gnity. And albeit I cannot fay there was any priority of time m the crea- tion of Beafts, becaufe God (fake the word and it was done, he commanded and they were created; neverthelefs in regard of difcipline , there is a priority to be obferved , wherein thofe things that do promife us a moreeafie ac- cefs to the diftind knowledge and underftand- incr of the fucceeding documents , ought to have the precedence. ■ . The Order that I prefix to my felf in treat- ing of thefe Beafts, Ml concur with the Ta- ble of this prefent Section ; as hrft,to fet down Animals of all forts living upon the Earth : Se- condly, fuch as live above the Earth, as Fowls: Thirdly, Watry Creatures : and laflly, Man. And becaufe of the firft fort fome are greflible, having feet, and fome creeping or gliding as Serpents, we will begin with the greil.ble ; and firft with fuch Beafts as have their feet fo- lid or undivided, or (as I may term them) In- articulate, that is to fay, without toes; then will I proceed to fuch as have their feet cleft hi two; and laftly to Beafts that have their feet divided into many. CHAP. XIII. HAving delivered divers Rules and Ob- fervations concerning living things.and their parts in genere, I will now annex fuch Examples as may demonftrate thefe feve- ral forts of bearing; forafmuch as demonftra- tions give life and light to ambiguous and doubtful precepts, as Artflotle Ethic. 7. no- teth, hymg,'Demonftrationes ftint perfefltores (3 nobiliores, quando inducuntur poft orattones dubitabiles ; Demonftrations are ever beft af- ter doubtful paffages. Of thefe briefly, asm the next Efcocheon. The Invention of Arms, wherein Beafts, or their parts, are bom, are borrowed (faith Sir John Feme*) from the Huns, Hungarians, Scythians, and Saxons, cruel and mod fierce Nations , who therefore delighted in the bearing of Beafts of like na- ture in their Arms ; as Lions, Bears, Wolves, Hyenes, and fuch like j which fafliion likewife came into thefe our Countries when thofe bar- barous people over-ran with Conqueft theWeft part of Europe. Now to the end that the Rules and Obfervations formerly fet down may receive both life and warrant by Prefi- dents, I will now exemplifie them in their Or- der : And firft of whole-footed Beafts with their Members. He beareth Gules,an Elephant palfant, Ar- gent , tusked. Or, by the Name of Elphit:- flon. Concerning thefe Arms that are iormed of Beafts, it is to be ob- ferved, That generally thofe are reputed more Noble which do confift of whole Beafts, than are thofe that are form- ed of their parts ; yet fometknes the parts may be given for fome fuch fpecial fcrvices, as may be no lefs honourable than the whole bearing. The Elephant is a Beaft of great ftrength, but greater wit, and great eft ambi- tion ; infomuch that fome have written of them, that if you praife them, they will kill themfelves with labour ; and if you commend another above them, they will break their hearts with emulation. The Beaft is fo proud of his ftrength , that he never bows himfelf to any (neither indeed can he ;) and when he is once down (as it dually is with proud great ones) he cannot rife up again. It was the manner of fuch as ufed the force of Elephants (in fet Battels ) to provoke them to fight by laying before them things of Scarlet or Crim- fon colour, to make them more furious ; as we may fee 1 Mac . 6. 34. And to provoke the Elephants for to fight, they /hewed them the blood of Grapes and Mulberries. Further- more, they were placed in the ftrength and heart of the battel, as in the fame Chapter ap- peareth ; where it is faid , And they fet the Beafts according to their ranges , fo that by every Elephant there flood a thousand men armed with Coats of Mail, and Helmets of Brafi upon their Heads ; and unto every Beaft were ordained five hundred Horfmeu of the befl,Verfe 3 5: . Which were ready at all times wheresoever the Beafl was ; and whitherfoe- ver the Beafl went , they went alfo, and de- parted not from him, Verje 36. The high- nefs and incomparable ftrength of this Beaft may be conceived by this, That te bare thir- ty two fighting men in ftrong Towers of Wood faftned upon his back ; as we may fee exprefly fet down in the fame Chapter in thefe words ; And upon them were (Iron? Towers of Wood that covered evert Beaft , which were faftned thereon with Inftru- ments : and upon every one were thirty two men that fought in them, and the Indian that ruled him, Verfe 37. He Chap.XIH. He beareth parted/^ Cheveron, Sable and Argent, three Elephants heads erafed , counter- changed , by the Name of Saunders , a Family of good account in Nor- t hamftonjhire ■ amongft whom is William Saun- ders of Brixworth, Efq; William Saunders of Welford, Efq; and Ambrose Saunders of Si- bertoft , Efq; And is alfo born by Thomas Saunders of Haduam in Buckingham/hire Efq. He beareth Or, a Fefs, Gules, between three Elephants heads erafed, Sable, by the Name of Fwntaine , and was the Coar- Armour of that emi- nent Lawyer John Fount aine, Efq; Ser- jeant at Law,who left Iflue John Fountaine of Melton fuper Mon- tem in the Weft-Riding o{Tork/hire r E{q; He beareth Sable.on a Fefs between three Elephantsheads erafed, Argent, as many Mul- lets of the firft, by the Name ofTratte.When any part is thus born with liggs, like pieces of the fleih or skin,de- pending.it is termed E- rafing,ot theLatin word erado,to fcrape or rent off; or of the French, Arrajher, of the fame fignification. Thus being the firft place of fach bearing, I thought good here to obferve that this Erafing and Couping are the two common accidents ot parts born. Couping is when a part is cut off fmooth, as in this next Exam- ple. The Field is Pur- pure , the Probofcide, Trunk or Snout of an Elephant in Pale, cou- ped.flexed, & reflexed, after the form of a Ro- man S, Or. Bara, fag. 147. fcttethdown this for the Coat of CyneusKlng of Scythia, where alio he noteth, That Idomenes King of Thefah the Son oiTteucalion, did bear Gules, a Frobojade of an Elephant after this manner Argent. The Elephant hath great fttengjh A Difplayof Heraldry. in this part, and ufeth it for his hand, and aii other ufes of agility, wherein Nature hath re-, compencedthe unaptnefs of his legs, which o- ther Beafts do ufa to fuch ferviccs. The R* man Hiftories do relate of an Elephant of an huge greatnefs, carried in a mew about Rome, which ( as it palled by ) a little boy pried in his Probofcis ; therewith being enraged , he caft up the child a great height , but received him again on his Snout, and laid him down gently, without any hurt, as if the Ecait had confidered, that for a childiih fault, a childifh fright were revenge enough. Hiitton of Shertc He beareth Argent, a Fefs , between 5 Colts in full fpeed, Sable, by the Name of Colt, and is the bearing of Wil- liam 'Dtitt&n Colt, Efq; Son of George Colt of Colt-hall In Sufolh, Efq; by Elizabeth, Daugh- ter and Coheir of John in GloceJlerJbire,]<,{c{. He beareth Sable, a Fefs , between three Horfes paffant, Argen t, by the name of Stamp. A Horfe erected boit upright, may be term- ed enraged , but his nobieft action is ex- preffed in a Saliant form. This of all Beafts for mans ufes, is moft noble and 6*4 hoofful, either in Peace or War. And fith his fervice and courage in the field is fo emi-u n it may be marvelled, why the Lion lho,"cl efteemed a more honourable bearing : But cfie reafon is, becaufe the Horfes fervice and ft rength is principally by. help of his Rider ; whereas the Lions is his own: And if the Horfe be not mounted, he fights averfe, turning his heels to his Adverfary; but the Lion encoun- ters affront, which is more manly. It is ob- ferved of the Horfe ( as alfo of other whole- footed Beafts) that their Legs are at the firft: as long as ever they will be : and therefore young Foals fcratch their ears with their hin- der foot, which after they cannot do, becaufe their Legs do grow only in bignefs, but not in length, -Flirt, lib. 1 i.eap. 48. The Horfe is a Beaft naturally ftubborn , fierce, haughty, proud and infolent; and of all Beafts there is none that vaunteth more af- ter vidtory obtained , or dejected if he be vanquilhed; none more prone in battel, orde- firousof revenge. Azure, 1 20 A D/fflay of Heraldry. Azure ,a Pega&swith the wings expanded, Argent. This is the Coat belonging to the Honourable Society of the Inner Temple, be- ing one of the four Inns of Court. . He beareth Gules, a Horfe-head couped , Argent, by the Name of Mar/he. The neigh- ing of the Horfe is a token of his great cou- rage, as appeareth Job 29. Haft thou given the Horfe firength, or covered his neck with neighing*, whofe fierce- nefs alfo he Angularly defcribeth thus ; He fzvalloweth the ground for fiercenefs and rage, and he believeth not that it is the noife of the Trumpet. He faith among the Trumpets, Ha, ha; hefmelleth the battel afar off, and the noife of the Captains andjhoutings. He beareth Ermyn, on a Canton , Sable, a Horfe-head couped,Ar- gent, with a Bitt and Rains, Gules, by the Name of Brixton.The undauntable courage of the Horfe Job in the forecited Chapter doth pourtay moft lively, faying, Haft thou ?nade him afraid as the Grafhopper ? his ftrong neighing is fear- ful. He diggeth the valley , and rejoyceth in his flrength l and goeth forth to meet the har- nejjedman. Hemocieth at fear, and is not afraid, andturneth not back from thefword. Though the quiver rattle againft him, the glit- tering Spear and the Shield. To govern him, nolefs needful is the Bitt and Reins fometimes to hold him in, than is the Spur to put him forward: And therefore David likens an un- ruly man to a horfe , which thou muft keep in -with bitt and bridle, led he fall upon thee. He beareth Azure, a Fefs between three Hones heads couped , Argent, by the Name of Skelton, and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Bevil Skelton Efq; eldeft fon of SirJo.Ske/- tou,\xe Lieutenant Go- vernour of 'Plymouth , who was Page of Honor to his Majefty in his Exile, and now one of the Grooms of his Bed-chamber, and Captain of a Company in his Foot Guards. He beareth Gules, a Horfes head couped, be- tween three Crolles Bo- tony fitchee, Argent, by the Name oFAlar/be, and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Thomas Marjke of Darks in the Pari ft of South-Mims in Mid- dlesex, Kt. He beareth Argent, a Fefs , between three AlTes Palfant, Sable,by IBT '■ — Tfll the Name of Askewe. | 11 The Afs is the lively Emblem of Patience , whom therefore our bleifed Saviour (being Patience and Humility it felf) honoured with his own riding ; which hath made fome to fan- cy ever (ince that time , that the black line on the ridge of all Ailes backs , thwarted with the like over both the moulders, is ftampt on them as the mark of his Crofs, whereon he was to fhew his Patience by fuffering for us. He beareth A 1 gent, an Ailes head erafed,Sa- ble , by the Name of Hokenhull; and is born by Richard Hokenhull of Penton in Cheflnre, Efquire ; as alfo by Henry Hokenhull of Tranmore , and John Hokenhull of Hokenhull, both of the faid County, Gentlemen. In the fecond of the Kings we read that Benhadad , King of Aram, did befet the City of Samaria with his Hoft , and laid fo flrait fiege there- unto, as that an Affes head (which as it feem- ethwas reckoned amongft things of leaft e- fteem ) was valued at fourfcore pieces of Sil- ver ; which perhaps gave occaficn to the old Proverb, Afini caput tie laves Nitro, Waft not an AlTes-head with Niter; which is a matter white, like Salt, and full of holes as a Spunge ; where Chap.XlV. A Biff lay of Heraldry. I 2 1 whereby we are admoniflied not to be beftow our time, charge, and travel in matters of fmall momentjand not (as we fay in our Englifh Pro- verb)make more ado about the broth than the meat is worth. He beareth Gules , a Mule palTant, Argent, by the Name of Male. The generation of Mules feemeth to be the inven- tion of Anah the fon of Zibeon : For it is faid, Gen. 36. This was Anah that found Mules in the ivildernefi, as he fed his Father ZibeonV Affes:who not contented with thofe kinds of beads which God had created, found out the monftrous generation of Mules, between an Afs and a Mare. A Mule depicted palTant hath his chiefeft grace. CHAP. XIV. AFter beafts whole-footed, fucceed thofe who are cloven-footed , whether into two parts or more. And firft for thofe which have their feet divided intotwo parts on- ly ,they are for the moft part armed with horns, as the following Examples Ihall illuftrate. And by the way this muft be noted, That thele horned beafts, befides that their Members are born couped and erafedfTike other beafts)have alfo their heads born trunked ; which of fome Armorifls are blazoned Cabofed, of the word Cabo, which in the Spanilh Language doth fig- nifie a head; which form of blazon giveth us to underftand, that it is the head 01 fome fuch beaft, born fole, and of it felf, having no part of the neck thereto adherent; an accident that fel- dom befalleth beafts of other kinds,which mod ufually are born with the neck conjoyned ; which form or bearing you lhall hereafter fee in due place. He beareth Argent,on a bend, Sable, 5 Calves, Or,by the Name of Veal. If thefc Calves live to wear horns, which differ either in metal or in co- lour from the reft of the body, then muft there be fpecial mention of fuch difference in blazoning, as you lhall fee in the next Example. Tliny faith, That Nature feemed to fport her felf in making fuch variety of horns of beafts , as fo many feveral kinds of weapons,wherewith they come armed into the field: for in fome fhe hath made knagged and branched,as in the Red and Fallow Deer; in other plain and uniform with- out Tines, as in Spitters, a kind of Stags which thereupon are called in Latin Subiiloues , and that their horns are like to the blade of a Shoe- makers Awl; but of all other, the horns of the Bull may moft properly be called his Arms, they being of fo piercing and violent a ftroke , as hardly can be refitted. He beareth Ermyn, a BullpalTant,Gules,armed and unguled, Or, by the Name of BevilL The Bull is. the ringleader a- mongft other beafts, and through hope of his in- creafe of breed, he is pri- viledged to range in all paftures with free ingrefs and egrefs. The Bull being gelt changeth both his nature and name, and is called an Ox. The bearing of a Bull, or the head thereof.is a note of valour or magnanimity ; where con- trariwife the bearing of an Ox , or the head thereof, denoteth faintnefs of courage, as Up- ton noteth, That their firft bearers were either gelt perfons, or fuch as had fome notable defeel in the generative parts , as that thereby they became altogether unfit for procreation. He beareth Argent, a Bull's head erafed, Sable, by the Name of Carje- lack. The Bull's head may fignifie a man enra- ged with defire of Re- venge , whom nothing can fatisfie but the utter fpoil and ruin of his Ad- verfary. The field is Luna , a Cheveron,Mars,between three Bull's heads coup- ed, Saturn, armed, Sol. This Coat-Armour per- tained to the Right No- ble Family of Thomas Bulleine Lord Hoo and Hz/?/?/§-j-,Vifcount Roch- ford , who was created Earl of Wtkfiare, and of Ormoud, by the re- nowned King of famous memory, Henry the Eighth, who married the vertuous and beau- teous Lady Anne, daughter of the fame Earl , and Mother to the molt glorious Queen ElU zabeth ; the memory of' whofe long , moft profperous and flounlhing Government, be blelled and eternized to all future Pofteri- ties. He 122 A Difflay of Heraldry. Sea.lii. He beareth Gules , a Cheveron between J Bulls heads trunked or cabofed, Argent, armed Or , by the Name of B.iviham. Bara, a good French Armorift , ufeth neither of thcle words at all , but blazoneth it a Bull's head only ; be- caufe anv head thus born isunderftood to be fo cS * nop*" of the neck be appendant to the{ *™- He beareth Sable, a Cheveron, Ermyn, be- tween 3 Bulls heads ca- bofed, Argent , by the Name of Sanders of Charltwood and Ewell in Surrey, of Iretou in DeriyJIjire, of Barton^ in Staffordjhire, and of the City of London; which Family dwelt at Sanderfted from or be- fore theConqueft, till Richard de Sander/led, foil of Sir Leonard de Schifmate AnglicauoMc. and periflied in Ireland, Anno 1 580. his Lite is in 'Pit's Tie Serif tor. Anglne. He beareth Azure, a Bull's head couped, Ar- gent, winged and arm- ed, Or, by the Name of Hoafl , and is the ' Coat-Armour of Mr. Ttericl- Hoaft of the City of London, Mer- chant. He beareth Gules , a Coat paffant, Argent, by the Name of Baier.Thc Coat is not fo hardy as politick; therefore that martial man which ufeth more policy than valour in atchieving a Victory, may very aptly bear for his' Coat-Armour this beaft. And now I will fliew unto you one Ex- ample of the bearing of the head of this beaft erafed. He beareth Ermyn, a Goat's head erafed , Gules, attired,Or, by the Name of Got ley. By this blazon you may obferve how you ought to teartn the horns of a Goat in Armory, when you find they differ in metal or colour from the beaft, or that particular part 0 r t he beaft which is born. The Philofophers write t h at t he blood of a Goat will moilihe tht , Diamond. He beareth Azure, on a Fefs counter-bat- tilee, between 5 Goats paffant, Argent, as ma- ny Pellets, by the Name of Man , and is born by mil. Man Efq; Sword- V T Etafc) y bearer to the Lord Mh#9.< Mayor of the City of London. He beareth Gules, a Cheveron, Ermyn , be- tween 3 Goats heads e- rafed, Argent , by the Name of Marwuod, and is the Coat-Armour of Henry Marwood of Lit- tle Biisby in Torkjliire , Efq; fon and heir appa- rent of Sir George Mar- wood of the faid place, Bar. which faid Henry was high Sheriff of the faid County, 167^. is now one of the Deputy Lieutenants of the North-Riding,andoneofhis Majefties Juftices of the Peace of the Weft and North-Ridings of the faid County. He beareth Azure,a Fefs wavy, between j Goats heads erafed, Argent, by the Name of Sedley, and with the Arms of V/ffer, is the bearing ofSir Char. Sedley of Southfleet, and of Sir John Sedley of St. Clceres in Jghtarn in the County of K«/t,Baronets. Snce we are no wcomc to treat of beafts of the Foreft, I hold it fit to fpeak fomewhat in my firft entry of their Numbers.Names, Quali- ties , Royalties, Armings, Footings, Degrees of Age,&ci according as they are termed of skil- ful Forefters and Woodmen. And firft of their kinds. Of Beafts of the Foreft,fome areSVenery. Beafts of 2 Chafe. Hart } Hind ( As old Woodmen have Hare > anciently tearmed Boar I them. Of Beafts of Venery there, are five kinds, viz.the Wolf. Thefe Chap. XIII. A D if]) lay of Heraldry. 1 2 5 The fat of all forts of Deer is called Suet. Alfo it may be very well faid, This Deer was a high Deer's Greafe. (Roe V. (Bevy Greafe The fat of a) Boar and > ls , term ^ CHare S ed CGreafe. t Hart Harboureth. \Buck Lodgeth. You ihall fay that \Hare Seateh or Formeth. /Coney Sitteth. - Fox Kenneleth. cDeer p (Broken. You ihall fay a^Hare vis^Cafed. /Fox \ t Uncafed. ( Dillodge 1 (Buck. \Start ( \Hare. You ihall fay/ Unkennel >the /Fox. jRowfe ( ^Hart. (_Bowlt ) (Coney. Thefe have been accounted properly Wild- beafts of the Foreft, or Beafts of Venery. Thefe Beafts are alfocalled Sylv eftre j,/?/ /.Beafts of the Wood or Foreft, becaufe they do haunt the Woods more than the Plains. Proper Names, Seafons, Degrees, and Ages of Bealts of the Foreft and of Chafe.Wherefore Hind or Calf. Brocket. Spayade. Staggard. Stag. Hart, mult obferve that you lhall\ Second/ year you under- iThird \ihall ftand ^Fourth( call that the /Fifth \them ••Sixth J But here by the way we fome ancient Writers do report, That in times paft Forefters were wont to call him a Stag at the fourth year, and not a Staggard , as we do now; and at the fifth year they called him a Great Stag : And fo they were wont to diftin- guifh his leveral Ages by thefe words.Stag and great Stag. The knowledge of the Ordure or Excre- ments of every Beaft of Venery and Chafe is necelfary to be obferved; becaufe their Ordures are a principal note, whereby good Forefters and Woodmen do know and obferve the place of their haunt and feeding, and alfo their e- ftate : And therefore it is a thing highly to be obferved, for that a Forefter or Woodman, in making his reports , ihall be conftrained to re- hearfe the fame. , r Hart The Or- i Hare dure of a | Boar Fox and all . Vermin termed TFumets or I fimaihing | of all Deer. ^Crottelles or crotifing Leffes. Fiantes. Tearms of footing or treading of all Beafts of Venery and Chafe. (Hart ~) fsiot. That of a« u . 1 k an i a11 > is £ f rm ") V^w. JFallow Deerf ed ) Traitor i Boar ) ( Treading. That of an Hare is tearmed according to her feveral Courfes : for when ihe keepeth in plain fields , and chafeth about to deceive the Hounds, it is faid ihe Doublelh ; but when ihe beateth the plain high-way, where you may yet perceive her footing, it is faid ihe Prick- eth. Tearms of the Tayl. That of a Hart Buck,Roe, or a- ny other Deer [ ^ i Boar Fox Tayl. Single. Wolf Hare and Co- ney. | -a | Wreath. ■» g < Buili , or holy wa- ter fprinkle. Stern. Scut. rHart or Buck t, I Roe 03 I Eoar =5 j Hare or ? cS < Coney $ g [Fox >i Wolf l t> > to oethfhL ithe j~Rut. I Tourn. 1 Brym. ]Buck. Clicketting. Match, or his Make, Tearms excogitated and ufed by Forefters. Belloweth. Groaneth. Belleth. "K Beateth - Buck Roe Hare % < and 3 o Coney in Fox Wolf or Tagpeth Barketh. Howleth, (Litter of You ihall) Cubs, fay a INeft of . C Rabbets. Skilful Forefters and goood Woodmen Do ufe Herd Herd Bevy Sounder Rowt Riches Brace or Harts. All manner of Deer. Roes. Swine. Wolves. I Marternes. tol ay> a, jLeafe | Brace t or ' Leafe I Brace I or Leafe l.Couple of J Bucks. Foxes. Hares. .Rabbets or Conies. Thefe are apt tearms of Hunting, pertaining both to Beafts of Venery and of Chafe. Whereas fome men are of opinion, that a Stag, of what age fbever he be, ihall not be called a Hart until the King or Queen have hunted him ; that is not fo : For after the fifth year of his age, you ihall no more call him a S 2 ' Stag, 2 4 A Diftlay of Heraldry* 5€C a.m. Stag, but a Hart. So then at fix years old he is called a Hart. Now if the King or Queen do hunt or chafe him, and he efcape away a- live, then after fuch hunting or chafing, he is called a Hart Royal. Note, That if this Hart be by the King or Queen fo hunted or chafed, that he be forced out of the Foreft fo farr , that it is unlike that he will of himfelf return thitherto again, and then the King or Queen giveth him over,either for that he is weary, or becaufe he cannot re- cover him ; for that fuch a Hart hath fhewed the King paftime for his delight, and is alfo (as Eudem noteth ) Eximim Cervtis, a goodly- Hart ; and for that the King would have him return to the Foreft again, he caufeth open Proclamation to be made in all Towns and Vil- lages near to the place where the fame Hart fo remaineth , That no manner of perfon or perfons fliall kill, hurt, hunt or chafe him, but that he may fafely return to the Foreft again from whence he came. And then ever after fuch a Hart is called a Hart Royal proclaim- ed. f Hart. So that there are three) Hart Royal, forts of Harts, viz. S and (ed. (Hart Royal proclaim- A Hind hath thefe Degrees. Firft ) Q Calf. Second iYear is called a< Brockets fifter. Third S CHinde. Good Forefters have obferved, that when a Hart hath pad his fixth year, he is generally to be called a Hart of Tcnne ; and after- wards according to the increafe of this Head: f Advancers. la Palm. Spellers. And though every Gentleman is not an Ar- morift, oraskilfull Woodman, yet it is well- befeeming men of a generous race to have a fuperficial skill in either of thefe profeflions , forafmuch as they both(efpecialiy the former) do well befeem the dignity of a Gentleman ; the one tending to the delight and recreation of the mind,and the other to the health,folace, and exercife of the body : that fo in their mu- tual converfe they may be able to deliver their minds in fit tearms in either kind, and not in fpeeches either vulgar or obfolete. For which caufe I here fet down the tearms ap- propriated (by skilfull Forefters and Wood- men) to Beads of Chafe , according to their feveral Names, Seafons, Degrees, and Ages , like as I have formerly done of Beafts of Ve- nery, as in Example. Of Beafts of Chafe the Buck is the firft, ed the Next to the Buck is the Doe, being account- ed the fecond Beaft of Chafe, And isC Firft } CFawn. term- < Second \. year a ^Prickets filter, ed the C Third ) £Doe. The third Beaft of Chafe is a Fox, which al- beit he be faid to be politick, and of much fub- tilty, yet is the variety of tearms of a Fox ve- ry fcarce: Firft " rFawn. Second Pricket. Third 1 Sorel. Fourth 'y eara >ck of Fifth the firft J head. Sixth 1 Buck, or great 1 Buck. ^Firft p VQib. For in the j War, lie is called a < (Second} (Fox. Afterwarwards an old Fox, or the like. The Marterri, or Marton (as fome old Fore- fters or Woodmen do tearm them) being the fourth Beaft of Chafe, hath thefe tearms. He is called the< CFirft "Martern Cub; />yeara^ 'Second J ^Martern. The fifth and laft Beaft of Chafe is the Roe, vvhofe proper tearms, pertaining to Chafe , are thefe : Firft » Second / He is faid JThird I to be the \ Fourth /> eara < Fifth Kid. Girl. 'Hein ufe. i Roe-buck of firft head. Farr Roe-buck ths Thefe Beafts of Chafe do make their abode J a11 the day time in the Fields, and upon the j Hills and high Mountains, where they may fee round about them afar off, for preventing their ! danger : For thefe are more timerous of their own fafety, than dangerous and harmful to men. And in the night time, when men be at reft, and all things quiet, then do they make their repair to the Corn-fields and Medows for food and relief ; for which refpecft they are cal- led Campefiies, becaufe they do haunt the Field and Champion grounds more than the Woods and thick Coverts or Thickets , as we do molt ufually obferve them. Hebeareth Argent, on a Mount, Proper, a Stag lodged, Gules, by the Name of Hart bill. The Stag is a goodly beaft, full of ftate in his gate and view, and ( amongft Beafts of Chafe ) reputed the chief for principal same and exercife. It is obferved of him , that finding himfelf fat, he ever lodgeth and fculk- eth in fecret places to avoid chafing, as know- ing himfelf worth following and worth fcflj ling (as was laid of the great Stag at KiUtv?- ■worth) but moft unfit for flying. He 126 A 'Difflay of Heraldry. s c a. til. He beareth Sable , a Stag ftanding at Gaze, Argent* attired and un- gated, Or, by the Name of Jones of Monmottth- jhire. The Stag which trft you faw lodged, you now fee ftandmg, as liftnitlg to the approach of any danger. And Na- ture having denied this beaft other fecunties, yet hath indued him with two excellent fa- vours above others; the one, exceeding rcpudk- nefsof hearing", to foreknow his hazards, and fo the fooner to prevent them (for whi h caufe the Stag is amongft the Emblems of. the fiyeSenfes, reprefenting the Hearing Q the o- ther exceeding fpeed of foot, to fly Irom the danger when it approacheth. He beareth Argent, a Stagtripping.Proper, attired and ungulcd, Or, by the Name of Holm. The Hart born in Arms (faith pgtoti) betokeneth fometimes one skilful inMufick.or fuchanone as taketh a felicity and delight in harmony : Alfo, a man that is wife and poli- tick, and well forefecthhis times and oppor- tunities; a man unwilling to affail the Enemy raflily, but rather defirous to ftand on his own guard honeftly, than to annoy another wrong- fully. Sable , a Buck trip- pant, and Chief Inden- ted, Or. This with the Arms of Vlfter, is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Sir William Humble of the City of Louden, and of Stratford in the Parifli of Weftham in Effex, Baronet. He beareth Azure, a Stag, Argent, with an Arrow ltuck in the back, and attired, Or, by the Name of Bow- en. This is the Coat- Armour of George Bo-wen of Kittlehill in Glamorganpire , Efq; lineally defend- ed from, and prefent Heir unto the ancient Family of the Bowens of Court-houfe in the Seignioury of Gower in the faid County. Tins Coat, with the difference of a fecond ' Brother, is born by John Bo-wen ol iwanjey in the faid County, Efq; , He beareth Vert, a Stag fpringing forwards, Or, by the Name of GUf.aud. Tlmy faith, That horns are fo mol- lified with wax , whilft they are yet growing upon the" heads of the beafts , that they may be made capable of fun- dry impreffions, and are made divifible into many parts: but Nature needcth not th,s de- vice, neither can Art form a fafhion of more ftately decency , than fhe hath done on the Stae All horns in a manner be hollow, fave that towards the pointed tip they be fohd and malflie. Only Deer, both Red and Fal- low, have them lolid throughout. Argent, Fretty Vert, a Stag fpringing for- wards, Sable, attired, Or, by the Name of Warntt of Siijjex. He beareth Azure, a Stag in his full courfe, Or, purfued hotly by a brace of Dogs,Argent, all bend-ways and at random, by the Name of Tardeley. Though horns be alligned to the Stag, Buck, and o- ther like beafls , for weapons both offenfive and defenfive ; yet do they feldom ufe them to thofe ends , being therein like many Gallants well attired and armed, but it is more for fnew than for ufe, when it comes to proof. So David fpeaks of of fome , who carrying bows turned their backs ; as having arms, but wanting hearts. And it may be, the Hart hath his name ( as Hons d movendo~) for being heartlefs: But fure it is, that all the Armour in the Tower is not enough to arm a Daftard's heart. He Chap-XlV. A Dijjlay of Heraldry. 