^iixiuiiiiuuajji^^^ amammmmmimm giq»»jtw»»m:>^o<»»«»[»ii^»nwi>.iOLH*ii«i xnxnxaxixo:xxxjxn±i »v, > S CENTf^ /i^-y C-yTC. AS / Ui (pk..rk<'i)ii1;iininfitli(>Hliort('st:iii(l most Kii)iiilt> rules and labor HUviiiK tiihlc.H ever devised. The mostori^iiuil arith- motical work published for centuries. Elegantly bound in cloth and gilt, price $1.50. -^DAVID'S DOUBLE-WHEEL PERPETUAL CALENDAR K- Giviiig all dates forever. Elegant, heavy cardboard, price $0.fiO. ^« DAVID'S CHARM CALENDAR |^ An ologant little metal pendant for vest chain, giving ;ill dates fur duo hundred years. Including double-wheel card calendar with explanation, iirico.. .$1.00. ADDRESS ALL ORDERS TO Lock Box 507. CHICAGO, ILL. THE GETTY CENTER LIBRARY PI^EFACE. It is surprising how many large enterprises and fortunes depend upon some few simple trade secrets the knowledge of which has baffled competition and crushed all rivalry. The jealous care with which special information in trade and manufacture is guarded frequently renders it a monumental task to procure a single receipt or formula. Some idea, then, may be formed of the vast amount of labor and ex- pense necessary to compile a work of this character. Books of recipes are quite numerous, but to the average person the good they contain is too often buried beneath a mass of wordy rubbish. In the preparation of this work the object has been to present all the best as well as the latest practi- cal receipts, prescriptions, and trade secrets. Over a quarter of a milhon pages of patent-oflfice reports, encyclopedias, trade journals, receipt books, and other special publications have been carefully scrutinized. To the knowledge obtained from them we include the original matter procured from tradesmen, chemists, and the published works and private practice of some of the most eminent physicians both in this country and Europe, a greater portion of which has never before appeared in print; all of which has been carefully tested where any doubt existed. It will be found that few, if any, misleading directions have been given. The prescrip- tions have been reproduced, after careful thought, in the form in which they were originally written. In having them filled patronize only honest and capable druggists. In test- ing the recipes follow the directions with rigid care, and practice on a small quantity of the article until you get it right. Realizing that perfection in anything has never been attained, yet we believe that the work contains more really practical information for use by the masses in every-day life than any similar publication. Chicago, March, 1889. THE AUTHOR. IHDEX. PAGE A Cheap Charcoal Stove 48 Approximate Measures 116 Baking Powders 15 Bay Kum, Best 40 Blood Purifier, Dr. Hamilton's. 120 Blood Purifying Tea 12] Breath Solution 34 Butter Color 125 Care of Teeth, Mouth,and Breath 32 Cascara Cordial 120 Catarrh Remedy, Electric 121 Catarrh Snuff 122 Catarrh Salve 122 Cenients^nd G lue 24 Armenian Glue 24 Glutina Cement 24 Iron Cement 25 Metal, Glass, and Stone Ce- ment 25 Cement, Rubber 123 (^happed Hands, etc.. Lotion for 39 ( 'hilblains. Treatment of 42, 43 ( 'ider. Artificial 15 Cleaning Preparations 7 Lightning Grease Renovator.. 7 Glove-Cleaning Compound... 7 Cleaning Tarnished Silver- ware 8 Cleaning Carpets 8 Universal Stain-Removing Table 9 Cleaning Soiled Wall-paper.. 12 Cleaning Marble and Tomb- stones 13 Cleaning Powder for Show- windows, etc 13 ( "ologne, Hoyt's German 41 Common Names of Chemical Substances 117 Copying Paper, Magic 6 Copying Pad, Gelatine 1 Corn and Wart Salve 42 Corn-Killer, German 42 Essential Oils, To Extract 17 Face Lotion, Calamine 39 Fire Extinguishers 4 Fire Hand Grenades 4 Fire Extinguisliing Compounds 5 Fire-proofing Compounds . . 123, 124 Flavoring Extracts 16 Foliotypes 2 Freckles, To Remove 36, 38 Freezing Mixtures 69 to 71 Furniture Varnish 13 Furniture Polish 14 Gold and Silver Imitations 32 Hair Tonic 41 Hair Grower, Pomade 41 Hair Oil, Cream 14 PAGE Hamlin's Wizard Oil 119 Hektograph 1 Hog Cliolera Cure 125 Himey, Artificial 14 How to Make an Incubator.43 to 48 Ice House and Refrigerator 64 Ice Houses, Cheap 66 Ice Chest, Cheap 69 Ice Without an Ice House 69 Inks 20 Black Inks 20, 21 Red Ink 21 Violet Ink 21 Blue Ink.. 21 Green Ink 21 Copying Ink 21 Indestructible Ink 22 Hektograph Ink 22 White Ink 22 Rubber Stamp Ink 22 Ribbon Ink 22 Marking Ink 22 Indellible Ink 22 Gold and Silver Ink 124 Ink for W riting on Metals .... 23 Ink Powders 23 Disappearing Ink 23 Invisible Inks 23 Ink Erasing Fluid 24 Kitlney and Liver Cure, War- ner's Safe 121 Lemonade Sjtup, Artificial 15 Liniments 119 Liniment, Wonder 119 Liniment, Liquid Lightning. ..119 Liniment, Rarey's Horse 125 Lip Salve 39 Liver Regulator 120 Manicure Powder 40 Manicure Salve 40 Maple Syrup, Artificial 14 Maple Sugar, Artificial 14 Mead, Genuine New Orleans 15 Medical Department— Prescrip- tions of eminent physicians, arranged and revised by F. V. Luse, M. D., Chicago, lU. Diseases arranged alphabet- ically. Authorities quoted: Agnew, AtthiU, Bartholow, Basham, Beasley, Bibron, Browne, Brown - S6quard, Chapman, Da Costa, Dewees, Ellis, Fenner, Gerhard, Getchell, Gross, Guy, Harts- horne. Hazard, Hebra, Keyes, Leibreich, Luse, Mackenzie, Milton, Mitchell, Pancoast, Porcher, Ricord, Ringer, PAGE Schafliirt, Smith, Sqnibbs, Tanner, Thornton, Trous- seau. Waring 103 Medicated Pads 118 Liver Pad 118 Kidney Pad 118 Lung Pad 118 Merchant's Gargling Oil 120 Mexican Mustang Liniment 120 Metal and Glass Secrets. 28 Hardening Composition for Steel 28 Composition to Toughen Steel 28 Softening Iron or Steel 28 liestoring Burnt Steel 29 Welding ( 'ast Steel 29 To DriU Hardened Steel 29 To Drill Holes in Cast Iron. . . 29 To Solder Ferrules for Tool HancUes 29 Soldering Without a Soldering Iron 29 Cleaning Gun-Barrels 29 To Resharijen Old Files 30 Mending Tinware at Home... 30 Good Way to Sharpen Razors. 30 Razor-Strop Paste 30 Cutting Ovals, etc., on Glass. . 30 Etching on Glass 30 To Drill and Ornament Glass. 31 Moles, to Remove 88 Paints 26 Durable Paint for Roofs. ..215, 27 Paint for Black Ix .ards 27 Removing Smell of Paint 27 Removing Paint 27 Pastes 2.') Paste for Wall-paper 25 Paste for Lal)eling on Tin — 25 Pasting Cloth or Leather to Wood 2.') Perry Davis' Pain Killer 119 Perspiration Powder 42 Plira.ses and .\l)l)reviation8 Used in Prescrii)tion8 114, 115 Pimple Lotion 40 Plating Without a Battery 31 Silver-Plating Soluticm 81 Silvering Powder 31 Gold Plating Solution 31 Nickeling Iron 31 Polishing Preparations 12 Polishing Powder 12 Polishing Pa.stes and Biills.... 13 Preservative Compoiuids 49 BartT's Boroglyccride 19 to 57 Fickett's Prcs(!rvativo Com- pound ._ 57 Howard's Preservative Com- pound 58 Preservation of Butter, Lard, etc 58 Corwin's Prcsorvativo Com- (loiiiul. 59 P.\GE Fruit Juice Preservatives 59 Smoke or Vapor Preserving Compounds 60 Salicylic Acid as a Preserva- tive tiOto 64 Radway's Ready Relief 120 Red Noses, Preparation for 39 Rose Water, Fine 40 Rubber Patching 123 Rubber Stamps, How to Make . . 17 Sea Foam, Quillaya 41 Shampoo Compound, Clifford's. 41 Shirts, How to Iron 10 Silos and Ensilage 73 to 84 Stage Illusions 85 The Three-Headed Woman 85 to 87 The Mysterious Voice. . . .87 to 89 An Imi)roved Psycho 89 to 92 Magic Cabinets, Boxes, etc. 92 to 96 The Swinging Half Lady. 9t) to 98 The Aerial Suspension ...W to 100 The Ghost Illusion 100 to 102 Stamping Patterns 6 Sunburn, to Remove 36 Symbols or Signs Used in Pre- scriptions _.. .114 Table for Calculating the Period of Utero-Gestation 116 Table to Assist the Beginner in Prescribing Ijiquids 116 Toilet Preparatiims 39 Toothache Drops 34 Tooth Powder, Best 33 Tooth Paste, Cherry 34 Toothwash, Antiseptic 34 Transferring Photog:raphs 6 Transferring Eml)roidery 7 Transferring Leaves 7 Vermin Exterminators 19 Phosphorus Pasie 19 Roach and Moth Exterminator 19 Moth Powder 19 Bedbug P [hektogbaph.] By this process a letter, postal card, drawing, or other manascript can be duplicated from sixty to one hundred times from one original. Reproductions from the copying pad are now admitted in the mails as third-class matter, i. e., one cent for every two ounces or fraction thereof. A soft, gelatinous composition, similar to that used in making printers' rollers, is made and poured into shallow pans of the required size. The pans should be made of stout zinc one-half inch deep on the inside, with a lid or cover. The length and breadth of the pans is determined by the class of copying to be done. Always make the pan slightly larger than the paper used. The three sizes given below will answer most purposes: Postal card size 4x6 inches. Note paper size 6' ixlO inches. Full letter size 9x12 inches. The composition is made as follows: Good glue 4 ounces av. Glycerine 16 ounces av. Water 8 fluid ounces. Break up the glue and soak in the water for a few hours, then heat by water-bath until melted. Next add the glycerine and heat together for some time to evaporate part of the water, and then strain into the pan, which should be placed perfectly level and filled about two-thirds full; skim with a card to free from bubbles, and set away to cool. An improvement consists in adding one ounce of carbonate of barium to the fluid while warm. The composition should be made somewhat softer for winter use than for summer, which can be done by adding a little larger proportion of glycerine. Another way to make the compo- sition is to soak over night in cold water best gelatine or glue 1 part, and the excess of water poured off. The glue is then warmed in a water- bath with the addition of from 10 to 12 parts of glycerine, to which may 1 2 SECKETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, be added 4 to 6 parts of finely pround heavj- spar, and one part dextrine thoroaghly mixed by constant stirring. (In summer less glycerine.) The letter or sketch to be duplicated is written on a sheet of paper with ink specially prepared for the purpose (see inks). For the original it is best to use smooth, well-sized writing paper, allowing the ink to dry without using a blotter. After writing the original place it face downward on the pad, and rub it gently with the hand to insure contact at every point. Let it remain from two to six minutes, according to the number of copies you wish to print. In cold weather it should be left longer, as it requires more time for the composition to absorb the ink. Remove the original carefully, and a reversed impression will be ob- served on the pad. To take off copies lay dry sheets of paper on the reversed impression, press gently, and remove quickly. When you have taken all the copies you require wash the ink from the surface at once with a sponge and plenty of luke-warm water; never use hot water. The surface of the composition will allow considerable rul)bing without fear of tearing it, if not done roughly and carelessly. Be sure your sponge is free from sand and grit, and also avoid scratch- ing with the finger nails. Always wash the surface with a sponge before using, and dry with a newspaper. In cold weather if the composition feels chilled it will not absorb the ink properly, and the copies will be faint unless it be carefully warmed to a moderate temperature. Atten- tion to these details will produce the most gratifying resulta. Folioiypes. Horace M. Engle, Esq., of Marietta, Pa., has devised a method of taking leaf-prints of marked beauty, which he terms "foliotypes," some specimens of wliich he sent to Dr. Gray, the eminent botanist, who pronounced the process a new way, and advised him to send an account of it to the Botanical Gazette, which he generously did. We liave em- ployed the method according to tlie explanation there given (which we reprint in full) with the most delightful results, having secured prints of gome beautiful leaves which are faithful to nature in color and out- line, with all their delicate tracery: "Tlie inetliod is of actual usefulness to the botanist, as well .is a refining recreation for otiiers who love Nature 'on general ijrinciples.' For illustrating monograpiis and simi- lar pa|>er8, whore the number is too limited to warrant an expensive litliograph; for identifying a rare specimen, or as an adjunct to an lierbarium, combining |n>rt:ihility, unalterability, anhuric acid and corking tightly. No practical increase in extinguishing power from this addition was noticed. In most instances the carbon dioxide gas e8cai)ed from the bottles inside of four days, proving that it is impracticahle to attempt to use glass vessels with corks as a means of storing C02 under pressure for fire extinguishing. AND GREAT PHYSICIANS. 5 Tiie conclusion reached from these and many more experiments was- that the Harden grenade solution possesses much roces»," etc. It is useut for the latter purpose nothing eiiuuls the folio- type method previously explained. AND GEEAT PHYSICIANS. / The paper is made by mixing pure lard or sweet, oil to the consiatpiice of cream with either of the following paints, the color of which is desired: Prussian blue, lamp black, Venetian red, or chrome green, either of which should be rubbed with a knife on a plate or flat surface mitil smooth. Use ra( her ttiin but firm paper; put on with a sponge and wipe off as tlry as possible. Lay the sheets between uncolored paper or newspaper, and press by laying books or some other flat substance upon them until the surplus oil is absorbed, when it is ready for use. Fob Copying Letteks and Orders.— Either two or three copies can be made at one time, as desired. To make two copies place a sheet of the magic paper between the two sheets selected for the order, bill, or letter, and write upon the upper sheet with a hard lead pencil (the harder the lead the cleaner the copy). It is best to place a piece of hard cardboard under all the sheets while writing. To make three copies use two sheets of magic paper, placing one be- tween the first and second leaves and the other between the second and third leaves. Proceed as in taking two copies by writing upon the top leaf. A stout, thin linen paper will produce the best results, but almost any kind will do. To Transfer Embroidery Patterns.— Place a piece of thin paper over the embroidery to prevent soiling; then lay on the magic paper and put on the cloth you wish to take the copy on to embroider; pin fast and rub over with a spoon-handle, and every part of the raised figure will show upon the plain cloth. To Take Impressions of Leayes.— Place the leaf between two sheets of the magic paper and rub it over hard; then take the leaf out and place it lietween two sheets of white jjaper; rub again, and you will have a beautiful impression of both sides of the leaf or flower. Cleai|ii|g Preparaiioi|s. Li§;htning (irease Renovator. An excellent general preparation for removing grease, paint, etc. t^astile soap (cut fine) 4 ounces. Hot water 1 quart. Dissolve, after which add and mix thoroughly. Aqua ammonia 4 ounces. Sulphuric ether 1 ounce. Glycerine 1 ounce. Alcohol 1 ounce. Water 1 quart. An elegant general preparation for cleaning gloves, silks, etc., is made as follows: Deodorized gasol ine (or benzine) 1 pint. Alcohol, chloroform, and ether, each i fluid ounce. Mix, and perfume with cologne, lavender, or any desired odor. Do not use near a flame. 8 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, "Gantein" for Cleansing Gloves.— The preparation sold under this name is made as follows: Dissolve 6 parts of soap in 2 parts of water; add 4 parts of bleaching liquor and M part of aqua ammonia. Rub the gloves with the fluid until clean. Cleai|ii|g TariiisKed Silverm/^are. [in use by all leading jewelers.] Cyanide potassium 3 ounces. Soft water 2 gallons. Mix and dissolve. Label it "poison," and place out of tlie reach of children. Have the article clean and free from ttrea.se; dip in solution till tarnisli is off, but no longer Cand under no circumstances leave it in too long). After immersion the article must be taken out and thor- oughly rinsed in a number of waters (warm preferred), then dried with a soft rag or sawdust. Another method, which is safe and cheap, consists in using a satu- rated solution of hyposnlpliite f)f soda to which a little Ijolted whiting hiis been added. Apply with a brush or cloth until the tarnish is re- moved. dark's \VasK for Carpels. Solution l.— Dissolve 10 parts of soap in 20 of water, and add 3* parts of soda and tme-half part of liquid ammonia and spirit of wine. Solution 2.— Ts tlu- «c/Ho/<7''<7;(.s;yi(/ //(/»/(/, and ccmsists of 4 parts t)f li()uid ammonia and :i of alcohol diluted witli water. The last solution is first used, and when the dirt loosened by it has been removed the soap solution is applied. Carpets thus treated regain their original colors in all their freshness, the entire operation of wash- ing and drying a large carpet requiring Init two hours, and th(> carpet need not be taken up. lJi|iVersa) S^aii| Table. Showing !it a glaiu-c what means to employ in removing any kind of stain from any kio b ri •-a N B ►-.CB ►1 B_ ■a 5' 5'p b' - o B In-B ■ & B "^ E^c- o'S -'"'5 PK a"" C SJ 3-. is w M o o It) OB p ■a CD o § ! H loo 1 P !2-B = O (t < |oF Sb^ 3.0P o w 2 • ST ' — ' n O to B ;yi. a j;;s. p * p B B an -^ §§ CD '^ •a CD B CD P N 5' P P i P ^-t EL CD £,P QQ O P I P P P cp CD O P 00 o p •a Pi B '^ B CD O Ji P P'O *3 P cc B- t— P CfQ CE 3 5' g^o£.B M ® B? C"CD K^ , B CE 'J? O • P N B-P 0" K' J^ 03 p B v-r'p'-.® - B CD ~B S Si i^p3 5 -tns c 2 S.g 3.'' o S*^ Q "=! t- o K W > u CO M Q el -1 M » ;»■ UK H © a? c H >• C0 05 10 SECBETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, Liebig's lkVasKii|g Fluid. SAVING HALF THE WASH-BOARD LABOR. Sal Boda 1 pound. Stone lime i pound. Water 5 quarts. Boil a short time, stirring occasionally; then let it settle and pour off the clear liquid into a bottle or jug and cork for use. Soak your clothes over night in simple water; wring out and soap wrist-bands, collars, and dirty or stained places. Have your boiler filled with water, and when at scalding heat put in a teacupful of the fluid, then put in your clothes and boil for half an hour, after which rub lightly through one suds only, rinsing well in the bluing water, and all is complete. For each additional boiler of clothes add half a cup of the fluid; of course boiling in the same water through the whole washing. If more water is needed in the boiler for the last clothes dip it from the sudsing tub. Soak your woolen and calico in the suds from which you have washed the white clothes, while hanging them out dipping in some of the Ijoiling water from the boiler, if necessary; then wash out the woolen anil calico as usual — of course washing out woolen goods before you do the calico. The fluid brightens instead of fading the colors. — Dr. Chase. Premium Washing Fluid.— This fluid is equal to tlie best that can be pre|)ared, and as it is recommended to be used in a simpler manner than the foregoing many will doubtless prefer it: Sal soda 4 pounds. Borax 2 ounces. Sal tartar 1 ounce. Aqua ammonia { pint. Spirit of camphor 2 ounces. Oil of turpentine 1 ounce. Hot water ti pints. Dissolve tiie sal soda, borax, and sal tartar in the hot water and add the otiier ingredients. Soak tlie clothes over night in water U> wliich lias Ijeen added a table-spoontul of the tiuul for each gallon of water; also add a little in washing water. flow I iron shirts. IIY MRS. UUSBANDI'LEASER. Take two ounces of spermaceti, one ounce of wliife wax, one ounce of i)araffine. Mix and put in a saucer over a lea-kettlo in which water is boiling, until melted, stirring several times. Then let it get cold, after whi<-h put in a clean box for use. To make tlic starch: For two shirts, collars, and cnfTs take one table- spoonful of starch dissolved in water; shave a piece of the above into it the size of a Imau. I'our boiling water into it until thick, cook twenty minutes and set away to cool. Take one tuble-Bpoonful of starch, dis- AND GREAT PHYSICIANS. 11 solve it in cold water, and when the boiled starcli gets lukewarm pour it over it, stir well, and strain. Have the garments dry and lay tlie starch on the wrong side and work it through. Be careful that the starch is rubbed in until the right side is wet all over. When well saturated roll up tight in a clean cloth. They need not lay but a few minutes. Stretch them on a bosom-board, and with a damp cloth rub out all the wrinkles. Lay a fine cloth over and iron it twice. If a collar or cuff turn it over and do the same on the other side. Take off the cloth and iron perfectly dry. If the bosom has pleats raise them before ironing di-y and dry under them. After the bosom is perfectly dry (for this polishing process you need a good, smooth, hard )>oard about two by one and a half feet— the harder the better— a marble slab of that size is better still), put the bosom on the bare board, dip a clean white cloth n water, wring almost dry, rub lightly over the bosom, then rub it with a dry cloth, and polish with back ot iron or with polishing iron, If any tlirt gets on rub off with a damp cloth and polish again. The polishing is not necessarily done the same day they are ironed. If your time is limited, or your work interrupted by callers or other duties, lay them aside after harLng ironed them perfectly dry. Liquid \Vashii|g plliii|g. Soluble Prussian blue 1 Ounce. Oxalic acid i ounce. Boiling water 1 quart. This makes the very best quality of bluing at a slight cost. Fai|ii)y \VasKii|g Soaps. We see no reason why every economical housewife should not profit by these simple methods of preparing cheap laundry soap, as they are the results of practical experience. Best Soft Soap. Take 4 pounds of white bar soap, cut it fine, and dissolve by heating in 4 gallons of soft water, after wliich add 1 pound of sal soda. Dissolve and mix thoroughly. If it is desired the soap can be made thicker by adding less water. Hard Soap With Lard. Sal soda and lard, each 6 pounds. Stone lime 3 pounds. Soft water i gallons. Dissolve the lime and soda in the water by boiling, stirring, and settling; pour off, then return to the kettle brass or copper), add the lard and boil it until it becomes soap. Then pour into a dish or molds, and when cool cut it into bars and dry it. 12 SECEETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, White Hard Soap With Tallow. Take 2 pounds each of fresh-slacked lime, sal soila, and tallow; dis- solve the soda iu 1 gallon of boiling soft water, stirring occasionally every few hoars after which let it settle, pouring off the clear liquor and boiling the tallow therein until it is all dissolved; cool it in a flat box or pan, and cut into bars or cakes as desired. It may be perfumed with oil of sassafras or any other perfume desired, stirring it in when cool. C)eai|ii|g Soiled Wa))«paper. The old form of this process was to use stale bread or bread baked to a proper consistency, but it seldom produces satisfactory results ex- cept in the hands of experts, and then it is an impossibility to keei) from scratching the surface of the paper with tlie sharp points of the crust. A dou^h preparation known only to a few experts engaged in cleaning walls by contract, and who have been known to make from $5 to $25 per day, is now used, which is far superior in every way to any- thing yet discovered. The walls can be cleaned over and over again, each time appearing as bright as new paper. Wheat flour _. Three parts. Powdered prepared whiting One part. Mix the fl«ur and whiting thoroughly, and add enough water to bring it to the consistency of ordinary dough. Use l)y taking a small piece — about twice the size of a hen's egg. Press against the wall and remove the dirt by making long strokes. After making a stroke knead the dirt into the dough, and continue doing so until it is useless. A quart of the preparation used in this manner will clean the walls of a good-sized room. When It is desired to keep the ingredients of the composition a secret a coloring matter may \w a<», copper, etc.: Fossil silica » 2 ounces. itouge (or tine crocus martis) Jounce. Prepared chalk 1 pound. Rub the fossil silica to a fine jxiwder and tiioroughly mix witli tlio clialk. This will not scratch the finest surface. L's«' by iiililiiiig witli a dam]) sponge or rug, an White wax 5 ounces. Potash 7i ounces. Boil lightly for fifteen minutes, allow to cool, and then skim off the wax which floats on the surface. Apply the wax to the furniture, and by rubbing it an hour afterward with a woolen cloth a beautiful luster will be the result. 14 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, Frei|cK Fliri|RUre Polish. This is the best article that can bo made for restoring the luster anil color of furnitare: Butter of antimony 3 fluid ounces. Linseed oil 12 tiuid ounces. Alcohol 6 fluid ounces. Shellac 2 ounces av. Oil of turpentine 10 fluid ounces. Hydrochloric acid 1 ounce. Dissolve the shellac in the alcoliol and add the linseed oil and tur- pentine; then add the hydrochloric acid and butter of antimony, which has been previously mixed, and thoroufjhly mix all together. Apply with a tuft of cotton, and finish by rubbing down hard with Canton flarmel or a woolen rag. Maple SyrUp ai|d SUgar* [aetifioial.] It is an astonishing fact that nine-tenths of the so-called maple sugar and maple syrup sold as tlie genuine articles are nothing more tlian clever imitations. The method of making the best quality of these im- itations—and which really defies detection of a majority of dealers and consumers — is very cheap and simple, a gallon of the syrup costing about fifty cents and the sugar simply the cost of ordinary, cheap sugar. We were told by a Mr. Baldwin of Kentucky, a son of the reputed dis- coverer of the secret for producing the maple flavoring, tliat various manufacturers of imitation maple sugar and syrup in the large cities liad paid his father thousands of dollars in royalties for his discovery. Procure a quantity of the rough outside bark of wliat is known as scaly- bark liickory tree. Take at)f)ut 3 or 4 pounds of the liark and boil in one-half gallon of water until it is reduced to a quart, then strain and add T) pounds of common brown or yellow sugar; heat again until thor- oughly dissolved and it is ready for use. To make imitation maple syrup simply boil the syrup until it is reduced back to sugar again, and when it is made proi)erly the flavor and appearance of the genuine arti- cle is obtained. Artificial iloneW- riarified sugar 10 pounds. Pure honey (strained) 8 pounds. Soft water 3 pints. ('ream tartar 1 drachm. Essence peii|>ermiiit 10 drops. Dissolve thi- sugar in the wati-r by the aid of gentle heat; take off the Hcuiii.and the honey and the cream tartar previously dissolved in a little water; bring to the boiling point, stir well, then let it cool. AND GKEAT PHYSICIANS. 