w -^ . fa^ ^1' ■i- Digitized by the Internet Arciiive in 2011 with funding from Research Library, The Getty Research Institute http://www.archive.org/details/stateofprisonsinOOhowa ^??/^^(^N. g) us / ■' x^^^ ' ^.v z' THE A E OF THE PRISONS I N ENGLAND and WALES, WITH PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS, ND AN ACCOUNT OF SOME FOREIGN PRISONS. By JOHN HOWARD, F.R. S. ah! little think the gay WHOM PLEASURE, POWER, AND AFFLUENCE SURROUND J HOW MANY PINE IN WANT, AND DUNGEON-GLOOMS. THOMSON. WARRINGTON, PRINTED BY WILLIAM EYRES, MDCCLXXVH. T O THE HONOURABLE THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, IN GRATITUDE FOR THE ENCOURAGEMENT WHICH THEY HAVE GIVEN TO THE DESIGN, AND FOR THE HONOUR THEY HAVE CONFERRED ON THE AUTHOR, THIS BOOK IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED BY THEIR MOST OBEDIENT SERVANT, Cardington, Bedfordshibe, /ipril c,lh, 1777- JOHN HOWARD. CONTENTS. PAGE. Introduction i- Sect. I. General View (j/'Distress in Prisons 7. Sect. II. Bad Customs in Prisons 25. Sect. III. Proposed Improvements z;^ //6^ Structure and Management €, 477- Conclusion 4^7* INTRODUCTION. THE diftrefs of prilbners, of which there are few who have not fome imperfe(ft idea, came more im- mediately under my notice when I was Sheriff of the county of Bedford * ; and the circumflance which ex- cited me to adtivity in their behalf was, the feeing fome, who by the verdidl of juries were declared not guilty, fome, on whom the grand j ury did not find fuch an appearance of guilt as fubjedted them to trial; and fome, whofe profecutors did not appear againft them; after having been confined for months, dragged back to gaol, and locked up again till fhey Ihould pay fundry fees to the gaoler, the clerk of affize, 6cc. * In 1773. INTRODUCTION. In order to redrels this hardfliip, I applied to the juflices of the county for a falary to the gaoler in lieu of his fees. The bench were properly affedled with the grievance, and willing to grant the relief defired : but they wanted a pre- cedent for charging the county with the expence. I there- fore rode into feveral neighbouring counties in fearch of a precedent j but I foon learned that the fame injuftice was pradlifed in them ; and looking into the prifons, I beheld fcenes of calamity, which I grew daily more and more anxi- ous to alleviate. In order therefore to gain a more perfe(fl knowledge of the particulars and extent of it, by various and accurate obfervation, I viiited moft of the County-Gaols in England. Seeing in two or three of them fome poor creatures whofe afpedt was Angularly deplorable, and afking the caufe of it, I was anfwered, " they were lately brought from the Bridewells." This ftarted a frefh fubjedt of inquiry. I re- folved to infpedt the Bridewells : and for that purpofe I tra- velled again into the counties where I had been; and, indeed, into all the reft ; examining Honfes of CorreBion, City and Town-Gaols. I beheld in many of them, as well as in the County-Gaols, a complication of diflrefs : but my attention was principally fixed by the gaol-fever, and ihtfmall-pox, which I faw prevailing to the deftrudlion of multitudes, not only oi felons in their dungeons, but oi debtors alfo. The INTRODUCTION. The gaol-fever is no new fubjed of complaint. I remem- ber Stowe, in his Survey *, fpeaking of the King's-Bench Prifon, fays, that in the fix years preceding the year 1 579, an hundred prifoners died there : and twelve between Mi- chaelmafs and March of the laft-mentioned year, *' through a certain contagion called the Jicknefs of the houfe j" and I {hall prefently have occafion, among the fatal effetis of this diftemper propagated from prifons, and infefting many a- broad, to mention an ancient inftance of that fort alfo. Thefe effeds are now fo notorious, that what terrifies moft of us from looking into prifons, is the gaol-diftemper fO frequent in them. Upon this fubjedl I was examined in the Houfe of Com- mons in March 1774; when I had the honour of their thanks. Soon after that, Mr. Popham, Member for Taun- ton, repeated the humane attempt which had mifcarried a few years before ; and brought in a bill for the relief of pri- foners who fliould be acquitted, refpedling their y^^j-; and another bill for preferving the health of prifoners, and pre- venting the gaol-diftemper. They both pafTed that feflions. By thofe adls, the tear was wiped from many an eye ; and the legiflature had for them ** the blejjmg of matiy that were ready to perijh." * Vol. II. p, 18. B 2 The INTRODUCTION. The great honour done me by the Houfe has excited the curiofity of ibme to inquire what fads I had colleded. This is one reafon of the prefent publication : but it is not the only, nor the principal one. There are ftill remaining many diforders that ought to be redtified : prifoners fuffer great hardfliips, from which I am defirous to fet them free : the gaol-Jrccr is not, as I am perfuaded it may be, totally eradicated. Thefe are my motives for printing this book. I think it will fliew plainly, that much is yet to be done for the regulation of prifons ; and I am not without hope, that the prefent Parliament will finifli what was fo laudably begun by the laft. I WAS called to the firft part of my ta/k by my office. To the purfuit of it I was prompted by the forrows of the fufferers, and love to my country. The work grew upon me infenfibly. I could not enjoy my eafe and leifure in the neglect of an opportunity offered me by Providence of at- tempting the relief of the miferable. The attention of Par- liament to the fubjedt, led me to conclude that fome addi- tional labour would not be loft ; and I extended my plan. The difficulty I found in fearching out evidence of fraud and cruelty in various articles, together with other fburces of diftrefs, obliged me to repeat my vilits, and travel over the kingdom more than oncej and after all, I fufped: that many frauds have been concealed from me ; and that fome- times the intereft of my informants prevailed over their ve- racity. INTRODUCTION. racity. Befidesj as I had in my firfl journeys gathered, from fads and experience, proofs of the mifchievous efFefts of the want of cleanlinefs and frelh air, I had in my latter vifits thefe ftrong arguments to enforce my perfuafions ; and, in confequence, fome gaolers grew at laft more mindful and complying, for the fake not only of their prifoners, but of themfelves and their own families. It was not, I own, without fome apprehenfions of dan- ger, when I firfl vifited the prifons ; and I guarded my- felf by fmelling to vinegar, while I was in thofe places, and changing my apparel afterwards. This I did conftantly and carefully when I began ; but by degrees I grew lefs cautious : not only becaufe ufe abated the force of noxious impreffions upon me, but alfo on account of the alteration made in fome gaols by the adt for prejer'ving the health of prifoners. A perfon may now look into many a prifon with- out gaining an idea of the condition it was in a few years ago. I wifh the reformation to be not for the prefent only, but lafting. If the motive for amendment has any where been merely temporary, there is no doubt but the efFe<3: will ceafe with the caufe : thofe who from fuch inducement have obeyed, will in future follow the example of others who have difregarded the law ; and prifons that have been a- mended will relapfe into their former flatc As INTRODUCTION. As to what is flill wrong, I fet down matter of fadt with- out amplification ,- which would in the end rather impede than promote the objedl of my wifhes ; that is, the correc- tion of what is really amifs. The journies were not undertaken for the traveller's amufement ; and the colledlions are not publifhed for ge- neral entertainment j but for the perufal of thofe who have it in their power to give redrefs to the fufFerers. The writer begs his reader to excufe the frequent ego- tifms i which he did not know how to avoid, without ufing circumlocutions that might have been more difgufting. SECTION SECTION I. GENERAL VIEW OF DISTRESS IN PRISONS. THERE are prifons, into which whoever looks will, at firfl fight of the people confined there, be convinced, that there is fome great error in the management of them : the fallow meagre countenances de- clare, without words, that they are very miferable : many who went in healthy, are in a few months changed to ema- ciated dejedted obje I was fully convinced that many more were deftroyed by it, than were put to death by all the pub- lic executions in the kingdom *. This frequent effedt of confinement in prifon feems generally underftood, and fliews how full of emphatical meaning is the curfe of a fevere cre- ditor, who pronounces his debtor's doom to rot in gaol. I believe I have learned the full import of this fentence, from the vaft numbers who to my certain knowledge, fome of them before my eyes, have periihed in our Gaols. But the mifchief is not confined to prifons-. Not to mention now the number oi Jailors, and oifcvrniltes in Ame- rica, that have been infedled by tranfports, fince this mode of punifhment is by a late adl fufpended. Multitudes catch the diflemper by going to their relatives and acquaintance in the Gaols : many others from prifoners difcharged : and not a few in the courts of judicature. In Baker's Chronicle, page 353, that hiftorian mention- ing the Aflize held in Oxford Caftle 1577 (called from its fatal * I HAVE a Table printed from a large copper-plate, 1772* by Sir Stephen Theodore JanfTen, (hewing the number of malefadtors executed in London for the twenty-three preceding years ; and the crimes for which they fuflered. I will give an abridgement of it in two tables at the end of the book. In them it will be feen, that the total number of executions in London for thofe twenty-three years,, was 678 ; the annual average is between 29 and 30. I leave to others the difcuflion of the queftion, whether thofe executions were too numerous, whether all the crimes D for i8 GENERAL VIEW OF fatal confequence the Black AjJizeJ informs us, that '* all *' who were prefent died within forty hours : the Lord " Chief Baron, the Sheriff", and about three hundred more." Lord Chancellor Bacon afcribes this to a difeafe brought into court by the prifoners j and Dr. Mead is of the fame opinion. The firfl of thefe two authors, Lord Bacon, obferves, that " the moff pernicious infection next the plague, is the '* fmell of the jail ; when the prifoners have been long and " clofe and naftily kept : whereof we have had, in our timet " experience twice or thrice; when both the judges that fat " upon the jail, and numbers of thofe who attended the ** bufmefs, or were prefent, fickened upon it and died." * At the Lent Affize in Taunton, 1730, fome prifoners who were brought thither from Ivelchefler Gaol, infefted the court; and Lord Chief Baron Pengelly; Sir James Sheppard, Serjeant ; John Pigot, Efq. Sheriff", and fome hundreds befides, died of the gaol-diftemper. At Axminfter, for which it was infliftcd (many of which will be diftinftly fet down) were deferving of death. And it may be left to any one to judge, whether, including debtors and petty offenders, the number of thofe that died in the fcveral London prifons of the Gaol-Fever, does not exceed the number of thofe that were executed anhually during that time. — 1 have not the number of executions in all the counties, but am well af- fured it falls flill much fliortcr of the number that perifhcd in prifons. • Naturalliillory, Exp. 914. a little Sect. I. DISTRESS IN PRISONS. 19 a little town in Devonfliire, a "prifoner difcharged from Exeter Gaol in 1755, infeded his family with that difeafe : of which two of them died j and many others in that town afterwards. The numbers that were carried oif by the fame malady in London in 1750, two judges, the lord mayor, one alderman, and many of inferior rank, are too well known to need the mentioning further particulars. Sir John Pringle obferves, that "jails have often been the caufe of malignant fevers j " and he informs us, that in the late rebellion in Scotland, above 200 men of one regiment were infedled with the jail-fever, by feme deferters brought from prifons in England *. Dr. Lind, Phyfician to the Royal Hofpital at Haflar, near Portfmouth, fliewed me in one of the wards a number of failors ill of the gaol-fever ; brought • on board their (hip by a man who had been difcharged fromaprifon in London. The fhip was laid up on the occafion. That gentleman, in his Effay on the Health of Seamen, aflerts, that " The *• fource of infedtion to our armies and fleets are undoubt- " edly the jails ; we can often trace the importers of it " diredlly from them. It often proves fatal in impreffing "men on the hafty equipment of a fleet -f. The firfl: * Obfervations on the Difeafes of the Army, p. 296, and 47. t Page 307. D 2 " Englifh 20 GENERAL VIEW OF " Englilh fleet fent laft war to America, loft by it above " 2000 men." In another place he aflures us, that " the *' feeds of infedlion were carried from the guard-fhips into " our fquadrons — and the mortality, thence occafioned, was "greater than by all other difeafes or means of death put " together." * It were eafy to multiply inftances of this mifchief j but thofe which have been mentioned are, I prefume, fufficient to Hiew, even if no mercy were due to prifoners, that the Gaol-Diftemper is a national concern of no fmall impor- tance. Vicious THE general prevalence and fpread of wickednefs in pri- EXAMTLES. 1111 T /- 1 1 T fons, and abroad by the difcharged prifoners, will now be as eafily accounted for, as the propagation of difeafe. It is often faid, *' A prifon pays no debts j" I am fure it may be added, that a prifon mends no morals. Sir John Fielding obferves, that " a criminal difcharged — generally by the " next fefllons after the execution of his comrades, becomes *' the head of a gang of his own raifing." Improved, no doubt, in fkill by the company he kept in gaol : and petty offenders who are committed to Bridewell for a year or two, and fpend that time, not in hard labour, but in idlenefs and wicked company, or are fent for that time to County-Gaols, • Page 5. generally Sect. I, DISTRESS IN PRISONS. 2i generally grow defperate, and come out fitted, for the per- petration of any villainy. How diredtly contrary this to the intention of our laws with regard to thefe offenders ; which certainly is to corredt and reform them ! Inflead of which, their confinement doth notorioufly promote and in- creafe the very vices it was defigned to fupprefs. Multi- tudes of young creatures, committed for fome trifling offence, are totally ruined tliere. I make no fcruple to affirm, that if it were the wifh and aim of Magiflrates to effed: the de- ftrudtion prefent and future of young delinquents, they could not devife a more effedual method, than to confine them fo long in our prifons, thofe feats and feminaries (as they have been very properly called) of idlenefs and every vice. Shall thefe irregularities, the fources of mifery, difeafe, and wickednefs, be endured in a nation celebrated for good fenfe and humanity ; and who from thefe principles, do t^eat one fort of prifoners with tendernefs and generofity ? I mean prifoners of war. Thefe have provifion in plenty j fome to fpare and fell to the foldiers on guard * : we frequently faw * The daily allowance to fix prifoners was, 9 pounds of bread, 4I pounds of beef, 3 pints of peafe, 6 quarts of beer, Water plenty. On Friday they had not the beef; but a pound and half of butter inftead of it. On board the men of war, indeed, they were upon Ihort allowance. their 22 GENERAL VIEW OF their ftated allowance hung up for their infpedlion. Some prifons had large areas for them to walk in ; and at night every man had a hammock to himfelf. It is the fartheil thing in the world from my wifh to deprive captives of any one of thefe benefits — I am only defirous of feeing the fame humanity fhewn to our own countrymen in diftrefs; fo that a confident and uniform pradlice may prove our benevolence to be a firm and fteady principle ^ and that thofe who are cenforious may find no occafion for afcribing our kind ufage of foreigners to a lefs amiable motive. Here it will be faid, prifoners of war are not felons, nor yet debtors ; and government is fometiines at the end of a war, reimburfed the expence of maintaining them. This latter I believe is fadl: ; and the former is true without dif- pute : we do not look upon foreign enemies, nor they upon us *, as. delinquents : we cut one another to pieces in bat- tle, • I MUST not be underftood to mean here a compliment to the French. How they treat Engliih prifoners of war, I knew by experience in 1756; when a Li/bon pacicet (the Hanover) in which I went paffenger, in order to make the tour of Portugal, was taken by a French privateer. Before wc reached Breft, I fufiered the extremity of thirit, not having for above forty hours one drop of water; nor hardly a morfel of food. In the caftle at Breft, I lay fix nights upon ftraw : and ob- ferving how cruelly my countrymen were ufed there, and at Morlaix, whither I was carried next ; during the two months I was at Carhaix upon parole, I cor- refpondcd with the Engliih prifoners at Breft, Morlaix, and Dinnan : at the laft of thofe towns were feveral of our fliip's crew, End my fervant. I had fufficient eyl- dence of their being treated with fuch barbarity, that many hundreds had perilhcd ; and Sect. I. DISTRESS IN PRISONS. tie, but when that is over we grow cool and compaflionate. I grant there is a material difference in the circumilances of foreign, and domeftic prifoners, but there is none in their nature : debtors and felons, as well as hoftile foreigners, are meUy and by men they ought to be treated as men. Those gentlemen who, when they are told of the mifery which our prifoners fuffer, content themfelves with faying. Let them take care to keep out, prefaced perhaps, with an angry prayer, feem not duly fenfible of the favour of Provi- dence which diftinguifhes them from the fuiferers : they do not remember that we are required to imitate our gra- cious Heavenly Parent, who is " kind to the mtthankful and the evil." They alio forget the viciffitudes of human affairs ; the unexpedled changes to which all men are liable ; and that thofe whole circumflances are affluent, may in time be reduced to indigence, and become debtors and prifoners. and that thirty-fix were buried in a hole at Dinnan in one day. When 1 came to England, ftill on parole, I made known to the Commiffioners of fick and wounded feamen, the iundry particulars ; which gained their attention, and thanks. Remonltrance was made to the French court : our failors had redrcfs : and thofe that were in the three prifons mentioned above, were brought home in the firft cartel fliips. — A La:iy from Ireland, who married in France, had bequeathed in trull with the magillrates of St. M .lo's, fundry charities ; one of which was a penny a day to every Englidi prifoner of war in Dinnan. This was duly paid ; and faved the lives of many brave and ufeful men. Perhaps what I {q^- fered on this occafion, increafed my fyropathy with the unhappy people^ whofe cafe is the fubjed of this book. But ^4 GENERAL VIEW, &c. But it may be faid, enough of the declamatory kind has been written by others. Much it is true, has been written : yet I beg leave to tranfcribe, a few lines from a celebrated author, which may be thought to come under that defcrip- tion. After reprefenting the calamitous cafe of prifoners, he goes on to this purpofe, " The mifery of Gaols is not *' half their evil ; they are filled with every corruption *' which poverty and wickednefs can generate between themj " with all the fhamelefs and profligate enormities that can '* be produced by the impudence of ignominy, the rage of " want, and the malignity of defpair. In a prifon the awe " of the public eye is loft, and the power of the law is ** fpent ; there are few fears, there are no blufhes. The ** lewd inflame the lewd, the audacious harden the auda- " cious. Every one fortifies himfelf as he can againft his " own fenfibility, endeavours to praftife on others the arts " which are pradtifed on himfelf j and gains the kindnefs of " his aflbciates by fimilitude of manners." * BESIDES the grievances already mentioned ; there are feveral i>ad cujioms in Gaols, and relating to them, which aggravate the diftrefs of prifoners. I Ihall enumerate thefe diftincHily, yet concifely. • The Idler, No. 38. SECTION SECTION II. BAD CUSTOMS IN PRISONS. A CRUEL cuftom obtains in moft of our Gaols, which is that of the prifoners demanding of a new comer garnish, footing, or (as it is Garnish. called in fome London Gaols) chummage. " Pay or ftrip," are the fatal words, I fay fatal y for they are fo to fome J who having no money, are obliged to give up part of their fcanty apparel j and if they have no bedding or ftraw to fleep on, contradl difeafes, which I have known to prove mortal. In many Gaols, to the Garnifh paid by the new comer, thofe who were there before make an addition ; and great part of the following night is often fpent in riot and drun- kennefs. The gaoler or tapfter finding his account in this pradlice, generally anfwers queflions concerning it with re- luctance. Of the Garnifh which I have fet down to fundry E prifons. 26 BADCUSTOMS. prifons, I often had my information from prifoners who paid it. But I am aware that the fum is fometimes varied by fets of fucceeding prifoners, and the different circum- ftances of a new comer. la fome Gaols, if a Felon can pay the Debtor's Garnifli (which is commonly more than that of the Felons) he is entitled to partake of the Garnifh paid afterwards by new-come Debtors. In fome places, this demand has been lately waved : in others, flridtly prohibited by the Magiflrates. Gaming, Gaming in various fomis is very frequent : cards, dice, fkittles, Miflifippi and Porto-bello tables, billiards, fives, tennis, &c. In the country the three firll are moft com- mon; and efpecially cards. There is fcarce a County-Gaol but is furniflied with them : and one can feldom go in without feeing prifoners at play. In London, all the forts that I have named are in ufe. I am not an enemy to divert- ing exercife : yet the riot, brawling, and profanenefs, that are the ufual confcquents of their play ; the circumftances of debtors gaming away the property of their creditors,, which I know they have done in fome prifons to a confi- derable amount ; accomplishing themfelves in the frauds of gamblers, who, if they be not themfelves prifoners, are fure to haunt where gaming is praftifed ; hindering their fellow- prifoners who do not play from walking in the yards while they do, of which inconvenience I have heard them complain ; thefe feem to me cogent rcafons for prohi- biting Sect. II. B A D C U S T O M S. 17 biting all kinds of gaming within the walls of a prifon. Loading prifoners with heavy irons, which make Irons^ their walking, and even lying down to fleep, difficult and painful, is another cuftom which I cannot but condemn. In fome County-Gaols the women do not efcape this feve- rity : but in London they do : and therefore it is not ne- cefTary in the country. 'The practice muft be mere tyranny; unlefs it proceed from avarice; which I rather fufpedt ; becaufe county-gaolers do fometimes grant difpenfations, and indulge their prifoners, men as well as women, with what they call " the choice of irons," if they will pay for it. The author of the letter to Sir Robert Ladbroke on pri- fons (particularly on Newgate, which was then to be re- built) cites in page 79, the opinion of Lord Coke, Horn's Mirrorofjiijlice, &c. againft this oppreffion ; and adds af- terwards, " The learned editor of Hale's Hijiory of the Pleas *'ofth€ Crown likewife declares, that fetters ought not to " be ufed, unlefs there is juft reafon to fear an efcape, as •* where the prifoner is unruly, or makes an attempt to that " purpofe ; otherwife, notwithftanding the common prac- " tice of gaolers, it feems altogether unwarrantable, and " contrary to the mildnefs and humanity of the laws of " England, by which gaolers are forbid to put their pri- " foners to any pain or torment." E 2 The 2g BADCUSTOMS. The Gentlemen of the Gaol-Committee, who dlftingulfli- ed themfelves by an accurate and zealous inquiry into the abufes praftifed by gaolers * ; in their Report concerning the Fleet Prifon, 20th March 1728, after mentioning a pe- tition prefented to the Judges by one who had been put in irons by the Wardens, inform us, that the Judges repri- manded the Wardens, and declared, that " a gaoler could ** not anfwer the ironing of a man before he was found ** guilty of a crime." — To the plea which gaolers ufe in defence of this pradlice, that " It is necelTary for fafe cuf- tody," an anfwer may be given in the words of Lord Chief Juftice King (afterwards Lord Chancellor) to the Wardens of the fame prifon, when he forbade dungeons, which they had made ufe of. That Judge declared, " they might raife their walls higher, &c." See the Report of the fame Com- mittee. • This Committee is celebrated by Thomfon, in the following lines of his Winter, 340, &c. edit. 1738. Can I forget the generous few. Who, touch'd with human woe, redreffive fought Into the horrors of the gloomy jail ? Unpitied, and unheard, where mifery moans ; Where ficknefs pines ; — — ^^— ^— — — Hail Patriot Band ! who, fcorning fecret fcorn, When Juftice, and when Mercy led the way, Dragg'd the detefted monfters into light, Wrench'd Sect. II. B A D C U S T O M S. 29 mittee. To what Lord King fuggefted of raijing the walls, one might prefume to add — The number of turnkeys ihould be increafed in proportion to the number of pri- foners *. The Marquis Beccaria, in his EJfay on Crimes and Pu- ni/Joments, page j^, obferves that " Imprifonment being ** only the means of fecuring the perfon of the accufed, " until he be tried — ought — to be attended with as little ** feverity as poflible." The diilrefs occalioned by chains is increafed by Varying the towns where Quarter SefTions and Affizes Varying Towns, are held : fo that prifoners have to walk in irons ten or fifteen miles to their trial : and fometimes to towns that have no prifon : where numbers of both fexes are fhut up together for many days and nights in one room. This oc- Wrencli'd from tlielr hand Oppreffion's iron rod. Much Hill untouch'd remains Much is the Patriot's weeding hand requir'd. • If the daring charaiSler of our felons fliould feem, after all, to make it ne- ceffary to confine them in irons, it would be right, at leaft, to bring them into court for their trial without irons. When I was in Scotland, I was informed that every prifoner there was tried out of irons, and when acquitted, difcharged in open court, calions so BADCUSTOMS. cafions fuch confufion and dijlrefs, and fuch fhrieks and out- cries, as can be better conceived than defcribed. Surely prifoners ought to be conveyed in carts ; or elfe committed at firft to the town where the Sefiions or AlTizes are to be held. And in that town a proper prifon ought to be built. Gaol Gaol DELIVERY is in fome counties but once a Delivery, YEAR. What reparation can be made to a poor creature for the mifery he has fuffered by confinement in a prifon near twelve months (fometimes twice as long) before a trial, in which perhaps he is at lafl declared by his country not guilty f The judicious Marquis whom I quoted but now afferts, that " Privation of liberty being a punifliment, " ought not to be inflidled before condemnation, but for as ** flaort a time as poflible." And in cafes of guilt, his doc- trine is, " The more immediately after the commiiTion of a ' " crime, a punifhment is inflidted, the more jufl and ufeful ** it will be." This fentiment is illustrated by a variety of acute remarks in the chapter of the Advantage of immediate Piinifimcnt. One caufe of Gaol Delivery being fo feldom, is info?ue places the expence of entertaining the Judges and their reti- jiue. At Hull they ufed to have the Affize but once in {even Sect. II. BAD CUSTOMS. 51 feven years. Peacock a murderer was in prifon there near three years : before his trial the principal witnefs died j and the criminal was acquitted. They now have it once in three years. Although acquitted prifoners are by the late ad in their favour* cleared of Gaolers Fees ; they are ftill fubjedl to a fimilar demand made by clerks of assize and Clerks of Assize, &c. clerks of the peace -[•; and detained in prifon feveral days after their acquittal — at Affize, till the Judges — at Quarter Seffions, till the Juftices of Peace leave the town; in order to obtain thofe fees, which the gentlemen fay arc not cancelled by the adt. And yet the exprefs words of it are. Acquitted prifoners " fhall be immediately fet at large in open court." Since the faid adt the Clerks of Affize in fome circuits have ftarted a new demand upon the gaoler for the Judges * 14th George III. t See the Table of the Fees of the Clerk of Affize at the end of the book. The Clerk of the Peace in one county demands as follows ; For larceny and acquitted, £^\ : 7:0 Petty larceny, i : 8:4 ^VTlrpped publicly, i : 3:4 Baftardy, o : 17 : 4 certificate 2i BADCUSTOMS. certificate of acquitment J viz. fix fliillings and eight-pence for the firfi: prifoner acquitted ; and a fhilling for each of (the reft : or two fhillings for every one, I know fome of .thefe gentlemen do not make any fuch demand. Where it is made, fome gaolers refufe to pay it ; others fubmit mur- muring. I have copies of two receipts given by the Clerk of the Weftern circuit to the gaolers of Exeter and Salilbury *. I WAS informed at Durham, that Judge Gould at the Afiize 1775 ^^^'^ ^fine of fifty pounds on the gaoler for dc' taming fome acquitted prifoners, for the fees of the Clerk of Affize. But upon the interceflion of the Bifhop (pro- prietor of the Gaol) the fine was remitted ; and the prifon- ers fet at large : the Judge ordering the Clerk of Affize to explain to him in London the foundation of his demand. One pretence for detaining acquitted prifoners is, that ^' It is poffible other indictments may be laid againfl them ♦ One of them is as follows, *< RECEIVED I April 1775 of Mr. Sherry gaoler one pound eight (hillings and " 8 pence for his certificate entitling him to his gaol fees for the county of Devon " per » •••••• •" Clerk of the Affize. " "Th e gaoler told me this was for twenty-three acquitted prifoners. ** before Sect. IL BAD CUSTOM S. 33 " before the Judge leaves the town." I call it a pretence, becaufe it is often waved upon paying the fees. Another is, the gaoler tells you, " He takes them back to knock off their irons." But this may be done in court : in London they have an engine or block, by the help of which they take off the irons with cafe in a minute or two ; the ma- chine is brought into court, and the acquitted prifoner is immediately difcharged. If, according to what I formerly propofed, prifoners were tried out of irons, this pretext would be entirely removed. Clerks of Affize, and of the Peace, ought moft cer- tainly to have a confideration for their fervice to the public : and I do not wifli to leffen many other emoluments of thofe gentlemen. The only thing I complain of is, what I am led to by my fubjed:, the demand that is made diredly or indiredlly upon prifoners. Some eaolers live distant from the prifon, in houfes Gaolers O ■* _ NON-RESI- that do not belong to the county. Non-refidence is not deki. confiftent with the attention that is requifite for fecuring the prifoners ; and preferving good order, cleanlinefs, &c. Debtors crowd the Gaols (efpecially thofe in Lon- Wh^^es^and don) with their wives and children. There are often by this means, ten or twelve people in a middle-fized room : increafmg the danger of infediony and corrupting the mo- F ^^als 34 BAD C-U S T O M S. rals of children. This point ought (no doubt) to be treated with tendernefs. Man and wife fliould not be totally fepa- rated. Yet the little probability there is of an induftrious woman being of much fervice to her family in a prifon : the number of men in the fame room j and of lewd women admitted under the name of wives i prove that this affair needs fome regulation. Gaols Some Gaols are private property : in thefe the Private PRorERTy. keepers, proteded by the proprietor*, and not fo fubjedt as other gaolers to the controul of magiflrates, are more apt to abufe their prifoners, when a temptation offers. One of thefe Gaols fome years ago was quite out of repair, and un- fafe; and the proprietor not chooling to repair it, the gaoler to confine his prifoners took a method, that to all who faw it was really fliocking. Some years before that, a prifoner in another of thefe Gaols was tormented with thumb-fcrews. The grand jury took up the cafe, and remonflrated to the proprietor; but in vain. I had the account from a worthy friend of mine, who was upon that very jury. OF the complaints which I have hitherto made only in general terms, I fliall give inflances in the account of par- ticular prifons. To that account I refer, for evidence and NUMBER Sect. II. .Nj NUMBER OF PRISONERS, TN the Spring 1776, I fummed up carefully the total -"- number of prifoners in the fundry prifons. I have not altered the lift lince my latter vifits, in which I faw the number in feveral prifons greatly reduced by the infolvent Ail. My lift was as follows. 1. IN Middlefex, i.e. London and Weftminfter ; together with three prifons in Southwark, viz. the Kifigs-Bench, Mar- jloalfea, and Borough-Compter, 2. In the other thirty - nine counties of England, 3. In the twelve counties of Wales, 4. In City and Town-Gaols, Debtors. Felons, &c. Petty Oflfenders. Total, 1274 228 194 1696 IS^ 617 459 1828 ^7 27 94 344 122 653 466 2437 994 4084 Petty Offenders in the Welch County-Goals, blank in the third column, third line, are included in the preceding number of Felons 27 : moft of the Goals in thofe counties being alfo the County-Bridewells. F 2 Petty 36 NUMBER OF PRISONERS. Petty Offenders, blank in third column, fourth line, are included in the number 459 of Petty Offenders in the thirty-nine County-Gaols j and in the number 122, fecond column fourth line. All that were in the County-Gaols befides Debtors, I have reckoned in the lift of Felons. Although many were Petty Offenders and Fines. In the third column, under Petty Offenders are included a few Felons occalionally committed to Bridewells. I HAVE found by carefully examining fundry Gaols, that upon an average tii^o dependants (by which I mean wives and children only*) may be alligned to each man in prifon. My computation is confirmed by the account which we have from the Benevolent Society at the Thatched Houfe, Odlober 9th, 1776, as follows. Since their inftitution in 1772, Difcharged Debtors,. 3980 Who had Wives, 2193 And Children, 6288 Perfons immediately benefited,, 12461 • I DO not include P*?/-/*/.', many of whom I have fcen forrowfulLy attending at prifons, and deeply fharing in the diftrefs arifing from the confinement of their children. And Sect. II. NUMBER OF PRISONERS. And by the account from the Brijiol Society -, who in their lift publifhed May 31ft, 1775, have Perfons difcharged, 72 Their Wives, 45 Children, 120 Total, 238 Each of thefe totals is confiderably larger than the re- fpedlive produfts of multiplication by my rule: the firft exceeds by 521, the latter by 19. There is indeed com- monly a furplus among Debtors ; but a deficiency among Felons, &c. reduces the average of Dependants to that which I ftated. If then to the total number in England and Wales,. that is, 4084 You add twice that number of Dependants, 8168 The number of the diftreffed is, 12252- IT appears from the foregoing Table of Prifoners, that their number has been greatly magnified by conjedlural computations ; but furely the real number, with that of thofe partaking their diftrefs, is an objed well worthy the farther attention of the Legiflature. SECTION SECTION III. PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STRUCTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF PRISONS, HOWEVER fanguinary the wifh of an angry cre- ditor may be when he arrefls and imprifons his debtor ; there is no doubt but every one who liftens, not to his paflions, but to reafon, mail: know, and will own, that it is a flagrant crime to take away the life of a man for debt : and as to felony, a Gaol is not defigned for the final punifhment even of that ; but for the fafe cuf~ tody of the accufed to the time of trial ; and of convids till a legal fentence be executed upon them. The laws of England do not fuffer private executions. No condemned malefador may be fecretly put to death ; nor murdered in a prifon direftly or indiredlly : much lefs ought thofe to be deftroyed there whofe fentence does not affedl their life. Their deftrudtion is not only unjuft; it is inconfiftent with prudence Sect. III. PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. 39 prudence and found policy. They might no doubt be ufe- ful at home or abroad j if proper care were taken in prifon, to keep them healthy and fit for labour: but certain it is, that many of thofe who furvive their long confinement, are by it rendered incapable of working. Some of them are grtevoufly affected with fcorbutic diftempers ; others have their toes mortified *, or quite rotted from their feet; many inftances of which I have fecn. If one who has turned King's Evidence, or has been barely acquitted upon trial, terrified by his narrow efcape, feeks for honeft employment ; he is commonly fuch a fick- ly milerable objedl that no one will fet him to work. That, I believe, is the principal caufc of his being rejedted ; for there are feveral forts of labour that require but little confi- dence : yet the poor acquitted prifoner fliall go from door to door afking for work, in vain. Is it not to be lamented, that every fpark of good intention, inftead of being cherilh- ed, fhould be thus exthiguiped,} And that the penitent fliould by an almoft irrefiitible necefiity be driven again, though reludtant, to the practice which foon brings him * Mess".' Stephenfon and Randolplvof Briftol, Contra£lors for Tranfport Con- vifts, complained of this to Mr. Biggs, gaoler at Salifbury, in their letter to him Sept. 13, 1774. " Sore feet proved very fatal. The mortality we met with in our " kftfhip, if repeated in this, will fo furfeit us, that we fhall never take another. " We loll an imnienfe fum by them ; and our Ihip is detained to this moment under *' quarantine." back 40 PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. •back to his former manfion ^ and fliortens a wretched life, that might have been, that fain would have been, an ufeful one ? In order to redrefs thefe various evils, the firft thing to be taken into confideration is the Prifon itfelf. Many Coun- ty-Gaols and other Prifons are fo decayed and ruinous, or, for other reafons, fo totally unfit for the purpofe, that new ones mufl be built in their {lead. Others are very incom- modious, but may be improved upon the ground about them, which is occupied by the keeper, or not ufed at all. Some need little more than a thorough repair. In order to give what little afliflance I can to thofe who muft build a new County-Gaol, 1 will take the liberty to fuggefl what hath occurred to ms upon this head, in hopes that fome more ikilful hand will undertake the generous and benevo- lent talk of carrying to perfedion a icheme of which I can only draw the outlines. I fliall firft fay fomething of the SITUATION. A COUNTY-GAOL, and indeed every prifon, fliould be built on a fpot that is airy, and if pofiible near a river, or brook. I have commonly found prifons fituated near a river t thecleaneft and moft healthy. They generally have Sect. III. PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. 41 have not (they could not well have) fubterraneous dun- geons, which have been deftrudlive to thoufands : and by their nearnefs to running water, another evil, almoft as noxious, is prevented, that is, the llench of fewers. I SAID a Gaol fliould be near a flream; but I mufl anneji this caution ; that it be not fo near as that either the houfe or yard fliall be within the reach of floods. This circum- fiance was fo little thought of at Appleby in Weftmoreland, when their new Gaol was built, that I faw the walls marked from nine inches to three feet high by floods. If it be not pradicable to build near a ftream, then an eminence fliould be chofen : for as the walls round a prifon- yard mufl: be fo high as greatly to obflrua: a free circulation of air } this inconvenience fhould be leflened by a rifino- ground : and the prifon fhould not be furrounded by other buildings, nor built in the middle of a town or city. G ' PLAN. 42 PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. N, THE annexed engra,ving reprefents fuch a plan for a prifon as, according to my ideas, unites the greateft: advantages with regard to health, order, aad fecurity. By the afliftance of the references it will explain itfelf better than can be done by a verbal defcription. I fhall only fub- join a few general remarks on fome particulars in the ftruc- tare. THAT part of the building which is detached from the walls, and contains the men-felons ward, may be fquare. Arcades, or recflangular, raifed on arcades,^ that it may be more airy, and leave under it a dry walk in wet weather. Wards over arcades are alfo beft for fafety, for I have found that efcapes have been moil commonly effected by undermining cells * and dungeons. If the felons fhould find any other means to break out of this raifed ward, they will flill be ftopt by the wall of the yard. • When I went into Horftiam Gaol with the keeper, we faw a heap of ftones and rubbilh. The felons had been two or three days undermining the founJation of their room, and a general efcape was int^ded that night. We were but juil in time to prevent it; for it was almoft night when wc went in. Our lives were at their Wfrcy ; but (thank God) they did not attempt to murder us, and rulh out. I WISH Sect. III. PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. 43 I WISH to have, fo many fmall rooms or cabins in this Small ■' Rooms. • ward, that each criminal may fleep alone*. If it be diffi- cult to prevent their being together in the day-time, they fhould by all means be feparated at night. Solitude and li- lence are favourable to refledlion ; and may poffibly lead them to repentance. Privacy and hours of thoughtfulnefs are neceflary for thofe who muft foon leave the world ; and in the Old Newgate there were fifteen cells for perfons in this iituation, which are ftill left ftanding, with the defign of annexing them to the new building. The like provifion for fuch as return to fociety, cannot be lefs needful. One of the writers cited in the note, Bifliop Butler, affirms that it is much more fo, ** fince it muft be acknowledged, of " greater confequence in a religious, as well as civil refpeft, ** how perfons live than how they die." Tbe feparation I am pleading for, especially at night, would prevent efcapes, or make them very difficult : for that is the time in which they are generally planned, and effecfted. Another reafon for feparation is, that it would free gaolers from a difficulty of which I have heard them complain : they hardly know where to keep criminals ad^ * See the importance of this Reparation ftrongly urged in a letter to Sir Robert Ladbroke, printed for Oliver, 1771. See alfo a Spital Sermon of Bifliop Butler preached before the Magiftrates of London, April 14th, 1750, particularly page zoth, &c. And Mr. Hanway's 8th. loth. and zzd Letttrs in his book entitled The Defers of Police the Caufe of Immorality, Sec. G 2 mitted M PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. King's mitted to be evidence for the Kins:. Thefe would be mur- EVIDENCE. dered by their accomplices if put among them ; and in more than one prifon, I have feen them, for that reafon, put in the women's ward. Where there are oppofite windows they fhould have ihutters ; but thefe fhould be open all day. In the men- felons ward there fhould be no glafs j nor fhould the pri- foners be allowed to flop the windows with ftraw, &c. Women- The women-felous fliould be quite feparate from the men * : and young criminals from old and hardened of- fenders. Each of thefe three clafTes fljould alfo have their day-room or kitchen j and their court-yard and offices all feparate. Every court fhould be paved for the more convenient wafhing it ; and have a good pump, or pipes laid in ; both Tump. if pofiible : and the Pu//ip anti Pipes fhould be repaired as foon as they need it ; otherwife the Gaols will foon be of- fenfive and unwholefome, as I have always found them to be in fuch cafes. A fmall flream conftantly running in the • By art Aft made in Ireland, 3d of his prefent Majcfty, it is enafleJ, " That in •' all Gaols hereafter to be built, there may be dilHnft apartments for the men and " women; and that all Gaolers, whofc Gaols will at prefent admit of fuch a dif- " tin£tion, may be obliged to feparate and keep apart the different fexes." yard Sect. III. PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. 45 yard is very defireable. In a room or flied near the pump or pipe, there Ihould be a Bath* (as there is in County- Bath. Hofpitals) to wafla prifoners that come in dirty, or grow dirty afterwards. It fliould be filled every morning, and let oft in the evening through the privies into the drains. There fliould alfo be a copper in the ihed, to heat a quan- tity of water fufficient to warm that in the bath; for wafh- ing thofe that are fickly. There fliould likewife be an Oven: nothing fo effedlually deflroys vermin in cloaths and Oven. bedding, nor purifies them fo thoroughly when tainted with infedlion, as being a few hours in an oven moderately heated -f-. The Infirmary or fick wards fhould be in the mofi: airy Infirmary. part of the yard, quite detached from the reft of the Gaol, and raifed on arcades. In the middle of the floor of each room there fliould be a grate of twelve or eighteen inches fquare, for a current of air ; covered with a fliutter or hatch at night. The fame contrivance might alfo be convenient in the other wards. Befides the grate, it is neceflary to have in the wards, but efpecially in thofe of the infirmary. Hand- Venti- Ventilators to frefhen them every day. This machine is of excellent ufe when mofl wanted, and when the . wind or fail-ventilator is of no fervice, that is, in calm weather^ * 14th George III. Cap. XLIII. \ See Dr, Llnd's Eflay on the Health of Seamen, p. 320 and 336. Dodror LATORS, 46 PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. Do(5tor Hales, on the fubjedl, page 12, fliews that it will fupply fcventy-five tons of air in a minute. The infirmary and fheds will not render the yard unfafe, provided the walls have parapets, or fmall chevaux defrifc: Separation ofDebtors Debtors and felons rnould have wards totally feparate : andFelons, the peace, the cleanlinefs, the health and morals of debtors cannot be fecured otherwife. The Acft 22d and, 23d Charles II. Chapter 20, requires this feparation at night ; that debtors may not be difturted by the curfes and other pro- fane language of felons : " Be it enafted,— That they Yliall *' be put, kept, and lodged feparate and apart one from " another, in diftind: rooms." TJiefe words do perhaps in the ftridl conftrudtion imply no more than no(5turnal fepara- tion. But furely it is a far greater mifchief for debtors to be annoyed and corrupted by the wicked converfation of felons all day long, than to be difturbed by it in the night- time. I am not deligning to infer from hence, nor yet from -the character of the Gentlemen who compofed that Parliament, that the Adl fliould be conftrued according to my view of the argument ; or to what I conjedlure was their intention, I know it is wrong to explain laws by fuch a vague principle as the fuppofed fpirit of them. But it feems to me neceflary that there fhould be a total feparation. Thefe different forts of prifoners are indeed generally feparated at night. I do not recoiled more than two or three Gaols where Sect. III. PROPOSED LMPROVEMENTS. 47 where they lodge together, viz. Brecon, Portfmouth, the Borough-Compter, aud Clerkenwell Bridewell. I mull now add TothillRelds Bridewell, where petty debtors are confined, becaufe Weftminlter Gatehoufe is taken down. Conflant feparation is defirable : the Gaol will by that means be kept cleaner : and if the fmall-pox, or the gaol- fever, Ihould infed: one ward, the other at a diilance may be free from it. This would alfo remove the objedlion that is now made againfl: permitting debtors to work : that is, the danger of their furnifhing felons with tools for mifchief, or efcape. In the debtors ward there fhould be a day-room or kitchen; alfo a large Work-Jloop for fuch as are willing to Work-shop. work. Some few Gaols have the latter ; and in them I have feen chair-makers, flioe-makers, &c. employed in their feveral trades -, preferving their habit of induftry ; contributing to the fupport of their families ; and lighten- ing the burthen that by their imprifonment falls on the re- fpeflive parifhes. Prisoners indidled for felony fhould not be compelled to work. But I have heard many of them wifhing they might be permitted to earn fomething for their more com- fortable fupport. In fome few Gaols they have this privi- lege, as at Exeter, Norwich, &c. Women- 48 PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. Women- Debtors. Women-debtors fliould have a ward, a court, a pump, &c. to themfelves : and no communication fliould be al- lowed between the two fexes. Debtors The Word for Mcti-Debfors fliould alio be over arcades, W A R D • and placed on one fide of the gaoler's houfe. This houfe fliould be in or near the middle of the Gaol, with windows to the felons and the debtors court-yard. Chajel. a chapel is jieceflary in a Gaol. I have chofen for it what feems to me a proper fituation. It fliould have a gal- lery for debtors or women ; and the refl: may be feparated below. Bibles and prayer-books fliould be chained at con- venient diftances on each fide : thofe who tear or otherwife damage them fliould be puniflied. REGULA- . y 7///m'f-/ ' ^/ r // v^ (fjf/'/:j A FLAKjora COrXTY GAOZ Fro//M'Gno/e/sHonJeSc7)(f)for.f JVmv/. lyo/i/ o/Mf// Fe/oj/s H7frd. O/ifnr/ri yi / rr f ////. ^j^, Y'//,^ avU.,M /A>/m,-f,„„ y'^/,, z;/*,.^, /„ /.r,Ur„„',u,//,//Ly„„„,/: i„w.ry'''yf;:„.,„;:,. m Sect. IIL PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. 49 REGULATIONS. WITHOUT a due attention to the oecononiy and go- vernment of a Prifon, it is evident that no contri- vance of ftrudture can fecure it from being the abode of wickednefs, difeafe, and mifery ; I fhall therefore offer a few hints for the better regulation of a Gaol. THE firfl care muft be to find a good man for a Gaoler j Gaoler. one that Is honeft, adllve, and humane. Such was Abel Dagge, who was formerly keeper of Briflol Newgate. I re- gretted his death, and revere his memory. This officer muft be fober himfelf, that he may, by ex- ample, as well as authority, reftrain drunkennefs, and other vices in his prifon. To remove a ftrong temptatiQU to the H contimy, 5© PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. contrary, it is highly requifite that no Gaoler, Turnkey, or other fervant be fuffered to hold the Tap ; or to have any connexion, concern, or intereft whatever in the fale of li- quors of any kind. Gaolers who hold, orlet, the tap, find their account in not only conniving at, but promoting drunkennefs and midnight revels. What profligate and de- bauched company of both fexes, do we fee let into our Gaols, that the tap may be kept running! Befidcs this, the Gaoler's intereft in the fale of liquors, may prompt him to be partial in his behaviour to his prifoners ; to treat at leaft with negledt, thofe who are poor and have nothing to fpend i which is the cafe of far the greater number : while he (hall carefs difhoneft debtors, who take fhelter in a prifon, in order to live there in riot upon the property of their creditors.. I KNOW that by the ftatute of 32d George 11. a Debtor has a right to fend out of the Gaol for liquor and other ne- ceffaries*. This is a very judicious provifion ; and very be- neficial to prifoners where they have the full and free ufe of it. But fome Gaolers there are, who find ways to reftrain this privilege, for the profits of their tap : whereas if Gaol- ers were prohibited from all concern in the fale of liquor, this would not only remove that check, and reftore to pri- foners the free enjoyment of the liberty they are entitled to -, * " At his free will and picafure, to fend for, or to have brought to him—- at fea- " fonable times in the day time, any beer,, ale, viiluals, or any other taeceflary food." but Sect. III. PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. but would alfo be the means of fuppreffing much Ititernpe- rance ; and perhaps of entirely abolifliing Gm'niJIj, as well as Clubs or night affociations. That it is neceffary to deprive Gaolers of all profits arifing from the Tcip, I am convinced, not by mere fpecu- lation, but by what I have learned from converfation with Gaolers themfelves. I aiked two of them, whom I found candid and intelligent, ** what they thought would be the " moft likely means of effedting a thorough reformation in " Gaols." The anfwer I had from both, was to this pur- pofe, " Let no licences be granted for felling beer or wine ** in Gaols : let it be made fome other way worth our while *' to keep them." Gaolers Ihould have falaries proportioned to the trufl and trouble j fmce no office, if faithfully and humanely ad- miniflered, better deferves an adequate encouragement : yet not fo much as to raife them above attention to their duty, and the daily infpedlion of their Gaols, The Gaol-Comi7iittee, which I have mentioned before, in their Report of the Marfhalfea Prifon, 14 May 1729, after enumerating many mifchiefs which they found had been occafioned by the Gaoler's holding or letting the tap, draw the following conclufion ; *' This fhews the inconveniency " of the Keepers having the advantage of the Tap-houfe, " lince to advance the rent thereof, and to confume the li- H 2 " quors 52 PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. " quors there vended, they not only encourage riot and " drunkennefs, but alfo prevent the needy prifoner from *' being fupplied by his friends with the meer neceflaries of " life, in order to encreafe an exorbitant gain to their " tenants." When I was in Ireland (January 1775) I found, not without fome furprife, that no liquors were fold in any of the prifons which I faw. Upon inquiry, I learned that there is an A6t againft it, made in the third year of his pre- fent Majefty *. No Prifoner fhould be a Turnkey. It is the Gaoler's duty to infpe<5l the wards himfelf every day, and not to leave this to fervants -f. The Magijhates of * The preamble runs thus, " Whereas many frauds and abufcs ha\-e been com- " mitted by Gaolers---brewing of drink, and baking of bread, which they oblige " their prifoners to take from them at their own rates— Be it enafted— that no " Gaoler or any perfon in truft for him, fliall brew or bake in the Gaol— -or in any " place— for fale, or keep any ihop for the felling of bread, or beer, or ale, or " other liquors, under the penalty of five pounds for every fuch oiFence." •f- In my firft journeys many County-Gaolers excufed themfelves from going with me into the Felons Ward. In one County-Gaol the Felons told me once and again that the Gaoler had not been in their ward for months. I would not have quoted a report from Felons, if the Turnkey, who was prcfent, had not confirmed their teftimony. Glafgow Sect. III. PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. 53 Glafgow * have exprefsly ordered that " The Gaoler every " morning and evenmg, at the opening of, and before the *' (hutting up the prifon, fliall perfonally vifit every room ** and place therein." He mufl encourage and promote cleanlinefs. For this reafon an old or infirm man fliould not be a Gaoler : when that is the cafe, all is commonly dirty. He fhould be compaffionate to the fick. If he is ordered to diflribute the allowance, he muft do juftice to the county or city, and to his prifoners, by giving to the latter the full ftated quantity. I HAVE faid before, a Gaoler (Tiould not live at a diftance from his prifon -f. He fliould not only refide on the fpot, but be conftantly at home. Prifoners generally take advan- tage from his abfence. For this reafon, no Keeper of a Prifon fhould be a Sheriff's Officer. Such are very often Sheriff's abroad ; and fome of them have acknowledged to me, that * I OUGHT not here to omit my grateful acknowledgment of the politenefs and civility of thefe Gentlemen, who, on my vifit to the place in January 1775, did me the honour of prefenting me with the freedom of the city, in a manner truly hofpi- table and obliging. •|- The bad confequences of a contrary police I have often feen and lamented; particularly at Dublin Newgate, their 54 PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. their bufinefs as Officers was incompatible with their duty as Gaolers. CiiAi'LAiN, I HAD the pleafure to find a Chaplain appointed to moll of the County-Gaols J in confequence of the Ad: made 13th of his prefent Majefty. When this office is vacant, it be- hoves Magiftrates not to take the firll Clergyman who of- fers his fervice, without regarding his real charader. They fhould choofe one who is in principle a Chrijlian : who will not content himfelf with officiating in public ; but will converfe with the prifoners ; admonifli the profligate j exhort the thoughtlefs ; comfort the fick ; and make known to the condemned that Mercy which is revealed in the GofpeL In the Life of Bernard Gilpin, page 173, the writer, fpeaking of his labours, informs us, that " where-ever he ** came, he ufed to vifit all the Jails and places of confine- *' ment -, few in the kingdom having at that time * any ap- '* pointed Minifter." And by his affectionate addrefs " he • In the reign of Queen Mary, this faithful Minifter if the Goffel was to have been a facrifice : but in his journey from Durham to London, where he expefted to fufFer, his leg was broken by a fall from his horfe ; and by that circumflance Provi- dence faved him from the fiery trial : for the bigotted Queen died before his recovery. In the next reign he was promoted to the rich living of Houghton in Northumber- land : and it was there he laboured, as is faid above. *'is Sect. III. PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. 55 " is faid to have reformed many very abandoned perfons in ** thofe places."^ In fome prifons where there is a Chaplain appointed, no worfhip is fixed for Sunday : in fome where that day is fix- ed, the Chaplain, choofing his hours, comes fometimes too foon in the morning, fometimes between morning and even- ino- fervice, at the prifoners dinner-time : in fome there is no fixed day at all. It would be proper to have fermon and prayers once at leafl on the Lord's Day : and prayers two fixed days in the week befides. And if a Chapter of the New Tejlament were read daily in order by one of the pri- foners to the reft, or by the Gaoler *, before the diftribu- tioa of prifon allowance, the time would not be mifpent. The reader, if a prifoner, might be allowed a fmall weekly penfion. The Gaoler fhould not, as fome do, hinder any prifoner from attending divine fervice. He ought to re- move every hindrance : and, on Sunday efpecially, no vi- fitants fhould be admitted during that time. Vifitants who are there before, fliould go out or attend. Upon afking at more places than one, " why there were fo few prifoners at prayers," I have been anfwered, " they are drinking with their friends." The Gaoler fhould be conllant at Chapel with his prifoners -, and fet a good exam^ « • See Mr. Smith's Praaice at Tothillfields, V/eftminfter. pie 56 PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. pie for them to follow. The Chaplain who officiates in the Gaol may alfo be employed at the Bridewell, where the dif- tance will allow ; and preach once a Sunday in each prifon. It perhaps will be faid, that I propofe a great deal of duty to thefe gentlemen. The Adt juft recited allows a fum tiot exceeding fifty pounds a year for their fervices. Many counties have fixed that falary ; but I fhould hope that Clergymen might be found who would adl from a much nobler motive, a regard to the moft important interefts of their fellow-creatures. SuRCEOK. THE late A(5t for preferring the health of prifoners re- quires that an experienced Surgeoi or Apothecary be appointed to every Gaol : a man of repute in his profelTion. His bu- finefs is, in the firft place, to order the immediate removal of the fick to the Infirmary. Their irons fhould be taken off; and they fliould have, not only medicines, but alfo diet fuitable to their condition. He muft diligently and daily vifit them himfelf; not leaving them to journeymen and apprentices. He fliould conftantly inculcate the necef- fity of cleanlinefs and frefh air ; and the danger of crowding prifoners together. I need not add, that he muft report to the Juftices at each Quarter Seflions, a ftate of the health of the prifoners under his care. At Newgate there are commonly about two hundred pri- foners. Sect. III. PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. 