127 He beareth Vert, a Fefs between three Bucks in full courfe, Or, by the Name of Robertson. This kind of Deer is called Cer- vus Talmatus, for the refemblance that his horns have with the hand and lingers. This bead repofeth his fafety chiefly in flight, wherein he is very fwift in cafe of purfuit : his colour molt commonly fandy , with a black ftrakc along his back ; their fides and belly fpottcd with white , which fpots they lofe through age : their Females are more variable in colour, as being fometimes all white. He beareth Vert, on a Cheveron between three Bucks tripping, Or, as many Cinque- foils, Gules , by the Name of/?oi£/«/o;2,and is the Paternal Coat- Armour oiThomas Ro- binfon of the Inner- Temple, London, Efq; chief Prothonotary of his Majefties Court of Common Tlca-s; defend- ed fro.n Nicholas Ro&htfon of Bofion in Lin- colnjhire, Gent, who lived in the time of King Henry the Seventh. Although this beaft,as a Coward , flieth with his weapons ; yet two times there ar* when he dares turn head on his foe : the one is when it is for his life, as when he is chafed out of breath , and his ftrength fo fpent that he cannot by flight dca.ye,T>efpera- tiofacit audacem. He is more than a Coward that will not fight when he fees his cafe defpe- rate ; and therefore it is a general rule in good policy, never to put them to the utmoft exi- gent and extremity , with whom we defire to prevail , according to the old Englilh Pro- verb, Compel- a Coward to fight, and he will kill the Devil : which was the caufe that the Romans, landing in this Kingdom, burnt their own Navy, thereby-to enforce the Army to be refolute, by defpairing of any efcape of return by Sea again. The other time of the Stag's courage is for his love, at which time he will right to the death with his Rival or Hinderer of his hot defire, He beareth Azure, 3 Bucks tripping,Or, by the Name of Green. The Buck is a worthy bead, and hath a de- gree and meafureof all the properties of the Stag, but cometh far fhort of his ftatelinefs and boldnefs(fer there are degrees of courage even amongft Cow- ards.) And Nature hath made his horn rather broad, for a defenfive buckler.thanfharp.as the Stags,for the thruft. Their beft quality is, that they are fociable, and love to keep together in Herds, which is the property of all harmlefs and peaceable Creatures, which are of comfort and courage only in company ; whereas all beafts and birds of prey are given to wander folitary, neglecting focieties : And that made the Philofopher fay, That a folitary and unfo- ciable man was either a Saint or a Devil. He beareth Or , a Cheveron Nebule,Ar- gent and Azure , be- tween three Bucks iri fullcourfe,Vert,by the Name of Swift , and is born by Godwin Swift of Goodridge in the County of Here- ford, Efq; one of the Society of Grays-Inn > defcended from the Swifts of Torkjhire. He beareth Argent, aFefs, Azure, between three Stagsftanding at gaze or guardant , Gules,by the Name of Robertfon. Sometimes the Females, both of Red and Fallow Deer, to wit , Hinds and Does,as well as Stags and Bucks, are born in Coat-Armour; but fuch bearing is holden lefs commendable than that of Males, becaufe Mafculinum dignitts efl Fte- minim, as Arifiotle witnelTeth, Topic, r . The Male is ever nobler than the Female. To prove that Females are born alfo, I have (out of ma- ny Examples)feledted one of rare bearing,here next following. He beareth Sable, two Hinds counter- tripping in Fefs , Ar- gent , bv the Name of Cottingh.m. Tliny in his Natural Hifiory, Lib. 9. writeth, That among all forts of teafts, the Males are more ftomachful, and of greater courage than the Females,excepting in Panthers and Bears : and that thofe parts that Nature hath bellowed upon beafts , to ferve them (as it were) inftead of weapons, as teeth, horns, ftings, and other fuch like , fhe hath given them efpecially unto the Msles, as to thofe that are both better and ftronger, and hath left the Females altogether difarmedj whereof Martial writeth in this manner, Dcnte 128 A Difflay of Heraldry. Dcnte iBetw4#M«**# cornua C ervum: Imbclles 'Darn*, quid nifipredajumus i The Boars Tufts him p-otelf ; the Hart trufts to his Horn : j. We hannlelSarmleJl Hinds for prey are left forlorn. He beareth Or, a Fefs between three Hinds tripping, Sable, by the Name ofjekell or Jelyll, being the Coat of ' Thomas Jekyll of Backing in Effex , Efq; but refiding at Deftford in Kent. ThisCoat is alio an in- ftance of the alterati- on of Efcocheons heretofore fometimes made upon Marriages or the like occafions by Li- cence, as appears amongft the Evidences of this Family, and by the Records thereunto re- lating in the Office of Arms. He beareth Argent, 3 Stags heads couped, Sable, by the Name of Rigmaiden.Some Au- thors are of opinion, That the Attires of Gentlewomens heads were firft found out anddevifed by occafi- on of the fight of the horns of this bead, becaufe they are feemly to behold, and do become the bead right-well ; and thatNature beftowed horns on them,more for Ornament than AlTault , appears by this, that they repofe their fafety rather in their fpeedy footmanlhip, than in the ftrength of their heads.The Tines of the Stag's head do in- creafe yearly, until he hath accomplifhed the full number of feven years, and then decreafe again. The Field is Diamond 3 Stags heads trunk- ed,Or, cabofed, Pearl, attired, Topaz. This is the Coat-Armour of the Right Noble Hen- ry Duke , Marquefs , and Earl of Newcaftle, Earl of Ogle, Vifcount MansfieldfiaronOgle , Bertram and Bolej- merepnz of the Gentlemen of his MajefUes Bed-chamber , and Lords of his moft Ho- nourable Privy Councel, and Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland, and Town and County of Nc^icafile upon Tyne. This Coat is alio born by the Right Honou- rable William Earl of Devot/Jhire, Baron Ca- vendifi of Hardwick , and Lord Lieutenant of the County of 'Derby. Gules, three Bucks heads cabofed, Argent, is born by the Name of TJoyley , and is the Coat-Armour of Sir William Ti'oyley of St. Margarets Weftminfter in Middle' ex Son and Heir of Sir William Ti'oyley of Shotijliam in Norfolk, Knight and Baronet. Gules, three Stags heads cabofed ; Or, atti- red, Argent, is born by the Name of Faldo of Bedfordshire. For two refpeds I have infertcd this Coat ; the one in regard that the Attires are of a different metal from the heads, which is not ufual ; the other to fhew that Sir John Ferne,m his Book entituled, The Blazon of Gentry, pag.zqe. fetteth down for the Armo- rial Enfigns of this Family, a Coat of Device , which lie fuppofeth to have been invented by fome of the Anceftors thereof : which (as he faith) was very ancient, yet no Coat of Arms, as indeed it is not.but a meer fantaftick device; which being fo , he had done much better to have exprelied the true Paternal Coat of that Family, as it is here expreffed, rather than the adulterate or counterfeit Coat, which neither relilheth of true Armory , nor yet of any fliarpnefs of ingenious Device or Invention. He beareth Gules , 3 Bucks heads couped, Or, by the Name of Deering. The bearing of the head of any li- ving thing , betoken- eth Jurifdidion and Authority to admini- fter Juftice, and to ex- ecute Laws : For the greateft efteem of the head in Coat- Armour is in refped of the more noble ufe thereof; for by it is the whole body governed and direded, and is called in Latin Caput, Quia capiat omnes fenfus ; and he that is a Head Jhould be fure to have all his Senfes about him , as the Head hath. He beareth Diamond, a Chcveron between three Bucks heads ca- bofed, Pearl. This is the bearing of the Right Honourablei?e- bert Vifcount Bulkf- ley of ca/haw in Ire- land, and refiding at Barrow-hill near Beaumarii in the IJle of Angle jet. He Chap.XlV. A Difplay of Heraldry: 129 He beareth Pearl , a Eend engrailed, Saphire, between 2 Bucks heads cabofed , Diamond, and is the Paternal Coat-Ar- mour of the Right Ho- nourable Thomas Lord Nc^dham, Vifcount Kil- mnrrey in the Kingdom of Ireland.' He beareth Argent, on a Fefs Sable, three Stags heads erafed, Or, by the the name of Bradford. Sir John Feme, in Lu- cie's Nobility, faith,T/W the head of any Beaft born erafed, as this is, is one of the befl manner of bearings. The heads of fuch horned Beafls were wont to be held fa- cred to Apollo and Diana ; perchance becaufe 'Diana fignified the Moon, which is her felf a horned Creature ; and Apollo, for being a good Bowman , deferved the horns for his re- ward. He beareth Argent,a Che- veron , between 3 Bucks heads erafed,Gules,by the Name of Collingwood , and is the Coat-Armour of Daniel Collingwood of Brantcn, Northum- berland, Efquire, Major to the Queens Troop of his Ma jetties Guard, Go- vernour of his Majeftie's Caftle in Holy Ifland in the Bifhoprick of Durham, Deputy Lieutenant of the faid County of Northumberland, and a Member of Parliament for the Town of Bar- wick upon Tweed. Azure, a Bucks head cabofed, Argent, is the Paternal CJoat-Armour of George Legge Efquire, Governour of Tortf- mouth , Mafter of the Horfe to his Royal High- nefs James Duke of Tori, Lieutenant of his MaieftiesForeft of Alce- holt and Waolmcr in Hant/ljire , and one of the Deputy Lieutenants of the faid County , Commander of his Majefties Ship the Royal Katherine, and one of the principal Officers of his Majefties Ordnance. Of all the parts or members of Beafts,Birds, or other living things, the bearing of the head (next to the whole bearing ) is reckoned moft honourable, for that it fignifieth that the own- er of fuch Coat-Armour ieared not to (land to the face of his Enemy. . Argent , a Bucks head cabofed, Gules , is born by the name of Trye. He beareth Sable , a Bucks head cabofed , be- tween two flanches , Or, by the name of Tarker, and is the Coat of Henry 'Barker of Honivgton in Warwickfljire, Efquire , as alfo of Ed-ward Tar- ker of Tlimpton St. Ma- ries in Devonjliire , E- fquire. This Coat-Armour feemeth to have fomecongruity with the name of the Bearer, it being a name borrowed from the Office , which it is probable the firft Anceftor of this family held, viz. a Park-keeper, which in old Englifh was called Tarker, who by Office hath the charge of the Beaft whofe head is born in this Efcocheon. He beareth Argent, three Rain-Deers heads, trucked or cabofed, Sa- ble , by the Name of Bowet. If you lliould have occafion to make mention of the horns of any fort of Deer, by rea- fon that they be of a dif- ferent Metal or Colour from their Bodies , you muft tearm them At- tired. If upon like occafion you iliall fpeak of their Claws, you muft fay they be Unguled, of the Latin word Oug «/^,which fignifieth the Hoof or Claws of a Beaft. He beareth Sable , a Cheveron between three Attires of a Stag, fixed to the Scalp, Argent, by the Name of Cocks. This Coat, with the Arms of ZJlfter , is born by Sir Richard Cocks of Dun- bleton in Glocejferfljire, Baronet : And without the Arms of ZJlfter, by Sir John Cocks of Nor- they in Glocefterfiire, Kt. And by Thomas Cocks of Caftle-ditcb in Herefordshire, Efquire. The Stag doth mew his head every year,unlefs he be caltrated or gelt whilft his head is in his prime : For in fuch cafe he never meweth his head, neither doth his Beam burr, or Tynes augment, or diminifh any more, but continue ftill in the fame ftate wherein they were at the time of his Caftration. Forefters and Hunters do call this yearly mewing of their heads the Beauty of their T wad. 130 A Diftlay of Heraldry. Sea.III. Wildnefs , and not the Mewing of their I Horns as the Latinifts do tearm it. j Thefe having mewed their heads, do be- take themfelves to the thick Brakes and Co- verts to hide them, as well knowing they are difarmed of their natural weapons ; and there- fore do never willingly fhew themfelves a- broad in the day time, until the Spring that they begin to bud and burgeon toward their renovation of force. Horns do betoken Strength and Fortitude , inafmuch as God hath bellowed them upon Beads to be unto them Inftruments or Wea- pons, as well offenfive as defeafive ; as we may probably gather bv that which is lpoken by the Prophet 'David, Tfal. 7J. >z. All the horns of the ungodly will I breakout the horns of the righteous Jball be exalted. This Field is Sol,three Attires of a Stag , I orn Paly,Barry,Saturn. This Coat- Armour pertaineth to the Renowned Fami- ly of the moft High, Pu- iifant, and Noble Prince Frederick , late Duke of Wirtemberge ',and of Tec, Count of Mountbeliard, Lord of Bevdenheib, &c. and Knight of the moft Noble "Order of the Garter. The Stags, having caft their horns, do skulk in fecret and defolate places, becaufe they find themfelves difarmed and deftitute of their former ftrength, which maketh them more careful of their i'afe- ty, as JEliautts noteth. He beareth Argent, an Unicorn Seiant , Sable , Armed and Unguled,Or, by the Name of Hur- ling. The Unicorn hath his nama of his one horn on his forehead. There is another Beaft of a huge ftrength and greatnefs , which hath but one horn , but that is growing on his Snout , whence he is called Rmoceros, and both are named Monoceros , or One-homed, It hath been much queftioned amongft Naturalifts, which it is that is properly called the Uni- corn : and fomc have made doubt whether there be any fuch Beaft as this, or no. But the great efteem of his horn ( in many pla- ces to be feen ) may take away that needlefs icruple. He beareth Gules , an Unicorn tripping , Ar- gent, Armed and Llngu- led, Or , by the Name of Mufterton. Touch- ing the invincible Na- ture of this Beaft, Job faith, Wilt thou truft him becaufe his ftrength is great , and caft thy labour unto him t Wilt thou believe h~im , that he will bring home thy feed , and gather it into thy Barn ? And his Vertue is no lefs fa- moufed than his Strength, in that his horn is fuppofed to be the moft powerful Antidote a- gainft Poifon : Infomuch as the general con- ceit is, That the wild Beafts of the Wilder- nefs ufe not to drink of the Pools, for fear of venomous Serpents there breeding, before the Unicorn hath ftirred it with his horn. How- foever it be, this Charge may very well be a reprefentation both of ftrength or courage , andalfoof vertuous difpofitions and ability to do good ; for to have ftrength of body without the gifts and good qualities of the mind, is but the property of an Ox, but where both con- cur, that may truly be called manlinefs. And that thefe two fhould confort together , the Ancients did fignifie, when they made this one word, Virtus, to imply both the ftrength of body, and vertue of the mind. He beareth Sable, three Unicorns in Pale, current, Argent, Armed, Or, by the Name of Farrington. It feemeth by a queftion moved by Farnefius, That the U- nicorn is never taken a- live ; and the reafon be- ing demanded, it is an- fwered, That the greatnefs of his mind is fuch, that he chufeth rather to die than to be taken alive : wherein (faith he) the Unicorn and the valiant minded Souldier are alike , which both contemn death, and rather than they will be compelled to undergo any bafe fervitude or bondage , they will lofe their lives. He beareth Gules , j Unicors heads , couped, Argent, by the Name of Shelly. The Unicorn is an untamable Beaft by nature, as may be ga- thered by the words of Job, chap. 39. Will the Vnicom ferve thee, or will he tarry by thy crib 7 . Caufl thou bind the ZJnicorn with his band to labour in the furrow, or will he plough the valleys after thee 1 He Chap.XIV. A Difplay of Heraldry. I 2 I Hebeareth Argent, a Cheveron, Ermyns, be- tween three Unicorns heads couped, Sable, by the Name of Head, and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Richard Head of the City of Rochefler in Kent, Baronet. He beareth Sable , a Camel pafl'ant, Argent, by the Name of Camel. ThisCoat-Armour fland- eth in Bury - Tomeroy Church in the County of Devon. This Bead far furpafleth the Horfe in fwiftnefs in travel , to whom he is a hateful E- After all thefe cloven footed Beads , I will add one more, no way inferiour in fto- mack and abfolute refolution to any of the for- mer. nemy. He beareth Argent, a Boar pa(Tant,Gules,Arm- ed,Or, by the Name of Trewarthen. The Boar, though he wanteth horns, is no way defe- ctive in his Armour ; nay he is beyond thofe for- merly exemplified, and is counted the mod ab- folute Champion amongd Beads, for that he hath both weapons to wound his foe, which are his drong and fliarp Tusks, and alfo his Target to defend himfelf; for which he ufeth often to rub his Ihoulders and fides againd Trees , thereby to harden them againd the ftroke of his Adverfary : And the fliield of a Boar well managed, is a good buckler againd that cruel Enemy called Hunger. He beareth Argent , 3 Boars heads couped, Sable, Armed,Or, by the Name of Cradoci. The Boar is fo cruel and flo- mackful in his fight, that he foameth all the while for rage ; and againd the time of any encounter he often whetteth his Tusks to make them trie more piercing. The Boar hath been much honoured by being the Creft of an Earl, which feemeth to be given to the Houfe of Verc, becaufe Verres is the Name of a Boar in Latin. of good Antiquity He beareth Gules , a Cheveron between three Boars heads couped ( Ar- gent , Armed , Or , by the Name of White, and is thus born by Sir JVf- pheu White Kt. formerly of the City of London, and now of the Parifh of Hackney in Middlefex , defended from a Family Norfolk. The bearing of the Boar in Arms betoken- eth a man of a bold fpirit, skilful, politick in Warlike feats, and one of that high refolution, that he will rather die valoroufly in tlie field , than he will fecure himfelf by ignominious flight. He is called in Latin Aper ( according to Fame fins') ab affcritate, becaufe he is lo iharp and fierce in conflict with his foe. And this is a fpecial property in a Souldier , that he be fierce in the encountring his Enemie , and he bear the ihock or brunt of the conflict with a noble and magnanimous Courage ; . Miles c- nim dura e> afperaperfringit anirni @) virium robore. He beareth Topaz, % Boars heads erected and erafed, Diamond, Arm- ed, Topaz. This is the bearing cf the Right Honorable George Booth, Baron Tie lamer, ofDuv- ham-Majfey in Chefhire : from whbfe Family is dc- fcended Sir Rob. Booth of Salford in Lane Or Jlnre Kt. now Lord Chief Juflice of his Maje- dies Court of Common Tie as in Ireland, and one of his mod Honourable Privy Council for the faid Kingdom , Grandchild of Humphrey Booth of Salford aforefaid, Efq; who in his life time erected a Chappel there , and endow- ed it with a liberal Maintenance ; as alfo left to the poor of the faid Parifli 20 (. per Annum for their relief. This Coat with a due difference appertain- ed to Richard Booth of the City of London ; Efq; who defcended from the Booths of Wit- ton in War-jjickjloire , where the faid Family have been feated four Generations. Here thofe which are young Students in Armory may learn to be careful in obferving the manner of the pofition of the Charge of the Field, by comparing thefe two lad Coat- Armours toge- ther, admitting that they neither of them dif- fer in Metal nor Colour, and that the Boars heads in both Efcocheons were couped or era- fed ; yet the very manner of the pofition of them were diffident difference to vary one Coat- Armour from the other. T 2 Gules; 1 3 A Difflay of Heraldry. SeS.Ill. Gules, on a Bend, Er- minois , between two Cottizes , Or , 3 Boars heads couped , Argent , by the Name of Edg- cotnbe, and is the pater- nal Coat-Armour ot Sir Richard Edgcombe of Mount-Edgcombe in T)e- vonjlnre, Knight of the Bath. He beareth Azure, 3 Cups, Or, out of each a Boars head erected, Ar- gent , by the Name of Bowles. This with the Arms of Ulster is the Coat - Armour of Sir "John Bowles of Scramp- ton in Lincolnshire, Ba- ronet. This Coat is alfo born by Sir William Bowles of St. James Clarkenwell in Middle- [ex, Kt. one of the Gentlemen of his Majeftie's Privy Chamber in Ordinary. He beareth Azure, a Cheveron between fix Rams accofted counter- tripping, two, two, and two , by the Name of Harman of Rendlefliam in the County of Suffolk. The chiefeft ftrength of the Ram confifteth in his head. He beareth Azure, a Toifon d'Or within a bordure of Scotland. This with the Arms of Ulfter is the Paternal Coat- Armour of Sir Ro- bert Jafon of Broad So- merford in the County of Wilts, Baronet. He beareth Gules , three holy Lambs, ftaff, crofs and banner, Ar- gent , by the Name of Rowe of Lamerton in the County of Devon. The holy Lamb is a ty- pical reprefentation of our bleffed Saviour, who is underftood by divers to be that Lamb mentioned in the Afocalyfs of Saint John : And all the Chriftian Churches acknowledge him for the Lamb 0/ God that ta- knh away 1 be fins of the world. This kind of bearing may well befit a brave refolute Spirit, who undertakes a war for ChritVs caufe. He beareth Sable , a Cheveron between three Rams heads couped, Ar- gent, by the Name of Ramsey of Bitcbam in the County of Bucking- ham , of which Family was Adam Ramfey, En- quire for the body to Ring Richard the Se- cond. The Ram is the Captain of the whole flock. I fhall not need to mention the great profit that is brought to this Kingdom by the Winter-Garment of this beaft. CHAP. XV. Hitherto of fuch beads as we call_ Anima- lia bifitlca, which have their feet part- ed only into two Claws : The next part of our Diftribution containeth thofe which are called Multifida , which have many Claws ; of which fort are not only Lions,Bears, Wolves, and others of fierce and ravenous kind , that live by prey and fpoil ; but fuch alfo as are of timorous nature, whofe chiefeft fafety confift- eth rather in fwiftnefs of foot, than in any o- ther means, as Foxes, Hares , Conies, and o- thers of lefs harmful kind , whereof I will give particular Examples : But firft I will offer unto your heedful Obfervation certain Notes , as well of general as of particular ufe, concern- ing beafts of this kind ; not forgetting (by the way ) fuch Rules and Obfervations as have been already commended to your regard , that efpecially touching mixt bearing of Ordinaries and common Charges, which muft ferve for a Regular Direction throughout our whole Work. And in delivery of thefe Obfervati- ons and Examples, I hold it fit to begin with beafts of fierce nature , and firft with the Lion, reckoned the King of beafts ; Tlignioribus e- fiim digniora loca [tint danda, Higheft perfon highelt place. Some French Armorifts are of opinion,That the Lion fhould never be madeGuardant,or full- faced, affirming that to be proper to the Leo- pard, wherein they offer great indignity to that royal beaft, in that they will not admit him (faith Upton) tofhewhis full face, the fight whereof doth terrifie and aftonifh all the beafts of the field , and wherein confifteth his chiefeft Majefty, and therefore may not be denied that Prerogative, Quia omnia Animalia debent de- fingi & defiguari in fuo ferociori aSfu, ex illis emm atlibus niagis vigorem [mm oftendunt. All Chap. XV. A Difplay of Heraldry. 33 All bealls fliould be fer. forth in their mod ge- nerous action s tor therein they fliew their chiefeft vigour. As concerning the true Note whereby the Leopard is diflinguilhed from the Lion, Upton lib. de Armis wnteth thus , Cog- no\atur Leopardus a Leone, quia Leopardu: ubique depingitnr habens naturahter maculas ntgras, cumgrojfo capite, & eft Annual fl a- r.ttm non hifpidum : Leo verb habet unnm colo- rem continuum, cumpetlore hijpido,cum cert is jubu in cauda. The Leopard is portrayed with black fpots , and a great head , and no where ihaggy ; whereas the Lion is one colour, lhaggy brealted, with a certain tuft of hair in his tram. So that it is evident that the Leo- pard is notably diftinguifh'd both in fliape and colour, and not by his full-faced Countenance, as they dream. "Moreover Upton faith, That he hath often obferved Leopards born by di- vers Noblemen, as well half-faced as guard- ant. It is obferved that the generous nature of the Lion is difcerned by his plentiful lhaggy locks that do cover his neck and fhoulders, which are infallible tokens of his noble Courage, efpeci- ally if thofe his locks be crifped and curled, and ihort withal. Such Lions were thofe whereof Saint Hierom mzketh mention, In vitaTanli EtremitiC, hying,Talia in anima volvente,ecce duo Leoues ex interiom Eremi parte curren- ts , ■volantibm per colla jubu ferebantur : Two Lions came running with their lhaggy locks wavering about their flioulders. _ More- over the thicknefs of the Lion's mane is a te- ftimony of his generous birth, and by the fame he is diflinguilhed from the degenerate and ba- ftard race of Leopards begotten between the adulterous Lionels and the Parde, which are naturally deprived of this noble mark ,• and not only fo, but they are alfo bereft of that bold and invincible Courage that the generous fort of Lions have. For thefe refpedts the degene- rate brood of Lions are called in Latin,fo£f lie s Leone. c,that is, Heartlefs and Cowardly Lions; whereas the true Lion is termed in Latin, Ge- nerdfus Leb, quiagenerofum eft quod d natura fua nou degeneravit ; That is generous which "degenerateth not from his kind : by which rea- fon a man of Noble Defcent, and Ignoble Con- ditions, is not truly generous, becaufe he de- generateth from the Vermes of his Ance- ltors. Lions, Bears, Wolves, and other beafts of ravening kind, when they are born in Arms feeding, you muft tearm them in blazon Ra- ping, and tell whereon. To all beafts of prey Nature hath aftigned teeth and talons of crook- ed foape, and therewithal of great iharpnefs, to the end they may ftrongly feize upon and detain their prey , and fpeedily rend and di- vide the fame. And therefore in blazoning of beafts of this kind , you muft not omit to men- tion their teeth and tallons , which are their only Armour ; for by them they arc diftinguifli- ed from thofe tame and harmlefs beafts , that have their teeth knocked out, and their nails pared fo near to the quick, as that they can neither bite nor fcratch with much harm. Thofe teeth and tallons are for the moft part in Coat- Armours made of a different colour from the bodies of the beafts ; and therefore in bla- zoning of beafts of this kind, when you fpeak of their teeth or tallons, you mall fay they are thus or thus Armed. So likewife if you pleafe to fpeak of their tongues, you ihall fay they are thus or thus Langued. To bear a Lion or whatfoever Animal in a diverle colour from his kindly or natural co- lour, as to bear a blue, green, red, purple Li- on, Bear, &c. or whatfoever other colour dif- ferent from that which is natural unto him , is not a bearing reproachful, though difagreeing to his Nature, if we confider of the occafion of their primary conftitution ; Jor that the cuftome of fuch bearing feemeth to have pro- ceeded from eminent perfons , who habiting themfelves either for their fports of Hunting , or for Military Services ( as beft fitted their phantafies) would withal fute their Armours and Habiliments with colours anfwerable to their habits, with the fhapes and portraitures of forged and counterfeit Animals. Or elfe perhaps by occafion of fome civil tumults, as that between the Gnelphi and the Gibelivi in Italy, they perhaps of each faction bearing Lions, Bears , and Wolves , or other Animals , to avoid confufion, and to the end the one of them fhould not be entrapped by the other of the contrary faction, when they were intermixed one with another, and that their valorous actions might be more particu- larly difcerned from the other,they diftinguiih- ed themfelves by different and unlike coloured Garments, that fo each Governour and Leader might know thofe that were of his own facti- on. The like may we obferve to have been of late years ufed among our felves, when private factions have fprung amongft us ; one fort was known from others of the contrary faction by a Carnation Ribond worn about, or in his Hat ; or by a Crimfon Feather, or other thing : the contrary faction wearing like thing , but in a 1 different colour or fafhion. The Lion (faith Upton) faffing thorow ftotiy places, doth contract his Tallons within his fieJJj, and fo walketh on his feet as if he had no Tallons at all, keeping them exceeding choicely, leff he jhould dull and blunt their Jljarpnefs , and fo become lefs able to at- tach and rend his prey. And this property feemeth not to be peculiar to a Lion, but com- mon to all beafts of rapine ; as Tliuy afcribeth the fame property to Leopards, Panthers, and fuch other, as well as to the Lion. Not only Lions, but alfo all other beafts of ravenous kind (according to Bekenhawf) do bring forth their voung in fome part defective; J 34 A Diftlay of Heraldry. Seft. I li- as Lions do produce their Whelps dead , Dogs bring them forth blind , Bears deiormed and (hapejefs, &c, For Nature would not that they ihould anain perfection in the womb, in regard of the fafety of their Dam, left in their pro- dudHon they mould fpoil and rent her womb by their teeth and tallons. Other more particular Rules there are con- cerning the divers kinds and peculiar actions of beaftsof Rapine, which lhall follow m their more convenient places. In the mean time , let us proceed to Examples that may give life and approbation to thole premifed Rules; Tra- cepta enim quautumvis bona ® coricimia, mor- tua (nut, ntfi ipfe auditor varus exemplis ea percipiat ; 'Good and fit Precepts are but dead, unlefs Examples give them life : Of which O- pinion was Leo the Tenth, when he faid, Tins valeut exempla qudm pracepta, Et melius' docemur vita quam verbo. Examples are more forcible than Trecepts, And our lives teach mure than our words. Hebeareth Jupiter, a Lion dormant, Sol. The Hebrew Rabbies ( faith Leigli) writing upon the fecond of Numbers, do aflign to the Tribe of Ju- dah a Lion after this manner, alluding belike unto that bleffing that Jacob (a little before his death) did pronounce upon Judah, faying, He Jiall lie down and couch as a Lion ; who dares flir him up ? Wherein one noteth, That Jacob feemeth to allude to that diminution, which happened at fuch time as the more part of the people of that Tribe did fall away unto Jerobo- am ; Tunc enim ([faith he) Rex Judee Jlmilis effe cafit Leoi/i dormienti ; neque enim erefiis jubis timorcm fuum late effudit, fed quodam- modo accubuit in fpeliinca. Latuit tamen qu/e- dam occulta virtus fid illo fopore, iSc. The King of Judah was then like a fleeping Lion , which did not fhew his rage with his erected Shag; but did as it were lurk in his Den, yet lb as he loft not his ftrength in his fleep , neither durft any the mod adventurous to roufe him. This may be true of the King of Ju- dah , but furely the Lion of the Tribe of Ju- dah doth neither /lumber nor fleep , though he feemeth to fleep ; neither doth their vengeance fleep who dare provoke him. It is reported that the Lion fleepeth with his eyes open ; fo fhould Governoursdo, whofe Vigilancy fhould fhew it felf when others are moft at reft and fe- cure. He beareth Or, a Li- on couchant, Sable. The Lion couching after this manner, mull not be deemed to have been compelled thereunto,but that he hath fo fettled himfelf of his own ac- cord; for it is contrary to his magnanimous na- ture to couch by any chaftifement , or to be corrected in himfelf; but if a Whelp, or fome other beaft be beaten or chaftifed in his fight , he thereupon humbleth himfelf after this man- ner : But as touching himfelf he mull be over- come with gentlencfs, and fo is he eafieft won. Generofus enim animus facilius ducitiir qudm trahitur ; The generous mind you may eafier lead than draw. So when the Children of Princes offend, their Pages are whipt before them : And the Perfians , if a Nobleman of- fend, brought forth his Garment and beat it with wands. He beareth Gules , a Lion Seiant , Argent. Though this form and gefture hath affinity with the former, yet the difference is eafie to be obferved, by comparing the manner of their re- pofing : And in thefe kinds of varieties of ge- ftures , you may obferve, that by degrees and fteps I proceed from the moft quiet to the moft fierce gefture and action. The Field is Mars, a Lion paffant, Guardant, Sol. This was the Coat- Armour of William D. of Aquitaine , and of Gwyan, one of the Peers of France, whofe daugh- ter and heir, named E- leanor, was married to Henry the fecond , King of England; by reafon of which Match the Field and Charge being of the fame colour and metal that the then Royal Enfigns of this Land were, and this Lion of the like action that thofe were of, this Lion was united with thofe two Lions in one Shield : Since which time the Kings of England have born three Lions paffant, Guardant, as hereafter fhall ap- pear. Sol, a Lion paffant, Guardant , Mars , was born by Brutus, Son of Silvius Toft humus , who coming out of Italy with the remnant of the Trojans found out this Ifland of Great Britain, and reigned four and twenty years as Chap.XV. A Diftlay of Heraldry. 135 He beareth Pearl , a ion paflant guardant, by , gorged with a Ducal-crown , Topaz , y^x 1 and charged on the \y\' moulder with a Mullet by the Name oiOgilby , an honourable & fpread- ing Family in Scotland , the chief of which are the Right Honourable James Earl of Airly, Eltght , and Gle/itra- hen, a perfon ever loyal to the Crown, and was always concerned with the Earl of ' Montr oft in his loyal Undertakings ; once being taken pri- foner,' he was to have been beheaded in Scot- land, but by a fortunate efcape the night be- fore was preferved to do his Majefty more fer- vice. He was long a prifoner in the Tower of London, and after his releafement did again engage himfelf in his Majefties fervice at Wor- cester , and in the North . His brother, Sir Da- vid, at Worcefler fight was taken prifoner,and fent up to London ; and Sir George his other brother, was killed in the Aclions of Montr 0 p. Of this Family are the Right Honourable the Earl of Finlator, the Right Honourable the Lord OgMy, Baron of Bamfe , with feveral £.ni a hts and Gentlemen : Amongft which is Michael OgMy, now Rector of Bideford in Devonjlrire, and Chaplain in Ordinary to his Majefty King Charles the Second, whofe Grand- father, Sir Michael Ogilby, was a near Rela- tion to the Earl of Airly. He beareth Saphire, a Lion pafTant, guardant, between three Flower de Lis, Pearl. This is the Coat - Armour of the Right Honourable Dud- ley North , Baron of Cart hley, Sec. whofe fe- cond Son , Sir Francis North Kt. is Lord Chief Juftice of his Majefties Court of Commou-Tleas. , He beareth Azure, a Lion pafTant, guardant, between three Pheons, Or, by the Name of Wolslonholme , and is the Coat - Armour of Sir Tho. Wolftonholme of Wtnchenden in the PariOi of Edmonton in Mddlefex fiironet. He beareth Gu!cs,on a Fefs Ermyn, between three Annulets, Or, a Lion pafTant, Azure, by the Name of Zjndcr- wood , and is born by Edward ZJndcrwood of the City of London, Gent. Ermyn, a Saltier en- grailed , Gules, on a chief of the Second a Lionpaffant guardant, Or, by the Name of Armine , and is the Coat-Armour of Evers Armine of Osgodby in Lincolnjhire, Efq, Sable,} Piles,Argent,on a Chief of the Second, a Lion pafTant, Gules, by the Name of Hacket, and is born by Sir An- drew Hacket of Mux- hull in Warwickshire, Kt. one of the Matters of the high and honou- rable Court of Chance- ry. Or, a Lion pafTant, Sable , in Chief three Roman Piles of the Se- cond. This was the Paternal Coat-Armour of "John Loggan f alias Zogo«,an Englifh Com- mander, by whofe Va- lour and Conduct the Scots (_ then Matters of the Northern part of Ireland^) were in Anno 1 3 17. temps Edward the Second, beaten out of the Province of ZJlfter. Sir Allen Stew- art their General,took prifoner,aid brought to Dublin,\vho for his Ranfom gave his daughter, with feveral Lands in Scotland, to his Conque- rorsSon,from whom came Sir Robert Loggan, who was Admiral of Scotland, Anno 1400., and from thence the Loggans of Refialrtge in Scotland, now of Jdbury in Oxford/hire, and of Baffetsbury in Buckingham/hire are lineally defcended. He I 36 A I) iff lay of Heraldry. Seft. 111. G> 0 © © 0 © He beareth Sable, ten Plates! four, three, two, and one, on a Chief, Ar- gent, a Lion paiTant of the field , by the Name of Bridgeman.This with the Arms of Ulfter is the Coat- Armour of Sir JchnBridgeman of Caftle Bromwich in Warwickr /hire, Baronet, eldcft Son of the Right Honourable Sir Orlando Bridge- man of Great Leaver in Lancajjire, Knight and Baronet, deceafed , late Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England '. He beareth Or, two Barrs Azure, in Chief a Lion paffant of the Se- cond , crowned of the Firft , by the Name of Gregory find is the Coat- Armour of John Grego- ry of St. Margarets Wetfminfter in Middle- fex, Gent, defcendcd from the Gregories of Laftingham in TorkJInre ; from whence the Predecelfors of the faid John \ about the year iczy.) removed to Eaff-fioMwth in Lincoln- fl'ire, where they continued until thence ex- celled by the Calamities of the Wars, through the Loyalty of his Father Lieutenant Colonel William Gregory, and his two elder Brethren Hi III am ml Gilbert, He beareth Or, on a Chief, Gules, a Lion of England, by the Name of Tilns, and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Colonel Silas Tims of Bujhy'm Hertford- fljire , one of the Grooms of his Maje- fties Bed-chamber, ckc. Argent , two Lions paffant, guardant, A- zure, by the Name of Hunmer. This with the Arms of ZJlfter is the bearing of SitTho- mas Hanmer of Han- mer and Betttsfield in Flint flure, Baronet,de- fcnded by many Knights from Sir John de Hanmer, who lived in the Reign of Edward the Firft. Cambden in his Britannia mentioning Hanmer Town , liath thefe words, Unde clara fane S anti- ma qua ibi habitat f ami li a cognomen ajfuutffi. Or, two Lions paiTant, guardant, Gules, is the Coat of the Right Honourable Sir William T)ua of Tort-worth in GlocetferJIjire, Knight of the Bath and Baronet, now Vifcount Down in Ireland. Gules, two Lions paffant,guardant, Argent, by the Name of L'Eftrat/ge, a Family ot good antiquity, of which is Sir Nicholas L'EJlrange of Hunftanton in Norfolk Baronet, and Roger L'Eftrange of St. Giles's in the Fields m Mid- dlesex, Elquire. Gules, two Lions paffant.guardant, Or, was the Coat-Armour of William Duke of Nor- mandy, bafeSonof Robert Duke of Norman- dy, who in Anno 1066. having ilain King Ha- rold in Battel, feized the Kingdom, and reign- ed almoft One and twenty years, lince which time his Heirs have happily enjoyed his Crown and Dignity. He beareth Gules, two Lions paflantwith- in a Bordure engrail- ed , Argent , by the Name of Strange, and is born by Jo. Strange of the City of London, Gent. He beareth Argent , three Lioncels pallant, guardant in Pale barr- vvays , langued and armed, Gules. This Coat-Armour pertain- ed to that worthy Gen- tleman Sir John Bro- grave, Kt. fometimes Attorney General of the Dutchy of Lancaster. In the blazoning of Arms confifting of more Lions in a Field than one, you mud tearm them Lioncels (ac- cording to Leigli) which is as much to fay, as fo many y oung or petite Lions. The reafon of this Rule I take to be this , That inafmuch as the Lion hath a Prerogative Royal over all Beafts,and cannot endure that any other fhould participate of the Field with him, Quia Trin- cijies nolunt fares, Princes will admit no fel- lows to the impeachment of their Sovereign- ty ; therefore the bearing of divers Lions in one Field muft be underftood of Lions whelps , which as yet have not fo great feeling of their own ftrength, or inbred noble courage, nor ap- prehenfion of their ingenerated Royal Sove- reignty over all Beafts, as Lions have. But Leo- nes adnlti participationem non admmittere (0- lent, when they are of years they will know their own worth. Note that this Rule muft be Chap.XV. A D iff lay of Heraldry. 