15 Ariificia) Lei|ioi|ade Syrlip. Loaf sngar 2 pounds. Citric acid 2 ounces. Concentrated essence of lemon 2 drachms. Essence of almonds 20 drops. Hot water 2 pints. Dissolve the citric acid in hot water, add the sugar, and lastly the lemon and almonds. Stir well, cover with a cloth, and leave until cold. Two table-spoonfuls to a tumbler of cold water will make an excellent drink as refreshing as the best lemonade. Pesi ArUficial Ci^er. Water 25 gallons. Honey (or iine syrup J li gallons. Catechu (pure) 6 drachms. Alum li ounces. Yeast i pint. Ferment for fifteen days in a warm place, then add: Bitter almonds 2 ounces. Cloves 2 ounces. Whisky 6 pints. Burnt sugar, to color. If acid should be in excess add honey or sugar; if too sweet add cider vinegar to suit the taste. Gei|Uii|e INfeW Or)eai|s Mead. Sarsaparilla root (contused) 8 ounces. Licorice 8 ounces. Cassia bark (contused) 8 ounces. Cloves 2 ounces. Coriander seeds 3 ounces. Ginger 8 ounces. Boil for fifteen minutes in eight gallons of water and let stand till cold to settle down, then strain through a tiannel rag, and add to it in the fountain: Syrup 12 pints. Honey 4 pints. Tincture of ginger 4 ounces. Solution of citric acid 4 ounces. Add enough water to complete ten gallons, and charge with gas. — Prnf. E. S. Wayne, in Kilner s Formulary. |3akii|g 'PoW^^rs. Pure baking powders are very simple in composition, care being used in preparing them and procuring pure ingredients. According to the advertised statements of the various leading manufacturers we are 16 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, forced to make oiir own if we desire a pure and wholesome article. As the essential ingredients of the best baking powder are baking soda and cream of tartar we need only be careful in buying of honest grocers or druggists who wili guarantee their purity. It is not difficult to procure pure soda, but the cream of tartar is frequently adulterated, and care must be nsed in its purchase. It is very important that the materials used must be finely powdered, perfectly dry, and thoroughly mixed. For household j)urposes a patent sifter is the best to use in mixing. Run the articles through a number of times and free from all lumps. The ingredients can be dried by placing them in an oven for a short time before mixing. Baking Pon^der No. 1. Pure cream of tartar 2 pounds. Pure bicarbonate of soda 1 pomid. Corn starch 2 ounces. This is the best that can be made. One to two tea-spoonfuls to a qaart of floor. Baking Powder No. 2. A cheaper powder, but superior to the majority of powders you will buy, is prepared as follows: Pure cream of tartar 2 pounds. Pure bicarb(mato of soda 2 pounds. Tartaric acid 6 ounces. Corn starch 1 pound. Best flour 4 pounds. Use two tea-spoonfuls to a quart of flower. Do not be afraid of the tartaric acid, as it is harmless. It is best to keep your baking powder in a well-stopped jar or bottle. Flour, terra alba, alum, and chalk are the chief ingredients used in the adulteration of cream of tartar. To determine the admixture of flour ml) a few grains of iodine with one ounce of the suspected cream of tartar; if so adulterated « blue tint to the mixture will be produced; or by dissolving a small quantity in water you can prove its presence by the stickiness. Chalk may be de- termined by its effervescing on the addition of diluted acids; alum by dissolving in hot water and allowing the solution to chrystnllizo; terra alba and other clays by their insolubility in a hot solution of caustic potaasa. FlaVoriiig Exiracis> The profits to manufacturers and dealers on these household necessi- ties are very large, and the prudent consumer will take advantage of the flireclions Lore given. Extracts of lemon an, and fonuiilas for making them are very valual)li'. In this concclion wo give approved and tested formulas for cverytliing in tlic ink line KiiK' itiHck Ink. I t'KoM I.OIIWCMII). I A good lilack ink can be made by lioiling:! iinnndHof h>gwn?lass 12 parts. A(iua ammonia 1 part. Distilled water 38 parts. The potash water glass should be of the consistency of syrup. Hektoirraph Ink. (SKE PAGE 1.) A good purple ink to use on the gelatine copying pad, or hektograph, is prepared as follows: Methyl violet 1 ounce. Water 8 ounces. Glycerine 1 ounce. Alcohol i ounce. Dissolve the methyl-violet in tlie water and aild the glycerine. Gently warm the solution for an hour, and after cooling adil the alcohol. When black liektograph ink is desired, instead of the methyi-violet use double the amount of negrosine. White Ink. An excellent white ink, which can be used with a pen for writing on colored cards or paper, may be made as follows: Flake white 12 drachms. Mucilage of gum Arabic C drachms. If too thick add water; if too thin, more mucilage. Shake well while using. Riiliber-Stanip Ink. Aniline (desired color) i ounce. G ly cerine 2 ounces. Itibbon Ink. FOR TYPE-WKITEK8, DATING STAMPS, ETC. Aniline i ounce. Alcohol 4 ounces. (ilycerino 7 ounces. Water 4 ounces. Dissolve the aniline in the alcohol and add the other ingredients. Markinif Ink. FOB PACKAGES AND BOXES. Extract of Lf)gwood 8 ounces. Jiichroniate of potash 1 fmnce. Hydrochloric acid I ounce. Dext ri no 4 ounces. Water i gallon. Boil the logwood with the water, add the acid and potash, and lastly the dextrine. Indelible Ink. FOR MARKINO I-INEN, ETC. Dissolve T) parts of lunar caustic in 10 parts of spirit of sal ammoniac. Add to tlie H(jlutiou 7 parts of pure soda, 5 of gum Arabic, and 12 of water. AND GBEAT PHYSICIANS. 23 Ink Tor Writing on Metals. VALUABLE IN MASKING TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS. Muriatic acid 1 ounce. Nitric acid i ounce. Cover tlie portion of metal you wish to write upon with melted bees- wax and allow it to cool. Write the inscription plainly with any sharp- pointed instrument through the beeswax to the metal. Apply the acids with a feather or rag, careftdly filling each letter, and let it remain from one to thirty minutes, according to the desired depth of the lettering, after wnich wash off the beeswax and acids and rub over with a little sweet oil to prevent further rust or tarnish. Ink Powders. As in the case of fluid inks there- are many formulas for preparing ink powders. The following are the best: Black.— Nut-galls, 1 ounce: copperas, i ounce; gum Arabic, 7 ounces. Add one clove to to this quantity. Or, take negrosine, 1 ounce; dex- trine, 3 ounces; mix. Blue. — Water blue aniline, 1 ounce; dextrine, 5 ounces. Or, soluble Prussian blue, i ounce; dextrine, t ounce. Green. —Aniline green, 44 parts; gelatine, 4 parts, and lunar caustic, 2 parts. Or, green aniline, 1 part; dextrine, 4 parts. Ked. — Eosine aniline, 1 ounce; dextrine, 1 ounce. A tea-spoonful to a table-spoonftd of the powder is dissolved in 1 pint of water, requiring from i to 1 hour to make the solution. Disappearing Ink. Boil some nut-galls in aqua fortis, and add to the infusion some gum Arabic and a little sulphuric acid. When written on paper this ink is perfectly legible, but will disappear from the paper in a few days. Invisible Ink. Invisible inks are those which when first written are not visible, but upon the application of heat or other means the characters are made to. appear distinctly. The following are decidedly the best preparations fortius purpose: Oil of vitriol 1 fluid ounce. Soft water 1 pint. This makes a fluid which is perfectly invisible until heat is applied by holding over a lamp or by placing in an oven, when it changes to a permanent blacK. Write with a clean steel pen. All invisible inks will show on glazed paper, therefore unglased paper should be used. Another singular invisible ink is made as follows: Oxide of cobalt, i ounce; muriatic acid, sufficient to dissolve it; water, 4 ounces; muci- lage of gum acacia, 1 drachm. Place in a stained bottle. Characters written with this solution are invisible, but on the application of heat they instantly appear in blue. On cooling they again become in- visible. 24 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, luk Erasint; Fluid. Hydrochloric acid i ounce. Water 1 pint. Mix, bottle, and label No. 1. Solution of chlorinated soda I pint. Water 1 pint. Mix, bottle, and label No. 2. To erase ink dip the end of a penholder or pencil in No. 1 and apply to the writing, and do the same with No. 2. Let remain a moment and bhit off with clean blotting-paper. If the characters are not erased re- peat as before. Cei|iei|is ai|^ GlUe. Arinenimi (ilue. The jewellers of Turkey, wiio are mostly .\rmenians, have a singular methor to make a pint, and strain. AND GREAT PHYSICIANS. 25 To Cement Iron to Iron. Powdered cast-iron bore chips 60 parts. Sal-ammoniac 2 parts. Flowers of sulphur 1 part. Mix, and stir the mixture into a stifif paste by adding water. Use while fresh. Cementing Metal to (ilass, Stone, Etc. For attaching metal plates, such as metal letters, etc., to flat sheets of glass or windows, the following is excellent: ( "opal varnish 15 parts. Drying oil 5 parts. Turpentine 3 parts. Melt in a water Ijath, and add 10 parts of slaked lime. The cement commonly used for fastening the tops on kerosene lanips is plaster of Paris, which is porous, quickly penetrated by the kerosene, and readily destroyed. A cement which does not have this defect is made by boil- ing 3 parts of resin and 1 of caustic soda in 5 of water. This composi- tion forms a soap, which mix with half its weight of plaster of Paris. Use while fresh. Pasiesj Paste for Wall-paper, Etc. Dissolve I ounce of salicylic acid in half a gallon of warm water, and when cold stir in as much flour as will bring it to the consistency of cream, being particular to break up all the lumps; next place it on the fire and allow it to cook gently for a few minutes, stirring well mean- while. This paste answers a variety of purposes. The salicylic acid is to keep it from spoiling. The addition of 1 ounce of powdered colo- cynth to the above amount will effectually banish all insects and worms from the walls where the paper is pasted. Paste for Labeling on Tin. Ordinary pastes will not adhere labels to tin. The following is a good one: Make a paste of gum tragacanth and add a little oil of winter- green. Apply by removing the film of grease from the tin by a solution of caustic soda (10 parts of water to 1 of soda). Apply with a rag to the spot on which you wish to affix the label. Paste to Fasten Cloth or Leather on Wooden Surfaces. Wheat flour 2} pounds Resin (powdered) i ounce. Salicylic acid i ounce. Rub together till a uniform paste is formed, transfer to a small ket- tle over a fire, heat, and stir until the lumps are all dissolved and the paste becomes stiff; tranfer to another vessel and cover up. This paste is applied in a thin layer to the surface of the table or desk to be covered, the cloth or leather is then laid on and smoothed with a roller. If leather is to be fastened on it must be first dampened. 26 SECBETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, Brilliant Stucco Whitewash. This is a time-tried whitewash, either for inside or outside work, and has lieen known to retain its brilliancy for over thirty years. Nice un- slaked lime, '2 bushel; slake it with boiling water; cover it during the process to keep in the steam. Strain the liquid through a fine sieve or strainer, and add to it '4 busliel of stilt, previously well dissolved in water; rice, 3 pounds — boiled to a thin paste and stirred in Ijoiling hot; Spanish whiting, '2 pound; best glue, 1 pound, which has been pre- viously dissolved by soaking it well, and then hanging it over a slow fire in a small kettle immersed in a larger one filled with water. Nt)W add hot water, 5 gallons, to the mixture, stir well, and let it stand a few days covered from the dirt. It should be put on hot. For this purpose it is best to keep it in a kettle on a portaljle furnace, or use otlier means more convenient. It answers as well as oil paint for brick or stone, and is much cheaper. Coloring matter, dissolved in alcohol, may be put in and made of any shade you like. Spanish brown stirred in will make red-pink, more or less the whole mixture; or blue vitriol pulverized and dis- solved in boiling water and jmt into wliitewash gives a beautiful blue tint. If a larger quantity than five gallons be wanted the same propor- tiops should be observed. Durable I'aint for Tin Roors. liinseed oil 30 jnirts. Oil of turpentine Ill parts. Colcothar 14 parts. Keplying the second. See that the tin is free from rust, and the cuatH should not lje laid on Uh) thick nor too tliin. AND GREAT PHYSICIANS 27 Paint for Roofs. Pulverized slate (argrillaceous schist) 35 parts. Palverized mica slate (mica schist) ;50 parts. Pulverized rosin 35 parts. Mix, and add one-half its volume of pure coal-tar and boil to a fluid mass. This paint gives a very durable and pliant covering, which does not melt in the greatest heat of summer nor cracli or I^reak in the greatest cold. It resists moisture, and a roof painted with it need not be gone over again for four or five years. Paint for Blackboards. Common glue, 4 ounces; flour of emery, 3 ounces, and just lampblack enough to give an inky color to the ijreparation. Dissolve the glue in % quart of warm water, put in the lampblack and emery, stir till there are no lumps, then apply to the board with a woolen rag smoothly rolled. Three coats should be given. Removing Smell of Paint. Place a vessel of lighted charcoal in the room and place on it two or three hanilfuls of juniper berries; shut the windows, chimneys, and doors and twenty-four hours afterward the room may be opened, when it will be found that the sickly, unwholesome smell will be gone. An- other very simple method is to plunge a handful of hay into a pail of water and let it stand in the newly-painted room. Paint Remover. To remove dry paint or hard iiutty make a satorated solution of caustic of potassa with water. Apply to the paint with a swab. After a short time it will be easily removed. S^a]i|iig iVoo^* Ebouizing Wood. Logwood chips 8 ounces. Copperas i ounce. Lampblack i ounce. Water, sufficient. Boil the logwood for 30 minutes in a gallon of water, and then add the copperas and lampblack. Apply to the wood hot, giving a number of coats. In varnishing ebonized wood a little drop black must be added to the varnish or it will give a brown shade. Staining Wood Rose Color. A brilliant and uniform rose color can be imparted to wood and veg- etable ivory by chemical precipitation, as follows: The first bath con- sists of 8 parts of potassium iodide to 100 parts of water. Tlie second bath is prepared by mixing 2i parts of corrossve sublimate with 100 28 SECEETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, parts of water. Immerse the wood for a few hours in the first bath, then place it in the second, in whicli it will acquire a beautiful rose color. Varnish the wood after drying. Both baths can be repeatedly used without renewing them. Imitation of Cedar. Mix 2 parts by weight of catechu, 1 part of caustic soda, and 100 of water. The best wood to use is white wood, and after the article is linislied it is boiled in the stain for several hours, rinsed, and dried. The length of time in boiling depends upon the depth of color desired. This is a very deep and natural stain. Hard Coatiiii; for Wood. To coat wood with a substance as hard as stone apply the following mixture while hot with a jrush: Lime 40 parts. Resin 50 parts. Linseed oil 4 parts. Meial ai|d Glass Secreis. Hardening Coniposition for Steel. Spermaceti oil 95 quarts. Melted tallow 20 pounds. Neat's foot oil 4! quarts. Pitch 1 pound. Bosin 3 pounds. Melt the rosin and pitch together, add the other ingredients, and heat all in an iron vessel until all moisture is driven out, and the heated mass ignites from a burning cliip of wood held over it; the fiame is at once extinguished by a chise-fitting lid. In using the method for saw blades, they are first heated in a suitable furnace and then placed vertically, teetli upward, in trouglis filleil with the mixture. After sufficient cooling they are taken out and wiped with a piece of leather so that only a slight film of fat reiiiains. They ar(» then i)laced flat over a coal fire until the coating of fat ignites, which may burn as freely as required for great harcbiess. Screws, or other articles which require a less degree of hardness, are dipped into the hot mixture and brought to a white heat. Composition to Toughen Steel. Resin 2 ponnds. Tallow 2 ponnds. Ulack i)itch 1 pounii. Melt togetlier and dip the steel in the mixture when hot. To Soften Iron or Steel. Anoint the article all over with tallow, temper it in a gentle charcoal fire, and let it cool itself; or take a little clay, cover your iron with it, and temper in a charcoal tire. AND GREAT PHYSICIANS. 29 Restorinc Iliirnt Steel. It is not generally known that burnt steel may be almost instantane- ously restored by plunging it while hot in cold water and hammering it witli light strokes on the anvil, turning it so as to hammer all over it, again dipping in tlie cold water, and repeating the hammering process as before. Try again if you do not succeed the first time. Welding Cast-Steel. Rock saltpeter k pound. Oil vitriol i pound. Water 1 gallon. Dissolve the saltpeter in the vitriol and add it to the water. After scarfing the steel get it hot; and quench in the preparation. Then weld the same as a piece of iron, hammering itvery quickly with light blows. It answers the purpose much better than borax. Cork it in a bottle and it will keep for years. Another: Borax 15 parts. Sal-ammoniac 2 parts. Cyanide of potassium 2 parts. Dissolve all in water, and evaporate the water at a low temperature. To Drill Hardened Steel, Cover your steel with melted beeswax, and when cold make a hole in the wax with a fine-pointed needle or other article the size of the hole you require; put a drop of strong nitric acid upon it, and after an hour rinse off and apply again. It will gradually eat through. To Drill Holes in Cast-Iron. By means of carbolic acid a hole '4 of an inch in diameter has been drilled through '4 inch thickness of cast-iron with a carpenter's brace. To Solder Ferrules for Tool Handles. Take your ferrule, lap round the "joining" a small piece of brass wire, then wet tlie ferrule, scatter on the joining ground borax, put it on tlie end of a wire, and liold it in tlie fire till the brass fuses. It will fill up the joining and form a perfect solder. It may afterward be turned in the lathe. Soldering; Without a Soldering Iron. Cut a piece of a tin-foil the size of the surface to be soldered, then pass over the surface a solution of sal-ammoniac, place the tin-foil be- tween the pieces, and heat over a lamj) or fire until the foil melts. In- stead of the solution of sal-ammoniac equal jiarts of water and hydro- chloric acid saturated with zinc can be used just as well. To Ck'.in (lun-liarrels from Lead. Pour in a little mercury, agitate it over the interior surface of tlie barrel, and pour it out again. The mercury will amalgamate the lead and remove it. 30 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, To Ko-sUarpen Old Files. Ralpratns 4 ounces. Water 1 quart. Dissolve the salenitus in tlie water. Boil the old files or rasps in this solution for half an hour. Tlien take out, wash, and dry them. Next stand them in a jar, filling it up with rain water and suljihuric acid in the proportion of water, 1 quart; sulphuric acid, 4 ounces. Coarse files should remain in the batli twelve hours and fine ones two or three hours less. Take them out, wasli them clean, dry quickly and thoroughly, and rub them with sweet oil to prevent rusting. Anotlier method, though not so effectual, is to pour a few drops of benzole upon the file and brush thoroughly w4th a scratch brush. Meiidintr Tinware by Candle Heat. This is such a simi)le and cheap way of mending tinware that a per- son with just a l)it of ingenuity can do his own work in this line. Take a vial anout two-thirds full of muriatic acid and put into it little bits of sheet zinc as long as the acid will dissolve tliem. Then put in a crumi) of sal-ammoniac and fill uj) witli water and it is ready for use. Wet the cork in tlie vial and with it wet the edges of the place to 1)0 mended. Then put a piece of sheet zinc over the liole and hold a lighted candle or spirit lamp under the place, which melt.s the solder on the tin and causes the zinc to adhere without further trouble. Do not forget to wet the zinc also with the solution. A Good Way to Sharpen Razors. Put tlie razor blade for half an liour in wafer to which has been added one-twentieth of its weight of muriatic or sulphuric acid, and after a few hours "set" it on a hone. Tlie acid acts as a whetstone by corrod- ing the whole surface uniformly. Ilazor-Strop Past*. Moisten flour of emery witli tallow or sweet oil. C'lifliiiK Ovals and hifferent Shapes on filasN. Scratcli the glass around the shape you desire witli tlie corner of n file or graver; then having bent a piece of wire the same shape heat it red- hot and lay it upon the scratch, and sink the glass into cohl water just (Ifcp enough for the water to come almost on a level with U.s upper sur- face. It rarely fails to break perfectly true. Ktohinir on (ilasN. narinm sulphate H ounces. Ainiiioiii.'i fluoride 1 ounce. Afirl snipliiiric, ii Miifficient (pianfity to derompoHo llie ammonia fliioridf and maxim; the iiiixtiiri- of a semi-fluid coiiMistency. It iiiiisl ]»• prep.'in-d in a leadi-ii vessel. It can be iihimI with a ciiimiiini pen, but must bf kfpt ill bottles coated inside with paratline, beeswax, or gutta- percha, with ruljber stoppers. AND GKEAT PHYSICIANS. 31 To Drill and Ornament Glass. Any hard steel tool will cut glass with great facility when kept freely wet with camphor dissolved in turpentine. A drill-bow may be used, or even the hand alone. A hole bored may be readily enlarged by a round file. The ragged edges of glass vessels may also be thus easily smoothed by a flat file. Flat window glass can reailily be sawed by a watch-spring saw by aid of this solution. In short, the most brittle glass can be wrought almost as easily as brass by the use of cutting- tools Isept constantly moist with camphorized oil of turpentine. Plaiiiig \VUhoUl a paHery. Silver-Plating Solution. Nitrate of silver (crystals) i ounce. f 'yanuret potassa i ounce. Prepared Spanish whiting 1 ounce. Pure rain water 2i ounces. Mix all together in a glass vessel, and it is ready for use. Thoroughly clean the article from, all grease and dirt (see polishing preparations, page 12j, and apply with a soft rag or brush and polish with a chamois skin. Silvering Powder. Chloride of silver 1 ounce. Pearlash 3 ounces. Common salt li ounces. Whiting 1 ounce. Powder and mix the articles thoroughly. This is excellent in silver- ing brass and copper articles. Clean the surface of the article, as in the preceding preparation, and apply the mixture by rubbing on witli a cork or piece of soft leather moistened with water and dipped in the powder. Afterward the metal should be well washed in hot water and wiped dry. (iold-Plating Solution. Gold amalgam i ounce. Nitro muriatic acid 1 ounce. Alcohol 2 ounces. Dissolve the amalgam in the acid and then add the alcohol. Thor- oughly clean the article to be plated and apply the solution with a soft brush. Rinse and dry in sawdust or with tissue paper and polish with cliamois skin. Nickeling Iron Without Electricity. To a solution of chloride of zinc 5 or 10 per cent strong add enough nickel salt to give the usual color of nickel bath. Cleanse the articles and put them in the solution for from ] to 1 hour. 32 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, Go)^ ai)^ Silver ii|iiiaiioi|S> Imitation Gold. An American has discovered a beautiful alloy, which has been most successfully applied as a substitute for gold. It is composed of pure copper, 100 parts; pure tin, 17 parts; magnesia, 6 parts; tartar of com- merce, 9 parts; sal-ammoniac, 3.6 parts, and quicklime, 1.6 parts. Tiie copper is first melted, then the lime, magnesia, sal-ammoniac, and tar- tar are added, little at a time, and the whole is briskly stirred for about lialf an hour, so as to mix thoroughly, after which the tin is thrown on the surface in small grains, stirring until entirely fused. The cruciljle is now covered and the fusion kept up for about thirty-five minutes, when the dross is skimmed off, and the alloy found ready for use. It is quite maleable and ductile, and may be drawn, stamped, chased, lieaten into powder, or into leaves, like gold leaf, in all of which conditions it is not distinguishable from gold even by good judges, except by its in- ferior weight. Iiiiittition Silver. Combine by fusion 1 part pure copper, 24 parts block tin, 1! parts pure antimony, i part pure bismuth, and 2 parts clear glass. The glass may be omitted save in cases where it is an object to have the metal sonorous. Care of Teeih, MoUiH, ai|^ preaiK. Tlie tooth, through negligence and ignorance, receive less attention among the majority of people than any otiier subject of a personal char- acter. The care of children's teeth is very important, imd if parents do not p08t themselves in the matter freciuent visits to a skilled dentist should in their case \x imperatively enforced, as well as upon the older members of the family. The first tooth of tlie infant are called the tliciduons or milk teeth, and are twenty in nnmber tr'u in each jaw. These twenty tootli are as follows: Eight incisors, four in eacl> jaw the four being composted of two central and two lateral incisors — also four" canine or cuspid teeth, two in each jaw, and eight molars, four in each jaw— the molars being called first and socfjud inf>lars, indicating their relative positions an well as the periods of their eruption iconnnonly ealleil cutting). It is generally recognized among physicians that all diseases of rhildren are more (liHIcult to treat during dentition than before or after, it is well (Mioiigh for parents to recogni/e this fact in administering niodicinesto their children. Although the time of eruptions of the teeth differ with difTereut persons, yet the fi^llowiug table gives u close upijroxinio- tiou: AND GKEAT PHYSICIANS. 33 ERUPTION OF THE TEETH. Deciduous Teeth. I Permanent Teeth. (The lower generally precede the ' First molars 5 to 6 years npper by two or three months.) i Central incisors 6 to 8 years Lateral incisors 7 to 9 years Central incisors 5 to 8 months First bicuspids 9 to 10 years Lateral incisors 7 to 10 months Second bicuspids 10 to 11 years First molars 12 to 16 months Canines 11 to 12 years Canines li to 20 months Second molars 12 to 14 years Second molars 20 to 36 months Third molars 17 to 21 years It would be difficult indeed to condense in so short a space so much practical information from a reliable source as has been given in the following prize essay on the teeth, which was awarded by the Dental Society of Philadelphia: 1st. Cleanse your teeth once, or oftener, every day. Rinse the mouth after eating. Cleansing the teeth consists in removing every particle of foreign matter from around the teeth and gums. 2d. To cleanse use well-made brushes, soft quill, or wood toothpicks, an antacid stji^tic tooth wash, and precipitated chalk. If these means fail apply to a regular dentist. 3d. Avoid eating hot food. Thoroughly masticate the food, and well salivate it liefore swallowing. 4th. Parents ought to carefully attend to the child's second dentition. Prevail upon your children to visit, at frequent intervals, a careful and skillful operator. 5th. Remember that four ot the permanent double teeth come in at the age of six years. They are very liable to decay early, are very large, and should never be allowed to require extracting. 6th. Never allow any one to extract a tooth or dissuade you from having them filled unless absolutely necessary. 7th. Carelessness and proscrastination are responsible for a large proportion of teeth that are lost. The teeth were never intended to take the place of nut-crackers nor to rival scissors in cutting thread. The teeth must be taken care of or your health will suffer. Remember, a clean tooth would not decay in a hundred years. Best Tooth Powder. Precipitated chalk 4 ounces. Powdered cuttle-bone 2 ounces. Powdered orris root li ounces. Powdered borax i ounce. Oil of cloves .5 minims. Oil of wintergreen 2 fluid drachms. Mix the powder thoroughly, and with a small portion add the oils and mix them until in the form of a moist powder. Then add the rest of the mixed powders gradually until all are evenly distributed through- out. A solution of carmine can be added in with the oils, which will color it as desired. Some prefer a preparation in the form of a paste, as follows: 3 34 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, Cherry Tooth Paste. Precipitated chalk 4 onnces. Powdered areca nut 1 ounce. Powdered quillaya bark (or soap root) i ounce. Powdered cuttle-bone 1 ounce. Powdered borax ! ounce. Powdered orris root 4 ounces. Tincture of mjTrh i ounce. Oils of nutmeg, cloves, and bitter almonds, each 15 minims. Oil of rose 5 minims. Honey, glycerine, and mucilage acacia equal quantities of each sufficient to make into a paste of the desired consistence. First mix the powders and color with carmine, and then add the other ingredients and thoroughly mix. Mouth washes are a valuable addition to the toilet as they assist to harden and heal the gums, cleanse the mouth and purify the breath. Antiseptic Tooth Wash. Salicylic acid 12 parts. Alcohol (95 per cent ) 315 parts. Distilled water 00 parts. Oil of wintergreen 15 parts. Essence of orange flowers 15 parts. Color with tincture of cochineal. A few drops of carbolic acid may be added to the above in the case of decayed teeth and foul breath. When the breath is very ofifensive the following should be taken in addition to rinsing the mouth with the mouth wash: Solution for the Breath. Solution chloride soda 1 ounce. Liquor potassa 1 ounce. Phosphate soda i ounce. Water 8 ounces. Mix and take one-half tea-spoonful in water after each meal. When the services of a dentist are not at hand and the teeth are badly decayed and aching, the following mouth wash is recommended. It is used by holding a tea-spoonful in the mouth as long as possible and spitting out: Spanish camomile root 4! drachms. Sal-ammoniac "21 drachniH. Vinegar and lavender water, each 2i fluid ounces. Cut the camomile in jjieces and rub fine with the sal-ammoniac; add the lavender water and vinegar by placing all in a glass flask and let it digest for twelve hours and filter. The following preparation is one of the best for relieving toothache until a dentist can be consulted: Tootliache Dropn. Chlorril hydrate 1 ilraclim. Cainiiluir I ilriiclim. Morpliia siilpliate '_' drai'lmis. Oil pi'pperiiiint li itiacliniH. Hub the solids in a mortar until they Ii(iuefy, then add the oil of pt'Pperniint. Api)ly on cotton. AND GBEAT PHYSICIANS. 