57 foners. Here the danger to them, and to the city from them, is great. To this capital priibn in the metropolis, the Magiilirates would, in my humble opinion, do well to appoint a Pbyjician, a Siirgeoji, and Apothecary. One of the two latter to vifit each ward in the prifon every day. The two Compters are near enough • to be taken care of by the fame gentlemen ; and they need to be vifited as con- ilantly. This attention would, in all probability, prevent the fpread of any infedlious difeafe in thofe Gaols ; and flop the mouths of County-Gaolers, who, when their prifons are infedled, tell you (as I have often heard them) " The *' diftemper was brought from Newgate by prifoners re- *' moved from thence by hqpeas corpus." NO Prifoner fhould be fubjedl to any demand of Fees. Fees. The Gaoler ihould have a falary in lieu of them -, and fo fhould the Turnkeys. Their wages fhould not be included in the Gaoler's falary : and not only their pay, but the number of them necefiary for each prifon, Ihould be deter- mined by the Magiftrates. Neither of thofe articles fliould be left to the interefted appointment of a Gaoler. If fees be not aboliflied, I am fure they ihould be reduced ; and fo fluould the Chamber Rents for Mailer-fide Debtors. In this matter (of the Chambers) another regulation is alfo need- ful ; that is, no middle-lized room iliould have more beds than two. The bedding and other furniture ihould be fpe- cified as to articles and value. I For 58 PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. Free For Cofiwion-Jide Debtors there fhould be a ward entirely Ward. free : they fliould not be fubjed: to any demand of rent j as in many prifons they are. Thefe prifoners fliould either be alimented by their creditors without expence and delay ; or have from the county the fame allowance of every kind (at leafl) as felons : food, bedding, and medicine. NESS. Cleanli- in order to cleanliness, than which fcarce any thing in the whole oeconomy of a Gaol is of more importance, every ward and room fliould be well fcraped ; and then wafhed with lime and water during the adl of effervefcence*, at leafl twice a year; juil after the Lent and Summer Afiize. Each ward and room fhould be fwept, and waflied, every day, by the refpedlive inhabitant; and fome times with hot vinegar. Idle Gaolers affedt to excufe their negligence in this refpedl, by pretending that daily wafhing would make the rooms too damp, and endanger the health of prifoners. This is mere pretence : the q^cQ. is diredlly contrary. There is not in England a prifon more healthy, confidering the number of prifoners of the loweft fort, than Tothil/fields Brideivell ; where the rooms are waflied every day. The prifoners do the work by turns : and the healthinefs of the prifon is a demonftration, that no inconvenience, but great benefit, is the confequence. In Newgate, the prifoner who fweeps the ward has a double allowance of bread. Every • This is called Lime-white, although whiting is not an ingredient in it. prifoner Sect. III. PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. 59 prifoner fliould be obliged to wafli his hands and face before he comes for his daily allowance ; and to keep himfelf as neat as circumftances will admit *. I have faid before, there Ihould be plenty of water in a prifon j and need not add now, that prifoners fhould conftantly have free and eafy accefs to it. Every prifoner who comes to Gaol dirty, fliould be wafhed in the cold or warm bath j and his cloaths fliould be put into the oven, in a lack, on a pair of iron dogs. He Ihould be provided with coarfe wafhing cloaths to wear while his own are thus purifying : wafliing cloaths fhould "be kept ready in the Gaol for this purpofe. Each prifoner fhould have a clean fhirt once a week. There fhould be in each ward a towel on a roller clean every day. Pails, mops. • Sir John Pringle, in his lad Anniverfary Dlfcourfe at the Royal Society, Oft the fubjeft of Captain Cook's fuccefsful care of the (hip's crew in his Voyage round the World ; and the medal defervedly adjudged to him on that account, has the following paffage at page 26. " It is well known how much Cleanlinefs conduces " to health ; but it is not fo obvious how much it alfo tends to good order and other " virtues. That diligent officer was perfuaded-~that Aich men as he could induce " to be more cleanly than they were difpofed to be of themfelves, became at the " fame time more fober, more orderly, and more attentive to their duty," This remark is confirmed by an obfervation in the Speilator, No. 631, " Several " vices, deftrudlive both to mind and body, are inconfiftent with the habit of *' Cleanlinefs." I 2 brooms. 6o PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. brooms, foap, vinegar, and fuel for the oven, fhould be fupplied by the county or town : otherw^ife Gaols will never be kept clean and wholefome. No ftable or dunghill fhould be fuffered in the yard * ; nor any fowls kept there, which I have often feen not only in the yards, but alfo in the rooms of many prifons. Sweep- ings, afhes, &c. fliould be taken away every week. Bedding. IF the bedding is ftraw, it fhould be put in coarfe can- vafs ; if it is not fo enclofed, it ought to be changed every week. Each bed fhould have a coarfe coverlid or two. Prisoners fliould not remain in the day-time in the lit- tle rooms or cabins in which they fleep : they fhould have a common ward, day-room or kitchen. Pood. THOSE who drink only water, and have no nutritious • The Afl of Parliament in Ireland, which I mentioned in a former note, orders that " No Gaoler or any perfon employed by him, ihall prefume on any ac- '• count to keep in the faid Gaols, or the yard, or the houfes adjoining thereto, and " provided for the ufe of fuch prifoners, any hogs, cows, or other cattle, under the *' penalty of forty Ihillings for fuch hog, cow, or other beaft kept in the faid Gaol •« or Prifon." liquor, Sect. III. PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. 6i liquor, ought to have at leaft a pound and half of bread every day. The bread fliould be one day old, and then honeftly weighed to them. If once a week (fuppofe on Sunday) fome of the coarfer pieces of beef were boiled in the copper, and half a pound of the meat without bone given to each prifoner, with a quart of the broth, and then only one pound of bread, this Sunday Dinner might be made an encouragement to peaceable and orderly behaviour : the turbulent and refradlory fhould not have it. Such an al- lowance, might help to remove a bad cuftom that obtains too generally, the pretence of refreftiing prifoners with bet- ter food and drink on Sunday; upon which many are ad- mitted into the Gaols, and keep the prifoners from Chapel. I STATE the allowance in weight, not money, becaufe of the variable price. Befides that quantity of bread, each prifoner fliould have a penny a day in money for cheefe, butter, potatoes, peafe, or turnips : or he fliould have a pennyworth of one of thofe articles. Here, as in the tap, I muft infifl upon it as highly ne- ceflary, that every Gaoler, Bridewell-Keeper, Turnkey, &c, be excluded from all concern in the prifoners allowance ; from all profit arifing direSlly or indiredlly from the fale of their bread, or other food. Whoever diflributes it, fhould be free from all temptation to fraud; and be fubjed to a ftrong 62 PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. flrong check*. The whole allowance of prifoners lliould never be given them in money. The Reader will plainly fee, that I am not an advocate for extravagant and profufe allowance to prifoners. I plead only for neceffaries, in fuch a moderate quantity, as may fupport health and ftrength for labour. The law allows the poor debtor who is detained in prifon, two (hillings and four-pence per week -j- (I wifli it were more eafilj' obtained) and the government allowance to alTize convidis under fen- tence of tranfportation is a little more, viz. two fhillings and fix-pence ; which the Sheriff charges to Government in his bill of cravings, prefented at the expiration of his office. And I believe upon the average price of bread, potatoes. Sec. rfie allowance I have mentioned does not exceed thofe funis. I prefume it may be thought rather incongruous to allow prifoners before trial (on which fome of them may be found not guilty) lefs than is given to thofe that are convided. No NO FIGHTING fhould be fufFered in a Gaol : no quarrel- QUARRELS. mg, or abulive language ; nor the frequent occafion of them. • In Ireland the MInifler of the Parilh where the Gaol is, orders the felons bread; and keeps (fhould keep) the account of it : for he is allowed by Aft of Parliament a fum not exceeding ten pounds a year for the trouble. t 32d George II. gaming. Sect. III. PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. 6-^ gaming. If any one be injured, let him complain to the Keeper, who fhould hear both parties face to face, decide the matter, and punifh the aggrellbr by clofer confinement. Faults that deferve more fevere animadverfion, fliould be referved for the cognizance of the Magillrates, or an infpec- tor : of whom prefently. MONEY fent, colledled, or bequeathed, flioald be diftri- Doi^ations AND buted by the Magiftrates. Some of it might be laid out in Legacies. tools, &c. for fuch debtors as will work. The mention of legacies reminds me of the need thers is of a lift of them painted legibly on a board ; which fliould be hung up fo as to be read by the prifoners. Very few Gaols have fuch a table : and for want of it many Legacies have been entirely lofl ; and the charitable intention of the Teftators fruftrated. Yet care of legacies is exprefsly required by the Adl 3 2d George II. In the like confpicuous manner fliould be hung up in Table O F every Gaol an authentic table of fees, till they are abo- Fees, &c. liflied. This alfo is exprefsly required by the fame Ad:. Yet in many Gaols it is totally difregarded, and they have no fuch tables. In the A(fl 24th George II. which prohibits the ufe of fpirituous liquors in Prifons or Workhoufes, it is exprefsly required. 64 PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. required, that every Gaoler, Keeper, Mafter, &c. fliall pro- cure one or more copies of the three claufes * which contain the feveral articles of the prohibition, to be printed or fairly written, and hung up in one of the moft public places of the Prifon or Work-houfe, and renewed as occafion re- quired, under the penalty of forty lliillihgs for every default. There fhould alfo be a lift: of the allowance to pri- foners : for want of which I have known them defrauded of a confiderable part of their food : the whole of which is no where more than fufficient. The fame lift: ihould exhibit the particulars of bedding, or ft:raw. The Adl for prefer ving the health of prifoners requires that it be painted on a board, &c. as aforefaid : not merely written or printed on paper, becaufe that is more perifliable, and • In the prohibiting claufes, a line of one hundred pounds is laid upon any Gaoler, Keeper, Mafter, Sec, who ihall fell, ufe, lend, or give away any fuch liquors ; or knowingly permit them to be fold, ufed, &c. in the Houfe ; except they be prefcribed by a regular Phyfician, Surgeon, or Ajaothccar)', to be ufed me- dicinally. And a fine of ten pounds to twenty pounds, or any time not exceeding three months imprifonment, for any perfon who fliall bring fuch liquors into the ' Houfe. One moiety of thefe fines, as well as of that mentioned above, to the in- former : the other moiety of each of the two fmaller fines to the prifoners ; or, in the Work-houfe, to the poor. I OQ Sect. III. PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS. 6j and liable to be torn*. The Rules for Cleanlinefs, and Or- ders againfl Garnifh, Gaming, Drunkennefs, Quarreling, Profanenefs and Obfcenity, fhould alfo be vifibly exhibited ; with the penalties for each of thofe crimes. The penalties jQiould be fixed by the Magiflrates, or by law. The table fhould alfo fhew the hours of opening and fliutting the feveral wards j and of attending public worfhip. Befides fetting down thefe hours in a table, notice fhould be given of them by a bell, as in the dock-yards. I have known prifoners abfent from Chapel, who faid they would have been there, but did not know the fervice was performing. It is exprefsly required by the A and a fifterhood of religious. Many criminals, quite feparate from the others, and not feen by ilrangers. The Houfe was cleaner, and feemed better coa- dudled than the Biceire upon the fame foundation.. THE B"ASTiLE may occur to fome of my readers, as an Bastilev objedl concerning which fome information would be ac- ceptable. All that I can give them is, that I knocked hard at the outer gate, and immediately went forward through the guard to the draw-bridge before the entrance of the Caftle. I was fome time viewing this building, which is round, and furrounded by a large moat. None of the win- dows look outwards, but only towards a fmall area ; and if the ilate prifoners are ever permitted to take the frefh air, it muil be on the leads, which have high parapets. But whilft I was contemplating this gloomy manfion, an ofiicer came out of the Caftle much furprized ; and I was forced to retreat through the mute guard, and thus regained that freedom, which for one locked up within thofe walls it is next to impofiible to obtain, MANY of my readers, acquainted with the ftrid police of France, would have fuppofed that the other Prifons would have been as inacceflible to a vifitant as the Bajlile. And indeed my firft application for admittance at the Grand Chatelet was unfuccefsful. But fortunately remarking the tenth 94. FOREIGN PRISONS. tenth Article* of the Arret 17 17, I pleaded it before the CommljJ'aire de la Prifon to whom I was referred, and by its means gained admillion as well into that Prifon, as thofe of Petit Chdtelet and Fort rEveque, and had an opportunity of feeing almofl every individual confined in them. Provinces. IN the PROVINCIAL GAOLS I faw little worth noting to imitate or avoid, but what has been already mentioned at Paris. Thefe alfo have charitable PatroneiTes, or Patrons, who take care that the prifoners be not defrauded of their allowance; and procure them farther relief. But thefe Prifons do not feem to be fo carefully infpe(fled as thofe in the city ; although the Ads of Parliament for regulation of both are for the moft part fmiilar ; and were made in the fame year, 1717 -f. They are drawn up with found judg- ment, and accurate knowledge of the complex fubjedt. I found many articles of them in the laws of other nations ; but • The Article is as follows. Les Geoliers conduiront hs perfonnes qui 'vkndront faire da charitex dans Us lieux de la prifon oil elks dejireront les dijiribuer, ce qu" elles pourront faire elles-mefmes fur le preau ou dans la cour ; mais les aumofnes ne pourront eflre dijirihuees dans les cachots noirs que par les mains du Geolier, en prefence des perfonnes qui les porteront. t They are printed in quarto. The Aft for the City is dated iSthJune: it contains thirty-nine Articles. The title is Arref} de la Cour de Parlement, pertant Reglement Sect. IV. FRANCE. 95 but cannot fay whether the French Adts were compiled from them, or followed by them. The 32d Article of the Adt for the Provinces requires that Prifons be *' au raiz de chauj/'ee"* ; level with thegroimd. Yet at Chalons, and fome other towns, I faw many prifoners in dungeons j larger indeed, but in other refpedts not much better than thofe at Paris. In the four horrid ones at the Prifon de St. Jofeph (formerly a Convent) at Lyons, June Lyons, ijj6, were twenty-nine criminals: the heat fo exceffive,- that few of them had any other garment on than merely their fliirts. Some of them were fick : none of them looked healthy. In the nine other rooms of that Gaol there were one hundred and twenty-eight prifoners ; of which number twenty-two were women. To the Pierrecize, a flate prifon at Lyotis, you afcend by more than two hundred fteps : among the few prifoners in it, I fat talking a while with one who faid he was in the fiftieth year of his confinement. Reglement general pour les Prifons, droits ct fonSlions des Greffiers dis Gecles, Geoliers et Guichetiers des dites Prifons : A-cec le Tarif des droits atirihuez aufdits Geoliers. The Aft for the Provinces, dated ift September, has the fame title, except tlie Tarif, It contains thirty-three Articles. • The foundation of this was probably the fi'-ft Article upon Prifons in the excellent Criminal Ordonnance of Louis XIV. 1670, which direfts that they ftiall be fo difpofed that the health of prifoners Jhall not be incommoded, I dwell 96 FOREIGN PRISONS. I dwell perhaps too long on France. Yet I cannot leave it, without flopping a minute longer at Lyons 3 to give a fliort account of an Hofpital there. HoTEi THE Hotel DiEu is by the rivePs fide (the Rhone). The principal building is in the form of a crofs : near three hundred feet from end to end both ways. The wards thirty-two feet wide, and twenty-five feet high : with apertures between the joifls of the floor above ; and two tier of windows : in many of them two cafements. Three rows of iron bedfleads in each ward. Under a dome in the centre is an odlagon altar, in view from every part of the crofs. Prayers, which are read there twice a day, can be heard through the wards. This part of the Houfe is for thofe that have Fevers. There are other wards for Lying-in Women ; for the Wounded; for Foiuidlings ; for the Infane : all feparate : and a room for chirurgical operations. The crofs-wards are fo airy, as not to be in the leaft offenfive : and yet there are, in another part of the Houfe, two large upper rooms flill more airy and pleafant, Chambres de Cojivalefcence : to thefe they remove patients that are recovering : and thofe whom I faw there faid they were very refrefliing. They come down from them at meals to a Refedory or Hall. Thefe rooms foon complete the patients recovery ; and feem an excellent precaution againfl the flow heftic fever, of which our Hofpital -Phyficians fo frequently complain ^ and it is chiefly Sect. IV. GENEVA. 97. chiefly on account of thefe that I mention the Houfe *. The whole was clean and quiet. There are eight Chap- lains j nine Phyficians and Surgeons; and twelve Sifters. Thefe are ladies of a religious order, drefled in a neat uni- form, who make up, as well as adminifter all the medicines prefcribed ; for which purpofe there is an Elaboratory and Aporiiecary's fhop, confifting of five or fix apartments, the neateft and moft elegantly fitted up that can be conceived. B EFORE the Cantons, I will mention, what is not indeed any part of Switzerland, the little Republic of NEVA. HERE were only five Criminals -, none of them in irons. Their allowance about fix-pence a day : for which they have a pound of good bread, fome foup, and half a pint of • I WAS induced to take fuch particular notice of this Hofpital, from the recol- leftion of fomething fimilar to thefe Chambers of Coniialefcence propofed by my inge- nious friend Mr. Aikin of Warrington, in his Thoughts on Hofpitals, I had not the pamphlet then with me, but have fince turned to the paffage, and find he advifes that " all patients capable of fitting up, fliould remain through the day in large airy halls." O wine. 98 FOREIGN PRISONS. wine. They looked healthy. Here, as in the Swifs- Cantons, meil and women are kept feparate. For the laft year or two no capital punilhment. If a criminal flies from juftice, they call him in form three days, and after trial, execute him in effigy. No Debtors : and there feldom are any. A creditor muft allow his debtor in prifon as much as felons have from the public : upon failure, the gaoler gives notice, and then difcharges the prifoner. Befides, there are fiimptuary laws in this ftate. And though the government is in general mild, there is a fevere law againfl bankrupts, and in- folvents ; which renders incapable of all honours, and deprives of freedom, not only the debtor himfelf, but his children after him : except fuch of them as pay their quota of the debts *. IN thofe of the CANTONS to which I went. Felons have each a room to themfelves, " that they may not," faid the Keepers, ** tutor one another." None were in irons: they are kept in rooms more or lefs flrong and lightfome, according to the crimes they are charged with. But the Prifons are in general very ftrong. The rooms are num- • See Editi de la RcpubU^ut de Geneve, 1735. bered. Sect. IV. SWITZERLAND. 99 bered, and the keys marked with the fame numbers. In moil of them a German Stove. The common allowance fix-pence a day. In fome Cantons there were no prifoners of this fort. The principal reafon of it is, the great care that is taken to give children, even the pooreft, a moral and religious education., Another thing which contributes to the fame intention, is the laudable police of fpeedy juftice. A criminal has notice of his death, not the manner of it, but a ihort time before he is to fuffer : and he is then indulged with his choice of food, wine, &c. Women are not hanged, but beheaded. Every new executioner has a new fword ; and in the Arfenal at Berfz I faw feveral old ones hung up in order. In the Houfes of Correcflion many of the prifoners were women; whom I faw at work. The moft numerous prifoners are the G alley- Slav e s ; im- properly fo called, for there are no Galleys belonging to Switzerland, AT Lausanne I vifited a Prifon, in which Lausanne. there were at that time no prifoners. There were dun- geons, but on entering each of them the Keeper ob- ferved that we were not yet upon the ground, but there were cellars underneath. On converfing with Dr. T'iJJot, he expreffed his furprize at our Gaol-Diflemper ; faid " I fhould not find it in Switzerland : " and added that " he had not heard of it's being any where but in O 2 England." Joo FOREIGN PRISONS. England. " When I mentioned the late Adl of Parlia- ment for preferving the health of our prifoners, he ap- proved of it highly, efpecially the claufes which require ivhite-ivajhing the rooms and keeping them clean. — I did not (as the Dodlor faid I fliould not) find the Gaol-Fever In Switzerland : nor did I find it any where elfe abroad *. Bern. IN Bern, the principal Canton, there was in onePrifon (the Schallenhaus) one hundred and twenty-four Galley-Slaves. They have not each a room to themfelves j but there is fonie diftin(flion of the more and lefs criminal, both in their rooms and work. Moft of them are employed in cleaning the flreets, and public walks ; removing the rubbifli of build- ing ; and the fnow and ice in winter. The city is one of the cleaneft I have feen. Four or five are chained to a fmall waggon and draw ; others, more at liberty, fweep, load, &c. Thefe are known by an Iron Collar, with a hook projedting above their heads : weight about five pounds : I faw one riveted on a criminal in about two minutes. They work in fummer from feven to eleven, and from one to fix ; in winter from eight to eleven, and from one to four. I aiked • Sir John Pringle, Prefident of the Royal Society, in his Difcourfe at the Atiniverfary Meeting, 30th November 1776, informs us at page 16, that " The " late Dr. Mounfey, F. R. S. who had lived long in RuJJia, and had been Archiater " under two fucceffivc Sovereigns happening to be at Mo/i coy when he perufed " the Ohferwatimn en the Jail-Fe-ver-r—wi^ induced to compare what he read in that " Trcatife with what he fliould fee in the fever.nl Prifons of that large city : but to *' his furprize, after vifuing them all, and finding them full of malefaftors (for •' the Skct. IV. SWITZERLAND. loi aflced them, " Whether they would choofe to work fo, or be confined within doors ? " " Much rather,'^ they faid, '* work thus." The lefs criminal are in feparate wards. They work within doors, fpinning, &c. in a large room ; and have not the iron collar. The Priibn is not commo- dious, nor kept clean. The daily allowance two pounds of bread, and twice a day a pint and half of foup, made of barley, beans, &c. they fetch it from the City-Hofpital. In their leifure-hours they make trifles to fell, mend ilioes &c. and deliver them as they pafs on at work. They are not fuffered to pradtife Gaming of any fort. Indeed this is forbidden to all the common people j as playing for any conliderable fum is to thofe of higher rank. The Keeper and Turnkey are to fee that the prifoners perforin their de- votions every morning and evening. The Chaplains pray with them and inftru6t them on Sunday and Thurfday. Once a month other Clergymen fuperintend the fervice. No vifitant admitted on Sunday. Great care taken of the fick. No futling place to be kept in this Houfe of Cor- redion. The Keeper is flridrly forbidden to fell the pri- foners wine, brandy, or other provifions ; and required en- " the late Ernprefs then fuffered none-— to be put to death) he could dlfcover " no fever among them, nor learn that any acute diftemper peculiar to Jails had " ever been known there. Upon his return to St. Pcterfiurg he made the fame " inquiry there, and with the fame refult." I SHALL jull remark here that the Sccrbut in the French Prifons may probably be a fpecies of the Gaol-Diftemper ; but I did not fee any perfons aftually ill of it while I was abroad j ctherwife I think I fliould have been able to have recognized it. tirely I02 FOREIGN PRISONS. tirely to forego any fuch emolument. The bedding and cloathing are minutely defcribed, both as to quality and value. I have a copy of all the Orders, twenty-feven in number, dated March 14. 1741. Thefe which I have men- tioned may ferve for a fpecimen. Some of the flaves are women : their ward is totally feparate from that of the men. In La Prifon ordinaire fome rooms are planked all round. Eight of them are very clofe and ftrong. Doors of oak 24. inches thick, plated with iron j three hinges, a lock and two padlocks. In a clofet, were the cloaths of a per- fon that was murdered, kept to confront the guilty when apprehended : and fome llolen goods, to be owned. Here Avere no prifoners. A criminal who can pay is allowed to expend 7 batz 2 kreutzer, about a ihilling daily, for two meals of foup and good bread. To one that is poor, the Government allows half that fum. To all who are con- demned, they allow a fliilling a day for eight days before they fuffer. Thefe allowances are fpecified on a paper hung up in the Gaol. There alfo hangs up a ferious ex- hortation concerning the awful nature of an Oath; and the forms of fundry oaths to be taken. I procured copies of the whole, but will tranfcribe only one oath, as follows : — " Ma depojition, dont leSture tna ete faite a prefent, je *' /a conjirnie devant la face du Dieu tout puij] ant, tout J'a~ " chant et 'vray, pour contenir la verite, ainfi que je dejire *' qu£ Dieu T?iefoit en >aide fur la Jin de mes jours. Sans dol ni "fraudc." Sect. IV. SWITZERLAND. 103 ^' fraude." — " My depofition, which has now been read to *' me I confirm before the face of God omnipotent, om- *' nifcient and true, to contain the truth, as I defirc that " God may be my help at the end of my days. Without " deceit or fraud." Perjury, I was told, is very uncommon among them *. In this city I had fome difcourfe with the celebrated Dr. Haller. He afcribed the ficknefs in Englifh Gaols to their being over-crowded. AT SoLOTHURN the Prilbn (dated in front 1756) is built Solothurn. of a fort of marble from a quarry near the town. Many of the ftones are fix feet by two or three, and above a foot thick. The Gaoler faid, " He always took off the irons from criminals that came to him chained hands and feet." There are fifteen rooms about nine feet fquare, and eight feet high : with a coach roof. The partition walls are all of the fame fort of marble : the window is in the upper part of * In Scotland alfo tliis crime is not frequent. When I was there January 1775, there were no trials : but by inquiring of Gentlemen well-verfed in the bufinefs of their Courts, I learned that the oath and the form of adminiftering it, are very folemn. The Judge, as well as the Witnefs Handing, holding up his right hand &c. After a witnefs has given his evidence, it is read to him, that he may correG or explain it ; and then he figns it. The whole procefs is carried on with great deliberation. Judges on the Circuit are obliged to Hay five nights at every town where they open their commiffion. Acquitted prifoners are immediately difcharged. the 104 F O R E I G N P R I S O N S. the wall, two feet by fix inches : German ftoves In mofl of the rooms. For thofe guilty of lefs heinous crimes, there are rooms not quite fo flrong, and more lightforae. Allowance a pound of bread, and twice a day foup. The Magiflrates thought a conjlantjiipply ofivater within thePrifon-walls fo needful, that although there is a fountain in the ftreet about ten yards from the Prifon-door, they have placed another in the court-yard, dated 1769. Basil. AT Basil the Gaol for felons is in one of towers. No prifoners ; but many rooms ready with clean flraw and blankets. Each prifoner (they faid) has a room to him- felf, in which he is conftantly fhut up, except when con- dudted to the Council-Chamber for examination. One of the ftrongeft rooms by the great clock is about fix feet high: the (trap) door is in the flat roof: the prifoner goes down by a ladder, which is then taken up : his victuals are put in at a wicket on one fide. When I was in the room, and took notice of the uncommon ftrength of it, the Gaoler told me a prifoner had lately made his efcape from it. I could not devife what method he took, but heard it was tliis. He had a fpoon for foup, which he fliarpened to cut out a piece from the timber of his room : then by pradlicc he acquired the art of flriking his door, jufl when the great clock ftruck, to drown the noife : and in fifteen days he forced all the bolts, &c. But attempting to let himfelf down Sect. IV. GERMANY, down from the vaft height by a rope which he found, the rope failed him ; and by falling he broke fo many of his bones, that the Surgeons pronounced his recovery impof- fible. But his bones were fet; and with proper care he did recover, and was pardoned. loS GERMANY. THE Germans, well aware of the neceility oi Cleanli" nefs in Prifons, have very judicioufly chofen to build them in fituations moft conducive to itj that is, near Rivers : as at Hajiover, Zell, Hamburgh^ Bremen, Cologne^ Mentz and many other places. In the Gaols that I faw there were but few prifoners, except thofe called, improperly, Galley-Slaves. One caufe of this, here as in Switzerland, is a fpeedy trial after com- mitment. The Galley-Slaves have every where a Prifon to them- felves. They work on the Roads, the Fortifications, Chalk^ Hills, and other public fervicej for four, feven, ten, iif- P teen. io6 FOREIGN PRISONS. teen, twenty years, according to their crimes : and arc cloathed, as well as fed, by the Government. At Wcfel, which belongs to the king oi PriiJJia, there were ninety- eight of thefe Haves : they have two pounds of bread a day, and the value of three halfpence Englifli eyery day they work. I SAW no under-ground dungeons in any of the new Prifons in Germany : nor indeed in any new Prifon abroad. At Lunenburg the dungeons are difufed : and inftead of them are built additional rooms up flairs : one for each prifoner. And in moft of the Gaols each criminal is alone in his room ; which is more or lefs flrong, lightfome, and airy, as the crime he is charged with is more or lefs atrocious. One often fees the doors of fundry rooms marked Ethiopia, India, Italy, France, England, 8cc. In thofe rooms, parents, by the authority of the Magiftrates, con- fine for a certain term diffolute children : and if they are inquired after, the anfwer is, they are gone to Italy, England, &c. I DO not remember any Prifon in Germany (nor elfewhere abroad) in which Felons have not, either from the public allowance, or from charities, fomewhat more to live on than bread and water. In fome places a perfon goes on market- Sect. IV. GERMANY. market-days with a bafket for prifoners : and I have feeii him bring them a comfortable meal of frefh vegetables. But there are feparate Prifons in which confinement for a week or two on bread and water is all the punifliment for feme petty offences. Perhaps, when a condemned criminal is only to live a day or two, fuch diet may be more pro- per than the indulgence with which the Germans ti-eat pri- foners, after fentence of death, which is commonly exe- cuted within forty-eight hours. The malefador has then his choice of food, and wine, iii a commodious room, into which his friends are admitted ; and a Minifter attends him during almoft all his remaining hours. ' AT Strasburg I faw in one of the five towers three Stras- Liebtors : they informed me that they were alimented by their creditors ; that they had two pounds of good bread a day, and foup equally good. I was much pleafed to find fo much of a liberal fpirit prevail in this city, that in the Hofpital there were feparate chambers for Lutherans, in which they were allowed the attendance of their own Minifters. AT Mentz, La Porte de Per, which is for Felons, is Mentz. five flories high : two rooms on a floor : a fpacious landing- place in the middle, with oppofite windows, for circulation of air. The rooms are double-floored with oak pJank, full two inches thick ; and each room has a double door only three P 2 feet 107 io8 FOREIGN PRISONS. feet nine inches high. Thefe two circumflances contribute much to fecurity. On one fide the door is a fmall iron wicket, to put in the daily allowance : which is two pounds of bread, foup, and (except in Lent) a little meat. Only one prifoner is confined in each room, who has a pair of blankets -, and once in a fortnight clean ftraw. This Gaol ftands near the Rhine, and is not in the leaft oftenfive. In the Houfe of Corredion all was neat, and fhewed the attention of the Regency. On my taking notice to the Keeper how clean his Prifon was, he faid " How can it " be otherwife when we have fo many women prifoners .^ ** Surely they may keep the Houfe clean." Mofl of thff flour for the city is ground at a mill in this Prifon. The delinquents work at it two hours in the morning, and two in the afternoon. Over the door is carved a waggon drawn by two Sfags, two Lions, and two wild Boars ; with an in- fcription explaining the device, which is, that if wild beafts can be tamed to the yoke, we fhould not defpair of reclaim- ing irregular men. I faw the fame has relief at one or two other Houfes of Correction. There is a feparate Prifon for Debtors, near the Fifh- Market : Le Port du PoiJJbii. No prifoners. When there are any, they have daily at the creditor's cofl two pounds of bread, and about four-pence Englilh. Every Sect. IV. GERMANY. Every Prifon at Mentz has ia each room a German ilove J which, in winter, is heated two or three times a day. . Prifoners have clean linen once a week. On my ob- serving to the Brigadier of the Police who went with ftie, how healthy his prifoners looked, he told me that " Some " years ago, they were unhealthy 3 and the Regency re- ** moved them from the dungeons under ground : upon ** which they recovered j and had been remarkably healthy ** ever fince." The dungeons are now totally difufed. It was hardly neceffary to inquire if the Prifons were infpecfted by proper Officers. The Keepers make a report every day to an attentive Lieutenant of the Police : and once in a fortnight the Confeiller de Regence, the Secretaire and Confeiller des Finances vifit every Prifon ; hear all com- plaints ; and inquire if cloaths, or any thing neceffary be wanting. None of the Keepers fell liquor ; but prifoners may fend o'ut for a quart of beer a day. They are not al- lowed to have any fpirituous liquors. I HAVE related more particulars here, to give a fpecimen of the deconomy obferved in other German Prifons, mofl of them being governed upon the fame principles j though not all with the fame attention. AT Hanau n&?ir Hejfe Cafel, the Galley-Slaves (facalled) Han^ are diflinguiflied into Honnetes and Dejloonnetes. The former 109 110 FOREIGN PRISONS. former are condemned for three, four, feven, nine, four- teen years : but the term is fometimes fliortened on account of good behaviour. Thefe wear a brown uniform -, and a fmall chain from the girdle to one leg. The latter are for the moft part fuch as have committed capital offences. Thefe wear a white coat with one black fleeve j and have a chain from the girdle to each leg : they never work out of the town j and are put to the moft difagreeable iervices in it. The hours of work for both forts are in fummer from five to eleven, and from one to fix : in winter as the wea- ther and length of days permit. Allowance, from ift of April to Michaelmafs, 2| pounds of bread a day: from Michael mafs to April, two pounds : and each man about two-pence Englifli a day. From a charity they have half a florin (about twelve-pence halfpenny) a month. They are conftantly vifited by a Deputy from the Regency, who makes his report to the Colonel every morning : and the Colonel conveys it to the young Prince, when he refides at Hanau. Of his kindnefs to them, the prifoners feemed duly fenfible -, and they fpoke with grateful refped: of the attention fhewed them by the amiable Prwcefs his deceafed mother, whofe memory will be long revered in that country. I ASKED one and another of the Honnetes who were at work on the road, *' Whether they liked to be thus em- ** ployed, or would rather choofe to be confined in idle- " nefs ?" Sect. IV. GERMANY. iii " nefs ? " They readily anfwered, " Much rather be thus abroad at work." On Saturday afternoon, thefe fweep the bridges, the entrances to the town &e. They have a Guard of four Soldiers (bayonets fixed), a Subaltern, and the Keeper. This is the guard, be the number of ilaves more or lefs : when I faw them they were from ten to twelve. At fix in the evening, in fummer-time, they bring all their tools into a room in the Prifon ^ and go to their chambers : the DeJJjottnetes on the ground floor ; the Ho?!- netes above. But in this Prifon there is not a feparate room for each man ; as in thofe to which they were at firft com- mitted. Each criminal has, befides the cloaths above-men- tioned, two pair of ihoes ; two pair of ftockings ; and two Ihirts. All are obliged to attend Divine Service on Sunday^ The men on my repeated vifits looked always healthy. The Defionnetes are not doomed to defpair : but for good behaviour are fometimes promoted to the rank of Honnetes. I converfed with one whom I found very chear- ful for a late advancement of that kind : in confequence of it he was working on the road. There is another Prifon at Hanau, La 'Tour de Mar- guereiia : fo called from the firft pejrfon confined in it. It has four rooms on each of the two floors j but they were all empty. AT 112 FOREIGN PRISONS. Cassel. at Cassel there is alfo a Prifon for Galley-Slaves, under fimilar management, but not fo well xonduded. One circumftance ftruck me as worthy of remark. In a fine new Church juft built, there is a gallery with two fe- parate feats for the Honnetes and Defjonneies ; though the whole number, when I was there, was only feventeen. Manheim. at Manheim Monfieur Bal>o, Counfellor to the Re- gency, very politely gave orders to ihew me every room of La Maifon de Force. Prifoners committed to this Houfe are commonly received in form Avith what is called the Btcn-Venu (Welcome). A machine is brought out in which are faftened their neck, hands, and feet. Then they are ftripped j and have, according as the Magiftrate orders— the Grand Venn of twenty to thirty ftripes — the Demi Venn of eighteen to twenty — or the Petit Venn of twelve to fifteen : after this they kifs the threfliold and go in. Some are treated with the fame compliment at dif- charge. The like ceremony is obferved at fome other towns in Germany. The Houfe was clean. Fifty-two men, and forty-nine women in feveral rooms : all at work ; either at their own trades, as fhoemakers, taylors, weavers, lapidaries ; or at one of the manufadlures of the Houfe -, which are coarfe cloth and cards. Not one idle. They have but little time to earn any thing for themfelves : yet though they work .; entirely Sect. IV. GERMANY. 113 entirely for the Houfe, their labour, I was informed, does not maintain it. The Rules and Orders are good. I have a copy of them all. The two laft are to this effedt. nth. As it is of the utmofl importance in fuch Houfes as this, to obferve all poflible cleanlinefs ; it is required of all perfons to watch moft ftridily againft all appearance of the contrary. Who- ever fees the leaft offence of that kind, fliall give immediate notice of it to the Infpedtor, upon pain of clofe confine- ment on bread and water, and the moft rigorous chaftife- ment. 12th. That no one may be able to plead ignorance of the Rules, one copy of them fhall be given to every prifoner, and another hung up in his room; and they fhall be read publicly every Sunday morning after Divine Service. It is ordered that the difobedient be punifhed ; and that encouragement be given to the dutiful and diligent. The doors are all numbered ; and the keys marked with the correfponding number. Allowance to moft of the Men two pounds of bread, foup, and a quart of good beer ; and, except in Lent, half a pound of meat. Women have a pound and half of bread : other articles as the men. The fick are indulged with white bread, veal, 6cc. They have all of them clean linen once a week : it is waflied by the women prifoners. The Keeper makes every morning a re- Q. port 114 FORE IGN PRIS ONS. port to Monfieur Bah of the ftate of his Houfe as to num- bers, health, &;c. A CAPUCHIN fays Mafs in the Chapel every morning. A gallery for men : another for women, with a blind before it : another for Orphans, of whom there are fixty-four in a fort of Hofpital at one end of the Prifon. Proteflants and Jews are ordered to their private devotions : the latter are excufed from working on their Sabbath. Hanover. THE Prifon at Hanover was built about thirty years ago. It is fituated on the river heyna. There are eleven ftrong rooms, about ten feet fquare, and ten and a half high -y with a bed of folid ftone in each, eleven inches from the ground, and nine inches higher at the head. Over thefe are larger apartments for debtors &c. The rooms are warmed by ftoves in winter. Criminals have a fmall chain : they are allowed ftraw to lie on, and two coverlids. When I vifited the Prifon there were feven criminals and one debtor. The Keeper fells no liquors, but has a falary. In the Council-Chamber are all the various Edidls in frames. There is a Torture-Chamber, but I with pleafure learned that the two cruel engines had not been ufed for four years. BURG. LuNEN- LUNENBURG. I found the criminals here employed on a different work from any I had before feen : digging flone from Sect. IV^ GERMANY. 115 from a large chalk-hill called Kalck-Berg. Others were preparing it for the kiln, grinding, fifting, packing &c. in the warehoufes. The cafks are about three hundred weight. It is fent to Hamburgh and other diftant places, as it makes an excellent cement. Many other men were employed -, but the criminals, of whom there were thirty- one, had a chain of about four pounds. Their allowance was a pound and half of bread, and three halfpence in mo- ney : provifions much cheaper than in England. AT Hamburgh Felons in the Butteley were all in irons. Hamburch. The common method of execution is decollation. The Executioner, who is Gaoler, fliewed me the fword which, he faid, he had made ufe of eight times. Among the various engines of torture, or the queftion, which I have feen in Frajice and other places, the mofl ex- cruciating is kept and ufed in a deep cellar of this Prifon^ It ought to be buried ten thoufand fathom deeper *. It is faid the inventor was the firft who fuffered by it : the laft was a woman, not two years ago. Here, as at fome other towns, is a Prifon for flight offences. The punifliment, to be confined from a week to a month, and live on bread and water only. To prevent • See the Marquis Beccwia, Chap. XVI. 0^2 the ii6 FOREIGN PRISONS. • the prifoners having any thing elfe, what money they bring with them is taken, and fealed up ; but it is returned to them when difcharged. In this great city, fuppofed to contain ninety thoufand fouls, there were but three Debtors : and in the neighbour- ing town Altena, which belongs to the king of den- mark, but two. IT will perhaps be expedled that I fliould fay fomething of the Houfes of Corredtion at the great and opulent city of Hamburg/}. I was there near a week, and vifited all the Prifons with every advantage, through the kindnefs of my friend. Senator Voght. In the great Houfe of Correction, which is a fort of Work-houfe, and Jiot reckoned infamous, various kinds of work were carrying on; as knitting, fpin- ning, weaving linen, hair, and wool, rafping logwood and hartfhorn. A regular book is kept of the earnings, one fourth of which, I was informed, was given to each, as they worked more or lefs. This Houfe is governed by eight Diredlors, who muft be married men. Two of them vifit it every Wednefday and Saturday ; on the latter day along with the Ladies, who deliver out the women's work, and have a room for the purpofe. Many hundreds are confined here. In the great room I faw about three hun- dred women and girls all bufily employed both times I was there. Sect. IV. GERMANY. 117 there. Although the Houfe is fituated near the Aljler, and vifited by Ladies, I cannot fay much in favour of its neat- nefs or cleanlinefs. In the Spin-Houfe, which is accounted infamous, even the men were not obliged to rafp logwood, but were employed in fpinning, in more lightfome rooms than thofe of the other Houfe. In this were feventy-three prifoners. AT Bremen the Prifon for Debtors has four rooms; Bremen. but the Magiflrate who accompanied me. Dr. Hornivinckely aflured me not one of them had been occupied for above thirty years, till very lately ; when one was fitted up for a debtor, who was confined in it a few weeks. Over the door of this Prifon is infcribed Hie fraudum terminus ejlo. That there were few Debtors, or none at all, in fuch towns as Mentz, Coblentz, Manheim, &c. may be afcribed to their being places of but little trade. In fuch large trading cities as Hamburgh, and Bretnen, it feems ow- ing to the little credit that is given — the expence of ali- ment &c. falling on the creditor — the being deprived of every kind of amufement and diverfion while in Prifon — and the difgrace of being there. Debtors ii8 FOREIGN PRISONS. Debtors are not permitted in any German cities that I have feen, to have their wives and children living with them in Prifon, The Houfe of Corredlion at Bremen, fituatcd on the JVefer, is indeed a Houfe oflndujlry j yet very quiet. There were eleven men, and twenty-eight women, all at work ; except a woman who had broke her leg. The flronger and lefs docile men rafp Logwood : others weave a fet tafk of Hair Carpets, &c. The Keeper appoints a weaver in the Houfe to inftrudl every new comer, who generally teaches him the art in a ihort time. The women's apartments were very clean : their work is fpinning, knitting, &c. The Keeper has a falary ; and fells nothing. I SAT an afternoon with Dr. Diintze of Bremen, who told me he was in London in. 1753 and 54 with an in- quifitive friend, a German. They went into Newgate to obferve the effedts of the Ventilator ; and were ftruck with an offenfive fmell in one of the x'ooms. Next day they were both indifpofed. The Doctor's complaint turned out a kind of jaundice. After a few days confinement he vifited his friend, and found him excefllvely low ; and in a fhort time he died with every fy mp torn of the Gaol-Fever. Zell. at Zell in the Eledlorate oi Hanover, is a large Houfe of Correction ; and AT Sect. IV. HOLLAND. 119 AT Cassel is another, with a work-room one hundred and ten feet by twenty-five, and twelve feet high. It was built by CHARLES, grandfather to the prefent Landgrave. 1 iliall not, however, enter into a minute detail of the difcipline in thefe two, and other Houfes of the fame fort in Germany. Thofe in Holland and Flanders are bet- ter conduced : and my account of them, fliall be more particular. HOLLAND. PRISONS in the United Provinces are fo quiet, and moil of them fo clean, that a viiitor can hardly believe he is in a Gaol. They are commonly (except the Rafp- Houfes) white-wafhed once or twice a year : and a prifoner told me it was no fmall refreihment to go into their rooms after fuch a thorough cleaning. A Phyiician and Surgeon is appointed to every Prifon 3 and prifoners are in general healthy. In mofl of the Prifons for Crthiinals there are fo many rooms that each prifoner is kept feparate. They never go out ,20 FOREIGN PRISONS. out of their rooms : each has a bedftead, ftraw, and cover- lid. But there are few criminals, except thofe in the Rqfp- Hoiifes and Spin-Houfes. In all the feven Provinces feldom more executions in a year than from four to fix *. One reafon of this, I believe, is the awful folemnity of execu- tions, which are performed in prefence of the Magiflrates, with great order and ferioufnefs, and great effedt on the fpeiftators, I did not fee the .procefs in Holland; but it was particularly defcribed to me, and was fimilar to what I had been witnefs of in another place abroad. The common method of execution is decollation by a broad fword. For the more atrocious crimes, fuch as pre- meditated murder &c. the malefador is broken on the wheel ; or rather on a crofs laid flat upon the fcaffold. But a defcription of the manner of this execution, which is finiflied by a Coup de Grace on the breaft, would not be agreeable to any of my readers. Debtors alfo are but few. The Magiftrates do not approve of confining in idlenefs any that may be ufefully employed. And when one is imprifoned, the Creditor muft pay the Gaoler for his maintenance, from eight to eighteen ftivers a day, according to the Debtor's former condition in • I WAS told in Scotland tliat the number of executions there is nearly the Ome. life. Sect. IV. HOLLAND. 121 life. The aliment mufl be paid every week: in default whereof, the Gaoler gives eight days notice ; and if within that time, the money, or fecurity for it, be not brought, the debtor is difcharged. Another reafon is, that the fituation is very difgrace- ful. But perhaps the principal caufe that debtors, as well as capital offenders, are few, is the great care that is taken to train up the children of the poor, and indeed of all others, to induftry. No debtors have their wives and children living with them in Prifon : but occafional vifits in the day-time are not forbidden. You do not hear in the ftreets as you pafs by a Prifon, what I have been rallied for abroad, the cry oi poor hungry Jlarving Debtors. The States do not tranfport criminals: but men are put to labour in the Rafp-Hotifes, and women to proper work in the Spin-Houjes : upon this profeffed maxim. Make them diligent and they iviU be honeft. The rafping logwood, which was formerly the principal work done by the men criminals, is now in many places performed at the mills, much cheaper : and the Dutch, finding woollen manufac- tures more profitable, have within thefe lafl twelve years, fet up feveral of them in thofe Houfes of Corredion. In fome, the work does not only maintain the prifoners ; but they have a little extra-time to earn fomewhat for their bet"* ter living in Prifon, or for their benefit afterwards. R Great J22 FOREIGN PRISONS. Great care is taken to give them moral and religious inftruftion, and reform their manners, for their own and the public good. The Chaplain (fuch there is in every Houfe of Corredlion) does not only perform public wor- fliip, but privately inflruifts the prifoners, catechifes them every week &c. and I am well informed that many come out fober and honeft*. Some have even chofen to continue and work in the Houfe after their difcharge. Offenders are fentenced to thefe Houfes, according to their crimes, for feven, ten, fifteen, twenty years and up- wards : but, to prevent defpair, feldom for life. As an encouragement to fobriety and induftry, thofe who diftin- guilli themfelves by fuch behaviour, are difcharged before the expiration of their term. A prifoner who gives infor- mation of an intended efcape is favoured much in this re- fpeft : his term is confiderably fliortened. A little before the eled:ion of new Magiftrates, thofe who are in office in- fpedl thefe Prifons ; and inquire of the Keeper which pri- • I HAVE heard in England that a countryman of ours, who wns" a prifoner in the Rafp-Houfe at Amjlcrdam feveral years, was permitted to work at his own trade, fhne-making ; and by being conftantly kept employed, was quite cured of the vices which brought him to confinement. My informant added, that the pri- foner received at his releafe a furplus of his earnings, which enabled him to fet up in London ; where he lived in credit, and at dinner commonly drant* " Health to his worthy Mafters at the Rafp-Houfe." foners, Sect. IV, HOLLAND. foners, of thofe who have been confined a few years, have been diligent and orderly : and of the Minifter, which of them have been moft attentive to public and private inflruc- tions. According to the accounts, they contract: the ap- pointed time of punifliment : fo that fourteen years will fometimes be reduced to eight or ten ; and twelve years to fix or feven. This praftice of abridging the time ofpu- niiliment upon reformation is in every view wife and bene- ficial. Indeed, I have fome reafon to think that criminals are often doomed to a longer term, with an intention to make fuch dedudions upon their amendment. I WAS informed that the work done in fome of thefe Houfes of Corredlion (efpecially where the men are em- ployed in rafping) does not maintain them : though the men that are robuft earn from eight to ten flivers a day j and healthy women by fpinning &c. from four to fix. But fome earn lefs ; thofe who are infirm very little : none however are quite idle but the fick. This is furely excel- lent policy} for befides guarding againft the pernicious eflfedls of idlenefs in a Prifon, and breaking criminals to habits of induftry, if work fo conllant does not fupport the Houfes, how much heavier would be the public burden, maintaining the numerous ofi:enders in thefe Prifons, if, as in many of our Bridewells, no work at all were done there ? In Holland, as well as in Germany, there are private R 2 rooms 123 0AM. 124 FOREIGN PRISONS. rooms in moft of the Houfes of Corredlion, in which young perfons of a vicious and profligate turn are confined on the reprefentation of their parents, till they ihew figns of amendment. Amster. at Amsterdam the Prifon is under the Stadt-Houfc. Debtors and felons quite feparate. No court-yard. Vifitants may converfe with debtors at the lattices of their rooms, from nine to twelve in the forenoon. The debtor may buy an anchor of wine to depofite with the Keeper (who fells liquors) : he is allowed to call for a bot- tle of it a day, paying the Keeper two ftivers a bottle. In this city they compute 250,000 fouls*; about one third of thofe in London: yet in 1775 I found but eighteen debtors, in 1776 only fifteen. The rooms for criminals are down fifteen fleps : ten feet by nine : in each, one prifoner only : a bedftead &c. door- • In the Stadt-Houfe there is hung up to public view, a board fhewing the mortality for the lad two years, and for the laft week, viz. Deaths in i774> — — 6649 •775. — — 7^95- Auguft 6th, 1776, — — 120 . The year 1775 was very fickly. — Sir William Petty in his TraSs, page 186, gives for the year 1685 the number of Burials in Amfterdam 6245. way Sect. IV. HOLLAND, way twenty-two inches wide -, door four inches thick : the condemned rooms have an iron door belides. In the latter a criminal is never left alone : two prifoners from the Rafp- Houfe are always with him, to prevent his deftroying him- felf. They rejoice at the fervice ; for if they difcharge it faithfully, their reward is an abridgment of their allotted term, I was credibly informed, that there was no execu- tion here for the laft two years : and that for a hundred years paft there have not been, commiinibus ajinis, more than one a year. It is generally performed within forty-eight hours after fentence. In the Stadt-Hoiife there were fix delinquents. Their allowance is nine ftivers a day, for which the Keeper gives them — in the morning, four good Dices of bread and but- ter — at dinner, rice foup, and two flices of bread — at f up- per, milk — befides about a quart of beer a day; and on Sunday three quarters of a pound of meat. He alfo pays for their weekly fliaving, and for wafhing their linen. In fome other Provinces the allowance is the fame : in fome, more. One of the Magiflrates, with whom I was con- verfing upon the fubjedl of Englifli Prifons, faid " Nourifh ** your prifoners well, and keep them in dry rooms, and " they will be healthy," At the rasp-house over the gate is. In bus relief, a device ,'^''''- o ' J ' House. 125 fomewhat 126 FOREIGN PRISONS. fomewliat like that at Mcntz. At the inner gate is (as at other Rafp-Houfes) a reprefentation of two men rafping Logwood: which is here their principal employment. Yet regard is had not only to their degree of guilt, but to their flrength : for I faw two men winding filk or thread. This lafl fummer there were fifty-four prifoners. In fome rooms, where they alfo fleep, were ten or twelve men rafping an appointed taflc. Others were in the warehoufes, forting and weighing; others bringing the wood to thofe rooms. If any one be idle, or refraay eighteen flivers a day (or what other fum the Magillrates /hall allow them to expend) are to have provilion proportioned to that price. Vifitants are not permitted to be in the Prifon from eleven in the morning, till two : and are difrnifled in the evening at fix in fummer, at four in winter. None to be admitted on Saturday : nor in time of Divine Ser\'ice on Sunday. Candles to be taken away at nine. The Keeper to guard againft accidents by fire. The i;o FOREIGN PRISONS. The Rules for Officers of the Attorney-General, and of the Sheriff have an admirable effe6t in preferving peace, and order. There are thirty-two of them. I cannot for- bear abllradling a few. No officer to ftir out of town without fpecial leave : and while in town each muft always give notice where he may be found. In cafe of fire they muft immediately repair to the Court-Gate for inftruftions. Arrefts of delinquents muft be performed quietly. No officer to ferve or watch inftead of another. Negledl of duty through drunkennefs is punifhed with living in Prifon on bread and water at their own expence for three days, eight days, and at laft, with difcharge. They may not keep company with any perfons in public houfes &zc. Giving ill language is punilhed by a fine : quarrels, at dif- cretion of the Magiftrates. Not giving information of de- faulters is punilhed with diicharge. They are to guard againft being guilty of ill behaviour of any fort, that no dishonour may be caft upon the Court of Judicature. Each officer to have a copy of the Rules, and keep it to fhew on demand, on pain of a fine. The whole to be read to them all together by the Sheriff once a month. GioKiK- AT Gronixgen the Ra/p and Spin-Houfe together, has on the ground-floor rooms for men. In the floor above it are four apertures two feet by three and a half each into the wool warehoufe above. Thefe were lately made by the advice of a judicious Phyfician (a Profeflbr), who thought the GEN. Sect. IV. HOLLAND, 131 the men's rooms not fufficiently airy, though they have op- polite windows ; the men fleeping as well as working in them : on which account they are flill fomewhat offenfive. Women have a work-room, and a lodging -room quite feparate : both of them very clean. All the prifoners are employed on a woollen manufad:ure, AT Lewarden the Rajp-Houfe had in It thirty-four Lewarden. men : a few of them rafping Logwood, with an inflrument compofed of ten faws united : others combing and fpinning black wool : others fpinning twine ; weaving facks, and coarfe linen cloth &c. At their leifure they make flioe- pegs, tobacco-floppers, fugar-faucers of brafs wire &c. and fell them to vifitants. In the Sphi-Hoiife adjoining, were thirty-fix women : all at work, preparing thread &c. ex- cept one, whom the Miflrefs, going up with me from her breakfaft, found idle in a warehoufe; and not only rated her for it fufficiently, but entertained me with her mur- murs upon the offence a good while after ; from whence I concluded the fault was not a very common one. AT Utrecht no prifoners in the Stadt-Honfe. The Utrecht. Keeper told me the allowance was twelve ilivers a day : " for, faid he, confinement here is not meant as punifli- ** ment; but only as fafe cuflody till trial *. After which, • The fame obfervation I remember was made to me by the Keeper at 'Nimeguen, where the allowance is ten ftivers. Here alfo were no prifoners, S 2 ** fome 132 FOREIGN PRISONS. '* Ibme who are to be puniflied by a fliort imprlfonment " areient to another Prifon, where they live on bread and *' water only." He faid a woman who had been his pri- foner, was that day fentenced to be fo punifhed for a fort- night : but he added, " She will have a fufticient quantity; and if file be ill, her food will be altered." Delft. ^x Delft there were near ninety in the Hoiifc of Cor- region : men and women quite feparate : all neat and clean, and looked healthy. They told me their allowance was five ilivers a day *. All employed on a woollen manufadlure — women fpinning, carding 6cc. — men weaving from coarfe to very fine Cloth : their tafic, to earn thirty-five ftivers a week. Some earn a fmall furplus ; but they have only half of it. A Burgomafter, to whom I mentioned that circum- ftance, faid it was the truth. They do not put more than eight or ten men to work in one room : for when large numbers are together, one idle perfon corrupts more; and there is not generally fo much work done. Here alfo, if a pri- foner has behaved well for a few years, and given proofs of amendment, the Magiftrates begin to abridge tlie time for which he was fentenced. One whom I faw very cheerful, • A GUINEA 252 d. is = II guilders 11 ftivers = 231 flivers' (for 20 ftivers is a guilder) therefore flivers are to pence as 3-> }^ ~ j_i ; i. e. II ilivers is equal to a ihilling. told Sect. IV. HOLLAND. told me the caufc of hisjey was that a year had lately been taken from his term. AT Rotterdam in the Prifon under the Stadt-Houfe Rottcr- D A. M . were neither debtors nor felons. In the Rcifp and Spin- Houfe about forty men and a hundred women. The former, three or four in a room, making FtJJnng-Nets, carding Wool, forting Coffee &c. Women moftly employed on a manufadture of Worjled, fpinning, and working at a great' wheel like thofe which at Derby are turned by water. THE PEST-HOUSE acrofs the Maes oppofite Kotterdanr Pest- HOUSE. is a fpacious building in a fmall ifle. It is nearly a fquare of one hundred and thirty feet : has four fpacious wards which are about thirty feet wide and twenty high. I men- tion this edifice, not only as it occurred to me that it. would be a good plan for a Houfe of Corredlion, being airy, and built round a court in which is a bafon of water communi- cating with the Maes; but on account of the fentiments of veneration it infpired, when I trod on the ground under which fuch piles of my brave countrymen lie buried j it having been ufed as a Military Hofpital after the fieg,e o£ Ber gen-Op-Zoom i 133 FLAN- 'H FOREIGN PRISONS. F L A N D E R THE French Provinces here and in the Netherlands are chiefly governed by the fame Arret de Parlement as their Provinces in France. I will therefore mention only one circumftance at Arras in Artois which was dif- ferent from what I had feen in France. Of one hundred and thirty-nine prifoners in this Gaol, I faw two in the court-yard who had irons. But upon alking one of them the reafon of it, he told me ** it was for attempting an cfcape." IN the Austrian Netherlands I found the Prifons in general clean j and no ficknefs prevailing in any one of them : and yet few of the Prifons have a court-yard : in moil of them every prifoner is confined to his room. In fome places, as at Antwerp &c. the allowance to Criminals is fcanty ; a pound of bread a day, and a pound of butter a week : but the deficiency is fully made up by fupplies from the Monafleries &c. Debtors very few: alimented by creditors. AT Sect. IV. FLANDERS. i^c jj AT Brussels twenty-four Felons: daily allowance two Brussels. pounds of bread fpai?! dc munition) and fome foup : on Sunday, except in Lent, a pound of meat. A Keeper of the Houfe of Corredlion was lately committed to this Gaol for abufe of his truft. Debtors are fent to another Prifon : the creditor is obliged to advance a month's aliment. In that Prifon I faw an Englilhman who had his wife and two or three children with him ; but they were not permitted to ftay at night. VILFORDE. The Houfe of Correftion now building Vilforde. near this town for all the provinces of Aujtrian Brabant, is upon the largeft fcale of any flru6ture of the kind that I have feen. It is fituated upon the great canal leading to Bnijels i and is almoft furrounded by water. The ground plot, a plan of which I have by me, is rectangular, except a fweep before the court of the Governor's houfe. The longer fides are about two hundred and ten yards; the fhorter about one hundred and fixty-feven. At the back of one of the longer lides, fronting the Weft, I counted eighty windovvs on a floor. There are the fame number oppofite, looking inwards towards the courts. Each of thefe belongs to a feparate room or cell, near fix feet and a half by five and a half, and eight feet high ; and a long paiTage eight feet and a half wide runs through each floor, into which all the oppofite rooms open. Two floors of this fide are finiflied, making three hundred and twenty rooms ; there are 136 FOREIGN PRISONS. are two more, as 5'et unliniflied, of the lame number of rooms. Each of the two fliorter fides has one hundred and feventy-fix rooms, of the lame fize as the others, and on a-3 many floors. Part of thefe fides are finiihed ; fo that, including fome rooms on each (ide the Governor's houfe, about five hundred are now ready of the nine hundred and ninety-two. On fome vacant ground at the Ihorter fides more rooms will be built if wanted. Of fo great importance is it wifely judged by thefe Provinces to keep every prifoner at night by himfelf, that this vaft number of rooms is contrived that each may lodge one f erf on only. On each fide the gate of the court before the Governor's houfe is a Porter's lodge. Prifoners will pafs this way to their refpedlive wards behind the Houfe. Thofe committed for lif« will be quite feparate from thofe who are for a limited term : and men totally fo from women ; not only in their Wards f Work-rooms, and RefeBories ; but alfo in two dif- iin&. Chapels. Thefe Chapels are odtagons of about thirty- five feet ; and on each floor the prifoners will have a room looking into them. The work-rooms are numerous ; about forty feet by twenty : fome up ftairs, others under ground for weaving fine linen : but no prifoners are to fleep under ground. Staircafes all flone, fix feet wide : fome dark cells for confining the refradlory. A Kitchen forty-feven feet by thirty-four : Bakehoufe, and Slaughtcrhoufe large in pro-« portion, and commodious. Convenient apartments for feveral Sect. IV. FLANDERS. 