37 be underflood with a certain limitation in ibme particular cafes, Quia non eft regula adeb ge- neralu, quin admit tit exceptionem in Jtto par- ticulari : For this Rule holdeth not in the So- vereign's Enfigns, where thefe beads are faid to be Lions, propter dignitatem Regie Maje- flatu: Next this Rule hath no place in Coat- Armours , wherein any of the honourable Or- dinaries are interpofed between thefe beafts : For by fuch niter fofit ions of thefe Ordinaries (faith Leigh') everyone of them is reckoned to be of as great dignity, as if he were bom di- videdly in Jo many feveral Efcocheons, and that in refpecl of the Sovereignty of the Ordi- nary fo interpojed ; for which caufe they have the Title of moft worthy partitions. And fo fhall you reckon of all other Coat-Armours confilling of things fo divided. King Henry the Second being Duke of A- quitainxaAGuion, in the right of his Grand- mother, and Duke of Normandy in right ot his Mother, joyned the Arms of Gui on, which was a Lion palfant guardant , unto that of Normandy and England , which was Gules , three Lions palfant guardant, Or. Ruby, three Lions, palfant, guardant, par- ted per Pale , Or and Argent. This is the Coat-Armour of the Rt. Honourable Wil- liam O Brien , Earl and Baron of Jnjiquin, Baron of Burren, Cap- tain General of hisMa- jefties Forces in Af rica, Governour of the Royal City of Tangier , Vice Admiral of the fame, and of the parts ad- jacent, and one of the Lords of his Majefties moft Honourable Privy Council for the Kingdom of Ireland. He beartth Sable,two Lioncels counter-paf- fant, Argent, the upper- most towards the finifter fide of the Efcocheon , both collared, Gules, by the Name of Glegg,o.nA is the Coat of Edward Glegg of Gayton , and Edw. Glegg of Grange, both of Che/fjire, Efquires. Some Blazoners have given another blazon to this Coat-Ar- mour thus ; He beareth Sable, two- Lioncels , the one palfant, the other re-pail'ant, Argent, both collared, Gules. But in mine Opinion, no man by this laft blazon is able to trick or exprefs the true portraiture and manner of the bearing of thefe Lioncels ; for it appeareth not by this blazon towards which part or fide of the Ef- cocheon their heads are placed , which is con- trary to the Rule given Ch ip. 4. Seff. 1 . The Lion and the Lionefs do never go one and the fame way, either when they feek their prey, or when they go to fight; the skilful and ex- pert men render this Reafon for it, That thefe beafts ftand fo much upon their ftrength of body, as that neither of them needeth the 0- thers help. Now that Lions and Lioncels are born in Arms, the firft with interpofition of fome of the Ordinaries, the other charged upon Ordi- naries, the following Examples will make it manifeft ,• and in blazoning of fuch Coat-Ar- mours , care muft be taken to obferve and re- member what concerning this point of their difference I have even now delivered. Ter Cheveron Or and Gules, three Lions paf- fant counter-changed, and is born by Francis Lund of 'Tarjon's Green intheParifli of Fulham in Middlefcx, Cent, de- fcended from the Fami- ly of the Funds in the County of Fork. He beareth Azure , a Fefs wavy between 3 Lions palfant, Or,armed and langued, Gules. This is the Coat-Armour of John Hawes or Hawys of London, who draweth his defcent from Wil- liam Flawy s of Walfbaftl of the Willows in Suf- folk, which William was feized of Lands there in the time of Edward the Third. The Lion paffing his ground lei- furely, and as it werepedetentimftep by ftep, which kind of gate we ufually do call palfant , exprelfeth his moft generous and noble aclion of Majefty, Clemency, and Circumfpeclion. He beareth Gules, on a Fefs, Argent, three Lioncels, palfant, guard- ant , Purpure. Thefe Arms appertained to ArnoldOldefworth,F.(q; late Keeper of the Hana- per of the high Court of Chancery. Such is the noble courage and mag- nanimity of the Lion, as that in his greateft rage and fury, he never doth tyrannize over thofe that do proftrate themfelvesto his mercy; whereof a certain Author thus writeth , Tar cere prep rat is fcit nob ilk ira leonis : T11 quoque fac fimile, quijquu regnabts in orbe. V .. He i 3 8 A Difflay of Heraldry. Seft. Ill- He beareth Gules, i Barrs Errayn in Chief, a Lion paffant, parted per Pale, Or and Argent,by the Name of Hill of Bales in the County of Norfolk. This Lion is different from the form- er paffants , in that he goeth diredly forward , dewing in the Efcochcon but half his face , whereby he is diftinguifhcd from the guardant, which fheweth the whole face. This Lion paffant feemeth to go with more confidence and refolution , but the guardant, with more vigilancy and circumfpecbion,which both being joyned, do make an abfolute Commander. He beareth Or,a Lion falient , Gules, by the Name of Felbridge. The proper form of a Lion falient is when his right forefoot anfwereth to the dexter corner of the Efcocheon, and his hind- moft foot the finifter bale point thereof And he is termed falient, a fahendo ; becaufe when he doth profecute his prey, he purfueth the fame leaping, which action he never ufeth when he is chafed in fight (as Tlmy noteth) but is on- ly paffant. And it is fometimes no diihonour to go foftly, or retire leifurely out of the Field, but to flie is a reproach ; and therefore of all geftures, I never find any Lion current. Pearl, a Lion rampant, Ruby, was the Coat of Edrick a Saxon, who at the time of the Conqueft was Earl of Tork ; and for that he took part with Earl Edgar Ethel- ing againft William the Conqueror, and deliver- ed to him the City of Tork, he had by the Conqueror's command his eyes put out, and kept a prifoner at Winchefter during life, and died without iffue. Ruby, a Lion rampant, Pearl. This is the Paternal Coat-Armour of the Right Honoura- ble Louis Duras, Baron Duras of Holmby, one of the Captains of his Majefties Horfe Guards, and Privy Purfe to his Royal Highnefs James Duke of fork ; brother to the Duke and Mar- fhal Duras, as alfo to the Marfhal de Lorge in France; and Nephew to the late Marfhal de Turein in the faid Kingdom; one of whofe An- ccftors, viz.Galliard Lord Duras, was in the Reign of K. Edward the Fourth,Knight of the Garter,being one of thelaft of Gajcoign that held for the Crown of England, where he came and continued in great Employments un- der the faid King Edward, until he was refto- red to his Eftate in Gajcoign by the Peace made betwixt the two Crowns. Ruby, a Lion rampant, Pearl,was the Coat- Armour of Roger Mowbray a Norman, who was made Earl of Northumberland by William the Conqueror. He flew in Battel Malcombe King of Scots, and his eldeft Son; but after rebelling againft William Rufus , was taken prifoner in Northumberland , and kept in Winchester prifon till the reign of Henry the Firft, and then died without iffue ; after whofe deceafe King Henry the Firft gave all his Lands and Arms to the Lord Nigell de Albaine,whok Son was called Mowbray, of whom defcendtd the Mowbrays Dukes of Norfolk : And this Coat is now quartered by the honourable and flourifhing Family of the Howards. Ruby, a Lion rampant, Topaz, is the Coat- Armour of the Right Honourable Richard Earl of Carbery , Baron Vaughan of Emblin and Molmgar , and one of the Lords of his Majefties moft honourable Privy Council. Saphire, a Lion rampant, Pearl, is the Coat of the Right Honourable John Lord Crew , Baron of Stean, defcended from Enjiace Crew, who came into England with William the Conqueror, and was made Baron of Mont- halte. Argent, a Lion rampant, Sable, is the Coat- Armour of the Stafletons of Torlfhire. • Sable, a Lion rampant, Argent, is born by Edmond Lewis Cam- Lloyd in Glamorganpire, Efquire; and by Edward Lewis of the Van in the faid County, Efquire. As touching the bearing of the Lion after this manner, I hold that then he may be truly faid to be rampant , when he ftandethfo directly upright, as that the crown of his head doth anfwerto the plant of his foot, whereupon he ftandeth in a per- pendicular line , and not by placing of the left foot in the dexter corner of the Efcocheon, as Leigh would have it. As the former Example fheweth the gefture of the Lion purfuing his prey ; fo this fheweth his gefture in feizing on it when he hath attained it. He beareth Argent, a Lion rampant, Sa,charg- ed on the fhoulder with a Martlet of the Field , by the Name of Mom- fefon ( anciently Mont- pntfoii) and is the Coat of Sir Thomas Mompef- j'on of Bathampton in 'Wiltjhire, Kt- a perfon of Chap.XV. A Difplay of Heraldry. 39 of eminent loyalty and fuffering in the late Troubles , whole Family have been of great Antiquity in the faid County. He beareth Ermyn, a Lion rampant , Azure, crowned , Or , by the Name of Pickering,znd with the Arms of XJl- (ler is the Coat of Sir Henry 'Pickering of Whaddon in Cambridge- Jloire, and of Pax/on in HuutitigtovJI.'ire , Baro- net. He beareth Argent, a Lion rampant, the Tail elevated and turned o- ver the head, Sable. This was the Coat-Armour of John Buxton of Tiben- ham in the County of Norfolk , Efquire. Al- though this manner of bearing , in refpect of the Tail, is rarely ufed, yet it is very ancient, as appeareth by an old Table of the faid Arms taken out of the Monaftery of Bungey in Suf- folk, having been before the dilfolution of the Abbeys there hanged up , for one ftyled Le Se- neschal Buxton ; which Table now remaineth, in the cuftody of the faid Mr. John Buxton. Here Blazoners may pteafe to obferve, how re~ quilite it is to take advifed confideratien in what manner the Tail of this beaft is born in figns Armorial ; but I fhall prefently in this Chapter have further occafion in the Coat- Armour of Corke to treat more largely of this point. He beareth Azure, a Lion rampant, Argent, a File of three Lam- beaux,Gules,each charg- ed with as many Be- zants, by the Name of Covell. Here I tell not the colour of the Be- zants , becaufe every Rundle in Armory (_ of which fort thefe Bezants are) hath his proper colour and name in blazon, as fhall hereafter be more particularly declared, when I come to fpeak of Rundlcs in general. The Field is Or, a Lion rampant , parted per Fefs , Azure and Gules, armed and lan- gued, Argent. This was the Coat-Armour of Ralph Sadler of Stan- V i&^t^ 1 iPVH / ^ 011 m r ' le bounty of \^f c % / a ""° °f Torkfljire ; from > ©T>^ whom is defcended William Petyt of the Middle Temple , Efq; whole Anceftor was Gilbert Tetyt, Efq; Lord of the Mannor of Sharleffeane, and divers other Lands in Oteley near Whearf in TorkJIjire ; who in the thir- teenth year of Henry the Sixth , with J. Car- dinal and Archbiihhp of Tork, Richard Duke of Tork and others, was Jufliciarius Regis ad pacem in partibus de Weftrithingo in Com. Tcrk,t£c. and younger Son of Sir John Petyt, Lord Ardover in Cornwall ; which Sir John married Margaret, Daughter and Coheir of Thomas Carmmo, Grandfon to Sir Oliver Car- mino,Kt. Chamberlain to King Edward the Second , who married Elizabeth , lifter to Thomas Holland Earl of Kent , and Duke of Surrey, who died the tenth year of Henry the V 2 Sixth, Seam. 140 Sixth, defcended from an ancient Family ot Tetyts, Lords of Ardover, m the time of ftsrytheFirft, of which Family there hath b3 Knights ; all which appeared! by the S« and B Pedigree of that Fam.ly , and by feveral Inquifitions (oft mortem. He beareth Azure, a Lion rampant , and Chief, Or, by the Name oiDixie. This with the Arms of VI- jler, is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Sir Wolftan 'Dixie of Bofi worth in Leicejterfhire, whofe Son and Heir apparent is Beaumont Tlixie of the faid place, Efq; He beareth Sable, a Lion rampant between three Croffes Formee, Or, by the Name of Ayloffe, m& is the Coat- Armour of Sir William Ayloffe of Braxted Magna in EJfex, Baro- net ; as alfo of Henry Ayloffe of the faid place, Efq; and of William Ayloffe of Chiffele alfo in the faid County, Efq; Argent, a Lion ram- pant, Azure, between three Efcallop {hells , Gules, by the Name of Janes, and is born by William Janes of Kitt- ling in the County of Cambridge , Gent, de- fcended from the Fami- ly of the Janes of Corn- wall. He beareth Gules , a Lion rampant, Argent, crowned Or , between three Crefcents of the third, by the Name of Salisbury , and is born by Richard Salisbury of Barnftable in "Devon. Jljire, Gent. He beareth Diamond, a Lion rampant' crown- ed between three Crof- lets, Topaz. This Coat was born by the Riglit Reverend Father in God, Henry Lord Eiihop of Chich'efler , Son of John Kmg Lord Biilicp ot London- Or, a Lion rampant. Sable , between three Flowers de Lis, Azure, is born by James Fair- clongh of London, Dr. in Phyfick , who is de- fcended from the anci- cient Family of the Faircloughs of Lanca- Jliite; one of whole Anccftors was by the Lord Stanley of Bofworth-feld (to whom Jien\ ry the Seventh owed fo great a 111 are ot his Vi- ctory) made his Standard-bearer. The Fair- cloughs of the Counties of Bedford and Hert- ford branches of this Family. Ruby , a Lion ram- pant within a Bordure engrailed, a Topaz, is. born by the Right Hor nourable Charles Earl of Shrewsbury, Baron Talbot , Strange of Blackmerc, Gifford of Brimsfield, Furnivall, Verdon and Loveloft. Ruby , a Lion rampant within a Bordure engrailed, Pearl, is born by the Right Honou- rable Ralph Lord Grey, Baron of Warke ; of whofe Family was Sir John Grey , who for his good Service in France was by King Henry the Fifth created Earl of Tanquerville in the faid Kingdom. He beareth Ermyn, a lion rampant , Sable, within a Bordure , A"- zure , by the Name of Ttichatd, and is born by Sir William Trich- ord of the City of Lon- don , Knight and Al- derman. He Chap.XV. A Difylay of Heraldry. T 41 He beareth, Azure, a Lion rampant , Ar- gent, crowned Or, bor- dured as the Second, PelIotr.ee, by the Name of Henley, and is born by Sir Robert Henley of Northington in Hant- fljire, Kt. Matter of the King's Bench Office. He beareth barrey of ten, Argent and Azure, over all a Lion ram- pant, Gules , by the Name of Siratford,m& is the Coat-Armour of Richard Stratford of Handling and Neather Getting in Glocefter- Jljire, Gent, defended from that ancient Fami- ly of the Stratjords of Farmcoat in the faid County. He beareth per Bend finifter, Ermyn and Er- myns, a Lion rampant, Or , by the Name of Trevor, and is born by Sir Thomas Trevor of Lemington Haftmgs in Warwickfhire , Knight and Baronet, only Son of Sir Thomas Trevor , one of the Barons of the Exchequer to King Charles the Firft: And by Sir John Trevor of Brynkynalt in Tleubigh- jhire, Kt. defcended from Tudor Trevor, Earl of Hereford. This Coat is alfo born by Sir Roger Moftyn of Moftyn in flmtfljire, Knight and Baronet; and by William Moftyn of Rhyd in the faid County, Efquire. He beareth Gyrony 'of eight Ermyns and Ermynois, a Lion ram- pant', Or, by the Name of Williams, and with the Arms of ZJlfter is the Coat-Armour of Sir Trevor Williams of Lavgiby Gaftle in Mon- tnouthjljire, Baronet. Gules, a Lion ram- pant, guardant, Or, is the Coat-Armour be- longing to the Family of the Morices ; the chief of which is the Right Honourable Sir William Morice of Werington in Devoti- Jbire, Baronet, late one of his Majefties Princi- pal Secretaries of State, and at prefent one of his moft honourable Privy Council. He beareth Gules,on a Pale, Or, a Lion ram- pant , Azure , by the Name of T>' by the Name of Audynoi Dorchefler in the Coun- ty of Tiorjet. The Prophet IJaiah defcri- beth the valourous cou- rage of thefe kind of beafts, though young > where he faith, That as a Lion, or a Lion's whelp roareth upon hit prey, again/} "Suborn if a multitude of Shepherds be called, he Hull not be afraid at their voice , neither 'will he humble himfelf at their noife ; fo Jhall the Lord of Hofts come down to fight for Mount Sion, and for the Hill thereof, Tjfa.j1.4-. B ut here the Lions are not well cut. Heieareth Or, two Lions^impant, comba- tant,Gules, langued and armed, Azure, by the Name of Wycombe: Sable, two Lions ram- pant, combatant, Or, is born by NicholasCarter of Loudon, Dr. in Phy* rick. Leigh faith, That thefe were two Lions of fundry Regions, which of manhood muft combate only for Govern^ ment : For the Lion is as defirous of maftery as a couragious Prince is ambitious of Honour; which if it be in a juft Title and Claim , is a vertue in a King , and no way to be dilliked i For it was a' Royal Apothegm worthy that great King, Nemo me major, nifi qui juftior j I acknowledge no King greater than my felf , but he that isjufter. He beareth Azure > two Lioncels rampant, endorfed , Or. This Coat (faith Leigh~) Was born by Achilles the Grecian at the Siege of Troy. And Leigh takes it to be a Combate in- tended between two valiant men , and they both keep appointment and meet in the Field; but the Prince favouring both Parties, taketh the matter into his hands , and then turn they back to back, and fo depart the Field : Fof their flout Stomacks will not fuffer them to go both one way, becaufe it is counted art injury to hardinefs to go firft out of the Field. There are yet other forms of bearing the Lion than are hitherto exprefTed, as in thefe next Efcocheons may be feen. He 144 A Difflay of Heraldry. Seft. 111. The Field is Mars , a incorporated Lion Slic- ing out of the three corners of the Efcoche- on , all meeting under one head in the Fefs point, Sol, langued and armed, Jupiter. Alike Lion did Edmund, Sur- named Crwchbdck(lfyA of Lancaster and brother to King Edward the Firft) bear in Device, as appeareth by the Seal of the fame Edmund ; the Circumference of which Seal containeth this Infcription; SIGILLUM EDMUNDI FILII REGIS ANGLIiE. Only herein it dif- fered! from this that where the middlemoft of the bodies in this is born rampant , and the o- ther two defcend from the corners of the Efcocheon ; contoriwife in the Seal the two lowermoft are bjfi paffant, and the third de- fended from above, and are all conjoyned in the Center of the faid Circumference. The like was born in Device by one of the Ance- ftors of the Right Noble and Honourable late Lord Carew, Earl of TotnefS : But the Field of this was Topaz, and the Lion Diamond; more- over the middlemoft body of this was rampant, and the other two after a fort paffant. Ruby, three demy Lions rampant, Pearl, between a Mound, To- paz , is the Paternal Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Hen- ry Be/met , Earl and Baron of Arlington , Vifcount Thetford, Kt. of the mod Noble Or- der of the Garter, Lord Chamberlain of his Ma- jefties Houlhold, and one , of the Lords of his moft honourable Privy Council, ckc. whofe el- der brother is Sir John Bennet of Tiawley in the Parifh of Htrlington in Middlefex, Knight of the Bath, and Lieutenant to his Majelties Band of Gentlemen Pentioners. He beareth Azure, two Bars wavy,Ermyn, on a Chief, Or, a demy Lion rampant , Sable, by the Name of Smyth, and with the Arms of ZJlHer is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Sir Robert Smyth of Upton in the Parifh of Weft- ham in Ejjex, Baronet; and without the Arms of Vlfter, is the Coat of Sir James Smyth of the City of London, Knight and Alderman , Sons of Sir Robert Smyth oi Vpon aforefaid, Knight and Baro- net. He beareth Or, a de- my Lion rampant,Gu!es, by the Name of MaUary. There are certain forms of bearing much like un- to this at the firft fight; but are diverfe from it in bearing, and do receive a different form of bla- zon, whereof good heed muff be taken, Quia diverfitas nomims deno- tat diver/itatem rei , the diverfity of names doth mamfeft the diverfity of things ; inafmuch as names are fignificant demonftrations ot things, and exprefs notes of their differences. He beareth Azure, on a Chief, Or, a Lion ram- pant iffuant, Gules, lan- gued and armed of the firft , by the Name of Markham. This Lion is faid to be iffuant, becaufe_ he doth ilTue from out of the bottom of the Chief; and fo muft other things be blazoned which thus arife from the bottom He beareth Azure, a Chief, Gules.a Lion ram- pant jeffant , his tayl forked, Or, by the Name of Ha/tang. A Lion jef- fant born in Coat-Ar- mour, is where the Coat is firft charged with a Chief or other Ordinary, and after by fome occafi- onfome Animal is added thereunto, but is not fubjeded to the primary Charge, but is born over both the Field and Charge ; and is there- fore called a Lion Jeffant, a jacendo , becaufe of fuch lying all over. Some blazon this Coat Azure, a Chief, Gules^ver all a Lion rampant, his tayl forked, Or. » He beareth Or, out of the midft of a Fefs, Sable, a Lion rampant,naiflant, Gules, armed and lan- gued, Azure. This Coat was born by Sir Henry Emme , Knight of the moft Noble Order of the Garter, and chofen com- panion thereof by Ed- ward the Third, when he did eretf and efta- blifh the fame. This Lion is faid to be naiffant, becaufe he feemeth to iffue out of the womb of the Chap.XV. A Diftlay of Heraldry. M5 thcFefs, Quafinunc ejfet in nafcendo. This form of blazon is peculiar to all living things, that (hall be found iifuing out of the midft of forac ordinary or common charge. He beareth Argent, a Lions head erafed , Gules, by the Name of Govts. Concerning the dignity of this part of the body, and how the fame is preferred before all other the parts and Members thereof',1 have formerly made menti- on , as alfo of the commendable bearing of Members erafed. He beareth Topaz,on a Chief, Diamond.three Lions heads erafed of the firft. This was the Coat-Armour of Sir Thomas Richardjon, Kt. Lord Chief Juftice of his Majefties Court of Kings Bench; and is the At- chievement of theRjght Honourable Thomas Lord Richardfon, Baron of imond'm Scotland. I do here give this C> Armour this kind of blazon by precious ftoj in refpect of that high place of Juftice wh. Bearer executeth under his Majefty. The Field is Azure, a Cheve.ron, Argent , be- tween three Lions heads erafed, Ermyn, crowned Or. This was the Coat- Armour of Sir Taul Tindar of the City of London,K.t.\vhofc boun- teous Piety, manifeft in many other charitable actions, was in the year i6ji. more confpicuous in the richly adorning and exquifite beautifying the Quire of Saint TauPs Church. Erafing is a violent rending of a member from the body, and may fignifie fome worthy and memorable Ai:j i f I Q H, I no I i\ - \ l } He beareth Argent, on a Bend, Sable, three Lions heads erafed of the Field, crowned, Or, by the Name of Wroth} and with the Anns of Vlfter, is the Coat- Ar- mour of Sir John Wroth of Blenden-hall in the County of Kent, Baro- net. Vert, three Quater- foils ., Argent , each charged with a Lions head erafed, Sable, by the Name of Tlott, and is the Coat-Armour of Thomas Tlott, Efq; Se- cretary to his Highnefs the great Duke of Tuf* cany ■ defended of the Family of the Tlott s of Spar/holt in Barkjhire. X He A Difflay of Heraldry. Seft. Ill He beareth Sable.two Lions paws iffuing out of a Dexter and Sinifter bafe points , erected in form of a Cheveron, Argent, armed, Gules, by the Name of Fr amp- ton. The forefeet of the Lion have five toes upon each foot, and the hin- der feetbut four, whereby nature hath enabled him, for the more fure feizing and retaining his acquired prey. The Lions claws are crooked and exceeding hard, with thefe he carveth and rendcth his prey ; and for this purpofe he keep- eth them very choicely and tenderly, and is no lefs careful to fave them from blunting, than a good Souldier is to keep his Armour and Wea- pons from ruft and bluntnefs. By the great- nefs and fharpnefs of the Lions claw, we may eafily conje&ure'how dangerous a thing it is for a man to encounter him ; for wherefoever he feizeth , if he break not the bones , yet he renteth away the flefh. So alfo may we give a near ghefs, if not make a certain demonltra- tion of his proportion and bignefs ; for fo we read that ThydiM, the famous Carver of great Images in Gold and in Ivory, upon the fight of a Lions claw only, did raife the whole propor- tion of his body, which gave occafion ( as is fuppofed) of the Proverb , Leonem ex uttgie aflimare, whereby is meant, That of one pro- bable conjecture, a man may give a near ghefs of the whole bufinefs. He beareth Gules, j Lions Gambes, or paws erafed, Argent, by the Name of Nevvdigate ; and is the Coat- Armour of Richard Newdigate of Barfield in Middle- sex, Serjeant at Law , Son of Sir John New- digate of Arbury in WayjvicL-flure, Kt. who was Son and Heir of John Nmdfgate of M/ir- field aforefaid, Eft]. He beareth Argent , two Lions paws, erafed, in Saltire, the Dexter furmounted of the Sini- fter,Gules. That Lions, Panthers, and Leopards do hide their claws with- in their skin when they go or run, it may feem a little miracle ; for they do nevet extend them but when they offer to feize their prey, left they (hould be blunted,and fo become lefsferviceable for the apprehenfion, retention, and divifion of their prey. He beareth Sable, 3 Lions paws couped and erected, Argent, armed, Gules, by the Name of Vfljer. Sometimes thefe paws are found born up- on Ordinaries, as in this next Efcocheon , where there is a Lions paw born upon a Canton. And you muft obferve, That albeit I do here ufe but one Example for an Inftance , yet mail you by obfervation find them born as well upon other Ordinaries as on this. He beareth Argent, on a Canton , Sable , a Lions paw erafed in bend, Or, by the Name of Bowthel/y. This one Coat doth minifter oc- cafion of a twofold ob- fervation : the one,that this member is born up- on Ordinaries ; the o- ther, that it is born after the manner or faflii- on of Ordinaries , as Cheveron-ways, Crofs- ways, Saltire-ways, &c. as by the precedent Examples may appear. He beareth Sable , ? Lions tails erected and erafed, Argent, by the Name of Corke .The Lion hath great ftrength in his tail,the much motion whereof is a manifeft to- ken of anger. When he mindeth to affail his e- nemy, he ftirreth up himfelf by often beatiag of his back and fides with his tail , and thereby ftirreth up his cou- rage, to the end he do nothing faintly or cow- ardly. The Lion when he is hunted, carefully provideth for his fafety, labouring to fruftrate the purfuit of the Hunters by fweeping out his foofteps with his tail as he goeth, that no ap- pearance of his track may be difcovered, whereby they may knoV which way to make after him. The Lion beareth his tail after a diverfe man- ner, infomuch as we may thereby (if not cer- tainly know , yet give a near ghefs ) what a mood he is in for the prefent ; viz. whether he be furioufly bent, or peaceable, or majefti- cally affected. And thefe qualities are mani- feftly difcerned by the Inverfion, Everfion, or Extenfion, &c. of his tail. Here may rife a Que.ftion , Whether the bearing of the tail of tae Lion in any of thefe feveral manners be a fufficient difference to prevent all cifufes of challenge ? For my own part (albeit I have not read or ' feen Chap.XV. A D iff lay of Heraldry. feen in Gerard Leigh, Bofwell, Feme, or a- ny other Armorial Writers, the ftate of this Queftion handled) I hold that they be differ- ences fufficient to debarr all challenge : My Reafons are thefe ; firft , Sufficit quod inter arma mea ® tua talis fit differentia, qua detur diverfitas. And again, Ncrva forma dat no- vum effe ret : I hold them not only to be dif- ferences kcuudum quid, but fimfliciter • that is to fay , abfolute and elfential differences. Furthermore, Data una di fjimi titudine etiam faria judicabuntur diverfa. Moreover, ex- perience flieweth us,That the leaft addition or fubtradtion in Armorial figns maketh them ceafe to be the fame that they were ; Omnia jirma Jrithmeticisfigurisfunt fimillima, qui- bits Jiquid addas vel jubtrahas, non remanet eadem [pedes , as I have formerly ftewed. Finally, for approbation of thefc my Opinions, I will add this infallible Affertion, Ea diferunt quorum definitiones diferunt. Thefe are my Reafons that induce me to be of this Opinion , that the diverfe manner of bearing of the tail of the Lion,as aforefaid,are ormaybe (without exception) effential diffe- rences : which neverthelefs I referr to the ju- dicious cenfure of the Learned in this Profef- fion.who perhaps may convince me with more forceable grounds. Butbecaufe Demonftration is the bell of Ar- guments to convince the incredulous , it is ap- parent that Buxton's Coat before mentioned differs not from that of Spieres , but only in the'mannerof the bearing of the tail, both of them being Argent, a Lion rampant, Sable [ only in Buxton's Coat the tail is elevated and' turned over the head of the Lion, as it more plainly appears before in this prefent Chap- ter. Now as touching particularizing of the be- forementioned aflertion, I fay that the Everfi- on of the tail of the Lion is an exprefs token of his placability or tradablenefs: as contrariwife the Inverfion of his tail is anote of wrath and fury, efpecially if he do beat the back there- with , and doth roar withal. Of this proper- ty of theLion Catullus maketh mention in thefe words, Jlge, c >-/5jy,Baronet. He beareth Sable , a Bear paffant , Argent. It is written of the jhe Bear, that ilie bringeth forth her young ones unperfecT- and deformed, like a lump of raw flefli, and licks it till it comes tolhape and perfection. The flic Bear is mod X 2 cruelly i4» A Difilay of Heraldry. Sea.lII. cruelly foraged againft any that foal] hutt h£ young, orfefpoil her ot them: as the Scrip, iure if ith in fefting forth the fierce angerbf *he Lord That he will meet his advenhries, as a Bear robbed of her whelps. Winch teacheth Xw careful Nature would have us o beo the welfare of our ChildrenW fo cruel Beafts are fo tenderhearted in this kind. He beareth Argent, a Bear rampant , Sable , muzzled, Or, by the Name of Barnard. The Countries that were re- puted famous for the cruelty of Bears , were Lucanta and Umbria in Italy, now called the Dutcliy of Sfoletum. And fo m ancient times was our Iiland of Bri- ufn For Bears were carried from hence to Rome for a fhew , where they were holden in J££ Admiration! The Bear by nature is a ?ruelBeaft; but this here demMfaatea [unto you, is (to prevent the mifchief it might o ihervvifc do, as you may obferve) as ^ were bound to the good behaviour with ™z>e muft confefs 1 have often feen a Sable Bear fail ant, in a Field Argent, born by the Name of Bernard. Argent, three Bears heads erafed , Sable , muzzled, Or, by the Name of Langham , and is the PaternalCoat- Armour of Sir James Langham oiCottesbrook in Northampton/hire , Knight and Baronet; Sir William Langham of Walgrave in the faid County, Kt. and Sir Stephen Langham of the Cityof £Z for his device on bis Arms, and [ Mace- donaWolf. This Coat-Armour may ferve to exemplifie that which I have formerly deliver- ed touching the Antiquity of Arms. The an- cient Romans alfo in their ^vy ^grnd d bear the Wolf, as appeareth by Vegetius Vai- tnriws and others. He beareth Gules, a Wolf preyant, Argent, by the Name of Lowe, and is the Cdat- Armour of Sir Edward Lowe of 'New Sarum in Wilt- fhire , Kt. one of the Matters of the high and honourable Court of Chancery. Upton lea- veth to the confiderati- of Heralds.whether the bearing of the Wolf in Arms be not fit for fuch perfons as in Parlia- ments and places of great Affembly are ac- cuftomed to wrangle and mew themfelves con- tentious ; and iquafi Johannes m oppofito^ to put on a refolute determination to be con- trary to all others. For it is the Wolves nature, when they affemble together to fall a howling. Some write, that thofe who fuddenly look on a Wolf do lofe their voice. It were fit iuch wolvifh and fnarling perfons would look on themfelves in a Glafs, andfo become morefi- He beareth Argent, three Wolves paffant in pale, Sable, by the Name of Love t ; and is born by Edward Lovet of Corfe in the Parifli of Tanftock in the County of Devon, Efq; appear \.chap.z out of AriHotle de Animalibus, 5°- He Chap.XVL A Diftlay of Heraldry. 149 He beareth Argent , on a Bend, Vert , three Wolves heads erafed of the Field by the Name of Myddleton ; and with the Arms of Vlfter, is the Paternal Coat-Ar- mour of Sir Thomas Myddleton of Clufk Ca- ftle in c DenbighJhire, 1 &z- ronet. This Coat.with- out the Arms of Vlfter, is born by Sir Thomas Myddleton of St anfted- Mount -fit chet in the County of Ejfex,Kt. Thus ending with the Wolf, I will perclofe this Trad of Beaftsof fierce Nature, compre- hending all others of this kind, as Ounces, Lynxes, Hyenaes, Tanthers,(§c. under thefe before handled. Forafmuch as the greateft part of the general Rules, as alfo of the fun- dry forms of bearing attributed unto Lions and Wolves, may be aptly applied to all , or the greateft part of other Beads of like Nature. CHAP. XVI. HAVING given Examples of raven- ous and fierce kind, that by main force do profecute and obtain their prey ; I will now proceed to the handling of Beafts lefs fell and harmful : of which number fome are- wild and favage ; other are domeftical and fo- ciable, as Dogs of all forts, of which I will firft intreat ; becaufe the Dog, whether it be for pleafure and game in field, or for thrift and guard at home, deferveth a very high eftima- tion ; and of all Dogs, thofe of chafe are moft in ufe in Armory ; whereof fome profecute their prey fpeedtly , others more leifurably. Of the firft fort is the Greyhound , as in Ex- ample. He beareth Argent, a Greyhound paliant, Sable, by the Name of Holford. Such Dogs as do purfue their Game with a more leifurely pace, are Hounds fitted for all forts of Game; as Harthounds , Buck- hounds, Harriers,Otter- hounds, Bloodhounds,®! - , which are of fome Authors called Odorifequi canes, quia odoratu inveftigant, for following by the fmell : and Cicero calleth them Sagaces canes , becaufe of their tender and quick fent ; and both thefe and the Greyhound are called Canes Venatici, Doss for the chafe. Note, that it appeareth in an old Manufcrip treating of Blazon, that a Greyhound cannot properly be termed rampant ; for it is contrary to his kind to appear fo fierce, as the Author there writeth in his faid Book, now remaining in the cuftody of that worthy Knight Sir Wil- liam Seger, Garter, principal King of Arms , whofe great ftudy and travel in this Heraldical Art hath, by his own Works already publilh- ed, been fufficiently manifeft. He beareth Vert , a Greyhound current, Ar- gent , collared , Gules, i'iudded , Or , by the Name of Blome ; and is the Coat-Armour of Richard Blome of A- bergwlly in Carnarvon- fl.ure,E{q;ofJobn Blome of Sevenoak in thd County of Kent, Gent, and Richard Blome of London, Gent, the Undertaker of this Work. 1 He beareth Argent, two Bars Sable, charged with three Trefoils flipped of the Field, in Chief a Greyhound cur- rent of the Second , by the Name of T * aimer ■ and is the Coat-Armour of William T 'aimer of Ladbrook in Warwick-' fhirejifq; Son and Heir of Sir William T aimer of Warden-Jlreet in Bedfordfiire, Kt. He beareth Gules , 5 Greyhounds current in pale , Argent , by the Name of Mauleverer ; and with the Arms of Vlfter , is the Coat of Sir Thomas Mauleverer ot Allerton-Mauleverer in the weft Riding of Torkjljire, Baronet, Argent,three Greyhounds current pale-ways, Sable, collared , Or , by the Name of More (or Tie la More') and with the Arms oi Vlfter, is the Coat-Armour of Sir Edward More of More-hall and Bank-hall in Lancajljire, Baro- net, lineally defcended from the ancient Fami- ly of the Mores of the faid places ; whofe An- cestors have there continued for above twenty Generations, as appears as well by divers anci- ent Deeds now in the cuftody of the faid Sir Edward, as by the Hatchments and Infcrip- tions engraven on the walls of the faid Houfes; This Coat is alfo born by Sir John More of the City of London, Knight and Alderman, line- I ally defcended from the Family of the More s aforefaid. Sable A Dtftlay of Heraldry. 