85 ]^ei|ioVal of Freckles, Moles, E^c- The following practical treatise on this much-abused subject is copied from the B. lied to the surface of tlie mole or freckle, the |^oses. This formula was procured from a friend of the author residing at Little Rock, Ark. I can vouch for its efficacy in his case, as it removed the unnatural color in a few days, and he told me that others had tried it with equally gratifying results. It is translated from a formula of a young physician, a graduate of Jefferson Medical College: Oxide of zinc i ounce. Corrosive sublimate 2 grains. Sulphur (precip.) i ounce. Glycerine 4 ounce. Calamine 3 drachms. Rose water, sufficient to make 8 ounces. Mix and apply with a small, soft sponge. The medical works say little about the red nose. The cause is usually attributed to drinking, but gluttony, tight lacing, nasal catarrh, chronic enlargement of the tonsils, exposure to strong sunlight, etc., all contribute to a reddening of the nasal organ. O^Ker Toiled Preparations. The following formula, prescribed by the late Dr. Tilbury Fox, is a very sootlung application, and is a great favorite with ladies who have flushed faces: Calamine Face Lotion. Levigated calamine 120 grains. Oxide of zinc 60 grains. Glycerine <50 drops. Rose water, sufficient to make 3 ounces. Be sure and get the white calamine, and not the red. Apply with a small, soft sponge and allow to dry on, the excess of powder being lightly dusted off vrith a soft cloth. Lotion for Chapped Hands, Face, and Lips. Glycerine 3 drachms. Strained honey 1 drachm. Cologne 1 drachm. Oil of bitter almonds 3 drops. Alcohol 4 ounces. Water U ounces. Mix and apply with a soft sponge while the skin is damp, and wipe dry with a towel. This is the best preparation of its class. Lip Salve. For healing and softening the lips, preventing them from cracking, etc., the following is an elegant preparation: 40 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, Petrolatum 2 oances. Wliito wax, or paraffiue i onnce. Tannin i drachm. Oils of lavender and bergamot, each i drachm. Oil of rose geranium -5 drachm. Melt the petrolatum and wax together and add the tannin while cooling; add the oils and stir until cold. When it is desired to color the lips add 20 grains of carmine. This is done by reducing tho carmine to a fine powder in a mortar and rub with a small portion of the salve ontil it is thoroughly incorporated, and then mix the remainder gradu- aUy. Pimple Lotion. Carbolic acid i drachm. Borax 2 drachms. Glvcerine 1 ounce. Tannin 1 drachm. Alcohol IJ ounces. Rose water 5 ounces. Mix and dissolve. Apply night and morning. Manicure Poirder. This is used for polishing and cleaning the nails: Powdered pumice stone -t ounces. Powdered French clialk i ounce. Carmine (No. 40) in powder i drachm. Bulk perfume (violet or rose) i ounce. Manicure Salve. This is for softening the nails, caring hang-nails, etc.: Petrolatum 1 ounce. Powdered ctustile soaj) 2 drachms. Oil of Ijergamot l'> drops. Mix thoroughly and apply upon going to bed, wearing a pair of gloves. BeNt Bay Bum. Oil of bay leaves 4 fl""^ drachma. Oil of jjimenta :WiiuuiinH. Oil of Ijergamot ''0 iiii luins. Acetic ether *> minimH. Concentrated lye 4 drachms. DefMiorized alcohol ^ l>ints. Water "•• l»'its. Color HuHicicnt with grass green. Mix tho oils ami dissolve them in the alcohol; to this gradually add tho lye, previously dissolved in tho water, then add tho acetic ether and coloring luattor, and let stand a few days and filter through a glass funnel into a glass vessel. Fine BoNe Water. Oilof rose !•''> ■ of each, 3 ounces. Camphorated oil ) Goulard's extract ,li ounces. Melt the wax with the oil, then add the camphorated oil and Goulard extract. l4.o\hf io Make ai| ii|cUl>aior. [_From Scientific American SupjJlement.^ Experiments with the incubator here given have been made all over the country. It is one that is in actual use, and has always given satis- faction. Having secured permission from the originator, we here illus- trate it for the benefit of our readers. To make this incubator get your tinner to make you a tank 1.5 inches wide, 30 inches long, and 12 inches deep, of galvanized iron or zinc, tlie iron being preferable. On the top should be a tube 1 inch in diameter and 8 inches high. In front should be another tube, 9 inches long, to which should be attached a spigot, as illustrated in Fig. 2. Having made your tank, have what is called the ventilator made, which is a box with a bottom but no top. The ventilator should be 8 inches deep, and 1 inch smaller all round than the tank, as the tank must rest on inch 44 SECKETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, boards. In ilie ventilator Hhould m four or six tin tubes ;» inch in rhameter and () indies lony. Tlicy should extend tlirough the bottom, so Hs to admit air from below, and to within 2 inches of the top or a little less. Now make an cKg drawer, whicii is, a frame of wood 3 inches deep having no top or bottom, except that the front should be Ijoxed o£f FIO. 1.— THE UOT-WATER INCUBATOK. and filled with sawdust, whldi is covered over afterward with a piece of muslin to keep the sawdust from si)illing. Tliis box in front of the drawer e::actly tits the opening in Fig. 3, when the drawer is in its j.lace. Of course the egg drawer must be made longer than the tank and venti- lator, in order to allow for this space which it fills in the opening, wiiich KIO. 2.— TUK TANK. Observe tluit the tubes on the tup and the spiijol are quite ioug, in order that tJiey mai/ extend through the packintj of sawdust trhieti is to surround it. This tank is to have a etose-filtinij coverin;/ {lop and sides) o/iroiid, to resist pressure of vtder. The bottom is not to be covered. is the packing all aroiiinl the incubator. The bottom of the egg drawer should be iiiude by nailing a few slat.s lengthwise to llie under side, or rather, fitting them in nicely, and over the slats in the inside of the drawer a jiieco of thick, strong muslin should be tightly dnuvn. On this muslin the eggs are jilaced, in the same position as if laid in a hen's nest, and it allows tiie air to pass through to the eggs for vent iluliou. AND GKEAT PHYSICIANS. 45 The eggs can bo turned Ijy hand, marked for designation, or an egg turner may he made by fastening slats crosswise to one on each side ruiming lengthwise, something like a window lattice, and when the eggs are placed between these slots by merely poshing the frame the eggs will ' turn over, exactly on the same principle that an egg will roil when it is FIG. 3.— DEAWER OPENING. Shoivs the thick packing, ivhich is noticed at the opening. This extends all around. The front of the egg drawer {Fig. 4) fits iii its place in order to complete the surrounding packing, rvhen the incubator is closed, as at Fig. 1. pushed by a block, a book, or anything else; but we believe the method is patented, and do not advise infringement. Having prepared the tank, let it be covered with a box, but the hox must not have any bottom. This is to protect the tank against pressure FIG. 4.— THE EGG DRAWEE. The space just in front of the eggs is the portion partitioned off to fit in the opening at Fig. 3. The egg drawer is therefore longer than the tank and ventilator. of water on the sides, and to assist in retaining heat. Such being doce; place your ventilator first, egg drawer next, and tank last. Now place a support imder the tank and the box, or have them rest on rods, and as the weight of water will be great in the center, the iron rods should oe placed crosswise under the tank every 6 inches. Now fasten the three apartments (ventilator, egg drawer, and tank) together, with boards 46 SECBETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, nailed to the sides and back and front (of course leaving the opening for the egg drawer), care being taken to drive no nails in the egg drawer, as it must move in and out, and should have a strong strip to rest on for that purpose. Having completed these preparations make a larger box to go over all three, so that there will be a space on the sides. FIG. .5.— THE VENTILATOR. The tubes admit air from beloiv, which passes into the er/ff drawer above through the imislin bottora of the er/fj drawer to the eggs. The eggs rest upon the iinislin, vhich is tigtidii drawti over narrow slats rutv- niiig lengthwise the bottom of the dran-rr. back, front, and on top; but as the ventilator must be filled with saw- dust to within I nchofthotoj) of the tubes, it serves for the bottom packing. Make the outer box so that there will be room for filling all around the inside box with sawdust, and also on top, being careful to let the tube for pouring in the water come through, as also the spigot in FIG. 6. Tlcre ice remove the froiU of the incubator in order to show tlw positions of the ventilator, egg drawer, and tank. First the ventilator, tlwti the egg drawer (which of course should be longer than tlw others in order to fit in the opening shown at Fig. 3, hut which ive did not do here in order to mark the places), and on the top is the tank. When Ihr fniiit is C4tiiijilfle(t the iitcnbiilor is seen at Fig. I. front. About 4 inches or HO thickness of sawdust is suflicient, accord- ing to itri'ference. The front of Iho incubator munt be packed also, but an idea of how it should be done may be earned by observing the open- AND GREAT PHYSICIANS. 47 ing in Fig. 3, which is so constructed that the box in front of the egg drawer (Fig. 4j exactly fits into it, and completes the packing when the drawer is shut. The incubator should be raised from the floor about an inch, when completed, to allow the air to pass under and thence into the ventilator tubes. The incubator being complete, the tank is filled with boiling water. It must remain untouched for twenty-four hours, as it requires time during which to heat completely through. As it will heat slowly, it will also cool slowly. Let it cool down to 120 deg., and then put in the eggs, or, what is better, run it without eggs for a day or two in order to learn it and notice its variation. When the eggs are put in, the drawer will cool down some. All that is required then is to add atjout a bucket or so of water once or twice a day, but be careful about endeavoring to get np heat suddenly, as the heat does not rise for five hoars after the additional bucket of water is added. The tank radiates the heat down on the eggs, there being nothing between the iron bottom of the tanjs and the eggs, for the wood over and around the tank does not extend across the bottom of the tank. The cool air comes from below in the ventilator pipes, passing through the muslin bottom of the egg drawer to the eggs. The 1.5x30-inch tank incubator holds 100 eggs if turned by hand, but less if the eggs are placed between slats. Lay the eggs in the same as in a nest — promiscuously. DIRECTIONS. Keep the heat inside the egg drawer as near 103 deg. as possible; the third week at 104 deg. Avoid opening the egg drawer frequently, as it allows too much escape of heat. Be sure your thermometer records correctly, as half the failures are due to incorrect thermometers, and not one in twenty is correct. Place the bulb of the thermometer even with the top of the eggs, that is, when the thermometer is lying down in the drawer. The upper end should be slightly raised, so as to allow the mercury to rise, but the Isulb and eggs should be of the same heat, as the figures record the heat in the bulb and not in the tube. Keep a pie pan fiUed with water in the ventilator for moisture and keep two or three moist sponges in the egg drawer, displacing a few eggs for the purpose. Turn the eggs half way round twice a day at regular intervals. Let the eggs cool down for fifteen minutes once every day, but do not let them cool lower than 70 deg. No sprinkling is required if the sponges are kept moist. If the heat gets up to liO deg. or as low as 60 deg. for a little while it is not necessarily fatal. Too much heat is more prevalent than too little. A week's practice in operating the incubator will surprise one how simple the work is. The tank will be trouble- some to fill at first, but the matter will be easy after it is done, as it can be kept hot. Heat the water in two or more boilers, as a large quantity will be required, and pour it in through the tulje on top of the incubator boiling hot, using a funnel in the tube for the purpose. Just at the time of hatching out do not be tempted to frequently open the drawer. Pold draughts are fatal. Patience must be exercised. 48 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, BEOODEBS. An excellent brooder may be made with a tank of hot water, covered well, the same as the incubator. A piece of muslin or woolen cloth should be next the bottom to prevent burning the chicks. Keep the heat among the chicks at about 90 deg. Let the tank rest on inch boards with no opening under it, but in front; a fringe should hang in frcmt for the chicks to run in and out under the tank. A little yard may be constructed of glass sash, something like a hot-bed. Feed the chicks four or five times a day, at first on hard-boiled eggs, chopped fine, giving them also a little milk, fine screenings, and millet seed. After they are a week old feed anytlung they can eat, but never feed meal in a raw state, as it should be scalded first. Keep a little sand, fine gravel, and bone-meal within reach of them all the time, and see that they are always dry, clean, and warm. Do not crowd them, as the fewer the number together the better, and never have different ages together. This incubator will hatch chicks, ducks, turkeys, or guineas, and we see no reason why it should not liatch the egg of the ostrich or anything else as well. Chicks hatched l)y incul)ators, if rightly cared for, do better than with hens, and are stronger and more vigorous. We have endeavored here to embody all the answers to questions that we suppose may be asked. Sliould you be in doubt, read the directions carefully again. We trust that with the lielp of our illustrations our readers will have no difficulties in tlio way.— r/ic- FuuUry Keejier. A C)ieap charcoal SioVe. I saw the other day at a friend's house one of the simplest and most effective stoves for a small conservatory it is i>ossible to imagine. It was composed of tliree 12-inch ordinary flower pots. The hole at the Ijottom of the lowest was cf)vered with a sin.ill pot, into the sides of which had been bored a number of holes. The pot was then three part.s filled with charcoal, and lighted from the top. This is the furnace. It is covered by pots Nos. 2 and 3, and a light tin funnel and cliimney carry off the vapor. The f bricks, and regulated by closing the inter- vening space witli mud, leaving only fi sufficient aperture to keep the fire linrning. Tliis im- provised stove will l)urn witliout attontif)n for twenty-four hours, and it is amazing what a great amount of heat is given o6F from so small a surface.— S. J., in the Gardener'' s Chronicle. AND GKEAT PHYSICIANS. 49 Preservative Coi|ipoUi|^s. Within a few years some valuable methods of keeping meats, fish, oysters, fruits, fruit juices, milk, butter, etc., in a healthful, nutritious, and palatable condition for a considerable time past the ordinary period of their decay have been discovered. In the following treatise we give the results of the most patient research in securing all the latest and most valuable information in regard to this important subject. We will not deal with processes which necessitate complicated ap- paratus or which require almost impossible chemical combinations, but we will explain inventions which have undoubted value combined with as much simplicity in the preparation as the circumstances will permit. Of all the anti-septic agents used for the purposes mentioned boracic acid is the favorite, and salicylic acid next in choice. Various other anti-septic agents are used and combined in different ways, according to the results of experiments. They are applied either by immersion, coating, injecting, vapors, etc., according to specified instructions. Prof. Frederic S. Barff of Kilburn, England, it seems was the first to combine boracic acid with glycerine, and to produce a preservative compound known as boroglyceride, which is soluble in water and alcohol. As boracic acid is but slightly soluble in water and other common solvents this combination with glycerine — which is also a use- ful agent in arresting the growth of germs— is peculiarly valuable. It is tasteless and inodorous and imparts no disagreeable taste or odor to the substance being treated. Solutions of the compound may be applied to the preservation of all organic substances, either animal or vegeta- ble. The process was patented in England in 1881 and in the United States in 1882. To prei)are Ijoroglyceride, glycerine is heated to near its boiling point and boracic acid added until it ceases to be dissolved, the propor- tions being about 92 parts by weight of glycerine to 62 parts by weight of boracic acid in chrystals. Maintain the mixture to a temperature of about 200 deg. centigrade as long as water is given oif . When the mass cools it ))ecomes a yellowish, transparent, glacial substance, tough and deliquescent. This dissolves in water, Imt when boiled in large quanti- ties of the same it is decomposed into glycerine and boracic acid. In order to to employ the compound preiiare a solution either in water, alcohol, or other suitable solvent and immerse in or impregnate with such solutions the organic substances to be operated upon. Solutions may be prepared of various degrees of strength, but it has been found that a solution consisting of 1 part by weight of the compound and 40 parts by weight of water will give good results; but other desired pro- portions may be adopted. Prof. Barff, the inventor of the boroglyceride process, read a paper before the Royal Society of Arts, London, in regard to his method of preserving food. The date of the reading is not at hand, but it is sup- 50 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, posed to be slightly prior to May 13, 1882, on which date it was printed in the Scientific American Supplement, Although quite lengthy the paper contains so much interesting data and light upon the subject that we reproduce it almost entirely, together with remarks by other eminent gentlemen who were present at the meeting: "This evening I have on the table specimens of food which have been kept for longer or shorter periods, as they are intended to illustrate various applications of this preserving material. As you know oysters are imported very largely in tins. They are cooked at a liigh tempera- ture and hermeticaUy sealed. The high temperature to which they are exposed necessarily causes a loss of flavor, and it is generally remarked that tinned oysters are not a success. * * * I have oysters on the table which were opened on the :3d of December in last year. I will ask you to taste them and see in what conditic)n they are, and I would also remind yoa that they have not been kept in hermetically sealed tins, but simply in corked or stoppered bottles; hence this method of preserving oysters is cheaper than the other, and I maintain tliat it is more effective, because thiir natural and fresh flavor is preserved. 1 am informed by a friend in Jamaica that lie has sent me some Jamaica oysters and other things— I trust they will be here in time for mo to submit tliem to you this evening. "Another substance, the perfect preservation of wliich is very im- imrtant, is cream, both for home use and for exportation. Cream in London costs from four to five shillings per quart; it can be bought in country places for two shillings, and even for less. This preservative sub- stance will keep cream for mouths perfectly good and sweet, liaving its full flavor; so that it would be quite possible to send it in (juantities from tlie country, and its sale need not be pre.ssed as it need not be used immediately. I liave regularly every week, except during the liolidays, brought witli me f rt)m Heaumont ( 'oUege, near Windsor, where I lecture, a quart of cream treated with one ounce of the boroglyceride; it has always kept perfectly good even in the liottest weather. I liave done this for a year antl a lialf; a near rehitive has taken the greater part of this regularly for llie lime stated, aii be wonderfully gooil. Next morning it was taken in pri>rerenwi^ to a beaten egg, by the capluiu of Ji. M. iS. Teuedos, to his coffee.' AND GREAT PHYSICIANS. 51 "Lapt year I sent somp Devonshire clotted cream, which I prepared myself, to Zanzibar, on the east coast of Atrica. The climate here i.s very hot; fresh food will only keep a few hours. This cream had to pass through the hot climate of the Red Sea. 1 will read an extract from a letter written by a lady who received the cream: 'Universities Mission to Central Africa, 'Mbweni, Zanzibar, March 8, 1881. 'The Devonshire cream you sent us was quite a success. I received it last night. Fortunately the Bishop and Miss A came to Mbweni, to-day, so we had it for ilinner. That I might have everything correct I opened a pot of raspberry jam which we had from London a longtime ago. The Bishop said it had kept perfectly, but had not quite tlie rich flavor that it has when quite fresh; he has been used to it in Devonshire. Every one pronounced it most excellent. We sent some in to Mrs. H , and were surprised at her sending for more, for she seldom eats half anything we send her. She did not know what it was, but she said she liad never had anything liere slie enjoyed so much.' 'A year ago I sent some cream from Beaumont College dairy to the Rev. Thomas Porter, the head of the Jesuit Mission in the West Indies, He states that the cream was as good as any he had eaten at home, that he gave it to several strangers to eat, and that they would not believe that it came from England. These experiments and these testimonies prove conclusively that this compound will preserve cream. I sliall this evening show you specimens. It is easy to send cream in good condition to the tropics. A great objection to condensed milk is that it is always too sweet. The boroglyceride will preserve condensed milk, and will give t no flavor at all. My friend, the Rev. Thomas Porter, sent me some articles preserved with the material which, I sent him from England. They aiTived about .June in last year. Some raw, fresh turtle came quite fresh. It was cooked and eaten by several persons, who said It was quite fresh and good, and had the flavor of fresh turtle. At my own house I had turtle cutlets fried; tliey were perfectly good, and tasted like turtle. Another article which Father Porter sent me was an uncooked Jamaica pigeon; it was roasted at Beaumont College. I divided it and brouglit half of it home It was tasted by twelve people, who all pronounced that it was perfectly good, and had the true pigeon flavor. In the same parcel came some green sugar-cane, fresh tama- rinds taken direct from tl\e tree, fresli limes, and the juices of two different fruits. All were fresh, and were tasted Isy gentlemen who had lived in Jamaica, who all declared that they liad all their own peculiar flavors. On the 3d of September, iHSl, another box was sent me from Jamaica, containing sugar-cane, guavas, fresh ginger, and turtle; the turtle had come to grief, because it was not properly treated on the other side; the cane, guavas, and fresh ginger have been tasteil by those who have lived in Jamaica, and have been pronounced to liave their true flavors. Ordinary milk cannot be kept good for a long time, especially m hoi weather. If milk were concentrated in this country, and heated with 52 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, the boroglyceride, carriage would be saved, and the milk might be kept good and fresh for a fortnight and more; all it would require would be to reduce it again to its original strength. If fresh milk be treated with this preservative it can be set for cream for several days, even in hot weather. Tlie cream which rises will keep, and the skini-milk will re- main sweet for several weeks; this I have tried in the dairy at Beaumont College. From the cream so prepared butter was made, and was kept for several weeks without a particle of salt, and was eaten by members of the college. 1 also wish to show another methoil liy vvhicli meat can be preserved and cheaply transported. In 8outh America, aljout Buenos Ayres and tlie River Platte, many cattle are killed simply for the hides and fat; the flesh is tlirown away. Now, if this flesh were cut up in small pieces, and put into the preserving liquid for a night, it woukl, even in that hot climate, keep good for stmie time. It cotdd then in a few hours be dried in the sun, packed in casks, and sent to this or to other countries. I have a specimen of beef treated in this way. It was I)ut into the solution on Jan. 19, 1882, dried Fel). 1, and has lately, within a few days, been boiled, and here is the resulting beef tea, which has not in any way been flavored. I have also small quantities of beef juico here preserved in l)ot ties. The juice was expressed and lias l)een kept raw. Haw lieef and mutton juice is recommended l)y medical men iu many conditions of the digestive system. I administered it to a near relation for six weeks, and the juice was preserved good by my material. In the case referred to the effect was very satisfactory. It appears to me to be a most important inatl^'r that soup meat, and meat for i)ottiug and stewing, should be sent to tliis country in the way I propose. The supplywould bo large,the prices low, and tlie profit sliigldy satisfactory, and it would greatly relieve tlie meat market, because a very large quan- tity of fresh meat which is now uscil for soup could lie omi'loyed in other ways. It has Ix-eii remarked to me: 'Hut would you get people to use it?' I think, to begin with, that if jirojirietors of hotels and heads of large puiilic institutions, workhouses, and hospitals could be sliown that for half tlie cost they could have equfrtly good soup and S( up stock, tlii'y would willingly use it, and from thence it would come into private use. 1 have spi'ci mens to sliow the cffi'ct of boroglyceride on fish. Here are sjjrats which liave been kept for a year; they are tlry, l)ut perfectly good and r^atabie; also some preserved fresh since Jan. VA, l.ss'2. You will be able to judge of their api>earance and flavor. 1 have also her- rings anil a piece of skate which have 1 n ])reserv('d for the sami" time. If tishmongcrs had a lank of this M>liilioii they could, at the enil of the day, put thfir fish in it, and take them out when reciuired. Bloaters, when lightly ciircit in hot weather, df> not keep good many days; if a small quantity of tliis slufT was used with the salt, they would lu>ep good for iiionlliH. 'rii4< name may lie said of smoked salnion. 'I'lial which is very salt costs '.Ic I per pound. In it the mild cured kinds cost lis. lid. to Is. per IMiiiiid. .'Ml could lie mildly cured if this nialerial was used with the other curing substuiices. As an adjunct iu curing mild humti and bucuu AND GREAT PHtSICIANS. 