137 feveral Chaplains : and proper rooms for a military guard. No prifoners as yet : and two fpacious Infirmaries defigned, are not begun. AT Mechlin one of the befl rooms in the Prifon is for Mechlik. Debtoj's : but none in it. Three criminals up flairs: no dungeons. Allowance, two fixpenny loaves and a pound of butter weekly : on Sunday a pound of meat, and fome foup : three pints of fmall beer daily. Straw, and two blankets. Firing from the ifl: of November to the ift of May. Clean linen every week from a charity. I will not defcribe the mode of Torture. AT Bruges there is to the Prifon a court-yard for Bruges, Criminals, and another for Debtors: but the former are never let out. Each fort has a daily allowance in money, about three-pence halfpenny Englifh ; provifions rather cheaper than in London : a clean fhirt every week. Debtors have the allowance from their Creditors -, who alfo pay the Keeper a fmall fee at the entrance of the prifoner, and a penny a day during his confinement. No under-ground dungeons. Two things are remarkable in this Prifon, and well worth imitating. One is the care they take of the Sick. There are two Medical Books, one for the City, the other for the Seigneuries or Lordfliips of Pariflies, which are governed by different Magiftrates, but the Prifon is common to both. The Phyfician at every vifit enters his T prefcription 138 FOREIGN PRISONS. in the refpedllve Book, which is carried to the Apothecary ; who after copying the Recipe, fends the book back again j and it is kept in the room where the Magiftrates meet to hold a Court of Judicature, infpeft the Prifon &c. I fpent fome hours in looking over them. The prefcriptions are written with regularity for many years paft. Bark and Cordials were almoft conftant ingredients in the Recipe. They are not troubled with infedlious diftempers ; but perhaps the Phylicians are fomewhat apprehenfive of them, and order thofe preventives with fuccefs. The Phylician or- ders a Surgeon to attend when the cafe requires one : and at his order alfo the Keeper provides for the fick. Soup, white Bread &c. the Magiftrates allowing for this Fourteen- pence a day, to continue till countermanded by the Phyfician. Some fick prifoners have been many weeks thus liberally provided for» The other exemplary practice is their care of Legacies and Donations. In the Council-Chamber, under a pidlure reprefenting viliting the fick, feeding the hungry, and re- leafing the prifoner, there is in a frame a printed Lift of all Charities given or bequeathed to the Prifoners from the year 131 5 to 1734; with the names and intentions of the feveral Donors : and in another fmall frame is a memorial of the time at which each bequeft is to be diftributed. Ghent. AT //.) c//^//jf^ XT ^^y r>j//J /(}/■> //n///f/M t>' rr^// LONDON. 151 NEWGATE, GAO LER, Richard Akerman. Salary, £100. Fees, Debtors, - ;^o : 8 : 10 Felons, - : 18 : 10 Mifdemeanours 7 or Fines, y 14 : 10 Tranfports, - - : 14 : lO Licence, for Beer and Wine. PRISONERS, Allowance to Debtors, 7 Felons,^ ^P^"">^ loaf a day. (SeeR Garnifh, Debtors, - ^^o ; : 5 : 6 Felons &c. - ; : 2 : 6 Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c, 1775, March 5, 2Z - - 190 --76, March i, 38 - - 129 May 17, 46 - - 212 Dec. 26, 2;^ - - 152 CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. FilleUe. Duty — Sunday twice j every day Prayers; once a month Sacrament. Salary, ^35, &c. (See Remarks.) SURGEON, Mr. Olney. Salary, ;^50, for all Prifoners. THE Builders of Old Newgate feem to have regarded in their Remarks. plan, nothing but the fingle article of keeping prifoners in fafe cuf- tody. The rooms and cells were fo clofe, as to be almoft the con- ftant 152 LONDON. NEWGATE, ftant feats of difeafe, and fources of infeftion ; to the deftruftion of multitudes, not only in the Prifon, but abroad. The City had there- fore very good reafon for their refolution to build a new Gaol. The Plate will give a better idea of it than any defcription. I give the plan, rather to gratify the curiofity of my Readers, than as a model to be followed. Many inconveniences of the old Gaol arc avoided in this new one : but it has fome manifefl errors. It is now too late to point out particulars. All I will fay, is, that without more than ordinary care, the prifoners in it will be in great danger of the Gaol-Fever. The Cells built in Old Newgate a few years fince for condemned malefaftors, are intended for the fame ufe at prefent. I fhall there- fore give fome account of them. There are upon each of the three floors five cells : all vaulted, near nine feet high to the crown. The cells on the ground-floor meafure full nine feet by near fix; the five on the firft ftory are a little larger, on account of the fet-ofF in the wall ; and the five uppermoll, ftill a little larger for the fame reafon. In the upper part of each cell, is a window double grated, near three feet by one and a half. The doors are four inches thick. The flrong flone wall is lined all round each cell with planks, ftudded with broad-headed nails. In each cell is a barrack-bedftcad. I was told by thofe who attended me, that criminals who had affefled an air of boldnefs during their trial, and appeared quite un- concerned at tlie pronouncing fentence upon them, were ftruck with horror, and fhed tears when brought to thefe darkfome folitary abodes. The New Chapel is plain and neat. Below are three or four pews for men felons &c. On each fide is a gallery : that towards the -women's ward is for them : in it is a pew for the Keeper, whofe pre- fence LONDON. 153 fence may fet a good example and be otherwife ufeful. The other newgate. gallery towards the debtors ward is for them. The flairs to each gallery are on the outfide of the Chapel. I WENT once to Prayers there. Mr. Villette read them diflindly, and with propriety : the few prifoners who were prefent, feemed at- tentive : but we were diflurbed by the noife in the yard. Mr. Villette told me " that was always the cafe, even on Sundays." Surely they who will not go to Chapel, who are by far the greater number, fhould not be fuffered to hinder the edification of fuch as are better difpofed. The Chaplain (or Ordinary) befides his falary, has a Houfe in Newgate-flreet, clear of Land-Tax ; two Freedoms yearly, which commonly fell for twenty-five pounds each -, Lady Barnadiflon's Legacy, fix pounds a year ; an old Legacy paid by the Governors of St, Bartholomew's Hofpital, ten pounds a year : the City generally prefents him once in fix months with another Freedom. He engages when chofen to hold no other living. Debtors have every day from the Chamber of London fixteen flone of beef : Fines eight flone : and fome years Felons eight ftone. Debtors have feveral Legacies. I inquired for a lift of them, and Mr. Akerman told me " The Table in Maitland's Survey, which he fhewed me, was authentic. " The amount of it is ^53 -.5:8 a year. He faid there were alfo a few more. TABLE 154 LONDON. NEWGATE. TABLE OF FEES. Londonfs. \ Table of Fees to be taken by the Gaoler or xJL Keeper of Newgate within the faid City of London for any Prifoner or Prifoners committed or coming into Gaol or Chamber-Rent there or difcharge from thence in any civil ACTiOff fettled and efl-ablifhed the nineteenth day of December in the third year of the reign of his Majefty King George the Second Annoque Domini 1729 purfuant to an Aft of Parliament lately made intituled An Aft for the Relief of DEBTORS with refpeft to the Imprifonment of their Perfons. £. S. D. Every Prifoner on the mafter fide fliall pay to the Keeper T for his entrance-fee — — — 3 Every Prifoner on the matter fide fhall pay for chamber "^ room ufe of bed bedding and flieets to the Keeper there r o : i : 3 being two in a bed and no more each per week — -' Every Prifoner on the faid mafter fide who at his own defire ") fhall have a bed to himfelf, fhall pay to the Keeper for ^ o : 2 : 6 chamber room ufe of bed bedding and flieets per week -^ Every Debtor fhall pay to the Keeper for his difcharging fee o : 6 : 10 'And to all the Turnkeys two (hillings and no more — 0:2:0 No other Fee for the ufe of chamber bed bedding or fheets or upon the commitments or difcharge of any Prifoner on any civil afUon. Edw" Becher roB^ RAYMOND Robt Alsop r. eyre Ino Barnard tho= PENGELLY Mr. LONDON. 1^^ Mr. Akerman fhewed me another Table of Fees which was newgate. given him for his direftion when he commenced Keeper. It is as follows : Fees to be taken by the Keeper of Newgate. For every Debtor's difcharge — For every Felon's difcharge — For every Mifdemeanour •— Every Debtor's entrance on the Mailer's fide Every Felon's entrance on the Mailer's fide Every Perfon admitted into the Prefs-yard For every Tranfport's difcharge — For every Bailable Warrant — £■ 5. D. o : 8 : 10 o : i8 : 10 o : 14 ; ; 10 : 3 : : 10 : 6 3 : 3 : o : 14 : 10 3 : 6 ; ; 8 X 2 HIS 156 LONDON. HIS MAJESTY'S PRISON THE FLEET, for debtors. WARDEN, John Eyles, Efq. Deputy Warden and Clerk of the Papers, Daniel Hopkins. Salary Fees, £1 : 6 : % - - T on entrance, per account 0:2:0 Turnkey, 5 from the Prifoners. Licence, for Beer and Wine to John Cartwright, who holds of the Warden on leafe the Tap &c. (See Remarks.) PRISONERS, Allowance, none. Garnifh, 0:2:0 Number - - In the Houfe. In the Rules. 1774, April 26, 171 - - 71 --76, 2, 241 - - 78 CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Homer. Duty — Sunday twice j Wednefday Prayers. Salary SURGEON, None. Remarks. TO this Prifon were committed formerly thofe who incurred the difpleafure of the Star-Chamber. In the i6th of Charles I. when that Court was abolilhed, it became a Prifon for Debtors -, and for perfons LONDON. 157 perfons charged with contempts of the Courts of Chancer)^, Exche- fleet. quer, and Common Pleas. In 1728 many abufes praftifed by the Warden were the fubjedt of parliamentary inquiry. The Prifon was rebuilt a few years fince. At the front is a narrow court-yard. At each end of the building, there is a fmall projedion, or wing. There are four floors, they call them Galleries, befides the cellar-floor, called Bartholomew -Fair. Each gallery confifts of a pafl'age in the middle, the whole length of the Prifon, i. e. fixty-fix yards ; and rooms on each fide of it about fourteen feet and a half by twelve and a half, and nine and a half high. A chimney and window in every room. The pafl!ages are narrow (not feven ktt wide) and darkifh, having only a window at each end. On the firft floor, the Hall-Gallery, to which you afcend eight fteps, are, a Chapel, a Tap-room, a Coffee-room (lately made out of two rooms for Debtors), a room for the Turnkey, another for the Watchman, and eighteen rooms for Prifoners. Besides the Cofi'ee-room and Tap-room, two ofthofe eighteen rooms, and all the cellar-floor, except a lock-up room to confine the diforderly, and another room for the Turnkey, are held by the Tap- fter, John Cartwright, who bought the remainder of the leafe at public auftion in 1775. The cellar- floor is fixteen fleps be- low the hall-galler)'. It confifts of the two rooms juft now men- tioned, the Tapfter's kitchen, his four large beer and wine cellars, and fifteen rooms for Prifoners. Thefe fifteen, and the two. before- mentioned 158 LONDON. FLEET. mentioned on the hall-gallery, the Tapfter lets to Prilbners for four to eight (hillings a week. *. On the frjl Gallery (that next above the hall-gallery) are twenty- five rooms for Prifoners, On the/econd Gallery twenty-feven rooms. One of them, fronting the flaircafe, is their Committee-room. A room at one end is an Infirmary. At the other end in a laige room over the Chapel is a dirty Billiard-table ; kept by the Prifoner wlio fleeps in that room. On the higheft Ilory are twenty-feven rooms. Some of thefe upper rooms, viz. thofe in the wings, are larger than the reft i being over the Chapel, the Tap-room, &c. All the rooms I have mentioned are for Mafler's-fide Debtors. The weekly rent of thofe not held by the Tapfter is one ftiilling and three-pence unRirniftied. They fall to the Prifoners in fucceffion, thus : when a room becomes vacant, the firft Prifoner upon the lift of fuch as have paid their entrance-fees, takes pofTenion of it. When the Prifon was built, the Warden gave each Prifoner his choice of a room according to his feniority as Prifoner. If all the rooms be occupied, a new comer muft hire of fome tenant a part of his room j or ftiift as he can. Prifoners are excluded from all right of fucceflion to the rooms held by the Tapfter, and let at the high rents aforefaid. The apartments for Common-fide Debtors are only part of the right wing of the Prifon. Befides the cellar (which was intended * An impofition of the fame kind is noted in the Report of the Gaol- Coramittee 1728. for LONDON. 159 for their kitchen, but is occupied with lumber, and fliut up) there fleet. are four floors. On each floor is a room about twenty-four or twenty-five feet fquare, with a fire-place ; and on the fides feven clofets or cabins to fleep in. Such of thefe Prifoners as fwear in Court or before a Commiffioner that they are not worth five pounds, and cannot fubfift without charity, have the donations which are fent to the Prifon, and the begging-box, and grate. Of them there were at my lafl: vifit fixteen. I HAVE in the Report of the Committee of the Houfe of Commons 1728 a Table offome Charities; but I faw no fuch Table in the Prifon. There is plenty of water from the river and pumps: and a ipa- cious yard behind the Prifon. r MENTIONED the billiard-table. They alfo play in the yard at flcittles, miffifippi, fives, tennis, &c. And not only the Prifoners : 1 faw among them feveral butchers and others from the market ; who are admitted here as at another public houfe. The fame may be feen in many other Prifons where the Gaoler keeps or lets the tap. Befides the inconvenience of this to Prifoners ; the frequenting a Prifon lefl'ens the dread of being confined in one. ^ On Monday night there is a Wine-Club : on Thurfday night a Beer-Club : each lafting ufually till one or two in the morning. I need not fay how much riot thefe occafion ; and how the fober Pri- foners are annoyed by them. Seeing s«o LONDON. iBikeCc s ftic 21J Fn- I vj&s ^i |^ ^ ":iy .1 R> ^ ia das Pd&a a TaUe of Fees mrgjJ?^";^ if ^at <■ ife Ocxks oftfe Fipos ad Iai|HitB: «d ^k ike of k was i~=7, L c btSetc tkc Omwiih. of ife Haa^ of ?. - -. - tTt r 's Oak of tfe Papas far a hser ::kkHe«DL Ic b s fiillovs. A TA31-- re i-EES s) be skea br dae Cjek osuit Papers GE, »ESOLUTIOS tA-TWc LONDON. i6i 7^ That Aoeu di? zzi cxgi: to be :iid r; 1!^? Ctic.* £. S. D. o( tie Pfipen f.r iii C-nifii- .:' _- ?r_:-er . I dlTdbarge ddirered to tfe Priibs^ V.-Vf-^lf » izi/rz.: > z : 2 : 6 SBj isgztd to dK mmba o£ caaiei he £ood cssrged I wiii — — — — ■* Aad fix- ^ Ce rJi c ate to t&e Wazda of iscfc-) (H&faarge — — — 3 €tk. Tli2t tbere is doe ssd o^^ «d be paid die Cksic^ of tkelaqsiriesaa ifeifiicfaiseef £Pn&aer brdker 0:2:6 Crei&or aad aot bjr &mferje^e^ — — "^ 14:^1. Tlsx zuezz ii s. Fee of 5& 4d doe is tke Ckzk m ijke. Papes Sz dK aDowaaoe of every Wiit of Bsieai Cmfas aad 4iK &r dK Return of die izft oaie aad zfk Sac enrj acker casie a^ao THERE is in the Priiba a Table ofRxnii or Oxcris. Tbev were made at Tery diftant times, from the reign of Qoeen Elizabeth, to the date tfaey bear ; and faaae of them partly axndde with odien : liaoSE which I hare put together ix> avcMd i f^^a^tt^Mj 2nd have prefomed to alxidge the wh<^ HILARY 3d GEORGE E. 1:19. I. 1. 3. WARDEN" or Depoty to appoint Turnkeys &c. with Anns : to &op peCkms brii^pmg Arsis, and wazcH if an escape be in ^jicatioii. J- "WASDiX to difeibure charitT-mooey. He, or his Agem, to keep 0:^ key of tiie box : aad the Priib-s^ aaocber. 5- i62 LONDON. ftEET. 5. 6. 12, If a Mafter-fide Debtor fhall negled for three months to pay his chamber-rent ; the Warden may, not lock him up, but, remove him to the Common-fide; delivering to him his goods by a witnefled inventory. After difcharge, if legal dues be ftill unpaid, he may be detained in the Common-ward : the door of which is never to be Jfhut but at night (fummer at ten, winter at nine) : and then a Watchman muft attend to open it for thofe who muft go to the yard &c. 7. Such as attempt to efcape, or greatly miftjehave, may be Ihut up in aclofe room or dungeon. N. B. It was reported to the four Judges whofe names are here fubfcribed, and who made inquiry concerning it, to be " hoarded wholefome and dry." 8. 18. Warden to repair the whole Houfe, Chapel, Drains &c. and keep all clean. To take care that Divine Service be duly performed, and the Sacraments adminiftred. Prifoners to attend. 9. Against clandeftine Fleet-marriages. 10. Those who blafpheme, curfe, fwear, or are diforderly, to be fet in the ftocks. 11. 13. Warden or Deputy to difpofe of the chambers, and tap: and fee that good order be obferved in the public rooms &c. 14. Warden to take effeftual care that no Prifoner be carried to a Spunging-houfe ; and that no garnish be demanded from a new comer. 15. Warden to caufe a Table of Gifts and Bequejis^ written in a fair and legible hand, to be hung up in the Hall. And to fee that no Prifoner be defrauded of his (hare. None of the fervants to partake or diftribute. 16. LONDON. 163 16. Every Prifoner not worth five pounds &c. (As before in fleet. Remarks.) 17, Two rooms to be an Infirmary for Common-fide Debtors. No Prifoner obliged to fleep with one that is difeafed. 19. Coroner's Inqueft upon the dead: and corps to be delivered to the friends, free of coft. 20. Warden not to remove a Prifoner to the King's Bench by Habeas Corpus. 11, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26. Warden to keep books, and regifter commitments, courts from whence, declarations, difcharges, writs o? Habeas Corpus. TipftafFand Judge's Clerk to keep each a feparate book of Prifoners delivered up at a Judge's Chamber, 27. All thofe books, except the Tipftaff^'s, to be kept in the Pub- lic Office of the Clerk of the Papers ; acceflible to all perfons for copying &c. 28. No Clerk, Ofiicer, or Servant of any Judge to take a Fee on occafion of a petition or complaint, founded upon the fore- going Orders, or any mifgovernment. 29. That the Warden and his Officers do treat the feveral Prifoners in his cuftody with all tendernefs and humanity : and that fuch Prifoners do behave themfelves toward the Warden with that fubmilTion and regard which the law requires. R. EYRE -i C ALEX. DENTON ROB"^ PRICE 5 C J. FORTESCUE A Y2 THERE i64 LONDON. FLEET. THERE is, moreover, a little Code of Laws, eighteen in num- ber, enafted by the Mafter's-fide Debtors, and printed by D. Jones 1774. It eftabliflies a Prefident, a Secretary, and a Committee, which is to be chofen every month, and to confift of three mem- bers from each Gallery. Thefe are to meet in the Committee- room every Thurfday : and at other times when fummoned by the Cryer, at command of the Prefident, or of a majority of their own number. They are to raife contributions by affeffment : to hear complaints : determine difputes : levy fines ; and feize goods for payment. Their Senfe to be deemed the fenfe of the whole Houfe. The Prefident or Secretary to hold the cafli ; the Committee to dif- pofe of it. Their Scavenger to wafli the galleries once a week ; to water and fweep them every morning before eight ; to fweep the yard twice every week ; and to light the lamps all over the Houfe. No perfon to throw out water &c. any where but at the finks in the yard. The Cryer may take of a Stranger a penny for calling a Prifoner to him ; and of a Complainant two-pence for fummoning a Special Committee. For blafphemy, fwearing, riot, drunkennefs,- &c. the Committee to fine at difcretion : for damaging a lamp, fine a fhil- ling. They are to take from a New Comer, cw the firft Sunday, befides the two fliillings garnish to be fpent in wine, one Ihilling and fix-pence to be appropriated to the ufe of the Houfe. Common-side Prifoners to he confined to their own apartments^ and not to aflbciate with thefe law-makers, nor to ufe the fame conveniences. NEW L O N D O N.. 165 NEW L U D G A T E, IN B I S H O P G AT E-S T R E E T, THIS Prifon for Debtors who are free of the City, for Clergy- Remarks. men, Proclors and Attorneys, was formerly a Bridewell to the London Work-houfe adjoining. On the ground-floor are, a long-roofn, a tap-room, and a kitchen. In each of them is a flaircafe; leading firft to eleven rooms for Mafler-fide Debtors — viz. over the long-room, a fizeable chamber, and a room on each of the two floors above : over the tap-room, four fmall rooms, which have iron bars at the windows, and a larger room above them : over the kitchen, a fizeable chamber, and two rooms above. The Common-fide Debtors are in two large garrets, the Foreji and Dock. The Prifon is out of repair. No regard has been paid to the Adt, which enjoins white-walhing &c. A fmall Court-yard, with a Ciftern for river-water. No Infirmar)'. The Chapel is common to the Prifon and Work-houfe* The City allowance is ten ftone of beef a week : to which has been added fince the 9th of February 1776, a penny loaf a day for each Prifoner. The Lord Mayor and Sheriffs fend annually coals : and i66 LONDON. NEW and MefT"- Calvert and Co. fend from the Peacock-brewhoufe weekly LUDCATE. ^ generous donation of two barrels of fmall beer. Keeper's falar)', /70: Fees, fee Table. He lives diftant; but the Deputy is con- ftant and careful in his attendance, and refpefted by the Prifoners. 1774, April 27, Prifoners 29 1776, March 7, - -31 May 15, - - -9 Dec. 26, - - 13 A TABLEOF FEES To be taken by the Keeper of his Majefly's Prifon of Ludgate. £. S. D. Every Prifoner Ihall pay at his or her coming in — 0:1:0 Every Prifoner ftiall pay for chamber room, bed bedding-^ and (heets, in the beft fide called the Maller-fide, being ^ 0:1:3 two in a bed, each per week — — -^ Every Prifoner on the fecond lodging called the Common- -\ fide, fliall pay for ufe of chamber-rent, bed, bedding, > 0:0: if and flieets, two in a bed and no more, each per night J Every Prifoner who at his own defire fhall have a bed to -\ himfelf in any of the beft rooms called the Mafter-fide > 0:2:6 (hall pay for bed bedding and iheets per week — J Every Prifoner who at his own defire has a bed to himfelf T in the fecond lodging or Common-fide, fhall pay for r 0:0:3 chamber room, bed, bedding, and flieets per night '' Every LONDON. 167 £. S. D. Every Prifoner in the meaneft ward, who at his own defire") hath a bed to himfelf fhall pay for the ufe of bedding ?■ &c, per night — — — J Every Prifoner in the meaneft ward, two in a bed and noT more, for the ufe of bed bedding &c. per night — j If the Prifoners find their own bedding (which the Keeper") Ihall in no wife hinder) then they fhall pay for chamber- > room if more beds than one in a room, each per week ^ If the Prifoner hath a room to himfelf, and provide himfelf with bed and bedding, which the Keeper is in no fort ' to hinder him of, then he Ihall pay for chamber-room ' per week — — — — The Prifoners inability to find a couch and to pay per week 0:0: The forementioned were figned Feby 23. 1729 by Aldermen To the Keepers "^ B„ „„ ^.,,,,--.»TT^ for Hatch-Fee > ECHER RAYMOND ,.^, C at difcharge j Alsop eyre _ To the Turnkey 7 Barnard PENGELLY ^ .. i for ditto - 3 The date fliews that thefe Fees were adapted to the old Prifon, and its fundry wards. ORDERED WHOSOEVER on the Sabbath-day fhall be abfent from Chapel either at morning or evening fervice which ever may happen, unlefs NEW LUDGATE. i68 NEW LUDGATE. LONDON, unlefs ficknefs, lamenefs or fome other reafonable excufe be made appear fufficiently fatisfaftory, fhall pay a fine of Four- pence into the hands of the Steward for the time being, for every fuch omiflion : and in failure thereof not to be admitted to any fharc of the allowance or tranfient benefaftions, which the following week may produce. Signed B. Whoever is not in Chapel before the fecond Leflbn is ended, is forfeited as above. James Esdale. LIST OF BENEFACTORS To the PRISON of LUDGATE. QIR Thomas Grefham •^ Sit Roger Martin - Sir John Peachy Sir Thomas Kneefworth Mr. James Smith - Mr. John Draper - Sir William Home Mr. Robert Ferebrace - Lady Eliz. Maurice Sir William Peacock or \ Seacock - - - ■' Mr. Thomas Cottle a~| hind quarter of beef, [ £. lO 2 O I o o o o I and a peck of oatmeal i value ... -J 1- 5. o o 5 o 3 >3 5 6 o 10 o : o D. o o o o 4 4 o Carritd over - £,i% : 3:4 Brought ever Lady Mary North in bread Mr. William Reaper Mr. Thomas Dawfon Mrs. Cooke, Widow cf-j David Cooke - - 3 Mrs. Margaret Dane, 18 ftone of beef and fome bread value Mr. John Heydon Aid" Lady Mary Ramfey Mr. Peter Blundell Mr. John Ben net - Mrs. Holligrave, Widow Mr. Robert Rogers Carried ever - jC^s £• S. D. 18 : 3 ■ 4 3 : : I : : : 9 : 1 3 2 4 I o I o 10 o o S o o o o o o o 12 : 4 Brought LONDON. 169 £. S. D. Brought over - - 35 : 12 : 4 Mr. Hugh Offley - - 0:5:0 Mrs. Joan Sanbeck - 1:0:0 Mr. John Symmonds - o : 4:0 Mr. John Marfh - - 0:5:0 Mr. John Wooler - 1:0:0 Mr. William Parker - i : 10 : o Mr. Thomas Chapman o : 6:0 Mr. Richard Jacob - 2:0:0 Mr. James Hodgfon - o : 10 : o Mr. John Kendrick - i : 10 : o Carrie^/ o-ver - jf 44 : 2:4 Broiight over Lady Mary Carew - Mr. John Jackfon - Sir Ralph Freeman Dr. Lancelot Andrews Sir Thomas Cullum George Humble, Efq. Mr. Merrydith Mr. John Corbett Lady Rich John Holby, Efq. Total - 4+ : 2 : I : s •• S : 3 : 1 : 2 : 30 : 22 : ;nt. "^ S. 2 o o o o o o 2 10 o o D. 4 o o o o o o o o o o NEW LUDGATE. ;Ci29 : 14 : 4 12 : 6 Mrs. Margaret Symcott every eighth week five IhilJings worth of penny loaves, i. e. annually .... This is called Eleanor Gwynn's Bread. Mr. Thomas Stretchley every third year £,z. and ^^4 to difcharge two Prifoners every 5 th year Mrs. Eliz. Miflbn the yearly produce of ^200 3 per cent Annuitys for meat bread and coals Chamber of London yearly - . _ - Worlhipfull Compy of Mercers the yearly intereft of ^^45 : 4 : i old S. S. annuities, about - . . Total - ^141 : 16 : 4 2 : 6 7 •■ O The Sums are called in my Copy, Yearly lie. Gifts of the refpeftive Donors. I underftand it to mean Bequefts for ever. Z POULTRY l']0 LONDON. POULTRY COMPTER. KEEPER, Chrijlopber Hayes, who purchafed of the City for life and has fometimes let it. Salary, none. (See Remarks.) Fees, Debtors, - /o : 15 : 8 Felons, - o : 13 : 4 Tranfports, taken from the Old Bailey by Mr. Akerman. Licence, for Beer and Wine. Tap let. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, a penny loaf a day. (See Remarks.) Felons, a penny loaf a day. Garnilli, Debtors, ^0:4: 8, Felons, 0:1:6 Number of - -, Debtors. 1774, April 26, 77 - 1776, March 12, 72 May 15, 90 Dec. 3, 53 - CHAPLAIN, Rev. Dr. rrujler. Duty — Every other Sunday evening. (See Remarks.) ^lary, I20. SURGEON, None. It is called Ward-dues for Candles &c. Felons &c. 10 6 ir o Remarks. FOR Mafter's-fide Debtors there are about fifteen rooms between the inner and outer gates. For Common-fide Debtors, fix wards within the inner gate, two of them on the ground-floor, viz. the King's LONDON. 171 King's Ward, in which were twenty-four Debtors ; and the Prince's poultry Ward, nine Debtors. In each of thefe wards, fome Prifoners (for compter. want of more foonri) fleep on a broad fhelf or cabin over thofe on the lower beds. Above thofe wards are the Middle Ward, in it were twenty Debtors ; and the Women's Ward, two Debtors. Above them are the U'ppr Ward, eleven Debtors j and the Jews Ward*, four Jew Debtors. Near the middle ward, on the fame floor, is a clofe darkifh room for the fick. In each ward, a fire-place. The rooms are out of repair : and no regard has been paid to the late Aft for white-wafliing &c. but the Debtors keep the floors very clean. The yard is fmall, but that alfo is clean: the water conftantly running. The Tap-room is in the Court-yard. Adjoining to it is the Felons Day-room, the Bell. Their Night-rooms, one for men, an- other for women, are up flair*. But the women's room was once occupied for a work-fhop by a Prifoner, a cooper j and the women flept in the Bell below. No flraw or bedding. Gn one fide of the Court-yard is a Chapel ; with a narrow gallery all round for Mafler's-fide Debtors. A man who is not in orders preaches on Sunday mornings j and gives the Prifoners books, or a little money : they fpoke of him refpedlfully. The Chapel, and in- deed the whole of this Prifon, is quite out of repair. At the roof of the Prifon, all round, are fpacious leads, on which the Mafler's-fide Debtors are fometimes allowed to walk : but then the Keeper is with them : for the leads communicate with the ad- • It were to b« wifhed that in other Prifons, thofe people had the generous and juft indulgence of being kept feparate. Z 2 joining 172 LONDON. POULTRY joining houfes, one of which affords a ready efcape from fo clofe % COMPTER. Prifonincafeoffire. Besides the penny loaf a day, which is from the Chamber of London, there are fome Legacies : and the Prifoners (the Debtors) have alfo from the Peacock-brewhoufe (Mefl""- Calvert's and Co.) a kind donation of two barrels of fmall beer a week. In this Prifon eight men had with them their wiv^s and nineteen children. The other Prifoners, I learned, had forty-four wives and one hundred and forty-four children, not in the Gaolt The Claufes of the Aft againft Spirituous Liquors are not hungup. The Keeper pays the City £2° ^ y^^^j r^^t, which is refunded to hiin for the Fees of the pooreft Prifoners. POULTRY COMPTER viz. A TABLE of FEES taken by the Warden, Gaoler, or Keeper of the Poultry Compter within the City of London for any Prifoner or Prifoners Commitment or coming into Gaol, or Chamber-Rent there, or Difcharge from thence, in any civil action fettled and eftablifhed the 15th January, in the 3d year of the reign of King George IL and in the year of our Lord 1729 purfuant to an Adt of Parliament lately made, entitled " An Aft for the Relief of Debtors with refpeft to the Imprifonment of their Perfons." £■ S. D. Every Prifoner who .it his own defire fhall go into the bcft-\ ward on the Mafter-fide (hall pay to the Keeper for his > o : 3 r o Entrance Fee — — — J To the Turnkeys for fach entrance — 0:1:0 Every Prifoner in the bcft ward on the Mafter-fide to pay ") f o : 6 : 10 to the Keeper for his Difchargiiig Fee — j To LONDON, 173 3 10 o £' S. D. POULTRY To the Turnkeys upon fuch difcharge — 0:1:0 COMPTER» Every fuch Prifoner in the beft ward on the Mafter-fide,i who at his own defire fhall have a bed to himfelf to pay | for chamber-room ufe of bed bedding and Iheets, to j pay to the Keeper per week — — Iftwoinabed, and no more — for chamber room, ufe of" bed bedding and Iheets to pay to the Keeper each per ( week — — — In the fecond ward on the Mafter-fide to the Keeper for " their entrance fee to pay — — To the Keeper on their difcharge — — o u 6 To the Turnkeys on fuch difcharge — 0:2: Every fuch Prifoner at his own defire fhall have a bed to him -j orherfelf to pay for chamber, ufe of bed bedding and > 0:2: Iheets to the Keeper per week — — -J If two in a bed and no more to pay for chamber room ufe of bed bedding and Iheets, each per week — In the third ward commonly called the fifteenpenny ward "J entrance nothing, when difcharged to the Keeper ^ To the Turnkeys on fuch difcharge — Every fuch Prifoner fhall have at his own defire a bed to- him, or herfelf to pay to the Keeper for chamber room | for the ufe of bed bedding and fheets, per week If two in a bed and no more, to pay for chamber room ufe' of bed bedding and iheets, each per week — In the fourth or common wiard, for entrance and lodging nothing When difcharged to the Keeper — *- 0:6:0 To the Turnkey on fuch difcharge — — 0:3:0 WOOD^ 0:1 o : 6 7t J74 L O N D O N. WOOD-STREET COMPTER. KEEPER, John Kerby. Salary, none. (See Remarks.) Fees, Debtors, - ;^o : 15 : 8 Felons, - 0:11:6 Tranfports, taken from the Old Bailey by Mr. Akerman. Licence, for Beer and Wine. Tap let. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, 7 ^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^^ Remarks.) Felons, ^ Garnifh, ^0:1:2 Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, March i, 91 - - 3 J776, 12, 71 - - 36 May 10, 69 - - 3 1777, Jan. lo, 85 - - 25 CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Naijh. Duty — Sunday (conflant). Salary, ^^30. SURGEON, None. f^ee Remarks. J Remarks. THIS Prifon, built, as appears by infcription on tlie front, in 1670, has only a fmall Court-yard or Paflage for all Prifoners. Many apartments : yet but two rooms for Common-fide Debtors : that for the men, which is their day-room, night-room, and kitchen, ■with a copper &c. is darli and dirty j about thirty-five feet by eighteen. STREET COMPTER. LONDON. 175 eighteen, and iixreen feet high; far too fmall for the number of wood- Prifoners ; many of whom fleep in twenty-three beds which are on three flories of galleries, or broad llielves. At one of my vifits there were in this room thirty-nine Debtors ; feven of them had their wives and children. The room fwarms with bugs. The day and night-room for Women Debtors is more lightfome : in it were only two Prifoners. Beyond it is a room ruinous, and fit for no ufe. For Men Felons there are two rooms : and two for Women : one of thefe is a dark cell. No bedding or ftraw. Thofe who choofe a bed pay a fhilling a night : or elfe ten fhillings and fix-pence fioorage, and three lliillings and fix-pence a week. Near thofe four rooms are twenty-three rooms for Mafler's-fidc Debtors. In the Court-yard is the Chapel : and under it the Tap-room, down fixteen fteps. All the rooms aforefaid are within the inner gate; between which and the outer gate (i. e. in the Keeper's houfe) are more rooms for Mafter's-fide Debtors. The Prifon is greatly out of repair : the main wall on one fide^ fhored and propped. No Infirmary. The Keeper pays to the Chamber of London ^30 a year rentj which is repaid him for Fees of the pooreft Prifoners. He alfo pays Window-tax ^5:1:0. I LEARNED from him that in the beginning of the year 1773 his Prifoners were fickly, and eleven died. Since that time the Go- vernors of the General Difpenfary have fhewn a kind attention to thefe poor people ; and ordered their Ph^fician, Dr. Lettfom, to vifit 176 LONDON. WOOD- vifit them. He is efteemed by the Prifoners : and at my laft vifits, s'^^^" all were well COMPT£R. The allowance of a penny loaf Is from the Chamber of London. Debtors (fome of whom are from the Court of Confcience) have from the Peacock-brewhoufe (Mefl'"- Calvert and Co.) a donation of two barrels of fmall beer a week : and from the Sheriffs thirty-two pounds of beef on Saturday. Mr. Taylor, formerly a baker, has for fome years fent tliem weekly a large leg and fliin of beef There are many Legacies for Common-fide Debtors, who receive them quarterly. The annual amount is ;^59 -.2:11. Some years fince, there came once a fortnight to Common-fide Debtors in this Prifon, nine ftone of beef, and fourteen quartern loaves : and the like relief to other Prifons alfo. The Charitable Hand was concealed 4 till, the Donation failing on the death of the amiable Princefs Caroline ; it was fuppofed that her Highnefs had been the generous Benefadtrefs. And .upon reprefenting to the Lady who had been Almoner to the Princefs, the diftrefs of the Prifoners, fhe obtained from the King a Renewal of the Charity ; which was continued during his Majefty's life. ] A TABLE of the FEES to be paid by the Prifoners in Wood-street Compter. 5 : o >C- S. D. For every Debtor that hath a room on the Mafter-fide, t for his or her entrance or floorage - - - j For his or her rent per week provided the Keeper findT bed, bedding and iheets - - - , - 3 If LONDON. If two ill one room, to pay weekly each of them - - If Debtor or Debtors provide their own bed bedding, &c. - to pay for one or two in one room, weekly for the j room - - .._.-».. ch Debtor on his or her difcharge on the Mailer- Side ... For every Debtor in the ward called the fifteen penny ward — if the Keeper provide bed bedding and one fheet — weekly - . . . . - For every Debtor on the Keeper's-Side, on his or her en- trance there, to pay - . - - . - For each room — to pay weekly . . - . - o All Perfons in any of the Charity Wards to pay no entrance, T or rent - - _.-.-j For every Prifoner committed for felony, mifdemeanouror") aflault on his or her difcharge, (except by proclama- r o tion at a Gaol delivery, then nothing) - - -^ For the copy of commitment - - . _ o c o : u 12 o lO 8 6 177 £• S. D. WOOD- : I •■ i STREET COMPTER A a BRIDE- 178 LONDON. BRIDEWELL IN BLACK-FRYARS. Remarks. / ■"^HIS building was formerly a Palace, near St. Bridget's i (St. Bride's) Well } from whence it had the name j which, after it became a Prifon, was applied to other Prifons of the fame fort*. It was given to the City by King Edward VI. in 1552. That part of Bridewell which relates to my fubjeA has wards for men and women quite feparate. — The men's ward on the ground- floor is a day-room in which they beat hemp ; and, down a ftep, their night-room. One of the upper chambers is fitting up for an Infirmary. — The women's ward is a day-room on the ground-floor in which they beat hemp j and a night-room over it. I was told that the chamber above this is to be fitted up for an Infirmary. The fick have, hitherto, been commonly fent to St. Bartholomew's Hofpital. All the Prifoners are kept within doors. The women's rooms are large, and have oppofite windows, for frefh air. Their ward, as well as the men's, has plenty of water: and there is a Hand-Ventilator on the outfide, with a tube to each room of the women's ward. This is of great fervice, when the rooms are crowded with Prifoners,. and the weather is warm. The Prifoners are employed by a Hemp-dreflTer, who has the • Johnfon's Diftionary, profit > LONDON. 179 profit of their labour, an apartment in the Prifon, and a falaiy of bride- j^i4. I generally found them at work: they are provided for, fo as well. to be able to perform it. The hours of work are in winter from eight to four; in fummer from fix to fix, dedufling meal-times. The Steward is allowed eight-pence a day for the maintenance of each Prifoner ; and contracts to fupply them as follows — On Sunday, Monday, Tuefday and Thurfday, a penny loaf, ten ounces of drefled beef without bone, broth, and three pints of ten lliilling beer : on Wednefday, Friday, and Saturday, a penny loaf, four ounces of cheefe or fome butter, a pint of milk-pottage, and three pints of ten fliilling beer. The Porter or Keeper is John Brown. Salary j^8o ; no Fees. To the women's ward there is a Matron, Sarah Lyon, Salary (JiO. She takes care of the fick, both men and women ; and is allowed a fhilling a day for thofe that are put on the fick diet. In Bridewell is a Public Chapel : the Prifoners go thither on Sunday morning (except fuch as are, in a manner, deftitute of ap- parel) : the men and women feparated from each other, and from the refl: of the congregation. On the walls of the Hall and Court-room are hung up many Tables of very confiderable Gifts and Legacies to this Hofpital, in common with others : fufficient, one would think, to have made this Prifon more commodious, by providing feveral work-rooms, and lodging-rooms, for keeping the Prifoners more feparate. In winter they have fome firing. The night-rooms are fupplied with ftraw. No other Prifon in London has any fl;raw or other bedding. Aa 2 TO i8o LONDON. 3R IDE- TO this Prilbn were c :ominittcd. WELL. In the year - ■ 1772, - Prifoners 1709 I773> - - 777 I774> - - 808 i775> - - 1084 I found there in 1776, March 13, Prifoners - 20 May ij - - 7 Dec. 3, - - 24 At my laft vifit the Infirmaries were finiftied. THE Bridewell Boys are upon a quite different Foundation, and foreign to my fubjed. NEW LONDON. i8i NEW PRISON CLERKENWELL, GAOLER, James Elmore. Salary, ^30. (See Remarks.) Fees, - ^0:7:0 Tranfports, the Expence. Licence, for Beer and Wine. The Tap let. PRISONERS, Allowance, a penny loaf a day. Garnifh, - ^0:1:4. Number of - - Felons &c. 1774, April 22, - 87 1776, March 5, - 37 May 10, - 83 Nov. 13, - 58 CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Richards. Duty— Sunday twice j Tuefday and Thurfday Prayers. Salary, £t^o. SURGEON, Mr. Gibbes. Salary, ^^60, for this Prifon and the Bridewell. THIS PRISON, built in 1775, is much more commodious than Remarks. the former of the fame name. Over the gate-way are two rooms, called Night-Charges, for Prifoners brought in the night, to be examined by a Magiftrate next day. In one of them are Keeper's beds. i82 L O N D O N. NEW PRISON' beds. From that outer gate you pafs on to the gate of the Men's Court-yard on the right hand, and of the Wonaen's to the left. To each you defcend feven fteps. In the Men's Court is a large open flied, which is their day-room. The roof too low for the depth : it has a chimney. Their night-ward, into which they are not per- mitted to go in the day-time, that the air in it may be cool and frefli, is a houfe on the other fide of the yard, divided into two parts. Each part has a room on the ground-floor, a chamber, and an upper room. In one part each of thefe rooms is thirty feet by thirty-one : in the other part, thirty by twent\- : near ten feet high : well planked all over : no chimneys. For the purpofe of tranfmitting air, every room has in front, to the yard, two windows ; and backwards three, with iron bars, and fhuttcrs ; but, very pro- perly, no glafs. Barrack-beds in every room ; but in each of the two chambers and in one of the lower rooms are other beds for thofe who pay three fhillings and fix-pence a week : when thefe beds are occupied, no Prifoners fleep on the barrack-beds in thofe rooms. In this Court is a lock-up room for the unruly. All the ftairs are ftone. On one fide of the Women's Court is their -day-room ; with a fire-place. Their night-rooms are — one on the ground-floor ranging with the day-room, and called the Low Ik'aj-d -, twent)'-one feet by feventeen, and ten feet high — a chamber over it of the fame fize — and a paflage or gallery over the day-room : on the back of it are five cabins or cupboards, each ten feet by five feet eight inches, with a barrack-bed for two prifoners, Thefe clofets will be very unwholefome ; having no air but from grates over the doors into the gallery. The two larger night-rooms have windows only in front. Iron LONDON. 183 Iron bars and fhutters : no glafs. The windows of both the Men's new prison and Women's Ward are (as they fhould be) too high for them to clerken- , , WELL. look out. The ground-floors, and the Men's Court-yard, are paved. The Women's, they told me, is to be paved alfo. There is a Pump in each Court ; and the New-River water is laid in : but not diredlly from the MaifTf and conftantly on, as it is at tKe neighbouring Prifon. A CHAPEL, almofl finifhed 5 which is to be common to this Prifon and the Bridewell. Men of the two different prifons to be on oppofite fides below -, and women in oppofite galleries. There is a room above it which lowers the ceiling. This circumftance, and the chapel not being large, will endanger its being off^enfive. The Tap-Room is near the outer gate. Prifoners do not come in- to it ; but take their liquor at a wicket made for that purpofe in the wall, that feparates ir from them. No infirmary : no bedding or ftraw. A MATRON has ,^5 falary out of the Gaoler's £2^- I" J'^^y '775 the Juftices thought fit to raife his fees from 5 s. 6 d. to 7 s. A GENEROUS Benefadtor (a falefman in Smithfield) often fends the Prifoners l^eef and bread. They have occafionally other fmall dona- tions. In the gate-way is a board on which is painted as follows. MIDDLE- i84 L O N D O N. NEW PRISON CLERK.EN- W£LL. MIDDLESEX. A TABLE OF FEES Taken by the Keeper of New-Prison Clerkenvvell. ■£' S. D. For keeping and difcharging every perfon committed by 7 r ■ f o : 6 : o warrant or commitment — — J For turning the key at every fuch perfon's difcharge — o : i : o For going with any perfon before a juftice — o : i : o For a copy of commitment — ~ — 0:1:4 Prifoners brought in by confiables of the night, and carried -5 before J ullices of the Peace and difcharged, to pay two > 0:2:0 fliillings for his or her difcharge — — J No fpirituous liquors allowed to be brought in here. CLERKEN- LONDON. X85 CLERKENWELL BRIDEWELL, KEEPER, Edward HaU. Salary, none. (See Remarks.) Fees, - - £0 -.']•. o Tranfports, taken from Court by Mr. Akerman, Licence, for Beer and Wine. Tap let. PRISONERS, Allowance, a penny loaf a day. Garnifh, - ^0:1:4 Number of - - - Prifoners. 1774, April 22, 87 1776, March 8, n May 10, 113 Nov. 13, 136 i777> Jan. 10, 108 (See Remarks.) CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Richards. Duty — Thurfday. Salary SURGEON, Mr. Gibbes, Salary, (See Ne-w Prifon.) OVER the Gate, two new rooms for Night-Charges, as at the Remarks, New Prifon. In the Prifon men and women have feparate Court- yards and Wards. The men have in their Court-yard three fheds for B b day- iS6 L O N D O N. CLERKtN- day-rooms: one fix feet by fixtecn, the other nvo fix by ten each ; ^^'•'' full ciffht feet high. Their night-rooms oppofitc on the ground- BRIDEWELL. . T , ^ft- i floor, one for 1-ines, and one for other Oftenders, arc about twenty feet by fourteen cacli i with barrack-beds. One of them was fo crowded, that fome Prifoncrs flept in hammocks hung to the ceiling. Over thefc night-rooms arc chambers with beds, for ihole who pay three fliillings and fix-pence a week. In another part of the )-ard is a Hemp-lhop or Work-lhop : through it you pafs to fix little Work-fliops for f:\ulty Apprentices j feven feet by three and a lulf each : fronting thefc aix their l\\ night-rooms, rather larger than tlie fliops ; all on the ground-floor. 1\ the \V omen's Court are three flieds or day-rooms; fame fize as thofe of the men j with a hcmp-fliop or work-fliop. Over this, and the men's work-lhop, is a long gallery or paflage ; on the back of which are twelve dark unwholfomc night-rooms for wonien ; nine feet by feven each, and teji aiid a half high : in fome of them arc beds for thofe who pay. The Prifon is. out of repair. It has not been To much as white-waflied for years: but in November 1776 the rooms were clean, and but one perfon fick ; a woman who lay on tlie floor. No rtraw. No Infinnar}'. I faw but few at work: fometimcs none at all. A Matron has ^^5 a year. The Koeivr pays Window-tax j and ^^2 a jtar for New-River water; which is diretflly from the Maixy and alwaA^s ov. Befides this they have good water at a pump in each court-yard. The Keeper had a Salary of ^50; but in July 1775 the Juftrices took ofi' the Salary, and augmented the Fees from five iliiUings and fix- LONDON. 187 fiz-pcncc to feven (hilling*. At the fame time, in liaj of Fee* from ctzzr.zu' Acquitted Prifoners, which were cancelled by the late A£t, thr/ ^'fc*''- paid the Keeper at the rate of /^ 20 a year from the time tr/hcn that Act took place. To this Bridewell, among Criminals, arc committed Dthtr,r% from the Court of Confcience : they are difcharged after fcrtty dayj. Of thefe, at nrty laft vifit, there were three. O? the one hundred and eight in January laft, above thirty were Fines, that is. Criminals committed for a term of year«, to ftve or fix. Some of thefe, ar»d of the others, were fjck. They complained to me of fore feet, which the Turnkey laid were quite black. The fick were for the moft part women of the pooreft (on -, act able to pay for beds. There v/tre, in the whole, near as many wo pnibnertat men. Or late they have made the men and women change wards and couru; thoie in which the women were be^e being thought "ftrongeft. MuUU/ex. i% T the General Quarter Seflions of the Peace—— ./jL holden in and for iht County of Middlesex at Hick.%'s Hail — (oy Ai^oununent)- — 13th of July— —i^th year-— of GEORGE m. ace Bbi A TABLE i88 LONDON. CLERKEN- A TABLE of FEES to be taken at the Houfe of Corredion WELL BRIDEWELL. at ClERKENWELL. For keeping and difcharging every Prifoner committed by Warrant, and turning the key at every fuch Prifoner's r o difcharge — — — Fpr a Copy of every Commitment — — o For going with any Prifoner before a Juftice — o Prifoners brought in by Conftables of the Night and carried ") before a Juftice — — — J £. S. D. 7 : o I : 4 I : o 4 •• By the Court, Butler, WHITE LONDON. 289 WHITE CHAPEL PRISON, FOR DEBTORS. THIS is a Prifon for the Liberty and Manor of Stepney ; and Remarks Hackney. The fon"ner includes, by a printed Lift which I have, towns, pariflies, villages, ftreets, lanes, &c. to the number of forty-fix i and was granted by King Edward VI, to Lord Wentworthj and his Heirs for ever. In it are confined thofe whofe debts are above ^2, and under j^^. The Mafter's-fide Prifoners have four fizeable chambers, fronting the road ; i. e. two on each ftory. They pay two fliillings and fix-pence a week J and lie two in a bed ; two beds in a room. The Common- fide Debtors are in two long rooms in the Court-yard, near the Tap-room. Men in one room, women in the other: the Court- yard in common. They hang out a begging-box from a little clofet in the front of the Houfe ; and attend it in turn. It brings them only a few pence a day : and of this pittance none partake but thofe who at Entrance have paid the Keeper two Ihil lings and fix-pence ; and treated the Prifoners with half a gallon of beer. The laft rime I was there no more than three had purchafed this privilege. The Prifon is out of repair. The Keeper, George Garred, is an Officer : he pays Rent £10 to the Lady of the Manor ; and keeps the Tap: Window-tax above ^3. Fees ^To : 8 : i. No Table: but in November laft I faw a paper hung up, on which was written as follows : A TABLE iga LONDON. WHITE A TABLE of FEES to be taken by the Keeper of this Prifon. CHAPEL. £. S. D. For the difcharge of ever)' pt rfon upon any civil aftion, ") o • 8 • i procefs or execution — r-nde,9 For every perfon who choofes to lay on the Mafter-fide, \ ^ . for the firit night — — For every perfon who choofes to lie on the Mafter-fide ") „ . , . /: after the firft night to pay every week — j George Garred Keeper loth Auguft 1776. At the fame time I faw another paper intitled Rules atid Orders to be cb/erved in this Prifon. It is dated Aug. 6. 1776. The firft Rule is " That every perfon who comes into this Prifon as a Prifoner, (hall pay for his GarnijJ) two fhillings and ten-pence halfpenny." The Claufes of the Aft againft Spirituous Liquors are hung up. At my firft vifit there were on the Common-fide two Prifoners in hammocks, fick and very poor. — No Chaplain. A compaffionate Man, who is not a regular Clergyman, fometimes preaches to them on Sunday ; and gives them fome fmall relief. Lady Townsend fends a Guinea twice a year, which her Servant diftributes equally among the Prifoners. As Debtors here are generally very poor, I was furprized to fee once ten or twelve noify men at fkittles ; but the Turnkey faid they were only vifitants. I found they were admitted here as at another public houfe. No Prifoners were at play with them. 1774, April 27, Prifoners 25 1776, May 7, - - 23 Nov. 13, - - 20 1777, Jan. 8, - - 27 TOWER LONDON. 191 TOWER HAMLETS GAOL, IN WELL-CLOSE S QJJ ARE. THIS Prifon is at a Public-houle, kept by an honeft Swede, Remark?. who is Gaoler. There is a Court-room in the Houfe for the Tower Hamlets. The Prifon-yard is one hundred and fixteen feet by eighteen, latticed over head. At one end, are two large rooms ; of which little ufe has been made fince the laft war ; when French Prifoners were kept in them. The prefent Prifon-rooms are towards the other end of the yard : on the ground-floor is a day-room or clofet about five feet and a half by three and a half^ with a chimney. Up ftairs are three night-rooms. The Prifon is out of repair, and not fecure. Keeper no falary. Fees, £0 : ^ : i. No Table. Al'- lowance, a penny a day. No ftraw. 1774, April 29, Prifoner i 1776, March 9, - - o May 17, - - I St. CATHARINE'S PRISON, FOR DEBTORS. THIS Prifon, rebuilt about {even years ago, is a fmall Houfe Remarks of two ftoriesj two rooms on a floor. In April 1774 there was a Keeper, but no Prifoners. I have fince that called two or three times ; and always fouad the Houfe uninhabited. THE 192 WESTMINSTER. THE SAVOY. fiEMARKs. / I "A HIS Pdlbn for Soldiers, has two rooms called the Guard 1 Rooms; becaufe in them are confined Offenders who are of the King's Guards. The remainder of the building near the gate is the Keeper's Houfe. On the oppofite fide of the yard, is a large room down five fleps, the Hall: the rooms over it ufelefs. On the left-hand fide of the ^ard is another hall, not fo large : at each end of it is a room with barrack bedfteads and beds ; both rooms very clofe and unhealthy. Over them are other barrack-rooms, fome- what more airy : one of them. No. 4, is tolerable, and has oppofite windows. There is, befides, the Black Hole, the Condemned Hold, the Cock Pit, and feveral other parts of this irregular building, which I pafs over. March 15, 1776, there wtre 1 1 9 Prifoners j of whom 49 were Tranfports. I faw many fick and dying. The Gaol was fo infected by them, that the Diflemper has been caught there by many fince : and if it be not thoroughly purified, it will defl:roy many more. — The whoLe is indeed much out of repair i hardly any part of it fecure. May 25, Prifoners 37. Many of them fick of the Gaol-Diftemper, in the rooms where I faw the fick and dying in March. — Keeper, Captain Jack/on: Salary, jTjo : no Fees: he pays Land-tax, Window-tax, Water, &c. TOTHILL- WESTMINSTER* TOT HILL-FIELDS BRIDEWELL. KEEPER, George Smith. Salary, ;^50, paying the Widow of the former Keeper ^^20. Fees, 0:5:2. Tranfports, taken by Mr. Akerman, Licence, for Beer and Wine. PRISONERS, Allowance, a penny loaf, and a penny a day each. Garnifh, ^^o : i : 4. ^n Number of - Prifoners. 1774, April 22, 38 1775, March 4, 109 1776, March 6, 86 May 3, 75 1777, Jan. 8, 1 10 CHAPLAIN, None. SURGEON, Mr. Glover. Salary, ^lo. THIS Prifon has — For men, two day-rooms and three night- Remarks. rooms — For faulty apprentices, five fmall rooms — For women, a day-room, and four night-rooms. All the night-rooms have bar- rack-beds. They are conftantly wafhed every dayj and are quite wholefome. The Prifoners wafh their hands and faces every morning before they come for their allowance. No flraw. No Infirmary. Co A little 194 WESTMINSTER. TOTHiLL- A little room ufed as a Surgery. A Chapel, in which Mr. Srhith FIELDS reads a Chapter, and part of the Prayer-Book every morning. BRIDEWELL. The women fhoiild have another day-room : and one of the day-rooms for men fhould be enlarged. There would then be lefs quarreling among them : and Prifoners who are now idle might be employed. The Court-yards adjacent might alfo be enlarged. All the rooms for women and their court-yard, and the men's night-rooms would be more airy if the Garden Pales were fet far- ther off". I know Mr. Smith would with pleafure fee part of his Garden facrificed to thefe Improvements. He pays Window-tax ^2:4: o, and Water £1. Over the Gate is a paper with this in- fcription : " No perfon admitted into this Prifon on a Sunday after nine o'clock in the morning until five in the evening." In my laft vifit, there were among the Felons, two Debtors from the Court of Confcience : one for /^o : 17 : 6, the other for ^^o : 14 : i. FEES allowed for the Governor of Tothill-fields-Bridewell, as by Order of Court January Seflions 1772. C- S. D. For Commitment and Difcharge of a Prifoner by Warrant 0:4:2 For the Turnkey — ^ — 0:1:0 Copy of Commitment ^ — — 0:1:4 For a Night's Charge ^ — — 0:1:0 Signed in open Court by James Fielding George S. Bradshaw George Ried Aarok Lamb WEST. WESTMINSTER. .195 WESTMINSTER GATE-HOUSE. THIS Prifon, the property of the Dean and Chapter, is over Remarks. two gate-ways. It has three floors, five rooms on each ; in which have been fonnetimes near a hundred Prifoners : but it is now fo ruinous, that none are fent to it. All are committed to Tothill-fields Bridewell, which, in confequence, is overcrowded ; and befides (as was there noted) Debtors, even from the Court of Confcience, are confined at night, (as well as in the day-time) with Criminals : which is contrary to the flatute of a2d and 23d Car. II. I HAVE from the very old Keeper the particulars of Rent, Fees &c. but as the Prifon is now ufelefs, I will not tranfcribe them. N. B. Since writing the above the Gate-Houfe is taken down. Cc2 THE 196 S O U T H W A R K. THE KING'S BENCH PRISON, FOR DEBTORS. MARSHAL, Thomas Thomas, Efq. Deputv Marshal, Thomas Marfon, Efq. Salary Fees, - See Table. Licence, for Beer and Wine. The Tap let. PRISONERS, Allowance, none. Garnifh, ^^o : 2 : o. Number - - In the Houfe. In the Rules.. 1774, April 26, - 324 - - 100 1776, Jan. 28, - 364 - - 80 May -- (See Remarks.) CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Evans. Duty — Sunday once ; the Sacrament once a month. Salary, jTo ; 2 : o on every Commitment. SURGEON, None. Remarks. THIS PRISON is part Old Buildings, part New.. The Old Buildings are — ACoffee-roomjuft within the Gate: — and a Street called Kirg-Jlrcct. On the right hand is the Tap-houle ; and four houfes for Prifoncrs ; each confifting of a ground-floor, and two floors S O U T H W A R K. 197 floors of chambers ; four rooms on each floors near ten feet Iquare, king's and feven high. On the left hand fide of the ftreet is the Chapel j bench.. and fix houfes for Prifoners J of equal depth with the former houfes: but the back-rooms have not, as the former have, communication with the fore-rooms. At the hither end of the fore-rooms, on the ground-floor, is a common Kitchen, much too fmall. The Cook, a Prifoner, has the room over it. Thefe houfes alfo have ground- rooms, and two floors of chambers. All the rooms fronting King- ftreet, and the whole of the houfes on the other fide the way, are for Mafter-fide Debtors j who pay for each room unfurnilhed a fliilling a week. The back part of the left hand Row is the Common-fide r the- doors in the back front. The firfl: room on the ground-floor they call their Court-room. The twc houfes at the farther end have fix rooms each, for Crown-Debtors and Fines j and are called Crown- Court. The reft of this range on all the three floors is for Common- fide Debtors. At the farther end of King-ftreet, in a fmall Court inclofed from the reft of the yard, is a building called the State-house; confift- ing of ground-floors, and two floors of chambers; four fizeable rooms on each floor ; total twelve. A Debtor who choofes to be here, pays the Marflial eight to ten guineas for his whole time > be- fides a fliilling a week, like other Mafter-fide Debtors.. All thefe old buildings are out of repair. The New Buildings are— Firft, a houfe at the gate for the Turn- key. The chambers are very convenient ; and let at prefent to a Prifoner who pays a very high rent. — But the principal new building is at the farther end of the yard. The two parts of it form a right angle. 