150 Sable, three Greyhounds current in pale , Argent, collared. Or, is the Coat-Armour ot the ancient Family of the Machels of Crate,:-, thorp in Westmoreland; 'and is now born by Lancelot Machel, Efq; Lieutenant of Horle to the Counties of Cumber land and Weflmorelaud, a great Loyalift, and an expert Souldier. Tlus j Name was writ Mauchael, or Mauchel, from the Conqueft to the Reign of King Henry the Eighth, at which time thole two valiant War- ri: rs, Guy Mauchel of Crakenthorf, Efq; and Hugh his Brother , engaged thcmfelves in that Expedition a gainft the French, in which the Englifli were victorious, and took the almoft impregnable City of Turuay, i'vom whence they both returned, and were fucceffively Lords of Cni/f^;rf/jo^aforefaid. This Guy, though in many dangers, yet died in his Eed about the i-jth of Henry the Eighth, but fhewed an He- roick and Marfhal Spirit in bequeathing his Arms and Armour to his Sons in the very firft place, as that which was moft dear unto him. And H«?/j Machel, for his Valour.was by King Henry the Eighth deputed with Sir Thomas Wharton, Warden of the weft Marines of Eng- land, by a Warrant under the faid King's Sign Manual, Dated the 28th of "June in the %oth year of his Reign. He beareth Azure, a Talbot paffant, Argent, by the Name of Bor- goigue. It is a general obfervation, That there is fcarce any vertue inci- dent to a man,but there are fingular fparks and refemblances of thefame in the fundry kinds of Dogs: For fome are fo couragious.as if they be in the encounter, you may cut off a leg or any limb before they will let go their holdfaft : in •which kind the Englifh Maftiff hath higheft praife; infomuchthat Hiftories report, That the Romans took Matties hence to carry in their Armies iuftead of Sonldiers. Some o- thers have been fo trufiy and loving to their Matters, as being by errour loft, they have re- fufed meat, though it were to their death, till they faw their Mafters again. For their admi- rable property in finding any thing that is loft, in fetching any thing they arc in;oyned,in pur- fuing any man by the fcent of his foot after he is fled : It requireth a Naturalift's large Dif- courfe , rather than the touch of an Herald's Pencil. Sett. 111. He beareth Gules , a Talbot paffant, Or, a Chief, Ermvn , by the Name of Chaffin ; and is the Coat-Armour ot Thomas Cbafjin of Chet- tle mDorjc-JLire, Efq; He beareth Or , a Fefs dauncctte, between three Talbots paffant , Sable , by the Name of Camck. Thefe kind of Dogs are called in Latin Canes fagace s, for the tendernels of their fcent, and quicknefs of fmelling, becaufe there- by they do readily difcover and find out the trafts , forms , and lodgings of Beafts of chafe, and of Savage kind : which done, they dopro- fecute their undertaken chafe with open mouth and continual cry , that oftentimes, through hotpurfuit, they do fo tire it, as that it is ei- ther taken up by theHuntfman,or doth become a prey to themfelves. Ter Cheveron en- grailed , Argent and Cules , three Talbots heads erafed counter- changed, by the Name ofTluncombe ; and is the Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Sir John \Duncombe of Batlefdenbury in Bed- fordjhire,Vx. Chancellor and Under-Treafurer of the&r/^KP^and one ofhisMajefties moft ho- nourable Privy Council, ckc. He beareth Azure, a Fefs between three Tal- bots heads erafed , Or, by the Name of Bur- ton ; and is the Coat of Caftbulan Burton of Lindley in the' County of Leicester, Efq; To this head muft be refer- red all other forts of Dogs of Profecution ; as Beagles,Terriers,and fuchlike, fo called, Quia f eras jub terra pro- fequuntur, (for that they profecute their prey under the ground , as the others do above ground) alio Land and Water-Spaniels , and fuch others. Now for the wild or favage fort of Beafts, fome do atchieve their preybyfub- til means, as Foxes, Ferrets, Weafels, Cats,&c. fome Chap. XVI. A Difplay of Heraldry. 15I fome by prudent providence , as the Hedghog, Squirel, and fuch like. Others alfo there are, whofe care is, not fo much how to come by their prey, as that themfelves become not a prey to others ; as Hares, Conies, ckc. of thefe briefly I will give fome few Examples, to Ihew to what head they are to be reduced, as fol- loweth. He beareth Argent, two Reynards counter- faliant in Bend, the dex- ter furmounted of the finifter Saltire-like , Gules, by the Name of Kadrod-Hard of Wales. Thefe are fomewhat unlike Samp fin's Foxes, that were tied together at the tails; and yet thefe two agree in aliquo tertio : They came into the field like two ene- mies,but they meant nothing lefs than to fight, and therefore they pafs by each other; like two crafty Lawyers, which came to the Barr , as if they meant to fall out deadly about their Cli- ents caufe ; but when they have done,and their Clients purfes well fpunged , they are better Friends than ever they were,and laugh at thofe Geefe, that will not believe them to be Foxes, till they ( too late ) find themfelves Fox- bitten. He beareth Argent, three Cats-a-mountains in Pale paffant, Sable, by the Name of Keat ; this with the Arms of XJl- fter , is the bearing of Sir Jonathan Keat of Tauls-Walden in Hart- fordjhire, and of Grove- hurft in the Parifli of Milton in.TO//f,Baronet. He beareth Argent , a Cheveron, Azure, be- tween three Squirels feiant , Gules , by the Name of Lovell. This Bead hath his name Sciurm, or Scuirel, by reafon of the largenefs of his tail , which Iha- doweth all his Body : And is therein like one, who carefully keeping the love and affection of his followers and re- tainers, is fure they will ftick to him, protect and fhadow him in time of need. To whom thofe Villains ( mentioned in the Roman Hi- flory) were much unlike, who betraied their profcribed Lords , flying to them for fhelter and fecret coverture. And fuch a one was the faithlefs Cartifmandua, to whom our renown- ed Britifh King Caraftactu flying to hide him- felf till he might gather his Forces together a- gainft the Romans, flie betraid him unto his Foes, to the ruineof this Kingom : That infa- mous Queen had not Caudam Sciuri, a Squi- rels ihadowing tail; but Caudam IDracoiiM, fiery and venomous. The field is parted per Fefs, Gules and A- zure,iri the firft fix whole Er- myns, Ermyn, couchant, three and three. This was the Coat- Armour of a Biihop in the Kingdome of Scotland, who lived Anno Dom. 1 474. as I find it in Mr. Gar- ter's beforementioned Manufcript. The Sir- name of this Biihop is not there fet down. I have inferted this Coat-Armour in regard of the rarity of the bearing of this Bead whole in an Efcocheon, which is feldom fo ufcd : but the skin of this Beaft is of very frequent ufe iri Arms, it being that Furr in Blazon called Er- myn, of which I have formerly treated in this Book, SeB. 1. Chap. 4. I was as curious as I could in procuring this Efcocheon to be cut like unto that which is depicted in thatMaiiufcript, becaufe I was defirous to demonftrate unto you the falhion of Efcocheons of thofe times. I muft confefs that I find the Blazon there to dif- fer from this of mine ; for there he beginneth to Blazon the bafe part of the field firft, which manner of Blazon at this day is not approved of by Englifh Blazoners. To thele muft be added all fourfooted Beafts that are provident in acquiring their food, as the Hedghog and fuch other. It refteth that I fliould now give Example of the laft fort of Beafts , among them of favage kind before fpoken of, which are thofe of timorous and fearful Nature : Such are thefe that follow,and their like. He beareth Argent, three Conies, Sable, by the Name of Stroode. Conies are bred in molt Countries , but in few are they fo plentiful as in England. Amongft the Baleares they were fo abundant, as that the people made fute to A«- gtt/lw to grant them a military company of Pi- oneers to deflroy them. Of this little Beaft it feemeth, that men firft learned the Art of un- dermining and fubverting of Cities, Caitles, and Towres by the induftry of Pioneers. Ha 152 A Difflay of Heraldry. Se«a.nr. He beareth Sable, three Corri-S current, Or , by the Name ot Cuulif}' , -and with a Crefcent for a difference is the Coat-Armour of Nicholas Cunitjf of ChijUehurfi in Kent , Gent. He beareth Gules, three Conies feiant within a Bordure en- grailed, Argent, by the Name of Cvnubie. Though Nature hath not given thefe timor- ous kinds of Beads fuch craft or ftrength as to the former ; yet are they not deftiture of their fuccours,inthat they have their (1 rong Caflles and Habitations in the Earth, and their Food ever growing fo nigh them, that they need not put themfelves into danger except they lift. He beareth Argent, on a Fefs Nebule, Sable, three Hares heads coup- ed, Or , by the Name of Harewell. The Hare is a Ample Creature,and repofcth all her fafety in fwiftnefs, wherein Hie ufeth many iliifts to help herfelf withal, both to defend herfelf from the peril of the Hounds , and to fruftrate the endeavours of the Huntf- men. She naturally feareth the Eagle, Hawk, Fox and Wolf, her natural Enemies.lt is llrange which fome have written of Hares, that their Nature is, for the felf fame to be fometimes _Male, and fometimes Female. Such an one al- fo (as Poets write ~) was Tirefias of Thebes , who being a man , became a woman, and fo continued feven years, and then returned a- gain to his former (h ape.' Afterward a great Controverfie rifing betwixt Jupiter and Ju- no , whether the man or the woman were more infatiate of Venery , or took raoft de- light therein, he was chofen Arbitrer in the matter , and gave the Garland to Juno and the Female Sex, as being invincible in the incounters of Venus, , He beareth Azure, three Hedghogs , Or, by the Name of Abra- h.ill. The Hedghog fignifieth a man expert in gathering of Sub- ftance,and one that pro- vidently laieth hold up- on preferred opportuni- ty, and fo making Hay (as we fay Proverbially) whilft the Sun fhines, prevented! future want. field in ¥)om. He beareth Azure, a Cheveron between 3 Hedghogs or Urchins, Argent, by the Name of Mainfiont ; and is the Coat-Armour of Mr. William Mam ft one, alias Maynejton, of London , Merchant , lineally de- fended from Thomas Mainftone of TJrchin- Herefordjhire, tempore Ed-w. 5. Anno 1372. He beareth Argent, three Moles, Sable , their Snout and Feet, by the Name of Nan- gothan, or Mangotham, a Family, as I take it, of Scotland. I could not well here term thefe Moles proper , becaufe there be many white Moles ; which colour, whether in them it is occafioned by age or not, I will not here di- fpute. The Mole in Latin is called Talpa, from the Greek word Tuj*2 ( , t*^J, Cacas, Cacitas. He beareth Argent , a Cheveron between 3 Moles, Sable, by the Name of Twifleton ; and with the Arms of Ulfier, is the Coat-Ar- mour of Sir John Twifle- ton oPDartford inKent, Baronet ; as alfo of Ri- chard T-wifietou of Z)rar in the Weft-Riding ot Torkpnre,YX^ And hitherto we have handled fuch Terre- ftrial Animals only, as are called Vivipara, be- caufe they do bring forth living Creatures ; whereas the other Terreftrials do bring forth eggs, and are therefore named Ovipara, of which fort we will fpeak in the next place. CHAP. Chap.XVII. A Difplay of Heraldry. 153 CHAP. XVII. THIS other fort of four-footed Egg- bearing Animals ( as I may fo term them) notwithllanding that in many things they have no fmall reiemblance with man, as well touching the faculties of the ve- getable foul, as alfo the parts of the body ; yet are they far more unlike us, than thofe that bring forth a living Creature. And albeit that thefe Egg-breeding four-footed Animals do confift of the fame bodily parts that the Vivi- para, or Animal-producing do, and of the four humours that are anfwerable in quality to the four Elements, and have all parts , as well in- ternal as external fenfes,and many other things wherein they do communicate with the Vivi- fara ; yet are there many other things where- in they differ not only from thefe,but alfo even amongft themfe'ves one from another of them. For neither do we find in thefe that quicknefs of wit that we obferve in others , neither like parts of ftrength of body that the other have. Like as man Q efpecially in his foul ) ap- proacheth near unto God in likenefs : fo in like manner do other Animals refemble man, where- in they do participate with man in likenefs af- ter fome fort, but in divers degrees; forafmuch as fome of them have more, and fome left like- nefs with us than others have. There it not (faith Beda) amongft theZJui- verfal Works of Nature, anyone thing fo lit- tle, or of fo iafe eftcem, wherein a man can- not fnd fome Divine thing worthy of admira- tion. No left (faith Farnefim~) may we ad- mire the force of a filly Flea, than the hugenefs and ftrength of an Elephant. Not without reafon doth the Husbandman prognosticate the approach of fome great ihowerof Rain by the croaking of Frogs more frequent than ufually ; whereupon he faith , that thiy do cry for rain. For this Obfervati- on is grounded upon a Phyfical Reafon, Omne enim fimile gaudet foe fimili , & ftta natura utili ai • convenient i ; every like is delighted with his like , and with that whiclj, is commo- dious and agreeable to his Nature. Since then that Frogs are exceedingly delighted with wa- ter, as with that which beft agreeth with their Nature ; therefore when they do apprehend a forefenfe of Rain they do rejoice.and do tellifie their joy by finging after their manner. Animals of bale efteem, and of no induflry, have ( for the mod part ) not only four , but manifold feet : whereby we are admoniihed, that perverfe and evil difpofed perfons have multiplicities of affections, in rTpedt that by the motion of the feet our bodies are perduced from place to place ; fo do our affections tranf- ferr us from one delight to another , according to that faying, Pes metis, ajecttts mens; eofe- ror, quocimque feror. Though fome perhaps may efleem thefe Egg-bearing Animals unworthy the dignity of Coat- Armour; yet for my own part, I hold their bearing to be no lels honourabie,than ma- ny of thofe that in common eftimation are re- puted far more worthy; infomuch that fneV may well befeem the bearing of the greateft Potentate. For if it pleafed the Sovereign King of Kings toufe them as his fpecial lni.ru- ments to challife the llubbornefs of fuch as re- belled againft his Ordinance, and to arm thofe his minute and weak Creatures , with fuch an incredible boldnefs, as that they feared not the face or forces of men, but that the very Frogs entred the houfes and chambers of the Egyp- tians, upon the people, into their ovens, and into their kneadmg-throughs ; yea, even into King Pharaoh's Chamber , and upon his Bed. Moreover, if God hath vouchfafed to give to the Cralhopper,the Canker-worm, the Catter- piller, and the Palmer-worm, the honourable Title of his huge great Army: Why mould we prize them at fo low a rate, as that we fliould difdain to bear them in Coat- Armour ? Since God faith by the Prophet Joel, I will render you the years which the Grajhopper hath eaten, the Canker-worm , and the Catterfiller , and the Palmer-worm, my great Hoft which Ifent among you. It is therefore to be obferved, that they alfo have their actions not to be omitted in Blazon, albeit not in that variable manner, nor yet fo copious as fome others. And becaufe they are far different from thofe formerly handled, not only in lhape, but alio in the manner of their living,in their gate and actions ; therefore muft they receive adivers manner of blazon. They are called in Latin Refill/ a,or creeping things- Quia reptant fupcr t err am. And here we mult diftinguilh between thofe things que reptant, which creep, as Frogs, Ants, &c. and thofe qua jerpnnt, which glide, as Snakes; which latter kind we mall fpeak ot afterward. But here we mention thofe Reptiles which are grefiible, fuch as by means of their feet are able to go ftep by ftep from one place to ano- ther ; lo termed * gradiendo, which is pro- ceeding by degrees : And hitherto clfo are re- ferred fuch as by skipping, mounting, or leach- ing, raife their bodies above ground , and 'fi alter their ftation, place, or leat. Of whicft kinds fome have four feet, fome have more. Such as have four feet only, are thefe that fol- low with their like. I have omitted in this Edition that Efcoche- on Sol, charged with three Toads erected, Sa- turn, which according to fome Authors,' was the Coat-Armour of the ancient Kings of France ; becaufe fince my lalt Edition 1 find great variety of opinions concerning this mat- ter, of which I have given a touch in the firft Chapter of the firft Section. And in lieu thereof Y I 54 A Difflay of Heraldry. Seft. HI. I do wefent you with the ancient Coat- Armour Kingdom. He beareth Argent, three Toads erected, Sa- ble , by the Name of Botereux of Cornwall, which Family long fince" there llourifned, as you may read in Learned Camden. Toads and Frogs do communicate this natural property, that when they fit, they hold their heads ftea- dv and without motion: which (lately adion Lrcer in his Shepherds Calender, calleth the Lor dim of Frogs. The bearing of Toads (at- ter the opinion of fome Armorilts) do figmfie ahafty cholerickman, thatiseafily flirred up to anger, whereuntohe is naturally prone ot himfelf, having an imbred poifon from his birth. He beareth Vert, a Tortois paifant, Argent, by the Name of Gawdy; and is born by Sir Charles Gawdy of Crows-hall in T)eben- ham in Suffolk , Knight and Baronet; as alfo (with due differences ) by Charles Gawdy of Stapleton, and Anthony Gawdy of 1 pjwich, .both of the fdd County, Efquires. The fhels of the Arcadian Tortoifes are very great, therefore out of them they do make Harps , whereot Mercury is laid to be the Inventor ; who find- ing a Tortois left upon the Rocks after the fal- ling of the River Nilm, the flefli being con- fumed, andthefinuesthat remained dried up, he ftrake them with his hand, and they made a kind of Mufical found, whereupon he framed it into a Harp, which caufed others to imitate his practice, and to continue the fame unto this day. He beareth Azure , a Tortois erected, Or, by the Name of Cooper. This Efcocheon I have caufed to be inferted in this Edition , to manifeft the various bearing of this greffible Reptile in Armory. Bar a in his Book intituled , Les Blazoiies dez Armories, giveth an Example of two Li- zards, ere&ed one againft another (as if they were combatant) and termeth them rampant, a term very unfitly applied to Reptiles , to whom the terms of mountmg,leaping, or skip- ping are much more proper. To this headmurt be reduced Crocodiles, Salamanders, Chameli- ons, Ewets, Lizards, and whatfoever other Egg-bearing Reptile, having only four lect, as to their natural and proper place There reft- eth yet one other fort of this kind of Reptiles, which are diverfiy fhaped from all the former, and are called in Latin Jnfecla ammalia ; be- caufe that being divided in their body between their head and belly, their parts do feernio di- vided, as if they hang'd only together by final} firings • having no fielh, blood, hnues,&c. And there are alfo bffeBa which flie ; but here we fpeakonlyof Terreftrials , leaving the other to their due place. And becaufe inch bearing is rare, I am inforced (rather than to pafs them over with filence) toufe Coats of Device, for expreffing their fundry forms , as in Exam- ple. He beareth Or , a Cobweb, in the Center thereof a Spider, pro- per. The Spider is born free of the Weavers Company; (lie fludieth not the Weavers Art , neither hath flie the fluff whereof flie makes her thread from any where elfe, than out of her own womb from whence ftie draweth it ; whereof, through the agility and nimblenefs of her feet, flie weaveth Gins, and dilateth, contratteth, and knitteth them in form of a Net. And with the threads that Ihe draweth out of her body, Ihe repair- eth all rents and wracks of the fame. Not un- aptly is mans life refembkd to a Spiders Web, which is wrought with much care and dili- gence, and is fuddenly marred with the leaft occurrent that may befall it. For that it is pro- traded with much care and diligence, and fud- denly ended by fwallowing of a crum, or hair, or fome other leffer accident ( iflefs may be.) In like manner Sophiftical Arguments are like- ned to Spiders webs , for that they are framed with much artificial cunning , and yet are fit for noufebut to intangle flies and weak capacities. And to like purpofe doth the Poet compare the execution of Laws to Cobwebs, faying, Laws like Spiders webs are wrought, Great pes efcape and Jmallare caught. Upton faith, Tliat he hathfeen Spiders bom in Coat- Armour by a certain Lumbar d. By the Spider we may underftand a painful and indu- ftrious perfon , occupied in fome honeft and necelfary bufinefs ; a man careful of his private eftate, and ot good forefight in repairing of fmall decays, and preventing of wracks. The | Spider herfelf is poifonful and deadly, yet is her web reckoned an Antidote againft poifon, not- Chap.XVII. A Dijflay of Heraldry. 55 notwithstanding the fame is extracted out of her womb, In like fort Q faith JElianus') out of the poifonful contagion and infectious ve- ■nome of fin and tranjgrejfwn , the Sovereign powers do take occafion to extract and eftabltfti ■wholfome and profitable Laws againfi filch no- torious crimes. Of the Spider Solomon wri- teth in this manner , The Spider taketh hold with her hands, and is in Kings Palaces. A very remarkable Note doth Famefius pro- pofe unto us , taken from this poor defpifed Creature the Spider, touching the Procreation of Children : It is a matter of great confe- quence of what Parents a man is defcended. If we defire ( faith he ) to have a good race of Horfes, a litter of [fecial good Hounds for game , choice 'Plants and Stocks to plant our Orchards and Gardens with delectable fruits, do we not ufe our uttermofl endeavour to effect them ? How much greater Jhould our care and providence be in the procreation of our Chil- dren 1 The firft inftruttion that the Children receive, ps in the veins and bowels of their 'Parents, whereof we may take an Example from Spiders , which are no Jooner hatched and excluded out of their Eggs, but forthwith they prattife to make webs, as if they had brought with them (_ even out of their Mo- thers womb ~) together with their life,the ar- tificial skiU of webbing. Holy and reverent is that piety that we owe to our Parents; Pa- rens enim eft genitor, parens patria , parens deniqueeftipfe Deus. For he that begot us is our parent , our Couutrey is our parent , and laftly God himfelf is our parent. It hath been often queftioned, Why the Fa- ther loveth the Son more dearly, tenderly, and affectionately, than the Son doth the Father. The Reafon is this, Quia patris amor infilium a natura eft, fill] mparentem ab officio. The affectionate love of the Father proceedeth of Nature, that of the Son of duty. Therefore the facred Law hath decreed, Amab'u patrem (3 matrem tuam,Thoufljalt love thy Father and Mother, but not contrariwife : For where the Law of Nature fpeaketh, there is no need it fhould be aflifted by Commandment. Not- withstanding (even naturally) the love of the Son to the Father is great. We may learn (faith Zanc hi its') by thefe minute Animals, how many and how great in- structions we m^y receive from the univerfal number of "Creatures, that God hath given us for Injlructors and teachers of Moral TDifci- pline , jo that we will open cur eyes to behold them , and liften to God's disciplining us in them. Admirable doubtlefs is the Omnipotency of God in thefe Creatures; for as St. Hierome faith, Epift. ad Heliod. Creatorem non in Ccelo tanttim miramur, (Sc. We do not admire God's power in heaven only , and in the earth the Sun, Elephants, Camels, Oxen, Boars, Li- ons, Sr. but alio in his JmaHeft Creatures , the Ant, Flea, Fly, and fmall Worm, and others of like kind , whoje bodies or fljapes are bet- ter known untonts than their names. So much were the Ifraelites alfotted in Ido- latry, as that they efteemed beafts for gods, as appeateth Wifd. iz. 24. For they went aftray far in the ways of errour, and efteemed the beafts, which their enemies defpifed, for gods j being abufed after the manner of children that have no under ft atiding. So long is any Animal or living Creature faid to have life, as he hath breath and the ex- ercife thereof. And this Rule holdeth not on- ly in fourfooted Animals, but alfo in thofe that we call Infetta, and in gliding Animals alfo , as both Galen and 'Pliny do teach ; though A- riftotle denieth thefe latter to have breath,but therein he fpeaketh comparatively, viz. in re- flect of other Animals, that do attract and de- liver their breath more ftrongly and more fen- fibly, they feem to have no breath at all. One Example more I will propofe , which lhall be of the Emmet , as in this next Ef~ cocheon. mm- *3r He beareth Argent, eleven Emmets, three, two, three, two , one, Sable.Of this filly Crea- ture alfo doth Solomon make mention , faying, The Tijmires a people not ftrong , yet prepare they their meat in Sum- mer. To this fimple and feeble Creature is the flothful man fent to learn wifdome ; where it is faid , Go to the Tifmire, O fluggard, behold her ways and be wife. For fhe having no guide, governour, nor ruler, prepareth her meat in the fummer , and gather eth her food in the harveft, ©r. Very often do the Sacred Scriptures propofe unto us Examples of brute Creatures, as well to up- braid us with our vices, as to (fir us up unto vertue. For as there are in man fparks of the underftanding and practice of heavenly fpirits, even fo thebruteAnimals have certain lhadows or footfteps of the vertuous qualities that are or ought to be in men. Moreover Job 11. 7. Ask now the beafts and the fowls of the hea- vens, and they jhall tell thee ; or fpeak to the earth, and it will ftjew thee; or the fiflj of the Sea, and they {halt declare unto thee. And by the leaft of God's Creatures may we learn many exemplary inducements to vertue, as al- fo many forcible diifwafions from vice, by rea- fon of the apparent figns of the wifdome,pow- er, and mercy of God that are found in them. By the Emmet or Pifmire may be fignified a man of great labour, wifdome, and providence in all his affairs, and of a pregnant and ready memory. The "Examples hitherto produced are taken ouly from Reptiles grcrTible , and though of Y 2 that A Difflay of Heraldry. & tliatkmdwhkhhath more than four feet, I have alledged onlv the two laft Examples or In- (eft a yet there are fome other of many feet , which are not Injefla ; as the Palmer-worm , Cheeflip, Kitchinbobs, which being touched, gather themfelves round like a Ball , and fuch hke, which muft be referred to the fame head. And befides all thefe , there are yet otlierfome which be both greiiible and volant ; fuch are thofe, that having their livelyhood only upon the earth, by the help of a kind of wings they oftentimes change their place for the acquiring of their fuftenance, as in Example. He beareth Gules, a Gralliopper in Fefs paf- farrc, Or. Graflioppers ( faith Vliny ) do fly •with wings made like 'Pellicles or fine skins. The Males of the Graf- hoppers do fing in the Summer fcafon, but the Females are filent. Whereupon the Emmet.who did work (whiles the other did fing) taketh occafion (as it is in the Fable)to taunt their flothmlnefs and pover- ty, faying, Aiflate qu£ cantaveris, in Hyeme (alia. You that fung all Summer, may go Hiake your heels in the Winter. Among the Athenians the Grafhoppers were holden for a fpecialnote of Nobility; and therefore they tiled to wear golden Graflioppers in their hair ( as Tieruts noteth ~) to fignifie thereby that they were defended of noble race and home- bred. For fuch is the natural property of the Gralliopper, that in what Soil he is bred, in the fame he will live and die ; for they change not their place , nor hunt after, new habitations. Hereupon Antiflhenes took occafion to fcofF at the Athenians, faying, That in thu property they did communicate with Tortoifes and Co- des, born and living in the fame Jhels. Solo- vion reckoneth the Gralliopper for one of the four fmall things in the earth that are full of Wifdome , faying , The Grapopper hath no King, y etgo they forth all by bands. There are other of this kind, whofe wings are lefs manifeft than the Graflioppers, becaufe they are clofed in a kind of cafe that can hard- ly be difcerned , but when they are preparing to fly ; for which refpecl they are called Vagi- penme ( faith Calepine ) Quia alas vagmis auibufdam inclufas habent, for carrying their wings fheathed ; as the Hartfly, Beetle, Lady- cow, Sic. which, together with Locufts, and fuch other as are both greiiible and volant, and many-legged, are to be reduced to this head , as to their proper and natural place. I will clofe up all thefe with one Example of the Scor- pion, which RLlianus and others report to be winged in /Egypt and India, though he doubts whether they are not rather bred by the heat of the Sun, than by copulation ; and if by this Seft. 111. latter, whether they come of Eggs , or come forth living. He beareth Argent , a Cheveron, Gules, be- tween three Scorpions reverfed, Sable , by the Name of Cole. 'Tier ins in his Hieroglyphicks , faith , That if a man flricken with a Scorpion fit upon an Afi with his face towards the tail of the Afi, his pain /hall pafi out of him into the Afs , which Jhall be tormented for him. In my opinion, he that will believe this, is the Creature that muft be ridden in this cafe ; but that the oyl of Scorpions is a Chief cure againft their own ltinging,is an ancient obfervation. And it is a Rule of Equity , That where the wrong is offered, there the amends fliould be made. And as thefe in this Efcocheon are born with an Ordinary betwixt them, fofometimes are they born upon Ordinaries ( according to a general Rule premifed ) as may be feen in a Window of S.Gile s's in the Fields in Middle 'ex, where is born in an Efcocheon, Gules, three Pallets, Verrey, on a Chief, Or, a Scorpion erected , Sable. And thus much of Greflibles of all CHAP. XVIII. NOW touching fuch Creatures as we termed Gliding : Thofe may proper- ly be faid to be fuch , which having no feet at all , do yet move , and as it were Hide from place to place ; fome more (lowly , but otherlome with a certain volubility and flexible agitation of the body do make their fpeedy way upon the earth, with many pliant, bowings; and of thefe alfo, fome have for co- verture their skin only , fome both skin and (hell alfo. Of the former fort are thofe now following, with their like. The Field is Gules , an Adder nowed * Or, by the Name of Na- thiley-Theve isa natural antipathy between Man and Serpents of all kinds; in which literal fenfe, that was verified which God promifed , That there ihould be Enmity betwixt the Womans feed and the Serpents; though a fpiritual Enmity betwixt Chnft and the Devil ( that old Serpent ) was principally foretold. The Serpent is very prudent and fub- tile, either to hurt other, or to fave himfelf: Bur Chap. XIX. A Difplayof Heraldry. But his fpecial care is to defend his head, know- ing that part to be the principal, and withal the weakeft. This here enfolded may feem to be one of the Locks of that monftrous Dame Medufa, every hair of whofe head was faid to be a Snake. And indeed Albertm faith, That the hair of a woman, taken at fame jeafans and laid in dung, will become very •venomous Serpents. Which fome have fuppofed to befal that Sex for the ancient familiarity it had at firft with that accurfed Serpent. To the four-footed Egg-bearing Animals do the Serpents come very nigh , as alfo other Reptiles, For all Serpents have blood, flefh, finews, and other like parts as four-footed Ani- mals have, although not in that perfection that they have them. They are indowed alfo with head, noftrils, eyes, tongue, teeth, and with lights and fpleen, and other inward parts and bowels of the body, but much difcrepant from the members and bowels of all others Notwithflanding that Serpents are far une- qual to four-footed Animals, both in lhape and ftrength ;yct will they not give place to many of them for fharpnefs of wit. It is a Creature full of fubtilty, as teftifieth, GV».