53 it would be of sreat nse, for these, wlien cured lightly, would not go bad, as they often do in tlie suniiner time. What I have said as to the temporary preservation of fish by fishmongers applies e(iually to the preservation of meat and fowls by butchers and poulterers. "It is justly complained of that the Australian cooked meat is over- cooked. If it were for a short time dropped in this preservative solu- tion it would keep perfectly well after being lightly cooked, even under- done. I have a laiece of beef which was dipped Feb. 28 and boiled on March 9. It has been left in its own liquid, it was not flavored, and no salt was added. Here, too, is a vast field for the application of the process. Here is also lobster which was taken out of the shell Feb. 1, and here are two lobsters in their shell which were immersed on the same day. "I now wish to draw your attention to a i^arcel from Jamaica, which has just arrived, and from which I am able, I am happy to say, to show you specimens which must be of interest. In a jar on the table is some fresh turtle, which I had simply cooked. I thought it better so to pre- sent it to you rather than raw. There is also a Jamaica pigeon, also just cooked here, and a vol uu vent, which I have had made from oysters which were sent open in the preserving stuff from Jamaica. These specimens will prove conclusively that food sent from a tropical climate retains its freshness and delicate flavor. I have reserved one of the pigeons raw, that you may see in what state it arrived. Some mut- ton was shipped to me from the Falkland Islands at the beginning of last August; a piece of it is uncooked on the table. I have also had a piece stewed, which you will be able to taste this has of course passed the tropics. Through the kindness of my friend Mr. Haffenden of the 'Andaluzia,' in the Strand, who owns vineyards in the southwest of Spain, 1 can show you some perfectly fresh sardines which he had placed in the preserving fluid several months ago in Spain, and which he brought with him. You will yourselves judge of their condition; I will only remark that they have the peculiar fragrance of that delicate fish, and will it not be a boon to have a supply of this fresh delicacy at a moderate cost? "You will also see, and I hope taste, a pigeon pie. The pigeons and the steak have been preserved raw in stoppered bottles since the 21st of last November and the eggs since the 4th of July, 1881. I will also call your attention to a tongue which I myself placed in the solution Feb. 9 in this year, with some garlic, sugar, and juniper berries, my object be- ing to show that salt can, if desired, be dispensed with. You will doubt- less find that it will require salt; but you will readily infer that hams, tongues, etc., can be made just as salt as one pleases, and will yet keep perfectly sweet, in fact sounder, than those cured only with salt. This tongue was boiled out of pickle. I exhibit two shoulders of mutton, one cooked, the other raw; they are from sheep killed Jan. 10, 1882. Also a piece of beef preserved on the same day; this when you have in- spected it shall be cut in slices and broiled. You will see some sausages, 54 SECRETS OF WISE MEX, CHEMISTS, both cooked and uncooked; they were made for me by Mr. Bowron, poulterer, of Paddington, early in July las^t, before I went to Callsbad. I took Home with nie to that place, and they were there eaten and pro- nounced good. These are some of the same lot; they were made as fol- lows: The meat was chopped, put into the preserving fluid for one night, and then mixed with the other materitd in tlie ordinary way. They have been kept since in an earthenware jar; they liave, therefore, been made more than nine months. I may remark that the bread in these sausages was not treated, and therefore it has become slightly sour, but the pork has kept perfectly fresh. 1 have also some other sausages which I bought Jan. 1'2, and at once preserved; these having been steeped, the bread has not turned in the sliglitest degree sour. '"Mock turtle soup, bought ready made from a confectioner's shop in Oxford street, Jan. 2.">, treated with the pre.'servative stuff, has remained quite good and unchanged in flavor. "There is also a specimen of gravy soup made in October last, and some vermicelli soup made about three weeks ago. The preservative action of boroglyceride in cooked foods is, it seems to me, of great im- portance to hotel-keepers, confectioners, and restaurant proprietors, as it will enable them to buy large stocks when certain articles are cheap, and from the specimen I show of cooked beef you see it remains quite moist, as it can be kept, without getting sour, in its own gravy and un- der a layer of its own fat. To prove that articles can be kept and dried without losing their flavor, I liad some partridges treated and dried last February twelvemonth, and I exhibit some soup made from two of these birds. The other articles on the table are one raw and one roast fowl, bought Jan. 17; one raw and one roiust iiheasant, bought Feb. 5; one rabbit boiled, bought Jan. 17. There are also from Jamaica a greeu lime, some fresh tamarinds, and some pieces of fresh ginger. * * » "I thank yon, ladies and gentlemen, for the patient hearing yoa have given me." DiscnssiON, The Chairman said the paper was marked by the clear and philo- sophic way in which tlie subject was treated, and before inviting dis- cussion upon it he would mention shortly his own exi)erience of the process, tlif only interest of which wjus that it was ipiite inile|>endent of Prof. Harff. When he was asketl to take tlie cliair he communicateil witli Mr. Harff, and inquiretl wlia^ the process was. Mr. Barff kindly Bent hiui a specimen of this substance, whicli Iw melted, antl put some of it into oiii'-half of a i>int of cream. Tlie other half very soon turiu'd Hour, and had to be thrown away, but that to which (lie suhstance was added was perfectly fresh that nuirning. Ho was confirme whole stuff was about Hid. Should the i)rocess be adopted commercially exporinients as to the cost would be most carefully made and the results publislied. A joint of any size could be soaked; the only thing was to give it plenty of time. You might soak a piece of Ijeef of twenty pounds, forty pounds, or fifty pounds; or you might use an inj"cting syringe, such as butchers em- ployed for salting riu^at quickly, ami the meat so Invited would keep for a week or a fortnight |perf(!Ctly good, but he di putrefaction. An- other important fact was this: if you had a roast leg of lamlj, ijerfectly good, but did not eat it all, and put it away in hot weather, it would turn sour, but if it had been treated in this way it would not; it would keep for six months without going sour. By adding a small quantity from time to time, which you could only learn by experience, the bath would keep perfectly f resli and effective, though it would be found after a time to get rather dark colored. That arose from the juice of the meat, and the advantage of this process was that you need not throw it away, as you must brine, but could boil it down into very good soup. In conclusion he would only ask his hearers to read the paper and dis- cussion carefully when published, and he was sure any one would be able to carry out the process. The Chairman, in proposing a hearty vote of thanks to Prof. Barff, said the process he had described was remarkable for its great simplic- ity and the ease with which it could be carried out. Any cook could readily apply it. The vote of thanks was carried unanimously. An Improved Boracic Acid-Glycerine Compound. The following is the invention of an American, William S. Fickett of Rochester, N. Y., and is an improved process of combining boracic acid with glycerine for preservative purposes. (Patent No. 285,350.) "My invention consists in a new mode of producing a new preserva- tive compound from boracic acid and glycerine, as hereinafter described. Heretofore by one method * such a compound has been produced from these ingredients by heating glycerine to near its boiling point and add- ing boracic acid until it ceases to be dissolved, and maintaining that mixture to a temperature of 200 deg. centigrade as long as water is given off, etc. "Now my process consists in taking equal quantities of glycerine and crystallized boracic acid, placing the same in a closed or sealed vessel, * Doubtless the Barff process— [author. 58 SECKETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, and then applying heat at abont 300 deg. Fahrenheit for aljont two hours, which causes tlie Ixn-acic acid to dissolve and hlend witli the trljcerine. On cooling it forms without loss of woiglit into on opah^scont semi- solid, freely soluble in cold water, entirely devt)id of bitter or metallic taste, and communicating no objectionable taste to butter or like deli- cate foods. ' Wiien thus produced it is an unfailing preventive of fer- mentation and decay in animal and vegetable matter or fluid com- I)ouuds." Tlie following is a different process of using boracic acid, and ex- plains itself: James Howard, Philadelphia, Pa.; composition for preserving foods. (Patent No. 27t),21l>-) "I liave discovered a method of obtaining a chemical compound of boracic acid for the ijroducticm of which neither solution nor the em- ployment of heat is necessary, the salt being formed by the union of the component substances in a dry state, so that the difficulties of solution and of loss through volitization is avoided. Moreover the compound has anti-septic proiierties distinct from those of the acid, due to one of the other elements tliereof, and is tasteless. "I take preferably not less than .'j parts by weight of pure boracic« acid in crystals, and add thereto 1 ijart of pure phosphate of soda. The ingredients are mixed together dry, in a mill or other suitable grinding apparatus, and as the chemical reaction between tliem progresses the whole, or practically the whole, of the acid crystals lose tiieir structure, and the mass can be ground until it assumes a pasty or doughy condi- tion. The result is boro-phosphate of soda, containing more or less free boracic acid, according to the excess tliereof used a))ove the pro- portions given. The moisture yielded l)y the chemical reaction is evai)orated at tlie ordinary temperature by exposure to tlie air without loss of boracic acid, and the dry amori)hous salt thus produced is read- ily ground. It may be used either as a dry powder or may be dissolved in water and applied in the usual modes to the substances to be i)re- served. If desired other substances, sudi as salt and saltpeter, may bo added tothe boro-phosphate compound, ami tlu! whole mixed thoroughly by regriiiding." Preservation of Hiifler. Lanl, Etc. The following process is the invention of Mr. William Pitt Clot- wort liy. (Patent No. 2H4,ISI.) The |)rocess consists of incorporating with the fat, which may con- sist of butter, lanl, or oilier gre;ise. a snllicieiit amount of parafline. Paraliine is non-oxidizable, without tasti? or odor, and, as the inventor claims, it is perfectly harmless when used in this manner, just as bees- wax is swallowed with lioney, nlthongli not in such large jiroportion. Tonsof puralline are m arm fad u red yearly into chewing gum and cliewecl hariiilesHly by tliousiinils. In preserving buller the process is as follows: TiiUe 1 nuiice of ficsli nnsalled butler and incorporate with il I ounce of |iarailine, uihI thus AND GREAT PHYSICIANS. 59 orm a jelly, and then thoroughly mix this amount of jelly with 1 pound of butter. In preserving lard combine the paraffine as follows: When the lard is ready to be drawn off from the rendering kettles, and while still tiot, add 1 ounce of paraflSne to each pound of lard and stir the mass thor- oughly. Compound for Preserving Food. Theodore L. Corwin of Marathon, N. Y., has invented the following. (Patent No. 253,983): The invention relates to the class of compounds used to preserve in a healthful state such articles of food as meats, fish, milk, eggs, butter, oysters, cider, and also to t>e used as a disinfectant and to arrest putre- faction. "I take of nitrate of potassium, of salicylic acid, and of chloride of sodium, each 1 ounce. These should all be in powder and dissolved in 1 quart of water. Then add 1 drachm of hydrochloric acid previously diluted with 1 ounce of water. To preserve meat immerse for twenty minutes in the hot solution, after which let it drain for one hour; then pack in a well-closed vessel. For the preservation of fish use the same as for meat, only the solution should be allowed to Ijecome cold before using. To keep oysters stir into them 3 ounces of the solution (cold) to each gallon of oysters. Cider will be kept sweet if there is added to each barrel 1 quart of the solution immediately after the cider comes from the press. Milk to be kept sweet should have the powder first named, viz.: nitrate of potassium, salicylic acid, and chloride of sodium, each 1 ounce, added to every 16 gallons. As a disinfectant the solution should be sprinkled freely around the place or places to be disinfected. To prevent putrefaction the solution should be copiously applied to the object treated." Fruit-Juice Preservatives. An Ohio inventor has patented a process for preserving fruit juices such as cider, wine, etc., which he says, if treated according to his direc- tions, will keep unchanged for years: "The juice is taken before fermentation takes place and boiled, all scum is carefully skimmed off, and then the liquid, while still hot, is filtered througn a compound of partially pulverized charcoal, crushed mustard seed, and ground sassafras root. The filter should be covered with fine woven wire, outside of which should be fastened a flannel cloth to catch all escaping sediment. To every gallon of juice to be filtered there is placed in the filter 2 ounces of charcoal, 2 scruples of crushed mustard seed, and 6 drachms of ground sassafras root. After filtering it is again boiled, and if any scum or impurities appear on the surface they are removed, wlien the juice is to be bottled, corked tightly, and should be left for one year." Schaumberg & Dillon's method of preserving fruit juices consists in bottling and sealing the juices, and then heating the bottles to 170 deg- 60 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, Fahrenheit for thirty-five minutes. The juices are put in bottles and are iniiuediately corked and wired securely, and tlien 6ubmert;ed in a water bath to a depth of about 1 inch above the bottles. The advantages of this process are tliat the fruit juices will renuiin sweet indefinitely, will not ferment, and are free from all deleterious matter. Smoke or Vapor Preserviiiar Compound. Rebecca A. McDaniel of Burr Oaks, la., has patented the foUowing, which is one of quite a number of this class of preservative processes: "In preserving different articles, such as fruits, meats, and other edibles, I subject them for a proper time— differing with different arti- cles—to the fumes arising from burning the compound. This may be accomplished by confining the articles to be treated in a chamber in which the compound is being burned. COMPOSITION. Salicylic acid 1 ounce. Sulphur 2 pounds. Pulverized f)range peel i ounce. Ground cinnamon 3 ounces. This compound well mixed will burn slowly and generate fumes or vapor which have a peculiar action in the preservation of fruits, butter, milk, pies, bread, eggs, and all kinds of cooked or uncooked food. In treating meats add nitrate of i)otash. 4 ounces. Treatment: Provide a box or other chamlier with shelves upon which tlie articles to be treated may be placed. Within the chamber, properly closed, I ourn a suitable quantity of the compound, allowing the fumes to bathe the articles to be treated. The compound is of a quality that will burn slowly by reason of its peculiar composition, and it may be homed with fuel other than it contains." Salicylic .icid as a PrescrTative. Salicylic acid, aside from its remedial value, is used largely as a pre- servative, either in a dry state or in the form of a solution in water or alcohol. Salicylic acid is a white, dry, crystalline powder, devoid of smell or taste, undergoes no change when kept in store, and is neither intiammable nor volatile. It can be procureil in ahuost any drug store, and since 1S7 1 a new i)rocesH in its manufacture has cheapened it in price and placed it within the reach of all. Medical authorities agree in considering the daily consumption of 1 gramme as being not only perfectly inoffensive, but decidedly beneficial to health. An individual living on a salicylatetl diet would not absorb so much of the salicylic acid per diem as that which is prescribed to be taken for the prevention of epidemics and other ailments, such at) goat, rheumatism, catarrhal affections, etc. The proiiortions in which salicylic acid dissolves are: One i>art by weight in :J(H) to rA*) parts of cold water. One part l)y weight in IM to 2U parts of hot water. One part l>y weight in .M) i'"rtM of glycerine. Oiu) i>art by weight iu a parts of absolute alcohol. AND GREAT PHYSICIANS. 61 In rnm, brandy, wine, cider, etc., it dissolves according to their re- spective strengths and temperatures. Note.— By contact with iron in any form salicylic acid takes a violet color. This mast be noted, especially when treating milk, etc., if contained in metallic vessels. The only bad effects will be simply slight discolor- ation. MEAT. It IS a well-known fact that, especially in hot weather, meat, poultry, and game, although apparently quite fresh, prove, on closer examina- tion, or often only when cooked, to be tainted and of bad odor. This can be entirely removed by either watering and washing the meat in a lukewarm solution of salicylic acid (three to four teaspoonfuls of acid to two quarts of water), or by adding a smtdl pinch of the dry acid in powder, during the cooking. To keep meat for several days from becoming high or tainted: Place it for twenty or thirty minutes in an aqueous solution of 8 drachms of salicylic acid to one gallon of water. Rub into the surface of the meat some dry salicylic acid, particu- larly about the bony and fatty parts; the meat to be afterward cleaned before cooking as usual. Although the raw meat treated with the acid turns slightly pale on the surface it suffers no change whatever internally. Meat thus treated with salicylic acid requires, also, less cooking to render it tender. PUKE MILK. A third of a teaspoonful (or, if the temperature be high, a little more) of the solid acid to a ciuart of milk delays the process of curdling for thirty-six hours, without influencing its property of yielding cream. BUTTER Washed with an aqueous solution (four drachms of acid to a gallon of water), or kept in it, or wrapped in cloths soaked in this water, keeps fresh for a very long time. Butter already rancid can be improved by treatment with a stronger solution (8 drachms of acid to 1 gallon of water), followed by washing in pure water. The bad smell often arising in salted butter is entirely prevented by addition of the acid. JAMS OF ALL KINDS, JELLIES, PRESERVES, AND PICKLES, Ot every description, made in the usual way, but with the addition of about 1 drachm of salicylic acid to every 4 pounds of the preserve, will keep sound with absolute certainty for a much longer time, fermenta- tion and mouldiness being prevented. Under exceiitionally unfavorable circumstances, such as hot |)antries, a little of the dry acid should bo sprinkled on the top of tlie vessel or preserve pot. A tightly-fitting piece of blotting paper, previously saturated with a concentrated sohi- tion of salicylic acid in spirit, brandy, or rum, and placed on the top of the preserves will also greatly aid in keeping them. 62 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, NEW-LAID EGGS Can be kept for a very long time by being placed for half an hoar in a cold, saturated, aqueous solution of the acid, .then allowed to dry in the air, and, as usual, kept in a cool place. Some prefer to coat them by dipping them in melted paraffine after they have been treated in this manner. (Use no straw or hay in packing eggs.) THE YOLK AND THE WHITE OF EGGS Are most effectually preserved for a long time by the addition of '2 to 1 onnce of the acid per 20 pounds of these substances. It is also well to place a paper soaked in the salicylic acid solution on the top of them, which greatly enhances the preserving effect. In the manufacture of vinegar, salicylic acid is also of great impor- tance to prevent false or excessive fermentation, putridity, etc. WINE. With respect to wine the experiments of Prof. Nenbauer of Wies- baden have proved that the introduction of the acid for the preservation of wine marks an era of great industrial progress, as it energetically prevents, even when used in very small (juantities, the formation of mould germs and other circumstances which are injurious to wine, while it absolutely arrests secondary fermentation, cloudiness, etc. As wine differs very much in its constitation the requisite quantity of sali- cylic acid must bo found out by practice in each particular ciise. About Jii to ?4 of an ounce per 50 gallons will be found sufficient for most wines. In using the salicylic acid for this purpose it is recommended to make a strong solution of it in pure spirit, perfectly free from fusel oil, and then to add of this solution as much as may be requisite. If in addition to this the casks are washed out with an aqueous solu- tion of the acid it will prove of great service, and all other agents at present used for this i)urpose will soon be abandoned. The larger the amount of sugar in i)roportion to the alcohol the more salicylic acid will be required. The addition is best made when the wine has attained its full ripeness. The effervescence of wine in spring, or after carriage in warm weather, will at once be stopped. The salicylic acid kills all kinds of germs, and destrf)ys the growth and action of any yeast which may still be present; it is therefore of incalculable value in effectually preserving wine, and as a preventive of the deterioration to which this liquid is subject. Must, fresh from thfl press in autumn, can be kept without fermenta- tion iierfcctly fresh, bright, and sweet for six to eight months by the addition of I to 1' ^ 0111 ices per .^0 gallon, or of ', ounce per KKl bottl(>s. Sparkling Must re<|uires an addition of II to 7 ounces of salicylic acid ))er lUU gallons. In the same manner all kinds of fruit-wine which, as is well known, soon turn sour, can be presurved by the addition of a similar quantity of salii-> lie acid. Mu^t k4>pl still for ti'ausporl can at any tinie beset into forntuututiou by u slight udditiou of curbuuutu of Hoda aud fresh yeaut. AND GKEAT PHYSICIANS. 63 BEER. Experiments made upon a large scale have placed beyond a donbt the remarkable properties of salicylic acid as a preventive of secondary fermentation and acidity in beer, and as a preservative of beer in a sound condition when sent out or exposed to the noxious influences of warm cellars, change of temperature, etc. The amount of salicylic acid required to produce the best effects in preserving beer varies according to the quality of the malt liquor; but half an ounce per barrel of 3*5 im- perial gallons will be very generally found to answer the purpose well. The addition of the salicylic acid delays secondary fermentation in stock and export beers, which may then be kept for any length of time without becoming unsound or of unpleasant flavor. Less than a quarter ounce of the powder of salicylic acid per barrel of boiling wort, strewn into the same while turning out will destroy or suspend the vitality of the false ferments, especially that of the lactic ferment, in the ferment- ing vats, and this not only without injury to the yeast cells, but keeping them free from parasitical growths. In this manner the fermentation will take a steadier course and enable the liquor to attain its perfection during the ensuing still fermentation in the cask, into which another quarter ounce or more of the acid is to be given per barrel a fortnight before racking. Stout, and in fact all beers for export to a hot climate, require rather more. For long transports the acid in powder can be simply thrown into the exjjort casks, in which it dissolves in the course of three days instead of a weeK, which is required by the cold beer lying quietly. BOTTLED BEEK NOT SALICYLATED IN THE CASK. The clean bottles mast be rinsed with a solution of 1 part of salicylic acid in 4 or ."> parts of spirit (free from fusel oil), which can be poured from 1 bottle to another. Or, a small pinch of the acid in powder is placed in every bottle before filling. The corks should always be boiled in water containing 1 ounce to the gallon, which is also efficient in disinfecting tubes, taps, etc. CIDEB. Dissolve H of an ounce of salicylic acid in a gallon of cider, and then add this amount to each barrel of cider. This is superior to any prepa- ration of lime. The cider mast be treated when fresh. GLUE, GELATINE, GTJM ARABIC SOLUTIONS, PASTE, SIZE, STABCH, INK, SKINS OF ALL KINDS, ETC. Are successfully preserved for a length of time from decomposition or deterioration by means of salicylic acid. One-thousandth part of the acid introduced into a vat of geletine or into decoctions of animal mat- ter, prevents their undergoing decomposition ff)r an indefinite period of time. Calico printers are using half a pound f>f the acid to every 100 pounds of dressing starch, in order to entirely i>reclude the disagreeable odor arising after awhile from dry goods in store. 64 SECEETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, IN THE PROCESS OF TANNING, If the bark-color be slightly salicylated, this liquor will not nndergo the change which, instead of making the hides and skins swell, often causes the opposite effect, contracting them by an alkaline action, and at the same time imparting to them a putrid odor. Treatment with carbolic acid also leaves a most objectionable odor, especially in fine leather goods. The use of salicylic acid will thus be found highly re- munerative to all tanners, as it has proved in the industries already alluded to. IN SUGAE FACTOKIES Three drachms of salicylic acid are used to every 300 i)onnds of beet- root in the diffusing liquor, in order to prevent fermentation, and for destroying the parasitical growths, especially noticeable in the old material. FOE DISINFECTING. Fumigation with the acid purifies the air and walls of closed rooms. Simply evaporate some on a heated shovel, which must not be red-hot. The air in crowded buildings, schools, barracks, hospitals, factories, etc., will be improved by keeping tlie floors sprinkled with the solution. In sick rooms this is of meat importance, the dust settling on the floor being the readiest receptacle and means of transmitting the micro- scopic fungi or germs of infection which float in the air. VESSELS, CORKS, ETC., Are very well cleaned and disinfected by washing them with an aqueous solution of the acid. This deserves especial notice. It is evident tliat numeroua advantageous applications of salicylic acid are carried out besides those enumerated above, but tlie descrip- tions already given will cnalilo any person interested in the matter to find out the best means of deriving profit from the wonderful proper- ties of this extremely useful substance. Ice-iloUse ai|^ l^ef rigeraior. BY JOHN TAYLOR. Houses builton (his plan arc lined Ihrougliout tlie inside with sheet iron. There is a layer of felt nailed (<» tlie sides, ceiling, and floor of the room, and on this is nailed the sheet iron. It is then painted with two heavy coats, it being (ho aim to fill up all joints and seams with the paint. Rut as the tin and feKdo not render (lie room absolutely air- tight, I am of opinion (hat it can as well l)f dispensed willi. It mit;lit save some ice if (he seanis were all Holdered. Tlic la.ver (if C(Mneiit, UHphnituni or gas (ar, which should cov(-r (he gnxnid below the joists, is to protect tli(< room from (he nioiH(ure and warmth of the earth. .VbovelhiH layer should be about HO inches of dry sawihist or turneru shuvingH, well packed up to (he level of the top of (he joists. AND GBEAT PHYSICIANS. 