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HISTORICAL MANUSCRIPTS COMMISSION. 
 
 KEPOKT 
 
 ON THE 
 
 MANUSCRIPTS 
 
 OF 
 
 MRS. STOPFORD-SACKVILLE, 
 
 OF 
 
 DRAYTON HOUSE, NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 Drcsentd) to faxlinment Comtnani) of lis glnjfstii, 
 
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 1904. 
 
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CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 I. — The Monmouth Insurrection, 1685-6 - - 1 
 
 II. — Letters of Mary, Princess of Orange, to Lady 
 
 Mary Forester 29 
 
 III— Family Papers and Letters, 1706-1799 - - 32 
 
 IV.— Home Affairs, 1755-1784 49 
 
 V. — Letters from Lord George Sackville to General 
 
 Irwin, 1761-1784 ----- 84 
 
 VI.— Ireland, 1731-1737 ----- , 146 
 
 VIL— Ireland, 1750-1756 169 
 
 VIII.— Ireland, 1775-1783 - 243 
 
 IX.— The War of the Austrian Succession, 1748-1748 282 
 
 X.— Cherbourgh and St. Malo, 1758 292 
 
 XL— The Seven Years' War, 1758-1759 301 
 
 XII.— Minden Papers, 1759-1760 - 312 
 
 XIII. — Letters from Richard Cumberland and others, 
 
 on Spanish Affairs, 1778-1780 - - - 323 
 
 XIV. — Letters relating to Prince William Henry, Duke 
 
 of Gloucester, 1777-1779 ... 344 
 
 XV.— India, 1776-1784 : ... - 355 
 
 XVI.— Minorca, 1776-1782 ... - 370 
 
 XVII.— Miscellaneous, 1683-1781 - 373 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The papers forming this large and important collection are 
 chiefly composed of letters, reports, and other official documents 
 from and to Lord George Sackville, the 3rd son of Lionel, 1st 
 Duke of Dorset. 
 
 There are family papers from 1706 to 1799 (p. 32), which 
 contain letters from many persons of eminence, among 
 them heing the Electress Sophia of Hanover, Sir Spencer 
 Compton, afterwards Earl of Wilmington, Kobert, 1st Earl 
 of Orford, the Earls of Halifax, Sunderland, Chesterfield, and 
 Bristol, George Bubb Dodington, afterwards Lord Melcombe, 
 Horace Walpole, and others, as well as from most of the 
 members of the Sackville family. In other parts of the 
 collection are to be found letters from Prince Ferdinand of 
 Brunswick, the Dukes of Cumberland, Gloucester, Marlborough, 
 Newcastle, and Grafton, the Marquess of Hartington, the Earls 
 of Bristol, Temple, Mansfield, Ligonier, Bute, Holderness, Suffolk, 
 Buckinghamshire, Granville, Chesterfield, Hardwicke, Clanricarde, 
 and Traquair, Lords North, Thurlow, and Sydney, and from 
 Henry Fox, Sir H. Erskine, C. Townshend, William Pitt, Sir 
 Kobert Walpole, Dean Swift, Dr. Stone, Archbishop of Armagh, 
 H. Pelham, William Eden, afterwards Lord Auckland, General 
 Wolfe, Sir Jeffrey (afterwards Lord) Amherst, Richard Cumber- 
 land the dramatist, Sir Edward Walpole, and many others, 
 
 Among the papers not immediately connected with the public 
 and official life of Lord George Sackville, is a very interesting 
 bundle of letters and papers addressed to the Earl of Sunderland 
 (Secretary of State) in 1685 by the Dukes of Somerset and 
 Albemarle, the Earl of Feversham, Lord Lumley, and others, 
 who were the chief actors in the quelling of the Monmouth 
 insurrection (p. 1). They are believed to have come to Drayton 
 through the Bateman family, the first Lord Bateman having 
 married Lady Anne Spencer, granddaughter of the Earl of 
 Sunderland, while the second Lord married Miss Sambroke, 
 sister to Lady George Germain, which was the name afterwards 
 
iv 
 
 assumed by Lord George Sackville pursuant to the will of his 
 aunt, Lady Elizabeth Germain, of Drayton House, Northampton- 
 shire. 
 
 One of the most important papers among them is a very long 
 and full account, in the shape of a diary, commencing on the 
 20th June and ending on the 6th July after the battle of Sedge- 
 moor, written by an officer in the army of Lord Feversham. 
 
 An order to the High Constable of Whitleigh, in Somersetshire, 
 dated July 2nd, 1685, to summon all the carpenters within his 
 hundred and 190 labourers to attend at Bridgwater " on the 
 King's business," is signed by Richard Goodenough, paymaster to 
 the rebel army, showing that the order was issued by ' 'King 
 Monmouth," not by King James. 
 
 The papers contain many details of proceedings after the 
 rebellion, in the shape of examinations, dying speeches, con- 
 fessions, and some curious informations sent to Lord Jeffries by 
 the Corporation of Taunton. 
 
 There are four holograph letters from Princess Mary of 
 Orange to Lady Mary Forester, a daughter of the Earl of Salis- 
 bury (p. 29), who was mother of Mrs. Sambroke and grandmother 
 of Lady George Germain. The letters have no year date, but 
 must have been written before the Princess came to the English 
 throne, as she never afterwards re-visited Holland, and by 
 internal evidence can be elated pretty accurately. 
 
 But the papers referring immediately to Lord George form by 
 far the largest and most valuable part of this collection. A large 
 bundle of letters from him to his friend General Sir John Irwin, 
 ranging from 1761 to 1784 (p. 84), which were sold to the Duke 
 of Dorset by Lady Irwin after her husband's death, allude to all 
 the absorbing topics of the day, and more especially to the 
 gradual rise of the American revolt, culminating in the War of 
 Independence. 
 
 The Irish papers are very numerous and important ; they are 
 in three series (pp. 146-281), the hrst from 1731 to 1737, the 
 second from 1750 to 1756, and the third from 1777 to 1783. In 
 the first series several letters from Dean Swift (pp. 149 et seq.) 
 will be found. Numerous despatches from and to the Primate, 
 Dr. Stone, deal with the topics then agitating in Ireland ; the 
 coinage, the King's right to deal with the balance in the Treasury, 
 
V 
 
 and other matters referred to by Horace Walpole and other con- 
 temporary writers. The third series consists almost entirely of 
 letters from the Earl of Buckinghamshire, Lord Lieutenant of 
 Ireland from 1777 to 1780, to Lord George Germain, on matters 
 of varied interest connected with the country ; but there are in 
 addition some very interesting and racy letters from Dr. Hotham, 
 Bishop of Clogher, as well as others from Sir J. Irwin, Mr. Waite, 
 &c. 
 
 There are two interesting accounts of the futile attack on 
 Cherbourg in 1758 (p. 293, et seq.), one by General Sir John 
 Irwin, the friend of Lord George Sackville, and the other by a 
 person named Alexander McDowall, which, though written from 
 different standpoints, supplement and verify each other in a 
 remarkable degree. 
 
 From the contents of a small bundle of letters and papers from 
 Mr. Richard Cumberland, while on a diplomatic mission to the 
 court of Spain, to Lord George Germain (p. 323 et seq.), it will 
 be seen how strong the desire of repossessing Gibraltar was in 
 the minds of the Spanish ministers in 1779. 
 
 The conversations Mr. Cumberland had with the Spanish 
 ministers and several very interesting particulars of the internal 
 economy of Spain and Portugal will be found among these 
 papers. A letter from Mr. Cumberland (p. 342) undated, but 
 written on Dec. 3, 1784, deals with the production of his play, 
 The Carmelite, and is full of very entertaining stage and general 
 gossip. The bundle headed "Letters relating to the Duke of 
 Gloucester " (p. 344), contains letters from Sir Edward Walpole, 
 Mr. Jennings, and others relating to the unfortunate position of 
 Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh 
 (brother of King George III.), who by his marriage with Maria 
 Dowager Countess Waldegrave, a daughter of Sir Edward Wal- 
 pole, had brought upon himself the King's resentment. The 
 letters are chiefly from Sir Edward Walpole and the Duke's 
 confidential secretary, Mr. Jennings, to Lord George Sackville, 
 asking his assistance to procure a reconciliation between the 
 brothers. There are two or three written by the Duke himself. 
 
 [The remarks upon the papers dealing with Canada and 
 America have been relegated to the 2nd volume.] 
 
vi 
 
 As the Report upon Mrs. Sfcopford-Sackville's papers (Report 
 IX., Appendix 3) is out of print, the Historical Manuscripts 
 Commissioners have thought it well to re-issue it in the more 
 convenient octavo form, uniform with the later volumes of the 
 Commission, at the same time correcting some few errors and 
 misprints which had crept into the earlier Report, and including 
 many papers which were omitted or briefly mentioned for want 
 of space. 
 
 The Report has now been divided into two volumes, the first 
 containing the documents relating to the British Isles, the 
 Continent of Europe, and India, while the second is devoted to 
 the States of America, Canada, and the West Indies. 
 
 The great bulk of the fresh material will be found in the 
 American Volume, but amongst the new papers in Volume I. 
 may be noted Lord Feversham's original despatches to King- 
 James during his campaign against the Duke of Monmouth 
 (pp. 3-21) explaining at much length, and in very bad French, his 
 reasons for what he did and what he did not do. He makes the 
 curious statement that Monmouth often preached to his army ; 
 does full justice to the gallant conduct of Lord Churchill and the 
 young Duke of Grafton, and evidently believes the current 
 report that Major- General Ludlow was with the rebel army. 
 
 With these Monmouth papers is an interesting map of 
 Sedgemoor, sent up to Lord Sunderland by the Rev. Andrew 
 Paschall, rector of Chedzoy, which would have been re-produced 
 for this volume had it not been already given to the public by 
 Mr. Fea, in his " King Monmouth." 
 
 The sections devoted to Home Affairs, Ireland, Correspondence 
 with General Irwin, the Seven Years' War, &c, have not been 
 much enlarged, as all these papers were very fully dealt with in 
 the earlier Report ; but some few papers of interest have been 
 added. See, inter alia, the letter from the Duke of Newcastle to 
 Charles Townshend (p. 60), the answer to which is printed in the 
 Report on Marquis Townshend's MSS. ; a long and interesting- 
 letter from Geo. Grenville's Secretary, Mr. Whateley, on the 
 crisis of July, 1767 (p. 68) and one from William Knox on the 
 new ministry of July, 1782 (p. 78). Also letters from Prince 
 Ferdinand of Brunswick and Lord George Sackville on the 
 steps to be taken in consequence of the surprise of Minden by 
 
vii 
 
 the French (pp. 808-310), and a series of extracts from a 
 History of the Seven Years' War, with marginal notes upon the 
 battle of Minden by Col. William Kingsley, whose regiment, 
 under his command, greatly distinguished itself in the engage- 
 ment (p. 320). This document was sent, many years afterwards, 
 by an officer in India to Lord G. Germain, as throwing a " new 
 light" upon the battle, but there is nothing in the new light at 
 all exculpatory of his Lordship's conduct. 
 
 Some interesting papers have been added on Indian affairs at 
 the time of Hyder Ali's invasion of the Carnatic (pp. 355-370), 
 especially a long letter giving a detailed account of the 
 defeat of the English by Hyder near Conjiveram (p. 357). 
 This letter contains a strong attack upon Sir Hector Monro's 
 conduct in not supporting Colonel Baillie. Other papers 
 worthy of notice are a summary of the events which preceded 
 and precipitated Hyder's invasion (p. 366), and three letters 
 from Lieut. -Col. Patrick Ross concerning the abortive expedition 
 to the Cape under Commodore Johnstone and General 
 Meadowes, and the state of affairs in India at the time 
 (pp. 364, 368). 
 
 Finally, there are several letters from Lieut.-General James 
 Murray, who was in command in Minorca, first as Lieutenant to 
 Governor Mostyn (invalided in England) and after Mostyn's 
 death as Governor (pp. 370 et scq.). With these letters 
 is a copy of the questions submitted by Murray to his 
 officers in Jan., 1782, concerning the defence of Port St. 
 Philip, then besieged by the Due de Crillon. The officers 
 answered by proposing negotiations with de Crillon, and, in 
 default of relief from England, the surrender of the fortress, 
 to which Murray sternly replied that their answer had taken 
 a latitude which he never gave them. He had consulted them 
 how best to prolong the defence and on that alone ; would never 
 consent to surrender until driven to the last extremity, and, if 
 they refused to execute his orders, must resign the command to 
 the Lieut.-Governor (Sir William Draper) whom he believed to 
 be a better officer than himself, and who was certainly " a better 
 politician." Upon receipt of the general's letter, the officers 
 unanimously assured him of their determination to stand by 
 him and obey him. When they made their proposal, it must 
 be remembered that the fatal scurvy had already made its 
 
Vlll 
 
 appearance, which quickly reduced the little garrison to a state 
 of desperation, and three weeks later obliged the general to 
 surrender. If the garrison had remained in health, he wrote to 
 Lord Hillsborough, he could have held out two months longer 
 (p. 373). 
 
 This report was commenced by the late Mr. Pi. B. Knowles and 
 continued after his death by Mr. W. 0. Hewlett. The revision 
 of the text and the preparation of the index to the present 
 volume is the work of Mrs. S. C. Lomas. 
 
THE MANUSCRIPTS OF 
 
 • MRS. STOPFORD SACKVILLE 
 
 OF 
 
 DRAYTON HOUSE, NORTHAMPTON SHIRE . 
 
 L— MONMOUTH PAPEKS. 
 
 Lord Dumbarton to King James II. 
 
 1685, May. Aire. — Three fragments of letters. One is dated 
 "Aire, 29 May 1685," and as they all relate to Argyll's 
 expedition to Scotland, the others are about the same date. 
 In that which is dated, Dumbarton says, " the gentlemen wrytes 
 from the cost of Galloway that they see som tymes 4, and 
 other tymes 5 sheps croising betwixt the Ille of Man and 
 Kintyre. It is fitting that your Majestie had four sheps upon 
 this coste. This noor west wend hes bein the greatest advantage 
 Argylle could have had, for non of your Majestie's shepes could 
 com upon this coste n'other from St. George's chanell nor the 
 north illes." In another fragment the writer says, " Ther is non 
 of your Majesties shepes yett on the coste nor no newis of any 
 of them, if they war heir all Argyll's sheps most be lost, and 
 as it is he may go on all the coste wher he plases and give me 
 allarmes of his landing at severall places." In the third frag- 
 ment he writes : " Just as I am wry ting this ther is word broght 
 me that Argyll was standing in at Largs with 3 shepes, 24 great 
 boates, and a great barke for to land, so I am going ther with 3 
 troups of horse which is on the cost and 3 of dragons." 
 
 Duke of Monmouth. 
 
 [1685, June 11.] — Heads of the Duke of Monmouth's mani- 
 festo after his landing at Lyme. 
 
 Col. Sir E. Phelipps, Col. Fras. Lutterell and William 
 Lacy, to his Grace [the Duke of Somerset]. 
 
 1685, June 15. Chard. — We have here Col. LutterelPs 
 regiment and Col. Phelipps, with two or three hundred horse, 
 militia and volunteers. Hearing that the Duke of Albemarle 
 was at Axminster, Col. Lutterell went with part of the force to 
 
 21250 
 
 A 
 
2 
 
 join him, " but upon a sudden, some persons were supposed 
 to be seen of the enemy and an old soldier said we were all 
 betrayed, and made some [of] our foot to run, but they soon 
 came to their arms and so we retreated . . . and intend 
 to-morrow to join with his Grace if he doth not countermand 
 us . . . The enemy have made some sallies for to get horse, 
 but were repulsed at Bridport yesterday morning with some loss. 
 They have a confused number, but we cannot tell what . . . 
 We are informed that the soldiers know not their captains, nor 
 no order among them . . . We shall be glad to see your Grace 
 here and the rest of the forces." Enclosed in the Dukes letter oj 
 the 16th. 
 
 The Duke of Somerset to [the Earl of Sunderland ?] . 
 
 1685, June 16. Wells. — I arrived here on Monday morning, 
 and immediately sent a messenger to Mr. Edward Philips at 
 Taunton. The messenger found him at Chard and brought me 
 the letter which I enclose. I learn from a letter which I have 
 intercepted " that Mr. Strangewayes, brother to collonell Strange- 
 wayes, was basely murdered mounting his horse at the stable 
 doore, and likewise one Mr. Cooker, collonell Cooker's son, of 
 Dorsetshire, shott in his own stable as he was going to mount his 
 horse. And on the other side there is a great officer of theirs 
 killed, and it is generally reported that it is the Lord Grey, and 
 this letter mentions farther that the Duke of Allbemarle is this 
 morning intended to be on the hills before Lime with 10,000 men. 
 . . . I intend to march myselfe to-morrow towardes Crooke- 
 
 herne, and will gett there as soone as I can 
 
 Pray, my lord, acquaint the King that there shall not be any 
 thing wanting in me to put a stope to this rebellion, which I 
 hope now in ten dayes you will find a very great alteration for the 
 best. I have here stopt ten idle lusty fellowes we suspected to 
 be going into Lime that could give noe account of themselves, 
 and one of them confessed that he beleived the Duke of Mon- 
 mouth an honest man, and was sure that he was a friend of his, 
 and upon this we have sent them all to the jaile of this town. 
 I find all the gentlemen very well inclined to doe the King 
 service,and the militia is in very good order for militia, and I 
 hope with encouragement of theire officers will doe there part 
 well, it would be very much for the King's service to send here a 
 foot regiment to leade on the militia, for you will find by Sir Ed. 
 Phylip's letter that almost any report will startel them, soe that 
 there is an absolute necessity if the King can spaire them to 
 send some forces here, for the common sort of people if they 
 durst would rise every minute, but here is now every where soe 
 good order and watch kept that it is almost impossible for them 
 to get to any head." Holograph. 
 
 Duke of Albemarle to [the Same ?] . 
 
 1685, June 18. Shute, near Axminster. — " I am now with my 
 Lord Churchill, who has brought his troopes to Axminster. The 
 
8 
 
 troopes being weary with their march, his Lordship does not 
 thinke it convenient to joine me till to-morrow or next day ; 
 however I shall march early the next morneing towards the 
 enemy, and from thence shall send to his Lordship and soone 
 after doe hope to give your Lordship a better account." Signed. 
 
 The Duke of Monmouth. 
 
 1685, June 20. Taunton. — Order "in his Majesty's name 
 . . . to all officers and soldiers of our army, and to all others our 
 loving subjects " to suffer the post to pass without interruption. 
 Signed, Kichard Goodenough, paymaster to the army. 
 
 The Duke of Somerset to [Lord Albemarle ?] 
 
 [1685, June 21?] — "Lest my first messenger should have 
 miscarried I doe here desire your Lordship to come away 
 towardes me with what forces you have, for I have onely one 
 regiment and one troope of horse which I am afraide will hardly 
 stand because the others have show'd them the way to run, the 
 enemy is now at Bridgewater, which is in ten miles of where 
 I am." End of letter wanting. Holograph. 
 
 The Duke of Somerset to the King. 
 
 [1685, June 21 ?] — [First part wanting^ ". . . account of my 
 Lord Stawell's regiment that are all fled and most of them gone 
 over to the rebels at Bridgewater. I have sent for the Duke of 
 Albemarle's assistance and have sent your Majesty his letter to 
 me, which pray sir consider what a comfortable answer it is. 
 Sir Francis Warr will give your Majesty a full account of all 
 things, and with the reasons that makes me now forced to retire 
 to Bathe, where I hope your Majesty will soone send me some 
 assistance, or else the whole county is lost." Holograph. 
 
 Earl of Feversham to [Lord Sunderland ?] . 
 
 [1685,] June 22. Nine of the clock in the morning. Marl- 
 borough. — " I am just now come to this place, and am going to 
 Chapenham with all speede. I have received a letter from my 
 Lord of Pembroke, who is att the Devizes ; he tells me he is 
 marching to Chipenham with the Wiltshire and Hamshire 
 Militia. I have sent to him to desire him to order his horse to 
 march thither without staying for the foot. I do not yett know 
 what number of horse and foot he has. I have also sent to the 
 Dukes of Somerset and Beaufort for to inform them of my 
 marching to Chipenham and I do desire them both to lett me 
 know what news they have of the rebells, that I may governe 
 my self e accordingly." Signed. 
 
4 
 
 Earl or Feversham to King James II. 
 
 [1685, June 23. Bristol.] — " Sire. — Je ne me suis point donne 
 l'honneur d'escrire a vostre majeste despuis mon despart de 
 Londres n'ayant jamais sceu qu'aujourdhui on estoint les 
 rebelles assurement, j'ay pourtant rendu conte a mylord* Sunder- 
 land- le plus souvent qu'il m'a este possible de ma marche sans 
 envoier d'expres, n'ayant hen eu d'asses considerable pour le faire. 
 Je l'y marquois dans ma lettre d'hier de chippenam que je 
 marcherois ce matin pour me rendre ici le plustost qu'il me seroit 
 possible, ce que j'ay fait sur une lettre du due de beaufort qui 
 m'en pressoit fort, car l'arrivee du due de soumerset avec sa 
 milice avoit fort estonne la ville, et je croiois que les rebelles 
 marchoit droit ici et qu'il en avoit des nouvelles certaines ; e'est 
 pourquoi je n'ai pas voulu espargner une marche quoi qu'asses 
 incommode a cause du chemin, scachant l'importance de la perte 
 de ceste ville, et que de plus j'ay creu que quand ce n'auroit este 
 que pour faire voir a la ville 1'interest que vostre majeste prennoit 
 a sa conservation, et que j'estois assure que puisque les rebelles 
 avoit quitte taunton, qu'ils ne pourroint marcher en pas un 
 endroit que je ne fusse toujours en estast de leur montrer comme 
 un teste de troupes jusques a ce que mon infanterie fust arrivee, 
 car j'ay fait marcher aujourdhui un compagnie d'oxfort, et deux 
 de draggons a bath, avec quatres compagnies de cavalerie et un 
 regiment d'infanterie de willshire ; mylord pembroke est alle" 
 avec, et desmain le reste de la milice de ces deux provinces y doit 
 marcher. Scachant que le due de sommerset n'y avoit point 
 laisse de troupes, j'apprehendois que les ennemis ne s'en 
 saissisent; j'ause assurer vostre majeste qu'ils ont perdu le 
 temps de se saisir de rien qui en vaille la poine s'ils Font jamais 
 eu, et je ne puis croire que l'affaire puisse durer plus de six jours, 
 estant ou ils sont a ce que le messager que le due de sommerset 
 avoit envoie a milord churchill m'a assure. II y a deux heures 
 qu'il est arrive ici et il en est huict du soir ; le lieu ou les enemis 
 sont, s'appelle glastonbury, a moins qu'ils n'ayent marche ce 
 matin ; Ton croit qu'ils l'ont fait et sont alle a wells, de la je ne 
 puis m'imaginer ou ils peuvent aller, les troupes de vostre 
 majeste estant posters comme elles sont. Milord churchill estoit 
 hier au soir a langport comme le messager dit, car je n'ai resceu 
 nulles nouvelles de lui, et je me suis toujours attendu d'en 
 rescevoir aim que je me peusse reigler sur ce qu'il me manderoit; 
 je ne doubte point d'en avoir desmain, langport n'est qu'a huict 
 mille de glastonbury. Oglethorpe estoit ce matin a bruton, ce 
 sont les dernieres nouvelles que j'ay eu de lui, ce n'est qu'a huict 
 milles des ennemis aussi, par lui assurement je scaurai desmain 
 au matin de leurs nouvelles a bath, ou je serai de bon matin, 
 prennant seise gardes et dix grenadiers, pour y aller en diligence, 
 et le reste me suivra, car je n'apprehende rien ici, car si les 
 ennemis y vouloit marcher j'ause vous assurer sire que j'y serai 
 toujours plustost qu'eux avec des trouppes estant a bath. Ce qui 
 me fait remarcher en diligence, e'est de peur qu'ayant appris que 
 j'ay marche" ici, ils peuvent s'imaginer de pouvoir aller droit a 
 l'infanterie qui doit estre desmain a marlborough, avant que je 
 
5 
 
 n'y puisse estre, ce que je ne puis croire, car en arrivant a bath si 
 j'apprens que leurs ruarche tourne de ce coste la, je marcherai 
 incessament avec la cavalerie et les draggons qui sont a bath et 
 joindra l'infanterie a marlborough avant eux assurement, ils 
 pourront peust estre marcher a bradford croiant me couper de 
 mon infanterie, mais je serais tou jours devant eux, par les 
 marches que je fairai. Si vostre majeste le veut regarder sur la 
 carte j'espere que vous voires sire que je ne me trompe point, il a 
 de la milice cavalerie et infanterie de milord pembroke qui devoit 
 venir desmain a bath que je prendrai dans ma marche pour 
 joindre le due de grafton, et milord churchill ne peust que me 
 joindre en les suivant de pres comme il faira assurement. Voila 
 un gentilhomme qui vient de me dire qu'il vit les ennemis hier 
 au soir ou j'ay marque, et qu'aujourdhui ils ont envoie a wells 
 pour y loger ; ils n'ont point de piques a ce qu'ils m'assure, et 
 beaucoup que des batons ou ils ont attache" des faulxs et des bous 
 de fer ; ce seront de bonnes amies quand l'infanterie sera 
 arrivee. Milord pembrook me vient d'envoier pour me faire 
 scavoir qu'un homme qui est venu aujourdhui de parmi eux lui a 
 dit qu'ils parloit de marcher vers londres ; j'advoiie que je croi 
 qu'ils ne scavent de quel coste se tourner. Le due de sommerset 
 vient de m'envoier une lettre de milord churchill dont j 'envoie la 
 copie a vostre majeste, je ne puis me joindre a lui a wells car les 
 ennemis y sont assurement ce soir a ce que m'assure le messager 
 qui a porte sa lettre, mais desque je rescevrai de ses nouvelles je 
 prendrai mes mesures pour le joindre, mais non pas peust estre 
 pour aller si viste, car assurement sire je n'assaderai rien sans 
 l'infanterie de vostre majesty puisqu'elle est si pres, et que la 
 chose est seure si' on l'ause dire; quoi que je puis croire qu'on 
 les pourroint batre sans tant de precaution, mais argile destruit, 
 je ne mettrai pas au hasard d'avoir un malheur qui en pourroit 
 produire d'autres et puist estre trop grands, et j'espere que le bon 
 dieu me faira la grace de ne jamais rien faire tant que je vivrai 
 qui puisse meriter, d'estre blasme de vostre majeste, ni de qui 
 que ce soit avec raison de l'honneur qu'elle me vient de faire, 
 estant sire de vostre majeste le tres humble, tres obeissant et tres 
 fidele subject et serviteur, Fever sham." 
 
 Endorsed: — From Bristol. Holograph, Acknowledged by 
 Sunderland on June 25. See S.P. Dom. Jac. II., Vol. 2, p. 33. 
 
 The Duke of Albemaele to [Lord Sunderland ?] . 
 
 1685, June 25. Taunton. — Incloses information just received 
 from the Mayor of Exeter, [wanting], for his Majesty to see. 
 Will march towards Exeter next morning with all the speed he 
 can. Signed. 
 
 The Same to [the Same?]. 
 
 1685, June 25. Taunton. — Asks for a commission from his 
 Majesty to raise men in Devonshire, which he thinks requisite 
 for the security of that county. Col. Ashton will give particulars 
 of what is necessary. Signed. 
 
The Duke of Albemarle to [Lord Sunderland ?] . 
 
 1685, June 26. Taunton. — Has sent a garrison into Lime 
 (Lyme) and is just now marching towards Exeter. Signed. 
 
 The Same to [the Same?]. 
 
 1685, June 26. Tiverton. — " The inclosed confirmes the French 
 ships being in Torbay. I will use my indeavours to secure them 
 till I have his Majestie's order, and in the meane time have sent to 
 Lime and Plimouth to give notice to such men of warr as shall 
 be found there to saile towards Torbay." Signed. 
 
 Enclosing, 
 
 Richard Annesley and Others to the Duke of Albemarle. 
 
 1685, June 26. Exeter. — The writers are certainly advised 
 that the vessels appearing before Exmouth and Torbay are two 
 French men of war, with ten merchant men under their convoy 
 laden with arms and ammunition from Dunkirke and bound for 
 Ryon. Signed, Rich. Annesley, Pet. Prideaux, Jo. Roth (?), 
 Courtenay Pole, Will. Walrond, James Walker, Hen. Northleigh. 
 
 Earl of Feversham to King James II. 
 
 1685, June 28. Bradford. — " Je suis bien fasche que la relation 
 que je fai a vostre majeste ne soit pas comme je la souhaiterois 
 quoi que je la croi fort bonne, puis que j'empeschai les ennemis 
 de marcher tout hier, et que la perte que nous avont fait est si 
 inconsiderable que je ne l'appelle pas perte, n'ayant eu de tue 
 que sept ou huict hommes et environ trente de blesse" dont il n'i 
 [a] pas un officier dieu merci du nombre. J'ay voulu commencer 
 comme je fai ma relation ne doubtant point que le bruict ne soit 
 alle jusques a londres d'un grand combat et mesme batii puis que 
 je me suis retire le premier, ce que j'ay fait il est vray, mais 
 serois bien fasche de ne l'avoir pas fait, et j'espere que vostre 
 majeste ne m'en blasmera pas, je l'y dirai la verite tout comme 
 elle est. Dans ma derniere lettre a mylord sunderland, datee du 
 26esme de bathe, je marquoisi comme quoi j'avois veu marcher 
 les ennemis en arrivant a bathe droit a un lieu qui s'appelle 
 phillip's norton qui est le chemin de frome, je marchai hier au 
 matin droit a phillip's norton, j'oubliois de dire a vostre majeste 
 que j'avois envoie un parti la nuict avec ordre de voir marcher 
 l'armee des ennemis hier au matin si elle marchoit et de m'en 
 donner advis et de quel coste la teste tournoit, mais celui qui le 
 commendoit se contenta de revenir et de me dire que les gens 
 l'avoit assure qu'ils n'avoient point marche, je ne creu pas qu'on 
 s'eu deu jamais tenir a un oui dire, mais qu'il faloit voir soi 
 mesme, de sorte que je commende d'abort un autre parti pour la 
 mesme chose, qui alia comme je l'y avoit dit et se fist tirer, mais 
 comme j'estoit dans ma marche et mesme si advancee que 
 l'advangarde qui ne doubtoit point de battre les ennemis s'ils les 
 
7 
 
 trouvoint avoit marche si vistes et si presses les uns sur les 
 autres qu'ils estoint dans l'entree du lieu jusques dans les haijes, 
 ou il y avoit une bariere ou je fis faire halte, le parti que j'avois 
 envoie avec ordre de se faire tirer s'il y avoit des troupes, mais 
 comme ce ne fust de deux ou trois coups, je dis a milord 
 churchill de faire advance une compagnie de grenadier pour voir 
 ce que c'estoit. J'avois oublie de dire a vostre majeste que 
 j'avois commende cinq cent mousquetaires et les dragons pour 
 marcher a la teste, estant un pais fort couvert, les cinq com- 
 pagnies de grenadier estoint dans le nombre des cinq cents 
 mousquetaires, les grenadiers a cheval avoit la teste de tout, le 
 due de grafton commendoit le destachement qui s'y est comporte 
 avec une fort grande valeur, et tellement que je le priai de ne le 
 vouloir plus faire, car tout de bon c'estoit trop, mais que pourtant 
 c'estoit fort bien de l'avoir fait une fois. Comme il revint a la 
 barriere ou j'estois, il estoit fort essoufle et avec raison, car il 
 alia a la teste de la compagnie des grenadiers du regiment des 
 gardes qu'il commende dont hauley en est capitaine, qui alia 
 jusques a l'entree du village ou il trouva un fort grand feu; 
 comme je vis que la chose estoit tout de bon et que ce qui avoit 
 marche estoit seurement en grand danger, je commendai les 
 grenadiers a cheval de passer la barriere et de favoriser leurs 
 retraite voyant bien qu'il la falloit faire, et en mesme temps 
 commendai de couler des mousquetaires le long des haijes, ce fust 
 la la barriere ou Ton me dit que le due de grafton estoit en 
 danger ; je fis doubler le pas aus grenadiers a cheval qui avoit 
 desja passe la barriere, et ils vindrent si a propos qu'il y avoit un 
 asses gros corps de cavalerie qui venoit par un autre chemin pour 
 les couper mais qui s'arresterent et mesme se retirerent fort 
 viste devant les grenadiers ; il y avoit desja une troupe qui avoit 
 coupe le due de grafton, et les vingt maistre qui avoit pousse les 
 premiers, c'estoit un mareschal de logis d'oxfort qui les commen- 
 doint, le mesme homme qui estoit a cette affaire aupres de 
 taunton, qui voyant le due de grafton dans ce danger l'y offrit 
 son cheval, qui ne le voulut pas prendre, mais trouva un autre 
 cheval qui estoit blesse je croi, car quand il revint a la barriere 
 le cheval boitoit. Comme je vis que le clue de grafton 
 estoit revenu et que les grenadiers a cheval n'estoint point 
 pousse, je vis bien que ce n'estoit pas une si grosse affaire 
 qu'elle pouvoit estre, car les dragons et la cavalerie e'estoint 
 tellement presses les uns sur les autres que je ne scai ce 
 qui seroit arrivee s'ils estoint sortis par quelque autre endroit sur 
 nous. Voyant cela je ne songe plus qu'a les mettre. en estast de 
 n'estre pas batu, et les fis retirer les uns apres les autres et sans 
 montrer trop qu'ils n'estoint pas bien, de peur de les effrayer en 
 cas que les ennemis vinssent. Mylord churchill demeura a 
 la barriere avec l'infanterie pour arrester ce qui viendroit de ce 
 coste la, cependant que je mettrois la cavalerie ou je la croiois 
 mieux, que estoit sur une auteur derriere nous a la portee du 
 mousquet ou je la mis en battaille. Mylord churchill revint avec 
 l'infanterie sans qu'elle fust pousee, car je fis tou jours demeurer 
 les trois esquadrons des gardes, ayant separe le destachement en 
 
s 
 
 trois troupes, la ou ils estoint dabort seulement un peu enlargis 
 pour favoriser l'infanterie en cas qu'on la voulu pousser, ce qu'ils 
 ne firent point. Le reste de nostre infanterie ni le canon n'estoint 
 point encore arrive" s, j 'envoy e a l'infanterie d'advancer et mesme 
 avant le canon, ce qu'elle fist, je la fis mettre en bataille sur la 
 auteur ou la cavalerie estoit et mis la cavalerie derriere et sur 
 une aile, l'autre estant couverte par des hayes et fosses, et la nous 
 demeurames pour voir si nous entreprendrions quelque chose 
 d'advantage. Le canon n'estoit point encore venu, ce n'estoit 
 pourtant pas manque de soin de m r shiers que je trouve fort 
 diligent en tout, mais les chemins fort meschants ; des que le 
 canon fust arrivee je leur fis donner quelques volees qui les 
 inquietoint fort, ils nous repondirent un peu apres que le nostre 
 eust tire, de deux fort petites pieces je croi de deux livres, une 
 heure apres ils en eurent deux autres un peu meilleures mais fort 
 inconsiderables ; je croiois une fois demeurer la devant eux toute 
 la nuict, mais nous eumes une fort grancle pliiyes qui nous auroit 
 fort incommode n'ayant point de tentes, de sortes que je jugai 
 avec l'opinion des colonels qu'assurement le mieux que nous 
 pourrions faire ce seroit de marcher, ce que nous fismes ; je 
 donnai ordre au mareschal de logis de l'armee qui est capitaine 
 coliford de qui je me sers pour cela, d'aller au logement, et que 
 j'estois resolu de venir ici, qui est un lieu qu'on appelle bradford 
 ou m r - hall, beaufrere de feu m r - thomas thin, qui n'est pas des 
 mieux affectiones comme vostre majeste scait, a une fort jolie 
 maison ou Ton m'a loge, mais avec le contentement de ceux qui 
 out soin de la maison, et mesme je leurs ai dit moi mesme que 
 tout ce qu'on prendroit seroit paye, c'est la maison ou il demeure 
 ordinairement. Je me suis mis ici par ce que c'est a portee et 
 pour londres et pour bristol, et pour l'artillerie que j'ay fait 
 marcher hier de marlborough a un lieu qui se nomme devizes 
 qui est a sept milles d'ici, je ne marche point d'aujourdhui a moins 
 d'une necessite, car les troupes ont eu une fort rude journee hier 
 car il estoit honse [i.e., onze] du soir du soir (sic) avant que mon 
 arriere garde n'arriva, et vostre majeste scait que cavalerie ni 
 infanterie n'a pas eu un jour de repos despuis que je suis parti 
 de londres, et voici le neuviesme jour; la cavalerie que j'ay eu avec 
 moi n'a pas eu trop de repos ce n'est pas que jusques a hier, elle 
 estoit en fort bon estat, un jour de repos la remettra asses bien, 
 je regleray ma marche selon les advis que j'aurai de celle des 
 ennemis ; desque j'eus resolu de marcher hier de devant les 
 ennemis je destache Oglethorpe avec quatre vingt chevaus ou 
 draggons, pour aller scavoir des nouvelles si les ennemis 
 marchoint aussi bien que moi, ce qu'ils firent, car Oglethorpe 
 revint hier au soir apres minuict, qui me rapporta que les 
 ennemis marchoint droit a frome ; je l'ay renvoie ce matin avec 
 le mesme parti, et l'y ai donne ordre de prendre cinquante maistre 
 de la milice de milord pembrook qui est sur son chemin a un lieu 
 qu'on appelle troubridg, et de la il s'en ira vers frome pour me 
 faire scavoir des nouvelles, et la dessus je me regleirai. Oglethorpe 
 
 * This word evidently puzzled Lord Feversham . Three attempts are crossed out. 
 
9 
 
 rencontra un homme qui venoit hier de philips norton 
 qui estoit dans le lieu tout le temps que j'estois devant eux, illui 
 dit que l'armee des ennemis avoit commence a marcher quand 
 j 'arrive et qu'incontinent tout revint, je croi qu'il n'avoit pas 
 marche fort loin, s'il l'avoit fait (j'entends le due de monmouth) 
 il est vray que son canon ne tira que plus de deux heures apres que 
 nous feumes arrive, il nous fist paroistre quatre drapeaux blancs, 
 et un bataillon avec des piques, mais le tout couvert de hayes ; 
 il eust dabort des pionniers, car il fist travailler ou estoit son 
 canon, de quoi j'estois fort aise, car j'estois seur qu'il ne m'avoit 
 point desrobe sa marche, car je crois qu'il ne voudroit pas laisser 
 son canon derriere. II ne me parut qu'un homme sur un cheval 
 blanc qui se remiioit plus que les autres ; parker m'assure qu'il 
 vit le due de monmouth qui vint nous regarder comme nous 
 marchions ils n'estoint que cinq, cela me fait croire qu'ils 
 marchoint en mesme temps, ce qui s'accorde avec Oglethorpe. 
 Vahune [Vaughan] m'assure qu'il tiia capitaine matheus quand 
 je fis advancer les grenadiers. Si le due de monmouth marche vers 
 bridgwatter, et je croi dans quel lieu qu'il marche, il me seroit de 
 la derniere necessite d'avoir des tentes ; si j'en avois je suis seur 
 qu'il ne dureroit pas six jours, et sans cela il me faut reigler par 
 les vilages ou je puis loger ; je croiois qu'elles estoint veniies avec 
 le due de grafton, j'espere que vostre majeste ne trouvera pas 
 mauvais que mylord d'artmouth m'en envoie en toute diligence, 
 car si je n'en ai point je suis assure que je pourroisfort bien estre 
 blasme de ne pas finir la chose vitement, car sire si j 'avois des 
 tentes je m'irois camper a un demi mille de lui, et comme cela il 
 n'auseroit jamais marcher, et n'auroit point de provision, au lieu 
 que comme je suis il me faut toujours estre a trois ou quatres 
 milles de lui pour le plus pres, et [il] est toujours en estast 
 d'aller presque ou il voudra, ou bien de m'arrester dans le 
 moindre vilage du monde et puis de s'en aller quand il voudra, 
 ce qui peust paroistre au monde un peu extraordinaire, de le 
 laisser subsister si longtemps, je croi bien qu'avec les trouppes 
 que j'ay je le battrai partout mais pourquoi hasarder d'honestes 
 gens quand assurement out le peust ruiner autrement, et fort 
 aisement, je supplie tres humblement vostre majeste de me 
 pardonner de la presser comme je fai, mais e'est qu'il paroistra 
 fort extraordinaire qu'on aye l'honneur de commender vos troupes 
 contre une compagnie de vagabons, qui se moquerons de lui. 
 major ramsey m'a rendu la lettre que vostre majeste m'a fait 
 l'honneur de m'escrire, je suis confus de tant d'honneur qu'elle 
 me fait, je tascherai a le pouvoir meriter, si j'ay nouvelles que le 
 due de monmouth soit a frome, et qu'il montre qu'il croit estre la 
 en seurete, je le dis par advance a vostre majeste que je croi 
 qu'il est assure qu'il vaut mieux ne le point tant presser, car e'est 
 un lieu tout ouvert, jusques a ce que les tentes viennent, de peur 
 qu'il n'aille marcher vers bridgwater, ou dans quelque autre 
 endroit qui nous donnera plus de poine. Par la lettre de vostre 
 majeste vous me commendes de prendre garde a londres et a 
 bristol ; je croi que si je ne le presse pas presentement, mais 
 destacher milord churchill pour se mettre sur le chemin de 
 
10 
 
 bristol et moi sur celui de londres, mais pourtant a portee de se 
 joindre Fun a l'autre si nous pouvons trouver des vilages propres, 
 je marcherai toujours desmain pour me mettre a portee de l'un 
 et de l'autre, s'il ne marche pas lui mesme avant, ce que je 
 scaurai par Oglethorpe. Je ne scai ce que je fairai touchant major 
 ramsey et colonel conon* car n'entendant rien dire de ramsey le 
 jour que je devois joindre l'infanterie je prie conon de faire la 
 charge qui estoit destinee pour l'autre, et il estoit en possesion 
 quand il arriva, je l'ay dit a ramsey je croi que ce que vostre 
 majeste pourroit faire la dessus c'est de renvoier chercher conon 
 par ce que son regiment doit revenir d'hollande, qui est une bonne 
 raison, je fai faire a m r - harpe le destail de la cavalerie, m r shales 
 venant et l'artillerie estant dans l'ordre ou elle est, je ne 
 manque qu'un capitaine de charois que me seroit absolument 
 necessaire, je fairai toujours du mieux qu'il me sera possible ; je 
 suis si long que j'ay peur que vostre majeste ne me trouvera 
 enniiiens mais j'espere qu'elle me pardonnera, ne le faisant que 
 pour scavoir les intentions de vostre majeste, qui seront executees 
 avec toute la ponctualite imaginable par la personne du monde 
 qui est et sera toute sa vie avec toute la soumission imaginable, 
 etc." Holograph. Answered by Sunderland on June 29. S.P. 
 Dom. Jac. II., Vol. 2, p. 42. 
 
 Earl of Feversham to King James II. 
 
 [1685] , June 30. — " A quatres heures du matin. A Westbury. 
 Je me donnai l'honneur d'escrire a vostre majeste avant hier de 
 bradfort ou je sejourne ce jour la, hier au matin je marchai droit 
 ici qui est a trois milles de warmister ou les ennemis avoint 
 envoie marquer leurs cartiers, mais ils changerent de resolution 
 dans leurs marche comme je suis informe par touts les ad vis que 
 j'ay, et mesme estant arrive ici j'envoyai une ordre au conetables 
 de warmister, scachant qu'il ni estoit pas (j'entends le due de 
 monmouth), de presser tous les chevaux qu'ils pourroint, ils 
 dirent aus gardes que j'avois envoie qu'ils obeiroint, et confirmer- 
 ent que les ennemis avoint envoie marquer leurs cartiers, mais 
 qu'ils avoint contremande leurs marescheaux de logis, et ils ont 
 marche a ce qu'on m'assure a shepton mallet, je vai marcher 
 droit a frome et les suivre le plus pres que je pourrai, j'espere 
 que presentement si jamais je les puis joindre que je ne les 
 quitterai plus, ayant des tentes qui estoint avec l'artillerie. Je 
 demande pardon a vostre majeste de l'y avoir escrit comme je lis 
 dans ma derniere lettre sur le subject des tentes ; powey, le 
 commissaire que j 'envoie chercher hier me rendit conte de ce qui 
 estoit venu, ce qui est tout ce que je pouvois souhaiter et dans la 
 meilleure methode qu'il se puisse, m r - shiers rend un conte 
 particulier a milord d'armouth de ce que j'ay laisse dans le lieu 
 qui s'appelle devizes ayant eu peur que le canon que je n'ai pas 
 fait venir fust trop pesant ; c'est pourquoi je le renvoie a reading, 
 ne le voulant pas laisser si advance qu'il estoit, et surtout n'ayant 
 
 * Alexander Oannon, colonel of one of the three English regiments in the 
 Dutch service. 
 
11 
 
 que cle la milice pour le garder, j'envoie tin regiment de la 
 milice d'hamshir et une compagnie de cavalerie pour marcher 
 avec le canon jusques a reading et la, rescevoir les ordres que 
 vostre majeste leur voudra envoier, je suis si lasse de la milice 
 et sont si incommode que je renvoie ce matin trois regiments de la 
 milice d'hamshier, un au devizes, et les deux autres a salsbury, 
 ils estoint hier en grande desordre, a ce qu'on m'a dit ce matin. 
 Je ne croi pas que les ennemis nous puisse battre quoi que nous 
 aurons fort peu d'infanterie, mais du moins j'en suis assure, et 
 estant pres des ennemis comme je pretens m'approcher s'ils se 
 mutinoint ce me seroit d'une fort grande consequence, car je 
 serois oblige peust estre a les charger comme ennemis ; la milice 
 de dorcetshier non pas par la mesme raison mais par ce qu'ils 
 ont este tout le temps avec milord churchill et que les marches 
 les tourmente fort, j'ay fait un ordre pour qu'ils s'en retournent 
 dans leur pais pour tenir toutes choses en paix pour le service de 
 vostre majeste ; quand ils seront partis je n'aurai plus que milord 
 pembrook avec la milice de wilshier, la cavalerie d'oxfortshier 
 dont la compagnie de m r - bartlee [Berkeley] est sans raillerie foit 
 belle, et un regiment d'hamshier commende par un nomme 
 m r - fleming, que je laisse ici aujourdhui, ayant marche toute la 
 nuict avec le canon que j'ay fait marcher pour me joindre, je ne 
 conte rien sur la milice que pour dire qu'elle marche, comme j'escris 
 a vostre majeste. Voila une de mes intelligences qui revient et 
 qui m'assure que les ennemis ne commencerent qu'a marcher asses 
 tard hier et que leurs cavalerie estoit allee jusques a shepton 
 mallet et comme il s'explique que l'infanterie estoit demeuree pres 
 de quatres milles derriere, si cela est, ils ont pris Vespaviante 
 assurement ; cet advis s'accorde avec un autre homme que 
 j'envoie deux fois hier, qui s'appelle baylie et qui est dans l'excis 
 et que sir steephen fox cognoist fort, et qui m'a rendu conte fort 
 exactement de toutes choses, c'est pourquoi je ne puis doubter de 
 leur marche ; je prens avec moi cet homme, car il cognoist le 
 pais ; je l'y ai promis de le faire scavoir a sir steephen fox, et que 
 vostre majeste scauroit les bons services qu'il nous rend. Comme 
 je n'estois pas absolument assure de la marche d'hier des 
 ennemis, j'avois fait marcher les grenadiers a cheval et touts les 
 dragons pour bristol, mais je les ai contremende sur les advis 
 que j'ay eu, j'ay des partis pour me porter des nouvelles 
 incessament, je marche droit a frome et selon ce que j'apprendrai 
 je marcherai peust estre plus avant, milord fitsharding que j'ay 
 laisse a bathe a pris le plus grand soin du monde de m'envoier 
 des vivres de toute maniere, et avec une fort grande diligence. 
 Je le renvoie de phillips norton a nostre belle affaire, ou je trouve 
 que nous avons perdu quels hommes plus [que] je ne croiois et 
 sur tout de la compagnie d'auley [Hawley] qui fust la seule qui 
 s'advanca, car je ne voulu point du tout engager l'affaire. Je vis 
 un homme hier qui m'assure que le due de monmouth presche 
 souvent et que tout son discour n'est autre chose, quelqu'un m'a 
 assure que ludlow est avec lui. Si nous n'acchevons pas l'affaire 
 fort tost je supplie vostre majeste de m'envoier de l'infanterie ; si 
 celle d'hollande estoit arrivee elle vaudroit mieux que tout autre, 
 
12 
 
 j'espere fort pourtant que s'il demeure en quelque endroit que ce 
 soitjjque nous finirons l'affaire fort tost avec ce que j'ay seulement. 
 Les six bataillons que j'ay ne font pas deux mille hommes, 
 dunbarton fait le sixieme je ne l'ay pas encore veu, estant venu, 
 avec le canon, et je le laisse reposer ici deux heures. J'espere 
 que vostre majeste me pardonnera de l'y escrire comme je fai, et 
 si a la haste que tout bon je ne scai si vostre majeste pourra lire 
 mes lettres, mais c'est qu'a ditte [i.e., dieter a] un autre homme 
 a escrire n'est pas fort commode, et il me semble qu'on oublie 
 toujours quelques choses. Je ne dirai autre chose me reposant 
 sur le bonte et charite que vostre majeste a pour moi, en 
 excusant mes fautes que je ne commettrai assurement jamais 
 que par ignorance, je prens la liberte de ne mettre que mon 
 nom . ' ' Holograph . 
 
 The Duke of Albemarle to [Lord Sunderland ?] 
 
 [1685, June.] — " Spyes who came this day hither from 
 Monmouth's army doe informe me that it is the generall discourse 
 among the rebells that they will march directly for London if 
 possible, and they are now in the direct road thither." 
 Fragment. 
 
 The Duke of Beaufort to [Lord Sunderland ?] 
 
 [1685, June.] — Respecting the two ships ordered to be 
 fitted out under Sir William Poole and Capt. Elmer. "We 
 have news heere that parte of his Majesties army has overtaken 
 the reere of the rebells, if so I do not doubt but this poste will 
 bring the King an accompt of an entire victory over them ; for 
 'tis impossible if they reach them, but they must beate them." 
 
 Monmouth's Army. 
 
 1685, July 2. — An order to the high constable of Whitleigh to 
 summon all the carpenters within the hundred, and 190 labourers, 
 with spades, wheelbarrows, &c, &c, to Bridgwater to be employed 
 on " his Majesty's" business. Also to summon the inhabitants 
 of the said hundred to bring in " with all speed imajonable," 
 such corn, provisions and cattle " as can be spared at a reason- 
 able price without present destruction and ruine to the inhabi- 
 tants of the said hundred . . . upon pain of being treated 
 as enemies." Signed : Richard Goodenough. 
 
 Lord Feversham's March. 
 
 [7 [1685, June 20-July 6.] — A paper without heading or signa- 
 ture, describing Lord Feversham's progress from the date of his 
 leaving London to the close of the battle of Sedgemoor. " On 
 Saturday, 20th June, '85, the Earle of Feversham his Majestie's 
 Lieutenant Generall with 150 guards and 60 granadeers, marcht 
 
 * For the King's orders concerning these ships, see Lord Sunderland's letter, 
 S.P. Dom. Jac. II., Vol. II., p. 26. 
 
13 
 
 from London to Maidenhead and the next day sent Collonell 
 Oglethorp with a party of 50 guards and granadeers by Andover 
 and Warminster to find out the Duke of Monmouth's forces, and 
 marcht himselfe that night to Newbery leaving one troop of my 
 Lord Oxford's and two troops of Dragoons a day's march behind. 
 The day following my lord marcht to Chipnam and on Tuesday 
 the 23rd about noone into Bristoll where he spent that afternoon 
 with the Dukes of Beaufort and Somersett viewing the city. 
 
 " On Wednesday, 24th, before 4 in the morning my Lord 
 Feversham marcht from Bristoll to Bath where the troop of my 
 Lord Oxford and two troops of Dragoones met him, and having 
 received from Collonell Oglethorp (who came in for a recruit, 
 some of his men by mistake retiring to Bath) an account that 
 the Bebbells lay the last night at Shipton-mallett, he despatcht 
 Collonell Oglethorp back with 40 fresh horse (and Capt. Talbots 
 militia Troop) to his party at Phillips-norton to observe the 
 Enemies march, and in the afternoone rid out himselfe towards 
 Phillips-norton where from the market people we heard that a 
 small party of the Duke of Monmouth's horse had that day at 
 Frome proclaimed him King and fixed up their Proclamation in 
 the market place, which my Lord Pembroke with some of his 
 militia pull'd down the day following and put up the King's 
 Proclamation in its place, although above a thousand inhabitants 
 of that towne and W r arminster were in armes to oppose him. 
 
 " About 12 at night came intelligence from Collonell Ogle- 
 thorpe that the Duke of Monmouth with his army were at 
 Pensford, within 6 myles of Bristoll, which made my Lord 
 Feversham march back the horse under his command with great 
 expedition from Bath into Bristoll, and between 4 and 5 in the 
 morning drew them out into a meadow near the South gate of 
 the City (ordering all the ditches towards the road to be levelled) , 
 where we had frequent allarums of a party of the Duke of 
 Monmouth's horse he had sent on the direct road to Bristoll, 
 while himself with the maine body marcht over Cansham 
 [Keynsham] bridge (which he had made up the night before) in 
 order to attack Bristoll or pass for Gloster. 
 
 " But hearing that my Lord Feversham was got before him 
 into Bristoll, and that his foot in Cansham Towne were attackt, 
 as they thought, by my Lord Churchill's army that followed them, 
 tho' it was only Collonell Oglethorpe's party (with one Troop of 
 my Lord Oxford's commanded by Collonell Windham, and Capt. 
 Talbot's militia Troop whom Collonell Oglethorpe left at the 
 enterance of the towne to make good their retreat) the Duke of 
 Monmouth returned immediately back with his horse over the 
 bridge to relieve his horse and foot in Cansham Towne, through 
 whom Capt. Parker first charged with about 30 granadeers and 
 after him Collonell Oglethorp. 
 
 " The party which he had sent to Capt. Parker's reliefe missing 
 their way, Collonell Oglethorp with 4 volunteers and 25 of the 
 guards, to favour Capt. Parker's retreat, charged through some 
 foot and about 200 of their horse that were endeavouring to cutt 
 off Capt. Parker, whom he brought off safe with the losse only 
 
11 
 
 of 4 men on our side (who were carried .away by the enemies 
 horse in the crowd) and two of Capt. Parker's killed on the 
 place, and of the Eebbells 15 they owne, but we believe more, 
 many being dismounted in the charge. 
 
 " This disappointment and allarum broke all their measures 
 and prevented them from attacking Bristoll or passing for 
 Glouster, and forced them to keep their horse in the meadow 
 and foot in the towne, at their armes till midnight, and in the 
 dead of the night marcht away on the south side of the river 
 towards Bath and halted upon the side of a hill above the towne, 
 which they required by a trumpet to surrender. The towne 
 refusing, they marcht towards Phillips-norton while my Lord 
 Feversham was marching with the King's forces on the north 
 side of the river back into Bath, where the Duke of Grafton with 
 the foot, and my Lord Churchill with the forces under his com- 
 mand joynd us. 
 
 " On Saturday, 27th of June, in the morning, my Lord 
 Feversham drew all his forces out of Bath (it being the first 
 tyme they met) into a meadow near the towne, and from thence 
 marcht with most of his horse, all the Dragoons, and a detach- 
 ment of 500 musqueteers commanded by the Duke of Grafton 
 and Leiutenant Collonell Kirk, towards Phillips-norton, the rest 
 of our foot, cannon, and some horses following, and on the way 
 meeting with an imperfect account of the rebbelles from a small 
 party of ours sent out the last night, my Lord commanded our 
 advanct party to march directly to Phillips-norton to find them 
 out, who returned to my Lord with an account that they heard 
 the rebbells were in the towne marching or preparing to march. 
 My Lord being unsatisfied with that hearsay account, commanded 
 them not to return till they had been shott att that he might 
 certainly know where they were, intending only to fall on their 
 rear and interrupt their march. But one of the party 
 returning with an account that the body of their army were in 
 the village, and that our party were engaged, Capt. Hawly with 
 . 45 granadeers was commanded downe (with whome the Duke of 
 Grafton went in person) who marcht to their barricado in the 
 towne, though the walls near the village were lined with the 
 enemy, where both parties fired smartly at one another. This 
 caused a party of our horse granadeers to be sent downe to their 
 releife under the command of Capt. Parker and Capt. Vaughan 
 who were followed by some musqueteers under the command of 
 Capt. Kupert. 
 
 "The Eebbells by this tyme had brought both horse and foot 
 into the Lane as well as the feilds and passages that led to it, so 
 that the Duke of Grafton, Capt. Hawley and their men were 
 forced to charge with their bajonets through the enemy's foot 
 and horse till they met with passages into the feilds, by which 
 they retreated, our horse and horse granadeers forcing their way 
 directly through the Lane. In the meanwhile my Lord Churchill 
 by my Lord Feversham's order, having secured the mouth of the 
 Lane with his Dragoons and lyned the hedges on each side with 
 foot, my Lord Feversham drew his horse up in Battaill in an 
 
15 
 
 open ground that joyned to the Lane and there commanded my 
 Lord Churchill to come off with the foot and Dragoons. The 
 rest of our foot together with the Somersetshire, Dorsetshire and 
 Oxfordshire Militia, commanded by my Lord Fitzharding, Sir 
 William Portman, Collonel Stranguidge [Strangridge] and Capt. 
 Bartue [Barton] , as they came in were drawne up and posted 
 to the best advantage while our canon which were planted on 
 the left hand of the way play'd on the Bebells, who having 
 brought theirs behind a hedge by the mouth of the Lane, with 
 horse and foot to defend it, both plaid upon one another for 
 divers howers in the raine, killing some men on both sides. 
 
 " The ground being wett, and our Armes too, by the abundance 
 of Raine that fell that day prevented my Lord Feversham from 
 encamping there that night as he intended, and having then no 
 tents, about 4 in the evening drew off in order, without any 
 interruption from the enemy, and marcht that night for Brad- 
 ford after he had taken care of the wounded men and sent 
 Collonell Oglethorp with a party of 100 horse to observe the 
 enemies motion. 
 
 " We lost in this dayes action 20 men and some horses, and 
 we have reason to conclude by the number of the dead buried 
 there, the Rebells lost more, who that night after we were gon 
 marcht away from Frome. We lay all Sunday in Bradford to 
 cleare our armes and recover the fategue of the foregoing 
 day. 
 
 " The next morning, being Munday the 29th we marcht to 
 Westbury, upon notice from Collonell Oglethorpe that the Duke 
 of Monmouth was going for Warminster, where my Lord 
 Feversham intended to have attackt him, having sent for his 
 cannon and morter from the Devize to meet him with a 
 Bataillon of my Lord Dunbarton's foot which came next morning 
 according to order, and joyn'd him, but the Duke of Monmouth 
 upon intelligence of our march that day, changed his for Shipton- 
 mallett. 
 
 " From Westbury, on Tuesday 30th, we marcht to Frome with 
 the rest of our Artillery and 18 pieces of Canon, where we 
 rested all Wednesday, and having then tents, encampt our Foot 
 at the uper end of the towne in order to march the next day to 
 Shipton-mallett which we did. 
 
 " From Shipton-mallett the day following, being the 3rd of 
 July, we marcht by Glastonbury to Somerton, from thence spyes 
 were immediately sent into Bridgewater who returned with an 
 account that the Rebells were in the Towne, and had made a 
 barricado on the Bridge, planted 2 pieces of their cannon att the 
 Cross, 2 in the Castle, and one at the Southgate. Warrants 
 were likewise issued to all the Constables and Tithing-men to 
 bring in Provisions to His Majestie's Camp, and to forbid all 
 people upon paine of being proceeded against as Rebbells, from 
 carrying any to the enemies. 
 
 " Two parties were likewise sent out, one of 100 horse, the 
 other of 30, who attended the most part of the next day within 
 sight of Bridgwater, and my Lord Feversham himselfe also rid out 
 
16 
 
 into the Moor to se the ground and villages where he designed to 
 march the next day with his army. 
 
 " And on Sunday morning, being the 5th of July, marcht from 
 Somerton along Sedg-moore towards Bridgwater, with a designe 
 to encamp at Midlesey, but Collonell Kamsey who was sent 
 before to set out the ground, found a more convenient place by 
 Weston within 3 myles of Bridgwater, where my Lord Feversham, 
 after he had viewed the ground, ordered our foot to encamp, 
 behind a convenient ditch that runs from Weston into the Moor, 
 which they did in one lyne, leaving room between their tents 
 and the ditch to draw up. 
 
 " On the left of our foot were our canon, fronting the great road 
 that comes from Bridgwater to Weston, and in the village which 
 was covered by our Camp, were our Horse and Dragoons quartered. 
 
 " My Lord Feversham having sent Capt. Coy's Troop of 
 Dragoones off the Moor to secure a pass over the river at Barrow 
 bridge, and seen his horse quartered in the village, rid out again 
 to se our grand and out Guards sett, and having notice from 
 stragling people that the Duke of Monmouth had drawne his 
 forces out of Bridgwater into a meadow that joyned to the towne, 
 my Lord sent away Collonell Oglethorp with a party of horse to 
 the top of a hill on the road from Bridgwater to Bristoll, fearing 
 they would in the night pass that way, and in the evening gave 
 orders for 100 horse and 50 Dragoones to be posted on the right 
 of our camp against a way that goes round by Chedzy towards 
 Bridgwater and that all the rest of the horse in the village should 
 be ready saddled and bridled. 
 
 " About 11 at night my Lord Feversham rid through our camp 
 visiting the centrys together with the grand and out guards, 
 which were posted as followeth — 
 
 " On the great road that comes from Bridgwater to Weston 
 was our grand-guard of 40 horse, under the command of Capt. 
 Upcott, before him centryes, and in the Lane between them and 
 Bridgwater, patrolls. To the right of our camp and against the 
 way from Bridgwater round by Chedzy was a guard of 100 horse 
 and 50 dragoons, commanded by Major Compton, before them an 
 advanct party, from them centrys, and between them on the way 
 towards Bridgwater, patrolls. Between those two guards came 
 a middle but narrow way from Bridgwater into the Moor, which 
 was guarded by 50 musqueteers, in Pitzy-pound, wal'd man high, 
 to which our horse on the left were ordered to retreat in case of 
 necessity. 
 
 " All the wayes from Bridgwater to our camp and between us 
 and the Kebells being thus guarded, and not hearing from 
 Collonell Oglethorp (who was on the road between Bridgwater 
 and Bristoll) my Lord Feversham returned to the village a 
 quarter before one. 
 
 " About a quarter after one came Sir Hugh Middleton with 
 one of Collonell Oglethorp's party to let my Lord know that he 
 could not perceive the least motion of the enemy, and therefore 
 resolved to march directly towards the towne of Bridgwater, untill 
 he mett with some account of them. In the mean while the 
 
17 
 
 Rebells by the help of the night marcht undiscovered about a 
 myle up Bristoll Road, turned off on their right hand and came 
 round by Chedzy towards the Moor where we were encamped, so 
 that Collonell Oglethorp in his inarch towards Bridgwater fell 
 behind them and got no intelligence of them, but from the 
 centrys they had left in the towne, from whome they understood 
 their army were marcht, which made Collonell Oglethorp take 
 the next and middle way to the Moor. 
 
 " Our patrols in the meanwhile apprehending the approach of 
 the enemie's vanguard immediately gave notice to our advanct 
 party, and they to our guard of 150 horse under the command of 
 Sir Francis Compton, from whome both our foot that were 
 encampt and the horse in the village took the allarum. My 
 Lord Feversham himselfe hearing the first sound of the trumpet 
 rid directly to the camp, where he found the foot at their armes 
 in a lyne by the Ditch side over which he commanded not a man 
 to stir without order. 
 
 " By this time Sir Francis Compton and the enemy's vanguard 
 met, who chancelled one another, and upon a carbine of ours 
 that went off by accident, the Rebells fired, who upon Sir 
 Francis Compton's fire, returned immediatly to their main body. 
 Sir Francis being shot in the breast, Capt. Sands commanded, 
 who soon met with a body of the enemy's horse marching 
 towards him, which Capt. Sands tooke at first for our militia, but 
 finding his mistake immediatly charged and broke them, and 
 then retreated with his hors towards our camp, himselfe and 
 divers of his men being wounded. 
 
 " How neare the main body of their horse, commanded by my 
 Lord Grey (who passt first into the Moor) # came to our camp we 
 know not, nor can certainly learne, it being darke. But a party 
 of their horse did come up, and one of them commanded Capt. 
 Berkly to come over the Ditch to the Generall, whome he found 
 after some discource to belong to the enemy, and fired. This 
 fire from our foot, we conclude, with the repulse given them by 
 Sir Francis Compton and Capt. Sands, broak and disordered all 
 their horse, because we perceived them afterwards on the 
 left of their foot in great confusion, endeavouring to forme, 
 but could not, while two Batalions of their foot (before 
 whom they were designed to charge), came up within halfe 
 musquet shot of our camp, but they having past through a 
 defile where but few could go abreast, were forced to halt a 
 considerable tyme, to draw up themselves and their other three 
 batalions, with their three peces of canon in order. 
 
 "My Lord Feversham upon the first approach of their foot 
 immediately drew Capt. Parker, Capt. Vaughan, Capt. Atherley, 
 and Collonell Villers troops of horse and horse granadeers on 
 the right of the enemies flank, and returning to our camp met 
 Collonell Oglethorp with his party and our out guards on that 
 side that he had brought in. 
 
 " These my Lord Feversham marcht behind our foot to the 
 right of our camp, where he found Collonell Orp at the head of 
 a party of our horse, which with Capt. Littleton's troop, Capt. 
 
 21250 
 
 B 
 
18 
 
 Sande's, Colonell Windham's, and two more troops of my Lord 
 Oxford's, commanded by Lieut. Selby and [Lieut. William] 
 Winde, he drew upp in a body and marcht over the ditch on the 
 left of the enemies forces. Collonell Oglethorp passing over the 
 ditch a little more to the right, mett with a considerable number 
 of the enemy es horse, whom he pusht into the mire and routed 
 (they being in great disorder and confusion were never able 
 to make any great resistance). My Lord Feversham then 
 commanded Colonell Oglethorp to wheele and charge with the 
 rest of our horse on the enemy's flank, giving directions to them 
 all to charge what ere they found before them. 
 
 "In the mean tyme my Lord Churchill having the command 
 of the foot, seeing every man at his post doing his duty, com- 
 manded one troop of his dragoons to march over the ditch 
 between our horse on the left, and our camp, the other two 
 troops being drawne up on the right of the foot under the 
 command of my Lord Cornbury. 
 
 " On the right of the Scotch forces were 3 peeces of our 
 cannon brought up and planted, which did great execution, the 
 rest of our cannon firing through the intervalls of our own 
 troops, our foot keeping their fire till they had received the 
 enemyes, whose great and small shott flew thickest among my 
 Lord Dumbarton's bataillon, and first battaillon of Guards 
 commanded by Lieut. Collonell Douglas and the Duke of Grafton, 
 on whose left were the other two batailons of Guards, Colonel 
 Kirk's batailon, and Capt. Trelany's men, commanded by Major 
 Eaton, Collonell Sackvill, Colonell Kirk, and Lieut. Collonell 
 Churchill. 
 
 "My Lord Feversham returning to our foot ordered Collonell 
 Sacvill to draw his men to the right of the Scotch forces, 
 intending to bring Collonell Kirke's and Trelany's men in their 
 roome. But seeing my Lord Churchill marching with Collonell 
 Kirk's and Trelany's men towards him, he made Collonell 
 Sackvill hault, and returned to the horse, leaving my Lord 
 Churchill to march them to the right. 
 
 " The Eebells by this tyme being very uneasie, our foot and 
 canon fireing on their front while our horse charged them on both 
 sides, my Lord Feversham commanded all the foot to march over 
 the ditch directly to the enemy, upon which two of their batailons 
 which had stood hitherto very well, gave ground in a body, and 
 soon after fled, Capt. Littleton having beaten them from their 
 cannon, which our foot perceiving ran eagerly to possesse them- 
 selves of it, while the Eebells run after the rest of their foot, that 
 had been scowring away for some tyme in the rear in great 
 disorder and confusion, which only our troops next them were 
 sencible off, who durst not pursue them untill 'twas light for 
 fear of being knockt on the head by our owne men, elce but few 
 of them had escaped us, for most of them who did escape were 
 within an hour so disperst that you could not se anywhere ten 
 of their men living. 
 
 "Some straglers there were which our militia pickt up, while 
 my Lord Feversham and my Lord Churchill marcht into 
 
19 
 
 Bridgwater, with some horse and dragoons and 500 foot, whom my 
 Lord left in Bridgwater under the command of Collonell Kirk 
 after my Lord Feversham had sent away Collonell Oglethorp to 
 give his Majesty an account of this happie and great victory, 
 which did not consist in the number slain and taken, (though 
 there were about 14 or 15 hundred kill'd, 200 prisoners, and 22 
 colours taken on the place) but in the total rout and defeate of 
 above 7,000 rebells by the Kings forces which consisted but of 
 700 horse and 1,900 foot. The militia being quartered at 
 Midlesey, 'twas impossible for them to come to our assistance, 
 though they came in good order and made great hast. The 
 Duke of Monmouth had sent his carriages and one peece of 
 canon (which Capt. Atherly with a party of horse took the next 
 da} T ), to Axbridge, on the road to Bristoll, whither he designed to 
 have marcht after he had cutt us off in our quarters, where he 
 intended to have surprised us. But finding himself disappointed, 
 and their horse routed, both my Lord Gray and he stript them- 
 selves of their armour in tyme and fled, leaving most of their 
 foot, especially the two bataillons commanded by Collonell 
 Fookes and Collonell Holmes to be cut in peeces, many of those 
 who did escape being wounded. 
 
 Geoiige Fairchild, Mayor of Barnstaple, to the Duke of 
 
 Albemarle. 
 
 1685, July 7. Barnstaple. — We hear that Captain Thompson, 
 who came over with the late Duke of Monmouth (as his boy, now 
 a prisoner here tells us) with a Major and about fifty horse, 
 came last night to Ilfordcombe, where they lodged, both horses 
 and riders being tired. This morning, leaving their horses, they 
 got aboard a small vessel, and fell down the Channel, but were 
 forced ashore again by a man of war, and it is hoped will soon 
 be secured, as some gentleman are now searching for them. We 
 have taken a person who came from Ilfordcombe and is suspected 
 to be one of the Kebels. " Thompson's boy confesseth that he 
 was att Bridgwater when the fight was, and that his master told 
 him that the late Duke of Monmouth's Cavalry made but one 
 charge against the King's forces, but the Infantry stood about 
 two houres, hee also confesseth that the rebels sustained very 
 great loss, in men about 4,000, with all their cannon." 
 
 Postscrijjt. — Seven more of the rebels are taken. The rest are 
 lurking near the place where they went ashore. 
 
 Earl of Feversham to King James II. 
 
 [1685, July] 8. Wells. — " La nouvelle de la prise du due da 
 monmouth — je ne puis m'empescher de le nommer comme cela 
 quoi qu'assurement personne au monde ne le deteste et le mes- 
 prise plus que je fai — mettra toutes choses dans une si grande 
 tranquillite que je ne scai ce que vostre majeste voudra faire des 
 troupes, j'envoierai demain ordre aus trois bataillons escossois 
 d'aller a devises ou sont les canons, et a la milice de s'en retourner 
 
20 
 
 dies eux, a mains que vostre majeste n'en ordonne autrement, je 
 croi que le plustost qu'on les renvoiera touts ches eux ne sera que 
 le meilleur ; si je ne rescois point d'ordre desmain de votre 
 majeste, je marcherai apres desmain et irai a warmister en un 
 jour avec la cavalerie, et l'infanterie y viendra en deux jours, et 
 la j'attendrai les ordres de vostre majeste touchant les troupes. 
 Je laisserai kirke a bridgwater et deux troupes de dragons jusques 
 a ce que vostre majeste en ordonne autrement. M r rider, qui 
 rendra cette lettre a vostre majeste, a toujours este avec moi, et 
 m'a servi d'aide de camp, et m'a este en toutes choses plus utile 
 que je ne puis dire a vostre majeste, car sans le flatter je n'ai 
 jamais veu un homme de meilleure volonte, ni porter les ordres 
 plus regulierement, soit dans le combat ou ailleurs, je puis dire 
 qu'il ne m'a jamais quitte d'un pas, je supplie tres humblement 
 vostre majeste de l'y temoigner que j'ay pris la liberte de vous 
 en escrire, et que vous en estes content, c'est un garcon de fort 
 bon sens et a qui out (sic) se peut tier ; je n'en vois guere de fai 
 comme lui, je scai bien qui si je servois que je ne cognois 
 personne que j'aimerois mieux avoir aupres de moi pour toutes 
 choses estant bon a tout. Touts les volontaires s'en sont 
 retournes, je leurs y ai conseille, je ne croi pas qu'on puisse 
 jamais trouver des volontaires plus aise a vivre que touts ceux 
 qui estoint dans les trouppes, et s'il y en avoit beaucoup, j'en 
 rendrai conte plus particulierement quand j'aurai Fhonneur de 
 voir vostre majeste ; je la puis assurer que je n'ai jamais oiii la 
 moindre dispute, ni je n'en ai jamais veu pas un, ni officier, de 
 avoir trop beu, qui estoit la chose du monde que j'apprehendois 
 le plus ; je desclare dabort qu'il n'y auroit point de quartier si 
 jamais j'en voyois de soubs, et que c'estoit Fordre de vostre 
 majeste. Je n'envoie point de relation du combat a vostre majeste, 
 le due de monmouth estant pris je croi tout fini, si vous en voules 
 demander des particuliarites je croi que rider en donnera a vostre 
 majeste de fort justes, j'ay creu que le due de grafton s'en 
 pouvoit retourner, je le lui ai dit ceste apres disnee. II partira 
 desmain du matin, il va par bathe, je ne donne conge a pas un 
 officier, a barkley seulement a cause de madame la princesse, qui 
 doit aller a tunnbridge. Je ne dirai autre chose estant avec toute 
 soumission de votre majeste, &c." Holograph. 
 
 The Earl of Pembroke to the King. 
 
 [1685, July 8 ?] Hindon, Wednesday.— " Sire, Eeturning • 
 into my county neer this place I spyed neer four score of the 
 rebels trying to escape, I have taken most of them, there are 
 some Dutch officers, but the principal amongst them is one Kid, 
 he calls himself Sir John Kid (the first and only knight the 
 King of Taunton made), he was Mr. Thin's keeper. I believe 
 by this time most of them are taken who escaped in the rout at 
 Sedgmore, where most were killed, droping their arms and 
 flying into ditches (as I thaut they would ever since I was so 
 fortunate as to see the first example of what they could do when 
 I enter'd Frome). I suppose if it be certain (as I am credibly 
 
21 
 
 informed) that the late Lord Grey and Monmouth be taken here- 
 abouts your Majestie has already an account of it. I hope in a few 
 dayes to wayt on your Majesty to assure you that it shall alwayes 
 be my endeavour to shew myself your Majesty's most dutifull 
 and obedient subject." 
 
 The Earl of Feversham to the Earl of Sunderland. 
 
 [1685, July 9?] — " J'ay resceu aujourdhui les deux lettres 
 que vous m'aves escrite despuis que vous avies eu la nouvelle 
 du bonheur que nous avons eu cl'avoir fait nostre devoir pour le 
 service du roy. Je vous ai mande deux ou trois fois que je 
 vous envoierois le destail du combat, mais presentement, my 
 lord, je croi que c'est un peu trop tard. La deffaite entiere des 
 rebelles paroist asses, dieu merci, par la prise des chef et surtout 
 la maniere qu'ils sont pris le montre asses. Tout ce qu'on 
 peust dire dans la gasete c'est que touts les officiers et soldats 
 assurement ont fait leurs devoirs et ont montre beaucoup de 
 valeur, que le nombre que nous avions n'estoit que six cents 
 chevaux ou draggons et pas plus de dix et huicts cents hommes 
 d'infanterie, et cela sur ma parole ; que les prisonniers 
 m'assurent que les ennemis estoint cinq milles hommes, et je 
 croi qu'ils disent vray. Je ne crois que nous ayons perdu 
 cinquante hommes de tues sur la place, et pres de deux cents de 
 blesses; il n'i a eu qu'un enseigne de tue, deux capitaines, six 
 lieutenants et six enseignes cle blesses, et quelques voluntaires 
 dont mylord dunblany en est un, mais si legerement qu'il a 
 toujours este a cheval. Un nomme St. George Test aussi 
 legerement ; Sashfeild [Sarsfield] Test en plusieurs endroits mais 
 pas mortelement. L'on m'assure que les ennemis en ont eu mille 
 de tues, et pres de trois cents de prisonniers du despuis Ton en 
 prend partout. Le bataillon de Dunbarton a perdu plus que 
 pas un, en ayant eu trente de tues et soixante et dix et sept de 
 blesses, tant officiers que soldats. Je n'envoierai point d'ordres 
 a pas une des trouppes qui marchoint de ce coste ici puisque 
 vous m'aves mande que le roy leur y avoit envoie order de 
 s'arester jusques a nouvel ordre. 
 
 " Je marche demain et va loger a Warmister, ou j'attendrai 
 de vos nouvelles, mylord, et les ordres qu'il plaira au roy de 
 m'envoyer pour la disposition des trouppes et de Fartillerie, qui 
 va a devises avec le bataillon de dunbarton, car je renvoie la 
 milice chacun ches eux le plus viste qu'il m'est possible, la 
 pluspart n'estant paye par le pais que jusques a samedi, et s'ils 
 demeuroit plus longtemps ensemble il faudroit que le roy les 
 payat. Je laisse ici cinquante prisonnier dont je prens les noms 
 et ou ils sont nay [? nes] . J'ay commende a la compagnie de 
 Cornvel du regiment d'Oxfort cle demeurer ici et de prendre 
 garde aus prisonnier. J'envoierai les autres a salsbury a moins 
 que vous n'en ordonnies autrement. II y en a dix ou douse de 
 principaux et touts ceux qui sont venus d'hollande que je 
 garderai, car je ne doubte point que vous seres bien aise d'en 
 avoir a londres. My lord Churchill et moi attendons d'avoir 
 
22 
 
 bientost de vos nouvelles, pourveu que le service du roy ne vous 
 empesche pas de nous mander de vous aller assurer nous mesme 
 de la joye que nous aurons de vous revoir. Et moi, my lord, en 
 mon particulier, je vous remercie de tout mon cceur de toutes 
 les marques d'amitie" qu'il vous plusit de m'assurer. Je vous 
 assure que je tascherai toujours a les meriter." 
 Holograph. 
 
 Lord Lumley to [the Earl of Sunderland]. 
 
 [1685,] July 11. — " You lordships of the 8 came to me on 
 Thursday the 9 at eleven at night, the next morning we marched 
 and came the last night to Winchester, we shall march this day 
 to Farnam, to-morrow we designe for Gilford, from thence my 
 lord I think the best way will be to goe by the way of Hamton, 
 where there is a good ford, and I think is much a better way 
 than by Cobham and Kingstone, if his Majesty shall think fitt 
 he [the Duke of Monmouth] may be brought by water from 
 Theselworth [Isleworth] or Branford [Brentford]. My Lord, I 
 desire his Majesty's further pleasure." Holograph. Answered 
 the same night. See S.P. Dom. Jac. II., Vol. 2, p. 64. 
 
 Statement by the Duke of Monmouth. 
 
 1685, July 15. — "I declare that the title of King was forced 
 upon me and that it was very much contrary to my opinion 
 when I was proclaimed. For the satisfaction of the world I do 
 declare that the late King told me that hee was never married to 
 my mother. Having declared this I hope that the King who is 
 now will not lett my children suffer on this account. And to 
 this I putt my hand this fifteenth day of July 1685. Monmouth." 
 "Declared by himself and signed in the presence of us, Fran. 
 Eliensis, Tho. Bath and Wells, Tho. Tenison, Geo. Hooper." 
 Copy. Printed in Fox's Life of James II., and elsewhere. 
 
 Confession of Nathaniel Wade. 
 
 1685, July 29. — "He came from Holland in M[onmouth*s] 
 owne ship with him, and was made Major of his owne regiment. 
 He was in every injadgment that the foote were injadged in, he 
 guarded the post at Shoote hill, he commanded the right hand 
 batta : at Weston moore, at Froome M [onmouth] was about to 
 goe away from his army privatly. The cause of Wades leaving 
 the nation was Rumsey's swearing him to be in the plott to kill 
 the King, which he protests he never was, but was in that 
 insurrection for the redressing of grievances, the bottom of it 
 was for the bill of exclusion and to declare M. Prince of Whales. 
 That paper of James Hollaway of Bristoll gives a true account 
 of him, he left Tompson, captain of the blew regiment, at 
 Ilfordcombe, and Fergason, who was chaplin to the army ; 
 one Hooke was M : domestick chaplin, Batscomb was Capt. 
 Lieutenant of M : owne company. He sayeth that M : as to the 
 
23 
 
 best of his knowledge did not bring with him from Holland not 
 above 1001. in gold and silver, he pawnd all his jewells in Holand 
 and his great George to one Le Blon, a merchant in Amsterdam, 
 about 5001. in small bills were delivered to M : by severall 
 English men that lived in Holand. Old Dare of Taunton was 
 paymaster in Holand, who was killed at Lyme by one Fletcher 
 a Scotts man, Fletcher got upon Dare's horse, Dare bid him 
 dismount, he told him he would not, other words followed and 
 Fletcher shott him in the head with his pistol two days after 
 they came into Lime. Since Dare's death, Gooclenough was 
 paymaster, one of their chyrurgions was cauld Oliver ; he was 
 informed that Major lJ r ildman of Barkshire was a man much 
 concearned as an abetter and assistant as to advize, but gave him 
 noe money, for which he hath heard M : curse him, and one 
 Mr, Hamden that is or was in prison, was an abetter. M : 
 expected Sir Walter Young, Sir Fra. Rolle of Hampsheir, and 
 other gentlemen, but they all failing him, made him grow very 
 malancholly. His intent was for Bristoll, being perswaded by 
 Capt. Tily that most of the cityzens were for him, and then for 
 Gloster and soe for London. This is all he can do at present, 
 but he will declare all he knows as soone as he is able, being 
 despirately wounded by a pistoll shot almost through his body." 
 
 Taken before and signed by Nicholas Cooke, Henry Ravening. 
 Endorsed : " Mr. Nath. Wade's confession in part." Titer e is 
 another copy of this at the British Museum, Harley MS. 6845. 
 
 Note on the margin: "The horse 600, Bl[ue] regiment 60, 
 Whit 400, Red 800, greene 600, yellow 500, an independent 
 company which came from Lyme 80." 
 
 Followers of the Duke of Monmouth. 
 
 [1685, before August 6.] — Two copies of a list of the names 
 of those persons that came over from 'Holland with the Duke of 
 Monmouth, to which is added " The chief managers of the Duke 
 of Monmouth's business in Holland was Mr. Daniel Le Blon, Mr. 
 Archer, Mr. Ray, father-in-law to Mr. Archer. Mr. Le Blon did 
 assist him much with money, it was reported that he was out 
 3,000/. besides what assistance he gave in buying of ships. Mr. 
 Archer and his father was also assistants in the same, but the 
 chief assistance they gave was entering the ships and shipping 
 of arms ; but Mr. Dare, lately deceased, was the principal 
 manager of all these affairs. This that I have set down 
 concerning the management of the Duke's affairs in Holland I 
 cannot say of my own certain knowledge, but I had it from those 
 that were also suitors in the same affair." The name of the 
 writer is not given. But the paper is thus described at the 
 commencement. "A paper fonnd in young Hewling's poukett 
 by Capt. Richardson. Received from him August 6th, 1685." 
 
 Moses Wagstaffe. 
 
 1685, August 18. Shrewsbury. — Examination of Moses 
 Wagstaffe, servant to the late Duke of Monmouth, before Sir 
 
24 
 
 William Gregory, Baron of Exchequer and Justice of Assize. 
 Was servant to the late Duke of Monmouth about five years 
 next before his death, came to England with him in the Rising 
 Sun; believes the Duke had about eighty with him when he 
 landed at Lyme. After landing, examinant attended on the 
 carriages until after the defeat at King's Sedgmoor, when he 
 made his escape with Robert Hampton and others of the Duke's 
 servants into Shropshire and was there apprehended. All things 
 were left in the carriages, and examinant knows not what became 
 of them, nor does he know of any sums of money given or sent 
 to the Duke, but hears that Mr. Williams (his steward) 
 and Mr. Goodenough, sometime Undersheriff of London, have a 
 particular account of all contributions and the names of the 
 contributors both in England and Holland. 
 
 August 19. — Further examination of the same. " Saith that 
 Mr. Manley came severall times to the late Duke of Monmouth 
 whilst he was at Brussels, and came with the said late Duke of 
 Monmouth to Lyme, and there had the command of a Major of 
 Horse. And that upon Fryday before the defeat of the rebells, 
 the said Major Manley' s son came to the said late Duke of 
 Monmouth to Bridgwater and gave an account of severall parties 
 about London that were ready to rise for Monmouth, if they had 
 any one to head them. And thereupon, the Sunday morning 
 before the fight, the said Major Manley and his son were sent 
 away for London to head the Rebellion there. And this 
 examinant heard it discoursed in the said late Duke's chamber 
 and in the presence of the said Major Manley that they had an 
 account of 3,000 men that were listed about London ready to be 
 headed, and he believes Mr. Williams can give the same account 
 of it." 
 
 Examination of Robert Hampton. 
 
 1685, August 18. Shrewsbury. — Before Sir William Gregory. 
 Was butler of the late Duke of Monmouth for about fourteen 
 years before his death. Came to England with the Duke, was in 
 charge of the carriages, fled into Shropshire with W T agstafTe and 
 was there apprehended. Knows nothing of any correspondence 
 of the Duke with any persons whatsoever. 
 
 Executions. 
 
 1685, Sept. 18. Sherborne. — A list of persons executed at 
 Bridport, Weymouth, and Sherborne. 
 
 Corporation of Taunton. 
 
 1685, [September] "22. Taunton. — Five sworn informations 
 taken before Bernard Smith, Mayor of Taunton, and Stephen 
 Tynewell, Esq., two of H.M. Justices of the Peace in the said 
 borough, and sent up by the Corporation to Lord JefTerys 
 and the other judges assigned to hold the Assizes for the County 
 of Somerset, with a petition requesting their perusal thereof. 
 
•25 
 
 John Trout, Parish Clerk, deposes that on the 18th of June 
 last Samuel Storey, a Scotchman, came to the house of Francis 
 Hobart, Justice of the Peace, with a pistol in one hand and a 
 paper in the other containing a list of the members of the 
 Corporation "and required the said Mr. Hobart in the name of 
 the late Monmouth to come in his gowne to the Whitehart Inn in 
 Taunton aforesaid att his peril. And the said Mr. Hobart went to 
 the house of Mr. Thomas Towill, a member of the said Corporation, 
 where were mett several of the members of the said Corporation 
 to consult together : and while they were there mett together one 
 Zachary Wyatt, then a Captaine under the late Monmouth, and 
 several! others with him came into the said Mr. Towills his 
 house with their swords drawne and required the said members 
 of the said Corporation to come out in their gowne s or else would 
 run their swords through their gutts, and forced them to gett 
 their gownes and to goe to the Crosse with them. And further 
 saith that on the Satterday morning some of the late Monmouth's 
 souldiers went to the houses of the members of the said 
 Corporation and forced them out of the houses in their gownes 
 againe. And they went again to the said Mr. Towill' s house, 
 and while they were there he saw the said Samuel Storey, 
 Zachary Wyatt, and many more with their swords drawne and 
 pistolls in their hands and required them to come forth in their 
 gowns to goe to the Crosse and said that the late Lord Grey had 
 waited an hour on horseback for them and that whosoever 
 refused to come out they would run them through ; and farther 
 saith that there were about rive hundred men in armes with their 
 swords drawne and pistolls in their hands about the said Mr. 
 Towills his doore ; and farther saith that none of the members 
 of the said Corporation read any papers att the Crosse, but that 
 some person or persons unknowne to this Informant read the 
 same." 
 
 Thomas Towill, William Bidgood, John Lucas, jun., and 
 John Roe, members of the Corporation, depose on oath "that on 
 the eighteenth day of June last past Samuel Storey, late of 
 London, with several others came with their swords drawne into 
 the house of Mr. Thomas Towill, a member of the Corporation 
 of Taunton aforesaid, where were mett together these informants 
 and several others of the members of the said Corporation to 
 consult together for their safeties, and required them, these 
 informants, and the rest of the said members soe mett together 
 to come forth and read the late Monmouth's Declaration, which 
 these informants and the other said members refused to doe, and 
 said they would rather be hanged than read any of their papers, 
 and then the said Storey made a speech unto them in these 
 words or words to this effecte following, ' Gentlemen, I know some 
 of you and I think you are men of sense and therefore wonder 
 you should blind your eyes and balk your own reason. James, 
 Duke of York, that vilest of villaines, is a usurper, a murtherer. 
 He poyson'd his Brother, he was guilty of the murther of the 
 Earle of Essex, the Lord Russell, Coilonell Sidney, Sir Tho, 
 Armestrong, and did endeavour to stifle the murther of Sir 
 
26 
 
 Edmondbury Godfrey and was guilty of the burning of London, 
 packing of Juries, and false elections for Members of Parliament, 
 and that he was now introducing Popery, Tyranny and arbitrary 
 Government, Witnesse poore Oats that was the saviour of the 
 nation and has been the first sufferer.' And further said, 'you 
 are for the Church of England, I am a dissenter from that 
 Church. We dissenters shall be first brought to the stake but 
 depend upon itt you will followe. And as for the juges they are 
 twelve perjured Rogues and Justice Jefferys is as great a Eogue 
 as ever the nation bore.' And farther said that the late 
 Monmouth was legitimate and lawfull heire to the crowne, and the 
 reason why his ffather did not owne itt was because he had the 
 command of the Duke of York's purse and that Yorke could 
 with itt make him (meaning the late King Charles the second of 
 ever blessed memory) doe what he pleased. And farther said, 'if 
 after all this you wont come in unto us, your blood be upon your 
 owne heads,' and then forced the said members to goe with them 
 into the street. And some one of the said Corporation said they 
 would rather rely on the mercy of their now Sovereigne then 
 trust to their crueltie and therefore through feare of their lives 
 went with them, but read nothing, and what was read was read 
 by some one of the Kebells. And these informants farther say 
 that the said members of the Corporation did att the same time 
 declare that they gave noe assent or consent to what was read, 
 published, or proclaimed. And farther say that on the twentyeth 
 day of June last past severall of Monmouth's souldiers came to the 
 houses of the members of the said Corporation and required and 
 forced them forth, and they went againe to the said Mr. Towill's 
 house to conferre together. And while they were there one 
 Zachary Wyatt, then a Captaine under the late Duke of Mon- 
 mouth, and many others with swords drawne, carbynes, and 
 pistolls mounted upp, required and forced the said members to 
 come out, and those persons that refused to come out they would 
 run their swords through them, and severall messengers came 
 from the late Lord Grey who was then on horseback in the 
 streete neare the doore of the said Mr. Towill's house, and said 
 the Lord Grey had waited neare an hour for them, and that his 
 patience was quite worne out and therefore they must come out. 
 And with the same forced the said members of the said Cor- 
 poration out of the said Mr. Towill's house, and that there were 
 about 500 men in the streete with swords drawne and other 
 armes and surrounded, the said members of the said Corporation 
 and hooped and hallowed that they had forced out the said 
 members." 
 
 Joseph Burne, Thomas Sealy and William Hester depose 
 concerning the seizing of arms in Francis Hobart's house. 
 
 Col. Charles Trelawny to 
 
 1685, Sept. 24. Taunton. — Reports endeavours of two 
 prisoners, Mathews and Annesley, who had already made a vain 
 attempt to escape, to persuade the whole of the prisoners 
 
27 
 
 to break out by the windows, it being better to die by the hands 
 of the soldiers than by the gallows. He has put " those two 
 restless contrivers " into the dungeon of the guard, and hopes to 
 receive immediate directions for their execution. 
 
 Sir C. Lyttleton to Lord [Sunderland ?] 
 
 1685, September 26. Taunton. — " I think itt my duty to 
 acquaint your Lordship that I came hither but last night with 
 the Prince's regiment, and that this morning Capt. Fox, of Col. 
 Trelawny's regiment, who was captain of the guard, came and 
 acquainted me that three of the prisoners in the Castle had 
 made their escape by filinge one of the barrs in the prison 
 windowe, and goeing downe by a rope out of the winclowe 
 leaving their shackles in the roome where they lodged, which 
 were opened, not cutt or broke." The daughter of one of them, 
 a girl of about 15 years of age, was known to be with her father 
 in the prison not long before his escape. " I caused her to be 
 
 seized and brought to mee, who upon examination has . ." 
 
 [Next part wanting .] " It seems to mee not very reasonable 
 nor safe that soe many condemned rebells as are here in this 
 prison should be left to the care and charge of the gaoler's wife 
 and a mayd, the gaoler beeinge at Wells, and I hear of noe body 
 else, the guards beeing only to assist them." 
 
 Mr. Bateman. 
 
 1685, Dec. 18. — The speech and behaviour of Mr. Bateman at 
 the place of execution. 
 
 Lord Grey. 
 
 [1685]. — Extracts from the confessions of Lord Grey, James 
 Burton, Nathaniel Wade, and others. 
 
 Bey. Andrew Paschall to Lord . 
 
 1686, April 8. Chedzy. — " In the want I am in at present 
 of a skilfull hand that might enable me to serve your lordship 
 with an exact draught of this place (to which God be praised we 
 are returned in safety) I have imployed some of my neighbours 
 to measure the distances according to the enclosed paper, and I 
 make no doubt but they have done it with care. [In all 
 probability this refers to the plan of the battle of Sedgmoor 
 mentioned below. The handwriting of both documents is the 
 same.'] Sir Francis Compton is very well spoken of heer for 
 his diligence and valour that night, but I cannot attain to 
 an exact account of his motions, which questionlesse your 
 lordship may have from himself e. It is now confidently 
 reported heer by some that say they were eye witnesses that 
 Captain Hucker (who entertained the Duke at his house in 
 Taunton) was the man who discharged the gun (whether carabine 
 or pistoll) at Langmoor Stone which is sayd to have given the 
 alarme, and that the Duke charged him with treachery, and that 
 he had been shot presently had it not been that they feared to 
 
28 
 
 make more noise ; but who then rode to the King's camp to call 
 them to armes, according to my servant's relation confirmed by 
 Captain Mackenzy, both eye witnesses, I do not heare or know. 
 'Tis certain Hucker was extreamely odious to the party as one 
 that they beleeved had betrayed them, in so much that when he 
 was in prison he feared being torn in pieces by the angry 
 women. It was sayd that at his try all he pleaded this to my 
 Lord Chancellor, but it did not save him. He had served an 
 apprenticeship with a merchant in Lime. He was the owner of 
 Athelney Farme, that place so famous for King Alfred's lying 
 hid there in the time of the Danes, and breaking out thence into 
 such glorious victoryes and for his building an Abby there, the 
 foundations of which Hucker when a builder tooke up. He was 
 a partner with and right hand to Prince Rupert and Earl of 
 Shafts (bury) and ethers in their undertakeing for the supposed 
 silver mines in this county about ten or twelve years ago. He was 
 addressed to in Taunton by the agitators which were here to 
 prepare things for the Duke, (I think) before he landed. He 
 then declared to one whome I know that he would not concerne 
 himselfe in anything against the Government because he 
 beleeved himselfe bound in conscience to obey. And being 
 confirmed in that good resolution by that person, he 'afterwards 
 bitterly repented that he had not taken that good advice, and 
 was seen to lament it with teares even upon the day of the 
 Duke's being proclaimed King. He had the first information of 
 the Duke's landing, and made it known to a militia colonell. 
 He professed that he meant (being marryed but a few dayes 
 before) not to medle, but being made a prisoner by the militia 
 commanders, he made his escape to Lime and then all his good 
 resolutions came to nothing. Hegott a certificate from a justice 
 of peace in Devon of his having layd down his armes within 
 the time limited in the proclamation, but on the Sunday before 
 the fight appeared in Bridgwater. His pretence for so doing 
 after he had layd hold on the King's mercy was that he came to 
 state accompts. He was suspected by the Duke. A guard was 
 set on him, or at the gates upon his occasion to prevent his 
 making an escape.. It seems to me likely that he had a minde 
 to secure himself which way so ever the chance of warr, then 
 dubious, should fall. When the horse led by the Lord Grey, 
 being fired at by the King's army wheeled off to the reare, he 
 rode from the head of his troop southwards. His troop was led 
 by his lieutenant (Savage, excepted in the generall pardon) back to 
 Bridgwater, who used his indeavours there with them to bring 
 them backe to fight but could not prevaill. He vowed to kill 
 Hucker, his captain, for his base cowardise if ever he should 
 meet him, but the publick justice hath saved him that labour. 
 But my lord, I say too much of this man, all the excuse I have 
 for so doing is that if he were indeed the man that discharged 
 the gun, that with the horseman gave the alarme and so saved 
 the army and kingdom, he was for that considerable." 
 
 Probably enclosed in the above. A large sheet containing a 
 plan of the country round the spot where the battle of Sedgmoor 
 
29 
 
 was fought, giving the position of the King's army, and shew- 
 ing the lines of the Duke of Monmouth's march. [The names 
 and notes are in PaschalVs handwriting.] 
 
 Adam Turnbull. 
 
 1689, Dec. 19. — Affidavit of Adam Turnbull, servant to Capt. 
 Jones, keeper of New Prison, that John Capell said in his 
 hearing that his being committed to prison would be worth 
 twenty pounds to him. 
 
 Wil. Cochrane to . 
 
 N.D. — Fragment of a letter docketted " Sir J. Cockram,"* who 
 was implicated in the Monmouth rebellion, and whose life was 
 only saved in consideration of a bribe of 5,000L 
 
 ' ' . . . When my, Lord Middletone gott that government 
 of my brothers esteet, ther wes a considerable sume of money 
 promised him, and that ther wes noe way to save my father's 
 lyfe and my brother's, but to buy my brother's esteet from my 
 Lord Middeltone, and geave a great sume of money for it, for he 
 said that all the forfautuers beeng annexed to the croune ther 
 was noe other way but this to gett that sume of money which 
 wes promised to my Lord Middeltone, and that yf he were 
 disapoynted of it he would certenly be ane ennemy to us all, 
 and if the money were geaving wee might expect that all our 
 affairs would be done. A few days after Sir William Bruce 
 came to me and said that ther was noe way to save my father's 
 lyve and my brother's, and to gett my wyf 's affairs done but to 
 buy from my Lord Middeltone my brother's esteet, and geave 
 him six thusent pound for it, to which I answered that the esteet 
 was not worth two thusent pound, but he reply ed that if my 
 grandfather did not geave the money he would be accused for 
 convers and receet. This is a true and just account of what I 
 know. Wil. Cochrane." 
 
 II. — LETTERS FROM MARY, PRINCESS OF ORANGE, 
 AFTERWARDS QUEEN OF ENGLAND, TO LADY 
 MARY FORESTER. 
 
 Marie, Princess of Orange, to Lady Mary Forester. 
 
 [1685,] Oct. 29. Loo. — " I was very sory to find by your 
 leter Lady Mary Forester that you had at last taken the 
 
 *Lady Mary Forester, d. of the Earl of Salisbury, was mother of Mrs. 
 Sambrook and grandmother to Lady George Germain, 
 
80 
 
 resolutione of going into England so sone, for when Mr. 
 Forester was beer he spoke as if it wear yet in dispute, and I 
 had bin very glad your conserns and your condition woud have 
 permited you to stay longer since I have learnt to know you to 
 well to be willing to louse you quite, and I coud now chid you 
 for haveing bin so good humourd when your wear hear, but that 
 your grave leter makes me think that I am writing to that sober 
 Lady M. Forester I once knew at the Hague, if you had allways 
 bin seen at the basset table makeing al pios and wanting an 
 interpreter to ask for what you won you might have gone away 
 allmost without being mist, but since you have been at Loo 
 working walking and ramping, you must not wonder if I 
 shoud have bin very glad to have found you still at the hague 
 for all you deceived me so much as you really did when we 
 play'd at hide and seek in the litle wood, if I had then known 
 your conditione you had never got the reputation of as good a 
 walker as myself, at least we had never pased ditches as we did 
 togethere, but I am very glad it has suxceeded so well and hope 
 you will get well into Englande and have a good deliverence which 
 I think is the best wish can be made you now and that I do very , 
 seriously, if there be anything in this leter that is not so 'tis 
 because I think I know you so good humord and so litle formal 
 that you will bear with it, and I hope you have learnt to know me 
 enough to belive tho' I can make no compliments that no body 
 can wish you better or will be more glad of an ocatione of shewing 
 the esteem I have for you by actions as well as words then I, 
 Marie." Holograph. 
 
 Marie, Princess of Orange, to Lady Mary Forester. 
 
 [1686,] February 13. Hague. — "By the leter I received 
 [several words erased^] I was overjoyed to find you the same 
 Lady Mary Forester I knew at Loo, and before I say any more 
 must assure you such letters will be always very welcome to me 
 for I am not changed in my humour tho' I am in my shape, but 
 that not by so good a reasson as you had when I saw you last, 
 but meer fatt. I like this subject so litle I shall say no more 
 upon it but wish you joy of your daughter. I was extream glad 
 to hear you wear well brought to bed and hope before this you 
 are well up, I own 'tis a shame for me to come so long after, but 
 good wishes never come to late and that you will never want 
 from me. The death of Mr. Wharton is indeed a sad tragedy, 
 I wish poets had more witt then to fight, 'tis a cruell thing to 
 hazard both body and soull for a jest. I find we wemen have 
 the beter of the men for that since raillery does not cost us 
 so deer. The charitable Scotch lady you spake of has mist of 
 her aime since Lady [M — h (?) put Ld. M. (?) erased^ to the 
 nessessity of endevoring a rape to satisfy his heroick passion, I 
 belived his pride to have bin to great to stoop to such beast like 
 inclinations, I thought his love had bin more refined and woud 
 
 * Fatally wounded in a duel on February 2. 
 
31 
 
 not have gone beyond ogleing, tho now I think ont his great eys 
 may gogle about for fashions sake, but he is to pur blind to 
 see at a distance or els his friends belye him. I find Lady 
 [Mordaunt's erased] adventure as plesant as tis extraordinary, 
 if ever any ons fortune wear told them that thay shoud marry 
 twice, twoud to some be a disapointment to find the prophecy 
 so fullfiled. 'Twas well 'twas a cold seasson and the Lady's 
 blood not very warme at this age, or els certainly too wedings 
 at once might have put her honor into a feaver, [if shee 
 allways takes so much pains as I am told she did with Lady 
 Salisbury erased] but my Lord Clifford and his Lady are of an 
 age that I belive may be left abed togethere, so that half her 
 troble is saved there, and if the Lady be as fruitfull as her 
 sister, tis likely Mr. Boyl who has bin heer lately won't be long 
 the youngest brothere. I am so far from finding faut with your 
 leter that I shoud be very glad of many such, and I belive you 
 write them so eassyly that they will not give you much troble, 
 if I may judg by myself I phansie much lesse then a formall 
 leter, I am sure there is nothing I haet like that and you see 
 I don't write one, neithere is it for fashion's sake but really that 
 I desire you to belive I am treully your affectionat friand, 
 Marie." Holograph. 
 
 Marie, Princess of Orange, to Lady Mary Forester. 
 
 [1688], April 15. Loo. — " Tho' I am very slow in ansereing 
 leters yet I hope Lady Mary Forester will not belive hers is 
 lesse welcome to me for not haveing assured her of it soner. I 
 was extreamly delighted with all the news you write me, but as 
 every thing is but nine days wonder so I hope strange manages 
 will now be laid asside to make rome for some new marvellst 
 therefore I dare say not spake of such old things for fear of 
 seaming as old fashioned as thay, yet the Bishop of Oxford's 
 death has not hapend so long ago but that I may say I hope he 
 has seen his epitaph, or known himself enough to repent and 
 disapoint the joy of the divin. 
 
 " I don't love the wedings of people I am not acquaintd with, 
 vet I shall wish my self [at Lord Morpeth's, erased]\ to see 
 now you woud behave yourself, I phansie that imployment will 
 not become you unlesse you woud put on a forehead cloath like 
 [Lady Danby, erased] to which if you will ad a good large 
 mufler so as to hide your face you might pass for as old a lady as 
 she [word erased] and then you may give instructions with 
 authority. I have bin but once in the litle wood where we 
 playd at hide and seek since I came hithere, the ill wethere will 
 not suffer much walking, but I never go there without remembring 
 how you ventured your great belly, big enough for you to brag 
 
 * Lord Clifford, eldest son of the Earl of Burlington, married his 2nd wife, 
 Arethusa, daughter of Lord Berkeley, at the beginning of 1686. 
 
 f Apparently "wonders " was first written and then altered to " marvels." 
 
 I The erasures in these letters are in a darker ink and very carefully made, 
 probably by Lady Mary Forester. 
 
32 
 
 of as long as you live, I belive there's anothere a corneing by 
 this time, I expect if it be so you shoud be grown impudent 
 enough to let me know it in your next leter for I never knew any 
 body ashamed after one child, I am sory there are no wedings 
 heer, when my maids marry I intend to act Lady [initial erased] 
 exactly I warrante they shall know the matrimony by heart and 
 anssere to all with an audible voice, but for want of some such 
 mater I must end my leter, do me the justice to belive I shall 
 ever have all the esteem for you that you can desire. Marie." 
 Holograph. 
 
 Marie, Princess of Orange, to Lady Mary Forester. 
 
 [1688,] September 9. Loo. — I can't hear of the losse Lady 
 Mary Forester has had without leting her know the part I take 
 in her just afliction & by the love I have for my own sister can 
 judg what it must be to lose one who is dear, but I hope since 
 it has pleased God to take one from you that is so, you will 
 submit like a christian to his will who orders all things for the 
 best tho' we dont know it. I wish I coud say any thing for your 
 consolation but I belive you are to reasonable to want it, onely 
 from that God who is best able and I hope will make it up to you 
 othere ways, but pray do me the justice to belive I shall be glad 
 of some beter ocation then this malancholly one to shew how 
 much reall esteam I have for you. Marie." Seal of arms 
 surmounted by a coronet. Holograph. 
 
 III.— FAMILY LETTEES. 
 
 [Charles] Earl of Dorset to his son, Lord Buckhurst. 
 
 N.D., but before 1706. " Pray do not faile to make what hast 
 you can posibile to come over by the next opertunity with your 
 numerous family, i heare my Lady Northamton has order'd 
 you not to obey me, if you take any notice of what shee sayes 
 to you i have enough in my power to make you suffer for it 
 beyond what shee will make you amends for. But I cannot 
 imagine you to bee such a fool as to be governed by the passion 
 and folly of anybody. Your afectionate father, Dorsett. 
 
 " i expect you will come away by the next yocht." 
 
 * Lady Mary's sister Katherine, wife of Sir George Downing, died in August, 
 1688, 
 
33 
 
 Sir Spencer Compton to [Lionel] Earl of Dorset. 
 
 1705-6, Feb. 1-12. — Announcing the death of the late earl " last 
 Tuesday " and the steps taken to put his son in possession of 
 the estates. 
 
 "It will be necessary for your Lordship to write immediately 
 to my mother [the Countess Dowager of Northampton] and 
 desire her to accept of the guardianship of your estate and person. 
 Care was taken to ask for the Lieutenancy of Sussex for your 
 Lordship, but I believe it has been some time promised to the 
 Duke of Somerset, but the Queen, Lord Treasurer, and Lady 
 Marlborough have express'd themselves on this occasion with all 
 imaginable civility and respect to your Lordship's character." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1705-6, Feb. 8-19. — Eelating the progress of the business 
 alluded to in the preceding letter. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1705-6, March 1-12. — "I have received yours by Mr. Smith and 
 am very glad to find you are of the same opinion with all your 
 friends in judging that it will be very improper for you to be in 
 England till you are near of age. I am not very much surprised 
 to hear that the gravity of Utrecht should be disagreeable to you 
 now that you have relished the diversions of the Hague, but my 
 mother is very impatient to have you return to Utrecht. In my 
 own opinion if you spent this summer at the Courts of Hanover and 
 Prussia or at Vienna, I believe it would be both more for your 
 advantage and diversion. . . . Your father has left such 
 debts, legacys, and annuities, besides the joynture, that what 
 remains will be much less, I believe, than what you imagine, so 
 that you must resolve to be a good manager while you continue 
 abroad," though I will try to get your allowance increased, that 
 you may prosecute your travels. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 [1705-6,] March 19-30.— " I have received your letter of the 7-18 
 inst., and am very glad to find any proposition I have made should 
 be agreeable to your Lordship. I find my mother is desirous you 
 should go to Hanover, and I believe the sooner you comply with 
 her desires it will be more agreeable to her. The differences that 
 have been in the Parliament here about inviting over the Princess 
 Sophia, and the circumstances that attended them, oblidge any 
 English gentleman, and especially one of your rank and quality, 
 to be more cautious in their oehaviour than they need to be at any 
 other time or place ; but I do not in the least question but your 
 prudence will make you circumspect enough not to commit any 
 great errour, and the best way in my opinion to avoid little ones, 
 in a case of this nicety, is to avoid making acquaintance with the 
 agents of any party or faction here, or with any busy or intriguing 
 person there, but to take the measure of your conduct from the 
 
 21250 
 
 c 
 
34 
 
 publick Minister, and Mr. How, who has at present that character, 
 I am sure will be in every respect agreeable to your Lordship, and 
 a friendship with him will be the best way of continuing the good 
 opinion the Court here have entertained of your Lordship." 800/. 
 a year is as much as can be spared for your allowance, therefore 
 you should take care to have no more servants than are 
 necessary. 
 
 Sir Spencer Compton to [Lionel] Earl of Dorset. 
 
 1706, April 30-May 11.— On money matters. " We have had 
 great talk of alterations since the rising of the Parliament, but I 
 do not hear that anything is yet done, except Sir William St. 
 Quintin being made a Commissioner of the Revenue in Ireland, 
 in the room of Sir J. Bland." 
 
 The Electress Sophia to Lord Dorset, at Francfort. 
 
 1706, September [12-] 23. a Herenhausen. — "My Lord, vous 
 m'avez fait plesir de m'avoir fait scavoir qu'on vous a randu a 
 Cassel (?) ce qui vous etoit deu et suis bien aise que ma lettre y a 
 contribue, puis que les occasions me seront tousiour agreable par 
 lesquelles je vous pourres [faire] voir que ie suis, my Lord, votre 
 tres affectionee a vous servir, Sophie Electrice." Holograph. 
 
 Lord Halifax to Lord Dorset. 
 
 1706, Oct. 11-22. — "I have made but a very ill return for the 
 obliging and entertaining letter you sent me from Hanover. Mr. 
 Addison and I had a true relish of the ridicule you gave to the 
 wise ' consult ' of the swords-men. ... I acquainted my 
 Lord Treasurer that I found your lordship was concerned that 
 the Lieutenancy of Sussex was so disposed, and he expressed 
 himself to be very sorry that you had any mortification upon that 
 or any other account. He explained the matter just as I had done 
 to you before and desired me to assure your lordship that when- 
 ever there is an occasion for the Queen to show her favour to your 
 lordship you will be sensible this was not done out of any dis- 
 respect or unkindness to your lordship. Our friend Jacob [Tonson] 
 seems to have abdicated his government of the Chit-Kat. We hear 
 from Amsterdam that his turf and pickled herring is laid in for the 
 whole winter. When I came over I found they had teazedhim so 
 unmercifully of late that I fancy he intends to leave them." 
 
 The Electress Sophia to Lord Dorset. 
 
 1707, [February 22-] March 5. a Hanover.— " Monsieur, 
 je vois dois remercier que vous me temoigne vostre joye pour 
 l'heureux accouchement de la Princesse Electorale d'unfils quia 
 este longtems a venir, mais qui est fort et ce [sic] porte for bien. 
 Je vous prie aussi de croire que les marques de vostre amitie, dont 
 vostre lettre est remplie, m'ont este fort agreable et que toutte les 
 
 * Frederick, afterwards Prince of Wales, born Jan. 20, 1707. 
 
35 
 
 occasions me seront chere par lesquelles je pourres faire voir que 
 je suis, Monsieur, Vostre tres affectionee a vous servir, Sophie 
 Electrice." 
 
 Sir Spencer Compton to Lord Dorset. 
 
 1709-10, Jan. 31. — Acknowledging receipt of a letter. " My 
 mother . . . seemed very well pleased with the respect you 
 shewed her, but told me you need not give yourself any trouble 
 about it, for her health is so bad that she cannot think of a 
 journey. She told me that she had received a letter from my Lady 
 Dorset and commanded [me] to let your Lordship know that 
 she returned my Lady many thanks, which she would have done 
 herself, but that her hand is so weak that she cannot hold a pen. 
 
 " I beg the favour of your Lordship to let me know when my Lady 
 is brought to bed, and if you design to invite my mother to be 
 godmother, pray let me know it before you make any step in it." 
 
 The Earl of Dorset to the Countess of Dorset at Knole. 
 
 [1710-1714.] — Eight letters without definite date, but some of 
 which can be dated by their contents and by the postmarks. 
 
 Tuesday, March 7 [1710]. — " I hope in God your toothake and 
 headake and all your other uneasinesses is quite over . . 
 Nobody can give a judgment when this nasty tryal will be over. 
 You may be sure I'll come to you as soon as possible. I have not 
 had time to enquire about Mrs. King . . . " 
 
 Thursday, March 9 [1710]. — "God only knows when this fine 
 tryal will be at an end quite. ... By the best enquiry I can 
 make, twenty guineas is what you ought to give nurse King. 
 
 Saturday morning [1710] . — " I need not tell my dear dear 
 Colly* how heartyly I am vext that it is no way in my power to 
 come down to-day. I dare hope you are well because I hear 
 nothing to the contrary. I believe I shall go to the Queen this 
 afternoon, and when this christning affair is once well settled, I 
 shall have nothing to do but to come to you . . . Adieu, 
 dear, dear, dear girl." [The trial alluded to in the above letters is 
 probably that of Dr. Sacheverell ; Lord Dorset's eldest daughter was 
 bom in 1710 and the Queen tvas her godmother ; and the dates of the 
 postmarks agree with the days of the week in that year.~\ 
 
 Sunday, 8 a clock [August 1, 1714]. — "I was at Kensington 
 till very late last night, expecting every minute when the Queen 
 would expire, but she held out till seven this morning, and this 
 moment there is news come to town of her death. Everything 
 goes verry smoothly, and I believe the great men of yesterday will 
 submit verry quietly. The Parliament meets to-day 
 I wish you a good journey to the Wells." Eemember the venison 
 for Sir John Percival." 
 
 [The other four letters are quite unimportant and contain no 
 clue to their dates. There are casual allusions in them to Lord 
 Dorset's sister, Lady Shannon, and her husband ; and to Lord 
 Portmore, Lady Dorset's uncle.] 
 
 *Her maiden name was Elizabeth Colyear. 
 
Lord Sunderland to Lord Dorset. 
 
 1717, July 16. Whitehall.— " I have the King's commands to 
 acquaint your Lordship that he has no further occasion for your 
 service in the severall employments you held under his Majesty. 
 The esteem and regard I allways had for your Lordship makes it a 
 great concern to me to write to you upon this occasion." 
 
 Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1720. — Preamble, drawn up by Prior, for the patent creating 
 the Earl of Dorset a Duke. In Latin and English. Printed. 
 
 Lord Chesterfield to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1728, [Aug. 27-] Sept. 7. The Hague.— Naming William 
 Blakemore for some place which the Duke has put at his disposal. 
 
 Geo. Doddington to the [Earl of Wilmington]. 
 
 1741 [-2] , Jan. 25, Monday. Pall Mall.— " The very unfeigned 
 respect and duty I have for your Lordship which makes it difficult 
 to say some things to you forces me to lay them this way before 
 you, at this very critical period. 
 
 " I suppose it is agreed that this man or this country must sink. 
 
 " Lett us suppose that by giving him time he should re-estab- 
 lish himself ; I presume it is clear that he can govern (after what 
 has happened) no other way but by military force or by the most 
 corrupt and profligate means and men : I presume your Lordship 
 would not (if he would let you) continue in such an administration. 
 Would it not, then, be too late to quitt it with effect to your 
 country ? Would your strongest, would any efforts, then, bring 
 about what alight ones, note, cannot fail to effectuate. 
 
 "If he should fall, will it be consistent with your glory and 
 interest to have gone on with him to the very last without having 
 it known that you were instrumental to the delivery of your 
 country from him ? Is it not become necessary that you should give 
 the imhlick some demonstration that your going on so long with him 
 proceeded from no other motive but the want of an opportunity 
 to rescue it out of his hands effectually without throwing the King's 
 affairs into confusion ? 
 
 " I have many good reasons to believe that C. is (and has been 
 for some time) strongly at work with N. and CA to deprive you of 
 the honour of this great event, and our country of the advantage of 
 it. Be pleased to consider what a diminution this would he to your 
 glory, what a loss to our country ! For you know, from what I 
 have had the honour to explain to your Lordship, that you and you 
 only can settle the King's affairs at this crisis upon that exten- 
 sive bottom, and his person in that universal affection of all his 
 people, where only lasting prosperity and advantage for the one, 
 and lasting security and glory for the other, can be found. How 
 fatall to both, therefore, to lett it slipp ! 
 
 * Sir Eobert Walpole. 
 
 f Duke of Newcastle, Lord Carteret, and perhaps the Chancellor. 
 
37 
 
 " Remember, my very good Lord, how dear your over caution, 
 fourteen years ago, cost your country, and then — 
 
 " Lett me with the utmost humility, with the most unfeigned 
 duty and respect, with the most sincere and unaffected desire of 
 pardon for this great liberty, and with assurances (to induce you 
 to grant it) that I will never again presume so far, lett me earnestly 
 and humbly for God's sake, for the sake of your own glory, for the 
 love of your King and your country, which I know is sincere and 
 ardent in you, lett me entreat your lordship to go to the King, 
 without loss of time, and say to him what your own honour and 
 excellent understanding shall suggest to you upon the present 
 occasion. You are unsuspected by him on all sides ; he cannot, 
 in thought, object anything to you with relation to his son. You 
 and you only have all the talents and all the requisites that this 
 critical time demands to effectuate this great event, and save your 
 country, if it is to be saved." Endorsed by Duke of Dorset "Mr. 
 Dorington (sic), advice," but see Coxe's Walpole, hi. 588. 
 
 Lord Orford to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1741-2, March 20. New Park. — " It is through the course of 
 many years that I have with great sincerity called the Duke of 
 Dorsett freind, and have been honoured with the same title from 
 him. The fury of the present times gives me an occasion to make 
 use of that freindship and to beg your Grace will diffuse your 
 influence through all your acquaintance to attend on Tuesday next 
 and to oppose a measure which to me personally is the greatest 
 injustice that ever was attempted, and if I was out of the question 
 is an attempt upon Government of the most fatal consequence. It 
 is greatly in the power of your Grace and your particular freinds 
 to render me this piece of justice and to contribute towards pre- 
 serving the Government from the dangerous innovation." 
 
 G[eorge] Bishop of Kildare to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1743, July 14. Dublin. — I received yesterday the honour of 
 your Grace's letter, informing me of Lord George's success, which 
 must make him and his friends extremely happy, but it was a 
 cruel misfortune to him not to have been at Dettingen. My 
 brother had told me of Lord Wilmington's death and that no will 
 had then been found. I verily believe that he may of late have 
 withdrawn his favour from the object where it seemed once to 
 be placed [Lord John Sackville] and destroyed his former 
 dispositions ; " that he had very well considered what the Law 
 would say for him in case he should be taken off suddenly 
 without having time to speak for himself, and found it 
 perhaps what he might very well like should be done, 
 though he might not like to do it, and this fell in with the 
 favourite policy of not declaring, which is now kept up to the 
 last." My concern therefore is only personal, but it is very 
 sincere, and I pity him from my heart. "Lord George's success 
 (though not equall in degree to poor Lord John's disappointment) 
 gives me more joy than I am able to express, for there is nothing 
 I can have so much at heart as his happiness and I am sure he 
 
38 
 
 will make the best use of every advantage that is given him . . . 
 No person in the world, not even your Grace, knows him as well 
 as I do, and it is impossible without that knowledge to think so 
 well of him as he deserves. 
 
 " Dublin is at present very empty, and I see few people except 
 the company that I am entitled to as Dean of Christ Church. I 
 went with the Primate yesterday to Eathfarnam, which he has 
 improved already by cutting down a great number of old elm- 
 trees and turning them into pipes, to serve Dublin with water. 
 When he has finished this work, he says he'll have a bout with 
 the oaks. His chaplain, who followed us in the garden, said to 
 himself, without intending to be heard, here's a fine figg. His Grace 
 turned about with great vehemence. ' A fine pig ! Where ? Has 
 the Tallagh sow farrowed ? ' ' I said a figg, my Lord.' ' A fig, you 
 blockhead ; what's a fig to me ? ' . . . I hear that your Grace 
 has been at Drayton. I hope Lady Betty is well." 
 
 Endorsed :— " Bp Stone." 
 
 The Earl of Bristol to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1751, January 28. — My grandfather was buried on Sunday 
 night. Lady Ann is very ill, and Lady Louisa unfeignedly con- 
 cerned for her father. Sir Kobert Smyth and she have promised 
 not to leave me alone at Ickworth. Lady Betty will have 
 told you about the will. After annuities to his children 
 amounting to 1,200Z. a year, and legacies (including Mr. Felton's 
 4,000Z.) to the sum of 5,200/., with mourning and a year's wages 
 to the servants, the whole real and personal estate is given to me. 
 There is much more money than I expected. " You would be 
 surprised to think that even already I have had overtures made 
 me with regard to opposition interest in this county ; but I feel 
 myself too well-affected even to listen to them." My brother 
 Augustus has made me strong promises of attachment, and I pity 
 the situation I formerly condemned. He, Mrs. Phipps and my 
 other two sisters, set out in a few hours. Frederick returns soon 
 to Cambridge and carries William with him, but I propose asking 
 Mr. and Mrs. Charles Harvey to come here for a few days. 
 
 Lord John Sackville to his brother, Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1753-1754. — Five letters, all dated from Vevey, chiefly about 
 his own affairs. 
 
 July 8, 1753. — [The first part of the letter relates to the stop- 
 ping of part of his allowance to pay one Mr. Duffield, who would 
 appear to have resigned a servant called Bradley to Lord John's 
 use, on condition of an annual payment during his absence.] 
 
 " The last letter you was so good as to write to me has made 
 me very happy, because it has inspired me with a confidence in 
 you that I must own I had not before. I now flatter myself that 
 I have a friend in you that will do me all the service he is able, 
 and will hear the voice of reason . . . We were lately very 
 much alarmed at the news of the King's death ... I 
 should be extremely sorry it was to happen before the Prince of 
 
39 
 
 Wales came of age, or rather before he could be able to govern 
 himself ... I hope Mr. Killigrew will succeed in his attempt 
 upon the rich widow, for I look upon him as a man of merit. 
 What is become of Amherst and his General Ligonier ? Some- 
 body told me the Duke of Kingston was seperated from Madame 
 la Touche, and married to some woman of low extraction. 
 