198 S O U T H W A R K. K I N g's angle. One part is four houfes, with four ground rooms to each ; • BENCH. jjjjj jj^g {lime number of chambers on each of the three floors above : total fixty-four. The rooms are about thirteen feet by eleven, and about eight feet high. The other part, (the wing) is built as the Fleet Prifon; but more airy and commodious. It has the fame number of floors as the other part. On each floor is a paflage feven feet and a half wide, and feventy-three and a half long : rooms on each fide the pafl"age, eleven on each floor, total forty-four j each room thirteen feet and a half by nine and a half, about eight feet high. The Prifon is well fupplied with water. Among the late im- provements, of 108 new rooms, and a fpacious yard, it is pity they did not build an Infirmary. The Prifoners are numerous. At more than one of my vifits (which I repeated to this as well as many other Prifons much oftener than the times when I took the numbers) fome had the Small-Pox. It was fo crowded this lafl: fummer, that a Prifoner paid five fliillings a week for half a bed, and many lay in the Chapel. In May 1776 the number of Prifoners within the -vvalls was 395 J and by an accurate lifl which I procured, their wives (in- cluding a few only called fo) were 279, children 725, total 1004: about two thirds of thefe were in the Prifon. This Prifon is vifited at Michaelmafs term, as the Aft * direfts ; yet at my firfl: vifit there was a "Wine- Club, and a Beer-Club ; and one can fcarcely ever enter the walls without feeing parties at fkittles, miffifippi, portobello, tennis, fives &c. The following Tables oi Rules and Orders for the government of this Prifon are hung up (as required by the Preamble) for common iiifpeftion. I prefume to give an abridgment of them. •32(1 George II. RULES S O U T H W A R K. 199 RULES AND ORDERS for the bettfcr Government Sec. king's BENCH. Made and Signed the 25th of November 1729. 1. THE flocks to be kept up for punilhment of blafphemers, fwearers, riotous &c. 2. Against illegal methods of confinement. None to be con- fined in an unufual place or manner, unlefs for attempting to efcape. And fuch may appeal to the Court, or a Judge. 3. Marshal not to remove any to the Fleet by writ of Hal^eas Corpus. 4. Marshal not to remove any one from the Common-fide and it's benefits without three days notice: during which time, the Prifoner may appeal to a Judge. 5. Coroner's Inqueft upon the dead. 6. Against Garnifli and partial diftribution of Dividends. 7. Prisoners to fend out for neceflaries j and to bring in their own bedding &c. 8. Table of Fees, Thefe Rules, and a Lift of Charities to be hung up in a public room. 9. Marshal and Servants to behave with the utmoft tendernefs. 10. Turnkey always to attend at the door. 1 r. No Servants to partake of, or even diftribute the Charity. 12. Chapel to be kept in repair. Chaplain duly to perform. 13. The abufive to the ftocks. 14. Dining-room to be kept in repair for devotion, or conver- fation : with a fire. Two rooms for the fick. 15. Those who make oath before &c. that they have not ^^5 &c, to be admitted to the Charities, Offices in the Prifon &c. 16. 200 SOUTH W ARK. king's i6. No Perfon committed for any criminal matter to vote for BENCH. Steward &c. or to partake of any chaiity but the Bafl^ets. 17. Lodging in a cabin of any ward, gratis. 18. Any Prifoner may be chofen AlTiitant and enjoy the benefits of that ftation. 19. The Seal of the Common-fide to be kept by the Matter of King's Bench Office j and not put to any deed without the appro- bation of Marfiial, Steward, and Alnftants. 20. One fuperfedable aftion may be fuperfeded with Common-fide money : more than one, not without application to the Court, or a Judge. No Judge's Clerk to take a Fee on the occafion. 21. The fick to be taken care of by the Steward and Afiiflants : who are to be reimburfed out of the firft County-money. 22. Debts contrafted by the Steward and Afiiitants with the Marflial's, and Mafter's confent, for fupport of the poor, to be paid out of the next Dividend, 23. Steward and Afliftants to have no pay for common bufinefs, or adjufting difi"erences. 24. Prisoners entered after the ift day of Eafter-term, to have but one Quarter of the Midfuiruner Dividend. 25. All money brought in by the Bafket-men, or brought in at Chriftmas, Eafter and Whitfuntide, to be divided immediately after paying the Bafket-men for their trouble. 26. If the Marflial advance money for a Superjedeas-, he is to be reimburfed out of the next County-money. 27. Common -SIDE Prifoners may eledt an annual Steward -, who is not to be depofed, but on application to the Court or a Judge. No Prifoner in the Rules may vote. 28. The Steward to enter in Books the Table of Fees, thefe Rules, and S O U T H W A R K. 201 NO Perfon to bring any Weapon. Those on the Mafter's-fide who demand Garnifli, to be turned to Commoa-fide for a time, not longer than a Month. Thofe on D d the BENCH. and a list of the charities. All, together with his accounts, ^^^^g'^ for infpeftion of the Priibners. 29. A PRISONER wronged by the Steward and Affiftants, on ap- plying to the Court or a Judge, fhail be paid his damages out of the next Dividend of the Steward and AlTiftants : if he complain unjuflly, he fball make fatisfadtion from his own next Dividend. 30. If the Steward or Affiftants embezzle the money, SucceiTors may call them to account, and ftop their Dividends of the Grat&- money &c. for reparation of the injury. 31. These Orders to be read publicly every third Monday. 32. Marshal, Servants, and Prifoners to obferve thefe -Rules un- der pain of the utmoft puniftiment of Law. 23. No Clerk or Servant of a Judge to take any Fee on occafion of a Petition founded on thefe Orders. R. RAYMOND J A. REYNOLDS E. PRGBYN. THE preceding Rules fill one fide of a large flieet of paper, on which they are printed. Another Iheet has what follows, viz. FURTHER RULES and ORDERS for the Government &c. Made and Signed the loth day of May 1759. 202 S O U T H W A R K. king's the Common-fide are for the like offence to be excluded, not lon- BENCH. gj,j. jj^^jj a fortnight, from all profits except fhare of the Bafkets. 3. Doors of the great Garden to be fhut at dark: doors of the Wards at nine. 4. The Chambers at difpofal of the Marllial &c. 5. If a Mafter-fide Prifoner negledl for a Month to pay his Cham- ber-Rent J he may be turned over to the Common-fide till he pays. His goods to be delivered to him, by a witnefTcd inventory. If difcharged by the Plaintiff^, he may yet be detained for Fees, and a Month's Chamber-rent. 6. None to fell in the Prifon Viftuals or Drink without confent of Marllial. A prifoner thus offending may be turned over to the Common-fide for a Month. Marfhal to take care that thofe who fell keep good order &c. 7. Confirms the 14th Rule preceding i. e. The great Room for exercife and the two Rooms for the fick. 8. Prisoners turned to Common-fide for offending, or non-pay- ment, to have no profit but Share of the Balkets ; to bear no office ; nor vote for Officers. 9. These Rules to be fixed in the moft public Places, for infpec- tion. Signed, MANSFIELD, T. DENNISON, M. FORSTER, E. WILMOT. A further RULE and ORDER &c. made 19th May 1760. THOSE who attempt or affift an efcape — who fell or promote the fale of Vifluals or Liquors without leave of the Marfhal — who affault another — who blafpheme the Name of God, fwear or make a riot, may be fent by the Marfhal to any one of the following Prifons in Southwark viz The County-Gaol for Surry, the Bridewell for that County, S O U T H W A R K. 203 Countyj or to the Marflialfea : and there confined for thefirft Offence king's not exceeding one Month J for a fecond Offence not exceeding three bench. Months. This Rule to be hung up. Signed, MANSFIELD, T. DENNISON, M. FORSTER, E. WILMOT. On the fame Sheet is A TABLE of FEES to be taken by the Marfhal of the King's Bench Prifon, in the County of Sunj, for any Prifoner or Pri- foner's Commitment, or coming in Gaol, or Chamber-Rent there, or difcharge from thence in any civil aftion. Settled and eft^blifhed the 16th. Day o( June in the 3'3d Year of the Reign of his Majefty King GEORGE the Second, and in the Year of our Lord 1760, purfuant to an A£l for the Relief of Debtors with reJpeSl to the Imprifonment of their Perfons, viz. 4 C. S. D. Flrft, To the Marflial for every Prifoner committed on any■^ civil aftion — — ""5 2d. To the Turnkey on the Mafter's-fide — ■ 0:1:6 3d. To the Mai fhal on the difcharge of every fuch Prifoner o : 7:4 4th, To the Deputy Marfhal upon the difcharge of one or-\ more aftions, executions, or other charge, and no > o : 4:0 further fee though there be never fo many aftions J tih. To the Clerk of the Papers for the firft aftion upon") > o : 3 : o the difcharge — — — 3 6th. To the Clerk of the Papers for every aftion, execution, "^ or other charge to be paid on the difcharge — j, ' 7th. To the Deputy Marfhal upon a commitment of a Pri- -\ foner in court, or at a Judge's chambers, in any f O : I : O civil aftion, if carried to the Ki^i/s Bench Prifon ^ D d 2 8th. 204 S O U T H W A R K. £. S. D. o difo ^^'^G^ 8th. To the Clerk of the Papers for the fame — o : i R F W f^ H jith. To the faid Deputy Marfhal for a furrender in dif- charge of bail, be there never fomany aftions loth. To the Clerk of the Papers for each aflion upon fuch") furrender — ^ — j ' nth. To each of the four TipftafFs, zs. 6d. for each Prifoner's -\ Commitment by the Court, and carried to the> o : lo King's Bench Prifon, in the whole — J 1 2th. To the TipttafF that carries any Prifoner committed at "^ , a Judge's chambers to the faid Prifon — j J3th. To the Marflial for the ufe of chamber, bed, bedding and fheets for each Prifoner, if provided by the Gaoler at the Prifoner's requeft, for the firft night, in the Common-fide of the faid Prifon — o : 6 o : 6 14th. For the like ufe every night the Prifoner remains in -j cuflody after the firft — — 3 13th. And if tuo lie in one bed, id each — 16th. For the like ufe of every Prifoner that goes on the' Mafter's-fide, for the firft night — — 17th. For the like ufe every night after the firft — 0:0:3 1 8th. And if two lie in a bed, 2d each — 0:0:4 19th. And if the Prifoner finds his own bed, bedding and~| fheets (which the Marshal is in no fort to hinder I him of) then he (hall pay for chamber-rent to the j MaHhal, per week — — J No ether Fee for the ufe of chamber. Bed, bedding and Jheets, or upon the commitment or difcbarge of «ny Prifoner on any civil aSion. Thomas Howard, . „ . MANSFIELD. Anthony Thomas ABoy, iLLiA.M Hammond. MARSHAL- S O U T H W A R K. 205 MARSHALSEA PRISON. DEPUTY MARSHAL, "Thomas Marfon, Efq. Substitute, 'Thomas Phillips. Salary, Feejs, £0 : 10 : 10 Licence, for Beer and Wine. The Tap let. PRISONERS, Allowance, none. Garnifli, ^^o : 3 : 6. It is called Ward-dues for Coals &c. Number 1774, March 16, Prifoners 167 1775, March 6, - r 175 1776, March 12, - - 194 May 15, - - 234 CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Cockane. Duty— Sunday Salary, 1 3. from each Prifoner on difcharge. See Table of Fees. SURGEONS, MefT'-s. Stapleton and Waljhman. Salar)', i s. from each Prifoner on difcharge. See Table of Fees. TO this Prifon of the Court of the Marfhalfea, and of the King's Remarks. Palace-Court of Wefhminfter, are brought Debtors arrefted for the loweft fums, any where within twelve miles of the Palace, except in the city of London : and alfo perfons committed for piracy. The Deputy Marfhal, under whofe particular cuftody this Prifon is, has his appointment from the Knight Marfhal of the King's houfe- hold 2o6 S O U T H W A R K. MARSHAL- Iiold for the time being. The great abufes praftifed by this Officer 5EA. ^yere reported to Parliament by the Gaol Committee in 1729. This Prifon is an old irregular building (rather feveral buildings) in a fpacious yard. There are, in the whole, near fixty rooms ; and yet only fix of them now left for Common-fide Debtors. Of the other rooms, — Five are let to a man who is not a prifoner : in one of them he keeps a chandler's fliop i in two he lives with his family : the other two he lets to Prifoners. Four rooms, the Oaks, are for women. They are too few for the number ; and the more modeft women complain of the bad company, in which they are confined. There -are above forty rooms for men on the Mafter's-fide, in which are about fixty beds ; yet many Prifoners have no beds nor any place to fleep in but the Chapel, and the Tap-room. The Prifon is too fmall and greatly out of repair. Little regard is fliewn to the late Aft for white-wafliing and cleaning the rooms. No Infirmary. The yard is well fupplied with water. In it the Pri- foners play at rackets, mifiifippi &c ; and in a little back court, the Park, at fldttles. The Tap is let to a Prifoner in the Rules of the King's Bench Pri- fon : this Prifon being juft within thofe Rules. I was credibly in- formed, that one funday in the fummer 1775, ''bout 600 pots of beer were brought in from a public houfe in the neighbourhood, (Ajhmore's) the Prifoners not then liking the Tapfter's beer. In March 1775, when the number of Prifoners was 175 ; there were with them in this incommodious Prifon wives and children 46. Mr. Allnutt who was many years fince a prifoner here j had, during his confinement, a large edate bequeathed to him. He learn- ed fympathy by his fufterings : and left ^^ 100 a year to' releafe poor Debtors from hence. Many are cleared by it every year. A TABLE SOUTH Vv^ ARK. 207 A TABLE of FEES to be taken by the Gaoler or Keeper of the marshal- Marfhalfea Prifon— -on any Civil Adlion — fettled — the 17th day of May 1765 Purfuant to an Aft for relief of Debtors &c. . £■ S. D. To the Knight Marfhal upon the difcharge of every Prifoner T charged with one or more aftions — 3 To the Keeper for his care and fafe cuftody of every Prifoner upon the difcharge of fuch Prifoner on the firft aflion To the Keeper upon the difcharge of fuch Prifoner charged with one or more aftions — — To the Surgeon or Apothecary on the difcharge of every "5 Prifoner charged with one or more adlions — J To the Chaplain on the like difcharge — — o : To the Turnkey upon the difcharge of every Prifoner on 1 <-, • • • 6 the firft a£lion — — — •' To the Turnkey upon the difcharge of fuch Prifoner "} charged with one or more ailions after the firft — i To the Clerk for entering the difcharge of a Prifoner on 7 one or more adlions — — — ^ To the Keeper for the ufeof bed, bedding and flieets for' eveiy Prifoner if found by the Gaoler at the Prifoner's requeft, for the firft night on the Mafter-fide of the faid Prifon — — — And every night after the firft night — — o : o : j- And if two lie in a bed 2d. each — — 0:0:4 S£A. NO other Fees for the ufe of chamber, bed, bedding, or upon the difcharge or commitment of any Prifoner in any Civil Aftion. W. Richardson Elliot Bishop Leon'^ Howard. MANSFIELD C. PRATT T. PARKER. BOROUGH 2o8 S O U T H W A R K. BOROUGH COMPTER. GAOLER, Jeremiah Beavis. Salary, none. Fee% Debtors, - ^^o : 7:0 Felons, - 0:11:4 Tranfports, - o : 10 : 6 from the Contraftor. Licence, for Beer and Wine. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, 7 j u /-o n i » ' c ^ penny a day each. (See Remarks.) Felons, J Garnilh, ^^o : 2 : 8 Mafter's-fide. 0:1:4 Common-fide. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, May 4, 37 - - 4 1776, March 11, 10 - - 3 May 2, 18 - - 2 ---- Nov. 13, 15 - - I CHAPLAIN, None. SURGEON, None. Remarks. THIS Prifon, in Tooley-ftreet, for the Borough of Southwark, which contains four parifhes and a part of a fifth, has, for Mafler's- fide Debtors — feven rooms. — For Common-fide Debtors, a Room on the ground floor, in which Felons &c. are with them rught and day ; a long room up ftairs, the Rookery -, and a room over it, ufelefs, becaufe not fecure. — The Women are in the Stone Kitchen, now di- vided SOUTH W ARK. 209 rided into two rooms. Three of the Cominon-fide rooms have bar- eorougk rack beds. Among the Debtors are many poor creatures from the compter. Court of Confcience who lie there till their debts are paid. — There is a fmall court-yard ; and a Chapel, but no Chaplain is appointed. The whole Prifon is much out of repair, and ruinous. No Infir- mary. No bedding or ftraw. The Keeper, an officer, pays Window- tax ,^2 : 15 : o and Land-tax ^2 : 10 : o. He is put in by the High Bailiff, whofe office is in the difpofal of the Court of Aldermen. — i¥n infcription over the Gate dated 1716 calls it the Borough Court : but the Courts are now held at St. Margaret's Hill. The Claufes of the A61 againft Spirituous Liquors are hung up. Debtors have fixty penny loaves, once in eight weeks, from a Legacy of Eleanor Gwynn. No other Bequeft. Southwark. A T the General Quarter Seffions of the Peace of our xJl. Sovereign Lord the King holden for the Town and Borough of Southwark at the Court-Houfe on St. Margaret's Hill — on Friday the 8th Day of January in tlie 2ift Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord GEORGE the Second before Sir Robert Ladbroke Kn« . Mayor— John Stracey Efq'' . Recorder— and others, &c. &c. It being reprefented to this Court that the Fees of the Gaoler or Keeper of the Borough-Compter in regard to the Prifoners charged therein with any criminal matter remain yet unfettled, for want whereof divers impofitions may accrue to the poor Prifoners therein, E e For 2IO S O U T H W A R K. EORouGH For fettling and eftablifliing the fame It is ordered that the COMPTER. Keeper or Gaoler of die faid Prifon fliall and may take of every Prifoner fo charged as aforefaid the following Fees and no more. That is to fay lony Trefpafs Af- 1 £. S. D. OS II : 4 2 : o For the admiflion of every Prifoner for Felony Trefpafs Af- fault or other Mifdemeanours For every night's lodging — — — o : o : 6 To the Turnkey for the difmiffion of every fuch Prifoner o : i : o For every Prifoner brought by a Peace Officer for fafe cuflody untill hearing can be had before a Magillrate J By the Court Man. N. B. Two other Prifons in Southwark, viz. The New Gaol in the Borough, and the Bridewell in St. George's Fields^ belong to the County of Surry. COUNTY Home CiRCOiT. H E RT F O Pv D S H I R E. • 21 1 COUNTY GAOL at HERTFORD. GAOLER, Cornelias Will/on. Salary, none. l2>9 '• 6 : 10 to fupply the Felons witK Fees, Debtors, 7 . . ^read, as below. Felons, ^ " " *-' •rs, 7 Tranfports, ^^ i : i : o each to London. Licence, for Beer and Wine. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. Felons, apoundofbreadaday farmed by the Gaoler. Garnifli, ^o ; 4 : 6. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &:c. 1773, Dec. 9, 3 - - ,9 1774, Dec. 14, 2 - - 14 1776, Feb. 14, 16 - - 16 Nov. 11, 6 - - 12 CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Scott. Now Rev. Mr. Moore. Duty— Sunday} and one other day not fixed. Salary, ^40. SURGEON, Mr. Cutler. Salary, £10. THIS Gaol is in the middle of the town. In front are two fmall Remarks. day-rooms, for Felons, in which they are always locked up : no fire-place. — Their dungeons or night-rooms are, one down eighteen E e 2 fteps. 212 • HERTFORDSHIRE. Home CiRcui-p. Heps, the other nineteen. Over their day-rooms, is a large lumber- room ; and adjoining to it a lodging-room for Women-felons. Backward is a fmall Court -yard for Debtors, and Women- felons. On each fide of it are two rooms on the ground-floor, and two chambers for Debtors. No Chapel. No Infirmary. In the interval of two of my vifits the Gaol-Fever prevailed, and carried offfeven or eight Piifoners, and two Turnkeys. The Felons were on that occafion removed to the Bridewell. At my laft vifit four were fick. This Gaol could not have been made healthy and convenient.. There is a new one building juft out of the town. It has no dun- geon ; and is more fpacious and convenient than the old one. Hertford/hire, A T the General Quarter Seffions of the Peace of to wit. 2. V. our Sovereign— holden at---Hertford on Mon- day—the 1 2th day of January in the firfb year of— our Sovereign Lord George III. by the grace of God— and in. the year of our Lord 1761 before Sir Richard Chafe Kn'- Ralph Freeman Doftor in Di- vinity, Rich'' JVarreriy James Gordon^ W" Janjfen and IV"* Plumer the younger, Efq"' and others, &c. A TABLE of FEES to be taken by the Gaoler — fettled — purfuant to an Adt— made in the 3 2d year of— K. George II. C. S. D. For the chamber-rent, bed and bedding ef each Debtor") per night provided that no more than two be put into^ o : 014 one bed nor more than two beds in one room — -^ Fot Home Circuit. HERTFORDSHIRE. 213 £• s. D. For the chamber-rent, bed and bedding of each Prifoner'^ upon criminal procefs/f?- iweei provided that no more I than two be put into one bed ; nor more than two f ° " 3 • ° beds in the fame room — — J For the Turnkey's Fees into Gaol — — o : i : o For the Turnkey's Fees out of Gaol — — o : i : o For the Gaoler's Fees upon each Frifoner difcharged — o ; 13 ; 4 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. HERTFORD. This is alfo the Town Gaol. Two fmall rooms to the ftreet, the Compter : one behind them, the Middle Ward : and one beyond that, the Lower Ward. There is alfo a dun- geon for men down feven fleps : a yard, and pump ; but Prifoners are always locked up within doors. I faw none at work. The County Gaoler is Keeper, and has ^^24 a year to fupply each Prifoner daily with a pound of bread. Fees £0:4:6. i774y Dec. 14, Prifoners 4 1776, Feb. 14, - - - 7 Nov. 22, - - - 4. HITCHIN. A ROOM for men; and" over it two rooms for womenj- who go up to them by a ladder. No chimney in any of the rooms : no ftraw : no yard : no water. Keeper's Salary £24 t- No Fees. 1776, Feb. 14, Prilbners 2. BERK- 214 HERTFORDSHIRE. Home Circuit. BERKHAMSTED. A work-room for men, and another for women. A dungeon down nine fteps, earth -floor, very damp, no window. — No ftraw : no court-yard : no water. Keeper's Salary ;^2o: no Fees : he has the profit of the Pri- foners work. Allowance a pound of bread a day. 1776, Nov. 2, No Prifoners. At St. ALBAN'S are. THE BOROUGH GAOL. Debtors have the ufe of the Town Hall in the day-time : their lodging-room joins to it. Felons have two day-rooms, and two clofe ofFenfive night-rooms. Their allowance a pound of bread a day. No fbraw : no court: no water. The Keeper's Salary ^3 : Fees ;^o : 13 : 4, no Table. Licence for Beer. Claufes of Ad againfl: Spiri- tuous Liquors hung up. 1776, March 1, Prifoners, none. Nov. 3, Debtors 2. Felons &c. 2. LIBERTY GAOL, for twenty-two Parifhes, is the property of Lord Salijbury. For Debtors^ two fpacious day-rooms, and three lodging-rooms. — For Felons, three ftrong rooms. No court-yard : no water. Keeper, fame as of the Borough Gaol : Salary;^ 16 : Fees ^^o : 13 : 4, no Table. 1776, March I, No Prifoners. Nov. 3, Debtor i. THE Home Circuit. HERTFORDSHIRE. 315 THE BRIDEWELL for the Liberty, and hv tht Borough, joins to the Liberty Gaol. One large work-room ; and two lodging- rooms : all up flairs, and airy. No court : no water : no al- lowance : no ftraw. Prifoners have their earnings. Keeper's Salary for the Liberty ^z^-, for the Borough ^^2 : no Fees. 1776, March i, Prifoners 2. Nov. 2, - - - None. COUNTY 2i6 ESSEX. Home Circuit. COUNTY GAOL at CHELMSFORD. GAOLER, Sujama Taylor. Salary, none. Fees, Debtors ^o : 15 : 4. Felons, ^ ~ Tranfports, to London or Grave/end, £1 ". 5 : o for each, if not more than feven : for each above kven ^1:1: o. Licence, for Beer and Wine. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors,") a pound and half of bread a day, and a Felons, 5 quart of fmall beer. (See Remarks.) Garnilh, Debtors, £0 : 4. : 6. Felons, 0:3:0. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Feb. 4, - 30 - - 30 Dec. 6, - 13 - - 31 1775, oa. 19, - 19 - - 14 1776, Nov. 20, - II - - 7 CHAPLAIN Duty— Sunday, Monday, Wednefday. Salary, ;^40. SURGEON, Mr. Griffinhooft. Salary, £i^, for Felons, and the Bridewell Prifoners. CHELMS- Home Circuit. ESSEX, 21^- CHELMSFORD. A CLOSE Prifon, frequently infefted with the Gaol-Diflemper. Remarks. Inquiring in Odober 1775, for the Head -Turnkey, I was told he died of it. In the Tap-room there hung a Paper on which, among other things, was written " Prifoners to pay Garnifh or run the Gauntlet." Debtors have a bufhel of coals a day from about 12th November to Lady Day: and /[5:0:0a year by a legacy oi Elizabeth Her- ris from Lands in Brentwood, paid by the Re£tor or Minifter of the parifh of Chelmsford on the 24th of December. By a Memorial hung up in the Tap-room it appears the Bequeft was acknowledged by the Teftatrix 14th June 1746. — It was generous in the Juftices to grant Debtors the fame allowance as Felons ; and very judicious to fix that allowance to a certain weight. It gave me pain to be informed, that there had been no Divine Service for above a year paft, except to condemned Criminals. There is a new Gaol, which exceeds the old one in ftrength &c. almofl; as much as in fplendor. The County, to their honour, have fpared no coll. The Magiftrates cannot but know the plan. The Prifon is nearly finifhed. It can therefore be of no ferr ice to offer any remarks upon thisjiately fabrick. F f TABLE 9i8 ESSEX. Home Circuit, TABLE OF FEES. A Effex. A T General Quarter Seflions &c. — a Table of Fees fettled— -to be taken by the Keeper of his Majefty's Gaol — purfuant to an Acft™ made in the fecond year of— K. George II. viz. For the Chamber Rent bed and bedding of each Debtor - provided that no more than two be put into one bed, | nor more than two beds in the fame room — Por the Chamber Rent bed and bedding of each Prifoner. upon criminal process per lueek provided that no more ( than two be put into one bed nor more than two beds/ in one room — — — For the Turnkey's Fee into Gaol — For the Turnkey's Fee out of Gaol — For the Gaoler's Fee upon each Prifoner's difcharga- 5. D. o o o I I '3 o o 4 Reviewed and confirmed by us the Juftices of Affize this 19th Day of July 1729 R: EYRE LAW: CARTER. Tho Bramston Tho Walford JohnCheveley. Signed by us Juflicss of Peace of and for the faid County tlijs. 19th day of July Anno Dom. 1729. RoB'^ Abdy Henry Maynard Benj Moyer. COUNTY Home Circuit. ESSEX. 219 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. CHELMSFORD. Built 1766. On the ground-floor a large work-rooiTij a kitchen, and a lodging-room for men : over them rooms of the fame fize for women ; two rooms for the fick. Court-yard fmall, and not fecure : Prifoners always kept within doors, and the rooms offenfive, although the water is laid in. Mr. Ford (the Keeper) told me at one of my vifits that many had been ill of the Gaol-Fever, brought from the County Gaol. His Salary ^^30 : Under Keeper's j^i6 : no Fees. Prifoners allowance three-pence a day; for which they have a pound and half of bread, and a quart of fmall beer ; and three halfpence a day further allowance to each fick Prifoner. Coals and ftraw ;^5 a year each. 1774, Dec. 6, Prifoners 18, 1775, Oft. 19, - - - 15, 1776, Nov. 20, - - - 21. COLCHESTER. The Caftle was formerly the County Gaol. That part of it which is now the Bridewell, has — firft, the room for women, with a fire-place : on one fide a room for men, with a window : on another fide two rooms for men, at a right angle with the former : a window in the farthermoft. The partitions are iron grated for light and air, from the window Ff 2 at 220 ESSEX. Home Circuit. BRIDE- at each end of the right angle. —Court-yard little ufed by WELLS. Prifoners. No water: no employment: allowance three- pence a day : ftraw {^^ a year. Keeper's Salary ^30 : no fees. 1774, Feb. 14, Prifoner i, 1776, Nov. 19, - - 3. At COLCHESTER is alfo the TOWN GAOL and BRIDEWELL. A room for Debtors. A ftrong ward for men : another for women. , Court-yard not fecure : no water : no ftraw. Allow- ance to Criminals three-pence a day. Keeper's Salary l^% : Fees ^^o : 2 : 6. Claufes of Adt againft Spiri- tuous Liquors not hung up. Debtors. Felons &c. . 1776, Nov. 19, 2, - 2. NEWPORT. Built in 1775. The front is elegant, yet plain: in it are the Keeper's apartments ; and a room for the Juftices. Behind is the men's court ; in the middle of which is a pump. On the farther fide, a large work-room on the ground-floor, and a fmaller work-room over it : fo that too many need not work together : a fire-place in each of them. There is a lodging-room even with the upper work-room. On the left fide of the court are two lodging-rooms on the ground-floor, and two above. In all thefe lodging-rooms are boarded bed- fteads. The Keeper has a view of this court from two of his back windows. — Women have a room on the ground-floor, 3ind one over it. No fire-place. Thefe, though they join to the Home Circuit. ESSEX. 221 the laft-mentioned rooms for men, have no communication bride- with them: you go to them through one of the Keeper's wells. rooms: the court-yard quite feparatej and the windows to- ward that. — No allowance: Prifoners have what they earn. Straw _^2 a year. Firing in winter two guineas. Keeper's Salary £,2^: no Fees. Claufes of Aft againft Spirituous Li- quors not hung up. 1776, Dtc. 6, Prifoners 3. HALS TED. Men and women have a feparate work-room, and a feparate lodging-room. There is a room for the fick. All out of repair. A court-yard which men ufe one part of the day, women another. No water. Keeper's Salary ;^32 : no Fees. Allowance a pound and half of bread, and a quart of fmall beer, a day. 1776, Nov. 19, Prifoners 4. BARKING. A ROOM for men, the Fare-Gaol : fifteen feet by ten and a half i . feven feet high ; two windows to the ftreet. An- other room, the Back-Gaol, for women ; thirteen feet four inches by eleven feet, eight feet high : one window about two feet fquare. They are planked all over : no chimneys : and both rooms are made offenfive by fewers in them. Court- yard not fecure : Prifoners have no ufe of it ; nor any accefs to the pump. Allowance three-pence a day. Keeper's Salary £ii: no Fees. Claufes of Aft againft Spirituous Liquors noc hung up. 1776, Nov. 28, Prifoner one * COUNTY 222 KENT. Home Circuit. COUNTY GAOL at MAIDSTONE. GAOLER, Philip Detillin. Salar)', £60, inftead of the Tap, Fees, Debtors, £0 : 12 : 4. Felons, o : 15 : 4. Tranfports, - o : 15 : o each, and the Fees. Licence, none. See Salary. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. (Jee Remarks.) Felons, a loaf once in two days (weight lib. /^oz. Feb. 1776) and every day a quart of fnrmll beer. (See Remarks.) Garnifh, Debtors, £0 : j : o. Felons, 0:1:6. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, April 13, 21 - - 31, i775> J^iy 25, 17 - - 26, 1776, Feb. 19, 22 - - 38. CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Hudfon. Duty— Sunday and Wednefday. Salary, ^^30; lately augmented tO^TfO. SURGEON, Mr. Waller. Salar)', ^^50, for the Gaol and Bridewell. MAID- Home Circuit. KENT. 223 MAIDSTONE. THE Rooms in the Felons Wards are fizeable ; but the air is Remarks-. obftrufted by broad wooden bars at the windows inftead of iron ones. There are three court-yards : one for Debtors ; one for Men- felons ; and one for Women-felons. The two laft are much too fmall ; but may be commodioufly enlarged, by adding to them the adjacent court of the Old Bridewell, which will foon be .difufed. Then alio a Chapel might be built ; and fervice no longer per- formed, as it now is, upon the ftairs. Felons are allowed yearly ten chaldron of coals : they have bar- rack-beds *, and hop-bagging with ftraw ; but no coverlids. This County has for years paft been fo confiderate as to pay the Fees of poor Prifoners acquitted : and to Tranfports caft at Affizes, who are entitled to the King's allowance of two fliillings and fix-pence a week, they continue the allowance which they had before trial. They alfo pay the Gaoler's Fees for thofe Convidts. The Felons faid they wiflied for more bread ; and would, if that were increafed, be con- tent with lefs beer. The Baker who ferves the Felons fells thirteen loaves to the dozen -, and Debtors have amongft them every thirteenth loaf. There is an Alarm-Bell ; and a Sail-Ventilator. On examining two fick Prifoners, I found they had no irons ; and the Surgeon faid the Gaoler was always ready to take them off whea he requefted it^ • These are low ftages of boards ; raifed from the floor, and floping from the wall towards the middle of the room^ TABLE 224 K EN T. Home Circuit. TABLE OF FEES. Kent, \ Table of Fees to be taken by the Gaoler— at Maidjione to ivit. x~\. — fettled— at the General QuarterSefrions— holden— on ThurlHay the 12th day of July in tlie 24th year of— George 11 — and in the year— 1750 purfuant 10 the direftion of the Statute in that behalf provided. £. S. D. For the difcharge from the faid Gaol of everjr Prifoner-N committed for Treafon, Felony or any offence againft^ o : 13 : 4 his Majefty's peice to the Gaoler or Keeper — J To Turnkey on commitment of every fuch Prifoner o : i : c To him more on the difcharge of every fuch Prifoner o : 1:0 On the commitment or coming into Gaol of every Prifoner 7 " ^0:3:0 in a civil aftion, to the faid Gaoler or Keeper — J On the difcharge of every fuch Prifoner to the faid Gaoler T ^ or Keeper — ^ ^ J And to the Turnkey — — 0:1:6 For the ufe of bed bedding and flicets for each of the faid"] laft mentioned Prifoners on the Mafter's-fide of the l ^ . ^ . g faid Prifon for the firft night to tlie faid Gaoler or | Keeper — — — J And for every night after the firft — 0:0:3 And if two fuch Prifoners lye together in one bed then o : O : 2 For every fuch Prifoner as Ihall chufe to be on the Mafter's- "} ^ . ^ . 5 fideforthe ufe of the bed, beddingand Iheets the firft night 3 For every night after the firft — — 0:0:3 But if two fuch Prifoners lye together then two-pence each 0:0:4 'o : 7:10 Thofe figures o : 7 : 10 are written upon a rafure. 1( Home Circuit. KENT. If any fuch Prifoner through poverty can only provide a-^ couch, then to the faid Gaoler or Keeper for Chamber C o : o : i Rent pfr week — __ — j July i:ith 1750 Seen and allowed by us W". Turner Herb^. Palmer P. BOTELER Ja' . CaLDER Ed. Austen W. Champness. A True Copy. COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. MAIDSTONE. A new Prifon : feparate wards, areas, work- (hops, and infirmaries for men and women : oppofite windows to tranfmit frelli air. Keeper's Salary jT'zo. No Prifoners here as yet. In the old Bridewell, 1776, Feb. j9j Prifoners 2. CANTERBURY. Men and women feparate. The latter have the back court in which their ward is. The men ha/e no court-yard ; but they have a hall or kitchen to the ftreet ; and three wards or night-rooms to the yard. Out of the Keeper's garden or yard might be taken a court-yard for the men. There is no water within reach of the men: yet I always found the Prifon remarkably clean. County allowance, two pennyworth of bread a day. No employment. Laft Lady-Day (or April) Seffions, the Jufticcs abolilhed Fees £0: 13 : 4j and raifed the Salary from ^25 t0j^4O. Licence for Beer. 1774, April 13, Prifoners 8, 1776, Feb. 17, - _ - ij, May 25, - - - 6. G g At 225, 3.26 KENT. Home Circuit. At canterbury is alfo the CITY GAOL, over the Weft-gate. One large day-room for men and women : and in each of the two Towers, a fmall night-room. No court-yard ; and Prifoners are feldom permitted to walk on the leads. Allowance three pennyworth of bread a day. Keeper's Salary j^5. Fees, Debtors £0:6:8, Felons £0 : 13:4: no Table. He keeps a public houfe adjoining, in which is a room or two for Mafter fide Debtors. Debtors. Felons Sec. 1774, April 13. 3 - - 6, 1776, Feb. 17, 3 - - 2. DARTFORD. This County Bridewell, built in 1720, confilts of two rooms : one for men, twenty-one feet by feventeen and a half: one for women, fourteen feet fquare : both ten feet high. No chimneys : offenfive fewers ; and the rooms dirty : no water : no ftraw : mats, but quite worn out. No yard ; though the Keeper has a garden. His Salary £20: Fees £0 : 2 • 6 : no Table. Allowance to thofe committed on fufpicion of Felony, two-pence a day. Claufes of Aft againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. The Keeper told me, they had about two years ago, a bad Fever ; which himfclf and family, and every frelh Prifoner caught. Two died of it. The Prifoners are now well, and at ■work, upon a Manufafbure of Flax-drefTing and weaving Sacks. Window-tax £1 : 11 : 6 paid by the County. 1776, April 24, Prifoners 6. THERr Home Circuit. KENT. THERE ARE ALSO IN THIS COUNTY, ROCHESTER CITY GAOL, under the Court-Room. One day-room to the ftreet ; and two inner or night-rooms : not clean. In the Keeper's houfe is a room for Debtors ; and another in which Women-felons were kept when the Aflizes were held here. No Court-yard : no water acceffible to Prifoners. Allowance two-pence a day. Keeper a Sergeant : no Salary : Fees ^0:6:0: no Table. Debtor. Felons. 1774, April 14, I - None. 1776, May 25, 0-0. DOVER CASTLE, for Debtors in the Cinque-Ports, i.e. Hafiings, Hover i Hyth, Romney and Sandwich. The Earl of Holdernefs is Bodar. Three rooms : no yard : no water. Entrance Fee £1 : 6 ; 8. Keeper is Bailiff for the Cinque-Ports. Salary ^30. His Prifon dirty : his apo- logy for it was that " he had been abfent fome weeks on his bufinefs as an Officer." 1776, Feb. 17, Prifoners 4. DOVER TOWN GAOL. One room of it is the Bridewell. The Gaol is two rooms on the ground-floor, and two above. No fire-places. All clofe and offenfive. The court-yard not fecure. Allowance four-pence a day. Keeper, no Salary^ but a Chaldron of Coals : Fees ^^o': 8:2: no Table. Debtors. Felons &c. 177 5> My 25, I - 2, 1776, Feb. 17, 3 - 4, M^y 25, 2-3. G g 2 COUNTY 227 228 SUSSEX. Home Circuit. COUNTY GAOL at HORSHAM. GAOLER> Charles Coopet: Salary, ;/^i2o of late; inftead of the Beer-Tap. Fees, Debtors, 7 /• ^ Felons, i '^ Tranfports, - - 2 ; 2 : o each. Licence, for Wine. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors^ none. Felons, two pennyworth of bread a day (weight i8 OHtifes, Sep. 1774). Garnifh, £0:6:6. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1773, Dec. 17, II - - 7, 1774, Sept. 29, 5 - - i3> 1776, Feb. 22, 13 - - 8. CHAPLAIN, None. But the Clergyman who attends condemned Criminals has £^ a year. SURGEON, lately dead. Salary, £^ for Felons. RcMARKs. THE Rooms are too fmall, except the Free-ward for Debtors. No ftraw : no yard ; and yet ground enough for one behind the Gaol. Tranfports convi6ted at Quarter Seflions, have, as thofe condemned at Aflize, the King's allowance of two fhillings and fix- pence Home Circuit. SUSSEX. pence a week. Lent Affize at Eaft-Grinftead -, where there is no Prifon : Summer Affize, at Lewes and Horjham alternately. There is a new Gaol building. The Duke of Richmond, in concurrence with the other Gentlemen of the County, has interefted himfelf much in this affair : the Situation is judicioufly chofenj and the Plan is fuch as appears to me particularly well fuited for the purpofe. TABLE OF JPEES. Su£ex. A List of Fees taken by the Gaoler of the faid County. C. S. D. Upon the difcharge of every Debtor — — 1:2:4 The Sheriff's Fee thereupon — — o : 1 1 ; 8 Turnkey thereupon — — — 0:2:6 For every peck of charcoal — • — — 0:0:3 For every fagot — — — 0:0:2! For every quart of fmall beer — — o : o : i- For lodgings in the Gaoler's beds by the week — 0:2:0 Upon the difcharge of every Felon, to the Gaoler — 1:2:4 Allowed and fettled at the General Quarter Seffions held at Petworth the 3d day of Odober 1737 By us John Butler R. Mill J. Jewkes W" Gratwicke. 229 COUNTY 230 SUSSEX. Home Circuit. COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. HORSHAM. OnTly one room; about ten 'feet and a half by fix and a half, not fix and a half high. In it "the Prifoners are always locked up. Allowance two pennyworth of bread a day : no employment. Keeper, a Widov/, whofe Hufband died of the Gaol-Fever: Salary ;^io: Fees ^^o : 3 : 4: no Table. 1774, Sept. 29, Prifoners, none. 1776, Feb. 22, - - - none. LEWES. .Here men and women have feparate apartments, courts, &c. Keeper's Salary £;io. Fees jTo : 6 : 8 : no Table. The produce of the Prifoners work for three years part, was not twenty fliillings a year; although there were in the re- fpeftive years committed Prifoners 45 — 85 — 65. 1776, Feb. 21, Prifoners 5. PETWORTH. This Bridewell has two rooms : one feventeen feet by ten, full fix feet high ; the other eighteen by nine, fix feet high : too fmall for the general number of Prifoners. No chimney : no yard : no water : no employment. Allowance a penny loaf a day. This I once found to weigh /even ounces and a half . Keeper's Salary lately augmented from ^{^ 12 to ^20. Fees ;(^o : 6 : 8 : no Table. TiiE Keeper told me (in September 1774) that " all his " Prifoners Home Circuit. S. U S S E X. 231 " Prifoners were, upon dlicharge, much weakened by the " clofe confinement, and fmall allowance." Thomas Draper and WiUiam Godfrey were committed the 6 th of January 1776; the former died the nth, the other the 26th of the fame month. William Cox, committed the 13th of January, died the 23d. None of them, had the Gaol-Fever. I do not affirm that thefe men were famifhed to death : it was extreme cold weather. However, fince that time, the allow- ance of bread is doubled. For this the Prifoners are indebted- to the kind, attention of the Duke of Richmond. 1774, Sept. 28, Prifoners 4^ 1776, Feb. 23, - - - 8.,., CHICHESTER CITY GAaL, Over the Eaft-gate. Has two or three rooms j and a court-yard^s but no water. Allowance to Felons &c. two-pence a day. Gaoler, a Sergeant at Mace : Salary ^5 : Fees, Debtors ;^o : 6 : 8 : no Table, Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Sept. 28, I - - o, 1776, Feb, 25, 2 - - I, COUNTY 232 SURRY. Home Circuit, COUNTY GAOL in SOUTHWARK. GAOLER, Betijamln Hall. Salary, none. Feesj Debtors, /o : ii : 4. Felons, o : 15 : 4. Tranfports, - (See Remarks.) Licence, for Beer and Wine. The Tap let. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, \ three halfpennyworth of bread a day Felons, j (weight 17 ounces, Dec. 1776). Legacies. (See Remarks.) Garnifli, Debtors, ^(^0 : 4 : 6. Felons, 0:1:0. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Feb. 9> - 30 - - 60 1776, March 4, - 19 - - 59 Dec. 25, - 18 - - If CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Dyer. ^ ^ Duty— Sunday, Salary, ^50. SURGEON, Meff". Burt and Co. Salary, ^^20 for this Gaol, and the Bridewell in St. George's Fields J and £^ for Travelling Charges to report at the Quarter Seffions, the State of the Prifoners, SOUTH- Home Circuit. SURRY. 233 SOUTHWARK. THE NEW GAOL, befides the Gaoler's Houfe, and the Remarks. Tap -room has for — Mafter's-fide Debtors a parlour, and four other fizeable rooms 3 and for Common-fide Debtors, four good rooms. Mr. Hall takes care to prevent thefe being crowded with the wives and children of the Debtors. For thefe Pri- foners, there is a court-yard : into which Felons are not admitted ; except a few, whom the Gaoler has reafons for indulging with that diftindtion. The ward for Men-felons has fix rooms on three floors : in thefe they fleep. There is a yard belonging to it. — The ward for Women- felons has two lower rooms, two above ; and a court-yard belonging to it. In the two upper rooms, are put Malefa6tors of either fex condemned to die. I HAVE here noted nineteen rooms : yet they are not fufEcient for the number of Prifoners. Mr. Hall is fometimes obliged to put Men-felons into fome rooms of the Women's ward. In fo clofe a Prifon fituated in a populous neighbourhood, I did not wonder to fee in March 1776 feveral Felons fick on the floors. No bedding nor flraw : no Infirmary : no Chapel : Divine Service is performed in the Parlour ; which is too fmall for the purpofe j about fixteen feet fquare. The Adl for preferving the health of Prifoners is on a painted board. The Claufes of the Adl againft Spirituous Liquors are hung up. If the County do not build a new Gaol, more roomy and airy, and in a better fituation, it would at leaft be advifeable to add to H h this 234 S U R R Y. Home Circuit. this an Infirmary ; which, with a Chapel under it, they may build on the vacant ground beyond the Women's ward. Transports have not the King's allowance of two fhillings and fix-pence a week. For thefe Convidts a Merchant contracHis with the County to take them at the Gaol : the Gaoler fends them to the fhip, attended by his fervants ; and receives from the Merchant j^o : lo : 6 for each Prifoner fo conduced. Lent Affize is at Kingjion: Summer A/Tize at Guildford and Croydon alternately. At this lafl: town there is no Prilbn. There is hung up in the Gaol a printed Lift of fixteen Legacies and Donations. The dates of the firft fix are 1555, --7 t, —76, —84, —97, —98. Three are in the next century, viz. 1609, —38, —56. The other feven are not dated : and one of them noted on the Lift, has not been received fince 1726. There are alfo other articles which feem to need infpecftion. Two of the Charities are for Debtors exprefsly : the others are not fo diftinguiftied ; but Debtors have them all. In the title of the paper it is faid, " The Gaol was formerly called the White Lion Prijon." The common Seal of the Prifon is a Lion rampant. There is another Legacy bequeathed by Eleanor Gw)^nn, not, I think, in the Lift; from which are fent to this Prifon once in eight weeks, fixty-four penny loaves. Common-fide Debtors have this as well as the preceding Gifts. Surrey, Home Circuit. SURRY. 235 Surreyy A TABLE of FEES to be tal<.en by the Gaoler— to wit. xJL of the common Gaol or Prifon in Southwark — for any Prifoner committed — Chamber Rent there or Difcharge — purfuant to the Statute— made — 12th — of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George III &c. and in the year of our Lord 1772. I. S. D, For the difcharge from the faid Gaol of every Prifoner T committed for Treafon, or Felony or any offence > o : 13 : 4 againft his Majefty's peace, to the Gaoler or Keeper J To the Turnkey on every commitment of fuch Prifoner o : 1:0 To the Turnkey on the difcharge of every fuch Prifoner o : i : o On the commitment or coming into Gaol of every Prifoner 1 2-0 in a Civil Adion, to the faid Gaoler or Keeper ■* On the difcharge of every fuch Prifoner, to the faid Gaoler! . 6 ■ 10 or Keeper — — — J And to the Turnkey — — For the ufe of bed bedding and fheets for each of the faid mentioned Prifoners on the Mafter fide of the faid Prifon, for the firll night, to the faid Gaoler or Keepe: And for every night after the firft — — o : id. But if two fuch Prifoners lye together in one bed, then 1 one penny halfpenny each — ^ ' To the Clerk of the Papers on every difcharge of any Pri- 7 foner in a Civil Aftion — — J For every fuch Prifoner as fliall chufe to be on the Mailer ' fide for the ufe of bed and bedding and fheets the firft night For every night after the firft — — 0:0:3 But if two fuch Prifoners lye together in one bed, then two- 7 1 nt J 4 pence each — — H h 2 If 236 SURRY. Home Circuit. C s. D. If any fuch Prifoner through poverty can only provide a ") couch, then to the faid Gaoler or Keeper for chamber > o : o ; I rent fer 'week — — — J Seen and allowed By us A. Onslow w" joliffe Haymond. N. Herdidge COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. St. GEORGE'S FIELDS. Built 1772. Separate wards and court-yards for men and women. In the men's ward, two rooms, and a work-fhop, which is about twenty feet fquare, below ; and three rooms above : in one of thefe are beds at two ftiillings and fix-pence a week. The women's ward has, below, one room, and a work-fhop, which is about twenty feet fquare ; and three rooms above : in one of them beds at two {hillings and fix-pence a week. There is a feparate room for faulty apprentices. All the rooms are planked. Window- Ihutters, and iron bars : no glafs. There is no Infirmary. In March 1776 I faw feveral fick on the floors : the County allows no bedding nor ftraw. In April only one fick, on a bed whieh he paid for. In December a woman fick on the floor. The rooms are dirty : in two or three of them were fowls. Prifoners allowance three halfpence a day in bread (weight Dec. 1776, 17 ounces). No firing. I did not fee any at work. Keeper a Sheriff's Officer : Salary ^iy. Licence for Beer. The Home Circuit. SURRY. 237 The Claufes of the A& againft Spirituous Liquors, and the bride- A - - 5 to 10, 6 to 9, 1776, Feb. 12, 8, - - 5. CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Lloyd. Duty-— Sunday and Thurfday. Salary, £20. SURGEON, Mr. Gadjby. Salary, ^12 for the Gaol and Bridewell. IN this Prifon there is a day-room for Debtors, which is Remarks. ufed as a Chapel, and three or four lodging-rooms : for Felons, two day -rooms, one for men, the other for women, without fire-places : two dungeons, down eleven fleps, and often I i 2 very 244 BEDFORDSHIRE. Norfolk Circuit. very damp. The ftraw, for which the County allows the Gaoler £^ a year, is not on the floors, but on frames or bedfteads. On ap- plication, the Juftices allow in winter coals both to Felons and Debtors. The court-yard is common to both, and fmall. No apartments for the Gaoler. Clauses of the Aft againfl: Spirituous Liquors are not hung up. When I was Sheriff, I was culpably ignorant of that Aft. No In- firmarj'. About twenty years ago the Gaol-Fever was in this Prifon : fome died there, and many in the town ; among whom was Mr. Daniel the Surgeon, who attended the Prifoners. His SuccelTor, Mr. Gadfly, judicioufly changed the medicines from Sudorifics (ge- nerally ufed before) to Bark and Cordials : and a Sail-Ventilator being foon after put up, the Gaol has been free from the Fever almoft ever fince. FEES on a printed paper, figned by the late Gaoler, as follows : ALL Perfons that come to this place, either by warrant, commitment, or verbally; muft pay before difcharg'd, fifteen fhillings and four pence, to the Gaoler, and two (hillings to the Turnkey, T. Richardson. COUNTY BRIDEWELL at BEDFORD, Consists of three rooms on the ground-floor: no fire-place: a fmall court-yard : no water acceflible to the Prifoners. — Keeper's Salary ^Tjo : no Fees. 1776, Feb. 13, Prifoners 3. COUNTY Norfolk Circuit. HUNTINGDONSHIRE. 245 COUNTY GAOL at HUNTINGDON. GAOLER, Henry Blane, navf Robert Numu Salary, none. Fees, Debtors, /^o : 12 : 6. Felons, o : 15 : 10. Tranfports, If only one £iz; if more, l^ each: he paying the Clerk of Affize a guinea for each. Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. Felons, four halfquartern-loaves a week. Garnifh, Debtors, £0:1:6. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1773, Nov. 5, 7 - - 4, J 774, Jan. 29, 7 - - 3> 1775, Nov. 9, 4 - - S> 1776, Sep. 27, 3 - - 6. CHAPLAIN, Ktv.yir. Brock. Now no Chaplain. (See Remarks.) SURGEON, Mr. Hunt. Salary, lS-S-°- THIS GAOL is alfo the county bridewell and town gaol. Remarks. For Debtors, a day-room or kitchen ; and over it a large lodging- room. Near it is a day-room for Felons : and down nine fteps a dungeon J46 HUNTINGDONSHIRE. Norfolk Circuit. dungeon for Men-felons ; in which is a fmall condemned room. In another place, down feven Heps, is a dungeon for Women-felons : the floor of it level with the court-yard : in which is the Bridewell. This has two rooms below for men -, and two above for women. The Prifon is too fmall : but I always found the whole of it re- markably clean. Claufes of Aft againfl Spirituous Liquors not hung up. No Infirmarj-. Mr. Nunn's Salary for the Bridewell is ;^24 : i6 : o, for the Town Gaol £2- — Straw ^^4 : 16 : o a year. I WAS forry to hear at my laft vifit that Mr. Brock, the late Chaplain, who officiated very conftantly twice a week, and had a Salary of /20, was difmifled. He would have continued his at- tendance, without the Salary j but an order was made exprefsly for- bidding it. TABLE OF FEES. Huntingdottjhire. \ Table of the ancient accuftomed Fees X~\. demanded taken and received time imme- morial by the Gaoler for the time being of his Majefty's Gaol in the Town of Huntingdon and for the County of Huntingdon as well for Civil Prifoners as Criminal Prifoners. £. S. D. For the Difmiffion Fee for each Debtor to the Keeper — 0:10:0 For the like to the Turnkey — — — 0:2:6 For Debtors bed per iveei — — — o : 2:4 For bed per iveei if two Debtors lye together — —0:3:6 As Norfolk Circuit. HUNTINGDONSHIRE. 247 As to Criminal Prilbners, For the Difmiffion Fee of each Criminal Prifoner difchargedT out of cuftody, either by the Magiftrates, or by the y- o Courts of Affize or Seffions — — J For the like to the Turnkey — __ o For bed per nueek each Fine Trefpafs or Felon — o For bed fer week if two lye together — _ © I. S. D. 13 6 6 8 Robert Nunn Keeper of the County Gaol of Huntingdonfhire 06t. 14. 1774. There is a rafure, which cancels the name of the former Gaoler Hemy Blane, and the date when he figned. COUNTY 248 CAMBRIDGESHIRE. Norfolk Circuit. COUNTY GAOL, CAMBRIDGE CASTLE. GAOLER, Simeon Saunders. Salary, ^(^12 : 14 : o. Fees, Debtors, ^o : 14 : 8. Felons, o : 10 : 8. Tranfports, £G : 6 : o each : he paying the Clerk of AfTize ;^ I : I : o for each. Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. (See Remarks.) Felons, two-pence a day. Garnifh, ;^o : i : o. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1773, Nov. 4, - 8 - - 2, 1774, Dec. 13, - 6 - - 4, 1776, Feb. 9, - 8 - - 6, Sep. 27, - 10 - - o. CHAPLAIN, None. SURGEON, Mr. Prince. Salary, nonej he makes a Bill. Rem.^rks. the prison is the Gate of the old Caftle. Below are two ftrong rooms ; one for Men-felons, the other for Women. You go up twenty-two ftone fteps outfide to the Debtors apartments. On the firft floor is a room for the Turnkey ; a large kitchen ; and two Norfolk Circuit. CAMBRIDGESHIRE. 249 two or three other rooms. Above them are three rooms and a con- demned room. All the rooms are fizeable, but not very fecure : a Prifoner efcaped lately. — Claufes of Aft againft Spirituous Liquors hung up, by a written Order of Thomas Cotkran, Efq. Sheriff. — Straw twenty fhillings a year. — The Caftle-yard is fpacious, but not fafe ; and Prifoners have not the ufe of it. In it is the Gallows. Debtors have fome fmall relief from a Legacy, paid by St, John's and Sidney Colleges : and twenty fhillings a year, deducting Land- tax, from an Eftate at Croxton in this County. No Memorial of either in the Prifon. Cambridgejhire. / | ^ HE General Quarter SefTions of the Peace — JL held at the Shire Hall in Ca7nbridge — the 1 9th —-of April in the 5th year— of Geo III— 1765 Before Edward Leeds Hale Wortham and W'" Howell Even Efq" Juftices &c. A TABLE OF FEES Settled — purfuant to a late Aft — pafled in the ad — of George II Intituled, An Aft for the Relief of Infolvent Debtors &c.— to be hung up publickly in the Prifon of the Caftle of Cambridge. C 0:5:4 £• S. D To the Gaoler for the Commitment Fee to be paid at the time of Commitment, only — — To the Gaoler for the difcharge of every Prifoner to be paid at the time of his difcharge, only — To the Sheriff for the difcharge of every Prifoner to be paid on fuch difcharge — To be paid for the weekly rent of an entire chamber, with 5 : 4 V t 2 ! O one bed only, and clean linnen Kk And 250 CAMBRIDGESHIRE. Norfolk Circuit, jC. s. d. And in cafe more Prifoncrsareput into a room, h that there • is occafion for more beds in the fame chamber, Then there fliall be paid for the ufe of the chamber, and of ^ o : i every bed and linnen and cloaths belonging to it the fum of — __ — Edw Leeds Hale Wortham W" H EWEN. COUNTY BRIDEWELL at CAMBRIDGE Is in the Caftle-yard ; and joins to the Gaoler's houfe. It has a large work room (in which was a quantity of hemp) and a dark room adjoining. Above, is a room with three cages or lodging rooms. Mr. Saunders the County Gaoler is Keeper : Salary ^^2. 1774, Dec. 13, Prifoners 4, ■ 1776, Feb. 9, - - - 6, Sep. 27, - - - I. There are alfo at CAMBRIDGE the TOWN GAOL. Below is a room for criminals, the Hole -, about twenty-one feet by feven. The Prifoner, whom I faw there laft, was a miferable ob- ject : he had been confined fcveral weeks : no allowance. Above are feveral rooms for Debtors -, and one for Criminals, the Cage. No Court-yard : no water acceffible to Prifoners. Gaoler no Salary : Norfolk Circuit. CAMBRIDGESHIRE. 251 Salary: Commitment Fee £0 : 6 : 8, perTabls dated 17th Jan. 1765. Licence for Beer. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c, 1774, Dec. 13, 2 - - 3, 1776, Feb. 9, 2 - - o, Sep. 28, I - - I. TOWN BRIDEWELL. On the ground-floor, one room for men, twenty-one feet by fix: cam- and two lodging-rooms for women; each nine feet by five. In thefe bridge. are lately put bedfteads for ftraw or coverlids : fo that Prifoners do not now fleep on the ground. — Above is a large work-room for women : no fire-place. There is a fmall court-yard ; of no ufe to the Prifoners, becaufe not fecure. No water : no fewer. The whole Prifon out of repair. College, or Vice-Chancellor Prifoners, have four-pence on Sunday, to prevent the neceffity of their working on that day as formerly. Thofe of them that are ill are properly attended, and have three-pence a day. No allowance of bread for Town Prifoners. Keeper's Salary ^^30 : no Fees. Straw ^i : i : o a year. The Bridewell ftands in the back yard of the Keeper's houfej which was bought and endowed for the encouragement of wool- combers and fpinners of this town. The bafis of the Inftitution was a Legacy of the famous Carrier Thomas Hobfon. To anfwer the in- tention, the Keeper appointed is a Clothier : he employs not only feveral hands upon the Foundation of the Charity, but many others -, among them his Prifoners. 1774, Dec. 13, Prifoners 3, 1776, Sep. 28, - - - 7. K k 2 ELY 2^- CAMBRIDGESHIRE. Norfolk Circuit. ELY GAOL. GAOLER, John Mda^ Salary, none. ^ Fees, Debtors, ^o : 15 Felons, o : 13 Tranfports, ^^5 each. Licence, for Beer. .1 2r 4- PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, 7 Felons, 3 none. Garnifli, j(^o : i : 4, Nuniber of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Jan. 30, 6 - - 0, Dec. 13, 1 - 1776, Feb. 9, II - 3' Sep. 28, 7 - L- CHAPLAIN, None. SURGEON, None. JliMAREs. THIS GAOL, the property of the Bifhop, who is Lord of the Franchife of the Ifle of Ely, was in part rebuilt by the late Bifhop about ten years ago ; upon complaint of the cruel method * which, for want of a fafe Gaol, the Keeper took to fecure his Prilbners. For * This «'U by chaining them down on their backs npon a floor, arrors which were feveral iron bar? ; «ith an iron collar with fpikes about their necks, and a heavy : no Fees. — This Prifon might be im- proved on the Keeper's Garden. 1776J Feb. 3, Prifoners 1, heavy iron bar over their legs. An excellent Magiftrate, James Collyer, Efq. pre- fented an account of the cafe, accompanied with a drawing', to the King ; with which his Majefiy was much affefted, and gave immediate orders for a proper inquiry and redrefs. COUNTY 254 NORFOLK. Norfolk Circuit. COUNTY GAOL, NORWICH CASTLE. GAOLER, George Gynne. Salary, none: he pays the Under Sheriff ^^31 : lo : o per annum. Fees, Debtors, ^^o : 7 : 8, Felons, o ; 13 : 4. Tranfports, £s '• ^S '• ^ each. Licence, for Beer and Wine. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, •> a two-penny loaf each ^^r day ('«;«^i?/ Felons, 3 in Dec. 1774, 20 ounces), and every week in common a ftone of cheefe ; in winter twelve bufhels of coals, in fummer fix bulhels. Garnifli, Debtors, jC° • 5 • o. Felons, 0:1:0. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Feb. I, 30 - - 14, Dec. 10, ]6 - - 15, 1776, Feb. 5, 29 - - 16, Nov. 17, 18 - - 32. CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. JVillins. Duty — Friday. Salary, ^30. SURGEON, Mr. Palgrave. Salary, none : he makes a Bill. NORWICH Norfolk Circuit. NORFOLK. 255 NORWICH CASTLE IS SITUATED on the fummit of a hill. That part which is called Remarks. the Upper Gaol has ten rooms for Maller's-fide Debtors ; and Leads for them to walk on. — The Low Gaol has feveral rooms for Debtors, Felons &c. — A fmall area in the middle of the Gaol, in which are lately made fome improvements j fuch as a pump, a convenient bath, and fome rooms over it. There is a dungeon down a ladder of eight fteps, for Men-felons ; in which is often an inch or two of water : and a fmall room for Women-felons ; which keeps them always feparate from the men, except when delicacy would moft of all require it. There are two airy rooms for the fick : fo diftincft from the reft of the Prifon, that there is no danger of fpreading any infection from thence. The Gaoler is humane, and refped;ed by his Prifoners. Thefe, Felons as well as Debtors, fell at the grates of their feparate day- rooms, laces, purfes, nets &c. of their own making. A NURSE or Matron to attend the fick; and provide for them, when the Surgeon orders it, broth, gruel, milk-pottage and extra- firing. — She orders the ftraw, which is not farmed, but paid for per load by the County. — It is alfo her bufinels to fee that the Prifoners be duly ferved with their allowance of bread, which is remarkably good. At Lent Aflize Prifoners are moved from hence to Thetford; and put into a dungeon which is defcribed in that place. Mrs. Frances Kempe formerly bequeathed certain Charities to the Poor of Norwich and Heyden ; and a Stipend for preaching three Sermons a year. For Payment, ftie bound an eftate in Heyden left her by her father John Mingay, Efq. — Among the Charities were fome to Prifoners in this Caftle, and in the City Gaol. Thefe have for many years 2r^(i NORFOLK. Norfolk Circuit. years pafl received nothing j although the Legacies are paid to the other Objefts. TABLE OF FEES. Norfolk. \ Table of the Rates Fees and Allowances to be — JLJL taken by every Gaoler or Keeper of any Gaol or Prifon within the faid County— fettled — at the General Quarter SefTion— holden by Adjournoient at the Caftle of Norwich— 2 1 July — 3d of George II — 1729— in purfuance — of a late Aft— for Relief of Debtors &c. That is to fay C. S. D. For the commitment or coming into Gaol of any PrifonerT ^ . ^ for Debt — — — 5 For chamber rent where the Gaoler finds bedding and lin-'p nen, and a Prifoner hath a bed to him or herfeif, r o : z : o per 'week — — -~- Where there arc two in a bed not exceeding per iveek — 0:1:6 Where there are three in a bed not exceeding per iveek 7 r, ■ r, ■ (. each Prifoner — »— ■— j For the Difcharge of thofe in Execution — — 0:5:4 For the Difcharge of thofe upon Outlaiury — — 0:5:4 For the Difcharge of thofe upon Common Procefs — 0:2:8 WE his MajefVy's Juftices of the Peace— have hereunto fet our hands— the day and year above written 31 July 1729 Wr Bacon Confirmed by us Edm" Bacon James Reynolds Tom. Turner W" Branthwavte Miles Branthwayte R. Bacon Miles Branthwayte NORWICH Norfolk Circuit. NORFOLK. 