65 The drainage from the ice Ih carried off by a series of V-shaped tin or iron troughs, which ran between the joists, all of which carry the water to one point, where it is carried outside by a trap-pipe. These troughs reach over to the center of the top of the joists, and are soldered to- gether, 60 that no water will drip on the floor below. It will be seen that in this plan there is no sawdust or other preservative in contact with the ice, and that the air of the room circulates around and over the ice. As long as the temperature of the goods stored is above the tem- perature of the room there will be a gentle draught around the mass of ice, and of course all the moisture in the air, vapors, and odors from JS^riotratiMSinie* the goods wiU condense on the ice and pass off, so that you can keep milk, cream, butter, fruits, and meats all in the same chamber without danger of injuring the flavor of either. The atmosphere of the room is always dry, sweet, and pure. The features of this plan can as well be carried out by arranging a room inside of another building. I should have explained before that the ice does not rest directly on the joists; but there is a bed of oak lath, about li by 3 inches, laid across thejoiets, about 4 or 5 inches apart, on which the ice is laid. I would 66 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, further snggest that another cold chamber can as well be had by making a cellar under the one shown, with a lattice floor between them. It would be necessary to finish the sides and bottom of this cellar in the most complete manner, as above described. At the entrance to the store-room there must be a vestibule, either inside or outside, as space or circomstances may diroct. If outside the walls should be thick and the door very heavy. The doors, both inside and outside, should be fitted with rubber, so as to close perfectly tight, and both doors must never be opened at the same time. This vestibule should be large enough to contain a fair wagon load of goods, so that if you are receiv- ing a load of stufiF yon are not required to stop until all is in the vesti- bule and ready to store. This house only needs filling once a year. The temperature will range from 34 deg. in winter to 36 deg. in summer, and will preserve fruit perfectly from season to season. The opening for putting in the ice, shown just under the pnllcy in the cut, has two doors with a space between; each door a foot thick. The window in the cold room has three sets of sash, well packed or cemented. The walls are 13 inches thick, lined with 17 inches of sawdust. Thirty-six inches of saw- dust are put on the floor over the ice. The building shown is 25 feet square, inside measure, and 22 feet from floor of cold room to ceiling over the ice. The ice-room is 12 feet high, and the cold room 9 feet. Pillars are required under the center of the ice,— Country Gentleman. cheap Iceii'lloUses. Settlers in the newer portions of the couutry are often deprived of many comforts which are easily accessi ble in long-settled places. What- ever contributes to lessen these privations, if at little cost, sliould merit special attention. A cheap ice-house may be made to afford an impor- FlQ. 1. tant nharp of country comforts in such settlements. There is nf>thing to prevent an Hl)iiudant Hiiiiply through thi- lieal of rtiimintT where there Ih a stream or sheet of water within Iwd or tlirne iiiilei* fniiii which cleiir blockb of ice may be sawed. auwdoBt is the best material for packing. AND GKEAT PHYSICIANS. 67 bnt in its absence cha£f, chopped straw, or even straw unchopped may be made to answer the purpose. A costly and elaborate building is no better than the cheapest structure for keeping ice, if care is only taken to have it properly packed, which is very easily done after one "knows how." We have never seen ice better preserved through a long and hot summer than in a board shanty with only one thickness of siding, and that full of cracks and crevices. For a new settlement one built of logs, like that shown in the accompanying tigure (Fig. I), may be made to answer a good purpose. The floor may be slabs, and the roof a covering of bmsh to hold the packing to its place, if a slab roof is not readily made. If saw- dust is used for packing the crevices between the logs will need close stopping; or, still better, it cEm be faced on the inside with slabs set upright, with the smooth side inward. If straw is employed the rough logs may remain, and the crevices between them may be left open. For sawdust a well-packed space of 10 inches between walls and ice will keep the ice well: chopped straw should be 15 or 20 inches thick, and long straw should occupy a space of 2 feet. Stiff, coarse straw will not answer unless packed very solid; finer and softer, as of thickly sown rm I l._M_J ^^ i f^^g^^^i mg^ 3, oats, is better, and the walls which it forms need not be quite so thick. Fine hay would be still better, and would answer if only a foot and a half thick and well put in. Dry swamp moss, such as nurserymen use for packing trees and plants, would be one of the very best substances for protecting the ice, if only a foot thick. Having prepared the house and packing cut the blocks of ice of pre- cisely equal size, using a cross-cut saw with one handle removed, to go under water. The size should be measured and scratched on the surface for the saw to follow. Two feet square is a convenient size. When cut 68 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, lift them out witli a li«ht plank having a batten nailed across one end to hold them (Fig. 2). Place about 10 inches of sawdust on the floor (or twice as much solid straw), and build the structures solid with the ice blocks, ramming in the sawdust or other packing as the structure goes up (Fig. 3). When finished cover it with a thickness of packing nearly equal to that at the sides. It is important that there be free ventilation Eg.l. over the top, which the loose brush will not prevent. If there is a slab roof the air must blow freely between this roof and the top covering. The slab floor will allow a free drainage of all the water wliich runs down through the packing from the melting ice. A structure nearly as cheap as the preceding is represented in Fig. 4. It is made by setting rough posts into the ground with the inner sides rig. 6. straight or faced with the ax, and then nailing common roneh boards on them ("like a tight fence) to a sufficient height. The floor is made as already described, and the roof may be hoards or slabs. The openings at the gahloH perform an important part in the ventilation (» -idniitiing all the air that can sweep over the top sawdust. Fig. 3, aireudy referred to, is the grf)nnd plan, and Fig. 5 is a vertical section. There are three requisites to be secured in order to keep the ice sac- AND GKEAT PHYSICIANS. 69 cesefully: 1st. The closely packed, non-conducting substance on each side, under and above the mass oi ice. 2d. Perfect drainage at the bot- tom without the admission of air. 3d. Free circulation of air over the top covering. If these requisites are observed the result will be entirely satisfactory. — Country Gentlemen. A cheap Ice^cKes^. Procure two dry-goods boxes, one of which is enough smaller than the other to leave a space of 3 or 4 inches all around when it is placed inside. Fill the space between the two with sawdust packed closely and cover with a heavy lid made to fit neatly inside the larger box. Insert a small pipe in the bottom of the chest to carry off the water from the melting ice. For family or grocers' use this will prove even more serv- iceable than some of the high-priced patent refrigerators. ice iVi^KoU^ ai| lce«FCoUse> Select a dry, shady spot; dig a ditch for carrying off the waste water, and over it place a lath-work. Upon this lay a thick layer of moss, leaves, or sawdust. Now pile upon this the cakes of ice, the larger the better, and cut or sawed square in such a manner as to leave as few spaces as possible, filling up those which may occur with fine sawdust in order to prevent the air from penetrating into the interior of the pile. It is best to build the pile in the form of a pjTamid. When completed it is covered with straw, moss, or leaves as thick and as close as possi- ble, a layer of earth being thrown upon it to secure the covering and as a further protection to the ice. Where a stream or lake is inaccessible from which to procure ice for filling ice-houses, especially where a small quantity is stored, the ice can be frozen with water from the well in boxes or other contrivance made especially for the purpose, which we leave to the ingenuity of those who are interested. Freeziiig MixlUres. Refrigerating salts and mixtures are used to produce cold artificially. They are used with or without ice or snow. As is weU known common salt mixed with pounded ice or snow lowers the temperature to a con- siderable degree, so there are other mixtures which will produce a still greater degree of cold. The following simple and cheap preparation, when mixed according to directions, will produce artificial cold suffi- 70 SECRETS OP WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, cipnt to cool wines, etc., without the aid of ice: Take common sal- ammoniac, well pulverized, 1 part; saltjieter, '1 parts, and mix wpll together: then take common soda, well pulverized. To use, take equal quantities of these preparations (which must be kept separate and well covered previous to using) and put them in the freezing pot; add of water a sufficient quantity, ami put in the article to be frozen in a proper vessel and cover up until cooled as desired. These tables consist of mixtores having the power of generating or creating cold, with or without the aid of ice, sufficient for all useful and philosophical purposes, in any part of the world at any season: FREEZING JaXTUEES WITHOUT ICE. MIXTUKES. Muriate of ammonium 5 Nitrate of potassium 5 Water 16 Muriate of ammonium .5 Nitrate of potassium 5 Sulphate of sodium 8 Water IB Nitrate of ammonium 1 Water 1 Nitrate of ammonium 1 ( 'arbonate of sodium 1 Water 1 Sulphate of sodium 3 Dilute nitric acid 2 parts ) parts > parts ) parts "^ parts I parte f partsj jjart part Thermometer Sinks. From +50 to +10 From +50' to +4 From +50" to +4" part ) ' part > From ^ TiG' to —7 part ) I S!From'+50-to-3 Sulphate of sodium ])arts'l Muriate of ammonium 4 parts 1 Nitrate of potassium 2 imrts I Dilute nitric acid 4 partsj Sul phate of sodium tj Nitrate of ammonium Ti Dilute nitric acid 4 Phosphate of sodium it Dilute nitric acid 4 Phosphate of so Muriate of ammonium 1 part ) Snow or pounded ice 24 parts"! Muriate of sodium 10 parts I Muriate of ammonium 5 parts f Nitrate of potassium 5 parts J Snow or pounded ice 12 parts ) Mnriate of sodinm 5 parts > Nitrate of ammonium 5 parts ) Snow 3 parts ) Dilute solpliuric acid 2 parts ) Snow 8 parts ) Muriatic acid 5 parts ) Snow 7 parts ) Dilute nitric acid 4 parts ) Snow 4 parts Muriate of calcium 5 parts Snow 2 parts ) Crystallized muriate of CEil- >• cium 3 parts ) Snow 3 parts [ Potash 4 parts S Thermometer Degree of Sinks. Produced. B to —5' ■■ fp to —12 ,. 0. S to —18= •• a ' 2 to— 25= .. From + 32= to— 23 = 55 From + 32 to -27' 59 From +32' to —30 62 From + 32° to— 40 72 From + 82' to— 50 82 From + 32 to— 51= 83 COMBINATIONS OF FREEZING MIXTURES. MIXTURES. Thermometer Sinks. Phosphate of sodium 5 parts ) Nitrate of ammonium 3 parts > From Dilute nitric acid 4 parts ) Phosphate of sodium 3 parts ) Nitrate of ammonium 2 parts !■ Dilute nitric acid 4 parts ) Snow 3 parts I Dilute nitric acid 2 parts S 0' to— 34 From- 34= to— 50 From 0' to —46' Degree qf cold Produced. 34 16 46 72 SECRETS OF WISE MEK, CHEMISTS, Coi|siai|4; \Va4;er |3a^Ks> \_Atnerican CJiemical Journal.^ The followinR simple form of constant water bath, which wastes no water, I have found to be very convenient: A tube of glass or metal, not less than ^i of an inch internal diameter, the ends of which are cut off obliquely, is bent as shown in the cut. It sliould make an angle of about 30 deg., or a little greater, with the hori- zontal. The angle may be diminished if the bore of the tube is in- creased. One end is inserted in the water bath, the other in an inverted bottle. The height of the water in the bath is regulated by the depth of immersion of the tube in it. The boiling is not interrupted by the feeding, which takes place slowly and regularly. It is necessary that the ends of the tubes should be cut off obliquely. The same form of tnlw answers wiually well for keeping a constant level in ;i filter or dry- ing clianiber. A brass tube is much better than a glass one, as it does not crack at the water level after using for a time. Brass tubes can easily be bent by ramming full of sand, stopping tlie ends, and bending them over a curved surface. A large number of baths can be run by this apparatus by connecting them with a i)atli fetl by it. — Clmrli's 'I'. I'Dincriiy. Note.— We have used for a numl)er of yc^ars in (his hihoratory a form of constant water liath wtiich was contrived by Mr. IMwanl Hogardus, formerly cliemist to tlie New Jersey State Geological Survey. As I have not Heen it deHcrii)ed in print, and as it is cheap, simple, etRciunt, and ingenious, 1 will ilraw attenti The practice of preserving roots, vegetables, and plants by covering them with earth or by placing them in cellars, etc., is an ancient one, but the practical application of the principle on a large scale to the preservation of fodder-corn, clover, etc., as a food for stock is compara- tively a recent practice, the first silo in this country having been built within the last twelve years. Previously, however, the French and English gave the subject considerable attention, but it seems that within the last two or tlu-ee years our American experimenters have made great improvements in the process and construction of the silo by which more 74 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, snccessful results have been at taineil I lian ever lief ore and liave awakened innc'li interest aiinmK the progressive class of farmers and stock-growers tliroughout the country. A number of the Agricultural Experiment Stations located in the different States, particularly those of Wisconsin, Illinois, and also the Agricultural College at Guelph, Ontario, have made extensive applica- tions of the process. Several articles from them detailing the success of tlie experiments for the past season have appeared in the columns of The Breeder's Gazette of this city. Through the courtesy of the editor and Prof. W. A. Henry of the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Sta- tion we are enabled to present full instructions in regard to construct- ing and tilling a silo. These, with clippings which we include from the writings of others high in authority on the subject, contain as full an account of recent experiments as we can give with our limited space. "Agriculture never took a longer stride in advance than it did when the silo was added to the practical equipment of the farm. Most of us were slow to realize this at first, and a great many are yet unwilling to concede the advantages claimed for the silo, I)ut the utility of the modern silo cannot be gainsaid, for without it we are left at the mercy of the elements in the handling of our great corn crop. There was much truth in the statement that the silo as first introduced was too expensive for the average farmer, but in no department of the farm has there been such a change of opinion and methods of attaining desired results as is the case witli the silo. The modern wooden building is nt)t only less expensive but vastly superior to the original cellar or stone structure and every year's experience is tlirowing light in hitherto dark places, so that in a short time the progressive dairyman or beef-raiser will think no more of filling his silo than our fathers did of filling the barn with hay, anil with proper facilities for handling the corn no part of the silo work will be as hard as pitching hay over the 'big beam.' " * ♦ * Supt. Adams, Wis. Agr. Exp. Station. * * * A xilo is a place where fodder is preserved in a snccnlent condition. It may be a pit, a bos, a mow, a tank, u buiUling, or a trench in the earth. Milage is tiie word denoting the fodder so preserved. A'«- silat/e 18 the term applied to the process or system. Eiutile is the verb expressive of the action of making silage. En.h. * * • I further Ixjlieve that our present knowledge of the silo and the best methods of storing crops therein is not perfect, and that wo will make great advancement in the future; l)nt tliat wo have roached a point wtiere this method is within the possibilities of onrnveragi- farm- ers, and it is this class most of all that needs this method. The time has come when wo must produce more beef, butter, wool, and pork to the acre or sink lieneatli the wave of competion that is driving over our laml. The silo Heems to lie a vuluublo and important means to this end. —Hruf. IK. A. llKury. AND GREAT PBYSICIANS. 76 OONSTEDOTINQ THE SILO.— BY PROF. W. A. HENRY. A 100-TOS DOUBLE SILO. "Silos are like houses, no two individuals can agree upon the same plan; for this reason 1 approach this branch of the subject with no ex- pectation of pleasing all or of giving directions for making a perfect structure. I deem it best to give a description of one way in which a double silo may be built and leave it to the reader to introduce such modifications in the plan as may best meet his particular wants and circumstances. The drawing herewith presented shows an ideal two- room silo 16 feet wide, 32 feet long, and 16 feet to the eaves. Built as described each room would have a capacity of over 3,000 cubic feet which would contain about 50 tons of settled ensilage weighing 3.5 pounds to the cubic foot. We may say then that this figure represents a 100-ton silo. For the foundation of this structure either bricK or stone may be used, going deep enough to avoid heaving by the frost and rising 6 inches or 1 foot above the surface of the level ground about it. Upon this wall a sill should be laid which had best be constructed of 2x10 inch plank. One of the difficulties in silo construction is to avoid spreading of the building, which sometimes occors through lateral pressure of the contents when settling. For this reason the sills must be well tied together at the corners; instead of using square timbers, which are greatly weakened by cutting, plank may be substituted and the corners of the sill constructed as in Fig. 2. If well spiked there will be no danger from spreading at the corners. The plank of which the sills are constructed should be at least 8 inches wide; 10 would be 76 SECKETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, better. By usins four of tliese, lyiiiR one on top of anotlinr, tho sill will be H incliCH tliick. Midway between tlio ends of tlio biiildint: a cross wall should bo built, and on tliisaHill should be laid upon which to erect the partition which divides the silo into two compartments. This FIG. 1. cross wall should be so worked into the side walls as to hold them securely, and thus prevent the silo from spreading on the sides. A little ingenuity will make the foundation and sills secure. If possible the sills should be as wide as the wall upon which it rests, but if this cannot Fia. 2. be conveniently done the wall of stone or brick should bo raised above the ground but a very few inches at most, as tlie ensilage in settling on the shoulder made by the jutting wall is almost certain to spoil at that point. Having laid the sill upon tlio wall in the manner described FIO. 3. proroeil to erect the building l)y standing 2xS or 10-inrh studding i)or- |.ondicularly upon this sill, phiciug them not further apart tliari every 1(1 inchoH, HO that a Bheot of tarred building papec will lap two studding in each case. The reader is cuulioned to measure the building pajjur care- AND GREAT PHYSICIANS. 77 fully before setting up the studding, as it is sometimes scant in width and trouble will occur when one attempts to tack on the paper. Double the studding at the corners. In the illustration of the building I have not placed the proper number of studding, but the reader can rest assured that once in 16 inches is not too often. Having placed our studding in position and secured them by a plate running around the top we are ready for the rafters. Fig. 3 shows how these rest upon the plates and how they are tied together so as to least interfere with the filling of the silo. For a cheap silo boards may be used, though proba- bly shingles are the cheapest in the end. In the roof upon one side place a dormer window at D in the illustration; this window is immedi- ately over the partition. It is intended that the ensilage carrier shall pass up through tho window so that the ensilage will fall over the par- tition and can be deposited in either one of the two compartments by means of a slanting chute. If one does not wish to undergo the expense of the dormer window a scuttle in the roof is all that is necessary. The roof is the same as for any building. "We are now ready to sheathe the silo; let us begin on the inside. First of all tack tarred building paper to the studding, running the strips up and down and having them catch on every third studding. Avoid all openings or rents in the paper. Having placed the paper take common boards dressed on one side and sheet up to the top of the stud- ding. When this is completed repeat the operation by placing a second layer of boards over the first, breaking joints. Narrow boards are preferable to wide ones for this work, as they will swell without bulg- ing. We have double-boarded the inside of our silo by this operation, and rendered it practically impervious to the air. I see no reason for using anji:hing but common lumber for this purpose, as upon swelling it vrill close up tight enough to keep out the air. Upon the outside of the studding tack building paper again, as shown at Fig. C in the first illustration. Over this paper place any kind of boards that the fancy of the builder may dictate, as clapboards, shiplap, or drop-siding. It will be seen that our walls are constructed as follows, beginning at the outside: First, siding; second, building paper; third, a dead-air space of 8 or 10 inches; fourth, building paper; fifth, common boards; sixth, common boards. No sawdust, tanbark, or other filling should be used, as a dead-air space is a better non-conductor for our purpose and less expensive than any of these. The partition can be built of narrower studding than those used on the sides of the building, and one thickness of boards used on each side, together with building paper, as in the first instance, is suflBcient. To prevent lateral pressure bulging the silo two iron rods should he run through the partition walls joining the sides of the building, placing one about two feet above the partition sill and the other about four feet above that. Half or three-fourths-inch rods with heavy caps at the ends should be sufficient, and are easily put in place before the boards are tacked to the partition. "Two doorways should be left by cutting out a single studding in each compartment upon the most convenient side. These doorways reach to 78 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, within three feet of the groand, and should be about seven feet in height. They need not reach to within five feet of the top of the build- ing. The ensilage will settle in the silo several feet, and when the time comes to pass it out through the doorway it takes but little time to dig down two or three feet to the top of the door and make an opening large enough to pass out the upper layer. Fig. 1 shows one of the ways in which a doorway may be made so that it can be boarded up air-tight, instead of making solid doors hung on hinges I think it is better to use boards that will fit in crossways, making them doable thick, and having the inside board even with the inside boarding of the silo, as shown in Fig. 1. Do not make the doorways over 6 or 7 feet in length vertically, as in aU cases they weaken the structure. Endeavor to have the in- side of the silo smooth and perpendicular from top to bottom, with no jogs or shoulders upon which the ensilage can catch or drag. "If built above ground fill the rooms of the two compartments with earth until the surface is three or four inches above the outside level, so that no water will at any time enter to injure the ensilage that rests on the ground. I do not yet know which is the liest method of preserving the silo from decaying. This is an important branch of the topic, but it has thus far received little attention. Some have recommended using kerosene for an inside coating. We shall try that this season, and also gas or roofing tar, which I think will be excellent. This roofing tar when heated becomes liquid, and can be applied with a mop to the in- side of the silo. As soon as it cools it hardens into an impervious glossy layer that I sliould think eminently adapted to this purimse. "Having no ceiling or floor, and being built of common material, there is no necessity for the silo being an expensive structure. Of course the reader will modify the descrii)tion given to suit his own wants and circumstances, Ijut I can assure him that in some such way he can pro- vide a silo at no great expense. "After the structures built for the special purpose comes the modifi- cation of building already erected. A great many farmers are building over bays in their barns for silos. This is easily accomplished by placing studding all around the l)ay and double boarding on the inside. If one fears cold weather he can make a dead-air si)ace by using two sets of studding and boarding on the inside of the bay. Stone buildings can be converted into good silos by furring out and double boarding on the inside. In general I am adverse to stone structures for this purpose unless thus boarded. Some kinds of stone seem to do very well, but stone walls carry off the heat and moisture too rapidly to make gf)od silo walls. If one wishes to try ijreserving corn-fodder and cannot afford a structure of wood, he can excavate a pit in the earth and bury the corn-fodder therein, though I am sure he will soon give up this practice as unduly expensive. "Awfirdin regard to (he locatiim of tlie silo. It may 1)0 built ad- joining the feeding barn witli the doors so placed tliat llie ensilage be conveyed directly to the cattle, or if that is not possible, place it where the ensilage can be conveyed by a car or cart. Mr. Hiram Smith of this AND GREAT PHYSICIANS. 