 " Lady Betty Germain has been so good as to send me a work 
 entitled Hanway's Voyages. In the title page it mentions four 
 volumes in quarto and I have received but three. I should be glad 
 to know of you if there be a fourth ... I shall take the 
 liberty of sending you a true Spanish gun baril, which is very 
 hard to meet with, because they are strictly forbidden coming out 
 of the country. These passed under pretence of their being for 
 the service of Don Philip. If I thought it was consistant with his 
 Primatorial dignity to make war against the long-billed foreigners, 
 as Jan James used to call them, I would also send your friend Stone 
 one. . . How does Lady Caroline [Milton] go on ? Does not her 
 ladyship lose her rank as Duke's daughter on account of the Irish 
 peerage her husband has accepted of ? . . . You enquire very 
 kindly after my health. It is much as it was. I think if there 
 be any difference the low fit does not last quite so long as it used 
 to do, the good spirits two or three days longer ; but whilst it 
 does last, the low fit is more violent and the high fit less so." 
 
 April 23, 1754. — Acknowledging his faults, begging his brother 
 to intercede for him with the Duke, their father, and for his 
 " last trial," to let him be his own master, that he may have 
 some comfort of his life, Mr. Villettes having positively refused 
 to have anything more to do with his affairs. 
 
 April 25, 1754. — Stating that a very worthy gentleman, Mr. 
 Gressier, a relative of Sir John Ligonier's, has offered to under- 
 take his affairs and also to accept the office of inspector of his 
 conduct, which Mr. Villettes has declined ; and that he shall be 
 more inclined to follow this gentleman's advice, as he is convinced 
 of his good-will. Mr. Gressier left his estate in the island of 
 Guadaloupe on account of his religion and has built a handsome 
 house at La Tour, close to Vevey. 
 
 P.S. — Finds that Mr. Gressier is not personally acquainted with 
 General Ligonier, but " is intimately known to M. Montenquet, 
 brother to the General, whose son had married his neice." 
 
 June 5, 1754. — I am very sorry you still advise me to reconcile 
 myself to Mr. Villettes. Though he knows I am greatly in debt, 
 he sends but just enough to pay for my board and my servants' 
 wages, so that I have to borrow money where I can get it, besides 
 contracting debts with tradesmen for clothes, &c. Moreover, he 
 makes a great merit of what he does, in the country, and declares 
 " it is undertaking a commission much below the dignity of his 
 Brittanick Majesty's minister." Could I be re-instated in my full 
 income of 400L a year, I hope my future conduct would prove 
 satisfactory to the Duke and Duchess and all my friends. Mr. 
 Gressier has offered me part of his chateau to live in, which I 
 should be able to do cheaper than where I now board. About 
 two years ago I recommended an English gentleman to board in 
 
40 
 
 that family, who was so well pleased with them, and especially 
 with the daughter, that he is gone to England to try to obtain his 
 father's consent to marry her. His father lives in Cavendish 
 Square, and is very rich, most of his estate lying in Jamaica. 
 This young gentleman is his only son. I gave your letter to Mr. 
 Gressier. You feared there were many faults in the French, but 
 I was surprised to find there were so few. 
 
 " I wrote word to Lady [John] Sackville that she should come 
 and live with me in this country, and bring master and miss along 
 with her," but I think I had better get settled and free from debt 
 first. " She sent me word some time ago that when you returned 
 from Ireland, Master Sackville was to be sent to Westminster 
 School . . . she also sent me some of his handwriting, 
 which I was glad to see was a good deal better than my own. 
 
 " I heartily rejoice that your election met with no difficulty, 
 and that you routed Sir Edward Deering. There is a young Sir 
 Brook Bridges at Lausanne that will be glad to hear of that piece 
 of news . . . There is also at Lausanne a young Irish gentle- 
 man whose name is Burton, a very pretty behaved man. He 
 drank his Grace's health to me, and added quoique Irlanclois. He 
 seemed to blame the Primate, but praised his Grace. . . . 
 It gives me great comfort to think I have so good a friend as you 
 to back my demands and to plead my cause, which I am resolved 
 for the future shall be no longer a bad one." 
 
 September 4, 1754. — I received your most obliging letter just 
 as my melancholy fit came upon me. It has been a pretty severe 
 one and lasted a long time. Mr. Yillettes has taken the worst 
 possible method to prevent my committing irregularities, as I 
 have been obliged to furnish myself on credit, and borrow money 
 where I could get it. " He still continues to persecute me, and 
 acts in regard to me in a most scrubby manner ... I wish 
 with all my heart, for my own interest as well as that of Great 
 Britain, that he was dismissed his Majesty's service, for I verily 
 believe he is in the French interest more than in Great 
 Britain's." He has frequent interviews with Mr. Chavigny, the 
 French ambassador at Soleure, under pretence of ancient 
 friendship, and I have heard him very much blamed upon 
 that account. He has often declared that England did not agree 
 with him, and that he should never return there ; is himself 
 originally of French extraction, has married a French wife and 
 gives himself the title of Baron de Yillettes. "His conduct at 
 Turin was very far from being void of suspicion of sharing in great 
 sums of money with the King of Sardinia that were granted to 
 his Majesty from England, and if one Mr. Alouet, a banker at 
 Geneva, had lived, most likely that roguish transaction would 
 have been brought to light. I am also of opinion his great pro- 
 tector, Sir Luke Schaub, is in that interest, and paid as a spy by 
 the French court. It is very well known in this country that he 
 was upon that honourable footing at Berne in Cardinal Fleury's 
 time, but, as he was discovered, he did not succeed in his 
 business, and had liked to have been very ill-used by some honest 
 gentlemen that scorned to listen to his dirty proposals. Do not 
 
41 
 
 think that I am induced to say this of him because he wrote that 
 remarkable letter the Duke of Dorset sent to Mr. Villettes and 
 which I think had been much better left alone, especially as Mr. 
 Gressier's kind offers were accepted of." I hope the Duke of 
 Dorset will let me have the 400Z. a year without any deduction. 
 I am sure Duffield has been already paid more than he has any 
 pretension to, and " I am convinced that his Royal Highness the 
 Prince of Wales designed I should have the whole sum of 400L 
 a year remitted to me without any deduction whatsoever. Duffield 
 neglected to demand it for a long time, till after the unfortunate 
 death of my benefactor." Mr. Gressier proposes to borrow a sum 
 of money to pay all my debts, paying interest and reducing the 
 capital as expeditiously as possible. 
 
 ' ' I am very glad I am mistaken in the opinion I had of the 
 Master of Westminster School. ] I thought I 
 
 might have depended upon it, as it came from a young lord that 
 I saw at Yevey, and that had passed through the school. Most 
 of the letters that I have wrote to Lady Sackville by her accounts 
 have miscarried, which quite discourages me writing any 
 more to her . . . Be so good as to let her know the reason 
 and that I should be always very glad to receive letters from her. 
 . . . I suppose before you receive this letter your marriage 
 will be consummated. I wish you all the happiness you yourself 
 can desire or imagine. I cannot better express my sentiments 
 upon this than in sending you an epigram I remember to have 
 read in Martial upon the like occasion : 
 
 Candida perpetuo residat concordia lecto, 
 Tamque pari semper sit Yenus aequa jugo 
 
 Diligat ilia senem quondam, sedet ipsa marito 
 Tunc quoque cum fuerit non videatur anus. 
 I should have been glad to know more of your Lady's 
 fortune. " I remember her very well at Lady Fitz waiter's and 
 at her mother's assemblies, and am very glad you have found so 
 agreeable a companion." 
 
 C [arolinb] Lady Milton to her brother, Lord George 
 Sackville. 
 
 1753-1754. — Six letters on family affairs, all but one dated 
 from Milton Abbey. 
 
 July 25, 1753. — "I am glad to hear you have met with such good 
 success in your election affairs ; but I fancy you will not be sorry 
 when the Canterbury races are over, then I suppose you will have 
 some rest ... I have been very impatient to hear from you an 
 account of your visit to Mrs. Sambrooke. I have had two letters 
 from the daughter (indeed she writes charmingly). She is cautious 
 of what she says about you, but I find that her mother is much 
 pleased with the frankness and candour of your behaviour. . . . 
 I think, as you say, it depends greatly upon you after you come 
 from Ireland, and upon your behaviour there, for to be sure they 
 will be upon the watch, and hear every little silly story. I make no 
 doubt of you liking her better and better the more you know her. 
 She is certainly very sensible and clever, and indeed I believe very 
 
4'2 
 
 good-tempered. I want very much to know if you have mentioned 
 this to father and mother or if you intend it before you go to 
 Ireland . . . The boys are very well; as you did not 
 enquire after the girl, I shall say nothing about her." 
 
 June 26, 1754. — Has had a letter from Miss Sambrooke, and is 
 glad that she is so well recovered from her illness as to be able 
 to go to Vauxhall and Eanelagh. Fears that Lord Milton's 
 health and business will prevent their being at the wedding. 
 
 July 26, 1754. — "Be sure to let me know as soon as you can 
 guess when the wedding will be . . . To be sure somebody has 
 told you by this time that you should have more than a new 
 coat. You should have two or three at least new suits of clothes 
 besides frocks, for I believe Mr. D'Oilly will expect most of your 
 old clothes upon this occasion; I don't mean very fine clothes 
 such as you made last year for the birthday and to make a figure 
 last winter in Dublin, but all half dirty scrub things should be 
 given away, and new linnen without you have made any very 
 lately and certainly some new laced ruffles." 
 
 July 27, 1754. — "Lord Milton would have been very glad to 
 have attended upon Miss Sambrooke and you upon this occasion, 
 but it happens just about the time that he proposes going to 
 bathe in the sea ; and it is rather inconvenient to me, but as they 
 are so desirous of having me with them, I will certainly wait upon 
 them . . . You are to be married in town as private as 
 possible, so far I know, and I suppose go to Knole directly. Are 
 you to be there in private, or are you to have the Assembly and 
 all that rout, because I must prepare my cloaths accordingly." I 
 can imagine how busy you are about your house in Pall Mall. 
 
 August 10, 1754. — I return you many thanks for your long 
 letter. I expect by next post to hear from Miss Sambroke, and 
 hope to get such intelligence that I may fix the time for my 
 journey. Lord Milton desires me to assure you you was very 
 welcome to name him for one of your trustees without making 
 any apology about it, and to repeat how sorry he is that he can't 
 wait upon you upon this occasion. We shall both be very glad 
 to see you and my lady at Milton Abbey whenever it is most con- 
 venient to you. The children are very well, and obliged to you 
 for remembering them. 
 
 October 5, 1754. Weymouth. — Both she and Lord Milton are 
 sorry that their little expedition will delay their seeing him ; but 
 they will be at Milton Abbey and expect him to dinner on Thurs- 
 day. Sends compliments to Lady George. 
 
 William Byrch to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1754, April 18. Dover. — Will with pleasure obey his commands 
 by attending the election and voting for Mr. Fairfax and Mr. 
 Watson. His only hesitation arose from gratitude to the Arch- 
 deacon of Canterbury [John Head] who for many years has been 
 the chief support of himself and his family, but he is now assured 
 " that though out of regard to his relation to Sir Edward Deering 
 as his parishioner he votes for him himself, yet that he does not 
 desire to influence his friends ; in which as well as his other pro- 
 fessions " there is no doubt that he is very sincere. Is not 
 
43 
 
 unmindful of what he owes to those kind benefactors who 
 have made him happy at Mongeham. 
 
 [Sir] K. W[ilmot] to his Brother. 
 
 1754, July 20. St. James Street. — Concerning certain covenants 
 in relation to a lease, which Lord Cathcart has signed, and which 
 Lord George Sackville must sign also. Wishes " to do the thing 
 in few words and without much expense, as they would for them- 
 selves." With postscript over leaf, on the same subject, signed 
 E.W. [See p. 213.] 
 
 Lionel, Duke of Dorset, to Lady Betty Germain. 
 
 1754, September 3, Tuesday, 9 in the evening. — "We are just 
 going to the wedding. On Thursday night the bride, bridegroom, 
 &c, &c, hope to get to Drayton ; if they should not happen to 
 arrive, you must not fright yourself, for they are not quite sure 
 they shall not stay upon the road. There was a report this morning 
 in town that the King was ill, but it was a secret at Kensington, I 
 came a little too late to see him, but those that did say he was 
 perfectly well. The Dutchess goes to Comus to-morrow night ; 
 there is news for you. So God bless you. D. 
 
 Lord Bateman to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1754, September 14. Shobdon. — Wishing him joy in his 
 marriage, and hoping that Lady George will make him as happy 
 as her sister has made himself. 
 
 Col. Irwin to the Same. 
 
 1754, Sept. 15. Kinsale. — Congratulating him on the occasion 
 of his marriage. 
 
 Lady George Sackville to the Same. 
 
 [1756 ?] — Containing many assurances of her affection for the 
 " dearest everlasting object " of all her care and tenderness. 
 Begins to hope that he may not be sent abroad, and feels a dawn of 
 happiness after her excess of misery. The Tuftons have sent word 
 that they are coming to her a week hence, but if her " dearest man " 
 is sent away from her, she will be quite incapable of seeing them. 
 
 M. Lady Southwell to the Same. 
 
 [No date.] — Concerning a request already made, apparently 
 on behalf of her son ; the granting of which she has no hopes of, 
 except from the Duke of Dorset's and Lord George's goodness. 
 
 Horace Walpole to the Same. 
 
 1757, August 6. Arlington Street. — " I am perhaps doing a very 
 impertinent thing, and very malapropos, giving myself an air of 
 consequence ; but it is of consequence to me not to forfeit your 
 good opinion very innocently. I came to town last night, where 
 
44 
 
 I have not been two days together these three weeks or more. 
 The bookseller, who printed my simple Chinese Letter, told me 
 with a very significant look that he heard I had writ something 
 else since, with which it seems I had not trusted him. This was a 
 Letter from the Elysian fields. It struck me that the Speaker had 
 a few days ago, with more earnestness than I then minded, pressed 
 me to tell him who did write it. I told him very honestly that 
 I neither knew nor had ever inquired. I read it when it came out, 
 and did not admire it enough ever to inquire. Since I came home 
 I have sent for it and read it, and that makes me now trouble 
 your Lordship. I would flatter myself even as an author that it 
 is not like me. In the impertinences to some for whom I have 
 the greatest regard I am sure it is most unlike me. I can guess 
 no reason for its being imputed to me but its being a letter like 
 the Chinese one. 
 
 My dear Lord (I hope I may say so), I am not apt to be 
 serious ; I am on this head, and very much hurt. I never 
 thought any kind of my writing worth preserving. I should beg 
 this letter may be, that if the most distant day could bring out 
 the least trace of that Elysian letter being mine, my honour, 
 which I most seriously give you, that I know not the least tittle 
 relating to it, and my own hand and name may rise in judgment 
 against me. When I have said this, I hope you will not tell how 
 much I am punished for my writing follies, and that I, who care 
 not a great deal for what is said of me that is true, am so liable to 
 be wounded by lies. 
 
 Loed Geokge Sackville to Hugo (his aide-de-camp at Minden). 
 
 1760, August 27. — I have received your letter of the 15th, but 
 fear you have not got mine, sent by Capt. Edward Smith of Cope's 
 Dragoons, as soon as I heard of your misfortunes, to assure you 
 of the part I took in them and to express my strong regard and 
 friendship. 
 
 " Your sentiments in regard to entering into the service of 
 another sovereign are becoming your former behavior. Most 
 people would have forgot to what country they had belonged, had 
 they met with the same treatment you have done. I should be 
 happy if I could contribute to the establishing you either in the 
 King of Denmark or King of Sardinia's service . . . but 
 I really see no other channel through which I or any of my 
 friends could assist you but through the means of the ministers 
 of those Princes here, or of the English ministers residing at 
 their courts ; and then after the resentment his Majesty has been 
 pleased to show both against me and you, I am persuaded no 
 minister would venture upon any private recommendation to 
 interfere in an affair which might draw upon himself the strongest 
 displeasure of the King. On my part, I must have recourse to 
 patience till time shall alter circumstances . . . You say 
 your family has connections in Denmark, and that they will be 
 ready to exert themselves in your favour, but that commissions 
 there are not to be had but for money. Let me entreat 
 you, my dear Hugo, not to let so trifling a consideration 
 
45 
 
 stop your endeavours. ... I thank God I have sufficient 
 for myself and my friends, and I do insist upon it, if you have the 
 least regard or friendship for me, that you would call upon me for 
 whatever may be necessary ... I really make you but a 
 little compliment in offering you what I do not want myself." 
 
 [Lady Betty Germain to Lord George Sackville.] 
 
 [1760, August 28.]— "Drayton Hall, for so I had a letter 
 directed, but I suppose 'twas because we are jolley all. The Miss 
 Coats Lady Temple brought is a mighty pretty woman, well-bred 
 and sensible ; sings both French and English, though never 
 learnt either French or to sing ; has prodigious fine black 
 eye-brows, and half her eyelashes are white, the other half black. 
 She is a grand-daughter of a Lord William Digby ; I don't know 
 whether that was our Lord Digby. She is a parson's daughter 
 and but a small matter of fortune ; I fancy Lord Temple makes 
 pure work with his love to her, for that, you know, comes 
 of course. Considering what short dabs I have from Stone- 
 land, this is a pretty long Drayton answer. So God bless you 
 all." \_Nanie and date given only in the endorsement. ~\ 
 
 Sir Henry Erskine to the Same. 
 
 [1760,] December 11 . Cavendish Square. — Your friend [? Hugo] 
 can expect no public relief during the war, but a private one may 
 probably reach him through a secret friend. Either of the services 
 you mention is unexceptionable, but my advice would be for him 
 to remain where he is till a more favourable opportunity offer. 
 
 "My friend Wedderburn is very indolent, 'tis long since he 
 promised my friend Mr. William Mayne to request his Grace 
 the Duke of Dorset's interest for him in Canterbury, where he 
 has declared himself a candidate. Mr. Mayne is attached to 
 Lord Bute, who espouses his interest. May I presume to 
 ask the favour of your Lordship to request the Duke 
 of Dorset to recommend him to Sir Thomas Hales, Dr. Curtis, and 
 such gentlemen as have influence in Canterbury, that he may not 
 appear as one totally unknown, which they endeavour to represent 
 him in that city. I understand he can now bring upwards of 
 three hundred single votes to the poll, and he thinks he must 
 succeed. He has not yet joined with any other of the many can- 
 didates in the field, and has left it to his friends in the Corporation 
 to determine which of them he shall join. The Duke of Newcastle 
 has a disposition to support Sir James Creed, but it is thought 
 that he cannot possibly carry the election. The Duke of 
 Bichmond has thrown up his place in the bed chamber, but not 
 his regiment. Lord Fitzmaurice being appointed aide-de-camp, 
 and his brother Lord George not being appointed, is the cause. 
 Some conjecture that he expected to be pressed to keep the 
 employment of Lord of the Bed Chamber and was disappointed. 
 General Armiger is appointed to the 40th Begiment, late 
 Barrington's, Lord Malpas to Armiger's and Col. Haviland to an 
 American battalion. I believe Col. Harvey is also an aide-de- 
 
46 
 
 camp. It is thought Lord Downe cannot survive his wounds.* 
 The appointment of the three new Lords and the three new 
 Grooms is a measure of Lord Bute's avowed. Some of Mr. Pitt's 
 friends give it unjustly to him." 
 
 Sir H. Erskine to Lord George Sackville. 
 1762, October 26. Cavendish Square. — Eequesting his support 
 for a friend of his own in the borough of East Grinstead. Men- 
 tions that General St. Clair is not well, but Lady Erskine is 
 better. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to his brother, Lord Middlesex. 
 
 [1765, October.!] — " Lord George has nothing more at heart 
 than to preserve that union in the family which he natters him- 
 self now happily subsists, and as he is sensible that any 
 disagreement between Lord Middlesex and him will lessen the 
 credit and consideration of them both, Lord George is resolved 
 on his part to take every step that may prevent even the appear- 
 ance of any misunderstanding, and trusts that he shall find 
 the same friendly disposition in Lord Middlesex. 
 
 " The interest of East Grinstead requires an immediate 
 consideration, and though Lord George understands that he is 
 entitled to all the Burgage Holds which the Duke of Dorset died 
 possessed of, yet as Lord Middlesex apprehends that under his 
 settlement he has a claim to some of them, Lord George is willing 
 to give up the recommending any particular friend of his own, 
 upon the present vacancy, and will join in supporting some 
 gentleman in this neighbourhood of fortune and independency, 
 whose principles and connections have induced him to act with 
 this family, and it is equal to him whether it should be Sir 
 Charles Farnaby, Mr. Warde, or Mr. James of Ightam, if his 
 health could permit his undertaking the attendance, in which case 
 Lord Middlesex would have the credit of bringing into Parliament 
 a neighbour of his own, and by showing attention to the old 
 friends of this House preserve that interest in the county which 
 is at present so firmly established, and Lord George will have 
 the satisfaction of proving himself united with the head of his 
 family and contributing, as far as is in his power, to the weight 
 and consequence of it. 
 
 "If Lord Middlesex should have had any thoughts of proposing 
 Sir John Dyke, Lord George begs leave to offer three very material 
 objections to him. The first is the imprudence of trusting a man 
 with the possession of a borough in which he has so formidable 
 an interest of his own. The second is that the adopting a man of 
 connections and principles so different from those upon which we 
 have ever acted will argue unsteadiness on our part, and will 
 alarm every gentleman in this county who calls himself a Whig. 
 The third is more of a private nature, and relates immediately to 
 
 * Lord Downe was wounded at the battle of Campen, October 16, 1760. He had 
 died two days before this letter was written. 
 
 f This letter is undated, but was written immediately after the death of Lionel, 
 Duke of Dorset, on the 10th Oct., 1765. 
 
47 
 
 Lord George's own situation, as it is impossible for him, either 
 from a regard to propriety, decency, or duty [to] exert the interest 
 left to him by the Duke of Dorset in favour of one who would 
 have been his strongest opponent. Lord George has no more to 
 say upon the ensuing election, but as he most sincerely wishes to 
 have the dispute settled as to the property of the Burgage Holds 
 in the least public and most amicable way possible, he is willing 
 to refer his title to any two persons eminent in the profession of 
 the law which Lord Middlesex and he shall mutually agree to, and 
 abide by their determination, and in case the right to those in 
 dispute should be in Lord Middlesex Lord George is then 
 desirous of entering into an agreement of nominating one and 
 one at the next general election, trusting always from the reasons 
 above given that Lord George will never be desired to vote for 
 Sir John Dyke." Draft. 
 
 Geokge, Viscount Sackville, to Mr. Alexander Lindsay, 
 " late sergeant in the 20th regiment." 
 
 1783, Aug. 14, Drayton ; 1783, Dec. 13, Pall Mall; 1784, June 
 30, Stoneland Lodge; 1785, June 29, Pall Mall. — Four letters 
 respecting Lindsay's desire that he may be placed upon the list 
 of Chelsea Hospital. In the third of these letters, Lord Sackville 
 says that Sir George Howard, Governor of the Hospital, has 
 complied with his wish. This turned out to be a mistake, and in 
 his fourth letter he writes, "Mr. Lindsay, I am sorry that I should 
 have sent you an account of the assurances I had received of 
 your being placed upon the list, but upon inquiry finding there 
 was a mistake in that business by having placed a person of your 
 name upon it, I cannot permit you to suffer by such an accident, 
 and therefore I enclose to you an order for ten guineas which I 
 desire you to accept as a mark of my regard, and you may depend 
 upon my sending you the like sum every year as long as I live. 
 The next payment shall be made in the month of March upon 
 receiving a line from you. I am your friend and well wisher, 
 Sackville." 
 
 Viscount Sackville to his son Charles. 
 
 1785, May 4. Pall Mall.— I shall be at Drayton on the 9th, 
 and the sooner you meet us there the better. Caroline has a bad 
 cold, made worse by her going to Kanelagh. "Mr. Sackville 
 returned last night from Paris, where he left the Bed Monk in 
 high spirits and delight. The Duke of Dorset can fix no time for 
 making us a visit, as he waits the event of war or peace between the 
 Emperor and the Dutch. . . . George is impatient to be gone; 
 Herbert is upon a fishing party, and Bess attends ; what a bout 
 for her." 
 
 * "30th Dec, 1765, Sir Charles Farnaby, bart., of Sevenoaks, county Kent, 
 [returned] vice Charles Sackville, commonly called Earl of Middlesex, called to the 
 Upper House as Duke of Dorset." 
 
48 
 
 Viscount Sackville to his son Charles. 
 
 1785, June 17. Pall Mall. — These Irish propositions are still 
 depending in the House of Lords, and when they will be finished 
 I cannot guess, but I hope to get away from town in about 
 ten days. " The Herberts had the happiness of catching 
 and eating several pike. I told them their equipage and attend- 
 ance were the subject of conversation at Oxford. Bess laughed, 
 but Herbert thought I had invented the story and rather looked 
 grave . . . Miss C. Leighton honours Caroline with her company 
 to Stoneland when we settle there. In the meanwhile, she lives in 
 Berkeley Square at Mrs. Corbett's, her sister in one apartment, 
 and she in the other. They only meet at dinner to quarrel. . . 
 Your house at Whitehall is preparing for you. So many repairs 
 are wanting that you must not be surprised if you hear that I am 
 ruined. 
 
 " The Ked Monk is at last gone to Withyam. G. Darner went 
 to the cricket match at Peckham, and was much entertained with 
 seeing old Cumberland directing all the players, and Charles 
 acting first part in the game, but unfortunately Tunbridge lost 
 the match, and the only comfort the father had was that his boy 
 had done his duty. We have had a little rioting about the taxing 
 of shops and maid servants, Mr. Pitt was hissed and pursued in 
 going to and from the House of Commons, and in the evening 
 the Guards were sent to disperse the mob collected about his 
 house. Even Mr. Pitt must share the fate of all ministers in this 
 country, and submit to be for a time unpopular. 
 
 " The Prince of Wales has given a magnificent ball, and is now 
 wise enough to go to Court and behave with seeming propriety to 
 his father." 
 
 H. A. Herbert to [Charles] Viscount Sackville. 
 
 1792,. January 23. Dublin, No. 69 Dame Street.— "I had hoped 
 long before this time to have met you and your brother in England, 
 and to have consulted with you on several points relative to my 
 unfortunate wife and my children now deserted by their mother," 
 but my lawyers think that for at least ten months I should not 
 enter the same kingdom as your unhappy sister. " When I left 
 Muckross last week your nephews were both perfectly well. They 
 are fine boys; the eldest remarkably handsome." I have found 
 a school in every way eligible for a year or two and shall hope 
 for your opinion as regards their future education. In a will made 
 last October I have taken the liberty of nominating you one of 
 their guardians. 
 
 Lord and Lady Bateman to Mr. Gladwell at Viscount 
 Sackville's, Drayton. 
 
 1797, August 3, and 1799, August 5. Shobdon Court. — 
 Eelative to leases of the Rushden Estate, the Rectory of Rushden, 
 and the tithes of Higham Park. 
 
49 
 
 The Earl of Middlesex. 
 
 N.D. — A paper headed, " A full and true account of the Horrid, 
 Barbarous, and unnatural Murther committed upon the credit, 
 quiet, and estate of the Earl of Middlesex by Charles Sackville, 
 Esq. ' Spare my Life and take all I have.' " Apparently a list of 
 mortgages, with amounts of principal, interest and arrears. 
 
 IV. — HOME AFFAIRS, 1755-1784. 
 
 Henry Fox to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1755, Sep. 29.-— " The King has declared his intention to make 
 me Secretary of State, and give me the conduct of his affairs in 
 the House of Commons. If I might natter myself that your 
 lordship approves of this and would support me in my new 
 station, I should be happy and obliged to a very great degree. I 
 know your lordship's abilitys, and should esteem your friendship 
 and be proud of it. I am not to take the seals till after the 
 meeting of Parliament, because a debate is expected the first day, 
 on which subject I will say nothing here, proposing to wait upon 
 your lordship as soon as I hear you are in town." 
 
 Annexed, 
 
 Draft of Lord G. Sackville's reply, hoping that the plan upon 
 which the new system is formed and the measures which are 
 to be passed in consequence of it may be such as will enable 
 him to prove his friendship to Mr. Fox, whom he con- 
 gratulates upon the great confidence which the King has 
 reposed in him. 
 
 Memorandum by Lord George Sackville. 
 
 [1755, November?] — To return thanks to the Duke of 
 N [ewcastle] for the honour he does me in thinking me worthy of 
 his attention. That I hope to deserve the King's favour by 
 expressing the strongest zeal for his service, but that I desire to 
 remain free from a particular connection with any of his 
 ministers. I cannot ask for distinction or emolument in my 
 profession, since I am to obtain it by resolving to support future 
 measures of which I cannot have the least knowledge, and 
 defend those that are past, which I cannot yet comprehend. 
 
 I trust that by saying this I shall not be represented to his 
 Majesty in the light of a person discontented or desirous to distress 
 those ministers he may please to employ. I heartily wish I may 
 be able to join in the support of every measure they may propose, 
 for I do declare that I have neither political connection nor engage- 
 ment with any party or person whatsoever, and I farther hope 
 that I shall not be driven into it by being misrepresented to the 
 King, and consequently debarred from those marks of his favour 
 which my rank in the army or my services may give me reason to 
 hope for. 
 
 21250 
 
 E> 
 
50 
 
 Lord George Sackville to the Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 [1755, November?] — '"I took the liberty of fully explaining 
 my situation to your Grace when I last waited upon you, and if 
 you will be pleased to recollect what I then said I flatter myself 
 that you will see how impossible it would be for me to take a part 
 which would declare the strongest attachment to the present 
 administration. Draft. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to [Henry Fox ?] 
 
 [1755, November?] — Kegrets that he is obliged to decline the 
 Duke of Newcastle's and his offer of moving or seconding the 
 address in conjunction with Lord Hillsborough. 
 
 Henry Fox to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1756, Oct. 28.— " The Duke of Newcastle has retired from the 
 King's service without either place or pension. He might, you 
 may beleive, have had either. His Majesty sent for me yester- 
 day, and told me this ; said he had sent to Pitt ; but that treaty 
 was off. He might perhaps, however, join with me, on terms of 
 common sense at least, though he would not with the Duke of 
 Newcastle upon any, and commanded me to try hira. Would it 
 be too much, my lord, if I should beg of your lordship to let me 
 see you on this occasion. Things are in such a crisis that the 
 wise or foolish conduct of so inconsiderable a person as I am, 
 may be of the utmost consequence. I will do anything to join 
 with Pitt, and nothing more willingly than declining the station 
 I shall be forced into if we do not join. For, as the King says, 
 he must be served by somebody, and things must not be suffered 
 to go into confusion if it can be avoided. I doubt much whether, 
 but by our junction, confusion is avoidable, and therefore there 
 is no part I will not act, and our junction, let my part be ever so 
 subordinate, will do the business. No time is to be lost, my 
 lord, and therefore if you will honour me with a meeting it must 
 be soon." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1756, Oct. 30. — " I have not heard particulars, but only in 
 general, that Pitt was more moderate to the Duke of Devonshire 
 to-day than he had been to others. That moderation not extend- 
 ing, however, to act with me as a minister. 
 
 " If I know more I'll tell your lordship more to-morrow. I am 
 sure I ought to apprise your lordship of everything relative to 
 my situation, and the situation of the publick after your coming 
 on my invitation to consult on both." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1756, Nov. 4. — " You may wonder at not hearing from me an 
 account of our proceedings here. But they have varied so 
 
51 
 
 perpetually and so strangely that till something seemed near 
 fixing, I would not perplex myself with writing, nor your lordship 
 with reading, on so confused a subject. The matter now stands 
 thus — The Duke of Devonshire, after having long refused, 
 yesterday told the King he would be First Lord of the Treasury, 
 with Legge, his Chancellor of the Exchequer. The offer now is 
 with Pitt thus, Duke of Devonshire, First Lord ; Legge, Chan- 
 cellor of the Exchequer; Pitt, Secretary of State; Lord Temple, 
 First Lord of the Admiralty, with 4 or 5 Lords of the Admiralty 
 of his own naming. All their friends provided for according to 
 their own modest demands. I might be Paymaster, though 
 Mr. Pitt thinks that would be too like Mr. Pelham in the year 
 1742, and that I had better let G. Grenville have it, and be 
 Treasurer of the Navy. I desired to be excused from any 
 employment and in the offer [as] it stands, Mr. Fox will have 
 no employment. Pitt demurs to the whole of this, because Lord 
 Holdernesse is not out, and his Majesty won't promise him the 
 northern province. But he will consult Lord Temple and give 
 his answer to-morrow night. 
 
 "Now, my lord, this is not my doing, but I approve of it since 
 it is the only method of gaining peace and quiet in this sessions. 
 Three months domestick quiet is as necessary to this country as 
 ever a night's sleep was to a man dying in a fever. If I under- 
 take it, there must be such contention in the House that nothing 
 could be well done out of it. Mr. Pitt is arrogant, and I think 
 dishonest, if not mad, to take the whole upon him. I had 
 rather he should be so than I, and I will assist him, being out of 
 employment, and endeavour to make his administration as little 
 detrimental as may be to the public. Am I not in the right, my 
 Lord ? But all this may perhaps be altered by Mr. Pitt's 
 answer, and as soon as I know it, I will send it to your lordship." 
 
 William Pitt to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1757, Oct. 15. — "I am honour'd with your lordship's letter of 
 the 12th and feel a very particular satisfaction in knowing that 
 you do me the justice to believe nothing can be indifferent to me 
 about which you can form a wish. The favourable and kind 
 sentiments with which your lordship is so good to accompany 
 your commands to your humble servant must ever be rank'd 
 among my most valuable possessions, and I assure your lordship 
 that (however ill I know my title to be), this is the property I 
 intend the longest to defend. J dare say Mr. Cunningham's 
 affair will meet with no difficulty, but whatever I am able to do 
 shall be employ'd if necessary with the utmost zeal on the 
 occasion. 
 
 " Total inexecution of plan in America, and the unhappy 
 retreat from the coast of Bochefort, re intentata, have on various 
 accounts sunk me into little less than despair of the publick. I 
 shall abstain from giving and indeed from finally forming an 
 opinion concerning the conduct of any, in a matter so serious, till 
 full information enables and compells me to declare one ; in the 
 
52 
 
 meantime I see no end of the train of mischiefs following such 
 events. The state of the nation is indeed a perilous one, and 
 fitter for meditation than discourse ; at least not subject matter 
 of a letter by the post. I hope it will not be long before I have 
 the succour and consolation of full conversation with your lord- 
 ship on a scene of distress and danger that demands all the 
 ability the age can furnish and the best portion of which your 
 lordship has to give." 
 
 Lord Bristol to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1757, Oct. 26. Turin. — " . . . You judged very right in 
 saying that I should not have liked being at home during the 
 agitations of last winter ; I was very well contented to be at a 
 distance, for I am not of the same opinion with an acquaintance 
 of mine about troubled waters. We are entirely quiet in Italy, 
 and there is no prospect of any disturbances on our side the Alps. 
 Our campain in America has, I find, been an unactive one ; it 
 would have been well if that in Germany had been the same, for 
 we and our allys have been losing ground since the King of 
 Prussia's fatal battle on the 18th of June, for to that I ascribe all 
 the misfortunes in Bohemia as well as those in Lower Saxony ; 
 since, in case the Austrians had been beat that day, a consider- 
 able detachment might have been made from the Prussian army 
 to enforce that of observation, and then they might have kept 
 their ground. Admiral Watson's success in the East Indies has 
 been the only sort of good news we have received for a long time. 
 We hear nothing of the great fleet since the commanders have 
 thought proper to retire from the western coasts of France ; our 
 enemy either was or pretended to be very apprehensive lest that 
 force should have fallen upon Kochefort, as there were four ships 
 of the line there, and very considerable stores of all kinds; what- 
 ever is the destination of that armament, I hope success will 
 attend it." 
 
 Lady Betty Germain confirms the bad accounts you sent me 
 of Lady Vere. Mr. Compton is at Florence. Lieut. -Col. Otway 
 who lived at Kiver-hill, close to Knole park, is now here with Lord 
 Mandeville. 
 
 Lord Temple to the Same. 
 
 1757, Dec. 21. Stowe. — " I cannot possibly let the messenger 
 return with your commission f sealed by me and not avail myself 
 of this pleasing opportunity of expressing to you with how much 
 satisfaction I executed this part of my office. I rejoice for my own 
 sake as one poor individual of the public at large at every step 
 that your lordship takes towards the head of your profession, 
 because it affords to me the flattering prospect that I may live to 
 see the military glory of this country once again retrieved, and 
 hear from you and of you as important and decisive news as your 
 
 * Then Lord Privy Seal, 
 t As Lieut.-General of the Ordnance. 
 
53 
 
 messenger has just brought us from Silesia. Add to this every 
 private consideration of friendship and esteem with which I am," 
 &c. 
 
 Postscript. — The brotherhood here, George and Jemmy, join 
 with me in sincerest compliments of kind congratulation. 
 
 Duke of Marlborough to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1757, December 31. Blenheim. — Will come to town next week. 
 A list of officers whose turns it will be to be promoted is said to 
 be enclosed. 
 
 Lord Mansfield to the Same. 
 
 1758, Jan. 1. Kenwood. — Chiefly concerning the behaviour of 
 Mr. Lindsay. 
 
 Lord Ligonier to tb-e Same. 
 
 1758, Jan. 12. Cobham. — "Hotham tells me he acquainted 
 you with the King having named the staff for 1758. I only say 
 m addition that his Majesty struck off with his own hand Mor- 
 daunt, Conway, and Cornwalis. I have no more to say but that 
 Lord George Sackville will be declared Lieutenant-General next 
 Monday, and that I have laughed more in two hours at Cobham 
 this day than in two months in London ; and so I leave the pen 
 to Hotham, a gentleman of wit and humour." Hotham adds a 
 few lines of congratulation. 
 
 Duke of Newcastle to the Same. 
 
 1758, Oct. 31. Newcastle House. — Condoles with Lord George 
 upon the loss which the King, the nation and his friends have 
 suffered by the Duke of Marlborough's death. " I immediately 
 acquainted the King with the full contents of your lordship's 
 letter, and his Majesty was pleased to declare his intentions that 
 your lordship should be appointed General and Commander-in- 
 Chief of the British forces in Germany in the same manner that 
 the Duke of Marlborough was, except as to the posting officers 
 upon vacancies." The reason for this is explained, with the 
 assurance that the same stipulation would have been made 
 whoever had succeeded the Duke of Marlborough. Urges the 
 keeping down of expenses, and the continuance of that good 
 understanding between the British and Electoral troops which 
 the late Duke of Marlborough so successfully maintained. 
 
 Lord Ligonier to the Same. 
 
 1758, Oct. 31. London. — " I am extreamly and sincerely con- 
 cerned for the death of the Duke of Marlborough, and would have 
 felt it more as a publick loss if you had not been there to supply 
 his place. The King has appointed your lordship Commander- 
 in-Chief in his place, and I wish it had been with all circumstances 
 
54 
 
 that might have made it entirely agreable to you. But some 
 incidents that arose from commissions filled up by Mr. Bligh has 
 made his Majesty take the resolution never to give powers, even 
 of posting officers in Europe, nor could all the ministers, and 
 after them your humble servant, move him. He said you might 
 recommend those you thought worthy, and he would then confirm 
 or not your recommendations. Now, my dear lord, you will 
 judge wrong if you think this is done to Lord George Sackville, 
 for that is not the case. The Master-General [of Ordnance] is 
 not named. . . . The Duke of Newcastle and Mr. Pitt say 
 (who they mean they did not say) that there was but one man 
 could have it." Major McDowall of Woolff s is dead. I mean 
 to recommend your friend, Capt. Bowyer. 
 
 Lord Bute to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1758, Nov. 17. London. — " I hope you won't think it flattery 
 in me to say that your accounts are so clear and so ably drawn 
 that I fancy few like them come over to this countrey. I rejoice 
 extremely at your having the command, it was your due every 
 way. At the same time I observe with indignation that it is 
 given by halves, but you'll easily guess where the hitch was, as 
 Lord Ligonier assures me every method was taken by your friends 
 to make it compleat." I beg your protection for a very pretty 
 young artillery officer, son to one of the Prince's pages. His name 
 is Kichard Chapman, lieutenant in Gen. Belford's regiment, and 
 he wishes to purchase the adjutant's place, hearing that Capt. 
 MacLean wants to sell out. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1759, April 26. London. — I thank you for your two kind 
 letters, and for the great insight you give me into the situation 
 of our military affairs, in Germany. I lament the check which 
 Prince Ferdinand has met with, and the inactivity of Prince 
 Henry, who seems for ever to disappear at the critical moment. 
 I have nothing from here worthy your perusal ; " factions, 
 jealousy s, heart-burnings, would fill the empty pages . . . Lord 
 Derby made a severe attack upon the additional salaries voted to 
 the Judges, and was upon that occasion seconded by a friend of 
 ours who appeared by his speech to intend the same attack against 
 our little friend that he suffered in your house. If this goes on, 
 a rupture must ensue. I have been obliged to declare loudly 
 that this little personage was under the same protection with 
 other gentlemen ; that it was very difficult to force young -men in 
 exalted situations to abandon their friends against their declared 
 will ; that it would produce bad effects &c. ; but all hitherto to 
 litle purpose. I see plainly private animosity gets the better of 
 publick, nay of prudential considerations. In all events I am 
 determined on the road I'll take, and no party prejudice shall 
 
 make me turn one minute out of it Poor Pitt has had a 
 
 dreadful time of it ; near three weeks of gout with a high feavear ; 
 he is out of pain but pulled [down] extremely.' " 
 
55 
 
 Charles Frederick to [Lord George Sackville]. 
 
 1759, May 5. Berkeley Square. — Clothing is to be sent to 
 America and artillery officers are to go with it. The French fleet 
 at Brest is formidable, but we are in a condition to resist their 
 efforts and to issue what ordnance may be required at home or 
 abroad. There is no news from Guadeloupe or the East Indies. 
 The report I gave you o>f changes is now discredited, but people 
 still say there is a want of harmony. Lord Ligonier has been 
 ill; the post of Master General is not filled up. "Yesterday 
 Mr. Pitt came to the House after having been at court for 
 the first time since his late fit of the gout. The order of 
 the day was the Bill for restraining privateers, which had met 
 with opposition. Mr. Pitt spoke the second in the day, in favour 
 of the Bill and in answer to Mr. Beckford, and declared, if he 
 was sure to be single he would divide the House, being so 
 thoroughly convinced of the utility and necessity of the Bill's 
 passing ; that every neutral power expected redress, and 
 moderation now would be justice, whereas in a little time, per- 
 haps, it would be construed to be fear. His speech had its desired 
 effect, and stopped all opposition. He was supported in this by 
 all the ministry. I forgot to mention his saying he was as 
 inclinable to an honourable peace as any man, but if any declared 
 we were unable to go on with the war it was in fact throwing a 
 carte blanche to the French, and such a declaration could only 
 proceed from timidity of temper, ignorance of our state, or a worse 
 motive than he would name." The Lords of the Treasury have 
 purchased Mr. Price's powder mills, which I foresee will be a 
 most expensive purchase. Mr. Price has 6001. a year as a 
 sinecure, he knows nothing of the mysteries of making gun- 
 powder, and in 13 years the greatest part of the purchase, being 
 upon lease, goes out of the power of the Crown. 
 
 " Sampson Gideon being a Jew could not be made a baronet, 
 therefore his son is to be one, who eats pork and is a Protestant." 
 The two post masters places are not filled up, they talk of dividing 
 them into three. Mr. Hammond, whom your lordship sent a 
 warrant for to be a cadet, was examined, but not being found to 
 be properly qualified was advised to go to an academy and to 
 report himself again. 
 
 The Same to [the Same ?] . 
 
 1759, May 29. Berkeley Square. — On the subject of the 
 expense of the Hanoverian Artillery. The Office of Master- 
 General is still vacant, though it is rumoured that Lord Ligonier 
 is to have it. " Lord Besborough, Hampden, and Lord North 
 kissed hands this day. The Cambrick Bill was before the Lords 
 yesterday, when Lord Bavensworth made a long speech for 
 encreasing the salary of the Prince of Wales, it alarmed, but was 
 unsupported, and consequently dropped." 
 
 * Mr. (afterwards Sir) Charles Frederick was one of the Board of Ordnance. 
 Lord G. Sackville was still Lieut. -General of the Ordnance. This letter and the 
 three following are bound up with those relating to the Seven Years' War. 
 
56 
 
 Lord Ligonier to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1759, May 29. London. — Has received his letter of 20th. 
 They talk of invasion in France ; the militia is to be called out. 
 Hawk {sie) is blocking up Brest. The Ordnance is still vacant. 
 
 Lord Holdernesse to the Same. 
 
 1759, June 5. London. — " . . . We rub on pretty much 
 as when you left us, nobody quite pleased, nobody openly angry 
 -as yet, but there is that sort of combustible matter dispersed 
 amongst us that any small spark may set fire to the train and 
 blow up the fabrick, and yet with all this possibility of mischief I 
 am not without hopes that things will go on without any material 
 crash, at least till the campaign is over. 
 
 " The enemy threaten us with invasion from all parts, it is certain 
 they are building and fitting numbers of large boats at a great 
 expence all along their eoast, but what can they do with them 
 unsuported by a fleet ? The most that can be said is that there 
 is a bare possibility that in a dark night some might scramble 
 over ; but can it be supposed that any civilized thinking nation 
 would risk troops upon so desperate a scheme. I own to you my 
 thought is that they mean by alarming us to take off our attention 
 from what I suspect to be the true design, viz., sending a 
 squadron to America, which joined to Bompart's may either attack 
 Saunders in North America or try to prevent our progress there ; 
 or else to attempt Commodore Moore and aim at conquests to the 
 southward ; this last scheme cannot take place just at this time 
 as the hurricane season is setting in. This is conjecture, but at 
 all events I have the comfort to think that all proper precautions 
 are taken, and you may be easy as to the consequences of 
 invasion as the Yorkshire militia is ready to take the field." 
 
 Lord Bute to the Same. 
 
 1759, July 2. Kew. — Lord George's letter has brought the 
 fullest information of the present situation of the army that 
 Saville House has yet seen. People at home seem to be greatly 
 pleased with the Guadaloupe conquerers. "Your lordship has 
 heard, no doubt, of our preperations here against the impending 
 danger, of our camps and their commanders. I own I most 
 sincerely wish you here, though I don't expect you'll thank me 
 for it." 
 
 Lord Holdernesse to the Same. 
 
 1759, July 3. London.— By letters from North America it 
 appears that the fleet under Admiral Saunders, and the troops 
 under General Wolfe, were proceeding up the river St. Lawrence. 
 Admiral Rodney sailed yesterday to attempt to bombard Havre 
 de Grace, and to destroy the boats the enemy are building there. 
 The King's confidence in Prince Ferdinand increases every day. 
 He has sent him the fullest powers to act as he thinks best. 
 
57 
 
 The Duee of Newcastle to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1759, July 5. Newcastle House. — Partly upon official matters 
 and the exchange of prisoners. "We civil gentlemen don't 
 understand cartels, &c, and therefore you military commanders 
 must direct us. . . . The King tells me that he leaves the 
 affair of the cartel entirely to Prince Ferdinand, and therefore 
 you will concert with his Highness what to do in settling these 
 matters. My dear lord, your combined army gives me more 
 trouble than all the other extensive parts of my agreable employ- 
 ment. . . . This affair of the prisoners will be solely in your 
 power ; paid for they must be, and you must tell us, after you 
 have examined the accounts, how much. There is also a terrible 
 grievance about magazines. . . . For God's sake my dear 
 lord assist me, and comfort poor Hunter. It is not now a 
 time to have grievances. We are impatient every post for 
 more news from you. We repose an entire confidence in you. I 
 am sure you will do for the best, and God grant you good 
 success. One happy blow on your side would disperse many 
 clouds which are now hanging over us. The .French think that 
 their affairs upon the Continent will go to their satisfaction. In 
 that I both hope and will believe they are mistaken. They push 
 their flat-bottomed attempts with the utmost vigour. . . . That 
 the attempt will be [made] I verily believe. I know what they 
 have said of it in so many courts that it would be ridiculous to 
 doubt it. I fancy their scheme is to keep our fleet [with] Admiral 
 Hawke at bay with theirs at Brest, and that they will risk to run 
 over their men in these flat-bottomed boats, as they are called. 
 . . . Admiral Rodney is sailed with nine ships, bombs, &c. 
 God knows where he is gone, but wherever he is gone I most 
 sincerely wish him success. ... I wish to God we could 
 increase your army with any foreign troops from some of the ill- 
 used, disgusted allies of France. Everybody would concur in it. 
 But God knows how we should pay for them, but that is no matter, 
 that is a trifling consideration. Holland will certainly rub on as 
 she has clone, not worse, and we may have some very little chance 
 of their doing a little better. Denmark is a great object. I can 
 hardly think they will act against us, at least the pretence of not 
 having justice done them in their maritime disputes must soon 
 be at an end, for all their ships are released, except I think three, 
 and they will be going on and soon determined." 
 
 Lord G. Sackville to Lord Bute. 
 
 [1760, end of October.] — News of the King's death has just 
 been received. Wishes to know whether it is proper to pay his 
 duty at Court as early as possible. 
 
 Privy Council to the Lord Lieutenant, and in his absence 
 to the Lords Justices and Privy Council of Ireland. 
 
 1760, December 3. Council Chamber at St. James' — Stating 
 that the Bills sent up do not appear to the King "to contain 
 
58 
 
 causes and considerations sufficient for the calling a new 
 Parliament" in Ireland, and requesting that others, of more 
 importance, may be prepared and transmitted. 34 signatures. 
 Copy. 
 
 Lord Mansfield to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1763, Jan. 4. Kenwood. — " Revolving in my mind the measure 
 you mentioned this morning, I incline to think there must be an 
 Act of Parliament. The precedent of 1756 is not applicable, 
 because you mean the proposed augmentation should be perpetual, 
 that it should be limited not to exceed a number named, and that 
 they should be paid by Ireland. 
 
 " I have just received, under a blank cover from Lord Halifax, 
 the Attorney-General's Report. I shall return it to-morrow and 
 propose to him to direct the Attorney and Solicitor-General to 
 draw a Bill that you may be prepared. The framing of it may 
 require some little nicety and judgement." 
 
 Henry Fox to the Same. 
 
 1763, Jan. 5. — On the same subject as Lord Mansfield's 
 letter. 
 
 Lord Bute to Sir Henry Erskine. 
 
 1763, April 8. — "I perceive by all you have lately hinted con- 
 cerning Lord George Sackville that he is very impatient to know 
 the King's sentiments concerning him. I have (with a view to 
 clear up this matter, and to serve him as far as lay in my power) 
 had a long conversation with the King on this subject, when after 
 urging his merit and abilitys, his hard usage, ever censured by 
 his Majesty himself, the great use he would of be at this critical 
 juncture, the King admitted all to be true, and even added that 
 he had flattered himself with the hopes of shewing him at this 
 period strong marks of his favor ; but though the time was 
 come, it was attended with too many untoward circumstances for 
 him to venture taking a step that to his knowledge would revolt 
 numbers about him, and greatly disturb the union now more 
 than ever necessary to carry on the only government he could 
 form to defend himself in the priviledge of the meanest subject; 
 that he could not help thinking that if Lord George had a real 
 regard for him, and was engaged by principle in the just support 
 of the Crown, he would not press him to do what he declined out 
 of no want of esteem, but from reasons of state alone ; that if he 
 came to Court he would soon be convinced of this, and that at a 
 proper opportunity offices might open to him that would lead to 
 higher ones, and then what appeared dangerous now would 
 become easy and even palatable. 
 
 "And now let Lord George, Sir Harry, seriously reflect on this, 
 and on the part you tell me he meditates if not humoured at 
 present. What, join the greatest enemy ever man had, who 
 aimed at no less than his blood, because the most benign of 
 
59 
 
 princes cannot do for him now even what the prince himself 
 wishes, without shaking an administration that is his last resource. 
 If these he Lord George's sentiments, if he he so ; , he is the man 
 his enemy took him for, and unworthy of the opinion I have 
 instilled into the King about him, and one whose very name he 
 will never suffer to be mentioned to him again." Extract. 
 
 Lord G. Sackville to Sir Henry Erskine. 
 
 1763, April 10. Pall Mall.— "I am obliged to you for com- 
 municating to me Lord Bute's letter. I certainly was very im- 
 patient to know what his Majesty's intentions were in regard to 
 me. I could not doubt of his gracious disposition in general from 
 the moment I was assured that he was sensible of the hard 
 usage I had met with, and I rely'd with confidence that I should 
 now have received marks of the King's favour, because that period 
 was come which my Lord Bute himself had fixed for my being 
 released from that situation to which I was reduced by the 
 violence and iniquity exercised against me in the late reign. 
 
 " I now perceive that many untoward circumstances are said 
 still to prevent his Majesty from doing me that justice which the 
 goodness of his heart and the benevolence of his mind would 
 naturally incline him to, for I am persuaded that the injured and 
 the oppressed are particularly entitled to the King's compassion 
 and protection, but if I am to continue unrelieved till every part 
 of administration should wish to see me restored to favour and 
 employment, I may pass the remainder of my life in vain 
 expectation, for I am sensible that till his Majesty declares me 
 not unworthy of his countenance, those who from the fashion of 
 the times or the malevolence of their own hearts are conscious of 
 having injured me will never wish to see my persecution cease, 
 and when I was formerly promised support, I could not under- 
 stand it as depending upon the circumstances now mentioned. 
 
 "His lordship is pleased to say that if I went to Court I should 
 soon be convinced that the King declined to what I desired, not 
 from want of esteem but from reasons of state alone. You know 
 very well why I have not pay'd my personal duty to his Majesty. 
 It was not from choice but from want of knowing whether my 
 appearance there would be proper after the hint I had from you 
 about it. If I now am to depend upon being looked upon with 
 that graciousness which his Majesty usually shows to those who 
 are honoured with his approbation, I should be most happy in 
 receiving that as the first mark of his favour, for you may be sure 
 after what happened at his first coming, to the throne I should be 
 most cautious of ever risking my returning to the King's presence 
 without an assurance of such a reception as might be a credit and 
 honour to me. 
 
 "As to the latter part of the letter, it must have been in answer 
 to something you wrote from your own ideas of what I might be 
 
 * A blank in the MS. here. 
 
60 
 
 reduced to do, as I do not recollect I desired you to mention any- 
 thing relative to my future conduct. I hope my behaviour for 
 many years past may have convinced my Lord Bute of my ever 
 having acted in support of the Crown upon just principles. I 
 will go farther, I have lately acted not only from duty but, if I 
 may be allowed the expression, from affection. I have admired 
 the King's character, I have respected his virtues, and I trust 
 nothing will ever induce me to enter into faction for the distressing 
 the Crown. My particular circumstances prevent my correspon- 
 dence with those who were the authors of my misfortunes. 
 Nothing but the utmost necessity shall oblige me to give any 
 degree of opposition to such ministers as the King may employ, 
 but if I am sensible that those about his Majesty shall persist in 
 preventing me from receiving those marks of the King's justice 
 which his own benign and amiable disposition would incline him 
 to show to the meanest of his subjects, surely I may be allowed 
 to declare in Parliament my disapprobation of the measures of 
 such men, as the only constitutional resentment which can be 
 shown by individuals to the servants of the Crown, without being 
 thought deserving of such terms of reproach as are expressed and 
 insinuated in his lordship's letter. 
 
 " I cannot conclude without thanking you very sincerely for 
 the many instances of your regard and friendship, and begging 
 you to assure my Lord Bute that had he continued in business I 
 should have been happy in exerting my little abilities in support 
 of his administration, and that I now wish he may enjoy that 
 satisfaction in his retirement which he either expects or desires." 
 Draft or copy. 
 
 Duke of Newcastle to the Hon. Charles Townshend. 
 
 1764, April 29. Claremont. — " I take the earliest opportunity 
 to return you my most sincere thanks for your very kind letter, 
 which I received yesterday morning by my first post. I am very 
 sorry to hear that your indisposition remained so long, but I 
 hope you are now perfectly recovered, and that I shall soon have 
 the honour and pleasure of your company here. I entirely agree 
 with you in everything you say upon the cruel and alarming 
 treatment of that meritorious man, General Conway. You have, 
 in the prettiest and most obliging manner to him expressed all 
 I think or fear upon the subject, which I am afraid will be 
 attended with real bad consequences, if not taken up with the 
 spirit it ought as soon as the Parliament meets. 
 
 I am very sorry (you will forgive me for saying so) that I 
 cannot totally agree with you in your observations upon our 
 present situation. I hope it is not so bad, but it wants a great 
 deal of spirit, care and attention to rectify it. Had these acts of 
 violence been vigorously taken up in the case of the Duke of 
 Devonshire, as I then was of opinion it should, no administration 
 would have ventured to have followed them in the manner that 
 has been done ; some stop must be put to it. I don't think the 
 spirit in the nation is altered, or, by my accounts, any material 
 
61 
 
 alteration in the City ; the true way of judging of the sense of 
 the City is by the state of credit, and I don't find that that is 
 mended by creating a new debt to pay off an old one, and leaving 
 an arrear which grows worse every day, and will, if that goes on, 
 make the payment impracticable at last. The impression which 
 the Court has made upon the liberty of the Press is too certain, 
 and much to be lamented. An exhorbitant fine upon a poor 
 printer for abusing Mr. David Hume will have more effect upon 
 the Press than even any act of Parliament to restrain it. 
 
 I have seen from the beginning a disposition to lay our mis- 
 fortunes and want of making use of the great advantages gained 
 the beginning of last session, to too great an attention to our 
 Cambridge affair. I am sorry for it, though it heightens the 
 obligation to your humble servant for the great benefit which we 
 received by it. My Lord Hardwick's success is certainly owing 
 to that, and I would ask any gentlemen that wish success to 
 what they call the Opposition, whether the eclat of my Lord 
 Sandwich's being as much master of one University as my Lord 
 Litchfield is of the other would have been an indifferent event, 
 or for the honor and credit of an Opposition founded upon 
 whig principles, whig measures and whig persons. 
 
 The Administration, give them their due, do their part to 
 enable us to get the better of them ; and I hope and believe we 
 shall make the proper use of it. I hear the Duke of Devonshire 
 and my Lord Rockingham dine with you this clay and I hope 
 you will agree upon something that may be a general measure 
 for our conduct, for we must have a summer plan as well as a 
 winter one, and that well pursued, with the help of the ministry, 
 will still do. The Dutchess of Newcastle is much pleased with 
 your kind compliment to her, and returns you thanks for it." 
 Copy. 
 
 Hon. Charles Townshend to the Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 1764, April 30. — Copy of reply to the above letter. Printed in 
 the Report of the Hist. MSS. Commissioners upon Marquess 
 Townshend' s MSS. {Report XI., appendix, part IV., p. 398). 
 
 Lord G. Sackville to Charles Townshend. 
 
 [1764, between April and August] . — You must have heard the 
 reports about the intended changes in the Administration. 
 "There seems at present among the Ministers neither union 
 sufficient to promise stability nor that kind of disunion that calls 
 for any immediate alteration. They go on in their different 
 departments with an awkward indifference towards each other 
 and do not appear to give that attendance at Court which former 
 Administrations looked upon as essential to their existence. . . 
 I do conjecture . . . that our present great Ministers have 
 daily less solid ground to stand upon in the closet, and whilst 
 the opinion of their ability decreases, they are gaining no hold 
 upon the affections of their Master." 
 
62 
 
 Lord Bute's friends say " that he has no wish but for the ease and 
 the honour of his Majesty's government ; that he does not desire 
 to see the Ministers either dismissed or distressed, nor has he 
 any degree of connexion with those now in opposition, and con- 
 sequently can have no plan for bringing men into power with 
 whom he has neither friendship nor communication. If his 
 intentions are contrary to these avowed professions, he works 
 with the utmost caution and secrecy, for nobody can pretend to 
 assert and prove any fact in contradiction to them ; yet his 
 frequent interviews with the King, his constant attendance when 
 in town at Carlton House, must give rise to many conjectures, 
 and those who have been educated in Court intrigues cannot 
 suppose such private conversations can turn upon any other than 
 the most interesting public subjects. 
 
 "However, if his Lordship is capable of resentment, it is 
 impossible he should not feel with indignation the treatment he 
 has met with from particular persons ; but his judgment and his 
 prudence may prevent his taking any direct step towards the dis- 
 possessing men of that power which they originally derived from 
 his influence ; as he may perceive from their situation at Court, 
 and from the little cordiality subsisting between them, that 
 without any interposition on his part, new arrangements will 
 become unavoidable, and then he may be applied to, entreated and 
 commanded to become a mediator, and to attempt the forming an 
 Administration which may have the appearance of weight, dignity 
 and permanency. 
 
 "I do not conceive he ever wishes to return to the most 
 responsible offices of government, but I am persuaded he may be 
 prevailed upon to take a share in any well-regulated system. 
 
 "The Duke of Devonshire is returned to Chatsworth. His 
 Grace's conversation whilst in town was moderate and rather 
 languid, and seemed to have lost that 'spirit with which it was 
 animated by Mr. Conway's dismission. 
 
 " Mr. Pitt is either at Hayes or upon his progress. The Duke 
 of Bedford at Wobourne and soon sets out for Trentham &c. ; 
 Mr. Grenville in Buckinghamshire, and Lord Sandwich showing 
 the humours of Huntingdon races to the Conte de Siclem. Lord 
 Halifax, left in town, is the pillar of the State. I go to Bath 
 to-morrow with Lady George. . . . 
 
 " I sincerely wish to see you in a situation in which your ability 
 might be employed for the service of the public, but that must 
 soon happen." Draft in Lord George's hand and endorsed " Lord 
 Geo. Sackville to Rt. Hon. Chas. Townshend, between April and 
 August, 1764." Bound up in the volume of Miscellaneous Papers. 
 
 Charles Townshend to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1765, July 9. — " I steal a few minutes to inform you that Lord 
 Rockingham, the Duke of Grafton, Mr. Conway, and Mr. 
 Dowdeswell, will kiss hands to-morrow. As to me I remain as I 
 represented myself in my last conversation with you, and from the 
 motives which I then stated to you, with the frankness due to 
 your friendship. 
 
* 63 
 
 " Permit me to ask you, whether any communication has been 
 opened with you lately ? Whether your lordship has suggested any 
 rank in office as a sort of direction to those who opened the matter 
 to you ? and particularly whether you have expressed an inclina- 
 tion to connect with any of the present ministers, or any lately 
 intended, upon a general understanding, leaving the actual 
 appointment to any future reasonable time? Forgive me 
 putting these questions to you, as I have reasons for doing it, 
 and my anxiety proceeds from regard. I have never lost sight of 
 your interest in any one turn of the last fickle years, and I wish 
 to hear from you the exact state of whatever I collect from others 
 relative to you, especially when I know a negotiation has been 
 resolved upon, and have been told in what light your sentiments 
 are understood by persons now become essential. Upon my last 
 mentioning you, as all men do who speak justly of your abilities 
 and consequence in Parliament, I found a disposition to treat 
 with you, and as I learnt at the same time that the measure had 
 been under general consideration, I imagined it might be 
 serviceable to you to apprize you both of the information and of 
 the discourse which followed it. Perhaps I may now not be able 
 to promote, nor even so likely to learn anything as I have been ; 
 but, my dear lord, I shall be the more sollicitous ; and nothing 
 would make me happier in this present strange time, than to find 
 that necessity had removed those prejudices which reason ought 
 to have conquered with respect to you, for it would be a real 
 pleasure to me, in whatever situation I may be, to see you received 
 and established in a manner you approve. I write in a hurry, 
 from a mind much agitated, in a temper not quite easy and 
 therefore, instead of blaming my style, which is not indeed as I 
 am wont to write, you should consider the very act of writing at 
 all in such a turn of thought as a strong proof of my attention 
 and solicitude for you/' 
 
 Loed G. Sackville to [Charles Townshend] . 
 
 [1765, July 9 ?] Tuesday morning. Knole. — "I am 
 extremely obliged to you for the continuance of that friend- 
 ship which you have shown for me upon so many occasions, 
 and I shall in return take the liberty of relating to you the 
 substance of a conversation which I had with Lord Egmont 
 on Sunday morning last. His lordship having called at my 
 door on the same day he wrote to Lord Townshend and having 
 inquired about my being in town, I waited upon him to know 
 if he had any commands for me. He told me very openly 
 that in the course of these jumbles he had more than once 
 thought he should have been under the necesjity of being at the 
 head of the Treasury, and that in that case he should have been 
 anxious to have known the sentiments of individuals and to have 
 secured to himself the support and assistance of men of ability, 
 &c, &c, but that fortunately for him those negotiations were in 
 other hands ; had they continued in his he should have been 
 anxious for my being placed in a situation agreeable to myself. We 
 
64 
 
 then of course entered into general conversation upon the King's 
 situation and the practicability of forming an administration upon 
 the present plan. I told him very naturally my sentiments upon 
 it and said the success of it in the House of Commons depended 
 in my opinion principally upon the part you might incline to take, 
 that I knew no other person who could with propriety act as 
 minister there. As to myself, that I stood entirely free from 
 connections, that I had a friendly intercourse with you, and that 
 I had always wished to have made a part of a system in which 
 you might take the lead, because I was certain I could have acted 
 with pleasure and satisfaction under you, and that I did natter 
 myself you would not be sorry to see me in that situation. We 
 then argued upon the probability of your accepting the seals and 
 the difficultys which you were under, and concluded by sincerely 
 wishing that you might take that part in the present arrangement 
 which the King had proposed for you. 
 
 " He entered further into my views and past conduct. I freely 
 told him that I had kept myself as much disengaged as possible, 
 having nothing in view but expressing my duty and gratitude to 
 the King and the attempting to establish myself in Parliament ; 
 that I had been in hopes his Majesty would have so far exerted 
 himself as to have called such individuals to his service as he 
 might think ready and able to have carry'd on his business, but 
 that if in changing hands he gave himself up entirely to the 
 direction of any one man, or to any set of men, I did not see that 
 either his authority or his dignity were increased by such a step, 
 and that the natural consequence must be that everybody would 
 seek out for those connections which most probably might in the 
 end prevail, without looking upon his Majesty as the great object 
 of their attention, and that I did conclude that those who were not 
 part of the present arrangement would of course in another 
 session of Parliament engage in opposition. 
 
 " I mentioned nothing in regard to my own views but in 
 general, only declaring that I should be extremely sorry to be in any 
 office of responsibility. His lordship concluded with all expressions 
 of good wishes towards me, and I with all proper acknowledgements 
 of the opinion he had been pleased to declare he had of me. 
 
 " I believe you will not think that in this conversation I have 
 said anything you did not know before. I spoke to his lordship 
 as a person not concerned at present in making arrangements, 
 and I do not suppose that either good or harm could arise from 
 it. If any overtures are ever made to me, you may be assured I 
 shall take the earliest opportunity of acquainting you with them. 
 I cannot repeat too often that no situation can ever be so agree- 
 able to me as to act with you, as I shall always acknowledge 
 myself under strong obligations to you, and shall be happy in 
 every opportunity of expressing them both in public and 
 private." Draft. 
 
 Chakles Townshend to Lord G. S^ckville. 
 
 [1765, July 12?]. " Friday noon." — " I have the honour of 
 your lordship's very kind letter, which I have since considered 
 
65 
 
 with great attention and with that exactness which is habitual to 
 me in every matter essential to your lordship. 
 
 "I do not learn from your answer that any communication 
 has been opened with you since your meeting with Lord Egmont, 
 and therefore I presume that the circumstantial answer given me 
 upon my last mentioning your name has been founded upon the 
 report of some passages of that general conversation ; your own 
 representation of which, at the same time, does not entirely con- 
 firm the inference which seems to have been drawn from it. I there- 
 fore confess to you that I much wish to have you clearly understood 
 at this conjuncture, and as Lord Egmont lately began the com- 
 munication with you, and has a real friendship for your lordship, 
 I wish some method could be taken of knowing from him how far 
 any part of the former conversation has been repeated, and 
 whether any conclusions have been drawn from it and applied to 
 the present situation of things. This may and should be done in 
 a natural manner, and it will be a mortification to me if it is not 
 done, because I really think it material, from some expressions 
 which I have heard dropped, from the delicacy of the hour, and 
 from a solicitude for your interest. It is my opinion that you 
 should avail yourself of the present minute with dignity and 
 prudence ; it is my opinion also that for this purpose you should 
 be known exactly by the King. I think Lord Egmont' s evident 
 favour at Court, and the part which he lately took towards your 
 lordship, both open to you, if you were in town, an easy oppor- 
 tunity of stating yourself with precision, propriety, and dignity. 
 
 "As to me, I am not in Council, else I should act, not advise, 
 but it is pleasing to me to show any degree of attention to you." 
 
 Lord G. Sackville to Charles Townshend. 
 
 1765, July 13. Knole. — "'I am greatly obliged to you for the 
 letter which you sent me by Cuninghame. I have reflected often 
 upon the conversation I had with Lord Egmont, and I cannot 
 recollect that I omitted acquainting you with any one material 
 circumstance relating to my past conduct, my present situation 
 or future views, and I am most certain that he did not mistake 
 what I said in regard to the necessity everybody would be under 
 of taking an explicit part either with the present system or with 
 the opposition, and that I did not give the slightest hint that I 
 should act in support of Administration upon the expectation of 
 any subsequent arrangement, but directly the contrary, because 
 that part of the conversation was introduced upon his saying 
 that however the administration might be now formed, many 
 changes must naturally happen in the course of twelve months. 
 
 "I am inclined to believe that from the time of my conversing 
 with him to the time of your intelligence, he had had no com- 
 munication with the ministers, and I should think they were 
 speaking more from general opinion than from circumstantial 
 information. I shall, whenever I see Lord Egmont, renew that 
 part of the conversation with him, though I am sure he has not 
 mistaken me. If any other person speaks to me I shall avail 
 
 21250 
 
 E 
 
66 
 
 myself of your advice and leave no doubt about the part I am to 
 take, for I never will bind myself to an administration constituted 
 as this is upon the strongest assurance of future consideration. 
 
 "I have said all I think to Cuninghame of affairs in general 
 and of your situation in particular. I shall only add that the 
 opinion of permanency cannot be established in favour of this 
 ministry till you have the avowed and real management of the 
 House of Commons. Whenever that happens it will be a 
 mortification to me if I am not permitted to assist. As things 
 now are I cannot say my anxiety is great. I only wish I may 
 remain at liberty to show every regard and attention to you in 
 return for your constant goodness to me." Draft. 
 
 General Conway to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1766, July 30. Pall Mall. — "I can't help accompanying my 
 disagreeable letter of form with a word to say how uneasy it is to 
 me to be the channel of such messages, and especially to your 
 lordship, who has honoured me with so much civility in the 
 course of a long acquaintance." 
 
 The official letter is as follows: — "I have his Majesty's 
 commands to signify to your lordship that in the new arrange- 
 ments making in the disposal of many offices in Government 
 his Majesty has n© farther occasion for your service as one of 
 the joint Vice-Treasurers of Ireland." 
 
 Lord G. Sackville to General Conway. 
 
 [1766, July 31?] — Acknowledging the letter informing him 
 that his Majesty has no further occasion for his services as one 
 of the joint Vice-Treasurers of Ireland, and thanking General 
 Conway for the obliging manner in which he has executed the 
 King's commands. Draft. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Lord Kockingham. 
 
 [1766, beginning of August.] — "I cannot quit the employ- 
 ment which I held through your Lordship's favour and goodness 
 without repeating my acknowledgements to you, and assuring 
 [you] that I shall ever retain the most grateful sense of the 
 honour which I received from your protection. 
 
 " If I considered only your lordship's personal ease and satis- 
 faction I should congratulate with you upon your retiring from 
 an office of business and responsibility to the enjoyment of ease 
 and independency, but in every other light I must lament your 
 continuing no longer in his Majesty's service, as I am persuaded 
 your Lordship's conduct and integrity had justly gained you the 
 good opinion and confidence of thepublick." Draft. On the same 
 si wet as the preceding. 
 
 Charles Townshend to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1766, Aug. 1. — " I will not omit writing by Colonel Cunningham, 
 esjjecially as I have learned from him that his Majesty has been 
 
67 
 
 prevailed upon to remove you. Indifferent as this matter may be 
 to you, it is painful to me, and I think it equally inconvenient to 
 the public service. The King's commands have carried me from 
 a lazy to a laborious employment, from chearfulness to anxiety, 
 and from indifference to some degree of responsibility, and I am 
 sorry to hear that, in the same instant, the Government has lost 
 the communication and aid of your talents and experience. 
 Colonel Cunningham will detail to you every step of the 
 present change, and I have informed him of everything relative 
 to myself for that purpose. From him you will know how 
 entirely everything proceeds from Lord Chatham to the King, 
 from thence, without any intermediate consultation, to the public, 
 and I am confident that no other man has the least previous 
 knowledge or influence. I will only add that in this, as in every- 
 thing, I have the feelings of a sincere friend, and shall ever prove 
 myself to be with the truest esteem, my dear Lord, your 
 affectionate humble servant." 
 
 Lord G. Sackville to Charles Townshend. 
 
 1766, Aug. 3. — "I am very sensible of your goodness and 
 attention to me upon every occasion, and I am persuaded, had it 
 depended upon your advice, his Majesty would not have removed me 
 from his service. I should have had great satisfaction had I con- 
 tinued in employment in endeavouring to have been of some use 
 to you. However trifling it might have proved, I should at least 
 have had the pleasure of making the best return in my power for 
 the many marks of friendship which I have received from you. 
 
 " Your accepting the office of Chancellor of the Exchequer is 
 the strongest proof of your duty and attachment to the King, and 
 I trust he is sensible that few of his subjects would have acted 
 with the same zeal and disinterestedness upon such an occasion. 
 I confess I have my doubts how far you will be able to execute 
 the parliamentary part of your office to your own satisfaction, 
 unless you have a greater share in advising the measures you 
 may be expected to support than seems at present to be alloted to 
 you, but possibly when the first arrangements of Government are 
 perfected, a more free and open communication will be established, 
 and then I am certain your abilitys will give you that weight 
 and secure to you that influence which I have longed wished to 
 see you possess, and from which I shall expect the greatest 
 advantages to the public. I canuot conclude without assuring 
 you that I shall be happy in every opportunity of expressing the 
 sincerest regard, friendship, and esteem for you." Draft. 
 
 The Duke of Dorset to the Duke of Grafton. 
 
 [1767, before Jan. 22.] — Complaining that the latter has 
 promised the support of Administration to Mr. Evelyn in his 
 attack upon the Duke of Dorset's family interest at Hythe, which 
 was never what is called a government borough. The writer's 
 father " for many years contested it, whilst parties ran high, 
 
 * The Chancellorship of the Exchequer. 
 
68 
 
 with the Tories of that place. He by degrees established his 
 interest in it and Whigs prevailed." Lord Holdernesse, having 
 sold his own borough, may desire to exert his influence as Lord 
 Warden to procure another, but his Grace "knows the satis- 
 faction and the credit of possessing a family interest in many 
 places," and will therefore, it is hoped, not disturb Lord Dorset's 
 at Hythe. 
 
 The Duke of Grafton to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1767, Jan. 22. — Stating that no one interferes less in election 
 concerns than he does, and that if he has assured Mr. Evelyn of 
 his best wishes for his success, it is on account of his standing in 
 the interest of the Lord Warden, " which I must always consider as 
 the leading one at that place, and by the advantages of which 
 office I have ever understood that interest to have been founded 
 which your Grace there claims." 
 
 Thomas Whately| to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1767, July 21. Parliament Street. — "I gave your Lordship 
 some reason to expect from me an account of the present 
 negotiations before I went to Wotton. When I came there, Mr. 
 Grenville particularly desired that the whole might be com- 
 municated to you, and he has taken my word that yom Lordship 
 will excuse his not writing to you himself, as he has so much 
 upon his hands. . . . Your Lordship therefore will permit 
 me to carry you back to so distant a day as Tuesday the seventh 
 instant, when the negotiation which had been for some time 
 hovering without any apparent authority between General Con- 
 way and Lord Rockingham assumed a new face by the interposition 
 of the Duke of Grafton, who, clad in all the ensigns of power, 
 pronounced the destruction of it by delivering to Lord 
 Rockingham a message from the King importing that his 
 Majesty wished Lord Rockingham should return to the Treasury 
 and form his administration, in which arrangement the Duke 
 offered to take a part, expressing at the same time a desire that 
 some indulgence should be shown to the remains of Lord 
 Chatham's friends, which expression he explained to relate par- 
 ticularly to the Chancellor. His Lordship asked whether he was 
 at liberty to consult any besides his own friends, in answer to 
 which he was told that the question had been foreseen, and that 
 he was at liberty ; but that licence seemed to be confined to the 
 friends of the Duke of Bedford, as the Marquis himself expressed 
 it in the letter he wrote to Lord Albemarle, then at Woburn, in 
 which he informed him of the particulars of the conversation . . . 
 desired him to communicate his letter to the Duke of Bedford, and 
 offered to wait upon his Grace at Woburn, if the Duke and his 
 friends were inclined to act with him. The Duke's answer was 
 
 * See as to this, the letter of Lord George Sackville on p. 118. 
 I Secretary to Mr. George Grenville. 
 
69 
 
 that he could take no step without previous concert with 
 Lord Temple and Mr. Grenville. Mr. Rigby therefore came 
 to town, saw Lord Rockingham, and told him the Duke of 
 Bedford and Mr. Grenville were one and were resolved never 
 to be seperated. He then proceeded to Wotton, from thence to 
 Stowe, again to Woburn, back again to Stowe, and on Sunday 
 afternoon met Lord Rockingham at Woburn. ... On the 
 part of Lord Temple and Mr. Grenville, the answer was, their 
 perseverance in their opinions concerning America ; their 
 resolution never to depart from them ; their determination to take 
 no office themselves in the new arrangement and never to be 
 obtruded on the King, but accompanied with a declaration that 
 they concurred in the idea of [a] comprehensive plan as the only 
 administration likely to be permanent ; as such they would 
 support it fairly, out of office, if the measures adopted, and par- 
 ticularly the capital measure of asserting and establishing the 
 sovereignty of Great Britain over its colonies, were such as they 
 could approve of, and if an honorable share in Government were 
 alloted to their friends. . . . Fraught with this concurrence, 
 Lord Rockingham returned to town, and on Wednesday, 15th 
 inst., met the Duke of Grafton and General Conway, to whom he 
 said that he could not proceed without knowing whether it was his 
 Majesty's intention that he should prepare a comprehensive plan 
 of Administration. Upon a suggestion from his Grace that this 
 might extend to a dismission of all now in office, he declared 
 that he did not mean to convey that idea, and he declined, though 
 much pressed, to give an answer to the proposition of Lord 
 Campden remaining Chancellor. At the same time he desired 
 that if the affair proceeded any further, he might be permitted to 
 lay his ideas before his Majesty himself. Some questions were 
 asked tending to insinuate that an administration formed of Lord 
 Rockingham's and the Duke of Bedford's friends might have met 
 with great facility, but that on so very comprehensive a plan, the 
 idea might be too alarming to the Court. . . . Lord Rocking- 
 ham's answer produced a letter from the Duke of Grafton, 
 informing him that the King wished him to specify the plan On 
 which he and his friends would propose to come in, in order to 
 extend and strengthen his Majesty's Administration. Lord 
 Rockingham replied that the principle on which he would proceed 
 would be to consider the present Administration as at an end, 
 notwithstanding the regard he had for some of those who com- 
 posed it, and that if his Majesty thought it for his service to form 
 a new Administration on an extensive plan, he desired to receive 
 his commands from himself. Upon which a letter was written to 
 him by the Duke of Grafton, acquainting him that the King's 
 sentiments concurred with his Lordship's in regard to the forming 
 of a comprehensive plan, that being desirous to unite the hearts 
 of all his subjects, he was ready to appoint such a one as should 
 exclude no denomination of men attached to his person and 
 government, and that, when his Lordship had prepared such a 
 plan, he was willing that he should himself lay it before him. On 
 this encouragement, Lord Rockingham desired the Duke of Bedford 
 
70 
 
 to come to town, in order to assist in forming the arrange- 
 ment, and to bring with him Lord Temple's and Mr. Grenville's 
 ideas, particularly with respect to the situations they wished for 
 their friends. They declined giving any list of the pretensions of 
 their friends, but desired to know more of the proposed plan before 
 they entered into particulars. They still abided by their original 
 system, of acceding only if they approved of the measures, and of 
 applying to their friends to accept, as a favour done, not received. 
 The Duke of Bedford came to town as he was desired, and at a 
 meeting last night* between him and Lord Rockingham, the Dukes 
 of Newcastle, Portland and Richmond, the Lords Sandwich and 
 Weymouth, Mr. Dowdeswell and Mr. Rigby, the conference was 
 opened by Mr. Rigby's producing one of Mr. Grenville's letters, 
 insisting on the condition of asserting and establishing the 
 sovereignty of Great Britain over its colonies. To assert and 
 establish were objected to; the terms ought to have been maintain 
 and support ; then it was an affront to suppose that any man 
 meant to relinquish the sovereignty of the colonies ; and lastly, 
 no man had a right to demand of Lord Rockingham his plan of 
 operations, though his plan on this head has been required from 
 the beginning, the approbation of it being always made the con- 
 dition sine qua non of Mr. Grenville's and Lord Temple's con- 
 currence. . . . The dispute upon this point was, however, 
 postponed to future explanation, and the next step was to con- 
 sider of an arrangement ; but the first person named generally 
 for a ministerial office by Lord Rockingham being General 
 Conway, the Duke of Bedford excepted to him ; said that he under- 
 stood the military line was his choice ; that he was a good officer, 
 and he wished him to have any regiment the King pleased to 
 give him, but he could never approve of him as a minister, and 
 the admitting him was contrary to the principle of a total change 
 of Administration. Another altercation hereupon arose, and at 
 two in the morning, no further progress being made, and no 
 explanation being given of the American system, the company 
 parted. The Duke of Newcastle has been to-day with the Duke 
 of Bedford, to endeavour to bring the parties again together, but 
 unless some precise specific idea upon the American measures be 
 stated, I see little prospect of concurrence. 
 
 "In the course of this business, Lord Rockingham's profession 
 has always been to subvert the present and to establish an entirely 
 new system. The Duke of Bedford's favourite idea has been to 
 prevent all future instability by removing those he supposes to 
 have been the cause of the frequent changes which have happened. 
 Lord Temple's and Mr. Grenville's principle has been to concur 
 in the support of any arrangement which has the appearance of 
 permanency, provided they approve of the measures. . . . 
 They go no further, are pledged to nothing, and have no 
 knowledge of any designed arrangement, whether of favour 
 or proscription, to any denomination of men whatsoever " 
 
 * i.e., Monday, July 20. Lord Rockingham "s letter to Hardwicke relating this 
 conference "on Mori day last," is printed as dated on July 2 in the Memoirs of the Marquis 
 of Rockingham and his contemporaries (vol. II. 50), hut that is an impossible date. 
 
71 
 
 With tliis letter cf. that of Lord Rockingham mentioned above, 
 and also "An impartial account oj a late interesting conference" in 
 the Political Register for August, 1767, supposed to have been 
 inspired by the Grenvilles. 
 
 Thomas Whately to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1767, July 22. Parliament Street. — " ... At a second 
 meeting desired by Lord Rockingham, and consisting only of his 
 Lordship, the Dukes of Bedford and Newcastle, Messrs. Rigby 
 and Dowdeswell, the same points were started as at the former, 
 but the subject of America was not pushed then very far, a 
 suggestion being dropped on the part of Lord Rockingham that 
 the Duke of Bedford might arbitrate upon that matter between 
 him and Mr. Grenville. He then named Mr. Conway to be 
 Secretary of State and consequently the minister in the House of 
 Commons. Your Lordship knows the manner in which the 
 general idea of his being in a great civil office was received the 
 night before. This more particular nomination was still more 
 strongly objected to, and the conference went to no further 
 arrangements ; the Marquis insisting as strongly on the necessity 
 as the Duke urged the impossibility of this. They therefore 
 parted with mutual declarations that all which had passed during 
 the whole transaction should be considered as if it had never been, 
 and that both parties should be entirely free from all engagements 
 to each other. The Duke of Bedford and Mr. Dowdeswell are, I 
 believe, gone out of town to-day. Lord Rockingham had his 
 audience this morning, agreeably, as I understand, to the 
 former appointment, but the result of it I do not know, and 
 speculations I am tired of." 
 
 George Grenville to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1767, July 26. Wotton.— " Our friend Mr. Whately informs 
 me that agreably to my desire he has communicated to you all 
 the particulars which have come to my knowledge concerning 
 the late negotiation opened by the Duke of Grafton with Lord 
 Rockingham, and that your Lordship approves in the most obliging 
 terms of the part which Lord Temple and I have taken, and of 
 the answers we have given upon it. Though I can add nothing 
 to the information you have received from Mr. Whately, nor 
 suggest any comments upon this transaction, or upon the strange 
 state in which things are left, which your own sagacity and know- 
 ledge of the world have not already made, yet you will allow me 
 to give you this trouble, to make my excuses to you for transmitting 
 that account through any other hands but my own, to return you 
 my sincerest thanks for the kind expressions of your regard to me, 
 and to assure you of that with which I have the honour to be," &c. 
 
 Lord Buckingham to Lord G. Germain.* 
 1777, May 24. — "It is rumoured that his Majesty means to visit 
 Oxford. The report really gives me uneasiness, for should he go 
 
 *Lord George Sackville, having succeeded to the estates of Lady Betty Germain, 
 had now taken her name. 
 
72 
 
 there without paying the same attention to Cambridge, or in any 
 instance manifest a predilection for the University of Oxford, it 
 will shock the prejudices of many of his most respectable 
 subjects. Prejudices often carry men further than their 
 principles, and in such a country as England, particularly in a 
 turbulent day, should not for a slight purpose be offended. Think 
 of this. I will pledge my credit with your lordship upon its being 
 a serious consideration. 
 
 " The Speaker has insulted the King, and the Ministers have 
 asked the Speaker's pardon. The transaction is whimsical." 
 Bound amongst the Miscellaneous Papers. 
 
 G. Damer to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1777, May 27. " Brussels."— Expressing his gratitude for the 
 friendly part taken by Lord George in his affairs, and mentioning 
 a letter received from Lord Milton, desiring him to remain 
 abroad. 
 
 Lord Milton to the Same. 
 
 1778, Jan. 17. Milton Abbey. — Unimportant, chiefly com- 
 plimentary. 
 
 Lord North to the Earl of Sandwich. 
 
 1778, May 8. Downing Street. — " I have shown your Lordship's 
 letter, the letter which you received from Admiral Luff, and the 
 list of the Spanish fleet, together with the enclosed extract of the 
 advices from Paris to Lord Weymouth, Lord George Germain, 
 Lord Gower and Lord Dartmouth ; they are all of opinion that 
 nothing contained in these papers will justify a change in the 
 destination of Admiral Byron's fleet. They continue to think 
 that every dispatch should be used to send the fleet off to North 
 America, unless you should, before its departure, receive certain 
 accounts that the Toulon fleet is arrived at Cadiz, and either 
 continues there, or has sailed in a route which clearly indicates 
 that its destination is towards a different quarter of the globe. I 
 think it highly probable that you may already have received by 
 the Proserpine such intelligence as must put out of doubt the 
 proper line to be followed. In the meanwhile the sentiments of 
 all the Cabinet Ministers in town are unanimous for sending the 
 fleet to North America as soon as it can sail. It may be the 
 intention of Spain to assist M. D'Estaign with a squadron in his 
 expedition to North America ; in that case it is to be wished that 
 our fleet should be stronger, and this contrary wind, if it con- 
 tinues, will afford an opportunity of adding some ships to Mr. 
 Byron's squadron. Although I am not one of those who think an 
 invasion of these islands impracticable, nor am convinced that 
 France and Spain will not attempt it, yet I think the enterprise 
 so arduous that they will not for some time be able to carry such 
 a project into execution. The danger of our army and fleet in 
 North America appears to me more probable and more immediate. 
 
73 
 
 Besides, although I pay little credit to the sincerity of the Court 
 of Spain, and believe that they harbour very hostile designs 
 against us, I cannot conceive it possible that they would hold such 
 a pacific language just at the very moment that they intend to 
 unite in an attack upon our possessions in Europe. If you can 
 contrive to send a ship load of prisoners to be exchanged in 
 America, I should think it advisable to do it without delay." 
 Copy. 
 
 [Lord George Germain?] to Lord North. 
 
 [1778] May 12. — " I understand Lord H [olderness] is dying, 
 I should be happy in succeeding him as W. of C. Pts., it has 
 long been the object of my wishes. If your Lordship thinks of 
 asking that office for yourself I can have no pretensions to it ; the 
 truth is that when I consider my age I cannot expect to have 
 health and activity much longer to discharge the duty of my 
 present situation. Indeed I have found the attendance of the 
 House of Commons this session too fatiguing and almost intoler- 
 able. 
 
 " I hope your Lordship will not think I mean to decline 
 services (?) whilst I am able in any manner his Majesty and 
 your Lordship shall require ; if any new arrangement is to be 
 made for the convenience of his Majesty's Government, I am 
 ready to return to the private station from which I was called ; 
 most undoubtedly it would be more satisfactory to me were I to 
 receive such a mark of his Majesty's favour as might show the 
 public that my poor endeavours in his Majesty's service had met 
 with his royal approval. For that reason among others I 
 have taken [the] liberty of mentioning the Cinque Ports." 
 Apparently in Lord George's writing. Bound amongst the 
 Miscellaneous Papers. 
 
 Mr. Hutton to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1778, Nov. 12. — Announcing that he has just lost his wife. 
 
 Lord Shannon to the Same. 
 
 1779, April 15. Cork. — A long letter concerning the writer's 
 title to the advowson of the rectory of Canigaline. 
 
 The Hon. George Damer to the Same. 
 
 1779, Oct. 28. Tavistock. — Complaining of the insufficient 
 quarters provided for his regiment, the 87th, at Tavistock, and 
 asking that room may be found for them in the barracks at 
 Plymouth. 
 
 * Warden of the Cinque Ports. The post was conferred on Lord North in June, 
 1778. 
 
74 
 
 " Observations in favour of Sir Hugh Palliser." 
 
 [1779?] — Unsigned and undated MS. endorsed as above, 
 relating to the trial and acquittal of Admiral Keppel, and the 
 court martial held on Sir Hugh. 
 
 Lord John Murray to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1780, Feb. 8. — On the raising of Highland troops for the 
 service. 
 
 Enclosing, 
 
 Major Macleod to Lord John Murray. 
 
 1780, Jan. 24. Dunvegan Castle, Isle of Skye. — Concerning 
 the recruiting of his company for Lord John's regiment, and 
 asking for an extension of the time allowed him, on the ground 
 of the distance and other considerations. 
 
 Memoir by J. F. 
 
 1780, Feb. 15. Berners Street. — " Some general objections to 
 Mr. B[urk]e's plan of reform, together with the leading ideas of 
 another system proposed as more practicable, competent,, and con- 
 stitutional." In relation to Burke's measure introduced on 
 Feb. 7. Signed " J.F." 
 
 Sir John Dalrymple to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1780, June 22. London. — Concerning a dispute between 
 Lieut. Wightman and Captain Carden, both claiming the right to 
 carry a despatch from Sir John Dalrymple's brother to the King. 
 Sir John's brother intends to try Captain Carden by court martial 
 for aspersing his character. 
 
 Lord John Murray to the Same. 
 
 1780, Sep. 2. Kensington Gravel Pits. — Concerning the High- 
 land regiment now being raised by his Lordship. 
 
 Lord Townshend to the Same. 
 
 1780, Sept. 7. London. — Stating that he finds that the place 
 lately Capt. Brisac's is not in his but in the War Office's gift, and 
 complaining that the person represented to him as a meritorious 
 distressed officer is about to fall under such powerful patronage, 
 that he might have relieved him from the disagreeable 
 restraints he was under, and have enabled him to prove to his 
 Lordship that though a hurt, he is not a soured man. 
 
 Lord Lisburne to the Same. 
 
 1780, Sept. 16. Admiralty. — Requesting permission for his 
 brother, Major General Yaughan, to return home. 
 
75 
 
 Lord North to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1780, Oct. 28. Downing Street.— " My dear Lord, will you 
 permit me to ask the favour of you to make the motion for calling- 
 Mr. Cornewall to the chair. It ought to be clone by some person 
 in high office and a Privy Counsellor, and it would not be proper 
 for me to do it myself, especially as I proposed Sir Fletcher 
 [Norton] for the chair, not many years ago, with a due propor- 
 tion of eulogium. I intend to desire Mr. Ellis to second you, that 
 our new Speaker may be chosen and introduced in the most 
 respectable manner." 
 
 John Robinson to the Same. 
 
 1780, Nov. 5. — Requesting him, on Lord North's behalf, 
 to take an active part in support of the motion for an address to 
 his Majesty, which will probably come on in the House next day, 
 after the business of the election for Coventry. Lord North's 
 health will not permit him to attend himself. 
 
 W. Harcourt to Colonel Smith. 
 
 1780, Nov. 18. Bath.— On behalf of Major Stockton, of the 
 New Jersey Volunteers, who is to be tried by court martial for a 
 murder. 
 
 William Knox to Lord George Germain. 
 
 [•1781, January. Between the 6th and 12th.] White- 
 hall, half-past two p.m. — Reports that Sumpter's Corps is 
 demolished. Also that on Friday night 3,500 French sur- 
 prised the town of St. Hilliar and made the Governor and 
 garrison prisoners. The ships in the Downs, Portsmouth and 
 Plymouth, with Sir James Wallace to command, were to set off 
 immediately. On Saturday evening at nine our troops and 
 militia attacked the French and defeated them. Major Peirson, 
 in command, was killed. 
 
 Sir Charles Douglas to the Same. 
 
 1781, Feb. 10. Duke, Spithead. — Asking to be appointed to 
 the colonelship of Marines if it should happen to be vacant 
 by the death of Commodore Walsingham. 
 
 The Privy Council. 
 
 1781, Feb. 16. At the Court of St. James's.— Resolution of 
 the Privy Council for the discharge of all ships and merchandise 
 of the States General seized before the order for general reprisals 
 against the States was passed. 
 
 * General Sumpter's corps was destroyed the 18th August, 1780, but the defeat 
 of the French in Jersey was on January 6, 1781. 
 
76 
 
 Lord Bellamont to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1781, March 8. Mount Street. — Requesting an appointment, 
 as it is most important that he should see Lord George before his 
 return to Ireland. 
 
 Lord Buchan to the Same. 
 
 1781, March 21. — Asking for Lord George's interest to secure 
 him the reversion of the office of Vice- Admiral of Scotland. 
 
 Lord Amherst to the Same. 
 
 1781, March 21. Whitehall.— Stating, in answer to an 
 application made by Lord George on behalf of Lord Lisburne — that 
 the rank of Major by Brevet might be given to Captain McAllister — 
 that the King does not approve of the request. 
 
 Lord Amherst to Lord Yere. 
 
 1781, March 25. Whitehall. — Stating that the King has been 
 pleased to grant a commission to his grandson, in accordance with 
 his request. 
 
 Lord Buchan to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1781, Oct. 13.— Asking him to support a request from the 
 writer to the King, which Lord Stormont has promised to carry. 
 The subject of it does not transpire. 
 
 Lord North to the Same. 
 
 1782, Jan. 20. Sion Hill. — " I have just learnt with great 
 surprize from Mr. Robinson that your lordship has been for two 
 or three days past in constant expectation of hearing from me in 
 consequence of orders which I am supposed to have received from 
 the King, and particularly that you understood the card sent on 
 Friday to your lordship, desiring the honour of your company 
 yesterday, to relate to the same business. My memory has for 
 some years past been gradually growing so weak and has so often 
 failed me that I durst not speak with the same confidence as I 
 formerly did, but I give you my word that I do not recollect 
 having lately received any orders from his Majesty to confer with 
 your lordship. As to the meeting at my house yesterday morn- 
 ing, it had been fixed towards the beginning of the week at Lord 
 Sandwich's earnest request, and very much to my inconvenience, 
 who had promised to attend at the same time another small 
 meeting to take into consideration some proposals respecting the 
 taxes of the year. This is the exact state of the case, and will I 
 hope serve to remove from your lordship's mind any suspicion of 
 my having intentionally omitted to pay you every proper attention. 
 I am not only ready but willing and desirous to talk with your 
 lordship fully, freely and confidentially, over every subject upon 
 
77 
 
 which you may wish to have any conversation with me, and I am 
 confident that your lordship will have no reason to complain that 
 my conduct is deficient in fairness, candour, or respect towards 
 your lordship. If we can meet either at your lordship's house or 
 at mine on Tuesday morning or on Tuesday evening I shall be 
 very happy to see you. I shall be obliged to go into the city 
 between twelve and one, and, upon my return, to the House of 
 Commons, but as there is a ballot that day I do not imagine we 
 shall be long detained. At any hour on that day before twelve or 
 after eight in the afternoon I shall be at your lordship's service." 
 
 Lord G. Germain to Lord North. 
 
 1782, Jan. 30. Whitehall.— " When I had the honour of 
 seeing your lordship yesterday sevenight in Downing Street, you 
 were so good as to assure me that on the next day you would 
 send me a note acquainting me with the King's pleasure whether 
 I was to continue in office or resign the seals. A decision upon 
 that subject is absolutely necessary, as my remaining in this 
 precarious state prevents all business being done in my depart- 
 ment, and till the measures of administration are finally 
 determined, no preparations can be made for carrying on the 
 war, for maintaining our present possessions, or for taking any 
 steps towards propositions of peace. The mails for North 
 America and the West Indies are to be made up on Wednesday 
 next, and it will be highly expedient that proper instructions be 
 then sent to the Commander-in-chief, and some answer should be 
 given to the Duke of Newcastle, who on the part of Sir Henry 
 Clinton presses for his recall, and his Majesty, it is to be hoped, 
 will be pleased to declare in w r hose hands he will trust the com- 
 mand, that Sir Henry Clinton may be enabled to return to 
 England. I need not repeat to your lordship that I have no 
 view in thus importuning you for decision [other] than to pro- 
 mote as far as depends upon me the good of the King's service 
 and the honour of your Administration. The uneasiness which 
 is universally expressed at the inactivity of Government, the con- 
 jectures which are occasioned from those high in office and 
 supposed to [be] high in your confidence absenting themselves 
 from the House of Commons, call aloud for some declared plan of 
 ' Government, and exertion in every department of business, and I 
 should think myself inexcusable if I did not in the strongest 
 terms again beseech your lordship to dispose of me in that 
 manner which may best answer your lordship's views for his 
 Majesty's service and the public good." Copy. 
 
 Lord North to George, Viscount Sackville. 
 [1782, February 16.] " St. James' Square, Saturday morning."- 
 Respecting Mr. Knox's claim for a pension, to which he expected 
 more objection in the House of Commons " than to any other in 
 Lord George's list when it was moved for in the last session but 
 one," it being so much larger than any other pension granted to 
 
 * Lord George Germain was created Viscount Sackville, Feb. 11, 1782. 
 
78 
 
 persons who had. held the office of Under Secretary of State. 
 "With respect to your lordship, I owed to your politeness and 
 friendship to me a return which I always have been, 
 and always shall be, ready to repay. I wrote in a hurry 
 to your lordship to give you notice of Mr. Ellis's accept- 
 ance, and did not think it necessary to add anything, 
 as the King had written to me his intention of speak- 
 ing to your lordship fully upon everything relating to the 
 business of your resignation of the seals. In that case I thought 
 it would be unnecessary and perhaps improper for me to antici- 
 pate any point upon which his Majesty might probably discourse 
 with your lordship." 
 
 W. Hawkins, Ulster, to the Same. 
 
 1782, February 23. Dublin. — Congratulating him on being 
 called to the House of Lords. 
 
 William Knox to the Same. 
 
 1782, July 6. Soho Square. — " I could not decide upon the 
 truth of any of the different accounts I received yesterday of the 
 causes or extent of the dissolution of the new Ministry. I there- 
 fore deferred writing to your lordship until this night in the hope 
 of being able to send you more certain information. At the 
 Council which I told your Lordship had been held at the Duke of 
 Grafton's before Lord Kockingham's death, the ultimate terms of 
 our enemies were considered. Absolute independence I am told 
 was demanded for America, Gibraltar for Spain, and France, 
 retaining Grenada in the West Indies, was to be put in the East 
 on the footing of 1754. Lord Shelburne combated the yielding to 
 such disgraceful and ruinous terms, asserting that the nation was 
 not in so distressful circumstances as to require the submitting 
 to them. This opposition, with the Bill he had brought in for 
 obliging the civil officers to reside in America, strengthened the 
 jealousy which before had been conceived of him, and it was dis- 
 covered that he was practising with Pitt and the Grenvilles and 
 Townshend to separate from Fox. The Lord Advocate and the 
 Chancellor were suspected of being in intelligence with him, and 
 Fox saw matters were coming to a crisis even before Lord 
 Rockingham expired ; his death made it necessary for Lord 
 Shelburne to determine, and he resolved to step out and assume 
 the lead. Fox, apprised of this, took the occasion Hartly's 
 objection to Lord Shelburne's Bill afforded him to declare the 
 grounds upon which peace was to be had, in order to lay upon 
 Shelburne the odium of continuing the war. He has, however, 
 found that yielding to the Americans' claim of independency is 
 far from being popular, and his imprudence in declaring his 
 resolution to yield to it, pending the Treaty and without any 
 equivalent, has furnished all of the party who wish to keep their 
 
 * Mr. Ellis succeeded Lord G. Germain, now Viscount Sackville. as Secretary of 
 State on Feb. 17. 
 
79 
 
 places, as well as those who were in the confederacy and expect 
 promotion, with a good plea for not following him. His friends, 
 Keppel and Jack Townshend, were the only persons who actually 
 tendered their resignations upon his delivering up the Seals. Lord 
 Shelburne very wisely and temperately disavowed any purpose of 
 making changes, on the contrary he expressed his hope that every- 
 body would continue where they were ; he even hopes Lord John 
 Cavendish would continue Chancellor of the Exchequer, but if gentle- 
 men quit their offices he must endeavour to supply their places. 
 This temperance of Shelburne has undone Fox. The Duke of 
 Richmond sees no reason for his quitting the Ordnance, but desires 
 to be excused going to the Cabinet ; Gen. Conway has no cause for 
 resigning and poor Keppel repents of his precipitancy and is nego- 
 tiating to continue. Nay, I am told Fox himself wants to get back. 
 
 " Thus has the King been delivered from his bondage and the 
 nation rescued from certain destruction by his Majesty's prudence, 
 aided by the providential removal of the Marquis. No arrange- 
 ment has yet been made. Pitt, Lord Temple, Sir Joseph Yorke 
 and the Lord Advocate are the four candidates for the two 
 Secretaries' offices, and Pitt and the Advocate are likewise 
 the candidates for the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Cornwall is 
 also mentioned, but I should think him too wise to change. If 
 Keppel leaves the Admiralty, Lord Howe is to succeed him. Fox 
 said nothing yesterday in the House, but he and Burke took their 
 seats very quietly on the Opposition Benches, and W. Pitt his 
 upon the Treasury Bench. On Tuesday it is given out he will 
 open, if he be not made quiet before then. The Lord Advocate 
 being in Scotland is, I presume, the reason no appointment in 
 Lord Shelburne's room has yet been made. I have a whisper that 
 Lord North has promised to support the new arrangement out of 
 office, upon the principle of withstanding the demand of 
 independency. Peace, I 'presume, must now be postponed, and I 
 should hope that some plan for negotiating with the people of 
 America will be formed and pursued. If such there be, I shall 
 not refuse to take a share in the business, for I think I could be 
 of more use in bringing about a reconciliation than in any depart- 
 ment here, and I really feel so much zeal for the King's 
 happiness and the good of my country, independent of my own 
 stake in the game, that I should prefer the situation in which I 
 thought I could do the most service, though subject to the miseries 
 of a double sea voyage and an unhealthy climate, to that of more 
 comfort and profit if attended with less hope of doing good. I 
 wish your Lordship were now to come forward and carry into 
 execution your own plan, all my purposes would then coincide with 
 the attachment to your Lordship which will ever be retained." 
 
 General Riedesel to Lord Sackville. 
 
 1782, August 16. Quebec. — Thanking him for the many 
 favours he experienced while his Lordship presided at the head of 
 his department. 
 
 * Speaker of the House of Commons. 
 
80 
 
 Lord Thurlow to Lord Sackvillb. 
 
 1783, Dec. 29. — " I need not explain to you with how much 
 concern I heard from Lord Walsingham that you were offended 
 at the choice which has been made of Lord C [armarthen] for 
 Secretary of State, because I flatter myself you know the esteem 
 I have always entertained for your person and character. But 
 perhaps it may require more apology when I proceed to beg that 
 you will forbear any demonstration of your resentment at the 
 present moment. I certainly have no pretensions to do that, if 
 publick considerations do not call upon you to the same effect. 
 
 "You may easily imagine, from my habits of thinking of men 
 and measures, that I wish the administration had been formed on 
 a wider bottom than this, which those who only could form it 
 thought consistent with those connections which they were 
 immediately obliged to look up to. But I am able to assure you 
 that they went upon no idea of excluding any denomination of 
 men, and more particularly still that in naming the person in 
 question, the part which he had taken occurred to nobody, of which 
 forgetfulness I must take my full share. Nor was there any kind 
 of indisposition to shew you in particular every degree of atten- 
 tion. 
 
 "As things now stand, if everybody who has respectable pre- 
 tentions will urge them at this moment, or pursue the new 
 ministers with the weight of their resentment, to be sure they will 
 not swim out the storm, and things must relapse into their former 
 condition, with still greater means of binding both King and 
 country in fetters of iron. This appears to me a calamitous 
 prospect for the whole, although it is more particularly painful 
 to me who have taken a part in the effort to deliver them. This 
 is the consideration which stimulates me to give this trouble and 
 to beg that you will give them an opportunity of shewing, as I 
 believe them sincerely disposed to do, that they are very far from 
 intending you disrespect, and me an additional reason for 
 professing the respect and esteem with which I have always 
 been, &c." 
 
 Lord Sydney to Lord Sackville. 
 
 1783, Dec. 29, " Monday night." Albemarle Street.— "You will 
 not be surprised that, situated as I am, I feel extremely anxious 
 that the administration to which I belong should have the honour 
 and advantage of your support. I must therefore confess that 
 we feel ourselves mortified at Mr. Herbert's declining to take a 
 place at the Board of Admiralty — which from Lord Temple's 
 conversation with you we had been led to suppose would be 
 agreable to your Lordship as well as to Mr. Herbert. The office 
 still remains within his reach, if it should be thought acceptable, 
 measures having been taken to manage that matter so as to shew 
 the inclination of the Government to meet any wishes of your 
 Lordship or your friends. 
 
 "When I state the consequence of your Lordship's support to 
 the King's affairs under the present Government, as well as the 
 
81 
 
 necessary effect of the victory of its eneinys, I do not hesitate to 
 assure myself that your Lordship, who knows well how little I 
 wished to return to my present situation, will not impute this 
 anxiety of mine to private considerations. However, if in such 
 times as these they could have weight, you know equally well how 
 great a value I should set upon your friendship and assistance. 
 
 "I can answer for the rest of the King's ministers as well as 
 myself that they will have great pleasure in shewing every 
 attention to your Lordship in their power. I say nothing of Mr. 
 Pitt in particular, as he will have the honour to write to you by 
 the messenger who brings this." 
 
 William Pitt to Lord Sackville. 
 
 1783, Dec. 29. Berkeley Square. — "In the arduous situation 
 in which his Majesty has condescended to command my services 
 at this important juncture, I am necessarily anxious to obtain the 
 honor of a support and assistance so important as your 
 Lordship's. I flatter myself Mr. Herbert will have had the 
 goodness to express my sense of the honor your Lordship did 
 me by your obliging expressions towards me. Permit me to add 
 how much I was mortified in being disappointed of his assistance 
 at the Board of Admiralty, which I took the liberty of proposing 
 to him in consequence of the conversation Lord Temple had had 
 with your Lordship. I should sincerely lament if any change in 
 the arrangement, produced by Lord Temple's resignation, should 
 deprive the King and country in any degree of a support which 
 the present crisis renders so highly material to both. If your 
 Lordship will still allow us to hope that you might be induced to 
 mark by Mr. Herbert's acceptance your disposition in favor of 
 the present Government, the opening may be made with the 
 greatest ease at any moment, and your Lordship's commands on 
 the subject would give me particular satisfaction." 
 
 Lord Sackville to Lord Thurlow. 
 
 1783, Dec. 30. Drayton. — "I think myself highly honoured 
 by your very kind and obliging letter. Few things could give me 
 greater concern than finding myself under circumstances which 
 would prevent my supporting any administration of which your 
 Lordship made a part. 
 
 " I was far from expressing myself offended at the appointment 
 of Lord Carmarthen to be one of the Secretarys of State, but I 
 confess I was much vexed that so unexpected an event should 
 deprive me of the opportunity of avowing my earnest wish for the 
 supporting those ministers in whom the King had placed his 
 confidence. 
 
 "I am sensible of the folly of taking objections to any 
 individual to what might have passed whilst I was in office, but 
 when I was no longer in that situation the attack made upon me 
 by Lord Carmarthen was so unprovoked and became of so personal 
 a nature, that I can never act with or have the least connection 
 
 21250 F 
 
82 
 
 with him, and whilst he bears so principal a part in Administration 
 I cannot ask or receive any mark of the King's favour. I trust 
 you have too good an opinion of me to imagine that the personal 
 resentment which I feel against one man will induce me to engage 
 in any measures which maybe disrespectfull to his Majesty, or be 
 prejudicial to the honour and dignity of the Crown, and I should 
 hope, when the House of Commons meets, that those with whom 
 I am connected will act upon those principles. 
 
 " Your Lordship may be assured that I am fully persuaded 
 that more attention has been shewn to me by your Lordship and 
 his Majesty's ministers than I could have expected, and I hope I 
 shall have frequent opportunitys of acknowledging it. 
 
 " I have so many obligations to your Lordship for your 
 goodness to me, and the assistance which I received from your 
 support and countenance when I had the honor of sitting in the 
 Cabinet with you, as will always claim my sincerest thanks, and 
 I shall ever feel with particular gratitude the manly and able 
 part which you took in defending me against the illiberal attack 
 of my Lord Carmarthen, and I should be happy indeed if I should 
 ever have an opportunity of proving to you with how much 
 respect and attachment I have the honour to be," &c. Copy in 
 Lord Sackville's hand. 
 
 Lord Sackville to Mr. Pitt. 
 
 1783, Dec. 30. Drayton. — " It gave me the greatest concern 
 that Lord Temple's resignation of the seals and the appointment 
 of his successor made it impossible for me to advise Mr. Herbert 
 to accept of the office which you were pleased to offer to him. 
 The same objections still remaining, I must content myself with 
 expressing my sincere acknowledgments for the very flattering 
 and obliging manner in which you have acted towards me and 
 those with whom I am connected, and I beg leave to assure you 
 that I should have been happy had I been able to have added in 
 the most explicit manner any little assistance of mine in support 
 of your administration, having as great a respect for your private 
 character as for your publick abilities. 
 
 "Any personal [motives] which may now influence my con- 
 duct will never induce me to enter into any measures which may 
 be disrespectfull to the King or may affect the honour and 
 dignity of the Crown, and I trust you will find those who are 
 connected with me acting upon those principles." Copy, on the 
 same sheet as the preceding. 
 
 The Same to Lord Sydney. 
 
 1783, Dec. 30. Drayton. — "I should have had the greatest 
 satisfaction in acting in support of an administration in which 
 you hold so high an office. I wish Lord Temple had contynued 
 to keep the seals, and then I should have been happy in seeing 
 Mr. Herbert at the Board of Admiralty as a mark of favor to 
 him and of attention to me. 
 
83 
 
 " The change that has happened makes it improper and 
 indeed impossible for me to advise him now to accept that or 
 any other office, but I shall always acknowledge it as a particular 
 obligation, the having kept the Admiralty so far open as enabled 
 him to have availed himself of it. 
 
 " The zeal I have for the King's service, and the gratitude 
 which will ever bind me to his Majesty, make it particularly dis- 
 agreeable to me that I cannot take the avowed part which I had 
 intended, but I shall most carefully avoid entering into any 
 measures which may be in the least disrespectfull to his Majesty 
 or derogatory to the honor and dignity of the Crown. 
 
 " The principles upon which you act do you honor, and will if 
 possible add to the regard and friendship which I have always 
 professed for you." Copy, on the same sheet as above. 
 
 The Duke of Dorset to Lord Sackville. 
 
 1784, Jan. 3. Grosvenor Square. — " As I was a stranger to 
 the intended appointment of Mr. Herbert to the Admiralty in the 
 first stage of that transaction, I waited till it was finally settled 
 before I wrote to you upon it. Mr. Pitt yesterday communicated 
 to me the contents of your letter to him, and seemed very much 
 flattered with the good opinion you have of him, but would have 
 been better satisfied could you have consented to have permitted 
 Herbert to have formed part of his administration. My 
 Master asked me a good deal about your opinion of things, &c, 
 in the most gracious manner, and I am convinced he would not 
 have modelled the ministry in its present shape, had not the 
 critical situation he was in demanded immediate determination 
 and despatch. He has empowered me to mention his name to you, 
 and to assure you how much he has at heart the success of his 
 present servants in the present struggle, and trusts much to the 
 support of those who wish him well, amongst whom he hopes you 
 would appear one of the foremost. After what you had expressed 
 to me upon that point, I told him I made no doubt of your 
 assistance where his honor and dignity were so much concerned, 
 independent of the personal respect and regard you had always 
 shewn towards him, and I could venture to say he might safely 
 rely on your support upon the present interesting occasion 
 independent of every other personal consideration. It is need- 
 less for me to say anything upon my own account. You must 
 feel how much happier I must be in the situation I am placed 
 [in] to have your concurrence and support. It has been a long 
 time before I could have the least relish for politicks, but now 
 having entered the lists earnestly and heartily, I must say to 
 you pray go along with me, or otherwise I shall be afraid (like 
 the children) to go alone, as I have no political connection 
 whatever independent of my master. I feel my letter is lik8ly 
 to be spun out to an unreasonable length, so that I shall say 
 no more, being convinced that you must feel how unpleasant [ly] 
 I must be situated if you do not cordially support the King 
 against Boreas [North] and F — x. We have great hopes of success 
 
84 
 
 at the meeting of Parliament. The Duke of Newcastle and 
 Duke of Marlborough are both come over, and Kobinson says 
 it will do. I set off""* the latter end of next week, if you have any 
 commands pray send them, I will execute them as well as I can. 
 There is no news to-day in particular. The King does not return 
 to town till Wednesday. I am in hopes of getting an increase of 
 salary, but I cannot yet say for certain anything about it." 
 
 V.— LETTERS FROM LORD GEORGE SACKVILLE 
 TO GENERAL IRWIN, 1761-1784. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1761, Aug. 26. Knole. — " ... I am obliged to you for 
 your news, and I am of your opinion that peace is not so far off 
 as we imagined, for when once a difference of opinion in council 
 is avowed, such a war as this cannot go on. Unanimity only can 
 support it, and when once it is known that ministers disagree, 
 every body's tongue is let loose, and arguments will not be wanting 
 to shew the inability of this nation to make war upon so 
 destructive a plan, and the notion that a bankruptcy may happen 
 will create an alarm that may give a real shock to credit. I wish 
 I had seen in the division you mention, the two secretarys on 
 different sides, but the council held subsequent to that debate 
 proves that nothing then was ultimately fixed. I only hope that 
 all may end well. I wish, to corroborate that hope, I could 
 believe all really meant the welfare and prosperity of this 
 country." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1761, Sept. 30. Stoneland Lodge.—" . . . You really 
 surprize me about our poor friend Sporcken. I rejoice at his 
 escaping so well out of the service, for Prince Ferdinand always 
 meant to disgrace him. He will now probably receive some 
 honourable reward from his Majesty, and I verily believe he 
 leaves few behind him that are at all equal to such a command. 
 All these things will rise up in judgment against his Serene 
 Highness if he ever lives to see a day of adversity. At present 
 nothing can hurt him ; success covers a multitude of sins. I had 
 heard something of ministerial differences, but more about 
 Spanish than French affairs. It is not possible that Mr. Pitt can 
 act with other ministers. If they will follow he will lead, but if 
 they will not follow he will attempt to drive ; so I am only 
 waiting in expectation of seeing the ministerial herd kicking their 
 driver and laying him on his back. As you say nothing of 
 Hugo, you probably have not heard of his being restored to the 
 
 * For Paris ; to wbioh court he had been named Ambassador in succession to the 
 Duke of Manchester, 
 
85 
 
 Hanoverian service ... I am greatly pleased that his 
 sufferings are at an end. I do not think we shall soon have a 
 battle in Germany. Prince Ferdinand is trying to alarm M. 
 Broglie for his communication with Cassel, &c. If his Serene 
 Highness crossed the Weser, I should think he was going to 
 make a desperate push. Prince Soubise surely now will attempt 
 Munster. If he does not, he loses the only opportunity he may 
 have of retrieving his credit. . . ." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1761, Oct. 6. Stoneland Lodge. — " I am not surprised to hear 
 of ill humours among the ministers, but till I am assured that 
 another Secretary of State is appointed I cannot persuade myself 
 that Mr. Pitt will resign his employment. He has so often 
 threatened us with that misfortune, in order to carry the 
 particular point of the day, that I cannot believe him more in 
 earnest now than I have done upon former occasions. Nothing 
 is so easy as to declare war, nothing so difficult as to make peace. 
 The boldest counsels are the most popular, and whoever calmly 
 considers and advises that the true interest of this country should 
 be pursued, will, instead of receiving thanks, be accused of 
 pusillanimity. Mr. Pitt also knows how difficult it is to find a 
 proper successor to him should he quit his employment, and 
 therefore may safely bully, for where is the man who, with 
 abilitys, has ambition enough to venture so principally into the 
 Administration in this most intricate situation of affairs, with a 
 certainty of being told that, however successfully he may act, that 
 it all falls infinitely short of what was expected of his predecessor. 
 So that the only chance I see of Mr. Pitt's real going out is from 
 his own conviction that he cannot hope to steer the ship safe into 
 port, and so takes the present pretence of leaving her, that if she 
 sinks it may be laid to the unskillfulness of the next pilot, and not 
 to his own mismanagement of bringing her into such troubled 
 waters. . . ." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1761, Oct. 11. Knole.— ' 'Your letter, though directed to 
 Knole by the last Tuesday's post, reached Stoneland that evening, 
 so that I am to thank you for your two letters, and indeed it is 
 very obliging in you to send me all the news that is going about 
 this important resignation. We are at a loss here to understand 
 why Lord Temple is to resign when there is so much appearance 
 of Mr. Pitt's having made so great a bargain for himself and 
 family, and without referring to the Gazette it is impossible to 
 guess at the meaning of such a step, but as we there learn that 
 this honour t and emolument are given for past services, perhaps 
 present good humour and future services are to be the objects of 
 another treaty. In that light my Lord Privy Seal's resignation 
 
 * The Earl of Egremont suoceeded Mr. Pitt as Secretary of State on Ootober 9th. 
 f This refers to the title of Baroness Chatham bestowed upon Lady Hester Pitt. 
 
86 
 
 is to be understood, but in no other by me without further 
 information. How lucky a man Mr. Pitt has been to be permitted 
 to take his own time of resigning, and to be magnificently 
 rewarded for leaving the King's service in a time of the greatest 
 distress and difficulty. But with all this will he be happy ? That 
 will depend upon his own conscience and his own temper. 
 
 "We seem, however, to have been fortunate in not engaging in 
 a Spanish war. If Lord Bristol's information be true, as 
 published in the Gazette, the resolute part of the Council who 
 withstood the warlike proposition must feel the highest satisfaction 
 in having so publick a testimony of their having acted with 
 steadiness and judgment. ... I think our German opera- 
 tions are not the most prosperous. The losing the magazines 
 at Osnaburgh and all supply from East Friesland will soon be 
 felt, especially as I conclude all Westphalia will be ruined by the 
 French army, as they do not seem to intend establishing their 
 winter quarters in that country, so that the chief of our support 
 must come from the Bas Weser." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1761, Nov. 16. Pall Mall.— " I thought of writing to you by 
 the last post, but I had not time, as I was obliged to send to his 
 Grace at Knole some account of the debate in consequence of the 
 Address. You will have heard a variety of accounts about it. In 
 the first place your friend Lord Middleton* passed through the 
 ceremony of moving well and creditably. A new Scotch member, 
 a Mr. Dempster, showed a strong desire of speaking, and seems 
 to have abilitys sufficient to make him an object. In short, he 
 promises well, and though he diverted the House by a becoming- 
 ignorance of its forms, yet he proved he neither wanted language, 
 manner, nor matter. Another new performer was Mr. Harvey, 
 the lawyer, brother to the Quarter-Master General in Germany. 
 He spoke ably and like a gentleman, and was attended to 
 accordingly. There was likewise a Mr. Cust, a merchant (brother 
 to the Speaker), who seemed in six sentences to answer the wild 
 flights of Alderman Beckford. The Alderman was as strong as 
 ever for continental measures. The other three were absolutely 
 against them, as having neither an object or an end. As I am a 
 new man in this world I could not help smiling at hearing 
 Germany mentioned without the least ceremony or respect, and 
 doctrines relative to our connections there were advanced that 
 day which would have been reckoned as indecent insults upon 
 the Sovereign in the late reign. 
 
 "Mr. Pitt spoke with great ability, his ground was tender and 
 he possessed his temper through the whole debate. Garrick never 
 acted better. He was modest, humble, stout, sublime, and 
 pathetic, all in their turns, and though the matter was as open 
 to reply as possible, yet the manner and language was not to be 
 equalled. He attempted to justify his conduct both as to past 
 
 * M.P. for New Shoreham. 
 
87 
 
 measures and to his late resignation. He hinted strongly at the 
 reasons for declaring war against Spain, but waited till a future 
 day to speak more largely upon the subject, trusting in the 
 nobleness and candour of Government for laying before the House 
 the paper which he and Lord Temple signed and delivered to his 
 Majesty, in which would be found the true state of affairs and a 
 full justification of his conduct. If that was [not?] done, he must 
 then stand as an evidence for his country and relate the whole 
 transaction to Parliament. He complained much of his want of 
 support in the Cabinet, but added that he believed those who 
 differed from him did it from conviction, and as the probability 
 was so, he trusted it would appear to the public that the noble 
 Lord and he had erred in their judgments, since the contrary 
 opinion had been supported by so many men of rank and abilitys 
 and had been adopted by his Majesty. In that situation he could 
 not make himself responsible by signing what he thought criminal, 
 and therefore nothing was left for him to do but humbly to 
 implore the King's leave to retire from his service. 
 
 " The Continental war was supported by the old trite argument 
 of being connected essentially with the conquests in all parts of 
 the globe. He vowed perseverance in that opinion though the 
 torrent should turn against it and he was left single in support of 
 it. You may believe many other topics were touched upon, too 
 long for a letter, and which a memory such as mine could not 
 retain ; but upon the whole he promised the strongest support to 
 measures in general, at the same time that he left himself a 
 latitude to oppose each separately. Mr. G. Grenville spoke after 
 him and rather avoided entering into matter foreign to the 
 present subject than attempted to answer the different points of 
 Mr. Pitt's speech. All the ability Mr. Grenville showed was by 
 making no declarations of what might hereafter be the measures, 
 so as to give anybody a handle for fixing him down to any par- 
 ticular system. The Address was unanimously agreed to, and we 
 poor spectators diverted ourselves with observing the temper and 
 complexion of this new assembly, and I could say a good deal upon 
 that subject, though I do not chuse to write a word upon it, as 
 it can be nothing but mere conjecture, and I may probably be 
 mistaken. . . ." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1762, July 6. Pall Mall. — Announcing the birth of a daughter. 
 "Before five, the young lady was making an uproar in the 
 family, and E>i was pacifying it in French, whilst the nurses 
 kept talking nonsense to it. A more ridiculous scene you never 
 saw." Lady George Sackville is as well as possible. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1762, July 10. Pall Mall.— On the same topic. "I always 
 was an excellent physician in other branches. I pretend now to 
 some knowledge in midwifery, and I offer my advice gratis when- 
 ever Mrs. Irwin pleases to consult me." 
 