257 NORWICH CITY AND COUNTY GAOL. GAOLER, Benjamin Fakenham. Salary, none : he pays the Under-SherifF ^^40 a year. Fees, Debtors, ^o : 6:8, Felons, o : 13 : 4. Tranfports, £,S '- S '• ° ^^^h- Licence, for Beer and Wine. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, ") a two -penny loaf each, lately Felons, 3 reduced to a penny loaf. Garnifli, ^^o : i : o. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Feb. I, 5a - - . 7, Dec. 10, 17 - - 5, 1776, Feb. 5, 31 - - 17, Nov. 17, II - - 10. CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Buckle. Duty— -Prayers, once a fortnight j Sermon one Tuefday in a month. Salary, ^^20. SURGEON, Mr. Matchett. Salary, i,S '• ^ '• ^ ^^''^ Debtors and Felons. ONLY one court-yard. Many rooms for Mafter's-fide Debtors. Remarks. One room for Common-fide Debtors, who are Freemen. There is no room for thofe who are not free, but the Felons day-room ; which LI is 258 NORFOLK. Norfolk Circuit. NORWICH, is under the other, and down thirteen fteps. The Felons' dungeons, or night-roorns, are down eleven fteps : one of them quite dark ; the other almoft fo. The Women's dungeon down ten fteps, has a fire-place : but at my two laft vifits they had another night-room, about ten feet and a half by five and a half, and but five feet high. Straw only ;^ I : i : o a year. — The Keeper's ftable adjoining to the laft room, would make the women a good feparate day-room. Many alterations are lately made for the better. The court is now paved : and fome old ftieds, that were in it, are taJcen down. Three night-rooms or cells for Felons, about three feet below the ground, eight feet fquare, planked all over. A bath : and over it two rooms for Debtors. Over them two airy rooms for the fick ; each twenty-two feet by fixteen, near twelve feet high. Gaol-delivery once a year. TABLE OF FEES. Ci/y of Norwich and 7 /\ T the General Quarter Seffion— lA' County 0/ the fame City, i A \, holden at the Guild Hall— ^th Oftober in 33d year— of George II — and— adjourned to the i6th— of the fame Oftober— before Nockold Tompjon Efq. Mzyor— Edward Bacon Efq. Kecorder— Roller t Marjh Efq. &c. &c.— Juftices of— the Peace— It is Ordered by this Court in purfuance of an Adt— for Relief of Debtors— That the feveral Fees— hereunder written, and no other or greater fums — ftiall be — taken by any Gaoler or Keeper of any — Prifon within the — City of Norwich— (That is to fay) Por Norfolk Circuit. NORFOLK. For the commitment or coming into Gaol of any Prifoner , for debt — f For chamber rent where the Gaoler finds bedding and linnen where a Prifoner has a bed to himfelf or herfelf, by the week — — _ Where there are two in a bed not exceeding by the week each Where there are three in a bed not exceeding by the week each For the difcharge of thofe in Execution For the difcharge of thofe upon Outlaivry — . For the difcharge of thofe upon Common Prece/s — C ] S. D. 3 : 4 I : o o : 9 o : 8 S : 4 5 : 4 3 : 4 259 We his Majefty's Juftices of the Peace— for the faid City of Norwich have hereunto — fet our hands- Confirmed and allowed at the Afllze and general Gaol Deli- very of our Lord the King held in and for the City of Norwich and County of the fame City The twenty ninth day of July One Thoufand Seven Hundred and Sixty By us T: PARKER T: DENISON. NockoldTompson Mayor Ed. Bacon John Nuthall J. Spurrell Peter Colombine Jerem Ives. LI NORWICH 26o NORFOLK. Norfolk Circuit. NORWICH CITY BRIDEWELL. Apartments convenient, and kept clean. A yard and pump. 1774, Dec. 10, Prifoners 3, 1776, Feb. 5, - - - 5- COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. SWAFFHAM. Small court-yard. No water. OfFenfive fewers. A large garden or field for the Keeper, Prifoners always locked up : one lunatic. Claufes of Adl againfl: Spirituous Liquors hung up. 1774, Dec. II, Prifoners 7, 1776, Feb. 3, - - - 5. WYMUNDHAM. A large day-room: with three clofets on one fide of it, for night-rooms ; about fix feet by four. A Prifoner complained to me of being obliged to lie in one of thefe clofets, with two boys who had a cutaneous diforder. There is another room for women, and a dark dungeon down eight fteps with the (locks in it. No Prifoners fleep there. Neither the rooms nor the fpacious yard fecure. Prifoners in this Bridewell are not only confined within doors, but always in irons. Keeper's Salary ^i6 : no Fees. Allowance to thofe fufpecSted Norfolk Circuit. NORFOLK. 261 fufpecled of Felony, four-pence a day. Straw ten ftiillings a year. Claufes of Aft againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. 1776, Nov. 17, Prifoners 5. THETFORD TOWN GAOL Is alfo the Town Bridewell. The ground-floor for the Keeper. On the firft ftory, are four rooms for Debtors ; and two for Delin- quents. For Felons a Dungeon down a ladder of ten fteps ; eighteen feet by nine and a half, and nine feet high : a window about eighteen inches by twelve : another window about two feet fquare, lately opened into the paflage. At Affize once a year from fixteen to twenty Prifoners brought hither from Norwich Caftle are confined in this dungeon, men and women together, four or five nights. Court-yard not fecure. No water. Keeper no Salary. No Fees : only the Houfe to live in. 1774, Dec. 9, Prifoner i, 1776, Nov. 18, - - - None. YARMOUTH TOWN GAOL. Besides the Gaoler's houfe, in which are rooms for Mafter's-fide Debtors, there are for Felons, a day-room, and court-yard, both too clofe ; and two lodging-rooms for fuch as pay for them : two dungeons or night-rooms down a ladder of ten fteps, one for men, the other for women. Al- lowance a penny loaf a day (weight in Feb. 1776, 13 ounces): four chaldron of coals a year. They fend out a begging-bafket three times a week.— Gaoler's Salary ^^15: Fees ^To : 6 : 8 : no 262 NORFOLK. Norfolk Circuit. no Table. Claufes of A£t againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. 1776, Feb. 6, Debtors 6, Felons &c. 14. YARMOUTH TOWN BRIDEWELL. In the Work-houfe Yard. Four rooms J a fire-place in one of them. No water. Court of Confcience Debtors confined here, and difcharged in three months. 1776, Feb. 6, Prifoners, none. L Y N N R E G I s TOWN GAOL. The rooms are convenient, and kept clean. Straw and two coverlids ; court-yard fmall. Gaoler's Salary ;£ 1 1 : Fees, Debtors j^o : 3 : 4, Felons £0 : ^ : o, per Table figned by the Mayor dated 1729. 1774, Dec. II, Debtor i. COUNTY Norfolk Circuit, SUFFOLK. 263 COUNTY GAOL at IPSWICH. GAOLER, Rowland Baker, novf John Ripjhaw, Salary, none. Fees, Debtors, ? /. „ ^ £0 : 10 : 8. Felons, j Tranfports, £6 : 6 '. o each ; he paying Clerk of Affizc j^i : I : o for each. Licenfe, for Beer and Wine. PRLSONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. (See Remarks.) Felons,, two-pence a day in bread (weight in Dec. 1774, 1% jounces), Garnilh, Debtors, ^0:2:6. Felons, 0:1:0. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Feb. 3, 22 - - 14, Dec. 7, 15 - - 5, 1776, Feb, 7, 29 - - 17, Nov. 18, 15 - _ 6. CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Brome. Duty— Sunday and Friday. (See Remarks.) Salar)', ^50. SURGEON Salary, ^^40 for Debtors and Felons, IPSWICH. 264 SUFFOLK. Norfolk Circuit. IPSWICH. Remarks. THIS is alfo the TOWN GAOL : yet only one court yard. — For Debtors, a kitchen, or day-room j and feveral chambers : one of thefe is lately made a free ward. — For Felons a day-room : and for the men a ftrong night-room; with beds excellently contrived for cleanlinefs and health. Each Prifoner has a crib-bedftead, ten or twelve inches high j the head raifed a few inches ; ftrong feet, low fides. Thefe keep as diftinft as poflible Prifoners who fleep in the fame room ; and are eafily moved when the ward is to be wafhed. The County allows to each crib a ftraw bed, and a blanket. — The women have no feparate day-room : and their ward, or night-room, has no fire-place. — One of the two drinking-rooms is called the Garnijh-room. — ^Two rooms for the fick ; not diftind enough from the reft. It is not without relufbance that I add, the fick in February 1776 complained to me of being negleded by the Surgeon. At my laft vifit, none fick. — Debtors fell at the front grate garters, purfes &c. of their own making. A NEAT Chapel lately built. Mr. Brome, the Chaplain, does not content himfelf with the regular and punflual performance of his ftated Duty ; He is a Friend to the Prifoners on all occafions. Assize always at Bury : no allowance for conveying Prifoners thither. Keeper a Sheriff^'s Officer. Debtors have on Sunday from a Legacy of Mr. John Pemherton, each one pound and a half of beef for broth, a penny loaf and a pint of ale. From another Legacy the Town fupplies them with five chaldron of coals yearly. No Memorial in the Gaol. Suffolk, Norfolk Circuit. SUFFOLK. 265 TABLE OF FEES. Suffolk, \ T the General Quarter Seffions — holden by Adjourn- to wit. JL 1l merit at Bury St. Edmunds— -2 ift— July— 1729, A Table of Fees fettled by the Juftices of the faid Divifion — purfuant to a late A(5t— for the Relief of Debtors &c. at the Aflize for the County oi Suffolk — at Bury St. Edmunds the 24th— of July 1729. C. S. D. To the Gaoler for the Commitment Fee and difcharee of i f o : 12 : 8 every Pnfoner — — — 3 Out of which is to be paid to the SheriiF — 0:2:0 To the Officer — — — 0:2:0 For the rent of every chamber weekly — . 0:2:6 Jasper Cullum Jermyn Davers G. GoLDiNG M. Shelton. I HAVE reviewed this Table of Fees and do think proper to mode- rate and reduce the fame to * lliillings and eight pence by difal- lowing the two fhillings to be paid to the Officer and deduding fix pence ^fr week out of the Chamber Rent THO. PENGELLY. COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. IPSWICH. On the ground-floor is a work-fliop j and a night- room for men : up flairs a night-room for women. None of them, nor the court-yard fecure. Claufes of Aft againfl Spiri- tuous Liquors not hung up. Keeper's Salary ;^i7. No Fees. * Erafed. M m Prifoners, 266 SUFFOLK. Norfolk Circuit. BRIDE- Piifoners, no allowance : and but half the produce of their WELLS. labour. 1774, Dec. 8, Prifoners r, 1776, Feb. 7, - - - 3, Nov. 18, - - - 2, WOODBRIGE. Two dirty rooms. No chimney in that of the women. No ftraw : no water. Yard fmall and not fafe : may be enlarged out of the Keeper's Garden. His Salary ;^i5. Prifoners allowance two-pence a day : I faw none at work. When they work they have half the profit. No firing. One fick in bed. — Claufes of A(5b againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. 1776, Feb. 7, Prifoners 9. BECCLES. A ROOM on the ground-floor; and a dungeon feven fteps under ground. Keeper's Salary ^11 : 10:0. Fees j^o : 6 : 8 : No table. Allowance a twopenny loaf a day. Thirty Ihillings a year for ftraw. ^^5 a year for coals. When Prifoners work they have half the profit. 1776, Feb. 6, Prifoners 3. LAVENHAM. A work-room below : a chamber for men, ano- ther for women : none of them fecurc.. Prifoners alwa)-s kept within doors, and a padlock on each. A court-yard : no water. Keeper's Salary ;^ 1 5 : 14 : 8. No Fees. The Prifoners were fpinning. 1776, Nov. 18, Prifoners 2 Men.. CLARE. A WORK-ROOM. Two lodging-rooms with boarded bed- fteads. No chimnies. Windows clofe glazed -, and the work- room Norfolk Circuit. S U F F O L K. 267 room made offenfive by a clofet in it. Court-yard not fecure ; and Prifoners have no accefs to the well of fine water. The Prifon walls are clay ; and the whole of it is out of repair : the Prifoner, a Woman, at work, in irons. No allowance. Keeper a Manufafturer : Salary ,^13 : 5 : 4 : no Fees. Claufes of Adt againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. 1776, Dec. 6j Prifoner i. BURY St. EDMUND'S GAOL. This Prifon for the Franchife or hiherty of Bury SL Edmund's, is the property of Sir Charles Davers. The court-yard is fpacious, but not fecure : none have the ufe of it without paying a fliilling a week. On one fide of it are feveral rooms for Debtors : one of them is a work-room : thofe who work in it pay a fliilling a week. — On the other fide, is a large Dungeon down three fteps j which is the day and night-room for Felons : the men are chained to ftaples fixed in the barrack bedfleads. No ftraw. There is another dungeon down a ftep or two ; feldom ufed. The late Gaoler told me that in the winter 1773 five died of the Small-Pox. No Apothecary then ; but one is appointed fince. No Infirmary. — A Chaplain ; and Prayers twice a week. — Keeper, no Salary : Fees, Debtors ^To : 8 : 8, Felons j{o : 6 : 8 : no Table : Licence for Beer and Wine. — Allowance, Debtors none, Felons three-halfpennyworth of bread a day; and from the 5th of November to the Saturday before Lady-day, Felons have two bufhels of coals a week, and Debtors four : both from a Legacy of which no Memorial in the Gaol. — In a Dejcription of Bury printed 177 i, there is an account of feveral ancient Donations and Bequefts to Prifoners. Whether they be now totally funk, or tl\e coals be from fome of them, I cannot fay. M m a At 268 SUFFOLK. Norfolk Circuit. At Aflize, twice a year, Prifoners of both fexes brought from Ifjwich are confined four or five nights in the Dungeon here defcribed. Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Dec. 9, 10 - - 15, 1776, Feb. 8, n - - 18, Nov. 18, 5 - - 6. BURY BRIDEWELL. This, it is faid, was in former times a Jewifli Synagogue. It has a large work-room : a room for men, and another for women : all up flairs. No court-yard : no water. Keeper's Salary £6 : and four-pence for each Prifoner's ftraw : Fees j^o : r : o. 1774, Dec. 9, Prifoners 2, 1776, Feb. 8, - - - I, Nov. 18, - - - I. SUDBURY BOROUGH-GAOL Has for Debtors a day-room with a fire-place ; and two little rooms for them to lodge in, about feven feet by five each. — A room for Men-felons with a fire-place and a loom : — another for women ; this alfo has a fire-place. A court-yard, not fecure ; and the water not acceffible to Prifoners. They have no allowance. Keeper, no Salarj' : Fees j^o : 4 : o : no Table. Claufes of A(5b againft Spiri- tuous Liquors not hung up. 1776, Dec. 6, No Prifoners. COUNTY Midland Circuit. WARWICKSHIRE. 269 COUNTY GAOL at WARWICK. GAOLER, William Roe Jun"-- Salary, none. Fees^ Debtors, ;^o : 14 : 6, Felons, o : 13 : 4. Tranfports, ^^8:0:0 each, he paying Clerk of Affize jTi : I : o for each. Licence to Turnkey for Beer. Gaoler brews it. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. (See Remarks.) Felons, a Loaf of jlb. every other day. Garnifh, Debtors, £0 : 2 '• 4- Felons, o : a : 6. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1773, Nov. 22, - 23 - - 9, 1774, Nov. 10, - 13 - - 13, 1776, Jan. 6, - 24 - - 33, Oft. 30, - 22 - - 7, CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Mufan, Duty — Sunday and Friday. Salar>', £s°- SURGEON, Mr. ITeale. Salary, ^20 for Gaol and Bridewell. WARWICK, 270 WARWICKSHIRE. Midland Circuit. WARWICK. Remarks. ONE Court-yard for Debtors, and Men-felons. Women-felons have quite feparate Court, day-room, and two night-rooms. They ufed to be loaded with irons j now they have none. Men-felons have a day-room : their night-room is in an octagonal Dungeon about twenty-one feet diameter, down thirty-one fteps ; clofe, damp, and ofFenfive. Two cells, in another dungeon for the condemned. Prifoners are tried in the county cloathing. I faw twelve fuits for men and fix for women. * Debtors common day-room is the Hall, which is alfo ufed as a Chapel. For Mafter's-fide, ten or twelve rooms, fome of them in the Rooks Neft, where alfo is the free ward. No Infirmary. The late Gaoler Mr. Roe (uncle to the prefent) died in 1772 of the Gaol-Diftemper j and fo did fome of his Prifoners. No water then, but now plenty. — The Felons allowance of bread is judicioufly fixed by weight, not variable with the price. Debtors have in common from a Legacy thirty fliillings a year: and from another Legacy eight three-penny loaves at the beginning, and as many at the end, of every month. No memorial of either Le- gacy hung up in the Gaol. This Prifon might be improved on the adjacent ground belonging to the county. • See a better practice at Reading in Berk(hire. A TABLE Midland Circuit. WA R W I C K S H I R E. 271 A TABLE OF DEBTORS FEES, As fettled — by his Majefly's Juftices of the Peace — at the General Quarter Seffions— held at IVarwick — the loth day of July 1759 according to the diredions of an Adl — for the Relief of Debtors &c. £. S. ve a bed ■> Every Prifoner that lies on the Keeper's fide if he has a -\ bed to himfelf, pays by the week — — 3 Thofe Prifoners on the Keeper's fide and have a bed between two, pay each by the week For entering every adtion againll each Prifoner For difcharging every adlion againft each Prifoner To the Under-Sheriff for every difcharge — For receiving and entering every declaration For a copy of each Warrant againft each Prifoner — For every Certificate of the caufe of a Prifoner's being detained in Prifbn in order for being difcharged ing T 3 10 4 I I D. : 6 : 6 o 6 o o o We the Judges of AfTize for the County of Warwick have reviewed and do hereby confirm the above Table of Fees. Given under our Hands this 24th day of Auguft 1759 T. PARKER JA HEWITT A true Copy. F Stratford M Wise W HuDDESFORD J Bird C Bean IN 2/2 WARWICKSHIRE. Midland Circuit. IN this Gaol is hung up the following ORDER. JFarwickJhire^ A T— General Quarter Seffions— 12th January— to wit. x~\. 13th of George III— and in the year 1773 before Jo/eph Davie Clerk, John Ingram, Samuel Aylworth Efqrs. Ordered and it is the opinion of this Court— that the Gaol be always kept clofe fhut up and no perfons admitted therein, or per- mitted to continue there after nine in the evening between Michael- mafs and Lady-day, and ten in the evening between Lady-day and Michaelmafs, except in cafes of real neceflity or bufincfs. J T Hewitt Clerk of the Peace. COUNTY BRIDEWELL at WARWICK. This Prifon, the only County Bridewell, is too fmall. — For men, a work-room and two lodging-rooms. — For women, two rooms in a little feparate court. — No water. The handle of the pump is outfide of the wall. — The whole Prifon clofe and ofFenfive : might be en- larged on the ground adjacent. Allowance one pound and a half of bread a day : no employment. Keeper's Salary ^^30: Fees ^^o : 4 : 8 : no Table. Claufes of Aft againft Spirituous Liquors hung up. Mr. Mujfan (Chaplain to the County Gaol) reads Prayers here once a week. Committed in the year 1772, Prifoners 85; in 1773, iii; in 1774, Nov. 10, Prifoners i, 1776, Jan. e, - - - ^, Oct. 30, - - ~ 12. COVENTRY Midland Circuit. WARWICKSHIRE. 273 COVENTRY CITY and COUNTY GAOL. GAOLER, Bafil Goode. Salary, /[12. This year, taken off. Fees, Debtors, ■) ^ '. ' [ £0 : 15 : 4. relons, j Tranfports, ^^8 each. Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. Felons, a pennyworth of bread a day. Garnifli, ^^o : 3 : o. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1773, Nov. 20, 9 - - 7, 1776, Jan. 7, 16 - - 10, Oft. 30, 7 - - 5- CHAPLAIN, None. SURGEON, Mr. Harper. Salary, none : he makes a Bill. THIS GAOL, built two years ago, is in a clofe part of the Remarks. City. I was fliewn a fine fpot which fome Gentlemen very judi- cioufly preferred. It has eight lodging-rooms for Mafter's-fide Debtors; and one free ward. Women-felons fleep in their day- room. The Men have a day-room. To their Dungeons you go N n down 274 WARWICKSHIRE. Midland Circuit. down twelve fteps to a paflage only four feet wide : the four dun- geons are about nine feet by fix : at the upper corner of each, a little window. All are dirty, offenfive and unhealthy: we went down with torches. Only one court-yard for all Prifoners. No ftraw. No Infirmary. Claufes of Aft againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. COVENTRY CITY BRIDEWELL. Two rooms for men j two for women ; all clofe and offenfive. No court-yard : no water acceffible to Prifoners : no fewers : no em- ployment. Keeper's Salary £^. Fees one fhilling. The old Town-Hall adjoining, and now ufelefs, might be added to this Prifon. 1776, Jan. 7, Prifoners 6. — - oa. 30, - - - 3, BIRMINGHAM TOWN GAOL. The gaol for this large populous town is called the Dungeon. The court-yard is only about tvvent>'-four feet fquare. Keeper's houfe in front; and under it two cells down eight fi:eps : the fl:raw is on bedfteads. On the right hand of the court two fmall night-rooms for women ; and fome rooms over them : — on the left hand is the Gaoler's liable, and one finall day-room for men and women ; no window : Midland Circuit. WARWICKSHIRE. 275 window : — above is a free ward for Court of Confcience Debtors, who are cleared in forty days : this is a fizeable room, but has only one window eighteen inches fquare. Over it is another room, or two. In this fmall court-yard, befides the litter from the ftable, I faw a ftagnant puddle near the fink, for the Gaoler's ducks. Gaoler's poultry is a very common nuifance ; but in fo fcanty a court it is intolerable. — The whole Prifon is very offenfive. — At fome particular times here are great numbers confined. Once in the winter 1775 there were above 150, who by the care of the Magiflrates had a fupply of proper food, broth &c. — Licence for Beer : Fees £0: 2:0: no Table. Claufes of Ad: againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. Debtors. Offenders. 1774, Nov. 10, 7 - - 2, 1776, Sep. II, 7 - - 5- N n 2 COUNTY 2/6 LEICESTERSHIRE. Midland Circuit. COUNTY GAOL at LEICESTER, GAOLER, Samuel Jordan. Salary, none. Fees, Debtors, 7 /- . 15 : 4- Felons, Tranfports, If only one ;^8 ; if ntiore than one £1 each. Licence, none. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, '^ a four -penny loaf every other day Felons, j (weight once lib. 8 oz. once 3/^. 5 oz.). Garnifh, Debtors, ^^o : 4:0, Felons, 0:3:0. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1773, Nov. 16, 16 - - 3, 1774, April 4, 16 - - II, »775> Jan- 3. 15 - - 7. Nov. II, 17 - - 1776, oa. 29, 17 - - CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Pigot. Duty — Sunday. Salary, ^^30. SURGEON, Mr. Ma/on. Salary, jT 1 5 for Debtors and Felons. 2, 5- LEICESTER. Midland Circuit. LEICESTERSHIRE. 277 LEICESTER. FOR Mafter's-fide Debtors eight or nine rooms. Day-room com- Remarks. mon. The free ward the Cellar is a long dungeon *, which is down feven fteps and damp ; two windows ; the largeft about a foot fquare. Felons day and night rooms are dungeons from five to feven fteps under ground. They fleep on thick mats ; which, if coverlids were added, would be better than ftraw. The whole clofe and offenfive. Court-yard fmall. No Chapel. Two rooms lately built for an In- firmary : but the fituation of the Gaol is fo confined, that it cannot be made convenient or healthy. In 1774 three Debtors and a Felon died of the Small-Pox. Of that difeafe I was informed few ever re- cover in this Gaol. Clauses of the Aft againft the ufe of Spirituous Liquors painted on the fame board as the Table of Fees. In this County they make an annual collection by a kind of Volun- tary Brief The Gentlemen of the Grand- Jury recommend it to the Clergy : moft of whom promote the colleftion in their refpeftive parifhes. The thanks of the Grand Jury to forty-eight Clergymen by name, were inferted in the heicefter Journal of Feb. i6th 1775 ; for the fatisfaflion of thofe Gentlemen and other Contributors. There is a table of the fum received from each parilh ; and a Lift of Debtors * This feems to be the lown moifi Dungcojz that was complained of by a debtor in this Gaol, in his Letter 13th Nov. 1690 fent to Mofes Pitt, a Prifoner in the Fleet ; who printed it, with other Letters from Prifoners, in his Cry of the Oppreffed 1691. By this and one or two more of the Letters in that little Tradt, it appears that fome inconveniences which I obferved in Gaols, and have fet down in my Remarks, are of long Handing. cloathed 278 LEICESTERSHIRE. Midland Circuit. cloathed or difcharged j and an account of the expenditure of the remainder in feeding and warming all the Prifoners in the inclement feafon. The colledlions in 1774 amounted to ^74. The ac- counts are kept, and the application of the money is chiefly diredbed by John Smfjon, Efq. of Leicefter. I wifh every County would imitate this exemplary benevolence : and I wifli every County that does fo, a Steward equally faithful and affiduous. Leicejlerjhire. A TABLE of FEES to be taken by the Keeper of this Gaol. £. S. D. For lodging of every Prifoner/^'/- week — 0:2:4 For Gaol-Fees for difcharge of every Prifoner — o : 13 : 4 For the Turnkey — — — 0:2:0 A Room of every Prifoner who finds his own hed. per week o : 1:0 A Room, called the Cellar, for debtors if they find their own bed o : 0:0 For the Copy of every Warrant or Commitment — 0:1:0 For figning the Certificate in order to obtain a Superfedeas o : 1 ; o Thomas a Becket Session. July 10. 1759. "We whofe names are hereunto fubfcribed his Majefty's Juflices of the Peace in and for the County of Leicefter do hereby allow of the above Fees being taken. We the Judges of Affize for the County W". Wrighte of Leicefter have reviewed and do here- Ch. Hutchinson by confirm the above Table of Fees. John Danvers Given under our Hands this 17th day W. Cant. of Auguft 1759 T. PARKER J A. HEWITT. The above is a Copy of the Original. COUNTY Midland Circuit. LEICESTERSHIRE. 279 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. Leicester. Two rooms below for men: two above for wo- men ; one of thefe not ufed, becaufe not fecure. No chim- neys. Court-yard not fafe for Prifoners to be allowed the ufe of it. The Prifon is kept clean. Keeper's Salary ^21 : he pays Window-tax ^o : 14 : o. No allowance. I faw none at work. 1775, Jan. 3, Prifoners 3, 1776, Odl. 29, - - - 2. MELTON-MOWBRAY. Two rooms about eleven feet by nine. The loft above is a malt chamber, let by the Keeper for 10 s. 6d. a year. Salary ^4. He pays twenty-five fliillings a year for the cottage he now lives in. The County is building him a little dwelling of two rooms. — No court-yard nor any room for one. No water. 1776, Sep. 25, Prifoners none. HINKLEY. This Prifon has a work-room; a lodging-room for men ; another for women ; both of them fmall. Mats upon bed-fteads. Keeper's Salary ^^4 : 4 : o. Fees £0 : 2:6: no Table. He is alfo mailer of the Work-houfe adjoining; in which the poor looked healthy, were cheerful, clean, and at work. 1776, Oft. 30, No Prifoners. LEICESTER 2So LEICESTERSHIRE. Midland Circuit. LEICESTER BOROUGH and COUNTY GAOL. GAOLER, Henry Couljon, now Samuel Jordan. Salary, none : he pays rent ^^3. Fees, Debtors, s, 3 Felons, Tranfports, £10 each. Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, 7 » a ^«^i ;„ Kr»-,^ ' > two-pence a day each in bread. Felons, j Garnifli, Debtors, ^0:4: 6. Felons, 0:2:6. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, April 4, 5 - - 5» 1775, Jan. 3, I - - 2, Nov. II, I - - o, 1776, Oft. 29, 1 - - 2. CHAPLAIN, None. SURGEON, Mr, Maule. Salary, none : he makes a Bill. LEICESTER Midland Circuit. LEICESTERSHIRE. 281 LEICESTER TOWN GAOL. A COMMON Day-room or Kitchen: two rooms above for Remarks. fuch as pay. Down five fleps a Dungeon for Men-felons 5 another for Women ; another for Common-fide Debtors. This Town Gaol has a Court-yard with plenty of water. No Table of Fees. Claufes of the A& againfl: Spirituous Liquors not hung up. TOWN BRIDEWELL. Joins to the Town Gaol. Two fmall rooms for men, and two for women. Keeper's Salary ^^i : 13 : 4. 1776, 061. 29, No Prifoners. Co COUNTY 282 DERBYSHIRE. Midland Circuit. COUNTY GAOL at DERBY. GAOLER, Blyth Simpjoyi. Salary, ^^20. Fees, Debtors, Felons, Tranfports, ^^5 : 17 : o each. Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, 7 per week, each two ninepenny loaves j Felons, j and in common two Ccy/. of coals. Garnifh, £0:2' ^> ^""^ £^ '• ^ '■ '^ for coals &c. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1773, Nov. 18, 4 - - 3> 1774, April 2, 8 - - 10, 1775, Nov. 13, 12 - - 8, 1776, OcT:. 29, 10 - - 7. CHAPLAIN, Rev, Mr. Seal, now the Rev. Mr. Henr}'^ Duty — Tuefday, Thurfday, Saturday. Salary, ^30. SURGEON, Mr. Harrifon. Salar)', /30 for Debtors, Felons, and the Bridewell. Three guineas for Travelling Charges to Quarter Seffions, to report the Hate of the health of the Prifoners. DERBY. Midland Circuit. DERBYSHIRE. 283 DERBY. THIS GAOL, built about eighreen years ago, is in an airy Remarks. healthy fituation. — The Debtors Court-yard and Ward very properly feparate from thofe for Felons, but not from the Bridewell. The Debtors floors are tarras, not eafily wafhed. The windows in general too fmall. — The Bridewell, in the Debtors court, has a large work- room, a lodging-room for men, and two for women. Mr. Simpfon is Keeper: Salary ^^40, dedudling ;^i4 for the former Keeper. — In the Felons Court there is for men a day-room, and down threefteps a dungeon : for women a day-room, and two fmall night-rooms; the latter are too clofe. — A neat Chapel, and near it a new Bath : Prifoners wafh in it before AiTize and Quarter SeiTions : a Copper juft by to warm the water in winter, — Over thofe are two rooms for an Infirmar)\ — There is alfo a new room or parlour at the Keeper's houfe with windows to the Felons court : this circumftance keeps them quiet and orderly. The County allows eight guineas a year for Straw. Mr. Simpson obferved to me veryjudicioufly, that " Licences in Gaols occafion much diforder." A PERSON goes round the County about Chriflmas to Gentlemen's houfes, and begs for the Debtors. He carries a book, in which the Giver enters his name, and donation. The whole amount ge- nerally about ;^ 1 4. O o 3 TABLE 284 DERBYSHIRE. Midland Circuit, TABLE OF FEES. Derbyjhire, A T the General Quarter Sefllons— held at Bake-well to wit. xjL —on Tuefday the firft week after the tranflation of St. Thomas the Martyr (to wit) the lOth— July— 4th year of —George III.— 1764, before the Rev. Sir John Every, Bart, the Rev. John Simp/on, Clerk, Philip Cell, John Twigg, Hewy I'hornhill, and Jojeph Briggs, Efquires, Juftices &c. Leonard Fosbrooke, Efq. Sheriff. It is ordered — that the following— Fees — be taken by the Keeper — and no other. £■ S. D. For ths lodging of every Prifoner in his hcufe per week o : 2:6 For the difcharge of each Prifoner out of cuftody — o : 13 : 4 To the Turnkey — — — o : 2 > o For the copy of every Warrant — — 0:1:0 For figning a Certificate, in order to obtain a Superfedetu o : 2:0 For regiftering each declaration — — 0:1:0 For attending with every Prifoner in order to give bail or be otherwife difcharged bail orT And it is further ordered, that the Clerk of the Peace do caufe this Order to be printed, and the Keeper of the Gaol for the time being do obferve the fame upon pain of being profecuted accord- ing to law. By the Court, Heathcote Clerk of the Peace We the Judges of Allize for the County of Derby liave reviewed and do hereby confirm the above written Table of Fees. Given under our hands at the Affizcs holden at Derby the i ith day of Auguft 1764. T. PARKER E. CLIVE. DERBY Midland Circuit. DERBYSHIRE. 285 DERBY TOWN GAOL Is alfo the Bridewell. Two rooms for Debtors ; one for Felons ; tliree for Petty Ofrenders. Prifoners always locked up : the narrow court or paflage, only thirty-four feet by feven, not being fecure, is of little ufe but for the Keeper's fowls. The whole dirty and of- fenfive. Gaoler has a garden behind the Prifon. No Salary as Gaoler: as Keeper of Bridewell ^5. Fees, Debtors 6s. 8d, Felons 3 s. 6d. No Table. Garnifh 3 s. 6d. on a paper in the Debtors kitchen. Allowance to Felons one Ihilling and fix-pence weekly in bread. Licence for Beer. 1776, Oft. 29, Debtors 2, Felons &c. 2. Another county bridewell at CHESTERFIELD. This Houfe, given, as I was informed^ to the County for a Bridewell, was built in 1614. For men, a room or cellar under the Keeper's houfe -, down eight fteps ;. but level with the ground behind it : provifion generally put through a hole in the floor. A room for women up ftairs. No court-yard : no water : no flraw. Nothing allowed by the County for Conveyance to Quarter Seffions. Keeper's Salary £20. No fees : no allowance : no employment, 1776, Jan. 10, Prifoners 2, Oft. 28, - - - I. CHESTER- 286 DERBYSHIRE. Midland Circuit. CHESTERFIELD GAOL, For the Hundred of Scar/dale, is the property of the Duke of Portland -, to whom, or to his Steward, the Gaoler pays ;^ 1 8 : 1 2 : o a year. — Only one room with a cellar under it ; to which the Prifon- ers occafionally defcend through a hole in the floor. The cellar had not been cleaned for many months. The Prifon-door had not been opened for feveral weeks, when I was there firft. There were four Prifoners, who told me they were almofl ftarved : one of them faid, with tears in his eyes, " he had not eaten a morfel that day j " it was afternoon. Their meagre fickly countenances confirmed what they faid. They had borrowed a book of Dr. Manion's; one of them was reading it to the reft. Each of them had a wife j and they had in the whole thirteen children, caft on their refpeftive parifhes. Two had their groats from the Creditors j and out of that pittance they relieved the other t^vo. No allowance : no ftraw : no firing : water a halfpenny for about three gallons, put in (as other things Are) at the window. — Gaoler lives diftant. 1776, Jan. 10, Debtors 4, Oa. 28, - - - I. COUNTY Midland Circuit. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 287 COUNTY GAOL at NOTTINGHAM. GAOLER, Richard Boningtan, Salary, ^^20. Fees, Debtors, Felons, Tranfports, £7 • 17 • 6 each. Licence for Beer. ] £0 : 14 : 8. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, of late three- halfpennyworth of bread a day. Felons, three-halfpennyworth of bread and a halfpenny in money every day (weight of threepenny Loaf in Jan. 1775, lib, 1 44-02. J. Garnifh, lately prohibited. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1773, Nov. 17, - 4 - - 12, 1774, April 3, - 12 - _ 2, 1775, Jan. 4, - 10 - - I, Nov. 12, - 4 - - II, 1776, Sep. 25, - 4 - - 10. CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Anderfon. Duty — Sunday and Wednefday,, Salary, £c^o. SURGEON, Mr. Bettefon. Salary, ^^20 for Debtors and Felons. NOTTING- 288 NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. Midland Circuit. NOTTINGHAM. Remarks. THE GAOL is on the fide of a hill. For Mafter's fide Debtors three rooms, Down about twenty-five fl:eps, are three rooms for Criminals who can pay. Down twelve fl:eps more are deep dun- geons, cut in the fandy rock, very damp : only one of them is ufed -, it is twenty-one feet by thirteen, and feven feet high : the ftraw on barrack-beds. For Bathing here is (not, as in moft other County Gaols, an in- convenient and almofl: ufelefs Tub — but) a large and very commo- dious Bath, fupplied with river water j and a Copper jufl: by, to warm it when necefl^ary. This Bath is a late improvement ; and fo is the Infirmary, near it, which has two rooms. The A£t for pre- ferving the Health of Prifoners is neatly painted over the Keeper's door. The Jufl:ices have allowed the Gaoler to fupply the fick with better nourifliment &c. to the amount of feven Ihillings a week. Gentlemen fo remarkably confiderate and humane will, I hope, abolifii the unwholefome Dungeon. No Chapel. Service is performed in a parlour, which is too fmall. Transports condemned at AlTizes have, with the King's allow- ance of two ftiillings and fix-pence a week, the County-bread. Here (as at Derby) a man goes round the County about Chrifl:- jiias, and begs at Gentlemen's houfes for the Debtors. He carries a book, and Gentlemen write in it their names and donations. Amount, the two laft years ;^62. Charge of colleding ^^iS. Prisoners Midland Circuit. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 289 Prisoners are tried in cloaths provided for that purpofe by the County. In the account lately fent up to London of Tranfports in this Gaol, was one William Berks. This man obtained his Majefty's pardon. Mr. Francis Waters, Clerk of Affize, in his letter fent with the par- don, charges State Office Fees £1 : j : 6, My Fees - 1:7:8. For thefe and the Gaol Fees the pardoned Criminal was detained at my laft vifit. TABLE OF FEES. Nottingham/hire. AT the Quarter Seffions held at the Shire-Hall 14th January 1760. For lodging and board of each Prifoner per week — o For each Prifoner when he hath a room and bed of the Gaoler -\ C o and diets himfelf, by the week — 5 For each Prifoner when he finds his own bed and diet per week o For the difcharge of each Prifoner — — o And to the Turnkey for the fame — — o The Gaoler is to take notice if he takes more than the above Sums he is liable to forfeit to the party aggrieved for each offence the fum of FIFTY POUNDS exclufive of the penalties infiided by for- mer Afts. P p We s. D. 7 : o 2 : Q : 5 •3 : 4 I ■ 4 zgo NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. Midland Circuit. We direft the Deputy Clerk of the Peace betwixt now and the next SefTions to put Copies of this Table in the rcfpeftive Courts within this County where the General Quarter Seffions are held, and alfo in fome confpicuous open place v/ithin the faid Gaol in order that the fame may be infpefted as occafions may require to be reforted to at all feafonable times in the day time without paying any thing for the fame M. Musters J White W. BiLBIE W". KiRKE H. Sherbrooke Geo. Mason. Having reviewed the above Table of Fees I do hereby confirm the fame. Witnefs my hand the 26th day of March 1760 H. BATHURST. John Hurst Deputy Clerk of the Peace. Nottinghamjhire. A Table of the fevcral gifts legacies and X~\. bequestst— for the benefit— of poor Prifoners in the common Gaol of this County as fettled by us his Majefly's Juftices of the Peace— this i8th day of Jan. 1760. Purfuant to the late A(5t of Parliament and according to the beft information we can get, as follows. Jy John Sherivin Efq. of Nottingham, the yearly Sum of Four Pounds, paid quarterly out of an Ertate iXBramfcote, in this County, purchafed by Mr. Sker- ivitt's Father of fome of ine Defcendants of Henry HandUy Efq. who left this Charity. By Midland Circuit. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. By Abel Smith Efq. of Nottingham, purfuant to the direftions of the Will of Mr. Abel Ceilings deceafed, four fhillings monthly for Coals for the Prifoners. We are informed that forty flullings a year, was formerly left by fome of the fa- mily of fla/<-/&/V»/o« Efquire. But that the Prifoners have not received the fame thefe twenty years paft. We do not know of any other Gifts, Legacies, or Bequefls, except the General Colleftion made in the County for the Prifoners every Chrillmas. We order this Table to be tranfmitted to the Deputy Clerk of the Peace for this County, to be entered among the Rolls of the Seffions, and Copies thereof to be made and hung up by him in the refpeftive Courts, where the General Quarter Seffions are held — there to remain and be infpefted. -— And alfo to caufe another Copyr— to be traftfrnitted to the Keeper of the faid Gaol to be forthwith hung up by him there, in fome public place, and in a confpicuous manner, — fo as the Prifoners may have free refort thereto, at all feafonable times in the day time, without paying any thing for the fame. 191 M. Musters W. BiLBIE H. Sherbrooke A. C. Stanhope J. White W". KiRKE Geo. Mason. A true Copy examined with the Original by me John Hurst. P p 2 NOTTING- 292 NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. Midland Circuit. NOTTINGHAM TOWN and COUNTY GAOL. GAOLER, Richard Bonington, the County Gaoler. Salary, ^^8. Fees, Debtors, ;^o : 8:0 if under ^^ 10. o : 14 : 8 if from any Court in Z,fl«^o«. Felons, o : 14 : 8. Tranfports, li : 17 : 6 each. Licence, fee County Gaol. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtor9, none. (See Remarks.) Felons, three-halfpence in bread, a day. Garnifh, lately prohibited. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1773, Nov. 17, 5 - - 2, I775> Jan- 4. 3 " " C)> Nov. 12, 5 - - a> 1776, Sep. 25, o - - o. CHAPLAIN, None. SURGEON, None ftated. The Mayor orders one when wanted. Remarks. THIS GAOL has been lately repaired and much improved. Three roonas on the ground-floor, two chambers, and two garrets : a back-court well fupplied with water. Debtors have from a Legacy one Midland Circuit. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. 29.3 one fhilling a week for coals. Collefted in the Town for Prifoners the laft two years ;^8. NOTTINGHAM TOWN BRIDEWELL. Two rooms : no fire-place : a dungeon down nine fteps. No court-yard, although there is ground before and behind the houfe. No fewer. Water in a kitchen, where there is a bed for Prifoners who can pay two-pence a night. Keeper's Salary ^8. 1776, Sep. 25, Prifoners none. COUNTY BRIDEWELL at SOUTHWELL. This is alfo ufed as a Prifon for thofe Manors in this County which belong to the Archbifliop of Tork. In front is a room on the ground-floor, in which were two men : one of them fentenced for three years, the other for feven : — and a dungeon about fourteen feet fquare, down ten fteps. The date on this part is 1656. — In the back-coutt is a new building with two rooms on the ground-floor, and two above : one of the latter is an Infirmary. No pump in this court: no fewer: Claufes of Aft againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. — Apothecary Mr. Richard/on ; he makes a bill. — Allowance three-halfpennyworth of bread. A three- penny loaf weighed ilb. 5^oz. at my firft vifit; at my laft 2 lb. — No employment. — Keeper's Salary ^^45 : Fees 3 s. 6d. no Table. He informed me that a few years ago, feven died here of the Gaol-Fever within two years. ^77 5' J^ri- 4> Prifoners 9, 1776, Sep. 24, - - 13. NEWARK 294 NOTTINGHAMSHIRE. Midland Circuit. NEWARK UPON Tren^t TOWN GAOL. Two rooms ; the largeft, up ftairs, twelve feet by eleven. No court-yard : no water : no fewer. Keeper lives at a little diftance : no Salary : Fees four fhillings : no Table. Allowance three-half- pence a day : no ftraw. Among the various Improvements that are making in this Town, I hope the Corporation will think of a better Prifon. 1776, Sep. 23, Prifoners 2. BASFORD PRISON, for debtors. This is his Majefly's Gaol or Prifon of the Court of Record of his Honour oi Peverel and additional Limits of the fame in the Counties of Nottingham and Derby. One room with three beds. The Keeper faid he had another little room for Women-prifoners j but that, having now none of that fex, he made ufe of it for his fervants. The Houfe is his Freehold, Fees 13s. 4d. by a Court-roll. — The Debts from forty fliillings to fifty pounds. 1776, Sep. 24, Prifoners 3. COUNTY Midland Circuit. LINCOLNSHIRE. 295 COUNTY GAOL, LINCOLN CASTLE. GAOLER, JJaac Wood. Salary, none. But j^ 154 a year to fupply Prifoners as below j and to pay Land-tax &c. (See Remarks.) Fees, Debtors, IS, J Felons, Tranfports, j^8 : 8 : o for each: and 12 s. ^.d. fee TaMe of Fees, He pays the Clerk of AfTize a guinea for each. Licence for Beer : which the Gaoler brews. He lets the Tap, PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, if certified as in Remarks, fame as Felons. Felons, each weekly 81b. bread, and 2d. for beef: in common yearly £2, for coals : ;^2> ftraw : and £2, oatmeal. Garnifh, ^^o : 2:6. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. i774> Jan. 27, 22 - - 11, — oa. 29, 14 - - 9, 1776, Jan. 31, 23 - - 18, Sep. 23, 12 - - 3. CHAPLAINS, Rev. Mr. Simp/on; and Dr. fFaldgrave hy his Curate the Rev. Mr. Welling. Duty — Mr. Simp/on'^ tdntiday andFridayj Mr. Welling Sunday. Salary, Mr. Simpjon £^ &c. fee Remarks; Dr. Waldgrave about £2S P^^ Legacy of Rebecca HuJJey. SURGEON, Mr. Parnall. Salary, ;{2o. LINCOLN 296 LINCOLNSHIRE. Midland-Circuit. LINCOLN CASTLE Remarks. BELONGS to the Duchy oC Laac^Jler. The County pays ten lliillings a year. The Gaoler, per contract, to keep it in repair. — A fpacious Area of fix or feven acres. On the ground-floor are the Gaoler's apartments, the Tap-room &c. For Mafler's-fide Debtors, fix fizeable rooms on the firfl: (lory ; and as many garrets. The floors of both flories are tarras, and can- not be kept clean ; the paflages only fix feet wide, with windows clofe glazed. The free ward for Debtors is only a room at the end of the build- ing, down two fl:eps. It is paved with fmall ftones, and is a thorough- fare to fundry places. Firft, by a trap-door in the faid pavement you go down ten fteps to two vaulted dungeons for Criminals, eight feet high; one, the Pit, fourteen feet by twenty-one, window two feet by fourteen inches ; the other, within it, the Condemned Cell, fourteen feet by eight j window about nine inches by eighteen : a little fhort fliraw on the floors : both dungeons dirty and offenfive. — You alfo pafs through it to the Women-felons ward which joins to it and is eleven feet by eight : — and to the Felons fmall court-yard, and their fizeable day-room, fifteen feet by nineteen : no water : no fewer : — and to a room for the clofer confinement of Debtors who do not behave well. There are two rooms with beds for Felons who can pay for them. To thefe you go another way. No Chapel : Service is performed in the Shire-Hall. No Infir- mary. — The whole Prifon is out of repair. — Perhaps becaufe the County defigns to build a new one. Mr. Midland Circuit-. LINCOLNSHIRE. 297 Mr. Wood, befides the fore-mentioned articles of his contract, is to furnifh his Prifoners with pails, and other utenfils, to amount' of £2 a. year ; and to pay yearly to Prifoners in the King's Bench and Marjhaljea, two guineas j all out of his £ 1 54. In order to a Debtor's being admitted to County Allowance, it is required that he produce a Certificate of his poverty figned by the Minifter, Churchwardens and Overfeers of his Parifh. Mr. Simpson's Salary ^5 is from a Legacy of 'Thomas Hazledine; and for attending condemned Criminals he has five guineas from the Sheriff. Rebecca Hussey by her Will, proved in London lOth May 17 15, bequeathed the Intereft of ;^ 1000 to releafe poor Debtors from this Caftle : but no Debtors have received the benefit for many years paft. — tho'inas Hazledine left to the Prifoners ^^j a year payable from the Rent of a Houfe in Lincoln. — There is not in the Gaol any Memorial of Bequefts. On a Tomb-flone in the Cathedral, is an Infcription, noting that Clement Wood interred there, was thirty-three years Gaoler of the Caftle, and of the City Gaol. A TABLE of FEES to be taken by the Gaoler or Keeper of the Gaol for the County oi Lincoln — and rules for government— fettled purfuant to a late Aft for Relief of Debtors &c. C- S. D. Every Prifoner fhall pay to the Gaoler at his lirft coming "j) -68 into Gaol fix fhillings and eight-pence — J Q^q Every 298 LINCOLNSHIRE. Midland Circuit. L- s. zx Every Prifoner that will lodge in any chamber in the houfe -j ftiall pay to the Gaoler for his bed weekly — 5 If he will have the whole bed to himfelf, to pay weekly o : 2:6 But if two or more Debtors lie in the fame bed then to be 7 _ . . c ^ o : 2:0 paid amongft them weekly — — j And that the four chambers on the firft floor fhall be held and kept for fuch only as board in the houfe. Every Prifoner for Debt to pay but one Fee to the Gaoler* for his difcharge out of the Prifon though he Hands ( committed in feveral aflions, and the Fee to be no more ( than fix (hillings and eight-pence — — To the Turnkey on the faid difcharge, one fhilling — Every Felon to pay to the Gaoler upon his Difcharge out of 7 Prifon thirteen ihillings and four-pence — 3 To the Turnkey on the faid difcharge, one Ihilling — The Gaoler having the care of the Felons condemned for • Tranfportation, fometimes three months, fometimes fix months, and often longer, to be paid for each Felon ^0:13 by the Treafurer out of the County-money when he is taken out of Gaol thirteen (hillings and four-pence Every Prifoner committed from the Bar, by the Judge of-j A(rize or Selfions to pay to the Gaoler for his Difcharge > o : 13 : 4 thirteen (hillings and four-pence — — J Every Prifoner that will eat at the firft table to pay five-v (hillings a week to the Gaoler for his lodging and diet f' o : S • ^ having three meals a day — — J If he cats at the fecond table then he (hall pay but four) ?o:4:o Ihillings a week for his diet and lodging — J Every Debtor that lies in the common Grate may provide himfelf with a bed, bedding and (heets and purfuant to the Aft have nece(rarics of life from any place— between fix in the morning and fix at night from Lady-day to Michaclmas---between eight and four from Michaelmas to Lady-day--- no more than one quart of Ale a day — brought in to one Prifoner, to pre- vent dillurbance &C.- Every Midland Circuit. LINCOLNSHIRE. 299 Every Debtor— whom two Juftices— adjudge neceffitous*-— and every Felon Ihall have 8 lb. weight of wholefome houfehold bread, and f i lb. weight of beef delivered to them weekly. Every Debtor Ihall quietly— go to his chamber, between Lady-day and Mi- chaelmas at nine in the evening— and between Michaelmas and Lady-day at eight and no later ; whofoever fhall refnfe— (hall on proof be deprived of his beef and bread by a Juftice for a time at difcretion. If any Gaoler, Turnkey or other Officer, oranyPrifoner-— require any— -money from a new-come Prifoner— either for garnifli money, chamber-money- - cards — feeing Lufey Tower — or any other account whatfoever. Shall— if a Pri- foner lofe his allowance for a time at the difcretion of a Juftice— if the Gaoler Sec. be punilhed as an extortioner according to Law. If the Gaoler or any of his fub-officers fliall at any time from hence think it fafe to take off any Felon's Irons, if a common Felon he Ihall pay the fum of two fhillings and fix-pence a week and no more— If a Gentleman or better fort of Criminal then he ihall take the fum of five fhillings /fr week and no more J. Any perfon removed by Habeas Corpus to pay the fame Fees 'as other Prifoners when difcliarged. A Prifoner making water— fo as to annoy— or walhing hands in the bucket- to lofe his allowance for a time &c. We his Majefty's Juftlces of the Peace for the divifion o? Lindfey in the County of Lincoln. Affembled— at Sfiljby have examined the above Table of Fees with the Rules and Orders— and do allow and confirm the fame — the 12th day of April 1768 Ric Wright W". Massingberd W Marshall H: Best. Ed Wills * See Remarks preceding. •\ Inftead of this they have two-pence. J This Order being fomewhat fingular I have tranfcribed it verbatim. Qjl 2 Wb 300 LINCOLNSHIRE. Midland Circuit. We his Majefly's Jufticcs— -for the divifionof A'^^i^d?;— aflembled —at Sleaford—d.0 allow and confirm the fame — 13th April 1768 John Thorald Ded Jones RoE"^ . BuRNE Leo: Brown. We his Majefty's Juftices— -for the Divifion of //o//fl«fi?— aflembled —at Bojion—do allow and confirm the fame— 14th July 1768 We the Judges of Aflize for the County of LitKoln have reviewed the above Table of Fees with the Rules and Orders therein contained, and do hereby confirm the fame. Witnefs our hands this 25 th day of July 1768 T. PARKER • E. CLIVE. Ri Falkner H. B. Pacey Ri Fydell J Linton Jutf J Calthorp. COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. GAINSBOROUGH. Three rooms: a fmall yard: no water : no flraw : no allowance : no work. Conveyance to Quarter SelTions at Keeper's expence. Flis Salary ^30. No Fees. — Might be improved on the Keeper's garden. 1776, Jan. 30,. Priforiers 3. FOKINGHAM. Midland Circuit. LINCOLNSHIRE. 301 FOKINGHAM. Damp rooms: no chimney :' fmall yard: no pump : no fewer. Yet the Keeper faid a woman with a child at her breaft was fent hither for a year and a day: the child died. Conveyance to Quarter SelTions at Keeper's expence. 1774, Oct. 28, Prifoners 4. SPALDING. This Prifon, lately built, has feveral fizeable airy rooms thirteen feet by ten : chimneys in fome of them. A work-room twenty-eight feet by nine and tliree-quarters. The under-rooms vaulted, twelve feet and a half by nine and a half No yard : no water acceffible to Prifoners. When they work they have three-fourths of the profit ; Turnkey, the remainder. Claufes of Ail againft Spirituous Liquors hung up : — as alfo is the late Afl for preferving the Health of Prifoners; neatly painted on a fmall board. — Keeper's Salary £2^: Fees 5 s. no Table. — He told me that in the laft fix years he had 236 Prifoners. 1776, Feb. 2, Prifoners 4. STAMFORD TOWN GAOL. The Gate which was the old Prifon and Town-Hall is taken down. The only room now made ufe of is in the Gaoler's houfe, which joined to the gate.— There is a new Prifon building behind the new Town-Hall. The part of it that is finifhed has— two cells, about twelve feet by eight : the window in each only two feet by four inches and a half; — and a Bridewell-room fixteen feet by eight feet three inches : the window here alfo too fmall, two feet by one foot eight inches. Allowance J02 LINCOLNSHIRE. Midland Circuit. Allowance to Felons two-pence a day. Salary as Gaoler £^ : as Keeper ^3:6:8: Fees, fee 'Table ; which, though not figned, I tranfcribe for the fingularity of an article or two. Debtors. Felons &c. 1776, Feb. 10, o - - 1. ---- Sep. 26, o - - 2. The Town or Boroughs A TABLE of FEES fettled &c. — of Stamford in the I £\^ at the Quarter Seffions held by County of Lincoln. J Adjournment 28th Auguft 1729 &c. £. s. D. For every Arreft upon Bail — — o : 10 r o For waiting for Bail one Ihilling per hour Bail Fees to the Gaol — — — 0:6:0 For diet each day, if not find themfelves — — 0:1:0 For lodging each night, if not find themfelves — 0:0:4 If they find themfelves bedding, then for cleaning the") room each week — — — J I : O For Felons &c. that lie on the Common-fide, For Gaoler's Fees for the Gaol — — o : i o : o To the Smith ironing and taking ofi^ — — 0:2:0 Lodging for each night — — — 0:0:2 To the perfon who executes fentence of pillory, burn- l 1 • o ing in the hand, or whipping — J To the Keeper of the Houfe of Correftion for every perfon ? n • 6 that is committed for the firft night — ■* Every day that perfon continues in cuilody for attendance o : 0:1 LINCOLN Midland Circuit. LINCOLNSHIRE. 303 LINCOLN CITY AND COUNTY GAOL. GAOLER, Francis Toyn. Salary, £10. l-ees, Debtors, t . . Felons, 5 6 : 8. Tranfports, j^io each. Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. Felons, one fhilling 2 I week. Garnifli, one fhilling. Number of - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Jan. 27, 3 - - 2, 1776, Jan. 31, - - I. Sep. 23, - - 2. CHAPLAIN, None. SURGEON, None. THIS GAOL, near the Gate, has one large room for Men- Remarks, debtors, one fmaller for Women, both up flairs : in each a fire-place. The rooms for Criminals are two dungeons down three fteps ; with bedfteads j that they may not fleep on the damp earth-floor. In one of 304 LINCOLNSHIRE. Midland Circuit. of them is a cage for clofer confinement when neceflary. Thefe Prlfoners are fometimes taken into the Keeper's houfe. No court- yard : no water acceflible to Prifoners. No ftraw. City of Lincoln andl q- ^ ■, A Table of— rates and fees County of the fame City, \ JTlL. — fettled by the Juftices— at a General Quarter Seflions— held at the Guild-Hall — within the firft whole week next after the Tranflation of St. Thomas the Martyr to wit, on the 14th day of July in the 33d — of George II — 1759 purfuant to — an Aft for Relief of Debtors &c. C S. D. Every Debtor that lies In a bed belonging to the Keeper i is to pay one Ihilling weekly and no more Any Debtor that finds a bed and places it in the Common 1 Room' is to pay nothing for his lodging — J Every Prifoner for Debt is to pay one Fee to the Keeper~j for his Difcharge out of Prifon thgugh he (lands com- I mitted in feveral Aftions and that Fee no more than . fix (hillings and eight-pence — — J Every Felon is to pay to the Gaoler for his Difcharge out i of Prifon (ix (hillings and eight-pence and no more J If not continued in Prifon above a week then to pay only 7 three (hillings and four-pence 3 Every Prifoner that will cat with the Gaoler is to pay for" his lodging and diet weekly four (hillings and fix-pence }- o : 4 : 6 having three meals a day — ix-pence > Every Midland Circuit. LINCOLNSHIRE. Every Prifoner committed from the Bar by the Judge of" Aflize or Seffions is to pay the Gaoler for hi: three Ihillings and four pence and no more the Judge of] ^isDifcharge > : — J £. S. D. 305 Rob. Obbinson Mayor Jn°- Hooton RoB^' Thickston Jn"' Davies Ger. Gibson Ew"- FOWLIR John Wilson Edw°- Letherland- RoB^- Drewry John Brown Brox"' Brown We the Judges of Aflize for the City o^ Lincoln and County of the fame City have reviewed this Table of Fees and do hereby- confirm the fame, Given under our Hands this 9th day of Auguft 1759 T PARKER JA HEWITT Examined by Josr. Peart Clerk of the Peace Rr COUNTY 3o6 RUTLANDSHIRE. Midland Circuit. COUNTY GAOL at OAKHAM. GAOLER, JFilUatn Lumley, now Henry Lumley, Salaiy, none. Fees, Debtors, .rs, 1 ^^ s, 3 ^ ^o : 14 : 10. Felons, Tranfports, ^{^lo each. Licence, for Beer. PRLSONERS, Allowance, Debtors, ? ^ r 1 1 ' ' V two fixpenny loaves a week. Felons, J Garnifh, one fhilling. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Jan. 23, o - - o, 177 5> '^ov. 10, . I - - 2, 1776, Sep. 26, o - - o. CHAPLAIN, None. SURGEON, Mr. Bullivant, Salary, jC5 : 5 : o. OAKHAM. Midland Circuit. RUTLANDSHIRE, 307 OAKHAM. THIS is alfo the county bridewell and the town gaol; yet I Remarks, found it twice empty. On the ground-floor is a day-room or kitchen for Debtors : — a day-room, and two fmall night-rooms for Felons ; one of which being very fmall and quite clofe, the Gaoler has made apertures in the door, one at top, the other at bottom : — and a large work-room. Up flairs are two rooms flrongly planked with oak : in each of them are two beds. The Felons court-yard is lately parted off with ftrong wooden palifades ; which intercepting the pump, the Juftices have been fo Confiderate as to put down another pump in the Felons court. They have alfo ordered the Gaoler to provide fome cloathing for the moft deftitute Prifoners. His Salary as Keeper of the Bridewell is ;^20. No Table of Fees. The prefent Gaoler's Father, Grandfather and Great Grandfather held the fame office. Rr2 COUNTY joS NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. Midland Circuit. COUNTY GAOL at NORTHAMPTON. GAOLER, John Scofield, Salary, none : he pays the County ^^40 a year. Fees, Debtors, ? /• . Felons, ^ Tranfports, lit^o {j eachj if more ^^6 : 16 : 6 each. Licence, for Beer and Wine. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. Felons, two-pennyworth of bread a day (weight Jan.i']i^y lib. i^oz.J. Garnifli, Debtors, ;^o : 6 : o. Felons, 0:2:6. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 177 J, Nov. 15, - 9 - - 8, 1774, April 5, - 6 - - 4, 1775, Jan. 2, - 8 - - 7, 1776, Jan. 5, - 7 - - 12. CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Miller. Duty — Sunday, Tuefday, Thurfday. Salary, £^0. SURGEON, Mr. Kerr, T Salary, none. APOTHECARY, Mr. Breton. S '^^^V '^^^^ ^ ^'"• NORTHAMP- Midland Circuit. NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 309 NORTHAMPTON. THIS GAOL is alfo the county bridewell j but Petty Remarks. Offenders are kept feparate from Felons. Mr. Scofield has a Salary of ^36 : 10 : o as Keeper. Two court-yards ; but that for Felons is too clofe. No ftraw. The County have lately built feven commo- dious rooms, for one Felpn each : yet there is ftill a dungeon eleven fteps under ground, which might have been dilufed if they had doubled the number of the new rooms. There is ground enough in the Keeper's yard or garden. The Chapel is the upper room in the Gaoler's houfe. — It is pain- ful for Prifoners loaded with irons to go up and down the flairs. No Table of Fees. NORTHAMPTON TOWN GAOL. No yard : no water — So the Prifoners told me at the large grate, where I could fee the room j into which, for that reafon, I happened not to go. — I mention this circumftance becaufe it occurred no where elfe. 1776, Jan. 5, Prifoners 2. DAVENTRY GAOL. Close rooms. No yard: no water. 1776, Jan. 5, No Prifoners. PETER- 310 NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. Midland Circuit. PETERBOROUGH GAOL, For the Liberty called the Soke, which contains thirty-two towns, is the property of Lord Exeter. It is now alfo the Prifon of the Dean and Chapter of the Cathedral Church of the Borough of St. Peter otherwife Peterborough. Two rooms for Debtors, and down three fteps a room called the Gaol J in which is the condemned room : the Court having power of life and death. A jMalefaftor was executed here about two years ago. No allowance. Keeper's Salary ^ 1 2 : Fees 7 s. 8 d. the Table neither figned nor dated. He pays Window-tax j^i : 5 : 6. 1774, 0(5t. 28, Debtors 2, 1776, Sep. 26, - - 3> Deferter i. PETERBOROUGH BRIDEWELL, For the Soke, as above, has on the ground-floor a large work- fliop, and a room lately divided into a. part for men, and another for women. — Up flairs, two rooms or hemp-warchoufes : the Keeper a hemp-drefler. A very fmall court-yard j not fecure : Prifoners always within doors. No water. Keeper's • Salary ^^ 8 : Fees js. 6d. no Table. 1774, 0(fl. 28, Prilbner j, 1776, Sep. 26, - - 1. COUNTY Oxford Circuit. BERKSHIRE. . 311 COUNTY GAOL at READING. GAOLER, The Widow Wifeman, now John Hill Salary, £10. Fees, Debtors, ^o : 16 : 10, Felons, o : 14 : 4. Tranfports, £2:1:0 each. Licence, for Beer and Wine. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. Felons, three-pence a day each. Garnifh, Debtors, jTo : 5 : 6, Felons, 0:2:6. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1773, Dec. II, II - - II, I774> July 29, 10 - - 6, 1776, Jan. I, 9 - - 15, Nov. I, 3.