79 State, who has large silos and uses ensilage extensively, holds that it is not inconvenient to have the silo located a few rods from the feeding barn. The ensilage is pitched into a cart with forks and the cart driven into the feeding barn between the two rows of cows which stand facing each other. The ensilage is placed in front of the animals directly from the cart with great rapidity. In some cases a car can be used which can be run down grade into the barn in front of the cattle. I think either of these methods is preferable to attempting to carry ensilage in baskets any distance. FILLING THE SILO, "Probably very few stone silos will be built in the future, for experi- ence shows that a stone wall chills the ensilage during the curing process and if it does not seriously injure tliat portion next to it to a thickness of several inches it renders it at least less palatable than en- silage nearer the middle of the silo. One reason, in my judgment, that the silo has not won more friends in the Eastern States is owing to the common use of stone in its construction. On our experimental farm at Madison our first silo, built m 1881, was of stone, and our conclusions in regard to ensilage were made up from results obtained with this silo; had we put up a wooden structure I am confident our results would have been worth vastly more to our people than they have been. "The question of stacking ensilage is sometimes raised, being urged npon our people by the practice of our English friends, who are experi- menting quite largely in this direction. It will be no more profitable to stack ensilage in the Northern States than to stack hay, and even less so in my judgment, for the waste would be very considerable and no one would relish the job of handling it during bad weather. Silos built of wood or made Ify changing over the bays of barns are the proper structures, judging Erom our present knowledge, for the Northern States; our friends at the South may find stacking successful. "Having constructed the silo somewhat after the one described, though, be it remembered, large latitude is allowed in this matter, we will proceed to fill it with bne of the two crops most suitable for the purposes; clover or fodder-corn. If clover is to be used I would recom- mend that a hay-loader be tried for the purpose of picking it up just as left by the mower. I have hopes that some form of hay-loader will do this work satisfactorily. The clover, either fresh or partly wilted, in any degree of drjness indeed, may be carried at once and unloaded into the silo, care being taken to fill and tramp down the corners and along the edges so that when all has thoroughly settled there will be no air spaces to favor decay. To fill a silo with clover is indeed a most simple process. By having two divisions the pits can be filled alternately, each layer of material heating up to the required temperature before the next is placed over it. "For fodder-corn the processes are a little more complex, though in reality very simple. The fodder-corn should be allowed to approach icatufity, tie best point for cutting being not far from that at which we 80 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, would ordinarDy cut any Bhock. By this I do not mean to allow the leaves to become dry and crisp, but rather that they show a change from deep rank green to that yellowish tinge indicative of maturity, though with still an abundance of moisture in them. Formerly ensilage corn , wa8 cut shortly after the tassel appeared. Without doubt very consid- erable loss was incurred by such a practice. "It is evident that if we cut our fodder at the time the corn is glazing our practice is as near correct as the present stage of investigation points out. Since the period ot filling the silo will occupy several days, or even a couple of weeks, we must gauge the date of commencement to strike the best average conditions. For cutting the fodder some parties recommend the use of the reaper, but 1 judge from what I have been told that a good many rakes have been broken in atteiniiting the work, and that many have given them up and gone back to the use of the corn knife. Such must be the case usually, at least where large varieties of corn are grown. The stalks should be cut close to the ground and thrown into bundles or gavels. If the weather is at all threatening I think it proper to cut and shock, since the fodder will dry off much more rapidly if rain falls, and it will not be so muddy and disagreeable to handle as when laid on the ground. Last season the writer urged that the fodder be wilted before it was put into the silo, and his own experience, with that of many others, corroborates this method of i>rocedure, which has the additional ad- vantage that less water is handled in the operation. If it is intended to allow the fodder to wilt the corn had better be cut and shocked, after which it may stand from three to ten days, depending upon the maturity of the stalks at time of cutting and the weather. If the fodder dries out rapitlly, from four days to a week is amply long for it to stand in shock, while if the weather is somewhat damp or the foddertjuite green it may even stand ten days with no loss. One of the advantages of cutting and shocking is that when it is over the force of men employed in this operation can be changed to filling the silo. If tlio corn is cut and placed in the silo at once quite a force of hands is needed, but by cutting and shocking first we can avoid this double force. "For drawing to the silo truck wagons are !)etter than ordinary ones, since the fodder is more easily loaded uiion them. The common prac- tice is to attach a i>lank to the rear of the wagon, up wliich the men can walk with their anus full of fodder, which should be placed with tops all one way for ease in unloading. If the fodder ia to be put through the feed-cutter the cutter should be placed so that the carrier will deposit it in either of the two pits as required. Formerly the carriers were so constructed that they would not work a(lv:mtag<>ously at a much greater angle tlian l.') deg., but now I note that some manufacturers have them arranged to carry almost vertically. "In regard to the kind of feed-cutter to be us(>d, it may be said that there are several valuable machines before the public, any one of which will prove satisfactory if prf>perly managed. Tlio only point I desire to urge is that a large machine be purchased, one having about double the AND GREAT PHYSICIANS. 81 advertised capacity. Small cutters are a nuisance; hand-power cutters are out of the question. The cutter should i)e driven by three horses on a sweep power or two on a tread, or by a steam engine. Many farmers delay ordering the cutter until within a week or two of the time to fill the silo and are obliged to wait weeks until it is received, thereby suffer- ing great inconvenience and loss. As soon as the question is settled in favor of having a silo a cutter should be selected and ordered, and it should be set up and run in a test trial not less than a week before actual filling is contemplated, so that repairs or changes can be made. To run a feed-cutter properly requires considerable experience and some knowledge of machinery, and many isersons have sufifered serious losses by not giving this side of the subject due attention. "This brings me to a point in the discussion of considerable interest to many persons who desire to have silos but dread the experience and expense of machinery, t'orn-fodder may be preserved in a perfectly satisfactory manner without running it through the feed-cutter, and may be drawn from the field and deposited directly in the silo. The expense of putting corn-fodder through the feed-cutter, first and last, is not far from half of all that incurred from the time of cutting the fod- der to closing the silo. To fill the silo with long fodder let it be drawn in the usual manner and lifted at once into the pit, which can be accom- plished in several ways, either by hand or the horse hay-fork carrier and slings. In the silo it should be distributed evenly and probably had better be placed in regular layers, lapping "shingle fashion" so that it will settle evenly. "The use of long fodder for the silo has been urged with considera- ble vigor by Mr. I. J. Clapp of Kenosha, Wis., one of The Breeder's Gazette's correspondents, and I think much good has resulted from his advocacy. There is no doubt but that long fodder will keep just as well as that which is cut up, and I am not at all certain but such ensilage is even better in some cases tlian that made by cutting up the stalks into small pieces. When cut into small pieces the fodder is considerably bruised, and there is much more exposure of the juices to the air than there is where whole fodder is used. My attention was called to this point by a recent letter from Mr. Clapp, and 1 hope we can make some observations on the subject in the future. At any rate let those parties who either from choice or necessity do not wish to use the feed-cutter hesitate no longer in regard to the silo if they wish to try it, but go ahead and place the whole fodder in one, and I am confident they will not be disappointed in its feeding qualities. The only difficulty with long fodder comes at the time it is to be taken out for feeding purposes; then if large varieties have been used the man who attempts to get it out of the silo will need strong muscles and a large degree of patience to enable him to tug at the compact mass, which is quite difficult to manage. Twenty-five cows will eat up the ensilage about as fast as one man can get it out. It may be just as economical, however, to put two men into the silo for an hour or two each day during the winter, when labor is cheap, to get out the ensilage as it is to use more expensive 82 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, labor in the fail to accomplish the extra work of running the feed- cutter. "Slow tilling is without doubt the best method for securing good ensilage, no matter what material we are using, bo it clover, long fodder- corn, or fodder cut fine. When the pit has been filled three or four feet deep no more should be placed within it until this layer has heated to the neighborhood of 125 deg. Fahrenheit. Mr. John Gould of Ohio, who has been a deep student of this subject from the practical side, I believe holds that the ensilage should be allowed to pile up as it falls from the carrier, and after the pile has heated to the right temperature it should be distributed evenly over the silo, throwing that which is hottest to the corners and along the walls. It is certain that eusUage usually heata up easily and rapidly except in the corners and along the walls, where we find the temperature does not rise so rapidly nor to the same degree as it does in the body of the silo, and anything that will help us overcome this lack will Improve its quality, and I deem Mr. Gould's suggestion a valuable one. No packing down is needed except in the corners and along the walls; at these points we endeavor to firm tlie ensilage just as much as possible. I wish we could avoid this operation, and in the future we may do so. I believe the ensilage would bo better without any tramping and packing if we could only get it to settle uniformly with- out. We should endeavor to secure an elevation in temperature of from 120 to ItO deg. uniformly throughout the mass of material. If the con- tents of the silo heat up to difTerent degrees in different places wo can- not expect them to be uniform in quality, though all will be oaten by the stock. The theory advanced by Mr. Fry of England that a tempera- ture of 122 deg. Fahrenheit destroyed the ferment tliat produced the temperature seems hardly correct, for we find that the tempera- ture goes on beyond this very rapidly— indeed, it is often very diffi- cult to hold it below MO or 150 deg., while in other cases I liave known silos in which I could detect no faulty liandling of the crop that would not heat to 120 deg. A case in point occurred last season; while we were busy filling our silos at the experimental farm I was called to the telephone by a young farmer living some thirty miles away who asked several questions aliont^ temperatures. I answered liim to the bostof my a))ilityand tlio nuittor dropped from my mind. A couple of hours afterward, however, the party himself appeared on the scene in a troubled state of mind; ho said ho feared that ho could not make his case i)lain through the telephone, and so had come on the first train to consult personally. His enHJlago would not, heat up to 120 dog., but was moulding badly instead. I advised that ho go on filling the silo, ignor- ing the t(!mi>eraturo (jucstion entirely. He did so, and in the winter re- I)orttjd satisfactory results. In my opinion wo have much to learn in regardtolhisferment, and that very close, patient study will bo required to bring out thusciciitific side in a Hatisfactury manner. Fortunately wndoiiot havnto be very part icnlar in our practice to obtain a very good (lualily of ensilage. 1 would ailvisi-, thrrcrorc, that a person allow the temperature to run from 120 to 110 when the thormomotor iu AND GEEAT PHYSICIANS. 83 buried a foot deep in the fodder; but when these conditions are not obtained, no matter whether the degree be lower or higher, to go right on without feeling anxious in the matter. If the contents of the silo do not heat at all, or if the temperature gets up to 160 deg., the cattle will still eat the ensilage without complaint and relish it better than average dry fodder. I speak pretty positively upon this point because novices find it difficult to get over it and become quite excited and nervous if they cannot attain the exact directions given by most writers on this subject. The best rule is to go ahead, do the best one can, and the cattle will be very well satisfied with the result. Kemember that the experience of a single individual or a single season may be no criterion for other cases. The reasons for these great variations are not yet apparent. "Silo filling may go on for two or three weeks, or until the pits are filled, when they should be covered after standing a day or two to allow the last layer to heat. For covering material there may be placed over the ensilage building paper upon which may be placed sand, earth, chaff, cut straw, marsh hay, long straw, sawdust, or almost any material which will help keep out the air. If one wishes the pits may be left un- covered, in which case something like a foot of the ensilage will decay and form a covering and protection for that beneath. The practice of weighting the silo is now largely abandoned, though I am not certain but what some heavy material along the edges and in the corners will aid in saving the ensilage at those points, since it is here that the con- tents do not settle so well as does the body of the material. For a few weeks after filling the sides and corners should be tramped down occa- sionally to aid them in settling." PLANTING, CUTTING, FEEDING, ETO. The following extracts from "Bulletin No. 2," Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, by Thomas F. Hunt, answers some important questions in regard to planting, etc.: "The filling of the silo was practically continuous, and was done in three days, Aug. 20 to 22, 1887, with .54,.52.5 lbs.— twenty-seven and a quar- ter tons— of green corn. About twenty tons of this consisted of a medium sized, fairly early yellow dent corn (Murdock), which had been planted May 4 to 6, in rows 3 feet 9 inches apart, with two to three kernels dropped every 9 to 12 inches in each row. At the time of cutting the stalks had well-formed but small ears, the kernels of which had largely passed the milk state; that is, the kernels were mostly glazed. The lower leaves were yellowish, and some had begun to dry. The growth, though not large, was thought satisfactory, considering the long-con- tinued and severe drouth that liad prevailed here. The yield was not more than seven tons of fresli fodder per acre. Seven tons consisted of a large, late maturing .yellow dent corn (Leaming). whicli had been I)lanted May 28, 1887. The kernels were in the milk and the leaves were entirely green. No marked difference was noted between the ensilage from this and that from the other corn, * * * 84 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, "Feeding the ensilage was besun March 10, 1888, by mixinprit with twice its Ijulk of dry, cut corn-fodder, not corn-stover, which our stock had been chiefly fed during the winter. The cattle noon learned to like the ensilage, andafter the first week it was fed without mixing with any other substance and was eaten rather better, on the whole, than corn- fodder had been previously. "Dairy weights of ensilage fed to the stock were not taken. From what weighing was done it is estimated that from March 17 to April 30 700 lbs. on an average were fed daily. During this time the following cattle were given ensilage: March 17 to April 30 two aged and five yearling bulls, one heifer, and one dry cow were fed ensilage, hay, and grain; eight milch cows, ensilage, straw, and grain; ten dry cows and five heifers, ensilage and straw. March 17 to April Ki, tlircc steers were fed ensilage and corn. April 13 to 30, four heifers and two dry cows were fed ensilage and hay. It will thus be seen that for 45 days 37 liead were, on an average fed 700 lbs., about 19 each, daily. Of these 15 had ensilage and straw only; 8 had ensilage and straw with grain, usually four quarts of bran added daily; and II ensilage, hay, and grain. All thrived exceedingly well considering the amount of food eaten." For information as to the results of future experiments with ensilage we refer the re;uler to f lie various State Agricultural Experiment Sta- tions and the authorities here quoted. PART ll.-STAGE ILLUSIONS. The TKrce-lleaiei \Voi|iai|. In the booths of the market fairs at Paris and its suburbs (for ex- ample, at the "Gingerbread" Fair, at the F6te of St. Cloud, etc.), and in the tricks of jugglers, etc., who operate in the street, cafe concerts, or circuses, we find phenomena that have a true scientific interest, in- genious applications of different sciences, or simply tricks that puzzle the spectator. Since, iu general, people like to know tbe secret of what (85) 86 SECRETS OT WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, has surprised them, it may not prove aninterestinK to devote a few articles to what may be called "side-show science." We will first speak of tlie iirocess emjiloyed to produce (ho "thrco-lieaded woman." The exterior of the little booth in whicii tliis phenomenon is exhib- ited is covered by a large i>aiuted canvas representing a three-headed woman in evening costume in a richly decorated drawing-room along with a few persons. For better convincing the curious a photograph taken from nature exhibit.s the phenomenal woman as she appears in the show; and every now and then the showman stops his drum to cry, "She is living, ladies and gentlemen, she is living!" If we allow our- selves to be persuaded to enter the booth we shall find oui-selves sepa- rated from the stage by a balustrade— a sort of screen, behind which is the curtain. In a few moments the latter separates and there is dis- tinctly seen a woman's body, the lower part of whicii is hidden by a basket of flowers. This body has three heads; one in the middle and two others grafted at the base of the neck of the first. These three heads move their eyes, answer together a few questions put by the showman, stick out their tongues, sing a few snatches of a popular song, and finally salute the audience, when the curtain closes and the sliow is over. On almost every occasion some ingenious person is heard to express pity for this unfortunate person, who has no legs and three heads. This is the best praise that couhl be bestowed on the trick— for naturally it is only a trick. Moreover the showman is ready, for money, to explain how it is done. If we allow ourselves to be tempted, and enter the side- scene, we perceive on the little stage where the phenomenal woman just appeared nothing l)ut a large plate of glass, slightly inclined toward the audience, and its edges hidden by drapery. Hchind the mirror there is a recess whose sides are covered with a ilead-black faljric. In front of the mirror, on the stage, sits the basket of tiowers from which issued the woman's body. Then on an inclined board a little above the ground lie three young girls. One of these, the middle one, is clothed in a brilliant costume of silk of a light color, and it is she who, in the exhi- bition, makes the trunk, anns, iind the middle head. Her legs are covered over with a black fabric, and she is sui)porteil l)y a cushion so as to permit the two other girls to i>laco their necks closely agiunst hers. Tlie bodies of these two girls at the sides are completely covered with a fabric of a dead-black color. In front of these three young women are placed a dozen strong kerosene lam|iH provided with reflectors. The heads, hair, and arms of the "body" are covered with i)owdor, so as to present completely white surfaces. Such is the secret as revealed from the side-Kcene, and it will now be understood how the phenomenon is produced. All the wliitti or liglit-colored surfaces being strongly lighted by the lamps that reflect tliH light, their iiimge is sent by the glass toward the spectators, who perceive then the body of the female, her two arms, anil her three heads. All the portions c. when I was surprised to hear myself called: 'Monsieur! Monsieur!' * * * I discovered that the voice came from a tin trumpet, which was held in the mouth of a negro's head made of wood, and suspended by a small brass chain from semicircles of iron supported by a wooden frame" (Fig. 1). The effect produced on the spectators by this speaking head was one of universal astonishment, and no one was capable of solving 88 SECEETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, the mystery. The arrangement for producing the illusion is very simple, however, and is thus explained by the writer above referred to: A person hidden behind the scenes speaics into a tube two or three centimeters in diameter wliich runs from that point to the wooden frame, and in the interior of the horizontal and upright pieces of which ^^^S^S5^^55555^55555555S55S?S5Sf;^;^^ FIG. 2.— THE SPEAKING GLASS CASE. it passes till it reaches the suspended head at A, as shown by the dotted lines, E, D, C, B, A. The voice thus transmitted is reflected from tlie sides of the trumpet, H, to the person holding a conversation witli the bead. FIG. 3.— THE INVISIBLE GIRL EXPERIMENT. This experiment, which is analogous to the one that precedes, was explained by Nicholson, in 1832. in his Journal dr Phyxique. Although at first off(*rf(l aH a physical oxperiiin-nt, under the title of an "experi- ■ tieiit in acoustics," it has nince changecl uaiut* and nioater, and is now dignified by the imposing nam of "invisible girl." AND GREAT PHYSICIANS. 89 Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of the original apparatus, which con- sisted of a glass case, X, about four feet long by about one in height, suspended from the ceiling by four chains at a distance of a foot from the window frame. From the extremity of the case projected a speak- ing trumpet, and the entire apparatus was surrounded by a latticework of iron wire to prevent its being touched by the hands of the curious. The phenomenon, although a puzzling novelty at the time, did not attract much of a crowd, as it was not managed with suificient address, and the surroundings were not of a nature to please fashionable people. This apparatus was improved upon and rendered more elegant in ap- pearance by Prof. Robertson. Fig. 3, copied from an old engraving, shows this latter arrangement. A globe, A, made of glass or enameled sheet iron, and to which are attached four trumpets, is suspended from the middle of the room. This globe is not necessary for the experiment, but is only an accessory to impose upon the imagination. Around it is placed a framework, B, which is very necessary, tor it is hollow, and it is through it that the voice of the invisible person is heard. A tin tube passes through the upright C and then runs to D, where there is a small slit or aperture opposite the trumpet. This tin tube passes under the floor of the room, and runs into the neighboring room, whence the pre- tended invisible person speaks, and sees everything through the keyhole or through an aperture in the wall. This is all there is of the mystery. Ai> li|iproVe^ Psycho. Let me explain to those who have not seen "Psycho" that it consists of a small figure dressed as a Turk, sitting cross-legged (as shown by dotted lines) on a chest; this chest is in turn supported on a glass tube, about 12 in. in diameter and 3 ft. long, which rests on a four-legged stool. The bottom of chest and top of stool are covered with green cloth, so as to make a tolerably air-tight joint. The right arm is ex- tended as per drawing, and a semicircular rack, in which are placed the 13 cards dealt to "Psycho." is fixed by means of a bracket (not shown) in such a position that the edges come between the finger and thumb, as shown at * . The arm turning horizontally on the pivot A, the hand can be brought over any card, and by closing the finger and thumb and rais- ing the arm the card will be withdrawn from the rack and held in the air. In Figs. 1 a and lb (elevation and plan) the wheels E and M have each a train of clockwork (left out for the sake of clearness), which would cause them to spin round if unchecked. M, however, has two pins, p p\ which catch on a projection on the lever, N. E is a crown- wheel escapement— like that in a bottle roasting-jack— which turns A alternately to the left and right, thus causing the hand to traverse the 13 cards. A little higher on A will be seen a quadrant B (see plan) near the edge of which are set 13 little pins. The end of the lever N drops 90 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, between any two of them, thus causing the hand to st«p at any desired card. The lever being pivoted at c it is obvious that hy pressing the end, N, B will be set at liberty, and the hand will move along the cards; by slightly raising it this motion will be arrested; by raising it still more the pin p is released and M commences to revolve, and by again depressing N this wheel will in its turn be stopped. Near the bottom of the apparatus is a Oellows O, which contains a spring tending to keep the lever N, with which it is connected by a rod X, in the position shown. Ft G.I. a. . \ W w \ Tliis is connected with the tuljular support, which may be connected by a tulje through the leg of the stool, and another tube beneath the stage, witli an assistant Ix-liind the scenes. By compressing or exhausting air tlinmgli this tube it is obvious that the lever. N. will be raised or de- prpssed, and the clockwork set going accordingly. « is a crankpin set in M. and connected with the head by catgut, T, and with the thumb by 8. At 11 and ir an- two pnl leys connected by gut. Tims if the liand moves round the head a)ii»eur!5 to follow its motions, and when raised by AND GREAT PHYSICIANS. 91 pulling y the head rises also by means of T. Further explanation seems almost unnecessary; 7 is a stop to prevent the elbow moving too far, and /) /) spiral springs to keep thumb open and head forward respectively. When N is raised M pulls T and S, the latter closing thumb, and then raising arm by pulley H. If the lever is allowed to drop p' will catch and keep arm up. On again raising N the arm will descend. FIG. 2. a. ,£^rcfsm rack. Figs. 2a and 26 show another and simpler arrangement, in which only one train of clockwork is used. On the same axle as H is fixed a lever and weight, W, to balance the arm. A vertical rod, X, having a projection, Z, slides up and down in guides, Y Y, and carries the catgut S and T. The quadrant, B , has cogs cut, between whicli Z slides and stops the motion of A, which is moved, as before, by clockwork. The FIG.I.b. lower part of X is connected direct with O. When X is slightly raised, as shown, A is free to move, but on exhausting air and drawing X down Z enters the cogs and stops the hand over a card; continuing to exhaust the thumb closes and the card is lifted up. The details of the clock- work I leave to the ingenuity of your readers. There should be a fan on each train to regulate the speed. The figure should be so placed that 92 SEORKTS OP WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, your assistant can see tbe cards in the semicircular rack.— English Mechanic. Magic Cabii|eisj PoXes^ E^c- Magic cabinets are much employed by magicians. The following is an example of one of the scenes that may occur with them: When the curtain rises there is seen in the center of the stage a large dark colored cabinet, ornamented with mouldings, and mounted upon legs that are a little longer than those of ordinary cabinets, the object being to remove all possibility of a commnnication with the stage be- .aiiiaM[iiiMpMiii!^i:;:j|i.'~ no. 1. neath. Tliese legs are provided with casters. The showman turns this cabinet around and sliows that there is nothing abnormal alwut it ex- ternally. He then asks some of the spectators to come up close to it, and lets them examine its interior, w]iicli is entirely empty. Tliere is no double bottom, nor any hiding place. When the witnessim have made tliemselvus certain of tliis fact they station themselves around the stage, and a certain number of them even consent to remain behind the cabinet and see nothing of the experiment. The cabinet l)eing tlius surrounded on nil sides, and even one ijeing able to look under it, frauii would H(>f)m to bean impoHsibility. A young woman dressed as a danseuse then comes ont-o the stage and enters the cabinet (Fig. 1), and the doors are closed upon her. In a few inomouttt the doors are (jpenod again, when, lo and behold! the closet ie AND GKEAT PHYSICIANS. 93 empty, i\n^ j <»uDf< woman having disappeared. Then the doors are closed again, and then opened, and the danseuse makes her appearance; and so on. At the end of the experiment the witnesses examins the cabinet again, and, finding nothing changed therein, are justly stupefied. In another style of cabinet there is no bar in the center, as shown in Fig. 1, but there is observed on one of the sides in the interior a liracket a few centimeters in length, and bacK and above this a shelf. This arrangement permits of performing a few experiments more than does tlie one just descrilied. Thus, when the woman has disappeared the showman allows a young man to enter, and he also disappears, while the young woman is found in his place. This is a very surprising sub- stitution. The box into which the harlequin takes refuge, and which appears to be empty when Pierrot or Cassandra lifts the curtain that shields its entrance, is also a sort of magic cabinet. In a series of lectures delivered a few years ago at the London Poly- technic Institution, a professor of physics unmasked the secret of some of the tricks employed on the stage for producing illusions, and notably TO" T77 G\ /G' FIG. 2.