88 
 
 "We have no news, but much speculation about the rising 
 of the stocks. I believe there is no real foundation for it but 
 the opinion of the Amsterdam politicians that a peace is soon to 
 be concluded between the Courts of Vienna and Berlin. . . . 
 A city brother of some consequence very seriously attributed 
 this rise of stocks to Bussy's late lodgings having been hired by 
 Comte Viri for a foreign gentleman, and Change Alley argues 
 thus : This gentleman must be a Frenchman ; this Frenchman 
 must be a minister, because the last negotiations have gone 
 through Sardinia, and consequently, Comte Viri has been 
 employed to secure a house for the residence of this new 
 negotiator. Unfortunately, the foreigner proves a Genoese and 
 all our refined reasoning falls to the ground. 
 
 " I hope you approve of the Tower and the Band of Pensioners, 
 a good honest Tory promotion. We old Whigs burn with envy 
 and resentment, but Sir Harry smiles and thinks it right, con- 
 sequently I ought to approve." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1762, Aug. 20. Knole.— " ... The news from the 
 Havannah must be most acceptable to the present ministry. 
 Surely nobody will dispute with them the merit of that expedition. 
 If Prince Ferdinand engages, it must be his own seeking, for the 
 French have been acting defensively for some time past, most 
 probably with a view to the present negotiations. If he should be 
 beat it would be highly provoking, as it may alter the terms of 
 peace, but I do not conceive why the ministry have not given him 
 orders not to risk an engagement if they apprehend a peace so 
 near as we imagine it to be. If Prince Ferdinand should be 
 successful and the Hereditary Prince receive a check, his 
 Serene Highness will be at the summit of human happiness, that 
 is, as far as so wicked a mind can taste anything that resembles 
 happiness. ... I hope to hear by the next post what has 
 happened in Germany, but I have no notion of the French army 
 behaving well, after showing so little spirit during the whole 
 course of the war." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1762, Oct. 13. Knole. — "Many thanks for your good news. 
 It is most surprizing that the French cannot behave like men. 
 The taking of Newfoundland so easily and so expeditiously must 
 be of the greatest service to the ministry, and will at last convince 
 all but the news writers that spirit and vigour are to be found in 
 other places than at Hayes. 
 
 ' * If our little parcel of ministers begin to divide, Lord Bute 
 must have recourse to the old stuff. The arduous task of peace I 
 should fear is too strong an undertaking for the ingenuity of 
 G. Grenville. Lord Bute's understanding is more direct and 
 manly, and I wish he would take the negotiations into his 
 own hands, for I foresee, unless the war ends immediately, 
 nothing but confusion is to be expected. 
 
 " I am glad to hear you and Mrs. Irwin got safe to town." 
 
89 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1762, Oct. 15. Knole. — " ... A new scene of business 
 is now opened and I think a system formed, one that will carry 
 affairs through Parliament but not without a formed opposition. 
 The immediate object I conclude is peace ; in that light I like it, 
 as to any other I see no reason to rejoice. Mr. Fox will lead with 
 ability. He must have power, and he will use it in rewarding old 
 and attaching new friends to him, and in a few months I know 
 in whose hands this country may be. If Lord Bute means to be 
 minister, this system is a temporary expedient ; if first Lord of 
 the Treasury satisfies him, it may last more than one session. In 
 short, if Mr. Fox has health, he may give the law. 
 
 "I shall be curious to hear in what manner the Duke of 
 Cumberland looks upon the exaltation of his late Minister. If 
 reports are true, the measures probably to be pursued are not 
 agreeable to his Koyal Highness's sentiments or declarations. 
 The Duke of Newcastle I do believe is farther removed from 
 Court than ever, but things take such sudden changes that it is 
 in vain to argue at this distance upon them. All I beg is that 
 you would give me as good information as you can, for I think 
 we may expect to see not only an opposition in Parliament but 
 one carry 'd on with spirit and virulence." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1762, Oct. 17. Knole. — " I am not surprized at the variety of 
 reports in these unsettled times. I can believe anything in 
 regard to Mr. Eigby or any friends of Mr. Fox, as I take for 
 granted the personal attachments to Lord Bute are so few that 
 whoever leads the House of Commons will have the naming to 
 every vacancy, and Mr. Fox will not want subjects to propose on 
 whose fidelity he will rely. 
 
 "It is said here, and not from bad authority, that Lord Bute 
 has offered great terms both to the Duke of Newcastle and Mr. 
 Pitt, but that they were rejected with disdain. In regard to the 
 first I can believe it to be true. As to the last, Lord Bute must 
 be mean indeed to be capable of such a transaction. . . . 
 The long conversation Mr. Fox had with the Duke of Cumberland 
 causes great speculation. I suppose by the length of it neither 
 could convince the other. I hope by the next post you will have 
 heard something more of the peace. When that great event is 
 over, the agreement or disagreement of ministers will be diversion 
 to us standers by, but in the present situation it is a most serious 
 consideration. . . ." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1762, Oct. 20. Knole. — " ... In regard to the vacancy 
 at East Grinstead, the Duke of Dorset intended bringing you in, 
 if upon inquiry he found he could do it without too great 
 difficulty. The way now is open, and his interest is at your 
 service." 
 
<)0 
 
 Probably enclosed in the above, 
 
 Private. " Les cartes etant brouillees by the letters of this 
 post in regard to Grinstead, I had an opportunity of bringing 
 about what I had despaired of, of your being the member. 
 I shall make you laugh when I relate all the particulars. 
 For God's sake not the most distant hint of the person first 
 designed, and which for these last three days had been 
 consented to" 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1762, Oct. 22. Knole.— " It is real pleasure to me to hear that 
 your coming into Parliament in the manner you do is so very 
 agreeable to you. . . . His Grace seems much pleased with 
 your letter, and indeed he has been in better humour since he 
 took his resolution about Grinstead." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1762, Oct. 24. Knole. — " . . . This last cabinet I presume 
 has fixed the negotiation to some point which may be the 
 foundation of the King's Speech at the opening of the Session, for 
 they cannot depend upon hearing from Madrid in consecpience of 
 these last deliberations before the day of meeting. France and 
 we I suppose are agreed not only in regard to the preliminaries 
 relative to our disputes with that country, but also to our demands 
 upon Spain, otherwise I see no end to delays, but we shall hear 
 all these particulars from Wedderburne, as the French 
 Ambassador will on Monday communicate his secret instructions 
 to him. ..." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1762, Oct. 30. Knole. — " As I did not expect to hear from you 
 this morning I was surprized at seeing a letter directed by you, 
 but the name of Devonshire struck my eye directly as I was 
 opening the paper, and then I guessed partly the contents. I 
 never could comprehend to what purpose his Grace had so long 
 been continued in employment and so much courted, when every- 
 body knew that he did not intend to act as the King's servant. 
 But, however, in my poor opinion it would have been unbecoming 
 his Majesty had he permitted him quietly to have resigned 
 without receiving some mark of disapprobation. I have no con- 
 ception how any man of rank and fortune can prevail upon 
 himself to continue in office when he can no longer approve of 
 measures and of those the King places his confidence in, but 
 many such there have been notwithstanding my want of 
 conception. 
 
 "Iam glad my letter was approved of by our friend. I cannot 
 say I agree with you in thinking it would be any distress to me 
 to receive a letter from Mr. Fox. As I have no objection to him 
 personally I can have none to his present connections, and I 
 suppose any correspondence between us could only end in mutual 
 civility s upon a supposition of the same attachments." 
 
91 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1762, Nov. 3. Knole.- -" I can hardly believe that the Duke of 
 Rutland will resign unless he is absolutely engaged by a previous 
 concert with the Dukes of N [ewcastle] , D [evonshire] , &c. The 
 woman that lives with him is too well pleased with the sweets of 
 employment to permit his Grace wantonly to forego them. 
 However, be it as it may, I differ entirely with Cunningham, for 
 I see not the least necessity for extending the bottom, and if the 
 present ministry appear firm and determined they will be sur- 
 prized at the little folloAving these great names will carry into 
 opposition with them. 
 
 " I did not expect any answer to my letter. Caution is a good 
 thing till it grows into reserve and diffidence. On my side I find 
 I am to be open and explicit ; on theirs nothing but mystery. 
 However, there will be a fortnight before us, and in that time I 
 shall endeavour to understand in plain English whether I have a 
 friend upon whom I can depend, and live minutes conversation 
 or three lines in writing could clear up that point as well as a 
 month's mysterious negotiation, but we must take men as we find 
 them, and indeed I have seldom seen business done but with 
 much unnecessary parade. ... I expect Cunningham to- 
 morrow. He will be so full of politics that his Grace will 
 question him for at least two hours." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1762, Nov. 5. Knole. — " . . . What you say of the 
 preliminary s rejoices me. I suppose they fix the 17th upon the 
 calculation of the courrier's return from Madrid, from whence I 
 conclude the ministers are fully assured of the consent of the 
 Court of Madrid. I had no faith in the Duke of Rutland's 
 resignation before I received your letter. I should be glad to see 
 a white staff in Lord Charles Spencer's hand. He would become 
 it at least as well as his predecessor." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1763, April 5. Knole.— The Duke of Bedford is expected daily 
 in town and no arrangements are to be declared till his arrival. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 [1763], June 15. Pall Mall.— " . . . As to politics they 
 are much as they were when you left us. The Duke of Bedford's 
 arrival produced some speculation. He declares vehemently 
 against employment and speaks of retirement with the highest 
 satisfaction, but those most conversant with his Grace's con- 
 stitution do imagine that his strongest resolutions are not as fixed 
 as fate, and that before winter he may be prevailed upon to act 
 directly contrary to his own, and exactly conformable to the 
 intention of his friends, who, as report says, mean he should 
 lead probably for them to guide. The Earl of Bute sees nobody, 
 
92 
 
 meddles with no business, and, if I guess right, has no ground to 
 stand upon. The Earl of Shelburne is not so well with his 
 lordship as was given out, and Mr. G. Grenville is the only one 
 of the Three that has communicated with Lord Bute since his 
 arrival from Harrowgate. Mr. Pitt is gone to Stowe and so is 
 the Earl of Bristol. One part of the King's servants, not any of 
 the Three, wish both Mr. Pitt and Lord Bute in employment, but 
 such wishes are too full of speculation to ripen into realities. 
 " Lady B. Germain is still in London. . . . Lady Milton is 
 now on her road to Knole, and Lord Middlesex intends going 
 when he can settle his affairs with Stephenson, but his Lordship 
 does not ride post in business. . . . The Hereditary Prince 
 [of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel] is expected now the middle of 
 July, but all that transaction has changed appearances so often 
 that I shall believe he has arrived when I have seen somebody 
 that has seen him in England. 
 
 " I have bad accounts of Lord John from Switzerland. I shall 
 not be surprized to hear of his death in a post or two." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1763, July 1. Knole. — " . . . Lord Middlesex is arrived 
 among us. He looks over the old place with a degree of curiosity 
 and pleasure, but does not seem surprized at his having been 
 absent from it these twenty years. . . . The conversation of 
 the Stirling Governor does not surprize me. They mean an 
 alteration, that is they intend to govern in the Duke of Bedford's 
 name to the utter exclusion of Mr. Pitt, who probably might not 
 have that deference to the school of virtue which is necessary to 
 the support of his Majesty's Government. Ml I can learn from 
 the present intrigues of ministers and sub-ministers is that there 
 never can be a period in which any set of men can be contented 
 with the share of power allotted to them by any particular system, 
 for surely if such a period could be found, those who now compose 
 Administration and fill great employments might have thought 
 their weight, their abilitys, and their integrity were amply 
 rewarded. ... I believe I sent you word how extremely ill 
 Lord John had been. He is now out of danger." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1763, July 13. Knole.—" . . . Lord Middlesex stayed 
 ten days with us, and seemed really happy at being at liberty to 
 please himself ; and the air of Knole worked miracles in his 
 favour, for he grew young and lively. He is to return when he 
 has settled some business still depending with my Lady's 
 executor. 
 
 " Mr. Wilkes and his friends exult at the success of the late 
 trials, and promise themselves magnificent damages from the 
 two Secretarys of State. The question now determined does 
 not appear similiar to what is to be tried, but however, the 
 juries of London show their disposition to favour the name at 
 the expense of real liberty." 
 
93 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1763, July 20. Knole. — " . . . I hear of nothing new in 
 politics. The Duke of Bedford has been at Kigby's and I suppose 
 will be kept in good humour there. Mr. Pitt's indignation at 
 the Corporation of Bath for their presuming to address upon the 
 peace is much talked of. He has set a mark of infamy upon them 
 by declaring his firm resolution of never serving again in Parliament 
 as their representative. I have not heard in what manner they 
 have received this harsh sentence. . . . 
 
 " The wedding [of the Princess Augusta] is delayed, for how 
 long I know not, but Lady Bateman writes word from Spa, 
 where the Hereditary Prince is, that it is said there, he is not to 
 come to England till September. Possibly the Queen may wish 
 to do the honours upon that occasion, and that her lyiug-in may 
 be one reason for postponing it." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1763, Sept. 2. Knole. — "If the treaty is at an end, the 
 ministers ought to lose no time in filling up the vacant employ- 
 ments, that people may know to whom they are to look, but in 
 my opinion when once a garrison is reduced to ask a capitulation, 
 the terms imposed, however hard, are sooner or later submitted 
 to. 
 
 " The meeting at Mr. Calcraft's must have been with somebody, 
 though perhaps Mr. Calcraft himself might have been the plenipo- 
 tentiary on the part of Lord Shelburne, &c, to promise all duty 
 and allegiance if they could be excepted from the threatened pro- 
 scription. In short, till some system is held out to the publick, the 
 stock of the present ministry will fall daily, and I doubt much 
 after this fatal step whether it will ever be brought to par. If 
 Lord Bute really goes abroad he will equally please both partys. 
 Had he never returned from Harrowgate till all bustles were over 
 it had been more prudent, for to be catching at the shadow when 
 he had lost the substance neither showed judgment, firmness, nor 
 greatness of mind. I am obliged to Whateley for the regard and 
 friendship which he expressed for me. I long have flattered 
 myself that I had his good opinion and good wishes. As to Mr. 
 Grenville's* blaming me for not taking a more warm part last 
 session, all I have to say is that when any minister lays a wrong 
 charge it proves that he is searching for what he cannot find. 
 He did not care to say abruptly to Whateley that he did not 
 mean me well, so he was to attempt to give some reason why on 
 his part I remained unnoticed. But let any impartial person say 
 whether he or I acted with the greatest warmth and explicitness 
 in the only material question of the session, and if I have any- 
 thing to repent of, it is having left the impression of my being 
 strongly joined and connected with what is thought the remains 
 of my Lord Bute's Administration. 
 
 * First Lord of the Treasury. 
 
94 
 
 "As to your paying any personal compliment to Mr. Grenville 
 I can have no objection to [it] , but if it can be construed any 
 advance of mine towards a man who has shown me not the most 
 distant degree of civility, I should wish it to be avoided. My 
 inclination leads me to do what is most agreeable to the King, 
 but I must contrive to have it understood that I am free from every 
 ministerial engagement. 
 
 " I am sorry Mrs. Irwin wants the cold bath, and particularly 
 as we have not the least convenience of that sort here ; so that 
 she had better send her bathing tub by the waggon." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1764, Aug. 5. Knole. — -"I was surprized this morning when I 
 saw by the direction a letter from you, and indeed I think the 
 contents were curious and interesting. The conclusion to be 
 drawn from this information is that his Lordship [Lord Bute] is 
 irritated against the ministers and would rejoice in their distress, 
 provided he could say to his Majesty that he was always 
 ready to support the Administration in whatever hands he was 
 pleased to place it in, and if other men would contribute to his 
 elevation, he would then graciously condescend to distribute the 
 favours of the Crown in the manner most agreeable to himself. 
 That part of my letter to C. T.° relative to his Lordship's conduct, 
 views, and expectations, is absolutely confirmed by this event. I 
 should have been glad to have talked to our friend [G. Townshend] 
 upon the subject you mention, more glad to have partaken of 
 such an entertainment than that of turtle eating, in which last 
 my education has been much neglected. . . ." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 17G4, Aug. 22. Knole. — "I am obliged to you for your long 
 letter and I am glad to find by it that we had not been mistaken 
 in our notions of the present political situation of individuals, 
 and by all I have learned from you and by other channels of 
 intelligence my sentiments are not the least changed since I com- 
 municated them so fully to C. Townshend. It is really surprizing 
 that Lord Temple, whose mind is so constantly agitated with the 
 operations of party, should be left for months together without 
 the least communication of what is either acting or contriving, or 
 without so much as one sensible correspondent to relate to him 
 the news or the conjectures of the day. Mr. Calcraft's visit would 
 have raised the same suspicions in my mind as it did in yours, for 
 I can have no idea of that man going a mile out of his road with- 
 out being employed by his patrons or without consulting his own 
 private emolument. But if his appearance was the means of 
 procuring you C. Townshend's company, you must acknowledge 
 yourself under an obligation to Mr. Calcraft, though it is for a 
 favour he did not intend to confer upon you. 
 
 * See p. 61. 
 
95 
 
 ' ' We have had a visit from the Primate of four and twenty 
 hours. He is now gone to Mr. G-renville's, but though in your 
 neighbourhood, probably you may not hear of his making part of 
 that society. I asked him if he would not take the opportunity 
 of riding over to Stowe, but I found the tide did not set that way. 
 He had been at Lord Bute's, the Chancellor's, and Duke of Bed- 
 ford's, and from the few sentences which could drop from him 
 in the time he stayed here I am the more and more confirmed in 
 my former opinion of the present state of partys. I see no pros- 
 pect of any union among the discontented, and unless the strange 
 behaviour of the French in the West Indies should create an 
 alarm among the ministers I shall not be surprized if the next 
 Session should begin upon the ground the last ended. As to 
 propositions coming from any other quarter than that of the present 
 ministers, it will be in vain to expect, unless union and system 
 should show opposition in an alarming light to the Court. As that 
 is not the case, the only chance of a treaty being set on foot must 
 be the diffidence of ministers in their own strength, both in Parlia- 
 ment and in the nation at large. If France should disavow their 
 officer and give every necessary satisfaction," our Secretarys will 
 plume themselves upon their spirited dispatches and will be 
 looking out with eager expectations for popular applause, but if 
 there should be the smallest appearance of a rupture with that 
 court, there is not a man among them except Lord Sandwich who 
 would presume to take the lead in so dangerous a conjuncture, 
 and would [not] be happy to lay the burthen upon those more 
 accustomed to bear such uneasy loads. . . ." 
 
 Lord George Sackvtlle to General Irwin. 
 
 1764, Sept. 5. Knole.— " ... As to Mr. Nugent, he is, 
 as you observe, the most uninformed man of his rank in England, 
 and the short reason of it is that nobody can depend upon his 
 attachment. His great aim is to keep his present employment, 
 and upon the least appearance of ministerial jumbles he is in 
 violent agitation till he has found a safe harbour to protect him 
 against the impending storm. I am much obliged to him for his 
 advice, the more so as I am persuaded he would act in the manner 
 he wishes me to do, but I cannot say I should expect (if I was to 
 comply with it) the approbation of any one man in England. A 
 garrison never surrenders at discretion till deprived of every 
 means of offence and defence. Thank God as yet I have some 
 ammunition left and plenty of provisions. Mr. Grenville, ;,? I know 
 not why, has never shown any inclination to be even upon civil 
 terms with me. I suppose he sees it his interest to be otherwise. 
 Take away the cause, the effect ceases, but according to Mr. 
 Nugent's plan, instead of removing the cause I should add to it by 
 subjecting myself to the contempt of one who, before he can be 
 my friend, must feel I can be an enemy worthy his attention. 
 What Mr. Townshend may be about I cannot guess, but if he will 
 
 * Of. p. 117. 
 
96 
 
 make good his ground with Mr. Yorke it will be the most 
 creditable and the most advantageous situation he can place him- 
 self in, for in that case such a connection must hold the ballance 
 in their hands. If Mr. Townshend was to come to Knole it 
 would add to the tremblings, for I can tell you he thinks your 
 staying so long at Stowe a certain sign of deep opposition next 
 winter, and now and then grumbles out a sentence to that effect. 
 As to Sir J. Cust, I do not believe a word of the report of his 
 resigning. It took its rise upon his going to Spa that his health 
 would not permit him to continue in the chair, and eventual 
 applications were made. Forrester is the Duke of Bedford's man, 
 but surely the minister acting in the House of Commons must 
 expect to be indulged in placing a friend in that station, and 
 Moreton would in my opinion be the abler man of business 
 though less pompous than Forrester. Dowdeswell could fill the 
 employment with credit, but if he rises the Excise must fall. 
 . . . I am fully persuaded that the Primate had not any com- 
 mission from any person whatever to treat with G. Grenville, 
 and if you see Townshend you may assure him that had I been 
 in the most distant manner the object of that visit, he should 
 have been previously acquainted with it." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1764, Nov. 2. Knole. — "I am glad to hear of your good 
 reception at Court, from which I conjecture our affairs there 
 stand upon the footing they did in August last. It is always 
 desirable to preserve that degree of countenance and civility 
 which makes the necessary attendance at a levee an act of 
 inclination as well as of duty. Your . conversation with Mr. 
 G[renville] affords matter for speculation. Nothing could be 
 more proper or prudent than your manner of receiving it, for 
 whilst you intimated no disinclination to be his friend, you gave 
 him no reason to suspect that there was any eagerness on our 
 part to court his power or to sue for his protection. One cannot 
 imagine that the love of talking alone could have induced him to 
 have entered into such a detail of his situation. It is amusing at 
 least to hazard a conjecture upon the motives of this conference. 
 It seems to me to be addressed to you as having passed your 
 summer at Stowe and at Knole, in hopes of your communicating 
 to the inhabitants of both places his power at Court, his strength 
 in Parliament, his spirit and perseverance, and lastly his 
 disinterestedness and moderation. In those different views he 
 gratify 'd his pride in respect to his former connections in showing 
 how far he despised their resentment or attacks, and he held out 
 to us how idle a pursuit opposition would be against a ministry 
 so resolute and so well supported. You may then say, if he is as 
 powerful as he represents himself to be, to what purpose did he 
 take so much pains to dissuade us from exposing ourselves in an 
 unsuccessful attempt upon his authority. In the first place, if he 
 were exactly as he wishes you to believe him to be, he would not 
 be sorry to see us added to his train of admirers, if our dependance 
 
91 
 
 upon him could be obtained by fair words and gracious smiles ; 
 and, in the second place, he may not be sorry to keep a channel 
 open through your means for negotiation in case any disagree- 
 ment among the present set of ministers may put him under the 
 necessity of calling in men of some ability to his assistance who 
 may be at liberty to join with and support him against his worst 
 enemys, his nearest relations. But I am strongly of opinion 
 that if the Duke of Bedford and the two Secretary's of State should 
 continue firmly and cordially connected with him, that not only 
 no alteration will happen before the opening of the session, but 
 that no negotiation of consequence will be set on foot, and that 
 Mr. Grenville will depend not so much upon his own strength as 
 upon the disunion and upon the impracticable temper of his 
 opponents. . . ." 
 
 Lord George Sackyille to General Irwin. 
 
 1764, Nov. 9.—" . . . The Duke of Cumberland has 
 been extremely bad from the loss of seventy ounces of blood which 
 was taken from him to prevent his choaking with a sore throat. 
 After his other evacuations one should have thought he could not 
 have survived it, but they now say he is so well as to be removed 
 in a few days to London. 
 
 " I do not understand why the Duke of Bedford should so 
 seldom appear at Court. The ministers talk so confidently of 
 their own strength that I should imagine it would be not 
 improper to confirm the belief of it by the appearance of union 
 and cordiality among themselves. I conclude Mr. Grenville and 
 Lord Bute are good friends, and probably that is thought 
 sufficient. Mr. Rigby is to meet his Grace at Wobourne. . . ." 
 
 The Same to the. Same. 
 
 1764, Nov. 18. Knole. — " The post before I received your last 
 letter I heard from London that the Duke of Bedford was expected 
 in town and that he was in perfect good humour. If the accounts 
 we hear from different quarters of his Grace's humour be true, it 
 seems to be of the intermitting kind, for it seldom holds two 
 days the same. Mr, Rigby was to meet him at Wobourne on the 
 10th, and possibly his report is now current. 
 
 " That part of the conversation which you did not mention 
 in your first letter confirms in some degree an opinion I 
 formerly held, that the influence from a certain quarter was not 
 so absolute and extensive as is generally imagined, but in all these 
 events it is impossible to proceed upon certain intelligence 
 because it may vary when taken from the best authority. 
 
 "Col. Greeme, I hear, is returned from Ireland, and Chas. 
 Townshend is expected in town the 20th. He writes to Ross that 
 for his own part he would have chosen to have stayed till the 9th 
 of January, but that Lady Dalkeith found the air of Adderbury 
 too sharp for the children. How happy she is to have so 
 
 21250 
 
 G 
 
98 
 
 indulgent an husband. . . . The Primate is out of immediate 
 danger, but the physicians have no hopes of his recovery. The 
 dropsy is gone, but some of the vitals are bad. Cuninghame says 
 he bears his illness with great firmness of mind." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1764, Nov. 25. Knole.— " You will have known that Mr. Yorke 
 is returned to Court, but whether he is to be Master of the Bolls 
 or Attorney-General I have not yet heard. My correspondent 
 tells me that Mr. Yorke had been with Chas. Townshend and had 
 convinced him that the behaviour of the Duke of Newcastle and 
 Mr. Pitt justify'd the step he had taken, and I am apt to 
 believe that Mr. Yorke' s regard to his own character would not 
 suffer him to quit those with whom he was connected without his 
 appearing in the right to all unprejudiced people. 
 
 " Mr. Townshend,! am told, says he will receive no proposals 
 but through his brother, and those must be in writing ; that he 
 has communicated whatever has been said to him to Lord Temple 
 and should continue to do so. My remark upon this his resolution 
 is, that he may wait long enough before the ministers enter into 
 such a treaty with him, and that whenever they intend to bargain 
 for my Lord Temple it will be through Mr. Pitt's and not through 
 Mr. Townshend's mediation. I hear likewise that Townshend 
 was graciously received at Court, which put him in high spirits. 
 I am glad he is happy with that event, but I do not see that it 
 tends to any immediate good. 
 
 "What you say of the Chamberlain's staff is the report of 
 London, and I suppose not entirely void of foundation. I cannot 
 believe that the event will happen without many material 
 changes. It will be a load upon the present ministers, as it will 
 confirm the too general belief of their acting as his deputy s. But 
 if Mr. Pitt is to lead him into office, much room must be made for 
 their necessary attendants, and I think that can not happen so 
 immediately before a session of Parliament. 
 
 " I propose being in town in the course of next week, by which 
 time I conclude we may be able to guess at what is intended. In 
 the present view of affairs it looks as if the ministers had an easy 
 game to play. What their internal state is I cannot assert, but 
 so much depends upon the mysterious situation, intention, and 
 influence of Lord Bute that there can be no certain conclusions 
 drawn from such unclear premises." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1764, Dec. 18. Pall Mall.—" ... The Primate is again- ' 
 dangerously ill. They say it is a fever and not his old complaint, 
 but I doubt much of his having strength to get over it after all he 
 has suffered. If he dies, it is the received opinion that my Lord 
 Northumberland will not return to Ireland, and I hear of no 
 
 * Of Ireland. 
 
99 
 
 willing successor to him but Lord Hertford. Mr. Yorke, as you 
 observe, does not meet with approbation from many people, 
 but as he now stands in that rank from which he may naturally 
 take the seals, he will not repent of what he has done unless he 
 should be disappointed by not obtaining the great and sole 
 object of his ambition. 
 
 "I cannot conceive from whence arises the report of the 
 Parliament's being prorogued. It is absolutely without 
 foundation, and Mr. Grenville has wrote circular letters to his 
 friends, signed with his own name, to bring them to tow T n by the 
 10th of January, saying particularly that business will be brought 
 on immediately after the meeting. As to the two points of 
 business that are expected, I believe that relating to Conway will 
 not be proposed ; at least in a long conversation I have had with 
 his most intimate friend I cannot find there is anything deter- 
 mined about it. As to the money plan being attacked by Chas. 
 Townshend, there is no such general intention. All that he pro- 
 poses is to fling out his own ideas as to the state of the revenue, 
 the debts and the means of reducing or attempting to reduce 
 them, leaving himself entirely at liberty to agree or disagree with 
 whatever may be proposed by the Treasury upon those subjects, 
 wishing at the same time that he may have the credit of suggest- 
 ing some things which may be adopted, or at least appear to the 
 generality of the world as if they ought to have been adopted. In 
 short, he wants to be looked upon as capable of any business, and 
 ready to assist Government in whatever department may be 
 allotted to him, if the situation of affairs ever requires the looking 
 out for men of Parliamentary ability s. But what he earnestly 
 desires is his preserving the good opinion of the King, which he 
 has some reason to hope he now possesses. This short account 
 will show how moderate a part he is likely to act, and I encourage 
 the idea because it would be too provoking to work at the odious 
 task of systematical opposition to serve the purposes of the 
 Master of Hayes without his entring into one measure of spirit 
 or vigour. 
 
 "Lord Temple returned to Stow r e in the same undetermined 
 state of mind you left him in, and purposes being in town but a 
 few days before the meeting of the Parliament." 
 
 Postscript. "I am glad Sir Lawrence Dundass is known to 
 Lord Chesterfield. Approbation from such men as his Lordship 
 must be most acceptable, as it cannot be purchased even by his 
 great fortune." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1764, Dec. 27. Pall Mail.—" There is as yet no new Primate.* 
 The report is that Newton and Keen (?) have refused it because 
 whoever accepts it must not expect to be in the Government. 
 Dr. Ewer, Lord Gran by 's bishop, sollicits for it most vehemently 
 
 * Dr. Robinson, Bishop of Kildare (afterwards created Lord Rokeby), was 
 appointed Archbishop of Armagh in 1705 in succession to Dr. Stone. 
 
100 
 
 and they say he stands the fairest for it. Keppel is also talked 
 of. CarmichaeP is mentioned as a proper man if his country did 
 not render that promotion unpopular. It is curious to see the 
 present Administration so carefull of their popularity. I suppose 
 they have it to lose. 
 
 " The Primate's will is very short and was made for him when 
 Cuninghame attended him, and it was the first he ever executed. 
 He leaves his sister in Ireland all he died possessed of, and they 
 compute when everything is turned into money she may have near 
 ten thousand pounds. This may be a decent provision for her, 
 and it was very right in those about the Primate to remind him 
 of what her situation would have been had he omitted the taking 
 this care of her. 
 
 " I hear no more of Parliament than if the session was not 
 approaching. The question upon the warrants is what the 
 ministers expect, and Mr. Grenville thinks it may be a particular 
 distress upon Mr. Yorke, as his argument remains in full force. 
 You perceive by this that they are preparing people for Mr. 
 Y r orke's acting in that point against them to prevent it being 
 thought that he still remains unconnected with the Adminis- 
 tration. I have read the pamphlet you mention. They say 
 Dunning wrote it. There are many good things in it and some 
 new, and much enlivened with abuse, of which he is most 
 bountiful. It would do better for a speech in Parliament than for 
 a book, but surely the man must have spirit and genius and I 
 dare say your Whigg blood was animated by him. 
 
 " Lord Legonier has had a fresh attack of his ague, but he is 
 recovered ; in short he seems to be immortal, and whoever is 
 looking out for his regiment must think him the most 
 unreasonable of men. Col. Draper's letter affords some 
 conversation. The Spaniards have found out a very extra- 
 ordinary reason for refusing the payment of the money. Why 
 Draper did not take hostages for such a sum, I have no 
 conception. ..." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1765, July 29. Knole.— " I hope that this will find you 
 and yours perfectly well and happy in a scene [Gibraltar] 
 so different from that you have lately been in. I shall 
 be disappointed if you do not by this time begin to look 
 out with impatience for the arrival of English letters, 
 though you will learn from private accounts little more 
 than appears in the publick papers of the day. The news writers 
 seem now to be in the confidence of those who are, as well as those 
 who wish to be, ministers. When you left us, Mr. Conway was 
 not thought of as Secretary of State. He then stood Chancellor 
 of the Exchequer, and I am told he expressed great happiness 
 from being excused from undertaking the money department. 
 The seals I suppose he looked upon as better adapted to his 
 
 * The Hon. W. Carmichael was translated from Meath to Dublin in 1765, 
 
101 
 
 capacity, though I should imagine he would find full employment 
 for his abilitys, especially if we are to strike into confidential 
 engagements in consequence of Mr. Pitt's Prussian ideas, and I 
 should apprehend the system to be entirely adverse to the House 
 of Austria by the little share I hear Lord Egmont has in the 
 present councils. 
 
 "You cannot conceive how loud the clamour is against Lord 
 Temple. His Lordship's arguments have convinced not one 
 friend of his party of the propriety of his conduct, and Mr. Pitt 
 laments his state of health particularly at this time, as it prevented 
 his undertaking the administration without the assistance of 
 Lord Temple, which he otherwise was ready to have done. His 
 Lordship always ends his explanations with talking of certain 
 delicacys, but what they mean nobody can understand, and in 
 short the whole of that transaction appears equally absurd and 
 unintelligible. Lord Temple, I suppose, is aware that he will be 
 suspected of some secret negotiation with his brother, so he now 
 amuses himself with abusing Mr. Grenville's administration in 
 the grossest terms, and says there was hardly an article of it that 
 must not have been changed or amended. In putting all things 
 together I am apt to imagine that his Lordship found himself 
 unequal to the undertaking and was conscious that he should have 
 made a poor figure in succeeding to his brother, and therefore had 
 recourse to such awkward excuses as he is now reduced to, and 
 rather submits to the disapprobation of his family and his friends 
 than to the loss of his popularity, which he knew must have been 
 the consequence of his not giving a sudden spring to publick credit. 
 
 " The present ministers perched for some time upon Mr. Pitt's 
 shoulders, but he thought the weight troublesome and he has 
 brushed them off, and he desires those who are immediately 
 attached to him to declare that he has not the smallest share in 
 the advising or the directing of measures. In this humour he is 
 set forward to Somersetshire. The Duke of Newcastle began his 
 old tricks by meddling with everything in every department, but 
 the Duke of Grafton called him to order, and he promises to behave 
 better for the future. Sir Fletcher Norton is out and shows a 
 letter from Mr. Pitt strongly in his favour. Mr. Yorke has not 
 yet accepted, he declined doing it till Sir Fletcher was satisfyd. 
 The vacancy now being made, he has the offer of it, and if he does 
 not immediately take it Hussey is to have the next refusal, but it 
 is generally believed Mr. Yorke will not be cruel. Lord Howe is 
 Treasurer of the Navy, with the late Vice Chamberlain quartered 
 upon him. I have not heard for certain whether Ellis is to return 
 to be one of the Vice Treasurers or not. If he does, I do not see 
 the use of putting him out of the War Office for Lord Barrington 
 to succeed to it. Colonel Barre is in France and certainly has 
 the offer of being Vice-Treasurer. It is thought he will not 
 enlist, as Lord Shelburne declines taking part in this adminis- 
 tration. However he is wrote to, and I think the offer sufficiently 
 tempting. I wonder what the plan of Government is for the 
 House of Commons, for they seem displeased with Townsend and 
 they have turned out Norton, Hay (?), and Dyson, three men 
 
102 
 
 whose assistance I should imagine most essential in different 
 branches of business. 
 
 "Lord Bolinbrockejias resigned, they say Lord Darlington is 
 to do the same, Lord Frederick Campbell has likewise given up, 
 and it is now believed Lord Kinnoul will succeed him, though 
 his Lordship keeps close to his retirement in Scotland. What 
 diverts me is that the Duke of Argyle is to have the Green 
 Eibband. He must be very fond of adorning his person to 
 accept of such an ornament under such circumstances. As to 
 myself, I must remain as I did, and I think it is well for you 
 that you are at such a distance, for probably next session may 
 not pass over without some disagreeable altercations. . . ." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1765, Sept. 14. Knole. — " The new ministry are just in the 
 same situation they were in two months ago. I hear of no 
 acquisitions to their party, and I know of no defection from it. 
 They have not yet filled up the Vice Treasurers' employments. 
 Ellis pushes hard to be one. Colonel Barre has certainly the 
 offer, and though the resolution of giving it to him was taken 
 long agoe, the letters were not sent to him till within this fortnight. 
 But most people imagine he will decline, as he left full powers 
 with Lord Shelburne to treat for him, and as his Lordship is 
 silent upon the subject, Barre' s answer it is thought will not be 
 favourable, though I confess the temptation is as great as he 
 could have expected. . . . 
 
 "Lord Lome's getting the Royal [regiment] is extraordinary. 
 I am not pleased with his accepting it, and look upon it as- the 
 second part of the Green Ribband, and I must now not be angry 
 with his father adorning his person since the son condescends to 
 accept favours from Government in the particular situation in 
 which his family stands relative to the late Adminstration. 
 However I am told Lord Lome when he accepted wrote Mr. 
 Conway word that he should look upon himself as bound to 
 express his regard and his obligations to the Duke of Bedford. 
 What all that means I know not, and we must wait the event of 
 next session. In the mean while I can not learn that the Privy 
 Seal of Scotland is yet disposed of. . . . 
 
 "The town is fuller than usual at this time of the year. The 
 christening of the young Prince and the arrival of the Prince and 
 Princess of Brunswick have 'given many people the pretext of 
 leaving the country. Townshend is in the midst of them. He 
 was sent for to have the offer of Secretary to the Treasury for his 
 friend Cowper, who is so wise as to refuse a precarious employ- 
 ment for which he must quit his profession and by which he 
 already gets a thousand pounds a year. Mr. Pitt is still in 
 Somersetshire and they say has the gout. I should think he may 
 remain there to avoid taking any part in Parliament. 
 
 "I have just had a letter which says Cowper has now accepted, 
 by which I conjecture they give him something more certain than 
 
 * William Henry. Duke of Clarence. 
 
103 
 
 Secretary to the Treasury in case he should be dismissed from 
 thence. Townshend does not look upon Cowper's accepting, or 
 rather upon the offer made to him, as any compliment to himself. 
 He says he knows nothing of their measures, doubts if they have 
 any. He proposes going to Lord Holland's for a few days as next 
 Fryday, from thence to Adderbury till the meeting of the Parlia- 
 ment, the time of which is not yet declared." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1765, Oct. 25. Knole. — A long letter announcing the death of 
 the Duke of Dorset, giving the particulars of his last hours, and 
 his disposition of his property. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1765, Dec. 23. Pall Mall.— " . . . I am writing to you a 
 little before I set out for Hythe in hopes of being re-elected. I 
 vacated my seat last Fryday by accepting the office of one of the 
 Vice- Treasurers of Ireland, and immediately after kissing hands 
 I was sworn of the Privy Council in the King's Closet. I cannot 
 acquaint you in this manner of all that passed previous to this event, 
 but you may remember you always wished me to be in employ- 
 ment, were it but for a week. I am now undergoing that kind of 
 abuse in the newspapers which I knew was to happen whenever 
 I returned to office, but among other things it was said that my 
 being employed would be taken ill by the House of Brunswick, 
 and the Hereditary Prince being here made it particularly 
 improper. However, the appearance did not answer the asser- 
 tion, for he happened to be at the Levee when I was presented, 
 and as soon as the King was out of the room he walked up to me 
 and in the most polite manner wished me joy. The talk of the 
 town now is that Mr. Pitt is expected in London from the Bath, 
 and that he is, in conjunction with Lord Temple, Mr. Grenville, 
 and his connections, to make up a wise and permanent Adminis- 
 tration ; and, to prepare the way, Lord Temple sets out to-morrow 
 to concert the previous steps to this important event. Whether 
 this be true or no I cannot say, but the Ministers have no 
 reason as yet to imagine he is adverse to them, and the majority 
 in both Houses does not call for any immediate alteration. Be 
 that as it may, I am not sorry I am now once more belonging to 
 Court. 
 
 " The vacant garters are to be given on Thursday to the Prince 
 of Wales, the Hereditary Prince of Brunswick, and to Lord 
 Albemarle. Everybody is distressed about America. The spirit 
 that rages there is beyond conception. God only knows how it 
 will end, for as yet I have heard no human reasoning that 
 promises a happy issue to it." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1766, Jan. 17. — "You will be impatient to hear in what temper 
 the House met after the adjournment. Any conjectures which 
 might have been formed in consequence of former proceedings 
 
101 
 
 will not be found to answer, as the appearance of Mr. Pitt and the 
 avowed part he took with America has given a new turn to the 
 minds of many, and as Mr. Conway at once adopted his sentiments 
 I conclude the ministers intend to direct their future proceedings 
 by what he then declared. It seems we have all been in a mis- 
 take in regard to the Constitution, for Mr. Pitt asserts that the 
 legislature of this country has no right whatever to lay internal 
 taxes upon the colonys ; that they are neither actually nor 
 virtually represented, and therefore not subject to our jurisdiction 
 in that particular ; but still, as the Mother Country, we may tax 
 and regulate their commerce, prohibit or restrain manufactures, 
 and do everything but what we have done by the Stamp Act ; 
 that in our representative capacity we raise taxes internally and 
 in our legislative capacity we do all the other acts of power. If 
 you understand the difference between representative and 
 legislative capacity it is more than I do, but I assure you it was 
 very fine when I heard it. Mr. Grenville did not submit to these 
 doctrines, and in my poor opinion spoke incomparably well, and 
 showed at least as deep a knowledge in the Constitution as the 
 Great Commoner did. But, however, Mr. Pitt says the Stamp Act 
 must be repealed. Mr, Beckford and Mr. Cooke entirely agreed 
 with him. Mr. Secretary Conway was equally zealous for it, and 
 we begin the enquiry into these matters on Tuesday sevennight, 
 and if the great lawyers continue in their present apparent 
 opinion of the full right of sovereignty which the legislature has 
 over every part of this extended Empire, and that they should be 
 supported by many in employment who have publicly avowed 
 the same doctrines, I should imagine the debates will become most 
 interesting and the event a little doubtful, if some saving cannot 
 be found for the honour of legislative supremacy. The adulation 
 of those in employment to Mr. Pitt was beyond conception. He 
 returned compliments to individuals, but he declared himself un- 
 concerted and unconnected with everybody. He abused the late 
 ministry without reserve and condemned all their proceedings. 
 He talked of secret influences which he had opposed and which had 
 prevented his being in employment, and, lest we should mistake 
 him, he disavowed all national distinctions, and [said] that he 
 judged of men by their principles and their measures and not by 
 their places of nativity. He took credit to himself for the sending 
 the Highland regiments to America, and in short held out to the 
 North Britons that they might hope for his protection. He also 
 talked of influences at present, but he was called upon for an 
 explanation, otherwise he would have fixed my Lord Bute as part 
 of the ministry, but he declared he meant nothing but the 
 influence of individuals in office whom he did not approve of, 
 and I was told he pointed at the Duke of Newcastle. Now the 
 best joke is that the Duke of Newcastle has been so violent for 
 bringing Mr. Pitt into employment that he has disobliged many 
 people by it, and yet Mr. Pitt looks upon him as his greatest 
 enemy. The most surprizing part of the whole transaction is that 
 Lord Temple in the House of Lords joined entirely in sentiment 
 with G. Grenville, so that his Lordship and Mr. Pitt are no 
 
105 
 
 longer politically connected. It is generally believed that Mr. 
 Pitt intends coming into employment soon, or avowedly support- 
 ing the present ministry. Mr. Conway wished himself out of his 
 employment and said in the House how happy he should be to 
 serve under Mr. Pitt whenever his Majesty chose to place him at 
 the head of his councils. Mr. Pitt was at the Levee on Wednes- 
 day, at the Drawing-room yesterday, and further the deponent 
 knoweth not. God bless you and yours. There is but one 
 opinion about your behaviour at Gibr altar.* Every body com- 
 mends you, and you really have gained as much credit as your 
 best friends could wish." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1766, Jan. 31. Pall Mall.—" Since I wrote last Mr. Pitt has 
 given a second dissertation upon Government. It was upon a 
 petition proposed by Mr. Cooke from what is commonly called the 
 American Congress, though not so stiled in the petition. But, 
 however, there were inaccuracys in the signature and much 
 exceptionable matter relative to Parliamentary jurisdiction, which 
 determined the House not to receive it. Mr. Pitt pressed hard to 
 have it admitted, and at last grew so warm as to declare that in 
 his opinion the original contract between the Sovereign Power and 
 the Americans was broken, and consequently they had a right to 
 resist and refuse obedience to an act which this legislature could 
 not enforce without injuring them in the most essential point of 
 liberty, as taxation could only be consequential to representation 
 &c. &c. Sir F. Norton, thinking he understood something of 
 the law of this country, stood up and attacked this strange doctrine 
 in his roughest manner, and when he had fixed Mr. Pitt (who by 
 explaining- made it still worse) to avow the opinion, he then 
 declared that such assertions were highly criminal, and the 
 proposer of them ought to be sent to another place. The House 
 immediately joined in the idea and gave such shouts of applause 
 as I never heard, so much that Mr. Pitt seemed greatly dis- 
 concerted and got off awkwardly enough when he was permitted 
 to speak in his justification, but I cannot say he retracted his 
 opinion. . . . 
 
 "About Tuesday next some resolutions will be proposed, 
 and I trust that the Legislative supremacy will then be clearly 
 declared and asserted notwithstanding Mr. Pitt's opinion. 
 After that the merchants' petition and those from America and 
 many of the trading and manufacturing towns will be entered 
 upon, and when all their allegations have been considered, then 
 the House will determine which of the grievances complained of 
 call for redress, and whether the whole or any part of the Stamp 
 Act is to be repealed. . . . Mr. Pitt said one thing which I 
 was sorry to hear, that if he was an American he would not 
 thank the Parliament for the repeal of the Act if it was not done 
 
 * Major-General Irwin was at this time Commander-in-Chief of his Majesty's 
 forces at Gibraltar, 
 
IOC) 
 
 upon the principle of our having no right to lay an internal 
 tax upon that country. In the temper the colonists are now 
 in, such a declaration will be seized with eagerness, and his 
 authority will be quoted as a sanction for their wildest pretensions 
 of an exclusive legislative right of taxing by their assemblys. All 
 report of Mr. Pitt's coming into employment is now subsided. 
 He is at Hayes and will attend this great question in its progress 
 through the House ; whether after it is over any negotiation 
 with him will be resumed is above me to guess, but in general 
 his conduct in this transaction has hurt him with many of his 
 warmest friends, but then he will be the idol of America and of 
 those immediately connected with the colonies. Lord Temple 
 perseveres in his former conduct, and is as violent in his support 
 of the legislative supremacy of Great Britain as Mr. Pitt is in 
 opposition to it, and his Lordship sits at the bottom of the House 
 of Commons smiling and condemning everything Mr. Pitt says 
 and applaudiug the sentiments and behaviour of Mr. Grenville. 
 LordC[hief] J[ustice] Cambden confirms Mr. Pitt's notions of 
 the law, and they say he is to support the same propositions in 
 the House of Lords, but then if he prevails he must convince 
 their Lordships that he understands the true principles of this 
 constitution better than the Chancellor and Lord Mansfield and 
 every other man of eminence in the profession that I have heard 
 of except Mr. Serjeant Hewitt. ... I forgot to tell you that 
 I am much obliged to Mr. Grenville. He spoke about my going 
 into employment in the civilest manner possible, and thought me 
 in the right to accept, and gave some reasons very satisfactory 
 why he could not come to a full explanation with me. This he 
 told to a friend of mine in a manner that showed he meant it 
 should be repeated. I mention this circumstance that you may 
 know there is no ill humour in that quarter. Affairs in Ireland 
 go on hitherto prosperously for Lord Hertford, but that firebrand 
 Lucas is making the mob uneasy and possibly may create ill 
 humour in the country." 
 
 Loed George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1766, Feb. 10. — " For some days past we have been in a strange 
 state of confusion. The House of Lords was the object of 
 attention, and the Opposition in the course of last week carry'd 
 two questions in the American Committee against the Court. The 
 first division was 62 to 60, the second was 58 to 54. The questions 
 were upon the alteration of a word or two in the stating, of no great 
 consequence. The first was whether the Crown should order the 
 Governors in the provinces to recommend to the assemblys the 
 indemnifying the persons who had suffered in the riots. The 
 question was whether " recommend " should be left out in order 
 to introduce the word require, and the latter opinion prevailed. 
 The other was more immaterial, and at the time most of those 
 who votedknew nothing of the matter. The great event was that 
 Lord Bute voted with the Opposition in both the questions, and 
 drew after him very many Lords in employment. On the second 
 
107 
 
 debate, which was on Thursday last, his Lordship spoke with 
 propriety and firmness, declaring that it was not time then to 
 give his opinion upon the Stamp Act, but that in general he would 
 declare that he should not be satisfied with supporting the legis- 
 lative authority of Great Britain by resolutions only, and that if 
 the ministers of the Crown acted upon other principles he was 
 resolved, notwithstanding his duty and affection for the King, 
 strenuously to oppose them. Five or six sentences of this sort 
 he delivered in a very proper manner, and the two Lords who 
 applauded him most were the Duke of Bedford and Lord Temple. 
 I hope after you read that circumstance you will presume to guess 
 at the connections of the great men in this country by your former 
 knowledge of them. 
 
 " You may imagine a total change in the ministry was 
 thought unavoidable, and indeed most people expected the 
 ministers would have resigned. Thus much for the Lords, 
 now for the Commons. On the Wednesday between the two 
 debating days in the Lords, we had the same motion proposed 
 in the House of Commons, and of course the word ' require ' was 
 offered in place of ' recommend.' We debated it for some hours, 
 and Mr. Pitt acted that day openly in favour of the ministers, and 
 took the directions of the proceedings upon him as if he had been 
 in office. Mr. Grenville happening to mention what he should 
 have proposed if nothing of that sort had been moved, Mr. Pitt 
 immediately laid hold of it, and as it was milder and even more 
 moderate than what the Court had intended, agreed to drop the 
 original motion and adopt his, which was done, and by that means 
 a division avoided, which both sides seemed to decline, as I believe 
 neither knew their numbers. On Fryday, however, another 
 debate arose upon an address (I should say a resolution for an 
 address, for it was in the committee) desiring his Majesty to 
 carry all the laws now in force in North America into execution, 
 promising to support, &c, &c. If this had been agreed to, it 
 would have amounted to an immediate declaration of war, for 
 nothing but military power could make the Americans in their 
 present temper submit, and it was thought inexpedient to begin 
 such an operation till it was determined whether you should 
 enforce or repeal the Stamp Act, which was the apparent object 
 of the subsisting tumults in that country. Therefore the Attorney 
 General moved for the leaving the chair, as we could not well give 
 a direct negative to a proposition which, taken abstractedly, every 
 body must approve of. We divided therefore upon that question, 
 and to my great astonishment the ayes on the right were 274, noes 
 on the left 134, majority 140. The most sanguine on our side did 
 not expect to carry it by above seventy, because upon that division 
 all the Bute following declared itself, . . . and what was 
 more extraordinary Mr. Grenville produced my Lord Granby, and 
 prevailed upon him to speak in opposition, and yet with all this 
 the minority made only 134. This event has staggered all 
 the politicians. The stocks, which fell three or four per cent, on 
 Wednesday, Thursday, and Fryday rose as quick on Saturday, and 
 the conversation is that the ministry may now stand their ground. 
 
108 
 
 All this is very fine and certainly true in regard to Parliament, 
 
 but if the measure of a change is really adopted at Court, what 
 should hinder its being carry'd into execution on the other side. 
 If a change is only in contemplation and neither resolved nor 
 arranged, this astonishing and very flattering majority in the 
 House of Commons must work its effect and tend to the 
 establishing the present administration. Mr. Pitt on this last 
 day did not remain in the House. He pleaded his health, but spoke 
 well, and treated Mr. Grenville not very respectfully, and would 
 not stay to hear himself answered, though Mr. Grenville called 
 upon him most earnestly to be present whilst he gave a proper 
 reply to what he had asserted. However, he did not spare him, 
 and I must say the other deserved the treatment Mr. Grenville 
 gave him." 
 
 Postscript. "Tuesday morn. The whole day was taken up 
 yesterday in the House of Commons in reading fresh advices from 
 North America. Upon the whole, the colonists are wilder than ever 
 in appearance, but some of the Governours say the inconvenience 
 of having their trade stopped and the Courts of Law shut, gave 
 them reason to hope that those distresses might induce the people 
 to obedience. The Lords confirmed yesterday the resolutions 
 passed in their committee without any debate, which surprized 
 the spectators. Both sides give out that the King's opinion goes 
 with them. This is not the first time we have heard such con- 
 tradictory assertions among the partys concerned. What looks 
 ill for Ministry is that Gen. Mostyn and Fanshaw voted with the 
 minority. Mr. Pitt wrote an excuse to Grenville for leaving the 
 House so abruptly. The answer was spirited." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1766, March 11.—" ... The repeal of the American Bill 
 is passed our House, and it is to be read this day the second time 
 in the House of Lords. It is thought the numbers present will 
 be nearly equal, but the ministers have a large majority in proxys. 
 Lord Chesterfield has given his to Lord Dartmouth with a strong 
 letter in favour of America, and many will be influenced with the 
 danger that would attend the continuing this tax after the Corn- 
 moms had repealed it by so great a majority. Among that number 
 the Chancellor is reckoned, one who was always in opinion strong 
 both as to the right and the expediency of making the colonys 
 contribute to the expense of defending themselves. Lord Bute is 
 very firm in his opposition to the repeal, and of course carrys 
 many lords with him, but I dare say the ministers will prevail in 
 this point. Mr. Pitt is at Hayes, though he has sold it to Mr. 
 Walpole of the City. In one of our debates he surprized us much 
 by talking of his interviews with his Majesty. It began by 
 Bamber Gascoyn reading a letter wrote to Liverpool directed to 
 the Mayor, in which is mentioned the motion made by Mr. 
 Grenville for an address to the King to enforce the laws in 
 America, and says ' notwithstanding this motion was supported 
 by what may be called the opposition, by all Lord Bute's friends 
 
109 
 
 and the rank Torys, yet we carried it by 140 majority, ancj I hope 
 in a few days to send you word that Mr. Pitt is at the head of the 
 administration.' This curious piece was the production of Sir W. 
 Meredith. This drew Mr. Pitt up to show the little probability of 
 that last event happening, and flung out among other reasons that 
 he had heard a bird sing that there had lately been a meeting 
 between certain great men which probably would be productive 
 of very different events. Grenville was obliged to take some 
 notice of the meeting alluded to between him, Lord Bute, and the 
 Duke of Bedford (which I conclude you have heard enough of) and 
 reproached Mr. Pitt with other meetings of the same sort which 
 he had formerly had with the same person. This begot a very 
 curious relation of facts, in which he owned the meeting with Lord 
 Bute and his subsequent audiences of the King, but he kept 
 entirely clear of bringing Lord Temple into the question. But 
 what was the most particular, he praised my Lord Bute and said 
 though he did not wish to see him minister yet it was shameful 
 to proscribe his relations and his friends, and said that he had 
 said as much to his sovereign, and that he would avow that advice 
 and meet the enraged citizens and support it to their faces, and 
 that the displacing the noble Lord's brother was an insult upon 
 the King, provided the office did not lead to ministerial influence. 
 After much dissertation upon this subject he cleared himself next 
 of his having objected to the Torys and flattered them under the 
 name of the country gentlemen who had so zealously supported 
 the measures of the war, and expressed the highest opinion of 
 them and the truest regard for them, intimating that whatever 
 they were called they would always act upon true revolution (sic), 
 to which Kynaston nodded, some say it was approbation, others 
 declare he was asleep. Upon the whole, that day's behaviour 
 convinced everybody that Mr. Pitt wished to be in office, and that 
 he was resolved to declare to every denomination of men in that 
 House that he had not the smallest objection to act with either 
 of them. So what the consequence will be of all these jumbles 
 and pretensions time only can show, for I do not believe any one 
 man in this country can tell with the least degree of certainty." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Iravin. 
 
 1766, March 27 — Election matters. "We have had daily 
 reports of negotiations with Mr. Pitt, but whatever may have been 
 I believe at present nothing of that sort is carrying on. It is like- 
 wise said the Duke of Grafton is resolved to retire from an office 
 that is so troublesome to him, but I cannot vouch the truth of it. 
 I conclude the holy days will be spent in knowing each other's 
 minds, and in all probability no material changes will happen till 
 towards the end of the session. Lord Bute's speech on the last 
 day of the repeal was well judged and did him great honour. He 
 has by that so authentically excluded himself from ever holding 
 any ministerial office, and has so strongly deny'd his influence, 
 that I should think it will be ridiculous hereafter for any adminis- 
 tration to pretend an alarm or to have any jealousy of his 
 
110 
 
 returning to power, so that I must conclude there will be some 
 degree of complaisance and attention to those who belong to 
 him. . . . 
 
 " The government of Guernsey is given to Sir E. Lyttleton, and 
 George Howard has the offer of Minorca, which he intends to 
 accept, though it vacates his seat in Parliament. The King 
 offered Minorca to Lord Ty rawly, that Howard might have 
 Portsmouth, but his Lordship not being an accommodating 
 genius, refused the change, though to his advantage." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1766, April 25. — I fear I cannot yet speak to Mr. Conway, as 
 he has been very ill, but I have explained your situation to Lord 
 Rockingham. 41 We are now drawing towards the end of the 
 session, but what arrangements are to happen then nobody pre- 
 tends to say. Mr. Pitt is still in town, but proposes going 
 to the Bath in a few days. His declarations are that he is uncon- 
 nected, and though he shews an apparent desire of being 
 in employment, yet he as yet persists in 1 not coming in through 
 the mediation of ministers. Some people wish him minister upon 
 his own terms, others upon more moderate terms, and some few 
 upon no terms whatever. I think for the present all negotiation 
 of that sort is suspended, and we must wait to see whether his 
 Majesty pleases to support effectually the servants he now em- 
 ploys or whether he inclines to call others to their assistance. 
 We have had the old affair of the general warrants, and we 
 carry'd the resolutions formerly rejected by above an hundred 
 majority. Mr. Pitt thinks what is done not sufficient, and he is 
 to move this day a resolution in regard to the illegality of 
 general warrants at large. What has hitherto been done relates 
 to the particular case before us, and Mr. Grenville wants an Act 
 of Parliament for declaring it illegal to seize papers in any case 
 short of treason, so you perceive the desire of popularity urges 
 everybody to be advocates for liberty. In our debate, Sir Fletcher 
 Norton cleared himself of ever having supported in the least degree 
 the legality of the warrants issued by the Secretary of State, and 
 called upon Mr. Yorke to declare and confirm what he asserted, 
 wdiich indeed he did in the fullest manner. Sir Fletcher did him- 
 self great honour, and the House expressed their approbation of his 
 conduct by assenting to the compliments made him by individuals. 
 We have an additional tax upon windows to provide for a million 
 and a half of the unfunded debt. Mr. Grenville opposed it with 
 great ability and made no bad figure in the division in the com- 
 mittee of ways and means, the Court carrying the question but by 
 50 majority, 162 to 112. . . . 
 
 "The great news from the East Indies furnishes conversation 
 when we can talk of any other news than domestick politicks. 
 They say the India Company, by possessing Bengal, will have an 
 income of two millions a year, besides what they are to pay to 
 the Mogul and to the Nabob. I wish we may avail ourselves in 
 some manner of their acquisition for the benefit of the public, 
 
Ill 
 
 for really, without some extraordinary resources; I see no end of 
 the load imposed upon us, as our peace establishment is so far 
 beyond the ordinary supplies. The German account is closed, 
 and the demand this year was far short of what Mr. Grenville 
 promised. The whole that is paid does not amount to much 
 above 1,200,000/. Mr. Pitt has had an interview with 
 Lord Temple and Mr. Grenville upon family affairs, which is 
 construed into a political reconciliation. However that may be 
 Mr. Pitt takes all opportunities of being civil in the House to his 
 family connections, and at least shows that he would not be averse 
 to being called into the service with them. We have now 
 depending some American regulations in regard to commerce, in 
 which the ministry and Mr. Pitt will differ. Mr. Beckford, not 
 approving of some of them, has prejudiced him in favour of his 
 own particular system, for you may remember there are frequently 
 distinct interests between the Islands and North America." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1766, June 10. — The session has come to an end without 
 any interesting events whatever. "You may remember last year 
 the strange turn affairs took upon the Regency Bill. I was 
 apprehensive something of the same sort would have happened 
 this year previous to our breaking up, for his Majesty had been 
 prevailed upon to countenance an application of his brothers to 
 Parliament for a settlement among the three equal to what 
 reverted to the publick at the death of the Duke of Cumberland. 
 The ministers some months ago consented to the bringing the 
 demand into Parliament, but the untoward situation of affairs and 
 the retiring of the Duke of Grafton made them postpone it till by 
 the course of business the Committee of Supply was closed. They* 
 expected the consideration of it would naturally come on the 
 beginning of next session, but unluckily the Court of Denmark 
 apply 'd for proceeding upon the Treaty of Marriage sooner than 
 was at first stipulated, so that it became necessary to mention it 
 to Parliament that some steps might be taken in regard to the 
 portion of the Princess. As that must be done by message, 
 the Duke of Yorke thought the opportunity most favourable for 
 introducing his request, as the subject was the making a provision 
 for one of the Royal family. Yain were the attempts to shew the 
 great difference between the fulfilling of an engagement entered 
 into and solemnly approved by Parliament, and the agitating of a 
 matter new in itself and in some degree unprecedented. How- 
 ever he insisted upon the promise and the ministers were in real 
 distress, for as the King looked upon himself as engaged to his 
 brothers it was difficult to find the means of accommodation, When 
 perhaps the distress of Administration was one tempting motive 
 with the Duke of Y r orke for pushing the King to the compliance 
 with the demand. However, after much altercation it was settled 
 with his Majesty to say in his message that his intentions had 
 been to propose to the consideration of the House the making of 
 a provision for his brothers, but the late season of the year calling 
 
112 
 
 for a speedy recess he postponed it till another session, not 
 doubting but the House would take it into consideration cheer- 
 fully and willingly when it should be laid before them. This was 
 tacked to the message about the marriage, in answer to which you 
 may be sure we promised to enable his Majesty to give a proper 
 portion with his sister. That portion was explained to mean 
 40,000L, and I suppose it was done in that shape rather than 
 granting the money absolutely, which could not be effected with- 
 out opening the Committee of Supply, and when that was once 
 opened perhaps it might not have been so easy to 'have closed it 
 again without going on with the provision for their Eoyal 
 Highnesses, and had the ministers done it at this season of the 
 year it would have raised a great clamour against them, and 
 might be reasonably called a surprize, as the majority of the 
 members were out of town in full confidence that all the money 
 demands had been fulfilled. . . . We declared our readiness 
 to take into consideration what related to the Duke of York, &c, 
 whenever the King pleased to lay it before us. Augustus Hervey 
 thought we ought to go still further, and moved an amendment 
 saying that we would make immediate provision for their Eoyal 
 Highnesses, intimating that it would be an acceptable compli- 
 ment to the King. This was opposed upon every ground of 
 political considerations, and as directly contrary to all Parlia- 
 mentary proceedings. Very little was said in favour of it, and 
 upon the division, we were, for rejecting the amendment 109 to 
 35, a full house for the time of year and at ten o'clock at night. 
 
 "The few remaining days of the session were taken up in 
 mere matters of form. Lord North was offered the third 
 Vice-Treasurership of Ireland, and, as I am told, had twice 
 accepted, but it ended in his refusing it. Lord Howe has resigned 
 'Treasurer of the Navy because Mr. Pitt is not in the ministry, as 
 it is given out ; but as that circumstance did not prevent his 
 engaging in the two last administrations, the reason does not 
 seem satisfactory to me. Some say that he wanted to be relieved 
 from William Finch, who, it seems, is quartered upon him for 
 1,200Z. a year ; but be it as it may, he is out, but nobody as yet 
 appointed to succeed him, so they have now two offices towards 
 an arrangement whenever they choose to make it. If they should 
 take some months to consider of that relating to the Irish 
 Treasury, Mr. Oswald and I shall not complain, as we divide the 
 emoluments of the whole between us. 
 
 " Poor Lady Sutherland is dead, and I fear my Lord will not 
 live many days. A more melancholy event never happened. 
 She died worn out with her attendance upon him and with her 
 anxiety about him. I know not whether to wish his life or his 
 death. He does not yet know that the poor woman is dead, 
 probably never will." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1766, June 27. Stoneland Lodge.— Election matters. " Lord 
 Hertford is returned from Ireland. The latter part of the session 
 was very satisfactory to him, but he underwent for some months 
 
113 
 
 every abuse that could be offered to a chief governor. The 
 Speaker is not in good humour, he played the old game upon the 
 Lord Lieutenant of dropping in questions where popularity might 
 be lost. As soon as he had done it he apologys'd for his conduct, 
 and then the Opposition, who' thought themselves sure of him, 
 were more angry with him than even Lord Hertford was, so that, 
 finding all sides had abused him, he thinks the best way is to be 
 out of humour with Government, but in the meantime he does 
 not object to the being one of the Lords Justices and of holding 
 the employment of Commissioner of the Revenue. How surpriz'd 
 such people would be if they were treated with that degree of 
 severity which their conduct naturally calls for, but indeed the 
 lenity of Government sets everything afloat in that king- 
 dom. . . . 
 
 " We have one improvement since you were here; a new road 
 to Tunbridge Wells, so that I am in no danger of being shut up 
 for the winter in this place. Lady Lambard and the Miss Porys 
 are with us. I take them as part of the unsettled estate of the 
 family, and they do not dispute my title." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1766, July 27. — Election matters. "You will hear from all 
 hands of the change of ministry that is now carrying on. The 
 system is not yet arranged, or at least it has not reached this 
 place. Mr. Pitt is Director General, but he accepts only of the 
 Privy Seal. The first idea was Lord Temple at the head of the 
 Treasury. He came from Stowe upon it and continued in good 
 humour for two days, but broke upon settling the other great 
 offices. He inclined to have G. Grenville considered and wanted 
 Lord Gower to be Secretary of State and Lord Lyttleton in the 
 Cabinet, but neither of these were agreed to and he departed in 
 ill-humour, but professing to be extremely well satisfy'd with the 
 King's graciousness towards him. It now stands for the Duke of 
 Grafton at the head of the Treasury. Chas. Townshend was to 
 have been Chancellor of the Exchequer, but I now hear he is 
 likely to continue Paymaster, and Dowdeswell not to move ; Mr. 
 Conway and Lord Shelburne the two Secretarys of State, Lord 
 Northington President, and Lord Cambden Chancellor, Mr. 
 McKenzie to have an employment, and likewise Lord Northum- 
 land. The Duke of Portland remains Chamberlain, and I yet hear 
 of no removes among the great officers excepting Lord Rocking- 
 ham, Duke of Newcastle, and Lord Winchelsea and Duke 
 of Richmond. As for lower arrangements I am as yet ignorant, 
 but as one day makes a great alteration in such affairs you will 
 probably hear by this post from your correspondents resident in 
 in London much later intelligence than I can send you at this 
 distance. 
 
 " I have just had your letter about the complaint against you. 
 I am never sorry of such accusations when they are so easily con- 
 futed. You need not be so uneasy about it, but I am glad of any 
 opportunity of your entering into a serious correspondence with 
 
 21250 
 
 H 
 
114 
 
 administration. As to Cornwallis's return to Gibraltar, that has 
 been explained to you by me (and by him I suppose) some time 
 ago. He is inclined to do whatever shall be most agreeable to 
 you. I shall write again as soon as I see affairs settled here and 
 when I may be able to tell you what is likely to become of your 
 humble servant. . . . That Hamilton lace has never been 
 paid for. . . . The lady of this house thinks the people who 
 made it are sufferers and is uneasy about it and knows not to 
 whom she can apply. Talking of Hamilton lace puts me in mind 
 of the Douglas cause. It is now the general opinion that 
 the young man will establish his right. I have read most of the 
 proofs. The pregnancy of Lady Jane is proved beyond a doubt. 
 The place of the birth very obscure, but Pierre La Marr certainly 
 existed, was at Paris in 1748, was a surgeon and practised 
 midwifry ; and a woman is produced who swears she nursed a 
 child delivered her by La Marr, declaring it to be the child of a 
 stranger lady of great rank, and a twin." 
 
 Postscript. — " I have this instant heard that Townshend is 
 Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Mr. Pitt to be an Earl."t 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1766, August 20. Stoneland. — Election matters. "The ministry 
 , is not yet quite settled, that is, all the departments of business 
 not filled up, at least by yesterday's post no head of the 
 Admiralty was appointed. But when I say ministry I speak 
 inacurately : Lord Chatham has the sole confidence and conse- 
 quently the absolute direction of the whole. Lord Egmont's 
 resignation is much lamented. His management of Marine 
 affairs did him great honour, and his withdrawing himself 
 at this time is the strongest presumptive proof of the turn 
 our foreign negotiations are to take. It is reported that 
 Lord Gower is to have the offer of the Admiralty, and if 
 he refuses then Sir Chas. Saunders, but probably you will 
 hear how that is determined by the time you get this letter. It 
 ■ is disagreeable when at a distance from the scene of action 
 to attempt relating news which is worth nothing if it is stale." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1766, Dec. 9. — "Previous to the opening of the session there 
 was a congress at Bath, and was productive not only of intercourse 
 between Lord Chatham and the Duke of Bedford, but of proposals 
 being made for the taking in some of his Grace's friends. How- 
 ever the terms were not satisfactory, but having been deliberated 
 upon and a communication opened by that means, the Duke of 
 Bedford came up to Parliament in that languid disposition and 
 in that degree of aversion from factious opposition, which plainly 
 proved the measures of administration could easily be adopted if 
 
 * Archibald Stewart, claiming to be son of Sir John Stewart and Lady Jane Douglas, 
 sister and heir of Archibald, last Duke of Douglas. Claim eventually established, 
 f See the letter of Townshend on p. 66 and Lord George's answer. 
 
115 
 
 the terms were adequate to the pretensions of those who shelter 
 themselves under his protection. The first day of the session, 
 however, produced matter of great importance in the House 
 of Lords. You have seen the King's Speech about the embargo 
 upon corn, and it was proposed by Lord Temple in the address to 
 promise his Majesty that they would prepare a bill for 
 indemnifying those who advised and who acted under the illegal 
 exertion of Koyal authority, as the necessity might excuse, but 
 could not make the act legal. This was not consented to, but 
 in the debate upon it the Chancellor, Lord Northington, and 
 Lord Chatham went so near the old prerogative doctrines of Chas. 
 1st, of the salus populi snprema lex, and necessitas lex temporis, 
 and then making the King the judge of the necessity, and that 
 necessity superseding law, you at once establish the doctrines 
 which were held by the judges in the case of ship money, and give 
 in to King James's notions of suspending laws. This you may 
 imagine did not pass unnoticed in the House of Lords, and Lord 
 Mansfield with Lord Temple and Lord Lyttleton were the 
 champions for liberty and the constitution, but Lord Mansfield 
 was under difficultys which prevented his giving his full opinion 
 in regard to the illegality of the Proclamation, as some causes were 
 then begun in the King's Bench upon that subject. But 
 his speech upon prerogative was allowed to be incomparable, and 
 he declared there was no prerogative but what was defined by the 
 Common Law or by the Statute Law, and that whenever 
 necessity called for an extraordinary exertion of power contrary 
 to law, the ministers who advised it must have recourse to 
 Parliament for indemnification. The House of Commons, how- 
 ever, soon had an oppurtunity of showing their detestation 
 of arbitrary doctrines, for Mr. Beckford, copying after his friends, 
 but I suppose did it with less caution, advanced that necessity 
 justify 'd the suspending of laws, and that the act done for 
 the safety of the people became law. Mr. Grenville had his words 
 taken down by the Clerk, and the House would have proceeded to 
 censure had he not recanted, which he attempted to do of himself, 
 but without success, and at last Hussey wrote down some words 
 which were called an explanation, but were a direct contradiction 
 of his assertion. The ministers then finding a storm rising, Mr. 
 Conway moved tor a Bill of Indemnity, and afterwards extended 
 it to the advisers of the measure as well as to those who acted 
 under the authority of the Order of Council. In the course of 
 the Bill, we have had most curious and interesting debates and 
 direct attacks upon the three Lords for their supposed doctrines. 
 But by what is now said, Lord Cambden and Lord Chatham are 
 to explain what they said to be consistent with the true principles 
 of the constitution. Lord Northington is not so willing to take 
 that part, so how they will get out of the scrape I know not, for 
 not less than five hundred people were present at the former 
 debate, and I hear no difference in opinion about what passed 
 upon that occasion. The Bill goes up to the House of Lords this 
 day. Yesterday we were to have had a debate upon the 
 preamble. It was drawn that what had been done could not be 
 
116 
 
 justify'd by the strict rules of law. That expression was taken 
 from the Acts of Indemnity after the rebellions in '15 and '45, 
 and the ministry seemed to support that expression, but Mr. 
 Conway yesterday gave it up, and it now stands in direct and 
 plain words, that it could not be justify'd by law. So we all 
 went to dinner in good humour. . . . Whilst this affair was 
 depending, a great ministerial event happened. Lord Chatham 
 gave the Treasurer of the Household's staff to Mr. Shelley, and 
 offered to make Lord Edgecombe an extraordinary Lord of the 
 Bedchamber as a recompense for parting with it. His Lordship 
 rejected the offer, and Lord Eockingham, the Cavendishes and 
 many others of that connection thought this treatment of Lord 
 Edgecombe was intended as an overt act of hostility against 
 them. They expressed their resentment in the highest terms, 
 but Lord Bessborough, who wished to see harmony preserved 
 among them, offered his office of Postmaster to be given to Lord 
 Edgecombe, and to shew he was not out of humour he would 
 accept of the Bedchamber. "This disinterested proposal was 
 treated with disdain, and no reply made to it any farther than 
 that the affair was already determined. Lord Bessborough 
 indeed did add that he hoped Lord Chatham would declare that 
 his intentions were to live in good- understanding with that part 
 of the friends of the late ministry which remained in employ- 
 ment. I suppose that explanation demanded of Lord Chatham 
 made him decline this method of accommodation. Immediately 
 upon this Sir Chas. Saunders, Sir William Meredyth, Admiral 
 Keppel, Lord Scarborough, Lord Bessborough, Lord Monson (?) 
 and the Duke of Portland resigned their employments. The 
 Chamberlain's staff was immediately given to Lord Hertford, and 
 Sir Edward Hawke was put at the head of the Admiralty. Lord 
 Chatham then sent to Lord Gower to renew his offers to the 
 Bedford connection. Lord Gower is supposed to wish for employ- 
 ment, but he was wise enough to decline being the negotiator, so 
 he went to Woburne and brought up his Grace to treat in person. 
 However the offers went no farther than the Master of the Horse 
 to Lord Gower, Cofferer for Bigby, and the Post Office to Lord 
 Weymouth. What the Duke of Bedford asked is not known, but 
 the answer he received was that the terms were too extensive, and 
 therefore inadmissible. That treaty being ended, his Lordship 
 then took in the friends of Lord Bute, and made the Duke of 
 Ancaster Master of the Horse to the King, Lord Delawar to the 
 Queen, and Mr. Jenkinson, Lord of the Admiralty, and it is said 
 Lord Despenser is to be one of the Post Masters, but that is not 
 done as yet. Lord Hillsborough has kissed hands for that vacant 
 by Lord Grantham's dismission, but nothing declared about the 
 other. Nugent is at the head of the Board of Trade ; Stanley, 
 Cofferer ; and Sir Piercy Brett, Lord of the Admiralty ; Lord 
 Cornwallis, Constable of the Tower; and Lord Berkeley is, instead 
 of that, to be Chief Justice in the office Lord Monson (?) resigned. 
 With all this civility to the friends of Lord Bute, I verily believe 
 no personal notice has been taken of his Lordship. Thus you see 
 good numbers of discontented persons ready to complain and 
 
117 
 
 oppose, but as yet not united under any one head or in any 
 system. Mr. Conway is in an awkward situation, as the Caven- 
 dishes and many of his friends will oppose, yet his own family 
 wish him much to remain in office, and I conclude he will take 
 the opportunity of slipping back into his profession and live 
 quietly without interfering in political matters, since his family 
 draw one way and his intimate connections the other. Mr. 
 Grenville keeps his friendship in appearance with the Bedfords, 
 though I believe these late treatys were negotiated without his 
 being a party in them. Mr. Rigby was very firm in 'remaining 
 without employment, and so were many more of that set, but 
 Lord Gower and the dutchess wished to be at Court. 
 
 "I have seen Cornwallis. He is in good health, and fully 
 intends setting out in May for Gibraltar, so that I flatter myself 
 with the pleasure of seeing you and Mrs. Irwin before the end of 
 the summer. Sir Fletcher Norton and Wedderburne act hitherto 
 firmly with Grenville, and your humble servant is now upon 
 terms of friendship with him, a circumstance I hope not disagree- 
 able to you." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1767, Jan. 6. — I hear you talk of visiting Italy, but think it 
 would be more to your advantage to come straight home. Mr. 
 Grenville has promised to try and serve you on your return. 
 
 "The East India Company is at present the chief object of 
 attention. The last General Court empowered the directors to 
 treat with Government, but as that motion was carry'd by the 
 assistance of those who were before averse from all accommoda- 
 tion, people do not yet guess at the consequences of that 
 resolution. The Revenue is immense, but as yet not so 
 ascertained as with propriety to say what they can spare to the 
 public for the protection granted formerly to them, and for the 
 favours they must soon apply for, and could the ministry have 
 waited with patience till next year I am persuaded they might 
 have availed themselves of a large encrease of income with the 
 full consent and approbation of the proprietors. As it is, there 
 may be grumbling, but money is wanted and must be had, 
 especially for the discharge of the Civil List Debts. It is still a 
 mystery whether Mr. Conway is to quit his office. Most probably 
 he cannot remain in it. If that happens, the received opinion is 
 that Mr. Townshend will have the seals and Lord North the 
 Chancellorship of the Exchequer, but as Lord Chatham is still at 
 Bath all events must wait his return for determination. The 
 long expected marriage of Lord Barrymore and Lady Emily 
 Stanhope is still postponed. The day has been often fixed but 
 without effect, and last Saturday the bride and all her family were 
 dressed, when instead of the bridegroom a note arrived saying 
 that he was taken ill of a fever, and he still continues confined to 
 his house. As these disappointments have happened more than 
 
 Cf. p. 95. 
 
118 
 
 once, though never upon the day appointed, ill-natured people 
 raise a thousand stories and doubts about the marriage taking 
 place at all, but it is surely impossible that his Lordship can 
 behave so strangely." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1767, Feb. 13. — " . . . I am just returned from Hythe 
 where I have withstood a most violent attack. Lord Holdernesse 
 assured the ministers that my family had no other interest in 
 that place than what arose from the influence of the Lord Warden, 
 and he claimed the support of Government that he might have the 
 nomination of two members there, which he could obtain without 
 difficulty as he should have the assistance of many gentlemen in 
 that neighbourhood. Mr. Evelyn was one of his candidates, and 
 he was set forward to declare himself for the general election. 
 Mr. Hatton was to be the other, but he was not produced. The 2nd 
 of February is the day for choosing a mayor, and as he is chosen 
 by the whole of the freemen in the same manner with members 
 of Parliament, the Lord Warden and Mr. Evelyn set up a nomina- 
 tion in opposition to the person they knew I was engaged to, and 
 carry'd it on with the same eagerness as if there had been the 
 election of a member, so that by this previous question we were 
 to shew our respective interests. Threats, promises, and money 
 were used in their full extent. The contest was not fair, as I 
 could pretend to have neither the means of rewarding or 
 punishing and had nothing to set against present interest and 
 future expectations but personal attachments or gratitude for past 
 favours. However, to the honour of my constituents, my friends 
 would not forsake me, and upon the poll I carry'd my mayor by 
 51 against 34, and I had the pleasure of seeing most of those in 
 Custom House employments vote with me, and all of those who 
 were under the Lord Warden, though they were assured in the 
 most positive manner that they would be immediately dismissed 
 from their offices. This sort of violence gave offence to all 
 moderate people, and the Treasury disavow having authorized 
 any such unconstitutional language to be held on their part, 
 and I am assured nobody will be turned out by them for having 
 voted according to their opinions. What Lord Holdernesse will 
 do I know not. If he begins with that sort of work the previous 
 threatenings shall be publickly proved and he may take the credit 
 of avowing them. Had I lost this first question I should soon 
 have been overrun, but they will now see that I am more firmly 
 established than they imagined, and that the place is not to be 
 carry'd by a coup-de-main. I really thought when I took Amherst 
 for my partner that I had shown such a decent attention to 
 Government in that choice that I might have remained 
 unmolested. I must now take the best measures I can for my 
 security, and I comfort myself in having another year to wait 
 events and consider of it. 
 
 * See as to this attack the letters which passed between the Duke of Dorset 
 and the Duke of Grafton, printed at pp. 67, 68. 
 
119 
 
 " Lord Chatham is still at Bath and the business in Parliament 
 ill attended, and many points of course kept back, waiting for his 
 presence. The India Company is still in treaty with Adminis- 
 tration, and the report was strong that the bargain was 
 completed, but it proves not so, and I verily believe that the ideas 
 of Lord Chatham and Mr. Townshend upon that subject are so 
 different that they will hardly unite. If so, it will be impossible 
 to proceed to acts of hostility with the Company without removing 
 Townshend from his present office, and indeed what he has often 
 taken occasion to declare in Parliament proves that he looks 
 upon his situation as most precarious. It is the fashion in every 
 little debate we have to talk of the invisible and unresponsible 
 Minister who will dictate every measure and leave the defence 
 upon those whom he will not permit to have the least share 
 in the advising of it. These reproaches Mr. Conway cannot bear, 
 and both he and Mr. Townshend are loud in asserting their 
 independency and their resolution of acting from their own 
 opinions. Beckford is the only man who stands up in defence of 
 the Minister, and, I believe is the first in his confidence, but, 
 however, it is not a little humiliating that the Earl of Chatham 
 should be reduced to trust his cause to such an advocate. 
 
 "The Colonys are growing worse and worse. Some of the 
 provinces refuse obedience to the Act of Parliament about 
 quartering the troops, and decline furnishing the men in the 
 barracks with the beer, &c, which they would be entitled to were 
 they billetted upon public houses. This refusal, added to the ill 
 grace with which they have granted money for indemnifying the 
 sufferers by the late riots, and a petition just arrived from New 
 York praying relief from the chief points in the Act of Navigation, 
 has soured the minds of people here in general, and occasions a 
 good deal of distress among the ministers, who must perceive 
 how ill they are requited for that extraordinary lenity and 
 indulgence with which they treated the last year these undutiful 
 children. These affairs must come into Parliament, and will 
 afford matter of triumph to those who foretold the fatal 
 consequences of yielding to riot and ill-grounded clamour, and 
 may perhaps oblige Administration to exert a degree of rigour. 
 The Chancellor of the Exchequer [Townsend] is very explicit 
 upon these points and declared no longer ago than yesterday 
 that if we once lose the superintendency of the colonys this 
 nation is undone. 
 
 We had an interesting debate upon the voting the military 
 establishment for America, "Mr. Grenville proposing that the 
 colonys should bear the whole expense of those troops. You may 
 believe he did not expect to carry that question, but it drew some 
 declarations from the ministers in regard to the necessity of those 
 provinces contributing largely towards the establishment there, 
 as will be of use in future debates." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1767, Monday March 2. — "I dare say you will be surprized to 
 hear that the Administration could not prevail in having the Land 
 
120 
 
 Tax continued at four shillings in the pound for this year. The 
 Chancellor of the Exchequer proposed it, and the two late Chan- 
 cellors [Dowdeswell and Grenville] opposed it, and were joined 
 not only by all denominations in opposition, but by many knights 
 of shires who usually assist Government. The calculations were 
 that the Ministry would carry it by about fifty, but to everybody's 
 astonishment when the committee divided those for three shillings 
 were 206, and those for the four were only 188. Mr. Grenville out- 
 did himself upon that occasion, and his judgment and moderation 
 were equal to his knowledge in that particular branch of business. 
 
 "Lord Chatham is upon the road to town, but so ill that he 
 comes but ten or fifteen miles a day. He is to arrive, however, 
 to-morrow, and then we shall see the consequences of this strange 
 event. Some alterations must happen, and a more complete 
 jumble among all ministerial people you can never have seen. 
 . . . It is believed Lord Chatham has changed his ideas about 
 America, and means to act with vigour. The Chancellor held 
 very stout language upon that head the other day in the House 
 of Lords. Mr. Conway only waits for a military situation to get 
 out of the Administration, and Mr. Townshend does not seem 
 inclined to continue in office upon the terms he now holds it. 
 Lord Bute's brother, son, and all his friends in employment 
 voted with the Court, but Norton and Wedderburne were on the 
 contrary side. You have no idea how high Wedderburne stands 
 both in Parliament and in his profession. Mr. Bourke has made 
 himself very considerable. He is the most ingenious debater I 
 ever heard, and at least as strong in the reply as in the opening. 
 He absented himself upon the Land Tax, as his opinion was with 
 the Ministry, and he did not care to separate from his friends in 
 a point of that importance." 
 
 " Tuesday. — We had no debate yesterday, but some conversa- 
 tion upon the report from the Committee. The Chancellor of 
 the Exchequer lamented very pathetically the loss of the Supply, 
 but had too great a deference for the opinion of the Committee to 
 attempt reversing it in the House. The rest of the day passed in 
 repartee and altercation between Lord North and Rigby, his Lord- 
 ship having taken different ground from Townshend in the debate 
 and was not so clear in opinion that the tax should be reduced the 
 next year, and indeed I believe this difference among the leaders 
 in Government made the country gentlemen so unanimous in 
 their opposition, particularly as Conway agreed with Lord North. 
 
 "Lord Chatham arrived last night, so that we expect great 
 news in a few days. The India affairs come on next Fryday, and 
 there is a Cabinet this night at the President's to settle what is to 
 be done. I believe the ministers do not yet agree in that point." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1767, March 19. — Election affairs. "We are still in the same 
 situation with regard to politicks. Lord Chatham, it is said, has 
 full power and cordial support, but he makes no acquisitions in 
 
 * Afterwards Lord Loughborough and Earl of Eosslyn. 
 
121 
 
 Parliament, and the leaders of the Court interest in the House of 
 Commons seem to have little connection and no personal com- 
 munication with his Lordship. The business of the India 
 Company draws our chief attention. The Committee has been 
 frequently adjourned and is appointed to sit again to-morrow, but 
 as a proposal has been made by Mr. Sullivan to the General Court 
 of Proprietors in order to be submitted to Parliament, probably 
 another adjournment of the Committee may be moved. All I can 
 say is that as far as I understand those matters, what Sullivan 
 proposes (and which it is said the Ministers adopt) is less advan- 
 tageous to the public than what the Directors submitted to 
 Administration and was rejected by the majority of the Cabinet 
 as totally inadmissible, and I venture to prophesy that when 
 Sullivan's plan is considered in the House of Commons that it 
 will not be accepted. You will say these are strange times when 
 Administration cannot carry such important points. The message 
 for the allowance to the three Princes is to be sent this day, and 
 the money to be voted on Monday. Some people will oppose or 
 represent against it, but the Ministers have condescended to make 
 it as little exceptionable as possible by confining the grant to the 
 lives of their Royal Highnesses. The Duke of Cumberland in 
 the late King's time had his first provision of the 15,000Z. for him 
 and his heirs, and that precedent was to have been followed last 
 year, but I hear it is now altered for an annuity only of 8,000/. to 
 each of them. 
 
 " The accident poor Lord Tavistock has met with casts a great 
 damp upon many people, as he was universally beloved. You 
 will have heard that his skull was fractured by a fall in hunting. 
 He has had much of the bone taken out by two different opera- 
 tions, and though alive he is still in great danger. . . . Lord 
 Milton's son is to be marry'd to General Conway's daughter, and 
 everybody is pleased with it. The Duke of Buckleugh is under 
 the same engagement to Lady Betty Montagu, and we had a great 
 ball the other night at Mr. Townshend's* upon that occasion, and 
 the Princess of Brunswick insisted upon dancing with the Chan- 
 cellor of the Exchequer, and he called up the dance in the 
 Rehearsal where they all bow and curtesie to each other. In short 
 it all went off in great good humour and with great magnificence." 
 
 Lobd Geoege Sackville to Geneeal Iewin. 
 
 1767, April 7. Pall Mall.—" . . . Our political situation 
 is more and more perplexing. Lord Chatham is so ill with a slow 
 fever upon him that he is incapable of attending in any degree to 
 business. Report says that he is mad. Be that -as it may, 
 people generally look upon the present system as at an end, 
 and that some Administration must be established. The 
 different partys composing the Opposition are not likely to agree 
 any further than in the demolishing the present Minister, so 
 that whether we shall soon see any plan of credit or stability 
 established is beyond my understanding. The East India 
 
 * Second husband of the Duke's mother, Lady Dalkeith. 
 
122 
 
 Company's affairs is still under examination in the Committee of 
 the House of Commons. To-morrow the directors for the year are 
 to be chosen, and then we expect some proposal from the Court 
 of Proprietors. Beckford takes the lead in the inquiry, and he 
 began with a violence that will not be supported. Lively 
 imaginations formed the most pleasing prospects of inundations of 
 wealth from the territorial revenues in the East Indies, and that 
 the whole possessions belonged to the Crown, as they were 
 obtained by conquest. The Company on the other side claim a 
 right by their charters to all possessions ceded by treaty, and 
 declare they have no other but under that title. Beckford and 
 Lord Clare say that treatys made with people subdued by your 
 arms and in your power must be considered as conquest. By this 
 short description of the dispute you will immediately see an 
 amicable agreement between the public and the Company is the 
 only sensible method of accommodating it to mutual advantage. 
 
 . . . As to America, something must be done in support of 
 the authority of the Mother Country. Both at New York and 
 Boston the Act of Parliament about quartering of the troops is 
 disobeyed. The Ministers chuse not to exert the authority of 
 the executive power, but intend to bring it into Parliament. 
 What can be done in that shape I know not, but I conclude what- 
 ever is proposed will produce fresh matter for reproach and 
 altercation. The House of Lords has had some conversation 
 upon the subject, and the Chancellor held stout language, but he 
 was reminded of the encouragement he and his friends had given 
 to the present disposition of the Americans by the doctrines they 
 formerly held, and Lord Temple declared he thought those 
 opinions were criminal and treasonable. In short everybody 
 joined in abusing the former behaviour of his Lordship, and Lord 
 Talbot said that he was not surprised to find Lord Cambden's 
 language so much altered, as it was a known maxim that new 
 converts were always the most zealous. 
 
 " This attack of Lord Talbot's was the more surprising as Lord 
 Bute's friends have lately been very active in support of the 
 measures of Administration. We have had frequent reports of 
 Sir Fletcher Norton's having made his bargain, but hitherto it is 
 without foundation. Wedderburne gains ground daily both in 
 Parliament and in his profession, and takes a very firm part with 
 Mr. Grenville. I hope to see you in August, I shall be in town 
 that month as I am threatened at that time with a fourth 
 daughter." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1767, April 20. — " . . . We are now adjourned for the 
 holy days. The Tuesday before the adjournment, Sir William 
 Meredyth moved to put an end to the Committee upon the East 
 India affairs. I must say the motion was not very regular, as 
 the examination of evidences finished but the night before, and 
 Mr. Beckford desired only till the earliest day after the holydays 
 to propose the resolutions which he said would be grounded on 
 
123 
 
 that evidence. However, as Opposition must sometimes debate 
 upon whatever offers, we had the pleasure of sitting till two the 
 next morning, when they adjourned the Committee til] the 1st of 
 May by 213 against 157. However, India stock rises, for in the 
 course of the debate the Ministry thought proper to disclaim all 
 violence and hostility against the Company, and seem to decline 
 the question of right, a language very different from that which 
 Mr. Beckford first opened this affair with, and which was held by 
 the Ministers when they rejected the proposals of the Court 
 of Directors as inadmissible. I conclude this affair will end 
 amicably at last. Mr. Grenville declared he was against any 
 other than a temporary bargain, as he was persuaded neither the 
 Company nor the Parliament could be sufficiently informed of the 
 amount of the revenue or of the manner in which it could be 
 brought hither, to come to any final decision upon an affair so 
 interesting and so important. 
 
 "Mr. Townshend opened his budget on the Wednesday, the 
 day after this long debate, and gained universal applause, for he 
 contrived to make all his calculations understood, and made that 
 dry subject agreeable and entertaining to those the least con- 
 versant in business. He adopted most of Mr. Grenville's ideas, 
 and spoke as freely of Adminstration as if he had not been in 
 office. . . . The day after Mr. Townshend had finished the open- 
 ing the budget for the public he was called upon to open another 
 for his own benefit, the Dutchess of Argyl dying, by which Lady 
 Dalkeith gets between three and four thousand pounds a year. 
 The other sisters will have about thirteen thousand pounds, as 
 the money she leaves and the plate are to be divided equally 
 among her four daughters. 
 
 " Lord Chatham is in town, but he has been but once with the 
 King since his return from Bath, sees none of the Ministers but 
 the Duke of Grafton upon business, and that very seldom. Lord 
 Bristol is with him as often as he pleases, and is supposed to be 
 most in his confidence, and goes between the King and his Lord- 
 ship. This sort of Government cannot continue, though Lord 
 Bute's friends are most active in the support of it." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1767, June 11. Stoneland Lodge. — " . . . The session of 
 Parliament is drawing to a conclusion. The House of Lords is 
 the scene of action. The country gentlemen cannot be kept in 
 town all the summer, so the business in the House of Commons 
 remains at the mercy of the Court, and the indecent use Mr. 
 Conway has made of that situation is to bring in a rejected 
 demand of Prince Ferdinand's for about twelve thousand pounds. 
 However, the two last Treasurys showed the ill consequence of 
 complying with the demand in the shape he intended, as it would 
 open the door to many others, so that I conclude it will be given 
 to him more as a gratuity than as a debt. The last question in 
 the House of Lords the Court carry'd it by what is now called a 
 great majority, 73 to 61, but I do not find the Ministry are much 
 
124 
 
 elated with such victorys. The next contest is about the bill for 
 regulating the dividend of the East India Company. It passed 
 our House by a great majority, though the Secretary of State 
 and the Chancellor of the Exchequer were in the minority. The 
 Bill is a bad one and will do harm if it passes. The proprietors 
 did impertinently in voting themselves an increase of dividend 
 whilst the bargain was settling between them and the public, but 
 there was no illegality in it, as I conceive, and therefore the inter- 
 position of Parliament most improper, and as it only fixes the 
 dividend at 10 per cent, till the meeting of the next session of 
 Parliament, it by no means cures the stock jobbing. Now had it 
 been right for Parliament to have interfered, it should at least 
 have prevented any rise of dividend during the continuance of 
 the bargain with Government, and that the proprietors wished 
 might have been done had they been allowed the 12J- per 
 cent. ... I left the Ministry as unsettled as usual, Lord 
 Chatham not in a condition to attend to business, and by all 
 accounts no system formed for future operations. Lord Bute's 
 friends take the lead in the House of Commons, but he still 
 avoids receiving applications or appearing personally as the 
 Minister." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1767, Oct. 4. Stoneland Lodge. — "I was much disappointed 
 in not seeing you upon your arrival in London. ... I was 
 called from London upon the same sort of business in which you 
 are engaged. To-morrow is the county meeting at Maidstone, 
 where Mr. Sackville* will be proposed as one of the candidates. 
 We know not yet who is to be his opponent. Many wish to pre- 
 vent his having the honour of representing the county of Kent, 
 but at present the appearances of success are in his favour. I 
 hope your affairs in Kinross shire are in as good a situation as 
 you expected. ... I am deeply engaged at Hythe, and 
 hitherto I stand my ground amazingly well. I little thought I 
 could ever have had resisted the whole weight of Government 
 with any prospect of success, but at this instant I flatter myself 
 that I have the majority of the borough with me. . . ." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1767, October 24. Stoneland Lodge. — I flatter myself that 
 the King will shortly show you some mark of his favour. 
 " General Harvey is too prudent to give any but a private opinion, 
 but he knows more of the real intentions of his Majesty as to 
 military affairs than any one man about Court; and the only 
 right things which are recommended by Lord Granby are the 
 effects of General Harvey's influence over him ; but his influence 
 cannot prevent the promises which are exacted from his Lordship 
 in the midst of riot and dissipation." 
 
 * Lord George Sackville's nephew, afterwards 3rd Duke of Dorset. 
 
125 
 
 Unless you prefer the hurry of town to quiet and retirement I 
 hope you will come to us. "You cannot go to those who love 
 you better," and if Major Townshend would accompany )ou, I 
 should be greatly pleased to see him. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1767, October 29. Stoneland Lodge. — " ... I have had 
 a letter from Cuninghame since the opening of the Irish 
 Parliament. He says the Lord Lieutenant drank furiously upon 
 his arrival and still continued in that system. It looks as if he 
 was seeking the same death with his brother. It is understood 
 that he has neither connection with nor support from the present 
 ministers, and he may possibly pass his time the better for it as 
 far as he may be personally concerned, but I conclude his attach- 
 ment to Lord Bute is no secret, and some ignorant people of that 
 country may look upon his Lordship's protection to be almost as 
 good as that of a Secretary of State or of the First Lord of the 
 Treasury." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1767, Dec. 25. Pall Mall.—" ... The Ministers [are] all 
 out of town. Lord Chatham at Hayes, but avoided even passing 
 through London. He has seen nobody from hence as I can learn. 
 Lord Bristol told me last night that he had not been there. Lord 
 Shelburne went to Hayes thinking to have found Lord Chatham, 
 but he stopped that night at Mrs. Pitt's house near Wimbledon, 
 Mr. Needham, his nephew, hires it. Lord Shelburne waited above 
 an hour for him at Bromley, but his Lordship not coming, a letter 
 was left with the man at the inn to be delivered as Lord Chatham 
 passed. The Chancellor and both Secretarys being absent on 
 Wednesday causes some speculation, and I hear Lord Cambden 
 declares he had not seen the Duke of Grafton for a fortnight 
 previous to this change, and that he was not consulted. You see 
 by this there is some ill -humour subsisting, and the Ministry, 
 that is the Duke of Grafton, denies having any communication 
 with Hayes. I hope at least he has taken Lord Bute into his 
 confidence or his arrangement will not be very permanent. As 
 far as I can judge from outward appearances the Bute following 
 is pleased. Oswald consents to make room for Rigby and his son 
 is to be pensioned. As the Civil List is not above five quarters 
 in arrear it can well afford such accommodations. The Duke of 
 Grafton has been at Bedford House, and has likewise waited upon 
 Mr. Rigby and dined at Lord Gower's, with Lord Weymouth the 
 only company. ... If Lord Chatham is as w T ell as your 
 friends upon the road think him to be he will not long remain in 
 this state of inactivity. . . ." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1767, Dec. 29. Pall Mall.— " The Ministers all continue out 
 of town, and there is not the least news stirring. The great man 
 
 * George, Viscount Townshend, was appointed Lord Lieutenant Oct. 1767. 
 
126 
 
 at Hayes remains shut up, though the papers this morning say 
 that Alderman Beckford dined with him yesterday, but I do not 
 believe it, as Lord Bristol on Sunday night had heard nothing 
 from him, and Lady Chatham had promised to send him word 
 when there was any alteration for the better in her Lord's health. 
 I am told Lady Chatham frequently lamented with Dr. Addington 
 the disunion in her family and wished a reconciliation between 
 her husband and her brothers. Lord Bristol is for ever talking 
 upon the same subject, so that I shall not be surpriz'd to see the 
 plan attempted, provided the influence in the closet is not 
 entirely lost. I hear likewise that the Duke of Bedford avows 
 himself to have been the adviser of Mr. McKenzie's removal. 
 Mr. Grenville has hitherto very unjustly borne the blame of that 
 measure, for I can account in no other way for Mr. McKenzie's 
 inveteracy, and the pains he has taken to prevent any intercourse 
 between Lord Bute and Grenville. 
 
 "The Commissioners of the Revenue are safely arrived at 
 Boston. They landed on the 5th of November, and the populace 
 were then carrying in procession the Pope, the Devil, and the 
 Pretender, in order to commit them to the flames in honour of 
 Protestantism. Mr. Paxton's name being Charles, it was fixed in 
 large letters upon the breast of the Devil, and these figures met 
 the Commissioners at the water side and were carry'd before 
 them without any insult through the streets, and whenever they 
 stopped to salute an acquaintance, the figures halted and faced 
 about till the salutation was over, and so accompany'd them to 
 the Governor Hutchinson's door, where the Devil, &c, took their 
 leave with loud huzzas from the mob, and were immediately con- 
 ducted to the destined place of execution. . . . The Duke of 
 Newcastle was dangerously ill yesterday. I have heard nothing 
 of him to-day. His death would occasion distress in some of the 
 Sussex elections ; in all other lights it seems an event of very 
 little consequence." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1768, Jan 5. Pall Mall. — " ... As for news we have 
 none, the Ministers keeping themselves out of town. The Chan- 
 cellor even had not the decency, any more than the other great 
 officers, to appear at Court on New Year's Day, a circumstance the 
 foreigners were much surpriz'd at. Wedderburne says he will 
 be in town about the 10th. He was married the last day of 
 January, and I conclude is pleased with his performance, for he 
 writes in great good humour the day after. 
 
 " I had the pleasure of a long conversation with Lord Mansfield 
 on Saturday last, and I find he disliked the proceedings of our 
 friend on the first day of the session to the full as much as we 
 did ; his subsequent behaviour he approves as temperate and 
 wise. The Duke of Grafton certainly carry'd on the late treaty 
 without any communication with the other parts of Adminis- 
 tration, and means to make the Bedfords his chief support, so 
 that I do not see how Lord Shelburne, &c, can remain with the 
 
127 
 
 smallest degree of credit in office. Lord Chatham still continues 
 to hide himself, and most people agree in saying he can never 
 appear in business. Time only can determine that point. His 
 children are in town, there being no room for them at Hayes, so 
 the house in Bond Street being inhabited occasions daily false 
 reports of his arrival in London. All quiet in Ireland, and no 
 fresh story s of the Lord Lieutenant's intemperance or wit. The 
 augmentation will take place there if they have any proper 
 assurances given them of having always twelve thousand men in 
 Ireland." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1768, June 14. Pall Mall. — The Duchess died on Sunday 
 morning, happily without pain. The Duke of Dorset is now 
 dangerously ill. I left Lady George at Stoneland much recovered, 
 but my boy was very ill with his teeth, so that I am in no little 
 hurry to go back. "Mr. Wilkes's outlawry is reversed, and they 
 are now arguing in Westminster Hall for an arrest of judgment, 
 but that cannot end in his favour, upon which it is supposed he 
 will appeal, and then probably he may be admitted to bail. This 
 is only my conjecture, for indeed I have not had an opportunity 
 of conversing upon any subject of that sort. It is understood 
 that Rigby is to be sole paymaster, and the report says that the 
 Bedfords are now to be most strenuous in support of the present 
 system. . . ." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1768, July 5. — The Duke of Dorset is still ill, and is surrounded 
 by a set of bad people who are making him sign papers " little to 
 his credit and less to his advantage." I am preventing the 
 mischief as far as possible. 
 
 "It is very plain the Duke of Grafton means to continue at 
 the head of the Treasury. T. Townshend's refusing the Yice- 
 Treasurership of Ireland surprizes me. ... I am glad you 
 have found [your] friend M. de Crillon. He may be of some use 
 [to you] at Paris, as he will certainly puff you off as [the] 
 greatest general of the age." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1768, August 10. Stoneland Lodge. — " . . . The American 
 affairs are distressing, but the Ministers profess acting with 
 firmness and vigour, and two regiments are ordered from Ireland 
 to Boston, and I hear Murray's replaces them. If the first 
 declarations of the Ministry do not check the turbulent spirit of 
 the Americans I shall dread the consequences, for nothing is so 
 likely to produce confusion as vigour unably exerted. . . . 
 I hear of nothing like ministerial alterations any farther than 
 that the general opinion is that Lord Shelburne is to be removed. 
 His Lordship on the other hand shews no such apprehension, and 
 amuses his friends with the expectation of seeing Lord Chatham 
 taking an active part in administration next winter." 
 
128 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1768, August 28. Stoneland Lodge.—" ... The Parlia- 
 ment will not meet till towards the middle of November. Sir 
 Jeffrey Amherst's resignation will surprize you as it did me. 
 They certainly appointed a new Governor of Virginia sooner than 
 he expected, but they offered him an equivalent in an annuity. 
 His demands went to the peerage, &c. &c, which were not 
 comply'd with, and then he gave up his regiments. I have not 
 seen him since, nor did I hear from him till it was all over, but 
 the Ministers say he was advised to act in this offensive manner 
 by Lord Albemarle and me. It is not worth while to contradict 
 the report. 
 
 "The King of Denmark supplies us all with conversation, you 
 may believe. I have not seen him. The people are very fond of 
 him and most impertinently curious, so that he has little comfort 
 in seeing sights, since he is always made one himself. His 
 favorite has proposed marrying Lady Bel. Stanhope, and the 
 King offers to settle 15,000L upon younger children. She demurs 
 as yet." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1768, Sept. 22. Stoneland Lodge. — " . . . The accounts 
 from America are more and more unfavourable. What measures 
 the Administration are taking I cannot learn. They talk of 
 vigour, and two regiments are embarked for Boston, and ships 
 will not be wanting, but the good or bad effect of such prepara- 
 tions must depend entirely upon the instructions sent to the 
 Governours for the applying this military force, and that is a point 
 of such delicacy in our constitution that I doubt much of its being 
 properly executed. 
 
 " We are all tired with the disputes about Sir Jeffrey Amherst, 
 but the news writers are happy in having him and the King of 
 Denmark for the constant topics of their papers. His Majesty is 
 very gracious, and is become popular, and ought to be pleased 
 with his reception. There is some entertainment preparing for 
 him either at Richmond or the Queen's House. The newspapers 
 have often exhorted the King to do something extraordinary for 
 his royal guest. The tables that are kept at St. James's for 
 him are, by all accounts, proper and magnificent, but I suppose 
 John will not be satisfy 'd till the two Kings drink a bottle 
 together. 
 
 "Lady George [Sackville] says nobody understands lace so well 
 as General Irwine, and she insists upon it that I should write to 
 you to bring me over some lace ruffles, which order I obey, and if 
 you will be so good as to lay out fifty pounds upon the ornament- 
 ing my shirts I should be greatly obliged to you."' 
 
 * If this is the Lady Isabella, daughter of the Earl of Harrington, she married 
 Charles, Viscount Molyneux (afterwards Earl of Sefton), in the November of this 
 year. 
 
129 
 
 Lord George Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1769, July 25. Shobdon Court. — "I rejoice to hear of your 
 safe return. ... I had no doubt of Lord Chatham's being 
 received by the King with all possible graciousness, and that if 
 words will satisfy him I dare say he is fully contented, and I am 
 persuaded whenever his Majesty thinks proper to change his 
 ministry that Lord Chatham will have the apparent credit of it. 
 3 see in the papers that Lord Bute is arrived, if that be true we 
 shall be soon be able to judge of the stability of the Duke of 
 Grafton's Administration. ... If Lord Townshend thinks 
 of carrying any point in the House of Commons without making 
 up with some of the heads of parties he will find himself mis- 
 taken, unless he has authority to indulge the patriots by some 
 constitutional concessions." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 17G9, August 24. Stoneland Lodge. — " I am glad to hear of 
 your being at last arrived in London. Your march from Ireland 
 has been so slow that I began to despair of ever seeing you again. 
 I hope now in a few days to have that pleasure, and though I 
 cannot be so active and so lively as Lord Chatham, yet I will do 
 my best to entertain you. Jemmy Cuninghame is here and waits 
 with impatience to see the man that has played at ' skettles ' with 
 the late great commoner. 
 
 " All that you will hear of politicks will consist of the Duke of 
 Grafton's firmness and resolution to maintain his ground in 
 Administration, and you may believe if you please that he is the 
 real favorite and that Lord Bute has no longer any influence at 
 Court. I am told that London was never so deserted . . . 
 many of the foreigners are at Tunbridge Wells in search of 
 society." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 • 
 
 1769, Oct. 14. — "I have deferred writing to you in hopes of 
 hearing from Wedderburn some particulars of the York meeting 
 which were not in the public papers, but as I am disappointed in 
 that, I shall no longer delay thanking you for your long and 
 entertaining letter from Paris. The Ministry, I am told, pretend 
 to make light of the York petition, and give out that the appear- 
 ance was neither numerous or respectable. However, those 
 nearer connected with them own that what passed upon that 
 occasion must have bad effects and is by no means an event to be 
 treated lightly. Wedderburn I conclude spoke admirably well, 
 as the ministerial writers treat him so roughly. When a man 
 becomes an object of resentment, we may be assured of his being 
 of some consequence. The city is outdoing its usual outdoings, 
 and Beckford, with all the coyness of a young girl, consents after 
 repeated refusals to take upon himself the office of Lord Mayor. 
 Lord Holland's ingenious performances in the newspapers have 
 
 21250 
 
 I 
 
130 
 
 drawn upon him every malevolent attack in the power of the 
 Livery of London. Possibly he may wish for a Parliamentary 
 enquiry, thinking his interest better in Palace Yard than in 
 Guildhall, but I should be sorry to risk myself by submitting my 
 conduct to the determination of such a company, whose favourable 
 or unfavourable sentiments depend upon the judgment of others, 
 and who those leaders may be a few months hence Lord Holland 
 may guess but he cannot know. He has gone however to Nice, 
 as he before intended, and indeed I think he acts properly in 
 shewing no alarm at these proceedings. 
 
 " The Parliament does not meet till the 13th of January, so that 
 I suppose the Ministers will keep a merry Christmas, and then 
 begin to think of the operations of the session. As to Court 
 intrigue, I cannot suppose they are under any apprehensions, for 
 where could his Majesty find a set of men more observant of his 
 orders or of less consequence as individuals, if he should think 
 proper to change hands upon any real distress. . . . Lord 
 Chatham continues well, and the Chancellor has been with him at 
 Chevening, but I do not hear of his having repeated his visit at 
 St. James's. 
 
 "The Parliament of Ireland opens next Tuesday. Lord 
 Townshend in his southern progress dined with Lord Shannon, 
 &c, but they parted at least as bad friends as they met, so what 
 use his Excellency will make of the full powers he is vested with 
 I know not, but he writes sanguinely about his succeeding in the 
 question of the Augmentation. It is reported that Tisdale 
 means to support him fairly and avowedly. If that is true his 
 affairs will be well conducted." 
 
 Lord George Germain to General Irwin. 
 
 1770, June 30. Drayton. — " I propose staying here till the 
 first week in August, and I hope to see you when it is most con- 
 venient. By what you say of Mr. Grenville I should think it 
 would be more agreeable to you to be in Dorsetshire at the same 
 time with him, and if you are here the middle of July I shall be 
 satisfy'd, as I shall have time enough to shew you this new 
 acquisition. I should be sorry the summer was to pass without 
 making you acquainted with Drayton. 
 
 " I have not seen the letters of the Duke of Cumberland and 
 Lady Grosvenor, and I should be obliged to you for them, as I am 
 curious to see the Koyal manner of making love. 
 
 "I agree with Wedderburn in thinking that the examinations 
 at the Cockpit may be rediculous, but I think they will end in 
 something more decisive than a spirited letter. The Ministers 
 will either yield to the demands of the Provinces or single out 
 Boston for an example to the rest, and act perhaps towards them 
 with too much severity. Lord Hillsborough will not chuse to be 
 
 * See p. 246, 
 
131 
 
 the author of more letters to the colonys, to hear them commented 
 upon by Wedderburn and such troublesome critics. I never 
 mind the alarms of the City or the fluctuations of stocks. It is 
 always the interest of some of the monied men to raise reports 
 which may affect the public credit, and whilst there is no confidence 
 in Administration, whatever is possible is immeditaely received as 
 probable. When the French are in a condition to undertake a 
 war, hostilities will soon commence, but as it is neither our 
 interest or theirs I still hope the peace will be preserved." 
 
 Lord George Germain to General Irwin. 
 
 1770, Oct. 2. Stoneland Lodge. — "If Spain gives us satisfac- 
 tion about Falkland Island we must be mad indeed if we bully 
 them into a war. Lord Egmont has much to answer for if he 
 rashly engaged this country in such a dispute. The Ministers 
 will certainly gain a degree of popularity by preparing for action, 
 as John loves fighting and humbling the Mounseers. The 
 difficulty with us is making peace. Every fool can pick a quarrel 
 but I do not remember any Minister wise enough to end a war 
 without forfeiting his own credit with the bulk of the people. I 
 never wished more for Mr. Grenville to be in office than at this 
 moment. His knowledge and his firmness might get us honour- 
 ably out of this scrape. I long for the return of the messenger 
 from Madrid. I suppose he may be expected in a few days. 
 Lord Kobert Bertie's hurry in acquainting the King of the arrival 
 of the dollars proves that his Lordship thinks war is not wished 
 for in the closet. . . ." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1770, Oct. 6. — " ... I fear a war is but too probable. I 
 never doubted of the French Court's pacifick disposition, nor of 
 their taking part in the war if Spain broke with us. Surely it 
 must be the most absurd management to make any other demands 
 than what relates to the restitution of Falkland's Island, and it 
 can be construed in no other light than as a resolution of ours 
 to quarrel with them. The newspapers will urge our Ministers 
 to adopt vigorous measures, and the huzzas at the Play House 
 will incline the King to approve them. 
 
 "Iam sorry Mr. Grenville has such frequent attacks of illness. 
 The air of the House of Commons I hope will restore him to 
 perfect health. His attendance there will indeed become 
 necessary." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1770, Oct. 23. Stoneland Lodge. — "I am sincerely concerned 
 at the bad account you send me of Mr. Grenville's health. His 
 natural or political death w T ould be the greatest misfortune to his 
 friends and a real loss to this country. I flatter myself that his 
 
182 
 
 best friends from their regard for him look upon his situation in 
 the most alarming light. If any accident should happen to him 
 it will require very serious consideration what part we are then 
 to take. It would be the greatest mortification to me to act upon 
 different ground from Wedderburne. If that was to happen, I 
 should think as little as I could of public business, and I cannot 
 say that my inclination at present leads me much to enter into 
 the bustle and trouble of it. You are younger, and your ambition 
 has not yet been gratify'd. You have, however, one great comfort 
 that you have not to my knowledge an enemy among those who 
 either is or is likely to be a minister, so that which ever way we 
 turn all doors will be open to you. . . . Conway is in luck if 
 he wishes to be the responsible head of his profession. As long 
 as Lord Granby lived he had an excuse for indecision ; now he 
 must resolve, and however great his ambition is it may be 
 gratify 'd. The death of Lord Granby will, as you say, be of 
 service to the Ministry in point of votes, but of greater service to 
 the army. If real business is to be done what good could have 
 happened under such a director. 
 
 " I have no doubt of our Ministry engaging us in a war, if 
 France does not give an absolute negative to it. They are too 
 weak to dare to act upon any other judgment than that of the 
 mob, and this nation will be involved in all the miserys and dis- 
 tresses of war in hopes of their gaining a little momentary 
 popularity." 
 
 Lord George Germain to General Irwin. 
 
 1770, Oct. 25. — " Brand's success will depend upon Lord 
 Hardwicke's adopting him. The Duke of Bedford is already 
 represented in Sir John Cotton, and the county may be jealous 
 of taking the other member from the same patron. You knew 
 nothing of Mr. Grenville's being in London when you wrote. 
 Lord Vere has sent me a melancholy account of his state of 
 health and of his being attended by two physicians. I trust in 
 God that he may recover, but I fear we can expect little Parlia- 
 mentary attendance from him this session. I see no sort of use 
 in my being in town sooner than the 8th. If poor Mr. Grenville 
 dies, what is to be the object of opposition? I hope not to make 
 Lord Chatham minister. If it is, you cannot suppose I shall be 
 very sanguine in such a cause." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1770, Oct. 80. Stoneland Lodge. — " I am so anxious about 
 poor Mr. Grenville that I regret now for the first time that the 
 post arrives but three times in the week. Your last letter 
 promised better accounts ; I sincerely wish they may answer my 
 expectations. The more I think of the bad consequences of his 
 
 * George Grenville died in November 1770. 
 
133 
 
 death, the more alarming they appear to me. His presence in 
 Parliament was such a check upon Ministers that I shall expect 
 when he is no longer among us that all decency will be lost, and 
 Dyson will be permitted to establish all the precedents he pleases 
 for the subverting of the Constitution, unless he should reflect 
 upon the last dressing Wedderburne gave him. . . ." 
 
 Lord George Germain to General Irwin. 
 
 1771, Oct. 30. Drayton.—" ... As to politicks I think 
 little about them. I see no prospect of any good arising from 
 opposition, but when the time comes I will endeavour to make the 
 best I can of them, and show that I am not apt to change my 
 sentiments about men or measures." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1774, June 21. Stoneland Lodge. — "I like your news from 
 America, and I begin to flatter myself that the Ministers will not 
 have their steadiness and perseverance put to the trial. The 
 French King will have enough to do at home for his amusement, 
 and if he will not make war with us till he has established economy 
 in the different branches of Government, and has taught morality 
 to the bishops and the people, I shall hope for peace in my time. 
 Lord Clive dined here this day. He returns to London on Thurs- 
 day. He was conversable and seems in good health, though the 
 Tunbridge waters can have contributed but little towards it, for 
 he drinks but two glasses in the day." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1774, July 2. Stoneland Lodge.—" ... I like the 
 American news which I see in the papers. Virginia's refusing to 
 join with the Bostonians in the agreement for not importing goods 
 from England is decisive, and there is nothing left for the mob 
 of Boston but to decide between ruin and submission. . . . 
 I wish you would find out whether Fraser returns to Algiers. 
 Mr. Sackville is pining at Paris, and prays devoutly for being 
 released from his present bondage. He has no assistance, his 
 health bad, and his Master loads him without mercy. M. de 
 Choiseul's sudden departure looks as if he had no chance of 
 being immediately employed. . . . The Chancellor was once 
 his chief flatterer, but I suppose he would not wish to see him 
 again Minister." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1774, Oct. 17. Drayton. — "It would have given me great 
 pleasure could I have served for Hythe with Wedderburne, and 
 I could not have withstood the accepting of Lord North's 
 
 * Lord George Germain was now M.P. for East Grinstead, a family borough for 
 which he had served since 1768. 
 
134 
 
 assistance had he thought proper to offer it to me in a fair and 
 open manner. It would have called at least for personal atten- 
 tions from me to his Lordship. As it is, I must comfort myself 
 with knowing that I begin this Parliament absolutely at liberty 
 to take that part which shall appear to me the most adviseable. 
 Surely the deaths of Dyson and Eobinson will be a distress to 
 Administration. Dyson's abilitys will be a real loss, and there 
 will be an awkwardness at this particular time to find a successor 
 to Robinson who can settle and comply with all his election 
 engagements. Mr. Bradshaw is the most capable of balancing 
 such an account. . . . The Westminster poll surprizes me. 
 I thought Lord Mountmorris would have found a better support, 
 but I flatter myself that he has lost numbers by signing the 
 covenant and by devoting himself so meanly to Wilkes. I hope 
 your arm has recovered its strength, and that you will be in 
 health and spirits to enjoy the first opening of this new 
 Parliament. It is reported here that Bob, the waiter, and Mr. 
 Strahan, the printer, are to move and second the Address to the 
 King." 
 
 Lord George Germain to General Irwin. 
 
 1775, May 30. Pall Mall, — " I am very happy in hearing that 
 you are so well satisfy'd with your reception in Ireland. I never 
 doubted of Lord Harcourt's desire of living upon the best terms 
 with you. I saw Blaquiere for a moment yesterday. I told him 
 how pleased you were with the Lord Lieutenant's behaviour, and 
 he assured me he could say the same for his Excellency. I shall 
 see him to-morrow and then I shall know more particulars. 
 
 " The news from America occasioned a great stir among us 
 yesterday. By the first report I was afraid the troops had 
 misbehaved, but upon reading the account from Salem I was 
 satisfy'd that the party, after having done what they were ordered 
 at Concord, marched back towards Boston, and possibly may have 
 lost some few men. However, the Bostonians are in the right to 
 make the King's troops the aggressors and to claim a victory. 
 Gage's account is not yet arrived. He sent his letters by a 
 merchant ship laden with goods. The Bostonians sent their story 
 by a ship in ballast, the master of which brought no letters what- 
 ever, but appeared in London yesterday morning with the account 
 you will see printed, and a London Evening Post extraordinary 
 was published last night to spread the alarm. It is strange to 
 see the many joyful faces upon this event, thinking, I conclude, 
 that rebellion will be the means of changing the Ministry. In 
 my poor opinion, this blow, if followed up, will soon bring that 
 province into order, as I must suppose the officer who commanded 
 the party did not, without necessity, attack those armed men who 
 presented themselves to him. It is said that a pistol accidentally 
 fired occasioned all the mischief. I am impatient for the true 
 and the full account. Lord Piercy encamped that night some 
 little way from Boston, so that he was not afraid of his pursuers, 
 as they term themselves. I have seen no Ministers, but I have 
 
135 
 
 seen Governour Hutchinson, and he agrees with me in opinion, 
 and says the hurry they were in of sending a ship express from 
 Salem convinces him that the story is misrepresented for purposes 
 of the faction there. . . ." 
 
 Loed George Germain to General Irwin. 
 
 1775, June 13. Stoneland Lodge. — " . . . You will have 
 seen the particulars of the affair in America. I have only heard 
 of it in general ; the authentick account will arrive here some 
 hours after this letter is sent away. The loss is heavier than I 
 expected, but as the troops behaved well we have only to lament 
 the death of the individuals who have suffered. Col. Cuninghame 
 says great betts are laid that the Ministry will be changed in two 
 months. I cannot see the least foundation for such an 
 apprehension. I should not, indeed, be surprized if Lord 
 Dartmouth took fright and declined giving the necessary orders 
 for decisive and vigorous measures. Su,ch an event would not be 
 the change of Ministry which Opposition means. How much 
 more mischief must be done before we are to avail ourselves of 
 local force ? The arming of the loyal part of the province and 
 the marching a body of Canadians to the frontiers of New 
 England might have a better effect than slow and repeated 
 re-inforcements from hence, and though the losing of time may 
 be fatal, I still think we shall not dare to take bold and decisive 
 measures till we are drawn into them by degrees, and when per- 
 haps it may be too late. . . ." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1775, June 29. Stoneland Lodge. — "The news from America 
 is as bad as possible, that is, it is come to that crisis which makes 
 it necessary for Adminstration to adopt real offensive measures or 
 to resign their offices and leave the conciliatory plan of meanness 
 and submission to those who wish to be their successors upon 
 such terms. I had one long letter from Lord Suffolk. I wrote 
 him my opinion in return, and above all things recommended 
 New Yorke as the principal object of their attention, in which (by 
 what you say of that loss) I am persuaded we agree exactly in 
 sentiment upon it. What measures are adopted I know not, but 
 probably, as they love delay, they may wait for the resolves of the 
 Congress. What I see in the papers of the advice of the Congress 
 to the Committee at New Yorke about admitting the troops and not 
 sending away the King's stores is the only symptom of 
 moderation I have met with, and looks as if the principal people 
 were not yet ready to go into open and avowed rebellion, though 
 they may give all possible encouragement to those who are 
 actually in arms, and block up Boston and seize Ticanderoga, &c. 
 