}. And the Serpent was more fubtile than any Bea jt of the field: For befides his exterior fenfes, he is crafty and fubtile in preferving his life , in ma- king choice of his lurking dens, in acquiring his food, in hatching up his brood, in expelling from him , and putting off his old ilough. So that for good cauie did our Saviour exhort us (in goodnefs) to imitate the wifdome of the Serpent. Thefe few Examples may ferve inftead of many, which might be brought of Serpents of fundry other names and natures, which all are hitherto be referred. Now let us fee one Ex- ample of fuch gliding or Hiding Animals as are more flow-paced, and have both skin and fhell to cover them ; of which number is the Snail , reckoned of all other that are born in Coat- Armour, the floweft And no marvel , fince it carrieth on her back no lefs a burden than her whole houfe ; for which caufe flie is called Tar- digrada Uomiporta , the flow-going Houfe- bearer. He beareth Sable, a Fefs between 3 Houfe- fnails, Argent, by the Name of Shelley. Thcfe are called Houfe-fnails , either becaufe they fo carry their Houfes up- on their back, whereby they be aptly diftin- guifhed from the Car- oen-fnail, that hath no hcufe or fhell ; or be- caufe ufually thev breed about old houfes. The bearing of the Snail doth fignifie, that much deliberation muft be ufed in matters of great difficulty and importance ■ For albeit the Snail 57 goeth mod flowly , yet in time, by her con- ltancy in her courfe, fhe afcendeth the top of the higheft Tower, as the worthy and learned Gentleman Mr. Carew of Antony, hath wittily moralized in his Poem intituled, The Herrings Tail. It is alfo fabled, that when the Snail and the Hare were to go a journey for a wager, the Hare confident of his Footman/hip, refol- ved to take a nap by the way ; the Snail know- ing he had nothing to trull to but his indefati- gable perfeverance, came to his ways end be- fore the Hare could awake. But a worfe thing in the Snails going is this, that wherefoever he goeth, he leaveth fuch marks and lines, that a man may as eafily track him, as a young Thief that is not yet perfect in his trade. And thus by little and little have we alfo with the Snail ended one part of our journey concern- ing Animals Terreftria! , or which live upon the earth : And becaufe we have yet much way to travel , we will now take wings, and will mount up with fuch Creatures as live a- bovethe earth. CHAP. XIX. A Second general Member of our Divifion of living Creatures, concerning fuch as live above the Earth in the Air , as are the Fowls and Birds of all forts : and as we di- ftinguifhed the former by their feet,fo the fame Method we will follow'in thefe. Their feet therefore are in fome whole or conjoyned ; in others divided. The whole-footed do in a fort referable the palm of a mans hand, and are therefore in Latin called Talnupedes ; iuch as the Swan, Goofe, Duck, and for the moft part all River Fowls, as partly ihall appear hereaf- ter by Examples. But here I hold it necefTary, entring into this Difcourfe, to fet down fome general Rules or Notes concerning the bearing of Birds or Fowls, that the Readermayknow whither to refort for a refolution of fuch doubts as may arife touching their bearing. Fowls or Birds are of more worthy bearing in Coat- Armour than Fifties, becaufe they do more participate of air and fire ( the two nobleft and highelt Elements p than of water or earth. All fowls, of whatfoever kind, muft be born in Coat- Armour , as is beft fitting the proprie- ty of their natural actions , of going , fitting, ftanding, flying, 8£d Otherwifefuch Armory (hall be faid to be falfe , becaufe Ars imitatur natnram in quantum polefl ; Art as much as poffible it can, doth imitate Nature. All Birds are muttered under the name of Fowls, as un- der their Genus or General, and fo may feem (_ after a fort) to be one. Neverthelefs,in their Species, or feveral kinds, they differ much touching their particular qualities ; for fome of them are Ample , fome others fubtile , fome folitarv, 58 A Biff lay of Heraldry. Seer-,unlcfs they either in fart, or in whole, be bom of Jome other colour than u natural (o them. In the blazoning of Fowls much exercifed in flight, if their wings be not difplaied, they fliall be faid to be born clofe ; as lie beareth an Eagle, F alcon, Swallow, Sic. clofe. As in other forementioncd Creatures , fo in Fowls alfo, befides the whole bearing, the parts or members are alfo ufually born in Coat- Armour, as the heads, wings , feathers , and Legs : and both couping and erafmg are as in- cident unto the parts of Fowls , as of thofe TerreMals, as by Examples following Hull ap- pear ; wherein I will firfl begin with River Fowls Q which for the moft part are whole- footed) ufmg neither curioufnefs in their form of placing, or copioufnefs in their number,- but only that by the afiiftance of fome few chief Examples, that which hath been delivered by Precepts and Rules, may be the more eafily un- derftood. He beareth Gules , a Swan, Argent , by the Name of Leigham. All River Fowls have their tails Ihorter than other Birds ; wherein Nature hath providently or- dained, that the length of their tail lhould not be any impediment to them in their fwiming, diving, or riming. The Swan is a Bird of great beauty and flrength al- fo : and this is reported in honour of him, that he ufeth not his ltrength to prey or tyrannize over any other Fowl, but only to be revenged on fuch as firft offer him wrong ; In which caje (Taith Ariftole~) he often jubdneth the Eagle. This Bird is dedicated to Venus, whofe white colour denoteth fincerity ; yet Leda was by fupter deceived, when in that lhape he fled into her Lap, when he was purfued by the Ea- gle. He beareth Sable , a Swan with her wings expanfed, Argent,mem- bred, Or , within a bor- durc engrailed of the fame, by the Name of Moore. The Swan ne- ver encounters with any other of his own kind , but in thefe two cafes : Firft, if any other be a Rival in his love, orof- fer to court his mate ; in which quarrel he will be revenged to the death : alfo, if another in- croach upon his polfeflion and place of haunt , he is never at quiet till he hath expulfed him. And thefe two points are caufes of moft quar- rels amongft the nobleft Spirits. Azure, a Bend en- grailed between two Signets Royal, Argent, gorged with Ducal Crowns with ftrings re- flexed over their backs, Or. This is the Pa- ternal Coat-Armour of Sir Charles Titfield of Hoxton in the Parifh of St. Leonards Shoreditch in Middlefex , Kt. de- fended of the ancient Family of the Titfelds of Symonsbury in the County of Tlorfet. He Chap.XlX. A D iff lay of Heraldry. i 59 He beareth Azure, a Bend, Or; between two Swans, Argent , by the Name of jeiujim ; and is the Coat-Armour of Thomas Jenifonof Elf- wick in Northumber- land , Efq; Maior of Newcastle upon Tyne for the year 1675-. Argent, on a Bend , Culcs , between three Ogrelfes,as many Swans proper, by the Name of Clark, and is the Coat- Armour of Sir Francis Clark of the City of London, Kt. of George Clark of Watford in Northamftonjijire, Efq; of Robert Clark of Long Buckley, and of Samuel Clark of Nort on ]oot\\ of the laid County, Efquires. He beareth Azure , two Swans, Argent, be- tween as many Flan- ches , Ermyn , by the Name of Melijli of Lon- don, clefcended from the Family of the Melijhes of Sander fled in Surrey. He beareth Azure , three Swans necks era- fed,proper,by the Name of Lacy. It feemeth thefe Swans died a vio- lent death, by the rent- ing off their Necks : but for their natural death , divers write, that it is fo acceptable unto them , that forefeeing the fame, they fing for joy, which they never do in their young days. In which refped, asalfofor his whitenefs (the colour ot iincerity ) he was by the Ancients called Apollo % Bird; becaufe thofe that are learned, know beft how to cpntemn this life, and to die with refolution and comfort j and at- fo for that good Arts mould have fincerity and purity joyned with it, but not fuch as is in mew only , and outward ; for therein indeed the Swans purity is too Puritanical, in that in his feathers & outward appearance he is all white, but inwardly his body and flcfli is very black. He beareth Sable, } Swans necks couped , proper , by the Name of Squire. Here you ihall not need to menti- on either the metal of thefe necks , being Ar- gent , or yet their mem- bring, being Gules , be- caule they be both na- tural to the Swan. But if either of them dif- fered from their natural colour, then mould you make fpecial mention thereof. Moreover in thefe and other Fowls, that are not much ex- ercifed in flight, you ihall not need to fpeak of their clofeneis : only if their wings be open , then (hall you take notice thereof. He beareth Gules, a Cheveron, Argent,be- tween three wild Duks volant, proper, by the Name of Wolrich. The wild Duck hath many fhrewd enemies,as Men, Dogs, and Hawks ; and therefore Nature hath a/lifted her with many fhifts ; when any man lays wait for them, they fly to the water; when the Eagle purfueth them there, they dive under water ; when the Spaniel moleits them there alfo, they mount into the Air : by which varieties they often beguile the hopes of their purfuers. He beareth Argent, a Stork ,SabIe,membred, Gules. This Coat per- tainefh to the Family of Starkey in Che/hire , where now refideth Jo. Shirley of IVrenbury , Efq; Thomas Starkey of Stretton, Efq; Ralph Starkey of Morfanny , Efq; and John Starkey of T)arley, Efq; In this Fowl we may obferve the true and lively image of a Son ; for whatfoever duty a Son oweth to his Parents, they all are found and obferved in the Stork. The duties of a Son to the father are four : The firft is of love, the fe- condof honour, the third of obedience, the la/l is of aid and fuccour. F orafmuch as he receiveth life by his Father ( than which no- thing is more defirable) lie is compelled by the Laws of Nature to love his Father. And where- as it is the part and duty of a Father to bring up and inftrucl: his Son in vertue, and that ver- tue hath no other reward than honour; unkfs the Son do give honour to the Father, he doth violate or rather lofe the name of a Son. Be- caufe alfo he receiveth nourilhment from his Father, wherein confifterh the Mentation of life; A Diftlay of Heraldry. Se£UH. life; there is nothing compnfcd under this name of fuftentation, that the Son l'ecmeth not to owe to his Father: finally, iorafrauch as the F ather is God's Vicegerent, the Son, next unto God, is bound to obey his Parents. Thcfe are the things that Nature, or rather God in Nature teaclieth us by the Stork j Natura e- iiim nihil agit , mfi aterim covjiliis , Natufe doth nothing but by God's fpecial direction/ He beareth Azure, three Storks rifing, pro- per , by the Name of Gibfon. The Stork is a Bird moft careful of her young; and there- fore Nature requireth that her care, for their young do take the like care ior them in their old age. Whence it is, that the Stork is the Emblem of a grateful man. In which refpecT: Milan writeth of a Stork, which bred on the houfe of one who had a ve- ry beautiful wife, which in her husbands ab- fence ufed to commit adultery with one of her bafe fervants ; which the Stork obferving, in gratitude to him who freely gave him houfe- room , flying in the Villains face, ftruck out both his eyes. He beareth Gules, j Herons, Argent, by the Name of Heron. This with the Arms of VI- jter, is the Coat-Ar- mour of Sir Cutbert He- run ofChipchaje m Nor- thumberland, Baronet. He beareth Gules, a Cheveron, Ermyn, be- tween three Herons, Argent. This is the Coat-Armour of John Heron oUGodmanchefler in Huntiugton/hire, Efq; Confellor at Law, who deriveth his defcent from Sir John Heron, or Hamw, Kt. w ho came into England with 1 Villi am the Conqueror,and married the daughter and heir of Sir William Chepeehafe, or Chipches, of Chipchafe Cafile in Northumberland, Kt. of the Saxon race ; and by her had iflue Sir Roger Heron of Chipehafe Cijile aibrefaid, Kt. lineal Anceftor of the faid John. Sable, a Cheveron, Ermyn, between three Herons , Argent , is born by Sir Nathaniel Heme of the City of London , Knight and Al- derman. He beareth Sable, a Fefs between three Sheldrakes, Argent, by the Name of Sheldon; and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Jofef h Sheldon of the City of London, Kt. Lord Maior thereof An- no 1676. The Field is Azure, a Cheveron between 3 Sterns clofe , Argent , membred, Gules. This is the Paternal Coat-Ar- mour of the ancient Fa- mily of Duke of Bram- pton in the County of Suffolk, of which Sir John Duke Baronet, now refident at Benhall-lodge in the faid Coun- ty, is the lineal defended Heir. And is alio born by Tollemach Duke of Lincoln;-lnn in Middlesex , Efq; Exiginter of his Majefties Court of Common fleas for London, &c. Son and Heir of Dr. Edward Duke oWonington in Suffolk (by Eli zabeth his wife, only daughter oi Robert , fecond fon of Sir Lionel Tollemach of Bent ley and Helmingham ^ in the faid Coun- ty , Baronet ) and lineally defcended of the whole blood from the ancient Family of the Dukes of Brampton and Shadingfield in the faid County. The colour Azure reprefenteth the Saphire ftone.whofe virtue, as Philosophers write, operateth much in according difagree. ments. This colour iu Armory by it fclf fio-. niheth the Bearer thereof to be of a good dii- pofition , and to merit perpetual renown. And being compound with Argent, it denoteth the Bearers vigilancy in his Sovereigns fervice. Under thefe forts will I briefly comprehend all River-Fowls whatfoever, -viz,, all fuch as are whole-footed under the former; and all Cranes, Herns, Cormorants , &c. under this latter; for that albeit they be of the kind of River-Fowls, yet have they their feet divided. CHAP. XX. AFTER thofe River-Fowls whole-footed and divided, by order it now falleth to hand that I fhould proceed to fuch Fowls as do frequent, partly the Air, and part- ly the Land ; of which fome are Fowls of prey , otherfome are Predable , or fit to be made a Prey. Such asafe Fowls of prey have their Beaks and Tallons evermore hooked and (harp: hook- ed for fure feizing and detaining; and fharp for fpeedy Chap.XX. A Difplay of Heraldry. ] fpeedy rending and dividing thereof. Such are Eagles of all forts, Vultures, Falcons, Gerfal- cons, Sakers , Lanerts , Tercels , Sparhawks, Marlins, Sic. as alfo Kites, Buzzards, Owls,&c. Of Fowls (faith 'Pliny) thoj'e that have hook- ed claws and tallons,are not fruitful breeders, for the moflpart ; 'wherein Nature hath well provided for all kinds of Fowls , that the mightier Jbould not be (o copious as the weak- er, and fitch as do fly from the tyranny of o- thers. Some of thefe Fowls of prey are fj in their kind) ennoblifhed by nature in as high a degree of Nobility, as the chiefeft of the Ter- reftnal Animals before handled. Such are thofe that do much frequent the Air, as Eagles and Hawks of all forts , which are much exercifed in flying ; and albeit they do build their nefts, and have their feeding upon the earth , yet is their agitation above in the air. Therefore in regard of the worthinefs of the Element where- in they are chiefly occupied, I will begin with Birds of prey, and after our former order, flrft with their whole bearing , and fo defcend to the parts ( promifcuoufly ) of fundry Birds , according to the dignity of their place,or more noble ufe, as in Example. The Field is Azure, an Eagle difplayed, Ar- gent, armed, Gules, on a Canton of the fecond, a finifter hand couped at the wrift, as the third. Thefe Arms appertain- ed to the right worthy Sir Robert Cotton of Cou- nington in Hunting! ou- Jbire Knight and Baronet , now deceafed a learned Antiquary, and a Angular favourer and preferver of all good learning and antique Mo- numents. Cajus Julius Cafar, Son of Lucius Cafar a Roman, in the year before Chrift 52, having conquered France , overcame alfo Caffibulan King of Britain, and made the Ifland become Tributary to him and his Succeffors 485 years, at which time Confiantine of America obtained the Kingdom; he bore Sol, an Eagle difplay- ed, Saturn, armed, Mars. Topaz, an Eagle difplayed, Diamond , was the Coat ol Edwyn a Saxon, who at the time of the Conqueft was Earl of Coventry ■ and he with Eurl Swardus, and Marker his Bro- ther, kept the Me of Ely againft the Conque- ror; for which caul'e he was baniflied the King- dom,and afterwards was flain in Scotland with- out Illue. Argent, an Eagle difplayed , Sable, is the Coat-Armour of Sir Tbeopbilus Bidulph of Eaft-Greenwicb in Kent. Gules, ah Eagle difplayed, Or, is the Coat- Armour of theUoddards of Norfolk. The Eagle having her wirigs thus difplayed, doth mamieft her induflrious exercife, in that flie is not idle, but continually pra&ifeth that courfe of life whereunto nature hath ordained her: and doth (ignitie a man of aclion , ever-"- more occupied in high and weighty affairs, and one of a lofty fpirit, ingenious , fpeedy in ap- prehenfion, and judicious in matters ol ambi- guity. For amongft other noble qualities in the Eagle, her fliarpnefs and ftrength of fight is much commended ; and it is a greater ho- nour to one of noble Off-fpring to be wife and of ftiarp and deep unclerltandmg, than to be rich or powerful, or great by birth. The Ea- gle is the moft honourable bearing of Birds ; and for its fwiftnefs of flight , was called the Meffengerof the Gods. He beareth Ermyn, an Eagle difplayed , Gules , armed, Or, by the Name of Bedding- field. This is an ancient Family , and of good note in the Counties of Suffolk and Norfolk; and now pertaineth to Sir Henry Bedding-field of Oxborough , and dwelling at Beck-hall in Norfolk, Baronet ; to Philip Beddingfield of Ditchingham , and Cbriflopher Beddingfield of Witeton, both of the fa id County, Efquires. And in the County of Suffolk, to Sir TJjomaS Beddingfield of Tlarfljam-ball, Kt. John Bed- dingfield of Halejwortb , Efq; Henry Bed- dingfield alfo of Hale/worth, Efq; and \ Francis Beddingfield of Fleming-ball in Redlingfield , Gent. The Eagle is faid to be Altivolans avis, art high-faaring Bird, that fometime flieth fo high a pitch, as that flie tranfcendeth the view of man.She hath a tender care of her young: when they be fligg or flufh ( as we fay ) and ready for flight , then flie ftirreth up her neft and fluttereth over them ; yea, flie taketh them on her wings , and fo foareth with them through the Air, and carrieth them aloft, and fo freeth them from all danger. In that flie carrieth her young ones rather upon her wings than in her tallons, flie flieweth her tender care and love that flie beareth unto them. She is abundant- ly full of feathers , by means whereof flie gli- deth through the Air very lightly, and maketh way through the fame with great expedition and {\v'Ane(s.Onr perfecutors (falthjeremiah) are fwifter than the Eagles of heaven. And again, zSam.i.i]. Saul and Jonathan were fwifter than Eagles. The Crown of her head is enlarged with baldnefs as her years are en- creafed. As we may fee Michah 1.16. Make thee bald and fljave thee for thy delicate chil- dren : Enlarge thy baldnefi as the Eagle, for Z they i6a Ihey are gone into captivity from thee. Wherein the Prophet alludeth to the cuftomes of the j Gentiles, who in the time of their mourning ufed to (have their heads , and cut their fiefh, and to fcorch the fame with ftigmatical marks, which cuftqms God did expreily forbid the If- rachtes to ufe, as appeareth Deuteronomy 14. i. He bearcth Gules, an Eagle difplayed, Or, crowned, Argent,by the Name of Greaves ; and with the Arms of ZJl- fterjs the Coat-Armour of Sir Edward Greaves of St. Leonards Foreji in Snffex,and of Hariet- JbaminKent , Baronet. This Coat without the Arms of &l[ier, and with its due difference, is born by his brother Thomas Greaves, Dr. in Divinity. The Field is Jupiter, an Eagle difplayed chec- key, Sol and Mars. This Coat-Armour ( accord- ing to TSara~) pertaineth to the Kingdom of Mo- ravia. Albeit that this kind of bearing may feem ftrange to us in England, yet it is very common in Germany (faith Sir John Feme in his Glory of Generojity) to bear Beaftsor any quick thing of colours checkey, as well as any other charge of dead thing. And notwith- ftanding that fuch bearing be not agreeable to nature, yet (faith he) if it were either as ancient, or born by fo great an eftate (in re- gard of the Armory) it holdeth comparifon with the Coat of Cafar, which is Or, an Eagle difplayed with two necks, Sable, as far diffent- ing from Nature, fmce it is monftrous for one body to have two heads. Yet in this and other like, there are fpecial myfteries of as honou- rable intendments, as there is in thofe that are born according to nature. He bearcth Argent, an Eagle difplayed with two necks, Sable, by the Name of Glynn ; and with the Arms of Zjl- fler , is the bearing of Sir William Glynn . of Bi[Ji(}er,aYh\s Bttrcefter, in Oxfordshire, and of Flawarden in Flint '/hire, Baronet. A Diftlay of Heraldry. s«a.ui. He beareth Argent, an Eagle difplayed with two necks within a bor- dure engrailed , Sable, bythe Name of Hoare; and is the Coat-Armour of James Hoare of Ed- monton in the County of Middlefex, and of the Middle Temple , London, Efq. He beareth Vert , j Eagles difplayed in Fefs, Or , by the Name of Winn ; and is the Coat of Sir Richard Winn of Gwedir in Caemarvon- Jhire , Baronet. This Coat is alfo born by Sir John Williams of Mm- fter in the Ifle of Tha- net in Kent, Baronet ; and by Lewis and Ri- chard AnwyU of Tark in Merionethjtnre, En- quires. Nor is it ftrange to fee one Coat born by feveral Names, confidering their defcent from one Tribe, for the different Sirname is but a late accident. Azure, a Fefs indent- ed, Or, between three Eagles difplayed , Ar- gent, by the Name of Walter ; and with the Arms of ZJlfler, is the Coat of Sir William Walter of Sarfden in OxfordJIjire , Baronet, defcended from the an- cient Family of the Wal- ters of Warwicijhire. He beareth Argent, a Fefs, Gules , between three Eagles difplayed, Sable, by the Name of Leeds ; and is the Coat- Armour of Mr. Edward Leeds of Lmcolns-lnn in Middlesex, only Son furviving of Mr. An- thony Leeds of Croxton in Cambridgjhirc, who is fon and heir of Ed- ward Leeds of the faid place , Efq; defcended from theFamily of the Leeds anciently of Leeds Town, and alfo of Leeds Caftle in Kent, from which place this Family took their Name. He Chap.XX. A Difflay of Heraldry. He beareth Sable, an Fagle difplayed be- tween two Cotifes, Ar- gent, a Canton firiifter, Or, by tlie Name of Jordan; and is the Coat of Thomas Jordan of Charlwood in Surrey, Efq. Now I will Ihew you an Example, where three of thefe kind of Birds are born together upon one Ordinary j but when you find two or more of them fo born or in one Efcocheon without interpofition of fome Ordinary between them, you muft not then term them Eagles, but Eaglets, is Leigh hath obferved,/.?£. 1 04. And I take it , this Rule of his is grounded upon the fame Reafon, that I have formerly given concerning Lions «nd Lioncels in the fiiteenth Chapter of this third Section, pig. 138. for the Eagle is the Sovereign of Birds, as the Lion is of Beafts. He beareth Argent, on a Bend, Gules, three Eaglets difplayed,Or,an Annulet(for a difference of a fifth Brother} of the fecond. This Coat- Armour pertained to the Family of Abington of iD/rwdefoell in the County of Glocefier, of which was defcended that generous Gentle- man Mr. Abington now deceafed , fometime Gentleman Uflier to Prince Henry, and after- ward one of the Gentlemen Pensioners both to King James, and alfo to our late Sovereign. Thefe Eaglets, becaufe they be ftill in exercife, do lively reprefent their Sires to be no Baftards or degenerate Brood. It is'ftoried, that the old Eagles make a proof of their youn" by expofmg them againlt the Sun-beams, and°fuch as cannot fteddily behold that brightnefs are caft forth as unworthy to be acknowledged their OfF-fpring. In which refpedt William Jivfus, King of this Land, gave for his Device an Eagle looking againft the Sun, with this word-ferfero, I can indure it : to fignifie, he was no whit degenerate from his puilfant' Fa- ther the Conqueror. He beareth Argent, a Crofs between four Eagletsdifplayed,Gules, by the Name of Stra- chey ; and is the Coat- Armour of John Stra- chey of Sutton-Court in Somerfetfliire, Efq - Stu- dent at Lincoln Co Hedge at0.v/W,and Barrefter of Grays Inn. The Field is Gules, a Cheveron, Verrey, be- tween three Eagles dif- pla\ed, Or. This was the Coat-Armour of Sir William Wilmer of Jr- •well in the County of Northampton, Kt. The true magnanimity and fortitude of the mind is fignified by the Eagle, which never feeketh to combat with any fmall Birds, or thofe which for their weaknefs be far unequal to herfelf. He beareth Argent, three Eagles heads era- fed, Sablej armed, Or, by the Name of Tellen. The Eagle , though he mounteth high , yet is his eye ftill roving on the ground ; fo thofe who are higheft eleva- ted in honour,ihould yet ftill entertain the humbleft thoughts ; But with this difference from the Eagle, in that llie look- eth downward to feek out fome prey ; which is molt unworthy of any noble Spirit , whom it ill befitteth to pry and prole into poor mens ftates to make a prey of them , as thofe great ones of whom David faith, that They humbled themselves, that the congregation of the poor may fall into the hands of their captains. The Beak of an Eagle in her old age waxeth lb hook ed, that it hindereth her feeding , and fo im- pareth her ftrength, then (according to fome Authors ) flie fheth to the Rock, and whetteth the lame fo long, until Ihe make it proportion- able to the neathermoft,whereby Ihe becometh no lefs capable of food than before. And fo re- neweth her ftrength as Tfal. 103. Which fa- tisfieth thy mouth ■with good things, making thee young and lufty as an Eagle. He beareth Argent, a Cheveron between j Hawks heads erafed, A- zure , by the Name of Honywood ';and with the Arms oiLMfter , is the bearing of Sir William Honywood of Elmefled in Kent, Baronet, who is the eldeft Houfe of the faid Family, which hath j • j fprcad it felf into feve- ral branches, amongft which are five Knights. The 164 A Difflay of Heraldry. Sea.lII. The Field is Ruby, two wings inverted and conjoyned , Topaz , by the Name of Seymour. The wings are Hiero- gl) plucks of celerity , and ibmetime of prote- ction and coverture ; as thePfalmift often fpeaks of biding under tvejba- 4idon,tha.t was bale Son to the puiffantiW*^ Trince. ■ The proper conufance of the Princes oilVales, being the fame three feathers born altogether with oneEfcrole,having this Motto, I C H D I E N ; whereby in Princely modefty they dutifully profefsthat which St. Tanl a- vows, That the Son, as long as he is under tui- tion, is himfelf a SubjeB. But the Oftrich's feathers in plume were fometimes alio the De- vice of King Stefhen , who gave them with thisword, VI NULLA INVERTI- T U R O R D O , No force alters their fa- fljion ; alluding to the fold and fall of the lea- ther, which howfoever the wind may fhake it, it cannot diforder it ; as likewife is the condition of Kings and Kingdoms well efta- blilhed. He beareth Argen^, fix Oftrich's feathers , three, two, and one, S^- ble , by the Name -of Jervu. This man was a principal Founder of Exbridge in the Coun- ty of 'Devon. Of the Oftrich , fome have doubted whether he fliould be reckoned a Beaft or a Fowl, in re- fpe£r. of fome participation of both kinds ; yet doth T. Belon du Mans make no fcruple at all to fort him among Birds : therefore I Have held it fit to place his feathers here amongft the parts of Birds. He beareth Sable, an Eagle's leg in Pale, era- fed a la quife, Argent, the tallons, Gules , by the Name of Canhanfer. This is termed a la quife ; and quife in French figniriet!} a thigh. It is moft un- doubted that the devou- rer fhall be devoured in his due time, even as the rending and preying legg is here it felf rent off from the body. A worthy document for all great men, whofe bearing is of the ravening and preying kind, to Hand in fear how they feize on any prey againft juftice; becaufe if they efcape the like meafure with man , yet it is a juft thing with God to ftiew no mercy to them which are mercilefs. He Chap. XX. A Difplay of Heraldry. 165 He beareth Or, two Eagles lcggs barr-ways, ! erafed * la quije, Sable, armed, Gules. Though the Eagles ltrength be much in her leggs and beak, yet fomeumes fhe is for to ufe her wit to rend her prey ; as efpe- cially fhe doth in break- ing open all Shell-fifTi, which fhe ufeth (as For- tune doth many great men) to carry them up very high , that they might fall with greater force, and fo be broken up tor her iood.Where- of there is recorded one memorable, but piti- ful experiment on the Poet ffifchylmvfho fit- ting in deep meditation, an Eagle thinking his bald-head had been a ftone, let fall a Tortoife upon it, and fo made a Tragical end of that no- ble Tragedian. The Field is Argent, a Cheveron between 3 Eagles leggs erafed, a la quife , Sable , their tallons armed, Gules, by the Name of Bray. To thefe leggs of Eagles I hold it not unfit to acf- joyn ( for company^ 5 Ravens leggs born after another fort. The Raven was the Enfign of the Danes when they invaded this Kingdom ; whole whole bearing you mail find hereafter. He beareth Argent , three Ravens leggs era- fed, Sable, meeting in the Fefs point , their Guly tallons extended into the three acute cor- ners of the Efcocheon , by the Name of Owen of Wales , the Son of Madock. The Raven hath his name for his Rapine, whence other like Birds are termed Ravenous ; but his fto- mack is moft fhewed on dead Carkafles,where- as amongft generous Spirits, it is accounted bafe to be valiant amongft them that cannot refift,or to hurt the name and reputation of the dead. As the Terreftrial Animals have their peculiar actions and geftures , fo doubtlefs have Birds and Fowls their gefturc according to their kind: forfometime we find them born pearching , which action is more ufual with Birds or Fowls of prey that are throughly mained Si brought to the fill, as in this Example. He beareth Gules, a Bend wavy , Argent, in the fmifler chief point a Falcon Handing on a Pearch,Or. This Coat pertained to the Family or Hazvieridge of HwjL'kworthy in the Count)' of Devon. Now fince we are come to treat of Fowls of prey ; whereot (next to the Eagle, which is reckoned the So- vereign Queen of all Fowls , like as the Lion is reputed the King of all Eealls ) the Golhawk, the Falcon, the Gerfalcon, and all other long- winged Hawks ; as alfo all Sparhawks, Marli- ons, Hobbeys, and other like fmall Fowl of prey are the chief, it ihall not be altogether impertinent ( though therein I do fomewhat digrefs from my principal purpofe) if I give fome little touch of the propriety of terms commonly ufed of Falconers in managing their Hawks, and tilings to them appurte- nant, according to the flendernefsof my skill, always fubferibing herein to the cenfure and reformation of profeffed Falconers. The caufe of this my digreilion is, the defire I have to give fome fuperncial tafte unto Gentlemen of the terms of Falconry , like as I have done Chap. 14. of the terms of skilful Woodmen orHuntfmen : That fo in their mutual conver- fing together, they may be able to fpeak pro- i perly (though but fuperficialfy ) and deliver their minds in apt terms, when in their meet- i ings they happen to fall into difcourle of the noble recreations and delights, either of our generous Armorial Profefiion, or of Hunting and Hawking ; that fo the ftanders by may fay of them ( when they (hall obferve their skil- ful difcourfes) as old Father Simon faid to Sofia his late Bondman, touching the delights of his Son 'Pamfhilm, Ter. And. Quod 'flerique omnes faciunt adolefcentuii, Ut animum ad aliquodfiudium adjuugant, aut equos Aleve, aut canes ad venandum, aut adTbilo- fophos : Hornm 1 lie nihil egregie prater cat era Studebat, & tamen omnia hac mediocriter. It is a ufual thing with the moft part of young men to delight themfelves , either in pampering ot Horfjs, or to cheriih Dogs for hunting, or to addkSf. themfelves tothefludy of Philofophy ; he fixed not his delight in anv one of thefe more than anothet, yet was he meetly well feen in them all . The terms of Falconry, that I purpofe to touch in this place, are briefly thefe that fol- low. Firft,a Hawk is faid to bate, when (lie ftriveth to fly from the lift. She i66 A Difylay of Heraldry. Seft. 111. She is faid to rebate, when by the motion of the bearers hand (he recovereh the fift. You muft fay, feed your hawk, and not give her meat. A hawk is faid (after ilie hath fed J flie fini- te th or fweepeth her beak, and not wipeth her beak or bill. By the beak of an hawk is underftood the upper part which is nooked. The neather part of the beak is called the hawks clap. The holes in the hawks beak are called her Nares. The yellow between the beak and the eyes is called the Sere- Hawks of long fmall black feathers like hairs about the Sere, are properly called Crinites. You muft fay your hawk jouketh , and not fleepeth. Alfoyour hawk pruneth, and not picketh herfelf. But your hawk cannot be faid properly to prune herfelf, but when fhe beginneth at her legs, and fetcheth moifture at her tail, where- with (he embalmeth her feet , and ftriketh the feathers of her wings through her beak. Her fetching of the Oyl is called the Note. Your hawk is faid to rowfe , and not fhake herfelf. Sometime your hawk countenances, when (lie picketh herfelf. Then fliall you not fay (lie pruneth herfelf, but that flie reformeth her feathers. Your hawk collieth, and not breaketh ; your hawk ftraineth, not clitclieth or fnatcheth. She mantleth, and not ftretcheth, when flie extendeth one of her wings along after her leggs, and fo the other. After flie hath thus mantled herfelf, flie crof- feth her wings together over her back, which action you fliall term the warbling of her wings and fay, flie warbleth her wings. You iliall fay your hawk mutelheth or mu- teth, and notsklifcth. You fliall lay call your hawk to the Pearch , and not fet your hawk upon the Pearch. Furthermore you fliall fay, flie is a fair,long, fliort, thick hawk, and not a great hawk. Alfo you fliall fay, this hawk hath a large,or a fliort beak, but call it not a bill. Alfo that your hawk is full gorged, and not cropped. And that (he hath a fine head,or a fmall head well feafoned. You fliall fay, your hawk putteth over, and endueth, but both of them in a divers kind. She putteth over, when (lie removeth her meat from her gorge into her bowels, by tra- verfing with her body, but chiefly with her neck, as a Crane or fome other bird doth. She never endueth fo long as her bowels be full at her feeding ; but as foon as fhe hath fed, andrefteth, (lie endueth by little and little. If her gorge be void, and her bowels any thing ftiff, then fliall you fay fhe is embowelled, and hath not fully endued. So long as you find any thing in her bowels, it is dangerous to give her meat. He beareth Sable , a Gofliawk , Argent, pearching upon a ltock fixed in the bafe point of the Elcocheonof thefe- cond, armed, jefled, and belled, Or,by the Name of Week, and is quar- tered by Coplefton of Egford. This Coat ftandeth in Staverton Church in the County of T>evon : and it may reprefent fome bearer who was ready and ferviceable for high affairs , though he lived at reft , and not imployed. He beareth Or, on a Canton, Azure,a Falcon volant, with jelfes and bells of thefirft, by the Name ofThurftone.This Fowl hath her tallons or pounces inwardly crook- ed like a hook, and is called in Latin Falco (iz\x\\Calepine~)non quod falcatis unguibus, fed quod roftro & talis tota falcatajit ad rapinam ; becaufe it hath both tallons, beak, and all made hooked for to prey. Upton calleth her Alietut, faying, AlietusQut dicit GloffiifuperDeuterou. 