— PLAN EXPIiANATOEY OF THE CABINET, that of the magic cabinet. The lecturer, after showing the cabinet and causing the disappearance therein of an individual while the doors were closed, repeated the same experiment with the latter open. But in the latter case so quick was the disappearance that the spectators could not even then see how it was done. The illusion produced by these apparatus is the result of a play of mirrors. In the first cabinet described (Fig. 1), when the exhibitor has closed the doors upon the young woman, the latter pulls toward her two mirrors that are represented in Fig. 2 by the lines G G. These mirrors are hinged at O O, and when swung outward rest by their external edges against tlie bar P, and then occupy the position shown by the dotted lines Cr G\ When the cabinet is again opened the woman, placed at A, is hidden by the two mirrors; but the appearance of the interior of the cabinet is not changed, since the spectators see the imag?e of each side reflected from the corresponding mirror, and this looks to them like the back of the cabinet. 91 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, The illusion is perfect. When the experiment is ended and the mirrors are again ewuug against the sides, at G (i, the spectators see nothing but tlie backs of them, which are covered with wood; the cab- inet is really empty, and no one can discover what modification has taken place in its interior tluring the disappearance of the woman. In the second arrangement, which is shown in vertical section in Fig. 3, the young man gets up onto the shelf f n, at the upper part of the cabinet, by the aid of the bracket T, and then pulls down over liim the mirror b c, which was fastened to the top of the cabinet. This mirror being inclined at an angle of 4r> deg. reflects the top, and the spectators imagine that they see the back of the cabinet over the shelf just as they did before. The box which the harlequin enters is based upon precisely the same principle. Its interior is hung with paper handed alternately blue and white. When the hai'lequin enters it he places himself in one of the FIO. 3.— SECTION KXPLAN.\TOBY OF THE CABINET. angles and pulls toward him two mirrors which hide him completely, and which reflect the opjxisite side of the box, so that the spectator is led tf) believe that he sees the back of it. In this case onr- of the angles at the back of tiie box is not apparent, but tlie coloretl stripes prevent the spectator from noticing the fact. Tlip Maeir Portfolio. This is an apparatus which an itinerant physicist might have been seen a few years ago exhibiting in the squares and at street corners. His method w;m to havo a Hr>eclalor draw a card, wiiicii he tlion placed between tiie four sliects of [laper which, foldfil crosswise, formi'd tlie flaps oHiis pf>rt folio. When he opened the latter again a few instants afterward the cird had disappeared, or rather had Iwromc (ransfoniicd. I'rofiting llien by Ihf surprise uf his spectators the showman began to offiT IhiMii his magic portfolio at thf pricr of live sons for I hi" small sizt* and li-ii fur tint large-. The portfolio waa made of two square pieces of cardboard connected AND GREAT PHYSICIANS. 95 by four strings, these latter being fixed in snch a way that when the two pieces of cardboard were open and juxtaposed the external edge of each of them was connected with the inner edge of the other. This constituted, after a manner, a double hinge that permitted of the portfolio being opened from both sides. To one pair of strings there were glued, back to back, two sheets of paper, which, when folded over, formed the flaps of the portfolio. It was only necessary, then, to open the latter in one direction or the other to render it impos- sible to open more than one of the two sets of flaps. This device is one that permits of a large number of tricks being performed, since every object put under one of the sets of flaps will ap- parently disappear or be converted into something else, at the will of the prestidigitator (Fig. 4). Magic Envelopes. This trick is a simplification of the foregoing. The affair consists of FIG. 4.— MAGIC PORTFOLIO, ENVELOPES, AND BOXES. several sheets of paper of different colors folded over, one upon the other. A card inclosed within the middle envelope, over which have been folded all the others, is found to have disappeared when the flaps are opened again. The secret of the trick is very simple. One of the inner sheets of paper— the second one, usually— is double, and, when folded, forms two envelopes tliat are back to back. It is only necessary then to open one or the other of these latter to cause tlie appearaiice or disappearance or transformation of such objects as have been inclosed within it. (Fig. 4.) 96 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, Masic Boxes. Magic boxes are of several styles, according to the size of the objects that one desires to make disappear. There is no one who has not seen a magician pnt one or more pigeons into the drawer of one of these boxes, and after closing it open it to find that the birds liave disappeared. Such boxes cqntain, as shown in Fig. 4, two drawers, which, when pulled out, seem to be but one; and it is only necessary, then, to pull out the inner one or leave it closed in order to render the inclosed birds visible or invisible. In order to cause the disappearance of smaller objects trick perform- ers often employ a jewel box, and, after putting the object (a ring, for example) into this, they hand it to some person and ask him to hold it, requesting hirh at the same time to wrap it uj) in several sheets of paper. But this simple motion has permitted the performer to cause the ring to drop into his hand through a small trap opening beneath the box. Yet, while he is doing this, the spectators think that they hear the noise made by the ring striking against the sides of the box. But that is only a delusion; for the noise that is heard proceeds from a small hammer which is hidden within the cover under the escutcheon, and wliich is rendered immovable when the latter is pressed upon by the performer. The box can thus be shaken without any noise being heard within it, and the spectators are led to believe that the t)bject has disappeared. Double-bottomed boxes are so well known that it is useless to de- scribe them. Sometimes the double bottom is hidden in the cover, and at others it rests against one of the sides. Such boxes permit of the disappearance or substitution of objects that are not very thick, such as a note, an image, or a card.— Lu Nature. The Swinging Half Lady. An arrangement is made similar to a hammock, which is attached to the back of the cabinet, and is then affixed to a false wooden bnst made to fit the bust of the lady. It should be thickly padded where the part of her Ixxiy rests upon it. and should be tiglitly sirapr>ed to the lady across the shoulders and hack. The bust is covered with silk, satin, or any fine dress material, and trimmed t<> represent a lady's low- necked dress btxiice with short shoulder sleeves. The remaining por- tion of the lady is encased in a dark-colored skirt (black velvet is the }>est), and her feet are firmly strapped to a wood rest at the back of the cabinet, as shown in Fig. 2. The bust is suppnrlcd upon a swing, in the front of the cabinet. Four brass cliains support a slal) of wood alK)nt 'in inches long by about 8 or ten inches in width. Midway iii» the chains at each side is a cross piece of wood fixed to the chains by which, when the lady gnisps them with her hands, she can (•UHJly lift the bust from the wood slab, aliuwing a sword to be passed beneath the Ixjtloni of the bust and the top of the wood slab. When the AND GREAT PHYSICIANS. 97 lady is supported upon the swing she cannot swing forivard, but can only swing with a slight sirfejcoy motion, because if she attempted to swing forward the slab of wood would then no longer support the bust, and the performer would be in danger of breaking her back, as she would have no other support to sustain her, except the back of the cabi- net to which her feet are strapped. The slab of wood forming the swing is made in some cases with two half-round holes, to allow the lady to place her hands through, to show that she can pass her hands beneath her. FIG. 1. The interior of the cabinet should be of one uniform color, if possi- ble of a dark blue or dark maroon. It should be about six feet in depth by about five to seven feet across the front, according to fancy. The front should have either dark blue, maroon, or green baize curtains, so made as to draw right across. On each side of the cabinet are affixed two lamps, as in Fig. 1, with large plated reflectors about 10 or 12 inches in diameter. These should be so fixed that the curtains can be drawn at 7 98 SEOBETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, the back of them; and thus, when lighted, reflect a strong and powerful light outward, throwing the interior of the cabinet into deep and gloomy shadow. It must be evident, therefore, to the reader that the four lamps and reflectors play a very important part in making this illusion perfect, because in consequence of a strong, bright, and dazzling light being re- flected into the eyes of the spectators it is impossible for them to dis- tinguish anything inside the cabinet, beyond the bust and head of the lady. The position for the lady performing is one of pain. In the firet no. 2. place she has to be tightly strapped to the bnst, which cnnsos diflRcnlty in breathing and talking; and, again, the head must be held well back to make it appear from the front as if the false bust and neck were com- pletely one and upright. Many ladies performing this illusion cannot help showing m their look the pain and suffering they are experiencing even when before their aiiilit'UceH, therel>y spoiling the effect the illusion would have had if tlioir fouturoB had been compusud and the face wreathed witli smiles. AND GREAT PHTSICUNS. 99 The Aerial Slispei|sioi|. This trick has been before the public for many years, but when per- formed still causes considerable sensation. The apparatus required is, first, a kind of iron corset, for which the performer doing this trick must be properly measured and accm-ately fitted with it, according to his or her size and build. This corset is strapped upon the body, and attached to it is a rod passing down the right side from beneath the arm, almost to the right knee. Below the arm is a projecting piece so made as to fit into a socket, and almost in the shape of a crutch; and the rod passing down the side of the performer is so constructed that when a person has this apparatus strapped securely upon him or her, and the projecting piece under the arm is fitted into the socket of the pole, the body can be raised, and the toes in rising will describe an arc of about 90 deg., assuming the position shown in the figure. To effect this two poles are required of the same length, one made of wood and the other 100 SECKKTS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, of iron; the latter being fitted into a socket in the stand, and having also a socket in the top, in which is fixed the projecting piece under the arm, and this rod therefore supports the whole weight of the body dar- ing the performance. The two poles are both painted the same color, and to the audience both appear to be the same. The performer will have to provide a specially made costume to suit the working of the apparatus. The young lady (we will imagine that i* is a lady who performs this suspension feat) is brought forward by the professor, and the two rods are shown, and a stool is placed on the stand on which the lady steps. The iron rod ia now placed in position and fixed under the right arm, and the wood rod is placed imder the left; the professor, now making a few passes with his hands, apparently sends the lady performer into a mesmeric sleep, and gently draws the rod from under the left arm and lays it down. Making a few more passes he gradually raises the body of the lady into a horizontal position, and she will appear to be suspended almost in the air. With a little practice the body can be placed into any position. When the lady has been sus- pended long enough, make a few imoro passes and gently lower the body until in an upright position, and again place the wood rod under the left arm and place the stool beneath her feet, and taking a handkerchief wipe the lady's face, and she will appear to awaken and will step down from her exalted position. An improvement has lately been introduced in the apparatus; the iron column is hollow, and through the center another rod is worked from beneath the stage, and in the socket of the iron rod at the top are placed a number of teeth which catch corresponding teeth in the pro- jecting piece under the arm, and this being worked from below the stage will cause the body of the lady to slowly rise intf) a horizontal position without being so placed by the professor. This is certainly a very great improvement in the mode of working, as while the professor simply makes a few passes with his hands the body gradually rises, apparently to the audience without any visible means whatever. The gKos^ lUUsioi|. This illusion, which created so much sonsation in London and first known here as "Pepper's fihost," I will endeavor to oxi)hiin, anil make the working of it as clear as I possibly can to the reader. It is caused by the figure of a man or woman l)eing reflected upon a sheet of glass, and the audience looking through this glass, apparently see the figure upon tlie stage, but in reality it is not so, l)eing only upon the glass. In the first place a sheet of plate glass porfoclly clear and without a blem- ish iiinHt he procureii, and of such a size that it will show the image or reflect if)n of the performer who impersonates the ghost. This glass iB fixed at the front of the stage and inclined slightly toward the audience. In front and below the stage a chamber is made, completely concealed AND GKEAT PHYSICIANS. 101 from the eyes of the andience, but having an opening at the upper part, through which the reflection of the perf5on below is thrown upward upon the sheet of glass. The reader can understand the position better by referring to the accompanying cut. The body of the person to be re- flected is against an inclined plane, which is covered with black cloth. This inclined plane is fixed upon castors, and the person leaning against it, moving this slightly with his feet, either to the right or left, will cause it to appear as if the ghost was either walking forward or back- ward. Below the stage a person is placed with a powerful lantern, and the light from it is thrown upo» the figure representing the ghost, thus causing it to be reflected strongly and brightly against the glass fixed above. The stage must be darKened and dimly lighted, otherwise the ghost will hardly be visible. In making various motions of the body the ghost actor most reverse his movements; for example, if he raises his left arm the figure reflected above will appear to raise its right arm. The glass, as i stated before, must be without a blemish, and fixed at an angle of 20 deg., inclining forward toward the audience, and the nearer the audience are seated to it the larger the glass must be. The size of the glass depends upon the height of the figure to be reflected and the size of the stage and the theater or hall in which it is exhibited. This again will be understood by referring to the figure, in which A rep- resents the eyes of that part of the audience seated in the lower portion or body of the hall, while B represents the ej'es of those who are seated in the boxes or gallery, thus showing the angle by which the height of the glass is determined, as the angles of incidence are always equal to the angles of reflection; and the same angles of incidence are likewise equal to the corresponding angles of the reflected figure. This illusion was invented in 1863 by Prof. Pepper, by whom it was patented, and for a long period it was exhibited at the Polytechnic in 102 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, London, in various forms and Riiisos, and drow tlioiisands from all parts to see this wonderful exhibition. Allhougli it cannot now be classed as a "novelty," yet it still creates a great sensation whenever and wherever it is exhibited. [If the reader de-iires io pursue this subject further he is referred to "The Art of Modern Conjuring," by Prof. Henri Garenne, to whom we are indebted for much that we present here. Ward, Lock & Co., pub- lishers, New York and London.] PART lll.-MEDICAL Presc ri p^ioi|s of Ei|ti]|ei|^ PKi)siciai|s. ARRANGED AND REVISED BY FRANK V. LUSE, M. D., Chicago, III. Agnew. Atthill. Hazard. Hebra. Bartholoiv. Liebreieh. Basham. Luse. Beasley. Bibron. Brande. Browne. Mackenzie. Milton. Mitchell, R. W. Brouin-Seqiiard. Pancoast. Chapman. Porcher. Da Costa. Dewees. Ricord. Ringer. Ellis. Schafhirt. Smith. Fenner. Squibbs. Gerhard. Tanner. Getchell. Thornton. Gross. Trousseau. Guy. Hartshorne. Waring. (103) 104 SECEETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, Albiiniinuria (Briubt's Disease). IJ Tincturee Ferri Cliloridi £ Jiij. Acidi Acetici diluti f zij. Syrupi eimplicis f lies. Liquoris Ammonii Acetatis q. b. ad f 5iv. — M. Sig. Take a dessertspoonful every six hoars. Basham. Alcoholism (Chronic). 9 Tinctnrae f'apsici Tinctura? Zingiberis 35 £ ;j. Tincturte Valeriana ammo Tincturee Gentianee comp aii £ 5ij.— M, Sig. Take a dessertspoonful in a teacupful of hop tea three or four times a day. Gerluird. Amenorrhaea (Absence of Menstrual Flow). B Myrrhee gr. viij. Pulveris Jalapae gr. xv. Fern Sulphatis exsiccatse Pulveris Aloes et Canellse ilil 3j. Bprupi simplicis q. 8. Fiat massa et divide in pilulas 1. Sig. Take two or three pills at bedtime, for several nights succes- sively. N. Cliapman. Asthma. 3 Potassii lodidi "iij. Extracti Belladonnnp fluidi f Ij. Extracti L()l)elia' fluidi f !ij. Extracti Grindelift> fluidi f iss. Glycerlnae AqucB destilatse nil f jiss.— M . Sig. Take a tablespoonf ul every two, three, or four hours, as neces- sary. Burtholow. IJ Foliornm Belladonnae Foliornm Hjoscyami aa gr. ii j. Extracti Opii aquosi gr. one-fifth. Aquae Lauroceriisi q. s. Moisten the leaves with a sohition of the opium extract in the cherry- laurel water. L<'t tlioni dry tliorouglily and mil into a cigarette. Two to four of these cigarettes may be siuokeii every day. Troiisxiuxi. BilionNness. IJ Resinfp Podophilli gr. i Jicrtimn .JalaiiM' JOxtracti ColocjTithidis compositi (iamb(>gin> ilit gr. iisB. Olei .Juniperi q. 8. Misce ot fiant pilidfr* No. ii. Hig. One dose, at Ijedtime. Quy. Itums am) Scalds. IJ Plnmbi rarbonatis 51v. Olel Lini q. 8, Tere Himnl ot fiat pinguontum. Sig. Ap|>iy liberally on llnon or lint. Oross. AND GREAT PHYSICIANS. 105 5 Acidi Salicylici 3j Olei Olivfp f 5viij.— M. Sig. Apply to burn, covering with linen or lint. Bartholoto. Biliary Calculi (Stone in the Bile Duct). B Chloroformi piiriiicati iij. Olei Cinnamomi gtt. viij. Spiritus Camphorie Tincturee Opii deodoratae 5S f ZisB. Spiritus Vini f 3iij. — M. Sig. Dose, from five to thirty drops, in sweetened water, every hour or two. Hartshorne. Renal or Vesical Calculi (Stone in Kidney or Bladder). 3 Liquoris Potassee f jss. Tincturse Huniuli f jiss. Infusi Calumbee f 5iv. Syrupi Aurantii Corticis f 5ij. Fiat mistura. Sig. Take a tablespoon! ol three times daily. H. Green Cancer. IJ Arsenici lodidi gr. j. Extract! Conii 3ij. Fiat massa, et divide in pilnlas xvi. Sig. Take one pill morning and night. Marsden. Carbuncle. B Quininse Hydrochloratis gr. xxiv. Patassii Chloratie lij. Acidi Hydrochlorici ill xl ( !) Tincturse Ferri Chloridi f Zij. TincturaB Cardamomi f y ss. AqnsB destillat« q. 8. ad f 5vj.— M. Sig. Take a tablespoonf ul every three hours, diluted. Gerhard. Nasal Catarrh. B Sodee carbonatis Sodae biboratis ail Z ij. Liq. sodsB chlorinatse I Bs.-Zij. Glycerini 1 j. Aquae ad 5 vj. — M. Sig. Apply cold by means of a hand-spray apparatus. Pugin Thornton. B Borax 3 ii j. Salicylic acid 3 i j. Glycerine 5 ijss. Water, to make 5 iij. Sig. From one to two drachms in one-half pint of water, applied by means of a douche. Is especially useful in catarrh with ulceration, usually due to syphilis. For simple catarrh use the following: B Chloride of ammonium Borax 33 gr. x. Aquae Oss.— M. Sig. Use with a douche, spray-producer, or by means of insufflation. Lennox Browne. 106 SEOEETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, Cholera. IJ Tinct. Opii Tinct. Capsici Spts. Caniphorte 53 5j. Chloroformi t 3iij. Alcoholia q. 8. ad. |v.— M. Sig. Dose five ilrops to one teaspoonful. Squibbs. In time of epidemic cholera, or diarrhoea, when any person has two movements of the bowels more than natural within the twenty-four hours, the second one should be f oUowed by a dose of this mixture to be repeated after every movement that follows. If the movements in- crease in frequency or in copiousness after the second dose of the med- icine has been taken a physician should be sent for at once, and a douljle dose be taken after each movement until he arrives. Immedi- ately after taking the first dose the person should go to bed and remain there for twelve hours after the diarrhoea has entirely ceased. 9 Acidi Sulphurici 368. Morphinup Sulphatis gr._ i. Spiritns Vini Gallici f 3i8S. Aquae destillatw f 5iij.— M. Sig. Inject under the skin of the arms, legs, and over the stomach every hour until the symptoms are relieved. {Whvn ricc-ivutcr dis- charges, vomiting, C7-amps, o»ui sJu-inkage of the e.cin')uiti)'S superveiie.) R. ^V. Mitchell, Memphis, Tenn. 9 Creasoti gtt. j. Aquae Camjihorae Infusi Gentianw compositi iUl f Ivj.— M. Sig. One dose every two hours. (In the cold stage.) J. T. Jones, Nashville, Tenn. Cholera Infantum. 9 Plumbi Acetatis gr. viij. Acidi Acetici diluti gtt. vj. TincturH> Opii deodoratae gtt. iv. Syrupi simplicis Aquas Mentha- piporittp Hil f ?8S.— M. Sig. Dose a teaspoonful every two or three hours. (For a child two yen rs old.) l>a Costa. if. Cannabis Indicae gr. j. I'ulveris Opii gr. ss. ('amphora' gr. ij. Misce et fiat pilula. big. Take at bedtime. Lombe Atthill. Constipation. IJ Extracti Ht ill ingia« fiuidi f 3v. Tinctura- Uclhidoiiua' Tinct nra- Nucis Voniica< Tinctura- I'liysostigmatis M f 3j.— M. Hig. Dose, twenty drops in water, three times a day before meals. (//I hidiiluul const ijntliim.) Bartholow. U t'ascara Cordial ;u. Big. Teaspoonful throe times a day before meals. Luse. AND GREAT PHYSICIANS. 107 (ieiieral Debility. B Piilveris Aloes Socotrinap 5j. Pnlveris Zedoariap Pulveris (TentiauR> Croci Pulveris llLei ' Agarici. 3a 3 j. Spiritus Vini (jallici Oij. Macera per dies septem, cola, at adde — Syrupi simplicis f ?ij. — M. Sig. Dose, a tablespoonful tiiree times a day in water. (This is the celebrated Bauine de Vie, or Elixir of Life.) Delirium Tremens. ^ Quininse Hydrochloratis Bij. Acidi Hydrochlorici diluti f 3is9. Syrupi Zingiberis f 5iss. AquBB destiliatfle q. s. ad f fiv.— M. Sig. Dose, a dessertspoonful in hop tea every two hours. (In the pre- liminary stage known as horrors.) Gerhard. 9 Chloral Hydratis Zss. Aquae destillatee f lij. — M. Sig. One dose. (To enforce sleep.) Liebreich B Antimonii et Potassii Tartratis gr. j. Tincturae Aconiti Eadicis f Zss. Tincturae Opii f 3ij. Aquae destillatee .q. s. ad f 5iv-— M. Sig. Dose, a dessertspoonful in porter every two or three hours. (In strong and robust patients tvith boisterous delirium.) Ringer, Diarrhoea (Children.) IJ Bismuthi Subnitratis gr. x. Pulveris Calcii Phosphatis gr. xij. Sacehari Lactis Iss. Misce et fiant chartulae No. x. Sig. One powder after each evacuation. (In wasting diarrhoea of children.) Hazard. IJ Sodii Bicarbonatis Iss._ Tinctura? Catechu f Sij. SjTupi Rhei aromatici Tincturae Cinchonae compositse aa f 3ss. Tincturae Opii camphoratae .' f zj. — M. Sig. Dose, for a child two or three years old, a teaspoonful. every two or three hours. Getchell. DiarrUopa (Adults). ^ Cupri Sulphatis Morhinae Sulphatis 33 gr. j. Quininte Sulphatis gr. xxiv. Misce et fiant pilulae No. xii. Sig. Take one pill three times a day. (In chronic cases). Bartholoio 108 SEOBETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, IJ Palveris aromatici ._ 3iij. Spiritus Amnionii aromatici f 3iij. Tiucturte ("'atpchu f 2x. Tincturse Cardaiiiomi coniposita? f 3vj. Tinctursp Opii deodoratfe f 3j. Misturee Cretw q. 6. ad f 3XX.— M. Sig. Dose, eight drachms for an adult; four drachms for a child of twelve years; two drachms for seven years old, after each liquid motion. (.General cholera and diarrhoea mixture.) HetieryBeasley Dysentery. B Tinctarte Opii deodoratae f "ij. Vini Ipecacuanhee f 3ij. Olei Ricini f tij. Pulveris Acacise Sprupi simplicis Aquae Cinnamomi SS q. b. Fiat emulsio, secundum art em. ad f ;vj. Sig. Take a tablespoonful every two hours. Gerhard, IJ Tincturte Hamamelis f 38S. Elixiris simplicis f Ziiiss, Syrupi simplicis f rss. Aquae destillatae f jj.— AI. Sig. Dose, a teaspoonf ul every two or three hours. ( mere there is nmch blood.) Ringer. Dysmenorrhoea (DifHcult Menstruation.) 3 Camphoree 3j. Alccholis q. 6. ut fiat pulvis. Dein adde — Pulveris Acaciee Sacchari albi iiS 3j. Aquee Cinnamomi f rj. Fiat mistura. Sig. Dose, the one-half the instant pain is felt; if not relieved in an hour or two, give the remainder. Dewees. IJ Extract! Gelsemii fluidi f 3ii8S. Elixiris simplicis f 3vh8. Syrupi Aurantii ("orticis f Ij.— M. Big. Take a tea.spoonful every two hours. Porcher. IJ Tincturop Opii deodoratae f 3ij. Extracti ( 'iiuicif ugae f tss. 8yruj)i Hiiiiplicis f 3x. — M. Sig. Take a teaspoonful every tliree or four hours. (To restore the menst nidi flow after snddenli/ checked.) liimjer. Dyspepsia. IJ Pulveris Iladicis Rhei 3j. _ Piilvf>riH Aloes Oij. SodiilJicarbonatis 3ij. Valerianfp contusap Serpentarife contuiwe (ientianw contusa? OuaHHiM' contusap iW ♦,88. H|)iritu8 Frumenti Oij. Macera in va8o loviter clanso per heron liis quatuor viginta, et cola. Big. DoBO, a winoglauHfuI three times a day. Liebreich. AND GKEAT PHYSICIANS. 109 Epilepsy. 9 Ammonii Bromidi Potassii lodidi 35 3viij. Potassii Bromidi 3yj. Sodii Bicarbonatis , Zij. Tincturw Calurabse f lij. Aqu8B destillatse f 5vj.— M. Sig. Take a dessertspoonf al after each meal, and a tablespoonf ul at bedtime. BrownSeqiiard, Eyes flnflammation of). 9 Morph. Snlph gr. iij. Zinci Sulph gr. ij. Aqaae destillatse Ij. — M. Sig. Apply two drops directly to the eye. Lvse, Frost-bite. 5 lodi 3j.. Potassii lodidi gr. iv. Aquae destillatee ilvj. Adipis 3J.— M. Sig. Apply once daily. (With itnbroken skin.) Hebra. 9 Fellis Bovini recentis f Ziij. Balsami Peruviani f Ij.— M. Sig. Apply two or three times a day. ( With broken or unbroken skin.) Hugh Smith. Gonorrhoea and Gleet. R Liqnoris Potassse f 3j. Balsami Copaibse f sss. Tincturse Cnbebee f 3vj, Liqnoris Morphinae Sulphatis f 3J. AqusB Camphorse q. s. ad f 3vj. — M. Sig. Take a tablespoonf ul four times a day. D. Hayes Agneio. B Hydrastinee 3j. Mucilaginis Acacise f 5iv.— M. Sig. A half ounce as an injection. {In chronic gonorrhcea and gleet.) Bartholow. 5 Zinci Sulphatis Acidi tannici aa gr. xv. Aquae Rosap f *vj.— M. Sig. A half ounce as an injection two or three times daily. (In gleet.) Ricord. R Morphinae Acetatis gr. vj. Plumbi Acetatis Zinci Sulphatis 33 gr. viij. Creasoti gtt. viij. Aquae destillatae f rvj.— M. Sig. As an injection twice daily. H. H. Smith. 5 Zinci Sulphatis 5j. Aluminis 5iij. — M. Sig. Dissolve a teaspoonful in one pint of water and inject three times a day. )In females.) Hazard. 110 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, Hay Fever. B Potasssii arsenitis gr. x v. Aquae destillatae f 5j. Solve. Unsized white paper to be thoroughly moistened with this eolation, cut into twenty equal parts, and each part rolled into a cigarette, two or three of which may be smoked daily. Trousseau. 3 Tincturae Aconiti Radicis f ;iss. Glycerin! f jiiss.— M. Sig. Apply to outside of nose. Ringer. Headache (See Liniments). K. ^theris Spiritus Ammonise aromatici jia f 3j. Aquje Campliorpp f Zx. Tincturae Cardamomi corapositae f Zj. Misce pro haustu. 8ig. Take two to three times a day. (In nervous Jieadache). Brande. If, Atropinpp Sulphatis gr. es. C'hinoidinae ( Zj. Misce et hant pilulae No. Ix. Big. One pill twice or thrice a day, (/n sick headache.) Bartholow. HeniorrhoiiU (Piles). 