 * The letter will be found amongst the papers relating to America, in the second volume. 
 
136 
 
 I am happy, however, that our Generals are arrived, and I shall 
 wait with impatience till I hear what effect their presence will 
 have among the troops, and whether they will be able to take the 
 field, after driving away those fellows who presume to confine 
 such an army within the town of Boston. . . ." 
 
 Lord George Germain to General Irwin. 
 
 1775, July 26. Stoneland Lodge. — "I am happy in hearing so 
 good an account of your situation. You seem pleased, and you 
 have the satisfaction of knowing that everybody is pleased with 
 you, at least I am told so from all quarters. If Dilkes dies, the 
 Hospital is indeed an object. I had no notion of its value. If 
 there is a chance of encreasing the pay of Commander-in-Chief 
 that would be better than keeping Londonderry ; but till that is 
 done I shall not quarrel with his Majesty if he permits you to 
 hold both Governments. I hear Jenkinson takes the Pells to 
 accommodate Flood.* Had I been Vice- Treasurer I should have 
 been happy in the exchange. 
 
 " We have a report which comes from your side the water of an 
 action at Boston. It is said to be written by a lieutenant of the 
 45th to his mother at Waterford. The dates make it probable. 
 It is said to have happened the 16th of June. Gage proclaimed 
 martial law the 12th, and was preparing for attacking the can- 
 toonments of the rebels. If they knew his intentions they were 
 right in attempting to surprize him, for undisciplined troops never 
 act well upon the defensive. If the account is true, it is a most 
 decisive blow against the Bostonians. I am told the Southern 
 Colonies begin already to feel severely the bad effects of their 
 trade being stopped, and Lord Suffolk writes me w 7 ord that they 
 cannot long hold out. The Congress, too, I hear are not 
 unanimous, and the Deputies from the Massachusets Bay are 
 disappointed and disgusted. They say that even Dr. Franklin 
 has lost his authority among the most violent from his excess of 
 moderation. One decisive blow at land is absolutely necessary. 
 After that, the whole will depend upon the diligence and activity 
 of the officers of the Navy. You will see in a moment that 
 Burgoyne composed Gage's proclamation. It is very like the last 
 speech w 7 e heard him make. . . . The demand for English 
 manufactures still increases, so that the Opposition can raise no 
 clamour on account of the decay of trade." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1775, Sept. 13. Drayton. — "I conclude, before this reaches 
 you, that the Secretary [Sir J. Blaquiere] w T ill have found it right 
 to consult his reason, and make his apologies to you for the 
 trouble he has given you. ... I have this moment had a 
 letter from Eden. They have no later accounts from America 
 
 * Henry Flood,, a joint Vice -Treasurer of Ireland in 1776. 
 
137 
 
 than those of the 30th of July, notwithstanding the newspapers 
 are rilled with letters of the 10th and 11th of August with 
 pompous accounts of battles, &c. I find from Cunninghame that 
 the Koman Catholicks do not enlist for America with the zeal that 
 was expected. If that humour continues, you will do well to 
 explain that circumstance fully to the directors of the Military 
 Department here, that they may adopt some surer method of 
 compleating the troops in America before it be too late, for they 
 will listen to no project of new corps as long as they flatter 
 theriiselves with being able to recruit the regiments from Irish 
 Eoman Catholicks, &c. The Ministry are busy in looking for 
 foreign troops, and I hope the prospect of success is highly 
 probable, but I should be sorry to see the British forces less than 
 were promised. As there is not common sense in protracting a 
 war of this sort, I should be for exerting the utmost force of this 
 kingdom to finish this rebellion in one campaign. The language 
 of the French and Spanish Ministers is at present most favourable, 
 as they seem to think Europe is interested in preventing the 
 independancy of the colonies in America." 
 
 Lord George Germain to General Irwin. 
 
 1775, Oct. 27. Pall Mall— " I went to the House yesterday, 
 and sat there till past four this morning in the most crowded and 
 hot assembly I ever remember to have been in. I am as little 
 the worse for it as I could expect, and am able to write you some 
 little account of our proceedings. The Speech you will see, 
 somewhat shorter, and in some places less pointed than the draft 
 you have heard of. The Address was moved by your friend 
 Captain Ackland and seconded by Governor Lyttleton. The 
 first spoke with great spirit and propriety, the second like a man 
 of business and experience. Lord John Cavendish moved an 
 amendment which carry'd censure upon Adminstration for their 
 past conduct, and what he called conciliatory measures. The 
 debate then was general, peevish and abusive, the Lord Mayor 
 petulant and scurrilous, which occasioned a loud laugh instead of 
 any indignation in the House. Conway spoke better than ever I 
 heard him, with great warmth and much applause from 
 Opposition. I spoke after him, Barre after me, very long, good 
 acting, not much argument, and said more about himself and his 
 situation than was prudent. He drew a ridiculous picture of Lord 
 North, &c, as having no will of his own, and adopting everything 
 I had proposed, so much that he expected he would have resigned 
 his post into mine as into abler hands. Wedderburne spoke then 
 and very ably ; then Burke, passionate, long, and not so enter- 
 taining as usual ; then Charles Fox, though on the same side, very 
 abusive but able, and full of those quick turns which he inherited 
 from his father. Lord North then spoke, well, but not one of his 
 best days, as it was all serious. After him Dunning, then the 
 Attorney-General,* who was ill, but spoke short and I thought 
 
 * Thurlow 
 
138 
 
 remarkably well, and then T. Townshend after the Attorney, 
 not advantageous to him. I think I have mentioned all that is 
 material. . . . Upon the division at four in the morning we 
 were 279 to 108. I should tell you that the Duke of Grafton's 
 friends voted in the minority in our House as his Grace did in the 
 House of Lords with the Bishop of Peterborough, Lords Jersey 
 and Coventry. Hopkins, who belongs to the Duke of Grafton, 
 gave the signal in our House by declaring against the Address. 
 What the consequence will be I know not. I suppose his Grace 
 will not resign, and whether the Ministers will turn him out I do 
 not pretend to guess." 
 
 Lord George Germain to General Irwin. 
 
 1775, Nov. 4. Pall Mall.— " This letter will I suppose find you 
 just ready to set out for England. When you arrive I fear you 
 will find me in Lord Dartmouth's office of Secretary of State for 
 America. I have try'd and cannot avoid it. Pity me, encourage 
 me, and I will do my best." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1775, Nov. 18. Pall Mall. — " I am so worked at present that I 
 can hardly find time to write a line to you. I am much 
 disappointed at not seeing you. I was in hopes Cuninghame 
 would have embarked the troops for you. The expedition goes 
 on, and I heartily wish the regiments were now embarked, for we 
 want some little success to turn the scale in our favour. Our 
 latest accounts from America give me better hopes than I have 
 yet had of ending this dispute with honour to this country. The 
 rebels certainly disagree, and if their invasion of Canada proves 
 disgraceful to them, as I have strong reason to believe it will, you 
 may depend upon it that it will be the source of disunion and 
 much ill-humour among the delegates at the Congress, as the 
 invasion of Canada was long disputed and at last carried 
 by a small majority. We had a tedious sitting upon Burke's 
 motion. He did not speak so well as usual, but outdid Lord 
 Chatham's speech upon the peace, for he spoke above three hours 
 and a half. We divided 210 against 105. I felt awkward sitting 
 upon the Treasury Bench between Lord North and Wedderburne. 
 I did not say a word till 12 o'clock, a late hour for me. I came 
 that morning from E. Grinstead, was presented to the Queen at 
 the Drawing Koom, took my seat, and sat near fourteen hours 
 in the House, and did not suffer by the fatigue. I met with no 
 abuse, and all passed as I could wish. . . ." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1777, Aug. 23. Kew Lane. — "I ordered a Gazette to be sent 
 to you. Burgoyne is fortunate and deserves it. His account of 
 
 * He was at this time Lord Privy Seal. 
 
139 
 
 his success is not exaggerated, and we have reason to hope his 
 progress will be rapid. Our letters say that Fort Edward was in 
 his hands. General Vaughan sends this news. I confess I 
 feared that Washington would have marched all his force towards 
 Albany, and attempted to demolish the army from Canada, but 
 the last accounts say that he had taken up his quarters at Morris- 
 town after detaching three thousand men to Albany. If that is 
 all he does he will not distress Burgoyne. Sir William Howe is 
 gone up the Delawar, leaving a strong force with Clinton at 
 New York. I was anxious to be informed whether Sir William 
 Howe knew authentically the state of Burgoyne' s army before he 
 sailed. I find he had letters from him two days before he left 
 New York, so that whatever operations he pursues, he will act 
 upon the fullest information, and I have no doubt but he will take 
 those measures which are most for the publick benefit. We have 
 reports, and I think with some foundation, that the Quakers and 
 their party have seized Philadelphia on the 20fch of July, and 
 that there were considerable risings in the Province in favour of 
 Government. . . . 
 " Lord Suffolk looks young and gay, like a new married man." 
 
 Lord George Germain to General Irwin. 
 
 1778, Feb. 3. Pall Mall.— " I wish you would enquire whether 
 Carleton has really got the government [of Quebec] , that I may 
 take some steps upon it. Not that I should think that measure 
 decisive as to my situation if other things were not combined with 
 it, but when I consider that this whole measure of conciliation, the 
 choice of commissioners, &c, has been carried on not only 
 without consulting with me but without the smallest degree of 
 communication, and when I reflect upon the Chancellor's conduct 
 towards me, which must have arisen from finding that he might 
 without offence vent his ill-humour upon me, and in short, from 
 various little circumstances, I cannot doubt but that my services 
 are no longer acceptable. I wish to take my ground as well as I 
 can, and to show that I cannot submit to neglect and ill-usage, at 
 the same time that I would avoid distressing those with whom I 
 have acted ; though perhaps I might be justified if I looked only 
 to my own situation." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1779, Jan. 23. Pall Mall. — " We are waiting with anxiety for 
 news from the West Indies. D'Estaign's squadron is now most 
 probably gone thither, as we hear nothing of its arrival in Europe. 
 It is believed he suffered in a storm, and that some of his ships 
 were dismasted. Should that fact prove true to any extent, he 
 will not be able to do much mischief in the Leeward Islands. If 
 he goes in full force I shall tremble for Hotham and Grant, as 
 Barrington, when joined with them, will be far inferior to the 
 French fleet, as Admiral Byron most unaccountably remained at 
 
140 
 
 Rhode Island, at least was there on the 22nd of November, 
 though his orders were to follow out D'Estaign wherever lie 
 should go. . . . 
 
 " Nothing talked of here but Keppel's court-martial, to which I 
 see no end." 
 
 Lord George Germain to General Irwin. 
 
 1779, Feb. 2. Pall Mall.—" . . . What you hear of con- 
 fusion in America among the leaders of rebellion is true. What 
 consequence it will have God knows, for we seem to take no 
 advantage of things which ought to operate in our favour. 
 
 " Lord Suffolk continues ill. He cannot be spared at this 
 time, and yet I fear his health will prevent his ever taking that 
 active part in government which he is so well qualified to do." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1779, Oct. 27. Pall Mall.—" ... I was too much fatigued 
 with yesterday's attendance to venture upon another long day. 
 The House was thin and a kind of languid debate was begun at 
 four o'clock, and now it is near eight, and I hear they are still 
 sitting. There is an ill-humour arising about the Hanoverian 
 troops having been sent to our garrisons without the previous 
 communication of the measure with Parliament, and the ill 
 success and bad conduct of the war last summer give people a 
 right of saying that the Ministry have been deceived with regard 
 to the situation of America, or that they have designedly imposed 
 upon the public, and some members seem shy of trusting them 
 for the future, and engaging so deeply in a civil war without a 
 better prospect of success. Any favourable event will restore con- 
 fidence, and I have heard a report this day [which] , if true, will 
 be of service. It is said the provincials under Schyler have given 
 over their attempt upon Canada ; I had heard before that the 
 Canadians had been alarmed by a demand from Schyler of so 
 many men from each parish with w 7 aggons, horses, &c, and that 
 many of the people had taken refuge with Carleton, and encreased 
 his numbers. . . . 
 
 " I hope you will not be detained in Ireland . . . though I 
 fear if more regiments are to be embarked, your attendance may 
 be thought necessary unless you can get the assistance of 
 Cuninghame or some such public spirited general, who will act 
 as if upon the Staff without any pay or consideration whatever. 
 It is the first instance of an officer being sent upon duty with 
 instructions to treat all the regiments he reviewed without being 
 allowed even his expences. I hope he is satisfy'd with the 
 approbation the Lord Lieutenant gives him, as his friends here 
 take the liberty of laughing at his folly." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1781, Dec. 22. Pall Mall. — "You will have heard of nothing 
 but changes, &c. in Administration. I was in hopes some 
 
141 
 
 arrangement would have taken place, and that I should have 
 been released from the very unpleasant situation in which I find 
 myself. I have said all that w T as possible to the King upon this 
 subject, but hitherto it has produced no effect. It would be 
 highly unbecoming to fly from any attack that may be made, so 
 that I must hold on till his Majesty can see it for his interest to 
 change hands. If the Admiralty and my department were held 
 out to some parts of Opposition, I should think the hands of 
 Government might be strengthened. I begin to fear the 
 adjournment will pass off without doing any thing. However 
 I shall have nothing to reproach myself with, for I have spoke 
 with a freedom which few masters but ours would approve of. 
 I hope we shall see you soon . . . These are curious times, 
 and it is pity you should not be witness to the extraordinary 
 scenes which pass in the House of Commons." 
 
 George, Viscount Sackville, to General Irwin. 
 
 1782, March 31. Stoneland Lodge. — " I lament that the King 
 has been under the necessity of creating Sir F. Norton a peer.* 
 I was sure Dunning's promotion would cause an alarm in the 
 opposite quarter, and that Sir Fletcher must either die with rage 
 or obtain his promotion. It is ridiculous to see how favor to 
 one lawyer assists his brother. Wedderburne's impatience as 
 effectually served Lord Walsingham as Dunning's ambition has 
 carry'd Sir Fletcher to the point he might otherwise never have 
 obtained. 
 
 " I think you will remain. It will be too ungracious to dictate 
 to the King such military arrangements, and the more the 
 Ministers know of their Master, the more will they incline to 
 merit his good opinion. Lord Glandore says the Duke of Dorset 
 will hold his office. . . . Probably Mr. Burke will swallow 
 Lord Denbigh's as a second course." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1782, June 22. Stoneland Lodge. — " I hope Rouen will be 
 agreeable to you. . . . Rodney's victory I was as w ell timed as 
 it was compleat, and if it tends to peace it will be a happy event 
 indeed. Admiral Pigot is a bold man to supersede so successful 
 a commander. The measure is much abused, and the Ministers 
 risk their popularity by recalling the man who has retrieved the 
 affairs of this country by his able and spirited conduct. Burke's 
 bill is carrying through, but so curtailed that I fear it will not 
 
 * Sir Fletcher Norton, Speaker of the House of Commons 1770-1780, was, upon 
 his retirement from that post, created Baron Grantley. 
 f Of 12 April, 1782. 
 
142 
 
 answer the sanguine expectations of the public. Lady Glandore'"' 
 is as well as, I may say better than, I expected, for she has been 
 so ill with the influenza that I despaired of her going out her 
 time. Hitherto no accident has happened and she reckons the 
 very beginning of August. Lord Glandore has lost his sister, 
 Lady Theodosia[Crosbie] . Her illness kept him in Ireland, and 
 when he was prepared to sail he was attacked by this same 
 influenza, so that I know not when he is expected. Mrs. Herbert 
 is arrived at Muckross after many distresses but without accident. 
 Caroline is here and desires to be remembered to you. Thus I 
 have accounted for the female part of my family. The boys are 
 well and at school. Much talk of a dissolution of Parliament, but 
 I cannot believe it, as I do not see how the Ministers can change 
 for the better, as nobody seems inclined to obstruct their 
 measures, and if they can agree among themselves they will not 
 want unanimity in Parliament." 
 
 Viscount Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1782, July 17. Stoneland Lodge. — " I felt great pleasure and 
 satisfaction in hearing of your being so agreeably settled at 
 Kouen. The politeness you meet with does not surprize me. 
 Every officer of rank and merit is sure of being well received in 
 France, but you have so many friends and acquaintance at Paris 
 that I never doubted but that you would have the most marked 
 attentions shown you. It was not necessary that you should 
 receive any cautions about your behaviour there as I am certain 
 you are to prudent to say or do anything which could give the least 
 offence to those under whose protection you now live. I hear of 
 every profession of good intentions towards you made by those in 
 power, and I rather think the opportunity and not the inclination 
 of serving you is wanted, but such strange revolutions have lately 
 happened among the Ministers that it is impossible to speak with 
 certainty about any event. A new first Lord of the Treasury and 
 two new Secretary s of State! must have surprized you as much 
 as it did me. You will not be sorry, however, to see your old friend 
 Mr. Townshend in the office he now holds. Lord Temple will 
 certainly have Ireland as soon as the Duke of Portland returns. 
 Whether the Commander-in-Chief J will continue there I have not 
 yet heard, but many people say he will follow the example and 
 share the fortune of his friend Mr. Fox. 
 
 "Iam sorry to tell you that Lady Glandore was delivered of a 
 son which lived but a few hours, but she is perfectly well. Mrs. 
 Herbert is at Muckross and promises to behave better than Lady 
 Glandore has done. 
 
 * Diana, Countess of Glandore, Hon. Mrs. Herbert, and Hon, Caroline Sackville, 
 were 1st, 2nd, and 3rd daughters respectively of Lord Sackville. 
 f The Earl of Shelburne, Mr. T. Townshend, and Lord Grantham. 
 \ Lieut.-General Burgoyne. 
 
143 
 
 " We have had a great ball at Knole, where the country was 
 assembled, and I went from hence to be of the party. It was very 
 magnificent, and the Duke did the honours to everybody's satis- 
 faction. I am happy to hear we are so near neighbours. I wish 
 to God we had peace that we might avail ourselves of it. There 
 is no more talk of a dissolution of Parliament." 
 
 Viscount Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1782, Nov. 26. Pall Mall.—" I arrived in town on Saturday 
 in full expectation of the meeting of Parliament as this day, 
 but to my surprize it was prorogued till Thursday seven'ight in 
 hopes of the preliminarys of peace being settled by that time. I 
 conclude the Ministers would not have taken such a step without 
 the strongest reasons for their expectations, and we are now 
 anxiously awaiting the event. 
 
 " I should have written to you from Drayton, but I had nothing 
 worth communicating to you, and indeed till this great publick 
 measure is settled all private interests and pretensions will pro- 
 cure little attention, but I am persuaded you have one great and 
 good friend who will not forget you when the proper opportunity 
 offers. Sir Chas. Thompson does not write by this post, as he has 
 nothing particular to say, but he is watchful to procure intelli- 
 gence and to endeavour to promote your wishes. We swarm 
 with abusive pamphlets, and Lord Shelburne is the principal 
 object of their invectives. He must now submit to that correction 
 which he formerly bestowed on others. Lord North is courted 
 by all parties, but I do not hear that he has promised his support 
 to either . . . Lieut.-Gen. Cuninghame is coming over. He 
 still remains in the awkward situation of not being put off the 
 staff, though he cannot do the duty of it under the present 
 Commander-in-Chief. Lord Howe is returned to town after 
 relieving Gibraltar. As no action of any consequence happened 
 between him and the enemy's fleets, you may suppose the 
 Gazettes of London and Madrid give different relations of what 
 passed. All I can say is that, as I am no seaman, I cannot pre- 
 tend to understand what might have been done. All I know is 
 that the first great object of the relief of Gibraltar is fulfilled." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1783, April 4. Pall Mall. — "After a long state of anxiety this 
 country is at least relieved from the distress which naturally 
 arises from the want of an Administration. The King has now 
 availed himself of the coalition of the Rockingham and Lord 
 North's parties to establish a firm, and it is to be hoped a 
 permanent Government, for the late fluctuations among our 
 Ministers cannot have encreased the consequence of this country 
 in the eyes of foreigners. I am sure our domestic affairs have 
 been prejudiced by them. 
 
144 
 
 " I shall be happy to hear that the peace which opens inter- 
 course between France and England may induce you to pay your 
 friends a visit here. If this should not be practicable, it can be 
 of no use to you to hold a seat in Parliament, and the attempt that 
 is still making to alter the representation, by destroying the 
 small boroughs and by that means to encrease the representatives 
 of the counties, makes it necessary for the friends of the present 
 establishment to withstand such attempts to the utmost of their 
 power. If you cannot assist us in person, I wish you would 
 enclose a letter to me for the Duke of Portland requesting the 
 Chiltern Hundreds, that the borough of East Grinstead may not 
 be deprived of a representative by your absence. I need not say 
 how much happier I should be if your attendance could make such 
 an application unnecessary." 
 
 Postscript. — " It is said the Duke of Manchester goes Ambas- 
 sador to France ; Duke of Portland, Treasury ; Lord John 
 Cavendish, Chancellor of the Exchequer ; Lord North and Mr. 
 Fox, Secretaries of State ; Lord Stormont, President ; Lord 
 Carlisle, Privy Seal ; Lord Keppel, Admiralty. The Duke of 
 Richmond this day resigned the Ordnance. The Great Seal, it is 
 said, will be in commission." 
 
 Viscount Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1783, May 9. Pall Mall.—" I am obliged to you for your send- 
 ing your request to the Duke of Portland so immediately and so 
 opportunely. The application was comply'd with in the most 
 polite and ready manner. Your successor was to have been Mr. 
 Lionel Darner, but his uncle did not approve of his being in 
 Parliament, so, that scheme failing, Mr. Medley, to the great 
 satisfaction of the borough, became the candidate and was 
 unanimously elected. I am really concerned that it was no 
 longer convenient to you to attend the House of Commons. The 
 loss of your society must be ever regretted by me, especially as 
 your situation, however agreeable it may be made to you in 
 France, cannot be so satisfactory as living among your old 
 friends. 
 
 " Two days after Mr. Medley took his seat, the long expected 
 question about a more equal representation was agitated, and 
 though it was supported by Mr. Pitt, Mr. Fox, Lord J. Cavendish, 
 &c, &c, &c, yet Lord North, at the head of the friends of the old 
 constitution, was upon the division 292 against 149, a majority, I 
 confess, much above my expectation. I hope such a decided 
 superiority after a debate till two in the morning will stop future 
 discussions of the subject. 
 
 " The town is now staring at the Due de Chartres, Duke Fitz- 
 James, and Mr. Conflans. All civility and respect are shewn to 
 them, but the King stays at Windsor till next week, as he and the 
 Queen are much hurt by the death of Prince Octavius. He was 
 a charming child and a great favourite. He died under 
 inoculation. 
 
145 
 
 " The Ambassador from France is not yet arrived, though the 
 Duke of Manchester has been at Paris for some days. The Duke 
 of Dorset made a visit there for a week, and is just returned, most 
 happy with the particular honours done to him by the whole court. 
 It was highly flattering to be so received, and he is very grateful 
 for it. Lord Northington, you will have heard, relieves Lord 
 Temple in Ireland, who is impatient to return hither. I wish 
 this alteration in the government of that kingdom may not be pro- 
 ductive of ill-humour." 
 
 Viscount Sackville to General Irwin. 
 
 1783, Nov. 13. Pall Mall. — " Here we are all met again for the 
 Parliament. I deferred writing to you, as I could, from the 
 country, say nothing to you that could either inform or entertain 
 you. Indeed the latter part of the time was most distressing, as 
 poor George had a most dangerous fever, and I was forced in that 
 condition to remove him to town that he might have a chance of 
 being saved by Sir J. Eliott. He has been most kindly attentive 
 and successful, and I hope the boy will soon recover his strength. 
 
 " The present Ministry have opened the session with all the 
 appearance of support which they could wish for. The Addresses 
 passed unanimously, and Mr. Fox promises every exertion shall 
 be made for bringing forward the necessary business as soon as 
 possible. The plan for the government of the East Indies is to 
 be proposed by him on Tuesday next. He will indeed shew his 
 ability if he can offer anything upon that subject which will be 
 generally approved. Mr. Hastings, who met with the displeasure 
 of the Committees of Enquiry, now stands high in the opinion of 
 the public from the peace which he has made with the Maharattas, 
 and by his saving the Carnatic, and by the success which has 
 attended the arms of the Company. Any direct censure upon him, 
 or the removing him from his present situation, will meet with 
 opposition from many who are now become his advocates. 
 
 " The state of public credit is another alarming circumstance, 
 and yet Administration must undertake the support and re-estab- 
 lishment of it." The rest of the letter is wanting. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1784, June 12. Pall Mall.—" We have lately been in such a 
 strange and confused state that it was impossible to offer any 
 advice to you about your own situation. The King, however good 
 his intentions were towards you, was not at liberty to follow his 
 own inclinations whilst he employed ministers who did not act as 
 if they considered him as their master. He has by perseverance 
 and firmness regained his authority, and being no longer under 
 control, he may shew favour to those whom he inclines to 
 protect. He has appointed no commander-in-chief, and he looks 
 upon the army as his own particular department. Arrangements 
 in Ministry have been talked of, but I see no prospect of their 
 
 21250 
 
 K 
 
146 
 
 immediately taking effect, and as the Secretary of State for the 
 Home Department [Sydney] certainly wishes you well, now is 
 the proper time, in my opinion, for you to remind his Majesty 
 that you still remain without any equivalent for the government 
 you lost. 
 
 "The manner of applying is the point to be weighed and con- 
 sidered, and after turning it in my mind over and over again, I 
 would advise your writing to Lord Sydney, as a friend and old 
 acquaintance, the short history of your loss, and your claim for 
 some mark of favour. This private but ostensible application will 
 certainly reach his Majesty, and I am persuaded if the King 
 shews (as I dare say he will) his desire of providing for you, that 
 Lord Sydney will encourage the idea and assist in pointing out 
 the means. I must confess till this moment I never saw a fair 
 prospect before you, but as I now think I see my way, I would not 
 delay pressing you to avail yourself of the happy period of the 
 restoration of George the 3rd. 
 
 " The Parliament is devoted to the King and his Administration, 
 and I sincerely wish that they may avail themselves of the 
 present temper of the nation to do such great and essential ser- 
 vices to the public as may establish their power, and gain honor 
 and reputation to themselves. In the satisfaction the King enjoys 
 by finding himself the object of popularity, he has, however, one 
 drawback, which must vex and distress him. I mean the 
 unaccountable and perverse conduct of the Prince of Wales, who 
 seems to delight in faction and to forget that he may one day be 
 King. Indeed he takes great pains to prevent that event 
 happening, for he ruins his constitution by all sorts of 
 irregularities, particularly in eating and drinking. . . . 
 
 "I have almost promised to make a visit this summer to 
 Ardfert and the Lake of Killarney. . . . Such young, frisky 
 fellows as I am make nothing of a journey of that sort." 
 
 VI. — IKELAND, 1731-1737. 
 
 Sir Kobert Walpole to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1731, Dec. 23. London. — "I have been a long time in your 
 Grace's debt for the favour of your last letter, but as ceremony is 
 not my profession and good nature is very much yours, I must 
 rely upon you for pardon where I have but little to plead in my 
 own excuse. 
 
 " What particularly occasions my giving your Grace the 
 trouble of this is Mr. Herbert's sollicitation, who I find very 
 uneasy about the state of his affairs in Ireland, and as he has 
 thought of several methods for his relief, which I believe you are 
 not unacquainted with* he has desired me to recommend his 
 concerns to your protection when any opportunity shall offer for 
 
 * Londonderry. 
 
147 
 
 your being usefull to him, and at present very earnestly desires 
 that the person within named may be made sheriff of the county 
 of Kerry, as a matter of great consequence to his interest. 
 
 "He is likewise advised that the building of barracks in the 
 place he proposes would not only be of great service to him in 
 preventing and suppressing the great disorders and violence 
 which are very frequent in that part of the kingdom, but would 
 be of equall use and benefitt to the nation and might be as 
 properly placed there as anywhere else. Of this I am no judge, 
 but if what Mr. Herbert desires be practicable, I think he is one 
 very well worth the obliging, and I should be glad to have him 
 gratified. 
 
 "I give your Grace joy of the successe that has hitherto attended 
 your administration, and hope you will put a happy period to 
 your Irish campaign, to your own honour, ease, and satisfaction, 
 and for the honour and interest of the King and kingdom. 
 
 P.S. — " I desire you will be my proxy and kisse the Queen of 
 Ireland's hand for me, but little Colly's — I don't presume to think 
 of." 
 
 Sir Kobert Walpole to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1731, Dec. 30. London. — "Your Grace will have heard before 
 this time what has been proposed and under consideration here 
 in relation to the Protestant Dissenters in Ireland, and altho' 
 the time seems not only very favourable, but the present occasion 
 seems to call for all possible means of strengthening the hands of 
 the Protestants in Ireland, I was very unwilling to have anything 
 done here which might be a surprise upon your Grace, and was 
 therefore very desirous that the Popish Bill might be postponed 
 till your Grace's sentiments upon this head should be known. 
 This delay in doing what I am fully convinced is right to be done 
 was purely in regard to your Grace, and I hope will not putt you 
 under any difficulty; the clause being to be added here and to be 
 transmitted from hence, will leave it in your power to have it as 
 much or as little known as you please that your consent was 
 previously taken. As for the thing itself, it is thought here 
 universally right, and the King and Queen entirely of the opinion 
 it should be done, and I do not see how a clause of this kind 
 added by the Councell here can tend to embarasse your affairs, at 
 the end of the session, when all your publick affairs will be almost 
 over. It is represented to us that the House of Lords will be 
 very desirous of passing such a Bill, that in the House of 
 Commons the opposition will be much lesse than was ever 
 apprehended upon the like consideration ; and I shall be glad 
 that your Grace may have the honour of passing a Bill to releive 
 the Protestant Dissenters from a burthen which they have a long 
 time unjustly and unreasonably groaned under." 
 
 Lord Wilmington to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1731-2, Feb. 15. — " I had the honour of your Grace's letter of 
 the 3rd Lust, on Wednesday last and the next morning I went 
 
1 18 
 
 to Sir Robert Walpole, who as soon as I mentioned the affair <>l 
 the deanry of Down told me that an application had been made 
 by two bishops to the Queen for Dean Barkeley, and that before 
 it was setled application had come from Ireland for Dean 
 Daniel. Though I mention this shortly, it was attended with a 
 great many circumstances and a long detail quite unnecessary to 
 repeat. When Sir Robert on reading your Grace's letter came 
 to that part where your Grace says that Dean Barkeley was 
 looked upon as a madman, he said he always thought so and had 
 always said it where it was proper. He desired me to assure 
 me (sic) your Grace that he had never in any instance interfered 
 with your Grace's administration in Ireland, and had used his 
 best endeavours that if this deanry had been disposed of to any 
 other person than Dr. Gary, that the declaration of it might be 
 defer'd till your Grace's return to England. Upon my asking 
 him if the Duke of Newcastle had any part in the recommendation 
 of Dean Barkeley, he assured me he had not, but thought he was 
 to blame only in not expediting the affair on Iris receit of your 
 letter, and consequently by his dilatoriness giving time for other 
 applications to be made. 
 
 " I went the same day to St. James's in order to have waited 
 on the Queen, but the King was come on the Queen's side so 
 early that I could not see the Queen that day. On Friday the 
 Pension Bill was expected in the House of Lords, which prevented 
 my being at St. James's that day. On Saturday I endeavoured 
 to see the Queen, but was prevented by the same reason I was on 
 Thursday. The Queen spoke to me in the Circle and ordered me 
 to attend her on Monday. Accordingly I waited on her Majesty 
 yesterday, who was graciously pleased to tell me that she had, on 
 the application of two bishops, spoke to the King for Dr. Barkeley, 
 but as the King gave her no answer she looked upon the matter 
 to be undetermined, and that though she looked upon herself to 
 be so far pre-ingaged for Dr. Barkeley that she could not appear 
 for any other person, yet she would rest it there and not speak to 
 the King any more about it. I asked her Majesty's leave to lay 
 your Grace's letter before the King, and that I might lay the due 
 stress on that part of it in which your Grace says that Dr. B. is 
 very particularly disliked by all the King's friends in Ireland. 
 Having her Majesty's leave I immediately went on the King's 
 side and as soon as I came into the closet I acquainted his 
 Majesty with the contents of your Grace's letter as aforesaid. 
 The King told me that that affair was now all over, for he had 
 just then had letters laid before him from your Grace with an 
 account of the Bishop of Meath's death and your recommendations 
 for a succession in the Bench of Bishops which his Majesty 
 thought to be very reasonable, and though he had not as yet 
 absolutely determined, yet he believed he should comply with it. 
 However I thought it not improper to insist on that part of your 
 Grace's letter I mentioned, and at the same time to enlarge on the 
 hardships Dean Daniel had gone through in the cause between 
 him and Whaley. Thus your Grace sees that though I can say 
 nothing positively, yet it seems as if this affair would end as your 
 Grace could wish. 
 
149 
 
 " As the King was going to the Queen's side after I came out 
 of the closet, he called me to him and told me he had observed 
 with great satisfaction the prudence of your Grace's recom- 
 mendations and that you had always recommended such persons 
 as he should have chose himself." 
 
 Dean Swift to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1732, April 20. Deanry House. — "My Lord, I return my most 
 humble acknowledgements to your Grace and my Lady Dutchess 
 for your great condescention in inquiring after me at a time 
 when you are so much taken up in crowds and ceremony. I can 
 make no wishes for either of you but a good voyage without 
 sickness or accidents. For as to honor, fortune, favor and the 
 like I can only pray for the continuance of them. That I so 
 seldom troubled your Grace I am sure you will approve as a 
 matter of conscience in me, not to disturb your hours, which in 
 the business of some months left so few for your own leisure and 
 diversions." 
 
 Duke of Dorset to Mr. Dodington. 
 
 1733-4, Jan. 10. Dublin Castle. — "I am very much obliged 
 to you for your letter of the 22nd past. As this comirmnication 
 between the two Houses was carried on, perhaps I don't think it 
 of so very great consequence as some on your side of the water 
 seem to imagine, but be that as it will, since it was made matter 
 of triumph, and since there was a noise about it in England, I 
 was of your opinion that a stop ought to be put to it at any rate ; 
 and therefore I dare say you'll be very glad when I tell you that 
 we had yesterday a pitched battle in the House of Commons, 
 and the communication was kicked out of doors by a vast 
 majority. The court were 102 and the opposition no' more than 
 27. I han't time to enter into our order of battle, but it was 
 certainly well managed. I shall only tell you that it was 
 contriv'd that something should be done in the House of Lords 
 to give offence to the Commons. This the House of Commons 
 took notice of on Monday last, but that nothing should be done 
 by surprise, the debate was adjourn'd till Wednesday. On 
 Wednesday, the forces were drawn out on both sides, and the 
 day ended as I've already told you. Your friend Tom Carter 
 was in the front of the battle, but was strongly supported by 
 gentlemen of a very different complexion ; Cope, Agm. Vesey 
 and the Prime Serjeant distinguished themselves very much 
 . . . I mention these to show you that we did not want the 
 assistance of the Cardinal de Ketz, notwithstanding the part he 
 took in the House of Lords ; and I can't say he came unwillingly 
 into our scheme when he was pretty sure that neither Punch nor 
 his friend in the Ivy Bush could have any share in the credit 
 of our success. I fancy Cary designs to give you a more 
 particular account of this affair." 
 
150 
 
 George Dodington :> to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1783-4, Jan. 14. London. — " I believe I told your Grace that 
 after a stormy, wett, and most tiresome journey cross the country 
 to Eastbury, I mett there letters from the Prince and other friends 
 which brought me immediately to town. At my arrival, I mett 
 a civil but very cold reception (Lord Wilmington was also under 
 quarantine at that time, we don't know for what), the King did 
 not speak to me and the Queen only asked me after Lady 
 Dutchess and your Grace's health. The Prince I found very 
 affectionate in everything that relates to your Grace, and more 
 confirmed if possible than ever in his opinions of men and 
 things, and in his friendships, though several attempts and strong- 
 ones too, had been made in my absence to alter him in all these 
 particulars. 
 
 " As to the Prince of Orange, he is gone to the Bath and is 
 reported to be better. Hollins tells me that, as to his bodily dis- 
 temper, he can find none but in his stomach, which may be cured 
 by proper medicines and eating of plain things, but his Highness 
 is much inclined to very high compositions and sauces and to 
 great quantities of very sweet sweetmeats. If he has any illness 
 upon his mind, that is beyond physick. I have not seen him ; 
 he lived entirely at Kensington and came seldom to Court. When 
 he did it was in a morning before the Queen's drawing-room, and 
 never appeared. It seems the Royal family do not visit him till 
 the marriage is over, but the Prince did him that honor before 
 he went to Bath, with which, as I am told, he was very much 
 pleased and elevated. It is said about town that he is not 
 thoroughly pleased with his reception and that he is more a 
 favorite with the people than with the Court. There is no time 
 fixed for the wedding. 
 
 " As to the Minister, I have not had much correspondence with 
 him. I think my not taking directions from him in the little 
 interest I have in elections has disobliged him. I apprehend 
 that he is as strong at Court as ever, and there indeed I presume 
 is his great strength, for the nation certainly is in a great 
 ferment, and in general not favorably disposed towards him. 
 
 " The state of foreign affairs is far beyond my comprehension. 
 I am informed, and I believe well informed, that the maxim of 
 the Ministry is to sitt still as long as they can and see what will 
 happen. — God, no body keeps any treaties with us, why 
 should we keep any with them, faith, hey ? — The doubt that 
 may arise from this maxim may be, whether it be consistent 
 with that equilibrium once thought necessary to be preserved in 
 Europe, to suffer the House of Bourbon to aggrandize themselves 
 by the entire acquisition of Italy (for Naples and Sicily must 
 immediately follow) and whether, in such case, all our Spanish, 
 Indian, and Levant trade will not become not only precarious 
 but entirely dependent upon the Princes of that House. It is 
 also apprehended by some that the French may possibly avail 
 
 * Afterwards Lord Alelcombe. 
 
151 
 
 themselves of the more than ordinary tumults which next 
 summer's elections will certainly produce to throw over a body of 
 troops amongst us which, considering the present circumstances 
 and disposition of the nation, heated by the violence of party con- 
 tention at that time, they look upon with the utmost terror and 
 confusion. For my own part I rather believe that they will take 
 advantage of the deep attention of the Government to all election 
 matters, and the natural hurry and confusion it will involve us 
 in, to perfect the conquest of Italy and to secure that conquest ; 
 and then if we attempt to retrieve it, and support the House of 
 Austria, 'tis probable the attempt may not only be too late to 
 succeed but may draw this apprehended invasion upon us. But 
 I shall say no more of this because it is what I do not very well 
 understand myself, and besides I know that your Grace is too 
 thorough bred an English gentleman and minister ever to 
 apprehend anything can happen from abroad till the whole 
 country is in blood and confusion. 
 
 "Our home affairs I think I have almost explained to you when 
 I described the situation of the Court. I do not think the House 
 of Commons will be full ; there does not seem to be any great 
 muster of either side. I am told by Sir Kobert that one great 
 point of the Opposition will be the Navy debt, and will begin in 
 your House soon after the opening. 'Tis indeed a great one, 
 about 1,800,000/., but I do not imagine that you have many lords 
 very able to enter into a detail of that kind in an adversary w v ay, 
 which I know may be very easily defended ; but I do not say 
 more upon this, because it will very probable be over before my 
 letter goes away. 
 
 "Jan. 15. The whole bent and view not only of the Court 
 but of the nation is at present employed about the ensuing 
 elections. That there will be a Whigg Parliament there is no 
 doubt, and I think, considering the reall weight that the families, 
 fortunes, and interest of those in the King's service naturally give 
 us, separate from the vast influence of the power and very great 
 revenue of the Crown (if either should be made use of), I say I 
 think that there is no room to doubt but that it will be a Court 
 Parliament. If I should be mistaken in this opinion of our 
 natural strength, and it should be thought adviseable to employ 
 the revenue and power of the Crown to procure, by means of the 
 returning officers, a majority to be returned, and that majority 
 should afterwards (as no doubt they will) fortify and encrease 
 themselves by the decision of elections in the Committee, yet 
 then it will still be a Court Parliament, and the Opposition will 
 have nothing either to boast of or to hope. . But if this should be 
 the case, their influence upon the people might be apprehended, 
 because it might be productive of ill consequences if the people 
 should be perswaded to believe that the majority of the Parliament 
 were two degrees removed from being their representatives — 
 one by the partiality of the returns ; the other Jpy that of the 
 decisions of the Committee. I must observe to your Grace that 
 the present system of affairs is to gett the Parliament up by the 
 latter end of April, and to go to election as soon as possible, so as 
 
m 
 
 fco have everything over before the beginning of any part of 
 harvest. What difficulties may arise, what obstructions the 
 Opposition may probably give, I shall not mention in this place, 
 because it would be conjecture only now, and possibly before this 
 letter goes their behaviour in publick will lett us into the certainty, 
 at least of the greatest part of their designs. 
 
 " Jan. 25. And now, my Lord, I shall proceed to give your 
 Grace my poor opinion (built upon weak foundations of 
 information but strong ones of duty and affection for you) with 
 relation to some things that more particularly concern you. 
 And the first naturally is the situation you appear in, at Court 
 and with the Minister. I shall not scruple contradicting myself 
 (possibly I shall do it with pleasure) if any alteration in it should 
 come within my knowledge or conjecture between this time and 
 the sending away my letter, which, as you have thought fitt to 
 delay the transmission, will, I presume, be about Lady Day, and 
 consequently we shall not have the pleasure of seeing you till 
 May, though in my poor opinion your presence was never 
 more necessary. 
 
 "Jan. 31. Last Saturday Lady Betty [Germain] , Miss Cham- 
 bers, Lord Wilmington, and myself had made a partie quarree to 
 dine at my house. Upon consideration we added Lady Suffolk. 
 His Royal Highness :? hearing of it, was pleased to come just before 
 dinner, and Lord Wilmington, to my great satisfaction, brought 
 Lord Middlesex with him, who came to town that very morning. 
 I must assure you that he pleased extremely where we most 
 wished he should please. But, however, it is not by him that I 
 shall begin, but by this affair of the communication of the heads 
 of Bills, which I am very glad is over. 
 
 " That the manner of bringing this motion into the House of 
 Lords was such as I thought should draw a check upon it ; that 
 the practice of it must add some little weight to Bills so presented 
 to the Government ; must draw on conferences between the two 
 Houses which must consequently bring them nearer the forms of 
 our Parliament, and that power will by degrees follow forms, or 
 create dissatisfaction in those who are possessed of the one and 
 debarred of the other, is what I presume your Grace will readily 
 adrnitt, and therefore attempts begun in such a manner and 
 attended with such consequences should be stopped short, as your 
 Grace has very prudently done by this. But I must acquaint 
 you that, at my arrival, I found that it was looked on here as a 
 subversion of the royal prerogative and (either by mistake or 
 design) a total dissolution of the dependence of Ireland upon 
 England. Clutterbuck had been advised with, who had declared 
 it dangerous. Lord Chancellor [Talbot] and Lord Hardwicke had 
 been prepossessed against it, and no bill was to pass for the future 
 that had been thus communicated. Lord Hardwicke called upon 
 me one morning and, as I happened to be alone, staid an hour 
 with me. We talked the whole matter over, and I found him 
 more moderate than Lord Wilmington seemed to apprehend ; at 
 
 * The Prince of Wales 
 
153 
 
 least I think I left him so. The King has several times expressed 
 his dislike of it and his resolution to have it broke through, but 
 in moderate terms. He was prepared to take fire, but luckily was 
 not sett on fire before the news of laying it aside came. But you 
 may depend upon it, that no good will has been wanting to sett it 
 in a disadvantageous light both to the Court and the town, in so 
 much that I believe her Majesty has exprssed her disapprobation 
 of it very warmly, even since it has been over, and there I shall 
 leave this head. 
 
 " The attempt and miscarriage of the Dissenters also is not, I 
 fear, so candidly represented on this side of the water as I could 
 wish it. I have not heard anything spoke about it by or from 
 the great men ; but by what has been written over from their 
 friends on your side to their leaders in the City (and is indeed a 
 sort of an apology) I think they neither do your Grace nor Mr. 
 Cary justice. It is, in my opinion, a sort of shifting the blame 
 due to the rashness and obstinacy of their undertaking either 
 upon Sir Robert Walpole for not arming you with sufficient 
 instructions, or upon your Grace for not inforcing them with 
 sufficient vigour. I do not know whether this be so understood 
 here or whether there is any thought about. If it be so under- 
 stood, then I apprehend that you are in all events to blame here, 
 and had no chance to avoid it, for you could not follow instructions 
 you had not, and you should have taken upon yourself any 
 dislike that might arise from the want of them. I hope to gett a 
 copy of this letter. If I do, though probably you may have it 
 already from better hands, I will send it you, for fear you should 
 have it from none. 
 
 " Feb. 10. — Lord Middlesex being now here, I may justly refer 
 you to him, Lord President [Wilmington], and your Kentish 
 correspondents, for your election affairs. I need not tell you that 
 my brother Oxenden is outrageous, looks upon himself to be given 
 up by you, and you may be certain fails not to inculcate it both to the 
 Minister and the King also, of whom he has had several audiences, 
 which, by the advantage taken of Lord Middlesex's absence and 
 some other incidents (such as the reluctance of some of your 
 warmest friends to vote for him, &c), have, I believe, made as much 
 impression as a thing of that nature can well do, which is some- 
 thing, though not a great one. Sir George and his people most 
 confidently and publickly talk it as a certainty that he shall be 
 the first of the four, and 500 at least, if not 1,000, before Lord 
 Middlesex ; and I believe one, if not both, of these things is 
 believed at Court. Your Grace will make the proper distinction 
 between what great men really believe and must own to each 
 other, and what they talk and teach their superiors to believe, 
 who, possibly, have no light in these matters but such as they 
 think fit to lett in upon them. The same people also say the 
 Dissenters are so much dissatisfied that unless effectual care be 
 taken they will all give single votes for Sir George to the number 
 of 400. Whether all or any part of- this be true I cannot say. I 
 
 * Sir George Oxenden, Bart., M.P. for Sandwich. 
 
154 
 
 hope 'tis an old story only, grounded upon the behaviour of 
 one Tempest, and if so I am told it signiiies nothing. If there 
 be anything in it, I presume it must be imputed to this letter, of 
 which I send you a copy. I will endeavour to learn the truth 
 before this letter goes, and shall mention it again, because, though 
 you may be informed of things from better hands with much 
 greater certainty, yet 'tis possible that nobody may write so 
 circumstantially. I shall conclude this head by submitting to 
 your Grace's consideration what your situation must be with 
 people who, rather than not baffle your interest by the most 
 disagreeable measures to you, will sett up, support publickly, and 
 even play into the closet and conversation of the King, the man 
 whom in the whole world they have the most reason to hate. 
 
 " Feb. 17.— Upon the whole, my Lord, when I consider with 
 what precipitancy your publick conduct is liable to be judged of, 
 and what an unlucky handle this perplexing election furnishes to 
 misrepresent your more private transactions, it is my humble 
 opinion that you should make all hast home that the weight and 
 dignity of your business will permitt, and when you leave 
 Ireland you should make such a disposition of things in your own 
 mind as you design to do when you entirely quitt the Govern- 
 ment, I mean by promoting and providing for those of your own 
 friends, and such recommendations as you think requisite from 
 your inclinations or obligations. 
 
 " Your Grace will escape the turmoil of this session by your 
 necessary business in Ireland, but during that time I presume 
 you will very maturely weigh what is most for your own and 
 your country's service when we sett out for another seven years. 
 You will consider how gracefull great offices are, with favour suffi- 
 cient to maintain their lustre, and power to support those friends 
 to whom time and their good fortune has procured the advantage 
 of being called so already, and those whose merit may hereafter 
 intitle them to that honour. You will consider the same offices 
 divested, or almost divested, of that favour and that power ; what 
 their grace and lustre will then be, whether capable of giving any 
 addition to a man of great quality, talents, and character that 
 holds them, or only of drawing upon him the hatred and resent- 
 ment of those he may act against without being capable of 
 thoroughly defending him against them ; whether, in such case, 
 the pity (not to call it by a lower name) of the impartial, and even 
 of those he acts with, may not follow the hatred of those he acts 
 against. Y r ou will consider also how extreamly disagreeable it 
 must be to be obliged to leave the Court and to oppose the 
 measures of a prince for whose person and family and glory one 
 feels the most sincere, the most reverential duty and affection, to 
 act with a number of gentlemen, united in one point, indeed, but 
 from different views and motives, and consequently liable to vary 
 as those motives and views may cease or be satisfied, which is 
 very different from the steadiness of bodies united not only in the 
 same end but in the same motives to desire and to pursue that 
 end. Y r ou will consider (and a very comfortable consideration it 
 must be to your Grace) that you have a noble fortune, and 
 
155 
 
 talents and interest to make you very amiable, and the continu- 
 ance of your service highly usefull to the Court if it be thought 
 fitting; if anything should render it otherwise, that [added] to this 
 fortune, talents and interest, you are a Peer of Britain, a country 
 fruitfull indeed of reproach, ill-nature, and corruption, but where 
 the frowns of a Court, whatever other uneasinesses they may 
 bring, seldom bring contempt along with them, which, to great 
 minds, of all uneasinesses has been generally thought the most 
 insupportable. 
 
 "As to the Opposition, I know very little of them. Harry 
 Furnese tells me that he will call upon me one morning to talk 
 over your Kentish affairs. If he does [so] before this goes you shall 
 have an account of it. If it happens afterwards, and anything 
 happens worth your knowledge, I will write again, but I have but 
 little hopes from that quarter. The Scotch lords, who sett out so 
 reasonably and moderately, are (as we foretold in Ireland) now 
 the most vehement of all ; 'tis natural indeed, considering they 
 have but this session to live. The Opposition in general seem to 
 design through this session to throw out points only that may look 
 well in print and hurt the popularity of those who oppose them, 
 without any hopes of carrying them, possibly without the wish 
 of doing it (this also as I remember we guessed at). Such was 
 the Druggists' petition, to revive the Excise clamour ; the attempt 
 to make the Army independant ; the Qualification Bill, and the 
 Place Bill, which last is yet in the House of Commons — points 
 which if carried would be equally destructive of their own or any 
 other Administration, if they should overturn this. But, for this 
 and their numbers you will be informed by the public prints. 
 I must mention one thing because possibly you may hear it and 
 be surprized I should not mention it. There has been a report, 
 and a strong one, that I had treated a reconciliation between 
 their Majesties and the Prince, and was to be Secretary at War, 
 &c. I should look upon it as the greatest happiness of my life to 
 be any way instrumental to increase or continue the union 
 between the Royal family ; but there has been no quarrel, nor 
 any overture from their Majesties to his Royal Highness nor 
 from him to them that I know of. But whatever views people 
 may imagine for him, this I assure your Grace, from knowledge 
 and experience, no motives will influence his way of thinking or 
 acting but what relate to his honour and reputation, which he 
 founds in the interest and happiness of his country. . . ." 
 
 Lady Betty Germain to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 [1734, January or February.*] — " I have been very miserable 
 for this time that I could [not ?] write to you freely and not by 
 the post, for I am satisfied they are at the trouble of opening my 
 letters too, and much good may it do them. I believe you 
 thought me distracted in one of mine,wherein I bid you not mind 
 
 * The first part of the letter is undated. 
 
156 
 
 a hot-headed letter you had had. The case was this: when 
 Dodington came over he was very ill received by his Majesty and 
 scarce notified by anybody but the Prince. This made him 
 exceedingly out of humour, and he wanted to have everybody else 
 so. He found the ministers in some alarm about the Irish 
 Parliament's communicating heads of Bills to one another, and 
 came to me to tell me they were sitting upon your skirts, and that 
 they would every way do you all the mischief and injustice 
 they could, and bid me find out what hurt they had done you 
 with the King, and said he would write you a long detail how ill 
 you were used when he had a safe opportunity by the person 
 that carrys over the Bills, and that he would make a memoran- 
 dum every day what passed, but not send it till then, and then he 
 would press you to mind and regard nothing, but to leave 
 everything and come away as fast as you could, for they were 
 cutting the grass under your feet ; but this he assured me, he would 
 not send without communicating to me. Pretty near the same 
 things he said to Lord Wilmington, who came and told me 
 instantly of it, and we both agreed there was no harm in his 
 writing a letter full of what he knew, but since he was to show it 
 to me 'twas time enough to prevent his too hasty advice. In a 
 little time after this he met Mrs. Chamber in the drawing-room, 
 began in the same fury to her, who never had heard one word 
 about these affairs, and at the same [time] assured her he 
 had writ to you to come away instantly. She asked him twice 
 over whether he had writ, and he still said yes he had. Upon 
 her telling me this I was heartily frighted to think what the con- 
 sequences might be if you were so mad as to follow his advice. 
 At least I knew 'twould frett you heartily, and that was terrible, 
 considering one could not let you into the affair by the post. 
 When I told Lord W. he was in as much vexation as I, and bid 
 me say that to you slightly not to mind the mad letters you had. 
 But now both he and I are of the opinion he never did write you 
 such a letter, but very likely you will have it by this messenger, 
 for he never told it to Lord Wilm. nor to me that he had writ, 
 but continued in saying he would ; but Molly could not mistake him, 
 for the next time he came here 'twas of a Sunday and I at play, and 
 he began the same fury again how ill they used you, and she 
 asked him again if he had writ to you to come immediately over, 
 and he said ' Yes.' Whatever the Ministers' design was I cant 
 tell, nor what malice they bear in their heart to you I cant tell, 
 but this I am very sure, they had not made the King so uneasy 
 about these communications of heads of Bills as they appeared to 
 be themselves, but I hope of that affair you will know all the 
 particulars from Lord W., who takes you exceedingly to heart 
 indeed, but I think he is not quite satisfied that Mr. Gary and 
 you dont write to him often enough and particulars especially 
 about this business before it had gone so far in the Parliament, 
 that he might have known what to say when they found fault, 
 but, however, now 7 he tells me ministers and all are quite easy 
 
 * Niece to Lady Betty Germain. 
 
157 
 
 now 'tis over. About a fortnight ago or more 1 was at Molly 
 Sehvyn's, and to own you the very truth I was in a cursed 
 humour, for I had heard the election went ill not only by Sir 
 George's villainy, but that the ministers did not espouse it as 
 they ought. She began with her good wishes, which I from my 
 soul believe is sincere in her and John, and I did hint as if 1 
 thought you was very ill-used on all sides, but at the same time 
 assured her I had not heard one word from you, nor did anything 
 I said come but from tittle-tattle of the town, and amongst the 
 rest I said I heard that Sir Roger Meredeth had declared against 
 you, and 1 thought that pretty extraordinary if he was under any 
 Court influence. She said she would not do anything without 
 my leave, but beg'd she might ask Sir Robert about it. I told 
 her she was very free to tell my tittle-tattle to him if she pleased, 
 upon which Horace came flying here next morning to assure me 
 how heartily they wished for you, and Sir Robert desired to know 
 if I would have him write to Sir Roger Meredeth, though he 
 feared he had no influence over him. My answer was that I 
 had only repeated hearsay, that I did not pretend to advise or 
 give orders, and that I could not suppose but that Sir Robert had 
 already made use of all his influence for you to everybody that 
 he possibly could, since he knew your interest suffered only by 
 joyning Sir George ; upon which he declared his brother's and 
 his great aversion to Sir George and wanted to know by what 
 means 'twas he got so often at the King, upon which indeed I 
 could not hold, but fell a laughing as loud as Horace could 
 ' goster ' himself, and said I was sorry Sir Robert knew so little 
 of his ministerial part as not to be informed who went into the 
 Cabinet and how they got in. I think verily Horace could not 
 stand it, for he looked mighty foolish and walked oft' presently. 
 I told Lord Wil. all that had passed and he either Mattered me or 
 approved ont mightily. 
 
 " Though the report goes that Dodington lias made up all 
 differences with the King and Prince, and 'tis partly true, for the 
 Prince has made a sherif of Cornwell, I think it is, on the King's 
 desire, yet they show they hate him as much as ever, for the 
 ministers have desired if the Prince has anything to ask of the 
 King that he would send his messages by Edgcomb and Balti- 
 more, and the Prince talks as violently and publicly against Sir 
 Robert as ever. You know 1 am a little cowardly, and it frights 
 me out of my wits to see party grows fiercer and fiercer every 
 day. Even about operas 'tis outrageous, and the delight of 
 everybody's heart seems to be sett upon the King's setting by 
 himself at the Haymarket House ; and even Grantum and his 
 lovingest of domesticks are in that, and t'other day at Dodington 's 
 the Prince was as eager and pressed me as earnestly to go to 
 Lincoln's Inn Fields opera as if it had been a thing of great 
 moment to the nation, but by good luck I had company at home. 
 I wish you are not weary of this long letter, but I like you should 
 know everything and I write as it comes uppermost. 
 
 One of the women of the Bedchamber. 
 
158 
 
 " 1733-4, Feb. 20.— As they told me Mr. Champneys would go 
 away very soon I began to write that long scroll a long time ago, 
 so writ on as things occurred, and as affairs are not much altered 
 in this time I let it go. Lord President, the Countess* and I sat 
 all yesterday afternoon talking of you, and the result of it I sup- 
 pose you will know from him. Surely he's grown very loving 
 to you, for he seems to take all your concerns strong to heart, and 
 thinks a little like I now, for 'tis always with a consideration that 
 you should not be tanted nor fretted as little as he can help in 
 all things that cant go quite to your mind. In one part of this 
 letter I writ word he was discontented that Cary and you did not 
 write to him often enough, but now of late he is quite pleased 
 and satisfied, for he then thought you might have found 
 messengers that would carry your letters safely. Poor Cary ; I 
 believe he has been sick upon presentiment. Lord Yerej will 
 carry your friend]; off if her papa will give his consent and a little 
 money, but as I have not much to say for my Lord's substantial, 
 God knows what will happen, but I believe I shall go this week 
 to him about it. Perhaps you will think in my former letters I 
 might have given more hints to you of this affair ; but indeed I 
 could not, for my resolution has not been taken above two days. 
 He certainly is a pretty sort of man ; the whole world gives him 
 a great character. I am very fond of him, I do think he will 
 make her prodigious happy. I suppose he likes her extremely, 
 or he is the best of actors, and her ladyship is far from disliking 
 him. She has not certainty enough of being a co [untess] to tempt 
 prodigiously, nor do I design to aim at makeing her father settle, but 
 to give as much as I do in present, which is ten thousand pound 
 down, or else they to live with me, which I had much rather they 
 should do. Now don't you think I shall have a hard matter to 
 compass, but the Countess has promised to go and keep my back 
 hand, and all my tribe of brethren are to support me. Perhaps you 
 may think one of his Lordship's views on her is great things from 
 me at my death, but that, I believe, they are satisfied will not 
 happen, for I have told them both so, over and over. His brother 
 Sid [ney] has so much disliked this ill match for his brother that 
 upon the appearance of Yere's following her, Sid. has forebore my 
 house a great while, and I believe if I can guess right has used 
 all his rhetorick to persuade him against throwing himself away 
 so. I believe you will wonder at me for giving in to it, but indeed 
 I think, barring present circumstances, I never yet saw any man 
 that I liked so well for her, and I verily believe she never saw a 
 man she liked so well for herself. By Saturday's post I believe I 
 shall be able to give you a fuller account. God bless you. My 
 very best respects to the Dutchess. 
 
 ''1733-4, Feb. 22. — Since I writ this the Countess and I took a 
 sudden resolution of going yesterday, and so we did, but there was 
 no moving the old villain, he would not hear ont, but I am pretty 
 
 * Of Suffolk. 
 
 f Lord Vere Beauclerk, created Lord Vere. 
 J Miss Chamber, whom' he afterwards married. 
 
159 
 
 confident that's only to save his money. So what will become 
 ont I dont know, for I never saw two such miserable people as 
 was waiting for me against I came home. She talks of breaking 
 off with him, but I dont much believe her. I'll send you 
 more of this by Mr. Lloyd, but Champney is now agoing, so I 
 must have done." 
 
 Dean Swift to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1734 [-5], Jan. 14. Dublin. — "I am well assured that your 
 Grace will soon receive severall representations of an affair relating 
 to the University here from some very considerable persons. 
 . However, I could not refuse the application made to me by a very 
 worthy gentleman, who is a Fellow of the College and com- 
 missioned by some principal members of the Body to desire my 
 poor good offices to your Grace, because they believed you thought 
 me an honest man and because they heard I had the honor to be 
 known to you from your early youth. The matter of their 
 request related wholly to a dreadfull apprehension they lye under 
 of Doctor Whitcomb's endeavor to procure a dispensation for 
 holding his Fellowship together with that Church preferment 
 bestowed on him by your Grace. The person sent to me on this 
 message gave me a written paper containing reasons wiry the[y] 
 hope your Grace will not be prevayled upon to grant such a 
 dispensation. I presume to send you as short an extract as I 
 can of those reasons, because I may boldly assure your Grace 
 that party or faction have not the least concern in the whole 
 affair. And, as to myself, I am an entire stranger to the Doctor. 
 
 " It is asserted that this preferment given to the Doctor con- 
 sists of a very large parish in a very fine country, thirty miles 
 from Dublin; that it abounds very much with Papists and is 
 consequently a most important cure, requiring the rector's 
 residence, and perhaps that of some assistant, which it can well 
 afford, being worth near six hundred pounds a year. 
 
 " That, as to such dispensations, they find in their college 
 books but three or four instances since the Revolution, and these 
 in cases very different from the present. For those few livings 
 which obtained dispensations to be held with a Fellowship were 
 sinecures of small value, not sufficient to induce a Fellow to leave 
 his colledge, and in the body of those dispensations it is inserted 
 as a reason for granting them, that they were such livings as 
 could be no hindrance in the discharge of their duty as a 
 Fellow. 
 
 " That dispensations are very hurtfull to such a society, 
 because they put a stop to the succession of Fellowships, and 
 thereby give a check to that emulation, industry, and desire of 
 improvement in learning which the hopes of obtaining a Fellow- 
 ship will probably incite men to. 
 
 " That if the dispensation now attempted should take place, it 
 may be used as a precedent for the like practice hereafter, which 
 will be very injurious to the society by encouraging Fellows to 
 
160 
 
 apply for such dispensations when they have interest to get pre- 
 ferment, by which the senior Fellows will be settled in the 
 colledge for life. And thus for want of succession by any other 
 way than death or marriage, all encouragements to the young 
 and most deserving students will be wholly lost. 
 
 " That a junior Fellowship is of very small value, and to obtain 
 it requires long and close study, to which young students are 
 onely encouraged by hopes of succeeding in a reasonable time to 
 be one of the seven seniors, which hopes will be quite cut off when 
 those seniors are perpetuated by dispensations. 
 
 " That the Fellows at their admittance into their Fellowships 
 take a solemn oath never to accept of any Church preferment 
 above a certain value and distance from Dublin as long as they 
 continue Fellows, to which oath the accepting a dispensation by . 
 Doctor Whitcomb is directly contrary in both particulars of value 
 and distance. 
 
 " That at this time there is a set of very hopefull young men 
 who have been in long and close study to stand for the first 
 vacant Fellowship, who will be altogether discouraged and drop 
 their endeavors in pursuit of learning by being disappointed in 
 their hopes of Doctor Whitcomb' s leaving the college, and 
 opening a way for one of them to succeed in a Fellowship. 
 
 "I shall onely trouble your Grace with a few remarks of my 
 own upon this subject. 
 
 " You will please, my Lord, to know that a Fellowship in this 
 University differs much in some very important circumstances 
 from most of those in Oxford and Cambridge. My Lord George 
 [Sackville] will tell your Grace that a Fellowship here is. got 
 with much difficulty, by the strict examination they undergo in 
 almost every branch of learning, to which must added the 
 reputation of regularity in their conduct. It is also disposed of 
 with much solemnity. For the examiners and all the senior 
 Fellows take an oath at the altar to dispose of the vacant Fellow- 
 ship to the person whom they think deserves it best. 
 
 " I must here by the way take notice that not onely the 
 University but even the whole kingdom are full of acknowledg- 
 ments for the honor your Grace hath done them in trusting the 
 care of educating one of your sons to Dublin College, which 
 hopes to continue always under your Grace's favor and 
 protection. 
 
 " This University is patron of some Church preferments which 
 are offered to the severall Fellows according to their seniority, 
 and so downwards to the lowest of them in holy orders. 
 
 " I desire your Grace further to consider that, by the want of 
 trade here, there is no encouragement for gentlemen to breed their 
 sons to merchandise; that not many great employments in Church 
 or Law or the Kevenue fall to the share of persons born in 
 Ireland ; and consequently that the last resource of younger 
 brothers is to the Church, where, if well befriended, they may 
 possibly rise to some reasonable maintenance. 
 
 " Your Grace will not want opportunity s during your 
 continuance in this Government, or afterwards by the favor you 
 
161 
 
 have with his Majesty, to make Doctor Whitcomb easyer in his pre- 
 ferment by some addition, and in such a manner that no person or 
 society can have the least pretence to complain of. And therefore 
 I humbly beg your Grace, out of the high veneration I bear to your 
 person and virtues, that you will please to let Doctor Whitcomb con- 
 tent himself a while with that rich preferment (one of the best of 
 the kingdom) till it shall lye in your way further to promote him 
 to his own content. If upon admittance to his Fellowship he took 
 the usuall oath never to accept a Church living but with the two 
 usuall limitations of distance and value, to hold with his 
 Fellowship, it will be thought hardly reconcileable to accept a 
 dispensation where the case is so vastly different. 
 
 "I humbly intreat your Grace to pardon this long trouble I 
 have given you, wherein I have no sort of interest except that 
 which proceeds from an earnest desire that you may continue as 
 you began from your youth, without incurring the least censure 
 from the world or giving the least cause of discontent to any 
 deserving person." 
 
 Postscript. — "I desire to present my most humble respects to 
 my Lady Dutchess. Being loth to give your Grace further trouble 
 I desire you will command my Lady E. Germain to let me know 
 that you do not disapprove of this letter." 
 
 Dean Swift to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1734 [-5] , March 22. Dublin. — "Your Grace must please to 
 remember that I carryed you to see a Comedy of Terence acted 
 by the scholars of Doctor Sheridan, with which performance you 
 were very well pleased. The Doctor is the most learned person 
 I know in this kingdom, and the best schoolmaster here in the 
 memory of man, having an excellent tast in all parts of 
 literature. I prevayled on my Lord Carteret to make him one 
 of his chaplains and to bestow him a good living, which the 
 Doctor afterwards exchanged for another about seven miles 
 from Dublin. But his health impairing by the air of this town, 
 and being invited by the gentlemen of the county of Cavan to 
 accept the Free School of Cavan, which is endowed equall to his 
 living, and he being born in the county, the present schoolmaster, 
 one Mr. Knowles, is desirous to change his school for the Doctor's 
 living of much the same value, called Dunboyn, in your Grace's 
 gift. This affair hath been so long managing that it was in 
 agitation before you left us, and I begged your consent for the 
 change, which, as a very reasonable request, not crossing any 
 measures of your Grace, you were pleased to grant. All things 
 have been long agreed, the Bishop of Kilmore (Hort) hath writ to 
 you upon it. So your Lords Justices have done for some months 
 past, but being a thing of no great consequence to the publick 
 state of the kingdom your secretaires have forgot it. In the 
 meantime the poor Doctor hath given up his school in town, to 
 his great loss, and hath parted with his house, continuing in 
 
 21250 
 
 L 
 
162 
 
 uneasyness and suspence till your letter comes. Therefore I 
 humbly beg you will please to order one of your secretaires 
 immediatly to send the letter that will impower the Doctor and 
 Knowles the schoolmaster to exchange stations. My letter is 
 the worst part of the matter, because it will cost you three 
 minutes to read, but the request is short and reasonable. I writ 
 some days ago to my Lady E. Germain on the same purpose, but 
 it is possible her Ladyship might forget, which your Grace to my 
 knowledge is not capable of." 
 
 Dean Swift to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1735, April 15. Dublin. — "Your Grace must remember that 
 some days before you left us I commanded you to attend me to 
 Doctor Delany's house, about a mile out of this town, where you 
 were to find Doctor Helsham the physician. I told you they 
 were the two worthyest gentlemen in this kingdom in their several 
 facultyes. You were pleased to comply with me, called at the 
 Deanry and carryed me thither, where you dined with apparent 
 satisfaction. Now, this same Doctor Helsham hath ordred me 
 to write to your Grace in behalf of one Alderman Aldrich, who is 
 Master of the Dublin Barrack, and is as high a Whig and more at 
 your devotion than I could perhaps wish him to be. And yet he 
 is a very honest gentleman, and, what is more important, a near 
 relation of the Grattans, who in your Grace's absence are 
 Governors of all Ireland, and your Vicegerents when you are 
 here, as I have often told you. They consist of an Alderman, 
 whom you are to find Lord Mayor at Michaelmas next; of a 
 doctor who kills or cures half the city ; of two parsons, my 
 subjects as prebendaryes, who rule the other half, and of a vagrant 
 brother who governs the North. They are all brethren, and your 
 army of twelve thousand soldiers are not able to stand against 
 them. Now, your Grace is to understand that these Grattans 
 will stickle to death for all their cousins to the five and 
 fiftieth degree ; and consequently this same Alderman Aldrich 
 being onely removed two degrees of kindred, and having a son as 
 great a Whig as the father, hath prevayled with Doctor Helsham 
 to make me write to your Grace, that the son of such a father 
 may have the Mastership of a barrack at Kinsale, which is just 
 vacant. His name is Michael Aldrich. Both your Grace and I 
 love the name for the sake of Doctor Aldrich, Dean of Christ- 
 Church [Oxford] , although I am afraid he was a piece of a Tory. 
 You will have severall requests this post with the same request, 
 perhaps for different persons, but you are to observe onely mine, 
 because it will come three minutes before any other. I think this 
 is the third request I have made to your Grace. You have granted 
 the two first and therefore must grant the third. For when I 
 knew Courts, those who had received a dozen favors were utterly 
 disobliged if they were denyed the thirteenth. Besides, if this be 
 not granted the Grattans will rise in rebellion, which I tremble to 
 think of. 
 
163 
 
 "My Lady Eliz. Germain uses me very ill in her letters. I 
 want a present from her, and desire you will please to order that 
 it may be a seal. Mine are too small for the fashion, and I 
 would have a large one, worth fourty shillings at least, I had a 
 letter from her two days ago, and design to acknowledge it soon ; 
 but business must first be dispatched, I mean the request I have 
 made to your Grace, that the young Whig may have the barrack 
 of Kinsale worth 601. or 70Z. a year. I should be very angry as 
 well as sorry if your Grace would think I am capable of deceiving 
 you in any circumstance. 
 
 " I hope and pray that my Lady Dutchess may recover health at 
 the Bath, and that we may see her Grace perfectly recovered 
 when you come over. And pray God preserve you and your most 
 noble family in health and happiness." 
 
 The Duke of Newcastle to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1735, Nov. 27. Whitehall. — Enclosing a copy of the pre- 
 liminary articles agreed upon between the Emperor and France, 
 which had been communicated to Lord Waldegrave and Mr. 
 Robinson. 
 
 Dean Swift to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1735, Dec. 30. Deanry House. — " Your Grace fairly owes me 
 110L a year in the Church, which I thus prove. I desired you 
 would bestow a preferment of 1501. per annum on a certain 
 clergyman. Your answer was that I asked modestly ; that you 
 would not promise, but would grant my request. However, that 
 clergyman, for want of good intelligence, or (as the cant-word is 
 here) being not an expert King-fisher, was forced to take up with 
 40£. a year, and I shall never trouble your Grace any more in his 
 behalf. But, however, by plain arithmetick it appears that 110/. 
 remain. And this arrear I have assigned to one Mr. John 
 Jackson, no less than a cousin german of the Grattans. He is 
 Vicar of Santry, hath a small estate near it, with two sons and as 
 many daughters, all grown up. This gentleman hath layn severall 
 years as a weight upon me, which I voluntarily took up on account 
 of his virtue, piety, good sense, good nature, and modesty almost 
 to a fault. Your Grace is now disposing the debris of two - 
 bishopricks, among which is the Deanry of Ferns, worth between 
 SOI. and 100Z. a year, which will make Mr. Jackson easyer, who 
 besides his other good qualityes, is as loyal as you could wish. I 
 'cannot but think that your Grace, to whom God hath given every 
 amiable as well as usef ull talent, and in so great a measure, is bound 
 when you have satisfyed all the expectations of those who have 
 most power in your club, to do something at the request of others 
 who love you better, and meerly upon your own account, without 
 expecting anything for themselves. I have Ventured once or 
 twice (at most) to drop hints in favor of some very deserving 
 gentlemen, who I was assured had been recommended to you by 
 
164 
 
 persons of weight. But I easily found by your generall answers 
 that, although I have been an old courtier, you knew how to 
 silence me by changing the subject, which made me reflect that 
 courtiers resemble gamesters, the latter finding new arts unknown 
 to the older. And I well remember a principal old gamester who 
 assured me that he had lost 14,000/. since he left off play, meerly 
 by dabling with younger proficients who had found out new 
 refinements. 
 
 " My Lord, I will, as a Divine, quote Scripture. Although the 
 children's meat must not be given to dogs, yet the dogs eat the 
 scraps that fall from the children's tables. This is the second (sic) 
 request I ever directly made your Grace. Mr. Jackson is under 
 a necessity of living on his small estate, part whereof is in his 
 parish about four miles from hence, where he hath built a family- 
 house, more expensive than he intended. He is a clergyman of 
 long standing and of a most unblemished character. But the 
 misfortune is that he hath not one enemy, and consequently I 
 have none to appeal to for the truth of what I say. 
 
 "Pray, my Lord, be not allarmed at the word Deanry, nor 
 imagine it a dignity like those we have in England. For, except 
 three or four, the rest have neither power nor land as Deans and 
 Chapters. It is usually a living made up of one or more 
 parishes, some very poor, others better endowed, but all in tythes. 
 Mr. Jackson cannot leave his present scituation and onely desires 
 some very moderate addition, consistent with what he holds. 
 
 "My Lord, I do not deceive your Grace when I say you will 
 oblige great numbers of those who are most in your esteem here 
 by conferring this favour, or any other that will answer the same 
 end. 
 
 " Multa veniet manus auxilio qua3 
 
 Sit mihi, (nam multo plures sumus) ac veluti te 
 Judasi cogemus in hanc decedere turbam. 
 "I should have waited on your Grace, and should have taken 
 the priviledge of staying my usuail thirteen minutes if I had not 
 been prevented by the return of an old disorder in my head, for 
 which I have been forced to confine myself to the precepts of my 
 physicians." 
 
 Dean Swift to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1736, May 5. "Deanry-House." — "Although your Grace be 
 very soon to leave us, and that considering my years and 
 infirmityes, I cannot reasonably expect ever to see you again, yet, 
 since you have many preferments in the Church to dispose of, 
 which it is understood will be done before your departure, I can- 
 not but insist that you will please to think on Mr. Marmaduke 
 Philips, who is the son of a considerable gentleman some years 
 deceased, of a good estate, part whereof he made over in his life- 
 time to this son, but being an easy negligent man, careless in his 
 expences, prevailed upon Mr. Marmaduke to restore that bit of an 
 estate to pay some urgent debt, promising to give him a better, 
 
165 
 
 which he was never able to do; by which failure, Mr. Philips, who 
 was a younger son, was left wholly unprovided for. He is a loyal 
 subject to King George, perfectly well educated and an ornament 
 to his profession. In his travels he had the good fortune to be 
 known to an eminent commander, my Lady Dutchess's father, on 
 which account I cannot but think he hath some title to your 
 Grace's favor, having been recommended by the same com- 
 mander, the effects whereof he hath not yet found, which was 
 neither your Grace's fault nor his own, but by the miserable 
 condition of this unfortunate kingdom. My Lord, I am very 
 sensible of my unhappyness in thinking differently from your 
 Grace both as to person and affairs, and at what distance you 
 thought fit to keep me whenever I offered to speak in favor of 
 any one who I thought deserved well. But whether I am to be 
 believed or no, I protest in the presence of God, that I never 
 moved anything to your Grace which I did not think would be for 
 your service, and acceptable to those whom you appear most to 
 value, and who have the greatest veneration for you. Considering 
 the honor I have possessed of being known to your Grace and to 
 many of your illustrious family from your early youth, I hope I 
 have not been too importunate or too frequent a sollicitor. To put 
 a great man in mind of rewarding virtue and merit is indeed not 
 often after the usuall course of proceeding ; and perhaps, by the 
 violence of factions, is less practiced at present than it hath been 
 for many years past. For I much doubt whether one representa- 
 tion of persons in a thousand to a Prince, a Viceroy, or a Prime 
 Minister, be not more to serve a scheme than to reward virtue, 
 learning, or good sense. Besides, my Lord, it is not onely 
 popularity, but strict justice in a chief governor here, to share 
 part of his favors among those English inhabitants who lye 
 under the misfortune of being born in this kingdom, if the latter 
 have equal merit, whereof your Grace, when you are truly 
 informed, will ever be a perfect judge and a true esteemer. 
 
 " Mr. Philips is at present in circumstances unworthy of his 
 birth, his virtue, and his learning. His last request to me was 
 the meer result of his long despondency. It was to desire that 
 your Grace would please to put him out of suspence by letting him 
 lmow whether you had any favorable intentions towards him in 
 the distribution of those Church preferments now in your gift, 
 because he is much more uneasy under his present uncertainty 
 than he could be by any determination. 
 
 " I have not the least intention of putting your Grace to the 
 trouble of any answer to this letter, but leave the affair entirely 
 in your own breast." 
 
 Dean Swift to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1736, Oct. 14. "Deanry House, Dublin."— " In a former 
 letter to your Grace I taxed you with a debt of 110/. a year in 
 Church livings, being by arithmetick an arrear of 150/. a year 
 
 * General Colyear. 
 
166 
 
 which your Grace was pleased to promise me for a friend, and of 
 which I onely received 401. a year. I often did myself the honor 
 of being so bold (which is no great honor) of telling you that a 
 very worthy clergyman had been long a weight upon my 
 shoulders to get him some addition, and that his circumstances 
 were such that the addition I desired must consist with the small 
 preferment he hath already. There is now a prebendary vacant 
 which will answer my wish. One Mr. Williamson dyed about 36 
 hours ago. He was Treasurer of Christ- Church in Dublin. The 
 place is worth between ninety and a hundred pounds a year and 
 no more. The person whom I desire may have it is Mr. John Jack- 
 son, minister of Santry, three miles from Dublin, and a relation of 
 the Grattans. He hath been often and earnestly recommended 
 by me to your Grace, and your answers have been favorable. I 
 have added severall times that you would by such a favor oblige 
 this whole city and the most honest gentlemen in the kingdom, 
 and I hope such a consideration will have weight with you. I do 
 therefore hope and expect that your Grace will by the next post 
 send an order to have a patent made out for Mr. John Jackson, 
 Vicar of Santry, or Rector (whichever he be) to confer on him 
 the Treasurership of Christ-Church, Dublin ; and at the same 
 time (which is now near the twentyeth) that my chief regard is to 
 your Grace's honor, that you will reward a most deserving gentle- 
 man of this kingdom who had the misfortune to be born in it, with 
 one mark of your favour. Otherwise I shall think it very hard, 
 that as I am of some station and perhaps of some little distinction, 
 besides the honor of being so long known to your Grace and 
 family, I could never have the least power of prevayling on you to 
 reward merit, for which no party will repine." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1737, Oct. 6. Dublin. — Announces his arrival in Dublin on 
 the 5th ; waited next morning on the Duke of Devonshire and 
 was graciously received. " I think as yet he does not look the 
 worse for his drinking ; he has almost killed his aids-de-camps 
 already, and I am afraid that Gardiner will be much the worse 
 for this winter's work. The coinage has made a great rout here 
 and the Dean [Swift] has shewn himself more mad and absurd 
 than ever. The poor Primate has been greatly threatened by 
 anonymous letters, so that he has been obliged to have a corporal 
 and six men lye in his house every night for this month past to 
 secure him from any insult. The other day at the Lord Mayor's 
 feast the Dean before all the company talked against low [e] ring 
 the gold, and told the Primate that had it not been for him he 
 would have been torn to pieces by the mob, and that if he held 
 up his finger he could make them do it that instant. . . The 
 people at Cork are still more outrageous. They have sent to 
 their members to desire they would oppose the giving the 
 
 * Suooessor to the Duke of Dorset as Lord Lieutenant. 
 
167 
 
 necessary supplys till the King should think fit to recall his 
 proclamation, which is so prejudicial to the trade and welfare of 
 this kingdom. We expect a petition from thence to the House of 
 Commons to desire they would interpose and get their money put 
 upon the old footing. . . . My Lord Lieutenant's speech is 
 very well lik'd; he spoke it so low that few people could hear it." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1737, Oct. 20. Duhlin. — Wainwright has been very well 
 received at the Castle. The Duke one day at his Levee passed 
 through the crowd to tell him that the Duke of Newcastle sent 
 his compliments to him. The Bishop of Derry does all he can to 
 make the Primate his friend. " The Cork petition was presented 
 to the House last Tuesday and the consideration of it deferr'd till 
 next Wednesday. Mr. Cary's friends and all those that think 
 the lowering of the gold absolutely necessary complain terribly 
 that the petition was not at once rejected, for they say giving it 
 a day is doing it a great deal too much honor. They are 
 certainly in the right, and a great majority of the House thought 
 so, but the Speaker was in an ugly situation between the Castle 
 and his Cork interest, so that he artfully made the Duke believe 
 that the favourers of the petition were much stronger than they 
 really were, and promised that if a little time was given him, that 
 he would so soften and bring people to a more moderate way of 
 thinking that he should be able to have it dropt. On the other 
 side he may tell his friends in Cork that if he had not stood 
 between them and the Castle, that their petition would not have 
 been received, but rejected with scorn and indignation. So that 
 by this means he thinks to oblige both sides. . . . My Lord 
 Lieutenant dined yesterday at Howth, and tho' he came away 
 at six a clock contrived to be as drunk as any of his predecessors 
 have been at that place." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1737, Oct. 27. Dublin. — The petitions against the lowering 
 of the gold were considered yesterday in the House. They first 
 proposed a Committee, and when that was negatived by 108 to 
 55, Stannard moved for a resolution that the lowering was 
 prejudicial to the trade of the country. This was % rejected by 111 
 to 40, and Carter proposed that the further consideration of the 
 petitions should be postponed to the 1st of October [1738] t which 
 was carried by 118 to 30. " The chief speakers on the side of 
 the minority were Stannard, Sir Eichard Cox (who abus'd the 
 Privy Council very grossly), Mr. Morgan, Mr. Maloun. On the 
 other side, the Sollicitor-General, Mr. Cope, Mr. Coote, Mr. Cuff 
 and Mr. Hill." 
 
 * Henry Boyle, afterwards Earl of Shannon, 
 f See Commons 1 Journals, Ireland, iv., 238. 
 
168 
 
 Lord George Sackville to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1737, Nov. 11. Dublin. — I was yesterday sworn at the Privy 
 Council. The Committee of Accounts is just over, on which 
 the opposition has been very strong. " This has been by 
 much the most troublesome session I remember. If they go on 
 at this rate the Duke of D [evonshire] will be soon tired of his 
 employment. . . . The Boyne-Club met as usual at the 
 Tholsel on the 4th of November. The Duke staid but a very 
 little while with them. After he was gone and a great deal of the 
 company, the bumpers went about very fast, and those that were 
 left grew very drunk. Cunningham stood up and in a great 
 bumper drank the Duke of Devonshire's health, and said, thank 
 God we have now a Lord Lieutenant that will keep his word and 
 will do no jobs. Young Allen answered that he hoped he would at 
 least except the last, for he was sure he was incapable of doing 
 either. He said that by God they were all alike, and that the 
 last was no better than the rest, upon which Allen told him he 
 lyed. Then swords were drawn, and the company interposed and 
 the quarrel was made up. Two days after Brigadier Bowles came 
 to me with an apology from Cunningham, and till then I had 
 heard nothing of the affair. He excused himself by saying he was 
 drunk and knew nothing that he had said or done." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1737, Nov. 20. Dublin. — "The Queen's illness is a great 
 shock to everybody here, and we wait with the utmost impatience 
 for an easterly wind to hear of her recovery or death, for from 
 the accounts we have had we have reason to fear the worst. . . . 
 The business of Parliament is now pretty well over. The Money 
 Bill goes off next Tuesday. The Opposition has triumphed this 
 session, and ended with a resolution that the overdrawings on the 
 head of Barracks, Concordatum, and Military Contingencys were 
 a great cause of the debt of the nation and tended to the 
 impoverishment of the kingdom. The Attorney and Sollicitor 
 General and other friends to the Castle opposed it, but upon the 
 division, they were so weak that they dared not tell. The 
 Speaker has behaved all along with great indifference, and I 
 believe was pleased with what was done. . . . There was no 
 notice taken here of the Princesses birthday." 
 
 Khyming Epistle. 
 Undated. — Written at Enshigore, in Ireland, and in winter, to 
 a friend, who dined at the Green Cloth. 
 Begins : 
 
 "Your letter, Jemmy, full of wit," 
 
 Ends : 
 
 "But I beneath the Pole or Line, 
 Shall be, dear Jimmy, ever thine. 
 
 With a fa la la." 
 One verse begins, " Your old friend Jonathan is dead." If this 
 is Swift, the date would be the winter of 1745. 
 
169 
 
 VII. — IRELAND, 1750-1756. 
 
 Lord Chesterfield to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 [1750, December?] — " I endeavoured yesterday to have the 
 honour of making my compliments to your Grace upon your 
 return to a situation which I suppose you liked, and in which I 
 am sure you were liked. . . . Your Grace is well enough 
 acquainted with your present and my former subjects to imagine 
 all the industry and vigour of their sollicitations. I have within 
 this fortnight received a hundred, in the intention that I should 
 trouble you with them, which I have fairly told them that I will 
 not do. But . . . your Grace will I am sure forgive me if I 
 most earnestly apply to you in favour of one or two people who, 
 in my opinion, have just claims to whatever I can do to serve 
 them, and that I believe your Grace will allow to be the case 
 of a Lord Lieutenant's pages. 
 
 " Mr. Mason, nephew to Lord Molesworth, was one of mine. 
 I had an opportunity of doing well for him by making him a 
 cornet in his uncle's regiment. I only mean therefore by this 
 . to recommend him to your general protection. 
 
 " Richard Bailey, a gentleman of an extreme good Derbyshire 
 family, was another of my pages, and a very pretty young fellow, 
 I made him a lieutenant in an additional company in Otway's. 
 which being soon broke, he was soon reduced to half pay. . . . 
 I at last obtained leave for him to buy a lieutenancy in Lee's, 
 where he is at present. I only recommend him to your Grace 
 as a plant of mine which, at a proper time, I hope you will 
 transplant into some better place. 
 
 " But I come now to a most humble and earnest request to 
 your Grace, the case being extremely compassionate. It is in 
 favour of William Heathcote, my third page, now a half-pay 
 lieutenant. He is a younger brother of a Derbyshire gentleman 
 of a very good family and a tolerable estate, but encumbered 
 with nine or ten brothers and sisters, insomuch that I do not 
 believe his share comes to ten pounds. I made him a lieutenant 
 in one of the new raised company s, which were soon after broke. 
 . . . While he was in commission, he applied himself 
 extremely to his business, was very sober and diligent, without 
 being dull. And I will answer for him that he will not make 
 your Grace either ashamed or repent of any favour you may be 
 pleased to show him. 
 
 " Isaac Bicker staffe, whose family was known to your Grace at 
 Dublin, and particularly to Mr. Bayle, was my fourth page. He 
 is now a second lieutenant, and I beg leave only to recommend 
 him to your general protection. 
 
 " Your Grace will further forgive my sending you the enclosed 
 letter from Capt. Cane, who was gentleman-usher to Lady 
 Chesterfield, and is really a very pretty fellow. ... I only 
 trouble your Grace with his letter to give me an opportunity of 
 doing justice to his character, which I really think is the best I 
 know in all Ireland of people of this rank. 
 
170 
 
 " By the number of names I have mentioned, your Grace may 
 probably at first think my requests very numerous, and con- 
 sequently very impertinent, but I must beg that you will observe 
 that in truth they are reducible to one single one . . . and 
 your favour to him will be laying the greatest obligation upon 
 your Grace's most humble and most obedient servant." 
 
 Lord Chief Baron Bowes to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1750, Dec. 15. Dublin. — Congratulating him on the appoint- 
 ment of the Duke of Dorset as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and 
 urging the repeal of the old laws (the latest of which is of Hen. 
 7th's reign) prohibiting the export of English coin to Ireland, 
 which were framed when commerce was not understood, and 
 have always been questioned in point of general policy. Encloses 
 a dissertation on the state of the coin in Ireland. 
 
 King George II. to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1750, December 24. — Instructions for the Duke of Dorset, 
 Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Signed and sealed. 
 
 The Primate* to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1751, May 18. " From your lodgings at the Castle."— The 
 Provost and fellows will immediately proceed to the election of 
 his Boyal Highness. The wines sent for the Lord Lieutenant are 
 not what could be wished. " I have tasted all the different wines 
 and find to my great concern that there is nothing but the claret 
 which can be made to answer any purpose. Of the two sorts of 
 champagne, that sealed with yellow wax might go off at balls, if 
 there were a better kind for select meetings. The red wax is too 
 bad for an election dinner at Dover. The four parcels of 
 Burgundy are almost equally bad. If there is any difference, that 
 sealed with black wax and falsely and impudently called Vin de 
 Beaune is the worst, and is indeed as bad, as the worst tavern 
 could afford ; but I am sure that no person will ever drink a 
 second glass of either. I know how unhappy his Grace and you 
 would be to see the tables so provided. What can be done I know 
 not. You have been most scandalously abused, but I doubt his 
 Grace will not think that a sufficient excuse for bad entertainment 
 through a whole winter. The claret called Chateau Margoux is 
 excellently good ; the La Tour very good ; but the smallness of 
 the bottles (though a trifling circumstance compared with the 
 others) is so remarkable that I am very apt to conclude the whole 
 business has been dishonestly transacted, and I am confident that 
 not a drop of the wine so called was ever in the province of 
 Burgundy. The melancholy operation of tasting was performed 
 
 * Dr. George Stone, Archbishop of Armagh, who was at this time one of the Lords 
 Justices. 
 
171 
 
 at my house yesterday. General Bragge, and eight or nine more, 
 the most nearly related to the family, were present and agree to 
 this sentence in the utmost extent. To prevent as far as I 
 could any fancy or prejudice, I slipt in a bottle of my own 
 Burgundy, and they all cried out, ' This will do.' I would not 
 have you persuaded that the fault is from want of keeping or 
 from having been disturbed in the passage. If I have any know- 
 ledge, the wine is fundamentally bad. It is a vile infamous 
 mixture and never can be better. The only security against its 
 growing worse is that there is hardly room for it." Relates the 
 proceeding in a Court Martial sitting upon a complaint of 
 Lieut.-Col. Pearce of Irwin's against Lieut. Vanziel and others. 
 Before they had finished, the 25th of March arrived, the Mutiny 
 Act expired, and the court had to be called afresh. 
 
 The Primate to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1751, May 20. Dublin. — I am glad to find that the affair of 
 the Chancellorship is not attended with any dissatisfaction. The 
 Duke of Dorset has received a compliment already " which (how 
 insignificant soever in itself) would not have been made to any 
 other Lord Lieutenant, and he remains less bound to the 
 individuals of the body than if he were actually their Chancellor. 
 I hope you will be so good as to see that my last letter to the 
 Duke upon that subject is destroyed. If my going out of town 
 should delay the transmitting of any paper from the college for a 
 few days, I presume there is no great harm done." As to the 
 question of the currency, two things are necessary for settling it. 
 The first is the liberty of importing English money ; this is cer- 
 tainly done notwithstanding the prohibition, but as it cannot be 
 done avowedly, the public offices are out of the question, and the 
 traffic remains only in the hands of private bankers, who do it 
 only at their own time and on their own terms, and will both 
 declare and make a scarcity just as it suits their conveniency. The 
 next thing is permission from the King to recall the proclamations 
 giving currency to foreign money. The Speaker's letter is a sure 
 indication of good humour. " I had a long discourse with him 
 on his leaving town which seemed satisfactory to us both, and 
 his letter to you is a proof of it." Cuningham's conduct and 
 manners are thoroughly satisfactory. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Thomas Waite. 
 
 1751, May 24. Whitehall.— Concerning the state of the coin 
 in Ireland. In consequence of a letter which the Lords Justices 
 wrote to the Lord Lieutenant dated the 6th of May, the question 
 was taken seriously into consideration by his Majesty's principal 
 servants " and they were unanimously of opinion that the 
 prevalency of the Spanish coin required some immediate remedy. 
 His Grace proposed the repealing those laws which prevented 
 the exportation of English money as far as related to Ireland, and 
 
172 
 
 after a long deliberation it was agreed that if the chief officers of the 
 Mint and the Directors of the Bank would not oppose that measure 
 it would be right to undertake it this session of Parliament. 
 The officers of the Mint had no objection, but the Directors of the 
 Bank unanimously resolved that it would be a prejudice to Great 
 Britain, as it might lessen the current specie of the kingdom and 
 might be the means of encouraging that evil practice of clipping 
 and. washing the gold coin in Ireland if there was a free inter- 
 course of money between the two kingdoms. Whether these 
 objections are ill or well grounded is not material to the present 
 purpose, as it is impossible so late in a session of Parliament to 
 undertake the making of any alteration in an affair of this 
 importance without the consent, or at least the acquiescence, of 
 so considerable a body as the Directors of the Bank of England." 
 The Lords Justices are therefore recommended by the Lord 
 Lieutenant to devise, in consultation with the Privy Council, 
 some scheme which in their opinion would tend to the relieving 
 of her Majesty's subjects in Ireland from a grievance which is 
 not only detrimental to the trade and manufactures of the 
 kingdom, but if continued may be productive of the most fatal 
 consequences. Copy. 
 
 The Primate to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1751, May 25. Dublin. — Chiefly upon the questions of the 
 currency and the barracks. Thinks that Mr. Petty will not be 
 refused a title to which he has just pretentions by his family and 
 fortune, and hopes he will have a due sense of the favour, but 
 would be loth to be sponsor for him. The Loftuses have asked 
 about it once or twice, not in the least impertinently, but because 
 a county election is coming on. There is to be a big meeting at 
 Wexford at the end of June, and they would like them to be able 
 to speak with certainty. The court martial in Irwin's is still 
 going on. Major Pearce seems in a bad temper, and there are 
 fresh accusations and arrests every day. If the court sits a week 
 longer, believes that the whole regiment will be prisoners. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 Same date. Evening. — Since I made up my letter, yours has 
 come in. "I cannot let a post go by without applauding and 
 congratulating you upon the great progress already made in 
 the affair of the coin. I shall be best pleased if the repeal of 
 the prohibition should be first made particularly to Ireland, for 
 it will then appear more strongly in the light of a benefit obtained 
 by the pure weight of my Lord Lieutenant." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1751, June 13. Dublin. — Requesting that the Lord Lieutenant 
 would promote Captain Robert Cuningham, his aide-de-camp, [as 
 Lord Justice] as a public mark of his Grace's favour to himself. 
 
 * Created Viscount Fitzmaurice, Oct., 1751, and Earl of Shelburne, June, 1753. 
 
173 
 
 The Primate to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1751, July 2. Leixlip. — . . I am very glad that you are 
 upon so right and good terms with H.K.H. the Duke . . . 
 but of all the things mentioned in your last letter I am the most 
 delighted with your proposal of Lord Rothes. I have lived in 
 fear of Bland these six months. Rothes is, in nry opinion, 
 without any exception, the best man that could be had. . . . 
 I expect Col. Waldegrave to dinner. ... To tell you the 
 truth, the Colonel does not shine upon new ground, and as the 
 ideas and language of White's (in which I conclude him 
 supreme), are not current here, he seems entirely devoid of any 
 other, so that, in the eyes of us unpolished people, he appears 
 rather simple and ignorant. This is only the first impression, 
 and perhaps I am quite mistaken." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1751, July 6. Leixlip. — Concerning the steps taken by the 
 Lords Justices and the Privy Council in pursuance of the powers 
 conveyed to them in a letter from the Lord Lieutenant. Upon 
 the receipt of these powers the Lords Justices thought they could 
 no longer defer communicating them to the Council. After some 
 preliminaries the Primate read to the Lords of the Council Lord 
 G. Sackville's letter of the 24th of May. (See above.) " I cannot 
 express to you the satisfaction that appeared universally. It is 
 impossible for any transaction to have [been] carried on with 
 more success hitherto, or more credit to those concerned in it. 
 They have separately mentioned your letter of the 24th of May 
 to me as the best considered and the clearest letter of business 
 they had ever seen. Luke Gardiner said it was done like a man 
 who not only understood business but understood it in order to 
 do it, which was the great difference between men of business and 
 what they call men of parts, whom he detested. But as for this, 
 Sir Robert Walpole might have done it as well, but he defied him 
 to do it better. I shall not stop to tell you how much I enjoy 
 this applause, as it will be more to the purpose to go on in 
 acquainting you with our further proceedings. We all agreed 
 that it was necessary to take away the currency of all hammered 
 money entirely, as being the most inconvenient of all coin and 
 the most liable to frauds ; that this method was in every, respect 
 preferable to a gradual reduction, and even more equitable to 
 those who should now have many of these pieces in their hands. 
 For if a new currency was given below the present rate, it would 
 fix a value indiscrim [in] ately upon the good and bad, whereas 
 the total withdrawing of the proclamation will not affect their 
 real value and leave each piece to find its way upon its own 
 intrinsick merit. The next question was as to the time of doing 
 it, and we agreed that if the army could be subsisted for the 
 month of August (they having already received this month's sub- 
 sistence) in other money, there was no doubt that in that time a 
 supply might be had either of guineas, or, at worst, of Portugal 
 
174 
 
 milled pieces and moidors. The summer's fairs at home are 
 over, so that no harm can happen on that account ; the Bristol fair 
 just coming on, and may be a means of supplying us with proper 
 money ; and if this currency is to cease before that fair there will 
 be no danger of their bringing home any more of that coin among 
 us. Upon the whole we were unanimously of opinion (Gardiner 
 being rather more forward than any, and giving hints very 
 properly that the army should be taken care of) that this measure 
 ought to take place immediately. A proclamation is ordered to 
 be prepared. Lord Chancellor, the two Chief Justices, Prime 
 Serjeant, Attorney and Solicitor are preparing it, to be ready on 
 Monday, in case the fuller Council which we shall then have 
 shall be of the same opinion, so that on Tuesday it may probably 
 be done. There was the most entire and unanimous agreement 
 in this measure, which makes me hope it is right. My own 
 opinion is clearly for it, and I have hopes that the immediate 
 confusion will not be great. The consequences must be good. 
 You have very high merit to claim, and we are truly sensible 
 (I speak not of myself, but of others) of the advantages of a 
 Government which has already shewn so much weight and 
 influence and so much readiness to exert it in our support. This 
 may seem stiff language as coming from me, but I give it as the 
 sentiments of those I converse with. You may [be] assured that 
 things are as well as you could wish, and I have little doubt of 
 their continuing so." 
 
 The Pkimate to Loed George Sackville. 
 
 1751, July 9. Dublin. — " Yesterday we ordered a proclamation 
 to be issued (a copy of which will be enclosed with our letter to 
 my Lord Duke) for the withdrawing of the other proclamations 
 which gave currency to the Spanish pistoles. The measure was 
 universally approved, and the strongest expressions of gratitude 
 to my Lord Lieutenant for having obtained this power, without 
 which we should never have undertaken this step, nor should have 
 ventured to propose a scheme which was to wait a month before 
 it could be executed. In short, all is hitherto as well as could 
 be wished. Cunningham has just been to a goldsmith's to 
 change some odd pistoles which he had by him, and he tells me 
 that the shop was crowded with common people who came on the 
 same errand, and who parted with their pistoles at some loss, 
 with the utmost cheerfullness, and thanked God they were to have 
 no more of them. I hope we shall have no trouble. You will 
 observe that we have mentioned in the proclamation By his 
 Majesty's authority, signified by Ids Grace my Lord Lieutenant. 
 This was inserted not only to give more weight to the order, but 
 to prevent its appearing in the way of precedent that the 
 Governors and Council here took it upon them to make these 
 alterations without the King's speciall permission ; and that it 
 might appear publickly that we had his leave and authority. I 
 hope this precaution was right. 
 
175 
 
 " I have no objection to the Dutchess's expedition from Park 
 Gate. . . . Everything now draws very near. Am I to be 
 well used or kept at a distance ? Let me know beforehand, that 
 I may not raise my expectations too high." 
 
 The Peimate to Lord Geoege Sackville. 
 
 1751, July 11. Leixlip. — " The proclamation concerning the 
 pistoles is well received in the town of Dublin, and I have great 
 hopes that this great revolution will pass over without any con- 
 vulsion or disturbance. Some inconveniences must be expected 
 till a supply of other money can be had, but the people will sub- 
 mit to them with the more cheerfullness as they are assured that 
 the pistoles will go without a possibility of returning. The 
 governors of the Bank may possibly think that we shall now 
 attempt an extraordinary importation of English money, and may 
 use some means to prevent it. Would it be improper to desire 
 that some hint might be given to the Custom House officers at 
 Park Gate that no uncommon strictness on that point was 
 expected from them. This might be of great service, if proper to 
 be asked. I hope there will be no occasion for taking up the 
 consideration of making good the loss ; and it is certainly happier 
 to do without it. I wrote my thoughts on the supposition that 
 you might have that to throw in if the general distress had been 
 more heavy than we have now reason to hope it will prove." 
 
 Eight Honoueable H. Pelham to the Same. 
 
 1751, July 18. — "I am very much obliged to the Duke of 
 Dorset for the honour he does me in sending me the Lord 
 Justices' letter and the Proclamation of the Councill in Ireland for 
 taking away the currency of the Spanish pistoles. I don't doubt 
 but they are well founded in what they do, and from your Lord- 
 ship's letter I should hope no great inconvenience can happen 
 from it even to private people. Your Lordship knows it was 
 always my opinion that fixing a certain value arbitrarily upon 
 what was in its own nature liable to uncertainty was, in a trading 
 nation, absurd." 
 
 Loed Haedwicke to the Duke of Doeset. 
 
 1751, Aug. 15. Powis House. — Sends best wishes for the 
 prosperous success of the Duke's Administration in Ireland, which 
 he is sure will be conducted in the best manner for the honour 
 and service of his Majesty and the public. " I don't know 
 whether I may presume to repeat my request of borrowing the 
 late Queen's picture to be copied. If your Grace has no objection 
 to it, I should esteem it a particular favour if you would leave 
 orders to any servant at your house to let Mr. Hudson, the painter 
 in Queen's Street, have it when he calls for it ; or, if you don't 
 choose to have it carried out of the house I will endeavour to 
 prevail on him to copy it there. He has given me his promise to 
 take particular care of it." 
 
176 
 
 The Duke of Newcastle to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1751, September 9. Claremont. — Recommending Lieutenant 
 Edward Randal for promotion. 
 
 Lord G. Sackville to Mr. Pelham. 
 
 1751 [Oct. 8]. Dublin. — Enclosing a copy of the Lord 
 Lieutenant's speech delivered this day on the opening of 
 the Session of Parliament. Has consulted the King's principal 
 servants about the propriety of again signifying to the Commons 
 his Majesty's consent to applying the balance in the Treasury to 
 the reduction of the National debt, but they all think it better 
 that it should be given only from the throne. Draft. 
 
 Lord Holderness to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1751, Oct. 10. Whitehall. — Congratulating him on his safe 
 arrival in Dublin, where, the writer is persuaded, he was received 
 with unfeigned and grateful demonstrations of joy from a people 
 who have already known the happiness of living under his 
 Grace's command. Hopes soon to be able to send him word 
 that a closer alliance with the court of Vienna is completed. 
 
 Right Honourable H. Pelham to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1751, Oct. 11. — Thanks him for the copy of the Lord 
 Lieutenant's speech. Nothing can be better turned than the 
 paragraph which relates to the revenue, and the writer is of 
 opinion that there is not the least occasion for Lord George 
 to signify the King's consent in the House of Commons. 
 " I rather think the right of the Crown and his Majesty's 
 prerogative better preserved without it. The essential part 
 would be the directing the issue of the money by a King's 
 letter from hence, but that, I conclude, will not go down, when the 
 payments are directed by Act of Parliament, and I shall therefore 
 say nothing of it but to your Lordship." The sudden death of 
 the Prince of Orange surprized everybody and gave the King at 
 first great concern. Manufacturers and tradesmen are greatly 
 affected at this second long mourning, but the King has declared 
 that he will celebrate his birthday as soon as "the deep 
 mourning " is left off. This gives them some satisfaction. 
 
 Lord Holderness to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1751, Oct. 16. London. — In consequence of the death of the 
 Prince of Orange the writer has received the King's command to 
 go over to Holland. During his absence the Duke of Newcastle 
 will inform the Duke of Dorset of his Majesty's commands if 
 anything material should arise. 
 
177 
 
 The Duke of Newcastle to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1751, Oct. 18. Newcastle House. — Is glad to find by all the 
 accounts from Ireland that the Duke has been received with 
 universal satisfaction, and that he has the greatest reason to 
 think that everything will go to his mind in Parliament. The 
 death of the Prince of Orange has given the King a fresh occasion 
 of showing his greatness of mind and goodness of heart. 
 Appearances in Holland are good, but the French and Kepublican 
 party will be at work, and every attention must be given to 
 prevent ill effects, and to support the Princess Royal as Gowver- 
 nante to her son. 
 
 Everything at home remains pretty much as the Duke of 
 Dorset left it. " If anything, we rather mend. In one respect I 
 have the greatest comfort and satisfaction, for I am every day 
 more convinced of the sincere friendship and good offices upon 
 all occasions of a material person whom you and I honour and 
 respect with reason. I can't say so much of another quarter. I 
 can yet find no remains of the Veteris flammce. I had yesterday 
 a most gracious and confidential reception in the closet, which 
 was the first I had had alone for some time. We hear little of 
 the lively party of the Star and Garter. I never apprehended 
 much from thence." The writer goes on to beg two favours of 
 the Duke of Dorset. The first, that Mr. Proby should be made a 
 baron, and nothing more said to the King at present, but that the 
 Duke should promise to recommend him, upon his return from 
 Ireland, to be promoted to a viscount. The other, — on the 
 request of General Wale, the new Spanish ambassador — is to 
 find some office for Mr. Wate, " a lawyer in Ireland." 
 
 Lord Granville* to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1751, Oct. 19. Arlington Street.— Requesting that the Duke 
 of Dorset will give such promotion as he thinks proper to Corporal 
 Moses Cahil. Encloses certificate of the officers of the regiment 
 in which he serves ; says that General Ligonier has given him a 
 very good character, and adds, " I can do the same from what I 
 saw of him when he attended me in the campaign of 1743." 
 
 The Duke of Newcastle to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1751, Oct. 31. Newcastle House. — "I received on Monday 
 last the honour of your Grace's letter of the 15th, and immediately 
 laid your Grace's request in favour of Dr. Robinson before the 
 King, which his Majesty was pleased to grant, though the King 
 said at the same time ' all the bishopricks must not be given to 
 chaplains.' I hope, however, that will not put by poor Dr. 
 Garnet after Dr. Robinson has had such good fortune. I am 
 very glad your Grace is so well satisfied with him. I dare answer 
 for his behaviour in every respect. The King much approves 
 Lord Hillsborough's intention of proposing the heads of a bill 
 for prolonging the Parliament in Ireland." 
 
 * Formerly Lord Carteret ; he had now sucoeeded the Duke of Dorset as Lord 
 President of the Council. 
 
 21250 
 
 M 
 
178 
 
 Lord Holderness to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1751, Nov. 21. London. — According to Mr. Darner's account, 
 the Secretary of Ireland [Lord George Sackville] is the gayest 
 man not only in that kingdom but in all his Majesty's dominions, 
 except the Lord Lieutenant. Darner gives a pompous description 
 of the magnificence with which the birthday was celebrated at 
 Dublin, a proof how pleasing the present governor is to all ranks 
 of people there. The Duke will have great pleasure in hearing 
 that everything is so well and quietly settled in Holland. " The 
 young Prince's authority is fixed in every colledge of the Eepublick 
 with the same emoluments and powers that the late Prince of 
 Orange enjoyed, and the executive part is vested in the Princess 
 Royal, comme tutrice et Gouvernante during her son's minority 
 which determines at the age of eighteen. Voila pour le public, 
 mais en grande confidence je puis dire an Due de Dorset, qu'il y a 
 de certains conseillers de mauvaise augure que je voudrois Hen voir 
 cloignes. They found means to give H.R.H. so much jealousy of 
 the Commission I was charged with que fay etc regu comme un 
 cliien dans unjeu de quilles, so that I shortened my stay there as 
 much as possible. . . . Our Spanish business has taken a 
 new turn. The Court of Turin join heartily in the King's views, 
 and our friends at Vienna begin to open their eyes, but Carvajal 
 fears if the King was to be a party to the treaty, France would 
 ask to accede, and thereby defeat the intention of it ; but as the 
 Spanish ministry seem to act upon the principle of acting inde- 
 pendently, which is the chief point, the King seems indifferent in 
 what shape it is done and will wait the event." There is every 
 prospect of a quiet session of Parliament. 
 
 H. Pelham to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1751, Nov. 21. — The Lords of the Treasury ask for more 
 light from Ireland before answering the Lord Lieutenant's letter. 
 Meanwhile they know that the Treasury there is in so flourishing 
 a condition " that the sum of ten or eleven thousand pounds 
 would not be wanting for the public service, though their guineas 
 should not immediately be exchanged for current coin." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1752, Jan. 19. — Rejoicing heartily at the great success of the 
 King's affairs in Ireland under the Duke of Dorset's government 
 and Lord George Sackville' s ministry. " One more [bill] I 
 conclude will finish your sessions, at which time I presume your 
 Lordship will not be the most unhappy man in Ireland. You 
 may conceive I know a little of that feeling from my own situa- 
 tion here. This sessions has indeed been what in thirty odd 
 years I never saw before. Everything goes as the King can 
 wish, and no man unhappy but the Speaker, who finds some 
 
 * Afterwards Lord Milton ; married Lady Caroline Saokville. 
 
179 
 
 difficulty in procuring a decent attendance, which I own I wish 
 was a little better than it is. I think we mend in that respect, 
 though not so much as to give the least alarum from the enemy's 
 quarter." Begs to lay before the Lord Lieutenant the case of 
 the Bishop of Down,* a kinsman of the Attorney General! (who 
 desires promotion for him in consequence of the vacancy at 
 Tuam) ; and a request from one Mr. Trenchard of Dorset on 
 behalf of his son. Knows not whether the young man be a good 
 or bad officer, but has done his duty to " an old noisy Whig with 
 a good estate," and is sure his lordship will do no wrong to the 
 army. 
 
 The Duke of Newcastle to the Duke op Dorset. 
 
 1752, Jan. 25. Newcastle House. — The Attorney General 
 makes a strong application that his friend and relative [the 
 Bishop of Down] may succeed to the Archbishopric of Tuam if 
 the Bishop of Meath, to whom it has been offered, will not 
 accept the translation. " I earnestly hope you will in that 
 case do it for him, for we shall never be easy without it, and 
 my brother claims a promise from the King in his favour. This, 
 I think, is all the trouble I can give you upon Irish affairs. If 
 contrary to our notion here my good little friend of Derry wishes 
 to be Graced, Derry will satisfie the impatient Attorney. . . . 
 I suppose your Grace begins to think of seeing England. His 
 Majesty proposes to set out for Hanover on Tuesday in Easter 
 week, I think March 31st. The King was pleased to tell my Lady 
 Yarmouth, upon my desiring to know his pleasure, that I was to 
 have the honor to attend him, and I am all obedience. Don't 
 this early departure of his Majesty for Germany puzzle you a 
 little as to the time of your leaving Ireland ? 
 
 " I am sure your Grace will be glad to hear that things begin 
 to mend with us here. I have had some very few confidential 
 thorough conversations with Lady Yarmouth, and I can't enough 
 express my gratitude to her, and satisfaction with her, especially 
 upon the material point of the Hanover journey and the conduct 
 there. 
 
 "Your old friend the Duke of Bedford, Milo like, viribns ille 
 confident periit, has chose to show his power. His Grace has 
 moved Tuesday next to attack the Treaty } in the House of Lords, 
 where the King tells [us] the Lord Sandwich will be for us. It 
 was decided last Wensday in the House of Commons — for, 249 
 (that is really so, Hampden mistook 13) ; against 54. Speakers 
 against, your old friend old Horace Walpole, my new friend young 
 Lord Cobham,§ Sir Walter Blacket, Mr. Beckford and no more. 
 Old Horace voted with us ; Lord Cobham did not vote at all. 
 Horace conjured the old corps to vote with him for the treaty, 
 which caused a laugh. So much the weight of one great man 
 
 * Dr. John Ryder, was translated to Tuam. 
 
 f Sir Dudley Ryder. 
 
 \ On the Saxon subsidy. 
 
 § Richard Grenville, afterwards Earl Temple, died 1779. 
 
180 
 
 can do. This will work at Court, at least it shows I did not 
 judge very wrong when I thought it practicable to go on, though 
 we had the misfortune to lose my old collegue. The King is 
 highly pleased and with reason. Is very gracious, I won't say 
 with as much reason. As my old collegue's conduct has not 
 always been to be accounted for, I can little account for it now, but 
 I am apt to believe that when he made his motion he thought it 
 would have been more supported. Only Rigby, Alworth, and 
 Brant went with him in the House of Commons, Lord Trentham, 
 Dick Levison and Bap. Levison went away and Will was with us. 
 So you see how that party is divided. My brother Holdernesse 
 and I go on purely well, and I have not the least apprehension 
 that we shall not continue to do so. It is very agreeable to have 
 such a companion, which never happened to me before. I should 
 tell you that your friend my Lord Hilsborough distinguished 
 himself extremely upon this occasion. He spoke very strongly 
 for us and upon right principles. The old bold (?) Murray outdid 
 his own outgoings. You are a judge of both. My horse rides as 
 triumphant at Leicester House as yours does in Ireland. So that 
 upon the whole I think the publick and ministerial situation is 
 much mended. We gd on also well amongst ourselves. Lord 
 Egmont absented the other day, and lias declared he would not 
 enter into opposition under his Grace. I hear also that Lord 
 Middlesex was not in the House. I should beg pardon for 
 troubling you so long with our English affairs, but flatter myself 
 you will not be displeased with this account of them." 
 
 Lord Holderness to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1752, Jan. 30. Whitehall. — " Some livelyness which has been 
 shewn in Parliament furnishes me with an excuse for giving your 
 Grace the trouble of a few lines. Our old friend Horace thought 
 proper to show his dislike to the Saxon treaty, and brought on a 
 debate in the House of Commons upon it. He supported his 
 argument by quoting a passage from a learned author (his name- 
 sake) but ended in voting for the question. Lord Cobham joined 
 in the same opposition, and after a very decent and long debate 
 the numbers on a division were 236 to 54 [see the preceding 
 letter on this point]. On Tuesday last the Duke of Bedford 
 moved an adress of heavy censure upon this measure in the 
 House of Lords, and in the course of his speech introduced some 
 warm reflections upon your friends, chiefly aimed at Mr. Pelham. 
 His Grace was very fully answered by the Duke of Newcastle. 
 Lord Sandwich spoke in favour of the measure, but joined in all 
 the invectives which had been introduced. Lord Granville closed 
 the debate with an excellent conversation he had formerly had 
 with a German Prince whose name is still a secret. We had no 
 division. . . . Nothing is stirring which would afford your 
 Grace the least amusement. Point de petites intrigues, point de 
 galanteries. Vos belles compatriotes les Gunnings font toujours 
 V admiration de tout le monde mais garde\jit] toujours peutetre 
 malgre eux la meme condition et le meme nom." 
 
 * The Duke of Bedford, who had been succeeded as Secretary of State by Lord 
 Holderness. 
 
181 
 
 The Duke of Newcastle to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1752, Jan. 31. Newcastle House. — " His Majesty is not 
 disposed at this time to give any new preferment to the Bishop 
 of Clogher, for fear of the effects which it might have . . . 
 The Bishop of Meath is very ill. If he should not recover, Kyder 
 may then have Meath. If he should recover, we may have time 
 either to make B. Kyder go down in Ireland, or to try to persuade 
 the Attorney General to be easy here. I never saw any man so 
 set upon anything as the Attorney is upon this, and the King 
 certainly wishes to oblige him, and my brother is very zealous 
 for him. . . . Your Grace will allow me to give you some 
 account of our scene in the House of Lords the other day. 
 The Duke of Bedford opened (I think not much like a Secretary 
 of State either in or out) and spoke an hour against us, and 
 concluded with strong personal reflections upon the looseness 
 and want of oeconomy in the administration and the imbecility 
 of yielding to things to please others. I answered as well as I 
 could in an hour and a quarter and did not forget the sting of 
 the speech upon the ceconomy, &c. Lord Sandwich then made a 
 long, dull, abusive speech, in high encomiums of the Duke of 
 Bedford, in commendation of the Treaty, for which he voted, and 
 with very strong reflections upon the managers of the revenue, 
 who, his Grace had said, were penny-wise and pound foolish. 
 His Lordship also very indecently thought proper to bring in 
 the history of private families and the interfering in them. 
 Lord Halifax answered Sandwich well, and my Lord President 
 spoke a short speech for us, as you may imagine, and with his 
 usual vivacity set the House a laughing. Mr. P[elham] 
 returned the compliment the next day in the House of Commons, 
 laid them on, and dressed S [andwich] handsomely, concluding, 
 that when he had been at a play or a farce (for he was in the 
 House of Lords all the time) he was apt to trouble the next 
 company he came into with what had passed at that farce. 
 Upon the whole, if your humble servant's best friends had been 
 to propose a measure for our service, and the manner and the 
 persons who were to support it, they would have desired the 
 actor-s to have done just as they did. His Grace of Bedford was 
 the single content upon the vote of censure. Lord Northampton 
 voted loudly not content. Litchfield, Talbot, Windsor, and 
 almost all the Tories went away. You see what it is to have too 
 much parts, and to think one has too many friends. This affair 
 works extreamlv well at St. James's, and will improve every 
 day." 
 
 Lord Hardwicke to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1752, Feb. 18. Powis House. — Partly concerning a bill for 
 the attestation of wills, &c. "We long much to see your Grace 
 here in good health, but I ought to prepare you for one ugly 
 hampering business before your return. It is an application 
 from the English ladies to prohibit the importation of beauties 
 
182 
 
 from Ireland. It is thought that your fair subjects are making 
 reprizals upon ours for the many draughts the latter have made 
 of line gentlemen from that kingdom." 
 
 H. Pelham to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1752, March 16. — "I hope your Lordship perceives I am not 
 negligent in executing my Lord Lieutenant's commands. The 
 two warrants for the increase of the Judge's salarys and the 
 augmentation of pay to the dragoons were both signed by the 
 King the first opportunity I had .... I am not surprised at 
 the behaviour of Sir Richard Cox. It is of a nature I am too 
 well acquainted with. His ingratitude, if any, to Lord Harrington 
 I can easily account for, but his imprudence in choosing the 
 present manner and time of shewing it is a little extraordinary. 
 . . . I this day received your Lordship's letter of the 10th, 
 inclosing a most extraordinary paper, the votes of the House of 
 Commons upon the enquiry about the Barracks. This affair has 
 made some little noise here, and, in general, your Surveyor is 
 much blamed. Whether he deserves so severe a censure as is 
 contained in the resolutions of the Commons I know not, but he 
 ought to deserve a great deal before such resolutions are come 
 into. . . . Your own conduct in this as well as in everything 
 else which has come before you is extremely approved of. . . . 
 It is said here that your Lordship has shown great firmness and 
 great temper." 
 
 We expect that our Parliament will be prorogued on Thursday, 
 the 26th, and that the King will set out for Hanover the Tuesday 
 following. " The debate tomorrow is upon a bill which we sent 
 up to the Lords for vesting certain forfeited estates in the 
 Highlands unalienably in the Crown, and for establishing some 
 rules and orders for the better civilizing those savages. We had 
 some opposition to it in the House of Commons ; his Grace of 
 Bedford and his very few adherents appearing publickly against 
 it, another greater family than his Grace's not appearing at all, 
 but in their conversations without doors pretty loud against it. 
 The King's servants taking it up pretty high — amongst whom 1 
 acknowledge myself one, who think it the only constitutional 
 tentative for restoring peace and government there — carried it 
 upon a division 171 against 34. I hope the other House will 
 appear as well connected as we have done." 
 
 I cannot suffer you to return home without most heartily 
 congratulating you on the success you have had in your first 
 Irish campaign. "Whatever trouble you have had it has only 
 served to set off your character of ability and integrity. May 
 you be as usefull to the King and your friends here as you have 
 proved to your father and his servants in Ireland." 
 
 [The Primate ?] to George Dodington. 
 
 1752, May 26. — " I reproach myself for not giving you earlier 
 notice of what has passed here. . . . Since I find reports 
 
183 
 
 have aggravated, if not mis-represented, what I take to be the 
 facts, I shall (to yourself only) say in what light things have 
 appeared to me. 
 
 " To judge of the present, you must look back to former 
 governments, where you may remember that business here has 
 been usually done by undertakers, and the dispute has been who 
 should be the man. It was thus in the Duke of Dorset's former 
 government. In the next, the rivals for this power, after many 
 altercations (as it is said) agreed to divide. But in each case, 
 the law was given to and not from the Castle. However, the 
 King's business, as it was called, was carried on, that is, the 
 money bills were passed, and the chief governor gave wine to the 
 men and fiddles to the women, as usual. The Earl of Chester- 
 field saw and felt the insignificancy of his publick character, and 
 probably, had he returned, would have put the administration 
 on a better footing. His successor [Harrington] was not 
 circumstanced for action. Quiet was all he could hope for. 
 That was known, and the power of the acting person was at its 
 height. The Duke of Dorset's connections on your side were 
 very different from those of the two proceeding governors, and 
 probably stronger than any who had gone before him. The 
 Primate was of his family and his Secretary such as had not 
 been here since Lord Carteret's time. Thus circumstanced, it 
 was reasonable to think the administration would be brought i 
 back to the Castle, . . . but I know of no act done or intended, 
 to lessen the Speaker's influence or power as one of the King's 
 first servants. 
 