14.} idem eft q«od Falco. This bird (according to the fame Au- thor) is very bold and hardy , and of great ftomack ; for die encountreth and grapleth with Fowls much greater than herfelf,invading and affailing them with her breft and feet. Others (faith he) affirm that Alietus « a little Fowl that freyet h upon Jmall Biras : of whom it is faid, Obtinet exiguas- Alietus corpore vires ; Sunt S) aves minima frada cibufque [urn : The Aliet is a Bird of little power ; And little Birds are all he eats and doth de~ (your. This bird (according to ZJpton~) doth (hew that he that firft took upon him the bearing thereof, was fuch an one as did ea- gerly purfue, vex, and moleft poor and filly Creatures. He Chap. XX. A Difplay of Heraldry. 167 He beareth Argent, a Fefs, Gules., between three Falcons volant, Azure, beaked, jelled , and belled, Or, by the Name of Georges; and is the Coat-Armour of "John Georges of Ci- cefler , alias Cirencefter in GlocefterJIjire , Efq; where he reiided,till for- ced thence in the late unhappy Troubles unto his Mannor-houfe of Bawton, alias Ban: ding- ton, within a mile of the faid Cicefier, where he hath relided ever lince : of which faid Man- norhimfelf and Anceftors have been Lords by lineal defcent ever fince the third of King Ed- ward the Second , by marriage then had be- tween WtUiam Georges,znd Katharine daugh- ter and co-heir of Robert de Tenington , and have been a Family of good repute in the faid County. This worthy Gentleman hath al- ways been loyal to his Sovereign, ferving as a Burgefs of Cicefier (his birth-place} in all law- ful Parliaments fince the beginning of the reign of King Charles the Firft,unto this prefent year 1675:. He is one of the ancienteft Juftices of the Peace and Quorum of the faid County; and at prefent one of the moll ancient Benchers of the honourable Society of the Middle-Temple, London. He beareth per Fefs, Azure and Argent, in Chief two Falcons vo- lant, Or, by the Name of Stephens ; and is the Coat of Thomas Ste- pheusfifq; the only Son and Heir of Sir Thomas Stephens of Little Sad- bury in GlocefterJIjire, Kt. yet living, by Ka- therine, one of the Daughters and Coheirs of William Combes of Stratford upon Avon in Warwicljbire. His Great-grand-father was Thomas Stephens, an eminent Lawyer, Attor- ney General to Prince Henry, and after his de- ceafe to Charles the Firft (whilft Prince of Wales ) in which fervice he died. His Grand- father was Edward, who married the eldeft Sifter of the Right Honourable John Lord Crew ; and the faid Thomas is now married to Anne Neale of Dearie in Bedford- fljire. "f He beareth Azure, a [Chevcron between 3 ii'alcons, Argent, by the Name of L'hillips, and is the Coat-Armour of Ambrofe 'Phillips of the Inner Temple, London, Efq. He beareth Or, on a Bend, Azure , three Fal- cons mounting, Argent, jelfes and bells of the firft , by the Name of Degge ; and with a Crefcent, is thus born by Symon Degg of Cat- low-mil laStaffordflnre, and of Derby in the County of Derby, Efq; fecond Son of Sir Symon Degge, Kt. He beareth Sable, a FalconpreyingOr,ftand- ing with his wings ex- panded on a Duck, Ar- gent, on a Chief, Or, a Crofs botonee, Gules, by the Name of Mad- den ; and was born by Thomas Madden of the Inner Temple , London, Efq; defcended of the Family of the Maddens of Maddenton in Wiltjhire, who are now feat- edatRomby-Caffle in the County of Ferma- nagh in the Province otUlfter in Ireland. Majefty King Charles the Second He beareth Gules , three Sparrow-hawks , Argent, jelfed and bel- 'ed, Or, by the Name of Atterton. He beareth Argent, on a Fefs, Gules , three Falcons heads erafed of the firft, by the Name of Baker; and is the Coat-Armour of Sir John Baker of Wells in Somer[etHnre, and of St. 'Paul's Covent Garden in Middlesex, Kt. Phy- fician in Ordinary to his The- i68 A Diftlay of Heraldry. Sett. 111. The Field is Sable, a Cheveron betweenthree Owls, Argent. This was the Coat- Armour of Sir John Trefrot, Kt. The Owl in Armory fignifieth prudence, vi- gilancy , and watchful- nefsbyn'ght; it is Mi- nerva's bird, and was born by the ancient Athenians for their Armo- rial Enfign, as I have before fhewed. Sable, a Fefs embat- telcd between 5 Owls , Argent,andis the Coat- Armour of Sir Fraxis Theobald of Barkih- hall in the Pariih of Barking in Suffolk , Kt. a great'lover oflearning and Fautor of learned men; infomuch that Dr. Caflle , in his 'Polyglot Lexicon, makes this mention of him, That he is Harum Linguarum Callentijfimus. He beareth Gules , a Cheveron engrailed be- tween three Owls, Ar- gent, by the Name of Hewitt ; and is born by Sir George Hewitt of TiJIjoinry in Hartford- Pure, Baronet. Ermyn, on a quarter, an Owl, by the Name of Fowler; and is born by Walter Fowler of St. Thomas in Staffordshire, Efq. He beareth Or, a Ra- ven proper,by the name of Corbet. This with the Arms of ZJlPler, is the Paternal Coat-Ar- mour of Sir John Corbet of Stoke upon Tean, and Adderley in Shropshire, Baronet ; as alfo of Sir Vincent Corbet alMoar- tou-Corbet in the faid County , Baronet. This is good and ancient Armory, as we (hewed be- fore in the Efcocheon of the Ravens three leggs. It hath been an ancient received opini- on, and the fame alfo grounded upon the war- rant of the facred Scriptures (if I miftake not) that fuch is the property of the Raven , that from the time his young ones are hatched or difclofed, until he feeth what colour they will be of, he never taketh care of them , nor mi- niftreth any food unto them ; therefore it is thought that they are in the mean fpace nou- rished with the heavenly dew. And fo much alfo doth the Kingly Prophet David affirm, Which giveth fodder unto the cattle, andfeed- eth the young Ravens that call upon himfPfa/. 147. 9. The Raven is of colour black, and is called in Latin Corvus, or Corax, and (accord- ing to Alexander ) hath but one kind of cry or found, which is Cras, Cras. When he per- ceiveth his young ones to be pen-feathered and black like himfelf, then doth he labour by all means to fofter and chcriih them from thence- forward. This bird ( after his manner ) is clamorous, fraudulent , filching things away by ftealth , and hiding them fecretly : Furthermore Alex- ander faith, That Ravens do fometimes skir- mifl] amongft themfelves with much eagernefi , and do affail each other with their armors, viz. with jobbing with their bills, jcratchitigwith their tallons, and beating with their wings : in which conflict if the Hen do chance to have the better of the Cock, jhc ever after holdeth him in Jubjetlion. But howfoever they do cope together in their encounter, certain it is that the Victor ever after carrieth a hand over the conquered. He beareth Gules, a Pellican in her neft,witb. wings difplaied, feeding of her young ones, Or, vulned, proper , by the Name of Came ; and is born by Thomas Came of Najh , and John Came of Wenny , both in Glamorganfljire, Efq; The Egyptian Priefts (as Fame fins notethj ufed the Pellican for a Hieroglyphick,to exprefs the four duties of a Father towards his Chil- dren : whereof the firft is generation ; the fe- cond is his office of education ; the third of training up , or inftru&ion of learning ; the fourth and laft, this duty of informing the eyes of his Children with the example of his ver- tuous and honeft life : for in the institution of civil behaviour , the eyes are more eafily in- formed for the apprehenfionof inftru£tion,than the ear. This bird was alfo born Topaz, in a Field Saphire, by that fapient and great Peer of his time, Richard Fox Bifliop oiWinchefter, Lord Privy Seal, and Counfellor to two great Kings , Henry the Seventh , and Henry the Eighth ; which noble Prelates memory fhall be eternally bleffed,for being the caufe of the moft happy marrying of the Lady Margaretfdaugh- ter Chap. XX. A Difylay of Heraldry. 169 ter of Henry the Seventh)to James the Fourth King of Scotland ; by whofe glorious Iffue Great Br it any now enjoyeth the height of Glory and Happinefs. The faid Biihop was the magnificent Founder of Corf m Chrifti Col- ledge in Oxford, which alfo beareth the fame Coat-Armour. He beareth Azure, a Chev-eron Ermyn be- tween three Pellicans, Argent, vulning them- felves , proper , by the Name of Callum ; and is the Coat of Sir Thomas Cnttim of Hawflead- Tlace in Suffolk, Bar. He beareth Azure, three Pellicans, Argent, vulning themfelves,pro- per, by the Name of relham ; and is the Coat- Armour of Sir Wtlluam Telham of Braklesby in Lincoln- Jljire , Kt. Son of Sir Willi am Telham of the faid place, Kt. whofe Fa- ther Sir William Telham or the place aforefaid, Kt. who was defcended from the ancient Fami- ly of the Telhams of Laughton in Suffex, was a perfon in great eminence in the time of Qu. Elizabeth, being by her Majefty intrutted in thefe great Employs ; viz. he was Lord Chief Jultice of Ireland; he was in Anno 1 586. fent Lord Mar lhall of the Englifh For- ces that went into the Low Countrie ; he was alfo Mailer of her Ordnance, and one of her Honourable Privy Council ; and was an aclive Commiffioner 1 f S8. and in the following year in Scotland. This Sir William married the Daughter of Nevill Earl of WeBmoreland ; his Son the Daughter of the Lord WilLoughby of Tarham ; and the Grand-child the Daugh- ter of the Lord Vifcount Conway. Hitherto of Fowls of prey, leaving other particulars to each mans obfervation : Now j of thofe which are predable , whereof fome j are favage, fome domellical. The favage I call thofe that are not fubjedt to mans govern- ment, but do naturally Ihun their fociety, and : ufually are commorant in Woods, ForeftsJ Heaths, fkc. and are fubjedt to prey and ty- rannical oppreffion, as thefe which enfue. | He beareth Azure , three Buftards rifing,Or, by the name of Nevill. Thefe cannot be pro- perly faid to be volant, albeit they may feem to be flying , but are more aptly laid, accord- ing to the Opinion of fome blazoners to be volentes volare; as much as to fay,as preparing themfelves to make their flight. It is an ob- fervation of Tliny , that all Fowls having long fhanks, do (in their fi ght]) ftretch forth their leggs at length to their tails ; but fuch as are fhort legged do trufs their feet to the midft of their bodies. He beareth Azure, a Bend, Or, on a Chief, Argent, two Choughs proper, by the Name of Vyner. This with the Arms of ZJlfler, is the Coat- Armour of Sir Ro- bert Vyner of the City of London, Knight, Ba- ronet, and Lord Maior thereof Anno s6j$. a great encourager of in- genious and commendable Undertakings. He beareth Argent, a Fefs, Gules, between fix Cornifh Choughs , proper, by the Name of Onflow ; and is the Coat- Armour of Arthur On- flow of Clandon in Sur- rey, Efq; defcendtd of the ancient Family of the Onflows of Onflow-hall in Shrofflure. He beareth Or, three Swallows clofe, proper, by the Name of Wat- ton. This bird is the moll welcome karben- ger, llitwing the ap- proach of the plea- fing Spring; being there- in like feigned and tem- porizing Friends, who in the fpnng of Honours, and fummer of Abun- dance, will gladly converfe with thofe, whom in the winter of Adverfity they will forfake, and fcarce acknowledge they ever faw them before. Such an one was that proud Cardinal who upon his new dignity, not vou'ehfafeig to look on his familial" friends, one of them came to him (while all others did congratulate his felicity) to deplore his mifery; who wonder- ing thereat, and asking the caufe of fuch his A a forrow, 1 >\ i 170 A Difflay of Heraldry. Seft. lii Wow, Becaufe Cquoth he) fince that red hat came on your head, yon have quite toft your eye-fight, and cannot difcern your friends as you ivere wont. He beareth Argent, a Barr between three Swallows volant , pro- per, a Chief, Gules, by the Name of Swallow. The SwaIlow(hith Up- ton) hath a (mall bill and comely fiape, of a [eemly black , white on the belly, and red about the throat, having little fleflj, but "'ff ft*®* with feathers and large wings, and therefore u fw ft of 'flight. Mans induftry will hardly fuffice to perform that, which this little bird doth fafliion out in clay, in making her Neft. The bearing of the Swallow fitteth well a man that is indutlrious, prompt, and ready in the difpatch of his bufinefs. Azure, on a Chief, Or, three Martlets, Gules , by the Name of Wray. This is the Coat-Ar- mour of Sir Theophilm Wray of Gleutworth in Lincoln/hire , Baronet. As alfo of Sir Chrtftopher Wray of Ajhby in the faid County, Baronet. Argent, on a Chief. Azure, three Martlets of the Field, is the Coat of Sir John Frederick of the City of London, Knight and Alder- man. He beareth Argent, a Cheveron between 3 Martlets, Sable, by the Name of Wymondejold; and is born by Wi lliam Wymondejold of South- well in the County of Nottingham , Efq; one of the Society of Lin- coins Inn. He beareth Argent, on aFefs,Azure,between two Martlets, Sable, 3 Flowers de lis,Or,by the Name of Hnftler ; and is the Coat-Armour of Sir William Huftler of Acklam in Cleaveland in the County of Tork, Kt. He beareth Argent, a Cheveron, Sable, on a Chief of the fecond, 3 Martlets of the firft, by the Name of Wild; and is the Coat of Sir Wil- liam Wild Knight and Baronet, one of his Ma- jeflies juftices of the Common 'Tleas. He beareth Pearl , on a Cheveron, Saphire, between three Martlets, Diamond,asmany Cref- cents, Topaz. This is the Paternal Coat-Ar- mour of the Right Ho- nourable Edward Wat- fon, Baron Rockingham of Rockingham Caflle in JSlorthamponJhire ; a great fufferer for his Majefty (as was his Lordfhips Father) in the late unhappy wars : Son of Lewis Lord Rock- ingham, by the Lady Ehanor, Sifter to John Earl of Rutland now living. He beareth Gules, a Cheveron embatteled, Ermyn, between three Martlets, Or, by the Name of Wythens ; and is the Coat- Armour of Francis Wythens of El- tham in iLent, Efq; one of the Society of the MiddleTemple, London, defcended of the ancient Family of the Wythens, whofe Anceftors have been there feated for fe- veral Generations. He beareth Argent, a crofs Patonce between four Martlets, Sable, a Canton Ermynois, by Name of Stringer ; and is the Coat-Armour of Thomas Stringer of Bexwells in the Coun- ty of Effexfifq; H« Chap.XX. A Difplayof Heraldry. He beareth /fr Fefs, Gules and Argent , fix Martlets counterchang- ed , by the Name of Fenwick ; and with the Arms of Vlfier, is the Coat-Armour of Sir \^ "&Sfc_ y° lm Fenwick of Wal- lingt on in Northumber- land, Baronet,one of the Captains of the Royal Regiment in France under the Command of his Grace "James Duke of Monmouth, &c. He beareth Or, an Efcocheon within Orle of Martlets,Sable,by the Name of Browulow ; & is born by Sir John Brownlow of Belton near Grantham in Lin' colnjlwe, Baronet. He beareth Argent, a Bend engrailed be- wixt fix Martlets, Sable, by the Name of Tem- pefl. This with the Arms of Vlfier , is the bearing of Sir Tho- mas Tempefioi Stella in the Biihoprick of Dur- ham,hzronet; a delight- ful feat, pleafantly fci- tuate on the South fide of the River 757/,?. He beareth Azure, a Bend, Argent, cotized, Or, betweet 6 Martlets of the fame. This Coat- Armour pertaineth to the ancient Family tide Labere, whereof Ri- chard de Labere of Sowtham,m the County ofGloceffer, E(q ; is li- neally defended. The Martlet, or Martinet (frnhBeienhawb^hath /eggs exceeding Short, that they can by no means go : and thereupon it jeemeth the Grecians do call them Apodes.qua- f. fine pedibus; not became they do want feet, but becau e they have not fuch ufe of their feet as other birds h we. And ,f perchance they fall upon the ground, they cannot raite them, f elves upon their feet as others do , and [0 pre- pare them/elves to flight. For this caufe they areaccuftorned to make their Nefls upon Rocks and other high places , from whence they may eaftly take their flight, by means of the fupport of the Air. Hereupon it came, that this Bird is painted in Arms without feet : and for this caufe it is aljo given for a difference of younger Brethren , to put them in mind to truft to their wings of vertue and merit, to raife themfelves, and not to their leggs, having little Land to put their foot oru He beareth Or, on a Bend, Gules, cotized , Azure , between fix Martlets of the fecond, three wings, Argent, by the Name of Walden; and is the Paternal Coat- Armour of Sir Lionel Walden of Huntington in Huntingtonfhire, Kt. lineally defcended, from Robert Walden, iecond brother of Sir Richard Walden Kt. Lord of E* nth in Kent, tempore Hen. 8. which faid Sir Richard's Daughter and Co-heir Elizabeth,. was married to George Talbot , fourth Earl of Shrewfbury of that Family ; by whom he had Ilfue Anne (fole Heir of her Mother) who mar- ried Teter Compton Efq; by whom he had IiTue Heniy Lord Compton, Anccftor to the prefent Earl of Northampton. The aforefaid Sir Lio- nel , by Elizabeth Daughter and Co-heir of Mr. Charles Balam in Cambridgeshire, hatJl Illbe Lionel, Mary, and Catharina. He beareth Sable, ori a Cheveron between 10 Martlets, Argent , five Plates, by the Name of Bard; and is the Coat- Armour of Maximili- an Bard of Caver sf eld in Bucks, Efq; defcended from an ancient Family of that Name of North- Kelfey in Lincolnfiire. He beareth party per Pale Sable and Azure, a Saltire, Argent, charg- ed with five Cocks, Sa- ble, between" j Towers 01'Caftles flaming, and two Spears Saltire-wife in bafe,Or,by the Name afjohnfoti; and is born by Nathaniel Johnfons n- Jpatiofb , illic reptilia ftunt, &c. In the grea't and wide fea there are things creeping'innumerable,both fmall and great : which are therefore faid to be Reptilia, as Chaffenus n.ottxh,Quia omnia qua natant reptandi habent vel jpeciem , velnatu- ram : becaufe things when they fwim feem to creep along in the water. Fifties, albeit they have not breath ( as we may fay in a comparative fort) fo ftrong and fenfible as four-footed Animals have, becaufe they want Lungs or Lights, as Ariftotle hath 1 taught, yet it behooveth they fhould have both attraction and refpiration of breath in fome fafliion, which we call in Latin Infpiratio , which is a drawing in of breath , and Refpi- ratio, which is a venting out of the breath at- tracted, as both Tlato and Galen do teach , who do affirm that fifties do receive and deliver their breath by their galls ; For no longer is any Animal faid to have life , than he hath at- traction and remiflion of breath. Whereas Mofes maketh mention Gen. z. 19, 20. That God caufed all the beafts of the field, and the fowls of heaven to come unto Adam, that he might fee how he would name them : there is no mention of the coming of fifties un- to him, neither that he gave names to them. The reafon is, for that fuch is the nature of fifhes,as that they cannot live long out of their proper Element, which is the water. Befides fifties do ferve men for no other ufe , but for food, and fome forts of them for medicine ; whereof it cometh, that we have not fo many names of fifties mentioned in the Scriptures, as of other Animals. For thefe Reafons fifties were not produced before Adam,that he might give them Names anfwerable to their Natures : Neverthelefs God gave him dominion over them, as well as over the reft, when he faid 'Dominamini pifcibus maris, iSc. Hereof it cometh,that man hath lefs familia- rity and acquaintance with fillies than w : ith many other animals ; as Horfes, Doggs, fmall Birds of many kinds, which we daily ufe, ei- ther to ferve our necejfities, or for our de- lights. Fifties are born after a divers manner, viz. directly upright, imbowed , extended, endor- fed, reflecting each other , furmounring one another, fretted, and trianguled.Scc. AUfiJhes (faith Leigh") that are born feeding, Jljall be termed in blazon devouring , becaufe they do [wallow all whole without maflication or chewing : and you muft tell whereon they feed. All fifties raifed directly upright , and having fins, fliall be termed in blazon Hauriant , ab hauriendo, fignifying to draw or fuck ; becaufe fifties do oftentimes put their heads in fuch fort above the waters, to refrefti themfelves with the cool and temperate airjbut especially when Chap. XXI I. A Difplay of Heraldry: 75 the waters do fo rage and boyl in the depth of the feas againft fome tempeftuous ftorm, that they cannot endure the unwonted heat there- of. All fifties being born tranfverfe, theElco- cheon muft in blazon be termed Naiant, of the word Nato, to fwim ; for in fuch manner do they bear themfelves in the waters when they fwim. Concerning both the variety and the innu- merable multitude of fifties, Tlnty is of a pret- ty fantaftical conceit, affirming that the feeds and univerfal elements of the world are fo fundry ways commixed one with another,part- ly by the blowing of the winds, and partly by the rowling and agitation of the fea , that it may be truly faid, according to the vulgar opi- nion, That whatjoever it iiigendred or bred in any fart of the world be/ides, the jametstobe found in the Jea ; bcfides many things more in it, which no where elfe are to be feen. A fiftl (if you will believe lamefius) is called pifcts afafcendo , Quia ad rem mdlam nifi ad piflum natus eft;he is bred only to cat,and to be eaten. Of fiflies,fome have hard and crufty coverings; others have a fofter outfide : and thole latter arealfoof two forts, fome having only skin, and others fcales. Scaled fifties by their fins are both adorned & greatly aflifted alfo in their fwiming : but Congers, Eels, Lampreys, and fuch like, may feem (_ in refpedt of the fmal- nefs of their fins) to have received them of na- ture, rather for ornament than for ufe in fwim- ing, efpecially becaufe they lye mod in the bottom of the waters, and therefore lefs need their fins. Of thefe feveral kinds I will briefly give fome few Examples, wherein I rather purpofe to lay open their divers forms of bearing in Coat- Armour, than meddle with their unhmi- table particular kinds : as in Example. He beareth Argent , three Eels Naiant in Pale barr-ways, Sable , by the Name of Ellis. Of this fort are all Lam- preys, Congers, and o- thers of like kind , whereof fome are born Naiant after this man- ner,and other Hauria/it. This fort, of all others, doth mod nearly re- femlle in their motions fuch Reptiles, as ha- ving no feet , do with a kind of volublenefs make their way in the waters with many intri- cate doublings. To thefe may be added Plai- ces, Soles, Hounders , and whatfoever other fifti , whole covering eonfifteth meerly of skin , and have not the defensible furniture of fcales, fuch as next enfue; as in Exam- pki He beareth Argent, a Cheveron, Gules, be- tween three Soles-nflies hauriant, proper, w ithin a bordure engrailed, Sa- ble. This Coat pertain- ed to the Family of Soles of Brabanne in the County of Cam- bridge. Thefe arms are agreeable to the Bearers name, which happen very often in armory ; for divers men taking their Names from beafts, birds, fowls, or fifties, do bear Coat-Armours femblant thereunto. This fifti is known unto the La^nifts by three names, Solea, d fimUittidine Sule', akindofflioe open with latchets on the inftep ; Lingulaca , quod formam lingua refer at : The French call this fifti, Vne (ole. The delicatenefs of it in tafte hath gained it the name of the Tartridge of the Jea. He beareth Azure, a Dolphin naiant , im- bowcd, Argent, by the Name of Fitz-James. The Dolphin is a fifti of fo great ftrength and fwittnefs, that when the fifties, which he follow- eth for his prey, fly to the rocks or fliore for fiielter,in the fiercenefs of his purfuit he fome- times daflieth himfelf dead againft the rock , and fometimes runs himfelf on fliore. Such many times is the fuccefs of over-heady and outragious men, who feeking furioufly the hurt ot others, feel the lfnart themfelves in their own overthrow. Sable, a Dolphin nai- ant devouring a fifti^ proper. The Field is Jupiter; a Dolphin hauriant, Sol. This Coat is evermore born quarterly with the three Flowers de lis,Sol; in a Field, Jupiter , by the King's eldeft Son, who beareth the Title of the Tiaufhin of France; and is thereby- known A Diftlay of Heraldry. Sty known to be heir apparent to the Crown ot that Kingdom. The Naturalifts write, That the Jlje Dolphin hath Duegs abounding with Milk, wherewith jhe giveth her young ones fuck; and that fie it (as in that refpecT) like to women, fo allow her affecliou of love; tn- fomnch that Dolphins have fallen Jo exceeding- ly m love with fair souths, as that they became mofl familiar with them ; and afterward wanting their company, have died for grtej. They are reported alfo to be great lovers of Mufick. He beareth Or, three Dolphins hauriant, A- zure. This is the Pa- ternal Coat-Armour of Mr. 'Peter Vandeput of London , Merchant , whole Grand-father Mr. Giles Vandeput , came out of the Province of Brabant, and here feat- ed himfelf; where the Family hath ever fince continued eminent Merchants Azure , a Bend be- tween two Dolphins, Or , by the Name of Frankland. This with the Arms of DlSler , is the Coat-Armour of Sir William Frankland of Thirkleby in Fork- Jhire, Baronet. He beareth Argent, on a Bend, Azure,three Dolphins of the Field. This with the Arms of ZJIfler, is the Coat of Sir Richard Franklyn of the More in Hart- fordjhire , Knight and Baronet. He beareth Gules , Cruifuly, Or, three Lu- cies or Pikes hauriant, Argent,by the Name of Lucy ; and is born by Sir Kingfmill Lucy of Facombe in Flantfliire , Baronet. He beareth Azure , three Dolphins naiant, extended in Pale, barry, Or. This is a Venetian Coat-Armour , and is born by the Name of Dolphin. Thefe Dol- phins here are in their natural form of fwim- ing , wherein they ufe to marfhal their great Troops in admiring or- der: for in the vantgard fwim all their young ones , in the middle all the Females , in the rereward all the Males ; like good Husbands , looking both to the orderly demeanour of their Wives and Children, and alfo having them ftill in their eye, to defend them from danger. The Field is Cu'.es, a Cheveron, Ermyn- , be- tween three Dolphins naiant , imbowed , Ar- gent. This was the Pa- ternal Coat-Armour of Samuel Bleverhajfet of Lowdham in the Coun- ty of Suffolk, Efqj The Dolphin is faid to be a fifhof fuch exceeding great fwiftnefs, as that oftentimes he out-flrippeth a fliip under Sail, in her greateft ruff and merrieft wind, in fwift- nefs of courfe. In this fifh is propofed unto us an Example of charity and kind affccTion to- wards our Children, asTlinyin his Defcripti- on of the nature of this fifh fhewcth, lib.y.c.%. and Mlianus, lib. y. cap. 18. as alfo of his fin- gular love towards man , whereof JElianm produceth ftrange Examples. To this Head muff be referred all other fifhes of hard fcale , as the Sturgeon, &c. Other fcale -fillies there are, but of a more foft and tender fort ; fuch as thefe which enfue. He beareth Sable , three Salmons hauriant, Argent , by the Name of Salmon. If Apicius ( whole tongue was a touchftone to try the excellency of all diilies} were to give his fen- tence in the Senate- houfe of Gluttons, it is thought he would preferrthe Salmon before all other fifhes , though the old Romans made chief reckoning of Acipenfer, a fifh of an un- natural making and quality ; for his fcales turn all towards the head, and he ever fwimeth a- gainft the ftream. Thefe three Salmons here were very fair bearing in a great Charger, Ar- gent. Fifties are born hauriant, both reflect- ing each other, and alfo endorfed, as in thefe next Examples. He Chap.XXUI. A Difylay of Heraldry. '77 He beareth Azure , two Barbels hauriant, reflecting each other, Argent. A like Coat to this (but different in colours) is born by the Family of Culfiou of E(fex. This fifb even in his name bewrayeth his, lhape , which gave occafion thereof, by reafon of the fmall and tender films that grow about his mouth , re- fembling after a fort the form of a Beard , whereupon he receiveth the Name of a Bar- bel. He beareth Gules , two Pikes hauriant, en- dorfed, Or. This Coat is quartered by the high andmighty Prince, the now Duke of Witten- berg, for his fourthCoat, andare the Arms of the Dominion of Thiert , within the Territories of the faid Duke. Sometimes you fhall find fillies born fret-ways , that is to fay, fretted or interlaced one over another , as in this next Example. He beareth Azure , three Troirts fretted in tnangle,7>/?£ <*/iZ queue, Argent , by the Name of Trvwtebeci. We ufe thefe words Tefle a La queue in blazon, to fig- nifie the manner of their fretting. The Heir of this Family was in the time of Henry the Eighth married to John 'Talbot of Albrighton, from whom thcTalLti of Grafton now living, are lineally defcended, and do quarter this Coat, v jS He beareth. Or, three Chalbots hauriant , Gules. This did belong to that worthy Earl Thilif Chalbot, Earl of Ncwhldtich , and great Admiral of France , whom King Henry the Eighth vouchfafed to make Knight,and Com- panion of the moft noble Order of the Garter. A Chalbot fifh feemeth to have the lhape of a Gournard, for fo doth Bara defcribe him. CHAP. XXIII. T HE hardineis of fcaly filh ( whereof we have before fpoken) is not conti- nuatc, but plated fitting for motion : but there is another fort of hard covering, which is continuate ; Of which fort fome are crufted, other fome are (helled, as Examples fhall mew. He beareth Argent, a Cheveron , Sable , be- tween three Crevices upright, Gules. I term thefe upright , becaufe they wanting fins, can- not without breach of the Rule formerly gi- ven, be properly faid to be hauriant. He beareth Gules, on a Bend, Or , a Lobfter , Sable. Gongulo Argote de Molina, in his Book entituled Nobleza de Anialviza, noteth this for the Coat-Armour of Grill i. It is noted by certain Naturalifls, that the Lobller is fubtle in acquiring his food, for he watcheth the Efcal- lop, Oilier, and other like fillies that are fen- ced by Nature with a ftronger and more de- fenfible Coat than himfelf , to become a prey unto him, by obferving when they do open their (hell, either to receive food or air, and in the mean time with his claws he taketh a (lone, and cafteth it between the fhels of the Oyfter, fo as fhe can neither fave her felf , nor annoy her foe ; ufmg his wit for a fupply of his flrengths defect, accord, ng to the old Proverb, Where the Lions skin is ^o Jcatit, it mu(i be pieced out with a Fox cafe. He beareth Argent, a LoWter's Claw in Bend finifter , Saltire-like , furmounted of another dexter-ways, Gules, by the Nam;; of Tregar- thick. Thofe other fillies, which are faid to be (helled , and are na- turally inclof-d in (bong and thick walls, do dilate and open their (hells at certain feafons , either to receive the benefit of the air, or of food ; and again contrail them ( at their pleafure ) and fo defend then- felves from all harm and violence. Of thefe, the (hells are of moft frequent ufe in Arms, and B b are : 7 8 A Difalay of Heraldry. SedUH. are diverfly born, as well with Ordinaries be- tween them, as charged upon Ordinaries, as by Example in the next Efcocheonsin part fliall appear. He beareth barry wavy of fix , Or and Gules , three Prawns naiant in the firft and of the fecond,by the Name of Sea, alias Atfea , of Heme in Kent. He beareth Argent, a Cheveron engrailed , Sable , between three Sea-crabs, Gules, by the Name of Bridger. It is an obfervation a- mongft Fiihermen, that when the Moon is in her decrement or wane ( as we commonly call it ) thefc fort of fillies have little or no fubftance at all in them, which moveth them to forbear to filli for them in that feafon, in regard that the Moon is the natural and fecondarry caufe, that the Crabs of the Sea are either full and plum, or elfe fliear and (after a fort) empty. The claws of the forefeet of this fort of filli are called forcipata brachia Cancrorum, of for- ceps, which fignilieth a pair of Tongs or Pin- cers, or fucli like, alluding to their quality , which is to pinch and hold fall whatfocver they do feize upon. He beareth Argent, an Efcallop-fhell, Gules, by the Name of Tre- late. This Coatftand- eth in the Abbey Church of Cirencefter within the County of Glocefter , and feemeth to have been of long continuance there. The Efcallop (according to 'Diofcorides^j is in- gendre.d of the Dew and Air , and hath no blood at all in it felf ; notwithft anding in mans body ( of any other food ) it turneth fooneft into blood. The eating of this fifli raw is faid to cure a furfeit. He beareth Azure, three Efcallop-fhells,Or. This is the Coat-Ar- mour of Sir John Mal- let of Andres in Wefl- Qu/mtox-beadxn Somer- Jeljbire, S.t. And this Coat was born by Hen- ry Lord Mallet , who came into England with William the Conqueror. He beareth Ermyn , on a Fefs, Gules, three Efcallop-ftiells, Or , by the Name of Ingram ; "and is the Coat- Armour of Sir Arthur Ingram of the City of London, K.t. Azure, three Efcallops, Or, between two Flan- ches , Ermyn , by the Name of Clarke ; and is the Coat of Sir Gilbert Clarke of Somerjall in Derbyjhre, Kt. He beareth Or, on a Chief, Sable , three E- fcallop-fhells of the firft, by the Name of Gra- ham; and is the Coat of Sir Richard Gra- ham of Netherby in Cumberland , Baronet, dcfcended from the fe- cond fon of the Earl of Mcr.teixh in Scotland ; who about the time of Kins Henr'i the Fourth, married the Lady Anne Vere, daughter to the Earl of Oxford; which faid Sir Richard is now married to the Lady Anne , fecond daugh- ter to the Right Honourable Charles Earl of Carlisle. He \ Chap.XXIH. A Difplay of Heraldry. 