-8. CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. B^ebfier. Duty — Sunday and Wednefday. Salary, ^^31 : 10 : o. SURGEON, Mr. rylleard. Salary, ^^lo for Gaol and Bridewell. DEBTORS and Felons have their court-yards feparated by iron Remarks. rails. — The former have a kitchen : and for the Mafter's-fide many rooms i 312 BERKSHIRE. Oxford Circuit. READING, rooms; but no free ward. — Felons have a day-room for men and women. The night-room for men is a large dungeon down four fteps : the Prifoners broke out lately. A feparate night-room for women. — The Turnkey has now a lodging-room, over the Felons dungeon, with an alarm bell : fo that an efcape will be more difficult. There is lately fitted up a fmall room for an Infirmary ; and another room or two : but no provifion made for feparating Men-felons at night ; nor for Common-fide Debtors. There is a room ufed for the Gaoler's poultry. — Tranfports have not the King's allowance of two {hillings and fix-pence a week. No Table of Fees. Claufes of Aft againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. No ftraw. About fix years ago a Gentleman fent to this Gaol for the Prifon- ers thirty-fix rugs or coverlids : moft of them now worn out. When Felons come to this Prifon, they are ftripped and waflied ; and then they put on cloaths provided by the County. The men have a Ruflia-drab coat and breeches, a flannel waiftcoat, two check fhirts, and two pair of yarn hofe. The women, a Ijnfey woolfey gown and petticoat, a flannel petticoat, two dowlafs fliifts, two pair of yarn hofe. Their own cloaths are ticketed and hung up till the Quarter Sefllons or Aflizes; when they put them on again to appear in on trial. Afterwards the County-cloaths are waflied, mended, and purified in an oven, for the ufe of future Criminals. The cloathing aforefaid for twenty men and five women cofl: only ^16 : 6 : ^. The following Verfes arc written over the Debtor's grate to the ftreet : Oh Ye whofe hours exempt from Sorrow flow. Behold the fent of Pain and Want and Woe : Think, while your h o : 13 : 4 Mifdemeanour j or committed in Court — -J To the Under-keeper — — — 0:2:6 To the Mafter-keeper for receiving and entering every De-f claration againft any Debtor — — j To his Certificate that no Declaration filed — 0:1:0 For a Copy of every Sheriff's Warrant — 0:1:0 For a Copy of every other Warrant — — 0:1:6 Every Prifoner that lyeth in the great Chamber on the Gaol ") fide in the Keeper's Lodgings pays by the week j Every Prifoner that lyeth in any other Room or Chamber in theKeeper'sLodgings on the Gaol fidepayeth by the week Every Prifoner that lyeth in the Great Room in the Tower") upon his own bed payeth by the week — j Every Prifoner that lyeth in the faid Great Room on the Keeper's bed payeth by the week — — 2 : o 2 : 6 I : 6 I : 8 We— his Majefty's Juftices of the Peace of the— County of Oxford (whereof fome of us are of the Quorum) have perufed the Fees and Chamber Rent above mentioned and do— allow- thereof and direft the fame to be hung up in a Table in fome open and public room or place in the faid Caille there to remain and be reforted to by every Prifoner as occafion fliall require. Thomas Blackall Ed"- Turner Tho'" Pardo Anthony Keck Theophilus Leigh Tho^- Hunt W"' Lenthal. COUNTY Oxford Circuit. OXFORDSHIRE, 319 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. THAME. I WAS informed that this Houfe, built in 1708, was given to the County for a Bridewell : but the greateft part of it is now a Parifli Work-houfe. For the Prifon there is only left, up flairs, a common day-room, and a fmall infecure lodging-room : and down eleven fbeps a dungeon in which are two night-rooms, the Cul>s, each nine feet by feven. — If the Houfe was put into good repair, and the whole ufed as a^ Bridewell, it would be a comanodious one. Then there would be no need of fending Petty Offenders, as is now done, to the County Gaol : nor of locking up all day long within doors thofe few that are committed hither, men and women in the fame room : nor of confining either fex at night in the Ctiis. No allowance : no employment : no water : no fewers. Keep- er's Salaiy ^16 : Fees 4s. 6d. no Table. The Keeper now farms the Work-hoirfe and the refl of the poor at £4-80 a year for the whole maintenance, cloathing, medicines &c. 1776, Jan. 3, Prifoners 2, Nov. 2, - - - 3- WITNEY. One day-room about feventeen feet by fifteen for men and women : two night-rooms adjoining about nine feet by feven ; 320 OXFORDSHIRE. Oxford Circuit. WITNEY feven ; with only a grate of about nine inches fquare in each ^ ' ^" door. The Prifon is not fecure. No allowance but to the WELL. fick, who have fix-pence a day and medicines. No ftraw : no water. Keeper's Salary ^^20 : Fees 4s. 2d. no Table. The Houfe does not belong to the County : it is in the court-yard of the Keeper's public houfe, for which he pays jfij : 7 : o a year. Prifoners have no ufe of the court-yard ; but their window is accefTible to paflengers. I faw a crowd of men talking at the grate with the Prifoners, who were all of them women j and was informed there is fometimes riot and confufion on fuch occafions. To this Prifon were committed. In the year 1773, Prifoners 49, i774> - - 44> i77S> - - 73. To 0£b. 31, 1776, - - 67. The moft at any one time i3. When I was there in 1776, Oft. 31, Prifoners 6. I COUNTY Oxford Circuit. WORCESTERSHIRE. 321 COUNTY GAOL, WORCESTER CASTLE. GAOLER, William Crane, now his Widow. Salary, none. Fees, Debtors, ^^o : 9 : 2, Felons, o : 15 : 10. Tranfports, No Benefit to the Gaoler. Clerk of Peace contrafts with the Merchants. Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. Felons, three-pennyworth of bread a day, each. Garnifh, j^o : 2 : 6. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1773, Nov. 23, 15 - - 17, 1774, July 2, 13 - _ 12, 1775, Dec. I, 25 - - 17, 1776, Sep. 10, 9 - - 10. CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. ^^j/or. Duty — Friday. Salary, ;^ao. SURGEON, Mr. Hallward. Salary, none : he makes a Bill. Tt WORCESTER 322 WORCESTERSHIRE. Oxford Circuit. WORCESTER. Remarks, THE CASTLE-YARD is fpacious : County Members are chofen in it. In the Gaoler's houfe are many good lodging-rooms for Mafter's-fide Debtors ; and two fmall day-rooms : one of thefe is ufed as a Chapel. — The free ward, or night-room for Debtors, is at another part of the yard. You go to it through the Women- felons night-room. The day-room for Men and Women-felons is in the middle of the area j only fourteen feet by twelve. Near it is a Hand-Ventilator for airing the Men-felons dungeon, which is twenty- fix fteps under ground, and circular, about feventeen feet diameter, with barrack-bedfleads. Over it is an aperture in the yard, with an iron grate. The Felons work the Ventilator cheerfully about a quarter of an hour before they go down, and as long when they come up ; for it frelliens and cools the dungeon amazingly : we could hardly keep oih- candle burning below while it was working. — Excellent water at a pump in the yard. Straw £jf a year. — No Iniirmaiy. Mr. Haliward the Surgeon caught the Gaol-Fever Ibme years ago, and has ever fince been fearful of going into the dun- geon : when any Felon is fick there, lie orders him to be brought out. — The Gaoler pays near £^ Window-tax. — Claufes of Aft agaioll Spirituous Liquors not hung up. This Prifon may be made commodious by feparate wards, yards &c. There is round it much ground belonging to the Countv. County Oxford Circuit. WORCESTERSHIRE. 323 County of Worcejler. A TABLE of FEES to be taken by the XJL Gaoler of the faid County purfuant to a Statute made in the fecond year of his Majefly King George the Second. For the difcharge of every Debtor, to the Gaoler — To the Turnkey — — — For the difcharge of every Felon, to the Gaoler — To the Turnkey — — — For the Difcharge of every Deferter, to the Gaoler — To the Turnkey — — — For the lodging of every Prifoner in the houfe/f/- week For figning every Certificate — — Allowed according to the faid Statute by us £■ s. D. : 6 : 8 : 2 : 6 : 13 : 4 : 2 : 6 : 6 : 8 : 2 : 6 : 2 ; : 6 : I : ; J SOLEY W Bromley Fre Me^ 'SEY, COUNTY BRIDEWELL at WORCESTER. This Prifon joins to the Caftle. It is too clofe j elpecially the men's night-room ; which, though up ftairs, has no window. Here are work-rooms j and I faw the Prifoners employed, beating hemp, fpinning &c. — Two fmall Court-yards. Thefe and the Houfe might be enlarged on the County ground. — Keeper's Salary £io : Fees IS. 4d. Straw fifteen Ihillings a quarter: no other allowance. If there were a Chapel in the County Gaol (the Caftle), thefe Prifoners might (as thofe in Shrewfbury Bridewell) have the privi- lege of Public Worlhip. 1775, Dec. I, Prifoners 3, 1776, Sep. 10, - - - 18. Tt2 WORCESTER 324 WORCESTERSHIRE. Oxford Circuit. WORCESTER CITY and COUNTY GAOL. GAOLER, Richard George. Salary, none. Fees,^ Debtors, £o : ^ : 2, Felons, 0:5:0. Tranfports, No Benefit to the Gaolen Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. Felons, three pence a day each. Garnifh, £0:2:6. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1773, Nov. 23, 4 - - 5» 1775, Dec. I, 5 - - o, 1776, Sep. 10, 4 - - o. CHAPLAIN, None. SURGEON, Mr. Hallward. Salary, none : he makes a Bill. I WORCESTER Oxford Circuit. WORCESTRRSHIRE, 32; WORCESTER CITY GAOL. THIS is alfo the City Bridewell. The Debtors free ward is Remarks. fpacious. — One common yard '. another might be taken from the Keeper's large garden. — He pays Window-tax; which he faid brought him under the difagreeable neceffity of flopping up fome windows. Rate £3 '■ S '■ '^' City of Worcefter. A TABLE of FEES to be taken by the XjL. Gaoler of the faid City purfuant to a Statute made in the thirty fecond year of the reign of his late Majefty King George the Second. For the Difcharge of every Debtor to the Gaoler and Turnkey o The like of every Felon — — — o For the Lodging of every Prifoner in the Houfe per week o For the Copy of every Commitment — — o On the Delivery of every Declaration — — o Allowed according to the faid Statute by us Epiphany Seffions 177 1 g^w Willings Mayor W Haden s. D. 9 : : 2 5 • : 2 : 6 I : I : ; Tho Giles Tim'' Edwards At the Lent Affize 1771 Allowed by us E. WILLES W; H: ASHURST. COUNTY .26 STAFFORDSHIRE, Oxford Circuit. COUNTY GAOL at STAFFORD. GAOLER, miliam Scott. Salary, none. Fees, Debtors, ^o : 17 : 4, Felons, o : 15 : 10. Tranfports, ^^6:0:0 each. Licence, for Beer and Wine. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, 1 each /«• week 1 6 d. bread, and 8d. Felons, 5 cheefe j and in common 3 Civt. of coals a week from Michaelmas to May-day. Garnifh, Debtors, j^o : 2 : li. Felons, cancelled by the Gaoler. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1773, Nov. 19, 39 - - 2°» 1774, April I, 44 - - 17, 1775, Nov. 15, 40 - - 18. CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Unett. Duty — Sunday, Wednefday, Friday j a Sermon once in about two months. Salary, lately augmented from ^^20 to ^^30. SURGEON, Mr. J-Fard. Salary, none : he makes a Bill. STAFFORD. Oxford Circuit. STAFFORDSHIRE. 327 STAFFORD. THIS GAOL is much too fmall for the number of Prifoners : Remarks. and fo is the Felons Court-yard. The Dungeon where the Men- felons fleep is about two feet lower than the paflage. No fteps, a Hoping defcent. It is too clofe. No Infirmary. An Alarm-bell. It is pity that the Stream juft on the outfide of the Walls is not within them. I was pleafed to fee plenty of dean straw in the Dungeon ; and found it was owing to the generous and exemplary practice of not farming it, but allowing the Gaoler to order it whenever wanted, and the County paying for it themselves. A TABLE OF FEES— fettled at the General Quarter Seffions- 18th day of April 1732. £. S. D. For entering the A£lion whereon each Prifoner is firfl. 13 brouglit into cuftody e\lher on Proce/s Capias Latitatei Execution or Writ of Excom ad Cafiendum and difcharg- j ing each Prifoner by Writ of Super/edeas or otherwife For receiving and entering every Declaration delivered ' againfl; Prifoners to be paid by the Plaintiff in fuch Aaion — — — For a Certificate for want of a Declaration in order to fue -i / o : 3:6 out a Writ of Super/edeas — J For a Copy of each Warrant againft each. Prifoner o : i : 6 For the Under Keeper or Turnkey upon every Aftion or Writ o : 2:6 For the Under Keeper or Turnkey upon difcharging of each i Prifoner by Super/edeas or otherwife — I I LODGINGS. 328 STAFFORDSHIRE. Oxford Circuit. LODGINGS. ] Every Prifoiier that lies in the Mafter's-fide of the Gaol in" a bed provided by the Keeper of the Gaol fhall pay per week if a bed to himfelf — — If two Prifoners or more lye together in one bed then 7 between them all — — — •' Every Prifoner that lies in the upper rooms or garret in a T bed and bedding found by the Keeper of the Gaol > o ihall pay per week — — — J And if two Prifoners lie together then — o Evei-y Prifoner that lies in the fame fide and finds his own 1 linnen and bedfteads — — — J Every Prifoner that lies in the County Chamber Ihall pay nothing. — — — o /. S. D. I : o I : 6 o : 6 I We the Judges of AJTize and Gaol Delivery of the Oxford Circuit have perufed and do approve of the above written Table of Fees this 2d day of Auguft y/}if!o Dom. 1732 E Littleton H Wyrly Fish Littleton R. Rider Jn°' Dolphin i E PROBYN J COMYNS COUNTY Oxford Circuit. STAFFORDSHIRE. 329 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. STAFFORD. The Houfe very dirty. Prifoners always fliut up. Keeper's Salary ^^25 : he puts in a Deputy who ferves for Rent, Allowance fame as at the Gaol. No employment. 177 5> Nov. 15, Prifoners 4. WOLVERHAMPTON. Only two rooms about twelve feet fquare, viz. a common day-room on the ground-floor ; and a night-room above, for men : women fleep in the day-room. No court-yard : no water : no fewer : no employment. Weekly allowance in bread, fourteen pence : cheefe, feven pence : ftraw, three pence. Keeper's Salary ^{25 : Fees one fliilling. Claufes of Aft againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. The Prifon is greatly out of repair j and fo infecure that Prifoners, even for the flighteft offences, are kept in irons. The County may redrefs this ; for they have a large garden clofe to the Prifon which they let with an old houfe on the fpot. 1776, Sep. II, Prifoners, 4 'Men. LITCHFIELD CITY GAOL. . The rooms too fmall and clofe. No yard : no water : no ftraw. Might be improved upon the ground behind it. Keeper's Salary ^1 : Fees 13s. 4d, no Table. Allowance is. 6d. a week. i773> Nov. 20, Prifoners 2, 1776, Jan. 8, - - - I. Uu COUNTY 330 SHROPSHIRE. Oxford Circuit. COUNTY GAOL at SHREWSBURY. GAOLER, Samuel Wilding. Salary, none. Fees, Debtors, ^o : 9:0, Felons, o : 14 "• 4- Tranfports, ^6:6:0 each. - ■ Licence, for Beer and Wine. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, two fix-penny loaves a week each. Felons, is. 4d.4:. in bread a week each. Garnifh, lately cancelled. (See Remarks.) Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, March 31, 12 - - 18, J775, Nov. 27, 16 - - 15, 1776, Sep. 12, 1 1 - - 24. (See Remarks.) CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Humphreys, now Rev, Mr. Rowlands. Duty — Sunday and Tuefday. (See Remarks.) Salary, £3$. SURGEON, Mr. Cooper. Salary, none : he makes a Bill. APOTHECARY, Mr, James IVinall. Salary, none : he makes a Bill. SHREWSBURY. i • Oxford Circuit. SHROPSHIRE. 331 SHREWSBURY. SEPARATE Court-yards for Debtors and Felons; but the Remarks. latter have no water. For this reafon, and becaufe their day-room is in the Debtors Court, both Debtors and Felons are commonly together in that Court. — Commodious apartments for Mafter's-fide Debtors : and a large free ward for the Common-fide. — For Felons there are two night-dungeons down eleven fteps : that for men was about four years ago made more airy by an additional window : and it is, or ftiould be, now daily frefhened by a Hand Ventilator which is in the room above. The women's dungeon might alfo be frefhened by the fame. — The day-room for Felons is fmall : men and women together. — The County is now enclofing a Court-yard for the Women j and will probably build them a feparate Day-room. They will no doubt provide Water in this Court j as they fhould alfo in that of the Men-felons. An Infirmary fhould be added : for if the intended improvements will be fome protection againft the Gaol-Fever, which of late years has prevailed here more than once, they will not fecure Prifoners a- gainft the Small-Pox and other difeafes. When the Apothecary finds that a fick Prifoner fhould have better diet, he orders the Gaoler to provide it, and figns his bill for the amount ; which is readily allowed by the Juftices at Quarter SefTions. Of the twenty-four Felons in September lafl, fourteen were Con- victs for Tranfportation. — The County allows Tranfports convifted at Quarter SefTions as much as thofe convifted at AlTize have from the King's allowance, viz, 2s. 6d. a week. U u 2 Mr. Wood, ;32 SHROPSHIRE. Oxford Circuit. SHREWS- Mr. Wood who, before the appointing of a Chaplain, read pray- BURY. gj.g three times a week, and had ^^5 a year, has been employed in the fame fervice ever fince i and has received of the Chaplains the fame falary. — I believe the Magiftrates made the Chaplain's falary ^^5 more, in favour of Mr. Wood. The Juftices of this County, at the General Quarter Seflions 11th Jan. 1774, were fo confiderate and humane, as to prohibit the demanding from Prifoners at their entrance into this Gaol, or into the County Bridewell, any money for drink, by the name of Garnijh^ or any other Name : and to require that two or more fair copies of their faid order fhould be hung up in the moft public places of the Gaol, for the infpeftion of Debtors, as well as Felons ; that the unfortunate might not afterwards be Impofed upon. A TABLE of CHAMBER RENT and FEES-— fettled by Juftices appointed &c. — according to— A(5t of Parliament— and ap- proved—by the Court in the General Quarter Seffions held for the County of Salop. To the Gaoler for lodging and furniture on the Mafter's-fide each perfon having a bed to WimkM per week The CHAMBER RENT for DEBTORS. £• S. D. > o : 2:0 If two lodge in the fame bed then both to pay per week o : 3:0 To the Gaoler for lodging and furniture in the Garrets each 7 , ^ o : 1 : o perlon to pay per week — -^ ■» No perfon Ihall be removed out of the room wherein he is placed by the Gaoler, without his own confcnt, or two JuHices of the Peace ; except in non pay- ment of their weekly fum for chamber rent. That no Debtor, or Debtors, pay any rent or money what- "J foever, for his lodging on the Common-fide provided > o : 0:0 he docs not ufe the Gaoler's bed and furniture - J Fees Oxford Circuit. SHROPSHIRE. 333 Fees to the Gaoler and his Servants for debtors. £. S. D. To Gaoler for Commitment and difcharge of every Debtor o : 7:6 To Gaoler's Clerk for entering in Gaoler's book every 7 charge or charges upon each Debtor — ■' To the Turnkey for the difcharge on every adion upon fuch > _ _ . Debtor — — — j For the Copy of every Sheriff's Warrant if demanded o : 1:0 But the Debtor to have recourfe to fee the book of Commit- ments (if defircd) gratis — — To the Gaoler for every Debtor if charged with more aftions ' than one, to pay at his difcharge (and no more) 'S }° For regiftcring and entering every declaration again ft Prifoner in cuftody — — — For figning every Certificate in order to obtain a Superfedeas, "^ _ , or a rule or order of Court — — 5 Fees for the Gaoler and his Servants for felons. To the Gaoler for difcharge of every Felon committed to be") tried at the Aflizes — — 3 To Gaoler for difcharge of every Felon committed to be "5 tried at the Seffions -— — J To the Turnkey for the difcharge of every Felon — 0:1:0 For a Copy of every Commitment if demanded — 0:1:0 For every Certificate of Commitment in order to fueouta" Habeas Corpus — — — [ To the Gaoler for the difcharge of every perfon committed "^ for want of furety of the peace, mifdemeanor, or any r o : 6:8 other crime not being Felony — — -^ But if continued in Gaol three months or upwards then the"\ fame Fees to be paid by fuch perfons as above for Fe- f o : 8:0 Ions to be tried at Seffions (njiaj — — -' N. B. But if any Prifoner be turned over to the Houfe of Correftion : then to pay the Gaoler's Fees before difcharged, COUNTY 2 : 6 334 SHROPSHIRE. Oxford Circuit. COUNTY BRIDEWELL at SHREWSBURY. Too fmall : only one day-room for men and women. Two night-rooms above for women. In one of them I faw a poor young creature too ill to come down flairs ; fhe was languifhing on the floor in a confumption. The night-room for men is a dungeon down ten fleps. There is a fmall court-yard with water. — By means of a door from this into one of the Gaol Court-yards, thefe Prifoners have a privilege (which few in Bridewells enjoy) of attending Public Worfhip in the Chapel on Sunday. Keeper's Salary ^^50. Fees at Difcharge of a Felon, 8 s. of one guilty of a Mifdemeanor, 6 s. 8d. of a Vagrant, 3 s. 6d. as ^^r Table in the Prifon. — Allowance, bread as Felons in the Gaol. Little or no employment : Keeper has half the profit. The Prohibition of Garnifh, as mentioned in the County Gaol, is not hung up in this Bridewell. 1774, March 31, Prifoners 4, 1775, Nov. 27, - - 5, 1776, Sep. 12, - - II. LUDLOW TOWN GAOL, Built 1764. For Felons &c. two lower rooms vaulted, with chimneys. Two rooms above, more fpacious and airy, for Debtors. 1774, July I, Prifoners, none. COUNTY Oxford Circuit. HEREFORDSHIRE. 335 COUNTY GAOL at HEREFORD. GAOLER, 'Thomas Ireland. Salary, none. Fees, Debtors, 1 ^^ : i^ : 4. Felons, J Tranfports, ;^5 : 10 : o each. Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. (See Remarks.) Felons, a three-penny loaf each, every other day^ Garnifh, £0:2: 6. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Feb, 23, - 14 - - 29, Aug. 9, - II - - I3> 1775, Dec. 2, - 17 - - 4, 1776, Sep. 9, - 8 - - 3. CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Bay lis; now Rev. Mr. Underwood. Duty — Sunday, Wednefday, Friday, and Saints days. Salary, £^0. Twenty of it is a Legacy of William Bridges, Efij, of 'Tiverton in this County. SURGEON, Mr. William Cam, Salary, ^15. HEREFORD. 536 HEREFORDSHIRE. Oxford Circuit. HEREFORD. Remarks. APARTMENTS, and Court-yard for Mafter's-fide Debtors fpacious : but no free ward. Felons night-ward was too clofe, but is lately made airy and commodious : their court behind the Gaol, large. The Chapel very damp. — Claufes of the Aft againft Spiri- tuous Liquors not hung up. — Mr. Ireland, who has been there above forty years, faid he never had a Debtor who obtained the groats. William Bridges, Efq. bequeathed ^^8 a year to poor Prifoners: and on St. Thomas's day one fliilling is given to each Debtor and fix pence to each Felon by Legacy of Sir Thomas White. No Table of Bequefts. The Table of Fees not hung up. TABLE OF FEES. AT the General Quarter SefTions— held— at Hereford— \n the firft week after the Feaft of St. Thomas the Martyr (to wit) the 14th of July in the 4th— of— George II— 1730 Before John Stratford Efq. Edward Goodere Bar^- Herbert Aubrey Richard Hopton Efqrs. &c.— purfuant to an A61 for the Relief of Debtors &:c.— It is Ordered that the feveral— Sums herein after mentioned and no more may be taken.--- (That is to fay) £. S. D. For the Entering of every Aftion or Procefs whereon aT . . ^ Prifoner Ihall or may be charged — — j To the Turnkey or Under Keeper on each Aftion — 0:1:0 For Oxford Circuit. HEREFORDSHIRE. 337 C- For entering of the Difcharge, and for the Difcharge ofj every Prifoner — — To the Turnkey on the Difcharge of every Prifoner For the receiving and entering every Declaration delivered - againll the Prifoners in cuftody — To the Turnkey upon every Declaration For a Certificate for want of a Declaration in order to take" out a Writ of Superfedeas — For a Copy of a Warrant or Commitment againft each -j Prifoner — — — 5 Every Prifoner that lyes in the Keeper's lodgings in the "j Sheriff's Ward in a fingle bed and (heets, by the week 5 For two in a bed with fheets by the week — Every Prifoner that lyes in his own lodgings — For two perfons or more in their own lodgings each ge of^ ivered •« D take") S. D. 0:6:8 o : I : o 0:2:0 0:0:6 0:3:6 0:2:6 o : O : 1 : 6 1 : 6 I : O J Stratford Edw"- Goodere H Aubrey R HoPTOii H Thomas RoG"' Hereford RO. PRICE J. COMYNS The King's Juftices Xx COUNTY 33^ HEREFORDSHIRE. Oxford Circuit. COUNTY BRIDEWELL at HEREFORD, On the Caflle-green, is quite out of repair. Indeed it is not only ruinous but dangerous : a crofs wall is parted a great way from the wall againfl: which it abutted. In the day-room there was a large quantity of water from the roof. No fire-place : ofFenfive fewers : no yard : no water : no dated allowance : no employment. — Keeper's Salary j^io. He told me that a little before I came, a Prifoner died after three weeks confinement. Six Prifoners, whom I faw there at my firfl: vifit, complained of being almoll famifhed. They were fent hither from the Affize a few days before to hard LABOUR (as the fentence ufually runs) for fix months. The Juftices had ordered the Keeper to fupply each of them daily with a, two- penny loaf: but he had negledted them. They broke out foon after. 1774, Aug. 9, Prifoners 6, 1775, Dec. 3, - - - o, 1776, Sep. 9, - - - I. HEREFORD CITY GAOL Is one of the Gates. The Debtors rooms are commodious j and they have a little court-yard. The room for Felons too clofe. Keeper a Widow : the Gaol clean. 1776, Sep. 9, Debtors 3, Felons none. COUNTY Oxford Circuit. MONMOUTHSHIRE. 339 COUNTY GAOL at MONMOUTH. GAOLER, John Daverely now James Baker. Salary, none. j^20 a year to fupply Felons as below. Fees, Debtors, ? ^ > ;^i : o : 10. Felons, 3 Tranfports, £^6 each. Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. Felons, one-pennyworth of bread a day each. Garnifh, ^0:2:6. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Feb. 23, 10 - - 12, Aug. 10, 9 - - 16, 1775, Dec. 4, 5 - - 8, 1776, Sep. 5, 6 - - 9. CHAPLAIN, None. SURGEON, Mr. Powel. Salary, ;^io : 10 : o, lately augmented t0;^i2 : 12:0. Xx2 MONMOUTH. 340 MONMOUTHSHIRE. Oxford Circuit. MONMOUTH. Remarks. ONLY one Court-yard. The rooms for Debtors fmall. Felons night-room at top of the houfe, with only one little window. Be- fides the difficulty of going daily up and down in irons ; when water is to be carried fo high, and tl\e ftaircafe, like this, is narrow and inconvenient, a room is feldom clean and healthy. This cannot be fo if it fliould be crowded. At my firft vifit in 1774 they had the Gaol-Fever, of which J. Daverel and feveral of his Prifoners, and fome of their friends died. — No Infirmary : there is room to build one at the bottom of the yard. The Brewhoufe is very fit for a Felons Day-room ; which is much wanted. After the mortality mentioned above, all the Prifoners were new cloathed by the Duke of Beaufort. John Gabriel a Gardener near the town ufed to fend each Pri- foner eveiy Quarter-day a fix-penny loaf : and at his deceafe he be- queathed the fame Donation. Prifoners do at prefcnt receive it; but there is no Memorial of the Legacy hung up. A TABLE OF DEBTORS FEES as fettled and allowed by the feveral Juftices of the Peace for the County oi Monmouth whofe names are hereunto written the loth Augufl; 1751 : According to the direftion of an A(5l of Parliament intituled &c. £. S. D. Imprimis for entering the Aftion whereon each Prifoner is ~) firll brought into Cuftody either on Procefs, Capias La- f 0:18:4 titat ExKution or Writ of Excom ad Capiendum •* For I Oxford Circuit. xMONxMOUTHSHIRE. 341 £. s. D. For entering and difcharging every fecond and other Aftion 1 f o : 13 : 4 upon Procefs Capias Latitat or Execution — J For receiving and entering every declaration agaiall Prifoners 7 in cuftody — — — 1° For the Certificate of the want of a declaration in order to ', o : 6:8 order to 1 fue out a writ of Superfedeas — For a Copy of each Warrarvt againft each Prifoner — 0:3:4 For receiving and entering every Warrant againft each i defendant in cuftody — — J For the Under Keeper or Turnkey upon each Aftion and Writ o : 2:6 LODGINGS. Every Prifoner that lies in the Keeper's Lodgings in the 7 . , Sheriff's Ward pays /(?/■ week — — J Every Prifoner that lies in the Sheriff's Ward in his own 7 . f o : I : 5 lodgings pays per week — — A The Names of the Juftices who figned and allowed the above Fees^ Tho'- Morgan ^ , Cha^- Van Jun'- Capel Hanbury , „ JOHN Chambre Ta=- Tuder Morgan ^ t> •' b. Bradbury J. Lewis Examined and allowed by the Hon'''= Sir Thomas Dennison Kn.* AND THE Hon*''* Mr. Baron Clive COUNTY 342 MONMOUTHSHIRE. Oxford Circuit. COUNTY BRIDEWELL at USK. This Prifon was formerly a Chaj>el. On the ground-floor is a room for men, and another for women. There are two work-rooms at top of the houfe ; but I faw no Prifoners there. — The Keeper's wife told me that many years ago the Prifon was crowded j and her- felf, her father, who was then Keeper, and many others of the family, had the Gaol-Fever: three of them, and feveral Prifoners died of it. The danger of fuch a calamity for the future would be much leflened, if an additional room or two were built in the Garden. There is a Court-yard, with a Pump, which is feldom in order. — Keeper's Salary ;^20 : Fees 5 s. 6d. no Table. 1774, Aug. 21, Prifoners 2, 1776, Sep. 6, - - - 3. COUNTY Oxford Circuit, GLOUCESTERSHIRE, 343 COUNTY GAOL, GLOUCESTER CASTLE. GAOLER, miliam fFilliams. Salary, none. Fees, Debtors, ;^i : : 10. Felons at AfTize, : 17 : 8, at Quarter Seffion. >,. : 13 : 4. Tranfports, £6 each. Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. Felons, each a fix- penny loaf in two days. Garnifh, ^0:1: 6. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1773, Nov. 24, 15 - - 17. 1774, Aug. 8, 20 - - 48, 1775, Dec. 5, 13 - - 24, 1776, Sep. 5, 8 - - 35> Dec. 15, 10 - - 41. (See Remarks.) CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Evans. Duty — Sunday, Wednefday, Friday. Salary, £^0. SURGEON, None : but on applying to a Juftice. GLOUCESTER H4 GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Oxford Circuit. GLOUCESTER CASTLE RtuARKs. IS alfo one of the County Bridewells: yet only one Court-yard for all Prifoners ; and one fmall Day-room, twelve feet by ten, for Men and Women-felons. The night-room (the Main) for Men-felons, , though up many ftone fteps, is clofe and dark -, and the floor is fo ruinous, that it cannot be waflied. Adjoining to the Main, there are other night-rooms for Fines &c. men and women feparate. Fines have alfo their feparate day-room. Many Prifoners died here in 17735 and always, except in my laft vifit, I faw fome fick in this Gaol. The large Dunghill that one conftantly fees near the ftone fteps may be one caufe of it. — The whole Prifon is much out of repair. Some alterations are now making at the Gateway. I hope the Gentlemen will confider the dreadful condition of the other Buildings. The upper rooms of the Caftle were the Bridewell j but they are not now ufed except occafionally for a Prifoner that has the Small- Pox &c. there being no Infirmary. Of the Felons &c. in September and December laft, thirteen were Tranfports: moft of them convidted at Lent Aflize 1775. About twenty were Fines ; who not having the County allowance, nor any employment, were in September very pitiable objedls indeed ; half naked, and almoft famiftied. But in December tiieir appearance was much altered. Mr. Raikes and other Gentlemen took pity on them, and generoufly contributed toward the feeding and cloathing them. — Mr. Williams has ^^ 10 a year as Bridewell Keeper. In this Gaol were fome Prifoners, who had been arrefted by Exchequer Writs i in which an Officer is commanded "to bring " tlie Oxford Circuit. GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 345 *' the body before the Barons of the Exchequer— at Weftminfter— " to anfwer our Sovereign Lord the King concerning divers tref- " pafles, Gontempts, and offences &c." The Prifoners are called Contempts. In different parts of the Kingdom, there are many Pri- foners detained by fuch Writs, which are indeed numerous. A TABLE OF DEBTORS FEES allowed by the— Juftices— for the County of Gloucefter at the Booth-hall 15 July 1729. Approved— by the Judge of Affize— 19th fame month according to— an Aft entitled &c. To wit ] «3 D. : o Imprimis, for entering the Aftion whereon each Prifoner is firlt brought into cuftody either on Proce/s, Capias, La- titat, Execution or writ oi Excom ad Capiendum For entering and difcharging every fecond and other Adlion upon Procefs, Capias, Latitat or Execution — For receiving and entering every declaration againft Prifoners ■) n 1 C o : 2 : o in cuftody — — _ ^ For the Certificate of the want of a declaration in order to ) < o : 6:8 fue out a writ of Superfedeas, — — ^ For a Copy of each Warrant againft each Prifoner — 0:3:4 For receiving and entering every Warrant againft each defen- 7 dant in cuftody — — — 3 For the Under Keeper or Turnkey upon each Aftion or Writ o : 2:6 LODGING. Every Prifoner who lies in the Keeper's Lodgings -\ in the Sherift" 's Ward, being the Caftle j pays by the S- o : 2:6 Every Prifoner who lyes in the Sherift''s Ward in his own ~) ' ' i^ o : 1 : 6 Lodgings pays by the week — — j Y y The 2 : 6 346 GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Oxford Circuit. GLOU- 1 HE names or me juititcs w IIU llgin.^ ".— ....w,.^ CESTER CASTLE. FEES at the laft Sejfions Will". Hodges Nath'- Lye J Temple Fr Willis Ed Field Mavn" Colchester J Stephens Tho^ Hayward Tho Cooke K Delabere C Hyatt Reg Winniatt Tho Syke. The names of the Juftices and Judge of Affize who allowed and confirmed the above fees- at the laft 41fize Tho C00K.E Ed Field J Stephens Tho Hayward. 1 HAVE reviewed and exammed the above Table of Fees and do confirm the fame ROB. PRICE.. other COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. LAWFORD's GATE, BRISTOL, built 17 16, has four rooms, eighteen feet by fixteen : in two of them are beds for thofe who pay. There is a fmall room in which Felons fleep. No chimneys. Court-yard twenty two feet by eighteen ; with a pump.. It is not fecure ; and Prifoners are always con- fined Oxford Circuit. GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 347 fined in their rooms. It may be enlarged from the Keeper's bride- Garden ; and fhould be made fecure, that Prifoners may ufe it, wells. and have accefs to the pump. The Keeper readily agreed with me in that opinion. He is a Sheriff's Officer: Salary /lo : Fees 6s. 8d. no Table. Straw ten fliillings a quarter: allow- ance, ifaPrifoner be very poor, 2d. a day: no employment. Claufes of Aft againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. By a Regifter kept in the Prifon, it appears that in eight years and a half to September 1776 there were committed to it 572 Prifoners. 1774, Aug. 23, Prifoners 2, i775> Dec. 8, - _ j, 1776, — - 16, - _ 6. BERKELEY. Quite out of repair. Only one room for men and women: no chimney: yard not fecure: no water: no ftraw. The fenfible old Keeper lamented the bad effedls of clofe con- finement in idlenefs, upon the health of even young llrong Prifoners. Many fuch, he faid, he had known quite incapable of working for fome weeks after their difcharge. He told me, that fome years ago his Prifoners ufed to grind malt for a penny a bufhel ; and the Juftices would not licence any Viftualler whofe malt was not ground here: but that of late years they have done no work at all. No allowance. Keeper Francis Norman : his Salary ^ao : Fees 4s. 4d. no Table. He wrote me a Lift of his Prifoners for four years paft j which I will tranfcribe. 1774, Aug. 22, Prifoners 3, two Men, one Woman. i775> Dec. 6, - - None. Y y 2 Account 348 GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Oxford Circuit. BRIDE- Account ofPRisoNERs in the Bridewell at Berkeley. ■WELLS. In the Year 177 1, Committed to Labour and Correftion, Prifoners 21, Nothing expended. Nothing earned. 1772, Ditto, ---__- 20, Nothing expended. Nothing earned. 1773, Ditto, ------ 19, Nothing expended. Nothing earned. 1774, Ditto, ------ 15, Nothing expended. Nothing earned. 1775, Ditto to Midfummer Seffions, - - 4> Nothing expended. Nothing earned. Francis Norman. CIRENCESTER. The ground-floor is the Keeper's (hop for garden feeds ; and his kitchen &c. On the firfl ftory is a room about fixteen feet by eleven for men : one corner of it is parted off for a bed-room, called the Cub, eight feet by five. On the fecond ftory is a larger room for women. — The whole out of repair j and the yard not fecure enough to let the Prifoners have the ufe of it. — No allowance to any but Felons occafionally committed hither. No employment. Keeper's Salary £l2'- he pays Rent ^^ 1 2. 1776, Sep. 4, Prifoners 3. WINCHCOMB. Oxford Circuit. GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 349 WINCHCOMB. In this Bridewell Prifoners were formeriy kept bride- . WELLS &c, all together in the Cellar. Now they' are in the Garrets : men in one, women in another j each about fourteen feet fquare : roof and floors meet : eight feet high to the ridge in the mid- dle. A clofe glazed window in each : no chimney. Prifoners always confined to their rooms : court-yard not fecure. The County have not laid out any thing upon the Houfe for many years ; and the whole is quite out of repair. It is the Keeper's Freehold : he is upwards of fourfcore : his Salary per Receipts £i'2. : 10 : o, in fa£b^i2. Fees 13s. 4d. no Table. Licence for Beer. Claufes of Aft againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. Allowance, if charged with Felony, three-pennyworth of bread a day. No ftraw. 1776, Dec. 14, Prifoners, i Felon 2 WomenDelinquents fpinning. IN THIS COUNTY IS ALSO St. BRIAVEL's GAOL for debtors. The Property of Lord Berkeley. It is in the Foreft of Dean. One room for men, greatly out of repair : no yard : no water : no allow- ance : no firing. One of the two fickly objefts I found there, told me he had been confined a twelvemonth, and never once out of the difmal room : the other almoft as long. — A room above for women : none there. — Keeper no Salary. 1775, D^'^- 4» Prifoners 2, GLOUCESTER 350 GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Oxford Circuit. GLOUCESTER CITY and COUNTY GAOL. GAOLER, JVilliam Jeynes. Salary, none : he pays ^4 : 4 : o a year to the Sheriffs. Fees, Debtors, ^o : 9 : 8, Felons, o : 12 : 10. Tranfports, £6 each. Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, three fhillings a week. (See Remarks.) Felons, three-pennyworth of bread a day each. Garnifh, £0 : 3 : 4. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1773, Nov. 24, 3 - - 4> 1775, Dec. 5, 7 - - 7. 1776, Sep. 6, 2 - - 2, Dec. 15, 2 - - 6. CHAPLAIN, None. SURGEON, Noncj but on applying to the Mayor. Remarks. THIS GAOL, the North-gate, is too fmall. Debtors Felons and Petty Offenders, who cannot pay for beds, all together ; but women feparated at night. No Court-yard ; but Debtors have the privilege of Walking upon the Leads. The Oxford Circuit. GLOUCESTERSHIRE. 351 The Gaoler put down a Pump at his own expence ; and for reim- burfement he dedudts three pence a week out of three fhillings a week which the City pays Debtors in common. On the 13th of December Prifoners have ten {hillings worth of bread from an Eftate in Hemjhd near this City. It is fent in two-penny loaves. Na Memorial of it in the Gaol. He alfo keeps the City Bridewell at the Eaft-gate : but that is out of repair; and Offenders are committed to this Gaol. Ghucefter City. A TABLE of CHAMRER RENT and FEES belonging to the North-gate Gaol Sec. CHAMBER RENTS. The beft room for each man three fhillings per week. The three bed-rooms for each man two fhillings and four pence /fr week. The chamber called Daiu's-nejl three fliillings per week. The little chamber called Catt-hole two fhillings and four pence per week. The little room on the firft floor two fhillings and four pence /^r week. FEES. £. S. D. Sheriff's Warrants of Writs out of King's Bench and ') ^ . . o Common Pleas, Gaoler is. 4d. Turnkey is. 4d. j All Execution-Warrants the fame — ■ — 0:9:8 City double Aftion — — —0:8:4 City fingle Aftion — — — 0:4:8 Executions out of Court of Confcience — — 0:2:6 Mittimus's — — — o : 12 : 10 Civit 352 GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Oxford Circuit. CLOU- Civit Gloucfs Ad Generalem ^artialem SeJJionem i£c. 5 Mar:- CESTER CITY. 4'" Georgii II— i'] 2,0 Whereas by an Aft made in the fecond year of the reign of his prefent Majefty— for the Relief &c.— no Fees— -or Chamber rent to be taken— till fettled by three or more Juftices— at the Quarter Se(rions—and---figned by the Judge of Aflize with three or more Juftices— And whereas upon the Examination of the Gaoler of the Prifon of the North-gate of this City —it appearing to us tliat the above— are the ancient and ac- cuftomed fees— we having reviewed and moderated the faid Table of Fees in fome Articles do hereby allow and confirm the fame as they are now fettled. Signed by us John Small Mayor CuTLi Payne Tho Carill COUNTY Western Circuit. HAMPSHIRE, OR THE COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON. COUNTY GAOL at WINCHESTER. GAOLER, John White. Salaty, none. Fees, Debtors, ^^i : o : o. Felons, 1:7:4. Tranfports, ;^5 : 5 : o each, and hire of waggon or Other carriage. Licence, for Beer and Wine. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none : but on applying to the Juftices. (See Remarks.) Felons, a three-penny loaf each, every other day (weight in Sep. 1774, ilb. \^oz.), and the College allowance. (See Remarks.) Garnifli, £0:1:6. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1773, Dec. 16, 21 - - 18, 1774, Sep. 24, 13 - - 21, 1775, Dec. 28, 15 - - 29, 1776, Feb. 27, 15 - - 23. CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. iVeftcomb. Duty — Sunday, Tuefday, Thurfday. Salary, lately augmented from ^^30 to ^^50. SURGEON, Mr. Lifjcomb. Salary, lately augmented from ^^30 to ^50 for Felons, Bridewell, and Common-fide Debtors. Zz WINCHESTER. 353 354 HAMPSHIRE. WesterxV Circuit. WINCHESTER. Remarks. THIS GAOL is kept- very dean; and the late alterations in it arc innprovennents. The prefent Dungeon is down but five fteps : it is boarded and has large windows. The former deftruftive Dungeon was darker, and down eleven fleps : Mr. Lipfcomb informed me that more than twenty Prifoners had died in it of the Gaol Fever in one year; and that his predecefTor died of the fame diftemper. The Felons day room is commodioufly enlarged. Their ftraw beds and coverlids are brought out and aired when the weather is fine. They have every day a clean towel hung on a roller : the prifoner who takes care of it and delivers it next day is paid a penny. If a little court, which is now Ihut up from the Gaol, and totally ufelefs, were cleared, lowered, and opened towards the Prifon, it would be very conducive to health and convenience. St. Cross's Hofpital bread (the Dole) is about a penny loaf given to each of the Prifoners fix times a year : viz. on the eve of the fol- lowing days, loth Auguft, 31ft Odober, Chriftmas, Eafter, 3d of May, and Whitfunday. The College allowance to Felons is, once a week, an ox's head, four flieeps heads and henges, about feventeen pints of oatmeal, three pints of fait, twelve loaves the fize of twopenny ones, about twenty gallons of table beer, and generally three times a week the broken vidtuals. In Lent they have not the ox head, nor the other meat. The Gaoler has two guirieas a year for keeping a bread account, to check the baker. The Juflices alfo take care of this matter ; and, in confequence, the quarterly bills, now the Prifoners have three halfpence a day, amount to no more than they did in the laft Gaoler's and Baker's time when the allowance was but a penny a day. Southton. Western Circuit. HAMPSHIRE. 355 Southcon. Js Ad Generalem ^arterialem SeJJionem—apud Winton— ii"">-Jan'''"^"'GeorgiiII—i-j2i coram l£c. A TABLE of FEE S— fettled-purfuant to an Ad— the fecond year of his prefent Majefty— entitled an Aft for the relief of Debtors &c. and") 3 •• o o : 2:0 4 : o I. S. D. At the entrance of every Felon for deanfing the Gaol and finding candles and all other common neceffaries At the difcharge of every Felon to the Gaoler — 1:5:4 To him for the fecond and every other indiftment > — 0:12:8 At the difcharge of every Felon to the Turnkey • — 0:2:0 For the fecond and every other indidtment to him — 0:1:0 To the Gaoler for every Felon for his bed on the Mailer's- " fide weekly — — — If two lye in the fame bed he may take of each for lodging "j in fuch bed — — ^ . At the entrance of every Debtor for cleanfing the Gaol and ' finding candle and other neceffaries — Of every Debtor for each week's lodging in the Gaoler's ^ ^ bed on the Mailer's fide — — ' For each Debtor difcharged to the Gaoler — i : o : o Of him for the fecond and every other Aftion — ^ 0:10:0 To the Turnkey at the difcharge of every Debtor — 0:2:0 To him of fuch Debtor for the fecond and every other Aftion o : 1:0 At the difcharge of every perfon committed for Felony . and whofe bills Ihall be brought in Ignoramus and at the difcharge of every perfon committed for not finding I o : 13 : 4 bail or for other mifdemeanors under the degree of ] Felony no more than For Copy of every Warrant for a Debtor — 0:1:0 For the Copy of every Commitment of a Felon — o -: i : o Z z 2 And 356 HAMPSHIRE. Western Circuit. And it is ordered— that the Gaoler— -fhall not — receive direftly or indireftly— any other or greater Fees &c.---And for the better information of Prifoners —-that the under-written Claufe in the faid Aft of Parliament be fubfcribed at the bottom of the Table of Fees to be hung up— -in each and every room &c. " And be it further enafted--that every Sheriff, Under Sheriff, Gaoler &c. " — -fhallpermit---him or her— -arretted to fend for---any beer ale and " viftuals or other neceffary food from what place they pleafe and alfo to *' have— fuch bedding linnen &c.-— as he (he or they ihall think lit &c. Copy Ed Stawell ^^^, g^^^^ John Foyle n /- /- r^ •' R. C. Chaloner Cobb Ed Hooker _ ttt Benj Woodroofe Rob Pvke Tho'- Durnford Ric New John Alwick At WINCHESTER rs A PRISON for debtors, the Cheyney Court in and for the Liberty of the Soke : Property of the Bilhop. Out of repair. There is a Garden into which fome Prifoners are admitted. The Bounty of the Duke of Chandos fupplies this Prifon every week with two gallon loaves and about twenty- pounds of beef. Fees i6s. 8d. no Table. 1775, Dec. 28, Prifoners 6. COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. WINCHESTER. The three rooms are too clofe, and the yard too fmall for the Prifoners wlio are commonly numerous ; efpecially Western Circuit. HAMPSHIRE. 357 efpecially at Quarter Seffions, when they are brought hither bride- from the other Bridewells. This Prifon has been fatal to vaft wells. numbers. The mifery of the Prifoners excited the compaflion of the Duke of Chandos ; who for fome years paft has fent them every week about thirty pounds of beef and two gallon loaves. A pump lately funk : no flraw. Claufes of Act againft Spirituous Liquors hung up. Keeper's Salary ;^40: Fees 7 s. 8d. no Table. Licence, Beer and Wine. Allow- ance, a three-penny loaf in two days : no employment. 1774, Sep. 24, Prifoners 13, 1775, Dec. 28, - - - 21. GOSPORT. Apartments convenient, but not kept clean. The yard airy. An oven to purify the cloaths, but no fuel allowed by the County. No ftraw. .Keeper a Sheriff's Officer : Salary ^^40 : Fees 6 s. 8 d. no Table. Licence, Beer and Wine. Allowance, two-pennyworth of bread a day : no employment. Claufes of Aft againft Spirituous Liquors hung up. 1774, Sep. 27, Prifoners 2, 1776, Feb. 26, - - - 5. ODIAM. Three rooms. The Keeper takes to himfelf for a brew- houfe, dairy &c. the middle room, which is far the largeft : the other two are twelve feet by eleven each. Keeper a Sheriff's Officer: Salary £1^: Fees 6s. 8d. no Table. No Licence. Allowance about a pound of bread a day : no ftraw : no employment. Claufes of Aft againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. 1776, Feb. 28 J Prifoners 8, NEWPORT 358 HAMPSHIRE. Western Circuit. NEWPORT in the Ifle of Wight. This is the Keeper's property. Two rooms ; one of them quite dark : no yard : no Avater. Keeper told me his Salary was £1^ • 1 5 : o, for wliich he was to fupply each Prifoner daily with three-halfpennyworth of •bread, and three pints of water. 1774, Sep. 27, Prifoners none. HERE IS ALSO NEWPORT GAOL. No yard: no water. Allowance three- halfpennyworth of bread : three pints of water. Gaoler's Salary ^3. 1774, Sep. 27, Prifoners none. IN this County are alfo at SOUTHAMPTON, THE BAR GATE. Sheriff's Ward for Debtors. Two rooms: in that for women, no chimney. There is no court-yard : no water. Keeper, the oldeft Sergeant at Mace : Salary £^^ : Fees 13 s. 4d. no Table. ClaufesofAdl againft Spirituous Liquors hung up. 1774, Sep. 24, Debtors a, 1776, Feb. 26, - - 2. GAOL FOR FELONS, lowcF end of the town. Two clofe rooms. A court-yard: no water. Gaoler's Salary ;^5. Prifoners allow- ance three-pennyworth of bread a day. 1774, Sep. 24, Felons none, 1776, Feb. 26, Ditto. BRIDEWELL, Western Circuit. HAMPSHIRE. 359 BRIDEWELL, joins to the Gaol. Three airy rooms up ftairs : south- no yard : no water : no ftraw : no ennployment. Keeper, a ^ m p t o , junior Sergeant at Mace : Salary ;^2 : Fees 3 s. 4d. no Table. Prifoners allowance three-pennyworth of bread a day : ten iliillings a. year for bedding. 1774, Sep. 24, Prifoners none. 1776, Feb. 26, - - - a. PORTSMOUTH TOWN GAOL. In one of the rooms, which is large. Debtors^ and Felons lodge together. The upper rooms are for women : none in them. Gaoler is Sergeant at Mace ; no Salary : Licence for Beer and Wine. Prifoners allowance, Debtors none ; Felons four pence a day. No bedding nor ftraw. I HAVE a copy of the Table of Fees hung up in this Gaol : it is figned by the Town-Clerk George Huijh 30th June 1738. He writes at the title " Fees due to the Sergeants at Mace of the faid Borough, " which I have known to be paid from the year 1693 and have been " informed were antiently paid." For every Commiunent 15s. lod. out of which the Town-Clerk hath 33. 6 Dec. 13. - 14 - - 8, J774, Sep. ^3> - 12 - - 9> I77S> Dec. 27> - 21 - - i5> 1776, Sep. 3> - 7 - - 12. CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Vanderplank. Duty— Friday. Salary, £^0; of which ^^ 20 is a Legacy. (See Remarks.) SURGEON, Mr. Cromptou. Salary, ;^io : 10 : o for Felons and Common-fide Debtors. SALISBURY. Western Circuit. WILTSHIRE. 361 SALISBURY. THE PRISON in this City called Fijherton-Anger Gaol (from Remarks. the name of the Parifli in which it ftands) near a fine ftream, is alfo one of the COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. Only one yard. No day-room for Common-fide Debtors, nor Felons : each fort have their fire on a brick hearth raifed in the middle of their relpedlive lodging-rooms, without chimney. The Debtors room over the Felons. Women- felons have a feparate room, more commodious. Mr. Biggs has (G : 13 : 4 Salary for the Bridewell; and ^^lO a year for Fees of Prifoners acquitted at Quarter Seflions. He pays Window-tax ;C3 • ^5 • °' The laft time I was there, I faw a new building in tJie yard ; a ftable, cart-houfe, and brew-houfe ; with an Infirmary over them j one room for men, another for women. I could not help wifhing that the lower part inftead of fi:able &c. had been two day-rooms with fire-places, one for Common-fide Debtors, another for Felons. That part of the Prifon which was the Bridewell is not fecure ; and Petty Offenders are confined in the Gaol. Just without the Prifon-gate is a round ftaple fixed in the wall : through it is put a chain, at each end of which a Common-fide Debtor padlocked by the leg, ftands ofi'ering to thofe who pafs by, nets, laces, purfes &c. made in the Prifon. The two whom I faw there laft were Crown Debtors not cleared by the late Infolvent Aft. I HAVE been informed, that at Chriftmas, Felons chained together were permitted to go about ; one of them carrying a fack or bafket for food, another a box for money. A a a Twenty 362 WILTSHIRE. Western Circuit. Twenty pounds a year of the Chaplain's Salary is paid by Lord Weymouth by a Bequeft of "Thomas fhyime, Efq. who bound for Payment the Manors of Weobly and Rojs in the County of Hereford. The Bequeft was recognized by Lord Weymouth in a Deed of Settle- ment dated 2d November 1709, Lord Pembroke pays a Legacy oi {^^ a year; part to the Chap- lain himfelf, viz. a guinea for a hat ; the remainder to be by him diftributed among the Prifoners. Mr. Smith of Salijhury left the Intereft of ^^50 to be divided among them. No Memorial of any Legacy hung up in the Gaol. — DzV 'Julii^ 3"- Georgii II Anno Dom 1729 A TABLE of FEES now and heretofore ufually demanded- and alfo for chamber rent &c.— according to an Aft- intituled an Aft for the Relief &c. £■ S. D. For entering and difcharging every ASion or Proce/s Capias \ or Latitat — — — ■* Entering and difcharging of every fecond Aftion — o : 10 : o Entering and difcharging every Ca//fli a//fg- o : 13 : \ though it be on feveral Aftions — — J For the Chamber rent of every Prifoner fo committed who~| Ihall have a bed to himfelf and although there arc more I ° L o : 2 : o beds in the fame room and who finds himfelf bed 1 bedding and fheets weekly and eVery week — J If 368 DORSETSHIRE. Western Circuit. If there be two Prifoners and no more in one bed finding "J their own bed bedding and Iheets then each of them > o : to pay weekly and every week for Chamber rent J Every Prifoner who at his own defire has a bed to himfelf and although there are more beds than one in each room and the Keeper judge bedding and flieeting Ihall pay for fuch Chamber rent and for the ufe of each bed and bedding weekly and every week Prifoners in one bed and no more in one bed and the Keeper finding bed bedding and (heets then every ofi them to pay weekly and every week for the ufe of fuch bed bedding and Chamber rent — For the ufe of the Common room the Prifoner finding his bed and bedding — — But if the Keeper finds bedding then — For the Liberate and Difcharge of every Prifoner out of the faid Prifon for Debt or otherwife in Civil Suits or Adtions — — — For the Turnkey Fees of every Prifoner difcharged — S. D. ig his 1 of the "J its or > o : o o : Ric Brodrepp Jn° Jennings R RiGGS E Okeden J Hanham John Freke The above written Fees have been perufed by Us his Majefly's Juftices of AlTize for the Weftern Circuit at the Aflizes held at Dorchejier in and for the faid County oi Dorfet the 24th day of July 1760 and we do approve the fame E WILMOT W NOEL Examined with the Original by John Wall is Clerk of the Peace of the County of Dor/et, COUNTY Western Circuit. DORSETSHIRE. 369 COUNTY BRIDEWELL at SHERBORN. Too fmallj and the ceilings low. Keeper's Salary ;r40: Fees 13 s. 4d. no Table. Allowance a three-penny loaf in two days, weight in Sep. 1774, lib. 1502. No employment. No ftraw. The Keeper told m.e he had fpoken in behalf of his fick Prifoners to the Clerk of the Peace, who faid " he thought the late Aft did not extend to Bridewells." The Juftices have very judicioufly provided for the relief of Prifoners going to different Quarter Seflions. Their Order dated 12th April 1774 is as follows. Sherborn, Dorfet. THE great inhumanity that frequently hap- pens unto the feveral Prifoners— conveyed to the different Quarter SefTions to be tryed— by the walking loaded with heavy irons — being taken into confideration— it is the Refolution and Order of this Court that for the future the Gaol-Keeper and Bridewell-Keeper fhall provide for one Prifoner only a horfe, for two or more a con- venient cart or carriage for the conveying them : and to be allowed the fum of three pence per mile for one perfon j for two or more the fum of fix pence a mile &c. 1774, Sep. 22, Prifoners 9. Bbb POOL a7<» DORSETSHIRE. Western Circuit. POOL TOWN GAOL. Two rooms, down three fteps. No water. Keeper, no Salary: Fees 13 s. 4d. no Table. Allowance to Debtors and Felons 2s. 3d. a week each. Debtor. Felons. 1776, Feb. 26, I - None. BRIDEWELL, in the Work-houfe yard. Three fmall dirty rooms. Keeper is the Mafter of the Work-houfe, which he farms. 1776, Feb. a5i Prifoners none but a Lunatic. HIGH Western Circuit. DEVONSHIRE. 371 HIGH GAOL AT EXETER, FOR FELONS. GAOLER, Benjamin Sherry. Salary, none. (See Remarks.) Fees, Felons, ^^o : 14 : 4. Tranfports, ,^1 : 1 : o each. (See Remarks.) Licence, none. But he fells finall beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Felons, twenty-two ounces of bread a day each. Garnifh, lately abolifhed. Number of - - - - Felons &c. 1774, Feb. 18, - 20, Sep. 12, - 14, 1775, Dec. 16, - 25. CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Stabhack. Duty — Sunday Sermon, and twice a week Prayers. Salary, l,\o. SURGEON, Mr. Rule. Salary, ^^42 for Gaol and Bridewell. (See Remarks.) THIS GAOL h the VroYitvVf o( John RoUe Walter, Efq. whofe Remarks. Family had a Grant of it from the Duchy of Cornwall : the Gaoler pays him Rent ^22 per annum. The houfe and yard too fmall : no fewer. The three night-dungeons down three fteps are clofe and B b b 2 unhealthy : 372 DEVONSHIRE. Western Circuit. unhealthy : the windows too fmall. An Infirmary, commodious enough, is lately built ; but the flairs that lead up to it are intole- rably bad. The Priibners make cabbage-nets for two pence a dozen ; and purfes of different forts from four pence to feven pence a dozen : the Turnkey finds the twine and thread. — Two Sailors fined a fhil- ling each, had ^^x : i : 4 each to pay the Clerk of the Peace, befides the Gaoler's Fees, Mr. Rule the Surgeon told me that he was by contract excufed from attending in the Dungeons any Prifoners that fliould have the Gaol-Fever. There is no Table of Fees. But by the clofe of the Preamble at the Sheriff's Ward, the Table there feems to have included ori- ginally the Fees of this Gaol alfo. The Gaoler has for each Tr an/port two guineas from the Merchant, to whom the County pays/>d'r contraft £^. About Chriftmas, the Gaoler permits his Prifoners to folicit Charity in the City. When I was laft there the box was broke open, fuppofed by the perfon who conduced them and abfconded. If any Gentleman would undertake the difpofal of the Contributions, this would not only prevent fuch a fraud, but the money laid out for meat, firing &c. would be far more beneficial than their fpending moft of it in liquor. It was commendable and exemplary in the Juftices of this County to fix tlie Felons allowance by a certain weight of good bread, not ■variable with the price. SHERIFF'S 373 Western Circuit. DEVONSHIRE. SHERIFF'S WARD, EXETER; THE COUNTY PRISON for debtors. KEEPER, John Jut/um. Salary, none. Fees, j^o : 14 : 4. Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, none. Garnilh, £0:1:/^. Number of - - - - Debtors, 1774, Feb. 20, - 43, Sep. 12, - 24. 1775, Dec. 15, - 34. CHAPLAIN, None. On Sunday a Prifoner reads Prayers and dines with the Keeper. SURGEON, None. THE Sheriff's Ward or Prifon is in the Parifh of o : 1 3 : 4 cefles only — — — J To the Turnkey — -^ — o : i : o For every liberate — — — 0:2:0 For the ufe of a bed in a fingle room for one perfon by the week o : 3:0 The ufe of a room where there are two or more beds and two ") > o : 1:3 lodge in a bed each perfon by the week — j The ufe of the common room if the Keeper £nds bedding') each perfon by the week — — j If the Prifoner finds bedding — — nothing We do hereby approve and ratify the Table of Fees above written purfuant to tlie faid Statute E WILMOT R" Warwick. Bamfvlde -yj^r^, nqel NlCH= NuTCOMBE BlUETT Henry Crewes. RULES Western Circuit. DEVONSHIRE. RULES AND ORDERS to be obferved in the Sheriff's Ward or Prifon for the County o( Devon^ Cha^ Hayne, Sheriff, NO Prilbner to abufe the Turnkeys — if they do — to be confined. If Turnkeys ufe them ill — to complain to Under-SherifF or Keeper. Doors of lodging rooms — to be unlocked— in winter— at fun rifing — in fummer at fix.. Prisoners to be called over within the fore-door — at candle-Iightina —and locked up in their feveral rooms at nine at night. Fore-gate to be locked at nine at night in fummer, at eight in winter. No Prifoner — to go outfide of the rails towards the fore-gate. No comber or weaver to work in lodging rooms. No Prifoner's Family, or Wife, to lodge in the Prifon without con- fent of Keeper. No Prifoner to be without the fore-door of the Prifon-houfe on Sun- days in time of Divine Service. No perfon to bring any Spirituous Liquors into the Prifon. After the door is fhut at night no large jugs, of beer to be brought, but pints or quarts may be put in at the window. No Prifoner to throw any rubbilh in the pump yard. No Prifoner to keep any dog. No wood to be cut or cleaved in the chambers— it Ipoils the plaiftering. Keeper to place any Prifoner where he thinks proper for fafety. No Prifoner to remove his bed without Keeper's confent. COUNTY 375 376 DEVONSHIRE. Western Circuit. COUNTY BRIDEWELL at EXETER, IN ST. Thomas's. Spacious, but out of repair : the windows fmall and glazed j yet no cafements. An Infirmary. — Keeper's Salary ^^60 : no Fees. He is a Woollen Manufadhirer, and employs fome of his Prifoners. Others of them might work in the large Garden and Yard at Rope- making, Packthread-fpinning &c. His number of Prifoners for three years was in 1772, 92; in 1773, 163; in 1774, 144. When I was there laft, eight or ten of the Prifoners were women ; and yet the houfe was dirty. Allowance two-pennyworth of bread a day (weight in Sep. 1774, i^): ounces). The County have appointed a Chaplain, with a Salary of ^^30, and a Houfe joining to the Prifon which he lets for;{^6 a year. 1774, Sep. 12, Prifoners 22, 1775, Dec. 24, - - 34. EXETER Western Circuit, DEVONSHIRE. 377 EXETER C I T Y AND C O U N T Y G A O L. GAOLER, Sarah Strong, Salary, ;r20. Fees, Debtors, ^o : 16 : 4, Felons, o : 14 : 4. Tranfports, the Expenfe. Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. ("See Remarks.) Felons, three-halfpennyworth of bread aday each. Garnifli, Debtors, ^^o : 3 : 6. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Feb. 20, II - - I, 1775, Dec. 15, 7 - - 2. CHAPLAIN, None. SURGEON, None. But ordered for Felons by the Chamber upon occafion. THIS GAOL, called the South-gate Prifon, has in the Keeper's Remarks. houfe convenient apartments for Delators. The three wards on the other fide of the gateway, for Felons, are very clofe and ofFenfive : no chimney : no court-yard : no water ; no fewer. Here are fent fifty-one penny loaves every week to the Debtors ; if only one, he has the whole, if more, they are equally divided amongft C c c them : 378 DEVONSHIRE. Western Circuit. EXETER them: from what Legacies they come is not known in the Gaol, as *^''^^'* no other Memorial is hung up than two painted boards, which con- tain Memorials of fundry Bequefts. They are not dated ; one of them feems ancient. I will tranfcribe the Legacies from thefe after the Table of Fees. City and County of the 7 "T"^ EES of the Gaoler or Keeper— of the City o^ Exon (to wit) y JL Gaol— called the Cow/)/c'r— at the 6'o«/^- G«/^— fettled— at the General Quarter SefTions— held at the Guiid-Hall — loth April— nth George II — 1738— in purfuance of an Aft for the Relief of Infolvent Debtors &c. £. S. D. For the Commitment Fee of every Prifoner for Debt, Damages, Contempt or otherwife though it be on > o : 13 : 4 feveral Aftions or Proceffes — — J To the Turnkey — — — 0:1:0 For every Liberate — — — 0:2:0 For the ufe of a bed in a fingle room for one perfon per week o : 3:0 For the ufe of a room wherein are two or more beds, and ■ two lodge in each bed, then for each bed For the ufe of the Common room the Prifoner finding the bed o : 0:6 But the Keeper finding the bed then /fr week — 0:1:0 I, and 1 Arthur Culme Mayor Nath"- Dewdney Tho* Coppleston The above Table of Fees hath been reviewed and confirmed by us his Majefly's Juftices of Affize for the Wejlern Summer Circuit held in and for the Cityof£.v Prisoners none. PENZANCE TOWN GAOL. Two clofe rooms: no court -yard: no water. 