 "The first publick transaction was the money bill. Lord 
 Harrington, in the former session, had, without previous consent 
 from the King, permitted a clause to be inserted for paying part 
 of the National Debt out of the balance then in the Treasury. 
 The King's servants of the Law in England thought the 
 Prerogative affected, . . . however that bill returned, but as 
 another like application was expected here, his Grace, by concert 
 (as I presume,) made it part of his speech that his Majesty 
 approved of and consented to such application. The bill when 
 drawn inserted his Majesty's approbation but left out the word 
 consent. . . . The consent was inserted in England. The 
 fate of the Bill thus altered was said to be uncertain, though the 
 Speaker declared for it. The apprehension of clanger made the 
 Castle active, and gave them the proof of what they might do, 
 being so. In short, the bill passed without so much as notice 
 taken that it had been altered. Thus every thing tended to show 
 how desirable it was for the Castle to give the law, and that there 
 was no necessity it should be otherwise. This being known to 
 be their way of thinking jealousies arose, stories were invented 
 . . . and it was supposed that the affair of Nevill, and putting 
 off the call of the House, so as to keep more members in town 
 than has been known, was done to shew Parliamentary con- 
 nection. What was to be done in Parliament was refused to be 
 disclosed to the King's servants, but yet to act by or against the 
 Castle. ... On the part of the Castle nothing happened 
 
184 
 
 but the postponing the payment of two pensions, which, on 
 application, was taken off. The Regency is as usual, and thus 
 things stand at present. . . . But I am at a loss to find out 
 what should give occasion to blame what has been done, and 
 much more so to suppose it can affect his Grace's return, which 
 I am persuaded is as universally desired as that of any Governor 
 has been." 
 
 Endorsed: — " Copy of the letter to Mr. Doddington." 
 
 George Dodington to [the Primate ?] . 
 
 1752, June 30. Pall Mall. — I received the honour of your 
 lordship's of the 26th past with singular satisfaction. Your 
 kindness, affection and indeed partiality to me I hope will always 
 continue with the same blindness. . . . But the distinct and 
 masterly manner in which your lordship states the great point 
 of view of the Lord Lieutenant's administration, so much mis- 
 represented and indeed so little understood, not only satisfies 
 my curiosity but gives me the most sensible pleasure, to find 
 that my old friend has proceeded upon a system worthy to be 
 undertaken by a man of honour and ability." I must say that 
 the expediency and practicability, though not the reason of the 
 measure, appears a little doubtful to me. "I must own to you 
 I am much more fond of the obstruction than I should be of any 
 measure that removed it, because its continuance will remove 
 all obstructions, and hasten its progression to a thorough 
 coalescent union between both countries, which I will confess 
 was the darling private passion of my heart, if I had lived to see 
 the Prince upon the throne, and the great point by which I 
 proposed to be sometimes remembered, after my short scene was 
 closed. But that will be done by abler and happier hands, or, 
 indeed, will one day do itself. . . . But I find I grow old 
 and narrative, and being idle myself, treat you as if you had 
 nothing to do. However, I comfort myself that . . . if I 
 hinder you from business, I shall encourage you to take a nap." 
 
 Postscri2)t. — Pray assure my Lord Chancellor of my sense of 
 his favours and the high honour which I have for him and 
 remind the Lords Chief Justices of Both Benches that they 
 have a very faithful, poor, useless servant here who remembers 
 them with affectionate gratitude. 
 
 Endorsed: — "Copy of Mr. Dodington's answer." And in 
 another hand, " Mr. Waites' handwriting." 
 
 The Primate to Henry Pelham. 
 
 1752, July 25. Dublin. — The compliments paid to my Lord 
 Lieutenant on his departure " proceeded from a sudden run of 
 good will in the people, who declared publickly that they had been 
 imposed upon, and they carried those compliments to an unusual 
 height, not only from respect but with a mixture of resentment, as 
 
185 
 
 they had been tampered with to repeat those affronts which had 
 been so shamefully offered to my Lord Harrington. . . . The 
 temper therefore of the people who joined in those extraordinary 
 processions was to show my Lord Lieutenant that they were 
 ready to support a government that would support itself. . . . 
 
 " The Duke of Dorset might in ten days be the favourite Lord 
 Lieutenant in the mouths of these people; Lord George the 
 ablest secretary (though that they already allow) and I might be, 
 as I was, the best primate ; and so on with the Lord Chancellor, &c. 
 But the concessions that must produce so immediate calm are 
 thought by the soberest and most discreet servants of the Crown 
 here too great a price to pay for what may be done more 
 honourably, more easily, and rested upon a much safer founda- 
 tion. I would not say worse of this set of men than they 
 deserve, and I do not think they are mad enough to entertain 
 thoughts of separating from England, so that when they declare 
 their abhorrence of setting up an independent interest, they 
 may, in that acceptation of the word, be believed. But if they 
 deny that their interest in Parliament and in the country is 
 called the Irish interest, in contra distinction to English, that 
 they say there is a necessity of keeping up such an interest in 
 opposition to English governors, who are always their enemies ; 
 if they deny this, they disclaim what is their constant language." 
 Such conduct, were it known, would no doubt be thought to 
 deserve resentment, and if they had numbers to carry through 
 an effectual opposition to the measures of government, it might 
 be necessary to show it, but the contrary is evident : 
 
 The revenue keeps up tolerably well, and is likely to answer all 
 purposes, and the raising of the usual supplies is out of the 
 reach of their opposition ; their numbers are shrinking, and 
 their credit visibly impaired ; and I think the Government of 
 this country might now be put into its proper and natural 
 channel, if there be a certainty that both the end and the means 
 are approved of in England, but so long as many principal 
 servants of the Crown continue to act in open opposition or in 
 intrigues and cabals, people will not be persuaded that the chief 
 governor has the power necessary to support a government. " All 
 those acts of this administration which sufficiently shew the 
 favour of the King and the friendship of the Ministry are by 
 these good servants explained to other purposes. The payment 
 of the debt is said to have been a contrivance, by giving up part 
 of the money, to secure a title to the rest ; . . . the augmen- 
 tation of the Judges' salaries (a most proper and necessary 
 thing) was to make those offices more worthy the acceptance of 
 Englishmen; and the Speaker desires his friends to observe that 
 the Chancellorship of the Exchequer was not augumented. I 
 would willingly suppose the Speaker's extraordinary conduct to 
 have proceeded from the advice of worse men than himself . . . 
 but his own part has been such, and so many astonishing facts 
 are lately come to my knowledge, that it will be impossible for 
 me hereafter to renew any confidence with him, or have the 
 least reliance upon him." I am ashamed of being so trouble- 
 
186 
 
 some. I never took any principal part in civil business till I 
 saw an act of the administration of England and even the King's 
 prerogative attacked, but my success has proved to me that such 
 attacks in the future may be avoided, and the government carried 
 on, " without trusting entirely to the influence of wine and the 
 exacting of intemperate promises at the end of a debauch." As 
 to the expediency of making examples, I have not presumed to 
 offer an opinion, as I fear that my temper draws against my 
 judgment, but it is loudly called for and expected here, would 
 add great strength to government, and in any other country, 
 after such provocation, would not have remained a day in 
 question. 
 
 The Archbishop of Cashell (just now dead) was Vice-Chancellor 
 of this University under the Duke [of Cumberland] . 
 
 The members of the University and the Archbishop of Dublin, 
 their Visitor, have desired that I would apply to his Koyal 
 Highness for his nomination. May I beg that you will consider 
 the matter and send your commands by my brother. Copy. 
 
 The Primate to Mr. Stone. 
 
 1752, July 27. — On the same subject. " As I take for granted 
 he [Mr. Pelham] will give you my letter I shall not repeat the 
 particulars, but I can take upon me to assure you that a proper 
 resentment cannot be attended with any hazard to Government. 
 I should never wish the authority of Government more 
 effectually secured, nor have I ever seen it upon near so good a 
 foundation as the full and entire removal of the worst servants 
 a Government ever employed would now put it. . . . People 
 give out that the forbearance of resentment is the effect of fear 
 and not of moderation. It is, I own, more provoking than all to 
 hear the Speaker's services to the government urged as a 
 foundation of merit, and his power as a foundation of fear." 
 Copy. 
 
 The Duke of Cumberland to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 [1752?], July 29. Cranborn. — " I received your letter last 
 night, and am very much obliged to you for the trouble you have 
 taken to inform me of the vacancy of the Vice- Chancellor to the 
 University of Dublin, with the reason of his appointment by my 
 brother. Whoever is thought most (sic) for the King's service 
 and is at the same time agreable to the Provost and Fellows of 
 the Colledge will be the person I should chuse to name, and 
 whenever I have the pleasure of meeting you in town will order 
 the proper instrument to be prepared. I remain your very 
 affectionate friend, William." Holograph. 
 
 The Duke of Dorset to the Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 [1752, July ?] — Kecommending Dr. Whetcombe, Bishop of 
 Down, to the Archbishopric of Cashel, the Bishop of Ferns to 
 
187 
 
 the Bishopric of Down, and the Primate to the Vice-Chancellor- 
 ship of the University of Dublin, vacant by the death of the late 
 Archbishop of Cashel. Copy. 
 
 The Duke of Dobset to the Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 1752, [August ?] — Kespecting the appointment of the Primate 
 to the Vice-Chancellorship of the University of Dublin. Copy. 
 
 The Primate to the Duke of Cumberland. 
 
 [1752, August ?] — Thanking His Koyal Highness for the 
 honor of being appointed by him to the Vice-Chancellorship of 
 the University of Dublin. Copy. 
 
 Lobd Kildabe to the Pbimate. 
 
 1752, Oct. 5. — Stating that Mr. Charles Tisdall is the person 
 who made him some proposal on behalf of the Primate. Copy. 
 
 The Pbimate to Lobd Kildabe. 
 
 [1752, October.] — Repudiating the proposal made by Mr. 
 Tisdall to his Lordship on his behalf. Copy. 
 
 The Duke of Dobset to the Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 [1752.] — Recommending Lieut. -Col. Whiteford for the regi- 
 ment vacant by the death of Lieut.-Gen. [Alex.] Irwin. 
 
 The Pbimate to Lobd Geobge Sackville. 
 
 1753, Jan. 30. Dublin. — " My dearest Lord, I came here 
 yesterday morning from my journey to Bessborough, where 
 everything was perfectly right and extremely agreeable. The 
 Speaker and I met at the Castle and from thence went to my 
 Lord Chancellor's* (who is still confined with the gout) to do our 
 business, the chief part of which was to draw up the letter to his 
 Grace explaining the reasons of sending back Stopford's letter. 
 The Chancellor was clearly of opinion that it could not be done 
 otherwise, and, I think, not without foundation. If there is any 
 difference between the troubling his Majesty for a new signature 
 or the making an erasement, the latter may be done ; and if the 
 same King's letter is returned to us with the proper erasements, 
 we shall conclude it to have been done in his Majesty's presence. 
 The order for presenting Mr. Beaufort to the Provostship did 
 not produce any observation, though there must have been some 
 inward emotion. Stopford will return his thanks this night, 
 and would have done by the last post had he not waited to ask 
 me whether it would be improper to make his acknowledgements 
 directly to his Grace. I know not whether he will acquit him- 
 self rightly in point of form and manner, but he is thoroughly 
 
 * Kobert Jocelyn, Lord Newport. 
 
188 
 
 possessed with gratitude, and the promotion gives general satis- 
 faction. As to the subsequent promotions, this delay in the first 
 instance must give time, though it were not otherwise wanted, 
 for settling them. If Mr. Fox-Lane is in earnest about Hantry 
 (or Hautry) there is no doubt that the archdeaconry of Killaloe 
 will give ample satisfaction to Hewetson. My Lady Allen's 
 French for Finglas is a new incident, and if it is to take place 
 must postpone somebody. French is a deserving man, and I 
 would not fight my Lady Allen's recommendations, but in the 
 present system it will operate nothing unless Lady Allen could 
 prevail upon her kinsman Mr. Cooper to cease his persecution of 
 poor Owen Wynne in the county of Sligoe, which is undertaken 
 for no other visible reason but on account of Mr. Wynne's 
 attachment to the Government. I have not yet turned these 
 matters enough in my head to propose to you an adjustment of 
 them, but I will send you my thoughts by the next post. 
 
 " I return you the paper of pensions. If, upon application, 
 you may think it worth while to spare small sums I should 
 imagine the Annesley affair might go at 150. Mr. Chaigneau is 
 dead. Whether that makes any alteration you can best judge. 
 One hundred was asked for Bindon. I understand the applica- 
 tion for Jocelyne and Hore to be as you say 200/. and 10s. a day. 
 The death of Judge Gore gives some room and the expiration of 
 some considerable pensions on next Lady Day cannot have 
 escaped you. All this you will digest. The Earl of Mount 
 Alexander and Lord Hawley have blanks to their names, and I 
 know no good to arise from filling them up with figures. 
 
 " I am very happy that my letter was approved by you and 
 that the sentiments of it were thought reasonable by his Grace. 
 I will do anything for peace that his Grace can draw any use 
 from when it is done. If these people will even acquiesce 
 during his Grace's Government and behave with decency I would 
 consent to take my chance afterwards. Yet I must say that I have 
 no opinion of their acquiescing till they see that the alternative 
 must be their ruin. Time must do it, and in a great measure 
 has already done it, but I see the unreasonableness of expecting 
 that his Grace should be under continued embarrassments in 
 order to procure ease and advantages to other people hereafter, 
 and in all my reasonings I keep that point full before me. 
 What their conduct will be I know not, neither do I believe they 
 yet know themselves. They tell their people that they expect 
 their attendance next year. The Speaker says he is to be 
 attacked and calls for support to the Chair. This cry will 
 operate on some minds. But possibly when they find that no 
 one means to attack him, he [will] , may be, say that he has 
 carried his point, and it may end in a defensive on both sides. 
 If so, the end of Government is in a great measure answered as 
 to appearance, however short it may be of the reality. 
 
 "I send you a memorial recommended strongly by General 
 Desgrangues. The sale of the Company of Invalides there men- 
 tioned has formerly been attempted and refused. However the 
 half pay may alter the circumstances, I cannot tell. In some 
 
189 
 
 cases I know the whole is changed by it. If Mr. Fox should 
 undertake it (I should first say, if you should recommend it), I 
 should be very glad, for it would entirely answer an impertinent 
 application for an addition to Mrs. Ponsonby's pension. Captain 
 Taylor is her father. The Chief Baron tells me that Mr. Ellis 
 intends that his nephew, young Agar, should be chose at his 
 borough of Gowran in the place of Chaigneau. Should you 
 think it worth while to talk with Ellis on that subject ? The 
 young man is under age. If a friend could come in there for 
 the present it might be of use, and we have enough that would 
 be glad to pay money. That family of Agar, when it appears, 
 will from their property be considerable. A simple marriage of 
 the mother's throws the management of their affairs upon 
 Ellis, and he may be very instrumental in serving us. I wish 
 he were properly prepared. I would take upon me to answer for 
 the rights of the family being preserved to them. 
 
 "Bucknall was with me this morning full of grievances of his 
 being doubted, and protesting fidelity. I hope he speaks truth. 
 He certainly desires to be thought faithfull. I told him you 
 never gave me the least hint of any suspicion, and I find by your 
 letter of the 23rd to him that you do not intimate the least thing 
 of that sort to him. I believe he was willing to keep fair on all 
 sides, and that I take to be the worst. He has been thoroughly 
 frightened. 
 
 "I have little to say upon the paragraph in your letter about 
 Maxwell. It would be vain either for me or him to expect every- 
 thing to happen that we set our hearts upon, and yet I had set 
 mine so much upon this that the disappointment mortifies me 
 extremely. As I conclude it is all over I shall say nothing to 
 him upon it. 
 
 " You have made Lord Moore doubly happy by your very kind 
 letter which he has just received. He is a good lad and deserves 
 the encouragement you give him. Ponsy is hammering at a 
 letter, but he is sure that you will only laugh at him. My 
 dearest Lord, adieu." 
 
 The Primate to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1753, Feb. 10. Dublin.— " The Speaker's letter to Mr. 
 Pelham is very extraordinary. When I told my Lord Chancellor 
 of it he could not recollect the confusion which preceded the 
 Speaker's presiding in the House of Commons, though he had 
 been long before in the service of the Crown and a member of 
 that House. The Speaker does well to represent gentlemen as 
 being uneasy on his account, but he knows too well that he 
 begins to find it very difficult to keep gentlemen together, and 
 this seems to be an effort to try Mr. Pelham's pulse. I know 
 the talk amongst them to have been that Mr. Pelham is of a 
 moderate temper, and that he would rather bear with some 
 perverseness than have recourse to violent remedies. This letter 
 is a threatening, and I hope it will now plainly appear that 
 these men pretend to force themselves upon the Government. 
 
190 
 
 Whilst this language is held in letters, the behaviour here 
 changes every day a vue d'oeil. The Speaker and I have met 
 these three last days at the Castle without the Chancellor, who is 
 still confined. Our conversation is perfectly free. Mr. Waite is 
 entertained with it, but finds no fault with my acting. During 
 this time it is remarkable that no visits are made to the Chan- 
 cellor in his confinement nor has he received the common 
 compliments of form upon his son's marriage. At our meeting 
 on Monday the Speaker mentioned the little Cloyne living (of 
 which I gave you some account) and wished he could get it for a 
 friend. I said I had heard of the vacancy and that such 
 and such persons had desired to be recommended, upon which 
 the subject was dropped. At the close of the morning Waite 
 asked us whether we had any orders to give about the Cloyne 
 living. I wished him to have held his tongue, but the Speaker 
 soon desired him to send the name of the living to my Lord 
 Primate. This, though in itself a trifle, seems to me to be critical. 
 The Chancellor (to whom I have told all the circumstances) is 
 [of] opinion that my Lord Duke in prudence should give him 
 the living. Waite is of the same mind. They call it coming 
 down. I am not quite so clear. I consider it as a trap, and that 
 he will say, * I ask things from my Lord Lieutenant and was 
 refused. I tried all ways which became me, but could not succeed. 
 There was a living of 30Z. a year. I had a mind to try the 
 experiment whether, if I asked through the Primate, it would 
 succeed. I did not care what became of it, but I did ask and my 
 request is granted. Now, gentlemen, you may see the truth of 
 what I have so often told you, that the Primate sets up for the 
 absolute direction and will suffer nothing to be done but through 
 himself, and my Lord Lieutenant supports him in those 
 exorbitant pretensions.' I should be glad to know how this 
 appears to his Grace and to you. For my own part I know not 
 how to fix my judgment upon it. The best light in which it can 
 be taken is that he has a mind to slide imperceptibly in a com- 
 munication, avoiding any explanation which he knows his 
 conduct will not bear. The general behaviour of others in his 
 confidence will in some measure justify that construction. Nat. 
 Clements is altered. I am just now come from dinner with him 
 at Gardiner's. He sat next to Gardiner, and, after the Duke of 
 Dorset's health, your Lordship was Mr. Clements' toast, and with 
 great zeal in the drinking. This, you know, is the way of 
 judging in Ireland. They manifestly wish, at least, for a 
 suspension of arms, but they are not to be trusted. Think of 
 this circumstance of the Cloyne living. There is no hurry, for 
 the filling the bishoprick does not alter the rights to the Crown. 
 I have thought of writing a letter of form to his Grace 
 acquainting him that the Speaker desired such a memorandum 
 to be left with me. This is in order to exonerate myself. You 
 will say, perhaps, that I exonerate myself by throwing the load 
 upon his Grace. I think not. His Grace has refused other 
 things, and if the Speaker ever remonstrates, I am sure his 
 Grace has better reasons to give for his refusals than my not 
 
191 
 
 having sollicited those favours, and I presume his Grace would 
 be glad of an opportunity of telling the Speaker that if his con- 
 duct had been fair and right, greater favours than any he has 
 asked might have been chearfully granted, and that the refusing 
 small requests has not proceeded from a preference to other 
 recommendations, but from a determined measure which his 
 behaviour to the Government had made necessary. This 
 language is proper in his Grace's mouth, but would not so well 
 become me. Since, therefore, the Speaker has put this affair 
 into my hands, I think I am obliged to represent it and wish 
 that the determination may be well considered, as I think it is a 
 leading fact. 
 
 " Ponsonby may chance to write to you enclosing a memorial 
 from one Tomkins for a pension. The man is a relation of Mrs. 
 Charles Gardiner, was deputy to Luke in one of the Custom- 
 House places. Luke has turned him out on account of unfitness 
 from ill-health, and Charles is to get him taken care of. The 
 first plan was that Mr. Conolly was to get the pension through 
 Mr. Pelham ; but Mr. Conolly has told them there is no doing 
 anything but through my Lord Lieutenant. This Charles 
 Gardiner writes to Tomkins, and tells him farther that Mr. 
 Conolly has some reasons for not being the first mover to my 
 Lord Lieutenant, but, says Charles, if you can get Mr. Ponsonby 
 to move it, Mr. Conolly will assist to the utmost of his power. 
 (Mr. Ponsonby is called upon because Tomkins was a trooper in 
 his militia regiment here.) I should not have told you this story, 
 had I not thought C. Gardiner's letter, which I saw this morning, 
 rather remarkable in that particular where he says that Mr. 
 Conolly had some reasons for not being the first mover to my 
 Lord Lieutenant. It is most probable that C. Gardiner speaks 
 without authority for what he says, but I think Conolly of such 
 consequence in our commonwealth that I am particularly atten- 
 tive in what relates to him, and wish that no proper means may 
 be left untried to create a right* understanding in him, and the 
 more as I am sure no means are left untried to create a wrong 
 one. 
 
 " I return to the Speaker's letter. It was a lucky circumstance 
 that the Duke of Devonshire was present to give testimony which 
 his own experience enabled him to give. There are no bounds 
 to the untruths which that man asserts. He does not know how 
 to turn himself. The Master of the Rolls returned yesterday 
 to town from a long confinement in the country, where he was 
 seized by a fit of the gout. The Speaker was with him this 
 morning. I shall judge at our next meeting from the Speaker's 
 manner what temper the Master recommends. 
 
 "I wish to know whether Mr. Monson intends to come over 
 here or to stay any time. I should not be sorry at a hazard to 
 exchange him for Mr. Bristow, who is too wise to hope much good 
 from him. 
 
 * Mr. Carter. 
 
192 
 
 " I hear that Lord Molesworth is unhappy at not having 
 received any answer to a letter he wrote to his Grace in favour 
 of Captain Usher. He says the Duke was always so perticularly 
 good to him that he is afraid there is some reason for it. He 
 does not complain that the request was not immediately com- 
 plied with, which he knows cannot always he expected, but he 
 could wish only to hear, either from his Grace or your Lordship, 
 that it was favourably received. I believe you have a, Browne on 
 half pay recommended by the Bishop of Clogher to be put into 
 commission. He was a gentleman at large. If it could be, I 
 should be glad he might come into the next batch, for his father, 
 besides being the Bishop's brother-in-law, is a principal voter of 
 Ben. Burton's at Carlow, and Ben has every day some fresh 
 merit. I am pleased with Maxwell's success at White's, as it is 
 certainly a proof of his having appeared to advantage amongst 
 the first men of the world. I hope he may live to receive other 
 marks of their approbation. My dearest Lord, adieu." 
 
 The Primate to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1753, March 11. Dublin. — " I have two of your letters 
 unanswered, that of the 27th of February, and another received 
 this day of the 6th. Col. Irwin is also arrived. 
 
 " The affair of the Accusation has been the occasion of much 
 discourse here, and for a few days, people, according as they were 
 disposed, had their hopes and their apprehensions. For my own 
 part I was not very uneasy. I was sure that the bottom was sound, 
 and that those persons could abide the strictest enquiry from the 
 earliest time of their lives. The circumstances of this enquiry 
 seem to have [been] most advantageous for them, and the 
 acquittal by a Council composed as this was must (if anything 
 can) put an end to groundless calumny. I am persuaded that 
 the Pretender's health was frequently drank at Oxford, but I 
 could safely swear that I never was present there or anywhere 
 else where it was done; and I verily believe my brother and 
 Murray could safely swear the same. It was gone from Christ- 
 church and under discouragement there before our time. 
 Murray's case is particularly hard, for I well remember that the 
 Jacobites of Oxford used to speak of him with resentment and 
 abhorrence. The Attorney General's appearance in the prose- 
 cution is a happy circumstance. The run here is over, or 
 rather is in the right channel. Irwin underwent a strict 
 examination in one of the first visits he made after he landed, 
 and upon his saying that it's understood that the opinion of the 
 Council was full and unanimous, he was answered with a smile, 
 ' I suppose that is the story given out.' ' Sir,' says Irwin, ' that 
 is the fact.' ' Indeed,' says the other, ' I have always been told 
 that Mr. Stone was a Very wise man, but I suppose part of this 
 will stick.' 
 
 " I have asked several opinions of the effect the opening the 
 wool trade would have, and I am told that it will do good, but 
 the Speaker told me that it would be of no consequence. 
 
193 
 
 " If you can bring the affair of the Linen Premiums to an 
 agreement it will be well. It is a point, however, upon which 
 our Southern people pretend to be indifferent, and they have 
 this long time affected to call that premium a partial encourage- 
 ment to particular traders, by which the general trader rather 
 suffered some inconvenience. 
 
 " I have looked over your list of twenty. When I sent my list 
 I could not answer for every person in it, but I will have 
 particular attention to these twenty. Some of them, I am sure, 
 are clearly with us. My Lord Chancellor has not the least 
 doubt of Mansell, but has wrote properly to know. Bourke has 
 done the same to Walcot, but he is very sure that he is right. If 
 my Lord K [ildare] appears to be grossly mistaken in some (as he 
 certainly is) there is the less to be apprehended with regard to 
 the rest. I have reason to hope that Mr. O'Neil will be strongly 
 with the Government. My Lord Chancellor has appointed him of 
 the Linen Board. He is not in town, but will be in a few weeks, 
 and I shall know more. Sir John Freke is gone to England. 
 If Lady Freke should put herself in the way, I wish some atten- 
 tion might be given to her. She is a friend, and endeavours to 
 make him so ; and an accidental civility might possibly do it. 
 But (although I omit no opportunity of recruiting) yet I own fairly 
 to you that I think that it is hardly necessary any longer to angle 
 for single votes. They know very well that if my Lord Lieutenant 
 is sure of his own ground, they cannot maintain theirs, and they 
 have waited for accidents. This very transaction before the 
 Council has given them hopes, and had my brother been a 
 Jacobite I should [have] been made one also, and Mr. Malone* 
 would have been a Whigg, &c. If the Ministry think that his 
 Grace's plan of government here is right, that the persons whom 
 his Grace employs here are fit objects for their support, and 
 there are no particular latent reasons why they ought not to be 
 supported, they have only to speak the word, and submission, or 
 some accommodation equivalent to it, will immediately follow. 
 
 "I am ashamed to repeat what I have so often said, but they 
 still believe there is some shyness of proceeding directly against 
 them. His Grace (it is most true) has been uniform in con- 
 ferring favours upon those only who have deserved them. But 
 these, if I may say so, go no farther than to show his Grace's own 
 inclinations, or, as they would have it believed, the inclination 
 and address of his ministers. And what weight will the firing 
 of a few small arms (a living and a cornet's or captain's 
 commission) have whilst the whole canon of the Treasury is 
 roaring through the whole country and keeping it in awe ? The 
 country gentlemen, old and young, are subject to the bankers, and 
 they are in the power of the Treasury. The Treasury is in the 
 power of the Ministry, as far as they have power from his 
 Majesty. I do not mean turning out", but if that battery was 
 fairly silenced (which I assure you is far from being the case as 
 
 21250 
 
 * Prime Serjeant, 
 
 N 
 
194 
 
 yet) the siege would soon be at an end. This would finish it to 
 purpose. If we pick up ten votes more by private application 
 there will still be trouble, though questions are carried. But show 
 the Chiefs of the Opposition that there is power to hurt them, 
 and no management to be had, in case they make it necessary, 
 and all will be quiet, nor is there in my opinion any other 
 effectuall way. They are very ripe for such an experiment. 
 The voice, the language, the looks are lowered to the observation 
 of everybody. The friends of the Government make no secret of 
 their attachments and are bold and loud in declaring them. The 
 lead is taken in all companies, and the fashion and the tide is 
 turned. Nothing is wanting but a firm declaration of power, 
 authenticated in such a manner as that no appeal can be left. 
 This is what both sides wait for. The Speaker has owned to Mr. 
 Pelham that it is no national question. It only remains whether 
 he, though in the wrong, is to be supported. If he is, it will not 
 teach him to be in the right. If there are any particular 
 reasons from the circumstances of this present time why he 
 ought to [be] managed, the sooner it is known the better. If on 
 the other side your bottom is sound and firm the hazard here is 
 not an object, for it is nothing. 
 
 " I enclose to you as you directed an account of the pensions, 
 in which you will see the growth and decrease as it has happened. 
 Cunningham is in the country with Fortescue, whom you will see 
 soon in London. Maxwell never writes to me. I am afraid old 
 Mr. Cope is dying. I wish there is not a jumble in the county 
 between Brownlow and Caulfield. I must help the former. 
 Warburton of Gal way is dead. What this will produce I know 
 not. Do you ever see Lord Clanrickard ? He has an interest in 
 that county, and I cannot learn whether he has given it. My 
 dearest Lord, adieu." 
 
 The Primate to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1753, April 16. Dublin.— " My dearest Lord, the King's 
 letters for the Pensions, &c, are arrived this afternoon. The 
 Lords Justices are separated for the holidays. Mr. Obryen is 
 not in town, and some others ; which I mention in the way of 
 apology for them in case they should be slow in making their 
 acknowledgements. I hear of great thanks, and, as yet, of no 
 abuse ; and surely it cannot be a subject of complaint that a 
 single pension granted to a person abroad should be continued in 
 value upon the establishment and divided amongst families in 
 this country who want the assistance of the Government. I 
 never saw a list of pensions so entirely Irish. You will have 
 seen Mr. Clements. I know not whether he is instructed to 
 speak very particularly to you. Some think that he is. I doubt 
 it, for I cannot persuade myself that they will come to an avowed 
 submission whilst there is any game left to play. I expect that 
 they will rather offer service, and, if they are not insulted, let 
 the session slide gently on, still keeping the party in name united 
 against better times, and keep up an appearance of being still the 
 
195 
 
 persons who are necessary to government. They will say that, 
 notwithstanding the slights put upon them, they will not disturb 
 the King's affairs nor throw the country into confusion. That 
 the next will be a quiet session is the language in every man's 
 mouth. Some talk warmly of pushing things to extremities 
 against men who have deserved so ill, but that spirit will be easily 
 laid. The more judicious say that it is amazing to see so strong 
 a party broke in so short a time, and they acknowledge that it 
 could not have been under any other government. I have now 
 very little pain with regard to the carrying through any measures 
 that my Lord Duke shall judge fit to be undertaken, as I know 
 he will undertake none but what are just and good. The first 
 consideration will be upon the ballance in the Treasury. And I 
 much wish, if it be possible, to know how far it may be allowed 
 to go in the application of that money to Home purposes. As 
 you have the abstracts you will see that the sum is large and 
 increasing. Would it be allowed that that money should be 
 disposed of here, supposing always that in the manner of doing it 
 his Majesty's right is sufficiently declared ? It is idle to let [it] 
 lie for ever in the hands of the Treasurer. The King might by 
 law draw away the whole, and the officers must pay it at his 
 command. His Majesty might both by law and equity apply it, 
 as it should be his pleasure alone, for the good of this country, 
 and for the support and service of his Government. Yet in any 
 great work to be done the more gracious way is to take the advice 
 of Parliament. I do not suppose this money can be an object 
 with regard to any foreign purpose, otherwise than it might help 
 to purchase the Isle of Man if that is ever thought of, or if it can 
 be called a foreign object. Fortifying towns may occurr, which 
 may be the wisest and most necessary, but it will strike only a 
 few. The most popular thing would be to pay turnpike debts. 
 The roads all over the country are gone to ruin, the tolls are 
 mortgaged so as to leave nothing for the repair, and the tax 
 upon the people still continues without any benefit to them. 
 This affects every person in the nation. The grievance has 
 arisen from mismanagement, but it is a grievance, and will one 
 day or other force itself upon the Legislature, for it is got beyond 
 the reach of any other remedy, and money must one day or an 
 other be raised upon the country for that purpose. If the 
 Government were to take the lead, it would be a very extra- 
 ordinary mark of the King's attention to the internal affairs of 
 this country. I am sensible that turnpike debts are not to be 
 ranked among debts upon publick credit, but the condition of 
 these will bring them at last under that consideration. If this 
 thought is not wild and impracticable I would have it examined. 
 It is at present my own only ; any farther [than] that there is 
 a general outcry for something to be done, for the roads are 
 almost impassable and there are no funds for repairing them. If 
 any thing of that sort could be done I would repeal all the 
 borrowing clauses, and make the repair only with the growing 
 tolls. Some attention must be had about this large ballance, for 
 it cannot remain unemployed. 
 
196 
 
 "I am endeavouring to the utmost of my power to bring 
 N evil's* affair with regard to the resolution of the House of 
 Commons to some point of ascertainment. Lawe, the Inspector, 
 does everything in his power to hinder it. He has made a report 
 which takes in many things that Nevil has nothing to say to, by 
 which he has puzzled the case. He must distinguish upon his 
 report. The Lords Justices have just now sent this report to 
 Nevil as an answer to his memorial, desiring our directions as to 
 what was expected from him, by which we have cleared him from 
 any imputation of neglect hitherto, which is one point gained, 
 as the Speaker had declared that he should have no directions. 
 If Nevil will act rightly, he may in the course of this summer put 
 himself out of the reach of further blame. If he does not, he 
 cannot be supported. 
 
 "I believe the Armagh election will hardly admitt of a poll. 
 If I had meditated any revenge upon Sir Archibald Acheson for 
 his strange behaviour, he has been so good as to execute it upon 
 himself. Clements will be very watchfull to get the best 
 intelligence in London, and if he finds things are in earnest 
 with regard to the ministry, as he has heard them represented 
 here, he will certainly strike. Civility and some explicit talk and 
 a dinner are the measures I should wish to be observed with him. 
 His wife and Dean Gore are of his family. Kemember that 
 Harry Gore's application for the troop was most strongly pressed 
 and most absolutely rejected A very little is wanting to break 
 them to shatters. When that work is done it will be time enough 
 to consider of what is to come next. I have worked as well as 
 I have been able, and if, when I give up my accounts to you, you 
 should say I have been idle, I must appeal to Mr. Waite, who 
 will witness for difficulties more than are known to you or are 
 proper just now to be told. 
 
 "I am to go to Leixlip on Wednesday. I promised myself last 
 year the pleasantest winter that could be. Notwithstanding all 
 that happened I had infinitely more pleasure than pain. I will 
 make no more promises to myself, but in all probability we shall 
 repay ourselves for former troubles, and have time to enjoy all 
 the seasons of leisure without anxiety. His Grace's presence and 
 authority is all that is now requisite to make a Coup de Partie. 
 My dearest Lord, adieu." 
 
 Luke Gardiner to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1753, July 3. Treasury, Dublin. — Acknowledging receipt of 
 the Duke's letter of the 29th June and expressing surprise at 
 what his Grace is pleased to mention in relation to Lord Kildare. 
 
 The Lord Chancellor of Ireland to Lord Holderness. 
 
 1753, July 9. Dublin. — Acknowledges receipt of Lord 
 Holderness's letter of the- 29th of June and a copy of the Earl 
 of Kildare's representations to the King. Has given Lord 
 
 * Nevil Jones. 
 
197 
 
 Kildare a copy of Lord Holderness's letter, which expresses the 
 King's sentiments with regard to his Lordship's very extra- 
 ordinary representation, and has also shown it to several of his 
 Majesty's servants and other persons of consideration. The 
 King's greatness of mind excites the most affectionate admiration, 
 and will greatly animate the zeal of those entrusted by him. 
 Observes with the highest pleasure "that this strange attack, far 
 from weakening, has added strength and weight to the King's 
 Government in the hands of the Duke of Dorset, whose zeal for 
 his Majesty's service and regard to the true interest and 
 happiness of Ireland long since endeared him to this kingdom, 
 and have formed the unvaried rule of his Grace's present 
 administration." Copy. 
 
 The Duke of Newcastle to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1753, July 19. Newcastle House. — "Though I conclude the 
 Chancellor of Ireland sent your Grace a copy of his letter to my 
 Lord Holdernesse, Mr. Amyand tooke care, however, to send you 
 one immediately by Sir Robert Wilmot. I most sincerely con- 
 gratulate your Grace upon the effect which my Lord Holdernesse' s 
 letter has had in Ireland, of which I doubt not but you have had 
 a full account from the Primate. But the chief occasion of my 
 troubling you is to give you some account of the effect which my 
 Lord Chancellor's letter has had here. The day it was received 
 I mentioned it to the King, who said it was a very good letter. 
 I had this day a lucky opportunity of talking more fully upon 
 the subject, and I think with some effect. I told the King that 
 my Lord Hilsborough had been with me, that he had read to me 
 part of a letter which he had received from one Mr. Cowper, a 
 member of Parliament in Ireland and a firm friend and creature 
 of the Speaker's, so that his reports or sentiments could not be 
 suspected. Mr. Cowper says that this step of my Lord Kildare 
 was the sillyest and most inconsiderate one that ever was taken, 
 that it was a rude one to the best of kings, that my Lord Kildare 
 had served those whom he meant to hurt by it, that he believed 
 the Parliament would not like it, that he hoped his friend the 
 Speaker had had no hand in it, and that he believed he had not, 
 as the Speaker had the greatest duty and regard for the King. 
 This coming from an unsuspected person seemed to have weight, 
 and really to please the King. I told his Majesty also that I had 
 seen a very strong and spirited letter from the Primate to my 
 Lord Holdernesse, which he would certainly shew the King 
 upon his return from Yorkshire. The King entered a good 
 deal into the affair, told me what your Grace had said about 
 the Prime Serjeant, and upon the whole was mightily pleased 
 and in very good humour. The Primate's letter is a very good 
 one and a very complaisant one to my brother Holdernesse. 
 Tho' I had not the good fortune to be the penman, I hope 
 your Grace thinks no one in the administration is more zealous 
 to support your credit, reputation, and authority than myself. 
 
198 
 
 We are much pleased that our friends in Yorkshire have at last 
 agreed. A contest there amongst our great friends would have 
 had very bad consequences. I have had an account of the vast 
 numbers at Knowle. It gives me great pleasure for the sake of 
 the cause, and my friends, and very particularly for the satis- 
 faction which I know it must be to your Grace. Our friend Sir 
 Edward, I believe, must content himself with advertiseing only. 
 Pray my compliments to Lord George and tell him that his 
 commands about the prisoner in Scotland shall be obeyed." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to [Lord Holderness?] 
 
 [1753, October.] — "I deferred writing to you till the session 
 of Parliament had opened, that I might have the honour 
 of informing you of the turn affairs were likely to take in this 
 country. At our first landing my Lord Lieutenant did not find 
 the principal people here in that disposition as promised any ease 
 to his administration. The Speaker's friends were setting him 
 up as the protector of the liberties of Ireland, and declaring that 
 the Ministry in England, in conjunction with the Lord Lieu- 
 tenant, were endeavouring to place all power in the hands of the 
 Primate, who, as an Englishman, could not have their interest at 
 heart. These notions were so industriously propagated that 
 great heats and animosity s were spread over the whole kingdom, 
 and my Lord Kildare's memorial, though in secret disavowed by 
 individuals, was publickly commended, and all possible assurances 
 given to his Lordship that the House of Commons would 
 effectually support his assertions. In this situation things were 
 when my Lord Lieutenant first spoke upon business with the 
 Speaker. He enquired of him the cause of discontent, offered 
 him all proper share of power and confidence if he would act that 
 part which became a servant of the Crown ; the Speaker on his 
 side made great professions of duty to the King and of his 
 personal respect to my Lord Lieutenant, but added that gentle- 
 men were so exasperated with his having so little share of 
 authority, and at the confidence which had been placed in my 
 Lord Primate, that he despaired in bringing them to temper, if 
 he, the Primate, was not removed from that favour which he then 
 enjoyed, and in short gave my Lord Lieutenant to understand 
 that the Primate must not be left any more in commission as 
 one of the Lords Justices. When he was desired to relate 
 any particular instances of the Primate's misbehaviour, or of 
 any misuse of the confidence reposed in him, it always ended 
 in general assertions, and the same grievance was always 
 mentioned of the Primate's having refused joining with him in 
 appointing a Mr. Eyre one of the Governors of the county of 
 Galway. My Lord Lieutenant then said, what signify'd the 
 Primate's objection if my Lord Chancellor had not agreed with 
 him. He said that was very true, but my Lord Chanceller had 
 given him very good reasons for not doing it, upon which my 
 Lord Lieutenant said, ' Then the whole complaint is reduced to 
 the manner of my Lord Primate's refusing to comply with your 
 
199 
 
 request.' Such stuff as this is hardly worth mentioning to you, 
 but all I mean to convey is that the Primate was their object of 
 resentment, and that they made him the praetext of the ill 
 humour they proposed shewing upon the first opportunity. 
 
 " Several conversations as little to the purpose passed in the 
 course of the week preceding the opening of the Session, and the 
 Speaker declined from day to day giving any satisfaction to my 
 Lord Lieutenant in regard to the Addresses, and it soon became 
 the publick conversation through the whole town that the usual 
 compliments were to be withheld ; and three days before the 
 meeting the Speaker made no secret to his friends that in the 
 Address to the King thanks should not be returned to his 
 Majesty for continuing the Duke of Dorset in the Government of 
 this kingdom, that it might appear that his administration was 
 as disagreeable to the House of Commons as Lord Kildare had 
 represented, and that he could never join in any thanks after 
 what he had wrote last year to Mr. Pelham upon that subject 
 without contradicting what he had then asserted. This being 
 their declared resolution, and Lord Kildare going about assuring 
 everybody that they should carry their point by a majority of 
 thirty-six, made it highly necessary for my Lord Lieutenant to do 
 everything in his power to prevent so great an insult upon 
 Government. We called upon all our friends for support, and it 
 was no small satisfaction to find gentlemen of the greatest weight 
 and property ready to assist us, and we had settled to have pro- 
 posed an amendment to their resolution. Mr. Rowley was to 
 have moved and Mr. Conolly was to have seconded it. We could 
 not have found two gentlemen in the House so considerable by 
 their fortunes and so free from party engagements. The person 
 who was to have moved for the resolution for the Address was 
 Mr. Pakenham, a relation of Lord Kildare's, and kept from going 
 to the Bath for this purpose, and his Lordship was extremely 
 pleased with this publick avowal which he hoped to have of his 
 Memorial. The number of members that were brought to 
 town was inconceivable, and for four or five days we were in a 
 continual hurry of speaking to individuals and finding out their 
 dispositions, and you may be sure when I saw that we should 
 have sufficient support that I was extremely happy. 
 
 " The day before the meeting the Speaker perceived he had 
 gone too far, and my Lord Lieutenant had hints given him that 
 if he would suffer the Address to the King to pass without hav- 
 ing any amendment moved, the rest of the Session should be 
 made easy to him. The same things were said to me by Mr. 
 Clements, who enforced his arguments by saying that there was 
 a majority against us, and that the compliment now in question 
 was omitted to my Lord Harrington in his last Session. I said 
 the case was very different on account of Lord Kildare's 
 Memorial, and that I knew our ground better than he did, and 
 that it would be less disgracefull to be beat than to own by giving 
 it up that we could not be supported. He then told me that he 
 could not influence the two Mr. Gores, who were thought to be 
 absolutely dependant on him. 
 
200 
 
 "I was a little surprized at this, but did not say what I thought 
 upon the occasion. The next morning a direct proposal came 
 from the Speaker to the same purpose, from which I was certain 
 he saw his own weakness, and my Lord Lieutenant's answer was 
 that it was impossible he could submit to such an omission 
 without giving up the authority and dignity of government. It 
 was then within an hour of the time of going to the House, and 
 the Speaker as usual called at the Castle in his way thither and 
 then told his Grace that his respect personally to him was such 
 that he had prevailed upon his friends to do him all possible 
 honour, and that there should be in the Address to the King the 
 proper thanks to his Majesty for continuing him in the Govern- 
 ment. A victory without fighting was most eligible, but how 
 they brought my Lord Kildare to consent to be so exposed I can- 
 not comprehend. My Lord Lieutenant and I received this as a 
 compliment from the Speaker and not as the effect of his weak- 
 ness, and I hope with proper management and temper we may 
 contrive it so as to have an easy and an honourable Session. 
 We endeavour as much as possible to prevent our friends from 
 triumphing, for fear of irritating too much, and I beg leave to 
 assure you that I will behave with such moderation that 
 if we are obliged hereafter to disagree you may be convinced 
 that it was not owing to want of prudence or to my 
 not being as much as possible inclined to peace. I for- 
 got to mention to you that if they had been able to have 
 carry'd the Address in their own way they were to have 
 proposed a question for removing the Primate from his Majesty's 
 councils, &c. This violence on their side I hope will abate when 
 they see that the King's representative can be supported without 
 the assistance of many of those who enjoy great offices under the 
 Crown. 
 
 " I cannot say enough of the zealous support my Lord Chancellor 
 has given us upon this occasion, and Mr. Ponsonby took infinite 
 pains to convince all his personal friends of the necessity of 
 shewing respect to Government." Draft. 
 
 Lord Holdernesse to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1753, Nov. 8. London. — Thanks Lord George for his circum- 
 stantial account of what may probably be the objects of the 
 Opponents in Ireland during the remainder of this Session of 
 Parliament. The victory on the first day will enable the Duke 
 of Dorset's Government to baffle all attempts that shall be made 
 to clog the wheels of Government or to put a slur on those in 
 whom his Grace places his confidence. Lord Holdernesse will 
 soon have occasion to write to the Duke of Dorset concerning 
 some disaffected persons supposed to be in Ireland. " In the 
 mean time I am to direct your Lordship by his Majesty's 
 command to give the necessary orders at the Post Office for 
 inspecting all letters addressed to George, Patrick, or Henry 
 Savage, merchants in Douglas, Isle of Man, as also to — 
 
201 
 
 Peppard or Pippard, merchant in Liverpool, and that you should 
 send copies of the same to me." 
 
 Lord M [olineu] x has offered his services to the borough of 
 Queenborough, and has been generous in his expences and 
 promises there, but will be pretty warmly opposed. 
 
 Duke of Dorset to the Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 [1753, November 16?°] — "I should have been earlier in 
 returning my thanks to your Grace for the honour of your most 
 kind letter if I had not expected (as your Grace very justly 
 apprehended) that the violent spirit which shewed itself here 
 before the opening of the session would not be subdued by one 
 defeat and would probably furnish me with other materials for 
 writing than bare acknowledgements of your Grace's favour. 
 
 " After the assurances given me by those of his Majesty's 
 servants whose dispositions I had the most reason to doubt that 
 everything within their province should be done in the best 
 manner for the King's service, I was greatly surprized to find, 
 that the dispute (which indeed was the rise of all other disputes 
 here) concerning his Majesty's right of applying the money in 
 this Treasury was to be revived. But when the Bill for applying 
 a part of that money to the discharge of the publick debt was to 
 be prepared, the Prime Serjeant refused to admitt the recital 
 signifying his Majesty's consent and recommendation, as the 
 same Bill came amended last session from England and was 
 passed in both Houses of Parliament here. 
 
 " As soon as I was informed of this proceeding, I sent for the 
 Speaker and the Master of the Kolls, whom I found fixed in the 
 same sentiments : and the Master of the Kolls, who, being Chair- 
 man of the Committee of Supply, was necessarily to bring the 
 Bill into the House of Commons, absolutely refused to insert the 
 words used in the preamble to the last Bill. The Prime 
 Serjeant, whom I saw afterwards, was immoveable in his 
 opinion, and declared farther to me that, if this point was 
 insisted upon, and should be carried, he was assured that no 
 supply would hereafter be granted to his Majesty but under strict 
 appropriations, by which any future redundancies of money, and 
 consequently any future disputes upon this subject, would be 
 prevented. 
 
 " I called together those of his Majesty's servants in whom I 
 could best confide, and found them all of opinion that I ought by 
 no means to hazard so material [a] point of the King's prerogative 
 to a sudden decision in the House of Commons (as the Bills were 
 to be offered to the House in a few hours) especially in these 
 circumstances, when the attack upon the prerogative was made 
 by the principal officers of the Crown. I have, therefore, by the 
 advice of the Primate, the Chancellor, the late Chief Justice 
 Singleton, and others, suffered the Bill to pass the House of 
 Commons f without offering any amendment. The omission is 
 
 * See Lord Holdernesse's letter of Nov. 22. (S. P. Ireland. Entry Book 4, p. 46 J 
 f On Nov. 14. See Journals of Irish House of Commons under date. 
 
202 
 
 described in the letter from the Council here to my Lord 
 Holdernesse ; and I take for granted will be supplied according 
 to the form in which it passed last session. 
 
 " In an affair of this delicate nature I could not venture to 
 take any other steps without the King's express commands. The 
 difficulty of prevailing upon country gentlemen to persevere long 
 in supporting the prerogative against those who enjoy the chief 
 offices of honour, emolument, and influence, must occur to your 
 Grace, and I very much apprehend that as this direct affront to 
 his Majesty's authority calls so strongly for some marks of 
 resentment, it may be of very bad consequence to this and all 
 succeeding Governments in this country, if it should be suffered 
 to pass without proper notice being taken of it. 
 
 " I have made my letter longer than I intended or than is 
 necessary, as the Primate is to inform your Grace particularly of 
 the situation of our affairs. 
 
 "I must beg your Grace to accept my sincerest thanks for the 
 very kind concern you are so good as to take in these transac- 
 tions, which have been troublesome enough to me, but are 
 yet attended with no small satisfaction, as I have every day more 
 reasons to convince me of the necessity there was of putting some 
 stop to the power that was grown here ; and the longer the 
 attempt had been delayed the struggle must have been still more 
 violent. 
 
 " I propose very soon to desire my Lord Holdernesse to lay 
 before his Majesty my recommendation of Dr. Cox, Bishop of 
 Ossory, for the Archbishoprick of Cashell, and of Mr. Maurice to 
 succeed him in the Bishoprick of Ossory. 
 
 "Your Grace will recollect that there are now three English 
 Archbishops upon the Bench here, so that this vacancy must be 
 tilled from the Irish side, and Dr. Cox I think is the properest 
 person that can be taken. Maurice is a man of eminence in his 
 profession, and I have rather chosen him on account of his 
 general reputation, which is very high, than from any private 
 connections or recommendation." Draft. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Mr. Pelham. 
 
 [1753, November.] — Informs him of the difficulties that had 
 arisen with regard to the Money Bills to be introduced into the 
 House, Mr. Prime Serjeant having declared that no consideration 
 would prevail upon him to agree to the preamble for paying the 
 National Debt, and to his Majesty's asserting the right to deal 
 with the balance in the Treasury. The Lord Lieutenant 
 sent for the Speaker and Master of the Rolls and informed 
 them he considered this an attack upon the King's prerogative, 
 but they replied they were in hopes his Majesty would not insist 
 upon words being inserted which must create such a general 
 uneasiness in the minds of the people. The Lord Lieutenant 
 
 * These appointments were made on January 3, 1754. 
 
203 
 
 also sent for the Prime Serjeant, the chief author of the 
 objections to the Bill, who went further than the others had 
 done in showing that the Crown had no right to dispose of the 
 balance in the Treasury, and added that if this point should be 
 carried by the King it would be fatal to his prerogative, for no 
 money would ever be granted for the future without being appro- 
 priated to particular purposes, which would prevent any balance 
 remaining in the Treasury that could create fresh disputes. The 
 Lord Lieutenant then advised with the Primate, the Chancellor, 
 the Attorney and Solicitor-General, and the late Chief Justice 
 Singleton, who were unanimously of opinion that the most 
 prudent method for his Grace to proceed in was to suffer the Bill to 
 pass unmolested through the House in the manner they thought 
 proper to bring it in, but at the same time to declare that it was 
 reasonable to expect that his Majesty would be advised to assert 
 his own right by having such alterations made in the Council in 
 England as might secure his prerogative. The Bill therefore will 
 be received without the preamble, and when returned, the Duke 
 hopes for his Majesty's particular commands how to proceed 
 with the gentlemen that have expressed so strong a resolution to 
 deprive the King of so valuable a branch of his prerogative, and 
 who speak confidently of being able to reject the Bill if amended. 
 This seems doubtful, but even if it is so, the King will not be 
 immediately affected; the creditors will be the only sufferers. 
 Draft. 
 
 The Lords of Council in England to the Duke of Dorset, 
 Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and the Council. 
 
 1753, November 28. — Stating that his Majesty judges it 
 necessary to insert words relating to his previous consent in the 
 the present, as he had done in the former Bill for the payment 
 of part of the National Debt. Copy. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Mr. Pelham. 
 
 [1753, end of November?] — Kelative to Mr. Nevil Jones, who 
 was accused of not having complied with the resolutions of the 
 House, in obliging the contractors to make good the several 
 deficiencies in the barracks built under his directions. Mr. 
 Jones offered to defray the deficiencies out of his own pocket, 
 but the Speaker demanded his expulsion from the House, and 
 Mr. Jones's offer was accordingly refused, and his expulsion was 
 carried,* although many who voted against him declared him to 
 be a man of worth and integrity. The Armagh election is the 
 next object with the Opposition and it will not be surprizing if 
 they carry it. Bemarks on the expected alteration (in England) 
 in the Money Bill. 
 
 * On Nov. 23. See Commons Journals, Ireland, v. 176. 
 
201 
 
 The Duke of Dokset to the Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 [1753, December, between the 17th and 24.] — Relating how 
 the preamble of the Bill for the Payment of the Debt had " last 
 Monday" been rejected in the Irish House of Commons through 
 the "violent and inflammatory opposition " of members holding- 
 offices under the Crown, and suggesting that these persons 
 should be deprived of their offices, and that the Speaker, who in 
 committee voted against the preamble, should not again be 
 entrusted with the care of his Majesty's prerogative as one of the 
 Lords Justices. Proposes to pass the Supply and Money Bills, 
 and then to adjourn for three weeks to give time for consideration 
 and directions. Copy. 
 
 Mrs. Walkinshaw to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1754, Jan. 3. London. — Reminding him of a poor woman 
 whom she had recommended to him for a share of the bounty 
 money, and who is old, poor, and both the daughter and sister of 
 officers. But Mrs. Walkinshaw depends more on Lord George's 
 good nature and humanity than on any other claim. 
 
 Lord G. Sackville to Mr. Pelham. 
 
 [1754, January 14.] — The Lord Lieutenant is writing to the 
 Duke of Newcastle in answer to his very satisfactory letter, 
 expressing his Majesty's pleasure and intentions in regard to 
 his present and future conduct. It is thought better to defer 
 executing the King's orders until after adjourning the House of 
 Commons, which it is proposed to do by message to-morrow, for 
 three weeks longer, "before the expiration of which we hope to 
 receive the King's commands for a prorogation." [The King's 
 pleasure on this point was signified to the Duke of Dorset by Lord 
 Holderness in a letter of the 24th of January.] "It is impossible 
 to express the great pains that have been taken to alarm the 
 people throughout the kingdom and to alienate their minds from 
 their duty to the King .... 
 
 " I have prevailed upon a gentleman equal to the undertaking 
 to state this disputed amendment in the preamble of the Money 
 Bill in a pamphlet, and explain the nature of the hereditary 
 revenue and the right which the King has to the ballance in 
 the Treasury after the services of Government are fullfilled ; I 
 have also directed that the Bill itself should be printed and 
 dispersed ; for you cannot conceive the absurd things that are 
 reported to have been contained in it." I can hardly believe that 
 the Speaker will continue in employment after his friends are 
 dismissed. If he would seperate himself from them he well 
 knows that he would be received with open arms. "I have in 
 
 * The House met on Jan. 15, and was at once re-adjourned until Feb. 5. 
 
205 
 
 the course of this winter more than once offered my service in 
 bringing about any accommodation that would be agreeable to 
 him. The last answer he made me was remarkeable, 'You know,' 
 says he, ' my situation as well as I can tell it to you. I can do 
 nothing without the consent of all my friends, and I must 
 support them who have formerly supported me.' What he then 
 declared was very true, for he is by no means the leader of the 
 party that makes use of his name, and as the House of Commons 
 is so nearly divided, any one of those who have the least 
 following would, by seperating from the rest, give us a clear 
 majority, so that the chiefs of the Opposition for common safety 
 have been obliged to flatter and support the passions and absurd 
 propositions of each other. I have been particularly carefull in 
 keeping myself upon as familiar a footing as possible with the 
 chief people in opposition, excepting the Earl of Kildare, who 
 has not taken the least notice of me this winter. But as to the 
 Speaker, the Master of the Rolls, and the Prime Serjeant, we 
 have occasionally been at each others houses and have every day 
 conversed together in the House of Commons. This I did with 
 a view that if any accommodation had been proposed, I might 
 have keen in a situation to have promoted the completion of it." 
 The filling up of the Mastership of the Eolls may be of great 
 consequence. One of the Gores, high in the profession of the 
 law, aims at being Solicitor-General. If, when Mr. Carter is dis- 
 placed, Gore, who is now counsel to the Commissioners of the 
 Revenue, would shew an inclination to be reconciled to the 
 Government, it would be the most advisable step that could be 
 taken to make the Attorney- General Master of the Rolls, and 
 so make room for Mr. John Gore° to be Solicitor- General. If 
 this should succeed there would be " such a break among that 
 family that we should have little trouble in securing a settled 
 majority in the House of Commons. . . . 
 
 "As the packett which this instant is arrived has brought your 
 letter of the 8th to my Lord Lieutenant, he will take the first oppor- 
 tunity of thanking you for it. In the meantime he desires me to 
 say what appeared to me to be the motives of the motion made 
 in respect to the augmenting the pay of the Infantry in Ireland. 
 It was understood here in the light it struck you as a low artifice 
 of making their court after what had happened about the Money 
 Bill. ... I should think his Majesty, if he should be pleased 
 to grant this favour to his troops, should do it in that manner as 
 might make it appear his own act, and if it was deferred for 
 some months and some little variation made in the establishment 
 from what is mentioned in the Address, I should think it would 
 have that effect. I perceive the Majors are omitted in that plan, 
 and there is more difference between the English and Irish 
 establishment in that rank than in any other. Whether you 
 would think proper to advise the King to include them upon this 
 occasion, I submit to your consideration." 
 
 * Mr. John Gore did not become Solicitor-General till 1760 ; he was afterwards 
 made Chief Justice of the King's Bench, and was, in 1766, created Lord Annaly. 
 
206 
 
 Lord Holderness to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1754, Jan. 19. London. — Explanatory of an office letter which 
 he has sent to the Duke of Dorset with respect to the despatch of 
 troops to India. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to [Lord Holderness]. 
 
 1754, Jan. 20. Dublin Castle. — Before dismissing Mr. Carter, 
 &c, from their employments, in obedience to the King's com- 
 mands, the Lord Lieutenant thought proper " to inform the 
 Speaker of the orders he had received ; of the resentment the 
 King had expressed at the behaviour of his servants, and of the 
 lenity that had been shown personally to him." The Speaker 
 did not attempt to justify the conduct of himself or his friends in 
 rejecting the Money Bill, nor did he hint at resigning his employ- 
 ment, " so that if he should be determined not to give the proper 
 assurances of his serving Government, he had rather have it to 
 say that he was turned out than that he had refused continuing 
 in the King's service." The Prime Serjeant Malone, Mr. Boyle, 
 and Colonel Dilkes received their dismissal from his Majesty's 
 service with great propriety and decency. "As to Mr. Carter, he 
 sent an excuse that he could not wait upon my Lord Lieutenant 
 that morning as he was seized with the gout in his hand. Upon 
 that I was sent to his house, but before I saw him the Speaker had 
 acquainted him with the business that I went upon. He said he 
 was concerned at being dismissed his Majesty's service, but that 
 he could not have acted otherwise than he did without quitting 
 those friends to whom he had been attached for thirty years 
 past. He desired me to assure my Lord Lieutenant that his 
 being out of employment would not alter his conduct in the least, 
 and if any business was to come into Parliament in which he 
 could, before his dismission, have assisted Government, he 
 should be equally ready to do it in his present situation. In the 
 course of his conversation it was very plain that this measure 
 had been first undertaken and afterwards pursued in complyance 
 with the opinion of the Prime Serjeant Malone. The warrant 
 appointing Mr. Stannard Prime Serjeant will be signed to- 
 morrow, and I am persuaded that choice will be generally 
 approved of. I have not heard that anybody says that those 
 gentlemen have not very well deserved the resentment that has 
 been shown to them." 
 
 The Duke of Dorset to the Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 1754, Feb. 5. D[ublin] C[astle]. — In accordance with his 
 Majesty's pleasure signified in Lord Holdernesse's letter of the 
 24th Jan., Parliament has been prorogued until the 2nd of April. 
 I have consulted with several of his Majesty's servants and others 
 on the question of declaring or ascertaining the right of the Crown 
 to the disposal of the surplus, &c. They were unanimously of 
 
207 
 
 opinion that the most proper method to be pursued would be by 
 his Majesty's ordering under his sign manual the disposition of 
 the money to the same uses for which it was designed by the Bill 
 which is rejected. This they think will be a full assertion of his 
 Majesty's right, and the only one that can be made with any 
 propriety on the present occasion. Lord Sidney's protest in 1692° 
 was taken into consideration immediately after the rejecting of the 
 Bill, but the circumstances of the case were so different from what 
 has now passed, that there did not appear any foundation for 
 drawing a precedent from it. "But we were then of opinion that 
 the application of a sum sufficient for the discharge of the debt by 
 the King's sign manual will be a clear vindication of his Majesty's 
 right, and is the more to be desired as it will be attended with 
 an act of graciousness from his Majesty to the public. . . . 
 
 " I have had one conversation with the Speaker since the pro- 
 rogation. I told him that although he had not himself 
 personally felt the effects of the King's resentment, yet he could 
 no longer doubt that his Majesty must be highly dissatisfied with 
 his late conduct, but that the King's servants, and I amongst 
 others, were inclined to hope that he had been in a manner 
 forced into measures against his judgment, and if he were now 
 disposed to assist with his weight in carrying on the King's 
 service in concert with those whom his Majesty had appointed or 
 should appoint for that purpose, I should use my best endeavours 
 in making his offers of service acceptable to the King. He began 
 with the usual professions of duty and loyalty to the King, to 
 which I answered that I made no question of his being a loyal 
 subject to the King, but the business now was whether he would 
 become an useful servant, which he must allow had not been of 
 late the case, and that I must have a clear and explicit answer to 
 that point. After mentioning the difficulties he was under from 
 connections and engagements, he desired a little time for con- 
 sideration before he returned an answer in a matter of so great 
 importance. 
 
 " This is all the information (and it carries very little 
 satisfaction with it) that I am yet able to give your Grace with 
 regard to the Speaker's future conduct, but as far as can be 
 collected from symptoms and circumstances I cannot say that 
 there is much probability of his so totally changing his scheme 
 and manner of acting as to bring any advantage to his Majesty's 
 service. But till this point is absolutely determined, I entirely 
 agree with your Grace that the consideration of the lesser 
 employments is indifferent, excepting that Sir Bichard Cox has 
 made himself so obnoxious both during the session and since to 
 all ranks of people who have supported the Government, that 
 his removal is expected and wished for with unusual impatience, 
 and I cannot help desiring (more as a measure than as a 
 gratification of resentment) that I may be empowered to signify 
 to the Commissioners of the Bevenue his Majesty's pleasure for 
 removing him. 
 
 * See p. 235, below. 
 
208 
 
 "If the Speaker refuses to explain himself I shall think it 
 necessary to proceed immediately to the forming of an adminis- 
 tration upon some new system, and shall have many things to 
 submit to his Majesty's consideration, upon which, not knowing 
 what turn would be finally taken by the Speaker, I have been 
 hitherto silent ; amongst which the management of the Treasury 
 is very material, it being impossible for any administration to be 
 formed with any hope of success unless that important branch of 
 it is under the direction of persons that can be confided in." 
 Draft, 
 
 Henry Pelham to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1754, Feb. 28. — " Pursuant to my own original opinion, 
 confirmed by your Grace's advice and authority, and also by that 
 of most of the King's servants in Ireland, transmitted hither in 
 your letter to my brother, I have prepared, and the King has 
 signed, the proper instrument to your Grace for the payment of 
 77,500?. towards discharging the National Debt. ... I must 
 own my opinion to your Grace freely, which is that if the Crown 
 had not exerted its authority in this instance, it would have been 
 highly improbable that another proper opportunity would have 
 happened. My mind is therefore extremely at ease. . . . There 
 is another King's letter also for the increase of pay to the officers 
 and private men of the Foot, pursuant to the address of the 
 Commons transmitted in your Grace's letter to the Treasury. . . . 
 We wait with great impatience for the arrival of Lord George and 
 your Grace's final representation of what appears to you necessary 
 to be done for the better settlement of your Government. 
 Strange and surprising accounts of the behaviour of the 
 Opposition come over every day. We think you have shewn 
 great candour in giving the Speaker an opportunity to reconcile 
 himself to the Government if he pleases. For my part I have 
 long despaired of it, and indeed he has as good as said so, by 
 attending their drunken and mobbish assemblys att the very 
 time he was treating with your Grace. I shall say nothing of my 
 opinion as to what is passed, but if a proper stand is not now 
 made the dependancy of Ireland upon this country is over/' 
 
 The King to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. 
 
 1754, March 2. — For the additional pay of M. per diem to the 
 captains, 2d, to the subaltern officers and a penny to the privates 
 of the foot regiments in Ireland. Copy. 
 
 Duke of Dorset to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1754, March 27. Dublin Castle.—" ... I shall have no 
 sort of objection to Lord Besborough, if our friends in England 
 approve of the measure; you know the great objection I had to it 
 will be removed if the King and his servants are not against It ; 
 
209 
 
 as to the Lord Deputy, will there not be difficulties about his pay, 
 and other little points. I do not mention this by way of 
 objection, for you know Lord Hertford will be very agreeable to 
 me and all our friends.""' 
 
 Lord Huntingdon to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1754, May 8. London. — Eequesting the Duke's recommen- 
 dation of his brother-in-law, Lord Rawdon, to an earldom. 
 
 Alexander Bisset to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1754, May 14. Dublin.—" ... I take the liberty of 
 wishing you joy of my Lord Duke's leaving this country in the 
 manner he did on Friday last. It is agreed on all hands that no 
 Lord Lieutenant has ever been so attended as his Grace was, and 
 among the prodigious number of people who assembled to see 
 him pass there was no sign of ill humour, but all the decency 
 and respect imaginable. It may perhaps be accounted for how it 
 happened that nothing like an insult was attempted in the 
 streets or upon the North Wall, but I am sure nothing could have 
 prevented any indecent indications of disrespect from the windows 
 of the houses, at each of which I believe there were half a dozen 
 people from the Castle Gate to the place where my Lord Duke 
 embarked. This behaviour of the people in general must have pro- 
 ceeded from good will, and it may certainly be concluded from it 
 that the attempts to poison and enflame them have by no means 
 had the desired effect. Mr. Sp — k — r yesterday had an address! 
 presented to him by Sir Samuel Cook with about seven or eight 
 gentlemen, thirty or fourty merchants, and two or three hundred 
 mob, who went round the town and groaned or hurraed as they 
 were directed at the houses of the principal people. Each of the 
 Lords Justices were groaned. My Lord Kildare, before whose 
 door they assembled, was not in town. It is said they meant to 
 assure his Lordship that they were not concerned in the parade 
 of Friday last. They attempted no violence anywhere, nor were 
 they heard of any more after a party of men were sent out 
 against them by my Lord Molesworth." 
 
 Cornet Edward Smith to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1754, May 29. Maryborough. — Our march being so quick 
 after our review prevented my letting you know that we had so 
 bad a day that we could only go through our evolutions and trot 
 home as soon as we could. I hope to merit the kindness you 
 have shown me in taking me into your troop by my diligence 
 and care of the men. Maryborough barrack is very agreeable, 
 
 * Cf. Horace Walpole's Memoirs, Vol. 1., p. 390 (H. Colburn, London, 1847). 
 f From the city of Cork. See this address versified at p. 239. 
 
 21250 O 
 
210 
 
 and I hear that Col. Sugborough's health encouraged him to 
 venture home, and " gives me a very good chance of making the 
 old barrack smell very comfortable, though I must own I 
 think I have a much better chance of Preston or Ashenhurst, 
 who are both so much in love you would think they could never 
 outlive the week. Besides, poor Preston is just out of a 
 sweeting, so that his passion for Miss Myhill must fling him 
 into a consumption, and Ashenhurst so violently fond of Belle 
 Waldern that bumpers to her health must putt him in a high 
 fever." 
 
 Thomas Waite to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1754, June 1. Dublin Castle. — The Speaker left Dublin last 
 Wednesday morning for Lord Carrick's. He went to the Lord 
 Chancellor's the day before, but his Lordship was in the Four 
 Courts. Frederick Gore sailed for Parkgate last Tuesday on his 
 way to London, to settle matters in his new occupation of wine- 
 merchant. Lord Bessborough is at Ben Burton's, whence he 
 proceeds to Bessborough. The Chancellor expected him to 
 dinner this day at Merion, and was not a little out of temper 
 when he found he was gone into the country without keeping 
 his engagement. 
 
 Examinations have been taken by my Lord Mayor, and his 
 Lordship has issued a warrant thereupon for apprehending Mr. 
 Drury, but for what offence I cannot yet learn. Drury sent a 
 friend yesterday to his Lordship to desire to see the examinations, 
 and to know whether he would take bail without Drury' s personal 
 appearance before him. He refused a sight of the examinations, 
 but said he would take bail if Drury attended him in person, and 
 not otherwise. He was then asked whether the warrant that he 
 had issued was for any riot, to which he replied that it was for 
 something more than a riot, but would not explain. Drury in 
 the mean time keeps out of the way, not choosing to be dragg'd 
 along the streets like a vagaband and to be made a spectacle of, 
 which would certainly be the case if my Lord Mayor's 
 Bagamufnns could lay hold of him. Some time ago, there was 
 a quarrel in the Liberty between two men, in which one was so 
 severely beaten by the other that he died soon after. The report 
 is that the man who beat the other was instigated thereto by 
 Drury, who had given money and drink to several people to 
 knock down all those who should speak disrespectfully of my 
 Lord Lieutenant. ... I have seen Drury very often since 
 my Lord Lieutenant left; ... he has very frequently 
 observed to me how happy a circumstance it was for him that 
 upon the day when my Lord Lieutenant set out from hence, the 
 people whom he carried with him to the water-side separated 
 and went home without committing the least irregularity or 
 disorder, and that the patriots had it not in their power to attack 
 him for having been guilty of any action whatever that was 
 contrary to law. I am afraid that there are several in this town 
 
211 
 
 capable of swearing and procuring persons to swear anything 
 against him, and that in the present disposition of the minds of 
 jurymen, if he was to be brought to trial, he would be found 
 guilty. Your Lordship will have heard from my Lord Primate 
 that the grand jury of the city of Dublin have thought proper to 
 throw out the bills of indictment that were preferred against 
 Williamson and others for the villainous libels that they 
 published in the Universal Advertise!' last winter. I presume 
 that thereupon the Government will order the Attorney or 
 Solicitor General to file informations in the King's Bench 
 against those libellers, as is the practice in London. 
 
 Postscript. — " I hope Miss Sambrooke has forty thousand 
 pounds at last. Indeed, my Lord, you cannot afford to take 
 less." 
 
 Thomas Waite to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1754, June 4. Dublin Castle. — Mr. Gardiner has prayed the 
 Lords Justices for a warrant for moneys paid to the sergeants, 
 corporals and drummers added to Col. Alderson's regiment 
 upon their embarkation for the East Indies. Their Excellencies 
 seem of opinion that the money ought to be paid by Great 
 Britain. Drury still keeps out of the way. " I am told that on 
 the night of the Speaker's arrival at Leighlin Bridge there were 
 several bonfires made, and all in abundance given to the people, 
 but all at his own expence. If your Lordship has any curiosity 
 to see the characters of the three Lords Justices [the Primate, 
 the Chancellor and Lord Bessborough] drawn by a patriot 
 hand, you will find them in the Universal Advertiser of this 
 day." This day being the Prince of Wales' birthday, we had a 
 tolerable full Levee. The Lord Mayor appeared with all his 
 proper attendants about him. The Surveyor-General finds 
 Duncannon Fort in a most wretched condition. Lord Rothes 
 goes there tomorrow morning. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1754, June 4. Dublin Castle. — Concerning the intended 
 disposal of Ensign Beresford Moore's commission to Mr. George 
 Clarke, and Lord Bessborough's wish that Mr. John Warren, son 
 of Major Abel Warren, should be allowed to purchase it instead. 
 
 Col. Chevenix to the Same. 
 
 1754, June 6. Carlow. — Concerning Capt. Acheson, Lieut. 
 Preston, Capt. Killigrew and Adjutant Peterkin, officers in his 
 regiment. 
 
212 
 
 The Primate to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1754, June 6. Leixlip. — Eeturned last night from Dublin, 
 where he went to celebrate the Prince's birthday. "Everything 
 there is quiet, and all indecencies seem to be at an end." Lord 
 Bessborough is in the country, and Cunningham and his lady 
 at Fortescue's. A progress to Monaghan is intended. 
 
 Captain E. Cuningham to the Same. 
 
 1754, June 6. Reynoldstown. — Matrimony goes on success- 
 fully and pleasantly. Lord Limerick is very civil. Fortescue 
 and Lady Blayney Fortescue wish to say all that is friendly to 
 Lord George, who is "so very well in this family " that the 
 writer cannot fail to be so also, while he remains in his 
 Lordship's favour. 
 
 Thomas Waite to the Same. 
 
 1754, June 11. Dublin Castle. — Mr. Drury still keeps out of 
 the way. Alderman Dawson told Mr. Merydeth last night that 
 Mr. Clements would not be removed from the Treasury. It is 
 reported that Dick Boyle, who lately went to England, is to 
 fight Mr. Maxwell before he returns. I hear Lord Moles worth 
 is in a declining condition, and I would not give a month's 
 purchase for General Bichbell's life. How should Nevil prepare 
 for the next session, about his barrack matters ? He will 
 conform to whatever is thought proper. 
 
 The Bishop of Ferns to the Same. 
 
 1754, June 11. " Chappel Izod."— On behalf of the Rev. 
 Peter Hichington, chaplain to O'Farrel's regiment, who, having 
 been presented by the writer to a prebend and parish in the 
 diocese of Leighlin, had to read himself in, and could not 
 attend the musters, but from whom three months' pay as army 
 chaplain has been nevertheless "respited" ; and of a printer who 
 for the better support of his family and his father is solicitous 
 of being discharged from the army. " We are here in a dead 
 calm of politicks, which even the late squawl from the English 
 coast of the State of Ireland* has not ruffled. I doubt whether 
 the notion of its coming from your side of the water be true, for 
 it carries with it so much spleen and bitterness and so very 
 much of the galled withers, that I am much mistaken if its 
 author has not had some occasion given him to wince. . . . 
 Our English pens rarely are so envenomed in things they either 
 know nothing of, or concern themselves so little about." 
 
 P.S. — " We had just such a summer as this last winter, said 
 Dr. Swift, I suppose of such a one as this is." 
 
 * "The State of Ireland laid open to the view of his Majesty's subjects," 
 London, 1754. An attack upon Archbishop Stone and Lord Geo. Sackville. 
 See Adderley's letter in the Report on the Charlemont MSS. (Report xii, pt. 4. 
 p. 19G.) 
 
218 
 
 William Richardson to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1754, June 11. Dublin. — Many of the friends of the Govern- 
 ment are made uneasy, since not only his nearest relatives but 
 Mr. Clements himself says that he has made his peace on the 
 terms I mentioned. The conclusion generally drawn from this 
 is that the Lord Lieutenant must have resolved not to honour us 
 any more with his presence here. These surmises obstruct the 
 endeavours of the friends of the Government with individuals, 
 and are attended with several bad consequences besides. The 
 uncertain state the Treasury is considered to be in is attended 
 with great loss to the kingdom in general, " for not a banker, as 
 I am well informed, will discount the most unquestionable bills, 
 nay bills upon themselves although accepted, much less lend one 
 penny until this point be cleared up." The damp this casts on 
 the most zealous of the friends of the Government, and the 
 encouragement it gives to the adherents of the other side, 
 is deserving of serious consideration. There is not a member of 
 either side that does not know how the gentlemen of the 
 Treasury behaved to Government the last two sessions. I have 
 endeavoured to remove the uneasiness, and account for things 
 not being yet done, but I cannot conceal from you that these 
 things are by the generality placed to the account of the Lord 
 Lieutenant and not to the backwardness of the King or his other 
 ministers. 
 
 Thomas Waite to the Same. 
 
 1754, June 13. Dublin Castle. — Mr. Clements says the Duke 
 of Dorset told the King that he, Clements, was the most proper 
 person in the Kingdom for the employment which he holds in 
 the Treasury here. The report that he is to continue gains 
 ground and makes the friends of Government very uneasy. It 
 is likewise given out that Mr. Dilkes has presented a memorial 
 to the Duke of Cumberland, who on learning that he had not 
 been dismissed by Court-Martial, said " Sir, there is something 
 very strange in your case ; I assure you I will inquire strictly 
 into it." 
 
 The Earl of Rothes to the Same. 
 
 1754, June 13. Dublin. — Concerning the review of the army 
 for the year, reports thereon, &c. 
 
 Sir Robert Wilmot to the Same. 
 
 1754, June 15. St. James' Street. — Concerning the title deeds 
 of a house leased from Lady Shiers to Mr. Durham, and assigned 
 by him and Lord Archibald Hamilton to Lord Cathcart. "If 
 your Lordship likes the title as it stands in the enclosed 
 paper, I think, as the term is so short, you might have a 
 proper assignment drawn and written upon stamped paper, which 
 would save your Lordship some guineas, which, as you are a poor 
 younger brother, and likely to have an increasing family soon, 
 may as well be laid out in a coral for your first child." 
 
 * Cf. letter on p. 43. 
 
214 
 
 The Primate to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1754, June 20. Leixlip. — Respecting the conditions upon 
 which alone Mr. Clements should be allowed to retain his office 
 in the Treasury. If he is safe upon his present footing, the 
 game is certainly lost. It will be impossible to convince people 
 that he has not made his peace with money, as the Speaker's 
 friends give out. There must be an explicit confession that 
 Government was falsely traduced. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1754, June 22. Dublin.— Mr. Clements has told the Lord 
 Chancellor that Mr. Hill is bringing a letter from my Lord 
 Lieutenant to the Lords Justices, directing them to talk with 
 him (Clements) concerning the assurances he is disposed to 
 give of his behaviour. Mr. Downes has been found run through 
 with a sword in his house in Dawson Street. The poor man 
 was decent, sober and religious. 
 
 Thomas Waite to the Same. 
 
 1754, June 22. Dublin Castle. — ' ' Yesterday morning, Eobin 
 Downes, member for Kildare, was found in his parlour with a 
 sword run through his body. . . . There are hopes of his 
 recovery. He himself says, as the report goes, that he received 
 the wound in a fair duel, . . . but the general opinion 
 seems to be that he transfixed himself, though no one pretends 
 to assign the reason. My Lord Kildare is come to town in vast 
 agitation at this accident. The election for a burgess at Athy 
 comes on next Monday, and Robin was one of his Lordship's 
 most powerful advocates at the late bustle in that town." 
 Rumour has given Downes Commissioner Bourke or Wat Weldon 
 for an antagonist, but I believe quite without reason. Mr. 
 Disney and Surgeon Bradford have prayed the Lords Justices 
 that the troops at Athy may assist the justices if there is any 
 riot at the election, but no order was given. Lord Rothes 
 embarked for Holyhead yesterday. General de Grangues is 
 still in the land of the living, but very weak, and believes himself 
 dying. The Chancellor has expressed himself in such terms 
 about Drury that I fear I shall never get a warrant for the 
 poor fellow's money. The Primate goes to Lord Belfield's on 
 Monday to join Miss Rochford and Mr. Butler in holy matri- 
 mony. The Countess of Waterford has written asking me if 
 there was any ground for the report that Lord Winchelsea was 
 to be Lord Lieutenant. 
 
 The Primate to the Same. 
 
 1754, June 24. Dublin. — Mr. Hill landed this morning and 
 has been with me. I could wish that no commission had been 
 given him to the Lords Justices, but there is no doubt that the 
 deliberation will be held with coolness and temper. General 
 Desgrangues died last night. 
 
215 
 
 Thomas Waitb to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1754, June 25. Dublin Castle. — Announcing the death of 
 Lieutenant-General de Grangues, who died "last Sunday night," 
 and has left Col. Arabin's son, who married his niece, most of his 
 money. General St. George has applied for his regiment. 
 The Bishop of Derry and his family embark for Parkgate 
 next Thursday. Kobin Downes died last night. Drury is 
 now on the Grand Jury for county Dublin, and has not 
 been touched by the Lord Mayor. He says the matter sworn 
 against him is absolutely false. Mr. Ponsonby and Lady Betty 
 have sailed for Holyhead, on their way to Chatsworth. 
 
 Colonel John Arabin to [the Same]. 
 
 1754, June 25. Dublin. — Announces Lieutenant-General De 
 Grangues' death. "As your Lordship has on all occasions 
 honoured me with your good will and protection, hope you'll 
 not be displeased to hear that the General (considering the 
 situation he had been in for some years past with respect to those 
 about him; has disposed of his fortune more to the advantage of 
 his niece, Mrs. Arabin, than was expected he would do. By my 
 calculation (though I am not yet certain) the General is dead 
 worth eleven thousand pounds, and his legacies do not amount to 
 more than four thousand." 
 
 Colonel Philip Chevenix to [the Same]. 
 
 1754, June 25. Powder Mills. — " Last Sunday, in the after- 
 noon, General Desgrangues died. He has left to his sister a 
 hundred and twenty pounds a year during her life, and three 
 hundred pounds. To Mrs. Cartier two thousand pounds English, 
 the house in Dublin with all the furniture, and three hundred 
 pounds to her husband. To Captain Sheyla two hundred pounds, 
 five hundred pounds in small legacies, and the residue of his 
 fortune, with his country house, to Captain Arabin's lady, 
 which may amount to near eight thousand pounds. His 
 executors are Colonel Arabin, Captain Desbrisay, and Capt. 
 Sheyla. . . ." 
 
 Thomas Waite to the Same. 
 
 1754, June 29. Dublin Castle. — Announcing the delivery by 
 Mr. Hill to the Lords Justices of the Lord Lieutenant's letter to 
 their Excellencies in relation to Mr. Clements' being continued 
 in his employment. There is to be a Court-Martial to try 
 Lieut. -Col. Wilson and the others of whom Mr. Colclough and 
 Mr. Bam have complained to the Lord Lieutenant. " A report is 
 gone forth this day that orders are come over for removing 
 every individual patriot that had an employment under 
 Government, the military men not excepted." 
 
216 
 
 Lord Boyne to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 17.54, June 29. — Begs to know if he may have any hopes 
 of his Majesty's further bounty, through the recommendation of 
 the Lord Lieutenant and Lord George. "Ever so little is a 
 help to a person of a small income." 
 
 The Marquess of Hartington to [the Same]. 
 
 1754, July 2. London. — Eecommending Col. Pole to the Duke 
 of Dorset for a regiment of dragoons, if there should be a vacancy 
 by the death of Col. (sic) Degrangues. "I hope your Lordship 
 will be so good as to excuse the liberty I take of desiring you to 
 mention it to his Grace with my most respectful compliments, 
 and to assure him that as I am aware of his kind intentions to 
 Col. Mostyn, that I do not mean it in competition with him, but 
 only to recommend him to his Grace when it shall not interfere 
 with any other engagement." 
 
 Col. John Mostyn to the Same. 
 
 1754, July 2. — Expressing his great obligations to the Lord 
 Lieutenant. Degrangue's death is well known and many 
 candidates are talked of, including Mr. Conway and Lord Bury. 
 
 Thomas Waite to the Same. 
 
 1754, July 2. Dublin Castle.— The Bishop of Litchfield has 
 come on a visit to Lady Betty Southwell. Capt. Killigrew and 
 his lady have embarked for Parkgate, and " a most noble 
 portion of licences of absence, ordinary and extraordinary " 
 have been signed. Sends a pamphlet by Dr. Leland, the famous 
 dissenting minister in Dublin, in answer to a scurrilous pamphlet 
 of Mr. Bruce. 
 
 Major Pepys to the Same. 
 
 1754, July 3. Athy. — Sends the regimental returns for June. 
 As there was an election there lately for sovereign and a burgess, 
 and a great riot in the town, the men were kept in the barracks. 
 They hung poor George Bradford in effigy on the gallows and 
 then dragged it through the streets and afterwards beheaded it 
 and put it (sic) on the Castle. Each party chose a sovereign 
 and burgess, and Saturday sennight they are to elect a burgess 
 [at Kildare] in the room of the unfortunate Mr. Downes. The 
 commanding officer here, Cornet Ball, dined at Mr. Bradford's, 
 "where was a handsome appearance of gentlemen and a genteel 
 entertainment." Cornet Mellifont has returned from Paris and 
 is gone to Kilkenny to be married to Miss Meredyth of Shrouland, 
 who has fifteen hundred pounds. Lieut. Ashenhurst is in a fair 
 way of marrying Miss Bell Waldron, being deeply enamoured. 
 
217 
 
 Thomas Waite to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1751, July 4. Dublin Castle. — The Commissioners of the 
 Customs, Mr. Cavendish and Mr. Bourke, have accepted the 
 Duke of Dorset's recommendation of Sir Kobert Wilmot, but 
 Mr. Bristow doubts whether the office of their Solicitor and that 
 which Sir Robert already holds under the Government are not 
 incompatible. " Mr. Stannard, the Prime Serjeant, called upon 
 me this morning and told me he heard that the Speaker was 
 soon to make a progress through the kingdom, and that it was 
 not [to] be conceived how much the party triumphed at Mr. 
 Clements' s being continued in his employment." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1754, July 6. Dublin Castle. — Recommending Mr. Eyre 
 Evans Powell to succeed Mr. Chaigneau as Register of the 
 barracks. "Last Wednesday night a large quantity of English 
 woolen cloaths just brought home from the Custom House were 
 seized by a great number of the spinners and weavers living in 
 and about the Liberty, and carried into some fields near that 
 part of the town and publickly burnt. The goods were worth 
 upwards of 1,000L" 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1754, July 9. Dublin Castle. — Concerning the transmission 
 of his Lordship's plate and linen to London. " The Lords 
 Justices and Council had a meeting this day upon the affair of 
 burning the English woolen cloths last week, at which meeting 
 the Lord Mayor and Recorder attended, and I hear a proclama- 
 tion is signed against the persons concerned in that outrage, and 
 a considerable reward offered for apprehending and convicting 
 any of them." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1754, July 11. Dublin Castle. — Concerning an allowance to 
 James White of 201. per annum out of Mrs. W T aterson's place of 
 office keeper. Begs to suggest Harry Water son's name in con- 
 nexion with an opening which may shortly occur in Lord 
 George's office. "A Bill of Indictment is found against Justice 
 Drury for a riot by him committed upon the 10th day of May 
 last, which was the day on which my Lord Lieutenant left 
 Dublin. Now it is very remarkable and well known that the 
 people who attended his Grace to the waterside under Drury' s 
 command dispersed and went home without being guilty of any 
 irregularity whatever." 
 
218 
 
 Thomas Waite to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1754, July 20. Dublin Castle. — The Lords Justices yesterday 
 took into consideration the question of Mr. Clements being 
 continued in his employment, but as a messenger sent for him 
 did not find him at the Treasury, they proceeded to other 
 business. The Chief Baron is anxious for a King's letter 
 concerning his State Paper Office affair. The Court-Martial 
 upon Col. Wilson and the other officers assembled this morning, 
 but as no one appeared to support the charge, it was adjourned. 
 
 Lord Tullamoore to [the Same?]. 
 
 1754, July 20. Eedwood. — Sending, at the desire of the Com- 
 missaries of the Musters, a duplicate of a memorial which he 
 had presented for them to the Lord Lieutenant some time before 
 he left Ireland, when he was pleased to say he would take their 
 case into his consideration. Submits whether, since the Commis- 
 saries have " to transact business with gentlemen, and 
 consequently live as such, they can subsist upon their present 
 allowance now that provisions of all kind, especially for horses, 
 bear as high or rather higher prices than ever were known." 
 
 Thomas Waite to [the Same]. 
 
 1754, July 26. Dublin Castle. — Mr. Clements was with the 
 Lords Justices nearly an hour yesterday. The writer hears 
 nothing of the patriots or their motions. The town is 
 exceedingly employed at present in conjecturing whether Mr. 
 Clements is or is not to be continued in his employment. 
 
 Captain K. Cuningham to [the Same?]. 
 
 1754, July 26. Dublin. — " I am just now come from drinking 
 your health at the Solicitor-General's. Stannard dined with us. 
 He says nothing is wanting but resolution to make everything go 
 well. His toast was, ' Kesolution to our friends and let the Lords 
 Justices take care of themselves.' There are great suspicions 
 among our friends that the Lords Justices' answer will not be a 
 proper one, and Stannard meant by his toast that nobody would 
 pity them in any future distresses if they did not take care of 
 themselves upon this occasion. Clements was called in last 
 Monday, and was twice called in yesterday, and before next 
 Monday I do suppose they will have prepared an answer to the 
 Lord Lieutenant's letter. Do not expect a very strong one, for 
 I am afraid his Grace, by the strain of his letter, has recom- 
 mended it to some people to take care of one, and you know 
 that two will never take upon them to send any answer without 
 the concurrence of the third. I wish their answer may prove to 
 be better than is expected, for all depends upon Clements's 
 fate. ..." 
 
219 
 
 Captain John Lyons to Lord George Sackville, Chief Secretary 
 to the Duke of Dorset, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. 
 
 1754, July 27. Council Office, Dublin. — Encloses the produce 
 of his Lordship's office for a quarter ended at Midsummer last. 
 Nothing much of importance has occupied the Council : the old 
 dispute of the Corporation of Clonmel, including all disputes 
 since the year 1724, is to come before them next Monday. The 
 Portreeve of Navan, the only subject which takes the whole 
 public attention, is to be determined on the 29th inst. 
 
 Captain R. Cuningham to the Same. 
 
 1754, July 28. Reynoldstown. — " ... All your friends in 
 this country are gaping for news ; they expect soon to hear that 
 the great event is determined. If the decision does not answer 
 their expectations I shall be most extremely sorry to see you again 
 in this country in the character of a secretary. But I am in 
 hopes that although the Lords Justices may be timid, the 
 necessity of the measure will make our friends on your side of 
 the water more resolute and bold." 
 
 The Lords Justices to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1754, July 29. Dublin Castle.—" My Lord, on Monday last 
 we communicated to Mr. Clements the letter which some time 
 before we had the honour of receiving from your Grace by the 
 hands of Mr. Hill. 
 
 "When Mr. Clements had read the letter he desired us to 
 assure your Grace that he was sincerely concerned to find that 
 he had by his past conduct offended the Government, which he 
 never intended to do, but that he would for the future endeavour 
 to make all possible amends for it. 
 
 "We told him that considering the opposition that had been 
 raised and seemed still to be carrying on against the Government, 
 it might possibly be expected that he should give some particular 
 assurances how far, and with regard to what persons, his 
 influence either by the means of his office or of his private con- 
 nections might extend, that those to whom his Majesty's service 
 was entrusted might know with some degree of certainty what 
 strength they could depend upon in a future session of Parliament. 
 He said that Mr. Mitchell and Mr. Macarell had authorized him 
 to give assurances on their parts, and that he would endeavour 
 to bring his two sons into Parliament ; that he might be able in 
 time to do more, but he would not venture to answer with 
 certainty for more than he was at this time sure that he could 
 effect. 
 
 "In a matter of so great importance to his Majesty's service 
 here, as we conceive this decision to be, we thought it proper to 
 defer writing to your Grace for some days, that Mr. Clements 
 might have an opportunity, if anything material should have 
 
'220 
 
 occurred in his affairs upon this communication, of explaining 
 himself further to us. On Tuesday last he was again with us 
 and repeated in the most solemn manner the same assurances, 
 that he would do everything in his power, both by any influence 
 of office or by his private connections, to support the Government : 
 that, besides Mr. Mitchell and Mr. Macarell, he believed he might 
 answer for his son-in-law, Mr. Burton, though he was at this 
 time absent. He repeated the same that he said before concern- 
 ing his own sons, and added that if a vacancy should happen at 
 Cavan, where Mr. Weston serves, his nephew, Captain Clements, 
 if he conducted himself properly, would be elected there, and 
 also that he had hopes in time of being able to pevail upon other 
 persons now in Parliament, and that he would omit no occasion 
 of exerting himself to that purpose ; that his future conduct 
 should convince the Government of the sincerity of these pro- 
 fessions, and that he would at all times be ready to receive and 
 obey all commands from those whom his Majesty does at this 
 time or may hereafter entrust with the Government of this 
 kingdom. 
 
 " These are the assurances that Mr. Clements has given us, 
 and we have the honour to transmit them to your Grace in the 
 same terms as nearly as can be recollected in which he delivered 
 them. 
 
 "When we consider the earnest manner in which he expressed 
 himself upon this occasion, and the visible concern he was under, 
 on the apprehension of his being dismissed from serving his 
 Majesty in a post of so great an advantage, we cannot but 
 suppose that he intends to act up to his professions. But what 
 may be the consequences of his being continued in employment 
 with regard to the effect it may have upon the minds and expec- 
 tations of those who have adhered steadily to his Majesty's 
 service in the last two sessions of Parliament, and how far the 
 nature of his private connections may, in the present situation of 
 affairs, enable him to carry the influence of the Treasury in 
 support of the administration further than in those instances 
 which he has mentioned, are points of such extreme delicacy and 
 difficulty as in our opinions ought not to be determined by us, 
 but must be submitted finally to your Grace, who is so perfectly 
 acquainted with the springs as well as the progress of the 
 Opposition. And we beg leave to observe to your Grace that, 
 whatsoever the determination may be upon this affair, whether 
 favourable to the person concerned or otherwise, the effects of 
 the measure would in either way, according to our apprehensions, 
 be greatly impaired and weakened by its being brought to a 
 conclusion here, from the opinion that would certainly prevail 
 that we had been actuated by pique and prejudice on one side, or 
 by partiality and tenderness on the other. We must therefore 
 from our duty to his Majesty and our zeal for his service, and 
 from our sincere regard for your Grace's administration, humbly 
 lay it before you as our opinion that the decision upon this case 
 will lose much of its weight and authority should it not in 
 appearance as well as in reality proceed from your Grace imme- 
 
221 
 
 diately and from his Majesty's other ministers. We are with 
 greatest truth and respect, my Lord, your Grace's most obedient 
 humble servants, 
 
 " Geoege Armagh. 
 " Newport C.[anc.] 
 " Bessborough." 
 
 Thomas Waite to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1754, July 30.— " ... The Lords Justices will be 
 impatient to hear that their letter about Clements which is 
 inclosed is come safe to hand, and therefore your Lordship will 
 acknowledge the receipt of it by return of post to my Lord 
 Primate and not in an office letter to me." 
 
 Major Pepys to [the Same]. 
 
 1754, Aug. 1. Athy. — Partly on matters relating to his 
 regiment. " General De Grangues had sent for an attorney the 
 day before he died in order to make a new codicill to his will in 
 favour of a female friend, by which she was to enjoy his seat at 
 Newland during her life and three thousand pounds more than 
 he had left her before. Captain Arabin and his lady had a 
 narrow escape. Mr. St. Leger and his bride were married in 
 town a Tuesday night, and came down here to their seat at 
 Grange Mellon the next day ; Mrs. Butler and the bride and Miss 
 St. Leger in her coach and six, and the bridegroom and Sir 
 Patrick Bellew, his bridesman, in theirs, with favours and 
 cockades displayed. . . . General Bowles's sister, that 
 married Major Brownrig, left two thousand pounds to a nephew 
 that lived with her, and all the rest of old Dean Cross's treasure 
 to her husband. . . . General St. George was taken very ill 
 after eating cherries. Physicians were sent for and they 
 despaired of him till one advised ' usquebath,' which entirely 
 recovered him." 
 
 The Primate to the Same. 
 
 1754, Aug. 1. Leixlip. — Respecting the letter of the Lords 
 Justices to the Duke of Dorset of July 29 {see above), and the case 
 of Mr. Clements. It was very plain that the Lord Lieutenant 
 wished Mr. Clements to be kept in his command, and yet, 
 after hearing him, not even the most moderate of the Lords 
 Justices could take upon himself to say it would be well to 
 continue him in his employment. During the inquiry, Sir 
 Richard Cox and others of the same sort have made the Treasury 
 their daily resort, and their anxiety for Mr. Clements' safety 
 shows that some advantage must be derived from him. Mr. 
 Malone has just lent Frederick Gore a thousand pounds without 
 interest, which act of generosity will make it impossible to draw 
 
222 
 
 Mr. Gore from him. " In the mean-time, the war is carried on 
 everywhere in the country with great pains and industry. 
 Papers are printed of the worst tendency, and the object is the 
 Administration of England. Sir Robert Walpole was never 
 worse used by the writers in London than his Majesty's present 
 ministers are by those here, yet when things come to any trial, 
 there is no reason for being discouraged." The late Master of 
 the Rolls was nominated as a magistrate at Navan, all the force 
 of the party was used, the Speaker wrote urgent letters on his 
 behalf, money was employed ; but on Monday he was beaten by 
 ten or twelve voices. 
 
 Our troops fight well, but with somewhat the less courage that 
 they "still apprehend that there is a battery behind them." 
 Extract. 
 
 Cornet Edward Smith to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1754, August 1. Maryborough. — " . . . This little town is 
 become very disagreeable from the vast riot of party which 
 rages here. It is between Gilbert, supported by Dawson and 
 Westenrow against Pigott, that you made High Sheriff of this 
 county. I believe Pigott will carry it, though he is hard pressed, 
 Lord Napton having declared on the other side." They tell 
 Pigott he is a courtier, and has drunk the Lord Lieutenant's 
 health at the assizes, and that they determined to support and 
 defend the Speaker. 
 
 Lord Clanricarde to [the Same]. 
 
 1754, Aug. 4. Bellmont, Hampshire. — Forwarding a letter 
 from Ireland, the contents of which are of such a nature as ought 
 to be laid before those whom his Majesty honours with his con- 
 fidence in that kingdom. 
 
 Thomas Waite to the Same. 
 
 1754, Aug. 6. Dublin Castle.—" The patriot sheriff of Dublin, 
 Mr. Wray, died the day before yesterday of a violent fever, which 
 they say was occasioned by a very hard drinking bout at a late 
 meeting of the Patriots at the Tholsel, and this day the Lords 
 Justices and Council approved of one Mr. Alexander Ryves to be 
 sheriff for the remainder of the year, who I hear is a man of 
 other principles than his predecessor was." 
 
 Sir Thomas Hales to [the Same]. 
 
 1754, Aug. 6. Howletts.— Will attend the assizes, since the 
 Duke of Dorset and Lord G. Sackville expect to see him there. 
 
223 
 
 Lord Rothes to [Lord George Sackville]. 
 
 1754, Aug. 6. Hitcham. — The returns called for from Ireland 
 have been ready made out some time, as he is informed, but 
 no opportunity has offered to send things of such bulk by a 
 private conveyance, though Mr. Waite and Lord Rothes 5 brother 
 have both been looking out for such a person. 
 
 Thomas Waite to the Same. 
 
 1754, Aug. 7. Dublin Castle. — Sir John Spring embarks this 
 day, carrying the Review Returns directed for his Majesty's 
 service to your Lordship ; also some remarks upon the present 
 state of the regiments in Ireland compared with their state in 
 1753, to be laid before the King. 
 
 The Primate to the Same. 
 
 1754, Aug. 17. Leixlip. — "I cannot but think that the letter 
 of the Lords Justices contains and points out considerations from 
 which their opinions may be fairly deduced. They are asked 
 whether Mr. C[lements] may not give such assurances, &c. 
 They answer by setting forth the assurances given, and throw 
 in their own scruples. Though I were sure it would be for the 
 King's service that a person was dismissed, yet it might be 
 proposed to be executed in such a manner as would cut the other 
 way. It has been said that those already removed here fell by 
 the hand of ministers only, and that his Majesty was not offended. 
 How much worse is it that an opinion should go out of this 
 person's being given up to the ambition and resentment of the 
 Primate and Lord Bessborough (for we should have borne 
 the load, or probably the whole would have been upon me), 
 and my Lord Lieutenant, it would have been said, was forced 
 by us into measures against his judgment and inclination. 
 If his Grace would but deliver that judgment which he 
 is so capable of forming as well as of delivering with 
 explicitness on his own part, it would create explicitness 
 elsewhere, both in places where he is not supreme as well as in 
 those who are subordinate to him, and the ill-humour, diffidence, 
 and confusion which you too justly apprehend would be 
 prevented. That his Grace (in this transaction at least) has 
 declined taking upon him the supporting his own and the Royall 
 authority is too evident to receive any contradiction or colouring. 
 You cannot conceive what use is made of it here to lessen the 
 credit and influence which his Grace is supposed by his friends 
 to have, and consequently to lessen the dependance upon him 
 and those attached to him. If that should spread and be known, 
 how far it may really lessen that credit and influence you best 
 can judge, but I cannot help thinking that his Majesty may be 
 as little pleased with hesitation where his service is concerned as 
 some people here appear to be. There is not the least falling off 
 of friends, as I can perceive ; but there is an apprehension that the 
 
224 
 
 Government is falling off from itself. Mr. Cory and Mr. Lowry 
 are both returned and will attend next session. Let Clements be 
 pressed closer ; if any reall good can be got out of him let him be 
 received. As it stands now, he thanks nobody for saving him, 
 and has even promised only in generals which he may keep or 
 not as he finds expedient. . . ." 
 
 Captain R. Cuningham to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1754, Aug. 19. Dublin. — On the necessity for more spirited 
 action on the part of the Lord Lieutenant in the management of 
 political affairs. " Notwithstanding the little encouragement 
 your last letter gives us I must hope that what is now before you 
 will be determined favourably for our friends. If people are 
 allowed to remain as they are now it is impossible to go on. 
 The spirit of patriotism is higher than ever and Government 
 more abused. The hopes of your ennemies seem to be founded 
 upon the supposition of his Grace's being out of favour with his 
 Majestie. . . ." 
 
 The Primate to the Same. 
 
 1754, Aug. 24. Leixlip. — Urging the necessity of supporting 
 his Majesty's servants, the Lords Justices, by some expression of 
 the King's approval of their conduct. " Our Chancellor would 
 be very glad of receiving some commands of a brisker nature 
 that we have yet had. He sees the danger before us, and says 
 Non Progredi est Regredi. For my own part, if we are left to 
 shift for ourselves, I see the impossibility of my subsisting here 
 even in the most private situation, and am considering in what 
 manner I may the least indecently betake myself to some place 
 of shelter. When that imprudent advertisement was printed 
 concerning Robinson, he came to me in order to shew what he 
 intended publishing against it, but said he imagined it was 
 calculated only to draw a publick acknowledgment from him of 
 his being the author of the pamphlet in support of the King's 
 prerogative, and frightening him at least with threats of 
 censures. Robinson said he was ready to acknowledge it, and if 
 a person who avowed those principles could not be protected from 
 censures, he should not think of living longer in this country. I 
 told him that my case was just the same. And so it is, for if I 
 am left to be torn to pieces only for having done my duty to the 
 King I shall consider myself as having fallen in a good cause 
 which will one day or other get up again. . . . But in this 
 state of suspense I cannot deny that I am to the last degree 
 unhappy." 
 
 Thomas Waite to the Same. 
 
 1754, Aug. 24. Dublin Castle. — " Your Lordship will find Mr. 
 Robinson served up again in the Advertiser of this day with vast 
 variety of sauce about him, but notwithstanding all their 
 
225 
 
 endeavours to make a laughing matter of the paragraph that 
 they published against him some time ago, they will not easily 
 wipe off the imputation of having had the lie so solemnly given 
 them in print. Our politicians here were speculating ye'sterda}^ 
 at the levee that in the course of next week or, at farthest, in 
 the beginning of the week after, we should hear some news 
 about Mr. Clements, and I can assure your Lordship the deter- 
 mination with respect to this gentleman will be expected with 
 the utmost impatience. . . ." Lord Mornington is going to 
 England at once, and is whispered that Dr. Smith has advised 
 the Master of the Rolls to pass the next season at Bath. 
 
 The Primate to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1754, Aug. 27. Leixlip. — "My dear Lord, our affairs are 
 certainly in a very critical situation. The opinion that there is 
 a faltering somewhere amongst us gains ground daily. Our 
 adversaries are openly supported and assisted by persons of no 
 small name in the King's service, and they recruit for votes from 
 Chelsea Hospital. These things give them a credit which is of 
 more consequence than the reall strength they add, and gives 
 colour to those reports that the actual Ministry do not mean to 
 carry us through. The Preamble to the Loan Bill hangs still 
 heavy about our necks, and we alone are not equal to that load. 
 To bring over the vulgar by reasoning is as vain a thought as to 
 reason them into a new religion. Yet so far is there from being 
 a flame in the country that the assizes have passed over with 
 remarkable decency and quietness, and the most so in those 
 places where the contrary seemed to be threatened by pompous 
 advertisements, such as King's County, Queen's County, &e., as 
 you may have seen in the papers transmitted to you. The 
 impudent and repeated lie about Robinson must give any fair 
 and impartial judge satisfaction as to the methods of their pro- 
 ceeding. The paragraphs from Cork are equally false, and I have 
 no doubt that these trumpets of sedition and falshood would be 
 silenced if the noise of them gave less alarm and uneasiness. 
 But it is too plain that they have their effect and are heard at a 
 great distance. . . . The state of this Government grows 
 very serious indeed, and, abstracted from personal considerations, 
 most worthy of attention. God knows what lengths some of the 
 desperate leaders may go, if they are not restrained. I am not a 
 stranger to the peculiar difficulties that Administration in general 
 labours under at this time. It is now past controversy that the 
 discontents here are fomented and encouraged from England. If 
 it is considered in any other light, endless mistakes will follow. 
 The swing of an established and active Ministry there will put 
 an end to them, and when that appears we shall be strong- 
 enough here. But just at this moment we are not gaining, 
 
 * Mr. Singleton had succeeded Mr. Carter as Master of the Rolls. 
 21250 P 
 
226 
 
 because it is not believed that the present system is to subsist : 
 and there is no opportunity of recruiting, as the enemy is retired 
 in safety into the citadell of the Treasury, which is considered as 
 impregnable." 
 
 Thomas Waite to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1754, Aug. 27. Dublin Castle.— . . . "I am told that 
 last week a gentleman of the profession of the law arrived here 
 from London, who reports that when he left town it was publickly 
 talked and understood in London that Lord Chesterfield was 
 soon to be appointed Lord Lieutenant in order to quiet the minds 
 of the people. The patriots likewise give out that the King has 
 rumped the Duke of Dorset lately three or four times and did not 
 speak to his Grace at the lev£e. . . ." 
 
 The Primate to the Same. 
 
 1754, Aug. 29. Leixlip. — "When anything occurs that in 
 speculation only relates materially to the Government, I shall 
 never fail to inform you of it, and such I conceive to be the con- 
 versation I have just now held with Mr. Flood, our Attorney-. 
 General, who came to me early this morning and has this 
 moment left me. I expect Lord Shelburne and all that family 
 to dinner, but I hope to have time enough before they come to 
 give you an account of what the Attorney has told me in great 
 confidence and has imparted to me only. 
 
 " He asked me first how affairs stood, according to my opinion 
 (upon which he said he could depend), as to a majority for the 
 next session : that my Lord Bessborough had assured him before 
 his journey to England that it was safe, and he wished to have 
 it confirmed by me. I told him that I could upon very reason- 
 able and probable grounds shew him the difference of twenty-five 
 votes in our favour, taking the calculation from the day of the 
 Loan Bill, but there was not a sufficient general confidence in 
 our quarters as was necessary to make people believe that pro- 
 tection or safety was to be had there, and it would not be easy 
 to remove that impression untill some overt acts were done to 
 demonstrate the resolution of the Ministry that the work which 
 was begun should be perfected by the same hand which under- 
 took it. The Attorney said that since his return hither he found 
 that people talked much in that strain, and particularly that Mr. 
 Clements had by his own strength repelled an attack made upon 
 him. For his own part he (the Attorney) knew the contrary, 
 and that if he was saved it was owing to lenity and not want of 
 power ; but still the appearance was different, and he doubted 
 whether Clements would take much pains to set the transaction 
 in its true light. He then asked me whether the Duke of 
 Newcastle did not hesitate upon that point. I told him that he 
 did not, but there was a great difference between consenting to 
 
227 
 
 or even approving, and singly determining a measure which was 
 become an object of attention from a long suspense ; that my 
 Lord Lieutenant himself, who was naturally to take the lead, 
 and might perhaps at this moment be particularly called upon to 
 take it, could not but be under some difficulty likewise, as his 
 Grace would wish to see clearly and to have ascertained to him 
 the advantages in the way of Parliamentary strength that would 
 accrue from changing of hands in the Treasury before he took 
 the measure entirely upon himself ; and that although it might 
 be demonstrated that no good could come from things continuing 
 as they are there, yet an alteration would be rather uncreditable 
 at least, if there was not an immediate change for the better. I 
 then asked him his opinion as to the effects of removing 
 Clements. He said it would depend upon the choice of the per- 
 son or persons to supply his place. I told him that probably 
 (were the thing to happen) that neither he nor I should have the 
 nomination referred to us, but if it were so referred, whether he 
 could point out a person the appointing of whom would answer 
 to the Government. He asked whether Mr. Dawson (the 
 Alderman) had never occurred. I said that he could not occurr 
 to our considerations, as his conduct shewed him to be enlisted 
 with the other party, and not inclinable to any commerce with 
 the servants of this Administration. The Attorney then lowered 
 his voice (though we were not in the reach of any hearers) as 
 men do when they speak what they think to be of consequence, 
 and told me that he had reason to believe Mr. Dawson wished to 
 be employed in that business ; that before he took his last 
 journey to England he was with Dawson to settle some money- 
 business, which he has always transacted at his house ; that 
 Dawson then told him he imagined that Mr. Clements would be 
 removed; that, if he were, he would find it no easy matter to 
 make up his accounts with the Government, that Mitchell and 
 Macarrell would be hurt to the bone, and advised him as a friend 
 to leave no property behind him in those notes. He added that 
 Clements deserved it for pretending to be a friend of the Govern- 
 ment and acting the part of an enemy, which he did to the utmost 
 of his power. 
 
 " The other day, since the Attorney's return to Ireland, he was 
 again with Dawson upon his own business and found Mr. 
 Clements there. After the first salutations, the Attorney said to 
 Clements that he hoped he found them all in good humour. 
 Clements said in a short manner he hoped so too, and soon left 
 them. As soon as he was gone, Dawson said, ' That man seems 
 to think himself secure, but he is not so yet. He is a vain 
 fellow. He has just shewn me a letter from one of the Lords of 
 the Treasury or Admiralty in England, of which he was very 
 proud. It was a civil letter, but I did not give much attention to 
 it, nor do I remember the name, as I have no knowledge of the 
 person who wrote it, but I can tell you, Mr. Attorney, that 
 Clements is a hollow rascal and professes different things as they 
 best suit his purpose or his company. For my own part I despise 
 such a fellow and such a conduct. I have been an open enemy, 
 
228 
 
 but a fair one at the same time, and will never act a double 
 part.' The Attorney told him he believed by his talk that he 
 had a mind to come amongst us. He laughed and said that he 
 should not ask for an employment, but [if] one was offered to 
 him he could not tell what might happen. 
 
 " This was the Attorney's story. It opens a scene to my view 
 as if something of great advantage might be made of it. If the 
 whole Treasury were cleared, this man of great property at the 
 head and two younger men under him would be an establishment 
 of weight and efficacy and credit. Gardiner is sinking every day 
 in health and spirits. Suppose some feather or dignity procured 
 for him. I have only as yet undigested thoughts, but I think this 
 sketch looks like widening the bottom. Dawson would have pro- 
 digious weight in that office. Whether he could be made a friend 
 is another question. If he were a friend he would be a strong one. 
 This seemed to be of too much consequence (though it is only 
 une idee) to delay the communication a moment. I have made 
 it hastily and abruptly, and perhaps before this letter is at Holy- 
 head I may think it idle, but at present it seems to me, could it 
 be brought to perfection, to obviate many objections that have 
 been raised against altering the Treasury administration, and 
 particularly] that of the want of substantial and experienced 
 hands. Our younger friends, who are capable in fact but not 
 accredited by practice in business, might be trained under this 
 great chief, and his substance and reputation in business put him 
 above all suspicion with regard to the security of his Majesty and 
 of the publick." 
 
 Lord G. Sackville to the Primate. 
 
 1754, Aug. 31. — " My dear Lord, I told you in my former 
 letters that my Lord Lieutenant, upon seeing the dissatisfaction 
 of his friends at the thought of continuing Mr. Clements in the 
 Treasury upon the general assurances which he had given of 
 supporting Government without the appearance of any material 
 accession of strength, began to see the necessity he should be 
 under of giving his opinion that upon these considerations it 
 would be for his Majesty's service to remove him from his 
 employment. 
 
 " His Grace accordingly upon his arrival in towne on Thursday 
 last mentioned this affair to the Duke of Newcastle, and advised 
 with him about what was proper to be done in the present 
 situation. The Duke of Newcastle agreed with him that the dis- 
 obliging of those who had supported his Majesty's measures with 
 so much zeal and spirit would be highly imprudent, but at the 
 same time expressed some concern that Mr. Clements had not 
 given satisfactory assurances to those in his Majesty's service. 
 He said that the King would certainly consent to his removal 
 provided the good effects of such a measure were made apparent 
 to him, and advised my Lord Lieutenant to lay his thoughts 
 clearly and fully before his Majesty. He accordingly the next 
 
229 
 
 day had an audience of the King. He there told his Majesty the 
 desire he had of making Mr. Clements usefull to his service, both 
 in his publick and private capacity, but that he feared the 
 continuing him in his present situation would discourage our 
 friends, and add spirit to our enemys, since his declarations did 
 not appear so satisfactory as might have been expected from him. 
 He then read the Lords Justices' letter to him, and explained to 
 him how very far their Excellencies were from answering for Mr. 
 Clements' future conduct. The King said upon that, that he did 
 not understand enough of the situation of affairs in Ireland to 
 have formed any direct opinion, that he perceived Mr. Clements 
 had voted with us, that he answered for the good behaviour of 
 some and declared he could not influence others that were related 
 to him : all that may be very true, and yet it may be right to 
 dismiss him from his employment, ' but will you and those in my 
 service in Ireland say the turning of him out will secure a 
 majority in the House of Commons next session of Parliament. 
 If they will, I am ready to do it immediately, but I do not yet 
 hear whether the dismissing the others has yet brought any 
 accession of strength.' The Duke of Dorset said that it was 
 impossible to answer with certainty for events, and that all that 
 could be said was that this measure would in the opinion of those 
 entrusted with his affairs in Ireland most probably secure a 
 majority in the House of Commons, upon which the King said, 
 ' If they are ready to answer for that, I am ready to turn him 
 out.' The Duke of Dorset reported this to the Duke of Newcastle, 
 upon which the Duke of Newcastle said that he would write 
 private letters to you and to Lord Bessborough and to Arthur 
 Hill, desiring to be informed of the true state of affairs in 
 Ireland, and to have your opinions whether Clements being 
 turned out will secure a majority next session. 
 
 " I have told you as minutely as I can what passed in these 
 conversations, and I do it for your instruction, that you may 
 know as near as I can convey it to you the true situation of things 
 here. It is not very prudent in me to repeat anything that 
 passes in the closet and among the ministers, and you must be 
 sensible of the prejudice it would be to me if it was known that I 
 wrote so minutely upon such affairs. I must therefore entreat 
 you that you would look upon this letter as information given for 
 your own conduct only, and by no means to be communicated to 
 any person whatever, for I have full experience that the whole 
 contents would be the subject of coffee house conversation if it 
 was read to three or four people only. I do earnestly beg of you 
 to keep it to yourself. 
 
 " What I gather from these transactions is that the King had 
 rather there was no necessity for removing Clements, but seems 
 resolved to give up all private considerations and inclinations to 
 the publick service. At the same time he requires and expects 
 all possible assurances of success from those entrusted with his 
 affairs, and everything that is said upon this subject should be as 
 full and as explicit as possible. The ferment in Ireland is alarm- 
 ing here, and any thing [of] irresolution in our councils argues 
 
230 
 
 weakness, and as in my opinion everything will depend upon 
 having a majority next session, no means should be neglected to 
 procure it if possible. If we succeed, all will be right ; if we fail, 
 explanations and reasonings will go for nothing, it will be all 
 owing to rashness and ill-management, and we shall be con- 
 demned in general though we may be able to prove that every 
 particular of our conduct was right. This being the case, let me 
 recommend to you to form your opinion deliberately, but when 
 you give [it] avoid everything that can be construed doubt or 
 irresolution. As Lord Bessborough and Mr. Hill will be called 
 upon for their opinions, I have no objection to your shewing them 
 this letter, under proper injunctions, for their information. 
 I hope your accounts will correspond." Draft. 
 
 The Primate to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1754, Aug. 31. Leixlip. — Relating the circumstances under 
 which a duel between Mr. Arthur Rochfort and Mr. Pery " at 
 the Fifteen Acres " was prevented, the Primate receiving an 
 intimation that it was about to take place from Thomas Roche, 
 who was to have acted as Rochfort's second. 
 
 Mr. Pery and Mr. Rochfort. 
 
 1754, August. — Memorandum relative to letters which had 
 passed between Mr. Pery and Mr. Rochfort on the subject of an 
 alleged injury conceived to have been done by the former to the 
 latter. Copies of the letters are attached and are dated from 
 Dublin and Limerick. 
 
 Lord Clanricarde to [Lord G. Sackville?]. 
 
 1754, Sept. 1. — " I am extremely glad to hear their Excel- 
 lencies have taken such wise and prudent steps as will probably 
 prevent the repetition of the complaints I lately received from 
 Ireland. ... I most sincerely wish a happy conclusion to 
 this and every measure conducive to the public tranquillity." 
 
 The Primate to the Same. 
 
 1754, Sept. 7. Leixlip. — Acknowledges the receipt of Lord 
 George's two letters of the 31st of August, entirely agrees with his 
 conclusions, and will most strictly obey his Lordship's directions 
 not to communicate these letters. " We must now call our 
 friends together and come to an explicit account of the strength 
 that can be depended upon, making ourselves answerable for our 
 undertakings if we think it practicable ; if we do not, we must 
 declare so in time and strike our sails. Then the mutiny will 
 
231 
 
 be quelled as Sir Peter Warren used to do in the West Indies. 
 . . . Singleton was here yesterday ; he is going to Bath 
 immediately. I think it hardly possible that he should hold out 
 this next winter. He is wasted very much since you saw him, 
 and when he speaks is with difficulty to be understood. . . . 
 It is my real opinion that we have at this moment a majority 
 in the House of Commons, but to be told that you are to be 
 answerable for the consequences if any disappointment should 
 happen, is the same thing as fighting with a halter about your 
 neck, and is not a pleasant hearing, considering the cause that 
 we are engaged in." 
 
 The Primate to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1754, Sept. 12. Leixlip. — Mr. Clements has just left, stating 
 that he is going to meet his son in London. " I told him that I 
 was not sorry that he had a call to London, as he would have an 
 opportunity (when his private business was transacted), of seeing 
 with his own eyes whether the reports that of late have been so 
 industriously propagated here were true or false, and if he should 
 find that his Majesty was determined to support his servants, 
 and that there was no probability of any alterations in England 
 by which the measures with regard to this country were to be 
 affected, he might be able to convince some of his friends in the 
 Opposition that they were hazarding the interests of their country 
 without any immediate view of advancing their own. He was 
 full of fair promises, and said he should be the happiest man in 
 the world if he could be the instrument of bringing things to a 
 composure. He seems, as well as I can judge, to go over with an 
 intention to try the ford ; and if he is properly spoke to there, 
 and perceives that the Government is resolved not to give way, 
 it may not be impossible that use may be made of him ; but at 
 present he is as unsound as ever he has been, and the gentle dose 
 of physick that has been administered has by no means carried 
 off the bad humours nor mended his constitution. I thought it 
 necessary to send you the earliest account of his intended 
 journey. . . . The Master of the Eolls grows worse every 
 day. He now doubts whether he can bear the journey to Bath. 
 He is a melancholy object, and I think can hold out but a very 
 short time. Every body else thinks the same of Mr. Gardiner, 
 but men of his constitution and habits, in this climate especially, 
 have so often recovered when they have been considered as 
 desperate that he may possibly get upon his feet again, though 
 appearances are certainly very strong against him. . . ." 
 Lord Kobert Bertie paid me a visit yesterday, and has now gone 
 back to town to his regiment. " He seems very good and 
 obliging." 
 
 Thomas Waite to the Same. 
 
 1754, Sept. 14. Dublin Castle.— Mr. Merydeth, one of the 
 voters at the election at Cavan, has returned with the agreeable 
 
232 
 
 news that his Lordship's friends had carried their point by a 
 majority of twelve. " The Patriots were very tumultuous as 
 usual and made illuminations in the town, declaring that they 
 had a majority of four. ... I have an account this evening 
 that the Master of the Rolls is better, but it is generally thought 
 that he cannot live above two or three days. . . . Ben 
 Burton came to town yesterday and was shut up above an hour 
 with their Excellencies, and thereupon a report is gone forth that 
 he is to succeed Mr. Singleton." 
 
 Thomas Waite to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1754, Sept. 17. Dublin Castle.—" The Master of the Rolls is 
 this day reported out of danger. The Chancellor and Lord Bess- 
 borough were shut up together yesterday near an hour after the 
 Primate had left the castle, and people speculate that Ben Burton 
 must have been the subject of this conference. It is publickly 
 said about town that the Bessborough party are dissatisfied that 
 nothing has been done for them upon the late changes, and that 
 they had particularly taken offence at the appointment of Arthur 
 Hill to be Chancellor of the Exchequer. The Chief Baron and 
 Mr. Clements sail this day for Parkgate ; and your friends flatter 
 themselves that this motion of Mr. Clements denotes his being 
 in a tottering condition. . . ." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1754, Sept. 21. Dublin Castle.— The Master of the Rolls sent 
 a message yesterday to the Lords Justices to desire that he 
 might have the use of the yacht to carry him to Parkgate upon 
 its return hither, for that he found himself strong enough to 
 venture to undertake a journey to Bath. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1754, Sept. 24. Dublin Castle. — The yacht is returned and the 
 Master of the Rolls purposes sailing for Parkgate to-morrow 
 morning. He is so very weak and broken that we expect the 
 journey by land from Chester to Bath will put an end to him. 
 
 The Primate to the Duke of Newcastle. 
 
 1754, Oct. 25. Dublin. — Upon the dissensions that have done 
 so much to hinder the service in Ireland, and repelling the charge 
 that they have been occasioned, as asserted, either by Lord 
 George Sackville 's haughtiness of behaviour or the Primate's 
 ambition. Lays before his Grace a general view of his own 
 conduct since he has been "in business," with a relation of the 
 
233 
 
 "true springs" of the disorders, and the proceedings of Mr. 
 Carter, whose animosity is stated to have sprung, in the first 
 instance, from the Primate's refusal to promise that his son, " a 
 very young man and little known," should have the reversion of 
 his father's office of Master of the Kolls. Relates with much 
 detail the circumstances of the Cork election, the attack upon 
 Mr. Nevil, and the proceedings in relation to the two Money 
 Bills, and attributes the animosity against himself to his having 
 thrown himself into the scale of Government with more weight 
 than others in his station have been able to do. Copy. 29 pp. 
 
 Thomas Waite to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1754, Nov. 19. Dublin Castle. --The Lord Chancellor was 
 married last Saturday. General Bligh has written complaining 
 grievously of the badness and unfitness of the men who were 
 draughted from the regiments in Dublin and sent to Cork. The 
 Lords Justices have signed an order for sending back to their 
 respective regiments as well the unfit men as all the non- 
 commission officers. 
 
 Captain R. Cuningham to [Lord G. Sackville]. 
 