79 He beareth. Gules , onaCheveron, Argent, three Efcallop-fliells of the firft, by the Name of Harding; and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Sir Robert Harding of Kings-Newton in the Parifh of Melborne in Derbyfhire,lit. a Perfon for his Loyalty to his Prince K. Charles the I. and Second, hath been a great Sufferer in the late unhappy times ; for which good Services his Majefty conferred the faid honour of Knighthood on him- Or, a Fefs between three Efcallop-fliells , Gules; and is the Coat of Henry Arthington of Arthington in the Weft- Riding of Tork/ljire, Efq. He beareth Gules, a Fefs dauncette, Or, be- tween three Efcallop- fliells,Ermyn; and is the Coat of Franca 'Dine of Bromham in Bedford- fiire, Efq; fon and heir of Sir Lewis Dine of the faid place, Kt. whofe Family have been there feated for feveral Gene- rations , and were de- fended from the ancient Family of the T)iue s who were formerly feated at Wyke , Brampton, Holwell, Harlefton, and Quinton in Northamp- tonJJjire. He beareth Sable, fix EfcaMop- iliels,Or, three, two , and one , by the Name of Efcott of Corn- wall. Here I think it fit to note out of the number and pofition of the Charge of this Coat- Armour two things : the one concerning the number, which you fee is fix , which fome Ar- morifts hold to be the beft of even and articu- late numbers that can be born in one Efcochc- on ; their reafon is, bccaufe none other even number under ten can decreafe in every rank one tc the bafe point of the Efcocheon , and produce an odd one in the fame point. Next touching this manner of the pofition of this- number ; which fuiteth moft aptly with the fi- gure of a triangular Efcocheon, as irt the Ele- tnents of Armories, pag. 1 8 1 . isobfervcd. He beareth Pearl , a Lion rampant, Ruby,on a Chief, Diamond, three Efcallop-lhelis of the frit. This is the Pater- mi Coat of the Right Noble and Worthy Fa- mily of the Ruffels,Eai-h of Bedford. The pre- fent enjoyer of the faid Dignity being the Right Honourable William Earl of Bedford , Baron Rujfel of Taveffock and Thornhangh , Knight of the moft Noble Order of the Garter, &c. Such is the beauti- ful ihape that Nature hath bellowed upon this fliell, as that the Collar of the Order of St. Michael in France , in the firft Inftitution thereof, was richly garrlifljed with certain pie* cesof Gold artificially wrought, as near as the Artificer could by imitation exprefs the ftamo of Nature. Which Inftitution doubtlefs was grounded upon great reafon, tofliew the ftedfaft amity and conftant fidelity, that ought to be between brethren and companions at one fociety and brotherhood : For take one of thefe fifties, and divide the fticlli, and endeavour, to fort them with (I will not fay hundreds) but millions of other fliells of fifhesof the fame kind , and you fhall never match them throughout: therefore do they refemble the indilloluble friendihipthat ought to be in Fraternities and Societies, becaufc there can be according to Cicero, Offic. i. Nulla firma Amiatiamfi in* ter aquales. The consideration whereof (if I be not deceived ) moved the firft Founders of this Order to fort them in the collar of this order by couples, for that all others do difa- gree with them , Secundum magis vel mintu , and none do concurr together with them in aU points, but only thofe that nature hath con- formed, and made agreeable to each other in all points. The Field is Argent on a Fefs, Azure , three Efcallop-fliells of the firft, a Bordure engrail- ed as the fecond , in Chief a Crefcent.Gules, for a difference of a fe- cond brother. This was theCoat-Armour of that worthyGentleman John Fenne , one of the Captains of the City of London. I read in a French Manufcript re- maining in the Office of Arms, to this effceft, That the bearing of the Efcallop in Arms figni- B b 2 heth :8o A Difflay of Heraldry. Seft. Hi. fieth the firft bearer of fuch Arms to have been a Commander, who by his vermes and valour had fo sained the hearts and loves of his Soul- diers and Companions in Arms, that they de- fired much to follow him , even into dangers mouth; and that he in reciprocation of their loves,had ventured to faenfice hnnfelf for their fafeguards. He beareth Argent, ten Efcallops,four,three, two, and one, Sable, on a Canton, Gules, a Mul- let pierced, Or, by the Name of Kingfcot. I do here blazon the Charge to be ten Efcal- lops, although there be but eight to be difcern- ed ; for fuch was the Coat before the addition of the fuperjacent Canton ; which as it is in- tended, cloth overftiadow thofe other two that are not feen. He beareth Argent, a Heron volant , in Fefs, Azure , membred , Or, between threeEfcallops, Sable , by the Name of Herondon. Here alfo you fee one gefture of a Fowl volant, in the carriage of his leggs , which was not before exemplified, Tliuy faith, That all Fowls that jlalk with long Jbanks , as they file they do ({retch out their leggs in length to their tails ; but Inch as arejljort legged , do draw them nf to the midjl of their bellies. He beareth Sable, a Fefs engrailed between three Welks, Or, by the name of Shelley. Who fo fhall advifedly view the infinite variety of Natures workmanfhip , manifeft even in the ve- ry ftiels of fiflies ; fliall doubtlefs find juft caufe toglorifie God, and admire his Omnipotency and Wifdome,ftiewed in thefe things of mean- eft reckoning. To this head muft be reduced all other ftieil-fifties, of what kind foever, that are inclofed with hard (hells. CHAP. XXIV. WE have long infifted in the bearings of Animals or living Creatures un- reafonable, diftinguiftiing them ac- cording to their kinds, forting them into feve- ral ranks, placed them under iundry heads, ex- emplifying their manifold ufe and forms or bearing in Coat-Armour, to the end that they might^give better life and warrant to fuch Rules and Obfervations, as concerning them are formerly given. The laft place I have here referved to the moft noble Creature and hrft in eftimation, I mean Man, whom Cod hath indued with a reafonable Soul, and for whole fake he created all other things , fubjedmg them to his fovereignty, that they lhould ferve man, and man ftiould ferve God. Thou haj vivenhim ffeith David j fovereignty over all the works of thy hands, and haft pit all things in fubjettion under hufeet ; all fheep and oxen, and allbeafts of the field , the fowls of tae air and fifties of thefea, &c. For God made man in his own image, not only in giving him an underftanding foul, and an holy will, but alfo a fovereign junfdiciion over-thefe inferiour crea- tures ; even as Kings are the Image of God, in a more peculiar manner, becaufe God hath gi- ven them fovereignty over men. Neither is the beauty of the body it felf lightly to be re- garded , whofe admirable proportions and u- fes made Galen (a heathen) to acknowledge the infinite wifdome of an eternal Creator: And that godly King to break out into terms of ad- miration, faying, Thine eyes did fee my fub- ftance yet being unferfett, and in thy book were all my members written, which day by day were fafhioned, when as yet there was none of them. Inafmuch as we are now come to treat of man, the moft excellent of all God's crea- tures, and for whofe fake all things elfe were created ; let us take a confiderate view of the order of the Creation, and we ftiall find many forcible motives to ftir us up to the glorifying of our gracious God , that hath fo graciouily and abundantly provided for our futtentation and maintenance before we were yet created: that fo we may be provoked with more circum- fpecTrion and regard to meditate upon Gods ad- mirable Omnipotency, Mercy, and gracious Providence; and be induced more regardtully to ponder and confider the inexplicable glory of the heavens, and their moft beautiful orna- ments, the fruitfulnefs and riches of the earth, the infinite variety of ftiapes.colours, quahties,_ and operations of Animals and Vegetables ; ot all which there is not the lead , or whatfoever we hold moft contemptible, but will mimfter unto us juft caufe to glorifie God's Omnipoten- cy, Mercy, and Wifdome, Man Chap.XXIV. A Difplay of Heraldry. Man as touching his body hath a threefold eftatc, viz. Nun ejfe. Semper Creatione. Aforte. Refurreftione. God hath created man, and placed him in this world, to the end he Ihould be a diligent fearch- er, viewer, and beholder of all his works; and withal, that he Ihould not be only a Spectator, but alfo a ferious and zealous Enarrator of his inlinite wildome, power, and mercy, in that he hath moil powerfully created them, raoft wifely difpofed them , and moll providently conferveth them in their feveral ranks and fub- ordinate places and offices. But when we fpeak of man , we moll not underftand him to be that outward form or li- neaments of body, that is fubjecled to our vifi- ble fenfe ; but the mind of each man is the man indeed, not that part of him that may be de- monftrated by pointing of the finger. The mind of man penetrateth and palfeth through all things in a moment , more fwiftly than the ftars, more fpeedily than imagination, yea with more celerity than time it felf So great is the eftate and dignity of mans condition and nature , as that there is no good can fuffice him, but the chiefeft and only good of all. The foul of man is of a Divine Nature, and therefore immortal and eternal ; he afcencleth up by degrees evermore , and never ceafeth until he attain divine and celeftial things : Which nature and property is not found in any creature but in man only. God indeed hath created man of an upright ftature, with his countenance railed up towards heaven ; whereas he hath given all other Ani- mals a groveling countenance, fixed upon the earth : whereby he would notifie , that mans foul is a celeftial thing , and that his nltimum bomim is in heaven ; that heaven is his coun- trey , that there is his everlafting habitation , if he love his God, and become pliant and obe- dient unto his Divine will. T lat o cd\\et\\ man the miracle of God ; for, faith he, man is endued with the force of na- ture of the World. For what is the world,but an univerfality of things compacted together in the form of a Sphere ? And what is man, but a Compendium or Epitome of the univerfality of things ? Therefore was he not mif-named hy Aristotle ,when he called him a liltle world: For he underftandeth with the Angels, he hath fenfe with living Creatures, he communicateth of food, growth and generation with Plants; and finally he hath being with all the Ele- ments , and retaineth with the world the form of a Sphere. For as Julius Solium faith, look how much breadth a man hath when he ex- tendcth hit hands to the fill/, fo much is his length from the crown to the heel : So as if you draw a circle about him, you ihall comprehend him within the form of a compalitd Sphere. Mojes fpeaking of the particular works of God in his Creation before he had created man, faith, Ea vififmjfe Tleo bona ; but after he had created man, and all things pertaining to his fuftentation and prefervation , as alfo all things behoveful for the propagation of all mankind prepared, then did he take a general view and furvey of the whole fabrick of the World, Et Deo vifumfuiffe valde bonum , they were exceeding, that is, fo perfect" good in the higheft degree, as nothing could be wifhed to be added thereto for the bettering thereof. As touching the food allotted to man, at the firft it is mod certain, that the fame was herbs and fruits, as appsareth Gen. i. 29. Ecce dedi vobis oninem herbam, f $c. And God [aid, Be- hold I have given unto you every herb bearing (eed, which is upon all the earth ; and every tree, wherein is the fruit of a tree bearing feed, that /ball be to you for meat. That is to fay ( faith Zanchiusf) multam, ampliffimam, \uaviffnnamiS> utiliftimam , in great plenty, abundant, moft delicate and molt wholfome ; herewith fliall ye be fatisried and contented without feeking after other food. Tlefe three things ( faith Zanchius ) are moft certain ; firft, that before the flood both herbs and fruits of trees were fo wholfome and good, as that man needed no other food ; in re- gard whereof there was no need, that the eat- ing of fie ft] jhould be permitted unto him. Se- condly, it is alfo undoubtedly true, that after the flood the earth was fo corrupted by the in- undation thereof, and consequently mans body became fo weakened, that he flood in need of more [olid and flrong nourifljing meats , as the flefij of Oxen , Kine , Sheep , (Sc. In regard whereof God gave him permiffwn to life them for food. Thirdly , this alfo is without all controverfie,thatGod did not prohibit unto man any forts of meats, becaufe all things are clean to the clean : as alfo for that every Creature of God is good, becaulethey are fandified by his Word. Of the mixture and compofition of the four Elements before mentioned , and of the hu- mors of them, and of them engendred , two principal parts of matters of our bodies have their being, viz. our bones with their nerves or fmews, wherewith they be conjoyn:d and knit ; and our flefh with the veins, whereby the blood is conveyed throughout all parts of the body, together with her arteries, whereby the vital and animal fpirits are carried into eve- ry part and member thereof. Thefe two parts did Adam well exprefs, when fpeaking of Eve he faid , HJ*f* communis orthephantafie(wluch is feared in the fore part of the brain) by means of flnews that do bring fight to the eves. Cod hath annexed thofe two nervts or fi- news , as the Wagons of the feapes and re- femblances received into the eyes, to bee, veyed to the phantafie : which finews , albeit there are two of them annexed to each eye , neverthelefs, when they are protracted to the brain , they do joyn together and end in one point, for this end and purpofe, that the fh apes that were twofold in the two eyes, they fhould yet end in one , forafmuch as the conceived ihapes are (imply of one colour , and that fo the Judge of the Senilis communis,or the phan- tafie fliould not be deceived. Furthermore, he hath covered the eyes with lids, as it were with folding doors, both for a defence againft harmful objects , and more fpecialiy for ileep, that thefe being fhut, mail might take his reft and fleep. Thefe are the means and instruments of fight , that is to fay , of the eyes , whereof who can attain the knowledge of the exact workmanfhip of them ? The reft of the beforementioned external inftruments, viz. the Nofe, Ears, Mouth, with the Roof and Palate thereof, and the Tongue, I do pafs them over, as not being of any, or Cat the leaft) frequent life in Armory, but as they are parts of the head, and therewith uni- ted and conjoyned. After the head and parts thereof, the heart doth challenge the ehicfeft place, as in Example. He beareth Argent, a heart, proper, a Chief, Sable, by the Name of Sc ambler. If the heart ( according to Homer ) doth wafte and confume in thofe, that by any ac- cidental occafion are at- tached with fome vehe- ment or long lingring ficknefs; much more mult the heart wafte in thofe, which are poflef- fed with the fretting canker of Envy againft the profperity of others, according to that faying, Jnvidus ipfe fibi eft louge triftifflmtU hoftis ■ The envious man is a molt deadly foe to himfelf He beareth Gules, on a Chief, Argent, three hearts, proper , by the Name of Heart. The heart (faith one) is na- turally ftjaped long, and net round; to figiiifie that our thoughts and confultations ought to be long,deliberate, and not . . „ hafty and inconfiderate. This is the Fountain, Seat, and Treafury of Lite, wherethrough the whole body receiveth the vital fpints ; which are (as it were) cer- tain qmckmng flames, which bv the miniftery C c 6f A Ditylay of Heraldry. SeS. 1 1 1 . arteries and vcios.are difperfed fcrpugb, out nil V arts of the Lody , giwg thereto h e a nd vi|our, and enabling the lame to the pel - formance of every action. He beareth Argent , a Pels, Gu'es, between three hearts vulned, and diiUUing drops of blood on the finifter fide, pro- per , by the Name ot Tote. Thefe are termed vulned of theLatin word vnhms, which fignifieth a wound. This noble Member hath Nature placed in a feat well fitting the dignity thereof nfomuchasitmay wellbefaid (according to Jnlktlej Naturaconflituit rem Mo, en in noMiori loco, ut cor in medio j To the be i part the beft place- This is that which ot all other partsGod requireth us to referve tor hip ftlfi andtohisfervice, where he faith My [on, nive me thy heart; and good reaion, fince he tvaspleafedtogive us his Sons heart :, to be pierced to the death for our dements. And this place may decide their doubt, who make que- lfion whether be the more principal part ot a man, the brain or the heart, fince God prefer- red the heart, as more eiteeming the hearty affection of true Charity, than a fpeculative contemplation void of Chriftian practice. He beareth Gules, a heart between two wings difplayed, Or,'by the Name of Henry de Wnigham. The Anci- ents ufed to hang the fi- gure of an heart with a lace or chain from the neck upon the bread of a man, fignifying there- by a man of fincenty , and fuch an one as fpeaketh the truth from the heart, and is free from all guile and diflimula- tion and is tar unlike thofe that the Pfalmift mentioned!, faying, They give good vords with their lip, hit difcmble with their heart. Too rife are they lound in this Age, whofe tongue and heart go twodiverfe ways. Therefore well is that faying verified of thefe and like perfons, which is ufual in the mouths of many men , Mel in ore, verba latin; fel in corde, from in f otitis; Honey in the mouth , Gall in the heart , and Guile in their actions. He bearetlr Argent, an arm finifler, itiuing out of the dexter point; and extended towards the ftnifter bafe in-lorm of a Bend , Gules , by the Name of Cornhslh The arm is a member of the body ordained by Nature for labour : and for that purpofe (lie hath fortified the fame flrongly with arteries, muf- clcs, and fmews. By the arm therefore is fig- nifie'd a laborious and induftrious man ; but that no man iTiould rely on his own, or any other mans power or induftry too much, God hath forbidden us to truft to the Arm of flefli. He beareth Gules, three dexter arms con- joyned at the Ihoulders, and flexed in triangle, Or , with lift clenched, Argent. This Coat- Armour pertaineth to the Family of Tremaine of Colacombe in Uevou- jlnre. Thefe arms and hands conjoyned and clenched after this manner may fignifie a treble j offer of revenge for Tome notable injury done to the perfon or fame of the firft Bearer.which I to an honeft man is no lefs dear than life ; Nam honor 33 honeft as pari pajfu cum vita ambula- rent. He beareth Or , on a Chief, Gules, a hand extended and born tranf- verfe the Chief, Argent, by the Name of Matn- [tone. The hand is the pledge of friendfhip and fidelity, which was in ancient times confirmed by fhaking of hands; but later times have taken up another fafhion, by embracing with the Arms. But the truth is, a handful of that ancient amity is more worth than a whole armful of the new , which now every where confifts in words, not in deeds. The hand is the chief working inftru- ment of the body , and of no lefs comlmefs than ufe ; Qtuim multarum artium miftiWrJe funt, faith Zanchiits ; of how many Arts is the hand the worker V and it is called maum f according to tome) dmanando, velqmaip- fa e brachio manat, vel quia ex ea man ant, ni- ght , either for that it proceedeth out of the arm, or for that the fingers proceed out ot it This member is divided into five parts, whereof each one hatha name appropriate to the par- ticular ufe thereof; as the Thumb is cahed Tollex, c hap. XXIV. A Difylay of Heraldry. i h 7 Tollex, quod virtute pra cater -is polleat , for the ftrength of it. The forefinger is named Index, Quia homo illo digito omnia indkat , for pointing with it. The next is called of the place, Me dim, the middle finger. The fourth AnuLms , or Ring-finger. The fifth Auri- cularu,bzczufc men ufe to pick their Ear therej- with. He beareth Argent:, three'finifter hands cou- ped at the wrifts, Gules, by the Name of Mayn- ard ; and is the Coat- Armour of that eminent Lawyer Sir John Maya- ard of Gunnerfbury in the Parifh of Ealing in Middlesex, Kt. Serjeant at Laws to his Majefty K. Charles the Second. The Field is Pearl, a Cheveron, Saphire, be- tween three fmifter hands couped at the wrift, Ruby. This is the Coat- Armour of the Rt. Honourable William Lord May nar d of E- flains in England,3.nd of Wicklogh in the King- dom of Ireland. In the actions and geftures of the body, of all the members thereof the hand is (as I may fay) the moft talkative : For it is a ufual thing -with the moft fort of men , by the motion of the right hand to crave filence ; when we make any fpeech or proteftation of our felves, we do clap our hands upon our breafts ; when we are moved with admiration, we ftrike our hand upon our thigh ; with the hand we do becken and allure unto us, and therewith we do repell and put from us ; when we fpeak to other men, we do extend our hands toward them. The appofition of the finger to the mouth, is a note of filence craved ; the ftriking of the bread with the fift, is a token of forrow and repen- tance ; the exalting and making of the right hand aloft , is ufual with military perfons when they will notifie any profperous fuc- cefs. - /- .,/- The hand, as it is comly in fight, foisitalfo of lingular ufe, and an Inftrument of many Arts : for by their help there is no invention of mans wit left unattempted and brought to per- fedion; and therefore it is of all other mem- bers of mans body, the nimbkft and moft uni- verfal : yet is the fame no longer reckoned a part of man, than it can perform her function, as witneffeth Anfiolc Metapb. Minus um few per eft pars bom i ms , vtfi quando poteft perfi- cere opus fuum. The clapping of hands is a token of joy and applaufe, and hath been in ufe not only with men of modern times, when they would fignb fie their confent and approbation; but alio u ith thofe of ancient time , as we may fee when Jehoiada the I'rieft caufed Joaflj the Son of A- 'baz'iah to be crowned K.;ng; Then he brought out the King's Son , and put the Crown upon him, and gave htm the Teflimony , and they made him King, and anointed him, and they clapt their hands , and [aid , God jave the King. , . i Anciently the cutting off of hands and feet vasufedfor a military punilhment, for fuch as had committed fome capital crime meriting death. So we read that Aufidiwt Cajjius , by anewandunexperimented Example, d:d pu- nilh divers fugitive Souldiers that had abandon- ed their Captain , by cutting off their hands and feet, affirming that fuch punifliment was more exemplary and difciplinable than the put- ting of them to death, by how much a long and lingering reproachful life is worl'c than death it fdf, that giveth a fpeedy end to all la- mentable and wretched calamities. It hath been an ancient cuftome, that when a Mafter requireth his fervant to perform for him any matter of importance ("and would ob- lige him by taking of a folemn Oath to ufe his beft care and diligence for the effectual accorrt- plifliing thereof) to caufe his fervant to put his hand under his thigh , and to take his Oath, as we may fee Gen. 24. 2., 3. Tut now thy hand under my thigh, and 1 will make thee [wear by the Lord, the God of Heaven, and the God of Earth, that thou Jljalt not take a wife un- to my Son of the Daughters of the Canaamtes amongft whom 1 dwell. This Ceremony Ihew- ed the Servants Obedience to his Mafter, and the Mafters power over the Servant. He beareth Argent , aFefs, Sable, between four dexter hands cou- ped at the wrift, Gules, by the Name of Qjtp- tremaine. This was the Coat of Qua- tremaine Dr.of Phylick. The killing of the hand fo much in ufe with us at this day, maybe thought to be an inventi- on of the latter hatchers; but if we lookback into the cuftoms of ancient times, we lliall find that it was in ufe many Ages paft, and is by the revolution of time become new again : For what it new (faith Solomon ~) that hath been informer times. Of this cuftome of killing the hand we read as followcth , Mary when a thing was lent them, reckoned it to be found, and put them to trouble th, it helped them. Ti 11 he hath received he will kifl a mans hand. And concerning the Antiquity of this action of killing the hand, vou mav further read learned Mr. Seidell in his Titles of Honour, p. 40. C c z Ha i88 A Difplay of Heraldry. Seft. in; He beareth barry of jj fix pieces, Or and Sable, |Mb£^HH| overall a Pale, Gules, j!feiaH| charged with a womaiw dugg, dittilling drops of milk , proper , by the Name of T)odge. And here, becaufe I find in the Office of Arms a co- py of the firft Grant of this Coat-Armour, and that very ancient , I think it convenient to acquaint the Reader with fomc particulars of the laid Patent , as I there find it ; whereby appeareth that James Hedirgley, then Guyen King of Arms, after recital made of the loyal and valiant fervice which Tcter Dodge,born in the Town of Slop- •Month in the County of Chefter, Gentleman, had done to King Edward the hrik (for as it there appeareth by the Copy, this Infirument beareth date the eighth of April in the i^th. year of that Kings Reign) in divers battels and lieges, for w hich the faid King had remunera- ted him the faid 'Peter with the Gift of a Seignory or Lordthip there mentioned : He (I fayj the faid King of Arms, after fuch recital made, doth give and grant unto the faid Peter 'Bodge, that from thenceforth, II (understand the laid 'Peter') fort era [on ejeu d'Or & Sables, barre de fix pieces & wig Pale de Gules, avec line mamelle de femme degoullant ; tor fo are the very words and their Orthography, in the Copy of the Patent, which is in French. Thus much whereof I thought fit to prefent to the publick view, not doubting but the Judicious Reader, by careful obfervation thereof, may make fome good ufe. The Function of this Member is thus taught us, i E[d.r. 8. For thou haft commanded the members, even the Breafts to give milk unto the fruit appointed for the breafts, that the thing which is created might be nourijhcd for a time, till ihon dijpojeff it to thy mercy. The Earths Fountains are made to give wa- ter, and the Breafts of women are made to give fuck : But Gentlewomen and Citizens wives are faid to be troubled with a perpetual drought in their Breafts , like the Gout that haunteth the rich and wealthy only. By the Teats fometimes are meant the plentiful Fields wherewith men are nourillied ; as we may read JJai. 1%. iz. Men fall lament for the teats , even the plea[ant fields, and for the fruitful vines. Like as wholfome and plentiful feeding nourifheth and encreafeth milk:fo contrariwife thin diet, forrow , and grief of mind or fick- nefs, drieth up, and much wafteth the fame. The Prophet Jfaiah fhewing the untoward- nefs of thofe that fhould learn the Word of God, faith, Whom Jljall he teach knowledge'! and whom jljall he make to understand the things that he fearet hi Them that are wean- ed from the milk, and drawn [rom the breafts, I[a. 2.8. 9. Whereby he lharply rcprehendeth their backwardnefs in Religion, and compa- reth them to Babes newly weaned from the Breafts. He beareth Or , a man's legg couped at the midft of the thigh, Azure , by the Name of Haddon. The Legg is the member of ftrength, (lability , ex- pedition, and obedience. It was a cuftome of the ancient World, that Ser- vants or Children ihouldput their hand under the thigh of him to whom they fhould be ob- liged by Oath. Which Ceremony (as fome take it) they ufed, as well to fhew the ready o- bedience of the Servants and Children towards their Matters and Parents , as alfo the Jurisdi- ction and Authority of their Matters and Pa- rents over them, as I have formerly fhew'd, p. 187. So did Abraham caufe his Servant to do ; and the like Oath alfo did Ifrael require of his Son Jofeph. He beareth Argent , a man's Legg erafed at the thigh, Sable , by the Name of Prime. In blazoning of Coat- Armour confiding of Leggs born after this manner , I hold it need- lefs to mention the bear- ing thereof in Pale, be- caufe it is natural for a man's Legg to ftand up- right : But if the fame be born in any other fort than thus , then ftall you make fpecial mention thereof. He beareth Sable, a Legg couped below the Knee, Argent , by the name of ShrigleyoiChe- fjire. The Legg being the loweft and lowlielt part of the Body, there- fore do we ufe the mo- tion thereof, to thew humility and fubmiflion to our Superiours : And of all geftures of the Legg, it is not more pliable to any , than to that whereby we humble our felves before God in kneeling and praying , as if Nature had efpe cially framed our Bodies, as well as our Souls, for that fervice to him that made us. And in this fenfe God doth delight in man's Leggs, though he doth not (as himfelf faith) in the ftrength or beauty thereof. And as the Legg cut off from the Body lofeth all his former ftrength. Cfup.XXV. A Drfplay of Heraldry. 89 ftrength: foman cut off from God lofeth all h;s grace, power, andfelicity, which are on- ly preferved by our Union with him. CHAP. XXV. N the procefs of our former Tracts touch- ing Animals, as well Rational as Irration- al, we have been very careful to limit eve- ry feveral kind of Creatures with his own na- tural and diftinct bounds, forms, and proprie- ties ; whereby it happeneth that fuch other kinds of living Creatures , as are any wav ex- orbitant from Natures general courfo and in- tendment, either for qualities or eflence (and therefore wanted a certain place amongft the reft ) have been referved for this laft place. And of thefe are divers forts ; as firft Amfbifti'k, fuch as live fometimes as if they were Water- creatures, at other times as if they were Land'- creatures, as Examples here ihall ihew. He beareth Argent, a Bever erected, Sable, devouring a fifli, proper, armed, Gules. This Coat ftandeth in a Glafs- win- dow in an Inn of Chan- cery called New-Inn- hall without Temple- Barr near London. The Bevcr is like an Otter , and both of them are like fly diflembling Com- panions, who to make their profit, and feed their own bellies, will clofely keep good quar- ter with contrary fides, in affection to neither, but only for their own behoofttherefore I could wiili they had one other property of the Be- ver, which is to geld himfelf, thatfo he might efcape from his purfuers , who hunt him for his Tefticles, which are much ufed in Phyfick This Bever hath only his Tail fiih, and there- fore keeps that part molt in the water: he hath his hinder Leggs like a Swan, and his former like a Dogg , and fo fwimeth with the one whiles he preyeth with the other. He beareth Argent, a Fefs between three Otters , Sable , by the Name of Lutterel. Sir John Maundevile in his Difcourfes reporteth , that in the Countrey of China they ufe Otters for Water-doggs , bred tame among them in great number, which lb often as they are com- manded, go into the waters and bring forth fifli to their Maftcrs. He beareth Argent* a Cheveron between three Seals feet creeled and erafed, Sable. Thefe Arms do pertain to the Town of Yarmouth in Norfolk. The Fins wherewith this fifli doth fwim, do ferve her turn alfoas feet to go withal upon the Land. The milk of this Seal ( or Sea-calf ~) is very wholfome againtl the Falling iicknefs.i but foe fucketh it out, and fpilleth it of envyf that it ihould not profit any other. To this head of Amphibia all other of like na- ture are to be reduced. The fecond fort of Nature's unnatural Crea- tures ( as I may call them) are Bigenerafuch as are ingendred of two diflinct kinds of Beafts againft the prefcript of Nature's Order. Of » hich prodigious kinds of Beafts, as fome have been procreated by means of mans idle inven- tion, and others by cafual accident: fo are there fundry forts of Beafts no lefs unnaturally ingendred, through carelefs neglect of the fe- parating each fort of Cattelby themfelves,and by permitting the Beafts of diflinct kinds to fort and feed together confufedly in the time of their heat. Such are thofe that Upton calleth Mufimones, ingendred of a Goat and a Ram j Tityri, of a Sheep and a Goat ,• Hybrides, of a wild Boar and a tame Sow ;Ca(t or ides, Hoggs ingendered by a Fox and a Bever ; Lycifcus of a Wolf and a Maftiff, and fuch like . ' ' Thefe bigenerous Beafts (faith Upton') may well befeem the bearing of Abbots and Ab- beffes,who bear the Miter and the Crofs, which are reprefentations of Paftoral Jurifdiction, but have not the actual exercife thereof; as the Mule and Leopard, having the generative In- ftruments of the Horfe and the Lion, yet have not the natural ufe of them : though in this property Abbots and Abbeifes have never been very like them, but for the other refpect. Whereupon a certain Author hath this fay- ing ; Mulws Abbatesjunt in honore pares : Mules, Abbots, and Abbeffes are alike ; They bear the weapons, but cannot ftrike; He i9< A Difplay of Heraldry. Sea.m. He beareth Galesj a Mufimn, Argent. This is a bigenerous Eeafl ol unkindly procreation (like as the Mule before exemplified amongft whole-tooted Beafts ) and is engendred be- tween a Goat and a Ram; like as the Titjy* . ingendnd between a Sheep and a Buck Goat, as Upton noteth. He beareth Gules, a Leopard palfant gar- dant,Or, Ipottcd, Sable. The fliape of ttc Leo- pard bewrayetiwis un- kindly birth, forafmuch as he in all proportion of body is more like the Tardus fi(wz\ in refpect of the llendernefs of his body, asofhisfpots, and wanteth the courage notified by the plentiful Mane, wherewith Na- ture hath invefted the Lion, being the exprels token of his generous and noble (pirit. This rhif-begotten Beaft is naturally an Enemy to the Lion, and finding his own defect: of cou- rage to encounter the Lion in fair fight, he ob- ferveth when the Lion makes his walk near to his Den, which (in policy) he hath purpofe- ly wrought fpacious and w ide in the double en- trance thereof, and narrow in the midft, lb as himfelf being much more (lender than theLion, may eafily pals : when he feeth the Lion, he maketh towards him baftily, as if he would bid him battel in the open fields ; and when he feeth the Lion prepared to encounter him, he beta- keth him to his heels, and maketh towards his Den with all celerity, whom the Lion eagerly purfueth with full courfe, dreaming of no dan- ger by reafon of the large entrance into the Den. At length, through the vehemency of his fwift courfe, he becometh fo ftraitned in the narrow paiTage in the midft of the Den (by reafon he is much bigger bodied than the Leo- pard ) that he can go neither forwards nor backwards. The Lion being thus diftrefled , li s Enemy pallet h thorow his Den,and cometh behind him, and gnaweth him to death. Of this BeafV, the head is more ufually born in. Coat-Armour than the whole, and that in a diverfe manner, as by thefe Examples next en- fuing may be feen. Sable, three Leopards rampant, Argent, ipot- tcd, Sable, is the Coat- Armour of Sir 'Thomas Lynch of Rixton-hall ( anciently called the Tele j in the Parilh of Great Sonkey in Lanca- jhire, Kt. which came to him by his Mother, Elizabeth Daughter & Heir of Thomas Rixton of the faid place, Gent, which faid Sir 71 mas is defended of the Fa- mily of the Lynches of Groves in the County oUCent, and is one of die Gentlemen of his Majefi ies Privy Chamber in Ordinary, and was late Governourof the Wand of Jamaica. Diamond , a Cheve- ron between three Leo- pards heads or faces,To- paz, is the Achieve- ment of the Right Ho- nourable William Earl of Strafford , Baron Wentworth of Went- wort h-woodhonfe,New- march , Overfley and Rabby , Knight of the Garter, and one of the Lords of his Majefties mod Honourable Privy Council,ckc. Pearl, a Cheveron, Ruby , between three Leopards heads, Diamond, is the Coat- Armour of the Right Honourable Fraticu Vifcount Newport of Bradford, Baron Newport of Bigk-Ercall, Lord Lieutenant of the County of Salop, Treafurerof his Majefties Houftiold, and one of the Lords of his mod Honourable Privy Council. Vert, a Cheveron between three Leopards heads, Or, is the Coat of Sir Barrow Fitch of Wcodham-walter in Effex, Kt. Sable, a Cheveron between three Leopards heads, Argent, is the Coat of Mr. Tho. Hawes of the City of London, Merchant. Or, a Cheveron between three Leopards heads, Sable, with the Arms of Vlfter, is the Coat-Armour of Sir Charles Wheler of Burbn- ry in Warwick jlAre , Baronet, anciently of Martin-lluljiiigtre in the County of Worce- ster. He j Chap XXV. A Diffl.yof HerdJry. 