1775, Dec. 21, Prifoners none. A T P E N Z A N C E is alfo A PRISON for the Hundred and Liberties of PEN WITH, The Property of Lord Arundel. Two rooms in the Keeper's ftable-yard ; but diftant from his houfe, and quite out of fight and hearing. The room for men is full eleven feet fquare, and fix high : window eighteen inches fquare : no chimney. Earth floor ; very damp. The door had not been opened for four weeks when I went in i and then the Keeper began fhoveling away the dirt. — There was only one Debtor, who leemed to have been robuft, but was grown pale by ten weeks clofe confinement, with little food, which he had from a brother, who is poor and has a family. He faid, the damp- nefs of the Prifon, with but little ftraw, had obliged him (he fpoke with forrow) to fend for the bed on which fome of his children lay. D d d He 386 CORNWALL. Western Circuit. He had a wife and ten children, two of whom died fince he came thither, and the reft were ahnoft fl-arving. — He has written me a letter fince, by which I learn that his diftrefs was not mitigated, and that he had a companion, miferable as himfelf. — No allowance. Keeper no Salary : Fees 8 s. 4d, every aflion, no Table. A YEAR or two ago five Prifoners, I was informed, grew defperate by what they fuffered in this wretched Prifon, and broke out. 1775, ^^^- 2ij Prifoner i. LOSTWITHIEL GAOL roR debtors. Is the Property of the Duke of Cornwall, Lord of the Stannaries. It was lately repaired and whitewalhed. The Rules extend over the whole Borough. The Keeper told me that he lately had a Prifoner who was arrefted for ^^6 : the man had a large family, and not a bad charafter ; yet the Plaintiff paid him his groats for two years ; and dying then, bound his Eftate for the continual Payment of them : but the Infolvent Aft freed the Prifoner and the Ellate. — Keeper no Salary : Fees 13 s. 4 d. no Table. 1774, Sep. 14, Prifoners 4, • 1775, Dec. 18, - - 2. PENRYN GAOL for debtors. St. Leonard's Chapel : the Property of the Earl of Goddphin. One room thirteen feet fquare, fix high : window about two feet by one foot four inches. Keeper (a woman) complained of paying Rent ;^4, and of the Prifon window being taxed with thole in her houfe. 1775, ^^^' I9j Prifoners none. COUNTY I Western Circuit. SOMERSETSHIRE. 387 COUNTY GAOL at IVELCHESTER. GAOLER, Edward Scadding. Salary, of late, ^25. Fees, Debtors, £0 : 14 : 4, Felons, o : 6:8. Tranfports, £2 '• 12 : o each. Licence, for Beer and Wine. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. Felons, two pence a day each, money ; lately altered to the value in ftandard-bread. Garnifh, ^^o : 2 '• ^' Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Feb. 21, 31 - - 22, Aug. 2, 45 - - 18, 1775, Dec. 14, 34 - - 17- CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Burnett; now Rev. Mr. Pejler. Duty — Sunday, Wednefday, Friday. Salary, ^^50. SURGEON, Mr. Shorland. Salary, ^^8. Ddd2 IVELCHESTER. 388 SOMERSETSHIRE. Western Circuit. IVELC HESTER. Remarks, THE GAOL is near the river, and has no offenfive fewers. The apartments roomy ; but the court-yards too little. They might be enlarged eaftward. Men-felons have no day-rooni: a room, which is fit, and feems to have been defigned for that ufe, is taken by the Gaoler for a ftable. Affizes never held here. Prifoners are moved for trial to the Bridewell at 'Taunton ; or to Bridgewater where the Prifon is only one room ; or to J-Fells where there is no Prifon at all : and yet, at Midfummer Affize 1775 the Prifoners were kept in that City eight days. Every time I was here I faw one Thomas Hayes who was com- mitted by order of the Ecclefiaftical Court. Ivelchejier, Somerjetjhire. July 29 176 1 A True Copy of the RULES and FEES &c. belonging to Ivelchejier Gaol figned by the underwritten Gentlemen. C. S. D. Firft To the Fees at the Difcharge of the Debtor — 0:13:4 To the Turnkey — — — o For every Debtor's lodging fingly weekly including the ufe of a bed and bedding — But if two lodge together each to pay weekly — o The Gaoler is not to compel any Debtor to lodge fingle. o g the! If Western Circuit. SOMERSETSHIRE. 389 £. 5. D. V 1 : o If a Debtor has a bed and bedding of his own then to pay If he lodges in the Out-wards, to pay per week — 0:0:6 If a bed of his own — — — o -. o : a EdW Phelips Efq. Rev. Dr. Camplin Dodlor of Laws. Jn" Brigdale, w« rodbard, Giles Strangeway, Juftices of the Peace. These Laws were approved of and figned by the under-written Judges July 29. 176 1 EARDLY WILMOT Wm NOEL Examined by John Donne Clerk o£the Peace COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. TAUNTON. Convenient apartnaents, court-yard, pump &c. If the vs'indows, efpecially that in the fick ward (lately added) were enlarged, and the Prifon be conftantly kept as clean as it was laft time I faw it, they would have little to apprehend from the Gaol-Fever ; which, fix years ago, for want of an Infirmaiy and feparation, infeded the whole Prifon, fo that of nineteen Prifoners eight died, — Allowance two-pence a day • no 29"^ SOMERSETSHIRE. Western Circuit. BRIDE- no employment. Keeper's Salary £,i^'- Fees 14s. 4d. no ^^^'"** Table. L-icence for Beer. ClaufesofAcl againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. The County have generoufly gone to the limit of the Aft; and appointed to the Chaplain of this Bridewell, and of that at Shepton-Mallet (as Well as to the Chaplain of the County- Gaol) a Salary of ^50. 1774, Aug. 2, Prifoners 7, Sep. 10, - - 5> 1775, Dec. 14, - - 16. SHEPTON-MALLET. One day-room for men and women. Men's night-room too clofe ; only one fmall window. The women's night-room too little; the Keeper has taken what feems to have been part of it, to make his malt-loft. — He told me his Prifon was fome years ago fo unhealthy that he buried three or four a week : no Infirmaiy. He is a Sheriff's Officer. Licence for Beer: Salary £^S : Fees 14s. 4d. no Table. Allowance two pence a day : no employment. Claufes of Adl againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. Chaplain, /ee "Taunton. 1774, Feb. 21, Prifoners 44, Aug. 3, - - 10, 1775, Dec, 13, - - 29. BRISTOL I Western Circuit. SOMERSETSHIRE. 391 BRISTOL CITY AND COUNTY GAOL. GAOLER, Henry Willi am s; now William Driver. Salary, none. Gown-money ^x a. year. Fees, Debtors, ;^o : 6 : 8, Felons, o : 13 : 4. Tranfports, ;^5 : 5 : o each. Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. Felons, apennyworth of bread a day, before Trial j two-pennyworth of bread after Conviftion. Garnifh, ^o ; 2:7. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Feb. 22, - 58 - - 38, Aug. 23, - j3 - - 15, 1775, Dec. 7, - 36 - - 16, 1776, Dec. 16, - 2S - ~ *S' CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Eafterbrook. Duty— Sunday, Wednefday, Friday. (See Remarks.) Salary, i'^d. SURGEON, Mr. Ahel Dagge. Salary, none : he makes a Bill, BRISTOL- 392 SOMERSETSHIRE. Western Circuit. BRISTOL -NEWGATE. Remarks. THIS NEWGATE (as that in the Metropolis) ftands in the midft of the City. It is too fmall for the general number of Prifon- ers. For Debtors there are about fifteen rooms ; yet no free ward. The pooreft pay ten pence halfpenny a week : others two fliillings and fix-pence. — For Women-felons, a day-room and feveral night- rooms. — For Men-felonSj a day-room, with a court-yard adjacent twenty feet by twelve. Their dungeon, the Pit, down eighteen fteps, is about eighteen feet by feventeen, and nine feet high : barrack- bedfl:eads : no bedding nor ftraw. It is clofe and ofi^enfive : only a fmall window. — There is another yard, the Tennis-Court, larger than that of the Felons : Prifoners are admitted into it by turns. — A room or two at the top of the houfe for an Infirmary. — There are many nar- row pafiages : the utmoft attention is requifite to keep the Prifon healthy. I found it clean ; confidering it was fo crowded and fo clofe. It was fcraped and lime-whited once a year before the late Aft for preferving the health of Prifoners. That Aft is neatly painted on a board hung up in the Chapel, which is commodious and has a gallery : feveral Texts of Scripture are painted in fundry parts of it. — Claufes of the Aft againfl Spirituous Liquors are not hung up. No Table of Gaoler's Fees. The Rev. Mr. James Rouquet has been unwearied in attention to the fpiritual and temporal interefts of the Prifoners ; officiating near twenty years without a Salary. He had only once a Gratuity of ^20*. • This was written before November 1776, when Mr. Rouquet died in the forty- feventh year of his age. The general Sorrow, and tlie Sermons preached and printed on that Occafion, do more than juilify what 1 have faid concerning the Zeal of this pious Divine. Mr. Western Circuit. SOMERSETSHIRE. 393 Mr. Eafterbrook lately appointed. Befides the Service noted in its place, there are thirteen Sermons a year, for which the Preacher has la,. John Heydon left ^^ 100 to be lent to two Merchants, each pay- ing annually to the Corporation for the Prifoners as Intereft of his Moiety ^i : 13 : 4. — Mrs. Aid/worth left about ^^ a year, to be paid by the Parifh of All-Saints ; two thirds of it to Debtors, who receive the money ufually on Chriftmas-Eve ; the other third part is generally laid out in coverlids or blankets for Felons. No Memorial in the Gaol of any Legacy. A TABLE of FEES Town Clerk Bristol. £. S. D. Difcharge of Prifoners from the higheft Felony to the loweft ■ Mifdemeanor — — — BRISTOL CITY BRIDEWELL. Part of it is in the Keeper's houfe, on one fide of a common foot way : and part on the other fide. In the Keeper's houfe, the Mafter's-fide, are three rooms : one a day room ; in the other two are beds at fix pence a night. — The Common-fide, the new Bridewell, crofs the way, confifts of two parts feparated by a court-yard of about fifty feet by feventeen. Each part has two rooms on the ground floor, and two chambers. Total eight rooms, about eighteen feetfquarej windows to the court-yard ; no chimnies. The Court being quite out of fight of the Keeper's houfe, he does not fufFer Prifoners to ufe it; nor E e e the 394 SOMERSETSHIRE. Western Circuit. the pump in it. They have no water but what is handed to them ; and all the rooms are very dirty. Little or no ftraw : no employ- ment. Keeper's Salary lately raifed from ^20 to ^30. He receives the money for bread allowance, two-pence a day : but the Prifoners afllired me, that what he gave them from his own loaf was far fhort of two penny-worth. In Dec. 1775 there was an acquitted Woman Prifoner detained for Fees 3s. 6d. Thofe- Fees were paid, and the Prifoner was releafed. — Claufes of the Aft againft Spirituous Liquors igup. 1774, Aug. 23, Prifoners 6, 1775, Dec. 8, - - - 5, 1776, -— 16, - - - 7. BATH CITY GAOL. The afcent to this Prifon, lately built in a meadow which is fome- times overflowed, is by a fine flight of Steps. On the ground-floor is the Keeper's kitchen &c. and fome rooms for Petty Offenders. Above are three ftories ; five rooms on each : one or two of them ufed by the Keeper : the reft for Debtors ; one bed in a room, in which if two Prifoners fleep, they pay two fliillings a week each ; if one has it to himfelf he pays two fliillings and fix pence a week. Two rooms on the fecond ftory are a free ward -, on tlie upper floor is their work-ftiop. There is a court-yard with ofFenfive fewers too near thehoufe. — Keeper a Sheriff's Officer : no Salary : Fees, if from the Court of Confcience 3s. 6d. thefe Debtors are cleared in thir- teen weeks paying thofe Fees : Debtors for large fums 7s. 8d. no Table. Western Circuit. SOMERSETSHIRE. 595 Table. Licence for beer. Allowance, to Debtors, none ; to Offenders 1^. a day : no ftraw. Claufes of Aft againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. — The City will perhaps appoint a Chaplain and a Surgeon. Debtors. Offenders. 1774, Aug. 6, 16 - - 2, i775> Dec. 12, 14 - - I, 1776, 16, II - - 0, Delerters 3 BRIDGEWATER TOWN GAOL. Only one middle fized room : and one of the two windows flopped up. In this room at Midfummer Quarter Seffions 1774 were fliut up twenty feven Prifoners. At Summer Affize the lame year, thirteen ; two of them. Women. Afllze generally lafts from Monday to Sa- turday. The Keeper's mother complained to me of the confufion and diftrefs occafioned by confining Prifoners thus for fo long a time. She faid there were but few, at any time, who could pay for beds, and feparate rooms. 1774, Sep. 10, Prifoners none. Eee2 COUNTY 396 YORKSHIRE. Northern Circuit. COUNTY GAOL, YORK CASTLE. GAOLER, I'homas Wharton; no'fi William Clayton. Salary, none. Fees, Debtors, ^/^o : 8 : 8, Felons, 0:9:6, AdmifTion, 0:3:4. Tranfports, ^^lo : 10 : o each. Licence, for Beer and Wine. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors,certifiedbytheirParini, 7 a fix-penny loaf Felons, - - - - j each on Tuefday andFriday (weight, Nov. i"]"] 4, ^Ib* loz.). Garnifh, cancelled in 1774. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Jan. 25, no - 33, Nov. 3, 49 - 30, 1776, Jan. 26, 89 - 44, Sep. 21, 38 - 32. CHAPLAINS, Rev. Mr. Peacock, and Rev. Mr. Bridges. Duty— Mr. Peacock Monday, Tuefday, Wednefday, Thurfday; and from Lady -day to Michaelmas, Sunday. Mr. Bridges a Sermon on Friday. Salary, Mr. Peacock £^0 from the County; Mr. Bridges £1^ from a Legacy. Not in the Lift. SURGEON, Mr. Stilingfleet. Salar)', ^40 for Debtors and Felons. YORK Northern Circuit. YORKSHIRE. 397 YORK CASTLE, IN THE SPACIOUS AREA is a noble Prifon for Debtors, which Remarks. does honour to the County. You afcend by a fine flight of (lone fteps to a floor on which are eleven rooms, full fixteen feet fquare, near twelve feet high. Above them is the fame number of rooms : one or two of thefe, for Common-fide Debtors. The rooms are airy and healthy. On the ground-floor are the Gaoler's apartments &c. The Felons court-yard is down five fl:eps : it is too fmall, and has no water : the pump is juft on the outfide of the palifades. The day-room for men is only twenty-fix feet by eight : in it are three cells : in another place nine cells : and three in another. The cells are in general about feven feet and a half by fix and a half, and eight and a half high ; clofe and dark ; having only either a hole over the door about four inches by eight, orfome perforations in the door of about an inch diameter : not any of them to the open air, but into paflages or entries. In moft of thefe cells three Prifoners are locked up at night ; in winter for fourteen to fixteen hours : ftraw on the ■ ftone floors ; no b^dfl:eads. There are four condemned rooms about feven feet fquare. — A fewer in one of the paiTages often makes thefe parts of the Gaol very off"enfive ; and I cannot fay they are clean. Indeed a clean Prifon is fcarcely ever feen, where the Water is to be brought in by the Gaoler's fervants. The next houfe to the Cafl:le- gate, and others in the neighbourhood, have river-water laid in at a moderate expenfe. Women-felons are kept quite feparate : they have two court- yards, but no water : you go down four fl:eps to their two rooms, a day and a night room. Their condemned room is in another part of the Gaol : near it is a room to confine Debtors who do not behave well. The 398 YORKSHIRE. Northern Circuit. • YORK The Infirmary near the gate is only one middle-fized room. CASTLE. When Prifoners of one fex are there, thofe of the other are excluded. A fick man was kept out for that reafon when I was there. At Affize fome Prifoners appear in Court on their trial in the County-cloathing.* The County pays one John Sherwood ^lo a year to infpeft and weigh the Bread, and deliver it to the Prifoners. He conflantly at- tends for this purpofe on Tuefday and Friday. Transports convifted at Quarter Sefilons have, befides the bread allowance, one fhilling a week. Thofe caft at Affize have the King's Allowance of 2s. 6d. a week. There is a grand Shire-Hall in the Caftle yard almoft finifhed. I hope the Gentlemen of this great County will not ftop there ; but proceed to build a proper Prifon for Felons ; in which Boys may be feparated from Old Offenders, and the other Inconveniences of the prefent Gaol avoided. o Yorkflnre. /^RDERS and FEES fettled by the Juftices of the Peace of the feveral Ridings of the County of York and confirmed by the Juftices of Affize— which are to be ob- ferved and kept by the Gaoler— and all Prifoners— until the fame fhall be Legally altered. C. S. D. Firft That every Knight ihall pay for his weekly Commons T at Table if he eats with them — — j ■3-4 For his Fee if committed by Warrant on a Civil Aftion o : 13 14 Every Efquire for his Commons at table weekly if he eats ~\ . , , ^ o : 10 : 4 • with them — — — 3 For his Fee if committed by Warrant on a Civil Aftion o ; 10 : 4 See a more judicious practice, page 312. Every YORK CASTLE. Northern Circuit. YORKSHIRE. 399 £. S. D. Every Gentleman for his Commons at table weekly if he T eats with them — — — ^ . . o For his Fee if committed by Warrant on a Civil Aftion o : 8:0 Ei'cry Yeoman, Tradefman or Artificer for his Weekly i Commons at table if he eats with them — J ' For his Fee if committed by Warrant on a Civil Aftion o : 3:4 And it is further ordered that every Knight fhall pay ) nightly for his bed — — — j ' ' Every Efquire for the fame — — 0:0:6 Every Gentleman for the fame — — 0:0:4 Every Yeoman Tradefman or Artificer for the fame o : 0:2 And that when the Gaoler lodgeth two or more Prifoners in one bed they fhall pay for their lodgings amongft them after the rates above ^ And every Prifoner who provides his own bed and bedding fhall have a room afligned fuitable to his or their quality and Ihall pay nothing for the fame And that upon the Difcharge of a Debtor if there be feveral T Adlions againft him the Gaoler Ihall take no more f o : 6:8 than one Fee and that to be — — J And upon the Difcharge of every Debtor to the Turnkeys - and no more — — — > o . 2 . o And that every Prifoner fhall have liberty to provide and fend for viftuals drink and other neceffaries from any place whatfoever at all feafonable times for their own proper ufe only and not to fell the fame. And every Prifoner committed from the Bar by the Judge"] or Judges of Aflize and Gaol Delivery in the Aflize > o : 2:0 week fhall pay'for their Commitment Fee only J And every Perfon committed to the Gaol for fufpicion"1 of Felony, or for Mifdemeanor, if upon his or her j trial he or (he fhall be found not guilty and be there- }► o : 6:8 upon difcharged, fhall pay to the Gaoler for his | Difcharging Fee — — — J And to the Turnkeys — — — 0:2:0 And 400 YORKSHIRE. Northern Circuit. £. s. D. YORK And that every Perfon conviaed or attainted of Felony"] CASTLE. or found guilty of a Mifdemeanor which fliall be re- I prieved and difcharged by Pardon Ihall pay to the | Gaoler for his Difcharging Fee — — J And to the Turnkey — — — 0:2:0 And every Perfon that Ihall appear upon Recognizance for") fufpicion of Felony and is thereupon committed to I Gaol and fhall not be indifted but acquitted by Pro- 1 clamation, fliall be difcharged paying to the Gaoler J And all others that fliall be committed to Gaol before the"] Aflizes or Gaol-Delivery and fliall not be indi£led I tut acquitted by Proclamation be difcharged paying 1 to the Gaoler — — — J Torkjhire, to wit. At the Affizes — held at the Caftle of York — 14th July 1735 — the 9th of George 11. before the Honourable Alexander Denton Efquire one of his Majefty's Juftices of the Court of Common Pleas, and the Honourable William Lee Efquire one of his Majefty's Juftices of the Court of King's Bench,— -Afllgned to deliver the faid Gaol— thefe Orders and Fees, were allowed and approved of by — alex denton wm lee 2'orkjljire Eaft Riding John Grimston •D T> North Riding of Torkjhire Ramsden Barnard ° ■' Tho. Grimston John Dodsworth John Milbanke Weft Riding of Torkfhire Geo Nelthorpe N Hawey John Wastell An Northern Circuit. YORKSHIRE. An account of the charity given to the Prifoners in his Majefty's Gaol the Cajile of York. f S D The Lady ia»j/fj,, to be given yearly on St, Thomas's da>0 and paid by the Lord Mayor of York J ^ ' 7 = ° The Honourable and ancient City of r«/-.f weekly in bread o: 2:6 Mrs. Frances ThornhiJl for ftraw, the Lord Mayor of I'ork ■) •^35 j^30 in his hands for tliat purpofe f l : 10 : o Dr. Phineas Hodgefion paid weekly in rolls to all that heari fermons — r o : 2 : o Alderman White'% bread by the name of Sivain^ bread,-) paid out of a clofe belonging to John Legg, quarter- ^ i : 6 • o ly 6i. 6d. — _ _ 3 ' Mr. 5 Prifoners j. EAST Northern Circuit. YORKSHIRE. EAST-RIDING, BEVERLEY. On the ground-floor three Cnall night-rooms ; and a new work-room with a chimney : above, four rooms for thofe that pay. In the court-yard not only a pump, but a ciftern of rain-water. Coals two chaldron and a half a year. No ftraw : no employment. The Keeper has been in his office above forty years : Salary ^^30 : Fees 4s. no Table. 1774, Nov. 2, Prifoners 2, 1776, Jan. 28, - - I, Sep. 21, - - 2. At BEVERLEY are alfo the TOWN GAOL. It has on the ground-floor two rooms not fronting the ftreet, for Men-criminals : and above, a room for Women ; and two for Debtors. No water : no ftraw. Keeper's Salary j^3 : Fees 4s. no Table. Licence for Beer. Debtors. Criminals. 1774, Nov. 2, I - None, 1776, Jan. 28, 2 - None, Sep. 21, I - I. HALL-GARTH for debtors, in the Liberty of St. John's of Beverley: Property of Charles Anderjon Pelham, Efq. built a few years fince, has over the Hall five fizeable rooms ; two of them have fire-places. No court-yard: no water. Fees 4s. 2d. no Table. I have a lifl: of 113 Towns or Parts of Towns, that are within the Liberty of St. John's of Beverley or Beverley-Hall-Garth. 1774, Nov. 2, Prifoners 2, 1776, Jan. 28, - - None, Sep. 21, - - None. Fff2 YORK 403 404 YORKSHIRE. Northern Circuit. YORK CITY AND COUNTY GAOL. GAOLER, ^lintiti Ackam j now Francis Meggefon. Salary, none: he pays ;^io : lo : o ayear to the Under-SherifF. Fees, Debtors, ^0:6:4, Felons, 0:7:8. Tranfports, probably the fame as at the Caftle. Licence, for Beer and Wine. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none but Legacies. (See Remarks.) Felons, of late, two fix-penny loaves a week each (weight in Nov. 1774, ^Ib. zoz.). Garnifh, ^^o : 7 : o. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Jan. 25, II - - 7, Nov. 3, 5 - - ,, 1776, Jan. 26, 9 - - 3> Sep. 21, 10 - - 2, and 2 Deferters. CHAPLAIN, None. SURGEON, Mr. JVallis, occafionally. Remarks. THIS GAOL upon Oufe-Bridgey called the Kidcots, has on one fide of the bridge four convenient chambers for Debtors, about eleven feet fquare : for thefe they pay fix pence a week. Below them is a free ward with barrack-beds j and a room to the ftrcet. At the win- dow they fell nets, purfes, laces, &c. The Northern Circuit. YORKSHIRE. 405 The Men-felons Ward on the other fide is down eleven fleps : that york adjoining, for women, down ten. The two night rooms for Men are city, each fix feet and a half by five. The night room for Women about fix feet fquare. All the rooms for Felons, are clofe and ofFenfive : no amendment fince the late Aft. The wooden door ftands open in the day time, to give them a little air. At the inner door, which is of iron grates, I have feen liquors handed to thofe who feemed to have had enough before. — No water, but when there is too much ; that is, in a very high flood \ then it flows into the rooms, — Gaoler a Sheriff's Officer for City and County. It were in vain to offer any hints of improvement. This Gaol cannot be made a good one. The Corporation pays free-ward Debtors one fhilling and two pence three farthings a week by a Legacy of Mr. Peacock. No me- morial of this in the Gaol. But there is a memorandum of another Legacy, viz. oi Elizabeth 'Taylor, who by her Will dated 2ifl: of Oftober 1580 left 3s. 4d. to be divided equally among the Prifoners in Oufe-Bridge Gaol on Lady-day. This has not been received by them for fome years. City of Tork. \ T the General Quarter Seffions— -at Guildhall — I \ 15th July— 1737 before the Right Honourable Sir John Lifter Kaye Bart. Lord Mayor — Thomas Place Efq^ . Recorder —Charles Slingby Efq^ of Counfel— Sir Tancred Robinjon Bart— &c. GAOLER'S FEES fettled and ORDERS made &c. Z- s. D. ■} And for the Difcharge of every other Aftion to him — o : i : o To For the Difcharge of every Debtor for the firft Aftion, to" the Gaoler — — _ f o : 5 : 4 4o6 YORKSHIRE. Northern Circuit. £. s. D. YORK To the Porter or Turnkey for the firft Aftion — o : i : o CITY. And for every other Aftion to him — — 0:0:6 For the Difcharge of every other perfon from the Affizes or 1 Seffions to the Gaoler — — i ' ' And to the Turnkey — — 0:1:0 For the firft weeks diet of all perfons in the upper Gaol o : 7:0 And for all further time as the Prifoner and Gaoler can agree. And the Gaoler is to permit Prifoners to provide their own diet after the firft week if the Prifoner pleafes. For Lodging if the Gaoler finds bed bedding and flieets for-> the firft night — — — 5 And for every other night — — 0:0:3 And if two lie in one bed for the firft night each — 0:0:4 And for the fecond and every other night each — 0:0:2 For lodging in the upper Gaol if the Prifoner finds his own T bed, bedding and fheets for every week — 3 ' ' If two in a bed each — — — 0:0:3 And every Prifoner (hall have liberty of finding the fame if he thinks proper. And the Gaoler ftiall have liberty if he fees occafion to have two beds in each room and no more. And it js ordered that every perfon of what degree or condition fo ever — who ftiall ufe— fwearing, curfing, railing or other indecent behaviour— fhall— -pay for every fuch offence twelve pence to the Gaoler or his deputy on demand; and on refufal — to be levied by diftrefs on goods---or flopped out of ftiare of box-money — or ftand in charge to be paid before releafe— the Fines to be diftributed at Gaokr's difcretion amongft the moft needful in the Low Gaol. Every Prifoner who attempts— or aflifts an efcape---to be ironed. Thofe who mutiny on Gaoler or Deputies — or hinder or difturb &c — to be kept in clofe confinement. On default of weekly payments aforefaid— -after demand and refufal---a Prifoner may be moved from the Maft^r's-fide— -to the Common Room, J L Kave, Mayor, T, Place Sam, Clarke, YORK Northern Circuit. YORKSHIRE. 407 YORK CITY BRIDEWELL Has a day-room for Men, and another for Women : the latter is very damp. Down four fteps are five night-rooms for Men ; and a large one, with barrack-bedfteads, for Women. The whole dirty and offenfive. No regard paid to the late Aft for preferving Health. No court-yard: no water: no fewer. Keeper's Salary ^^20 : Fees 2s. Straw twenty Ihillings a year : no bread allowance : little or no employment. 1774, Nov. 3, Prifoners 3, 1776, Jan. 26, - - I,. Sep. 20, - - 4.. St. P E T E R's gaol. For the Liberty of St. Peter of Tork, near the Minfter-gate, is the Property of the Dean ; who holds his Courts here. He has lately purchafed an adjoining Tenement for his Gaoler to live in : in con- fequence of which, the two rooms in which he lived before are added to the Debtors apartments, and they have now four rooms. Under thofe are two cells for Criminals. All out of repair, dirty and ofFen- five : no court-yard : no fewers. No allowance.. I HAVE a printed lift of Parifhes, Towns, and Parts of Towns which are in the Liberty of St. Peter. — Within the City and Ainsty nine Places: in the Eaft- Riding fixty-two; Weft- Riding forty; North-Riding fifty-one : and there is one Place in each of the follow- ing Counties, Devonfliire, Gloucefterlhire, Lancafliire, Lincolnfhire,^ Northumberland, Southampton i. e. Hants. In Nottinghamlhire feven Places. Gaoler 4o8 YORKSHIRE. Northern Circuit. Gaoler a Bailiff: no Salary. He pays Rent ^^4 : Fees 6s. 8d. no Table. 1776, Jan. 27, Debtor i, Sep. 20, - - I. RICHMOND GAOL, For the very extenfive Liberty of i?/V^wi5K^ and Richmondjhire, is the Property of Lord Holdemejs. It is alfo the Bridewell, and the Borough-Gaol. For Debtors a kitchen and bed-room> clofe glazed. For Men-criminals two dungeons down five fteps : for Women, a room above. No ftraw. Claufes of Acl againft Spirituous Liquors hung up. A Court-yard, and a Well. — Gaoler no Salary for the Liberty : for the Bridewell £13 : 10 : o: for the Borough £4.: Fees, Debtors 6s. 8d. at Entrance, and 6s. 8d. at Difcharge : Criminals i6s. 4d. Allowance to the latter four pence a day. In the Table of Fees dated 1671 and figned fF Lylde and 5jy Lyttleton, the 1 2th article is, " Every Perfon or Perfons that fliall *' be committed upon any Warrant— upon his or their Commitment " to Gaol fhall pay to the reft of the Prifoners 2s. 4d. for their " GARNISH." 1776, Oft. 26, Debtors 6. RIPPON LIBERTY-GAOL, Is the Property of the Archbifliop, by a Charter from King Edward IV. His Court adjoining, is called the Court Military. The Liberty includes twenty-four Parifhes. For Debtors four or five good Northern Circuit. YORKSHIRE. good rooms in the Keeper's houfe : but no free ward. For Felons one ftrong room quite dark j another with a little window. Keeper no Salary J he pays Rent: he is a Bailiff. Fees, Debtors 15 s. 4d. no Tabic : Licence for Beer. 1776, 0(5b, 26, Debtors 2. RIPPON GAOL, For the Canon-Fee Court, belongs to the Dean and Chapter of Rippon. It is not only a Gaol for that Court, but a Houfe of Cor- reftion for the Liberty. Good rooms for Debtors, but no free ward. The Bridewell part, two dark rooms, about eight feet fquare. No Salary as Gaoler; as Keeper of Bridewell j^io : 10 : o. Fees, Debtors 13s. 4d. no Table: Licence for Beer. Keeper a Bailiff. 1776, Oft. 26, No Prifoners. KNARESBOROUGH PRISON, For debtors, in the Honour or Foreft of Knarejborongh^ the Liberty including nineteen Townftiips &c. is the Property of the Yixi^t <:>{ Devonjhire, LefTee to his majesty. It is almoft the only Remains of a ruinous Caftle granted by King Edward III. to 'John of Gaunt Duke oi Lancafter. One room about twelve feet fquare, an- other within it about eight : in the latter no window. — No fewer : no fire-place : no water. Keeper lately dead ; was a BailifFi lived diftant. 1776, Od, 26, . No Prifoners. G g g KNARES- 409 4IO YORKSHIRE. Northern Circuit. KNARESBOROUGH PRISON, For town debtors, is under the Hall. Of difficult accefs ; the door about four feet from the ground. Only one room, about four- teen feet by twelve. Earth floor : no fire-place : very ofFenfive ; a common fewer from the town running through it uncovered. I was informed that an Officer, confined here fome years fince, for only a few days, took in with him a dog to defend him from vermin ; but the dog was foon deftroyed, and the Prifoner's face much disfigured by them. 1776, Oft. i6. No Prifoners. KNARESBOROUGH TOWN GAOL Is under the landing-place between two flights of ft:one fteps, that lead on the right and left hand up to the Hall. Only one room about eight feet by five : two windows eighteen inches by fix. — I mention this fmall Prifon, becaufe in it are fometimes confined for one night or two at Quarter Seffions fix or fcven Prifoners, men and 'to women 1776, Oft. 26, No Prifoners. DONC ASTER TOWN GAOL. Four good rooms. No yard: no water: no fewer. Keeper lives dillant. 177 5j Jan. 5, Prifoners 2. LEEDS Northern Circuit. YORKSHIRE. 411 LEEDS TOWN GAOL. Four good rooms, and a fmall one. No court-yard : no water : no fewer. Keeper lives diftant. 1774, Nov. 4,7 1776, Jan. 12,5 No Prifoners. KINGSTON UPON HULL TOWN and COUNTY GAOL. The Debtors free ward is a large room. Over it one as large, and over that another fmaller, both for Criminals. The ground-room is a damp dungeon : but the Gaoler, who has a charafter for humanity, afTured me that no one had been confined in it for many years. In his houfe adjoining is a room or two with beds, for thofe who pay. Leads for Debtors to walk on : no court-yard : no water accelTible to Prifoners : no fewer ; and the Felons rooms are offenfive. Gaoler no Salary : Fees 8 s. no Table. Allowance to Felons three pence a day. Gaol-Delivery once in three years *. Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Nov. I, 5 - o, 1776, Jan. 29, 6-3, Sep. 21, 4-5. KINGSTON UPON HULL BRIDEWELL. Two rooms below, and two up flairs, about twelve feet fquare : very offenfive : no fire-place. Court-yard only twenty-two feet by * See page 31. G g g 2 ten i 412 YORKSHIRE. Northern Circuit. ten ; not fecure, and Prifoners not permitted to go to the pump : no fewer : no allowance : no ftraw. Not white-walhcd fince it was built about nine years ago. Debtors from the Court of Confcience fent hither. The Prifoners pound tile-fherds to mix in mortar &c. Keeper's Salary ^^5 ; a chaldron of coals ; and four thoufand turfs : Fees as. 6d. 00 Table. 1774, Nov. I, Prifoners 2,- 1776, Jan. 29, - - - 5, ■ Sep. 21, - - - o, . every time a poor raving Lunatic. SHEFFIELD GAOL, For the Liberty o( Hallamjhire, is the Property of the Duke of Norfolk. The two lower rooms are free wards : there are two rooms over them. The court-yard is only about ten feet fquare. Both this and the Prifon might be enlarged on ground adjacent that belongs to his Grace. Keeper no Salary : he rents of' the Duke a public-houife joining to the Prifon. 1776, Jan. lO, Prifoners 6, Oft. 28, - - - 4. SHEFFIELD TOWN GAOL. The Lobbys are two fmall rooms, the Jargeft only about eight feet fquare, and fix high. When Quarter SefTions for the IVeJi-Riding are held at this Town, Offenders are locked up in this Prifon., 1776, Oft. 28, Dcferter i. ROTHWELL Northern Circuit. YORKSHIRE. 413 ROTH WELL PRISON For the Manor of Wakefield in the Liberty of the Honour of PoyitefraSl in the Dutchy Court of Lancafter, is out of repair. A new Prifon is lately built at BAT LEY. Behind a Houfe for the Keeper is the Prifon. Plan rectangular : the Front is tjie wall and gate. On three fides are Lodging -rooms for Debtors; five or fix about ten feet Jquare ; four much larger for two beds in each. Two Day-rooms j two work-rooms ; and a dark room for the unruly. There are in a Jeparaie Court two rooms for Women-debtors : a provifion very kind and prudent, and, I believe, peculiar to this Prifon. — All the Prifon rooms are on the ground floor. In the old Prifon at Rothwell, I faw both times I was there, one William Carr a weaver : he had given a bad name to a woman who was faid not to deferve a very good one : fiie cited him to the Eccle- fiaftical Court; and he was imprifoned 4th of May 1774. He had a wife and three children. — I will tranfcribe a line or two of the Warrant. — " For as much as the Royal Power ought not to be want- " ing to the Holy Church in its Complaints — attach the faid W. C. " —until he fhall have made fatisfaftion to the Holy Church as well " for the Contempt as for the Injury by him done unto it." He was difcharged 26th July laft by the Infolvent Aft^ The Keeper has no Salary. Fees fee Table. Prifoners 25,, „ , „. ^ ' Rothwell. ^IIA, Nov. 4. 1776, Jan. 2i% oa. 27> :;( - 22, 4, Bat ley. I WISH i3^ YORRSHIRE. Northexx CixcriT. I «Tsa oir Reader be nos di«d «gtii lb wsucf TjUcs of Fees ^"vn fer (Sk CoaDties. Tc - without admitting of a bedfellow in every week 3 Ont of which Abatement fhall be made. For ■1 Northern Circuit. DURHAM. 410 £• s. D. ForeveiyPrifoner that findeth his own bedding bedcloaths and ) iheets and admitting a bedfellow with him every week 5 ' ' '^ u HAM. For DIET of Prifoners. Item For every Knight for every week — — o ; lo : o ' Of every Efquire or Gentleman not exceeding for -i ° f o : 7 : 6 every week — — — J Item Of every Yeoman Artificer or Labourer not exceeding j weekly — — — j For Wine Ale and Brandy at the common rates ufed in the Town. For LIBERATES or Final Difcharges of Prifoncrs 1- 10 Item For attendance of every Prifoner that goeth abroad 7 into the Town every time — — j For every Knight Efquire or Gentleman for his final i Difcharge and Enlargement only — j rer for fuch Dif- ") - - i ° For every Yeoman Artificer or Labourer for fuch Dif- charge only — 9 Item For the Difcharge of every Prifoner upon procefs or order from the Court of Chancery For the firft Liberate — — o Item For every Knight Efquire or Gentleman for the fecond ■) Ditto — — _ 3 ° For every one more — — 0:1:6 Item For every Yeoman Artificer or Labourer for the firft o : 8:8 For the fecond — — — o • 3 : O For every one more — — 0:1:6 FEES to the Under Keeper and Door Keeper Tho Burdus Jo^ MORLAND Mic Brabin Hen'' Foster Mayor XjiLEs Rayne : H h h a We 420 DURHAM. Northern Circuit. DURHAM. We Sir Francis Page Knight one of the Juflices of his Majefty's Court of King's Bench and Sir Barn. Hale Knight one of the Barons of his Majefty's Court of Exchequer at Weftminfter now Juftices of Affize for the Northern Circuit have reviewed the above Table of Fees and have thought fit to moderate the Item or Article of two fliillings a week for Lodging with a Bedfellow in any other Chamber except the Common Chamber to be paid by each Pri- foner, and inftead thereof do appoint one fhilling and fix pence fer week to be paid by each Prifoner fo lodging with a Bedfellow which faid Table with fuch alteration is hereby Confirmed by us Dated the 2d day of Auguft 1729 F PAGE B HALE COUNTY BRIDEWELL at DURHAM. Several fizeable aiiy rooms. Men and women feparate. No employment : no water : no fewer : no court-yard ; but the Keeper Mr. Watfon has a Garden which he lets for a guinea a year. His Salary ;^30. He lives at the High Gaol j and puts in a Woman to take care of this Prifon. I775> J^'^- 6, Prifoners 5, 1776, Jan. 14, - - 7, ---- Oa. 25, - - 6. NEWCASTLE Northern Circuit. NEWCASTLE upon TYNE. 421 NEWCASTLE TOWN and COUNTY GAOL. GAOLER, John Crofter; novj 'Thomas Harle, Salary, ^^50, and ^2 Gown-money. Fees, Debtors, j{^o : 10 : 8, Felons, o : 14 : 4. Tranfports, only Expenfe. Licence, none at my lad vifit. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, two pence a day, on petition. Felons, two pence a day. Garnifli, lately cancelled. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, March 21, 6-2, 1775' Jan. 8, 12 - 4, 1776, Jan. 15, 14 - 3. CHAPLAINS, Rev. Mr. Br union, and Rev. Mr. Brand. Duty — On Sunday none; but on two other days Prayers: and once a month Sermon. None of the days fixed. The Chaplains officiate alternately a month each. Salary, ^10 the Corporation, and ^10 Sir Walter Blacket, SURGEON, Mr. Bacon. Salary, none : he makes a Bill. IN THIS NEWGATE, which is the Gate at the upper end of Remarks. the Town, all the rooms except the condemned room are up flairs, and 422 NEWCASTLE. Northern Circuit. N E v/- and airy : I always found them remarkably clean, ftrewed with fand c^STLS. ^j,_ 'j-pjg Corporation allow botli Debtors and Felons firing and candles in plenty : and every Prifoner hath a chaff-bed, two blankets, and a coverlid : Debtors are not thus accommodated in any other Prifon in England. They alio allow brooms, mops, and all fuch neceffaries. I copied the fums generoufly allowed for thofe articles ; the whole amount is ^45 : i : 4 per annum. This is one of the very ' few Gaols that have what is called in London the rules. Part of two Streets near the Gaol is in the Prilbn-Liberty. ' There is no yard : but one might be made of the vacant ground that lies Weft of the Gaol. A Door fliould be cut in the wall be- tween the Felons Ward and the room ufed for a Chapel. It would not then be neceiTary for them to come out and crofs the ftreet, as they do now. The Debtors Beds are in Clofets, which ftiould be taken down. Inftead of them Iron Bedfteads fhould be placed in the Wards, as in fome Hofpitals. No Prifoners here have Fetters, unlefs they be riotous. For fome years paft, Prifoners acquitted have been difcharged in Court. The Corporation paid the Gaoler's Fees if the Prifoners were poor. — Gaol-Delivery once a year. — Claufes of Aft againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. I WAS concerned when I heard at my laft vifit that the humane Gaoler Mr. Crafter was dead. But his SuccefTor Mr. Harle is equally worthy of the Truft. Dr. Rotheram, a Phyfician in this Town, vifits the Prifoners very afliduoufly without Fee or Reward. This is the only inftance of the kind I have met %vith. An Northern Circuit. NEWCASTLE. 423 An exaft Copy of the RATES and FEES to be from henceforth new- Received by— the Gaoler or Keeper of his Majefty's Gaol— castle. called Newgate within this Town o{ Newcafile iifon Tyne—^tttltd. — at the General Quarter Seffions held at Guild-hall in Newcaftle aforefaid, on the 15 of July Ann"- Dom"' 1730. And approved of at the Affize following by Francis Page and John Forte/cue A two of his faid Majefty's Judges of Affize According to an Ad of Parliament lately made (viz) Every Prifoner upon any Civil Aftion fhall pay to tke' Keeper at his firft coming in — — 3 ° ' ^ Every Prifoner charged by Procefs or Proceffes out of the") Court of Record held before the Mayor and Sheriff of j the faid Town of Ncjuca/fle upon Tyne refpeftively ^ o : 6 fhall pay to the faid Keeper upon his Difcharge from j the faid Procefs or Protefles only — J Every Prifoner charged upon any Execution or Executions') out of the Court of Confcience held within the faid I Town Ihall pay to the faid Keeper upon his Difcharge | ° ' ^ from the faid Elxecution or Executions — J Every Prifoner on any Criminal Account or Accounts^ whatfoever fliall pay unto the faid Keeper upon his > o : 13 Difcharge only — — —J Every Perfon appearing upon a Recognizance at the Aflizes~| and afterwards tried upon any Indiftment or Indiift- I ments whatfoever and Ihall be committed thereon Ihall pay to tie faid Keeper upon his Difcharge — J }-o S. D. Every ^24 NEWCASTLE. Northern Circuit. £. s. D. uaoiT - 5° = Every Prifoner fliall pay to the Turnkey of the faid Gaol • T ?■ o : 1 : o CASTLE. or Prifon upon his Difcharge — Confirmed by us Henry Reay Mayor John Isaacson Recorder Richard Ridley -i W" Ellison 1 Francis Rudston ^Aldermen Nathanael Clayton Stephen Coulson We do approve of this Table of Fees July 27. 1730 FRANCIS PAGE ^ JOHN FORTESCUE A \^" ^' THERE ARE also at NEWCASTLE A BRIDEWELL. A room for men j another for women. No yard : no water. Prifoners at work. 1775, Jan. 8, Prifoners i, 1776, Jan. 15, - - 5. A SMALL GAOL, consisting of three clofe dirty rooms. No court-yard : no water. 1775, J'"''- ^J Prifoners 2, . 1776, Jan. 15, - - I. COUNTY Northern Circuit. NORTHUMBERLAND. 425 COUNTY GAOL at MORPETH. GAOLER, John Kent. Salary, none. Fees, Debtors, ^^o : I2 : 6, Felons, 1:3:0. Tranfports, only Expenfes, Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none but on applying to Juftices. Felons, two pence a day each, paid mce a month. Garnifh, ^^o : i : 4. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, March 22, 8 - - 8, 1775, Jan. 9, 6 - - 7, 1776, Jan, 16, 9 - - II. CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Nichol/on. Duty— Sunday, Tuefday, Friday, Salary, ;^io, and ^^5 for condemned Felons i lately raifed to £30- SURGEON, Mr. Leidman. Salary, none: he makes a Bill, lii MORPETH. 426 NORTHUMBERLAND. Northern Circuit. MORPETH. Remarks. ONLY one Court-yard, which is for Debtors. Some commo- dious rooms have been lately built for them; the old ones being out of repair. — Felons are always locked within doors. In the Women's room I faw (Jan. 1776) two ; who, the Gaoler faid, were caft for Tranfportation ; one in Sep. 1773, the other in Nov. 1774. The term of their punilliment was lengthened by all this Time. Of the other two rooms, generally appropriated to Men-felons, one is a Day-room, the other an offenfive Dungeon. In the latter were three Tranfports, who upon/u/picion o( intending an Efcape were chained to the floor. — They have not the King's allowance of 2s. 6d. a week. Gaol-delivery once a year. AfTize held at Ne-Lvcaftle, whither Prifoners are conveyed ; and men and women confined together, commonly a whole week, in a dirty damp Dungeon down fix fteps in the Old Caftle. The County has for fome years paid the Gaoler's Fees for acquit- ted Prifoners, if poor : and cloathed fuch Tranfports as were quite indigent. The Debtors Court-yard fhould be allotted to Felons : and one for Debtors might be taken from the Gaoler's fpacious Garden. Clauses of Ad againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. The following Table of Fees is hung up in a frame and glazed. TABLE Northern Circuit. NORTHUMBERLAND. 427 TABLE OF FEES &c. Settled and Allowed to be due morpeth. to the Keeper of his Majefty's Gaol at Morpeth— hj the Juftices — at the Quarter Seflions— held — at Hexham ITS9' Commitment Fees. Every Debtor ;^o : i : 4 Every Felon £0 : z : i Chamber-Rents. £. S. D. To the room called the Green Room with one bed in it and i if only one perfon will have it to himfelf, to pay weekly j ° • 2 . o If two Perfons therein to pay each — — 0:1:6 To the room called Burton's Room having two beds, and "J the Gaoler finding bedding and linnen, each perfon to > o : pay weekly — — — J But if one will have a bed is to pay — — o : To the little Green Room having one bed and if one perfon •, o : 7:0 perion 1 will have it to himfelf he is to pay weekly If two therein only to pay each — — 0:1:6 The Gaoler finding good and wholefome bedding To the room called the Fencing Room with three beds and ■> the Gaoler finding wholefome linen each perfon to pay > o : 1:0 o To the little room called Mrs. Carr's Room the Gaoler T t ° • finding beds and linen each perfon is to pay weekly j If the Prifoner finds the bedding — — 0:0:6 To a room called Mr. Johnfon's Room; being on the") fame floor, the Gaoler finding bed and linen each r o : 1:0 perfon to pay — — — -^ If they find their own beddbg, only — — 0:0:6 I i i 2 There 428 NORTHUMBERLAND. Northern Circuit. C s. D. ich) to: 0:0 MORPETH. There is a large room that Prifoners pay nothing for, which holds a great many beds, called the Middle Tower Every Z)i'^/or upon his Difcharge to pay to the Gaoler — o : 10 : 2 To the Turnkey — — —0:1:0 Every Felon on his Difcharge — — — 0:18:4. To the Turnkey ~ — — 0:2:0 Jn° . Orde Step. Watson W". Ward. COUNTY BRIDEWELL at MORPETH. The three Rooms are clofe and dirty. Over the way is a large room which is a warehoufe and work-fhop : and above it another work-fliop. The Keeper, a Clothier, employs his Prifoners ; the Men and Boys from eight o'Clock to four at two ftiillings a week : Women from eight to five at one fliilling and fix pence a week. He gives them alfo firing. No County Allowance. — His Salary /30 : no Fees. ^775j J^"- 9> Prifoners 2, 1776, Jan. 16, - - - 8. BERWICK. Northern Circuit. BERWICK upon TWEED. 429 BERWICK*. GAOLER, John Richard/on. Salary, ;^i6. Fees, Debtors, Freemen 1 none. Felons, Debtors, not free, ^0:1:6. Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, Freemen, four pence a day. Ditto, not free, 1 , , ^ , S- two pence halfpenny a day, Garnifli, ^^0:1:0. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c, 1776, Jan. 17, 5 - - 2. CHAPLAIN, None. SURGEON, None; but on application to the Magiftrates. THIS GAOL is part of the grand Town-Hall, which was built Remarks. in 1754, and has a fine Steeple : the only one in the Town. The rooms on the ground floor are damp and Prifoners are not put into them, but over the Hall, where is a long room, or gallery, and feven other rooms, fizeable, but dirty. No court-yard : no water. Claufes of Aft againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. The Gaoler keeps a Public-houfe, diftant. He told me he went to the Gaol thrice a day ; at nine, one, and eight. * This place, though a diftinft }urifdiftion, in none of the Circuits, is inferted here, rather than at the end of the Englilh and Welch Counties, becaufe its fituation gives it a natural conneftion with the laft-mentioned Countjr, and it falls in here in the order of my journey through the northern part of the kingdom. COUNTY 430 CUMBERLAND. Northern Circuit. COUNTY GAOL at CARLISLE. GAOLER, Brathwaite Atkinjon. Salar)', ^fii. Fees, Debtors, irs,7 Felons, • '"^ " Tranfports, {^ i each to Whitehaven. Licence for Beer. The Tap let. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, on applying to the Juftices fome obtain a fhilling a week, fome nine pence. Felons, nine pence a week before conviftion ; a fhilling after, Garnifli, ^o : i : o. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, March 23, 49 " " 4> 1776, Jan. 20, a9 - - 7, Sep. 19, 15 - - 2. CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Parish. Duty — Sunday, Wednefday, Friday; firfl: Sunday in the Month, Sermon. Salary, ^^20. SURGEON, Mr. Losh. Salary, f^i : 2:0 for Attendance. Medicines paid for by Bill. CARLISLE. Northern Circuit. CUMBERLAND. 43^ CARLISLE. THE COURT fpacious, eighty-five yards by thirty-fixj but Remarks. common to all Prifoners. In it a Chapel, built, by the date upon it> 1734- Five rooms for Mafter's-fide Debtors; and as many on t- the Common-fide. Mofl of the latter are large, but have windows to the ftreet. As there are fo many rooms, the not feparating men and women is inexcufable. The Wards for Felons are two rooms down a flep or two : dark and dirty. One of them, the Day-room, has a window to the ftreet ; through which Spirituous Liquors and Tools for Mifchief may be eafily conveyed : but the laft time I faw it, there was a fhutter and padlock to it. The Night-room is only eleven feet by nine. No Infirmary. Tranfports have not the King's allowance of is. 6d. a week. Claufes of Aft againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. Gaol-Del iveiy once a year. The Gaol-Fever, which forne years ago carried off many of the Prifoners, did not deter Mr. Farijh from vifiting the fick every day. Few Gaols have fo many convenient rooms for Common-fide Debtors. It is the more remarkable here, becaufe there is no 'Table figned by the Magiftrates to particularize the Free Wards. Some Gaolers avail themfelves of fuch a Circumftance, and demand rent for rooms which were undoubtedly defigned for Common-fide Prifoners. CARLISLE 432 CUMBERLAND. Northern Circuit. CARLISLE CITY GAOL, Over the Scotch-Gate. Only one ruinous room about twenty- feet fquare ; with a window four feet by one and a half. No allow- ance but a very fmall quantity of peat taken as a toll upon that com- modity, and water brought twice a day. I WAS told that many a poor Traveller from the North who by fome Calamity had contrafted an unavoidable debt of forty (hillings, has been confined at a diftance from his Friends in this Prilbn where there is no Provifion, nor any means of procuring it. 1776, Jan. 20,. Debtors 3, Sep. 19, - - I. COUNTY BRIDEWELL at COCKERMOUTM Is behind the Keeper's Houfe, and part of it his Freehold. A room on the ground-floor, the Strong Room. Up flairs another room ; and a clofet called the Lunatic Room. All out of repair, and infecure : and fo is the Court-yard. No allowance : no flraw : no water. Keeper's Salary or Rent ;^20 : no Fees. 1776, Sep. 18, Prifoners none. WHITEHAVEN TOWN GAOL Is part of the Work-houfe. Two Rooms up flairs ; and a Dun- geon in which they ufed to confine Tranfports brought hither to be fliipped. All dirty and offenfive, 1776, Sep. 18, Prifoners none. COUNTY Northern Circuit. WESTMORLAND. 433 COUNTY GAOL at APPLEBY. GAOLER, Benjamin Ainjley. Salary-, ;^io. (See Remarks.) Fees, Debtors, ' >rs,7 s, i ^- telons, Tranfports, a Ihilling a mile each to Whitehaven, Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. Felons, four pence a day each. Garnifh, ;^o : i : o. Nunnber of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, March 24, 7 " " 4> 1776, Jan. 22, 3 - - o> Sep. i9> 3 - - 3- CHAPLAIN, None. SURGEON, None. THIS GAOL was built by the County. The Earl oUhdnet is Remarks. Hereditary Sheriff, and pays the Gaoler his Salary. Happily for the Prifoners in a Gaol fo circumftanced, the prefent Gaoler is a man of temper and humanity. At page 41 I complained of this Prifon being within reach of Floods: but in Jan. 1776 there was a new Building on the higheft part of the Yard. It confifts of four vaulted Wards for Felons, fifteen feet by thirteen ; a window in each, but no chimney : and over them three good rooms with chimneys, for Debtors. Gaol-delivery once a year. — No Table of Fees. Kkk COUNTY 434 WESTMORLAND. Northern Circuit. COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. APPLEBY. Two rooms : each has a fmall window into a flable t fubjeft to floods, — No allowance but ftraw. Keeper's Sala- ry ^8 : no Fees. 1776. Jan. 22, No Prifoners. Sep. 19, No Prifoners. KENDAL. Only one roona for Men and Women eighteen feet by twelve and a half, with one window about two feet fquare : no chin:iney : no yard : no water : no fewer. The Keeper has a garden : Salary ^6:10: no Fees. — The Town fometimes commits Prifoners hither and allows them fix pence a day 5 the County, four pence. 1776, Jan. 23, Prifoners 3, two Men, one Woman.. Sept. 18, _ - - I Deferter. KENDAL TOWN GAOL. Only two Dungeons, called Black Holes : fourteen fteps under ground. No yard : no water : no ftraw. Allowance fix pence a day. The two Town Sergeants keep the Prifon by turns ; a week each. I HAVE not cenfured the management of any Work-houfes (thougli highly deferving it) becaufe foreign to my fubjeft. But I will take the liberty to extol the oeconomy, induftry and cleanlinefs of the Kendal Work-houfe. It makes fome amends for the inconvenience of the Town Gaol, which occafions the fending Town-Prifoners to the County Bridewell as above. 1776, Jan. 23, No Prifoners. COUNTY Northern Circuit. LANCASHIRE. 435 COUNTY GAOL, LANCASTER CASTLE. GAOLER, John Dane. Salary, none. Fees, Debtors, ;^o : 8 : o. Felons, o : 13 : 4. Tranfports, ;^5 each. (See Remarks.) Licence, for Beer and Wine. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, 7 one fliilling each on Saturday Felons, 3 morning. Garnifh, Debtors, £0 : y : 1, Felons, 0:2:6. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, March 25, 74 - 13, 1775, Nov. 20, 48 - 17, 1776, Sep. 17, 32 - 19. CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Spicer -, now Rev. Mr. Watjon. Duty — -Sunday twice j Wednefday and Friday once. Salary, ^50. (See Remarks.) SURGEON, Mr. Dixon. Salary, none : he makes a Bill. THE CASTLE- YARD is fpacious. Mafter's-fide Debtors have Remarks. many apartments. One of them which they call the Oven, is faid to have been ufed as fuch in the time of John of Gaunt Duke of Lancafter : the diameter twenty-four feet, the height, now, that of an ordinary K k k 2 room. 436 LANCASHIRE. Northern Circuit. LAN- room. The Free Ward for Debtors is large but dark. Thefe, as CASTER. ^yg,]j ^g thofe of the Mafter's-fide, are allowed to walk and work (fpin, knit &c.) in the Crown and Shire Halls. Over the Judge's Bench in the latter is written this text j " Let Judgment run down as waters, and Righteonjnejs as a mighty ftream." Petty offenders are fomctimes fent hither, becaufe the Bride- wells are diftant. There is a large Room for them near the Gate j and they are, as they Ihould be, kept feparate from Felons. Men and Women-felons have their Day-rooms apart, at the upper end of the Yard. Women fleep in tlieir Day-room. — Men have for their Night-rooms two vaulted Cells. One of tliem, the Low Dungeon, is ten fteps under ground, twenty-one feet by nine, ex- tremely clofe, dark, and unwholefome •■, fo very hot even in Winter, that coming from it in the morning into the cold air muft be perni- cious. Their other Cell, the High Dungeon, is larger but clofc and offenfive, though not under ground. I ONCE faw three Felons fick: but the Recorder, Mr. Feutcn, gave immediate orders for their relief by better nourilliment &c. and they foon recovered. No Infirmary. I'ranjports have not the King's allowance of 2s. 6d. a week. When Prifoners are convifted at Trefton or Manchejler, and from thence brought hither, Mr. Dane has a Ihilling a mile Conduft-Money for each. Part of the Caftle-yard is an inclofed Bowling-Green. One of the rooms for Debtors is called the ^inkers Room ; becaufe> it is faid, when thofe people were fo cruelly perfecuted in the laft Century, vaft numbers of them were confined in it. If the large Stable which is not much ufed, and the great Room vmder the Sliire-Hall (in -which I faw only one poor Limatic j wha had Northern Circuit. LANCASHIRE. 437 had been there many years, and is fince dead) were converted into l a n- Night-rooms for Felons, one fmall room for eachi and an Infirmary caster. was built, this would be a good Gaol. From Mr. Fenton's humanity, and the regard that is juftly paid him, I cannot but hope for fome of rhefe Improvements. The Chaplain's Salary ^^50 is — from the County ^^36— from the Dutchy £4. — from a Charity ^f to. I WILL give a Copy of the Table of Fees, though it is not authen- tic : and of a Paper in the Shire-Hall containing a Lift of Donations j though imperfedt, and not vouched by any Authority. Fees taken by the Gaoler oi Lancafter Cafile. (viz) C. S. D For every Debtor's Difcharge when by a Super/eJeas — o : S : o On a Common Difcharge 8s. and 2S. & 6d. for the •) Sheriff's Certificate — — j ' ' When a Debtor is furrendered in Difcharge of his Bail o : 2:4 When a Debtor is charged \yith a Declaration 2S. & 4d -\ with the Rule to take the Prifoner to the Bar and ?• o : 4:8 2S. & 4d. with the Remandato — — J When a Debtor takes the Benefit of the Infolvent Ad is.-. and 2S. &c 4d. to bring the Prifoner to the Bar by rule Co: 5:8 and 2s. & 4d. for the Sheriff's Certificate — J Fees for all Crown Prifoners — — o : iS o Lately altered to — — 0:13:4 John Dane Gaoler,. CHARITY 438 LANCASHIRE. Northern Circuit. L A N- CASTER. CHARITY LEGACIES to the debtor prisoners in Lancafter Caftle 1770 From Mrs. Henrietta Rigifs Executors to twelve of the moil neceflitous and well behaved Prifoners five (hillings each paid by Doftor Fenton and the Mayor of Lancafter about the firft day of March every year — From Mrs, Langton paid by Laicrence Ra=wftborn Efq. eachT Affize — — — — 3 From Sir Thomas Gerrard of Gart/iuood paid by Mr. Starkie j due about the firft of Auguft — — J Paid under a Decree of the Court of Chancery of this' County out of an Eilate in Skermi/dale called Sand late belonging to Peter Latham deceafed diftributed at ever)' Auguft Affize, by the Truftees of the faid Peter Latham or their order paid by Mr. Ratcliffe of Ormf- kirk Attorney at Law — — By the Will of William Edmunfton of Outhtuaite one pound fifteen fhillings yearly or half the Rent of Land in Scotforth purchafed by the money left for fuch purpofe by the faid Will, paid by the Treafurer of the County in bread — — — From Mrs. Abigail Rigby^ Executors paid by DoSor Fenton') and the Mayor of Lancafter every St. Thomas's Day 3 [Q^y. Jebfon's Legacy.] (So the Paper.) 8 : [►6 15 COUNTY Northern Circuit. LANCASHIRE. 439 COUNTY BRIDEWELLS. PRESTON. This Prifon a little diftant from the Town was a Friary. On the ground-floor is a large Room, in which are eleven Clofets, called Boxes, to deep in -, and another Room, the Dungeofj. Over theie are a large Working-room for Men, and a lefs for Women. All the rooms are dirty, and the Prifon out of repair. — A Court-yard in front (the Prifoners have no ufe of it) and a Ipacious Garden backwards for the Keeper. These Prifoners have the other Moiety of William Edmunfton\ Legacy mentioned in the Lift at Lancafter Caftle. The Keeper receives it for them. No water acceffible to Prifoners : no allowance. Keeper's Salary 0iQ : Fees, from thofe tried at Seffions los. 6d. from others 7 s. no Table. 1774, March 26, Prifoners 8, 1775, Nov. 18, - - 19, 1776, Sep. 16, - - II. MANCHESTER. Rebuilt as -per date, in the year 1774. Separate Court-yards and Apartments for Men and Women, The former have Work-rooms, over which are Chambers. Their Night-rooms or Dungeons, in a palTage or long room forty- 440 LANCASHIRE. Northern Circuit. BRIDE- forty-five feet by fix are clofe ; eleven feet by eight ; eleven Wl-LLS &c. , , , , ■ fteps below the yard ; but not properly under ground, being on the declivity of a hill. — Women have three rooms on the ground-floor, and three chambers : here is alfo a dungeon, down nine fteps, fourteen feet by thirteen ; but women are not put there. The iron grated Door into each Court has faften- ings of a contrivance fingularly curious. No allowance. Keeper's Salary lately raifed from £2^ to /^6o in lieu of Fees. 1774, Nov. 5, Prifoners 21, 1775, Nov. 16, - - 6, 1776, Sep. 15, - - 12. LIVERPOOL BOROUGH-GAOL. Out of repair. Apartments clofe and dirty. Seven clofe Dun- geons ten fteps under ground ; each fix feet and a half by five feet nine inches, and fix feet high. Three Prifoners are locked up in each of them at night. There is another Dungeon, larger, but not fecure. No Infirmary. The Keeper told me in Nov. 1775, that after I was there laft year and faid his Prifoners were in danger of the Gaol-Fever, twenty-eight of them had been ill of it at one time. What led me to think fo was, the ofFenfivenefs of the Dun- geons, and the number of Prifoners. The Prifon is furrounded with other buildings, and cannot be made healthy and convenient. — Allowance in common on Sunday, bread 4s. beef and broth about 6 s. Firing from Oftober to May. Gaoler, Rofendale Allen, Sergeant at Mace, pays the Widow of the late Gaoler ^£20 a year; and Northern Circuit. LANCASHIRE. 441 and puts in a Deputy who pays him ^6^ a year. Fees, Debtors is. Felons &c. 4s. no Table. Chaplain, Duty— Tuefday and Friday : Salary ^10. — Claufes of Aft againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. Felons are generally lent to Lancajier Cajile : the Prifoners kept here are for the moft part Debtors. I HEAR the Corporation intend to build a new Gaol. 1774, Nov. 7, Prifoners 58, 1775, Nov. 23, - - 60. WARRINGTON TOWN BRIDEWELL. Two rooms in the Work-houfe Yard 5 one about nine feet fquare, with bedftead and ftraw ; no window : the other about nine feet by five, with an aperture for air eighteen inches by four. No employ- ment. Allowance for diet, the fame as the Poor, who, by their appearance, feem to have a humane attention paid to them. Keeper, no Salary for the Bridewell : no Fees : is Mafter of the Work-houfe. 