 1754, Nov. 19. Dublin. — "I have just now received your 
 letter of the 14th, and have communicated it to the Primate. He 
 is much pleased that you are satisfyed with his and Lord 
 Bessborough's letters, and would conclude that they must have 
 the desired effect, if he thought there was any solid system of 
 administration formed in England. He is very sorry you can 
 give no better account of some considerable men in the House of 
 Commons, and is affraid, if some method of accommodation is not 
 soon thought of, you may have a troublesome session, which of 
 course must greatly affect the affairs of this country. We are 
 greatly at a loss for intelligence of what is going on in your 
 political world, and we only depend upon you for information. 
 Maxwell ['s] correspondence with the Primate goes on but 
 heavily. His Grace you know is sometimes lazy and often pre- 
 vented when he is inclined to write ; and Maxwell insists upon 
 letter for letter. Since the packet arrived this morning some of 
 Mr. Clements' female friends have been found in tears, 
 particularly Mrs. Nicholson and Mrs. Pegnam. They were asked 
 if Mr. Clements was turned out. They said no, but that such 
 conditions were imposed upon him if he chose to remain in 
 employment that he could not act honourably to himself nor his 
 friends, and therefore had resigned. Lord Bessborough thinks 
 that Mr. Clements, though in his last extremity, has nothing to 
 propose. The Primate thinks he has. They both wish that the 
 affairs of this country were settled in any way that was not 
 dishonourable to them, but cannot hope to have peace soon, as 
 there seems to be such storms gathering in England. . . ." 
 
234 
 
 Thomas Waitb to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1754, November 21. Dublin Castle. — Encloses a copy of 
 Lieut.-Gen. Bligh's letter received yesterday. Mrs. Humphry's 
 application to the Court of Chancery for an injunction to stop the 
 Surveyor- General from proceeding with the works ordered by 
 the Lord Lieutenant in the Castle Garden was refused, and the 
 Surveyor-General is at liberty to proceed unless Mrs. Humphry 
 can shew any new reasons for stopping him by Saturday next. 
 
 The Primate to the Same. 
 
 1754, December 22. Dublin. — An event which happened last 
 night may be taken up as a momentous affair, or may be turned 
 into laughter. In the late war, Capt. Weller, the late (and father 
 of the present) commander of the yacht stationed at Dublin, 
 seized a ship bringing goods from France. The owners alleged it 
 to have been freighted at Kotterdam, and the Judge of Admiralty 
 decided in their favour, but the Commissioners of Prizes reversed 
 his judgment, and gave 200Z. damages to the Captain. Capt. 
 Weller, as executor to his father, had the owner — one Kirwan, 
 a merchant — apprehended, but released him on parole until 
 yesterday, when many of his brother traders came with him 
 and surrendered him, but with warnings of the consequence, 
 and immediately afterwards a mob attacked Weller' s house, 
 and was only dispersed by the Sheriff and the Guard. 
 
 Papers in relation to the Irish Parliament. 
 
 [About 1753, 1754.] — h Notes on the jurisdiction in money 
 matters of the Parliament of Ireland. Begins, "The Parliament 
 of Ireland granted the hereditary revenue to King Charles the 
 2nd," ends, " Mr. Attorney-General then proposes a supply 
 for the support of his Majesty's government . . . but he 
 does not mention any particular sum." 
 
 2. Memorandum. "The Parliament of Ireland made laws 
 formerly as the Parliaments of England now do, the Chief 
 Governour holding Parliaments at his pleasure. An ill use was 
 made of this power by Lord Gormanstown, Deputy Lieutenant, 
 in the reign of Edward 4th. Poyning's Law, enacted in the 10th 
 of Hen. 7th, was made for restraining the power of the Chief 
 Governour as well as of the Irish Parliament. This law was 
 enlarged and explained by the Act of Philip and Mary, and so 
 jealous were the people in Ireland of losing the benefit of that 
 law by having it repealed, that it was enacted by the Parliament 
 in the 11th Eliz. that it should not be repealed or suspended, 
 unless the Bill for that purpose, before it be certifyed to England, 
 be approved by both Houses. 
 
 Oct. 27th, 1692, the Commons resolved that it is the sole 
 and undoubted right of the Commons to prepare heads of Bills 
 for raising money. On the 28th they rejected an Act for 
 
235 
 
 granting certain duties for one year, and then resolved that it be 
 entered in the Journals of this House that the reason why the 
 said Bill was rejected, is, that the same had not its rise in that 
 House. 
 
 " By which votes and resolutions the said House of Commons 
 do exclude their Majesty s and the Crown of England from the 
 right of transmitting any Bills for granting of money or other 
 aids to their Majestys or their successors. 
 
 "Lord Sydney protested the 3rd of November, 1692, six days 
 after the first resolution. Lord Townshend protested on the 
 26th of December against the vote of the 21st of November. 
 Which vote tends to exclude, &c. 
 
 "Thus we find law, precedent, and practice uniformly operating 
 for this question of transmission. Henry the 7th founded, 
 Henry the 8th acknowledged, Philip explained, Elizabeth 
 perpetuated, and both the Charles's pursued this principle in 
 calling Parliaments. 
 
 " The opinion of the judges in Ireland confirmed by Lord Chief 
 Justice Holt and all the judges of England 22nd June, 1693. 
 
 " That it is not the sole and undoubted right of the Commons 
 of Ireland in Parliament assembled to prepare heads of Bills for 
 raising money. 
 
 " That the Lord Lieutenant and Council may prepare and 
 certefy Bills for raising money, to your Majesty and Council of 
 England, and afterwards sent to the Commons, albeit the heads 
 of such Bills have not their rise in that House." 
 
 3. Copy of Lord Sydney's speech and protest (above-mentioned) 
 concerning the right of the House of Commons of Ireland to 
 prepare heads of Bills for raising money, and also notes on the 
 National Debt and revenue of the same country. All in Lord 
 George Sackville's handwriting. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to the Lord Primate. 
 
 1755, January 15. Pall Mall. — " I am to acquaint your Grace 
 that the Duke of Dorset and I yesterday waited upon my Lord 
 Chancellor and the Duke of Newcastle, and we had then an 
 opportunity of discoursing fully upon the affairs of Ireland. The 
 Duke of Dorset insisted upon all personal considerations being- 
 laid aside, as he neither desired or declined continuing in his 
 office. That he was ready to do what would be most acceptable 
 to his Majesty, and what would tend most effectually to the pro- 
 moting of his service. In that light they conversed upon the 
 situation of affairs in Ireland with openness and freedom ; of the 
 temper of the Parliament, of the views of particular members, 
 and then deliberated upon what method could be pursued most 
 likely to support the dignity and authority of Government, and 
 restore decency, quiet, and good order among the people. The 
 conclusion was that in their opinion the return of the present 
 
 * Lord Hardwioke. 
 
236 
 
 Lord Lieutenant to Ireland was most conducive to those ends, 
 and that if his Majesty, of which they had no doubt, should be 
 in the same sentiments, that it would then be necessary to con- 
 sider of the means that were to be used for declaring the fullest 
 support of the Crown and the Administration here, not only to 
 the Lord Lieutenant, but to his Majesty's principal servants in 
 Ireland, that the system which was begun might be carryd into 
 execution, and that no doubt might remain in whom the King's 
 confidence was placed. In order to this it was agreed that the 
 last letters which came from your Grace and Lord Bessborough 
 should be laid before his Majesty, and if the Duke of Newcastle 
 should be empowered by the King, that he should then acquaint 
 you and his Majesty's principal servants in Ireland of his inten- 
 tion of continuing my Lord Lieutenant in the Government, and 
 of the King's determined resolution of showing favour and 
 protection to those who had served him with zeal and fidelity, 
 and of his readiness to do what should be most advisable for 
 carrying on the affairs of Government with credit and success. 
 My Lord Chancellor and the Duke of Newcastle did not hesitate 
 a moment in acknowledging the necessity of having the Treasury 
 under the immediate direction of Government, but I found that 
 the Duke of Newcastle was not clear in his opinion but that Mr. 
 Clements from having seen his danger might for the future be 
 depended upon for exerting his influence in support of the 
 Government, that what he said did not proceed from any 
 partiality to Clements, nor from any want of power to remove 
 him, but purely from what he conceived to be the true interest of 
 those he wished to support. 
 
 " The King had declared himself willing to direct that 
 Clements should be removed, if by removing him he could be 
 assured that the next session would be attended with success. 
 Now the Dufoe of Newcastle says that if any question should be 
 lost it will certainly be imputed to that step having been taken, 
 and those who advised it will be reproached for not having 
 foreseen the bad consequences of that measure ; on the other 
 hand it was stated whether the continuing Mr. Clements in the 
 Treasury would not be looked upon among our enemys as a 
 triumph, and whether it might not occasion an alarm, and even 
 a desertion among our friends ; that last consideration had great 
 weight both with the Chancellor and the Duke of Newcastle, and 
 they both agreed that an alarm among our friends might be got 
 over, but that a desertion would be attended with irreparable ill 
 consequences. 
 
 " I was therefore directed to write to your Grace, and that you 
 would, after consulting with my Lord Chancellor and my Lord 
 Bessborough and any other of our principal friends, let me know 
 your final sentiments upon this affair, whether you think it 
 essential to the King's service to remove Mr. Clements, or 
 whether you think he might be continued upon his good 
 behaviour, that is condemned but not executed. As time presses 
 extremely I must beg as speedy an answer as possible, and if the 
 measure of removing him takes place you will then let me know 
 
237 
 
 who you wish should succeed him, and likewise who you would 
 propose for successors to Mr. Frederick Gore, and Mr. Lamhart, 
 Collector of Navan ; as to Mr. Nesbitt, Collector of Cavan, the 
 Duke of Newcastle intends to know first from his brother 
 whether he will answer for his behaviour. 
 
 " Your Grace will consider that his Majesty may probably go 
 abroad in April and how little time there is left for settling so 
 many things of consequence relating to the affairs of Ireland. It 
 is upon this consideration that the King's pleasure will be taken 
 upon what I mentioned in the first part of my letter, and nothing 
 will remain suspended but the last resolution about Mr. 
 Clements." Draft. 
 
 Army in Ireland. 
 
 1755, Jan. 19. — 1. Numbers in H.M. army in Ireland. Four 
 regiments of horse and six of dragoons, at 21 per troop ; total, 
 1,876. Twenty-six battalions of foot at 29 per company ; total, 
 9,726. Whole total, 11,602. 
 
 2. List of exchanges, " humbly recommended to the King." 
 
 Thomas Waite to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1755, January 28. Dublin Castle. — Tuesday next has been 
 appointed for courts martial for the trials of Capt. Temple and 
 Lieut.-Col. Crosbie. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1755, Feb. 15. Dublin Castle. — The Lords Justices have pre- 
 pared a draft of instructions for the Surveyor-General on his 
 intended expedition with Mr. Nevil to visit the barracks. They 
 heard Mr. Meredyth's report about the fees, which they ordered 
 to be altered in some particulars. 
 
 The Primate to the Same. 
 [1755, February.] — On the same subject. {Unsigned.) 
 
 Thomas Waite to the Same. 
 
 1755, February 17. — Sending the amended report of Mr. 
 Meredyth to the Lord Justices of Ireland on the fees in the 
 Secretary's Office for warrants, &c, upon the King's letter for the 
 augmentation of the pay of the Infantry. 
 
 Also a private letter (same date) on the above report, suggesting 
 that Mr. Meredyth may be directed to return the fees received 
 upon the augmentation to the agents of the regiments. 
 
238 
 
 James Cotter to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1755, Feb. 18. Rock Forrest. — Would give any reasonable 
 sum for a seat in Parliament ; one is now vacant through the 
 death of the Prime Serjeant, which Lord G. Sackville' s acquaint- 
 ance and interest with Lord Middleton might probably procure 
 for him ; is satisfied to deposit 1,000L with any person Lord 
 Middleton will appoint for this purpose, with the condition only 
 of being re-elected in case his Majesty should die within five 
 years. 
 
 The Primate to the Same. 
 
 1755, February 20. Dublin. — Has received his letter of the 
 15th. Matters are taking a turn in favour of the Government. 
 He is " clearly for dividing the Treasury." There is no truth in 
 the ridiculous story told to Lord Kildare that disagreements exist 
 between Lord Bessborough and himself, and the three Lords 
 Justices are on the best and most confidential terms. Unsigned. 
 
 Col. Irwine to the Same. 
 
 1755, February 21. Kinsale. — Requesting a pension for his 
 mother as the widow of a colonel. 
 
 Thomas Waite to the Same. 
 
 1755, March 4. Dublin Castle. — " . . . The town was in 
 great consternation yesterday on account of the shutting up the 
 banks of Wilcox and Dawson and of Lennox and French. These 
 last it is said will open again soon, and the talk is that they are 
 in very substantial circumstances, but Wilcox and Dawson are by 
 report deficient in the sum of 30,000L All the other banks felt 
 the effect of this accident, and a most extraordinary run there 
 was upon them all yesterday morning, but the Government, 
 principal nobility, gentry, and merchants having signed an 
 association to take the bills of the five remaining banks, people 
 were much easier in their minds and in their demands in the 
 afternoon and I hear that this day all is quiet again." 
 
 Also, a further letter, same date, stating that Lennox's are not 
 thought to be in so promising a state as was believed, and that 
 the Court-Martial upon Temple is going on but will be a work 
 of time. 
 
 The Primate to the Same. 
 
 1756, May 17. Leixlip.— Writes to tell his friend " with what 
 sort of temper " he is supporting his disgrace. 
 
 He has kept to his profession of serving Government, and if the 
 Duke of Dorset had been Lord Lieutenant he could not have done 
 
239 
 
 more ; but has been kept at an entire distance, and as to 
 Cunningham's promotion, although it bore the semblance of 
 good will, it had been bargained for before. When the settlement 
 with the late Speaker became public and Mr. Ponsonby's succes- 
 sion took place, it was supposed that the persecution of those 
 who had supported the latter would cease ; but suddenly they 
 heard of " applications made to the heads of the opposite party 
 that they would engage to support the new Speaker on condition 
 of his having no sort of communication in business with the 
 Primate." These applications did not meet with the success 
 hoped for, but signs shortly appeared of a general pacification, 
 excluding only himself. He neither lost his temper, however, 
 nor changed his conduct, nor has he ever applied (as has been 
 stated) to be put into the commission [of Lords Justices] . He has 
 had a visit from Lord Duncannon, who "in rather a dry though 
 not a disobliging manner" assured him of the Lord Lieutenant's 
 high opinion of his capacity and business knowledge. In reply, 
 explained the reasons for his own conduct, and his views on his 
 position and treatment. Gives the reasons assigned by Mr. 
 Ponsonby and his friends for the indignities put upon him. " The 
 King had absolutely commanded it before my Lord Lieutenant left 
 England : and it ivas not in his Grace's poiver to do otherwise. Next, 
 a promise had been made which could not be dispensed with. Then, 
 that Mr. Fox insisted upon it in order to mark his superiority over 
 another person who still continued nominally at the head of business 
 in England." Has since waited on the Lord Lieutenant and 
 explained to him his conversation with Lord Duncannon. 
 " Considering that I am looked upon as a man abandoned and 
 left without a single friend to lean upon in England, and that all 
 power there is to be exerted to break and crush me, and that it is 
 a point determined from thence by the present administration 
 both there and here that I am not to be taken up in any publick 
 way of business or confidence (all which is now taken for granted) , 
 I am surprized that so many people are ready to persevere in 
 avowing their regard for me." Asks when Lord G. Sackville can 
 see him. Will come over to England immediately he names a 
 time. 
 
 Sir James Caldwell and Mr. Pitt. 
 
 1759, Nov. 29. London. — " Copy of a letter to the late Lord 
 Shelburne containing an account of Sir James Caldwell's con- 
 versation with Mr. Pitt relative to the state of Ireland just at 
 the time that the French intended to invade that kingdom." 
 
 The Corcagian Address Versified. 
 
 Why do the heathen rage and the people imagine a vain 
 thing ? — Psalm ii. 
 
 Sir — We the free and independant 
 Inhabitants of this transcendent 
 
 * Viz., the address from Cork to Henry Boyle, the Speaker, presented May 13, 
 1754. See p. 209, above. 
 
240 
 
 Metropolis, the town of C — rt, 
 Kenowned for butter, beef and pork, 
 Congratulating, humbly beg 
 To scrape a most obsequious leg. 
 
 Your city banquets being over 
 You come to feed on country clover ; 
 That Dublin-Castle gave cold quarter ; 
 You're welcome home to Castle M — rt — r.° 
 And now for eloquent addressing — 
 We take this handle of expressing 
 What might be said of John O'Nokes, 
 And has by many simple Folks 
 Been said and said and said already 
 Of that your conduct wise and steady, 
 In filling High important posts, 
 And filling High — to party toasts. 
 Which conduct both of State and club 
 Might waddle on without a rub, 
 Had not some persons at the helm 
 A greater biass to the realm, 
 A tribe of Levites on the lurch 
 To prop their old established Churchy 
 Whereas the church without a steeple 
 Might quietly content the people. 
 
 But you in early life, Sir, you 
 Stood up for Protestants true-blue, 
 For protestants, without respect 
 To this, or that, or t'other sect, 
 Though various as the birds in feather 
 You lump'd them by the gross together. 
 
 Then for the matter of succession — 
 0' wonderfull beyond expression ! 
 You seconded with zeal industrious 
 The house of Hanover illustrious, 
 Defender of our Faith's-Defender 
 Against the Devil and Pretender. 
 Your principles were yet so fair 
 You acted ever on the square, 
 And hit the medium to a tittle 
 Between the monarch big and little, 
 No King of me, but such a thing, 
 As you may call our proper King, 
 To whom in order to maintain 
 The sole dominion of the main 
 To keep the Spanish Don in awe, 
 And give the lawless Louis law ; 
 To guard us in serene repose 
 From foreign and domestic foes, 
 We would, we would — What would we not, 
 Ye Gods ! contribute on the spot ? 
 
 * Castle Martyr. 
 
241 
 
 From such a leader on a pinch 
 
 What son of liberty could flinch ? 
 
 Our 'squires would venture broken pates, 
 
 And half to save their whole estates ; 
 
 Our Knights forsake their peacefull dwelling, 
 
 Like Hudibrass, for Colonelling ; 
 
 Our Lords, tho' frugal of their lives 
 
 Would waste their better halves, their wives, 
 
 And for the common people — they 
 
 Would fight most loyally — for pay. 
 
 To such a sage preceptor, school'd, 
 To such a ruler, overrul'd, 
 You might submit without contention, 
 With all the pomp of condescension, 
 His royal dignity support 
 With all the splendour of a court ; 
 His crown assert, his issue nourish 
 And bid him Europe's father flourish, 
 Keplenished with a cornucopia 
 Of wealth and power from Eutopia, 
 To whom indulgent you may give 
 The tinsel of Prerogative ; 
 As fond mamma to humour master 
 And rivet his affections faster, 
 Presents him with a painted hobby, 
 To caper on about the lobby. 
 
 Distinguished thus, to shine right able 
 In senate or at council-table, 
 And blessed with patriot virtues more 
 Than Oliverian Broghill bore, 
 Your country, — we would say the county 
 Of C — rk in her abundant bounty, 
 (And she you know has vast donations) 
 Of course preferr'd you to such stations, 
 The King reposed such trusts of honour 
 In you, another King O'Connor** 
 As might enable your perfections, 
 Adroit at canvassing elections, 
 To prove how far your talent goes 
 In rhetoric of Ayes and Noes ; 
 Wliich grand endowments could not fail 
 To profit much the Common-weal. 
 
 Sir, in this general distraction 
 We with peculiar satisfaction, 
 And truth declare, at all events 
 What you may call our sentiments, 
 That you through all your wholesale tenor 
 And counter-tenor of demeanour 
 Have answer'd, when to tryal put most, 
 Our expectations to the utmost. 
 
 21250 
 
 * Koderic, King of Minister. 
 
242 
 
 Your conduct on a late occasion, 
 As famous, as the Dutch invasion, 
 In opposition to a set 
 Of courtiers in the alphabet, 
 C.O.N.S.E.N.T. Seven 
 Combin'd with such malicious leven, 
 As would enslave us, hookt like fishes, 
 By yielding only to our wishes, 
 This conduct merits from all ranks 
 (And here we give them) hearty thanks. 
 
 Some thought your partizans absurd 
 To cavil at a harmless word, 
 To which, though read, and read, and read, 
 Nor they, nor you their wiser head 
 Objected in the former Session, 
 According to your own confession. 
 
 But this without the hopes of pension 
 You did through perfect condescension, 
 To show you could with major skill 
 Reject it in a future bill, 
 As mountebanks, to raise the wonder 
 Of all the gazing rabble under, 
 Appear as dropping, when aslope 
 They spring rebounding on the rope. 
 
 Whatever were your motives then 
 To vote like temporizing men, 
 We now could swear, you never meant 
 To pass it into precedent. 
 
 However civil as we deem, 
 The word consent, if analyz'd, 
 Is downright tyranny disguis'd, 
 A cabalistic plot, no doubt 
 And thus we plainly make it out. 
 
 C. stands for Court, and 0. that borders 
 Thereon may pass as well for Orders : 
 Then N. numerically pat 
 Implies these orders are to Nat. :° 
 That S. included in the middle 
 For surplus sums I would unriddle, 
 E. bids exhaust, and N. the second 
 The nation's money may be reckon'd, 
 Or what is tantamount ; for T. 
 Can only mean the Treasury. 
 
 Our breasts with gratitude may burn ; 
 But, Sir, to make a full return 
 Is never to be done, in lieu 
 For what you did and did not do ; 
 For [all] the places, neat and fine, 
 You had the spirit to resign, 
 (And sure no spirit could be stronger) 
 When you could hold them on no longer. 
 
 * Nathaniel Clements, at the Treasury. 
 
243 
 
 Such actions in themselves must bear off 
 More honour, than you are aware of. 
 But, as a people (be it spoken) 
 Oblig'd we give this golden token, 
 And what's more precious than the Box, 
 The motto was composed by C — x. 
 
 And now, Sir Sampson of the nation, 
 To close this eloquent oration, 
 Since truth, which only was, when told, 
 A simpleton in days of old, 
 Improved by modern devotees, 
 Admits, it seems, of three degrees, 
 The great, the greater, and the greatest, 
 We are, though somewhat of the latest, 
 With truth superlative, as bound 
 In duty to the very ground, 
 In State affairs deep Connoisseurs, 
 Voire tres humble Serviteurs. 
 
 VIII. — IRELAND 1775-1783, 
 
 and some Miscellaneous and Undated Papers. 
 
 Sir John Blaquiere to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1775, Dec. 30. Dublin Castle. — Concerning the difficulties of 
 the proposed scheme to use some of the Irish troops for the 
 American service and to replace them with the brigade of 
 Scotch Dutch, to be recruited, paid and placed on the establish- 
 ment in Ireland. 
 
 Col. William Tonson to the Same. 
 
 1776, Feb. 18. Rathcormuck near Castle-Lyons. — Soliciting 
 Lord George's recommendations to procure him an Irish peerage. 
 Has a clear estate of 12,000/. a year, which will eventually be 
 increased to 16,000/. Offers to resign the Lieutenant-Govern- 
 ment of Cork, to put anyone whom his Lordship names into 
 the borough of Rathcormuck, and to purchase a seat in the 
 English Parliament.''' 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1776, Aug. 4. Lisnegar, near Rathcormuck. — Renewing his 
 request for a peerage. 
 
 General Sir John IrwineI to the Same. 
 
 1777, Jan. 31. Royal Hospital. — In relation to a military 
 order (enclosed) issued by him as Commander-in-Chief (signed 
 
 * Col Tonson was created, 13th Oct., 1783, a peer of Ireland as Baron Kiversdale 
 of Rathcormack. 
 
 f Commander in Chief of the forces in Ireland, 1775-82. 
 
244 
 
 J. Garden, Acting Deputy Adjutant-General), that henceforward 
 all correspondence, returns, and reports of the cavalry officers, 
 with certain exceptions, shall be sent to him through Major- 
 General Johnston. 
 
 Thos. Waite to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1777, Feb. 20. Dublin Castle.— 4 ' Lord Buckingham [shire] 
 delivered to me his Majesty's letter for my being of the Privy 
 Council publickly at his Lev6e, the first day of his arrival. 
 . . . It is rather too early to pronounce upon the sentiments 
 of people concerning his Excellency and Mr. Heron, but hitherto 
 the symptoms are as favourable as could be wish'd. The levees 
 have been uncommonly well attended, and by the persons of the 
 first rank and power in the kingdom, and my Lord Lieutenant's 
 polite behaviour and great attention to them is not lost. They 
 speak of it with much pleasure. He has a free open manner of 
 conversing which makes more way than he thinks, and I hear from 
 all hands, patriots as well as courtiers, that there is a general 
 good disposition towards him and his administration, which will 
 not be lessen'd when they find he has no new supplies to ask. 
 Even Mr. Ponsonby told me that he foresaw no difficulties in 
 their business, whilst Lord Buckingham continued to treat 
 gentlemen properly, unless any should occur concerning the 
 measures of the last administration. Mr. Heron is a very 
 sensible man, ready in business, and treats gentlemen so 
 differently from what they experienc'd very lately, that he 
 stands very high in their esteem. For myself, I have every 
 reason to be satisfied with his Excellency and his Secretary, and 
 in return shall endeavour to shew them by my assiduity and 
 fidelity, that I hope to preserve that impression which your 
 Lordship has made upon their minds to my advantage. 
 
 " I understand that some disapprobation has been expressed 
 on your side of Sir John Irwine's having left the business of 
 inspecting the cavalry, and of the late augmentation, to General 
 Johnston." The General arrived in April last, and, when Sir 
 John Irwine came over in June, had already made considerable 
 progress in his service, wherefore it was recommended to Sir 
 John that he should be allowed to go on with it. "I have only 
 to add, that from the first of his arrival here General Johnston 
 was manifestly in great favour with Lord Harcourt, and I cannot 
 say the same observation occurr'd to me with respect to Sir John 
 Irwine." Major-General Cuninghame is to go over to England 
 to settle certain military points conformably to the English 
 practice for the use of the army in Ireland. 
 
 Earl of Buckingham [shire] to the Same. 
 
 1777, May 4. Dublin. — I had yesterday morning a long con- 
 versation with Major-General Cunninghame on the subject of his 
 mission, but as his papers are not yet arranged we confined 
 
245 
 
 ourselves to generals. " I think the official arrangement will 
 not be difficult, something resembling but possibly not exactly in 
 the mode stated by your Lordship. It is my inclination, as, 
 knowing his Majesty's pleasure, it is my duty, to use every effort 
 to carry the military arrangements into execution." 
 
 Earl of Buckingham [shire] to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1777, May 24. — "I think it necessary to inform your Lordship 
 how far we have at present determin'd to settle the military 
 department in our office. Mr.Waite, upon consideration, declines 
 accepting of it, and therefore it will devolve to Mr. Meredyth, 
 with a Mr. Butler, who is an excellent accountant, and a Mr. 
 Usk under him. . . . The business of the Courts Martial is 
 is at present earryd on in a most slovenly manner. The deputy 
 judge advocate knows nothing of his business, which has pro- 
 duc'd some irregularitys, but I will take care that a more proper 
 appointment may soon be made. The infantry here will never 
 be compleat so long as they inlist any Irishmen. They should 
 be confm'd to recruit in England, and the English regiments 
 might procure numbers of men from hence if the recruits were 
 sent away or at least put on shipboard immediately upon their 
 being attested. It concerns me to find by the last monthly 
 returns that the number of deserters is increased, the people of 
 this country are but too much dispos'd to encourage and protect 
 them. . . . Everything here relative to myself continues 
 - to wear a favourable aspect, but I much fear that the bills which 
 my predecessors have left behind them will scarcely pass without 
 Parliamentary animadversion." 
 
 Sir James Caldwell to the Same. 
 
 1777, June 15. Castle Caldwell. — Enclosing a paper on the 
 smuggling of wool, particularly from Ireland, with a scheme for 
 its prevention. 
 
 Rev. John Hotham to the Same. 
 
 1777, July 19. Dublin Castle— Mr. Knill, private secretary 
 to the Lord Lieutenant, has resigned, on the plea of ill-health. 
 
 I have scarcely yet quitted the Castle, and begin to long to get 
 away from the smoke of Dublin. I receive great civilities from 
 everybody, and am well pleased with my situation, but cannot 
 yet accustom myself to the " inveterate sloth and shocking 
 poverty of the lower class of natives. Nor, to confess the truth, 
 am I enraptured beyond measure at the obstinate longevity of 
 the Bench ; because, most certainly, the immortality which I wish 
 them is by no means a terrestrial one." 
 
246 
 
 Earl of Buckinghamshire to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1777, Oct. 31. Dublin Castle. — "My own original sentiments 
 suggested to me that at the first blush my acquiescence in the 
 omission of America might not be agreeable, but I flatter'd 
 myself that the arguments stated in my letter would have been 
 deem'd conclusive. It has prov'd otherwise, which, notwith- 
 standing the consciousness of having acted upon the whole to the 
 best of my judgment, affects me with real concern. It appear'd 
 to me unnecessary to mention to your Lordship the unusual 
 circumstance of meeting a new House of Commons in which 
 there are ninety untryd members, nor did I chuse officiously to 
 state the favorable spirit towards the Americans so generaly 
 prevailing amongst a particular sect in this kingdom, which must 
 influence the votes of members representing countys and 
 populous citys, whatever their private opinions may be, when 
 the subject is directly before them. My own sentiments are 
 fully known and must evidently appear when the questions 
 relative to the troops, &c, are agitated. As to the gentlemen 
 lately in opposition, whose support Government has reason to 
 expect, they none of them express'd a wish that America might 
 not be mention'd in the speech, but even those of the persons 
 consulted who judg'd it expedient to introduce the subject, were, 
 from the present circumstances, inclin'd to treat it in terms more 
 exceptionable perhaps than total silence. Having no instruc- 
 tions to offer new propositions, it appear'd to me expedient, when 
 so advis'd by the most respectable counsellors, to carry on his 
 Majesty's measures upon the line in which I found them as 
 quietly as possible, and not to add fuel to a flame which, par- 
 ticularly in the North, as I have lately learn'd from very good 
 authority, is ready to break out, when the army is barely sufficient 
 to preserve tranquillity and, frequently with difficulty, to inforce 
 the law. 
 
 " Your Lordship will recollect that since the last Parliament 
 his Majesty has lost three most respectable servants, in Mr. 
 Malone, Mr. Clements, and Mr. Tisdale, men not easily replac'd. 
 The last, who has long been the principal support of Government, 
 at the most critical moment, when that time was necessarily 
 given to the settling of consequential arrangements which ought 
 to have been dedicated to the preparing business for the 
 Parliament ; and it realy appears to me that without the new 
 connections the business of the publick would with difficulty 
 have been carryd on, and it would have been impracticable, as it 
 now may not be easy, to prevent very disagreeable retrospective 
 resolutions relative to some arrangements previous to my arrival 
 in this country. 
 
 " The state of the Treasury speaks strongly, and when quieter 
 times will admit of a thorough investigation of the situation of 
 this country it will be found that Government cannot long be 
 conducted upon the system which for some years has prevail'd, 
 and if persevered in will absolutely prevent the parent kingdom 
 from deriving that assistance from Ireland which, when it can be 
 
247 
 
 given, ought to be required. Do not suspect me of ambitioning 
 the character of an Irish patriot ; I reason as an Englishman 
 who, with a proper attention to the interests of a kingdom in 
 some sort committed to his care, cannot be unmindful! of his 
 first great duty, the carrying his Majesty's measures into 
 execution, and in them furthering the prosperity of his native 
 country. 
 
 " What your Lordship mentions with regard to the sentiments 
 of Lord North and Lord Weymouth gives me some satisfaction, 
 but my primary wish must be the King's approbation, and the 
 loss of your Lordship's cannot but be sensibly felt by," &c. 
 
 Postscript. — " Your last favor will only be communicated to 
 Mr. Heron, but it is impossible that his Majesty's sentiments and 
 yours should not in a degree transpire and influence disagreeably 
 upon my situation here." 
 
 Earl of Buckinghamshire to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1777, Nov. 1. Dublin. — " I will trouble you with a line just 
 to mention what pass'd this morning in the House of Commons. 
 Mr. Daly mov'd that accounts of the provisions exported from 
 this country for two years past might be laid before Parliament. 
 The Prime Serjeant observ'd that the motion in itself was so 
 unexceptionable that he was ready to second it, but if it was 
 meant to lead to any question relative to embargo's, he was happy 
 to take the earliest opportunity of pledging himself to defend the 
 legality of them. This business will be agitated in a com- 
 mittee." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1777, Nov. 4. — " . . . That my speech has not quite 
 pleas'd in England is a matter now known to many. The Prime 
 Serjeant lately mention 'd to Mr. Heron that the omission of 
 America seem'd to him in that instance expedient and judicious, 
 but that he should think he deserv'd to lose his head if, in his 
 present situation, he did not zealously support his Majesty's 
 measures for the reduction of the Americans, and that he was 
 determin'd to take the earliest opportunity of declaring his senti- 
 ments in the most publick and the most explicite manner." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1777, Nov. 28. — Concerning the failing health of some of the 
 King's Ministers in Ireland and the difficulty of replacing 
 them. Mr. Waite's retirement is certain, and Mr. Meredyth 
 is also about to resign. With regard to Mr. Waite's successor 
 " he must be an Englishman ; a gentleman of this country, 
 however honourable and well-intentioned, must carry an imper- 
 ceptible bias into every transaction. . . . 
 
 * Walter Hussey Burgh. 
 
248 
 
 " Tho' the armaments of France and Spain will fully justify 
 the continuance of the embargo, I cannot but desire to learn the 
 exact language which it is intended I should hold. I directed Mr. 
 Heron yesterday to acquaint the Provost that nothing could be 
 more disagreeable to his Majesty or would be esteem' d more 
 hostile to Government than the encouraging any Parliamentary 
 proceedings relative to the embargo, exportation of provisions, 
 &c. He received the message civily, and declar'd himself ready 
 to take any line we pleas'd." 
 
 Dr. John Hotham to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1777, December I. Dublin Castle. — " . . . Though I am 
 now full ten months gone in Ireland, it is rather difficult for me 
 to give any account of the country. The very little of it which I 
 have hitherto had an opportunity of seeing, I must frankly con- 
 fess does not enchant me. The mud fences and rough stone 
 walls, both of them unfinished at best, if not ruinous, as they 
 generally appear to be, and the next to total absence of wood, 
 hurt my English eye very much ; nor can I reconcile myself as 
 yet either to the excessive dirt and poverty of the natives, or the 
 universal dejection of mind visible in the countenances of the 
 lower sort. They are certainly cruel also, and savage in their 
 nature, and as ignorant of all law, and indeed averse from all 
 wholesome restraint of it, as the wildest Indians. They are 
 slothful, gloomy, obstinate, and ungrateful ; and neither improved 
 by benefits, nor sensible of kindness. 
 
 " This must be understood of the peasantry, and most inferior 
 ranks. If we consider those who stand a step higher, who have 
 votes for members, who serve on juries, and in short are reputed 
 of some sort of consequence (which the peasantry here are not), 
 I fear an account of them, if truly given, will not be very favour- 
 able. They are absurd, shortsighted, tumultuous, and corrupt ; 
 and such friends to perjury, on almost all occasions, that though 
 no people go more to law than the Irish, I believe there is no 
 country in the world where real justice is so seldom done by the 
 determination of a jury. 
 
 " With regard to the lowest orders of gentry, I mean those 
 who, calling themselves esquires, and being called so by their 
 neighbours, live by their dog, their gun, and fishing net, or by 
 retailing the land which they rent in the wholesale, — a practise 
 which is the bane of this Hand, — I can say but little of them, not 
 having hitherto fallen in their way ; but as far as I can hear or 
 discover, they are not a race of beings from whom much informa- 
 tion or advantage of any kind is to be extracted, by any human 
 chemistry. 
 
 " As to the nobility and gentry of landed property, they are of 
 two kinds ; foreigners and natives. The first are such as 
 possess considerable property in Ireland, and enjoy it elsewhere. 
 To these lovers of their country, I have nothing to say. The last, 
 that is the natives, live indeed in Ireland, and enjoy their 
 
249 
 
 possessions so thoroughly, and in a manner so truly Irish, that 
 they generally become beggars in a few years' time, by dint of 
 hospitality and inadvertence. From distress of circumstances to 
 modern patriotism, the transition is not uncommon, but daily ; 
 indeed the one is the certain consequence of the other. 
 Accordingly they all turn patriots, and vociferate in Parliament ; 
 where, if nature do not admit of their being able, custom I am 
 sure does not prevent their being abusive, to an astonishing 
 degree ; and scurrility we all know is the forerunner of places, 
 pensions, sinecures, &c. &c. &c, which in this country have the 
 singular property of gathering like snow balls, and multiplying 
 themselves and one another ad infinitum. In short, either from 
 the want of public virtue, or superabundance of it, in people 
 here (I will not pretend to decide which), Ireland seems an 
 unfortunate country. Its size, situation, soil, and climate, make 
 no part of its misfortune ; for it is peculiarly happy in them all. 
 It suffers only by the conduct of its principals. Would but the 
 chief people of the Hand open their eyes to its real interest, and 
 therein their own, Ireland would be a favoured spot ; but I have 
 long said, and do maintain, that its first and greatest enemies 
 are the men of greatest rank, property, and popularity in the 
 country ; and so long as they continue their present line of con- 
 duct, so long will Ireland infallibly continue in the state it is ; 
 namely, as my countrymen would be apt to express it, growing 
 every day worse and worse. . . ." 
 
 [Lord Buckinghamshire] to Lord North. 
 
 1777, Dec. 3. Dublin Castle. — Announcing the transmission 
 of the Money Bills. In the copy of the Stamp Bill sent up to 
 him certain words were omitted, which have been inserted, from 
 the Bill itself, by the Clerk of the House, acting under advice 
 from all the Law Officers of the Crown. Copy. Unsigned. 
 [Bound by mistake in the volume for Home Affairs^] 
 
 The Bishop of Derry to Lord G. Germain. 
 
 [1778, Before July*?] — "I cannot omit so safe an opportunity 
 as the present of renewing my assurance to your Lordship that 
 the great armament is levell'd against Ireland, tho' a ridiculous 
 feint will be made on the Isle of Wight. The coast of Galway is 
 the place of landing, as the bearer can inform you, who knows 
 much of the detail. The manifesto intended to be dispers'd 
 exhibits Independence, Liberty of religion to all sects, and a free 
 trade. The man who gave the plan is son to a late minister, well 
 acquainted with England, and therefore dissuaded them from 
 
 *This letter was apparently written during the spring of 1778, after the acknowledg- 
 ment by France of American independence, and before the bringing in of the Irish 
 JRoman Catholic Eelief Bill. Cf. a letter from the Bishop to Pery, dated May 15 of 
 this year, Keport viii. of the Hist. MSS. Commissioners. Appendix, p. 197. 
 
250 
 
 their first intentions. They are encourag'd likewise to fix on 
 Ireland by letters and emissaries from both ends of the kingdom. 
 
 " Your Lordship will please to remember that nothing has yet 
 been done for the Romish clergy or for the people of that 
 persuasion, who hold everything cheap in comparison of their 
 religion ; that the Romish gentlemen are few, and of course have 
 little interest either over the clergy or peasantry; that to my 
 knowledge they think the gentlemen sacrific'd the liberty of 
 religion to the security of their property, which idea has 
 considerably lessen'd the little influence they had. If something 
 therefore be not speedily affected to pacify both the Papists and 
 the Presbyterians, we risque a general insurrection even upon the 
 appearance of the French. 
 
 " With all the regard I have for the Presbyterians, many of 
 whom I know to be excellent men, yet I deem them much more 
 dangerous at this crisis than the Papist. Their principles are 
 truly republican, and the profer of independency, which will be 
 instantly exhibited by the French, cannot fail of success among 
 them. The bearer can tell you this idea is only the revival of a 
 scheme under Conjians, and tho' it will not now be back'd by 
 the Popish gentlemen, yet it will be greedily swallowed by almost 
 all the Presbyterians. 
 
 " For God's sake, then, my Lord, let us not be sacrific'd either 
 to ind[olence?] or incredulity, and much less to the fear of 
 disgusting a venal faction in Ireland. The rights of humanity 
 demand a general and unlimited toleration at all times. Policy 
 peculiarly requires it at present. A seasonable indulgence to the 
 Presbyterian and Papist may save the kingdom. The Presby- 
 terians cannot believe that the K[ing] loves them — let his 
 Attorney General, or rather his eloquent Prime Sergeant, move 
 a repeal of the Test Act. It can disgust only a few ignorant 
 High Churchmen among ourselves, and will reclame some 
 thousands of ill dispos'd subjects among those sectaries. 
 
 " Place us all, my Lord, on the same footing, and we shall all 
 be equally good subjects ; but whilst Benjamin's mess is 
 distributed only to a few Episcopalians you cannot wonder that 
 the rest of the brethren should do something more than murmur. 
 'Tis unreasonable to expect equal loyalty where there has not 
 been shown equal favor ; the crop will ever correspond to the 
 culture, and woe must betide that farm where one spot is 
 cherish'd and the rest neglected. One happy, masterly stroke 
 may save Ireland for ages ; its ruin shall not lie at my door." 
 Enclosed in this letter is a note on American a fairs. 
 
 General Irwine to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1778, July 3. Royal Hospital— Concerning army matters 
 and his application for additional allowance. 
 
 "I am impatient to know what you will do with the Roman 
 Catholick Bill : I mean with the clause respecting the sacramental 
 test : and shall be obliged to you if you will • let me know its 
 
251 
 
 fate as soon as you can conveniently. Various are the opinions 
 here whether that clause will or will not return hither ; and if it 
 does not return, whether without it the Bill will or will not pass ; 
 and lastly suppose it to pass with the clause, whether the Bishops 
 will not object to the Bill in the House of Lords. 
 
 " So I perceive, que la guerre est bien entame ; we suppose here 
 that the Due de Chartres will not come out of Brest ; I take for 
 granted very few days will decide that matter. Lord Camden 
 says the only chance we have is to fight and beat them this year, 
 for that if this year passed over without a blow we were utterly 
 undone. I confess I did not see the reasoning, and did not care 
 to ask for an explanation, as it happened at my Lord Lieutenant's 
 in a full company, and I know not only Lord Camden's talent of 
 debating, but the dexterity all lawyers have of explaining their 
 meaning to be anything else, the very reverse even of what they 
 first said ; so out of prudence let the matter drop, and nobody 
 else took it up, only the Attorney General [Scott] sometime after 
 said somewhat of the little attention he gave to opinions where 
 America or American ideas were the leading principles. By the 
 way that same Attorney is a very stout gentleman, very firm in 
 his opinions or attachments, and very much your humble 
 servant. He has uniformly opposed the clause in the Popery 
 Bill about the test, not only in Parliament but in Council. I am 
 told he made a considerable figure during that debate." 
 
 Lord Buckinghamshire to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1778, Aug. 28. Dublin Castle. Private. — " The conceiving 
 some hopes from your Lordship's most friendly letter that his 
 Majesty may approve of those efforts which have been success- 
 fully exerted in the carrying through the Act for the releif of the 
 Papists affects me with most sensible satisfaction. From the 
 peculiar circumstances attending it no measure has ever been 
 agitated in this kingdom of a more intricate and delicate nature. 
 The question once decided, individuals state their sentiments with 
 candor, and convince me in what circumstances my judgment 
 was founded and where erroneous. Weighing the whole, I should 
 almost venture to pronounce that, with respect merely to the 
 temper of Ireland, the mode in which it found its way, however 
 embarassing at the time, has in the consequence prov'd the best. 
 
 " On Thursday last I wrote to Lord North and stated generaly 
 the probable very great arrear, which, notwithstanding the large 
 sums voted by Parliament, must be contracted before the next 
 sessions, even supposing that the expense of encampments 
 should not be necessary next summer. The papers upon which 
 the estimate is to be founded are drawing with all possible 
 accuracy ; the deficiency will, I believe, be nearer three than two 
 hundred thousand pounds, but I judg'd it better not to mention 
 any precise sum to his Lordship till our estimate was fully 
 digested. 
 
 " An union with England and the opening the ports of Ireland 
 has been hinted by more than one in conversation, from some 
 
252 
 
 who think such an arrangement the only method of parrying 
 the impending evils, from others who wish to know the 
 probability of such an idea's being adopted by Government. I 
 have given Sir R. Heron a caution which will be most religiously 
 observ'd by myself, not to risque any opinion upon so nice a 
 subject. 
 
 " The address to the Lord Lieutenant and the unanimity with 
 which it pass'd was very nattering, but it was not realy approv'd 
 by every individual, as Sir J. Blaquiere observ'd, when the draft 
 was preparing in the committee room, that it was a libel upon 
 the preceding Government. 
 
 " It is unnecessary perhaps to tell you, that my present ground 
 in Ireland, however good in many respects, is a little tender in 
 others. The immediate friends of the late Administration are 
 disgusted at my not placing an implicite confidence in them, 
 and cherish with others, whose expectation of emolument have 
 been disappointed, a deep tho' secret dissatisfaction against that 
 oeconomy adopted first from principle, but which now, from 
 necessity, must be adhered to. 
 
 "Lord North's conduct respecting my situation has been 
 uniformly honorable and liberal, nor can I in any instance trace 
 those misrepresentations of facts which most probably may have 
 reach'd him. This, as my appointment was not his immediate 
 object, gives him a double claim to my gratitude. The persever- 
 ing gradual rise of the funds would almost induce me to flatter 
 myself that expectations are forming of happier days, though 
 the grounds, if any, of those expectations are utterly unknown 
 to me. 
 
 " Your Lordship will not possibly be sorry to see a return of 
 our little army at Clonmell, which was sent me by Major Vyse, 
 one of my aide-de-camps. In mentioning his name it were 
 injustice (if I may risque an opinion upon a military man) not to 
 add, that he seems fully possessed of those qualifications which may 
 intitle him hereafter to take a lead in his profession. I will name 
 one which interests me particularly in his favor. He is a 
 gentlemen in the strictest sense of the word. Your Lordship in 
 looking upon the return will observe that the Light Infantry 
 Companys are detach'd and the officers are not included. 
 
 " Is it true that Lord Hertford is gone to Paris? " 
 
 General Irwine to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. 
 
 1778, Sept. 30. Royal Hospital.— Giving his views on the 
 subject of desertion from the army, and suggesting remedies, &c. 
 
 Lord Buckinghamshire to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1778, Nov. 13. Dublin Castle. — In a letter just receiv'd from 
 Sir H. Clinton, dated Sept. 24, he states that he was that day to 
 join Lord Cornwallis, who was marching to observe Washington. 
 
253 
 
 " Poor Irwine, the embarassment of whose circumstances 
 must, as it is apprehended, daily increase, sent me a memorial 
 a few days since for the continuance of his extraordinary 
 allowances during the winter. It was in consequence trans- 
 mitted to Lord Weymouth, but could not be recommended, 
 particularly as it would be a precedent for numberless other 
 similar claims. 
 
 " . . . Mr. Beresford was with me yesterday, and assur'd 
 me that there was no immediate probability of the Kevenue's 
 mending. We reason'd a great deal upon the abuses in the 
 collection, but he seems to think an effectual remedy impossible 
 to be obtain'd, as the change of measures which usualy attends 
 a change of governors would overturn any system of reform 
 before it could well be put into operation. . . . There 
 should undoubtedly be a first Commissioner of Revenue here, 
 as there is at the Treasury, Admiralty, Board of Trade, &c, 
 in England." 
 
 Lord Buckinghamshire to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1778, Dec. 8. Dublin Castle. — Concerning the impending death 
 of the Archbishop of Dublin. " His loss concerns me, as I have 
 long known him a pleasant and agreeable man. I would not 
 trouble you with an unnecessary word, yet wishing to acquire 
 every possible merit with you, indulge me in mentioning that 
 your recommendation of Dr. Fowler has had great weight in the 
 intended arrangement. Lord and Lady Crosby sup with me this 
 evening." 
 
 General Irwine to the Same. 
 
 1778, Dec. 20. Royal Hospital. — Desiring permission to go 
 to Bath, for his health, and expressing his gratitude to the King 
 for continuing his additional six pounds a day. 
 
 Lord Buckinghamshire to the Same. 
 
 1779, Jan. 19. Dublin Castle. Private.—'' ... The 
 Prime Sergeant has promis'd to send me his letter respecting 
 the present state of Ireland, &c, &c, &c, this day. I do not 
 believe he will go so far as the Speaker. That gentleman's 
 paper you will have seen, and I should think it will convince you 
 that if he did not suggest, at least he do's not disapprove of the 
 conduct of his countrymen. The Provost, who is much connected 
 with him, has attended several of the meetings of the manu- 
 facturers, &c. It has been, tho' vaguely, insinuated to me 
 that his harangues, tho' they express' d a disapprobation of 
 associations, &c, were not exactly calculated to annihilate them. 
 
254 
 
 He do's not seem in haste to communicate his opinions in 
 writing to me. Various circumstances may incline him to this 
 delay ; possibly he may be conscious that, like a great English 
 orator who is now no more, his declamations by far excell his 
 compositions. 
 
 "His Majesty's ministers are now tolerably well acquainted 
 with the state of this kingdom, and will probably give their 
 first leisure (when releiv'd from Parliament and the illiberal 
 Billinsgate of the wildest faction that ever distress'd a country) 
 to the determining something with respect to Ireland. Much 
 deliberation will be necessary, and some time requir'd in settling 
 a plan ; the outlines therefore cannot be drawn too early." 
 
 General Irwine to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1779, Jan. 28. Private. — " Government has a fair prospect 
 of a decided majority upon every question, but certainty cannot 
 be obtain'd. Lord Hillsborough receives by this post the most 
 accurate list of the House of Commons which we can form ; some 
 mistakes there must be. I have signifyd both to Lord North 
 and to Lord Hillsborough that if there is a wish to name a 
 successor immediately, no endeavors of mine shall be wanting 
 to render his situation agreeable or to promote his Majesty's 
 service. I dare not take upon me to determine what would be 
 the best, but the man who suspects me of a selfish bias wrongs 
 me cruely. The anarchy of the times is such that the opinion 
 of every prudent man must fluctuate." 
 
 Lord Buckinghamshire to the Same. 
 
 1779, April 10. Dublin Castle. Private.— Respecting a 
 statement of Lord G. Germain that the idea of making new 
 levies had been given up in consequence of Lord Buckingham- 
 shire's not having transmitted any plan for the King's 
 consideration. The writer quotes from one of his former 
 letters : — " If this letter together with that of the 1st instant 
 should lead to the determination of adopting such a measure, 
 your Lordship, as time presses, will favor me with the earliest 
 answer, informing me of the most extended latitude his Majesty 
 would please to allow respecting the appointment of the officers, 
 who probably would expect to have half pay and to keep their 
 rank." He then goes on to say, " Surely it was impossible for me 
 to form a plan till some answers had been given me to that most 
 necessary preliminary." 
 
 Dr. Hotham to the Same. 
 
 1779, May 29. Dublin Castle— Concerning changes in the 
 Bishops' Bench in Ireland (consequent on the death of the 
 Archbishop of Dublin), and his hopes of appointment to the 
 vacant see of Dromore. 
 
255 
 
 Lord Buckinghamshire to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1779, May 29. Dublin Castle. Private. — Complaining of the 
 attitude of Lord Weymouth, who gives no opening for any com- 
 munication distinct from official routine. There are many things 
 that cannot be put into a despatch which, after being submitted 
 to Parliament, may be circulated in every newspaper. " Would 
 it be prudent to insinuate my suspicion that the real object of the 
 associations and the paraded increase of the independent com- 
 panys is to alarm Great Britain into commercial concessions, and 
 that a personage of the first consequence, who has been greatly 
 oblig'd to English Government, and professes himself well dispos'd, 
 is in my opinion, clandestinely encouraging those political engines, 
 and using his best endeavours to propagate that spirit of appre- 
 hension which has been so zealously adopted by English patriots? 
 They meet {sic) those opinions to embarrass administration, which 
 are circulated by Irish patriots from the laudable principle, how- 
 ever erroneously conducted, of releiving the distresses of their 
 country. The gentleman above alluded to, told me he had heard 
 the present measures of the Irish stiled a passive resistance. 
 
 " Lord Kockingham's motion and the general language of alarm 
 held in Parliament, has, as I hinted in a former letter, influenc'd 
 most disagreeably here, and renders some indulgence from 
 England more immediately necessary to smooth the way for 
 public measures through our approaching sessions. . . ." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1779, June 2. Private. — " None of my letters from England, 
 either official or private, indicate whether it is understood that 
 the English Parliament means to take any further steps relative 
 to the affairs of this kingdom previous to the summer recess. 
 
 " My own opinion of the great first cause of the distress you 
 will have read in my late official despatch to Lord Weymouth 
 upon the subject. The gentlemen to whom application has been 
 made for their sentiments with respect to the origin of the 
 evils and the probable remedys, will linger in the formaly deliver- 
 ing them, but the necessity of expedition shall be represented. 
 The Commissioners of the Kevenue, from whom the fullest and 
 most authentick information is to be expected, have, as you must 
 have been inform'd, express'd the necessity of their being allowed 
 time for investigation and deliberation. 
 
 " The loosening the restraints upon the Irish commerce will 
 certainly give very great satisfaction, but the operation will be 
 only temporary, and no material advantage can be deriv'd till 
 the merchants trade with respectable capitals and the manufac- 
 turers become industrious. The abominable policy at this time 
 practic'd is, the moment there is an extraordinary demand for 
 any commodity, to work it up of an inferior quality and to 
 advance the price. 
 
 " About twenty butchers yesterday broke the windows of two 
 woolen drapers, and did some mischief in a haberdasher's shop, 
 
256 
 
 but were immediately dispers'd by the magistrates and the 
 military. Three of the ringleaders were sent to Newgate. The 
 Dublin Volunteers (whose numbers I am told do not exceed fifty) 
 were accidentally assembled to exercise and dine together, [and 
 erased] exerted themselves in quelling the riot. Offers of service 
 from the independent companys and requisitions for arms are 
 press'd upon me from all parts of the kingdom, and the mode of 
 declining the one and refusing the other without offence is 
 delicate and embarassing." 
 
 Lord Buckinghamshire to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1779, Aug. 20. Private. — " The important subject of your 
 Lordship's last letter will have the fullest consideration, the 
 result of which, when a little digested, shall be communicated to 
 you. It is the only measure which can produce permanent 
 tranquillity, substantial opulence, and diffuse civilisation in this 
 kingdom. But in the accomplishment, so many prejudices and 
 local and individual interests must be surmounted, as will render 
 it an arduous undertaking. . . . When you hear that the 
 Prime Serjeant has declar'd he can no longer stand forth in 
 Parliament as the leader of the publick business, you will deem 
 it no trifling addition to my other other difncultys. He com- 
 plains of want of confidence, and alledges that his opinions 
 may urge him to press more earnestly for commercial indulgences 
 to this kingdom than would become him when consider'd in 
 the light of a minister. He at the same time expresses the 
 most cordial regard to me, and a determination in general to 
 advise, support, and assist Government. Mr. Foster seems 
 perfectly steady, and in my opinion the other will come round, 
 or at least his differing upon a particular question will be by far 
 less embarassing than when he was consider'd as a leader. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1779, Sept. 24. Dublin Castle. Private.— " In the few lines 
 with which your Lordship was troubled upon the subject of 
 my projected speech, I omitted mentioning an alteration made at 
 the instance of all the persons consulted, greatly against my 
 judgment. It was the striking out a paragraph originally 
 inserted, which took notice of the important boon conceded to 
 Ireland in the releiving the establishment from the charge of the 
 regiments upon foreign service. 
 
 " The circumstance was peculiarly mortifying to my private 
 feelings, as I conceiv'd myself to have deriv'd some little merit 
 with this kingdom from the success of my reiterated applications 
 upon that subject, and surely it would be prudent in the Legisla- 
 ture by the most gratefull acknowledgments to have given an 
 idea of permanency to the regulation, and not to let an appear- 
 ance of insensibility for favors obtain'd indispose Great Britain 
 
257 
 
 to that further indulgence which Ireland with one voice sollicits. 
 The objections stated against the paragraph were, that the present 
 army, from the additional two regiments and the augmented 
 numbers, amounted nearly to the legal establishment, and that 
 the introducing the subject might lead to some unpleasing 
 retrospective animadversions. As the whole consideration is at 
 this time before the Cabinet, my anxious wish is that it may be 
 settled into the form most agreeable to his Majesty and best 
 conducive to his service. The sentiments of the Attorney 
 General, who was absent upon the circuit during the consultation, 
 agree intirely with mine. Your Lordship must approve of my 
 sollicitude not to use an expression or to introduce or omitt a 
 circumstance in the language held to Parliament at this crisis 
 but with the sanction and approbation of English Government. 
 
 " The arm'd society s daily increase, and the whole island will 
 be very soon, literaly speaking, herisse de combatants. Nothing 
 can effectually dissolve them but such a Militia Law as will carry 
 itself into execution, which must be one of the first objects of 
 the sessions. At the present, considering the various military 
 services to be provided for, and the check which the riotous dis- 
 position of the lower order of men too universaly calls for, with- 
 out these bands the kingdom would be without police, and in no 
 degree in a state of defence. 
 
 " The receipt of the revenue made some little advance lately, 
 but is now- sinking lower than ever, the non-importation agree- 
 ments are more rigidly adhered to than could have been imagin'd, 
 and an unlimited extension of commerce is, with very, very few 
 exceptions, the general language. When these facts are considered 
 the consequential embarassment need not be suggested. 
 
 " Do not suspect me of being unmindfull of the important 
 matter stated in one of your Lordship's last letters, but as it can 
 only be mention'd with the greatest delicacy and precaution, I 
 am not prepar'd to give you an answer. It concerns me to say 
 that hitherto the idea has met with little encouragement. My 
 opinion upon the general state of Ireland is that the full exertion 
 of the best abilitys can only, for the present, mitigate evils. The 
 effectual cure must wait for those settled times which will admit 
 of full deliberation and uninterrupted attention." 
 
 Sir James Caldwell to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1779, September 28. Sidmouth, Devon. — A long letter upon 
 the woollen trade of Ireland ; combating the objections of the 
 monopolist English merchants to a free trade in Irish wool. The 
 Yorkshire merchants seem not unwilling to grant it, but those of 
 Norfolk, Devon and Manchester object, first, that the Irish would 
 undersell them, and secondly, that they would be deprived of the 
 Irish wool, so essential to their manufacture. The difference in 
 expense is certainly very considerable. In England a wool-comber 
 must be employed, who earns from 9s. to 10s. a week ; the wool is 
 prepared with oil costing 7%d. to 8d. a pound or more, and the 
 woman that spins it would think 6d. a day small wages. In Ireland 
 the spinner would be content to earn 3d. a day and herself goes 
 21250 R 
 
258 
 
 through the whole process, from the sheep's back until the worsted 
 is ready for the loom, preparing it with the worst butter at Id. 
 or 3d. a pound, mixed with a mucilaginous juice got from fern 
 roots. The spinning can be done by girls of six or seven years 
 old, and the weaving is also done very cheaply, as " the women 
 of every peasant manufactures clothing and blankets for the 
 family." 
 
 "The confined notions of the selfish monopoliser will always 
 induce him to be averse to the encouragement of competitors" 
 but England has more interest in the prosperity of Ireland than 
 they imagine, and by the preventing of smuggling, and the better 
 chance of making these kingdoms the great centre of the woollen 
 trade, the prosperity of the traders would probably be greatly 
 increased. " Plenty, variety and cheapness must always draw an 
 extensive trade ; a person that wants goods would sooner go 
 to a town where there were ten shops that manufactured and 
 sold them, than to a town where there was only one." 
 
 Enclosing, letters from the Eight Hon. Owen Wynne, M.P., 
 Mr. Armour Lowry Corry, M.P. for co. Tyrone, Sir Fitzgerald 
 Aylmer, Bart., M.P. for Kildare, Mr. George Kochfort and Mr. 
 Patrick Cullen, on the bad condition of trade in Ireland, and on 
 the dangers that may arise from the martial spirit stirred up in 
 the people by the rumoured prospect of invasion. 
 
 Lokd Buckinghamshire to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1779, Sept. 30. Dublin Castle. Private.— " The idea of his 
 Majesty's Ministers having a more intimate connection between 
 the two kingdoms in contemplation has, by some means or other, 
 been in a degree communicated from England, and the temper 
 with which it is received leads me to apprehend that most 
 unpleasing consequences might insue should it be circulated with 
 an air of authority that this government had canvassed the 
 opinions of any individuals upon that subject. My duty to his 
 Majesty's service therefore renders it incumbent upon me to 
 wave any further investigation and earnestly to recommend that 
 at this time no measures of that tendency may be agitated. I 
 cannot, however, but be of opinion that some of the ablest men 
 in this kingdom see the propriety of a similar arrangement, but 
 the circumstance which the most convinces me of the immediate 
 inexpediency is their sentiments with regard to the pressing it 
 now. 
 
 " The desire of unlimited commerce will be the unanimous 
 language of this House of Commons. The few moderate men 
 will either be aw'd by national clamour into silence or their voice 
 will be lost amidst the general cry. Nor can anything much 
 short of this be expected in England when the Cabinet consider 
 the stile of the several confidential servants of the Crown in the 
 letters which have been transmitted. An address to his Majesty 
 of this tenor will undoubtedly be introduc'd. The directly 
 resisting it would be the attempting to stop the ocean with a 
 hurdle, but my best efforts shall be exerted, tho' perhaps in vain, 
 to reduce the terms and temperate the expectations. 
 
259 
 
 " I have not received any letter from Lord North since the 
 remittance of the fifty thousand pounds. Lord Weymouth seldom 
 enters into any particulars. His last despatch only mention'd 
 the approbation of the speech, and a general recommendation 
 of attention to the proceedings of Parliament. I have hitherto 
 in rather embarassing situations with better fortune than ability 
 preserv'd the tranquility of this kingdom. As to the sequel I can 
 only answer for my zeal for the publick service." 
 
 Dr. John Hotham to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1779, Oct. 27. Dublin Castle.— Thanking him for his kind- 
 ness in procuring for him the Bishopric of Ossory. 
 
 Lord Buckinghamshire to the Same. 
 
 1779, Oct. 28. Dublin Castle. Private.—" Your Lordship's 
 letter of the 21st leads me to mention once more what little 
 satisfaction I receive at this time from the approbation my 
 conduct has receiv'd here, tho' I cannot reproach myself with the 
 most distant wish of obtaining it at the expence of that first 
 incumbent duty owing by every individual to his native country. 
 But supposing my conduct to be directed implicitly by selfish 
 principles, can any transient popularity here stand in competition 
 with the favour of my sovereign and the good will and esteem of 
 those friends with whom my last scenes must probably pass ? 
 
 " The various circumstances which have occasioned the present 
 situation can never be fairly investigated but upon the spot. 
 Had your Lordship pass'd this last twelvemonth in Ireland you 
 would easily trace those evils which inevitably produced it. 
 
 " The Prime Serjeant's having been introduced and recom- 
 mended to Government by Mr. Tisdale has been repeatedly 
 mentioned, and at the moment was conceiv'd to be a wise measure. 
 Previous to this last step, tho' his indecision has inconvenienc'd, 
 it never had any material consequence. 
 
 " When the sessions opened it was universally known that he 
 no longer acted with the Castle, and his rash and ill-conceiv'd 
 amendment carry' d an air of hostility with it which could not, 
 but wilfully, be misunderstood. 
 
 . ' ' Tho' it has generally been thought in England that the favours 
 of the Lord Lieutenant have been withheld from the old friends 
 of Government, it is the contrary conduct which has contributed 
 to produce the present difficulty. The appointing Mr. Carlton 
 Solicitor-General, at the recommendation of the Attorney- 
 General, the engaging the deanery of Derry to the Speaker's 
 brother, and the next vacant bishoprick to Mr. Beresford, has in 
 my opinion determined the cast of all the late proceedings. A 
 free trade would certainly have been press'd for, but in a very 
 different mode, and with a very different temper. 
 
 " My political spirits are rather better, but I can answer for 
 nothing. Everything depends upon England's acting with more 
 wisdom than the wild patriots of this kingdom." 
 
260 
 
 Postscript. — " The Duke of Leinster has wrote me a letter in 
 that equivocal stile which evidently shews that no usefull 
 support can be expected from him." 
 
 Thomas Waite to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1779, Nov. 11. Dublin. Secret. — Concerning the proposed 
 extension of Irish trade. Sir Lucius O'Brien and Mr. Beresford 
 are qualified by their special knowledge of the subject to assist 
 the English Government in any inquiries they may make in that 
 direction. " The two newspapers which are regularly transmitted 
 from hence contain such full accounts of our proceedings in 
 Parliament that I need not say anything thereupon. The cry at 
 present is a short money bill, and it seems to be the general 
 opinion it will be carried unless something softening be applied 
 before the meeting of the British Parliament." 
 
 James Callander to the Same. 
 
 1779, Nov. 18. Hamilton Row, Dublin. — Upon the lawless 
 state of Ireland. "If your Lordship will please to cast your eye 
 upon a supposed line, drawen from Sligo to Wicklow, the country 
 to the South-west of that line are all Catholics — I say all, for the 
 Protestants bear no proportion whatever — universally ill-affected 
 to Government and well armed, for such has been the rage for 
 self- discipline that few villages are without fifty men tolerably 
 equipt. Many of the principal people concealed Catholics, the 
 peasantry not volunteers tho' called so, and wished to be thought 
 so, but payed by their officers and the money raised by subscrip- 
 tion amongst the better sort. The Catholic priests have 
 subscribed largely, and most certainly not for exterior defence, 
 for supposing an enemy to land, those who know them think they 
 (these volunteers) would join them to a man. That part of the 
 country round Tipperary is inhabitated by a set of miscreants 
 called White Boys ; there, even the common operations of justice 
 cannot be carried into execution, such as to recover rents, or to 
 eject the defaulter from a farm; it has been try ed ; the try al 
 ended in the murder of the officers of justice and impunity to the 
 offenders. These White Boys within these last three months 
 have been in unusual commotion ; much money has been 
 distributed amongst them, and they are neither despicably armed 
 or disciplined. . . . The priests have been extremly active, 
 pretending that they have not, as formerly, the same power over 
 their flocks, and upon that pretence, take leave to subscribe 
 largely towards furnishing part with arms to contain the others 
 in obedience. In short it is a district most lawless in the 
 strongest acceptation of the word." 
 
 To the north of a line drawn from Sligo to Dundalk, the 
 inhabitants are mostly dissenters, " violently attached, with 
 puritanical sentiments, to republican principles ; from thence 
 their strong predeliction to the American rebels, but that attach- 
 ment has subsided to a degree not to be conceived, ever since 
 
261 
 
 their (the American) depredatory excursions upon the Northern 
 coast. . . . The peasantry in the north are all armed and in 
 general well disciplined. . . . Some of their volunteers have 
 Presbeterian clergymen at their head." 
 
 The inhabitants of the intermediate and richest part of the 
 Island are a mixture of Church of England and Catholic ; the 
 landlords in general Protestant. " This district is armed, but not 
 in such numbers as the others ; in general averse to government, 
 and the utmost violence of temper fomented in the minds of the 
 lower class by their ill- judging landlords, who have assumed a 
 military command over them." 
 
 Thomas Waite to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1779, Nov. 24. Dublin. Private. — As to the weakness of 
 Government in acquiescing to a proposal of the Opposition for a 
 short money bill of six months for the supply to the Crown. 
 " Whether a short money bill could within this week past have 
 been resisted with effect I cannot say, but I have it from the 
 authority of gentlemen who understand the House of Commons 
 perfectly well, that by proper solicitation and speaking firmly in 
 time, it might and certainly would have been rejected. In all 
 events it should not have pass'd without a division, tho' Sir 
 Kichard had been the single member to divide. This spon- 
 taneous offer of Government to accede to it without a strugle is a 
 record that will hang about our necks like a millstone, and be 
 for ever quoted to prove what encouragement people here have to 
 persevere and to scatter terrors. . . ." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1779, Nov. 25. — A motion " that at this time it would be 
 inexpedient to grant new taxes " has been carried against the 
 Government by a majority of 123. Encloses a statement of 
 accounts showing the arrear on the Establishment and Loan 
 Funds at Lady Day, 1779, and also the state of the Loans and 
 Loan Duties. 
 
 John [Hotham], Bishop of Ossory, to 
 
 1779, Nov. 26. Kilcullen Bridge, 20 miles south of Dublin.— 
 Giving an account of his visit to Kilkenny, his diocese, and the 
 incidents of his journey thither. Also relating a conversation 
 which he has had with the Archbishop of Armagh relative to his 
 obtaining the see of Clogher. He wishes this letter to be shown 
 to Lord George, to whom the Primate had recommended him to 
 write. 
 
 Lord Buckinghamshire to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1779, Nov. 29. Private. — u ... As in any event, 
 government requires the adventitious assistance of men of 
 
262 
 
 ability in the House of Commons, it may be very proper to 
 suggest the difficultys which may occur in any new arrangement. 
 And for that purpose I will say a few words relative to those 
 gentlemen who have pretentions upon that line, the Prime 
 Serjeant excepted of who you have already heard but too 
 much. 
 
 " The Attorney General's ability s, his uniform zeal and 
 attachment for his Majesty's service, render him deservedly the 
 corner stone of Government. Mr. Forster has superior talents 
 for business, is particularly conversant in matters of account, 
 and greatly attended to by the House. His friendship to the 
 Prime Serjeant may be objected to him, which, in my opinion, 
 however, would not in any instance bias his Parliamentry con- 
 duct, more especially as that gentleman's late intemperate and 
 unjustifiable language has alienated the esteem of several of his 
 most intimate connections. (This leads me to inform you that 
 in consequence of Mr. Conolly's having observed to several 
 gentlemen that the Prime Serjeant's last speech was of a more 
 seditious cast than ever made by Mr. Plancock, Adams, or other 
 patriots previous to the American Kebellion, a relation of the 
 Prime Serjeant's attack'd Mr. Conolly in the House in very 
 insulting terms. This proceeding, if an immediate interference 
 had not taken place, would have led to a very serious decision.) 
 Mr. Fitzgibbon has been understood to be inclined to Govern- 
 ment and there was an idea of bringing him forward upon the 
 first arrangement, but his conduct has latterly been rather 
 hostile. Mr. Dennis Daly has clearly the best abilitys of any 
 member of the House of Commons, the lawyers excepted. I 
 some time since conceiv'd an idea that he might have been 
 induc'd to attach himself to Government, but that impression no 
 longer exists. Mr. Grattan, who owes his seat in Parliament to 
 Lord Charlemont and is intimately connected with him, would 
 not probably be tempted by any consideration to vary his 
 political line. Mr. Yelverton is possess'd of very great Parlia- 
 mentary talents, but it would be a disgracefull return to the 
 deservings of the Attorney General, with whom, without advert- 
 ing to recent most aggravating provocation, he has ever been 
 upon bad terms, to attempt the connecting them in official 
 business. Mr. Brown, brother to Lord Altamont, tho' his 
 abilitys are not brilliant, is esteemed as a man of business with 
 a sound usefull understanding. He is much esteemed, and has 
 a brother and nephew whose political conduct will be determined 
 by his. Tho' it is accidental the Provost would not be well 
 pleas'd to find his name the last in the list. He will not be 
 satisfy'd without being first, nor, being first, will he ever be 
 satisfy'd with any possible proportion of gratification ; and it is 
 my firm opinion that were he considered as the leader of 
 Government his unpopularity would more than counterbalance 
 his ability. The day of the second division he was ill in bed, but 
 directed one of his sons to insinuate his disapprobation of the 
 measure of government." 
 
268 
 
 Sir J. Irwine to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1779, Dec. 8. Eoyal Hospital. — " I return you thanks for 
 yours of the 30th of November. On Sunday night the Money 
 Bills were dispatched to you. I signed them, not that I approved 
 of them, but because I am of opinion that should they be 
 rejected there will be a rebellion in this country. The Primate and 
 I talked the matter over very seriously, and upon that ground 
 and that ground alone, agreed to sign them. I should never 
 have done were I to repeat the numberless stories I have heard 
 of the opinions and conversations held here respecting commerce, 
 independence of England, and the utility of the volunteers to 
 force England to consent to all the demands of this country. 
 Those who mean the best, and those who pretend to mean the 
 best say, What can we do? We disapprove of all these violences, 
 but we have the bayonet at our throats, and must submit, and 
 indeed it is not possible to conceive a parliament more under the 
 subjection of the people than this is. I hear that a sham suit is 
 to be instituted in order to bring an appeal before this House of 
 Lords, and woe betide their Lordships if they reject the appeal." 
 
 Regrets that Lord Weymouth has left the Secretary's office, but 
 has no objection to Lord Hillsborough. Hopes for union among 
 the ministers, as the King's authority would be considerably 
 shaken if a total change should take place. 
 
 Lord Buckinghamshire to the Same. 
 
 1779, Dec. 9. Dublin Castle. Private.— Stating that the 
 news of the commercial indulgence which Lord North will propose 
 for Ireland has given great satisfaction to all moderate men. On 
 the raising of new regiments, &c. 
 
 Postscript. — Sir Bichard Heron wishes to retire. It will be 
 absolutely necessary to have someone in his place "who can 
 firmly explain and support the measures of government in the 
 House of Commons." 
 
 The Bishop of Ossory to the Same. 
 1779, Dec. 12. Dublin. — Complimentary. 
 
 Thomas Waite to the Same. 
 
 1779, Dec. 18. Dublin Castle. Private.—" . . . Yester- 
 day Sir Bichard Heron received a letter of the 9th inst. from Mr. 
 Chanier, inclosing by Lord Hillsborough's order a copy of the 
 Besolutions which Lord North read in the House of Commons on 
 that day, and which he says his Lordship proposed to move as on 
 this. They are so very beneficial to this kingdom and so much 
 beyond what they had any reason to expect, that my Lord 
 Lieutenant thought it right immediately to make them known to 
 the Privy Council, where I hear they were received with great 
 satisfaction, and I am further inform'd this day that they have 
 spread a general joy through the city. There was no idea of our 
 being able to obtain a free trade without an union, and until that 
 
264 
 
 is established the thorns are still left in the sides of English 
 Government. We shall have the same disagreeable road to 
 travel every Parliament winter, for we shall always have some- 
 thing to wish and to raise mobs for, and how can we doubt of 
 success after what we have lately obtained. The greatest 
 blessing that could befal this country is an union upon proper 
 terms. I shall not be surprized, even before this Session closes, 
 to see attempts made to abolish Poynings's law, to deny the power 
 of the British Parliament to bind us by British laws in any case, 
 and to set up a claim in the House of Lords here to hear causes 
 upon appeal from the Four Courts. . . . 
 
 " Mr. Fox seems to have winced at the charge of the English 
 and Irish Opposition being in correspondence. That gentleman 
 is so very abusive and petulant in his performances, that I 
 wonder he is not called out ten times in a day." 
 
 Thomas Waite to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1779, Dec. 14. — Giving further information of the success of 
 the Besolutions. When read in Council, "each member stood 
 up and declared his perfect satisfaction with them excepting the 
 Speaker, the Provost, Mr. Vice-Treasurer Flood and Mr. Brown- 
 low, who sat sullen and opened not their mouths." Lord 
 Charlemont is contented, and it is to be presumed that Mr. 
 Grattan will not differ from his patron. 
 
 [The Same to the Same?] 
 
 1779, Dec. 16. — Defending Lord Buckinghamshire from the 
 charge of having neglected the political friends of Lords Towns- 
 hend and Harcourt, and giving further details of the general 
 satisfaction of members of the Privy Council with Lord North's 
 Eesolutions. Docketted in Lord George's writing, " Mr. W." 
 
 Lord Bellamont to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1779, Dec. 17. Dublin. — A long letter, giving a very 
 minute account of the part taken by the writer in the debates 
 in the House of Lords, and of an interview with the Lord 
 Lieutenant. 
 
 Lord Buckinghamshire to the Same. 
 
 1779, Dec. 21. Dublin Castle. Private.— " After having 
 experienced many, very many, anxious moments, it is with 
 pleasure I can assure you, that the proceedings yesterday in the 
 Irish House of Commons exceeded my most sanguine expecta- 
 tions, and fully met my wishes. The tryumph of Lord North 
 and the disgrace of his English opponents were equaly compleat. 
 Two resolutions expressing the satisfaction of Ireland pass'd with 
 mark'd acclamation, not a dissentient voice. 
 
 " Every effort has been exerted by the emissary s of faction, 
 France, and America to check this gratitude, which have had no 
 
265 
 
 other operation but to prevent a general illumination, as the 
 magistrates apprehended it might have occasioned a mob riot. 
 The Castle was to have been illuminated upon Sunday night. 
 The Lord Mayor signify d a request that it might be defer' d till 
 the next day in order to enable the city of Dublin to make the 
 necessary preparations. In the morning I receiv'd a message 
 from the Lord Mayor, &c, earnestly desiring it might be 
 postpon'd, which was acquiesced in, as had any disagreeable 
 circumstance arisen, the blame would then have fallen upon the 
 Lord Lieutenant. 
 
 u There now seems a fair prospect that the Irish business will 
 proceed after the holidays without material difficulty s. More 
 embarassment is to be apprehended from the insidious insinua- 
 tions and secret intrigues of those who enjoy the greatest favors 
 from the Crown than from any part of Opposition. The Provost 
 has done a great deal of mischief at Corke. I have been accus'd of 
 withholding confidence. Some, I doubt, have been trusted too 
 much, but I will not tire you with suspicions, tho' perhaps 
 founded. 
 
 " Mr. Foster is, to the conviction of my own mind, acting a fair 
 and honorable part. It was his firmness which prevented the 
 whole spirit of the Kesolutions of yesterday from being negotiated 
 into nothing, before the House met. The Speaker privately 
 labor'd totaly to prevent the measure. Your Lordship will be 
 cautious how you communicate that circumstance. I am assur'd 
 that several of the speeches of yesterday were very fine 
 performances, particularly Mr. Forster's, Mr. Daly's, Mr. Ogle's, 
 Mr. Burgh's, and Mr. H. Flood's. The Attorney-General clos'd 
 very well with expressing a wish that the newspapers should not 
 venture upon this occasion to misrepresent the language of 
 Parliament." 
 
 1779, Dec. 21. Dublin. — Concerning Lord North's Eesolutions. 
 " The Eesolutions have just now past our House with perfect 
 unanimity. They exactly correspond with those of the House of 
 Commons, which I had the honour of sending to your Lordship. 
 The motion was made by Lord Shannon, as I believe I mentioned, 
 and was seconded by the Archbishop of Cashell." 
 
 1779. — Abstracts of the expenditure and revenue receipts of 
 Ireland, for two years ending Lady Day, 1779. 
 Charge of Government : — 
 
 Lord Bellamont to Lord George Germain. 
 
 Revenue of Ireland. 
 
 Civil List ... 
 Military List 
 
 Extraordinary Payments . . . 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 336,475 6 
 
 937,679 13 0| 
 
 432,474 3 6£ 
 
 Total 
 
 ... £1,706,628 17 1J 
 
 * Dr. Charles Agar, afterwards Lord Somerton. 
 
266 
 
 Produce of the Revenue : 
 
 Hereditary Revenue 
 Additional Duties ... 
 Stamp Duties 
 
 Poundage and Pell fees, &c. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 668,123 14 10f 
 
 480,921 1 10f 
 
 28,787 16 1 
 
 42,865 4 3J 
 
 Total 
 
 ... £1,220,697 17 2 
 
 Excess of Charge over Revenue, £485,930 19 11J 
 
 As compared with the two preceding years, the charge shows 
 
 an increase of £77,253 2s. 9^d. ; and the Revenue a decrease of 
 
 £323,230 4s. Sid. 
 
 The Present State of Ireland. 
 
 1779. Paper unsigned, headed as above. — The chief causes of 
 the present distress are said to be the decrease in the value of 
 land ; the impoverishment of the farmers and manufacturers by 
 the decline in the linen trade, the non-payments of rent and of 
 interest ; the fear of invasion ; the increase of the National Debt ; 
 additional taxation, and notwithstanding this, a decrease in the 
 revenue. These evils are principally imputed to commercial 
 restrictions and the American War. 
 
 1780, Jan. 25. Secret. — Sir Richard Heron has requested 
 Lord North to send some proper person in his place, and the 
 writer has signified his desire that Mr. Eden might be induced to 
 come. Defends himself against the accusation that he has 
 exhibited supineness and dissipation. " There is not a man in 
 the office who will not vouch for my having paid a very unusual 
 attention to business. Last summer, during Sir Richard Heron's 
 absence and Mr. Waite's indisposition, I frequently acted as a 
 commis. Mr. Waite's health is now so bad that he cannot in fact 
 be considered as an official man." 
 
 1780, Feb. 3. Private. — Announcing the death of Lord 
 George Germain's "old friend Mr. Waite, who after having 
 gradualy declin'd was seiz'd yesterday with a slight convulsion 
 fit, after which he fell asleep and died without a groan." The 
 writer has fixed upon Mr. Sackville Hamilton to succeed him. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1780, Feb. 5. Private. — " This is wrote with the same 
 degree of confidence which dictated your Lordship's letter of the 
 
 "From my first arrival, no opportunity has been omitted of 
 misrepresenting my conduct by a few gentlemen who have found 
 means to persuade Lord North's interior cabinet of their having a 
 
 Lord Buckinghamshire to Lord G. Germain. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 31st. 
 
267 
 
 degree of weight in this kingdom which by no means belongs to 
 them. If, whenever his Majesty names my successor, he should 
 lean upon them for support the publick business will be very ill 
 conducted. A man of the first consequence in this kingdom, and 
 of those most zealously attach'd to his Majesty's Government, 
 mentioned lately to Sir Richard Heron that my administration 
 was in an awkward situation when I could not dispatch an 
 express without it being accompanied with another calculated to 
 cut my throat. Some weeks ago I evidently trac'd a concerted 
 plan to frighten me from hence at the same moment that 
 insinuations were propagated in England of its being impossible 
 for me to carry on the business, and a list of the House of Com- 
 mons transmitted by a very officious but very ignorant gentleman, 
 in which the Opposition had nearly a majority. Lord Shannon, 
 Lord Ely, the Clements's, and Sir R. Deane are completely 
 satisfyd with me. The Archbishop of Cashel has cordialy 
 undertaken to watch the business of the House of Lords. As to 
 the Provost, he is impracticable. Upon the whole I do not 
 believe that the gentlemen who illiberaly and ungratefully affect 
 to complain of being neglected could make four votes in 
 Parliament. 
 
 " Mr. Conolly has never during my residence in this kingdom' 
 attempted to interfere in my councils, or even to talk upon 
 business, professing himself always to stand independent of 
 Government. At this time indeed (and the Attorney -General is 
 the loudest in declaring it), he is a most active and efficient friend 
 to Government, and I am confident will be the first man to 
 express his disapprobation of any motion relative to Poynings 
 Act or any captious question whatsoever. The Duke of Richmond 
 has indirectly attempted to interefere with his politicks, but met 
 with no attention. Mr. Conolly is rather upon cool 'terms with 
 the Duke of Leinster, and something worse with the late Prime 
 Sergeant. Without troubling you with tedious particulars, you 
 may rest persuaded that no assurances of support from one 
 quarter prevents me from seeking it in another, for the majority 
 upon any question should be very superior to awe the ill-dispos'd 
 without doors. Tho' such an opinion cannot be officially 
 risqued, I will whisper your Lordship that there seems to be the 
 fairest prospect of my closing the session with honor. . . ." 
 
 R. [Fowlee], Archbishop of Dublin, to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1780, Feb. 5. The Palace [Dublin]. — Since his former letter, 
 (praying his Lordship's assistance against the Bill sent hence for 
 the Repeal of the Sacramental Test), the four Archbishops and the 
 Bishops now in Dublin have written to the Archbishop of 
 Canterbury desiring his help also. But in case the Bill be 
 approved by the English Privy Council they now take the 
 liberty of recommending strongly that the following or a similar 
 declaration should be inserted to be made by every person before 
 his admission to any office of power or trust in Ireland : — 
 
268 
 
 " I, A.B. do solemnly profess and declare that I do not believe 
 that the Publick Worship of the Church of Ireland as by law 
 established is sinfull or idolatrous, and that I do not hold myself 
 bound in conscience to use any endeavours to introduce any other 
 form of Publick Worship which in some respects I may conceive 
 to be more expedient." If the Bill should be returned without 
 such a declaration from Dissenters, the Bishops have reason to 
 apprehend " that our religion would not remain many years the 
 Established one in Ireland, and if they adhere to their ancient 
 tenets will not be even tolerated." 
 
 The Bishop of Killaloe to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1780, Feb. 5. Dublin Castle. — Thanks him for his appoint- 
 ment, and expresses his belief that the Lord Lieutenant will 
 have respectable majorities when Parliament meets next week. 
 
 Sir James Caldwell to the Same. 
 
 1780, Feb. 19. Bath. — Encloses copy of a letter received 
 from General Fraser, suggesting that he should raise a regiment 
 •of cavalry in Ireland to be commanded by his brother, Frederick 
 Caldwell, now a Major of Cavalry in the Portuguese service. 
 
 P.S. — " I was yesterday informed by a letter from Ireland that 
 Mr. Grattan and Mr. Yelverton had proposed in the Commons 
 that no supplies should be granted until Ireland was admitted to 
 be as free with respect to the controul of the English Parliament 
 as it is now in its liberty of trade, and that Sir Richard Heron 
 consented that the supplies should not be gone into until after 
 the Assizes." Much has been said in the Irish debates of Sir 
 John Poyning's Law. One member described it as the Palladium 
 of the constitution, to which another responded that he wished 
 to God a Ulysses could be found to steal it away. " I have had 
 lately some conversations with Lord Gower, who is now here. 
 When we were together at Paris I had the honour of his 
 acquaintance. His Lordship does not seem inclined to opposition, 
 and mentioned to Colonel Bathurst and to me that he was well 
 pleased that his county (Staffordshire) had not petitioned. Lady 
 Gower is a most zealous friend to the Ministry. Her Ladyship 
 said she hoped my near connexion to Lord Shelburne did not 
 make me of the same way of thinking ; I said no person could be 
 more averse to it." 
 
 Sir John Irwine to the Same. 
 
 1780, February 20. Royal Hospital. — I say nothing of the 
 politics here, as General Cunninghame will tell you every- 
 thing. I do not think his account will please you ; it is not 
 possible " for any Government here to have been more to the 
 wish of those who want to throw off English government than 
 the present. It would be useless were I to attempt telling you the 
 ridiculous things I hear every day of the Secretary [Heron] , and the 
 contempt he is held in by all parties." Lady Harriot Hobart is to 
 
269 
 
 be married immediately to a Mr. Corry, a man of great estate and 
 wealth. Poor Lady Kildare is dead. Lord Ross has got it into 
 his head that there is to be some expedition sent from this country, 
 and is most anxious to serve on it, but does not wish his desire 
 to be known on this side of the water " lest he should have his 
 wife and all his relations teazing him to death." I shall be 
 obliged to you if you will lay his request before the King. No 
 officer could have done his duty with more care and exactness 
 than he has done ever since he was employed, or shown more 
 intelligence, zeal and alacrity upon all occasions. " He never asks 
 any questions, but on a moment's warning is ready to mount his 
 horse, and to go anywhere or to do anything. . . . 
 
 " For God's sake what could have made Lord Carmarthen (to 
 all appearance) so ungrateful to the King? I hope it was not 
 his being refused the place of Cofferer. Who is to have the key 
 in his room? Will the Duke of Dorset get it ? " Lady Crosbie 
 mends apace. 
 
 Major Caldwell. 
 
 [1780, February?] — Plan of the above for raising a regiment 
 of cavalry in Ireland. 
 
 The Earl of Buckinghamshire to Lord George Germain. 
 
 [1780], March 6. — Stating that Sir Richard Heron is on the 
 point of starting for England, and will be followed in a few days 
 by the Speaker, who, though a zealous Irishman, knows the 
 true interests of his country. The business of the commercial 
 regulations has met with such delay that it has had to be post- 
 poned until after the recess. The determined language of the 
 Duke of Leinster in the House of Lords has had a very material 
 effect, and many respectable gentlemen, who mean to attend the 
 Assizes, have pledged themselves to use every endeavour to 
 check the spirit so industriously excited. 
 
 Underwritten, in the Earl's own hand. 
 
 March 11. I rather suspect . . . that the original oj 
 this letter ivas in the mail which icas sunk when the packet 
 was taken. Your lordship will attribute to the hurry of 
 business and this being fixed for my daughter's wedding day, 
 my having employed another hand to copy this letter from 
 my boek." 
 
 Lieut.-Gen. Cuninghame to [the Same]. 
 
 1780, April 20. Dublin. — " Yesterday Mr. Grattan introduced 
 his resolution, and the Speaker did not quit the chair till between 
 6 and 7 o'clock this morning." An amendment to the resolution 
 was carried by the Government by 136 to 97, "but although 
 
 * M.P. for Monaghan ; commander of the forces in Ireland, 1793 ; afterwards 
 Lord Eossmore. He was A.D.C. to the Primate when the latter was Lord Justioe 
 in 1751. See p. 172 above. 
 
270 
 
 there were 136 of opinion that such a resolution at this time was 
 inexpedient, there was not a single member that spoke who did not 
 declare that Ireland was not bound by British Acts of Parliament 
 in any cases whatsoever. ... It seemed to be the general 
 sense of gentlemen that there should be Irish Acts to confirm all 
 British Acts that are necessary and now in force here. . . . 
 Many gentlemen who were magistrates declared they would never 
 execute for the future any part of the British Act of Mutiny." 
 
 William Knox to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1780, May 26. Dublin.— Concerning the Mutiny Bill. Lord 
 Buckingham is not ignorant of anything it behoves him to 
 know in his situation, and were he unconnected with the families 
 he is related to in Ireland, and had an abler Secretary, no man is 
 fitter for Lord Lieutenant in the House of Peers, but Mr. Conolly 
 and Sir Kichard [Heron] are two millstones about his neck. 
 " Firmness and temperance, with a readiness at expedients, will 
 do here yet, but you must be sparing of your instructions, 
 for it is much better people here should use their discretion with- 
 out pledging administration, and then your judgement has free 
 scope to operate afterwards." 
 
 Sir J. Irwine to the Same. 
 
 1780, July 11. Dublin. — " I landed here on Saturday night 
 after a most tedious passage, and a very narrow escape from the 
 Black Prince privateer. I passed by a vessel about three leagues 
 from the hill of Howth which had been taken and ransomed a 
 few hours before ; and I find that within these six days upwards 
 of thirty vessels, chiefly colliers, have been taken by that 
 privateer. The people here complain very much on this subject. 
 I suppose my Lord Lieutenant will make some representation to 
 England about it. 
 
 " I found his Excellency very much agitated, and very appre- 
 hensive that any alteration should be made in the Mutiny Bill, 
 for he assures me that if any material alteration is made the bill 
 will be most assuredly rejected here, and every sort of confusion 
 will follow. His Excellency thinks it is absolutely necessary to 
 temporise for the present with this country, and in more peace- 
 able times, under another Governor and another mode of 
 government, to try to recover that authority which seems now to 
 be shaken. I say it is more than shaken, for I think it is gone. 
 It is to no purpose to repeat what I have so often said when I last 
 had the honour to see you, that I do not meet a single Englishman 
 here (the Beresfords excepted) and I have not yet seen the 
 Primate nor Lord Chief Justice Paterson since my return. The 
 fact is they (if any really do wish well to English Govern- 
 ment) are affraid of their popularity, and of the volunteers, and it 
 seems not unreasonable for men under these impressions to wish 
 the Mutiny Bill to pass in a manner which will be agreable here, 
 because if the army were to be disbanded, or not kept under 
 discipline, the only sort of support they can have will be their 
 
271 
 
 popularity, and their only protection the volunteers, which 
 naturally makes me reflect on the original misfortune, which was 
 suffering these volunteers ever to be formed, and which I still 
 think might have been stopped at first. Lord Buckingham says he 
 wishes most earnestly that he could see the King, and explain to 
 him and the Ministers the state of this country. 
 
 " I most sincerly congratulate you on the . good news from Sir 
 Henry Clinton. I think we shall all live to see matters settled in 
 that part of the world. 
 
 " With all Sir George Eodney's pains, and a great deal he 
 takes, I find he cannot bring the French fairly to action. I 
 trust he will be able to give a good account of the Spanish Fleet 
 he is now looking out for. 
 
 " We talk here as if there might have been an action off or 
 near Brest, between Admiral Geary and the combined fleets ; if 
 there is any thing in it, I suppose we shall soon hear from you." 
 The letter concludes with family matters. 
 
 George Howse to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1780, Aug. 14. Wicklow. — Informing him of the success of 
 •his recommendation to the Archbishop of Dublin in the writer's 
 favour, and of the latter's appointment to a living worth near 1501. 
 a year. " But, my good Lord, I have received greater advantages 
 from your Lordship's goodness than you were aware of. I have 
 lately married a most amiable young lady of a good family, and 
 with a fortune nearly sufficient to pay off my incumbrances, and 
 whose friends were induced to consent to my happiness merely 
 because they considered me as under your patronage and pro- 
 tection." 
 
 Lord Buckinghamshire to the Same. 
 
 1780, Aug. 14. Private. — " As yet the efforts of faction to 
 raise any appearance of sedition have been ineffectual. . . . 
 The future Lord Mayor of Dublin, tho' rather dull, is very well 
 disposed and resolute. This circumstance is not without its 
 weight." 
 
 E., Archbishop of Dublin, to the Same. 
 
 1780, Aug. 16. Dublin. — Captain McBride has taken a French 
 man-of-war of 74 guns. The new Sugar Bill was carried in the 
 House of Commons by 119 to 38. The return of the Mutiny Bill 
 has closed and healed imaginary wounds, having operated like a 
 charm on many turbulent spirits. " This morning an account of 
 the Bishop of Cloyne's death was received, which very fortunately 
 makes room on our bench for Dr. Woodward, a very learned, able 
 divine, and one of the most respectable characters in the kingdom. 
 He is an Englishman and has been many years Dean of Clogher. 
 As my Lord Lieutenant does him the honour of recommending 
 
272 
 
 him to his Majesty for the vacant bishoprick, I flatter myself 
 there cannot be the least shadow of doubt of the Dean's succeed- 
 ing to it. But shou'd there be the least demur, may I take the 
 liberty of intreating your Lordship to represent the real worth of 
 the Dean where I am sure such intrinsick and transcendent merit 
 is always duly regarded. Dr. Woodward had formerly the honour 
 of being acquainted with Lord North, and is at present very well 
 acquainted with Lord Nugent. Should he, the Dean, have 
 the misfortune of not succeeding to the bishoprick, it wou'd, I am 
 convinced, be one of the most sensible mortifications that cou'd 
 possibly happen to Mr. Conolly, whose principal object here for 
 some years has been the procuring his friend, the Dean, lawn- 
 sleeves. And allow me to say that altho' Mr. Conolly is 
 sometimes a little eccentrick, yet, believe me, the two kingdoms 
 are highly indebted to him for curbing, repressing, and stifling 
 the democratick and enthusiastick spirit so ready to burst out on 
 many occasions during the last and the present year. For 
 besides his parliamentary interest (which is considerable) he 
 has a very great personal one in this kingdom, particularly in the 
 north. The character I have had the honor of giving your 
 Lordship of the Dean was not dictated by friendship (altho' I 
 have a sincere one for him), but is a tribute due to his transcendent 
 merit. Therefore I flatter myself your Lordship will excuse the 
 liberty I have taken above." 
 
 P.S. — " Past eleven — House of Commons not yet up." 
 
 Lord Buckinghamshire to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1780, Aug. 17. — " Your Lordship will not be sorry to learn that 
 the Army Bill was carry'd last night in the House of Commons, 
 115 to 63. tellers included. . . . The spirits of the opposition 
 appear'd to be greatly sunk, and the debate was conducted with, 
 of late, unprecedented tameness. This division and that of 
 Monday, 119 to 38, cannot be deemed a discreditable conclusion 
 of so turbulent a sessions. . The language held by the gentlemen 
 who first introduced the Army Bill could not but be offensive to 
 English Government, otherwise, as it now stands, it appears to 
 me in every light a most desirable measure." 
 
 John, Bishop of Ossory, to the Same. 
 
 1780, Aug. 26. Dublin. — On my return to Dublin, "I found 
 the session here drawing to a conclusion, and party business 
 within doors pretty effectually silenced for the present, tho' some 
 of our worthy, or rather worthless city of Dublin patriots seem 
 more violent, if possible, than ever, and the Freeman's 
 Journal and some other prints have been lately more than com- 
 monly inflammatory." Kesolutions in both Houses of Parliament 
 directing the writers, publishers, &c, to be prosecuted "will 
 probably help to cool the ardor of these wrong-headed and wrong- 
 hearted gentry."' 
 
 * Dr. Hotham, translated to Clogher. 1782. 
 
273 
 
 "Your Lordship's hint on the subject of my removal at a 
 proper time to Clogher is so full that I cannot possibly mistake 
 it, and so friendly at the same time that I can never express my 
 thanks sufficiently. I leave the matter entirely to your Lordship, 
 and do not intend to be impertinent or intrusive any farther on 
 the subject, convinced that I have nothing to do but sit still, quiet 
 and silent. I understand, however, by accident that I have a 
 rival, whom I confess, in the words of Shakespear, ' my wisdom 
 fears.' It is Dr. Hawkins, who having just succeeded to Eaphoe, 
 which I understood was to have contented him for the rest of his 
 life, now thinks he should be better contented with Clogher for 
 the rest of his life, unless something still better than that should 
 afterwards befall him and content him better still to the end of 
 his life. Lord North being his patron and (what perhaps is much 
 more to the purpose) Mr. Keene being his sollicitor at Lord 
 North's elbow, I confess alarms me. Yet considering the wonder 
 of everyone here at his having gotten thus far, and the deplorable 
 policy of giving such a borough as that of Clogher into the hands 
 of a person of this country, on which I need not expatiate in 
 writing to your Lordship, I am willing to hope that in times like 
 the present he may not succeed to the particular see in question. 
 But be all this as it may, I do not mean to add another word on 
 the subject. I am very certain that it is not possible for me to 
 be in better hands ; and my chief wish is that my poor friend of 
 Clogher may live to see the beginning of another administration 
 here, tho' as soon as the autumn is fairly set in I shall justly 
 tremble for him." 
 
 The Archbishop of Dublin to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1780, Aug. 30. Tallaght. — Has written as pressing a letter to 
 Mr. Dealtry for his votes in favour of Mr. Mansfield and Lord 
 Hyde as he could possibly pen. 
 
 General Cuninghame to the Same. 
 
 1780, Aug. 31. Dublin. — I am just returned from seeing Lord 
 and Lady Clermont set out for England. He has been very 
 active and of singular use to the government since he came here. 
 He wishes much to see you and will be able to tell you more than 
 any other person that can come from this country. 
 
 " The Lord Lieutenant will make his speech on Saturday, and 
 then I sincerely hope this country will go to rest for twelve 
 months. It will not now break out into outrages of any kind, 
 yet still it will grumble while the American War lasts. 
 
 " Since I wrote the above we have been at the Castle with the 
 most nattering addresses any Lord Lieutenant ever received, and 
 I may say the House of Commons is now shut, thank God, for 
 twelve months." 
 
 21250 
 
274 
 
 Lord Buckinghamshire to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1780, Aug. 31. Private.—" ... The Duke of Leinster, 
 notwithstanding his late frank and cordial support of Govern- 
 ment, has baffled some weak attempts to remove him from 
 his command in the Dublin Volunteers, and Mr. Conolly informs 
 me that his letters from the north give him some reason to expect 
 that two considerable corps mean to publish resolutions dis- 
 approving of the late infamous publications in the newspapers of 
 this city. Mr. Conolly has been hung up in effigy at Belfast, but 
 their resentment, it is said, was satisfyd with his martyrdom. 
 They declar'd, however, that they would subscribe for the assist- 
 ance of any printers or publishers who were prosecuted. Since 
 this was begun I have received most nattering addresses from 
 both Houses of Parliament, which were voted nem. con. 
 
 "As it had been rumour'd that magazines of warlike stores 
 had been form'd in the north of Ireland, I employ'd an intelli- 
 gent friend to investigate that fact, and he reports that the whole 
 quantity purchas'din this year is only 161 barrels, most of which 
 must already have been consum'd in Reviews and Field Days." 
 
 Col. William Tonson to the Same. 
 
 1780, Sept. 8 and 9. Rathcormuck. — Respecting the writer's 
 claim to a peerage. Two years ago, the Lord Lieutenant wrote 
 to him as follows : — £ ' Permit me to advise you to wait with 
 "patience till the time of promotion shall come, for it can be 
 " no disgrace to you to remain a commoner of great weight and 
 "property till his Majesty thinks it fitting to augment the 
 " peerage. If any others were made and you omitted, I should 
 " joyn with you in thinking that your merit and services were 
 "not properly rewarded." Is therefore "sanctified by such 
 " great authority " in thinking himself ill-used. 
 
 Lord Buckinghamshire to the Same. 
 
 1780, Sept. 13. Secret. — " Since his not being upon the 
 list of those recommended to be Peers has been hinted to Col. 
 Tonson, he has produc'd letters from your Lordship tending to 
 shew that you were particularly sollicitous for his receiving that 
 mark of his Majesty's favor. Tho' the interference of no person 
 whatsoever ever shall or ought to be more attended to by me than 
 your Lordship's, yet in the multiplicity of business, what you had 
 said to me upon this subject had escaped my recollection, except 
 your having once slightly hinted that you wish'd this promotion for 
 him. But without unnecessarily dwelling longer upon the 
 subject, if you signify to me a desire that Col. Tonson may be 
 created a Peer, his recommendation shall immediately follow 
 those already sent. 
 
 "Upon reconsidering the transactions of the late sessions, the 
 surmounting the difficultys with which this Government was 
 attended appears to me miraculous. 
 
275 
 
 " Your Lordship well knows the wild ideas which had been 
 conceived in this kingdom and the little awe in which Ireland 
 stood of the Mother Country, from those embarassments which, 
 almost in every part of her extensive dominions, distress'd her, 
 from America, from France, from Spain, from the equivocal 
 proceedings of the Dutch and some of the Northern Powers, 
 but more particularly from the desperate conduct of domestick 
 faction, which operated not only upon Parliamentary business, 
 but even in some instances upon points immediately connected 
 with the operations of the war. To the inconvenience of which 
 these circumstances were productive must be added the open 
 opposition and secret machinations of persons principaly distin- 
 guished by the favor of my predecessors ; the Provost, Mr. 
 Flood, and surely the exertions which were necessary to the 
 placing Mr. Pery in the chair may add that gentleman to the 
 number. 
 
 " I should also mention the lukewarmness of others and the 
 total want of cordiality and concert between those who took the 
 lead in publick business, which necessitated me to treat of every 
 point with each individualy, and to court, sooth, and conciliate at 
 moments when I was dissatisfyd with all. These together with 
 a series of lesser evils, and an idea very generaly, tho' perhaps 
 erroneously, conceiv'd that the Lord Lieutenant was not a 
 favorite in the Cabinet, form such a total, that as he can now 
 risque the assertion of not having fail'd in any material point of 
 business, he will not be accus'd of supineness, of ignorance, or of 
 notorious want of ability. 
 
 " I am now waiting with a degree of sollicitude for Lord 
 North's answers to my last letters, and cannot, from knowing how 
 many underplots are carryd on by gentlemen here with some on 
 your side of the water, but doubt a little with respect to his 
 decision upon the situations of the Provost and Mr. Flood. One 
 circumstance cannot escape his penetration, that should those 
 gentlemen remain undisturb'd in their present employments, it 
 would obviously be infer'd that the opposing Lord Buckingham's 
 administration was but a venial trespass." 
 
 Lord Buckinghamshire to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1780, Sept. 21. Dublin Castle. Private.— By this post, Col. 
 Tonson's name will be added to those recommended for a 
 peerage. He has written a letter to Sir Richard Heron "which 
 do's him great honor, and now fully justifys that step." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1780, Sept. 30. Private. — Sir R. Heron's illness and total 
 inability to attend to business, as well as my not yet having heard 
 from Lord North, will probably prevent my projected expedition 
 to Cork. " I wrote a line yesterday to his Lordship, pressing to 
 be favor' d with his sentiments upon the ideas which have been 
 
276 
 
 submitted with relation to Mr. Flood and the Provost. Till those 
 measures are determined it is not possible for me to digest a plan 
 to satisfy the well grounded claims of many expectants. 
 
 " We wait with trembling impatience for accounts from Rodney 
 and Sir H. Clinton. You will by this time have seen the very 
 circumstantial details which have been publish'd at Glascow of 
 insurrections in several parts of South America. Should the 
 whole prove a lye it is exceedingly elaborate and not uningenious. 
 
 "It is most kind in you so repeatedly to notice me. No other 
 person whatsoever writes to me from London. Lord Barrington 
 and Sir Charles Thompson are in the country, and Lord Hills- 
 borough, since his late calamity, sends none but mere official 
 letters. 
 
 " Upon a very urgent solicitation from the Duke of Leinster I 
 wrote last night to Lord Sandwich expressing his wish that his 
 brother should be appointed Captain of the Belle Powle* frigate. 
 It was my duty to recommend the measure earnestly. The name 
 of Fitzgerald, ever of consequence in Ireland, is at this juncture a 
 material object." 
 
 Lord Buckinghamshire to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1780, Oct. 5. Private. — " I this morning received a letter 
 from Lord Hillsborough informing me that his Majesty had 
 signify'd an intention of speedily appointing Lord Carlisle to this 
 Government. Lord North has not as yet favor'd me with a line 
 in answer to my several letters of the beginning of the last month, 
 which leaves me under the greatest perplexity with respect to the 
 fulfilling my engagements and maintaining the credit of his 
 Majesty's Government. You will oblige me very much in writing 
 to me as early as you can the precise time when my successor 
 may be expected in Dublin. Sir Kichard Heron's illness 
 continues, which will keep me in the vicinity of Dublin." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1780, Oct. 20. Altidore.— " The intelligence of Lord Carlisle's 
 actual appointment was rather unexpected, as Lord Hillsborough 
 had mentioned an intention of previously informing me when the 
 day was fix'd. Very probably he himself had no notice of it. 
 My situation till Lord North favors me with a letter is most 
 whimsicaly awkward, and my mind, naturaly anxious and 
 impatient, is distress'd in a degree that is almost insupportable. 
 Your Lordship obligingly insinuates your opinion that in quitting 
 this kingdom I shall have reason to be satisfyd with English 
 administration. I will try to encourage that idea, yet you will 
 confess that the First Minister's leaving my letter respecting my 
 recall unnotic'd for six weeks, nay even after my successor was 
 appointed, is a most melancholy prognostick. 
 
 " Your Lordship cannot be more firmly persuaded than myself 
 that Ireland is call'd upon by honor and interest efficiently to 
 assist Great Britain ; but how seldom is the political conduct of 
 
277 
 
 nations dictated by honor or essential interests ? My only idea 
 in recommending the raising new corps here for foreign service 
 arose from the difficulty of recruiting in the ordinary mode. The 
 following state [ment] will shew you, in a degree, the grounds for 
 that opinion. 
 
 " Upon the 30th of January, 1779, this establishment wanted 
 1,967 men; at the end of. August 1780 (nineteen months after- 
 wards), the deficiency was 1,274. Permit me also to observe that a 
 considerable proportion of the recruits has been rais'd in 
 Scotland for the Highland Eegiments. In the last two months 
 the desertion, &c, has exceeded the recruits by 27. It is 
 suppos'd that the Eegiments destin'd for foreign service will lose 
 some, and must discharge many before they embark, and that 
 they will want drafts to compleat them, even to the English 
 establishment. But I am assur'd that in general both the officers 
 and men are happy at the prospect of having an opportunity of 
 distinguishing themselves. 
 
 "Lord Hillsborough, in a letter receiv'd with your Lordship's 
 of the 13th, yesterday, suggests, but merely as his private senti- 
 ments, that Lord Carlisle is to set out on the 23rd or 24th of 
 November. This hint must necessarily hurry all my arrangements, 
 and if I do not hear in two or three clays from Lord North, I shall 
 forward a list of some promotions in the peerage, and the names 
 of two or three gentlemen who have applyd for seats at the Privy 
 Council, to Lord Hillsborough, who probably may favor me with 
 an answer. . . . This is wrote from a most pleasing spot in 
 the county of Wicklow belonging to General Pomeroy and 
 adjoining to your friend Cuninghame's. I came here on 
 Wednesday, and had flatter' d myself to have passed a few days 
 in the relaxation of cheerful tranquillity with those gentlemen." 
 
 Lord Buckinghamshire to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1780, Oct. 26. Secret.— "In a letter from Lord Hillsborough 
 this morning receiv'd, he mentions that Lord Carlisle's departure 
 is fix'd so early as the 5th of December. Lord North's obdurate 
 silence continu's, and the whole proceeding can only be construed 
 into either contempt or disapprobation. 
 
 "As it is my wish to be in a degree prepar'd for the reception 
 which is to meet me upon my return, I must earnestly intreat 
 your Lordship, as probably the last act of your friendship in my 
 political situation, to give me a hint of the ground on which I 
 stand with his Majesty and the Cabinet. You may depend upon 
 it that if you wish your communication should be a secret, your 
 letter shall be burn'd as soon as read." 
 
 The Bishop of Ossory to the Same. 
 
 1780, Nov. 3. Dublin. — For the most part complimentary. 
 The writer has been unable to leave Dublin for his Palace of 
 Kilkenny. " I think it next to certain that I shall remain here, 
 to attend my old master, Lord Buckingham, to the water side on 
 
278 
 
 his departure, and to prostrate myself at the feet of my new one, 
 Lord Carlisle, on his arrival. We understand here that he is to 
 leave London on the 5th of next month. May his journey and 
 voyage be favorable, and his administration honorable to himself 
 by being^ serviceable to his country! I can assure his Lordship, 
 though it is to be hoped he will gain that knowledge from 
 far abler mouths than mine, or scanty will be his information, 
 that if influence over Ireland is at this juncture to be attempted 
 to be recovered by England, the labour he has undertaken is 
 Herculean indeed ! . . ." 
 
 The Bishop of Ossory to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1780, Dec. 14. Dublin. — I am impatient to express my 
 heartfelt gratitude for your Lordship's friendship, which " has 
 set me on a footing so superior to that of any bishop of my 
 time, or perhaps of any other, with regard to a new Viceroy, 
 that when I am introduced to him, instead of suing for protection, 
 I shall be able to hold my head up in a decent proper manner, 
 conscious of the good wishes and aware of the recommendation 
 of my sovereign, as well as firmly supported by the ablest and 
 firmest of his servants." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1781, Jan. 26. Dublin.— Thanking his Lordship for his 
 friendly offices with the King, in consequence of which his 
 Majesty had personally recommended him to the notice of the 
 Lord Lieutenant. 
 
 W M Eden to the Same. 
 
 1781, March 10. Phoenix Park.—" ... I will not trouble 
 your Lordship with our still-water system of politics ; we are all 
 quiet in this kingdom, and apparently well disposed to continue so. 
 Your late manly conduct respecting the Mutiny Bill make (sic) 
 an excellent impression here. I sincerely hope that we may 
 have the merit of continuing very dull and uninteresting in the 
 eyes of the great world. My situation is hitherto as comfortable 
 as a state of honourable exile can be ; but it is confoundedly 
 expensive. I am obliged to live as English ministers ought to 
 live, and am much less able to support it. . . . My hopes of 
 recovering America have never quitted me. I had the honour of 
 being, at some periods of our military mischances and miscon- 
 ducts, the only individual who was sanguine enough not to think 
 the matter desperate. At present every man is full of hopes, 
 and I begin to be full of fears. If you relax one moment in 
 consequence of the cajoling appearances on the continent of 
 Europe, the bad consequences may be irrecoverable. Then my 
 
 * Chief Secretary to Lord Carlisle. Kaised to the peerage of Ireland, in 1789, as 
 Lord Auckland. 
 
279 
 
 heart akes too about the Gibraltar business. We should however 
 do well there if our fleet were now fairly at sea. We live 
 pleasantly here, but I cannot find any man who likes much to 
 talk politics. Mr. Green, your Lordship's deputy, continues 
 extremely ill. ... His nephew, Mr. Patrickson, the third 
 deputy, is a young man of much merit. Perhaps it would be 
 reasonable to give Green a pension after his forty-eight years 
 service; Patrickson gives up all his time to the office and 
 receives at present only 50/. a year." 
 
 The Bishop of Ossory to Viscount Sackville.* 
 
 1782, March 27. Dublin. — Expressive of gratitude to his 
 Lordship for being the means of his gaining the great object of 
 his desires [i.e. the see of Clogher] . 
 
 William Eden to the Same. 
 
 [1782 ?], April 21. Phoenix Park. — Regrets the lost occasion 
 of raising some regiments in Ireland for active service. Nothing- 
 was wanting save confidence in the Irish people, but the conduct 
 pursued by the English War Office has been full of inconsistencies, 
 distrusts and embarrassments. 
 
 The Bishop of Clogher to the Same. 
 
 1782, July 9. Dublin. — Having lately returned from an 
 expedition of no small consequence to me, I have two of your 
 Lordship's letters to answer. It is with the utmost satisfaction 
 that I find our sentiments co-inciding with respect to Tuam. 
 When Mr. Eden suggested it to me last spring, I told him I 
 would thank him heartily for Clogher, but not at all for Tuam, 
 and when the Duke of Portland, three days ago, began to 
 apologise for not giving me the Archbishopric, I assured him 
 that I was perfectly contented, and wished by all means that 
 it might be given to a gentleman of this country. According 
 to common report, the Bishop of Ferns is to go to Tuam, 
 and Clonfert to Ferns. "In the beginning of this letter I 
 mentioned my having been lately on an expedition. It was 
 to Clogher. I took advantage of our present parliamentary 
 recess to run down and see what sort of a thing I had gotten. 
 Since your Lordship was at Clogher things are greatly changed. 
 My cathedral is now no longer a miserable but very neat and 
 respectable parish church. It was rebuilt by Bishop Sterne and 
 substantially repaired and beautified by the late bishop. Bishop 
 Sterne also built the present palace, which though not so well 
 contrived as it might have been, is far from a despicable place of 
 residence, especially as my predecessor added two wings, the one 
 an eating room of thirty feet by twenty, the' other a library of 
 thirty-two feet by twenty-two, exclusive of the bow window in 
 
 * See note on p. 77 above. 
 
280 
 
 each. The demesne is sufficiently planted, and from that circum- 
 stance, and the uncommon irregularity of the ground, in my 
 opinion extremely beautiful. It measures 560 English acres, and 
 the whole is surrounded by a stone wall, without a road or even 
 a pathway through any part of the ground except for my own 
 servants, such as parkkeeper, shepherd, &c. My beef, mutton, 
 veal, and lamb are all as good in their kinds as can be, the farm 
 is to produce pigs, poultry, cream and butter, hay, oats, and straw. 
 The decoy gives me teal and wild ducks. The warren supplies me 
 with as excellent rabbits as I ever tasted ; the pidgeon house with 
 pidgeons ; the water furnishes carp, tench, trout, eels, perch and 
 pike, the venison in the park is remarkably good, and a most 
 extensive range of mountain, of which T have absolute dominion, 
 yields in the proper seasons an astonishing profusion of partridge, 
 hares, and grouse. The city of Clogher stands on my ground, 
 and the citizens are all of course my tenants. The borough is at 
 present secure and likely to continue so till the present or some 
 future furiously patriotic and vehemently virtuous House of 
 Commons do me the honour to inform me (as I expect will be the 
 case next session if not sooner) that it will be better in the hands 
 of the volunteers than in mine. The country is healthy and fine 
 and the roads about me very good. The diocese is in the highest 
 order of any in Ireland, the clergy are a most respectable body of 
 men, many of them very learned, all of them conscientious and 
 exemplary, and except two or three for whom I must get houses 
 to be built, strictly resident on their respective benefices. Finally, 
 the income of the see is not less, as I am informed, than 4,000/. 
 per annum, which in my judgement is no trifling emolument. 
 
 "Such, my Lord, is now my situation, and with unfeigned 
 gratitude to the Supreme Disposer of all events, and those steady 
 and active friends with whose assistance He has blessed me in 
 my pursuits, I may now I think sit quietly down in my retreat 
 and enjoy in my own way for the rest of my life the very great 
 prize I have had the good fortune to draw in the lottery of the 
 world. These are not times in which a person of my disposition 
 can delight. So long as reason is attended to, a man in my line 
 of life may hope to be of some little publick use by the exertion 
 of that degree of common sense which God has given him. But 
 when infatuation shall evidently appear to prevail, when solid 
 argument and sound doctrine shall be drowned in clamor and 
 confusion, and everything tend fast to anarchy and oppression, 
 what is left for the man of moderation but to withdraw in time, 
 and in silence lament the evils which all his endeavors could 
 not prevent ? 
 
 " These reflections will perhaps serve to show your Lordship 
 my opinion of the wise step you took in retiring from the hurry 
 and weight of public business, and that I do not hesitate in 
 determining whether 1 the state of care and responsibility or of 
 ease and quiet be the most preferable state.' I may perhaps 
 have expressed myself rather strongly, I may have drawn some- 
 what too gloomy a picture, and I may be altogether out in my 
 politics ; perhaps I may be apprehensive without a cause. I 
 
281 
 
 shall rejoice in finding all this the case : but if I be not 
 more mistaken than 1 ever was in all my life, we have as 
 yet spoken the prologue only ; the play is still to come. I 
 hope it will not prove a tragedy ; a comedy I am very sure it 
 cannot. 
 
 "But enough of topics that are endless in point of speculation. 
 Time, and probably a short time, will serve to shew how far 
 Ireland is a contented country or cordially wishes the return of 
 the former lustre or prosperity of Britain. In the meanwhile, 
 my Lord, let us hope the best, and lay aside political subjects for 
 the present. As to matters of a less publick nature, I will only 
 add that in my own profession I am content and happy, and 
 whilst I retain my senses never shall forget to whom I am 
 indebted for such comforts. Methinks I hear you say ' Content 
 and happy ? How strange a language in a man, especially a 
 clergyman at the age of forty-seven ! ' The case, my Lord, I 
 will allow to be a rare one, but by the goodness of my sovereign 
 in attending to the sollicitations of the warmest and steadiest 
 friend I ever had or can have, such is the case at this moment 
 with your Lordship's most obliged," &c. 
 
 N.D. (after 1759).— Fragment of a letter from Lord G. 
 Sackville, explaining how the House of Commons have usually 
 proceeded upon supplies being demanded. 
 
 N.D. — The Lord Lieutenant's speech to the Parliament of 
 Ireland : 
 
 My Lords and Gentlemen, 
 
 The attention you have shewn to the great objects which have 
 been particularly recommeuded by me to your consideration and 
 the provisions which have been made for the safety and security 
 of this kingdom, call upon me not only to express my approbation 
 of, but to thank you, as I now do, for your conduct in these 
 particulars. 
 
 Gentlemen of the House of Commons, 
 
 It is with great pleasure that I thank you, in his Majesty's 
 name, for the supplies which you have granted, and the provision 
 which you have made, for the present establishment of the public 
 credit and the safety of this kingdom. 
 
 N.D. — Paper endorsed " On the Gavelkind law of Ireland, by 
 Sir Patrick Bullen, from Sir John Dairy mple," submitted to the 
 consideration of Government. 
 
 N.D. — Paper entitled "On the Plan of importing Sugars 
 directly into Ireland." Shewing its advantages to Ireland and 
 to the British West Indian Islands, and also its disadvantages. 
 
 N.D. — Paper unsigned and undated, probably from Sir John 
 Irwin, headed " Some difference in opinion having arisen, relative 
 to the mode of conducting the military department of this king- 
 dom, the following hints are submitted." 
 
282 
 
 IX.— PAPERS RELATING TO THE WAR OF THE 
 AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION* 
 
 Lord George Sackville to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1743, Aug. [6-] 17 n.s. — Biebrich. — "We have been here' 
 since last Tuesday ; the King's quarters are at a house of Prince 
 Nassau of Ensinghen. It stands close upon the Rhine in a very 
 pleasant country, and is altogether as fine a situation as you can 
 imagine. Mayence is but a league from us, and the bridge of 
 boats over which the Austrians are pass'd only a mile. I should 
 have said the three bridges, for there are two islands in the river 
 which they have taken the advantage of, so that by going through 
 them they have three small rivers to pass instead of one large 
 one, which happen'd very luckily, for it would have been 
 extremely difficult to have made one bridge of so great an extent. 
 
 " The Hanoverians march over on Tuesday, and the English 
 and Hessians follow on Wednesday. The King will be quarter'd 
 in a convent, a little on the other side of Mayence, (that is) higher 
 up the Rhine. How long we shall stay there nobody pretends to 
 say, for I suppose by our stopping so long here it is not yet 
 determin'd what is to be done next. It is reported that Prince 
 Charles has contrived to cross the river, but I am afraid it is not 
 true, for the Duke of Richmond had letters from his army dated 
 the 13th, and they were then making no disposition for it. The 
 French have left their camp near Spire, so that if our army is to 
 march that way we shall be some time before we are able to find 
 an enemy. Lord Carteret! lives at Mayence, and seems to be 
 hard at work. The Elector was yesterday at the King's quarters 
 and was very graciously receiv'd. As he came in his Majesty 
 moved towards the door to meet him, and when he came close to 
 him it was something between a bow and an embrace. The visit 
 lasted about half-an-hour and then away he went, the King 
 following him almost to the door. The compliment was to have 
 been returned to-day, but the bad weather put it off. The 
 Elector is a very good looking man, not unlike my Lord Orford. 
 
 " Sir Thomas Wynne keeps a magnificent table ; he complains 
 often of the expence, indeed it must be prodigious. He would 
 gladly make it less, but does not know how to contrive it. He 
 thought the number of dishes at the Green Cloth so great that if 
 the King knew it he would order it to be lessen'd, so Sir Thomas 
 very cunningly gave him the bill of the Green Cloth dinner instead 
 of his own, but the plot did not take, and Lord Dalawar told Sir 
 Thomas that the King thought it was a shame there should be so 
 little. In short it is a joke with the Duke of Richmond, etc., to 
 make everybody drink as much wine as they can on purpose to 
 work Sir Thomas Wynne, and he is fool enough to show that it 
 hurts him. A ribbon was never better bestow'd than upon 
 
 * These letters should be compared with those from Col. Russell in the Report of 
 the Hist. MSS. Commissioners on Mrs. Frankland-Russell-Astley's MSS. 
 f Lord Carteret was in attendance on the King as Secretary of State. 
 
283 
 
 General Honeywood. It is impossible to conceive how 
 ridiculously fond he is of his new honour. Lord Kothes is very 
 ill of the bloody flux. It is what vast numbers of people have 
 had, and the camp in general is more sickly at present than it 
 has been yet, and chiefly of that disorder. It got first among 
 them by their being obliged to lye out in the rain after the battle 
 of Dettingen, and they have never been able to get rid of it since. 
 And what is more extraordinary, it is catching, so that in one 
 hospital no less than thirty- seven nurses have died of it. We 
 have at this time upwards 2,200 English sick, and as many 
 Hanoverians. How the Hessians escape I have not heard. The 
 Duke [of Cumberland] is still lame; he says he shall soon be 
 well, but I do not believe it, for the leg that was wounded is 
 considerably shrunk up, but as it is the fashion to say that he 
 is almost well I ought not to say otherwise. I have had no letter 
 from your Grace since I left Spa. If you have wrote to me it 
 never arriv'd." 
 