9 Polveris Jalapae Potassi Bitartratis Potassii Nitratis 32 jss. f'onfecf ionis Sennae 5j. Syrupi simplicis q. 8. Misce et fiat electuarium. Sig. A bolus the size of a hazel-nut three times a day. Ellis. li Fluid Ext. Oliio Buckeye 5j. Fluid Ext. Horse Chestnut 5j. Alcohol 5i V. Water r\\. Simple Elixir jvi. Sig. Dose, one teaspoonful. Mackenzie. H Olei Tlipobromse jbs. Extracti Krameriae 9ij. Pulvf'ris Oi)ii gr. v. Misce secundum artem, ct fiant suppositoria No. x. Sig. Use one morning and night. J. Pancoast, Impotence and Sexual Debility. B Pulveris C'antharidis gr. xviij. Pidvoris Opii PulveriH ('aiiii>h flil gr. XXXTJ. ( 'on feet ionis IJosk' q. s. Misce ot fiant pilulip No. xxxvi. Sig. Take one pill at night. (From general debility.) Hazard. AND GREAT PHYSICIANS. Ill ^ Extract! Vanillse fluidi f 3J. Sig. Dose, a teaspoonf ul at night. (In old people.) Gerhard. B Phosphori gr. S9. « jEtheris f Iss. Solve, et adde — Tincturee Cantharidis TinctursB Nucis Voraicae iia f jss. — M. Sig. Take thirty drops three or four times a day. T'og^ IJ Fluid Ext. Damiana 1 ounce. Dialysed Iron i ounce. Tinct. Cantharides i ounce. Acid Phosphoric (diluted) i cmica. Lemon juice * ounce. Glycerine 2 ounces. Simple Elixir, q. e. to make 1 pint. Sig. Dose, one teaspoonful three times a day. (Useful in all cases of aexual debility. A most efficient nerve tonic.) Kilner^s Formulary. Lenchorrhflpa. 9 Zinci Sulphatis Aluminis iia 3iss, Glycerin! f 5vj.— M. Sig. Add a tablespoonf ul to a pint of water and inject night and morning. Hazard. Menorrhagia (Excessive Menstrual Flow). 9 TincturfP Ferri Chlorid! f 3iiBS. Acid! Phosphoric! diluti f Siiiss. Syrup! Acid! citric! q. s. ad f zvi. — M . Sig. Take a dessertspoonful three times a day. (When pale and debilitated. Gerhard, 'S^ Acid! Gallici . . . _. gr. xv. Acid! Sulphurici aromatici nixv. Tincturee Cmnamom! f 3!j. Aquse destillatw f 3! j. — M. Sig. One dose, to be taken every four hours until bleeding ceases. (In profuse bleeding.) Hazard. Neuralgia (See Linfments). B Strychninse Sulphatis gr. j. Morphinae Sulphatis Acid! arseniosi 3a.gr. iss. Extract! Aconiti gr. xv. Qaininse Sulphatis 3j. Misce et fiant pilulse No. xxx. Sig. Take one pill three times a day. S. D. Gross. Nymphomania (Excessive Sexual Desire). 9 Potassii Bromidi ^vj. Aquae destillatse f ;v. — M. Sig. Three teaspoonf ols before dinner and four at bedtime. BrowTiSequard. 112 SECKETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, Rattlesnake Bite. JJ Hydrargyri Chloridi corrosivi gr. ij. Potassii lodidi gr. iv. Aquae destillatee tH,v. Solve et adde — * Bromi 2v. — M. Sig. Take ten drops in a tablespoonfiil of wine or brandy every fifteen or twenty njinutes. (Recommended by Bibron, Prince Paul of Wuertemberg, W. A. Hammond, and others.) Bibron. Rheumatism (See Liniments). 9 Sodii Bicarbonatis 3ij. Acidi Salicyiici 3iij. Glycerini . _. AquBB destillatee iUI f jij. — M. Sig. One teaspoonful every four hours. N. B. Kennedy. IJ PulverisGuaiaci ResinsB Potassii lodidi M gr. x. TinctursB t^olchici Seminis f Zbs. Aquri Cinnamoini Syrupi simplicis ail q. s. ad f 5J.— M. Sig. A dessertspoonful to a tablospoonful thrice daily, (hi chronic rheumatism. Philadelphia Hospital. Sciatica. 5 Extracti Belladonnae gr. one-sixth. Extracti Stranionii gr. ono-fif th. Extracti Cannabis ludicae gr. J. Extracti Aconiti gr. i. Extracti Opii gr. t. Extracti Hyoscyami gr. ji. Extracti Conii gr. j. Pulveris Glycyrrhizip q. s. Misce et fiat pilula. Sig. Take throe, four, and even five pills a day. pro re nata. BrownScquard. Spermatorrhoea (See Impotance). IJ Qnininm Sniplmtis _. gr. vj. Acidi Hiilphnrici dilnti f l)._ TinctUFfe Cardamomi compositw f 3iij. Aqufip Cinnamomi f 5v88.— M. Sig. Two tablespoonfuls twice daily. Milton. IJ Pnlvpris Opii RT. v. Cam i)horfp . . . ._ 3 iv. Pnlvpris AcaciFp Syrupi 8inii)licis M q. 8. Fiat massa in i)ilnlas No. xl. dividends. Sig. Take two pillH throe times a day. Waring. IJ Postassii Broinidi ?j. A(iutt< dust i ilat«- q. s. ad f 5i].— M. Sig. Take a teaspoonful three times a day. (In the strou;/ and ple- thoric), Bartholow, AND GREAT PHYSICIANS. 113 Syphilis. "Ricord's Mixture," which has been so highly recommended in syphilitic afifections is composed as follows; * B Hydrarg. led. rab gr. iv. Potass. lod 5j. Fl. Ext. Sarsap. comp Ij. Aquse q. 8. ad Iv.— M, Sig. Teaspoonful. B Potass. lodid 3ij. Hydrarg. Biniodid gr. ss. Syr. Aurant. C'ort 5j. Tinct. Aurant. C'ort ;j. Aquse ad siv.— M. Sig. Teaspoonful in water after eating. {Mixed treatment.) Keyes. B Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros S?".- ij- Potassii lodidi lij. Tr. Cinchona Co lij. Aquse dist 3ij.— M. Sig. Take one drachm three times a day. Discontinue when gums get sore and resume again when soreness is gone. Luse. B Acidi Nitro-Muriatici diluti f Siiss. Syrnpi Stillingise compositi f 3xiiiss. AquBB destillatse f 5ij. — M. Sig. Dose, one to two teaspoonfuls three times a day, with denutri- tion. (In cases saturated with the approved remedies, but still present- ing patches on the skin and mucous membranes. Bartholow. Tapeworm. IJ Granati Corticis Radicis ^se. Seminum Peponis 5j. Extracti Filicis maris setherei f 3j. Pul veris Ergotee 3j. Pulveris Acacise 3ij. Olei Tiglii mij. Thoroughly bruise the granate bark and pumpkin-seed, and with the ergot boil in eight ounces of water for fifteen minutes, and etrain through a coarse cloth. Rub up well the croton oil and extract of male fern with the acacia, and form into an emulsion with the decoction. Take at one dose at 10 o'clock in the morning, having eat«n no break- fast and having taken a full dose of Rochelle salts the previous night. This expels the worm alive and entire within two hours, the head firmly fastened to the side of its own body. Schafhirt. B Pulveris Kamalsp gr. v-x. Syrupi Aurantii Florum f 3S8. Mucilaginis Tragacanthae 3j. Aquse destillatee f 5i. Misce et fiat haustus. Sig. Take early in the morning four hours after a purge. (For a child two to five years. Tapeioorm.), Tanner. 8 114 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, SYMBOLS OR SIGXS USED IX PRESt RIPTIOXS. TH. Minim, 1-60 part of a fluid dractim. gtt. Gutta, drop; guttse, drops. 3], Scrupulus vel scrupalam, a eicruple=20 grains. 3j. Drachma, a drachm=60 grains, f :j. Fluidrachma, a fluid or measured drachm. 3J. Uncia, a troyounce=i4>*0 grains. £:j. Fluiduncia, a fluidounce. Ibj. Libra, a pound, understood in prescription to apply to an fficinal pound of 5,760 grains. Oj. Octarious, a pint, gr. Granum, a grain; plural grana, grains. 88. Semis, half, affixed to signs as above. PHRASES A>'D ABBRETIATIONS USED IN PBESCRIPTIOSS. liATIN WORD. ABBREVIATION. TRANSLATION. Ad To, up to. Ad libitum Ad lib At pleasure. Adde Add Let it or them be added. Ampulla A large bottle. Ana Alia Of each. Aqua-bulliens Aq-bull Water— boiling, Aqua-f ervens Aq-ferv Water — hot. Aqua-destillata Aq dest Water— distilled. Bene WeU. Bis in dies Bis ind Twice daily. Bnlliat. buUiant Bull Let boil. Cape. Capiat Cap Take, Let him take. Capsula Caps Capsule. Ceratum Cerata A Cerate. Charta < Karta) Chart A paper (medicated). Chartula i Kartula) Chart A little paper for a powder. Cibus Cib Food. Cochleare magnum Coch mag A tablespoon. Cochleare parvum Coch parv A teaspoon. Cola. ColatQs Col Strain, Strained. Collyrium Collyr An eye wash. CoUutorium CoUut A mouthwash. Comijositus Co. Comp Compound. Congins C A gallon. Confectio Conf A confection. Cortex Cort Bark. Cum With. Decoctum Decoc A decoction. Dilute. DilutuB Dil Dilute. Dimidius Dim One-lialf. Divide D. Di v Di vid.> (I hon.) DividendoB Dividfiid T<> Ix' divided. ,,..,.. . 1 i» • Mjot it be divided into Dividaturin partes eeqnales. D in p ii-q j (.(inal parts. Dosis Dos A done. Hmplastriim Emp A phister. Knema Enem An cucma. Kxteiido supra Exten Sup Spread upon. Extractuiii Ext An t-xlriu-l. Kac. fiat, hant F Make, Let In- made. Kiltruni Pil A tih.T, Killi-r Uhoii). I'luidim Fl. f Khiid. (iarttarisiiia (iarK A gargle. (ilyrnritum (ilyc A (ilycorilo. Gutta, Gutta? Gtt A drop. Drops. AND GREAT PHYSICIANS. 115 LATIN WOBD. ABBREVIATION. TRANSLATION. Gattatim Guttat Drop )3y drop. Haustas Haast A draught. In dies Ind Daily. Infusum Inf An infusion. Injectio Inj An injection. Instar Inst Like. Lac Milk. Layena A flask or bottle. Libra Lb lb A pound. Linteum Lint. Liquor Liq A solution. Lotio A lotion. Mane prime Mane pr Very early in the morning. Magnus Mag Large. Massa Mass A pill mass. Mica panis Mic pan A crumb of bread. Misce M Mix. Mistnra Mist A mixture. MucUago Mucil A mucilage. Nox. Nocte Maneque { ^^g^^kfug^'^^^ ^"""^ ''' ^^* Numems, Numero No A number, In number. Octarius O A pint. Ovum, Ovi Ov An egg. Oiitimus Opt Best. Pars Par A part. Partes sequales P se Equal parts. Parvus Parv Smsdl. Pediluvium A foot bath. Pencilium Camelinom Pencil Cam . , . j '^ bruTh.^'""^'"'" ^^"""^ °' Per fistulam vitreum Through a glass tube. Phiala Phil A vial. PUula Pil A pill. Prorenata Prn (According to circum- i-ro re nata i- r n ^ stances, occasionally. Pulvis Pul V A powder. Quantum Sufficiat Q S As much as is necessary. Quaqua hora Q h Every hour. Saturatus Sat Saturated. Scatula Scat A box. Semissis Ss A half. Semidrachma Semidr A half drachm. Sesuncia Sesunc An ounce and a half. Signa S Sy Sign. Sine Without. Solve; Solutus Sol V ■ . . Dissolve, Dissolved. Solutio Sol A solution. Spiritus Spr A spirit. Statim Stat Immediately. Smppositoria Suppos A suppository. Syrupus Syr A syrup. Talis Tal Such or like. Tinctura Tra Tr Tinct..A tincture. Trochischus ( Trokiscna) .... Troch A troche. Tritura Trit Triturate. Tere Simul Ter Sim Kub together. Ter in di T i d Three times a day. Unguent um Ungt Anointment. Vinum Vin A wine. Vehichulum Vehic A menstrum. Vitellus Vit The yolk (of anegg^. Vitello Ovi Solutus V S Dissolved in yolk of an egg. 116 SECKETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, APPROXIMATE MEASIKES. A drop=n8ually about i minim. A tea8poonful=60 drops f Ij. A des8ertspoonful=f iij. A tablespoonful=f jes. ^ A wineglassfol— f lij. A teacupful=f jix. TABLE TO ASSIST THE BEGINNER IN PRESCRIBING LIQIIDS. Having fixed upon the bulk of his liquid he will remember that the/e are in 1 fluid ounce, 8 teaspoonfuls each 1 fluid drachm. 2 fluid ounces, 15 t«aspoonfuls each 1 fluid drachm. 4 fluid ounces, 30 teaspoonfuls each 1 fluid drachm. 4 fluid ounces, 15 dessertspoonfuls each 2 fluid drachms. 6 fluid ounces, 20 dessertspoonfuls each 2 fluid drachms. 6 fluid ounces, 12 tablespoonfuls each ^ fluid ounce. 8 fluid ounces, 15 tablespoonfuls each i fluid ounce. 1 pint, 30 tablespoonfuls, each i fluid ounce. 1 pint, 8 wineglassf uls each 2 fluid ounces. TABLE FOR CALtl LATING THE PERIOD OK I TERO-GESTATION. NINE CALENDAR MONTHS. TEN LUNAR MONTHS, From To Days. To Days. January 1 September HO October 31 Novenil)er 30 Decern lier 31 January 31 F((l)rnary 28 Marcli 31 273 273 275 275 27B 273 274 273 273 i 273 i 273 274 October? November 7 December 5 .lanuarv 5 280 February 1 March 1 280 280 April 1 280 May 1 JlUlP 1 February 4 Marcli 7 280 280 July 1 August 1 .\pril 6 280 April ;«) iMay 7 280 Bopt ember 1 May 31 June 7 280 October 1 . June 30 July 7 280 November 1 July ;U AugUHt 7 280 December 1 AufiTust 31 September ti 280 Xhe above Obstetric "Ready Reckoner" consists of two columns, one of calendar, the other of lunar months, nn' nilrndtir nionllix), Ht soonest; or on the 7th of October, plus 20 days {the end of ten lunar months), at latest. AND GREAT PHYSICIANS. 117 COMMON NAMES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES. COMMON NAMES. OHEMIOAL NAMES. Aqua Fortis Nitric Acid. Aqua Regia Nitro-Muriatic Acid. Blue Vitriol Sulphate of Copper. Cream of Tartar Bitartrate Potassium. Calomel Chloride of Mercury. Chalk Carbonate Calcium. Caustic Potassa Hydrate Potassium. Chloroform Chloride of Gormyle. Common Salt Chloride of Sodium. Copperas, or Green Vitriol Sulphate of Iron . Corrosive Sublimate Bi-Chloride oi Mercury. Diamond Pure Carbon. Dry Alum Sulphate Alluminum and Potassium Epsom Salts Sulphate of Magnesia. Ethiops Mineral Black Sulpliideof Mercury. Fire Damp Light Carburetted Hydrogen. Galena Sulphide of Lead. Glauber's-Salt Sulphate of Sodium. Glucose Grape Sugar. Goulard Water Basic Acetate of Lead. Iron Pyrites Bi-8ulphide Iron. Jeweler's Putty Oxide of Tin. King's Yellow Sulphide of Arsenic. Laughing Gas Protoxide of Nitrogen. Lime Oxide of Calcium. Lunar Caustic Nitrate ot Silver. Mosaic Gold Bi-Sulphide of Tin. Muriate of Lime Chloride of Calcium. Nitre of Saltpetre Nitrate of Potash. Oil of Vitriol Sulphuric Acid. Potash Oxide of Potassium. Realgar Sulphide of Arsenic. Bed Lead Oxide of Lead. Rust of Iron Oxide of Iron. Sahnoniac Muriate of Ammonia. Salt of Tartar Carbonate of Potassa. Slacked Lime Hydrate Calcium. Soda Oxide of Sodium. Spirits of Hartshorn Ammonia. Spirit of Salt ^. Hydro-Chloric or Muriatic Acid. Stucco, or Plaster of Paris Sulphate of Lime. Sugar of Lead Acetate of Lead. Verdigris Basic Aoetate of Copper. Vermillion Sulphide of Mercury. Vinegar '. Acetic Acid (Diluted). Volatile Alkali Ammonia. Water Oxide of Hydrogen. White Precipitate Ammoniated Mercury. White Vitriol Sulphate of Zinc. 118 SECEETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, Proprietary ai|^ Elegai|i Prepara* iioi|s. aiEDK ATED PADS. Medicated pads are quite popular with many who have tried them, and a multitude of remarkable cures are attributed to their use. We here present formulas equal to the be^t, and as they are quite simple to prepare they can now be tried with but little expense: Liver Pad. Red Cinchona Bark (powder) 4 ounces. Fenugreek Seed (powder) 1 ounce. Mandrake Root (powder) 1 ounce. Black Root ( powder I 1 ounce. Gum Guaiac (powder) 3 ounces. Bayberry Bark (powder) 4 dracluns. Oil of Eucalyptus 4 drachms. Grind the drugs with the powdered guaiac and add the oil. The above is sufficient for two pads, which should be made into an oblong or diamond shape, with linen or muslin, and worn over the pit of the stomach. Liver pads are recommended for all diseases arising from a disordered liver. Kiduey Pad. Useful in all diseases of the kidneys. Digitalis Leaves 2 ounces. Black Cohosh 1 ounce. (ium Benzoin (powdered) 1 oiiuce. Gum (iuaiacuiu (powdered) 1 ounce. Juniper berries 1 ounce. 8ueen of the Meadow 1 ounce, il Juniper '.Jounces. Grind the drugs to a moderately fine powder, anti mix with the oils and gums. Make an oljlong pad and wear over the kidneys. Luug Pad. Useful in consumption and diseases of the lungs. (iriiidelia Hobusta 1 onnco. Skill leap Iji'aves 1 ounce. BhicbtTry Root i ounce. BlcMxl Koot i ounc«. Yffba Santa U ounces. (ill III Aiiiiiioniac 1 ounce. While Pine Turpentine Gum 1! ounces. Oil of Tar 1 »)unco. <.)il of KiK-alyptus 1 ounce. Oil of Sassafras 1 ounce. (irind the drugs to a moderately fine powder and mix them with tbo oils uud gums. Make au obloDtf pad and woar well up to the throat. AND GREAT PETCSICIANS. 119 Lii|ii|ie]|is> Wonder Liniment. Oil of Sassafras 8 onnces. Oil of Cloves 2 ounces. Oil of Turpentine 4 ounces. Stronger Water of Ammonia 1 ounce. Sulphuric Ether 4 ounces. Chloroform 2 ounces. Camphor 2 ounces, av. Alcohol sufficient to make 1 gallon. Mix and dissolve. As a universal liniment for both internal and external use this is without an equal for relieving pain. It is used where any liniment is likely to do good in all aches and pains. Preparations of this nature when used externally should be applied plentifully and vigorously. This is the reason why itinerant venders of liniments under various titles such as Wizard Oil, Pain Killer, Instant Relief, etc., produce such remarkable cures in public. Their remedies all possess more or less remedial value, but without brisk and patient rubbing they would do as little good when applied externally as so much cold water. Now that a reliable formula is at hand a quantity of this Wonder Liniment can be prepared at a minimum cost without paying for bottles, labels, advertising, salaries, rente, etc., which are the necessary expenses of all medicine firms, and which ultimately are borne by the consumer. Liquid Lightning. An excellent liniment for external application, which has been sold vuider various names, is prepared as follows: Essential Oil of Mustard 2 drachms. Aconitia 2 grains. Glycerine 2 ounces. Alcohol 4 ounces. Mix, and apply by rubbing with the hand. This is useful in rheuma- tism, neuralgia, headache, toothache, and all nervous pains. Perry Davis' Pain Killer. Spirits of Camphor 2 onnces. Tincture of Capsicum 1 ounce. Tincture of Guaiac i ounce. Tincture of MjTrh i ounce. Alcohol 4 ounces. Mix. Hamlin's Wizard oil. Tincture of Camphor 1 ounce. Aqua Ammonia i ounce. Oil of Sassafras i ounce. Oil of Cloves 1 drachm. Chloroform 2 drachms. Turpentine 1 drachm. Alcohol 'ii ounces. Mix. 120 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, Mexican Slustaug Liuiiueut. gf^'^^ST ?Equal parts Carbonate of Ammonia ) and mix. Mercliaut's (iargliu^ Oil. Linseed Oil 2i pints. Spirits of Turpentine 2 J pints. Western Petroleum 1 pint. Liquor Potassa 1 ounce. Sap Green 1 dracbm. Mix. Radtray's Ready Relief. This remedy, according to PeckoU, is an etliereal tincture of capsi- cum with alcohol and camphor. Liver I^egUlaior. Senna Alex 12 drachms. Podophyllin. 'A drachms. Leptaudria Virg 3 draclims. Virginia Snake Koot C draelmis. Ginseng 3 draclims. Alcohol C ounces. Boiling water, to make 1 quart. Dose, teaspounful to one-half wineglassful, as needed. For all bil- ious diseases or disorders arising from torpidity of the liver, dyspepsia, bilious headache, costiveuess, bout stomach, jaundice, heartburn, uerv- «)UBne88, restlessness, etc. Elixir Cascara Sagraila Coi|ipoUi|(l Fluid Extract Cascara 4 ounces. Tincture Nux Vomica 1 drachm. Glycerine 2 ounces. Syrup of (linger 2 ounces. Peppermint Water 4 oances. Simple Elixir, to nmke 1 pint. Mix and liller. Dose, one teaspoon fid before eating. Fur headache, const ipalion^ biliuUHUebs, dyspepsia, or all diseases arising from torpidity of the liver. Kilner'H Forinuianj. Pr. ilai|iiRoi|'s |3)oo^ PUrifier. Better than S. S. S. or any blood medicine on the market. A specific for scrofula, syphilis, rheumatism, and all impurities of the bloud: AND GREAT PHYSICIANS. 121 Black Cohosh 1 ounce. Blood Root i ounce. Poke Root 1 drachm. Elder Flowers li ounces. ■ Sassafras Bark i ounce. Spikenard Root li ounces. Alcohol 4 ounces. Water 4 ounces. Simple Elixir, q. s. to make 1 pint. Macerate the drugs with alcohol and water, and after a few days transfer to percolator. Percolate till clear, and then add to simple e'ixir. Dose, one to two teaspoonfuls three times a day. plood PUrifyiiig Tea. Burdock Root, cut 2 ounces. Blue Flag Root, cut 2 ounces. Dandelion Root, cut li ounces. Sassafras Root, cut i ounce. Sarsaparilla Root, cut 2 ounce. Wild Cherry Bark, cut 1 ounce. Yellow Dock Root, cut i ounce. Mix thoroughly. Take two ounces of the tea and steep in a quart of water, with gentle heat, for two hours; strain off li pints into a quart bottle and add half a pint of alcohol and 4 ounces of sugar. The dose is a wineglassful for adults before meals and at bedtime; children, in proportion to age. \Vari|er's Safe l^idi^ey ai|d Liver cure. In Germany each maker of patents must furnish the Government with the formula for the patent he makes. This is the one furnished by Warner for "Safe Kidney and Liver Cure." Each bottle contains: Extract of Lycopus Virginiana (the herd) 308 grains. Extract of Hepatica (the herb) 232 grains. Extract of Gaultheria 7i grains. Potassium Nitrate 39 grains. Alcohol (90 ) 2i ounces. Glycerine 10 drachms. Water, sufficient to make 1 pint. Any one can now make this preparation equally as well as Warner. Fenner''s Formulary. Eleciric Catarrh I^eifie^ij. This remedy, under various electrical names, is inclosed in a closely stoppered bottle or box containing a bit of zinc and copper to wliich is attached a piece of cotton or sponge saturated with the preparation, 122 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, which is very volatile and irritating to the mucuous membrane, and produces by inhalation a decided effect at once. The patient is led to believe that there is some electrical value attached to the combination, and, strange to say, in the face of such absurdity it has many votaries; however, notwitlistanding the electrical deception it has merits as an inhalant, and remakable cures of catarrh, headache, neuralgia, etc., are ascribed to its use. The following is the required formula: Essential Oil of Mustard 1 ounce. Carbolic Acid 1 ounce. Oil of Hemlock 1 ounce. Camphor 1 ounce. Alcohol 4 ounces. Mix and dissolve. This can also be used as an external application, though not so good as another under the head of "Li(iuid Lightning" (see page 119). Caiarrh Si|Uff. Calomel 1 drachm. Camphor, pulverized 1 draclim. Acacia 2 drachms. Caiarrh Salve> Tlie following remedy for catarrh, and other uses for which it is recommended, was patented by William H. Thomas of Los Angeles, Cal. From the nature of its ingredients and mode of i)repnration we are led to believe that it is the most elegant and effective of all the "salve catarrh remedies" that have been brought to our notice: Petrolatum 1 ounce. Pimento (powd. allspice) t grains. Thymol 4 grains. noracic Acid 2 grains. Hubiiitrate of ISismuth 2 grains. Spirit rincii)les of the leaves, after which the petrolatum is strained off ami adilcil to the powdered substances JH'fon' mentioned with tlic spirit of wintcrgrccu, tlut whole being thor- oughly commingled and mixed in any convenient manner. In usinK the compound it is applied locally in the usual manner by moans of the fingers or any material by which the application can be thoroughly effected. As an ointment it is especially applicable to the treatment of i-atarrh, malignant sUsiible. The Societ6 d' Encouragement of Paris has recently awarded a prize of 2,000 francs to J. A. Martin of Paris for the following preparations for making tissues fire-proof. The conditions under which the award was offered were as follows: The ingredients constituting the prepara- tions must be cheap and easily applied, must neither injure the tissues themselves nor their colors, must be neither of a poisonous nor caustic nature, must not change in a very moist nor very dry atmosphere, and 124 SECRETS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, tinally the impregnated tissues and wood must remain incombustible after they have been exposed for one month to a temperature of 100° to 120 Fahr. It was found that Martin's iJuids made the tissues and the surface of wood incombustible, that they do not attack the tissues and their colors, and that they remained incomljiistible after having been exposed for several months in a drying chamber to a temperature of 97 " Fahr. The experiments were made by the Society and at the same time in the different Pans theaters. For all Lisht Tissues. Ammonium Sulphate 8 parts. Pure .\mmonium Carbonate 2J parts. Boracic Acid 3 parts. Starch 2 parts. Water 100 . parts. Two-fifths part of dextrine (or the same quantity of gelatine) may be substituted for the 2 parts of starch. The fluid is heated to 8.") Fahr. and the tissues immersed in it until they arc thoroughly permeated. They are then slightly wrung and dried sufficiently for ironing. The quantity of the starch or dextrine or gelatine may be changed according as the tissues are to Ije more or less stiff. For Painted Decoratious and \>'oO(l. Sal-ammoniac l.'i parts. Boracic Acid 5 i^arts. Glue 50 parts. Gelatine ' 1} parts. Water 100 parts. Add sufficient powdered talc to give the mass the necessary consist- ency. For use it is heated to 120 or 140° Fahr. and applied with a brush. For decorations already painted it suffices to apply it to the back and wooden frames. For Coarse Linen, Ropes, Stran, and Wood. Sal-ammoniac 15 parts. Boracic Acid ti parta. Borax 3 parts. Water 100 parts. The fluid is heated to 220 Fahr. and the articles are submerged in it for l.'i to 20 minutes, wrung out elightly, and dried.— Tec/jno-C/icHi/cn/ Rtceipt Book. Gol^ aT|«) Silver li|Ws. Take equal parts of gold leaf (or silver leafj and honey. Triturate them in a mortar until i)crffctly fint", add ahoiit :!(i parts lint water, and triturate. Allow to sell k' and pour off the water. Triturate again with fresh hot water. Allow to settle and pour olT as before. Repeat tlie washing several times until the honey is all washetl out, then dry the ]iow(l)Ted gohl leaf and mix it with water and gum arable. It must be shakfU occa>ionally while writing. Very line brunzo may bo made into ink by adding watrr and gum arable uud shaking occasionally while writing. (l''(ir other inks see i)age 20.) SECBEffS OF WISE MEN, CHEMISTS, 125 iVorces^ershire Salice. The composition of this sauce is a trade secret, but a variety of sim- ilar sauces are found on the market. A good imitation may be made as follows: Chop the green outer covering of unripe walnuts 5 pounds, bruise them to a pulp in a mortar, pour upon them 6 pints of good strong vin- egar, and after standing a day heat to boiling and strain with strong pressure. To the liquid thus obtained add garlic, grated to a pulp, 2 ounces; capsicum, in fine powder, 2 ounces; black pepper, 1 ounce; cin- namon, li ounces; nutmeg, i ounce; allspice, 1 ounce; cloves, i ounce, all in fine powder; salt, 12 ounces; brown sugar, 8 ounces, and enough good vinegar to make 1 gallon of the finished product. This is to stand for some time, with frequent agitation, and then be put up in bottles. puHer Color. Annatto, fresh and of good quality, 2 pounds; salad oil of good qual- ity without flavor (purified cotton-seed oil is best), suflBcient to make 1 gallon. Rub the annatto with a portion, about one-third, of the oil and macerate it by the heat of a water-bath for 13 hours, stirring occasion- ally, pour off the liquid and add to the residue another portion, about one-third of the oil, and macerate as before, adding the product of the portion before reserved, then add the remainder of the oil to the sedi- ment, macerate as before and add the product to the reserved portions to make 1 gallon of butter color.— Fenner's Formulary, l^arey's Origii|al llorse Lii|ii|tei|i. Alcohol (95 ' ) 8 ounces. Spirit of Turpentine 8 ounces. Oil of Sassafras 1 ounce. Oil of Pennyroyal 1 ounce. Oil of Origanum ; 1 ounce. British Oil 1 ounce. Tincture of Arnica 1 ounce. Tincture of C'antharides 1 ounce. Tincture of Camphor 1 ounce. Aqua Ammoniae 1 ounce. Mix them, and make a liniment. flog Ckolera CUre. Powdered mandrake, 4 pounds; powdered charcoal, 2 pounds; pow- dered resin, 1 pound; powdered saltpetre, 1 pound; powdered madder, 1 pound; powdered bicarbonate of soda, 11 pounds. Mis thoroughly. ,pive a tablespoonf ul daily in feed; as a preventive, give twice a week. pAVip'S Designed for me in connection with any general arithmetic in schools and business coUeaes and for special teaching. Arranged and expla ined particularly for self-instruction. Kl SIXESS AJ>I>ITIOX. Not a collection of special ndes and trirk.'<, Imt an oriRiiial system of practical reckoning easy, sim- ple, and general in its adaptability to the requirements of actnal busi- ness in this busy age. ^ 4iirou|>iiie lIctlHMl . and l*racti«"al I'roof. The only motliud of PRACTICAL i;.\rii> Ainu l'l(>.\ |{y which a coliiriiii of tii;nrcH ciiii 1)1* iiililrtl iiH <|uickly UH a Huiilenco iif worilH of ll"' Humo length can \>o pronounci/d. HAI'II» DISCOUNT AND BOOK-KEEPERS' SUBTRACTION. MFIiTIPLiICATION, A i^hort and Simple Gen- eral Rule. Look at the illustration and see the difference between the the old and new way. lExtra cloth, fine gilt, beau-l 1.30| '-; Address the author, ?> Lock Box 507, CHicAGO.r DAVID'S DECIMAL. INTEREST RULE. A decided revolution in comput- ing INTEREST and TiaiE. THE ADDING METHOD OF DIVISION- NEW METHODS IN MIXED NUM- BEKS AND FRACTIONS— NEW DECI- MAL CONTRACTIONS— PRACTICAL, MEASUREMENTS OF SURFACES AND SOLIDS — CHRONOLOGY, OR TIME RECKONING, And a vast number of other original short rules, viathematical data, double-disk perpetual calen^ dar, and labor-saving tables all contained in this new and wonderful book. Do yon wish to increase your ability by becoming more ■^R A P I D^ in your daily figuring? If so, send for a copy and learn these -SHORT-CUT- ^/^ ^ X^ . routes to your answers. Perpetnal Disk Charm Calendar. (Actual size and shape.) A beatitiful metal pendant for watch ch;iin i>r necklace. Sent by maiJ, together with a large, perpetual calendar on heavy cardboard for hanging on wall, price, Sl.OO. GETTY CENTER LIBRARY 3 3125 00140 5774