1777, March 20, No Prifoners. Lll COUNTY 442 CHESHIRE. Chester Circuit. COUNTY GAOL, CHESTER CASTLE. GAOLER, Faithful Thomas; he holds it of the Conftable George Noffiter the King's Patentee, to whom he pays Rent £^o a year. Salary, ;^i8 : 5 : o from the Exchequer. Fees, Debtors, 7 Felons, 3 ^-' ' " " Tranfports, ^5 each, and^i for Expenfes. Licence, for Beer and Wine. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, 7 a twelve-penny loaf each on Friday Felons, 3 morning (weight inFeb.i']'] ^,6-^lb.). Garnifh, Debtors, £0:2:6. Number of - - Debtors, Felons &c. 1774, March 29, 22 - 24, June 24, 23 - 12, 1775, Feb. I, 9 - 15, Nov. 25, 11 - 6, 1776, Sep. 14, 7 - 12. CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Bofwel. Duty — Only to condemned Felons. Salary, ;C'°' On Sunday a Debtor reads Prayers, and, commonly, a Sermon, for which the County allows ^2 a year. SURGEON, Nonej but on applying to a Juftice. CHESTER Chester Circuit. CHESHIRE. 44^ CHESTER CASTLE IS the Property of the king. The firft room is a Hall or Chapel : Remarks. there are two ftaircafes leading up from it to four rooms for Mafter's- fide Debtors. Down eighteen fteps is a fmall Court-yard, which was common to Debtors and Felons. It is lately divided, but the high clofe pales which feparate the two Courts, now fo very fmall, deprive both Debtors and Felons of the benefit of frefli air. The former in their free ward, the Popes Kitchen ; the latter in their day-room, the King's Kitchen. Both thefe are fix fteps below the Yard : each of them about thirty-five feet by twenty-two. Near the former is the Condemned Room. Under the King's Kitchen is the King's. Cellar ; quite ufelefs. Under the Pope's Kitchen is a dark Room or PafTage twenty-four feet by ten : to it you defcend twenty- one fteps from the Yard. On one fide of it are fix Cells (Stalls)^ each about feven feet and a half by three and a half, with a barrack- bedftead, and a fmall aperture over the door. In each of thefe are locked up at night, fometimes three or four Felons. No window : not a breath of frefli air : only an aperture with a grate in the ceiling of the PafTage, into the Pope's Kitchen above. They pitch thefe Dungeons three or four times a year : when I was in one of them, I ordered the door to be fhut; and my fituation brought to mind what I had heard of the Black Hole at Calcutta. The Felons Day-room is not fecure. They efcaped in 1775 by breaking through the flight floor into the King's Cellar below ; and through the decayed walls of that they made their way down the hill. The Keeper, who is careful and humane, was not blameahle. L 1 1 2 No 444 'CHESHIRE. • Chester Circuit. CHESTER No Infinnary : no ftraw: Tranfports have not the King's allow- CASTLE. ^^(.Q of 2s. 6d. a week. Of the feven Debtors whom I faw laft, five were imprifoned by Exchequer Writs*. A TABLE OF FEES To be taken by the Conftable of the Caftle — as the County Gaol — fettled — in the — Quarter SefTjons— at Namptwich-—! ^th July 1729 and afterwards confirmed— by his Majcfty's Chief Juftice of Chefter and Judge of Aflize — and Juftices of the Peace— in purfuance of a late A• — Nov. 25, - - o, 1776, Sep. 14, - - 12. MACCLESFIELD PRISON. This Prifon for the Liberty of the Hundred, Manor, and Foreft of Macclesfield, in the Pinfold or Pound for that Hundred, is the Property of Lord Derby. It has four Room,s ; and a Dungeon which is down feven Iteps, eleven feet by nine. The windows of the rooms M m m 2 glazed. 452 CHESHIRE. Chester Circuit. glazed, no cafements. The Building is flight, and the whole of it ruinous. — Keeper, John Haflehurft, is a Bailiff j Iceeps a Public- houfej and has a Leafe of the whole for fixty years at;^i3 clear of Taxes. No Salary : Fees ys. 6d. no Table. 1776, Sep. 15, Debtors 2. MACCLESFIELD TOWN BRIDEWELL Is a ruinous Room behind the Keeper's Houfe. Only one window twelve inches by fix. The Keeper told me he was fometimes obliged to confine men and women together in it. Salary twenty fiiillings j Fees one fliilling. 1776, Sep. 15, No Prifoners. HAULTON CASTLE GAOL. I SHOULD fcarcely have mentioned* this Prifon, fince for a number of years paft no perfon has been confined in it, had I not found that in an Infcription in the Court-room, dated 1737, it is ftill called a Gaol with a Court-yard. The Earl of Cholmondeley is Proprietor under the Crown ; and Quarterly Courts are held here for the Manor. Two Cellars in the Building appear to have been ufed for the purpofe of confining Pi-ifoners, 1777, March 19, No Prifoners. COUNTY Chester Circuit. FLINTSHIRE-. 453 COUNTY GAOL at FLINT, GAOLER, John IViUiams. Salary, none. Fees, Debtors, ^^o : 6 : o, Felons, 0:3: 6. Tranfports, the Expenfe. Licence, for Beer, PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, 7 each weekly is. 6d. in bread, and Felons, 5 6d. money. Garnifh, ;ro : i : o. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, June 25, 4 - I, 1776, Sep. 12, I - o. CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Bavies. Duty— -Wednefday and Friday. Salary, ;^20. SURGEON, Mr. Ingleby at Holy well Salary,, none ; he makes a Bill. FLINT, 454 FLINTSHIRE. Chester Circuit. N T. Remarks. THIS GAOL is alfo the Bridewell. — On the ground-floor are the Gaoler's apartments. — For Debtors there are, up ftairs, a Com- mon Ward J and two other Rooms. — They have alfo a Court-yard, backwards. — For Felons and Petty Offenders, two dark Clofets, the Black Holes, on the fame floor as the Debtors rooms : they are each five feet by four ; and were the only receptacles for Crhninals till a few years ago, when a Dungeon in the Yard was added. This is down eight fteps : rain comes through the roof upon the barrack- beds. A Court before it about five yards fquare : water laid in. When Men are here. Women are put in the dark Clofets. Great sessions at Mold: Conveyance thither at tlie Gaoler's Expenfe. He has a Salary of £2^ as Keeper o( Bridewell. Near twenty years ago, here was a Debtor who infilled upon not being fubjeft to the Gaoler, nor to any Orders but fuch as fhould be enjoined by the Magiftrates. Upon this occafion, the Juftices-at the Quarter Seffions held at Holywell in July 1759 made fome faluta- ry Rules for the government of this Prifon, refembling thofe for Chejler Caftle, which are hung up in the Gaol. It is probable the man knew he had a Statute to fupport his claim, namely, the Aft the 3 2d of George the Second. TABLE Chester Circuit. FLINTSHIRE. 455 TABLE OF FEES. FLINT. Flintjhire, A T the Court of Great Sefllon held at Flint— on — to wit. XjL 22d of Auguft— 5th— of our Sovereign Lord George III— 1765 before the Hon'''^ Jc,^« Afor/ow Efq. Chief Juftice of— Chefter, Flint, Denbigh, and Montgomery} and Baylor White Efq. his Majefty's other Juftice there affigned &c.— It is— Ordered that the Gaoler for the time being do take no more than the Fees and Allowances hereafter mentioned which the Court conceive to be fufficient and reafonable (That is to fay) A Table of Fees to be taken by the Gaoler of this County. the-^ For the Receipt of every Prifoner for Debt For the Ufe of the Bedftead and Chamber by the week the Prifoner finding his own Bedding — If the Bedding found by Gaoler /fr week then — For a Copy of every Commitment — — Attending every Prifoner brought by Rule of Court — Fee on Prifoner's Difcharge — — Turnkey's Fee on Prifoner's Difcharge — — c S. D. : 2 : 6 : I : : : 2 : ; I : : ; 1 : Q : ; 2 : 6 ; ; I : The above Table of Fees is rati'fied and confirmed by JOHN MORTON COUNTY 456 DENBIGHSHIRE. Chester Circuit. COUNTY GAOL at RUTHIN. GAOLER, 'Jcje^h Stoddard. Salan', /lo. Fees, Debtors, ^0:6:0, Felons, 0:3:6. Tranfports, (^ i each to Cbefter. Licence, none. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. Felons, is. 6d. a week. Garnifh, Debtors, ;^o : 2 : 6, Felons, 0:1:0. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, June 25, 8 - - 5, 1776, Sep. ij, 2 - - I. CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Peine. Dut}' — Sunday. Salar)', ^10. SURGEON, Mr. Nicbolls. Salary, none : he makes a Bill. Remarks. THE OLD GAOL was alfo a County Bridewell. A New Gaol is almoft finiftied. The Front is for the Gaoler. Backwards, on the ground-fioor, a large Day-room or Kitchen for Debtors ; and another as Chester CiRctriT, DENBIGHSHIRE. 457 as large for Criminals: and for the latter, four Cells, feven fefet and ruth in. a half by fix ; — two on each fide of a pafl'age only three feet wide. Above are nine Rooms and a neat Chapel. Separate Court-yards for Debtors and Criminals. The Gentlemen will fcarcely forget an Infirmary ; and feparating Women from Men. Great sessions, of late, always at TFrexham; and Conveyance thither at the. Gaoler's Expenfe. He has a Salary of ^^ 20 as Keeper of Bridewell. The Old Gaol may be made a convenient Bridewell, and then Prifoners might be more properly feparated. A way might alfo be made to the Chapel. TABLE OF FEES, Denbighpire, A T the General Quarter Seffions — at Denbigh—^ to wit. XjL on the 16th day of April in the 5;th — of our Sove- reign Lord George III — 1765 before John Edwards Jun''- and John Conway Efq''^- and others — Juftices— it is — Ordered that the Gaoler for the time being do take no more than the Fees and Allowance hereafter mentioned which this Court conceive to be fufficient and reafonable (That is to fay) A Table of Fees to be taken by the Gaoler of this County. £. S. D. Fees on the Receipt of every Prifoner — — 0:2:6 For the ufe of the Bedftead and Chamber per week the Pri- \ foner finding his own Bedding — • — j o : i : o Jf Bedding be found by the Gaoler then /fr week — 0:2:0 N n n For 45S DENBIGHSHIRE. Chester Circuit. £. S. D. For a Copy of every Commitment — — o : i : o Attending every Prifoncr brought up by Rule of Court o : i : a Fee on Prifoner's Difcharge — — 0:2:6 Turnkey's Fee on Prifoner's Difcharge — 0:1:0 The above Table of Fees is ratified and confirmed by JOHN MORTON By the Court J K 0- Ho^s 1 E R C lerk of the Peace ANOTHER COUNTY BRIDEWELL at WREXHAM. This is only Part of an Houie, the whole of which feems to have been formerly the Bridewell ; but moft of it is now the Parifli-Poor- houfe. The Prifon has — on the ground-floor the Keeper's rooms and liable ; and for Prifoners, two dark offenfive rooms, without any window : a wall within fix feet of the doors :' Prifoners have, with juft caufe, complained of being almofl: fuffbcated ; and begged to be let out for Air into the Keeper's Garden, on the other fide of the Houfe. — Up ftairs are three rooms for thofe who can pay. All dirty and out of repair. No water. Keeper a Sheriff's Officer : Salary ^^8. 3774, March 30, Prifoners 2, 1776, Sep. 12, - - 1. COUNTY Chester Circuit. MONTGOMERYSHIRE. 459 COUNTY GAOL at MONTGOMERY. GAOLER, William Davies. Salary, ^f 12 : 12:0 from the Sheriff. Fees, Debtors, ^^o : 8 : o. Felons, o : 14 : 4. Tranfports, about ^^lo : 10 : o each. Licence, none. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, on application, the fame as Felons. Felons, two i4d. loaves a week. Garnifh, £p : 1 : 6. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, June 29, 3 - - 4, 1775, Nov. 29, 2 - - o. CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Powell. Duty — Sunday. Salary, ^^20. SURGEONS, Three, in Quarterly Rotation. Salary, ^5 each. Nnn2 MONTGO- 46o MONTGOMERYSHIRE. Chester Circuit. MONTGOMERY. Remarks. THIS GAOL is finely fituated on a rifing ground. Apart-- ment& for Debtors, and Wards for Felons, convenient and kept clean. Court-yard common. The fine Stream of Water lately running through the Yard is cut off. Great Seflions always at TVelcb Pool; whither Prifoners are conveyed at the Gaoler's Expenfe^ The Table of Fees not legible. COUNTY BRIDEWELL at MONTGOMERY. A ROOM or two in a Houfe at the lower end of the Town > out of repair. 1775, Nov. 29, No Prifoners. COUNTY North Wales Circuit. ANGLESEY. 461 COUNTY GAOL at BEAUMARIS. GAOLER, William Thomas. Salary, £^ from the Sheriff. Fees, Debtors, 7 Felons, } ^ Tranfports, the Expenfe. Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. Felons, a fhilling a week. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. i774> June 27, a - o.. CHAPLAIN, None. SURGEON, None. THIS GAOL is alfo the County BridewelL It is dirty. The Remarks. Felons Room convenient, but feldom occupied. Claufes of Adl againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. The Gaoler has £^ a year as Keeper of Bridewell. No Table of Fees, COUNTY 46a CARNARVONSHIRE. North Wales Circuit. COUNTY GAOL at CARNARVON. GAOLER, Thomas. Salary, £^ from the Sheriff. Fees, Debtors, ;^o : 3 : 6 Entrance, 0:2:6 Difcharge. Felons, none. Tranfports, the Expenfe. Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. Felons, 2S. 6d.. a Treek each. (See Remarks. J Garnifh, a {killing. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Jxine 27, 2-1. CHAPLAIN, None. SURGEON, None. Remasks. this gaol 16 alfo the Bridewell. Rooms incommodious and dirty. Claufes of Aft againft SpiritiKJus Liquors not hung up. Great Seffions st Cowboy. Thomas has ^^5 a year as Keeper of Bridewell. He flops from each Fckm's allowance fix pence a Week for, whai he call*, his Trouble of Weekly Pa}Tnents. No Table of Fees. I HEAR the County intend to build a new Gaol. COUNTY NorthWales Circuit. MERIONETHSHIRE. 463 COUNTY GAOL at DOLGELLY. GAOLER, Edward Rees. Salary, £^i. .rs,7 Fees, Debtors, " Felons, * ^ • 5 • Tranfports, the Expenfe. Licence, none. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, ' irs,7 s, S TT 1 I none, l^elons. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, June 28, I - I. CHAPLAIN, None. SURGEON, None. THIS GAOL was built five or fix years ago. Windows clofe Remarks, glazed : rooms dirty ; although fo few Prifoners. I was informed that there had been only two Executions for fifty years paft. Claufes of Ad againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. No Table of Fees. Great Seflions at Bala. COUNTY 464 CARDIGANSHIRE. Carmarthen .Circuit. COUNTY GAOL at CARDIGAN. GAOLER, Charles Thomas. Salary, £ 1 2, but not fixed. Fees, Debtors, 7 Felons, 5 * -^ ' ^ Tranfports, the Expenfe. Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. Felons, two fhillings a week. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Auguft 13, 4 - o- CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Davies. Duty — Sunday. Salary, liS. SURGEON, Salary, ^^lO. Remarks. THIS GAOL, which is to be the Bridewell alfo, was juft finifhed when I was there, but not inhabited : the Prifoners were in the Gaoler's houfe. The Prifon-rooms are too low; and clofe glazed; no cafements : no water in the Court-yard. C. Thomas has £1 a year as Bridewell-Keeper. No Table of Fees. COUNTY Carmarthen Circuit. PEMBROKESHIRE. 465 COUNTY GAOL at HAVERFORDWEST. GAOLER, Richard Griffith. Salary, none. Fees, Debtors, ^ Felons, ^ >Co : 13 : 4- Tranfports, Licence, none. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, certified from "] their Parifh, j- a penny a day. Felons, - - J Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Aug. 14, 4 - - I. CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Jones. Duty — Wednefday and Friday. Salary, £10. SURGEON, None. THIS GAOL is alfo the Bridewell. Six Rooms. The two Remarks. loweft are very damp Dungeons : in one of thefe, as I was informed, a Prifoner loft, firft the ufe of his limbs, and then his life : fince that time, none have been confined in either of them. The upper rooms are dirty and offenfive, with fmall windows. No fewers : no Court- O o o yard : 466 PEMBROKESHIRE. Carmarthen Circuit. HAVER- yard: ClaufesofAdt againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. No roRDWEST. ^^jjjg Qf pggg^ R Griffith has £i a year as Bridewell-Keeper. The County are applying for an Adt, in order to build a new Gaol. At HAVERFORDWEST is alfo the TOWN AND COUNTY GAOL; which is likewife the Bridewell. It has convenient Rooms, and they are kept dean. No. Court : no water. The Work-lhop ufed by a Carpenter. 1774, Aug. I4j No PriXoners. COUNTY Carmarthen Circuit. CARMARTHENSHIRE. 467 COUNTY GAOL, CARMARTHEN CASTLE. GAOLER, John Williams, Salary, none. Fees, Debtors, {jo : 13 : 4, Felons, o : 3:4. Tranfports, ^^5 each. Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none. Felons, a fhilling a week. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Aug. 15, 16 .- - 10, 1776, Sep. 8, 4 - - 7. (See Remarks,) CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Bavies. Duty — Sunday. Salary, ^^12 : 12 : o. SURGEON, Mr. Frice, Salary, ^^20. Oool CARMAR- 468 CARMARTHENSHIRE. Carmarthen Circuit. CARMARTHEN CASTLE. Remarks. THIS GAOL is alfo the County Bridewell. The old apartments are too clofe -, and fo are the new Cells for Criminals. Thefe are about feven feet by fix : apertures in the doors only about nine inches fquare : earth-floors. The Day-room is ufed as a Chapel. Over it is a free ward : and over that, a room for the fick. The con- demned Dungeon is damp; a fmall window. One Court-yard; but it is Ipacious. A Houfe for the Gaoler, lately built in the yard ; but he ftill lives diftant, as before. It has convenient rooms for Mafter's-fide Debtors ; and an Alarm Bell at top : by ringing it, a Debtor lately prevented an efcape of the Felons. No water : the Well is ufelefs ; and the Gaol offenfive. — Houfes in the neighbour- hood have water laid in. — Tranfports have not the King's allowance of as. 6d. a week. Claufcs of the Aft againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up. No Table of Fees. J. Williams has ^^ 1 2 : 1 2 : o a year as Keeper of Bridewell. To this Prifon there are Rules or Bounds, which extend near a mile round. Two of the Offenders, whom I faw laft time, were for Fines which they can never pay. They have not the County-allowance, and were almoft ftarved. The Gaoler was defirous o? farming the Allowance : but the abufe of fuch a truft by the Gaoler at Brecon had been detetfted ; and the requeft of this Gaoler was not granted. At Carmarthen Circuit. CARMARTHENSHIRE. 469 At CARMARTHEN is alfo the COUNTY-BOROUGH-GAOL. To the four rooms of this Gaol at the Gate, you afcend by ftone fteps on the outfide. No yard : no water. Keeper, one of the Town- Sheriffs, lives diftant.— At my firft vifit a young creature committed for a petty Theft, had been there four months, and was fick on the floor. At my laft, a Debtor fick in bed. Befides the four Prifoners whom I faw, the Sheriff told me he had one in the Rules which are of fmall extent.— Food &c. for the Prifoners is put through an aper- ture at bottom of the door : a little girl, the daughter of a Prifoner, could )uft get through it to fetch water &c.. Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Aug. 15, o - I, 1776, Sep. 8, 3 - I. COUNTY 470 RADNORSHIRE. South Wales Circuit. COUNTY GAOL at PRESTEIGN. GAOLER, John Thomas. Salary, ^^lo from the Sheriff. Fees, Debtors, -s Felons, 3 Tranfports, the Treafurer has £^ each. Licence, for Beer. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none but on application. Felons, a three-penny loaf for two days. Garnifh, ,(^0:1:0. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, June 30, 4 - 3, 1775, Nov. 30, 3 - I. CHAPLAIN, None. SURGEON, None. Remarks. THIS GAOL, which is alfo the County Bridewell, is out of repair. Only one Court-yard. Felons Night-room down three fteps, and not fecure : earth-floor ; no ftraw. Keeper's Houfe diftant ; but his Garden, contiguous, is a proper fpot on which to enlarge the Gaol. Claufes of A61 againft Spirituous Liquors not hung up : no Table of Fees. J. Thomas has ^^2 a year as Bridewell-Keeper. COUNTY South Wales Circuit. BRECONSHIRE. 471 COUNTY GAOL at BRECON. GAOLER, Magdalen Williams, Salary, none : but ^31 : 10 : o a year tx) fupply Felons with neceflary Food» Fees, Debtors, 7 Felons, 3 ^ • 7 ' Tranfports, ;^5 each. Licence, for Beer, PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none but on applying to Juftices, Felons, farmed as above. Garnifti, £0:2:6. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &C, 1774, Aug. n, 7 - - 3, 1776, Sep, 9, 4 - - i> CHAPLAIN, Rev. Mr. Hugh Jones. Duty— Wednefday or Friday, Salary, ;^io. SURGEON, Mr, miliams. Salary, ^5. BRECON. 472 BRECONSHIRE. South Wales Circuit.. BRECON. Remarks. THIS GAOL out of repair; but at my laft vifit not dirty. Two Courts common to Debtors and Felons : they alfo lodge toge- ther. Some of the Rooms clofc glazed. A dark Dungeon : the door of it repairing^ yet the Gaoler's fon told me it was never ufed. At my firft vifit the Prifoners almoft ftarved by the Gaoler. Two Gentlemen of the County, who were then in the Gaol with me, feemed to refent the abufe. — No ftraw. — No Claufes of Ad; againft Spirituous Liquors : no Table of Fees. Tranfports have not the King's allowance of 2S. 6d. a week. COUNTY BRIDEWELL at BRECON. One Room in the Keeper's Houfe for Women j and two in the Back-yard for Men : the whole out of repair, and not fecure. No allowance : no water. Keeper no Salary. I am informed the County intend building a new Bridewell. 1776, Sep. 9, No Prifoners. BRECON TOWN GAOL, Over the Gate-way. Out of repair : no Court-yard : no water : Gaoler no Salary ; he fells beer. 1776, Sep. 9, No Prifoners. COUNTY South Wales Circuit. GLAMORGANSHIRE. 473 COUNTY GAOL at CARDIFF. GAOLER, Thomas Lewis-, no'ff William Cobb. Salary, none : but he farms the Allowance. (See Remarks.) Fees, Debtors, £,0 : 14 : 4, Felons, o : 7:8. Tranfporcs, ^^5 each. Licence, of late none. PRISONERS, Allowance, Debtors, none but on application to the Juftices. Felons, ten pence halfpenny each on Saturday. Garnilh, ^o : 2 : 6. Number of - - Debtors. Felons &c. 1774, Aug. 19, 14 - a, 1776, Sep. 6, 2-2. CHAPLAIN, None. SURGEON, Mr. IVilliams. Salary, ^10. Ppp CARDIFF, 474 GLAMORGANSHIRE. South Wales Circuit. CARDIFF. Remarks. THE NEW GAOL, noc finifhed, is to confiil of three feparate Houfes, with Court-yards between them. The Old Gaol to be taken down j and in Front (where it now ftands) is to be the Houfe for Debtors : a Court behind it — Then the Gaoler's Houfe : this is built ; two rooms on a floor. Behind it, the Felons Court-yard ; and beyond that, their Houfe or Wards ; which are alfo built : on the ground-floor, a fmall room for the Turnkey ; and three vaulted rooms : above them thi-ee chambers, twelve feet and a half by ten. The Gaoler's houfe being in the middle, he will have both Debtors and Felons in view : but his paffing to the flreet through the Debtors houfe, may be dangerous to him when they prove riotous. He undertakes for £^o a year to pay Felons ten pence halfpenny a week ; and find them flraw : and to pay a fliilling a week to fuch Debtors as the Juilices fliall appoint. No Table of Fees. Great sessions always at Cowhridge. — The late Gaoler informed me, that an Exchequer Debtor confined ten years for feven pounds died in the Gaol juft before I was there. COUNTY South Wales Circuit. GLAMORGANSHIRE. 475 COUNTY BRIDEWELL at COWBRIDGE. Besides the Old Room, there are two Rooms lately built in the Back-yard ; each fifteen feet fquare. In them provifion is made for the circulation of air ; and there is now little danger of the Gaol-Fever ; of which the Keeper told me, at my firll vifit, many had died : a man and woman about a year before ; when himfelf and his daughter were alfo ill of it. No fewer : no water : no Court-yard ; one may be eafily enclofed from the Ground adjacent. No allowance. Keeper's Salary ^^25 : 12 : o. No Prifoners, 1776, Sep. 64 Ppp2 TABLES B E RELATIVE TO FEES, NUMBERS OF CRIMINALS, &c. TABLE I. A LIST OF FEES due to the Clerks of Assize of the feveral Circuits in England, and their Offices, from Prifoners charged with Felony — Burnt 'in the Hand — Whipped — Acquitted — Difcharged by Proclamation — or againft whom Bills are returned by the Grand-Jury not true Bills. HOME CIRCUIT, Burnt in the Hand — Whipped — — . Acquitted — — Difcharged by Proclamation — According every Ignoramus in Felony NORFOLK CIRCUIT, Acquitted and Order of Delivery in Murder The like in all other Felons — Order on Delivery on Proclamation Ditto on Ignoramus Bill — £■ i'. D. — 4 8 — 4 8 — 8 4 — 8 4 6 4 I 8 I I 4 — '5 8 — '3 4 MIDLAND 478 TABLES. MIDLAND CIRCUIT, Acquitted and Difcharge Fee in Murder The like in other Felons — Difcharge Fee according — Difcharge Fee or Proclamation OXFORD CIRCUIT, For every Prifoner acquitted of Felony on one Indiftment ^ difcharged — — — i For every Acquittal after the firfb — — For every Prifoner difcharged by Proclamation — Guilty Burnt in the Hand or Whipped and Difcharged — £■ s. '3 D. 8 8 8 9 WESTERN CIRCUIT, Acquitted including Plea and Difcharge Ignoramus ijs. 4d. and Difcharge 13 s. 4d. Difcharge by Proclamation — Conviftion in Man-flaughter — NORTHERN CIRCUIT, Not guilty Difcharged Difcharged by Proclamation TABLE TABLES, 479 TABLE IL HOME CIRCUIT TOTAL ACCOUNT of Prisoners Burnt in the Hand- Whipped — Acquitted — Difcharged by Proclamation — or againft whom Bills have been returned Not found — in the Counties of Hertford, Essex, Kent, Sussex and Surry, for feven Years, from the Year 1764 to 1770 Inclufive. Hertford — Essex — Kent — Sussex — Surry — Total -a a _c c -0 a, 13 '3 <; >> - -0 'C ^i! 0=^ -a c 3 c as ■ 9 12 36 47 32 136 24 35 7' 62 3" 223 75 20 132 9' 34 352 1 1 '5 23 j6 4 69 40 •4 124 77 24 279 •59 96 386 293 125 1059 TABLE [ 4Bo ] \ T A B ll An account of the Number of Prisoners Tried and Acquitted — of PriLn Sentenced to be Whipped and Difcharged — and of Prifoners Difchare the feveral Counties and Cities within the OXFORD CIRCUI'I B ERKSHIRE • Oxfordshire. VVoRCESTERSHIR E. City ofWoRCESTER. 'It- GLOUCESTERlft T3 -d T^ -3 -a tJ3 tJ3 bO CJ) fco ri -a al TD -T3 -0 -a J= -a J= (L> -C •a J= (U ■a n to E E tuO I- a E rj to rt E CO rt Q ijjl £ 5 -0 c T3 u .1; c (5 -t3 T3 C -a Ci >, c >^ c >^ c c c Ctfl' rt J3 rt ^ rt *3 X T3 -0 '3 X -13 -a '3 X -c -T3 3 ffi nd -T3 '3 s 41' " -c M a C pa ^ ■^ c ^ li c a ^ ii £s 2 1765 10 2 3 6 I 3 '4 — -» S 1 ■» 'h 1: J 766 1 1 I 2 9 8 5 18 2 2 '7 ' \:i 1767 10 I - 16 2 3 M - 3 6 -» 16 ° ':. 1768 14 7 1 1 I 6 12 I ~ 1 I 20 ^ i: 1769 4 2 I 7 5 12 10 1 I 10 '■ 1770 3 4 5 4 7 • 7 I 10 ' 1. >77" 9 2 3 3 8 I ■ 7 - Z 1 I 1 :' I'otal 61 5 3 2S 5*^ 4 29 «5 / 44 9 n 0& ■i-i I [ 48i ] cd and Sentenced to be Burnt in the Hand and Difcharged — of Prisoners ir'iticn — at the feveral Assizes and General Gaol-deliveries held in and for ears ending at Michaelmas 1771. I c DUCESTER Monmouthshire. Herefordshire. Shropshire. Staffordshire. -a -a -d T3 c , c C J3 >s c n c J3 >, C rt c J3 >> ra c rt X "T3 -0 *3 ffi -u '3 X •T3 -0 •"s ffi TS 7 '3 IT -T3 -a tb Oh d bo IX c a 4-» C J5 c rt J3 a. IS rt c 15 rt 4J ^ 'H 2 4_, ^ ^LJ ^ 4J ^ 0=: 2 4-> ^ ^ ^ c ^ fc L. 5fi Q Q S 9 a 3 3 n M « n PQ 7 I 2 '3 6 10 S 14 I 1 ' 6 2 2 I lO 4 3 16 4 22 4 7 3 2 9 10 11 I 8 20 3 3 8 2 6 I 2 / 5 10 3 2 3 22 I 7 7 I 3 6 2 12 1 2 4 10 I 8 3 5 4 ■5 1 3 14 I 3 II -7 3 5 6 8 4 4 5 20 ~ I 6 c 7 35 3 20 1 68 J 3 3 77 1 1 / 49 1 1 2 5 45 TotaL Not Guilty Difchaiged - - . . 615 Burnt in the Hand and Difcharged 47 Whipped and Difcharged - - _ a3 Difcharged by Proclamation - - 293 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 TotKl Q.qq Great Total TABLE 482 TABLES. TABLE IV. ABSTRACT of Sir Stephen Theodore Janssen's TABLE of Crimi Condemned J Executed; and Pardoned : at the Old Bailey, London. Condemned. Executed. Pardoned &c. Peace >749 61 44- '7 1750 84 56 28 I7S' 85 63 22 1752 52 47 5 '753 57 41 16 17S4 SO 34 16 Peace ") »75S 39 — — 428 21 —— 306 18 ' 122 and J War ] ■ 1756 30 J3 '7 War 1757 37 26 II 1758 32 20 12 1759 »5 6 9 1760 H 10 4 1-61 22 17 5 I762 25 >5 10 War •; 1 and ] Peace ' ' '763 61 236 3- '39 29 97 Peace 1764 52 3» 21 1765 4« 26 "5 1766 39 20 '9 1767 49 22 27 1768 54 27 27 1769 7» 24 47 1770 91 49 42 1771 60 34 26 457 233 224 1121 678 443 ■ ' T A B L E S. Oii20 Seflions'in the 15 Years of Peace (8 in a year) only one was Maiden j in 1749. Of the 64 Seffions in the 8 Years of War, nine were Maiden. Stenced to Death - Mur- der. Houfe- breaking High, way. Horfe- ftealing. For- gery. Coin- ing. Return- ing from Tranf- port- ation. Defraud- ing Credi- tors. Shop- lifting Riot and 12 other Crimes. Total. 81 208 362 90 95 1 1 31 3 240 II21 Ecuted 72 118 251 22 7' 10 22 3 109 678 P ioned, Tranfported, -p 01 died in Gaol - j 9 90 III 68 24 I 9 131 443 H' R Stephen intending a Lift only of thofe who were condemned to die, has not in is Table a Column for Tranfport Convidts. But at the bottom of the Sheet he no i that there were 483 Tranfported for feven or fourteen Years To which Number he adds Tranfported by the King's Mercy after receiving Sentence of Death Total Tranlports l\ 5199 401 5600 Tfi fecond Number of Tranfports 401 is, doubtlefs, part of the Number 443, the laft of the three Totals above. Q.qq2 TABLE [ 484 ] TABLE V. An account of the Number of Criminals Condemned to Death; Executed,; and Sentenced to Tranfportation : with their refpcdive Offences : from the Year 1750 to 1772 Inclufive; within the feveral Counties &c. in the NORFOLK CIRCUIT. a > ,0 C -0 ^ c ■si (Ml C ■i in J 6 x CO II c u 3 (-» X > c c c to a c s- = S 1750 2 3 8 8 -- -- -- 2 1 10 8 24 3 -- 35 I75I -- 6 4 6 -- -- -- 16 12 12 24 -- -- 36 1752 3 3 3 '5 I -- 3 2S 1 I '3 28 2 44 '753 2 4 2 II -- -- 2 21 6 10 18 - 29 '754 - 9 £ •7 I -- 4 33 '3 20 29 4 54 •755 -- 2 4 7 - -- I '4 2 9 20 I 3' 1756 - 2 2 7 -- - 6 17 I 16 18 -- 36 '757 I 8 5 II - -- 2 27 6 12 34 -- I 46 1758 -- 2 6 '5 -- -- I 24 5 23 3' I 2 57 '759 -- 2 3 8 -- -- -- '3 3 '5 12 2 -- 29 1760 -- S 3 3 -- - -- II 3 II '5 -- I 27 .76> • I 2 2 -- -- 2 S 2 4 '3 -- I 18 .762 I I I 1 2 I I 8 2 3 10 - -- '5 1763 3 3 I 5 -- -- • 13 5 6 '9 1 1 27 1764 -- 4 2 8 -- 3 2 '9 3 10 16 . I 4 29 1765 -- 4 2 14 -- -- -- 20 I '9 29 1 2 52 1766 2 S 4 '4 -- - 2 30 4 17 27 -- I 45 .767 2 6 2 '4 -- -- 6 30 S 38 34 - - 72 1768 -- 1 1 10 -- 4 16 5 16 35 I 2 55 1769 2 9 I 4 -- I I 18 6 1 1 22 -- 2 34 1770 -- 5 5 I ' -- 1 1 24 7 1 7 |S -- -- 35 '77' I 4 I 6 -- - 4 16 S 1 1 30 -- 2 43 '77^ Total -- I I 4 -- -- I 7 -- 7 '7 -- ■ 25 874 20 93 65 202 4 6 44 +34 ■'7i 308 523 '5 28 TABLE [ 485 ] T A B L E VI. An account of the Number of Criminals Condemned to Death j Executed ; and Sentenced to Tranfportation : with their refpedive Offences : from the Year 1750 to 1772 Inclufive ; within the feveral Counties &c. in the MIDLAND CIRCUIT. . to Pi c , OS ^ > c .SJ: '■^ ° a -a H n S E 5 X -0 II Si W Tranfported, viz. Capital Offences reprieved, Offences made tranfportable. Grand and Petty Larceny. 175c 1 -• 6 4 3 16 - — 2 32 5 50 i75' -- I 4 5 -- '» J -- - -- '3 3 47 1752 ■ -- I 2 -- I 16 -- -- 3 23 3 45 '753 -- -- 8 I I '7 I -- I 29 I 58 »754 -- I 3 I -- 20 -- -- 4 29 4 63 '755 -- 2 4 2 3 10 -- - 4 25 6 44 1756 2 -- I 4 I •7 1 -- 4 30 6 44 '757 -- -- 2 3 I '4 -- 2 -- 22 4 60 1758 -- I 5 5 -- '9 I -- 4 35 6 54 '759 -- 4 4 - I 16 I 2 ^ J 31 9 43 1760 -- 1 I -- -- 12 -- -- I '5 2 32 1761 I 2 3 I I 6 -- I 15 5 28 1762 -- 2 -- -- -- 8 -- I -- II 4 23 .763 - I 4 I I 9 3 I 3 23 14 45 1764 - 3 6 I - '4 -- -- I 25 II 63 1765 -- i 4 5 I 9 - - - 22 7 62 1766 -- I 4 2 4 12 -- " 3 26 4 63 1767 -- 2 4 6 -- 1 1 -- -- - 23 6 45 1768 - -- - 2 1 '7 I -- - 23 f 49 1769 - 2 5 ' - 10 -- -- 5 23 6 37 177c -- 2 3 -- I 6 - -- I '4 4 45 '77' -- -- -- 3 - 6 -- -- I 9 2 36 1772 - I 5 2 " II -- - I 20 2 21 Total 4 30 I 80 1 49 20 j279 8 6 42 I51S 116 1057 TABLE [ 486 ] TABLE VII. FELONS delivered from NEWGATE to be transported. Sessions. Lon- don. Mid- dlefex. Hicks' Hall. minrter '1 Gwer 1 Seffion. Capital R.efpites Total. 1773. January 10 «9 3 6 .. ) -- 38 February 8 24 9 - -- -- 4' April 16 24 '9 "4 - 20 93 May 10 29 '4 - -- -- 53 July 14 49 6 5 -- -- 74 September 1 1 =4 9 - -- - 44 Oaober 10 »7 S 6 - - 4' December 10 '5 9 - -- '7 5« 89 201 77 3' — 37 435 1774. January 4 18 3 — - - 25 February 16 33 7 3 I -- 60 April 15 24 17 >3 I -- 70 May 6 22 2 -- -- - 30 July H 22 12 8 4 30 90 September 22 16 10 - 2 I 5« Oaober 8 8 6 5 I - 2?. December •4 22 .65 16 73 -- I 13 44 66 99 -9 10 420 1775. January 9 29 '4 9 — -- 61 February 9 20 7 " 2 -- 38 April »9 •7 12 4 - -- 52 May 5 9 2 - " - 16 July 6 II 7 5 -- 20 49 September H 20 6 -- - -- 40 Oftober 9 lO 7 4 2 -- 32 December 8 9 7 -- I II 36 79 '25 62 22 ? 3' 324 Great Total 1 179 CONCLUSION. IT was once my intention to have publiflied the preceding account of Englifh Prifons, * without any of the intro- dudlory matter which compofes the former part of this Volume. But thinking, from a clofe attention to the fub- jeft, that it was in my power in fome inftances to fuggeft remedies to the evils which I had been witnefs of; and aware of the common proverbial objedlion '* that it is eafier to find faults than to mend them;" I imagined I fhould be culpable in fupprefling any thing which might conduce to improvement in a matter I had fo much at heart. A PERSON of more ability, with my knowledge of fadls, would have written better : but my ambition was not the * Mv Readers will obferve that I do not give this as an account of every fingle Prifon in the Kingdom. Some, doubtlefs, have efcaped my refearches ; for it was only by afliduous enquiries in my frequent journeys that I was able to difcover all thofel have mentioned. It will readily be conceived, however, that thofe I have mifledmuftbe of very fmall confequence. fame N D E X. Page Ab IBINGDON Bridewell - 314. Acquitted Prifoners, detained for Fees - - 31. — ^— feldom employed 39, Aft for preferving health of Prifon- ers, its efFefts - - 3, J. Afts of French Parliament refpeft- ing Prifons - - 94. ^Ethiopia, India &c. written on doors in Prifons - - 106. Aikin, Mr. his Thoughts on Hof- pitals referred to - 97. Air, frefh, theneceffity of in Prifons 12. — malignity of in Gaols - 13. Alarm bell - 223, 312, 327, 468. Aldfworth, Mrs. her Legacy - 393, Aliment for Debtors, difficulty in obtaining - - 10. Page Allnutt, Mr, his Legacy - 206. Allowance to Prifoners, defefts refpefting - - u. —— quantity propofed - 61. — — — — Lifts offhould be hung up 64. farmed, inftances of - 2ir, 244, 295, 339, 360, 394,471. ' to Felons paid only monthly - 4ZS- Amfterdam 253. - 124. Anglesey - 461. Anfwerp, allowance at - I3+- Appleby County Gaol - 433- reach 41. of floods Bridewell - 434- Apprentices, faulty, rooms for 186, 193, 238. Arundel, Lord, Proprietor - 385- R Affizes, I N D X. Page Affizes, held too feldom in fome places - - 30. where no Prifon - 229, 234, 388. Axmlnjler, Gaol-Diftemper brought there - - 18. Jylejbury County Gaol - 241. ■ Bridewell - 242. B. Bacon, Lord, his opinion of the Gaol-Diftemper - 18. Bailiffs, diforders arifing from their keeping public boufes - 10. — — — extortion of - 'bid. • Keepers of Prifons 189, 227, 408, 409, 452. Bala, Great Seffions there - 463. Bankrupts and Infolvents, fevere law againft - - 98. Bark and Cordials prefcribed to Prifoners - 138, 244. Barking Bridewell - - 221. Barrack-beds, what - 223. BasforJ - - 294. Ba// • - 104. Bajlngftoke - - 359. Baj/ik - - 93. Batb City Gaol - - 394. Baths, neceflary in a Gaol - 45. BatLy - - 413. Beaufort, D.of, deaths Prifoners 340. Page Beaumaris - - 461. Beccaria, Marquis of, his opinion of confinement before trial 29. — — on fpeedy punifhment 30. - on prevention of crimes 74. Becclei Bridewell - - 266. Bedding, want of, in Prifons 15. ^— — and ftraw, inftances where none in Prifons 171, 175, 183, 186, 193, 209, 213, 214, 215, 233, 236, 238, 240, 253, 274, 286, 294, 300, 304, 309, 312, 316, 320, 329, 349, 357, 365, 369* 39*» 395' 402. 403' 4iz» 434' 444. 449. 470. 472- Bedfordshire Bedford County Gaol ■ Bridewell Benediftines, their Prifon Berkeley • Lord, Proprietor Berkhamjled Bridewell Berkshire Bern Bernvick Beverley Bridewell Hall-Garth Town Gaol 243- ibid. 244. 139. 347- 349- 214. 31 ^• 100. 429. 403. ibid, ibid. 91. Bicctre Bien venu on admiflion to a Prifon 112. Birmingham Town Gaol - 274. Black Affize at Oxford - 17. JS/ai-f-/";7a; J Bridewell - 178. Blacketj Sir Walter, hisbeuefacSlion 421. Bcdmin N D Page Page Bodmin Bridewell - 383- Bury Gaol - 267. Sheriff's Ward - 384- — Bridewell - 268. Borough Compter 208. Butler, Bp. quoted 43- Bowes, Mr. his charity 401. Bread, Ihort weight of II. —— account, fliould be kept exaft 61, — — Infpeftor of - - 398. "— and water. Diet, defigned as a punifhment - - iic. long time upon living a - 367. 4>7- Breconshire - 47«- Brecon County Gaol - ibid. • 472- Town Gaol ibid. Bremen - H7- Breton, Abbe, Founder of a Cha- rity for fupplying Prifoners with linen - 83. Bridewells, defefls and propofed improvements in 68. Bridges, William, his legacy 335, 336. Bridge-xater - - 395, BriJIol Newgate - - 391. I Bridewell - - 393> Brome, Mr. Chaplain, commended 264. Broughton, Valentine, his legacy 445. Bruges - - 137. Bruffeh - - 135. BuCltlNGHAMSHIRE - 24 1. Burlington, Earl of, his charity 401. Calcutta, fatal for want of ail' ij. Calvert's brewhoufe, charity from 167, 17Z, 176. Cambridgeshire - 248. Cambridge Caflle - - ibid, ——^— County Bridewell 250. -^— — Town Gaol - ibid. Bridewell - 251. Canterbury Bridewell - 225. City Gaol - 226. Cardiff Connty Gaol - - 473,. Cardiganshire - - 464. Cardigan County Gaol - ibid, Carlijle County Gaol - 430. City - - 432- Carmarthenshire - 467. Carmarthen Caftle - ibid, • Borough Gaol - 469. Carnarvonshire - 462. Carnar-Don County Gaol - ibid. Caroline, Princefs, her charity 176. Carr, William, committed from Ecclefiaftical Court - 413. Cajfel, Church there with feats for Criminals - - 113. Cattle, N D X. Page Cattle, Aft in Ireland againft keeping in Prifons - 60. Certificate from Parifli for Debtor's County allowance - 297, 396. Chamber rents and furniture to be fixed - - 57. ' of French Prifons 85. Chandos, Duke of, his charity 356. 357" Chapel, neceflary in a Gaol - 48. improper time for fervice in 55. Chaplain, his Charafter and Duty 54, — — difcharged - 246. ■ Salary reduced - 383. Charity box, broke open, method to prevent it Charity fervice in France Chelmsford Coanly Gaol • Bridewell Cheney Court, for the Soke Cheshire Chejler Caftle City Gaol — — Bridewell Chefterfield Bridewell Gaol 372- 84. 2l6. 219. 350. 442. ibid. 448. 451. 285. 286. 23>- Chichejler City Gaol Children, profligate, fenttoPrifon at their pare 394> 395' 422' 426, 429, 431, 441, 462, 463, 466, 468, 470, 472. Claufes of Aft that Prifoners may fend out for neceffaries 350, 399. Cleanlinefs, its benefits - 58. Chrkcn-ivcll'^TlAcwsW - i8j. Clerks of Affize, Prifoners detained for their Fees - 31. ■^— ^— — ^— — their new demand for Certificate - ibid. — — — ^-^ charge made by one, on a pardoned Tranfport 289. Clerks I N D X. Page Clerks of the Peace, Prifoners detained for their Fees -^^— ^ Fees demanded by fome of them - - ibid. • their demand on Sailors fined a (hilling - 372. Cloaths, tainted by fodl air, how to be purified - - 59. ' for Prifoners to be tried in 270, 289, 398. ■ to be worn in Gaol - 312. Clubs in Prifons, an abufe - 51. one for Wine and Beer 159, 198. Coals allowed 244, 254, 282, 326,422. 432- 219. 220. 100. 29 J. Cockermouth CoUhefier Bridewell Town Gaol Collar, iron, on Galley flaves Colleftion for Town Prifoners -^— through the County, annual - 277, 283, 288. Colleges, at Oxford, charitable 317. I Winchefter, donation 354. Collings, Abel, his charity - 291. Collyer, James, Efq. his complaint to the King of a bad Gaol 253. Commiflaire de la Prifon in France 90. Common-fide Debtors, fhould have allowance - - 58. Conciergerie at Paris - 82. late fire there 86. Condemned Prifoners, liberal al- lowance to, abroad 102, 107. — -^ — — ^_____ — not left alone 125. Page Condemned Prifoners, fent to a feparate Prifon in France 81. Cells for in Newgate - - 152. Contempts, Prifoners fo called 344. Conveyance to Aflize at Keeper's Expenfe - 264, 454, 457. — — to Quarter Seffions ditto - 285, 300, Co/iivay, Great SefEons at - 462, Cook, Capt. notes the efFeft of cleanlinefs on the behaviour of his (hip's crew - 59. Copper and Bath - - 45. Cornwall - - 381. Duke of. Proprietor 386. Court military of Archbp. of York 408. Court of Confcience Debtors, con- fined with Criminals 187, 194. cleared at different periods - 187, 394. — — ^^— fent to Bridewell 187, 194, Coueniry City Gaol - - 273. Bridewell - - 274. Coivbridge - - 47?. — — — — Great Seflions there 474. Crafter, John, a late Gaoler, commended - - 422. Crib bedfteads - 71, 264. Crowded rooms, bad effefts of 13, 14. Crown Debtors, not cleared by Infolvent Afts - - 11, Croydon, Aflize there, no Prifon 234. Cumberland I N D X. Page Cumberland - - 430. Cutaneous Diftemper in a Prifon 260. D. Dagge, Abel, a Gaoler, commended 49. i)(j/{/ori/ Bridewell - - 226. Da-ventry Town Gaol - 309. Davers, Sir Charles, Proprietor 267. Dean and Chapter, Proprietors 409. . of Borough St. Peter, their Prifon 310. of York, Proprietor - 407. Debtors, why not permitted to work 9. ■ ■ few have their Groats 10. ■ to be feparate from Felons by Aft Charles II. - 46. — — ^ few in Foreign Countries, the reafon why 88, 117, 120. ■ French, how cleared by Parliament - - 90. -^— — allowed as Felons 151, 170, 174, 216, 232, 242, 254, 257, 276, 280, 282, 306, 326, 435, 442. 453- ■ confined with Felons 194, 208, 359. — — — work in the Crown and Shire Halls - - 436. refufing to fubmit to Gaoler's commands - 454, Delfi - 13*- Denbighshire - 456- Derbyshire 282. Derby County Gaol - ibid. Town Gaol . 28s. Derby, John, his legacy - 367- —^ Lord, Proprietor - 451- De-vizes - 364- Devonshire - 37>- Delays of trial in France, correfted by Parliament - - • 89. ——^ — Duke of, Proprietor 409. Difcipline, gentle in Bridewells 72. — ^-^-^ exadt in French Gaols 86. Difpenfary, General, their charity 175. Do/gel/y . - 463• Z)o/ //«jv at Amfterdam - 128. Donations, Lifts of, wanting 63. Doncajfer - - 410. Dorchejier County Gaol - 366. Dorsetshire - - ibid. Dowr Caftle - - 227. — Town Gaol - - ibid. Drunkennefs, how puniflied in a Sheriff's Officer - 130. Dublin Gaoler non-refident - 53. Dungeons, daily vifited in France 87. '■ French, horrid 87, 91, 95. .— in nonewPrifonsabroad io6. ■ great numbers confined in one - - 261. ' oflagonal, very deep 270. I for Debtors - 277. — — deep, circular, aired by Hand A'entilator - 322. — — in a new Bridewell 451. Dungeons, N D X. Page Dungeons, other inftances of in Prifons zii, 213, 214, 243, 246, 255, 258, 267, 273, 274, 281, 283, 288, 293, 296, 303, 309, J12, 314, 316, 319, 327, 33I' 334. 354. 37'> 382. 39*. 405, 407, 408, 417, 426, 436, 440, 443, 449, 454, 47 z. Dunghills &c. to be removed 60. Duntze, Dr. and his Friend catch the Gaol-Diftemper in London - - iiB. Durham - - 416. — ^-^^— County Gaol - ibid. -^— — ^ Bridewell - 420. Bilhop of, Proprietor 417. Dutch and Englifli money com- pared - - 132. E, Ecclefiaftical Court Debtors, no bail for - - 11. — ^— — Warrant, part of the form - - 413. Edraunfton, William, his legacy 438. 439- Edward VI. his grant to Lord Wentworth - - 189. Ely Gaol - - 252. — Bilhop of. Proprietor - ibid. — Bridewell - - ' 253. Page Employment, none In Bridewells 194, 213, 230, 236, 272, 274, 279, 285, 293, 300, 319, 329, 338, 347. 348. 3S7. 359. 369. 383. 390, 394, 40Z, 403, 420, 451. Essex - . 216. Etty, Mr. LefTee, lets - 316. Exchequer Debtors, no bail for 11. ■■ one ten years in Gaol - - 474> Writs, part of the form of - - 345. —————— — fufpicions con- cerning - - ibid. Executions, few in Holland - 1 20. folemnity of abroad ibid. - 371- - 373- - 376. - 377- - 3'°- - '47' Exeter High Gaol Sheriff's Ward - ■^— Bridewell City Gaol ■ Lord, Proprietor Explanation of Tables Extra-work, Prifoners fliould have profit of - - 7j F. Falmouth - - 385, Familhed, almofl, by negleft of . Keeper, three Prifoners 231. — fix Prifoners 338. Farming Provifion, acaufeofdiftrefs 12. S f f Farming I N D X. 225. 239- 394- Page farming Provifion, refufcd on de- teftion of abufe elfewhere 468. Farifti, Mr, Chaplain, vifitedthofe fick of Gaol-Fever - 431. Faftenings of curious contrivance 440. Fees, Ihould be abolifhed - 57. i^-^ Tables of Ihould be hung up 63. ■ what are legal - 149. lately raifed by Juftices 186. — — paid by County - 223, 426. — — aboliflied in Canterbury Bridewell ■ a Table of dated 1603 — — detention for — — lowered by Judges 265, 420. — ^ paid by Magiftrates - 422. no Table of 214, 227, 230, 231, 242, 253, 262, 267, z68, 275, 281, 285, 293, 301, 307, 309, 310, 312, 313, 314, 319, 320, 329, 342, 347, 349, 356, 357. 358. 363. 369. 370> 372, 380, 382, 383, 386, 390, 392, 394, 403, 409, 4H, 431, 433, 439' 44'. 452. 46«. 462. 463. 464, 466, 46S, 4-0, 472, 474. Feet of Prifoners fore and black 187. Felons, their allowance fcanty 11. chained at night to bed- Heads - - 267. ■— ^ lately efcaped - 312, 443. —^ beg in the flrcets at Chriftmas - 361, 372. ■ fick, relieved by Recorder 436. Page Fenelon, quotation from - 68. Fenton, Mr. Recorder, his hu- manity - - 436. Fighting in Gaols to be puniftied 62. Fines, what Prifoners called fo 148. — — very miferable - 344, 468. no County allowance to 344. Fire, Sheriff's Officer to attend at 130, —^ efcape from on the Leads 171. Fire-place neceffary in a Bridewell 71. Firing given by Gaoler to Common-fide Debtors - 373. ^— and candles allowed in plenty - - 422. Fijberton- Anger Gaol - 361. Fleet Prifon - - 156. Flintshire - - 453.. Flint County Gaol - ihid. Fokingham Bridewell - 301. Food, want of in Bridewells 8. ■^^— — ^— in County Gaols 9, — — regulation of - 60. Free ward, neceffary for Common- fide Debtors - - 58. none - 241, 312, 316, 336, 409. — — — a thorough-fare to other rooms - - 296. Gabriel, John, his donation and legacy - - 340' Gjaifjtomugh N D X. Page Cainjborough Bridewell - 300. Galley-flaves in France, com- mencement of their term 81. — — in Bern, fo 'Called loo. • Honnetes and Denionnettea - 109. Gaming, a bad cuftom in Prifons 26. ' prohibited - 4.45, 4.50. Gaol, County, propofed plan of 42. — — profefledly not for Punilh- ment at Utrecht - 131. Gaol- Committee, their Report of opinion of Judges againft Ironing 28. ' their difappro- bation of Taps in a Prifon 5 1 . their Lift of Charities to the Fleet - 159. Gaol-Delivery, but once a year 30, 258, 418, 422, 426, 431, 433. ■ once in 3 years 411. Gaol-Diftemper, Stowe's account of 2. - deftroys more than are executed - - 17. fpreads beyond the Prifon - - ibiii. — unknown in fome countries abroad - 100. —^^— none in Ruffia Hid. ' inftances of in Englifli Gaols 175, 192, 212, 217, Z19, 223, 226, 230, 233, 242, 244, 270, 293, 322, 331, 340, 342, 344, 354, 357, 364, 365, 382, 383, 389, 390, 402, 431, 440, 444, 475. Page Gaoler, non-relident, a grievance 33. — — his duty - - 49. -^-^— French, hanged for fuffer- ing a Prifoner to ftarve - 86. « ftrift regulations con- cerning - - 129. of two Gaols thirty-three years - - 297. ' four fucceffions of in the fame family - - 307. — — — forty-four years in office, figns Rules and Orders, and requires Garnifh - 367. ■ by Patent from Bifhop 416. paid by Hereditary Sheriff 433. Garnifh, explained - - 25. — — — forbidden in France 83. ■^— ^— a paper hung up demand- ing it - 190, 217, 285. ■ forbidden by Juftices 332. — required by a Gaoler 367. ■ required in an old Table of Fees - - 408. Garnifh room - - 264. Gate-houfe, Wejlminfter - 195. Gene'va - - - ^7. Gerrard, Sir Thomas, his charity 438. Ghent - - - 138. Gilpin, Bernard, preaches in Prifons 54. Glamorganshire - 473> Glafgoiv, Gaoler there ordered to fee every room daily - 53. — — politenefs of the Ma- giftrates - - ihid. Sffz Glafs I N D Page Glafs windows, improper in Gaols 44. Gloucestershire - 343. Cloucefter Caftle - - ibid. . City Gaol - 350. Godolphin, Earl of. Proprietor 386. Go/fort - - 357- Gould, Judge, fines a Gaoler for detaining acquitted Pri- foners - - 32. Grand Chatelet at Paris - 82. Grate in floors - - 45. Groats, Debtors - - 10, 62. Groningen - - 1 30. Guildford Bridewell - - 240. Gwynn, Eleanor, her charity 209,234. H. Hague - - 12S. Halifax - - 415. HaUamjhire - ~ 412. Haller, Dr. his opinion of our Gaol-Fever - - 103. HalJIid Bridewell - - 22*. Hamburgh - - ijj. Hammocks hung to the ceiling 186. Hampshire - - 353. Hanau ... 109. Hanover - - 1 1 4. Hanway, Mr. on feparate con- finement - - 43. Harlc, Thomas, Gaoler, com- mended - - 422. Page Hafledine, Thomas, his charities 297. Hajlar Hofpital, Gaol-Fever there 19. Ha'verford Weft County Gaol 465. — — • Town Gaol 466. Haulton Caftle - - 452. Hayes, Thomas, Prifoner from Ecclefiaftical Court Herefordshire Hereford County Gaol ^— ^— Bridewell City Gaol Herris, Elizabeth, her charity Hertfordshire Her ford County Gaol Bridewell 388. 335- ibid. 338- ibid. 217. 211. ibid. 2'3- 393- 279. 213. 251. 401. 227. Heydon, John, his legacy Hinkley Bridewell Hitchin Bridewell Hobfon, Thomas, his charity Hodgcfion, Dr. his charity Holdernefs, Earl of, Bodar .— —^ Proprietor 408. Hopital General near Paris - gz. Horde, Thomas, his charity not fully paid - - 316. Horjham, Felons there near efcaping 42, Gaol - - 228. Bridewell - - 230. Huifh, George, Town Clerk, figns Table of Fees - - 359. Hull, murderer there cleared by delay of trial - .31. — ^ Gaol - - - 411. — — Bridewell - - ibid. Huntingdon- N D E X. Page Huntingdonshire - 245. Huntingdon Gaol and Bridewell ibid. HufTey, Rebecca, her charity 295, 297, Hutchinfon, Efq. his charity loft - - 291. Janitor appointed by Conftable ap- points a deputy - - 314. Idiots and Lunatics in Gaols 16,412,436. Idlenefs, ill effedls of in Prifons 20. not permitted in Dutch Houfes of Correftion - 123. —— lamented by a Keeper 347. Idler, quotation from - 24. Jews, excufed from working on their Sabbath - - 114. ■ ward, Poultry Compter 171. Ill language punifhed in Sheriff's Officers - - 130. Implements and Materials required in Bridewells by Aft of Par- liament - - 70. Infirmaries, neceflary in Gaols 45. in French Gaols how fituated - - 82. Infirmary, one room, inconve- nience of it - - 398, Influenza prevailing, negledled by Surgeon - - 449. Infpeilors necelTary - - 66. — ^— • at Mentz - - 109, Page Inftrudion, religious, given in Dutch Houfes of Correftion 122. John of Gaunt's grant from Edward III. - - 409. Ipfrxich Gaol - - 263. ' Bridewell - - 265. Ireland, no Tap in Gaols there 52. Irilh Afts concerning Prifons - 14, 44, 52, 60, 62, 70. Irons, ufed by fome Gaolers from avarice - - 27. — — not ufed in French Gaols 80. ^— ufed at Hamburgh - 115, I on French Prifoners - 134. — — ufed in Bridewells 260, 267, 314. Z^9- on a woman in Bridewell 267. — — on women difufed - 270. ■ ordered to be taken off for a weekly payment - 299. Juflice, fpeedy, good effefts of 99. Juftices, bound to infpeft Bridewells 66. — ^— fineable if a Bridewell with a Court-yard be not provided - - 70. Juftitia, the Convidls on board 75. I'velchejier County Gaol - 387^ Keeper, figns Table of Fees - 190, 244, 246, 437. above forty years - 336.. Keeper's I N D Page Keeper's Freehold, a Bridewell 349, 358, 43t. — — 's Shop in a Bridewell 348. Keinpe, Frances, her charity loft 255. Kendal County Bridewell - 434. — — Town Gaol - - ibid. Kent - - 222. Kidcots, Gaol fo called - 404. King, Proprietor 294, 296, 314, 443. 's Bounty offered to Cornwall 382. — — 's Evidence fliould be confined feparate - - 44. King, Lord Chancellor, his decla- ration againft feverity - 28. King's Bench Prifon - - 196. ■ allowance to from Lincoln Caftle - 297. Kingfion Bridewell - - 237. — ^^ Town Gaol - 239. King ft on upon Hull (fee Hull). Knarejborough Honour and Foreft 409. — ^— — — Town Debtors 410. Town Gaol - ibid. Knights, Efquires, Gentlemen, Yeomen, different rates of board and lodging 39S, 419. Page Lancafter Caftle - - 435. Land-tax paid by Keeper - 295. Langton, Mrs. her charity - 438. Latham, Peter, his charity - 438. Laimcefton - - 38 1. Lau/anne - - 99. Lavenham Bridewell - 266. Laiuford^ s-gatt, Briftol - 346. Laws made by Prifoners - 164. Lawfon, Mrs. her charity - 401. Leeds (Torkjhire) - - 411. — — Dnke of. Proprietor - 415. Legacies, lifts of neceflary - 63. ■ care of required by the Adl 3 2d George II. - ibid. care of at Bruges - 138. antient table of - 379. loft 234, 255, 291, 297, 405, 418. no memorial of 249, 264, 267, 270, 297, 336,. 340, 351, 362, 367, 383, 393, 405, 418. 276. ibid. 279. 280. 281. 131. 230. Leicestershire Leicefter County Gaol County Bridewell ■ Borough Gaol ■ Town Bridewell Ladbroke, Sir Robert, letter to him quoted . - 13. Lancashire - - 435. LciMarden Le-iues Bridewell Licences to fell Liquor, pernicious effefts of in Gaols - 50. Lincolnshire - - 295. Lincoln Caftle - - itid. Lincoln N D X. Page Lincoln City Gaol - - 303. Lind, Dr. on fpread of Gaol-Fever in the navy - - 19. Linen, charity of to Prifoners in Paris - - 84. clean, weekly, to Prifoners abroad - 84, 113, 137, 141. Litchfield ... 329. Litter, &c. a nuifance in Prifons 60. Liverpool ... 440. London . - - 151. Lofiiijithiel ... 386. Ludgate, new - - 166. Ludlonu - _ . 334. Lumley, Lady, her charity - 401. Lunatic, in a Bridewell 260, 412. many years in a Gaol 436. Lunenburg - - - 1 1 4. Lynn Regis . _ - 262. Lyons, bad dungeons at - 95. —— excellent Hofpital at - 96. M. Macclesfield Prifon -— Bridewell 451. 452. Maglftrates, faulty in not infpeding Prifons . - 67. • infpeft weekly at Ghent - - 140. Maidfione Gaol - - 222. ■ Bridewell - . 225. Mai/on deforce, at Ghent - 140. Malt ground in a Prifon Manchefler Manheim Marlborough Marfiialfea allowance to from Lincoln Caftle - - 297 Mailer ofWorkhoufe, Keeper of a Page 347- 439- 112. 365- 205. Bridewell 279, 319, 44i. Matron at Blackfryars Bridewell 179. Clcrkennxiell ditto - l86. tothefick - - 255. Mats to fleep on - 226, 277. on Bedlleads - - 279, Mechlin - - - 137. Medicines, Cordial better than Sudorific in Gaol-Fever 244. Melton Monubray Bridewell - 279. Mentz _ _ 1 107. Merionethshire - - 463. Middk--mch ... 447. Miniller of Parifh in Ireland to take care of Allowance . 62. Mold Great Sefllons, conveyance to at Gaoler's expenfe - 454, Monmouthshire - 339. Monmouth County Gaol - ibid, Montague, Duke of, Conftable 314. Montgomeryshire - 459. Montgomery County Gaol - ibid. — — — ^ City Bridewell . 460. Mops, Brooms, &c. allowed 422. Morals, vitiated in Prifons - 15. Morpeth County Gaol - 425, Morpeth I N D X. Page Morpeth County Bridewell - 428. Mortality, Bill of at Amilerdam 124. Mounfey, Dr. found no Gaol- Fever in Ruflia - - 100. N. Neivark - - 294. , Nezvcajlle upon Tyne Newgate 42 1 . — ^^— — — — Bridewell 424. fmall Gaol ibid, Ne-ixjgate - - 151. Ne-wport Bridewell (EJfex) 220. (IJlt of Wight) 358. Gaol (ditto) ibid. Neiu Prifoti, Clerkenivcll - 181. Night charges - 181, 185. Nimeguen - - 131. Norfolk - - 254. — — — Duke of, Proprietor 412. Norman, Francis, four years Lift of his Prifoners - 348. Norney, John, his legacy - 445. Northamptonshire - 308. Northampton County Gaol - ibid. I ■ Town Gaol - 309. Northumberland - 425. Nottinghamshire - 287. Nottingham County Gaol - ibid. ~^-— Town Gaol - 292. Bridewell - 293. ^or 394> 405' 458- Sherwin, John Efq. his charity 290. Shew, part of a Prifon fo called 379. Shreiujhitry County Gaol - 330. Bridewell - 334, Shropshire - - ibid. Sick Prifoners, care of at Bruges 1 37. — — ^— ^— — irons taken off from 223. neglefted by Sur- geon - - 264, 449. ■ 7 s. a week allowed to Gaoler for their diet - 288. — — 6d. a day allowed them - - - 320. ■ proper diet allowed them - - - 111-' —~——— in Bridewells, an Aft for their relief - 9. faid not to be included in late Aft 369. Situation proper for a Prifon - 40. — — a good one rejefted 273. Skeleton with chains, found - 317. Small-Pox, fatal in Gaols 267, 277, 316. Smith, Mr. his legacy - 362. Soie, Liberty, its extent - 310. Gaol for - - ibid. Solitude beneficial in Prifons 43. Solitary cells, their effeft on malefaftors - - 152. Sokthurn - - - I 03. Somersetshire t - 3^7' Southampton Bar-gate - 358. t 2 Southampton I N D Southampton Gaol Bridewell Page 3S8 359 232 293 301 59 127 Sottthivark, Surry Gaol Southivell Bridewell Spalding Bridewell Speftator, Quotation from Spin-hou/e at Amjierdam Spirituous Liquors, fine for pot hanging up Claufes againft 64. inftances of Claufes againft not hung up, (T^e Claufes). — ^ fine on Gaolers who fell them - - 'bid. onanywho bring them ibid. Stable Ihould be made a Day- room 258; 361, 388 Staffordshire Stafford County Gaol Bridewell 326. ibid. 329. 301. Stamford Star-chamber Prifoners, whither fent - - 156. State Houfe, fo called, in King's Bench Prifon - - 197. Stepney M.ZTMX, its extent - 189. Stove to every room in a Prifon 99. Strajliurg, Debtors aliment there 107. Straw, want of in Prifons - 15. — — and bedding, ^jv Bedding). — — paid for /I'r load by County 255. — — ordered by Matron - ibid. — — plenty becaufe not farmed 327. —— a legacy for it - 401. Stream of water, beneficial in Gaols 41. race Sudbury - - 268. Suffolk - - 263. Sunday dinner, an encouragement 61. ■ no vifitors admitted on 101. allowance on, to prevent working - - 251. Surgeon, his duty - - 56. excufed from attending Gaol-Fever in Dungeons 372. Surry - - 232. Sussex - - 228, S-waffham Bridewell - 260. Tap, (hould not be held by Gaoler or Turnkey - - 50. . not held by Gaolers - 52. Tapfter holds rooms which he lets to Prifoners - - 157. Tarras floors - 283, 296. Talk, weekly, of Weavers - 143. Taunton County Bridewell - 389, fatal Aflize there - 18. Taylor, Elizabeth, her legacy loft 405. y/iaOTf Bridewell - - 319. Thanet, Earl of. Hereditary Sheriff 43 3. Tketford - - 261. Thirjk - - 402. Thomfon quoted in praife of Gaol-Committee - 28. Thornhill, Mrs. her charity 401. Thynne, Thomas, Efq. his legacy 362. Tiffot, I N D X. Page Tiflbt, Dr. his opinion of our Gaol-Diftemper - 9^, Toes, rotted off in Gaol ' - 39. Torture, difufed - - 114. — — — a vile engine for - 115. Tothill-fields Bridewell - 193. Toiver Hamlets Gaol - I91. Town-CIcrk figns Table of Fees 359. Town-Hall u fed by Debtors 214. Tranfports, the Contradlors Pro- perty - - 14S. ■ — — numerous in the Savoy and occafioning difeafe 152. ' their Fees paid by the County - - 223. < —— have County bread. and King's allowance 223, 288. ' from Quarter Sefiions allowed by County, as from Aflize by the King - 228, 331. not the King's allow- ance 312, 416, 426, 431, 436, 444. 468. almoft ftifled 380. chained to the floor for attempting efcape - 417. ' ditto for fufpicion 426. kept long in Prifon ibid, — — cloathed by County ibid. Truro - - 385. Tub, inconvenient to bathe in 288. Turfs, part of Keeper's pay 412. Turnkeys, their number fhould be increafed - - 29. Page Turnkeys fliould not be Prifbners 52, numerous in French Prifons - - 79. ■ have no Fees in France 80. Turnftiles and low gates at French Prifons - - 79. U. VJk County Bridewell Utrecht 342- 131. Vagrant Acl 17 th George II. quoted - - 66. Varying Towns where Affizes are held, a grievance - 29. Ventilators, neceflary in Gaols 45. in Gaols 178, 223, 244, 322. 33»- Vermin, a Prifoner disfigured by 410. Verfes, over Debtors grate - 312. Vilain, Count, his book - 144. Vilforde, large Prifon there 135. Vilitants, keep Prifoners from Chapel - - 5'5. — — — — a number at fkittles 159, 190. — — — — not admitted on Sunday loi. W. I N D Page W. Wakefield - 402. Jf ''ailing ford - - 314. Walter, John Rolle, Efq. Pro- prietor 371- If^arrington Bridewell • 4+'- Warwickshire 269. Warnvick County Gaol . ibid. Bridewell 272. Wafhing Wards daily; not dan- gerous - - 58. Water, want of in Prifons - 12. three pints a day allowed ibid. ftiould be freely acceffible 59. paid for by Keeper iS6, 194. inftances where not ac- ceffible 213, 214, 215, 220, 221, 225, 226, 227, 230, 251, 253, 261, 262, 266, 268, 279, 285, 286, 300, 301, 304, 309, 314, 319, 320, 329, 338, 346, 347. 34^. 349' 358. 363. 365. 370. 377. 380, 382, 385, 394, 397. 403. 407. 409. 4'o. 4". 412, 426, 429, 439, 451, 458, 464, 466, 468, 469, 472, 475. none but in a flood - 405. Weights, leaden, fattened to re- fraftory Prifoncrs - 451. Well, grand one in a French Prifon 92. Wells, Affize, no Prifon - 388. Westmorland - - 433. Weymouth, Lord, pays a legacy 362. White, Sir Thomas, his legacy 336. Aldcrm.ofYork, hischarity 401. Page WhiUchapelVntorv - - 189. Whiteha'ven Town Gaol - 432. JVhitc Lien Prifon, an ancient name 234. Whitewafliing &c. before late A£l 392. ■ neglefted 171,186,206. Wjckednefs in Prifons, and fpread from them - - 20. Wild beafts drawing a waggon, has relief oi - 108, 125. Williamfon, Sir Hedworth, per- petual' Sheriff by Bifhop's Patent - - 417. Wiltshire - - 360. IVinchefter County Gaol - 3,3. ■ College allowance 354. Prifon for Debtors 356. — ^— ^^ Bifhop of. Proprietor ibid. ■ Bridewell - ibid, Winchcomb - - 349. Windows, high ones proper 183. • Gaoler's, looking to Felons court 220, 283, 474. Window-tax, one caufe of dofe rooms • - 14. • paid by Keepers 175, 186, 189, 194, 209, 322, 325, 361, 384, 386. ^/»<^cr Callle - - 314. . Town Gaol - ibid. Wijheach Bridewell - 253. Witney Bridewell - - 319. Wives and children in Prifons 33. in no German ones - • iiS. Wives N D X. Page Wives and children in no Dutch Prifons - . 121. in the Fleet 160. in the King's Bench - - ig8. Woluerhampton Bridewell - 3^9. Women-felons Ihould be feparate from Men - - 44, ■ feparated from.Men in French Prifons - 82. — ^— keep Foreign Prifons clean - - 108. ■ modeft, complain of had companions - - 206. feparated from Men in Bridewell - 178, 185, 230, 236, 237. ■ many, yet Prifon dirty 376. ■ debtors, in fepaiate rooms 413. ' not feparated from Men though many rooms 43 •• Woodlridge Bridewell - 266. Wooden bars, obftrudl air - 223. Wood-Jireet Compter - - 174- Woollen Manufafture in Dutch Houfes of Correiftion - 121. ' Manufacturer Keeper of Bridewell - 376, 428. Pase "Worcestershire Worccjier Caftle ■ Bridewell ■ City Gaol 321. ibid. 323- 324- 70. Work in Bridewells neceflary — — conftant, yet Prifon not maintained by it - 113, 12 WorkinaBridewell 179,226,428,447. Work-houfe, commended 279, 434. — — part of one a Town Gaol &c. farmed 432- 3'9- Work-rooms, two for men in a Bridewell - - 220, IS. a week for ufe of 26.7. Work-fhop in Gaols - 47, Worfted Manufafture at Rotterdam 133, Wrexham County Bridewell - 458. — — — Great Seffions, Convey- ance to at Gaoler's expenfe 457. Wymundham Bridewell - 260, y. Yarmouth Gaol - 26r. 262. 396- Yorkshire . York Caftle . ibid. City Gaol - 404. —— Bridewell - - 407. St. Peter's Gaol - ibid. - Archbifhop of, Prifon for his Manors in Nattinghamjhire 293. .^— ^— Proprietor 408, Yorke, Sir Jofeph, his polite affiftance - - 128. Zdl mS. THE E N D. DIRECTIONS to the BOOK-BINDER. The Plates are to be inferted as follows : General Plan of a County Gaol, between Pages 48 and 49. Plan of La Maifon de Force, Ghent, - 140 and 141. Plan of Newgate, - - 152 and 153. Tab, III. being continued over from P. 480 to 481, Care is to be taken that the Lines coincide. ^sm. • X. ioL ' fMV^' ' ^h Sl .r L 1^ j^H^HJi^^^rxHSB IBSL^ * Tvv m k ^yK^HHi^^^^l^^w J« -^v^^^^H^^ ^ kJ S®! 1^ .1 t3>-