 Postscript. — " I thought to have sent this letter away yester- 
 day, but it was too late for the post. Our passing the Rhine is 
 put off till Thursday, for some of the Austrian cannon are in our 
 way, for the roads were made so bad with one night's rain that the 
 cannon stuck fast in crossing one of the islands in the Rhine, so 
 that they have been obliged to dig them out and to mend the 
 roads for us. No news yet of Prince Charles." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1743, [Aug. 22-] Sept. 2, n.s. Worms. — "I yesterday receiv'd 
 your Grace's letter" of the 12th (o.s.), and am very sorry to 
 hear of the manner in which Lord Wilmington has left his 
 affairs. Lord Northampton will certainly be glad of getting so 
 good an estate, but little obliged to the person it comes from. I 
 thought I had told Bale when I went away how he was to dispose 
 of any money he should receive for me from Ireland. When I 
 left England I ow'd Lord John fifty pounds for the quarter due 
 at Lady Day, which Gub was to pay him, and I suppose did as 
 soon as he return'd from Newmarket. There were fifty pounds 
 more due to him the 24th of June, which I desire may be paid out 
 of the money Gub has receiv'd for me, and that he will leave the 
 remainder in Captain Wilson's hands, for he gave me credit when 
 I went abroad, and I draw upon him as often as I have occasiou 
 for money. The stay that we are to make here is very uncertain, 
 but I dare say we shall not stir till the Dutch troops join us. 
 They say they will be with us the latter end of this week, but I 
 suppose something or other will happen to retard their march. 
 All the news we have of the French is that they are in the lines 
 of Lauterburgh, a very strong post, but then they are of so great 
 an extent that I should imagine, notwithstanding the advantage 
 of the situation, that they might be forced. That place is about 
 
 * Cf. p. 37, above. 
 
284 
 
 three marches from Spire ; if we should attempt attacking them 
 and not be able to carry our point we shall be in a very dis- 
 agreeable way, for Landau will be behind us. We are in great 
 expectation of news from Prince Charles. The letters that come 
 from his army shew that they are still confident of being able to 
 pass the Rhine. His bridges are now ready, that is, the pontoons, 
 &c, that they are to be made of, so that I hope we shall very soon 
 hear of his being in Alsace. The Hussars took the other day 
 about eighty French dragoons prisoners a little distance from the 
 camp. The Lieutenant-Colonel that commanded them and several 
 of his party were kill'd, and four officers made prisoners. The 
 King does not know how to dispose of them, for there is no town 
 within many miles that belongs to the Queen of Hungary. 
 Brigadier Campbell has been so ill that he was obliged to stay 
 behind at Mayence. He is now almost recovered, and I hear will 
 soon be here." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1743, Sept. [5-] 16 n.s. Worms. — "I take the opportunity 
 of writing to your Grace by the messenger that sets out to-morrow 
 for England. I was in hopes before this time that the motions 
 we are next to make would have been publickly known, but we 
 still remain in the same quiet situation without any day being- 
 fixed for our marching, or without anybody pretending to guess 
 at the place we are to march to. The Dutch troops are all 
 arrived except one battallion and three squadrons, which serve as 
 an escort to their artillery, and they are expected to join the army 
 to-morrow, I mean the Dutch army, for the Rhine still seperates 
 us, and there remains as yet some difficulty about the rank they 
 are to have in the line. The Queen of Hungary in compliment 
 to his Majesty has given the precedence to the British troops, 
 in which are included the Hessians and Hanoverians as being in 
 our pay. So far the Dutch can have no just cause to complain, 
 but they do not see the reason why they should not have the rank 
 of that part of the Hanoverian troops which the King furnishes 
 as Elector of Hanover. As that distinction has not hitherto been 
 made, his Majesty is unwilling to seperate his troops, and this I 
 hear is the occasion of their not having yet joined us. Prince 
 Charles is still in possession of the island, and has thrown up 
 works that secure his bridge and his men against the French 
 batteries which play continually upon them. I still hope he 
 will be able to pass the Rhine, tho' probably not at that place. 
 The French army that is of this side of the country continue 
 encreasing their entrenchments near Landau, and by the last 
 accounts from their deserters have begun the building of a wall 
 for their greater security, besides having made batteries that 
 command every defile through which we must pass to get to them. 
 The Austrian Generals, we are told, wish to attack them. The 
 English to a man are against it. For supposing the best, that we 
 should force their lines with little loss on our side, the only 
 advantage arising from it besides the honour of beating them 
 
285 
 
 would be that we should be masters of five or six miles more of a 
 country which is so destroyed that it would not produce subsis- 
 tence for a hundred men, and the French would retire into some 
 other strong camp where you would have the same difficulty to 
 get at them. The hopes of our people are that the army will be 
 soon ordered back into Flanders, that they may be secure of 
 good winter quarters, for considering they have forty days march 
 to get thither, there is not much time to be 'loss'd.' 
 
 "My Lord Stair will possibly be in England as soon as this 
 letter. The army in general certainly lov'd and esteem'd him. 
 Think only of General Honey wood's commanding them, and then 
 think how sensible they must be of the change. A day or two 
 before my Lord Stair left us, everybody went to take their leave 
 of him. He call'd me to him from the crowd and enquired after 
 your Grace. He told me you were an old friend and acquaintance 
 of his, and desired when I wrote to you that I would make 
 his compliments to you, and to assure you that he still continued 
 in the same way of thinking that he was in when he was first 
 acquainted with you. I suppose the King will leave the army as 
 soon as they begin their march for winter quarters. As every- 
 thing is concluded for Princess Louisa's being marryed at 
 Hanover, I suppose his stay with us will not be long." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1743, [Sept. 20-] Oct. 1 n.s. Spire.— " I forget whether 1 
 wrote to you the day before we left Worms or not. The order for 
 marching came so quick upon us that it put everything in great 
 confusion, the Green Cloth not excepted. In three days we 
 reach'd this place, and the French have abandon 'd all the posts 
 between this and Lauterburgh, and the garrison of Landau keeps 
 very close within their walls. The lines the French had between 
 Germesheim and Landau were so extremely strong that the 
 Generals who have been to reconnoitre them think it would have 
 been almost impossible to have forc'd them, and yet they say 
 those they have retir'd to are still stronger. The deserters give 
 accounts that the Duke of Noailles is no longer at Lauterburgh, 
 but that he has left ten thousand foot for the defence of the lines, 
 and that he with the whole horse of his army is advanced farther 
 up the river. We hear nothing yet of what steps our army is to 
 take, but I am afraid it grows too late in the year to think of 
 returning to Flanders for winter quarters, though by the weather 
 we have one should never suspect winter to be coming on. 
 Since we have been in the Palatinate the soldiers will not be per- 
 suaded but that they are in an enemy's country, and they have 
 plunder'd and committed all sorts of disorders. The King, has, 
 at last, been obliged to give out an order that whoever is taken 
 half a league from camp shall be immediately hang'd up without 
 any trial, and the Provost goes his rounds with a strong guard 
 and an officer of each nation to put this order in execution. It 
 has had a very good effect, for tho' the Provost was out all day 
 yesterday I do not hear that anybody has suffer 'd. It not 
 
286 
 
 only extends to soldiers but to officers' servants and to the women 
 that follow the camp. Marshal Neiperg* seldom appears at Court. 
 I suppose the last time he was there he was surfeited with rump 
 stakes, for indeed he had them in the highest perfection. This 
 town is really a melancholy sight, for tho' there are several good 
 houses in it yet the ruins are still very great. I wonder so much 
 of it is rebuilt, for in the year the French burnt it they hardly 
 left a house or a church standing. The Dutch troops are encamp'd 
 within half a league of us. There is no reason for their not 
 joining us, as they say, but that there is not room for them in the 
 ground we are now upon, tho' I have not heard how the affair 
 about their rank has been settled. I suppose you know that my 
 Lord Holdernesse only waits for the end of the campaign to be 
 marry'd. I do not know the lady's name, but she is niece to Mr. 
 Fagel at the Hague. You cannot imagine how well everybody 
 speaks of Jeff. Amherst. He is of great use to General Ligonier, 
 and the General is very sensible of it. He cannot be long before 
 he is promoted in his turn, for he is now eldest lieutenant in the 
 regiment, and there can be no danger of any body's being put over 
 his head. There is no talk of the King's leaving the army, tho' 
 it is taken for granted that he is to go to Hanover to the marriage 
 of Princess Louisa before he returns to England. Felton Hervey 
 thinks it full time for him to set out, for you cannot conceive how 
 sick he is of waiting upon a Lieutenant-General." 
 
 Postscript.— I have to send word to General Colyear of all we 
 are doing, and he insists on my writing it in French. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1744, May 19 o.s. Ostend. — " We landed here yesterday 
 about noon, so that our passage was much shorter and better 
 than could be expected. The latter part of it was disagreeable, 
 for we were obliged to wait eight or nine hours in Ostend road 
 before there was water to carry us into the harbour, and it blew 
 hard all that time, so that some of us were sick, tho' I escaped 
 very well. I was in hopes of getting on to Bruges to-night, but 
 we have been in such confusion all this morning that I believe 
 we must stay here till to-morrow. The horses as yet are not 
 above half disembark'd, and the Irish draughts and those of 
 Gardiner's regiment that were to have gone off early this morning 
 mutiny' d and refused to march, because they had not received their 
 sea pay. The General thought proper to order that they should 
 not be pay'd that money till they got to camp, but the officers 
 of Montagu's and Wade's horse paid them upon landing, which 
 made the others immediately demand it; so that part of 
 Ponsonby's regiment was order'd under arms and the General 
 himself seiz'd two of the most mutinous and sent them away 
 prisoners, and then told the rest that they were under Colonel 
 Honeywood's directions, and whoever refus'd to obey should be 
 shot upon the spot. So they went quietly to the ferry in their 
 
 * Austrian General. 
 
287 
 
 way to Bruges, but I hear that they have begun again and a 
 detachment of foot is sent to them. General Sinclair has ordered 
 the two officers of Wade's and Montagu's to be put in arrest, for 
 they certainly have occasion' d all this disturbance. If they had 
 all been paid their sea pay, they would have been so drunk that it 
 would have been impossible to have kept them in any order, and 
 so to avoid one inconvenience they have fallen into another, and 
 I am afraid it will not end without making an example of some of 
 them. The French are still about Menin, but they have not yet 
 fired a shot, but the batteries and everything are ready, so that 
 the report here is that they wait for an answer from Holland 
 before they begin to act. 
 
 " The Comte de Saxe is at Courtray with 12,000 men and our 
 army lies between Brussells and Alost, but a strong detachment 
 under Sir J. Campbell is at Ghent, and they expect soon to move 
 towards Oudenarde. This is the news of the place, but whether 
 it be true or no I cannot say. French parties have been as far 
 as Bruges, and it is not reckon'd safe to go without an escort. I 
 will write again as soon as I get to the army." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1744, May 22 o.s. Bruges. — "I was in hopes before this 
 time to have been able to have given you an account of our safe 
 arrival at Ghent, but to our great disappointment we were yester- 
 day obliged to return to this place after we had march'd about 
 twelve miles in our way to Ghent, and by very good luck we 
 retreated without any loss. Had we reached the half-way house 
 where we intended to have halted, (and we were within a quarter 
 of a mile of it), I think we must have been all cut to pieces or 
 taken prisoners. The first division under Captain Madan march'd 
 the day before us without any hindrance ; the second division 
 under General Wentworth followed yesterday, and with horse, 
 dragoons, and foot recruits it amounted to about 500 men. We 
 left this town about 6 o'clock in the morning and heard nothing 
 of any enemy till we had march'd above eleven miles. We then 
 were alarm'cl with the appearance of some hussars, upon which 
 we immediately halted, and the horse were order'dto put on their 
 skull-caps and the recruits of the foot look'd at their arms, and 
 seem'd very desirous of having one shot at them. You [may] 
 imagine we were in a little hurry, and everybody was proposing 
 what they thought proper to be done, and as I thought I must say 
 something upon the occasion, I told the General that I was afraid 
 the hussars would be too hard for the horse and dragoon draughts 
 who were not used to their manner of attacking, and that I 
 wish'd he would dismount one of the rear squadrons of dragoons 
 and make them advance in the front. He approved of what I pro- 
 posed and sent me to see it done, but a little after they had got to 
 the front and we had begun to march forward, a small party of 
 the Queen's hussars appear'd on the other side of the canal and 
 made signs with their caps for us to retreat, and at last with 
 some difficulty, by speaking Latin, they made us understand that 
 
288 
 
 there were 180 Hussars besides a large detachment of dragoons 
 just before us in a wood, and that they were inform'd by a 
 deserter that three thousand foot with seven field pieces were 
 posted between us and Ghent, upon which intelligence we were 
 very glad to go to the right about and return to Bruges till we 
 could have some other intelligence. Sir James Campbell had 
 sent on the other side of the canal a party of a hundred foot, an 
 hundred dragoons, and fourteen or fifteen hussars, to meet us, and 
 upon hearing of our retreat they came on to this town, but were 
 obliged to stop by the way for about half-an-hour to engage with 
 the hussars, tho' the canal was betwixt them. None of our men 
 were hurt, but they killed three or four of the hussars, and this 
 morning the party that were sent out from hence have brought in 
 two hussars and a trumpeter prisoners, all which confirms the 
 march of the French infantry from towards Menin in order to 
 intercept our march, but they say they believe they return to-day. 
 
 This affair will possibly grow into a story by the time it reaches 
 England, so that I thought it was right to send you an account 
 of it. Mr. Wentworth will be blamed by some people for not 
 keeping on the side of the canal farthest from the enemy, as the 
 other party had done the day before, but his reasons were that as 
 the baggage was to go by water, that any small party would have 
 been able to have seiz'd that unless we were between the canal 
 and the enemy, and he imagin'd that if any considerable body 
 had march'd from the French army that Mr. Wade or Sir 
 James Campbell would have known it, and sent an account of it. 
 But, however, as our march was interrupted and we might all 
 have been cut off, he will not escape without being censured. 
 General Sinclair came yesterday evening from Ostend with the 
 last of the horse, and we hope to march to-morrow morning on 
 the safe side of the canal to Ghent. The bridges are taken up to 
 prevent the enemy's crossing upon us, and we are supplied with 
 waggons instead of boats to carry our baggage. An express was 
 sent last night to Sir James Campbell to let him know what had 
 happen'd, and we only wait for an answer from him before our 
 march is absolutely fix'd, for we have already orders to load the 
 waggons and be in readiness to march at four o'clock to-morrow 
 morning. We hear our army is moved towards Oudenarde, and 
 that the French are attacking Menin, but that they have hitherto 
 met with more resistance than was expected." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1744, June 2,° n.s., Wednesday. Ghent. — " The post is just 
 going out, and I have only time to tell you that we are all safe 
 arriv'd at Ghent. The garrison here was in great pain for us, and 
 General Campbell march'd out to our relief the day we had liked 
 to have been demolish'd, with six companies of grenadiers and 300 
 dismounted dragoons, but he was not strong enough to venture on 
 
 * Evidently a mistake for June 3 (i.e. May 23, old style) which was Wednesday. 
 June 2 n.s. would be the same date as the last letter. 
 
289 
 
 the same side of the river with the enemy. Our army lies near 
 Oudenarde along the Scheld, but I am afraid it is not strong 
 enough to attempt to raise the siege of Menin. The Austrians 
 have not above three thousand men in the field, and the Dutch 
 about eleven thousand. The Hanoverians are in great favour with 
 us, and the English encamp and do duty with them without the 
 least dispute, so Mr. Wade was in the right to say that the 
 reconciling of the troops was the least difficulty he apprehended 
 when he accepted the command." 
 
 Postscrijjt. — " The French infantry retired yesterday afternoon, 
 and they report so differently about their numbers that it is 
 impossible to be sure of them, for to-day we were told there were 
 fifteen thousand of them." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1744, June [6-] 17 n.s. "From the Camp at Berlinghen 
 [Beirleghem] ." — "We still remain in this camp, and altho' there 
 is another mark'd out nearer to Oudenarde, yet I do not find that 
 we are likely to make any use of it, unless the enemy may give 
 occasion to it by any motions that way. The batteries are all 
 ready and we are told that this day the King is to go to Ipres and 
 that the siege will begin. The Comte de Saxe, with about twelve 
 thousand men, remains near Coutray (sic), and parties from his 
 army are often seen near the bridges we have made over the 
 Scheld, and yesterday we were so alarm'd that the guard there 
 was reinforc'd with three hundred men from the pickett, but I 
 have not heard whether any enemy appear'd. 
 
 " We are in great hopes of soon seeing more troops arrive from 
 England and Holland, that we may have an opportunity of making 
 the French a visit, and not be any longer obliged to a river and 
 an enclosed country for our safety. The Blues have shown 
 their desire of fighting this campaign by picking a quarrel with 
 Ligonier's regiment. It began with boxing but ended in drawing 
 their broadswords, and four or five of the Blues are so hurt that I 
 am afraid they will be able to give no further marks of their 
 courage this year. Unluckily for them the quarrel was national, 
 and they engaged too far before they reflected that their regiment 
 had been lately compleated by draughts from Nevil's, who to a 
 man prefer'd the honour of their native country to that of a 
 regiment they have so newly been incorporated into, that they all 
 turn'd on Ligonier's side, and used the Blues in such a manner as 
 will teach them for the future not to put themselves in competi- 
 tion with their superiors. It is really very lucky it ended in the 
 disabling only of four or five men. The picketts were turn'd out 
 and dispers'd them, and some few were made prisoners, and I 
 hope will be punnished. Both sides say the other was the 
 aggressor. The truth I believe is that the Blues reflected a little 
 too severely on our country, and that Ligoniers had not temper to 
 bear it and so return'd blows instead of words. 
 
 " We go on in the old scheme of dry forrage, so there will be 
 another fine- bill of extraordinarys. I cannot conceive what they 
 
 21250 
 
 T 
 
290 
 
 mean by it, for the country is very well able to supply the army 
 with green forrage, and if we think to make them our well wishers 
 by good usage we shall only when it is too late find that we are 
 mistaken, for they hate and detest us for a parcel of damn'd 
 hereticks, and for their own sakes would be willing to-morrow to 
 put themselves under the protection of the French. I cannot 
 help every day looking with surprise on the good agreement of 
 the English and Hanoverians. They get drunk very comfortably 
 together, and talk and sing a vast deal without understanding one 
 syllable of what they say to one another." 
 
 Instructions from the Duke of Cumberland for Colonel 
 Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1748, [April 21-] May 2 n.s. Head Quarters at Hellinrouck. 
 — " You will proceed with your pass and with a French trumpet 
 and an English drum, and on your arrival at the first French 
 post, you will, in case you should be stop'd, send the trumpet 
 forward with the pass to inform the Marshal of Saxe of your 
 arrival at their posts charged with a letter from me. As soon as 
 you shall arrive at the Marshal of Saxe's quarters, you will 
 deliver him the letter you are charg'd with for him, desiring at 
 the same time that he will consent to your going into Maestrecht, 
 which, if he agrees to, you will immediately do, and deliver the 
 letter you are charg'd with to the Commandant, Monsieur 
 d'Aylva, or to the commanding officer, whom you will desire to 
 open it in case of any accident hapned (sic) to the other. 
 
 " You will represent to him that as the preliminary s for a peace 
 are already sign'd, and that in consequence a cessation of arms 
 has been agreed to, with an exception to the siege of Maestrecht, 
 I am thereby deprived of the means of being able to second the 
 bravery of their defence, and that it is therefore my advice that 
 he accepts an honorable capitulation in order to save the lives 
 of so many brave men, and in case that cannot be obtain'd, I 
 need prescribe no rule of conduct to an officer who has already 
 shewn so much gallantry and conduct. You will have copies of 
 my letters to the Marshal of Saxe and to Monsieur d'Aylva. 
 Signed, William." 
 
 Lord George Sackville to the Duke of Dorset. 
 
 1748, [April 25-] May 6. From the Camp at Hellenrect. — 
 " We thought to have march'd from hence five days agoe, but the 
 accounts from Aix-la-Cliapelle, I suppose, made the Duke alter his 
 resolution. As the preliminarys were sign'd, and a cessation of 
 arms agreed to by the respective ministers at Aix, excepting what 
 related to the siege of Maestritch, his Royal Highness thought 
 proper to honour me with his commands to go to the Comte de 
 Saxe in hopes of settling those affairs, and at the same time to 
 endeavour to obtain an honourable capitulation for the garrison 
 at Maestritch. Upon my arrival there I found Monsieur de Saxe 
 not at all pleased with what Monsieur St. Severin had done, and 
 
291 
 
 said, as he had no orders from his court to agree to a cessation of 
 arms and hostility's, he must wait the return of a courier before 
 he could give a positive answer to what His Royal Highness pro- 
 pos'd, but at the same time he said that if he should have orders 
 to conform himself to what had been settled at Aix, the scheme 
 laid down by the Duke was void of objection and what he would 
 readily agree to. He then deliberated about my being admitted 
 into Maestritch, and the granting an honourable capitulation to 
 the garrison. This took up a good deal of time, and Mr. de 
 Lowendal was sent for and consulted, but I was present. They 
 then call'd in a third person and I retired, and in about half-an- 
 hour he told me he consented to what His Royal Highness 
 desired, and I might go and deliver my dispatches to the 
 Governor. Dinner was then upon the table, and the Marechal 
 before he sate down sent an aide-de-camp to stop all his batteries 
 from firing, as an English officer had business with the Governor. 
 This was communicated to the town, but they had not the same 
 politeness, so that it was near five o'clock before I could contrive 
 to get in without running the risk of being kill'd. At my arrival 
 the batteries from the town were all silenc'd, and the Governor 
 made excuses, and said the thing was misunderstood. I deliver'd 
 my dispatches to him, and I never saw a man more perplex'cl. 
 He saw the preliminarys were sign'd, and that the town must be 
 taken, that honourable terms were offer'd to him, yet as he could 
 still hold it out for six or seven days, and that he had no order 
 from the Prince of Orange to capitulate, he was afraid he could 
 not consent to it consistent with his honour and reputation. The 
 Generals were then assembled and they all seem'd of opinion that 
 they could not capitulate, and wanted eight or ten clays to send to 
 the Hague. I knew that proposal would have been rejected with 
 scorn, from the difficulty the Comte de Saxe had made in giving 
 any terms, as he was sure of having them prisoners of war in six 
 or seven days. I then said that I thought that it could be no 
 reflection upon their reputation if they capitulated to march out 
 with military honours upon the day the cessation of arms and 
 hostilitys was proclaimed at the head of the respective armys. 
 They all joined in with this proposition and desired I would set 
 down and draw up the capitulation, which I did, and they sign'd 
 it, and Major- General Graham was sent with me to the Marechal 
 to see if he would consent to it. But he was far from approving 
 of it, and talk'd of the cessation of arms as if he might not so soon 
 have orders to comply with it. Much conversation follow'd, in 
 which the Duke says by my report to him that I did very right ; 
 and, when I almost despaired of any good arising from it, the 
 Comte de Saxe consented to a cessation of arms for forty- eight 
 hours, and permitted General Graham to go to the Prince of 
 Orange for instructions. I do not doubt but that upon his return 
 the town will surrender, even if hostilities are not to cease, as 
 there are twenty battallions in garrison there, and surely it is 
 more material for us to save twenty battallions than to employ the 
 French five or six days longer, in which time they might probably 
 lose two thousand men. Upon my coming away, the Marechal 
 
292 
 
 told me he would not stand for five or six hours, so that I suppose 
 he will wait the return of Graham from the Prince of Orange, and 
 indeed I had more expectations from the orders that might be 
 sent in that time from Paris than in the probability of Graham's 
 return. 
 
 " You may imagine that I thought myself greatly honour'd in 
 being thus distinguished by the Duke, but I own I was frighten'd 
 when I found so many unexpected difficultys, and that instead of 
 carrying a letter and receiving an answer I was obliged to become 
 a negociator. However, I had the good fortune to do nothing 
 that H.R.H. disapproved of, and indeed he was pleas'd to say 
 much more to me than I deserved. Tho' I was there but one day, 
 I saw so many new and diverting scenes that it will furnish me 
 with materials for conversation for some time. The ridiculous 
 figure I must have made in riding blindfolded for above half a 
 league in the French camp, the remarks of the soldiers upon me, 
 my being unblinded at the head-quarters in a court fill'd with 
 French officers, before I recover'd my eye-sight carried into a 
 great room where the Marechal stood at his levee, my being 
 obliged to introduce myself, and then retiring immediately with 
 him and beginning upon business : these sort of things when 
 they are over are entertaining to relate, tho' when they happen 
 one does not feel quite so pleasant under. The Marechal made 
 excuses about my being blinded, and the officer was not a little 
 abused by the whole court. We are now waiting with great 
 impatience for the ratification of the preliminarys from Paris. I 
 should imagine Mr. St. Severin is not a man to sign what his 
 instructions will not justify, so that I should hope that M. de 
 Saxe, great as he is, will not have influence enough to get him 
 disavow 'd." 
 
 X. — CHERBOURG AND ST. MALO, 1758. 
 
 The First Expedition to Cherbourg. 
 
 1758, May 21.— "A plan of the order of Battle." Duke of 
 Marlborough, General, Lord G. Sackville, Lieut.-General. 
 Evidently drawn up in view of the expedition of June, 1758. 
 
 Instructions for the Attack on Cherbourg. 
 
 [1758, May 31?]— "The first Battallion of Guards and the 
 Grenadiers of the Brigade to be embarked by eleven o'clock 
 at night in the flatt bottom boats. They are to land 
 in the center of the Bay between the Forts Homette and 
 Querqueville. As soon as they can be formed, the companys in 
 the four center boats march directly forward, possess themselves 
 of the battery in their front, nail up the cannon and then return 
 and take post for protecting the boats. The companys of the 
 eight boats upon the right are to attack Querqueville Fort, and 
 when they have nailed up the cannon, they are to join the center 
 companys at the boats. The companys in the eight boats upon 
 the left, among which the Grenadiers are to be, are to attack the 
 
293 
 
 little fort at Homet [te] and another near a church : these Forts 
 are at about a musquet shot and a half from each other. As soon 
 as the cannon of the Forts are nailed, they are likewise to join the 
 center companys. When these attacks have succeeded, the com- 
 manding officer, if he finds he can maintain his ground without 
 risking the loss of the troops under his command, is to give an 
 order in writing to the boats to return to the ships that the 
 remainder of the Brigade of Guards may disembark and join him 
 as soon as possible. If he finds it more expedient, he is to 
 re-imbark and return to the transports. Proper persons from the 
 Artillery will be ordered with the three divisions that attack for 
 nailing the cannons. The officers who command the three 
 divisions to attend the Duke of Marlborough this evening for 
 more particular orders." Draft by Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 Alexander MacDowall to Lord G. Sackville, Lieut. -General 
 of H.M. Forces with Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick. 
 
 1758, Aug. 16. Cherbourgh Bay. — I send your Lordship 
 enclosed an account of our doings, which, however, "have been so 
 inconsiderable that the account is not worthy of your perusal in 
 any other shape but meerly to satisfy your curiosity." 
 
 If our motions do not draw some French troops from the side 
 of Germany the nation's money is ill-expended. 
 
 Enclosing :— 
 
 Narrative of the Second Attack on Cherbourg. 
 
 [1758, August.]— "On Sunday the 23rd of July embark'd. 
 Tuesday 25th, Prince Edward came on board in the uniform of a 
 midshipman, and when Admiral Holbourne came to wait on him, 
 he stood in the rank among the midshipmen to receive him.- 
 
 "The fleet remain'd a week at Spithead and St. Helens. On 
 Sunday the 30th of July sail'd, but not being able to gett the 
 whole clear of the Island, put back to the Mother Bank, intending 
 to sail through the Needles ; Monday morning the wind changing, 
 sail'd again to St. Helen's ; and on Monday afternoon sail'd and 
 stood over for the coast of France. 
 
 " On Tuesday morning came in sight of French land, sail'd back 
 untill we were in sight of the Isle of Wight, at night sail'd back 
 towards the coast of France ; we cou'd no otherwise account for 
 the Commodore's conduct, but that he wanted to go westward. 
 
 ' ' Wednesday, August 2nd. All the day in sight of the land about 
 Cape de La Hague, saw the beacons lighted, and heard alarm 
 guns ; on Thursday the wind being fair to go westward the 
 Commodore [Howe] made no use of it ; we now plainly saw that we 
 were for some place in the Channel, and we guess'd at Cher- 
 bourgh. Fryday, stood over for the coast of France once more, 
 early on Saturday morning anchor'd off Cape la Hague, on 
 Saturday evening weighed and stood in for Cherbourgh, plyed 
 about all night without getting much nearer the land, on Sunday 
 forenoon, the wind coming several points fairer, the whole Fleet 
 stood in for Cherbourgh ; we landsmen cou'd not account for the 
 
294 
 
 Commodore's conduct, in doing now what he might (as we 
 believed and what the masters of transports told us) have done 
 on the Wednesday before ; it was giving the enemy four days' 
 warning. At 7 o'clock on Sunday evening the Fleet anchored in 
 the Sandy Bay above Querqueville, at a considerable distance 
 from the shore ; (the Grenadiers had been put on board ships by 
 themselves, and order'd to be ready to land first, C [ol.] Ceesar, 
 Lt.-Cols. Gansel and M[ajor] Preston for the Grenadiers, the 
 Guards also in orders to land, the whole to be commanded by 
 M[ajor] G[eneral] Dury). 
 
 " At break of day on Monday morning order'd to weigh and 
 stand in towards the shore of the said Sandy Bay of Ureville, no 
 fireing from the shore, a very fine calm night, some shells were 
 thrown into Cherbourgh and La Gallette this night. Monday 
 morning the Fleet stood in for the Bay, the frigates took their 
 stations, not very regularly, for some of them fired through the 
 rigging of others, and some of them had well nigh sunk the 
 fiat bottom boats as they were landing. The Commodore, with 
 the Prince, went on board the Pallas. The Richmond run 
 aground and was almost lost. 
 
 " The Commodore shou'd have stood into the Bay earlier, for 
 before the disposition was made, the tide came against us, and 
 we remain'd for six hours before any men cou'd be landed, 
 plainly indicating all that time the place of landing ; luckily the 
 enemy had very few troops, and made not good use of those they 
 had. They wanted to make us believe they were there in great 
 numbers, but their ruse was but shallow and easily seen thro' ; 
 they came out of a hollow way, paraded along the shore for some 
 time in our sight, then turn'd into another hollow way as if they 
 were taking post to oppose our landing ; but they gallop 'd back 
 unseen and came again out of the first hollow w T ay. The ships 
 fired on these troops, or rather on the place where they suppos'd 
 they were, and the landing was made about half an hour after 
 one o'clock on Monday, without any opposition, not a cannon 
 fired at us. 
 
 "The Grenadiers in moving forwards found a few stragglers 
 skulking about the hedges ; they were easily driven away with the 
 loss of a few wounded on our side. — The Count de Raimond, 
 M. General, commanded in Cherbourgh at the time of our landing. 
 The Army encamp'd in a very irregular manner on the small 
 space of ground between the riseing hill and the shore, instead of 
 occupying that riseing ground as it is presum'd they ought to 
 have done. The Duke of Richmond had got on shore early with 
 part of his regiment, and had ask'd leave to advance with it and 
 scower some part of the fields behind Ureville. He got several of 
 his men wounded by popping shots from the hedges; he was 
 order'd to remain all night in that place; he had got his brother 
 to make interest also to advance, and these requests were granted 
 contrary to the rules of good soldiership; Lord Chas. Haye's were 
 order'd to take post near Neckerville. In Cherbourgh the 
 battallion of Clare, a new rais'd regiment of Liegois compos'd of 
 deserters, neither of them to be depended upon, and a regiment 
 
295 
 
 of Dragoons that had been disabled in Hanover last winter, and 
 this with some Militia was all their force. 
 
 "The Army march'd in two columns on Tuesday forenoon 
 towards Cherbourgh. Ten six pounders were landed. The enemy 
 had abandon'd Querqueville the night of our landing, and on 
 Tuesday forenoon they quitted Hommette, Quadreville, Gallette, 
 and Cherbourgh ; we march'd in a very careless and confus'd 
 manner, and our success may be truely said to be owing more 
 to good fortune than good conduct. They nail'd up all their 
 cannon and took the road to Valogne. 
 
 "The Army encamp'd near Cherbourgh, part of the Grenadiers 
 in the town. On Wednesday M[aj or] G[eneral] Elliot, finding 
 the troops encamp'd in a most confused and unsoldierlike stile, 
 mark'cl out a new camp, and the troops went into it ; and 
 Bentink's were order'd to take post on the Hermitage (that hill 
 on the other side of the water that hangs over the town); on 
 Fryday they were reliev'd by the 1st Eegiment of Guards. 
 
 "If the Commodore expected to raise his reputation by battering 
 the forts, the dissappointment must have chagrin'd him ; if the 
 enemy had given him that oportunity he might have made a 
 puffin the newspapers, and he might have rais'd the admiration 
 of our ale drinking politicians, but in the eyes of the judicious he 
 cou'd have got no additional credit, such poor paultry pieces are 
 they, intended meerely as a bugbear to ships of war unacquainted 
 with their weakness, and so small withall that a single bomb 
 vessel properly us'd wou'd make it impossible for any body to 
 live in them. I will not except even La Gallette, which is the 
 strongest. In our march from Ureville we found a good 
 entrenchment that extended from Querqueville along that tract 
 of coast towards Hommette, and we were inform'd that when we 
 appear'd off Cherbourgh under the Duke of Marlbrough, there 
 were then encamped thereabout, besides the Kegiment of Clare, 
 Liegois, and a Kegiment of Dragoons, 8,000 Militia — that a sloop 
 of four guns from Cherbourgh saw us into St. Helens, and that on 
 her return the Militia were dismiss'd, and had not been again 
 collected in such numbers. 
 
 " The troops were employ 'd in blowing up the forts and the pier, 
 which ought rather to have been suffer 'd to remain as an instance 
 of French folly, in expending so much money upon a scheme that 
 never cou'd have answer'd the intended purpose, and of which 
 they themselves were so thorowly convinc'd that for these three 
 years they have given it over, as a vain attempt, by the advice 
 of the Due de Belle Isle, who had been to review it. 
 
 " Some of the King's money was found in the town, which the 
 receiver has been obliged to deliver up. The town of Cherbourgh 
 itself is a poor little place, quite open on all sides excepting a 
 battery towards the sea. There were about twenty small craft in 
 the harbour, none of them above 100 tun burden. 
 
 " For the two last days that we remain'd at Cherbourgh, and 
 not before, they thought fitt to send out to reconnoitre the enemy 
 towards Valogne, but so awkwardly that these parties went com- 
 monly the same route ; and tho' the country was pretty close, 
 
296 
 
 the cavalry went on by itself miles before the infantry ; the 
 consequence was that poor Lyndsey, who was sent out on all 
 occasions, fell in among a party of the enemies cavalry, who had 
 foot conceal'd behind them, the captain was desperately wounded, 
 two or three men were killed and several more wounded. 
 
 "On Wednesday, August 15th, the troops embark'd without 
 losing a man, or even seeing the enemy." 
 
 Sir John Irwine to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1758, Sept. 21. Isle of Wight. — "I have never attempted to 
 thank your Lordship for the honour of your letter, which I 
 received just before I embarked from hence. I did not care to 
 inter upt you on your first joining the grand army, and of late, 
 if I had wrote, my letter never would have reached you. We 
 have for some time past been treated like people guilty of high 
 treason, we have not only been confined, but in effect debared 
 the use of pen, ink, and paper ; for the two last expresses 
 that left the fleet carried only the General's and Commodore's 
 letters, notwithstanding people gave assurances that their letters 
 contained no news, only accounts of their health, yet these assur- 
 ances had no weight. I do not say this caution of our leaders was 
 wrong. Perhaps if people had wrote news, their account of our 
 unecessary misfortune at St. Cast Bay would neither have been 
 treated so slightly, nor exactly the same relation made of it ; no 
 more than the previous steps taken before that black Monday 
 (the weakness and inefficiency of which were shocking) from the 
 time of our landing to the hour of our misfortune, would escape 
 remark and censure. I am not the only one that includes in this 
 series of blunders the plan of our landing, and the design for 
 which we landed. Indeed I have this comfort, that though I may 
 omitt a great deal that I would wish to say to your Lordship, I 
 shall say nothing that will not be attested as to facts and 
 supported by way of opinion by every man of twelve battallions, 
 by the train, the dragoons, and in a word by the whole army (I 
 had almost said by the general officers) except only the Quarter 
 Master and Adjutant General. These two gentlemen have been 
 so unlucky to draw the universal contempt, hatred, and disappro- 
 bation of the whole army upon them. 
 
 "I am unwilling to trouble you with saying anything you may 
 already know. I shall say very little of our Cherburgh 
 expedition, only this, our landing may safely be called a bold 
 thing, as we landed in the face of a large body of troops. The 
 disposition made of the ships was allowed to be very good, and 
 their guns did some execution. The enemy behaved shamefully. 
 On our landing they abandoned the countrey, and on our approach 
 to Cherburgh abandoned the town. We encamped on ground 
 near the town that the Quarter-Master General never saw till next 
 day, without straw, and if the enemy had any spirit might have 
 been cut to pieces there from our situation. [Major] Gen. Elliott, 
 whom all men look up to, represented our situation and prevailed 
 
 * General Bligh. 
 
297 
 
 on making another camp of his directing, where we were safe and 
 satisfied. Our re-embarkation was also applauded, the lines thrown 
 up for that purpose approved of, and the disposition of the ships 
 such as would have done great mischief to the enemy had they 
 attempted to disturb us without the least risk to our own troops. 
 
 "From Cherburgh we sailed to Portland Koad. I was then 
 told we were to go and make another attempt on St. Malo's, that 
 the Commodore proposed going to Cape de Frehel, then sailing 
 on towards St. Malo's, anchoring as near it as he could, and 
 landing us where he could. Then he was to introduce (if he 
 could) one or more frigates up the river that goes to Dinant, and 
 having by them secured the passage, some boats were to be sent 
 in to carry the troops across to the St. Servans side, from whence 
 batteries were to play on the town whilst the great ships were to 
 batter (if they could get near enough) on the other side. I need 
 not observe to your Lordship that this plan surprised me greatly. 
 I looked upon it as a thing [which] never could be executed, and 
 I hoped never would be attempted, as it consisted of nothing sure, 
 all under such and such suppositions and chances, and if this 
 thing could be and another thing did happen ; for winds, tides, 
 and a million of other contingencies were all to correspond to 
 produce success, and, as I was told in the conclusion, to procure 
 for us a more flattering and favourable paragraph than our friends 
 at Cape Breton had got in the Gazzette. The person (before 
 whom this plan was laide) made some objections modestly to the 
 ships lying at great hazzard, the doubt of their anchoring, the cer- 
 tainty of dangerous rocks, the almost certainty of strong gales at 
 this time of the year, the improbability of the carrying the troops 
 across the river, &c, &c; but was told for answer that perhaps 
 there might be some difficulties, yet something was to be risked, 
 and if this great plan failed, yet still something might be done, 
 as a great number of merchant ships, by the latest intelligence 
 two hundred, were at St. Briac, which might be easily burnt. 
 
 " After receiving this intelligence I saw all the general officers, 
 some of whom had frequently done me the honour to talk freely 
 to me, and I indeavoured to sound them as to our future oper- 
 ations, but they all told me we should not, they believed, land 
 any more, only cruise about. I was not at liberty to tell them 
 what I knew, and fancied they were discreet to me. I was 
 deceived ; they told me what they thought truth, for they were 
 not trusted, nor till they landed did they know the smallest cir- 
 cumstance of the matter. On Monday, the 4th, the flatt bottomed 
 boats and all the long boats were used in landing the troops in a 
 kind of cove, I cannot call it a bay, near Cape Frehel, between it 
 and St. Malo, in doing which there' was great danger, as we got 
 into the boats a vast way from the land, the day was blustering 
 and bad, the rocks without number, the people ignorant of the 
 coast, and the surf prodigious. The consequence was we had 
 several boats overset, amongst others a boat with a company of 
 the 5th regiment, by which means we lost several men and the 
 entire arms and most of the accoutrements of a company. 
 Providentially we saw no enemy, nor indeed no creature, human 
 
298 
 
 or animal, except one poor priest. The enemy had driven off all 
 the cattle, and we were like to be all starved, as in truth we were 
 always in danger and afraid of during our last residence in the 
 dominions of the most Christian King. We immediately marched 
 to a village called St. Lunaire, near which we encamped. After 
 two days' reconnoitring, the attempt to be made by the frigates 
 of going up the river was judged by the Commodore impracticable 
 from the rocks, even if no batteries were in the way, and even 
 could they effect it, the possibility of carrying the troops across 
 was doubted, and if they could, the time it would take was too 
 long. The Commodore then proposed our marching to Dinant, 
 crossing there, and then marching to St. Servans, from thence 
 we were to attack St. Malo. You will ask how ? I answer, by 
 scaling the walls, for by this time it was well known the roads we 
 were to march were not practicable for any cannon. The two 
 advisers could not carry this point, the General was positive in 
 saying he would not stir without his cannon, so that attempt for 
 the destruction of a parcell of naked, starved, sick soldiers failed. 
 
 "During this time a party was sent to St. Briac to burn the two 
 hundred ships. When they got thither they found fifteen fishing 
 boats which they burnt ; although Thierry, the pilot, told me 
 qiCil se trompoit diablement s il iiy avoit cent cinquante vaisseaux 
 marchands pour le mains. The third day after we were on shore 
 a violent storm arose which drove all the ships to sea, and there 
 we were left without provisions and in all sorts of distress, our 
 men and officers falling sick, no means of taking care of them, 
 nor no convenience of carrying them with us, should we be obliged 
 to march. Next day the ships got safe to anchor under Cape 
 Frehel. Every body seemed greatly alaurmed at this time, and 
 we all expected to embark as soon as the weather would permit. 
 
 "As soon as the ships were safe the Commodore wrote to the 
 General to let him know that he could not answer for the safety 
 of the ships in such doubtfull weather, and therefore if he did not 
 choose to proceed towards St. Malo by land, or had no other 
 object in view, he desired to know when he would embark the 
 troops. The General returned for answer he was ready to 
 embark imediately. The Commodore proposed our marching 
 to an island near us, which we could get to at low water, where 
 we could be safe from the whole force of France, and from 
 whence we could embark with the greatest safety to the ships and 
 the troops. This we all understood was to be executed, but to 
 our great astonishment when we began to march we found our- 
 selves going from the coast into the countrey. The [Subaltern] 
 Generals began to enquire into this and were told that the best 
 place to embark at was a bay about four leagues off, which this 
 was the best road to. They represented against the length of the 
 march, the wretched state of the troops, their nakedness, no 
 shoes, litter ally none even in the Guards, that is several men had 
 none, no provisions, the men that might be called fighting men 
 worn out, and several of them must be employed to carry the sick, 
 the number of which on shore was now considerably encreased, 
 in so much that one battallion had but fifty-six files under arms, 
 
299 
 
 exclusive of grenadiers. I had but five hundred men, and the 
 regiments in general run to about that number. The General 
 hearkened to these reasons, approved of them, but after consult- 
 ing with others prosecuted his intention. We marched in one 
 collumn, which consisted of fifty light dragoons, being all that 
 was (or indeed could be) landed, two light six pounders, which 
 was all our artillery, and they were like to be lost coming on 
 shore, and the twelve poor weakened battallions. The Quarter 
 Master General advanced with 300 grenadiers and the Camp 
 Colour men, came to a river close to a village called Gildo. As 
 soon as he approached about sixty Gardes des Cotes fired on him. 
 The Quarter-Masters and Camp Colour men offered to pass and 
 drive them away ; the Grenadiers pressed extreamly to cross 
 the river. He refused them, and marked out a camp on our side 
 of the river. As soon as we came on our ground we were fired on 
 by those on' the other side, and Head Quarters being within mus- 
 kett shot was fired on the whole evening and all next day. We gave 
 them twenty-four hours to get more people and to avail themselves 
 of their hedges and some trenches they made for themselves, 
 and under pretence that we could not pass till low water waited 
 till next evening to go over. It is true we could not pass 
 but at low water, but it was low water in the morning after day 
 light. 
 
 " Lord Fred. Cavendish passed first, he received a contusion, 
 his lieutenant, Jones, was wounded, some of his and other 
 grenadiers wounded and killed, and we all passed over assisted 
 and covered by our two field pieces, which did the enemy some 
 mischief. We encamped about a mile on the Morlaix side of the 
 river, at or near a small village called St. Jagiie. Next day we 
 marched to a town called Matignon, in going to which our front 
 and flanks were attacked by small parties of the enemy with some 
 loss on their side and some wounded on ours. We encamped 
 near Matignon, all men wondering whither we were going and 
 dragging our sick people to, and what we were going for. There 
 we received, from deserters and prisoners, intelligence that 
 eleven battallions of Kegulars with as many field pieces and a 
 large body of millitia were within five miles of us at Lomballe, 
 and would probably attack us that night, that the Due d' Aiguillon 
 had marched from Brest and gathered what troops he could by 
 the way in order to out number us at present, and either attack 
 us at night or get between us and the coast. All the Subaltern 
 Generals thought this matter very serious ; by reconnoitring it 
 was judged to be true. I have already said we had no provisions, 
 yet the Quarter Master and Adjutant General proposed attacking 
 the enemy and marching to Lomballe for that purpose. You 
 know what an enclosed country that is ; I forgot to remind you 
 of that ever since I began to march. The Subaltern Generals 
 were called upon, and after shewing the bad conduct of the 
 Quarter Master General from first to last, in particular the camp 
 we were that moment in, where we were from situation not only 
 liable to a surprise but to be cut to pieces, whereas a little more 
 riding would have shown him (the Quarter Master General) a 
 
300 
 
 spot that could not easily be attacked, they then refered them- 
 selves to the youngest to speak, who represented with great 
 freedom and knowledge our present state to the General, showed 
 that the enemy would not suffer us to attack them, but would stir 
 heaven and earth to get troops to cut off our retreat ; that it was 
 now plain troops sufficient might be got, and from our uncertainty 
 of a fit place to embark at, their scheme might be effected. 
 
 "These reasons prevailed; a despatch was sent to the Com- 
 modore, and the General declared that 'Young people had a mind 
 ' for an action, that he should be as ready as any of them if he 
 ' could foresee any good from a victory, or any chance of bringing 
 ' the army off if we should be defeated.' So it was resolved to 
 march to our place of embarkation. At night our advanced posts 
 were frequently attacked, we heard the enemy's drums, yet we 
 beat ours (I mean the general and assemblee) though it was dark 
 night before we marched. On our march our rear was attacked, 
 and some few people wounded. By nine o'clock we got to the 
 only place we could then embark at. The Commodore had got 
 the ships as near as he could, and the boats ready. I must 
 observe that the whole army (some of the guards and the rear 
 guard excepted) had seen the road to and place of embarkation 
 before the Quarter Master General, and when we came there we 
 found lines thrown up by the enemy to prevent our landing. 
 Had these been thrown down we might have used them for our 
 defence instead of leaving them to be made use of against us, 
 which they were. Behind the lines were sand hills and hollows, 
 which formed so many breast works for the enemy. We were 
 hardly got on the beach when their advanced guard appeared, 
 and before the last regiment of the youngest brigade began to 
 embark, they opened a battery upon us, soon after another, and 
 advanced upon us in three collumns. Our frigates fired upon 
 them and we threw abundance of shells with little or no effect ; 
 it only stopped them for a little while, and then they formed 
 behind the hollows. Before the Guards were half embarked they 
 began the attack, and many of them (as there had been before of 
 other regiments) were killed in the boats. No disposition having 
 been made they were soon thrown into confusion, and the eyes of 
 every soldier was turned to the sea, and his thoughts to the hopes 
 of saving himself by swiming to the boats. All the officers 
 behaved remarkably well, and did all that brave men could do to 
 keep the men together till boats arrived, but nothing could 
 restore order when once it was broke. The sea officers did 
 everything in their power to expedite the embarkation, and 
 exposed themselves very bravely. The Commodore himself went 
 in his boat to pick up all the men he could, and had all his boat- 
 men killed or wounded, and notwithstanding the account in the 
 Gazzette, the slaughter amongst the seamen was very great, as 
 you may judge when of one ship the killed and wounded amounted 
 to twenty-nine, and of others in proportion. I find by the land 
 account in the Gazzette the numbers greatly lessened, and no 
 notice taken of the wounded that did escape. For instance, our 
 Grenadiers have suffered greatly. We have the captain and one 
 
301 
 
 lieutenant, two Serjeants, and twenty-one prisoners, and twenty- 
 nine killed or missing, but there is no notice taken of one 
 lieutenant and twenty more wounded that have escaped. The 
 first Kegiment of Guards has 12 officers, 9 sergeants, and 225 
 men wounded and missing, and in a word every regiment has a 
 number of wounded not taken notice of. Every company of 
 grenadiers is about cut in two, and almost all the arms of those 
 companies lost. Some officers have since died of their wounds. 
 Such is the account of our last landing in France to the melan- 
 choly day of our re-embarkation in St. Cast Bay. When I 
 landed I was told by those about the General that this landing 
 would throw disgrace on our former commander. I was lucky 
 enough to keep my temper, and unfortunate enough to foretell 
 exactly what did happen. 
 
 " Since our return I am told that in London they blame us for 
 not marching to the enemy and attacking them. I have all the 
 reason in the world to believe we might have marched, but we 
 should not have attacked them. A French officer who came with 
 a message from M. d'Aiguillon told me as much. The intention 
 of the enemy was to cut off our retreat to our ships. Provisions 
 we had none, cloaths we had none, the men worn out and 
 dispirited, and our numbers lessening every day ; whereas the 
 enemy had plenty of everything, and were encreasing in numbers 
 every day. 
 
 " I must not omit to add that the General picked up about 
 three thousand pounds contribution money at Cherburgh. In 
 this he shewed himself a more capable general than our former 
 commander. 
 
 " I hope you will excuse the hurry this is wrote in, and what- 
 soever inconsistencies there may be in the wording of it, owing 
 to that hurry and to my not being well. I have got the scurvy 
 and, what is worse to me, a return of that disorder in my stomach 
 I had last year. May I beg of your lordship to let my friend 
 Hotham see this letter as I have not time to write to him." 
 
 Postscript. — " I must not forget to tell you that we were all 
 short of ammunition, and on applying for some was told there 
 was none on shore nor none could be brought, and yet we were 
 to go further into the country to attack the enemy. 
 
 "The French officer told me the force of the enemy was 
 fourteen battallions of the King's forces, near three thousand 
 militia, four squadrons of dragoons, two of dismounted dragoons, 
 two hundred voluntaires etrangeres, fourteen pieces of cannon and 
 eight mortars." 
 
 XI. — THE SEVEN YEAKS' WAE. 
 
 Bundle of letters written in 1758 and 1759 relating to the war 
 on the Lower Bhine, and to the battle of Minden. The collection 
 includes letters from Prince Ferdinand to Lord G. Sackville, 
 from Lord G. Sackville to the Prince and to Lord Holdernesse, 
 and from the Ministers to Lord G. Sackville, of which all of any 
 
302 
 
 
 
 importance are calendared below. Among the miscellaneous 
 papers are the following : — 
 
 ' 1758, September 23. Merveldt.— Plan of the country from 
 Coesfeldt to Halteren, with the successive camps of the English 
 and Hanoverians at or near Coesfelt, Lette, Merveldt and 
 Dulmen, from August 14 to the present date. 
 
 1758, October 31. — Instructions for Lord George Sackville, 
 Lieutenant General of the British Forces on the Lower Rhine. 
 Signed by tlie King. 
 
 1759, April 13. — Plan of the battle of Bergen, near Frankfurt, 
 fought on this date, between the French under the Due de 
 Broglie and the Allies under Prince Ferdinand. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Lord [Holderness ?] 
 
 1758, November 21. Munster. — A courier from Berlin brings 
 the news that the Austrians have retreated towards Peterswald in 
 Bohemia. Marshal Daun has rather blockaded than besieged 
 Dresden. The Austrians continued near the town till the 16th and 
 then decamped, the King of Prussia having that day reached 
 Gorlik. The troops about Leipsic have retired and Count Dohna 
 attacked with success the detachment of General Haddick, who 
 was obliged to retreat precipitately. The French are still on their 
 march to re-pass the Khine. The Prince of Soubise's movements 
 are so contradictory that his true intentions are not known, but it 
 said that his left is to be placed to the Bhine and his right along 
 the Lahn, to keep in communication with M. de Contades' army, 
 cantooning from Cleves to Coblentz. " The country hereabouts 
 is so eat up that I fear we shall be much distressed for forrage and 
 provisions." Copy. 
 
 Prince Ferdinand to " Lord Sackville." 
 
 1758, December 31. Munster. — Is glad to hear of his safe 
 arrival in London. As regards the augmentation of the army, 
 has no doubt but that the necessity for it will turn the balance in 
 the end, but fears that the time which should be given to prepar- 
 ations will be spent in deliberations. Urges in particular the 
 increase of the light horse, which is so important that if it can be 
 done in no other way, he would even decrease the infantry to 
 augment the cavalry. Talent and zeal will do much, and he 
 knows no one so capable as his Lordship of vanquishing even 
 greater difficulties. French. Signed. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Prince Ferdinand. 
 
 1759, January 19. — Is overcome by the kindness of his serene 
 Highness' s letter, and has the pleasure of announcing to him 
 that the augmentation of the light troops, both Hessian and 
 Hanoverian, is resolved upon, in spite of great difficulty in regard 
 to the increased expense. The King, moreover, has held out 
 hopes of 300 Irish troops as an additional recruit for the infantry, 
 but it is to be feared that the Viceroy may upset this project. Is 
 pleased to be able to steal a march on the Duke of Newcastle in 
 
303 
 
 announcing that the treaty with Hesse is signed, and in congratu- 
 lating his Highness thereupon. The letter to Mr. Pitt has 
 produced the best effect, and (if he may venture to advise) it will 
 be well for his Highness to continue this course of action, for a 
 man of Mr. Pitt's merit and importance will always be very 
 sensible of such proofs of confidence. French. Copy. 
 
 Prince Ferdinand to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1759, January 21. Munster. — Is glad to hear from Mr. Hunter 
 that the cavalry is to be made complete, and hopes that the 
 infantry will be so also. Has written to Mr. Pitt concerning the 
 augmentation of the light German troops. Does not know 
 whether England proposes to take any more German troops into 
 pay and fears it may be difficult to find good ones, but what seems 
 to him quite as important is to take advantage of the brouilleries 
 of the Courts of Manheim, Bonn and Stutgard, with that of 
 Versailles. Assures Lord George of his friendship and thanks 
 him for the kind expressions in his letter. French. Signed. 
 
 Prince Ferdinand to King George II. 
 
 1759, January 27, Munster. — Explaining the need for an 
 augmentation of the artillery. French, but said to be a translation. 
 
 Prince Ferdinand to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1759, February 5. — Acknowledges his letter of January 19, 
 and thanks him for his exertions in gaining the augmentation of 
 the light troops. Believes that if the French do not succeed to 
 their liking in Holland, their threats of carrying the war into his 
 Majesty's dominions need not cause much alarm. The new treaty 
 with Hesse is an event as happy as it is necessary for the 
 strengthening of the good cause in Germany. Has a very true 
 esteem for Mr. Pitt, and will be delighted to cultivate his friend- 
 ship; and will therefore not fail to follow advice which is as just 
 as it is pleasing. French. Signed. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Prince Ferdinand. 
 
 1759, February 23. London. — Our recruits for the cavalry 
 are partly embarked, and also some for the infantry. I wish I 
 could tell you that some battalions will follow them, but I see 
 less chance of this than ever, for the alarms for the safety of this 
 kingdom are increasing. The King has just named Lord Granby 
 Lieutenant General. I am delighted to hear from his Lordship 
 of your good health, and at the same time he has reminded me of 
 your desires about the Artillery, in consequence of which I have 
 had a conversation with Mr. Pitt, which, in confidence, I will 
 communicate to your Highness. 
 
 I repeated to him the need of augmenting the army in Ger- 
 many. He replied that if it could be done, he would be the first to 
 put a hand to it, but that it would be dangerous in a country such 
 
304 
 
 as this to stretch the cord too much ; the public must be 
 humoured, and before all else sufficient forces must be kept here 
 to put us beyond all reach of danger ; that we did not yet know 
 what part Denmark and Holland would take ; and that in short, 
 we must not think of any re-inforcements from here whatever ; 
 but that if your Highness should suggest adding some troops from 
 Brunswick (Hesse and Hanover having already done their 
 utmost) he would willingly be the first to urge their payment 
 (although he would be going outside his own department, as he 
 had nothing to do with that of finance), even if the number 
 should amount to two thousand. Then I spoke to him concern- 
 ing the Artillery. He answered without hesitation, ' you know the 
 state of it better than I do. If we can spare some without 
 risking too much, I see no difficulty about it.' [The end of the 
 letter states what ordnance Lord George believes might be sent.] 
 Copy. French. 
 
 Prince Ferdinand to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1759, March 7. Munster. — Thanking him for his letter of 
 February 23 and for the prompt measures which he has taken in 
 regard to the re-inforcements, and expressing his satisfaction 
 that Lord George has commended the interests of the army to the 
 care of Mr. Pitt, as he knows they could not be put into better 
 hands. French. Signed. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1759, April 1. Fulda. — Acknowledging his letter written at 
 Deventer, and stating that he has outflanked the Austrians by 
 his march to Fulda. " Les Huzards Prussiens ont ren verse hier 
 au dessus de Molrichstad en Franconie le Eegiment de Curassiers 
 de Hohenzollern, et sabre en suite un Eegiment de Milice de 
 Wurtzbourg, apres que la Cavallerie l'eut abandonne a son 
 propre sort." French. Signed. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Lord [Holdernesse ?] . 
 
 [1759, April, about the 3rd.]— Quotes the paragraph printed 
 above, from the letter received from Prince Ferdinand this 
 morning "on the success gained by the Allies. Baron Munchausen 
 has sent an account from Cassel of an advantage gained by 
 Prince Henry near Salfield, but it needs confirmation. The 
 transports have sailed from the Elbe. Hopes Lord Granby and 
 Major General Mostyn will have joined the English Brigade 
 of cavalry now with Prince Ferdinand." Draft. 
 
 Prince Ferdinand to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1759, April 7. Fulda.— Concerning the providing of new 
 artillery. His aide-de-camp De Bulow has just taken the Castle 
 of Ulrichstein, on which occasion the regiment of Hessian 
 Grenadiers performed prodigies of valour. French, Signed. 
 
305 
 
 Prince Ferdinand to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1759, April 9. Fulda. — Stating that on the previous day the 
 Miltitz cavalry regiment was attacked near Treysa by the Turpin 
 Hussars, when the latter were repulsed. French. Signed. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Prince Ferdinand. 
 
 1759, April 12. Munster. — Thanking him for his letters of 
 the 7th and 9th and congratulating him on his happy progress. 
 On the arrival and march of the artillery and cavalry recruits. 
 Draft. French. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Lord Holdernesse. 
 
 1759, April 14. Munster. — Private. We hourly expect news 
 from Prince Ferdinand. Meanwhile there can be nothing but 
 conjecture, as "he is too wise to trust his secret intentions to 
 anybody further than is absolutely necessary for the carrying 
 them into execution. Your Lordship desires I would inform you 
 of the situation of the enemy upon the Lower Rhine . . . but 
 I can only do it in a private letter, because I have not the means 
 of any authentick intelligence, General Sporcken having the 
 command of all the troops in this part of the country, and conse- 
 quently receives all possible information from letters, as well as 
 constant reports from our out posts." We can only account for 
 the inactivity of the enemy from their distress for want of clothing 
 and other necessaries. These wants no longer exist, but to our 
 great astonishment Mr. de Contades has not yet joined the army, 
 nor are the generals commanding separate bodies so alert in 
 sending re-inforcements to the Due de Broglie at Hanau as they 
 might have been if the power had been less divided, each general, 
 as is natural, confining his attention to his own particular object. 
 
 The Due de Broglie commands what has been called Soubize's 
 army [on the Main] , Mr. St. Germain commands at Cologne, and 
 Mr. d'Armentieres at Dusseldorp. 
 
 At a Council of War at Cologne it was at last decided that Mr. 
 St. Germain, with 14,000 men, was to pass the Rhine to Siegen, 
 and General Imhoff was sent to watch his motions and obstruct 
 his march, in consequence of which we to-day hear that the 
 French troops have been stopped opposite to Bonn. Exclusive 
 of Mr. St. Germain's corps, I believe the French cannot assemble 
 20,000 men on the Lower Rhine to march towards us, and though 
 I cannot say what they can bring from Liege or the Low 
 Countries, I am sure that Prince Ferdinand will have time to 
 pursue, and I hope finish his operations, before we can be dis- 
 turbed. Copy. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Lord Barrington. 
 
 1759, April 15. Munster. — Capt. Hicks and Capt. Burton, 
 Majors of Brigade, being appointed aides-de-camp to himself and 
 Lord Granby, he recommends Peter Chabert of Napier's and 
 21250 u 
 
306 
 
 Capt. Kichard Callis of the 1st Regiment of Dragoon Guards in 
 their place as Brigade Majors respectively of the Infantry and 
 Cavalry. Also, as Ensign Thomas Clements of Napier's is too 
 young to serve, he recommends Arthur Ward, volunteer, in his 
 place ; and — Mulcaster to the ensigncy in Home's, vacant by 
 the promotion of Ensign Gunning to be Lieutenant in Hodgson's. 
 Everyone is pleased with Colonel Whitley's promotion, but 
 regrets that Major Hepburne of Cholmondeley's and some others 
 serving with them have not been thought worthy of his 
 Majesty's favour. 
 
 Prince Ferdinand has marched from Fulda towards the French 
 quarters. " It is most astonishing that in their present situation 
 the French army should be left without a commander in chief," 
 but by the last accounts Marshal Contades was not returned 
 from Paris. Copy. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Lord [Holdernesse] . 
 
 1759, April 25. — Concerning the state of the English cavalry, 
 and the need of reinforcements. Congratulates Lord Holdernesse 
 on the success of Prince Henry's corps in Bohemia. Draft. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Prince Ferdinand. 
 
 1759, April 29. Munster. — The baggage has arrived, but he 
 finds it impossible to get carriages for it. Prays that if possible, 
 the whole of the British corps may be together. Draft. French. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Lord [Holdernesse]. 
 
 1759, May 2. Munster. — The troops are in readiness to march 
 upon the first notice. The French are forming three camps on 
 the Rhine ; the first at Burick, near Wesel, under the Due de 
 Chevreuse, the second at Dusseldorp, and the third at Duitz, 
 opposite Cologne, where Mr. d'Armentieres has his quarters. 
 Lieut. -General Hardenberg is near Lipstadt, and we are to take 
 the ground near Lette, so as to be ready to march either towards 
 Dulmen or Coesfeldt. " Your Lordship perceives by these dis- 
 positions Prince Ferdinand has a very extended cordon from 
 Lette to Lingenhaim where his head-quarters still are, and 
 probably may wait in these posts till he perceives where the 
 principal effort of the enemy is likely to be made." 
 
 Lord Holdernesse to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1759, May 8. Whitehall.— Has received his letter of 29th 
 April and laid it before the King. Finds by a letter from his 
 Serene Highness of the 27th, that steps have been taken to 
 repair the loss sustained at the battle of Bergen. Letters of 
 6th March have been received from Guarclaloupe. Signed. 
 
307 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Lord Holdernesse. 
 
 1759, May 26. Ludinchausen. — Keports the disposition of 
 the English troops in the villages round about. The Prince's 
 head quarters are at Reke, and the Hereditary Prince is at Unna. 
 There was an alarm two nights ago that the enemy was going to 
 attack Dorsten and advance to Halteren, but nothing came of it. 
 Hears that Marshal Contades is at Siegberg, opposite Bonn, 
 where he appears to mean to act only on the defensive. Copy. 
 
 Lord Barrington to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1759, June 8. War Office. — Stating that he has succeeded in 
 his application to Parliament to exempt General Staff officers 
 from the payment of the late tax, and asking his Lordship to 
 insert Capt. Fowler in the next certificate of his Staff as Judge 
 Advocate, in succession to Capt. Douglass, resigned. 
 
 Samuel Martin to the Same. 
 
 1759, June 12. Treasury Chambers. — Is commanded by the 
 Commissioners of the Treasury to state that they have given 
 orders concerning money for the hospitals and forage money, and 
 also to request his Lordship to take the trouble of looking after 
 the business of the prisoners of war, concerning which application 
 has been made from the Chancellerie de Guerre of Hanover. 
 
 Lord G. Sackville to Lord [Holdernesse ?] . 
 
 1759, June 16. The Camp at Brenken.— " The night before 
 last, we came into this camp, after a most fatiguing and distress- 
 ing march. . . . We are now in sight of the enemy's 
 camp ; it seems to be posted not far from Wunnenberg. Prince 
 Ferdinand's and Marshal Contades' reconnoitering partys met 
 this morning between the two camps, and the Duke of Richmond 
 and Col. Fitzroy saw at a distance some of their old acquaintances, 
 who by degrees approached and entered into conversation, till 
 Marshal Contades sent to the French officers to return to him. 
 Our position is extremely strong ; . . . indeed this whole 
 country is so cut up by ravines, and the hills rise so quick upon 
 each other, that whoever is to act offensively must take his 
 measures with the greatest ability to secure success." I believe 
 the Marshal means to post himself as advantageously as possible 
 and tempt the Prince to attack him in order to prevent him 
 from detaching parties into Hanover. Some of the Marshal's 
 irregulars have been seen in Paderborn. The army now 
 assembled is in excellent condition. It consists of 45 battalions 
 and 68 squadrons besides the light troops. Draft. 
 
 Lord Holdernesse to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1759, June 19. Whitehall. — Has received his letter of the 8th 
 instant. By the last post were sent the particulars of the entire 
 reduction of the Island of Guadaloupe. Congratulates him on 
 this great and glorious success of his Majesty's arms. 
 
308 
 
 Lord G. Sackville to [Mr. Martin]. 
 
 1759, June 22. The Camp at Eitberg. — Has received his letter 
 of the 12th, is always ready to obey the commands of the Lords 
 of the Treasury, and will endeavour to undertake the service 
 relating to the prisoners of war. Baron Munchausen, the only 
 person who understands the affairs of the Chancellerie de Guerre, 
 is away. Suggests methods for managing the business. Copy, 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Lord [Holdernesse ?] . 
 
 1759, June 23. Camp at Eitberg. — The troops have come from 
 Brencken to this place by way of Lipstadt. The Due de Broglie 
 had joined Marshal Contades, but they made no attempt to 
 obstruct the march. The French are now at Brencken, and may 
 begin operations by besieging Lipstadt. "The Prince seems by his 
 dispositions to intend gaining time, and not put the fate of these 
 countries to the decision of a battle without an absolute necessity. 
 . . . The French are either not prepared for advancing or 
 are waiting fresh orders from Court." Copy. 
 
 Baron Munchhausen. 
 
 1759, July 5. London. — Memorial from Baron Munchhausen, 
 complaining of Mr. Intendant General Hunter's refusal to 
 indemnify the Chancellerie de Guerre of Hanover for the 
 advances made the French prisoners of war, and demanding, by 
 order of the King, that Mr. Hunter be authorized to re-imburse 
 the advances made and to provide money for the future. Copy, 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Lord Holdernesse. 
 
 1759, July 6 and 7. Camp at Dissen.— The French are said to 
 be at Belefeld, and the outposts of the two armies are so near that 
 they are continually skirmishing. Our Hussars have been dis- 
 lodged from Halle and driven in upon Eavensberg Castle. The 
 French, about a thousand strong, came up with great spirit to the 
 Castle, but were soon obliged to retire with the loss of about twenty 
 men. The Prince at once re-inforced this post, upon which the 
 French abandoned Halle. General Wangenheim is on his march 
 from Munster, and we hope shortly, with this re-inforcement, to 
 be in a condition more openly to obstruct the designs of the 
 enemy. Draft, 
 
 Prince Ferdinand to Lord George " Sackvil." 
 
 1759, July 11. Bomte. — " L'ennemi est maitre de Minden. 
 Je crains qu'il ne me prenne aussi Niembourg sans que je le 
 puisse empecher. Mes magazins sur le Weser sont done par 
 la en danger. J'ai voulu voler au secours de Minden. Cela 
 m'a manque. Dois je continuer au hazard si Niembourg estpris, 
 ou non voler pour secourir le dit endroit, et tacher d'y prevenir 
 l'ennemi ; ou, voiant Timpossibilite de ne plus reuissir avec 
 
309 
 
 probability, dois je abandonner entierement le Weser, pour me 
 raprocher de mes magazins d'Osnabruck, de Munster et le long 
 de l'Embs, en marchant au secours de Munster, qui se trouve 
 pareillement investi. Je m'attends, du zele que vous portes au 
 bien de la cause commune et aux interets du roi, que vous me 
 dires votre sentiment sur une affaire aussi importente. II se 
 pourait meme qu'au moment que j'ecris celle-ci, que Munster ne 
 fut plus a notre pouvoir. Cela est probabel. Aiant represente 
 en gros le tableau de ma situation presente, j'ose vous prier de 
 me donner votre avis en consequence. II faut que cela soit 
 decide tout de suite, puis que demain il faut que je me porte ou 
 par ma gauche ou par ma droite, en consequence de l'un ou 
 1' autre cas." Holograph. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Prince Ferdinand. 
 
 [1759, July 11.] — If it was absolutely in your Serene 
 Highness' s power to secure Munster, I should strongly advise 
 your abandoning the Weser, and confining yourself to keeping 
 those countries which would best enable us to carry on the war, 
 as I do not conceive that the enemy would venture to establish 
 their winter quarters in Hanover, whereas if they were once in 
 possession of Munster, &c, it would be most difficult to dispossess 
 them. But as your Highness doubts whether Munster is yet in 
 your power to save, I do not hesitate to declare it as my opinion 
 " that it is most for the King's service and the good of the 
 common cause first to attempt the saving our magazines at Nien- 
 burgh, &c, as by that means a battle may ensue, and, if le bon 
 Dieu nous aide, ... I should hope your Serene Highness, 
 in consequence of a victory, would remain master of Westphalia 
 likewise. But if, from further intelligence, your Serene Highness 
 sees it impracticable with any degree of probability to succeed in 
 securing the Weser, and in bringing the enemy to a decisive 
 engagement, what I have said in regard to Munster must weigh 
 down all other considerations, especially as we shall by that 
 means preserve our communication with England and Holland." 
 Draft. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Lord [Holdernesse] . 
 
 1759, July 18. Camp at Oberstadt. — "I have not had an 
 opportunity of writing to your lordship since the 7th of this 
 month from the camp at Dissen. I did then imagine . . . that 
 a general engagement was unavoidable, and I believe the Prince 
 marched with that intention from Dissen to Osnabrugh, in his 
 way to Minden, near which place we expected to have found the 
 enemy, but when we were at Bomte, we received the account of 
 the French having attacked and possessed themselves of Minden, 
 a blow so unexpected and so fatal to the Prince's plan of opera- 
 tions that it immediately reduced him to the necessity of giving 
 up Munster, Osnabrugh and Westphalia and the whole course of 
 the Emms, and by forced marches attempting to save Nienburgh 
 
310 
 
 and keep the Lower Weser as the chief source of his subsistence, 
 or else to return to the Bishoprick of Munster, and by preserving 
 those country s and the great magazines there, abandon, at least 
 for the summer, the Weser and all his Majesty's Electoral 
 dominions. The Prince, I dare say for the best reasons, preferred 
 the plan of protecting the Lower Weser, and by the quickness 
 of his march and his able dispositions, saved Nienburgh and 
 possessed himself of Bremen." He then marched to the enemy, 
 but found them in a position too strong to be forced, especially 
 as the corps under the Due de Broglie, which had been detached 
 for the siege of Hamelin, had, by a forced night march, rejoined 
 Marshal Contades. The army has undergone great fatigue lately, 
 yet " we hear no grumbling or complaint, but the truest spirit 
 and cheerfulness appear upon every occasion." Draft. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Lord [Bute ?] . 
 
 [1759, July 18.] — I cannot recollect whence I last wrote to 
 your Lordship, but since then our situation is so changed for the 
 worse that I did not imagine it could have happened to us with- 
 out loss of a battle. Prince Ferdinand's plan seemed to be the 
 preserving Munster, Osnabrugh, Westphalia, &c, as long as pos- 
 sible without risking a decisive engagement, until we reached 
 Bomte, a march this side Osnabrugh, where our whole force was 
 collected, and we were on the point of marching to the enemy, 
 when the French unexpectedly attacked and carried Minden by 
 assault. " This news found us at Bomte in the most disagreeable 
 and critical position possible. It was necessary however to come 
 to an immediate decision ; the Prince, who seldom asks opinions, 
 was pleased upon that occasion to call upon General Sporcken, 
 General Imhoff and myself to give our thoughts upon the party 
 he was to take. It is not very easy to form opinions without 
 hearing all that the person knows who puts the questions to you 
 . . . however, I never will make difficultys, and I instantly 
 returned my answer. I enclose to you copys of the paper the 
 Prince gave me and what I wrote in answer after putting it into 
 French. . . . 
 
 ' ' I need not beg your Lordship to keep this entirely to yourself, as 
 it is an affair I think it improper for me to write to the Ministry 
 upon, as it is a sort of private transaction. General Sporcken 
 was absolutely for coming hither, Imhoff for returning to 
 Munster, upon a supposition that the enemy must have taken 
 Nienburgh, as we had three marches and they only one 
 forced march to get thither. We were afterwards called upon to 
 talk the affair over . . . and I joined entirely with General 
 Imhoff and was for returning instantly to secure Munster, but 
 however, the other part was taken, and by it we have given up 
 immense magazines, lost winter quarters in a country that would 
 have supply'd us with forrage &c. without expense to the pUblick, 
 and our nearest communications with England and Holland cut 
 off. The Prince however so far has succeeded as by forced 
 marches to have saved Nienburgh ; he has likewise seized 
 
311 
 
 Bremen, and yesterday marched up to the enemy at Minden, 
 . . . found them so strongly posted as made an attack 
 impossible," and has therefore returned to this camp. I fancy the 
 chief reason which led Prince Ferdinand to prefer keeping the 
 Weser to all other considerations was preserving his communica- 
 tions with the King of Prussia. " 1 only wish we may ever see 
 assistance come from that quarter. We certainly must not expect 
 it without some great previous success on that side." 
 
 " As for the Electoral dominions, I sincerely pity the subjects 
 of them, for I am sure the distress that will be brought upon 
 them by having their country the seat of war will be infinitely 
 greater than what they would have suffer 'cl by the contributions 
 that would have been regularly and equally levell'd upon them 
 by the enemy. 
 
 " I see little hopes of mending our situation. The enemy will 
 not fight as long as they can carry all their points without 
 risking a battle, and I confess, in my poor opinion, Marshal 
 Contades has fairly outwitted us. It would be presumption in 
 me to think we could have done better, but I own, when we were 
 at the camp of Dissen, the enemy did seem to have given us an 
 opening which I then wish'd and expected would have been taken 
 by possessing ourselves of a camp between them and Paderborn. 
 . . . Prince Ferdinand, in his conversation with us at Bomte, 
 said that he did not know but he should have done wiser had he 
 risk'd the taking the camp at [blank'] , and added the Hereditary 
 Prince was strongly of that opinion ; but then, said he, I should 
 have exposed my magazines at Osnabrugh." Draft. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Lord [Holdernesse] . 
 
 1759, July 27. Camp at Petershagen. — About six thousand 
 Imperial troops are in Brunswick, raising contributions, and it is 
 feared there are no troops there to oppose their progress. The 
 Prince keeps his army very alert. Every morning the cavalry 
 saddle, the infantry dress, and the pickets are advanced, so there 
 is no danger of a surprise, and if the enemy gives the least open- 
 ing for an attack, the Prince will be ready to take advantage of it. 
 Copy. 
 
 Lord Holdernesse to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1759, July 31. Whitehall— Has received his letter of the 
 17th (? 18) inst. and laid it before the King, who laments the 
 untimely loss of Minden. The enemy still continue to threaten 
 an invasion of England. Signed. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 1759, August 10. Whitehall.— Congratulates him on the 
 glorious success of his Majesty's arms on the 1st inst., and rejoices 
 that their losses were not considerable. On Capt. Ligonier's 
 arrival the earliest notice possible was given to those who had 
 relations at the army. The arrival of Colonel Fitzroy is awaited 
 with the utmost impatience. Signed. 
 
312 
 
 XIII.— MINDEN PAPERS. 
 
 Papers Relating to the Battle of Minden and the 
 Trial of Lord George Sackville. 
 
 These papers include the King's warrant for the trial, dated 
 27th January, 1760 ; the Attorney General's and the Solicitor 
 General's report to the Earl of Holderness, dated 12th January, 
 1760, and observations thereon ; opinions, questions to various 
 officers present at the Battle of Minden and their answers, and 
 questions put to witnesses in cross-examination by Lord George 
 Sackville : declarations of witnesses : list of officers to be 
 summoned from Germany and in England : Lord George 
 Sackville's reply to the Judge Advocate : his defence and notes 
 on the evidence, &c, in his handwriting : memorandum in 
 French of the orders given by Prince Ferdinand, and other 
 correspondence, observations and papers. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Prince Ferdinand. 
 
 1759, August 2. Camp at Minden. — " Pardonnes que j'avoue 
 a V. A. S. que j'ai recu comme un coup de foudre les ordres 
 qu'il lui a plut a donner aujourdjui ; j'y suis si sensible et je m'y 
 vois si fortement interresse qu'il faut pour mon repos que je prens 
 la liberte de lui conter le fait simplement comme il est arrive. 
 
 " J'ai recu ordre par M. Malhorti de former et d'avancer toute 
 la Cavalerie ; peu de terns apres, un autre ordre me vint de faire 
 avancer la Cavalerie Brittanique seulement ; ces deux ordres 
 suivirent de si pres qu'ils m'embarrasserent un peu, j'envoiois 
 cependant la faire faire le detour du Bois, et apprennant que 
 V. A. n'etait pas eloigne, je pris le parti d'aller moi meme lui 
 faire rapport de ce qui se passoit, et demander ses instructions 
 ulterieures, ce qui ne tarda nullement l'execution des premiers. 
 
 " L 'ordre que je donnois a mylord Granby de faire halte 
 c'etait tousjours dans le dessein d'obeir aux votres en gardant 
 l'alignement, qui ne dura surement que tres peu de terns, autant 
 seulement qui etoit necessaire a cet effet. Je lui donnai apres 
 pour la meme raison le meme ordre, il me fit dire qu'il avoit recu 
 ceux de V. A. de s'avancer et il le fit effectivement, et je me 
 pressai avec la droite pour m'aligner avec lui, jusqu'ace que nous 
 arrivames ou nous etions ordonne derriere l'lnfanterie, et il le me 
 parut meme dans ce moment qu'il ne me devanca point ; mylord 
 Granby me rendra sur ces articles justice, et m'autorise de lui 
 dire qu'il est pret a rendre son temoignage ladessus a Y. A. en 
 ma presence. V. A. aura la bonte de faire de meme, et comme 
 je ne scaurai me persuader qu'elle voudroit me nuire a un tel 
 point dans l'armee et dans le monde, elle voudra dans les ordres 
 de demain me retablir dans l'opinion de tous les deux. C'est une 
 grace que je vous demande puisque ceux d'aujourdjui semblent 
 me condamner sans me nommer, et je l'espere d'autant plus, 
 puisque si V. A. avoit vu elle -meme ma situation, et tout ce que 
 j'y fis, elle ne m'auroit pas cru coupable. Si je l'ai ete, c'etoit 
 surement mon malheur et non mon intention." Endorsed by 
 Lord George. " Copy of letter to P. Ferdinand." 
 
313 
 
 Prince Ferdinand to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1759, August 3. Minden. — " Je suis mortifie, mylord, d'entrer 
 avec vous en explication sur une mattiere aussi desagreable que 
 celle qui fait le sujet de la lettre que vous m'aves fait parvenir 
 hier au soir par voire aide de camp Kieth, apres une conversation 
 deja tres desagreable qui avait precedee avec l'aide de camp 
 general Haddam, l'apres midi, ou il m'a parle de votre part sur 
 le meme sujet. J'ai cru dans cette conversation d'avoir epuise 
 tout ce qu'il y avoit a repondre sur une matiere pareille, sans me 
 voir oblige a en venir a de nouvelles explications. 
 
 " Je vous dires done tout simplement que je n'ai pu voir avec 
 indifference ce qui s'est fait avec la Cavallerie de la droite. Vous 
 commandes tout le Corps Brittannique, ainsi votre poste fixe ne 
 devoit pas etre seul la Cavallerie, mais vous devies egalement 
 conduire les uns et les autres suivant que vous en trouvies 
 l'occasion pour cooperer a la reussite d'une journee si glorieuse 
 pour Parmee. 
 
 " Je vous ai fourni la plus belle occasion pour profiter et pour 
 faire decider le sort de cette journee, si mes ordres avoient ete 
 rempli au pied de la lettre. Le temoignage que j'ai rendu a my 
 lord Granby je le lui dois par ce qu'il le merite a tous egards et 
 qu'il me Pa marque dans tant d'occasions. Ce n'est pas une regie 
 que puisque je loue l'un que je blame Pautre. Mais il ne me peut 
 pas etre indifferent si mes ordres ne s'executent point, et qu'on 
 ne veut ajouter foi aux porteurs de cet ordre. Je vous prie, my 
 lord, de me despenser d'entrer dans un plus long detaille, ni de 
 revocquer a l'ordre des choses de la verite de la quelle je suis 
 persuade, et du sens que j'y attache. Je crois, mylord, que je 
 vous ai tou jours donne des preuves distingues de ma facon de 
 penser sur votre sujet, et avec le meme droit j'a lieu d'etre tres 
 peu satisfait de l'inexecution de mes ordres. A quoi je dois 
 l'attribuer je Pignore, et j'en suspens mon jugement. Du reste 
 j'ai l'honneur d'etre," &c. Holograph. 
 
 Lord Holdernesse to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1759, August 14. Whitehall. — Acknowledging his letter of 
 the 2nd, containing an account of the glorious victory on the 
 1st, and stating that the King is pleased io comply with his 
 Lordship's desire to quit his command, which is to be taken by 
 Lord Granby. Signed. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Prince Ferdinand. 
 
 1759, August 22. Camp at Frankenberg. — " Le courier vient 
 de m'apporter l'ordre du Koi de laisser a mylord Granby le 
 commanclement des Troupes Brittaniques en Allemagne, et sa 
 permission de retourner en Angleterre ; j'y suis represente 
 comme un homme des plus coupables ; il est surement impossible 
 que V. A. Pa voulu pousser a ce point la, il a cependant pris ce pli, 
 et innocent ou coupable je me vois le plus malheureux des 
 
 * ? Adjutant-General Hotham. 
 
814 
 
 homines. Je me crois le premier, si Votre Altesse juge le con- 
 traire ma conscience est ma ressource, cependant je ne doute pas 
 que sa justice ne lui porte a me declarer sur quel point j'ai pu 
 manquer si essentiellement pour m'attirer une punition mille 
 fois pire que la mort. 
 
 " N'ayant plus de commandement ici il n'est guerres necessaire 
 a dire a V. A. que je dois partir au plutot." Copy. 
 
 Prince Ferdinand to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1759, August 22. Franckenberg. — " Je n'ai fait aucune men- 
 tion de V. E. dans mes lettres que j'ai ecrites en Angleterre, ni 
 immediatement apres la battaille ni les premiers quinze jours 
 suivants. Vous voyes par la mylord que ce n'est pas moi qui 
 ait donne ce pli a vos affaires dont vous vous plaignes. 
 
 " Je n'ai ecrit a Sa Majeste sur votre sujet que de Stadtbergen, 
 apres que je me fusse apercu que les propos que vous tenies a 
 l'armee pouvoient y alterer cette harmonie qui y doit regner. 
 Cette lettre etant a peine arrivee a Londres n'y est venu qu'apres 
 coup. 
 
 " Eendes enfin justice, mylord, a ma fa9on de penser, Je ne 
 tr ouve aucun plaisir ni interet a vous nuire, mais je ne saurois 
 me dispenser cle dire les choses commes elles sont des que le 
 service l'exige." Holograph. 
 
 Lord Bute to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1759 [before Sept. 7]. — "Lord Bute's compliments attend 
 Lord George Sackville. He cannot help thinking the letter he pro- 
 poses to send extrem'ly proper, and the latter part penn'd with a 
 spirit and dignity becoming his Lordship's rank and situation ; 
 business prevents his enlarging at present on the subject, he 
 shall take care to convey the papers back again to Lord George." 
 Holograph. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Lord Holdernesse. 
 
 1759, September 7. Pall Mall.— " I have the honour of 
 acquainting your Lordship with my arrival in England in pur- 
 suance of his Majesty's permission sent to me at my request by 
 your Lordship. 
 
 " I thought myself much injured abroad by an imply 'd censure 
 upon my conduct, I find I am still more unfortunate at home, by 
 being publicly represented as having neglected my duty in the 
 strongest manner by disobeying the positive orders of H.S.H. 
 Prince Ferdinand. As I am concious of neither neglect nor dis- 
 obedience of orders, as I am certain I did my duty to the utmost 
 of my abilitys, and as I am persuaded that the Prince himself, 
 had he condescended to have enquired into my conduct before he 
 had express'd his disapprobation of it from the partial representa- 
 tion of others, would have found that he had no just cause of 
 complaint against me, I therefore most humbly request that I 
 may at last have a public opportunity given me of attempting to 
 justify myself to his Majesty and to my country, by a Court 
 Martial being appointed, that if I am guilty I may suffer such 
 
315 
 
 punishment as I may have deserved, and if innocent that 1 may 
 stand acquitted in the opinion of the world, but it is really too 
 severe to have been censured unheard, to have been condemned 
 before I was try'd, and to be informed neither of my crime nor of 
 my accusers." Draft. 
 
 Lord Holdernesse to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1759, September 8. Sion Hill. — " I have received the honour 
 of your Lordship's letter of the 7th inst., and shall not fail to lay 
 it before the King, and to acquaint your Lordship with his 
 Majesty's farther pleasure as soon as I can receive his com- 
 mands." Holograph. 
 
 William Pitt to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1759, September 9. — " I have the honour of a letter from your 
 Lordship, with a copy of one from you to Lord Holdernesse, 
 requesting that a publick opportunity may be given you of 
 justifying your conduct by a Court Martial, wherein I wish your 
 Lordship all success. You are pleased to make very undeserved 
 acknowledgements for such offices only of common candour and 
 humanity as I was able, consistently with my duty to the King 
 and zeal for the service, to employ ; but these offices went no 
 farther than using endeavours that your Lordship might return 
 from your command, by his Majesty's permission, not by order. 
 I hope you will think it is the same temper of mind which at 
 present compells me to deal frankly on this very unhappy and 
 delicate occasion, where delusion might prove dangerous. 
 
 " Give me leave then to say that I find myself (from the turn 
 of your Lordship's letter) under the painfull necessity of declaring 
 my infinite concern, at not having been able to find, either from 
 Captain Smith's conversation or from your own state (sic) of 
 facts, any room (as I wish't) for me to offer support, with regard 
 to a conduct, which my incompetence perhaps to judge of military 
 questions leaves me at a loss to account for. I cannot enough 
 lament the subject of a correspondence, so unlike everything I 
 had wish't, to a person for whose advantageous situation my 
 poor endeavours had not been wanting." Holograph. [Printed 
 in the Chatham Correspondence, from Pitt's draft.'] 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Lord Bute. 
 
 1759, September 9, Pall Mall. — " You may easily conceive the 
 distress I must be under in my unhappy situation in having no 
 opportunity of advising with your Lordship, who has shewn your- 
 self so much my friend upon this occasion. The melancholy 
 scene you are engaged in makes many apologys necessary for my 
 attempting to draw a moment of your attention to my business, 
 but I think it very material that your Lordship should be 
 acquainted with what has passed since I last wrote to you. I 
 sent without delay (after I receiv'd your answer) my letter to 
 
 * Elizabeth, 2nd daughter of Frederick, (late) Prince of Wales, died on Sept. 4, 
 1759. 
 
316 
 
 Lord Holdernesse requesting a Court Martial. I did it upon 
 hearing that in the temper his Majesty was in he might probably 
 as soon as he heard of my arrival in town dismiss me from his 
 service, especially as I might expect no assistance from any of 
 the Ministers, because whatever tended to my justification must 
 in a degree reflect upon the character of Prince Ferdinand, and 
 that it was necessary at all events to support him in the fullest 
 glory both in regard to the closet and the carrying on with good 
 humour that expensive part of the war. 
 
 " This appeared so natural and so ministerial that I saw, not- 
 withstanding the justice of my cause, the infinite difficulty s truth 
 would have to struggle with, and I imagined nothing tended more 
 towards its meeting with a favourable hearing than my immediate 
 offer and request of bringing my cause to a legal decision. 
 
 " I thought it proper to acquaint Mr. Pitt with the step I had 
 taken, and sent him a copy of my letter to Lord Holdernesse and 
 an apology for not waiting upon him and thanking him for the 
 attention he had shown to what my aid-de-camp had said to 
 him, and the support I had receiv'd from him. This I said, as 
 I understood he had at first taken my part in some degree in the 
 closet. I have just now had his answer, and I find my 
 intelligence about ministerial support too well founded. 
 
 " I take the liberty of sending you a copy of his letter to me. 
 If any thing coud make me doubt of my own innocence it is his 
 strong declaration against me ; it would have been more kind 
 had he first permitted me to have explained my own story to him 
 or even admitted Capt. Smith to have spoke more fully upon the 
 subject, but I thank God I do not yet feel myself sink under my 
 misfortunes, and I still trust that truth will prevail and that your 
 Lordship will see me deserving of your friendship and support." 
 Copy. 
 
 Lord Holdernesse to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1759, Sept. 10. — Whitehall. — The King desires me to inform 
 you that as you did not demand a Court Martial while in 
 Germany, it must now be deferred until the officers capable of 
 giving evidence can leave their posts, when, if you still wish it, 
 his Majesty will certainly comply with your request. Signed. 
 
 Lord Barrington to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1759, Sept. 10.. War Office.—" I have received his Majesty's 
 commands to let you know that he has no further occasion for 
 your service as Lieut.- General and Colonel of Dragoon Guards. 
 I am concerned that I have no better occasion to assure your 
 Lordship, &c." Signed. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Lord Holdernesse. 
 
 1759, Dec. 1. Pall Mall. — Renewing his request for a Court 
 Martial, as the allied army is about to go into winter quarters, 
 and he hopes he may then be indulged in his request without 
 inconvenience to his Majesty's service. Copy. 
 
317 
 
 Lord Holdernesse to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1759, Dec. 3. Whitehall. — As it is a question of law whether 
 his Lordship is amenable to a Court Martial or no, the King has 
 directed a proper reference to be made, and if it can be done, 
 will grant his request. Signed. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1760, January 15. Whitehall, — Sends a copy of the Report 
 of the Attorney and Solicitor General, by which he will see upon 
 what points, under the Mutiny Act, an officer may be tried in 
 Great Britain for a military offence committed abroad.. As there 
 is no specific charge exhibited against his Lordship, and he has 
 requested the Court Martial to justify his conduct, he is desired 
 to state in what manner he proposes to take the benefit of the 
 same. Signed. 
 
 Enclosing } 
 
 Copy of Report above-mentioned, signed by Sir C. Pratt and 
 Hon. C. Yorke, and giving their opinion that an officer may 
 be tried by Court Martial, although he has been dismissed 
 from the army, but that he can only be tried in Great 
 Britain for certain offences committed abroad, viz : un- 
 licensed correspondence with the enemy, using violence to a 
 superior officer or disobeying Ids commands, and desertion. 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Lord Holdernesse. 
 
 1760, January 17. Pall Mall. — Expressing his astonishment 
 that Prince Ferdinand should have reflected upon his conduct so 
 strongly as to induce the King to show him the heaviest marks of 
 his displeasure, and yet should have exhibited no specific charge 
 against him; and requesting that his Majesty will be pleased to 
 direct him to be prosecuted for whatever crime he is supposed 
 to be guilty of. As he is conscious of no crime, he must wait 
 to hear the accusation and know his accusers before he can offer 
 his defence. Copy. 
 
 Lord Holdernesse to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1760, January 22. Whitehall. — Stating that his Majesty has 
 given directions for the appointment of a Court Martial. Signed. 
 
 Charles Gould, Judge Advocate, to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1760, January 27. Privy Garden. — Informing him that the 
 charge against him is that of disobeying the orders of Prince 
 Ferdinand, which, by his Majesty's commission and instructions, 
 he was bound to obey and execute; and requesting the names of 
 any material witnesses whom he desires should be summoned 
 from the office. Signed. 
 
318 
 
 Lord George Sackville to Charles Gould. 
 
 1760, January 27. — Enclosing a list of witnesses material for 
 the defence. Would have desired others of greater rank, but 
 feared their absence from the army might be prejudicial to his 
 Majesty's service. If however any of the general officers should 
 be in England at the time of his trial, he hopes he may be allowed 
 to call upon them if needful. Copy. 
 
 Enclosing, 
 
 A list of officers to be summoned from Germany, viz. : — 
 Lieut.-Col. Hotham, Adjutant-general. 
 
 Major Kieth, commanding the Highlanders, formerly aide-de- 
 camp to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 Capt. 'Hugo, in the Hanoverian service. Formerly aide-de- 
 camp to Lord George, now to Lord Granby. 
 
 Capt. Joseph Broome. Formerly aide-de-camp to Lord George, 
 (as Lie ut- General of the Ordnance), now to Lord Granby. 
 
 Capt. McBean, Royal Regiment oj Artillery. 
 
 Major Hepburn. In command of the Inniskillings the day of 
 the action. 
 
 Capt. Wilson, aide-de-camp to General Waldegrave. 
 Lieut. Sutherland, of the Welsh Fusiliers. 
 Lieut. Bisset, assistant Quarter -master general. 
 Capt. Faucit, aide-de-camp to the late Gen. Elliott. 
 Lieut.-Col. Preston, of the Scots Greys. 
 Lieut.-Col. Mocher, of Gen. Hoivard's Dragoons. 
 Capt. Callis, of Blands, acting as Major of Brigade on 
 August 1st. 
 
 Lieuts. Hartnell and Whitefoorde, Inniskilling Regiment. 
 Capt. Shafto, Col- Boscawen's regiment. 
 
 Capts. John Smith and Richard Lloyd, late aides-de-camp to 
 Lord George. 
 
 Capts. Philips and Williams, Royal Regiment of Artillery. 
 Colonel Oughton. 
 Questions offered to the above-named officers, with notes of 
 their replies, mostly in Lord George Sackville' s handwriting. 
 
 Charles Gould to Lord George Sackville. 
 
 1760, February 24. Privy Garden. — Fixing the Court Martial 
 for Friday next, at 10 a.m., at the Judge Advocate's Office in 
 the New Buildings at the Horse Guards. Believes that by that 
 time the witnesses from Germany will have arrived, and will 
 readily summon any others in England whom his Lordship may 
 desire. 
 
 Papers in defence of Lord George Sackville. 
 
 (1.) A MS. in the form of a letter (of 44 pages and incomplete) 
 without date, entitled as follows : — 
 
 " A letter to the right honorable Lord George Sackville, which 
 detects and lays open the infamy of the proceedings against his 
 Lordship." Headed by the following lines : — 
 
319 
 
 " Shall men, like figures, pass for high or base, 
 Slight, or important, only by their place ? 
 Titles are marks of honest men, and wise ; 
 The fool, or knave, that wears a title, lyes. 
 They that on glorious ancestors enlarge, 
 Produce their debt, instead of their discharge, 
 Sackville, let those who proudly boast their line 
 Like thee, in worth hereditary, shine." 
 
 Young." 
 
 (2.) Another MS. without title or writer's name. On the same 
 subject as the above. 30 pp. Draft, much corrected. 
 
 Begins. " Swift somewhere says that he ' never knew a man 
 who could not bear the misfortunes of another perfectly like a 
 Christian.' 
 
 Ends. ' Actuated without prejudice and without favour, a 
 stranger to Lord George Sackville and ever like so to be, these 
 are my sentiments, . . . and if what is here advanced should 
 induce one honest man only to think as favourably of his lordship 
 as I do, I shall think myself happy in this instance of having 
 done as I would be done unto.' " 
 
 (3.) A MS. entitled " Lord George Sackville's conduct con- 
 sidered and humbly recommended to the Public by a Desirer of 
 Truth." 29 pages, signed T.E. 
 
 Begins. " Though it is an observation of Foreign Authors 
 that England (so much taken up with caballing) never knows to 
 do honour to her greatest men . . . Yet I could not have 
 supposed there was a reasonable being but what had long been 
 convinced . . . that Lord George Sackville had been most 
 injuriously treated in the affair of Minden." 
 
 Ends. " No man ever behaved so great and so amiable 
 under such circumstances as Lord G. S., no recompense can 
 compensate for his suffering or equal his virtues, no retalliation 
 too publick or too great for his honour. His uprightness, faith- 
 fullness and abilities have been distinguished with the confidence 
 of his Sovereign ; the public affairs want his counsels ; his 
 honesty and firmness deserve the esteem and affection of his 
 country." 
 
 (4.) An account of Lord George Sackville written for insertion 
 in the Peerage, apparently in 1765, and copy correspondence 
 on the subject. 
 
 Lieut. William Hyde to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1775, December 26. Calcutta. — Having lately purchased at a 
 sale a History of the late war with marginal notes in General 
 Kingsley's own hand, throwing a very different light on many 
 transactions, and especially on the battle of Minden, he has taken 
 
320 
 
 the liberty of sending them by the Hillsborough, and hopes the 
 book will reach his Lordship safely. 
 
 Annexed, 
 
 "Extract from the Compleat History of the late War, in 
 2 vols., printed in 1763, the author not mentioned. " 
 
 " On the 31st [of July] in the evening, the Prince [Ferdinand] 
 " further ordered that at one o'clock the next morning the army 
 " should be ready to march." 
 
 Margin. " This had been ordered for several nights before, 
 so that P. Ferdinand had not more reason to think of an 
 action the next day than for several others before. 
 
 " On the 31st, at 6 in the evening, a grand Council of War was 
 "held at Marshal de Contades' quarters. . . . The Marshal 
 " gave the Generals the order of the march." 
 
 Margin. " The best digested I ever saw. We received none 
 from P. Ferdinand, nor did he seem to put that confidence 
 in Generals to be so explicit, as he seldom or never intrusted 
 any with the order of battle. Let those reconcile this con- 
 duct who can. 
 
 " Marshal Contades formed the whole plan of the action upon a 
 " supposition that D. Ferdinand, having removed the greatest 
 1 ' part of his army so far to the right of Hill [Hille] , was at too 
 " great a distance from Wangenheim to succour him." 
 
 Margin . " Th ere was no part of the army to the right of Hill, 
 nor no other regiments {which were (sic) Napier's and 
 Kingsley's) near it, and which covered the Duke's quarters. 
 
 " The whole French army was marching into the plain of 
 " Minden by five o'clock in the morning." 
 
 Margin. " The enemy were well formed by three in the morn- 
 ing. Had they instantly march ed forward, o ur whole army 
 had been surprized and must have been totally destroyed. 
 The Prince of Anhalt, General [officer"] of that day, lost two 
 hours by not sending the deserters who gave him intimation 
 of the enemy's being in motion to Prince Ferdinand sooner, 
 not putting confidence in them. 
 
 " I before mentioned that the Duke gave orders in the evening 
 " of the 31st of July, for the army to be ready to march at one 
 " o'clock the next morning. ... By some mistake the order 
 " was not brought to Lord George Sackville,t so that instead of 
 " the horses being saddled at one o'clock . . . they were not 
 " saddled before four." 
 
 Margin.^ " Nor, I believe, to any other general officer. 
 " The order [to march] speedily was put in execution, although 
 " it was not brought to Lord George Sackville by another mistake, 
 " so that the army was drawn up in lines before he knew anything 
 
 * In the MS., Col. Kingsley's marginal notes are given in red ink. Only so much 
 of the " Extracts" is here printed as is needful to explain Kingsley's remarks, 
 f These notes relate to passages not quoted. 
 
321 
 
 of the matter ; but the French having raised a battery at 
 Eichhorst, which played early in the morning on some out 
 posts on the right of the Hanoverian army . . . the firing 
 waked his Lordship,! and being informed that the army was 
 formed, he immediately repaired to the head of the line." 
 
 Margin. Q Hill, Prince Ferdinand's quarters, covered icith 
 
 Kingsley's and Napier s regiments, three miles from cam}). 
 t The firing did not wake his Lordship. The moment I heard 
 it, I sent to know whether his Lordship heard, or what orders 
 he had received. The messenger brought me back word that 
 no orders were come, as the Serjeant of his Lordship's guard 
 told him that everything was quiet, and his Lordship in bed. 
 But it is certain he was in time at his post. 
 "Between six and seven, the whole allied army drew up in 
 order of battle, having its right, consisting of cavalry under 
 L ord George Sackville, extended toward the village of Hartum ; 
 its centre was composed of infantry, and its left of General 
 Wangenheim's corps and some German cavalry." 
 
 Margin. This order of battle was never form'd. It ivas 
 indeed intended, but wether by the tardiness of, or obstacle to, 
 the columns of the left in their marching, they never join'd 
 the column of Brittish and Hanoverian troops on the right 
 till they alone had drove the enemy out of the field. 
 " About seven o'clock, the French began to fire upon a battery 
 in the front of the right wing of the allied army, from one in 
 front of their left wing, but as soon as the English artillery 
 was prepared, it returned their fire, and in less than ten 
 minutes silenced those guns of the enemy's." 
 
 Margin. The English artillery did not silence those guns till 
 toward the end of the action. 
 " In the mean time, D. Ferdinand . . . ordered the infantry 
 of his centre to advance against the centre of the French, which 
 consisted of the flower of their cavalry, and who anticipated the 
 shock of the Allies by attacking their infantry." 
 
 Margin. The Infantry of the center never came up. The 
 attack was made by the Brittish only; the Hanoverian 
 guards sustained [thein] ; the battle was over and the enemy 
 beat before the center of the Infantry arrived. 
 " Such was the unshaken firmness of these troops [the 
 English and Hanoverian foot] . . . that nothing could stop 
 them ; they cut to pieces several bodies of the enemy's cavalry, 
 and entirely routed the whole of it. The Saxon foot, which 
 were on the left of the French horse, made a show of coming 
 down on those conquering regiments . . . but they vanished 
 before the English infantry." 
 
 Margin. They did actually come down, and very gallantly 
 attacked Kingsley's regiment, and which at first retreated, 
 after losing a great number of men ; but on the regiment's 
 rallying again, and being supported by a fresh battalion of 
 Hanoverian Guards, they were in their turn repulsed. The 
 enemy's cavalry were at this time beat out of the field. 
 
 21250 X 
 
322 
 
 "The English regiments, Kingsley's, Napier's, Stuart's, 
 "Huske's and Brudenel's [and Home's, inserted by Kingsley'], but 
 "especially the three former, the Hanoverian Guards and 
 " Hardenberg's regiment, all behaved to admiration." 
 
 Margin. I never saw Hardenberg's in the action, nor were 
 the Hanoverians in the heat of it ; as they march' d in the 
 rear of the right column they could not be up time enough to 
 assist but in supporting. Their loss will shew this. 
 " Kingsley was wounded at the head of his brave regiment and 
 " fell off his horse ; a squadron of French cavalry rode over him 
 " without his receiving any hurt ; as he was lying on the ground, 
 " a French soldier was going to run him through with his 
 " bayonet, but he discovered himself, was taken prisoner, and 
 " afterward retaken by his own men." 
 
 Margin. Kingsley did not fall from his horse. His horse 
 was shot in four places, fell with and died upon him. Neither 
 was he taken prisoner, tho' the Saxon troops marched twice 
 over him. They were twice going to shoot him, he did not 
 discover himself, but at length disentangled himself from his 
 horse and rejoined his regiment and brigade. 
 " Lieut.-Colonel Harvey, of the Inniskilling dragoons, meeting 
 "with Fischer (the famous partizan), struck his head off at one 
 " blow with his broad sword, &c, &c, &c." 
 
 Margin. This is false. Fischer was not in the action, and is 
 now alive (1763). Neither did the attack answer our expecta- 
 tion. The Hereditary Prince was not concerned in the action ; 
 there was but one regiment which ivas Fischer's, so that it was 
 impossible there coidd be a loss equal to what the author 
 says. Q 
 
 "The 18th of September a detachment from the Allied army 
 "made themselves masters of Witzlar, but were soon after 
 "dislodged by the Duke of Broglio." 
 
 Margin. The enemy were not dislodged by us from Witzler. 
 It is an imperial city, and a strict neutrality ivas observed ; 
 and had Prince Ferdinand accepted a neutrality for 
 Grizzen, which ivas offered by the Prince of Hesse Darm- 
 stadt, it would have been better policy, and have saved more 
 lives than we lost at Minden, and were obliged, after an ill- 
 timed blockade, to quit it. 
 " In the meantime the Duke of Broglio, who, having obtained 
 " the Marshal's staff now commanded the French army, &c, &c." 
 Margin. The Duke of Broglio did not return from his can- 
 tonment in order to attack us at Coosdorpe, but to fling in a 
 fresh garrison to Grizzen, ivhich lie actually did, by which 
 the useless and indeed silly blockade we had made was ren- 
 dered abortive* 
 
 N.B. Under the plan of the battle of Minden is wrote : A very 
 accurate plan. William Kingsley. 
 
 Certified by Lieut. Hyde as a very accurate copy. 
 
 These notes partly relate to passages not quoted by Hyde. 
 
323 
 
 XIII. — LETTERS OF RICHARD CUMBERLAND AND 
 OTHERS TO LORD GEORGE SACKVILLE. 
 
 Letters from Mr. Richard Cumberland and Mr. Hussey, 
 employed on behalf of the English Government on a mission to 
 the Spanish Court, to Lord George Germain, with others. 
 
 Richard Cumberland to Lord G. Germain. 
 
 1778, January 22. — On the hearing of the cause against 
 Macnamara, and other matters. There seems to be " a pro and 
 con" between Lords Warwick and Hertford, in which the King 
 is a party. 
 
 William Wardlaw to [Lord George Germain]. 
 
 1779, June 8. — " I take the liberty of acquainting your Lord- 
 ship that I have received the following information partly from 
 the Spanish Ambassador's private secretary and partly from Mr. 
 Hussey, who has been chaplain successively to Prince Masserano 
 and the Marquis d'Almodavar, and who is much in the esteem 
 and confidence of the Court of Madrid, as I have been told by the 
 Ambassador, and as appears by several letters from thence to 
 him, particularly by those of Count Florida Blanca, one of whose 
 mentions that the King of Spain had ordered Mr. Hussey a pen- 
 sion of five hundred and sixty ducats annually, which, however, 
 he says he has not accepted. 
 
 "A treaty offensive and defensive was concluded about a year 
 and a half since between the Courts of Madrid and Lisbon, in 
 consequence of which they are assured that the Portuguese 
 Envoy will be recalled in a few weeks from London. 
 
 " They say they have undoubted information that orders have 
 been despatch'd to Sir Edward Hughes to proceed with his fleet 
 to the Phillippine Islands, and that a plan is laid down for his 
 operations there, particularly that he is not to invest the city of 
 Manilla till he shall have made himself master of the harbour. 
 
 " Several paragraphs have been inserted by their desire in the 
 ' Morning Post,' a paper which has for some time been under 
 Spanish influence. 
 
 "I have prevailed on them to lay aside a design they had 
 form'd of publishing an account of the second answer which was 
 given to the Spanish ultimatum, as well as of the reception which 
 that answer met with at Madrid. I have reason to suspect that 
 this design originated at Lord Traquair's table, and that its author 
 was Mr. Edmund Burke, whose motion for the papers relative to 
 the Spanish negociation was suggested by Mr. Hussey, who is one 
 of his most intimate friends, and who gave him constant informa- 
 tion of all the transactions between his Majesty's ministers and 
 the ambassador. 
 
 " They are exceedingly dispirited at the news from Ireland, as 
 all their accounts from the trading parts of that kingdom 
 
324 
 
 represent it to be in a state of tranquillity. This much is certain, 
 that all the ships from England in the port of Dublin have landed 
 their cargoes without the slightest molestation from the mob, and 
 that at least fifteen vessels are now loading there for different 
 ports of this country, most of them for London. 
 
 "They are in great anxiety about the Ambassador's private 
 secretary, not knowing to what cause they are to impute the 
 order he has receiv'd from Sir Stanier Porten.* They are 
 apprehensive that his person is to be detain'd and his papers 
 seized, and have desired me to endeavour by every possible 
 means to discover what the intentions of Government are, but I 
 have told them my inabillity even to make such an attempt. 
 
 " Should your Lordship please to honor me with any com- 
 mands during Mr. Cumberland's absence, I live in Pall Mall, next 
 house to the Koyal Hotel." 
 
 William Wardlaw to [Kichard Cumberland ?] . 
 
 1779, Aug. 9. 18, Portland Street, Soho.— " Sir, not having 
 obtained your permission to write to you, I should not have pre- 
 sumed to give you this trouble if I did not think that the subject 
 was a powerful excuse for my boldness. During your absence I 
 have constantly informed Lord George Germain of everything in 
 which the State was concerned in the conversations I have had 
 with Mr. Hussey, and I should have done so upon this occasion 
 if I did not find myself in a dilemma from which I can be 
 extricated only by the directions which I am to receive, and 
 which perhaps, his Lordship might not chuse to send me. 
 
 "Mr. H. informs me that he has received advice that an 
 immediate descent is intended on the coast of Ireland, where the 
 protection of Spain is to be offered to such of the inhabitants as 
 shall declare for independency. This resolution he says is 
 sudden, and has been formed in consequence of some assurances of 
 meditated revolt given to the Court of Madrid by the agent, who 
 (as I had the honor of acquainting you some time since), was sent 
 thither by the people who had been gained by Dr. Franklin's 
 emissaries in the north of Ireland. Mr. H. still declares that no 
 person of consequence has engaged in this association, but that 
 the most flattering temptations are to be held out to Lord Bella- 
 mont, as they have conceived great hopes from his necessitous 
 circumstances and his disgust, though he acknowledges that this 
 nobleman has given no personal encouragement, but I have good 
 reason to suspect that he has been sounded. 
 
 " Count Pignatelli has received orders from his Court to send 
 couriers to the continent as often as Mr. H. shall have any 
 intelligence worth communicating, but he tells Mr. H. that he 
 cannot depend upon the man he employs in that business, nor 
 will Mr. H. place any confidence in the Count, whom he suspects 
 (as the late ambassador did) of being an interested friend to his 
 Majesty's ministers. Mr. H., therefore, had formed a design of 
 
 * Under Secretary of State for the Southern department. 
 
325 
 
 going to Paris to confer with Dr. Franklin, Count d'Aranda, and 
 the Marquis d'Almodavar, who is still in France; but finding 
 his residence necessary here he has quitted that intention and 
 wishes that I would go in his stead. Under pretence of consult- 
 ing the surgeon who has the care of my sore leg, I have 
 defer 'd my determination for a few days, hoping that you will 
 be so very condescending as to direct me. I need not point out 
 to your descernment the advantages that may be derived from 
 such an opportunity of obtaining intelligence of the utmost 
 moment, especially at this juncture, when I am sure of 
 possessing a credit which perhaps may not remain long in its 
 present state. Mr. H. wishes me to carry over a compleat state 
 of the navy, a plan of the new battery at Gibraltar with its 
 subterraneans, the state of the stores in the different naval 
 magazines, and a list of the stores on board the Ordnance 
 ships going to the Mediterranean. These I either am possessed 
 of or can easily obtain ; but he would also have me get a list of 
 the effective land forces at home and abroad, and the militia, 
 together with the provincial troops in his Majesty's service in 
 America ; and, if possible by any means, and at any expence, to 
 procure authentic information of the agreement between us and 
 Holland. The former I believe I could get, but the latter I have 
 no possible means of acquiring, though I confess that if it was 
 not against the interest of Government to have it known I would 
 be very glad to be master of a secret which might put me in 
 possession of a sum sufficient to relieve me from all my difficulties, 
 and which, by the addition which it must necessarily make to 
 my credit, would enable me to serve the State essentially without 
 encreasing the public expences. But I am very far from flatter- 
 ing myself with hopes of being favoured with an unmerited con- 
 fidence. I can only assure you that rinding myself deceived and 
 even betrayed by the two men in whom I most trusted I have 
 ever since observed the most religious secrecy, from which I am 
 determined never to swerve in any future transaction of my life. 
 
 "As in lodgings I was too liable to be w T atched, Mr. H. has 
 engaged me to take a house, and assisted me with money to buy 
 furniture. It is in Portland Street, Soho, No. 18, where I humbly 
 request that you will be so good as to direct to me, and as Mr. 
 H. wishes to know my resolution either Wednesday evening or 
 early on Thursday, it would expedite the business if you would 
 be so good as to send your orders by the diligence or stage, for 
 if I am to go it must be by Saturday's Ostend packet." 
 
 J. Gall to Lord George Germain. 
 
 • 1779, September 6. No. 7, Spring Gardens. — Observations on 
 the war with Spain. 
 
 Richard Cumberland to the Same. 
 
 1779, November 19. — "I waited on Mr. H[ussey] this morning 
 after I had seen your Lordship, and began my conversation by 
 telling him that perfect credit was given him for the purity of his 
 
326 
 
 motives in the proposal he had made thro' my means. I 
 premised to him that what I was about to say to him must 
 be received not as the concurrent sense of the King's ministers 
 but rather as your Lordship's observations upon his ideas 
 expressed in the proposal. That it must be known to him that 
 G [reat] B [ritain] had not sought a rupture with Spain, but that 
 the Court of Madrid was altogether responsible, as the undeniable 
 aggressor, for the interruption of that harmony which subsisted 
 till the departure of the Spanish Ambassador. Mr. H. gave full 
 assent to this. I proceeded to observe to him, that upon this 
 position it could not be doubted but that if the Court of Spain 
 was to signify a disposition for accommodation, she would be met 
 with like sincerity in that disposition, and if he (Mr. H.) would 
 undertake a journey to Madrid for the voluntary purpose of 
 bringing to this Court testimonials of the pacific disposition of 
 Spain, I did presume it coud not but be acceptable to H. M.'s 
 Ministers. Mr. H. replied that he clearly conceived the idea, 
 and was ready and willing to undertake the errand, being so 
 emppwer'd. That as to the mode of empowering him he should 
 not presume to dictate, so that it was done with sufficient care to 
 distinguish him for what he really was, a disinterested mediator 
 and not a spy. That this might be done by a letter from your 
 Lordship or Lord N [orth] . He added that he should wish the letter 
 might be so couched, as not to ground his going upon previous 
 conversation with him, or ouverture from him, as it might raise 
 some suspicion or offence against him on the other side of the 
 water, as being too forward and intrusive, and he instanced a 
 case in point. To this I observed that if the letter had not some 
 foundation of that sort it woud carry evident appearance that 
 G [reat] B [ritain] was making suit to Spain for a negociation, 
 which I presumed coud never be expected from her after suffering 
 an attack so unprovoked on her part. There was no evidence 
 wanting of her good faith, let Spain offer the like, and the 
 business would at once be put in train. To this reasoning he 
 absolutely yielded, and submitted the wording the letter entirely 
 to the Minister, wishing however that I might apprise him of 
 the purport before it came to his hands. This I promis'd shoud 
 be done, if the transaction reach'd that point. 
 
 "In conclusion he referr'd himself to your Lordship and the 
 Ministry without reserve. He had wrote a note to me and left it 
 at my house this morning, saying that particular reasons made 
 the time very pressing. He explained those reasons to be ; first, 
 the chance of some reciprocal article or treaty with France upon 
 the separation of the fleets, by which Spain might bind herself 
 not to make peace without France. Secondly. That he had 
 secret intelligence that it teas now in agitation to send a man from 
 Spain to the Congress, and that the late Secretary of the Embassy 
 was talk'd of to go. 
 
 "I observ'd to him that if he was now possesst of any 
 authentic intelligence, which led him to ascribe to Spain pacific 
 disposition at the present moment, it woud advance the business 
 to exhibit that authority, and so get rid of a preliminary enquiry. 
 
327 
 
 He declared solemnly that if he had those proofs he woud 
 exhibit them, but that he spoke from opinion only, strong indeed, 
 but not commission'd. Our conversation led us to speak at a 
 distance of terms, as far as related to his former assertion 
 of Gibraltar being the sine quel non of Spain ; he repeated 
 that assertion, as to his opinion, but added that he woud not 
 expose himself to the egregious folly of bringing to Great Britain 
 a requisition of the cession of that important fortress, unless he 
 brought ponderous equivalents in the opposite scale. I told him 
 that it was ridiculous in the extreme for me to say a word on 
 such a subject, but if he had heard anything agitated upon that 
 idea by the Spanish Ministers of any description, I shou'd not be 
 sorry to hear what they conceiv'd would invite Great Britain to 
 gratify the uncontrollable propensity of His Catholic Majesty on 
 that article. He answer'd readily enough that he had heard it 
 agitated more than once (and if I did not mistake him, by 
 Flor[ida] Blanc [a]), and he said that Spain would give us 
 strong footing on the Mosquito shore and upon the coast of 
 Barbary Oran, but he added she would not part with Ceuta. 
 He added that she would give money and he believed almost 
 without limitation. Your Lordship will readily believe I made 
 no reply." 
 
 B. Cumberland to Lord G. Germain. 
 
 1779, Nov. 20, Saturday 4 o'clock. Queen Ann Street. — " I 
 send your Lordship inclos'd the heads of my conversation with 
 Mr. H[ussey] . 
 
 " It was a long one, but it was principally so made on his part. 
 He express'd an ardour for being employed in any overtures 
 towards pacification, that was little short of enthusiasm, to which, 
 tho' he gave a religious cast, I could not but ascribe a proportion 
 of policy, which I think arises from the instructions of the 
 Spanish Minister, who cordially detests the French Alliance. 
 
 "The anecdote of what dropt from the King to Count Florida 
 Blanca is recorded in my minutes and is worth attending to ; he 
 did not mention it to you it seems, and I thought he was rather 
 vex'd that he had open'd himself so far to me. 
 
 " Spain seems to dread offensive operations next year upon her 
 colonies, and thinks we shall withdraw from America with the 
 whole force of the well-affected on that continent to descend upon 
 the settlements of Spain in South America ; she apprehends 
 likewise for Bussia and Holland, and Mr. H[ussey] says she 
 despairs of Gibraltar, and he even insinuated that the King's 
 obstinacy in persisting to reach at that unattainable object might 
 throw His Majesty into a convent for life, or end in an assassina- 
 tion. Nay, he pointed at the parties, but this I don't commit to 
 a letter. Is it not likely therefore that Mr. H. is instructed to 
 make this effort of obtaining by negociation what they despair of 
 enforcing by arms, and the attempt of which leads to such 
 dangerous consequences ? France has made a very high demand 
 for naval support furnished to the Spanish fleet at Brest. " 
 
328 
 
 The Enclosure. 
 
 Conversation with Mr. H[ussey]. 
 
 Mr. H. will go to Madrid to sound the disposition of that Court 
 towards peace without any character or specific commission. 
 But as he thinks something will be needful to distinguish him 
 from the imputation of being a spy of Great Britain, he will 
 accept of any mode the Ministers shall judge sufficient, viz. : A 
 letter from Lord N [orth] or Lord G. G [ermain] or the Southern 
 Secretary [Lord Hillsborough] . He wishes the business of his 
 errand to be strictly confined to Lord N., Lord G. G., and the 
 said Secretary, with Lord Stormont, if judged proper. 
 
 " He desires no secretary or agent may be employ'd, or any 
 handwriting, except the principals and Mr. C [umberland] from 
 whom he is willing to receive messages, &c. 
 
 "He suspects that the cession of Gibraltar is the sine qua mm 
 on the part of Spain, but he is ready to sound that Court upon 
 any other terms, that shall not be evidently inadmissible. He 
 does not imply that a condition so very serious and humiliating 
 to Great Britain as the cession of Gibraltar, can be or ought to 
 be entrusted and committed to him, but as he verily believes 
 great and superior advantages would be ofTer'd by Spain for that 
 fortress (as being the King's favorite object) he thinks it might 
 be useful to Great Britain to know the Spanish propositions on 
 that idea. 
 
 "He says that Spain despairs of taking Gibraltar. Is already 
 (as he apprehends) rebuffed at Gibraltar, and France will not 
 engage for putting her in possession of it. France will engage 
 for Jamaica and the Floridas. 
 
 "He believes that no secret treaty, or article of treaty, has 
 passed between Spain and France, whereby the former is dis- 
 qualified from making peace with Great Britain independent of 
 France. He says that except D'Aranda, there is not a subject of 
 Spain who does not condemn the war. 
 
 " He thinks D'Aranda will lose credit at his Court from the 
 inactivity of the French in invading Great Britain, a matter 
 which Mr. H. says was never in the serious contemplation of 
 France, and which D'Aranda was duped to believe. 
 
 " The King of Spain, in the month of August last, said to Count 
 Fl[orida] Bl[anca] these words, 'Florida Blanca, we must have 
 a peace.' This, and some expressions, which in the course of a 
 conversation (very long and full on Mr. H.'s part) fell from him 
 inadvertently, lead me to believe that he is acting by instruction 
 from Spain in the offer he now makes. 
 
 "He asserts, that he has no business or commission in Great 
 Britain from the Court of Spain, except the trifling one of buying 
 up astronomical instruments. In this I know he grossly pre- 
 varicates ; and, as it is certain he is here in full confidence with 
 Spain, how can he be so ready for the proposed expedition 
 (whereby he wou'cl abandon his trust) unless he knew it would 
 be with the entire good liking of his employers? When I 
 touch'd him upon that string, I perceived he was suspicious I 
 
329 
 
 had discovered him, and having made my observations, I put him 
 at his ease as quick as possible by giving him credit for doing 
 voluntarily what I think he is doing by commission. 
 
 "As to Ireland he talked an unexpected language, and I sus- 
 pected he was not speaking his real sentiment s ; he disavow'd 
 any idea of invasion or insurrection, and spoke of the dangerous 
 situation of that country throughout in much lighter terms than 
 I expected he wou'd. 
 
 "He said the fleets of F [ranee] and Sp[ain] were neither out 
 nor would come out this year. That if the fleet of England had 
 engaged, when they were chaced into the Channel, they would 
 have had a cheap and certain victory; that the French Admiral 
 had 600 sailors in their hammocks at that moment, and. was in 
 great dread of an engagement. He told me the mode of 
 negotiation which he would take if he was to be employ'd on this 
 occasion. He concluded by saying that if his proposal should be 
 adopted, the time pressed for immediate resolution." 
 
 Lord George Germain to Mr. Hussey. 
 
 1779, November 29. — "Understanding that you are soon to set 
 out for Madrid, where from your connections and acquaintance 
 frequent opportunites will probably occurr of your conversing with 
 persons in high trust and office, I perswade myself you will not 
 be wanting to improve every opportunity of cultivating any 
 disposition which you may discern in the Ministry there towards 
 a renovation of that harmony between the two nations, which to 
 their reciprocal prejudice has of late been interrupted. As there 
 is every reason to conclude that the disposition of the Minister of 
 Spain will be found to be such, as in wisdom and sound policy it 
 ought to be, so I am sure the communications you have had with 
 men of power in this country can give no colour to your reports, 
 but what must tend to the encouragement of any motions on the 
 part of Spain towards an accommodation with Great Britain ; 
 and as just credit is given to the purity of your motives, I can 
 assure you, both for Lord North and myself, that your represen- 
 tations will be receiv'd with the most friendly attention ; and if 
 in pursuing the bent of your wishes you shall be warranted to 
 convey to us any opening or overture on the part of Spain 
 towards a pacification, so essential to the interests of both king- 
 doms, I can with equal truth assure you it will be entertain'd 
 here with all posssible sincerity and good faith." 
 