19 He beareth Argent, a Pile furmounted by a Fefs between four Leo- pards heads, Gules , by the Name of Garro&iay; and is the Coat of Wil- liam Garro-jjay of the City of ChichrjJer in Sltffex, Efq; Gules , on a Bend , Argent, three Leopards heads of the Field , is the Coat-Armour of Colonel Robert Werrien of the City of Chefier, Comptroller to his Roy- al Highnefs James Duke of Tort, and firft Lieutenant and Major of his Guards. Or, on a Bend, Azure, three Leopards heads Argent, is the Coat of John Mmgay of Gi- tningham in Norfolk, Efq; He beareth Argent, on a Fefs engrailed , Gules , three Leopards heads, Or, by the Name of Barton, and is born by Nicholas Barbon of the City of London, M. D. and one of the Colledge of Phyficians of the faid City. Azure , two Barrs, Argent, in Chief three Leopards heads, Or, by the Name of Wright ; and with the Arms of ZJlfler, is the Coat-Ar- mour of Sir ..Hems Wright of T)agenha;n in the County of Effex, Baronet. This Coat is alfo born by Sir Benja- min Wright of Cranham-hallia the faid Coun- ty, Baronet. He beareth Fabic, two Barrs, Ermyn , in Chief, three Leopards heads or faces, Or, by the Name of felt ham; and is the Coat- Armour of Oiuen Feltham of Grays-Inn in the Coun- ty cjt Wddlfex, Efq; He beareth Argent, a Cheveron , Gules , be- tween three Leopards heads erafed, gardant , Sable, by the Name of Famngton ; and is the Coat-Armour of John farrrington of London, Merchant , defended from the ancient Fami- ly of the Farrir.gtotn of Were/en near harrmg- ton-htathm Lancafiirc ;zFzmi\y that came into England with William the Conquerour, and have fince continued in a flouriihing condi- tion-, there having been eight Knights of the faid Family- He beareth Verry , on a Pale, Gules, three Leopards heads, Or, by the Name of OcAowla. The Leopard hath a name well fitting his un- kindly procreation and double Nature : for be- ing ingendered between the Lionefs and the Par- d'u?, is thereupon called a Leopard. It is often- times found in the hot Climates, efpecialiy in Africa, where, through great fcarcity of wa- ters, manyBeafts did often convent together at fome River to drink , of whofe commixtion many monftrous births have been produced ; which gave occafion of that vulgar Proverb, Semper aliquid novi fert Africa ; Africa ftill yields new Monftcrs. The Field is Sable, a Leopards head, Argent, jelTant, a Flower de lis , Or , by the name of Mcrlcy ; and is born by Sir William Morley of Halnaber in the County of Suffex , Kt. of the Bath. Whatjef- fant is, I have formerly Ihewed you in the fifteenth Chapter of this third Section, fag. 144. And now I will fhew you' A Difflay of Heraldry. Sett. 111. \ou three Leopards heads jeffant, the like flow- ers born in one Efcocheon. The Field is Sable , three Leopards heads jelfant, Flowers de lis , Or. This Coat is alfo born by the Name of Morley, and is the Coat of William Morley of Glinde in Suffex, Efq; Some are of opinion that this colour Sable, is the moft ancient of colours ; and their reafon is , for that it appeareth in Gene/is, chap, i .z. that darknefs was before God made light. Here you fee this Sable Field charged with Or. And whatkindof qualified and conditioned Bearer a Coat-Armour of this colour and metal befit- teth , I have already declared in the tenth Chapter of this third Sedion, fag. 107. Now in the blazon of this next enfuing Ef- cocheon, I in this prefent Edition lhall upon better consideration differ from that which I gave it in my former , Secunda cogitathnes Jape fittit meliores. He beareth Gules, 3 Leopards heads,Or, jef- lant Flowers de lis , A- zure, over all a Bend engrailed of the third, by the Name ofDeunn. This is that ancient Coat- Armour of that Family, as appeareth in the Cathedral Church of Worcefler and Hereford , as alfo in the Churches of 'Durham and Aufte, and many ci- ther places: neverthelefs , fome have of late years altered the Flowers de lis into Or, wherein they have much wronged the Bear- ers, in rejecting the ancient form , which is both warranted by antique Monuments, and no way difcommendable, fince it is born in the natural colour. The Field is Gules, three Leopards heads reverfed, fwallowing as many Flowers de lis, Or. This Coat pertaineth to the See of Hereford. Thefe Leopards heads differ from the former in this, that they are born reverfed ; of which form of bearing you muft take fpecial notice in bla- zon; as alfo of the Flowers de lis , which in thefe are faid to be fwallowed , and not born. CHAP. XXVI. ANOTHER fort there is of exorbitant Animals much more prodigious than all the former ; fuch are thole Creatures formed, or rather deformed, with the confufed fhapes of Creatures of different kinds and qua- lities. Thefe (according to fome Authors)are called in Latin Monftra a Monjlrando , for foreihewing fome ftrange events. Thefe Man- ners (faith St. Jlugufine~) cannot be reckoned among/1 1 hofe good Creatures that God created before the tranfgrejjlon of Adam : for thofe did God ( when he took the furvey of them J pro- nounce to be valde bona, for they had in them neither accefs nor defect , but were the perfect workman/hip of God's Creation. And of them. Zanchius faith, that Eorum deformitas habet 'vfifS , aim \§ Deo ferviant ad gloriam ipfius illuftrandam, & eletTu ad falutem promoven- dam. If man had not tranfgreffed the Law of his Maker, this dreadful deformity (in like- lyhood) had not happened in the procreation of Animals, which fome Philofophers do call TeccataNatura, Errors in Nature ; Qiioniam uatura impeditur in horum generatione,tie pof- fit quale velit producer e Animal. Some ex- amples in this kind here enfue. He beareth Argent, a Griffon paffant , his wings difplaied , Sable, armed, Gules , by the Name of Halloa. Leigh in his blazon of tjiis Beaft addeth this word Sergreant, in regard of his two-ford form , wherein he doth (as touching his foreparts) participate with the Eagle, and (in the hindmoft parts) with the Lion : If that be the caufe, then doubtlefs that term cannot be faid to be peculiar to the Grif- fon, as he would have it , but rather common to whatfoever other Animal of double nature ; as the Wiverne, Cockatrice, &c. He beareth Or , a Griffon rampant , with wings difplaied , Sable, by the name of Morgan, a fprcading Family in Monmouthfhire, and ma- ny of the Welch Coun- ties : Amongft which are Sir 'Thomas Morgan of Langattogg, Baronet, William Morgan of Tredegar and MachenM^- Thomas Morgan of Teur'ofe, Efq. Thomas Mor- gan of Lanromney, Efq; James Morgan of Lant ill 10-Tert holey, Efq; and William Mor- gan of Wevgohen,¥S^ all. in Monmouthfhire'; and Chap.XXVI. A Dijpiay of Heraldry. J 93 and William Morgan of Newton in Brecknock- jbire, Efq. Vert, a Griffon rampant, Or, is the Coat of Richard Coleling of Corelcy in Shropjhire, Efq; Principal Secretary to the Right Honourable Henry Ea.r\ of St. Albans, Lord Chamberlain of his Majefties Houlhold. Azure, a Griffon fergreant or rampant, Or, is the Coat of Sir John Read of Brocket-hall in Hartfordfljire , Baronet. As alfo by the Name of Curfellts ; and by Mr. James CurfeBk of London, Merchant. Sable, a Griffon fergreant, Or, is the Coat of the Honourable Society of Grays-Inn, be- ing one of the four Inns of Court. The erect- ing of the fore-leggs of this Griffon is an evi- dent teftimony of his readinefs for action, which addcth a fecond force of his attempt,and promifeth a fuccefsful event of his enterprife , by reafon he uniteth force and induftry toge- ther. The Griffon having attained his full growth, will never be taken alive ; wherein he doth adumbrate, or rather lively fet forth the property of a valorous Souldier , whofe magnanimity is fuch , as he had rather expofe himfelf to all dangers,and even to death it felf, than to become a Captive. As a Lion rampant is figured eretim, eleva- tuf, mordax ore, radens pedibus ; fo may a Bear, Griffon, or whatfoever other Animal of fierce nature (as aforefaid } that is fhaped in like form and action : For the Lion is not faid to be rampant , becaufe he reprefenteth the fhape of a Lion, but in refpect of his fierce and cruel action ; fo this in like manner ufing the fame actions, may apertly participate the fame terms of blazon, his double ihape notwithftand- ing, Similium enim fimilis efl ratio. He beareth Azure , a Griffon paffant & Chief, Or, by the Name Eve- lyn, a very fpreading and worthy Family in S urrey , Buckingham- shire , Kent, and elfe- where: Of which Fa- mily are George Evelyn of Blechingley, Efquire, George Evelyn of Wot- ton, Efq; Edward Evelyn of Long.'Ditton , Efq; George Evelyn ofGodHone, Efq; and Richard Evelyn of Eitjham, Efq; all in the County of Surrey : Alfo John Evelyn otSayes- Court in Tleptford in Kent, Efq; and George Evelyn of Hunters-combe in Bucks, Efq; He beareth Or , a Griffon fergreant , Sa- ble , within a Bordure, Gules , by the Name of Boys, a Family of good account in Kent , now exiftiiig iti the perfons of John Boys of Fred- viU'm Nomngton , Efq; John Boys of Botjhan- ger Efq; and Samuel Boys of Hawkes-hersl , Efq; He beareth Or, on a Cheveron between 3 Cinque-foils, Azure, as many Efcallop fliells , Argent, on a Chief, Gules, a Griffon paffant, Argent, by the Name of Hawkins ; and is the Coat-Armour of Ri- chardHawkms of Mar. cham in Bark/hire , Gent. Sable , a Gheveron between three Griffons heads erafed, Argent. This is the Coat of Sir John Cotton of Lan- wade'm Cambridge/ire, Baronet. He beareth Sable, a Cheveron per Pale, Ar- gent and Or, between three Griffons heads e- rafed , Argent , by the tizms oi Bourne ; and is born by John Bourne of Morepelds in the Parifli of St. Leonards Shore- ditch in MiddleS'ex, Dr. of Phyfick. D d He 194 A Difylay of Heraldry. He beareth per Bencf, j Or and Gules , three Griffons heads erafed, counterchanged on a Chief, Argent, a Flower de lis between two Ro- fes of the fecond, by the Name of Rycroft , or Roycroft, who from A- bivill in Normandy , planted themfelves in Lafica/kt're ; from whence are derived the feveral Stems in Shrop- shire, CbeJInre, Devorfhire, and Lont/on&nd is born by Jofiah Rycroft of London , Mer- chant. He beareth Argent, on a Fefs, between three Griffons heads erafed, Sable , as many Mullets of the Field , by the Name of Cliff'e ; and is the Coat-Armour of Al- lan Cliff'e of the City of London , Efq; Grand- child to Allan Cliff'e Re- dtor of Great Whit ley in Shrop/t/ire , who was one of the younger Sons of Sir Richard Cliff e of in the faid County of Salop, who lived tempore Hen. 7. He beareth Argent, a Wiverne , his wings difplaied, and tail now- ed, Gules, by the Name of Drakes. This word Nowed is as much to fay in Latin as Nodatus. This tail is faid to be nowed, becaufe it is in- tricately knotted with divers infoldings, after the manner of a Frette. Like as a Griffon doth participate of a Fowl andaBeaft, as aforefaid ; fo doth the Wiverne partake of a Fowl in the wings and leggs, and with a Snake, Adder, or fuch other Serpents (as are not of greffible kind , but glide along upon their belly) and doth rcfcmble a Serpent in the tail. The Poets do feign that Dragons do keep, or (according to our Engliih phrafe ) fit a- brood upon Riches and Treafures , which are therefore committed to their charge, becaufe of their admirable fharpnefs of fight, and for that they are fuppofed ( of all other living things ) to be the moft valiant. Adag. col. J15. whereof Ovid. Metamorph. 7. Tervigilem fupereft herbk fopire Draconem. The Dragons are nit. rally fo hot, that they cannot be cooled by drinking of water, but ftill gape for the Air to refrelh them, as appeareth Jeremiah 14. 6. And the wild Affes did ffand 'in the high places, they [miffed up the wind lite Dragons ; their eyes did fail becaufe there was nograjs. He beareth Sable , a Cockatrice difplaied , Argent, crefted, mem- bred , and jolloped , Gules, by the Name of Buggine. The Cocka- trice is called in Latin Reguhu , for that he feemeth to be a little King amongft Serpents; not in regard of his quantity, but in refpect ot the infection of his peftiferous and poifonful afpecSt, wherewith he poifoneth the Air. Not unlike thofe devillilh Witches, that do work the deftrudtion of filly Infants , as alfo of the Cattel of fuch their Neighbours, whofe pro- fperous eftate is to them a moft grievous eye- fore. Of fuch Virgil in his Eucolicks makes mention, faying, Nefcio quu ten'eros ocultts tnihi fafcinat Agnos. I know not what wicked eye hath bewitched my tender Lambs. He beareth Argent,a Reremoufe difplaied,Sa- ble, by the Name of Rakfter. The Egyptians ( faith Tierius ) nfed to fignifle by the Rere- tmufe a man that having JmaU means and weak power, either of Nobi- lity, or of Fortune, or y et flored with pregnancy of wit, hath ncver- thelefi ftepped up jo fuddenly, thai he might feem not Jo much to be fupported by the earth , as by a judden flight to be exalted above the fame. Sometimes you fhall find this Bird born in the form of fome Ordinary ; for fo fhall you fee them born difplaied in Pale, three of them one above another. As in the Enfigns of -the Kingdom of India, forted amongft the Coat- Armours of the innumerous multitude of the great ailembly holden at the Council of Con- fiance, AnnoDom. 141 4. This little Creature doth partake both with Beaft and Bird, in fuch nearnefs of refemblance to either of them, as that it may (with reafon) be doubted of whe- ther kind he is. By occafion whereof he taketh advantage in the Battel between Beafts and Birds ( mentioned in the Fables of JEfop ) to flutter aloft above them, to behold the event of that dangerous fight, with a refolution to in- cline to the ftronger part. Of all Birds ( ac- cording to Tliny) this alone bringeth forth young Chap.XXVII. A Difplay of Heraldry: young alive,and none but (lie hath wings made of panicles or thin skins. So is ihe the only Bird that fuckleth her young with her paps, and giveth them milk. He beareth Azure, an Harpy with her wings diiclofed,her hair flotant , Or , armed of the fame. This Cdat ftandeth in Huntington Church. Of this kind of Bird C o.r rather Monfter) Virgil wri- teth in this manner : Triftins baud illis monftrum, nec ftevior utta Teflis tSiradeum; Stygiis Jefe extulitundk; Virginei volucrum vultus , fadijjima ventris Jngluvies, tmcaq; manusfS -pallida femper Orajame. 1 ' - ■ Of mongers all, moft monftrous this ; no greater wrath God (ends 'mongft men ; it comes from depth of pitchy tfell: And Virgins face, but wombe Hie gulf unfa- tiate hath, Her hands are griping claws, her colour pale and fell. The Field is Azure, an Harpy difplaied, cri- ned, crowned, and arm- ed, Of. Thefe are the Arms of the noble City of Norenberga, which , according to fome Au- thors, is fcituate in the very Center of the vaft and fpacious Countrey of Germany. The Harpy (faith XJptoii) Jhould te given to j'uch perjons as have committed manflaiighter, to the end that by the often view of their Enfigns they might be moved to bewail thefoulnejs of their offence. He beareth Argent, a Mermaid , Gules, cri- ned, Or , holding a Mir- ror in her right hand , and a Comb in her left, by the Name of Ellis. To thefe muft be added Montegres, Satyrs, Monk-fifties ; as alfo Lions-dragons , Lions- poifons, and whatfoever other double ftiaped Animal of any two or more of the particular kinds before handled. CHAP. XXVII, UNTO this will I add fome forts of A- nimals, which although they be duly fliaped, and therefore may feem to a- gree with thofe of the fame kind formerly treated of, yet do they much differ from them, either in their unnatural poftures and geftures; or elfe being with fome liberty-debarring in- strument by mans induftry and invention re- ftrained of their natural freedom,as by a chain, or the like ; and therefore could not, according to Methods ftrict rule, have been handled pro- mifcuou fly among the former. Some few Ex- amples of this kind of bearing of Animals of this fort in Coat- Armour , I here preftnt unto your view. He beareth Or, a Lion rampant, ragar- dant , Sable , armed i Gules, by the Name of Gway the Voyde, fome- time Lord of Cardagan in Wales. Argent, a Lionrarri- pant,regardant, Sable, is the Coat of Thomas Mat hew of Caftle-Mengcb in Glamorganjljire, Efq; Or, a Lion rampant,regardant, Sable,is born by John Lloyd of Keyfwyn in Merioneth/hire, Efq. This action doth manifeft an inward and de- generate perturbation of the mind , which is meerly repugnant to the moft couragious na- ture of the Lion, Cujrn naturaeft imperterrita-, according to the faying, Leofortijftmns beftia- rum ad nullius pavebit occurfum. The form of bearing of the Lion regardant, albeit in refpeel of his courage and magnani* mity it be contrary to his natural quality , for that it may be thought, and is indeed general- ly holden to be a chief note of timoroufriefs , which is meerly contrary to his generous na- ture; yet neverthelefs it is good Armory, not only in him, but alfo in all other Animals of like bearing, fo long as they are born fignifi- cantly ; and it fitteth our profeiTiori to inter- pret all forts of bearing to the beft , that is to fay, to the moft honour of their Bearers. To the end therefore that I may give fome fatif- fadtion touching the commendable bearing thereof to fuch as do hold the contrary, I hold the fame form of bearing to be born (nof. only in the Lion, but in whatfoever other Ani- mals) (ignificantly, and therefore commenda- bly : forafmuch as fuch action betokeneth a diligent circumfpection or regardful confidera- tionof fore-palled events of thirigs, and com- D d 2. paririg A Diftlay of Heraldry. 196 paring of them with things prefent, that he j may give a conjectural ghefs of the effects oi things yet to come, and reftingin dehberation, which proprieties are peculiar to men that are careful and confiderate of fuch bufmeiies as they do undertake. He beareth Argent, a Lion rampant coward, Purpure,by the Name oi Rowch. This is termed a Lion coward, for that in cowardly fort he clap- peth his tail between his Leggs, which is proper to all kind of Bealts (ha- ving tails ) in cafe of extremity and fear , than which nothing is more contrary to the magnanimity and noble ftomack of the Lion, who will not fhrink or be abalhed at any encounter, fo valiant and re- folute is he of nature. Other forts of bearing of Animals there be, whofe natural actions are hindred by reafon of the appofition of certain Artificial Impediments; as (hall appear hereafter in thefe next following Efcocheons. He beareth Argent, a Lion rampant, Sable, gorged with a Collar, and a Chain thereto affixed reflexing over his back , Or , by the Name of Meredith. Such form of bearing may fignifie fome Bear- er thereof to be capti- vated by fuch an one as was of greater power thanhimfelf. No Bead can be truly faid to be free that is tied about the neck.which Arifiotle obferveth, faying, Nullum 'animal tunc eft liberum,quan- docollutn fuum vinatlis habet foltitum. The Field is Gules, a Boar, Argent , armed , grilled , collared , and chained, Or, tied to an Holly-bufh on a Mount in bafe.bothproper.This was the Paternal Coat- Armour of George Ow- en, Efq. deceafed , a An- gular lover and an indu- flrious Collector of Antiquities , as Learned Mr. Camden writeth in the defcription of Tem- brokefliire. He was owner of the Barony of Keimes in the faid County , which, as the fame Mr. Camden there noteth, confiftethof twenty Knights fees, and twenty fix Parifhes over and above the three Boroughs of Newport, Ftjh- gard, and St. Dogmaels. By this Mr. Owens mduftry the printed Mapp of the faid County Seft.IIL was, as you may fee in the faid Mr. Camden % defcription, compofed. He beareth Sable, a Horfe paifant, Argent, fpanceled on both Leggs of the nearer fide,Gules, by the Name of 'Terci- valh Albeit this Horfe be now fpanceled as you fee , yet muft yon not account him to be of fo bafe and dejected na- ture, as that he hath been forced to this fubje- ction, but rather won thereunto by tradable ufage : for fuch is the quality of noble Spirits, as that they are rather brought to conformity by gentlenefs than by feverity,according to the memorable faying of Seneca, Generojus ani- mus facilius ducitur qudm trahitur. For it is with irrational Animals as with the rational , who are rather drawn by the Ears than by the Cloak, that is, they are fooner won by per- fwafion than forced by compulfatory means : which being taken in this fenfe, the impofition of this artificial note of reflraint, doth no way- derogate from the worth of the Bearer. In theclofing up of this third Section of Ir- rational Animals, I will note unto you fome few Examples (not unworthy yourobfervati- on) of fome other forts of bearing than have been hitherto fpoken of; for that I would not willingly omit any thing worthy of note, that may fervefor your better information : For I had rather you were ill furnifhed at my hands , than that I fhould leave you altogether disfuf- nifhed. The things that I purpofe to note un- to you in this place, are briefly thefe , to wit, That there are fome Coat-Armours , whole Fields (befides their grand Charge) do admit fome petite Charge to be annexed to the pri- mer Charge. Others there are, wherein the Field being freed of luch petty Charges, the fame are impofed upon theCharge it felf. Hence it is , that we have fo many Lions and other living things born Gutte, Burette, Efcalloppe,, Pellette , Sec. as by this that snfueth in part may befeen. mr jU He beareth Azure, a I I I Lion rampant, between |5 If eight crofs Croflets tKiL +L. fitchedj three, two,two, ^Jflkw I an d one , Or, charged on the moulder with a Crefcent, Gules, a Chief of the fecond , by the Name of Jordane. A li ke bearing to this (the Chief excepted) hath the Lord ^Delaware for his fecond Coat, which is Gules, crufule boton- ne fitche.a Lion rampant, Argent, by the Name of Laware, which I do note unto you for a further inftanceof fuch bearing. Azure, Chap. XXVII. A Diftlay of Heraldry. 197 Azure, flory Or, a Li- on rampant, Argentjand is born by Nevill 'Pool of Oakley in Wtll{bire, Efq; The Field is Dia- mond, a Lion rampant between eight erodes Croflets, Pearle This Coat-Armour pertain- eth to the ancient Fami- ly of Long of Wiltfiire: whereof that Honoura- ble and vertuous Baron- nefs, the Lady R uffel , fometime wife to the late Right Honourable and thrice-worthy Sir William Ruffel , Lord Ruffe I of Thoruehaw, deceared, was defcended; whofe feveral vertues deferveto be publiihed by a more skilful pen. Yet can I not but mew my dutiful affefbion unto them for many thofe honourable refpedts touching my own particu- lar. Or, a Lion rampant between eight crofs Croflets, Azure, by the Name of Bonne I of ''Nor- folk. Argent , Semy de Cinque-foils, Gules, a Lion rampant , Sable is the Paternal Coat- Armour of William Tierrepont of Or ton in Huntingtonjhire, Efq; Brother to the Right Honourable Henry Mar- quefs 'of Dorche/Ier/Sc. Sable, Semy de Cinque-foils a Lion ram- ' pant, Argent, is born by the Name of Clifton. A zure , flory a Liotl rampant gardant , Ar* gent , by the Name of Holland 5 and is the Coat-Armour of Sir John Holland of Qui* denham'm Norfolk Ba» ronet Sable , a Lion ram- pant, Argent, debruifed with a Bendlet,GuIes,by the Name of 'Churchill , and is born by Sir John Churchill of Churchill in Somerfetjbire , Kt* defcended from the an- cient Family of the Chnrchillsm the Coun- ties of Somerfet, 'Devon, and Dorfet , flourifhing in the Reigns of King John, Henry the Third, and Ed-ward the Firfl. He bcareth Argenti a Lion rampant, Sable, Gutte, Or.bythe Name of Brommch. As this Charge is born Gutte , fo ihall the careful ob- ferver find other ChaN ges born Billette, Pellet- te, &c. Sol, Semy de Cceur des hommes, proper, three Lions paffant gar- dant, Jupiter. This Coat was born by Swane King of Denmark, who in the year of our Lord 990. gained the King- dom , and compelled King Mtheldred to pay him tribute for twenty years, at which time Hardicanutus, the Da- nifli King, deceafing,King Edward was crown- ed in his place. Th 1 Subordinate , as \Kl&®s are"! Born before , hem as tokcns of fuct) Princes, Dukes , Prehe- minence of digni-' ty Grand - Officers , l_Magiftrates,&c I r Antichrifiian, as' Pope, Cardinals, &c. Ecclefia- iftical, s. and theirs * J Chriflian and A- I lji( ew ife ei- I poftolical, as I tnet I their Dignity, as the Sword of E- i I date, the Lord Chancellors Purfe,the (.great Mace, &c. 1 r Born or worn by the Perfons them- felvcs, as the Triple Crown , Cardi- nals Hat, Pall, Miter, Croyfier. IArch-bilhops and I Bifhapsj&c. } "Civil, in, regard of ' 1 Artificials, as they are born in Coat-Ar- mours , are confidered according to Mens fi- liates and Actions Liberal, which Born before them, as the Crofs, Vierge, &c. f Theology for our Souls. J"Cardinal,or chief) Phyfick for our Bodies, to which Surgery alfo is Faculties, as preferred. I (.Law for our Fortunes. Subordinate , as the feven Scien-, i.ces, ProfelS- 9ns and 4 Arts "Grammar. Logick. Rhetorick. Geometrey. j Mufick. I Arithmetick. lAftronomy. I f Agriculture, Paflure, Vine-drefling, &c. \Clothing, Tailery, &c 'For mceffity, and J Armature, Architc&uie, Carpentry, Sec Co principal, as ^Navigation. / ^Hunting. ( Venation, \ Doence and Ornament, as the Shafronc, Cranet, Barde.&c !ving for W!"^ I ordained) Common ufe, as Bits, Bridle, Snaffles, Saddle, Stirrops, Ifor (, Horfe-fhoes, 6cc. Order, whereof fome are ofs Executi. on of Order, J 2 O I ERALDRY. SECT. IV. CHAP. I. AS all Natural things (of which hi- therto we have intreated) were made by the powerful hand of the Almighty and All-wife God for the ufe of Mankind : fo did God alfo endue Man with an admirable power infu- fed into him, with a reafonable Soul, whereby every man might invent ways and means to help himfelf, and one man to help another by the benefit of Arts, for the better ufe of thofc things which God and Nature hath provided. In which refpe&s Art is reputed Natura Si- mla, Natures Ape, for imitating thofe things which Nature herfelf hath framed, as we fee in Painting, Poetry, and the like. But we may go further (fince Art goeth further) and add, That Art is alfo Natur'a Obfietrix, Medica, Lena: Natures Midwife, in helping her for the fafer and better producing of her fruits, as is Husbandry, &c. Natures Phyfician, in prefer- ving Natures works, as Architecture, Arma- ture, andPhyfickit felf: Laftly, Art is Na- tures Pandor, infettingher out to the moft tempting and pleafing fafhion, by inventing thofe things that tend either to the adorning or delight, fo to pleafe the fenfes and phan- fies with thofe things, which in their own na- ture without Art, would not be fo contentful. And therefore AriftotU yieldeth this reafon of the invention of Arts, Qu/a HaUtramultipli- citer eft ana Ua 25 multk angufiiis oppreffa, ideo invent a eft Ars, ut fuf pleat defectum Natura, Nature is much kept under and opprelfed like an Handmaid, and therefore Arts were invent- ted, to fupply thofe defects of Nature. In this place therefore we intend from the works of Nature to come to the works of Art, fo far forth as they are ufed in Coat-Armour. | And here we muft be born with, if we ufe the word of Art in his largeft fignirication , inclu- ding all Sciences and Knowledge,whether Con- templative or Operative and Pratick whatsoe- ver ; for fo one hath defined it, Art is the cun- ning of doing or teaching any thing by certain Rules [ or prefcript forms : ] And therefore fome have thought Arts to be ab ArElando, 202 A Diftlay of Heraldry. Sea. iv. Quia arflu brevihfqne preceptit concludilur , becaufe it is comprifed in brief and compendi- ous Precepts : whereas thofe who fo call it, quia per Artus operatur, for the works of the limbs or joynts, they comprehend only Arts Mechanical by that name. Some more proba- bly derive it from the Greek word Arete, which fignifieth Vertue; becaufe the perfect Skill or Art of doing any thing is properly the vertue of that Action. In handling thefe Artificials , I will follow our prefcribed Order , and begin with the Enfignsofthe Actions of Eftate Civil, and firft with the Higheft and Sovereign, as in Example. The Field is Jupiter, a Crown Mitral Imperi- al , Sol , garniflied and enriched with fundry precious Gems, proper. Thefe Arms do pertain to the City of Toledo in Spain. This fort of Crown was devifed to reprefent a twofold dig- nity united into one , viz. Sacrifical and Imperial (in which refpeit I have given it this new coyned form of bla- zon : ) For in ancient times Emperours and Kings were alfo Priefts, Tanta eft Sacerdotalis digmtas, (§c. (faith Chaffa.') So great is the Prieflly Dignity, that in the glorious times of the Romans no man might be Emperour or King, but he was to be alfo a Prieft; and thence are they infilled in their Coyns Impera- tores, t§ Tonttfices Maximi ; whence we may fee, that the original wasmeerly heathenilli of the Popes llfurpation of that Title Tontifex Maximus ; furely he could find in his heart al- fo to ftyle himfelf Imperator Maximtis , for that high command he challengeth over all Emperours and Kings. And though this be now the Enfign of the Empire, yet it is rather in poffeflion of the ufurping Papacy. The Field is Mars, a Crown Imperial , Sol. This is called an Imperi- al Crown, in regard of the Imperial Jurifdicti- on and Prerogatives , that an abfolute King (to whom fuch a Crown is due) hath within his Kingdom. The high rifing of the Diadem doth fignifie the greatnefs and perfection of of fuch a King , from whom there is no appel- lation ; forafmuch as he acknowledgeth no earthly Superiour in any thing pertaining to pis Royal Jurifdidion; neither oweth he duty, but on y to the King of all Kings, of whom he holdeth by an immediate right The Kings Crown is arched, to iliew its cor- refpondency to the Imperial Heaven; its adorn- ment with precious ftones,as it were with ftars, to reprefent its fplendor ; and its being lined with tiarrs doth declare its honour. The caufe that moved the Egyptians to in- fert a Crown amongft their Sacred or Hiero- glyphical Letters , may not impertinently be exprelfed in this place, where we are to handle their divers forms according to the feveral Dig- nities and Eftates, to whom they do appertain: For asGamefters make but cold fport, when there is no money at flake ; fo knowledge doth oftentimes faint, if it be not feafoned with the Salt of Reafon. In this Hieroglyphick we may obferve the four caufes of the Law : The effi- cient caufe is underftood by the Head of the King that is adorned with this Crown. The final caufe is conceived by the Flowers, or by the profitable ufe of fruit; which how great the fame (in likelyhood) will be, may be con- jectured by the Flowers. The material caufe may be gathered by the context or interlaced form and workmanlhip of the Crown , which carrieth a refemblance of the People or Sub- jects. Finally, by the Orbicular form of the Crown is underftood Juftice ; and amongft Ma- thematicians the Spherical form is reckoned the perfected and moft noble, Farnef. j. 6y. The Prince is to the People the Author of all goodnefs ; inafmuch as from him, as from a plentiful Fountain, doth flow a fweet current of plentiful ftreams of honour, profit and plea- fure : In regard whereof he is reputed to be the Common Parent of all his Subjects, in that he affordeth unto them whatfoever a Natural Parent oweth to his Children. The plattin" of thefe Flowers in the Crown doth reprefent the end of the Law , which end hath its deter- minate period in utility, Farnef. 4. 6%. For that Tree which beareth no bio/Toms , for the moft part produceth no fruit at all, Ibid. Crowns in times paft have been of great value, and fumptuoufly enriched with precious ftones, as we may read 1 Cbro. 20. z. And David took the Crown of their King from off his head, and found it to weigh a Talent of Gold, and there were precious ftones in it. And it was Jet on David' s head. In thefe latter Ages the Emperour elected (before his Coronation ) doth write himfelf King of the Romans, as a title of lefs efteem and dignity than is the Title of Emperour. But in ancient times the Romans had three degrees of Supream Dignity; that is to fay, a King, a Dictator,an Emperour ; and of thefe the Dignity of a King was the chiefeft; and next thereto the Dignity of a Dictator was holden the worthieft ; and after the Dictator- ihip the Eftate of an Emperour held the third place, as inferiour to both the other. Hereof we have a manifeft proof, in that the Senate and People of Rome minding to give untoOtla- vian the Emperour ( being a man well defer- ving Chap. I. A D iff lay of Heraldry. 20 3 ving of them) fome advancement or increafe of honour and dignity, they purpofedto make him Dictator, which he ( reverently bowing his knee) refufed, for that he reputed the fame a Dignity more ambitious , and of greater e- Iteem, and withal more fubjecled tofpiteand envy , efiesming the Title of Emperour to be popular , and of fmall account, in compan- ion of the eminency of a Didtatorfhip. We may eafily perceive by this, that Julius C