 Thomas Hussey to Lord G. Germain. 
 
 1779, December 1. Richmond Buildings. — Has received his 
 Lordship's letter and thanks him and Lord North for their 
 opinion of him as being the instrument of beginning a desirable 
 accommodation between the Court and that of Spain. Will avail 
 himself of every opportunity to bring about the desired effect. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1780, January 8. Madrid. — "Immediately upon my arrival 
 in this town, I waited upon the Prime Minister, and had the 
 
330 
 
 honor of a long conference with him. I found him inflamed with 
 resentment, and so warmly complaining of the insincere treatment 
 and of the inconsistent conduct of the British Ministry, that if I 
 had not the honor to he personally known to his Excellency, and 
 that he does me the justice to believe me to be above coming from 
 the British Ministry with any insidious views, he would not even 
 have listened [to] me, but would have engaged his Catholick 
 Majesty to order me to quit the kingdom without delay. 
 
 " But upon my assuring him with equal truth and zeal, that 
 there is not the least appearance of duplicity against Spain in the 
 purposes of the present British Ministry, and that they have 
 nothing at heart but an honorable accommodation between both 
 nations, his Excellency became mollified. He said that the King 
 was resolved to strain every nerve, and to exhaust every resource 
 of the monarchy, in prosecuting the present war with vigour and 
 effect ; and that he had engaged the King of France's promise to 
 aid him to land an army in England next summer, under cover 
 of eighty ships of the line. Indeed, my opinion is, that there is 
 a formal treaty lately signed for this purpose by France to gratify 
 Spain. 
 
 " In the following conferences to which he admitted me, and 
 which was once every day, and sometimes twice, the most pacific 
 symptoms began to buoy up : he spoke with great candor, open- 
 ness, and firmness ; said that no person can conceive the aversion 
 of the King from the shedding of human blood, and that if the 
 honor of his Koyal word and the dignity of his Crown be 
 saved, it is not yet too late to come to a desireable accommodation : 
 that he has not yet come into any treaty or even promise to the 
 British colonies, but that Mr. Jaye, late President of the Con- 
 gress, is daily expected here, in order that a treaty may 
 be signed, whereby Spain will acknowledge and support the 
 independency of America. But that since I had so warmly assured 
 him of the rectitude and sincerity of the British Ministry upon 
 this occasion, he promised that nothing should be concluded with 
 the American Envoy untill he heard more from the Court of 
 London : that his Catholick Majesty will never drop his preten- 
 sions to Gibraltar. I plainly see that this last article is the 
 favorite object in the present war. The whole nation has it 
 constantly in sight. Priests, friars, and even nuns, have 
 unanimously offered their revenues to the King, to support him 
 in the war, chiefly with the view of removing the stain of a 
 foreign possession within the kingdom. The equivalent con- 
 siderations that will be given are very great. Not only any 
 honorable capitulation for the garrison which can be wished, and 
 ample payment for all the stores and every military thing of value 
 in the town ; but what I presume to be of much more consequence, 
 the terms relative to the bringing America back to dependency, 
 and to give hopes to bring France to put the independency which 
 she acknowledged upon as vague, indefinite a footing as to make 
 it acceptable to Great Britain, and at the same time may preserve 
 the decency and honor to the King of France's engagements 
 with America. 
 
331 
 
 "In every particular relative to these last terms I am fully 
 informed and instructed, in order to be able to acquaint the 
 British Ministry thereof upon my arrival in London, which is 
 better than entering more at large upon them in a letter ; but I 
 am desired to tell your Lordship that if the greatest secrecy and 
 fidelity be not observed relative to this negotiation, or if the 
 British Cabinet should attempt to make any improper use of 
 these overtures, that the King of Spain will never more listen to 
 any proposals from the Court of London. 
 
 "The greatest secrecy imaginable has been observed in the 
 affair since my arrival. I observed the most careful incog, and 
 have authority to assure your Lordship that no other person in 
 this kingdom is acquainted with it but the King, the Prince of 
 Asturias, and the two Ministers of State in whose department it 
 lies. I am desired to inform you also, that if this affair be not 
 brought to issue before the end of February, or that the British 
 Cabinet affect delay and ambiguity, his Catholick Majesty will be 
 confirmed in his suspicions of their sinister intentions, will 
 immediately proceed to a treaty of alliance &c. with America, 
 and prosecute the war without hopes of accommodation. 
 
 " When I acquainted the Prime Minister with the papers which 
 Admiral Arbuthnot sent by a frigate to your Lordship, and of 
 which the British Ministry would avail themselves next summer 
 by an ofensive war against the Spanish territories in America, 
 &c, but that if an accommodation be likely to take place the 
 British Cabinet would wait the issue of it, his Excellency 
 answered that his Catholick Majesty is willing to agree that the 
 foreign possessions of both nations should be left in statu quo, for 
 the same purpose. 
 
 " I have nothing further to add until I have the honor to see 
 your Lordship, but that I shall set off on my return this night, 
 and that there are relays of coaches and mules by my orders on 
 the road from this to Bayonne, to carry me with the greater 
 expedition. I shall return thro' France under a feigned name, 
 as I came, and tho' I hope to reach London before this letter gets 
 to you, yet for greater security I send it by Lisbon, agreeably to 
 your Lordship's instructions." 
 
 Thomas Hussey to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1780, February 3. — " Give me leave to remind your Lordship 
 of my expectation to be enabled to return by to-morrow's post at 
 least a general answer to the Court of Spain upon the present 
 negotiation. This I hold to be indispensably necessary to remove 
 her suspision and distrust of the views which she imagines the 
 British Cabinet has in the steps hitherto taken. I do not mean 
 to call for the issue of the full deliberations of the Cabinet ; but 
 to be able to assure Spain that the cession of Gibraltar shall be 
 one article of the treaty, tho' the terms upon which it will be 
 surrendered are not settled. 
 
 " I shall at the same time assure the Court of Spain that Lord 
 North disavows the commission which Commodore Johnstone 
 
332 
 
 assumed, and that consequently Administration is not respon- 
 sible for his imprudence, which they condemn as much as Spain. 
 The disavowal, will, I am sure, be of use towards fowarding a 
 mutual confidence between both Cabinets. And whatsoever 
 further your Lordship thinks may tend to this desireable end, I 
 request you may inform me, that I may communicate it in the 
 most early and confidential manner." 
 
 Richard Cumberland to Lord G. Germain. 
 
 1780, April 21. Portsmouth.— Is waiting to go on board Sir 
 William Burnaby's frigate, the Milford. The St. Helen's fleet 
 lies there, bound for Quebec. Sixteen sail of the line, including 
 the Prothee, Mcniarca, and Diligente, are at Spithead. The last 
 of these is said to be a very bad ship. About five line of battle 
 ships are getting ready in dock, of which two are the Barfleur 
 and Union, of ninety guns each. Everything there that floats, 
 floats upon copper. Has walked Mr. Hussey purposely through 
 the dock-yard, which exhibited a wonderful display of stores. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1780, May 25. Buenos Ayres, Lisbon. — " The thermometer 
 for several days has never been below 80 in the shade. . . . 
 The town is becoming sickly and replete with bilious fevers and 
 cholics. My wife is a sufferer to a great degree. . . . There is 
 a good deal to see in and about Lisbon, but curiosity is a 
 dangerous passion to indulge in this climate. Everything that 
 is great or striking has Pombal for its author. His fountains, 
 streets, squares, bridges, aquaducts, and public edifices are 
 monuments of a lofty mind ; they are now suspended or very 
 feebly pursued, and the melancholy habits of superstition cast a 
 gloom over the whole city and State. In Pombal's day, proces- 
 sions of monks and friars scarce dar'd to show themselves, he 
 drove thro' them, or even over them, without reverence to the 
 Host ; now they parade the streets with impunity. Yesterday 
 exhibited His Majesty of Portugal, with the Prince of Brazils, 
 walking the streets bareheaded in the flaming meridian sun, 
 without a canopy, following the Cardinal Patriarch of Lisbon, 
 bearing the Host, in vestments of w T hite damask and silver, 
 embroider'd with gold and spangles, underneath a cloth of gold 
 supported by six mitred abbots, and preceded by the Knights of 
 Christ, with all the religious orders bearing crucifixes, images, 
 and chaunting as they walked. The train was near five hours in 
 passing, with very little intermission, thro' lines of troops, which 
 to my utter surprize made a most respectable appearance ; two 
 entire regiments pass'd me under arms, which, to my judgement, 
 as to men and accoutrements, were excellent. The whole corps was 
 prostrated in the dust at the passing of the Host, and the attitude 
 of the men with the action of the musquets with fix't bayonets, 
 resting over the arm, and pointed into the earth, had a touching- 
 effect. The Queen did not walk, but sate very stately and erect 
 
333 
 
 in the church, never speaking to any of her train, nor even to the 
 Prime Minister, who, with her Confessor, attended at her back. 
 She was fine in jewels, particularly pearls, but dressed in an ill 
 stile, both of cloathes and head dress. Her equipages of horses 
 are fine and without number, and the liveries are stately. I saw 
 seven zebras in her stables, of exquisite shape and beauty, and in 
 her gardens at Belem she has an aviary of Brazil small birds, of 
 incomparable plumage ; the gardens are disposed in strait walks 
 between hedges of myrtle, Portugal lawrel and yellow jasmine, 
 overarched and centering in stars ; the quarters being planted 
 with limes, citron and oranges, now in high season. The 
 parterres are neglected, and in general the whole is dishevelled 
 and wild, but the flowers are luxuriant in excess, particularly 
 carnations of a Patagonian expanse. I was quartered during 
 yesterday's grand procession at a window with Count D'Oeyras, 
 eldest son and heir of old Pombal. This young man is a close re- 
 semblance of John Yorke, with the advantage of some years ; he 
 wears the gold key, at the time when prosecutions are going on 
 against his father, and the Prime Minister avowedly hostile ; his 
 abilities are moderate and his passions in great government ; in 
 short he has the character of a worthy prudent man ; he enjoys 
 Pombal's whole fortune, which is about 12,000 per annum, mostly 
 in houses within this city, built since the earthquake. . . . 
 [Pombal] has made over all his estates to the Count D'Oeyras, 
 and lives upon his Court appointments, which the Queen con- 
 tinues to him. 
 
 " The present Minister is a very inferior character, and seems 
 distinguishable for no passion but that of making money. The 
 Dutch Consul has the lucrative contract for diamonds ; all within 
 a certain weight the King sells to him at a fixt rate, and all 
 above that weight are kept in the royal treasures ; the collection 
 is immense. It is lodg'd in the arsenal in iron chests, where there 
 is a great sum of gold ; I am in hopes of being admitted to see 
 this treasure. The square, which Pombal projected, is truly 
 magnificent ; it is built upon arches with cloisters like Covent 
 Garden, only much loftier and more spacious ; the river forms 
 one side, and the approaches to it are form'd by magnificent 
 arches of the whitest stone raised upon Ionic columns of fair pro- 
 portion and in a grand gusto ; the whole was to be dedicated to 
 public offices ; a colossal equestrian statue of the late King fronts 
 the river in the centre of the square. It is the work of a 
 Portuguese artist ; the statue is of brass, and the emblems round 
 the pedestal are of stone ; these latter are of much superior 
 workmanship, and both in execution and design have great 
 merit ; a medalion with the head of Pombal was fixt under the 
 royal arms in front. This is now cut out and a bronze bas relief 
 of a ship fixt in its place ; a guard is mounted upon the statue 
 day and night." 
 
 Richard Cumberland to Lord G. Germain. 
 
 1780, May 26. Milford Frigate.—" I have now moved 
 Mrs. Cumberland and my eldest daughter on board the frigate ; 
 
334 
 
 the former was so ill that I am persuaded she would [not] have 
 stood three nights more on shore, being reduced with flux and 
 fever to the lowest state ; she revives to a wonder in this climate, 
 and the friendly solicitude of these dear and gallant creatures 
 from the captain down [to] the cook's mate is not to be described. 
 I wonder at myself for standing the heat as I do ; the flies cover 
 the table as we sit at our meals, and the bugs and fleas are 
 another plague of Egypt. My heart, however, is so fixt upon my 
 business and my hope of success is so warm, that I feel no diffi- 
 culties and fear no dangers. I am closely watched, but I know it, 
 and know the spies that are set upon me. Thus forewarned I 
 am forearmed, and tho' I have no soul to advise with, apprehend 
 nothing either for myself or my business. Of a certain I should 
 be delighted if I coud slip into your Cabinet for one hour and 
 avail myself in this exigency of that clear and candid judgement 
 which at once possesses me of both head and heart, and gives 
 both comfort and counsel at the same time. But my lot has 
 fallen upon other ground, and I must be silent. ... I beseech 
 of God to bless you and your sweet family, whom I love with the 
 tenderest respect and affection. . . . Lisbon affords no one 
 article that can be convey 'd to the young ladies ; its fruits and 
 flowers woud perish, and as for manufactures, it has none. 
 The scourings of our shops form the chief ornaments of theirs, 
 but they are not shops, they are hog-sties, hung with penny 
 ribbands." 
 
 Richard Cumberland to Lord G. Germain. 
 
 1780, July 5. Madrid. — Congratulates him on the successes 
 at Charlestown. Forbears to describe his feelings upon the 
 intelligence of the dreadful commotions in London. No letter 
 has yet reached him from England, and he sucks his politics 
 through the corrupted strainers of the Courier de VEurope. 
 Recommends "the gallant but perhaps inconsiderate youth" 
 whom he left behind him to his Lordship's care. 
 
 Lord G. Germain to Mr. Cumberland. 
 
 1780, July 29. Stoneland Lodge. — "I had the pleasure, when 
 I was yesterday in town, to see your correspondence, private as 
 well as official, with Lord Hillsborough. I do not wonder that 
 heat and business prevent your writing to your friends, when 
 your situation demands so much attention to the business which 
 we all have at heart. 
 
 " I confess I cannot feel so sanguine as to its success as you do, 
 as I anxiously waited, but in vain, for some terms held out on the 
 part of Spain, the treating upon which might have tended to 
 peace, but the mode directly contrary has been adopted. She 
 asks for declarations on our part, relating to our subjects in 
 America, when she must know from the whole tenor of our 
 
 * The Gordon riots, 
 
335 
 
 conduct that lenity, moderation, and even parental affection have 
 been preferred to severity, resentment, and justice. 
 
 " If fresh proofs are wanting to justify my assertion, let the 
 proclamations of General Kobertson, Sir H. Clinton, and Admiral 
 Arbuthnot confirm what I say. What then can be the meaning 
 of Count Florida Blanca in waiting for a declaration on our 
 parts? Surely it cannot be in concert with France, to obtain 
 terms equivalent to independence. What pretext is wanting to 
 renew the good understanding between England and Spain, if it 
 suits the interests and inclinations of both Courts, without 
 apology to France ? We know of no engagements or common 
 cause which Spain has with France in this war. Bead the mani- 
 festos and declarations of Spain. The grievances supposed and 
 complained of relate solely to our conduct towards her, not a 
 word of America, not a hint of interfering with our disputes with 
 France, and now for the first time we hear of engagements never 
 before explained or acknowledged. All these affairs, I conclude, 
 will be fully and more clearly stated to you by Lord Hillsborough, 
 but I feel so interested in the success of your negotiation that I 
 write what occurs, as I am sensible it can be of no other conse- 
 quence than to convince you that I am not an indifferent 
 spectator when this great business is in agitation. 
 
 " I am sorry you committed your sentiments in writing before 
 the Minister gave you the outlines of his ideas, for in treating it 
 is of infinite consequence to prevail upon your antagonist to speak 
 first, but you did wisely in avoiding all conversation upon the 
 subject of America. There is an absolute necessity in preventing 
 the interference of foreign powers in settling the terms to be 
 granted by a sovereign to his rebellious subjects, and as we have 
 now a more reasonable expectation of settling our disputes with 
 the provinces of America than at any former period, we must 
 avoid as much as possible the appearance even of being 
 influenced by the interposition of those who have either 
 publickly supported or privately encouraged the present unpre- 
 voked rebellion. The attentions and favor shewn to you are 
 certainly pleasing and agreeable to you, but I cou'd rather have 
 wished that your reception had been less publick, and that you 
 had been visited with caution and not with eclat. It would have 
 convinced me more of their real intentions of peace, and of their 
 acting without any communication with France. 
 
 " Had they spoken out and asked even unreasonable conces- 
 sions, I should have entered into the discussing of them with 
 pleasure, as I should hope they might be modelled into a 
 practicable agreement, but till they will explain their ideas and 
 enable you to discuss and transmit hither what may serve for the 
 foundation of a treaty, I shall not be very sanguine in my hopes 
 of regaining the friendship of the most valuable and the most 
 natural ally of Great Britain. I need not exhort you to exert 
 your abilities upon this occasion. Judgment, firmness, and 
 temper cannot be more usefully exercised than in the transactions 
 with Ministers. I am happy in knowing you will meet with 
 every assistance from our friend Mr. Hussey, and it is with great 
 
336 
 
 satisfaction that I hear from all quarters justice done to his 
 talents, to his honor, and to his integrity. I heg my compli- 
 ments to him. . . . 
 
 "The Board of Trade are become important. Such fine 
 reports you never read. Who now will say it is a useless 
 establishment '?" 
 
 Richard Cumberland to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1780, August 4. Madrid. — I have been laid up with a broken 
 arm, occasioned by a fall from a mule. On reaching home after 
 the accident I " was soon attended by a succession of surgeons: 
 the first pronounced my arm broke at the elbow, which bled 
 vehemently ; the second broke it at the shoulder, where the chief 
 contusion was ; and the third declared it a contusion only. An 
 argument ensued, and no question of experimental philosophy 
 was ever sifted more thoroughly than my miserable limb, the 
 different surgeons by turn moulding and pulling it to the 
 purposes of their theory. This lecture upon fractures lasted a 
 full hour, . . . when a worthy old priest belonging to my 
 neighbour, the Due d'Ossuna, put an end to it by deciding for 
 the fracture at the shoulder. . . . It is a miracle to relate 
 that I am alive, and what increases the wonder, I am doing well, 
 . . . but I am reduced to the anatomy of a monkey and nearly 
 to the colour of one." The heat has been very great, but we are 
 charmingly lodged in a spacious house standing high and facing- 
 north to the mountains. " My wife just exists. The girls enjoy 
 themselves tolerably, but Sophia the best. They are much 
 carrest and are the spectacle of the place, and have set the 
 English fashions for every tittle of their dress, from the Princess 
 of Asturias downwards. . . . They have been to one bull- 
 fight, but suffered more than words can relate." 
 
 I have not yet heard a word from the Minister. As to Mr. 
 W [alpole] at Lisbon, his correspondence is too trifling and 
 rediculous to put up with. If my son could bring out my instruc- 
 tions I should receive it as a great indulgence. The Imperial 
 Ambassador, Count Kaunitz, wishes to take him with him to 
 Vienna. A more amiable or a more elegant man than this 
 ambassador I never saw, and a little of his society would be of 
 unspeakable advantage to my son. It gave me no small delight 
 to hear that he was upon guard at your house during the tumults. 
 He had been reported sick just before, and then was 14 nights 
 without going to bed or taking off his boots, and I hear it has 
 shaken his health. Might this not be an honorable plea for 
 leave of absence, and do I not need some fresh instructions, as 
 for instance in the affair of the Russian mediation ? 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1780, August 30. Madrid. — On his progress in the negotiations 
 with Spain. " The crisis is now become exceedingly arduous and 
 intricate. . . . Solano's junction and Cordova's success have 
 
337 
 
 so changed affairs that I retract from my confidence and coincide 
 with your suspicions." 
 
 Mentions his girls, his son the Ensign, the death of his son 
 George, and the birth of a girl on Sunday last. Is sending Lord 
 Hillsborough an authentic journal of Solano's fleet from their 
 departure from Cadiz to the 29th of June. 
 
 "If Mr. Thompson will bring his frigate to Lisbon in 
 February I shall be happy to embark with him for Falmouth. 
 Wherever the girls go they are sure of a fight and a good prize." 
 
 Thomas Hussby to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1780, September 1. Madrid. — Thanks his Lordship for the 
 opinion expressed in his favour in a letter to Mr. Cumberland.! 
 Mr. Cumberland has gone to the Court at S. Ildefonso, in which 
 invitation he (Hussey) was especially excepted. His treat- 
 ment at this Court is such as to make it "unworthy " of him to 
 continue to enjoy any benefice under his Catholic Majesty, but 
 he waits to declare his resignation until the negotiation is brought 
 to some issue. He flatters himself there is one point already 
 gained, which is his Catholic Majesty's distrust of one of his 
 Ministers, who is notoriously in the French cabal, and conse- 
 quently an enemy to his own country. Mr. Cumberland's hopes 
 of success are sanguine as usual. 
 
 R. Cumberland to the Same. 
 
 1780, September 24. Madrid. — "My worthy friend, Mr. 
 Hussey, delivers this to your Lordship. After a long negotiation 
 with the Minister of Spain, we are convinc'd that the politicks of 
 this Court have been greatly warp'd by late events in favour of 
 their French connections ; and in the multiplicity of matter 
 which now occurs to be reported to you, we have judg'd it most 
 advisable and satisfactory for Mr. Hussey to repair to England ; 
 this he has willingly undertaken, and having with great address 
 engaged the Minister to adopt our idea and take the proposal on 
 himself, he comes to you in full possession of the mind and 
 opinions of the Court of Spain. 
 
 " Your Lordship's sentiments respecting Mr. Hussey are so 
 just and withal so friendly, that I forbear to add those testimonies 
 which in duty to his character and conduct I should else be 
 bound to give. . . . This being the case, I shall refer every 
 circumstance to his relation, observing only as a matter too 
 essential to pass over, that if it shall be found consistent with the 
 dignity of the State not to withdraw from the negotiation, this 
 advantage will accrue from its continuance, that Spain, who has 
 declared and avow'd her resolution of acknowledging Mr. Jay 
 instantly on my departure, will not, till that event takes place, 
 enter into alliance with the rebel Colonies ; and as the great 
 events of the war are now at issue, both in the West Indies, 
 
 21250 
 
 * Afterwards Count von Rumforcl. 
 f See above ; letter of July 29. 
 
 Y 
 
338 
 
 North America, and Gibraltar, it is more than probable a short 
 course of time may as effectually dispose this Court to peace as 
 her late success and other causes have for the present conspir'd 
 to turn her from it." 
 
 E. Cumberland to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1780, December 13. Madrid. — Is waiting for directions, but 
 has had in eight months only two letters from the Secretary of 
 State, and no intelligence whatever ; and when he asked for news 
 of what was projected against Spain, received a very sharp 
 rebuke for his curiosity. " The women " [his wife and daughters] , 
 against whom a protest was entered on his departure, have been 
 his most powerful coadjutors. When the domestic regularity of 
 his family is contrasted with the intrigues and irregular habits 
 of the Corps diplomatique in general, and with " the barbarisms 
 of the most vicious and despicable noblesse under heaven," the 
 public give them more credit than they deserve, His girls set 
 the fashions "and all the town is now in English riding-habits, 
 hats and head-dresses. All this is nonsense at London, but it is 
 business at Madrid." The King of Spain is sending him two 
 noble horses for the King of England, with whom he shall 
 send a magnificent pointer of the Navarrese breed as an 
 offering to the Duke of Cumberland, and he has a true 
 Andalusian horse for Miss Sackville, or for a charger for his 
 schoolfellow, Mr. Germain. Has been eight months absent from 
 London, and after payments for expenses of himself and Mr. 
 Hussey at Madrid, San Ildefonso, Escorial, and Aranjuez, has 
 received 2,500L and spent 600Z. of his own besides ; but cannot 
 bring his expenses at present within the rate of 3,000Z . per 
 annum. He begs to be remembered to Mr. Thompson, now in 
 execution of Mr. De Gray's place, and to congratulate him. Has 
 had some distant expectation that Lord North would have found 
 a seat for him. 
 
 Count Florida Blanca to Thomas Hussey. 
 
 1781, Jan. 20. The Prado, Madrid. — "Fully comprehending 
 the answer which Lord Hillsborough directed you to give me 
 relative to the negotiation of peace intended to be established, 
 I see that that Minister and his Court have formed the idea that 
 Gibraltar was not to be mentioned, nor the Colonies, in case of 
 Mr. Cumberland's coming to Madrid. In this point there is a 
 great equivocation, because on our side it was only agreed upon 
 that nothing should be mentioned about Gibraltar in the Pre- 
 liminaries ; but it was proposed that by a secret convention, or 
 separate treaty, the cession or exchange of that forteress might be 
 regulated and concluded at the same time with the Preliminaries 
 of Peace. This was uniformly my language, to which I always 
 added that without such cession or exchange it would be impossible 
 that the peace should be lasting, nor that the amity between 
 the two nations should be true or solid. The negative, therefore, 
 
 * As Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies. 
 
339 
 
 put in such absolute terms by the Court of London on this 
 matter, is to us an undeceiving proof that Great Britain does not 
 desire to be the friend of Spain, nor indeed never can whilst this 
 apple of discord subsists between both nations. 
 
 " As to what regards the Colonies, I always said that some 
 method ought to be found to save the honour of France with 
 them and that of Spain with France. You see therefore how 
 incompatible this answer is with the idea of the British Ministry 
 that they must not be mentioned. 
 
 " Now my Lord insinuates as if I should suggest this method 
 or medium. You, and even all the world, know how many 
 mediums were suggested by this Court during the mediation of 
 the King previous to the war, and not one of them was accepted 
 of by the Court of London. I am not, however, astonished at this 
 repugnance on their side, because perhaps those mediums that 
 were proposed by us were not answerable to the views of that 
 Government ; but what appears very extraordinary to me is their 
 never having proposed any mediums on their side, nor even 
 giving any explanation, either by modifying or varying some 
 circumstance of what was proposed, so as to enable us to agree in 
 any one point of reunion, thereby to enable the King prudently 
 to invite France to partake of the benefits of the peace. When 
 one resists all mediums of reconciliation, without offering any 
 idea of what might be acceptable to him, it is as much as to say 
 he does not wish for peace. 
 
 "You are fully acquainted with all the mediums that occurred 
 to us, and that we only wished that the British Ministry would 
 aid us to reflect and discuss how to bring to greater perfection 
 and practicability those already tried, or that we might find out 
 some new one more consistent and admissible. On this ground 
 you will enter on the subject, and see if there be any road that 
 may lead us to peace and forward this negotiation. 
 
 "If the British Ministry refuse to enter on this way of think- 
 ing, the King will have the consolation to reflect that he has 
 made use of every possible means he could think might put an 
 end to the horrors of war, and will cordially regret not having 
 been able to obtain that much wished for end. 
 
 " In this case you see how useless it will be to give the world 
 room to talk about the residence of an English emissary at this 
 Court. The King therefore wishes you to return to London 
 without loss of time, and see if that Ministry will come to more 
 positive and specific explanations, for his Majesty will be thankfull 
 to have the whole truth told to him and so be undeceived. 
 General hopes referred to future times about the present disputes, 
 and praises which my Lord gratuitously bestows upon me, are 
 neither suitable to the King's disposition nor do I deserve them. 
 
 " What you know and can assure them is that here there is 
 sincerity in our explanations, probity in the exact compliance 
 with our word, a true desire to re-establish public tranquility by 
 every means that may be consistent with our honour, and con- 
 stancy to defend that very honour at all hazards. God preserve 
 you." Translation. 
 
340 
 
 Richard Cumberland to Lord G. Germain. 
 
 1781, February 3. Madrid. — Thanks him for his continued 
 friendship and sends his love to Mr. Thompson. Requests his 
 Lordship's perusal of his letters to the Minister of the Depart- 
 ment, numbered 18, 20, and 21.® 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1781, February 11. Madrid. — "A secure conveyance offering 
 itself, I trouble your Lordship with a few words to repeat my 
 thanks for your continued friendship and protection, of which I 
 am assured by Mr. Hussey. I hope you have perused my letters 
 No. 18, 20, and 21, as they lay open the situation of this Court 
 with Russia and Denmark in a very interesting transaction. I 
 trust they have convey'd material information to the Cabinet ; 
 and the rather, as the exposition of Russia's pretended overture 
 of mediation, formally offer'd to Spain, was so critical in point of 
 time with respect to the Emperor's interposition. I hope it will 
 also be thought of some importance to my Court to be informed, 
 as they are by my letters No. 20 and 21, of the arrival here and 
 reception of the Emperor's declaration, and of the reference 
 made by Spain to her Ambassador at Paris in answer thereto ; 
 also of the allusion made by France to my negotiation in her 
 reply to the proposal. If I stand in need of any justification for 
 having stept beyond my commission in a business not yet com- 
 municated to me, I flatter myself your Lordship at least will 
 think my conduct deserves it. By this information I have proved 
 the trick and chicanery of this Court, which I always suspected, 
 as to Russia's mediation ; and by Count Florida Blanca's letter to 
 Mons. de Zenowieff, and Count Reventlau's message to the 
 Minister, it is evident that Denmark is upon such terms with 
 Spain as present a fair opportunity of drawing her into alliance 
 with Great Britain, if the war is to be continued ; and if it is to 
 close upon the Emperor's accession to the mediation, I perswade 
 myself that your Lordship's candour will give me some credit for 
 having adverted to the measure so early as the month of 
 August, and stated the friendly disposition of the Imperial Court, 
 to which the correspondence of the Ambassador here with his 
 father and the Emperor, particularly since his accession, has not 
 a little contributed. 
 
 "If the ultimatum carried home by Mr. Hussey is what the 
 Minister communicated to me, I may expect a short and speedy 
 answer, with my recall from a residence which is now continued 
 upon the sufferance of this Court, and it is not improbable but 
 they will send me my passports of their own accord, seeing me 
 here in no manner of confidence or correspondence with my own 
 Court. If Mr. Hussey had come through, or if I had had 
 authority, I coud have modified the ultimatum to an idea which 
 I think wou'd have fitted the purposes of Great Britain, of which 
 I will inform your Lordship when we meet. When I reflect upon 
 the consequences which have resulted to France from my coming 
 
 * Of these, only No. 18 is amongst the Spanish Correspondence at the Public 
 Record Office. 
 
341 
 
 to Spain, and the sacrifice she has made of a whole year's naval 
 operations to her managements of this Court for the prevention 
 of my negotiation, I flatter myself the experiment has had its 
 uses, and the charge I have unavoidably incurr'd has not been 
 thrown away. 
 
 " An express yesterday from Cadiz announc'd the sailing of the 
 fleet under Don Vincente Doz on the 6th instant. Whatever you 
 may have heard of the affairs of the Peru cannot easily fall short 
 of the truth. I think I have some grounds to say that a certain 
 person, here employ'd on the part of the rebel Colonies, wou'd 
 not be deaf to reason, if he was properly applied to ; but as the 
 importance of the object does not strike me in any public view, I 
 have taken no step and probably shall take none. 
 
 "It is true, my Lord, I have not much encouragement to 
 pursue the line of negotiation from the specimen I have yet had, 
 nevertheless I cannot withhold from saying to your Lordship, 
 and that with all due diffidence in myself, that if the Emperor's 
 mediation shall bring on a congress of the belligerent Powers at 
 Vienna or elsewhere, and if Great Britain shall appoint Commis- 
 sioners to the Convention under his Imperial Majesty's mediation, 
 I think that my connection with the house of Kaunitz, and the 
 insight I have acquir'd in Spain, might render me serviceable as 
 one in the Commission. I should not offer such an idea to your 
 Lordship if I did not know in what place the report of Count 
 Kaunitz had put me with his father and his Court, and what had 
 pass'd between them and him on that occasion. 
 
 " The daily intercourse of Count Kaunitz in my family, and his 
 personal correspondence with the Emperor, warrants me to say 
 what otherwise I should not have said. . . ." 
 
 Richard Cumberland to Lord G. Germain. 
 
 1781, March 2. Madrid. — "I think it proper to inform your 
 Lordship that the speech of your new member, Mr. Wraxall, has 
 rais'd a flame here amongst the diplomatique body that is 
 extremely unseasonable. The comments and insinuations of M. 
 Montmorin have been artfully applied to enflame the parties, who 
 resent the several insults to their Sovereigns and States, 
 particularly the Imperial and Danish representatives. The 
 Ministers of this Court second these unfriendly offices with more 
 success than one should suspect cou'd be drawn from so despic- 
 able an occasion. As I live in daily intimacy with Count 
 Kaunitz and Count Reventlau (the latter of whom is the Danish 
 Minister), it has been in my power to remove any impressions on 
 their minds individually consider' d, and as they are both well 
 inform'd men, acquainted with the constitution of our Parliament, 
 it is easy to bring them to hear and to talk reason ; but each 
 apprehends the mischievious consequences that may attend the 
 circulation of so infamous a libell, when the Dutch papers shall 
 join the Courier de V Europe in spreading the poison. Contemp- 
 tible as I know Mr. Wraxall to be, both in his writings, opinions, 
 and person, I cannot help being very uneasy for the consequences 
 
342 
 
 of his speech, unless some healing measures are taken by Lord 
 North and Lord Stormont, especially towards the Danes, against 
 whom no invective could be more critical and ill-tim'd. 
 
 " I hope some of the young Danish volunteers in our fleet will 
 have the spirit to give this silly incendiary a proper personal 
 chastisement, which he so fully merits. 
 
 " Your Lordship will have the goodness to pardon my troubling 
 you on this subject, in which I confess I have no other object in 
 view than to vent my chagrin, perswaded as I am that the pru- 
 dence of Administration will use all proper preventives on the 
 occasion." 
 
 Richard Cumberland to Lord G. Germain. 
 
 1781, April 28. Bayonne. — On private affairs. Has been at 
 death's door with a violent fever. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 [1784, December 3.°] St. Alban's Street, Friday evening. — 
 ' ' I find there is no way so effectual to give me some consideration 
 with myself as to suppose that you take some little interest even 
 in my dramatic concerns ; therefore I take the liberty to tell you 
 that the Carmelite was triumphantly receiv'd, and I am now 
 sitting in a little dirty lodging (not Mr. Lackington' s) over a 
 smoky chimney by myself under the shade of my lawrells. Mrs. 
 Siddons was divine, and crown'd with unceasing peals of 
 applause ; Mr. Palmer and Mr. Kemble excellent, Mr. Smith 
 execrable ; if anything coud have tempted you to sacrilege, you 
 would have crackt his shaven crown with your cane for being 
 such a bellowing Carmelite. I found Sir Charles Thompson with 
 Mrs. Siddons this morning, and was vastly flatter'd by him ; 
 posted between actress and author he scarce knew which way to 
 turn ; Lord Loughborough was there and all the fine people in 
 town ; poets, painters, printers, writers, devils, and demireps 
 from all quarters. 
 
 " The Drayton comedy comes out in three weeks, for we strike 
 whilst the iron is hot. I saw Wraxall in the morning, but 
 neither he nor My Lord were with Mrs. Siddons at night. Father 
 Hussey was with me in the manager's box, and wept streams, 
 but he anathematis'd his brother monk and said he acted like an 
 atheist preaching Christianity. I took Henderson into the Green 
 Room, where he was the life and soul of the party, adoring Mrs. 
 Siddons and cheering every body around him ; her brother 
 Kemble was applauded thro' the house, and his likeness to Mrs. 
 Siddons, whose son he is in the play, was greatly felt. 
 
 "I am excessively happy to hear Mr. and Mrs. Herbert are 
 with you at Drayton and beg my best remembrances to them. I 
 dare say Mrs. Herbert found her little ones much grown and 
 improved, and that so many good peaches and pears have not 
 
 * "The Carmelite" was produced on Dec. 2, 1784. 
 
343 
 
 been bestow'd upon Bessy for nothing. If I saw her I could tell 
 her that William Harry Edward Cavendish Bentinck 9 Q tho' he 
 does not own many more months than names, begins to sing 
 Malbrook most divinely, so that I am thinking of sending him 
 my prologue and epilogue, hoping they will go pretty well to that 
 tune ; therefore I take it to be high time for a young lady of 
 her standing to cry something else besides peaches and pears. 
 
 "I beg to be most respectfully remember 'd to Miss Sackville 
 and the ladies. I was sorry for Miss Leighton's sake to find Lord 
 Derby with Lady Paragon, when I came with my book under my 
 arm to read her part ; we are great friends, however, tho' rivals, 
 and I was afraid he woud have jump'd out of a three-pair-of- 
 stairs slip last night for joy of the Carmelite, and I really doubt 
 if he woud not, had not the spikes of the orchestra been in his 
 way ; he made it up with screaming. Sheridan behav'd like an 
 angel both to me and the performers, and even Will Woodfall 
 grinn'd a ghastly smile. 
 
 " What nonsense have I been chattering to you. If I read it 
 over I shall not venture to send it. My only consolation is that it 
 will arive in a December evening, and as Miss Jane has nothing to 
 do of a Sunday night, she perhaps will read it, if nobody else will. 
 
 "Lackington's daughter is recovering fast." 
 
 Richard Cumberland to Lord G. Germain. 
 
 [No year] August 31. — The Duke and Duchess of Cumberland 
 are here. His Royal Highness has given me two batches of 
 politics of near two hours each, and " unfolded his situation in 
 terms far above my idea of his capacity," lamenting the rejection 
 of all his offers of service and asking my advice as to what to do 
 in this crisis. He told me " how you had aided his negotiation 
 and how much he owed to your friendly agency, tho' it did not 
 meet success." "From what has this evening passed between 
 Mr. Harford and my daughter ... I have every reason to 
 conclude upon their certain though not speedy agreement." 
 
 Thomas Hussey to the Same. 
 
 [No date] Thursday night. Richmond Buildings.— The issue 
 of his conversation with Lords Hillsborough and Stormont show- 
 ing him that nothing can be concluded upon the subject of the 
 letter he wrote to his Lordship and the one forwarded by 
 express to H.M. Envoy at Lisbon for his Lordship, he requests 
 they may be returned, as well as the Prime Minister of Spain's 
 letter to him. Will call on him. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 [No year] March 6. Richmond Buildings. — Writes to inform 
 his Lordship that — hearing that Lord Petre "had imputed some 
 
 * Cumberland's eldest daughter Elizabeth married, in 1782, Lord Edward Charles 
 Cavendish Bentinck. This was their eldest son. 
 
844 
 
 dishonourable view to his last journey to Madrid for which his 
 Lordship thought that the whole body of English Roman 
 Catholics might fall under the suspicions of government" — he 
 has seen Lord Petre and insisted on his informing some of the 
 Secretaries of State of it, and that he will probably inform his 
 Lordship of his suspicion. Has never given Lord Petre any idea 
 of his real business to Madrid. 
 
 XIV. — LETTERS RELATING TO THE MARRIAGE 
 OF THE DUKE OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 Sir Edward Walpole* to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1777, February 4. Pall Mall.— " The respect I bear your 
 Lordship and my esteem for you entitle me to your kind atten- 
 tion to this short address to you in behalf of the Duke of 
 Gloucester : who has indeed a much stronger advocate with you 
 than I may pretend to be, in your own respect and esteem for 
 His Royal Highness. 
 
 " I will leave it to your Lordship's quick comprehension to 
 supply what my feelings would dictate if your time were not too 
 full allready with other big concerns, wherein your conduct will 
 some day do you great honour. My business with your Lordship 
 is little more than a painfull wish, hardly accompanied with hope, 
 that some potent man in the House of Commons would try to 
 get the Duke's debts included in the Bill, whenever it shall come 
 into Parliament, for the payment of the King's debts. 
 
 " The Duke of Gloucester's debts are full thirty thousand 
 pounds, and if this matter should be put in motion, with a 
 favourable gale, would it be a very extraordinary indulgence to a 
 person of the Duke's consequence to extend that thirty thousand 
 pounds to something more for present exigencies than the mere 
 debts amount to ? For the same consideration and reasoning 
 which points out the propriety and humanity of paying his debts 
 will lead to an inclination in the breast of every man that has 
 any delicacy to do it in such a manner as may prevent the idea 
 of a niggard munificence. Barely to pay a man's debts that has 
 been long encumber'd, without a small additional lift, airways 
 leaves some distress behind. 
 
 " Your Lordship knows the Duke's is a great character, fine 
 parts, great observation, acute discernment, judgement in form- 
 ing and prudence in delivering his sentiments ; honour, probity, 
 and generosity; universally beloved and with all these talents 
 (possess'd, not enjoy'd) in a state of banishment. 
 
 "I think every man of real great birth and high rank must 
 feel for him. 
 
 " In enumerating his virtues, I know I reach your Lordship's 
 quickest sensations, and in calling upon high birth to support his 
 cause, I touch another string that must vibrate forcibly upon your 
 
 * Father of the Duchess of Gloucester. 
 
345 
 
 Lordship's ear, and sound a note which Parliament should echo to 
 the King, and ask if it is fit or decent that the brother (and such 
 a brother) of so great a prince as is the King of England, should 
 live sequester'd and proscribed for want of a help that would be 
 trifling in the general burthen ; and that he should sue in vain 
 at a season of such prodigality, such profusion of pensions, 
 grants, and etceteras as is amazing; and so bestowed (in great 
 part) as is ten times more amazing." 
 
 Lord George Germain to Sir Edward Walpole. 
 
 [1777, February, between the 4th and 18th.] — " I must begin 
 by making an apology to you for having delayed answering your 
 letter for some days, but the subject of it was so important that I 
 wish'd to consider whether there was a possibility of my giving 
 any advice which might tend to the promoting what I should be 
 happy in seeing accomplish'd. 
 
 " The Duke of Gloucester's debts could not come under con- 
 sideration of the Committee of Supply without the King's previous 
 consent, and the only parliamentary method of proceeding would 
 be to address his Majesty to pay the debts of H.R.H., the House 
 promising to make good whatever his Majesty thought proper to 
 expend for that purpose. 
 
 " You may imagine that such a proposition, unless it was 
 known to be agreeable to his Majesty, would not meet with the 
 support of the Ministers, and the House would hardly be prevail'd 
 upon under such circumstances to press an address which might 
 not be favourably received. 
 
 "I see no chance of Parliamentary assistance but from the 
 recommendation of the Crown, and if that cannot be obtained, 
 from a return of that affection which formerly subsisted between 
 the King and H.R.H.; all other efforts will only tend to encrease 
 ill-humour and prevent that reconciliation which every friend of 
 H.R.H.'s must sincerely wish to promote. 
 
 " I agree entirely with you in the high opinion you have of the 
 Duke of Gloucester's character. His talents will do him credit, 
 his honor and integrity will ever claim respect, and I trust that 
 his judgment will lead him to pursue every method which may 
 speedily produce that happy union in the Royal family which 
 every good subject must desire. 
 
 "I cannot end this letter without returning you my sincere 
 thanks for the obliging manner in which you express yourself 
 towards me. I shall be happy if I can deserve your good 
 opinion, as I always wish to meet with the approbation of those 
 whom I regard and respect." Draft. 
 
 Sir Edward Walpole to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1777, March 2. Pall Mali.—" Particular bodily infirmities, to 
 which I am subject at times, prevent me the honour of waiting 
 on your Lordship, as in all propriety I ought to do if I could ; 
 nevertheless, you now have the trouble of reading only, not of 
 
346 
 
 writing, my present purpose importing no more than to express 
 my concern that your Lordship was not pleased to honour me 
 with a more confidential letter than that which I receiv'd from 
 you. By trying to get the Duke's debts paid, I could not mean 
 that your Lordship should be the person to move it in the House 
 without the previous consent of the King, but I did mean, and I 
 hoped your Lordship would see I did, that you should speak to 
 the King yourself in that behalf, preparatory to which the Duke 
 himself can do nothing. He can neither do nor undo. What he 
 has done cannot be undone. The succession to the Crown in the 
 persons of Queen Mary and Queen Anne are recent proofs of the 
 truth of this assertion. If so, the worthy Duke's being undone 
 himself is a poor satisfaction, and the suffering him to sink when 
 he should be raised is just the same as by any act to ruin him. 
 
 " Between active and passive persecution, between positive and 
 negative destruction, there is no difference to the feel and but very 
 little in the colour. And as to reconciliation, can your Lordship, 
 can any man living say what method there is for him to pursue 
 in order to regain the King's affection, if he never forfeited it ? 
 If your Lordship can suggest any such method, I dare say you 
 will have the goodness to impart it to me by some proper hand 
 or means that I may forthwith convey it to the Duke : who, I 
 know, will receive it with double joy from your Lordship, as he 
 is sensible you are his friend. And though your Lordship may 
 think it too big a compliment paid to my understanding to talk 
 with me freely on great and arduous matters and concerns of 
 State, yet upon this subject you cannot refuse me an open and 
 friendly opinion and assistance : moreover, as I have been on 
 the side of Government throughout the whole of the contest with 
 the Colonies, and have particularly admired your Lordship's 
 firmness and perseverance since your accession to the Ministry 
 in such measures as would force them, not court them, to 
 obedience ; persuaded as I am and as I once said to a consider- 
 able person, that an inveterate pox can not be cured by lenitive 
 electuary, I have still a farther claim upon you. And here I 
 stop, hoping still that you will speak to the King and that you 
 will speak in time, and that you will think of me rather partially 
 than otherwise ; for turning the perspective glass diminishes too 
 much and flings one at too great distance ; likewise that you will 
 permit me to flatter myself that upon a nearer inspection and 
 better knowledge of me you would not be displeased with putting 
 confidence in me." 
 
 The Duke of Gloucester to Sir Edward Walpole. 
 
 1777, March 12. Kome.— " Dear Sir, — Yesterday's post 
 brought me your letter of the 18th of February, the contents of 
 which have given me hot little uneasiness. I am truly sensible 
 of your affectionate meaning in writing to Lord George Germaine, 
 but I cannot but heartily wish your warmth of heart had not led 
 you to take that step, it having been my plan for these last two 
 years not to trouble the King in the least with anything that 
 
847 
 
 concerns me, as I have too great reason to see how obnoctious I am 
 unfortunately grown to him ; besides, in the repeated applica- 
 tions I have made to the King through Lord Eochford and Lord 
 North, my whole idea and wish has been to get a Provision for 
 the Dutchess and my children in case of my death ; a request 
 that appears to me so much my duty to have made, and of so little 
 trouble to the Crown to grant, that it preys much upon my mind 
 my having as yet failed in, as it is surely both just and moderate. 
 
 " As to the getting any debts of mine payed by Parliament, it 
 has ever been far from my thoughts, knowing full well the little 
 claim I could have for such an application ; and being ready 
 enough to confess my follies ought only to be redressed by my 
 future oeconomy. I am now ten years older than I was, and as 
 my only object in life is the care and education of my children, I 
 have long bid adieu to views of ambition. Mistake me not in 
 this point, for whenever the King or my country call for me, I 
 shall stand as forward as ever and shall let all paternal affections 
 sleep for that moment. But till that time comes, it is my firm 
 intention to pursue a retired and ceconomical plan. 
 
 " I am as much at a loss as you are, Dear Sir, to explain Lord 
 George's meaning where he says that he trust my judgement will 
 lead me to pursue every method wish (sic) may speedily produce 
 that happy union, dfcc, &c. I know of no fresh offence I can have 
 committed since my first declaration of my marriage ; and I had 
 flattered myself that I had clearly proved to the King the absolute 
 necessity I was under of making that publick declaration at that 
 time ; if ill minded people have misrepresented me to the King 
 since that time, it is totally out of my power to know what effect 
 that may have had. I have never troubled the King but for a 
 provision for the Dutchess and my children, and I must again 
 repeat it ; that it's not having been granted me yet, grieves me 
 to the soul. This application is misunderstood by the ministers, 
 and the King is lead to believe that the granting it would be a 
 mark of his approbation of my marriage ; whereas it would really 
 be but an act of justess. The late King of France in '72 gave the 
 Duke of Orleans leave to marry, but required the marriage to be 
 kept secret until the Dutchess should be with child, in which case 
 the King would have received her at Court, but nevertheless 
 immediately impowered the Duke of Orleans to provide for this 
 Dutchess. 
 
 "The King of Spain last summer, tho' he had just made a 
 new law to hinder the Infants of Spain marrying without the 
 consent of the Crown, in immitation of the Royal Marriage Bill 
 in England, suspecting his brother's intention of marrying, yet 
 gave his consent to a private marriage, and allowed the Arch- 
 bishop to marry them, and also immediately empowered his 
 brother to make very great settlements upon his wife and 
 children. I am further assured that the King intends soon to 
 receive them publickly at Court. The Infant has been twice with 
 the King since his marriage. 
 
 "I have now fully explained my reasons for wishing you had 
 not wrote to Lord George Germaine ; but at the same time must 
 
348 
 
 desire you to be assured I am truly sensible of the warmth and 
 zeal you have ever shown towards me. Yours, William Henry." 
 
 Postscript. — "As I do not by any means feel myself so well as I 
 did last winter, I propose if I am not wanted at home to pass 
 another winter abroad ; and as I had the King's leave of absence 
 brought me by Lord North, I cannot suppose Lord George 
 Germaine conceives my being abroad can offend." 
 
 With note, dated Pell Office, Exchequer, April 3, 1777, and 
 signed "Edward Roberts," that the above is a true copy of the 
 Duke's original letter to Sir Edw. Walpole. 
 
 The Duke of Gloucester to [Lord George Germain]. 
 
 1777, March 31. Rome. — " My Lord, — I take the oppurtunity 
 of Sir John Dick's returning to England, who will deliver this 
 letter into your own hands, to write to you confidentially upon a 
 matter which I have much at heart. 
 
 "It is impossible for me to see the great warlike preparations 
 that I may say every European State is making, without express- 
 ing my earnest desire of serving whenever the King may find 
 himself obliged to take a part. I ask no questions, only desire, 
 my Lord, most warmly, that whenever that event is likely to take 
 place you will present my duty to the King and assure him how 
 happy I shall be to prove my attachment to him by being ready 
 to serve at a moment's warning. 
 
 "I wish much, my Lord, to interest you for Sir John Dick, who 
 has faithfully and ably served the Crown twenty-three years. 
 To you only I can venture to recommend a person whom I have 
 the greatest regard for, as I know you will not let him suffer 
 for his attachment to me. The King expressed himself very 
 graciously about Sir John to me, in seventy-two, when I returned 
 from Italy. His great attention to me for five weeks in a most 
 dangerous illness was the origin of our acquaintance ; but the 
 knowledge I have had of him since makes me know how deserving 
 he is of any mark of favour his Majesty may be so good as to 
 bestwo (sic) upon him. I remain, yours, William Henry." 
 
 Sir Edward Walpole to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1777, June 1. Pall Mall, Sunday. — "I received a letter from 
 the Duke of Gloucester on Friday, of which the inclosed is a 
 
 copy. 
 
 " I am desirous upon the occasion of paying my respects to 
 your Lordship, whenever it may be most convenient to you, as I 
 should be glad of your Lordship's opinion on some points relative 
 to the Duke's proposal before you move in it. 
 
 " I am obliged at the same time, as I am an invalid and am in 
 my doctor's hands, and have a ceremonial to go through every 
 morning, to beg that your Lordship will not appoint me before 
 one o'clock any day. 
 
 "Perhaps, if your Lordship, who are very indulgent to me, 
 would condescend to call upon me, as you must frequently pass 
 
349 
 
 by my door, you would be sure of not being interrupted while we 
 are in conference, and I should run no risk of waiting among 
 strangers till you could speak to me, which to a man who never 
 comes out but with the flies and the bees and the insects, is a 
 formidable thing ; I don't know what they may take me for." 
 
 Postscript. — " The sooner I am enabled to answer the Duke's 
 letter the better, on account of his double journey if necessary." 
 Seal of arms, in garter. 
 
 Enclosure. 
 
 The Duke of Gloucester to Sir Edward Walpole. 
 
 1777, May 16. Venice. — " I received your letter of the 16th of 
 April two days since. I am most sincerely obliged to you for 
 it, as it gives me fresh proofs of your affection and zeal. 
 Lord G. Germain's conduct towards me is truly uniform and 
 handsome ; if you should find by him that it would be pleas- 
 ing to the King that I should come over now, I will set out 
 immediately, to show how desirous I am to give the King 
 every mark in my power of duty and attachment. 
 
 " At so great a distance it is impossible to discuss every point 
 or enter into a minute defence of my conduct ; however, I 
 must say I have been misinterpreted. If the coming over 
 now should be approved of I will leave my family at Verona 
 and return to them, as I feel it necessary, if I am not wanted, 
 to pass another winter at Rome. 
 
 " I must repeat my warmest thanks to you for the very friendly 
 part you have taken. As to Lord G. Germain, I must leave 
 it to you to assure him how very sincerely I am affected with 
 his conduct towards me.' " Copy by Sir Edward. 
 
 Sir Edward Walpole to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1777, June 1. Sunday evening. — Thanks him for his good 
 nature ; will be exceedingly proud to have the honour of a visit 
 from his Lordship, and hopes to see him next day. 
 
 Lord George Germain to the Duke of Gloucester. 
 
 1777, July 2. Pall Mall. — " I had the honor of receiving your 
 Royal Highness's letter by Sir John Dick, and I was very happy 
 in seeing that your Royal Highness does justice to my zeal for 
 your service, in trusting me to execute your commands upon so 
 important an occasion. There is no immediate prospect of a 
 war with France, yet I thought the offer you were pleased. to 
 make of your service should be communicated to His Majesty. I 
 therefore took the first opportunity of acquainting the King of 
 the letter I had received and of the offer I was empowered to 
 make, should this country be involved in a war with foreign 
 powers ; as the case did not exist, I did not wish for any answer, 
 but I had the pleasure of observing that the spirit and zeal of 
 your Royal Highness met with approbation. I hope I did not do 
 
350 
 
 wrong in mentioning your Koyal Highness's intentions as early 
 as possible, as I hoped that every mark of duty and attention to 
 his Majesty could be productive of no bad effect. 
 
 " Sir John Dick may depend upon my best services, if I can be 
 of the least use to him. I was happy to hear from him that your 
 Royal Highness and the Dutchess were in perfect health." 
 
 Mr. Jennings to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1777, August 7. Trent.— " Having heard his Royal Highness 
 the Duke of Gloucester express himself in the warmest manner 
 with respect to your Lordship's sincere and friendly conduct 
 towards him, I am therefore assured that you will not require 
 any apology from me for troubling you on an occasion on which 
 his Royal Highness's life seems to depend. 
 
 " I doubt not but that your Lordship will steal a little time 
 from your important avocations and exert the whole of your 
 bright abilities to bring about and complete a reconciliation 
 which foreigners and Englishmen all pretend ardently to wish 
 for, but which none but your Lordship has yet had the spirit 
 and skill to urge his Majesty with any effect upon. 
 
 " If a letter from the King is sent to the Duke, tho' filled only 
 with general expressions of kindness such as family civility in 
 the intercourse of private life would dictate, even that would be 
 of material use, but if nothing further follows the Duke will (I 
 fear) think that the message which I deliver'd was only an artifice 
 to keep up his spirits, and it will be impossible to prevent his 
 falling into that fixed and desperate affliction in which I found 
 him. 
 
 " Could the correspondence between the King and the Duke be 
 reviv'd on the former private footing (without the intervention of 
 others) in which it once subsisted, it would render the remainder 
 of the Duke's life happy; or should his strength be so far 
 exhausted as to make him past recovery, at least secure his death 
 in peace. 
 
 " Consider, my Lord, and paint it in those natural and affecting 
 colours which you can do, that the King of England's brother, 
 once his favourite, his friend, now hangs in a cott and at the point 
 of death in a mean apartment in a little insignificant town a 
 thousand miles from home, and that if it had not been for the 
 romantick generosity of a private gentlemen, Baron Cressen, and 
 his brother, who of their own mere motion compelled him in a 
 manner to come into their house, the Duke, Dutchess, and the 
 Prince and Princess, their children, would have been now lying 
 in an inn far worse than any subaltern officer was ever quarter'd 
 in in England. 
 
 "His Royal Highness is so emaciated that Doctor Jebb and 
 Mr. Adair declare no living person that they ever saw equall'd 
 him. His appearance is quite shocking, he has lain above six 
 weeks on his back without strength to move himself, nay could 
 his posture with the assistance of others be changed, his bones 
 would pierce through his skin, which as he is, is with difficulty 
 
351 
 
 prevented by pillows and bolsters made for that purpose ; the 
 Dutchess, worn almost to a skeleton also with anxiety and fatigue, 
 sits disconsolate by him. His Koyal Highness said to me with 
 the most affecting look and tone of voice, ' I am indifferent 
 about myself, I have scarce a wish to live, and feel again what I 
 have done for some years past, but what is to become of the 
 Dutchess, what of my children when I am gone?' I told the 
 Duke in the strongest terms the anxiety of the King to be 
 acquainted with every particular respecting his Koyal Highness's 
 health, nay, his commiseration of the Dutchess's situation, which 
 I was authoriz'd to declare by the person to whom his Majesty 
 expressed himself as touch' d with it. What I said on that sub- 
 ject had the best effect, it seemed to quiet the Duke's mind 
 greatly, and he was refresh'd a little time after with some sleep, 
 and when he awoke that disconsolate gloom which I at first 
 perceived in the Duke and Dutchess's countenance seem'd much 
 dispelled. 
 
 " To enable your Lordship the more effectually to proceed, it 
 is proper to acquaint you what the message was which I deliver'd, 
 and how procured, and you may judge from thence that if so 
 slight a thing can have produced those wonclerfull effects which 
 the medical gentlemen (tho' with a trembling doubt) think it has 
 produced, what is to be expected if no time is lost in going a little 
 further. 
 
 "I went to Court on Friday, the 18th of July, to take leave, 
 and kiss the King's hand on going abroad, which was all that the 
 Lord of the Bedchamber mention'd. The King, after some kind 
 expressions respecting my own health, ask'd me on what day for 
 certain I set out. I answer'd ' Sunday, or at furthest Tuesday, 
 unless I am honor'd with your Majesty's commands to the con- 
 trary ; ' the King repeated, ' Sunday or Tuesday,' and seem'd to 
 muse a short time ; he then, as he left me, said something low 
 which I did not understand, but which sounded like ' You shall 
 hear from me,' or some such words. 
 
 " On Friday night I received a letter from Col. Hey wood, giving 
 the most alarming accounts of the Duke's condition. I sent this 
 to old Kamus, the King's favorite page, with arespectfull message 
 in writing from myself, which I desired him to repeat to his 
 Majesty ; the purport of it was that hearing of his Majesty's 
 anxiety to be acquainted with every particular respecting the 
 Duke of Gloucester's state of health, I sent a letter which I had 
 received the night before concerning it for his Majesty's perusal. 
 I was authoriz'd in this proceeding by the King's repeated 
 requests to Mr. Le Grand, Col. Eainsford, and Mr. Stiel, a servant 
 of the Duke's, to communicate to his Majesty all the letters and 
 accounts which came from Trent, and I am informed that the 
 King read with the greatest avidity all the letters which came 
 even from the pages and inferior servants of the family to one 
 another, and I knew people made their court by delivering at the 
 Levee publickly as well as privately all the accounts and reports 
 they could collect, and by talking to his Majesty openly and 
 directly about the Duke of Gloucester. 
 
352 
 
 " I accompanied the preceding part of my message with a 
 request that his Majesty might be acquainted with my intention 
 to proceed by the shortest road and quickest conveyance to the 
 Duke of Gloucester, but that I would not set out till I had 
 receiv'd his Majesty's commands, assur'd that any token of affec- 
 tion which his Majesty might please to send to his Royal 
 Highness would operate more effectually towards the Duke's 
 recovery than any efforts of his physicians. 
 
 "I was inform'd that the Bishop of Litchfield, having seen my 
 message, had most humanely, and in a manner most becoming 
 to his function and station, privately spoken with the King on 
 the subject. I, however, received no commands. 
 
 " On Tuesday morning, having order'd my chaise to be ready 
 against my return to London, I went down to Kew, and desired 
 the page in waiting to acquaint the King that Mr. Jennings most 
 respectfully awaited his Majesty's commands, on the receipt of 
 which he proposed setting out instantly for Trent. The page 
 told me that his Majesty had told old Mr. Ramus that he thank' d 
 me for my attention, but would not trouble me with any thing 
 at that time ; I soon made young Mr. Ramus (the father being 
 absent at that time) sensible of the importance of procuring some- 
 thing from the King to the Duke, and his Majesty being from 
 home, I waited about an hour and a half for his return, when the 
 King drove into the courtyard with the Queen, and immediately 
 went along the passage leading towards the garden. Mr. Ramus, 
 running after him, stopp'd him almost at the end while I stood at 
 some distance near the back entrance into the house. I just 
 caught the King's eye, and was honor'd with a slight salute, and 
 then his Majesty follow'd the Queen into the garden, while 
 Ramus coming up to me told me exactly these words, ' Sir, the 
 King orders me to tell you that he is much obliged to you. He 
 desires you to give his love to his brother, and he heartily hopes 
 you will find him quite recover 'd.' 
 
 "I have not made the Duke acquainted with all these 
 particulars, I do not know how far it will be at all necessary, but 
 I am sure it would be improper in his present condition to do so ; 
 on the contrary I have placed things in the most favourable light, 
 not directly inconsistent with the truth, which I could possibly 
 do, in hopes as well of comforting the Duke at present, as of 
 reviving (as far as I can) a reciprocity of affection. Here ends 
 the scope of my ability ; 'tis under your Lordship's direction I 
 shall proceed in future, if there remains any part for me to play 
 which can be beneficial to the Duke or his family ; if not, it is 
 not my intention to assume any impertinent airs of consequence 
 for the little I have done on this occasion, nor do I expect that 
 your Lordship should call off your attention from any of your 
 business to enter into a correspondence with me. 
 
 "To a person of less discernment than your Lordship the 
 minutice with which this letter is swelled to its great length might 
 appear absurdly introduced and needless, and perhaps on any 
 other occasion than in the little busyness of a court they would be 
 really so, but being convinced that the strength and clearness of 
 
353 
 
 your judgment is far superior to any general conclusions I could 
 draw, I submit the whole and exact state of facts. 
 
 "That your Lordship's efforts may succeed I most heartily 
 pray, to the securing for your Lordship for ever a steady friend 
 near the King, be whatever party prevalent in Government ; to 
 the doing an act of justice to a much injured prince, and to 
 the saving our Sovereign's character in the present as well as 
 future ages from the stain with which all the inhabitants of the 
 Continent think it, and without reserve declare it, tainted, by the 
 unrelenting conduct of his Majesty towards his brother; a 
 precedent sovereigns and their subjects both condemn and scorn 
 to aid in carrying into execution, a precedent most of them 
 declare unfrequent and vicious in the most arbitrary countries, 
 but absolutely new in the history of England, where the same 
 events have happen'd before, but never were follow'd by such 
 effects. 
 
 "I flatter myself the Duke of Gloucester has that opinion of 
 my sincere and faithfull attachment to his interest that he will 
 believe a wish to promote his happiness and advantage is the sole 
 motive of what I say or do respecting him. Yet I fear I run the 
 risk of his displeasure in saying what I do, but from my particular 
 observations I am most solemnly of opinion that if his Eoyal 
 Highness dies it will be of a broken heart, however his fortitude 
 may conceal the effects of it from others who have known less 
 than myself. The vexation and anxiety of mind which have 
 prey'd on him for these last seven years have brought him to the 
 condition in which he is in, not the distemper to which the 
 family are subject, that being but a secondary and very inferior 
 cause. 
 
 " I trust to your Lordship's generosity to put the best inter- 
 pretation on what may have perhaps rather imprudently escaped 
 from my pen, yet if it produces any good to the Duke I care very 
 little for its consequences to myself." 
 
 Endorsed: — "For your Lordship's private perusal only." 
 
 Mr. Jennings to Lord George Germain. 
 
 Same date. — A formal letter sending the Duke's thanks to the 
 King for his kind message, which has been a great comfort to 
 his Eoyal Highness. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 [1777.] — "In full confidence of your Lordship's honour I 
 again pass the bounds of prudence in writing what others less 
 sincerely attach'd to his Royal Highness the Duke of Gloucester 
 might hesitate in doing lest they should doubly expose themselves 
 to the Duke's displeasure and the King's resentment for their 
 interference between them; but having had the honor of his 
 Koyal Highness' s confidence and friendship for several years, I 
 feel that the best return I can make for his kind intentions 
 towards me is to promote his and his family's happiness and 
 
 21250 Z 
 
354 
 
 welfare by all the means I can, without heeding little forms, 
 and trust to the purity of my intentions for my justification. 
 
 " I must premise that I have no authority whatever from his 
 Royal Highness to write this letter to your Lordship, and that I 
 do it purely with the hopes of enabling your Lordship to com- 
 plete what you have so nobly and successfully begun with greater 
 facility, in acquainting you with the state of things which my 
 being near His Royal Highness enables me to be acquainted 
 with. 
 
 ''In consequence of your Lordship's powerfull influence the 
 King wrote a letter to the Duke dated August 18th, which arrived 
 at Trent on the 3rd of September. On the 5th (being the next 
 post day) his Royal Highness with great difficulty did contrive to 
 write an answer in his own hand to the King. These letters con- 
 tained, on the one part, an assurance of protection to his children 
 in case of the Duke's death, and on the other, an acknowledge- 
 ment of the King's kindness in so doing; they were both written 
 in warm and affectionate terms. Excepting enquiries from his 
 Royal Highness's servants, &c, &c, &c, by the King, Queen, 
 and Prince of Wales, which indeed have been very constant and 
 strongly marked, I know of nothing further which has passed at 
 this time. To bring about an interview on the Duke's return yet 
 remains to be done, and to ensure the continuance of the inter- 
 course. 
 
 "If the King intends a compleat, open, and general reconcilia- 
 tion without any reserve whatever, His Majesty will probably 
 cause his commands to be signified to the Duke of Gloucester, 
 who is (I am confident) disposed to receive them with all due 
 respect and to pay obedience to them. If it is requisite that the 
 Duke should begin first, His Royal Highness will (I understand) 
 ask the King's permission to wait on him to thank him for what has 
 past, and as the Queen and Prince of Wales have severally made 
 enquiries, he will also ask to pay his acknoledgments to them, 
 and as it is a circumstance of material consequence to bring the 
 children acquainted with each other, the Duke will desire leave 
 to present his to the King and Queen, &c, provided any hint is 
 given that it will be agreable. Their Majesties will not (it is 
 hoped) omitt to desire a repetition of these visits and a continu- 
 ation of this intercourse, both in general terms and in some 
 particular invitations. Your Lordship will be pleased to 
 remember in the arrangement of these things, that the Duke is 
 and will be quite unable to walk or even stand up without 
 succour, and that this circumstance must be provided for : the 
 pre-arrangement of these little things may tend to take off all 
 appearance of coolness and distrust between the family, and it 
 may save His Royal Highness some little awkwardness in being 
 under the necessity of mentioning them to your Lordship, to find 
 you have already prepared everything. The Duke will, I under- 
 stand, acquaint your Lordship of his arrival and proceed in the 
 affair under your Lordship's counsels. 
 
 " Trusting to your bright and steady abilities, and your real 
 good intentions, I assure myself that the public prints of Europe 
 
355 
 
 will soon announce the compleat and happy reconciliation of the 
 Koyal Family of England through your Lordship's mediation, 
 an event which there will not probably be another opportunity 
 (if the present fails) ever to bring about, and which, if longer 
 delay'd, may lay the foundation of a settled enmity between the 
 two branches, and produce the worst of evils to posterity. 
 
 " Although I write with the utmost freedom, I beg your Lord- 
 ship will not believe I do so with any impertinent design of 
 dictating to your better judgement ; on the contrary I feel a strong 
 deference, and submit myself entirely to it, and assure your 
 Lordship that for your noble procedure towards my Koyal Friend 
 and Patron, whatever so private and inconsiderable an individual 
 as myself may ever have in his power to do to shew his attach- 
 ment to you shall be executed with the most gratefull alacrity." 
 
 Maria, Duchess of Gloucester, to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1779, Aug. 26. " Pavillions," H[ampton] Court.— Kecom- 
 mending Mr. Edward Eoberts, a very deserving young man, and 
 asking his Lordship's influence with Lord North on his behalf. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1779, Sept. 5. "Pavillions." — Thanking him for his kind 
 response to her request. 
 
 The Duke of Gloucester to Lord G. Germain. 
 
 [Undated.] Gloucester House, Sunday morning. — Will most 
 certainly be very glad to see him when convenient, and will then 
 express his thanks for his Lordship's very kind and manly 
 behaviour. 
 
 XV. — INDIA. 
 
 Sir Eobert Fletcher (Commander-in-Chief at Madras) to 
 Lord George Germain. 
 
 1776, September 21. Fort St. George. — I beg to offer my 
 congratulations to your Lordship on your taking charge of a 
 department so worthy of your distinguished abilities, and as I 
 think it not improbable that the transactions of India may shortly 
 be connected with that department, I hope you may not think me 
 too forward in my present address. Affairs here fall little short 
 of American confusion, and party contests' never before rose to 
 such a height. Those of Bengal have lately been submitted to 
 decision at home. "It is much to be regretted that abilities both 
 in the Cabinet and the field such as the Council of Bengal 
 possess, could not be got to co-operate for the public good. A 
 man of more public ability for the administration of India than 
 Mr. Hastings possesses lives not. The other members possess 
 each very distinguished merits." 
 
356 
 
 As to this Presidency, " I will only say that opposition in our 
 Council ran to such violence between the majority, of which I 
 was a member, and the minority, led by Lord Pigot, that matters 
 came at length to mutual suspension, or rather expulsion, of each 
 side. Lord Pigot expelled first the majority and took possession 
 of the Fort. We, to prevent bloodshed, were obliged to arrest 
 his person the day thereafter, outside the Fort, an act happily 
 executed, and which prevented civil war." 
 
 I have done all in my power to put this army on a respectable 
 footing, "my powers, as Commander-in-chief, as lately established 
 by the Company, being sufficiently ample for the regulation and 
 direction of the troops. But one of Lord Pigot's first measures 
 was to supersede those powers, and to assume them in his own 
 person on his expedition to Tanjore." 
 
 France has still an ambitious eye on this country, but if we 
 keep up our harmony with our best ally, the Nabob, and are 
 supported from home, I am confident that she will find her 
 attempts in the Carnatic ineffectual. It is fortunate that the 
 Nabob's cavalry is in some order, and that he has not disbanded 
 many of his troops, for Hyder Ally's army is very numerous and 
 in good order, and his joining the French is to be apprehended. 
 
 I am uneasy at the unfinished state of our fortifications, but 
 for this Lord Pigot is to blame. I enclose the Resolutions which 
 the Governor General and Council in Bengal have passed against 
 him for violating the rights of the Nabob of the Carnatic, 
 guaranteed by the Treaty of Paris. Lord Pigot's treatment of him 
 was such that his Highness, in a fit of despair, assembled his friends 
 and declared that " since he had been so grossly and so publicly 
 dishonoured his life was not worth preserving, calling them to 
 witness that if he was found dead in the morning Lord Pigot was 
 the sole and only cause of it." 
 
 Postscript. October 6. — We have just received from the 
 Governor and Council of Bengal a complete and unanimous 
 approbation of our conduct and condemnation of Lord Pigot. 
 In duplicate. 
 
 Enclosing, 
 
 A copy of the Resolutions of the Council of Bengal against 
 Lord Pigot, dated August 7, 1776. 
 
 Lord North to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1779, December. Downing Street. — Enclosing the answer of 
 the Secret Committee of Directors of the East India Company to 
 the ideas stated to them by his Lordship, and requesting an opinion 
 upon the draft of his reply. 
 
 Thomas Poplett to the Same. 
 
 1780, Oct. 5. Goree. — Gives an account of a dispute between 
 Governor Wall and Captain Adams of the 75th Regiment. The 
 troops at Goree are supplied with but little fresh meat, although 
 the beef is better than that in the West Indies, " and the ordinary 
 
357 
 
 price of two bullocks is a piece of Baff, which is generally sold 
 by the East India Directors for about 15s. sterling, and great 
 quantities of cattle are to be had daily." 
 
 Governor Wall has appointed the writer " by warrant, Barrack 
 Master of this garrison and island, in lieu of a little boy, about 
 eight years old, that formerly was nominated to that office, named 
 Fortye, now in England." 
 
 [Archibald?] Campbell to [Lord George Germain?]. 
 
 1780, Nov. 2. " On board the Kingston at Sea."— " I have this 
 moment borrowed a quire of paper and a pen with a determina- 
 tion to write you, my own things in the hurry and confusion of our 
 embarkation being stored away the Lord knows where ; but I feel 
 myself so overloaded with matter that I am totally at a loss where 
 to begin or how to arrange in any kind of order the multiplicity 
 of ideas that crowd on my imagination; however, I shall 
 endeavour to dash them down as I can separate them, without 
 reserve or partiality, having a thorough reliance on your friend- 
 ship and judgment for the suppression of anything that either 
 the heat of my disposition or unripe judgment may lead me to 
 advance. And as the critical situation of affairs in this country is 
 of much greater consequence than a recital of my private 
 adventures, I shall suppress them till I have the happiness of 
 seeing you, and confine myself entirely to what has and is likely 
 to happen in this quarter of the globe. 
 
 " I suppose it is unnecessary to tell you anything more of Sir 
 Thomas Rumbold's conduct at Madras than that he ruined the 
 country, drained the Treasury without putting any one place in 
 a proper state of defence, and finding nothing more was to be 
 squeezed out of the oppressed natives, resigned the government 
 at the very time he ought to have exerted himself most, and set 
 sail for Europe with his illgotten wealth, which I hope will not 
 prevent his being hanged on his arrival, although everybody here 
 seem to think a proper application of it will smother all enquiry 
 into his iniquitous behaviour and procure him a peerage at least. 
 The best comment on the conduct of his successor, Mr. Whitehill, 
 is the present deplorable situation of the Company's affairs; it will 
 be both tedious and disagreeable to trace him through all his 
 blunders, but some of them are so very unaccountably curious as to 
 force me to mention them, such as his suffering Hyder Ally to enter 
 the Carnatic at the head of an immense army without his taking 
 any steps to prevent him, not even so much as assembling the 
 army, and when he appeared within sight of Madras, exclaiming, 
 'Who the devil would have thought it,' notwithstanding his 
 being repeatedly admonished of it by some members of the 
 Council, whom he caused to be suspended for their officiousness, &c. 
 
 "For the very same reasons that I touch so lightly on the 
 political conduct of Mr. Whitehill, I leave the manoeuvres of General 
 Monro in the Cabinet to be related by himself, if he can get any 
 one to attend to him, and follow him into the field, which I can 
 safely venture to do on paper. I wish the poor fellows whom his 
 stupidity and obstinacy has absolutely sacrificed had gone no 
 
358 
 
 further. I shall endeavour to give you the best account of bis 
 extraordinary campaign that the information I am possessed of 
 will allow, but as I was not on the spot, cannot absolutely vouch 
 for the authenticity of it, but I believe I shall not be far wrong. 
 
 " He marched from Madras with the following troops, 26 
 August : — 
 
 Numbers 
 
 His Majesty's 73rd Eegt., about - - - 650 
 
 The Artillery at the Mount 230 
 
 The 21st Battalion Seapoys - 750 
 
 Twenty-four field pieces and four howitzers. 
 He was joined at the Mount by Colonel Brathwaite's detachment 
 from Pondicherry, consisting of : — 
 
 The 2nd Battalion 1st Eegt. of Europeans - 300 
 
 The 14th, 15th, 16th and 17th Battalions of Sea-| g 00Q 
 poys each 750 men, in all - - - j ' 
 
 Six — pounders and two 3-pounders, 
 
 And one company of Artillery, about - - 75 
 With ' this force he took the field and marched as far as 
 Conjeveram to favor the junction of Col. Baillie, who was on 
 his march from the Northern Circars with the following detach- 
 ment under his command : — 
 
 A Company and half of Artillery, about - - 100 
 
 Two Company s European Infantry - - 100 
 
 Three Battalions of Seapoys, viz : the 2nd Circar) 
 Battalion, and 1st and 11th Carnatic Battalions, j- 2,210 
 making about - J 
 
 Six Companys of the 7th Battalion Seapoys - 820 
 Baillie was attacked on his march by Tippa Saib, Hyder's eldest 
 son, with a large body of horse and foot, but met with such 
 resistance that he sent off to Hyder, who was then besieging 
 Arcot, that unless he moved with his whole army to his assistance 
 nothing could be done. At the same time Monro received 
 intelligence from Baillie of his situation, and that he could not 
 pursue his march unless speedily and strongly reinforced. 
 Hyder without loss of time raised the siege of Arcot and flew to 
 support his son with all his army. Monro instead of making a 
 motion to prevent this junction, which it was in his power to have 
 done, lost the opportunity, and eight and forty hours after took 
 the fatal resolution of sending the following detachment under 
 the command of Colonel Fletcher to Baillie' s assistance : — 
 
 The Grenadiers and light infantry of His Majesty's) 9nn 
 73rd Regt., about - - - - J ZUU 
 
 Two Companies of European Grenadiers of 2nd| 9nn 
 Battn. 1st Regt. and of the 2nd Battn. 2nd Regt.) ZUU 
 
 Ten Companies of Seapoy Grenadiers of the fi ve lgQQ 
 battalions, about - J 
 
 The Company of Marksmen, about - - 90 
 These joined Baillie on the evening of the 9th without any 
 accident, and on the 10th the whole moved towards Conjeveram 
 in a hollow square, headed by the Grenadiers and light infantry 
 of the 73rd, supported by the Company's Grenadiers. They had 
 
359 
 
 not marched far when they were attacked by the Horse, whom 
 they repulsed in various onsets with prodigious slaughter, till 
 they came to a hollow way in which a Mr. Lally, Cf who is at the 
 head of 500 Frenchmen in Hyder's service, had constructed four 
 batteries. The two first of these was so contrived that the 
 muzzles of the guns were on a level with the ground, and of 
 course not perceived by our people till they were within the reach 
 of grape, when they were opened and did dreadful execution, 
 notwithstanding which they were immediately attacked and 
 carried, one by the Europeans, the other by Captain Kumley at 
 the head of five hundred Seapoy Grenadiers. They were no 
 sooner in possession than two batteries in the rear of these they 
 occupied immediately plumped into them and they were blown 
 out again with a most horrid slaughter. At the same instant a 
 flight of 500 rockets blew up the only two remaining tumbrils, 
 which effectually broke the square, and the Horse at this critical 
 minute having driven the camp followers in amongst them, pre- 
 vented their forming again, and cut them to pieces indis- 
 criminately and by all accounts without mercy. The Europeans 
 still fought on and made a desperate charge through the enemy 
 with their bayonets, and pursued their march till they came to a 
 grove full of fresh troops, where the business was soon compleated, 
 and every man of them would have been put to the sword if it 
 had not been for the humanity of a French officer, who made his 
 way to Hyder and told him his people were butchering the 
 remains of the detachment in cold blood ; Hyder with a frown 
 that sufficiently denoted his purpose to have been death, could 
 not help giving an order for the carnage to cease, and the poor 
 remainder were taken prisoners. I inclose you a list \_wantincf] of 
 the killed, wounded, and missing, the best I have been able to 
 procure, although not a compleat one, as it mentions only 77, and 
 there are 86 officers missing ; as for the privates there is no 
 certain account of their fate — it is even doubtful if any have 
 escaped, although many give out that more than two hundred 
 are saved but mostly wounded. Monro, notwithstanding the 
 representations and remonstrances of everybody about him, 
 would not quit his camp till he heard the firing — they tell you 
 that Lord Macleod went on his bare knees to him, after having 
 exhausted every argument he could think of without effect ; and 
 after he did move, instead of marching directly for the detachment 
 and attacking the troops between him and them, by which means 
 he would have placed them under two fires, supposing the 
 detachment still existing, of which he had no certain intelligence 
 to the contrary, the beast took a circular route with an idea of 
 attacking Hyder in front, but before he got near him, hearing 
 the fate of the detachment, he sent the whole to the right about, 
 and pushed to regain his camp with an alacrity which if put in 
 practice at a proper time would have rendered him one of the 
 greatest men -of the age. Thus fell the finest body of troops ever 
 
 *M. Demotz de Lallee; not to be confounded with Comte Lally Tollendal, 
 executed in 1766. 
 
360 
 
 collected together in India, through the obstinacy and stupidity 
 of one man. The capriciousness of fortune never was more fully 
 displayed than in the transactions of these few days ; after, I may 
 say, courting him to victory and throwing opportunities in his 
 way that would have required the utmost skill and exertion of a 
 man of the greatest abilities to have brought about, that it should 
 end in the destruction of so many fine fellows ! I have no 
 patience while I mention it ; I could swear if it would mend the 
 matter, for indeed I am more than half mad. Even old 
 Humphry Bland tells every Ensign in the Army if you advance 
 a Corporal and four you ought to support him with a Sergeant 
 and twelve, but not a word of making your detachment more 
 numerous than what ought to be your main body. When he got 
 to his camp he employed himself in feeble attempts to destroy 
 his battering train, which he had tugged all the way from 
 Madras with him, but his camp not affording anything in the 
 shape of a sledge hammer, the trunnions could not be knocked 
 off, neither was there a spike fit for the purpose. All that could 
 be done was breaking the carriages and tumbling the guns into 
 a tank. He then gave out orders for the army's march at three 
 o'clock in the morning, but thinking better of it, at twelve he 
 went to the left of the line, and putting himself at their head 
 desired the word to be passed from one corps to another without 
 sending or leaving so much as an aid-de camp either to acquaint 
 the troops with what was intended or see that his orders were 
 complied with, the consequence of which was that Lord Macleod 
 and the 73rd regiment, with two battalions of Seapoys, were left 
 fast asleep in the camp. At 3 o'clock they began to prepare for 
 their march, but to their utter astonishment could neither 
 perceive General nor army. Lord Macleod declared he would 
 not quit his ground without orders, and continued for some time 
 in that resolution, till his officers represented that it was of a 
 piece with the whole of the General s conduct, and at last finding 
 the matter grew serious he consented to move. Leaving every- 
 thing standing he followed the road he supposed the General had 
 taken, and happened to be right. The two battalions of Seapoys 
 were not so fortunate, but happily for them the day brake time 
 enough for his Lordship to bring them into the line of march. 
 The blunders he (General Monro) committed on the retreat are as 
 extraordinary as what happened before, but I am tired in relating 
 them ; it is sufficient he continued his march for thirty-two hours 
 without intermission, which brought him to Chingliputt, where 
 he was joined by Lieut. -Col. Cosby with the following reinforce- 
 ments from Tanjore by the way of Gingee, after having lost 
 about 60 men in endeavouring to surprize Chittapet : — 
 
 Men 
 
 Black Cavalry, well appointed, about - - 580 
 Nabob's Seapoys attached to the Cavalry - 500 
 Ten Grenadier companies of Seapoys from the 
 Battalions stationed at Tritchinopoly and Tan- 1 700 
 jore, about 
 
361 
 
 Three Battn. companies of the 19th Battn. Seapoys - 200 
 Four small field pieces mann'd by black Artillery 
 belonging to the Nabob. 
 The fatigue of the march was so very severe that Capt. 
 Gilchrist of the 73rd died without having received a wound. Two 
 officers of the 73rd with upwards of 250 men were so totally 
 knocked up that they were obliged to be left behind at Chingla- 
 putt what proportion of the Company's troops were left in the 
 same situation, I have not yet heard. From hence he continued 
 his march to Marmelong, where he arrived on the 15th, within 
 four miles of Madras ; the effect this second march had on the 
 remainder of his troops I am unacquainted with, but I know for 
 certain that the 73rd has not more if so many as two hundred 
 men left fit for duty. I am told for certain that the soldiers, both 
 black and white, hissed and reviled him on the march, and we 
 have a report that both officers and men have actually refused to 
 take the field again under his command. As far as 1 can learn 
 he has not as yet sent any kind of return to Sir Eyre ; neither 
 has any one of his family furnished us with a single circumstance 
 wherewith we might defend his conduct or account for his 
 behavior. The Nymph sloop brought the intelligence of these 
 transactions to Bengal in four days, and a letter from Sir Hector, 
 the purport of which was that he had neither men, money, nor 
 provisions, and, poor man, did not know what to do. The 
 Supreme Council came immediately to a resolution of supplying 
 them with as much rice as was requisite, and accordingly con- 
 tracted for 100,000 maunds {margin, 60 pound weight) to be sent 
 off as it could be procured. They likewise resolved to send Sir 
 Eyre Coote with a reinforcement of : — 
 
 Two hundred Artillery - - - - - 200 
 Three hundred European Infantry - - 300 
 
 The General's body guard of the 73rd Regt. - 50 
 And about eight hundred Lascars for the guns 800 
 with stores and ammunition and fifteen lacks of rupees, under the 
 disposal of Sir Eyre, who I fancy on his arrival at Madras will 
 overturn the present Government and take everything in his own 
 hands, but as I have not seen the consultations of the Board, I 
 only guess at this part of it. Now, my dear Sir, you must allow 
 me to give you the reasons which made me condemn these pro- 
 ceedings when in Bengal, as I do not think that even the safe 
 arrival of the reinforcement sets them entirely aside. ... I 
 am not afraid to tell you my private opinion, and I do not believe 
 I am single in it if people dared to speak out. But men in this 
 country appear to have no other God than money ; gain is their 
 summum bonum, the amor patricz is entirely out of the question, 
 and poor John Company may go to the devil if individuals can 
 but fatten on the spoil : I do not believe there ever was in 
 the world so liberal a master so infamously served." I have 
 to write from memory, without maps and papers, but hope you 
 will make out my meaning. " I look on Bengal as the seat of 
 
 * The writer more than once spells the same name in two ways. 
 
362 
 
 Empire, and in the utmost danger, even if this reinforcement 
 had remained to defend it, of being overrun by a body of at 
 least 60,000 Mahrattoes now assembled at Cutteck ready to make 
 an irruption the moment the rains are over ; exasperated by our 
 behaviour towards them by making a partial and impotent 
 attack on them which has answered no other purpose than 
 draining our Treasury, and depriving our own dominions of a 
 very large body of our best troops whom we now want to defend 
 them, and are at such a distance that it is impossible to get them 
 back in time if at all ; I mean Goddard's army. In the next 
 place it is certain that Nazaphe Cawn, the King of Delhi's 
 General, is at the head of 60,000 men ready to fall on the 
 dominions of the Nabob of Oude. Him we have likewise 
 exasperated by the most childish and impolitic behaviour I ever 
 heard of. Can you believe that Mr. Hastings, merely for the 
 sake of humbugging Capt. Mordaunt, who commands the Nabob's 
 bodyguard, should be weak enough to authorize him to raise a 
 body of 8 or 10,000 men to make an attempt on Delhi, merely 
 that he might have the giving away his appointment to another 
 man, which has taken place ; and now poor Mordaunt' s prepara- 
 tions are ordered to be laid aside ; Nasuphe Cawn must feel 
 himself stung and that to the quick at so barefaced an insult, and 
 if he ever meant to be our friend, will not now fail to exert him- 
 self to the utmost against us. Another fact is that Hycler has 
 had an ambassador at Delhi for more than a twelve month, a 
 circumstance I was perfectly acquainted with when- up at Luck- 
 now, but which the Governor was totally unacquainted with till 
 very lately. It certainly then was our business to have kept well 
 with him at any rate ; as far as I can see there appears to be a 
 general combination of all the powers in India to drive us out of 
 the country ; our forces, which if collected together is more than 
 fully sufficient to defend our own provinces and- punish the 
 aggressors, are so scattered in making futile attempts to increase 
 our dominions, which already are more than we can or ought to 
 wish for, that I think we run a very great risk of losing every- 
 thing As it now stands I fear the Mahrattoes 
 
 will not be prevented from making an excursion if they chuse it, 
 the consequence of which must be the total loss of the revenue 
 for this year, and the unhinging of everything. How can you 
 support a war against so many enemies at the same time and 
 find subsistence for troops that are scattered all over the face of 
 India, whilst an enemy is ravaging your own country, preventing 
 all manner of people, both farmers and manufacturers, from 
 carrying on their business, and at the same time giving so bad 
 an impression to men of property that they are afraid to trust it in 
 your hands. The strongest proof I can give you of the truth of 
 this latter idea is the Governor and Council not being able to get 
 a single rupee paid into the Treasury at five per cent., which was 
 the terms held out by their first proclamation, but were obliged 
 to recall it and offer eight per cent, in a few days afterwards ; 
 this is called the first loan and is for forty-five lacks. The second 
 loan is said to be in favour of the Company's servants, for twenty 
 
363 
 
 lacks to be paid in England in five years at the rate of 20 per 
 cent, of the principal yearly and interest upon the whole at the 
 rate of 4 per cent., but subject to the determination of the Court 
 of Directors in England, and in case of their disapprobation the 
 subscribers to be repaid their money in Bengal with the same 
 interest as the first loan bears, eight per cent. The third loan is 
 by way of annuity payable in England at the rate nearly of 10 
 pound per annum for the thousand rupees, this is for twenty 
 lacks more. . . . When we arrive [at Madras] , which I hope 
 will be to-morrow, we cannot take the field immediately for the 
 rains and the want of camp equipage, which Mr. Monro's expedi- 
 tion has effectually made away with, and I fear instead of striking 
 that dread into Hyder which we ought to do if we could act with 
 vigour on our landing, we shall, as I have often seen in America, 
 dwindle into nothing more than an addition of so many rank 
 and file ; in short I cannot help thinking we have given up a sure 
 and certain game to put everything to the hazard and leave the 
 fate of India to be decided by fortunate circumstances which may 
 happen but cannot be depended on. If our ship had been lost, 
 arid I think I never was so near it in my life, pray how would 
 you have made head against Mr. Hyder or any other power ; the 
 other ships of our fleet are gone the Lord knows where, and we 
 are not yet on shore ; if the monsoon breaks before we get 
 ashore, if it does not sink us we must go to Ceylon, from whence 
 we cannot get to Madras for some months, which certainly might 
 have been better employed in making the proper preparations in 
 Bengal for taking the field when the season permitted, and if we 
 do get to Madras I cannot think the object after all worth the 
 risque we have run. His Majesty's and the Company's ships are 
 obliged to leave the coast on the 15th of October, it is now the 
 2nd of November, the very day that such destruction was done 
 in a former monsoon. ... I pity Sir Eyre's situation from 
 the bottom of my soul ; to be obliged, at his time of life, to resyne 
 his well-earned reputation on an expedition of this kind. He is, 
 as far as I can see, the only man in power in India that acts for 
 the good of the Company and Nation. . . . 
 
 "4th November. — Happening to mention last night to Sir 
 Eyre that I had been writing to you, he desired me to add his best 
 compliments, and as I have got the pen in my hand I shall men- 
 tion a few things I have omitted in the body of my letter o wing- 
 to the confusion there is on board. They say that a body of 
 Erench troops are expected on the coast to join Hyder, and give 
 that as a reason for sending the detachment, but I think Sir 
 Edward Hughes ought to be able to give a good accQunt of them 
 if they attempt it, and if they do effect a landing our presence 
 cannot be of any service, as we shall be obliged in that case to 
 retire into Fort St. George, where we shall only add to the crowd, 
 as there are certainly troops sufficient left to sustain a siege 
 without us. They say the Admiral has been at Tranquebar and 
 bought from the Danes ten thousand saddles and as many stand 
 of arms, which it is supposed were intended for the use of the 
 Nabob of Arcot's second son, who is suspected of having a good 
 
364 
 
 understanding with Hyder. Hyder is said to have lost ten 
 thousand men and six thousand horses in his engagement with 
 the detachment at Conjeveram ; he is in possession of almost all 
 the forts in the Carnatic, and his army is said to exceed 100,000 
 men. He has left a strong body at Conjeveram, and is besieging 
 Arcot with the rest." 
 
 [Madras.] . . . "I do not suppose the world ever 
 exhibited such a train of villainy as has been practis'd here ever 
 since the departure of Sir Thomas Kumbold. I thought it 
 impossible to refine on his conduct, but the gentlemen here have 
 displayed [such] a genius for rascallity that I would pitt them 
 against the Devil himself. Things have turned out nearly as I 
 supposed, we have had certain intelligence from Bengal that 
 Nazuphe Cawn has concluded a treaty with Laindee the Mahrattoe 
 and means to do exactly what I foretold. This blows up all Mr. 
 Hastings' hopes and assertions that the Mahrattoes would accept 
 of the terms he had offer 'd them. We cannot take the field till the 
 rains are over, and since our arrival the army has been put in 
 cantonments. Our whole force does not exceed five thousand 
 men, Europeans and all. The detachment expected from Bengali 
 under the command of Col. Pierce of the Artillery, consisting of 
 ten battalions of Seapoys, cannot arrive in Madras in less than 
 three months, allowing they are not molested by the Mahrattoes 
 at Cuttack . . . Hyder has taken Arcot since our arrival, 
 before which place Sir Eyre Coote lost more men than in the 
 siege of Pondicherry. The Europeans who were in it capitulated 
 to the number of one hundred and sixty men on condition of not 
 serving against him during the war, and are arrived safe at 
 Madras. ... A vessel sail'd yesterday to Bombay with 
 dispatches to Sir Edward Hughes and orders for Goddard to 
 attack Hyder on his side immediately ; I suppose we shall not 
 move till we think he has time to begin his work and then we 
 shall act vigorously on this side." 
 
 Endorsed : — " Mr. Campbell, Transactions in India." 
 
 [Lieut. -Col.] Patrick Ross to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1781, September 22. Johanna, Ship Asia. — A long narrative 
 of the expedition intended for the Cape of Good Hope under 
 Commodore Johnstone and General Meadows. Reports an 
 engagement with the French fleet on April 16, off St. Jago, Cape 
 Verde Islands. On July 10, they were joined by the frigates, with 
 a captured Dutch ship, the people on which informed them : — 
 "That the war with England was announced at the Cape the 31st 
 of March by a French schooner on her way to Mauritius. That 
 an overland express from the English East India Company had 
 been stopped, and the French had contrived to get possession of 
 the dispatch, which contained orders for the attack of Nega- 
 patam and Ceylon. That a ship arrived at the Cape in April, 
 from the coast of Choromandel, with an account of Hyder Ally 
 having last year, in the month of July, entered the Carnatick, 
 plundered Porta Nova, gone to Pondichery and invited the 
 
365 
 
 French to return to the possession of it, and afterwards laid siege 
 to Arcot, on which General Munro marched with the Com- 
 pany's troops to Conjiveram, where he waited for the junction 
 of Lieutenant-Colonel Baillie with a detachment from the north- 
 ward. That Hyder got notice of the Colonel's approach, and 
 waylaid him on the 6th of September, who, notwithstanding, 
 gained some advantage over Hyder' s people. That General 
 Munro, on hearing of this, sent Lieutenant- Colonel Fletcher with 
 some Highlanders and twelve companies of Grenadier Sepoys to 
 effect the junction of Colonel Baillie's detachment, on which 
 Hyder raised the siege of Arcot and went with all his force to 
 oppose it. That on the 10th of September he surprised them 
 with the opening of a considerable battery, which they 
 immediately attacked, and which soon made the action become 
 general on both sides. And whilst victory hung doubtfull, the 
 unfortunate blowing up of four English ammunition tumbrils 
 decided it for Hyder, who, availing himself of the confusion the 
 accident occasioned, ordered his cavalry to cut in amongst them, 
 and terminated the day with the demolition of the party, and the 
 loss of Colonel Fletcher killed, and Colonel Baillie wounded and 
 prisoner. That, on hearing of this disaster, General Munro had 
 retired to cover Madras, Hyder's parties having penetrated as far 
 as Vipery. That General Coote was on his way from Bengali with 
 ten thousand men for the relief of the coast. That Hyder had 
 retired on account of the monsoon, and that the French fleet 
 from the Islands was at the Cape when this news arrived, on 
 which they immediately returned." 
 
 The African coast was sighted on July 20, and in Saldana Bay 
 several English ships were rescued from the Dutch. On board 
 the Romney they found the King of Tarnet (?Ternate) and his son, 
 who had long ago been stolen by the Dutch and confined on Kobin 
 or Penguin Island until the war broke out, when for greater 
 security they were put on board the India ships. 
 
 On July 27, when all were hoping to be allowed to attack 
 Mons. Souffrein, who was reported to be in False Bay, Com- 
 modore Johnstone suddenly announced his intention of leaving 
 them, and thus ended the expedition, greatly to the disappoint- 
 ment of the writer. After a very tedious voyage from the Cape, 
 the ships reached Johanna on the 2nd and 3rd inst. The King's 
 troops were here removed from the East India Company's ships, 
 and left to "pursue their destination" as best they might, 
 without protection. 
 
 Paul Benfield to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1781, October 10. Fort St. George, Madras. — The causes of 
 Hyder's Ally's invasion are so variously represented that he 
 believes his Lordship will not be displeased to receive " an 
 abstract from Kecord " of the circumstances to which he believes 
 it may be chiefly ascribed. 
 
 Although Hyder's progress at first was alarming and rapid, he is 
 unable to maintain his ground before the British army, which 
 
366 
 
 has had the advantage of him in three engagements since July 
 last, and probably his departure is at no great distance. 
 
 Proceedings in the Carnatic. 
 
 [1781, October.] — Paper endorsed " Abstract of correspondence 
 and measures that preceded Hycler Ally's invasion of the Carnatic 
 in September, 1780." [Sent enclosed in Mr. BcnfielcVs letter 
 above. ,] 
 
 " In consequence of an offer made by Bassalut Jung, thro' 
 the Nabob of the Carnatic, to give up the Circar of Guntoor to the 
 Company on certain conditions, a treaty of alliance was con- 
 cluded between him and the Government of Madras the 27th 
 April, 1779. 
 
 " A small detachment under the command of Lieut. -Colonel 
 Harper was sent about that time by sea to Mootapillie in the 
 Guntoor Circar, from whence it was to proceed to Adoni, the 
 residence of Bassalut Jung, agreeable to the treaty made with 
 him. 
 
 " The Governor [Rumbold] acquainted the Nizam that a body 
 of troops was to be sent to defend the possessions of his brother 
 Bassalut Jung against Hyder Ally Cawn, who at that time was in 
 that neighbourhood with a large army. 
 
 " He wrote at the same time to Hyder to inform him that the 
 English Government had entered into a treaty with Bassalut 
 Jung and promised to defend his country, and it was hoped 
 he, Hyder, would lay aside his intentions against him if he had 
 formed any. 
 
 " The Governor wrote Fazel Beg Cawn that his view in sending 
 troops to Bassalut Jung was to defend his territories against 
 Hyder, whose ambition it was necessary to check, and he for that 
 purpose requests Fazel Beg Cawn to send some of his troops to 
 join the English. Thus it became universally known that the 
 English had taken Bassalut Jung under their protection and 
 meant to support him against all his enemies, particularly 
 against Hyder, who had long intended to strip him of his terri- 
 tories. 
 
 " The English troops were detained several months in the 
 Circar of Guntoor for want of provisions, before they could pro- 
 ceed to Adoni. As part of the Cuddappa country lately conquered 
 by Hyder lay between the Guntoor Circar and Adoni, Colonel 
 Harper, who commanded the detachment, thought it necessary 
 to apply to Aly Reza, Hyder' s manager, for leave to allow the 
 detachment to pass through Hyder's territories, but the answer 
 he received amounted to a refusal. Colonel Harper had orders 
 to proceed, and the Governor wrote to Aly Reza, desiring he would 
 let the troops pass through the district he commanded, but he 
 gave no answer to the letter. The English troops were harassed 
 on their march by parties of horse, and when they came within 
 a few miles of Dournal, in the Cuddappa country, Colonel 
 Harper received intelligence that the pass was blocked up by 
 Hyder's people, who were determined to oppose his passage. 
 
367 
 
 Colonel Harper having with him but a few days' provisions, 
 thought it imprudent in his situation to advance. He therefore 
 retreated to Ennindoa in the Guntoor Circar, and when the 
 Presidency was informed of it, preparations were made to reinforce 
 the detachment, and the Governor wrote to Hyder to demand a 
 free passage for the troops, but received no answer. Bassalut 
 Jung, who had long impatiently waited for the arrival of the 
 English troops, upon hearing of their retreat gave himself up to 
 despair. His country was overrun and laid waste by Hyder's 
 Horse, and he was told plainly by Hyder that he must give up his 
 connexion with the English to keep upon good terms with him. 
 The Nizam on the other side, foreseeing that if the English troops 
 got to Adoni his brother would effectually grow independent of 
 him, did everything he could to prevent their getting there, and 
 wrote to his brother a threatning letter to make him give up his 
 alliance with the English. 
 
 " Bassulut Jung seeing no likelyhood of his being soon relieved 
 by the English, saw no remedy left but to throw himself upon 
 his brother the Nizam's protection, to obtain which he solemnly 
 promised to drop all connexion with the English. The Nizam 
 upon this granted him his intercession with Hyder, who ordered 
 his troops to evacuate the country of Adoni. The detachment in 
 the Guntoor Circar had in the meantime been reinforced, and 
 Colonel Baillie was appointed to the command of it in the room 
 of Colonel Harper. While they were on their march to Adoni, a 
 letter was received from Bassalut Jung desiring them not to pro- 
 ceed, as he had then no occasion for their services. 
 
 " The. Nizam had been much hurt at the conduct of the 
 Government of Madras in attempting to support one of his 
 vassalls and dependents in direct breach of the treaty made with 
 him, and his displeasure was greatly encreased by the demand 
 made of him about the same time to give up the Peshcush or 
 tribute money for the Northern Circars. The resentment he 
 betrayed on that occasion is fully expressed by himself in a 
 letter he wrote to Fazel Beg, which was forwarded by the latter 
 to Mr. Bumbold. Finding, however, that it was in vain to con- 
 test the point with the Government of Madras, he applied for 
 redress to the Governor General, whom he earnestly sollicited to 
 interpose his authority ; at the same time he was not idle in pursu- 
 ing those measures he thought would be most effectual in lowering 
 the power of the English, for he offered himself a mediator 
 between Hyder and the Mahrattas and brought about the alliance 
 between them in October 1779, promising to join them himself 
 in attacking the English on all quarters. Sir Thomas Bumbold, 
 suspecting that Hyder Ally had taken umbrage at the treaty 
 concluded with Bassalut Jung, sent Mr. Swartz to him to sound 
 his intentions, and wrote him a friendly letter, which Hyder 
 answered in very different terms. Hyder shortly after this 
 received intelligence that the English troops commanded by 
 Colonel Harper had attempted to force their way through the 
 Cuddappah Country, and that there had been a skirmish between 
 his people and them. It is probable that he, from that hour, 
 
368 
 
 considered the peace between the English and him to be at an 
 end, since they had actually commenced hostilities. He began 
 from that time to make preparations for war and to treat all the 
 English who came into his country like enemies. The Nabob 
 having no doubt of his designs, from the private information he 
 received from his court, acquainted the Government of Madras 
 of it, and called upon them to make preparations for the defence 
 of the Carnatic, but all to no purpose. 
 
 " Mr. Gray was sent by them to Hyder to obtain the release of 
 some English gentlemen who had been made prisoners in his 
 country. The answer Mr. Gray brought from him was sufficiently 
 declaratory of his hostile intentions, but no notice was taken of it. 
 This letter was received the 29th of March, before Sir Thomas 
 Eumbold embarked for Europe, and Hyder invaded the Carnatick 
 in the July following." 
 
 [Lieut.-Col.] Patrick Eoss to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1782, March 6. Bombay. — Continues his relation of proceed- 
 ings, from the time of the writing of his last letter. (See p. 364 
 above.) The Indian news reported from Johanna is confirmed, 
 and news has come of the French fleet of eleven sail of the 
 Line, besides frigates and fireships, with 2,500 land troops, being 
 in Madras Eoad in the beginning of February. General Coote 
 is in the field against Hyder, who has taken Arcot. General 
 Stewart has lost his leg and Colonel Brown is killed. The Dutch 
 factories on that side of India were all taken possession of by 
 the British on the breaking out of the war, and General Munro 
 and Sir Edward Hughes have since taken Negapatam and 
 Trincamallee. The Bombay troops have taken Bassein Callicut 
 and several other places, and are, it is hoped, meditating a stroke 
 of importance. Begun on the same sheet as the previous letter, and 
 endorsed "Duplicate originals, forwarded from Bombay." 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1782, November 3. Fort St. George. — Transmitting copies of 
 the letters of which the originals were forwarded from Bombay, 
 and giving a long account of his proceedings and of the situation 
 in India. Mentions Col. Brathwaite's defeat in the Tanjore 
 country by Tippoo Saib on February 18 ; Sir Edward Hughes' 
 action with the French fleet on February 17 ; Col. Humberston's 
 success over a party of Hyder' s troops, at Tricalore ; the 
 repair of Col. Home, Capt. Smith and the writer to interview 
 Col. Humberstone at Tanore near Calicut, their voyage round 
 Ceylon, during which they were chased by the French fleet, and 
 their safe arrival at Madras, where they found things in a very 
 unpleasant situation, the effects of last year's scarcity evident in 
 the feebleness of the inhabitants, the Company's civil servants 
 unpaid, the army in arrears and wanting necessaries, the Treasury 
 without money, and public credit depressed by lack of confidence 
 in those entrusted with the management of the Company's affairs. 
 
369 
 
 The revenues of the Carnatic, entirely under the management of 
 Lord Macartney, are much reduced, by the desolating war there ; 
 the Nabob, "who once to have seen was to be rich," now dependent 
 on his Lordship for the daily subsistence of himself and his 
 family, and complaining that although the acknowledged Prince, 
 he has not even the shadow of authority left, in spite of his treaty 
 of assignment with the Bengal government. 
 
 The preliminaries of the Mahratta Peace have been received 
 from Bengal with much satisfaction, but Hyder's continuing the 
 war and receiving from Mons. Souffrein the prisoners taken at 
 sea by the French (see narrative addressed to the Commissioners, 
 beloiv) gives rise to apprehensions that he will not ratify them. 
 
 General Coote has gone to the southward ; Sir Edward Hughes 
 arrived at Madras on July 20, after a third action with the French 
 on the 6th in which he had the advantage ; Col. Horne has been 
 taken at sea, going to command the southern army. 
 
 October 31. — Sir Edward Hughes has again come in, after a 
 fourth action with the French on September 3 off Trincamallee, 
 of which the French had got possession during his absence by 
 capitulation of the garrison, who have been sent back in cartel 
 ships. They say they were obliged to capitulate for want of 
 shot. Sir Edward has hoisted his flag on board the Sidtan, 
 meaning to carry his fleet round to Bombay, and Sir Kichard 
 Bickerton has arrived on this coast. General Coote' s disappoint- 
 ment in not obtaining supplies preyed so much on his mind, as 
 to give him a severe bilious illness which endangered his life, 
 and he has had to give up the command to General Stuart and 
 return to Bengal. The good news of Lord Kodney's success has 
 been brought in by the Juno. 
 
 There is great anxiety lest the present distresses of the Settle- 
 ment should be increased by famine, the sad effects of which are 
 every day seen, and will be greatly increased if the grain vessels 
 cannot be protected from Mons. Souffrein. Dated November 3 at 
 the end, and evidently icritten at various times. 
 
 [To] the Eight Honourable the Lords Commissioners for the 
 management of the affairs of the East Indies. 
 
 1782-1784. — Unsigned paper so headed, being the narrative of 
 an English officer who was on board the Hannibal, Captain 
 Christie, going out to Madras to join the squadron under Admiral 
 Sir Edward Hughes, when she was taken by the French on 
 January 22, 1782. Kelates the sufferings of the English officers 
 during the five months they were imprisoned on the French 
 ships, their delivery by the French Governor at Cudalore to 
 Hyder Ally, and their subsequent treatment and hardships. Many 
 died on the march to Bangalore, which occupied six weeks, from 
 want of food, drinking stagnant water, and lying at night in the 
 open air exposed to a deluge of rain. At Bangalore they were 
 confined in close prisons, with their legs heavily ironed. In 
 October, 1782, certain of their number, viz. : Messrs. Drake, 
 Masters, Le Sage and Austin, midshipmen, captured in the 
 
 21250 
 
 2A 
 
370 
 
 Hannibal, Messrs. Hudiman, Wilkinson (alias Wilkins) and 
 Randall Cadman, midshipmen, captured in the Resolution (armed 
 store ship), and Mr. Willey, 6f the Fortitude, Indiaman, together 
 with about twenty of the youngest people, were sent to Sering- 
 apatam. The rest remained where they were ; their bed the floor 
 of their prison, and their food unwholesome rice and water, until 
 they were given up on the 25th of April, 1784, to Lieut. Dallas, 
 of the Company's troops, who escorted them to Madras. 
 
 XVI. — MINORCA. 
 
 Lieut. -Governor James Murray to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1776, August 27. Minorca. — I cannot sufficiently thank you 
 for your kindness to my friend, Major Caldwell. " I may now 
 congratulate your Lordship on the reduction of America. Sir 
 Guy Carleton will have it in his power to reinforce his army with 
 10,000 Canadians, and the Indians to a man are at our devotion. 
 The Lakes Champlain and George we should be masters of. 
 
 The summer will be very well employed in establishing 
 
 the Army at Albany, filling the maggazines there with everything 
 which will be wanted next summer, and securing the communica- 
 tions with Canada. That being done, I shall be disapointed if 
 the winter doeth not produce Chart Blanche from the rebels. If 
 they persist in their obstinacy, I see nothing to make me alter 
 
 the opinion I wrote last year to the Secretary at War 
 
 I ever thought the offensive war was to be pushed from the side 
 of Canada. I take the liberty to enclose a copy of that letter. 
 
 " I think your Lordship should know that a great number of 
 American ships come up the Mediterranean with impunity. We 
 have only a 60 gun ship and four frigates from Lisbon to Constan- 
 tinople." Fifteen or eighteen vessels belonging to this Island 
 could be employed, if they were commanded by Lieutenants or 
 inferior experienced officers. " Our neighbours, though both 
 nations have equipped squadrons this summer, I believe do not 
 mean to disturb us ; I am, however, much upon my guard. A 
 most perfect harmony subsists betwixt the German and English 
 troops, and I am particularly happy in possessing the affection 
 of the garrison and the inhabitants, .... but unless we soon 
 finish the business in America our neighbours cannot be so much 
 wanting to themselves as not to strike." 
 
 Enclosing : — 
 
 Extract from a letter from himself to Lord Barrington (Secretary 
 at War), dated 1st July, 1775, giving his views on the best 
 mode of prosecuting the American War. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1777, Sept. 6. Mahon. — Enclosing a copy of a letter from 
 his brother, Lord Elibank, releasing him from the payment of 
 
371 
 
 a debt amounting to sixteen thousand pounds. The General 
 proceeds: — "I am glad the Howes have avoided a general 
 engagement. The fate of battles at the best are precarious. 
 When Burgoyne gets over the lakes, and Sir John Johnstone 
 penetrates with his Indians, Sir Wm. Howe's detachments 
 co-operating with them, must open the eyes of the deluded, 
 unshackle the constrained, and accomplish your most sanguine 
 wishes without much bloodshed. I take it for granted the only 
 men in arms which Washington can depend upon are the 
 emigrants from Europe who have not yet been mollify 'd by an 
 American possession. The native American is an effeminate 
 thing, very unfit for and very impatient of war. I dare say 
 everyone of them are praying for peace, and will be happy to be 
 liberated from the oppression of the usurpers. I hope you'll 
 hang the French renegadoes to terrify their countrymen from 
 the like practices hereafter." 
 
 Lieut. -Governor James Murray to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1778, March 18. Mahon. — The importance of the subject 
 must be my excuse for troubling you with the enclosed papers. 
 If Wright obtains the patent [of the living of Ciudadella] for 
 Olivar I shall be able to prove simony, which by Minorkeen 
 laws makes it null and void. "If I am baffled in this business 
 I shall loose all credit with the people, and then any other person 
 will carry on the government here better than I can do." 
 
 Enclosing : — 
 
 Papers and copies of letters from himself to Lord Weymouth 
 and others concerning the attempts made to interfere with 
 his right of recommending to the " Pabordership " of 
 Ciudadella, and the offering of bribes to Mr. Johnson and 
 Mr. James Wright, his own and General Mostyn's 
 secretaires, on behalf of persons anxious to obtain the 
 living. 
 
 The Same to the Same. 
 
 1778, November 14. Minorca. — I have had no earlier 
 opportunity of thanking you for your letters received from Sir 
 William Moor, who has arrived, but narrowly escaped being 
 taken by a French frigate. The enemy's cruisers surround the 
 island, and the only chance of communicating with the continent 
 is when a neutral ship drops in. " I am now perfectly convinced 
 Lord Weymouth meant me no injury in the affair of Olivar's 
 living. The candid proceedings of that noble man in this 
 business must for ever attach me to him ... It is now all 
 very well. The law is taking its course with Mr. Olivar, and I 
 knew it was impossible for me to govern here had I acted other- 
 wise ... I set out by governing the people by their laws ; 
 they had been so little used to that mode of government, it was 
 some time before they could be convinced I was sincere ; at last 
 I acquired their confidence, but had Wright succeeded I must 
 have been totally overset. . . . 
 
372 
 
 " Lord Amherst's promotion makes me very happy for many 
 reasons. I love and esteem the man, and I think him the fittest 
 person for the great task he has to perform of any of our 
 generals, and is, into the bargain, a very great favourite of 
 Fortune, which the Eomans, I believe very justly, thought a 
 necessary ingredient in their generals. Until his late appoint- 
 ment to the command in chief, I never could account for his not 
 being sent to America when General Gage was re-called. The 
 salvation of Great Britain is of more consequence than the 
 restoration of peace to the Colonies." 
 
 LlEUT.-GoVERNOR MURRAY to LORD GEORGE GERMAIN. 
 
 1779, March 14. Fort St. Philip— Sending the copy of a 
 letter to Lord Amherst, for whose behaviour he cannot account. 
 He little thought he would have to suffer by his Lordship's 
 exaltation, but if he survives the siege, he will retire with great 
 satisfaction. 
 
 Enclosing : — 
 
 Letter to Lord Amherst of the same date, declaring that 
 he cannot do justice to his King and country unless his 
 authority is supported. On taking the command his Lord- 
 ship made it a ride to attend to the recommendation of the 
 Colonels for the vacant ensigncies, yet the ensigncies in the 
 13th regiment of joot have been filled up from the recom- 
 mendations of the Lieut.- Colonel while his own are neglected. 
 He has this day heard of General Mostyn's death, but as he 
 cannot get an ensigncy for a friend in his own regiment, it 
 ivoidd be ridiculous to expect the government of Minorca. 
 Fears a successor cannot arrive before the j ate of the Island 
 is decided, as Fort St. Philip may be invested before the 
 15th of April, but hopes, if he does come, he will find that 
 everything possible has been done for the defence of the place. 
 No exertions of his own shall be wanting to assist the new 
 Governor in repelling the enemy. 
 
 Governor Murray to the Same. 
 
 1779, October 15. Minorca. — Kequesting his interest with 
 Lord Amherst in favour of Sir James Murray (son of Sir 
 Kobert Murray and of the writer's sister), who is the writer's 
 heir and the only object of his care, and who can only be 
 honourably extricated from the West Indies by promotion to a 
 regiment at home. Wishes that supplies of money and pro- 
 visions could be sent. A re-inforcement of men they do not 
 dream of till they are once more masters of the seas, which 
 they flatter themselves may be the case next spring. Till then 
 he believes the Island will not be attacked, as it is too late to 
 attempt St. Philip's Castle by a regular siege, and the winters 
 there are boisterous to a degree, which will secure them from 
 annoyance from the enemy. In duplicate. 
 
373 
 
 Fort St. Philip. 
 
 1782, January. — Copies of papers relative to the defence of 
 Fort St. Philip, in the Island of Minorca — besieged by the French 
 under the Due de Crillon. 
 
 1. Questions submitted by General Murray to the officers of 
 the garrison for their consideration as to the best way of 
 disposing the troops of the garrison in order to continue the 
 defence, dated January 18, 1782. 
 
 2. The state of the effectives of the different corps and of the 
 guns in garrison. 
 
 3. The reply of the officers, recommending the proposal to the 
 Due de Crillon of a suspension of arms for a fixed period, after 
 which, should no relief arrive, the fort to be given up. 
 
 4. General Murray's answer, stating that their answer " takes 
 in a latitude " he never meant to give them. He consulted them 
 on the point how best to prolong the defence, and on that alone ; 
 he will never consent to propose terms for surrender until driven 
 to the last extremity, and he adjures them to obey him and 
 execute his orders. If they refuse, he must resign the command 
 to the Lieut. -Governor, whom he sincerely believes to be a better 
 officer than himself, and who certainly is a better politician. 
 
 5. The reply of the officers, announcing their determination to 
 obey him. Signed by Major-General H. B. de Sydon, Colonels 
 G. W. Linsey, Henry Pringle, John Bruce, John Acklom, Lieut.- 
 Colonels H. de Hagan, C. H. de Gruben, Wm. Gauntlet, James 
 Case, Capt. Gilbert Townsend. [Probably the papers alluded to 
 below.'] 
 
 Governor Murray to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1782, Feby. 16. Mahon. — Encloses a copy of a letter to 
 Lord Hillsborough. Captain Don will present the letter to Lord 
 George, and is able to inform him minutely of every circum- 
 stance relative " to the general and the siege." 
 
 Enclosure : — 
 
 Governor Murray to Lord Hillsborough. Marked " Private, 
 to be laid before his Majesty if Lord Hillsborough shall think 
 proper.'" Detailing the unhappy differences between Sir 
 Wm. Draper, the Lieut. -Governor, and the writer relative to 
 the surrender of the place to the French, and forivarding 
 authentic papers by Captain Don. Could have held out two 
 months more, had the garrison continued in health. Copy. 
 
 XVII. — MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Lord William Russell to King Charles II. 
 
 1683, July 19. Newgate. — " May it please youre Maiesty, — 
 Since this is not to be deliuered till after my death i hope your 
 Maiesty will forgive the p' sumption of an attainted man's 
 writtinge to you. My cheife Buisnes is humbly to ask your par- 
 don for any thinge that i haue sayd or done that might looke 
 
374 
 
 like want of respect to your Maiesty or duty to your Goverment, 
 in which though i doe to the last moment acquitt myselfe of all 
 designes against your person, or of alltering your Goverment, 
 and protest i know of noe designe now on foote against eyther, 
 yett i doe not deny but I haue heard many things, and sayd some 
 things contrary to my duty, for which as i have asked God's 
 pardon, soe I humbly begg your Maiestye's, and i take the 
 liberty to add, that though i haue mett with hard measure, I 
 forgive all concerned in itt from the highest to the lowest, soe 
 that i goe out of the world free from all resentments, and i pray 
 God to bless both your person and government, and that the 
 public peace and the Protestant religion may be preserved under 
 you, and i craue leaue to eand my dayes with this sincere pro- 
 testation that my heart was euer devoted to that which I thought 
 was your true interest, in which if I was mistaken I hope your 
 displeasure against me will end with my life, and that no parte 
 of it shall fall on my wife and children, which is the last petition 
 will euer be offered you from, May itt please your Maiesty, your 
 Maiesty most faithfull, most dutyfull and most obedient subiect, 
 Will. Russell." 
 
 This is a true coppy from the originall. Wittnes, — R. Russell, 
 John Russell. 
 
 Endorsed: — " Lord Russell's letter to the King. The copy sent 
 to the Countess of Northampton by Lady Russell." 
 
 Pobt St. Maey's. 
 
 1702, October 30. — The Duke of Ormond having, by her 
 Majesty's command, issued a declaration that all Spaniards who 
 did not oppose him should be protected, and certain officers and 
 soldiers having, notwithstanding, plundered Port St. Mary's : 
 The question is — 1- What punishment they have incurred, and 
 2. How it may be inflicted, whether by Court of Law or Court 
 Martial. 
 
 With Judges' opinion that the offenders are not punishable in 
 England, either by Court of Law or Court Martial. Eighteen 
 signatures. Copy. 
 
 Endorsed : — " Judges' opinion about the trial of those that had 
 plundered Port St. Mary's." 
 
 Order in Council. 
 
 1702, November 11. — Referring to the judges the following 
 query : — Sir Henry Bellasis and Sir Charles Hara having been 
 put in arrest on one of her Majesty's ships at sea, by order of 
 the Duke of Ormond, commander of the Sea Expedition, for 
 plundering at Port St. Mary's, and having broken from the said 
 arrest and come ashore in England ; whether they may not be 
 sent back on board the ship, and what prosecution may be had 
 in law. 
 
 With the opinion of the judges thereupon. That they cannot 
 be sent back, nor any prosecution by law be had against them. 
 Dated November 13. Copy. 
 
375 
 
 0. P. to Sir Spencer Compton. 
 
 1727, November 14. — " The subject of this letter must, I think, 
 necessarily be the subject of your own daily thoughts in your 
 present situation ; and tho' I am very sensible few men reason 
 better, yet, as a stander-by, whose reflections are cool, often 
 observes something that escapes him who is engaged at play, I 
 flatter myself here are at least one or two hints which may 
 deserve your most serious reflection. I chuse to keep a mask 
 upon my face that my reasons may have just as much weight 
 with you as they deserve in themselves, and be neither too much 
 or too little considered upon the account of the person they come 
 from. I wish you extreamly well both for your own sake, and 
 as I think you more capable at present than any man alive to 
 serve your country ; and shall therefore give you a frank and 
 true account of what I find people say and think both of you and 
 your rivalt in power, and what the publick, your prince, your own 
 reputation and safety, all seem to demand of you. 
 
 " During the reign of his late Majesty, while you fill'd the 
 chair with great capacity, you at the same time gain'd the con- 
 fidance of the Prince his son with such an admirable foresight 
 and address that upon his father's demise everybody expected to 
 have seen you declared first minister. Their expectations are 
 deceived. The same person! who held the first posts before 
 keeps them still. His dependants do not scruple to intimate that 
 you found yourself unequal to the charge, and that upon his pre-- 
 tending a readiness to resign his posts you became conscious of 
 your own weakness and desired him to continue in them ; but 
 that his Majesty is since so sensible of their master's unparallel'd 
 capacity that he is now fix'd in his employments and above your 
 reach. They even pretend to name some instances where his 
 interest has of late prevailed over yours, and give people to 
 understand by several obscure hints and expressions that he will 
 soon oblige you to confess his superiority, to be content with a 
 title, and ever after to draw under him. The temper of 
 that gentleman is indeed too well known to let many people sus- 
 pect that he can ever pardon one who has pretended to rival him 
 in power, and that however specious his professions may be, he 
 is not constantly endeavouring to undermine and blow up the 
 man he has once conceived a jealousy of. 
 
 " If he is not indeed blinded by avarice and ambition, he must 
 see 'tis impossible for him to hold the rains much longer, without 
 ruining his master and his country. His Majesty comes to the 
 throne as much to the satisfaction of people in general as ever 
 prince did. The only exception to his Administration seems to 
 be his keeping this man in power, who is become more odious 
 to the nation in general than can easily be conceived. 
 
 " His being long ago found guilty of corruption is not forgot ; 
 nor his seeming but a few years since to have made his present 
 
 * Afterwards Earl of Wilmington. The author of this letter may perhaps have 
 been Mr. George Dodington, afterwards created Lord Melcombe, as the style is 
 very similar to his. Compare his letter printed at p. 36. 
 
 t Sir Eobert Walpole. 
 
376 
 
 Master no more than a mere property, a step to mount upon. 
 He is said to have screen'd all the South Sea iniquities from 
 justice, to have sold the whole Company two or three times over 
 to the Bank, to have undone the poor annuitants, and flung the 
 publick stocks for private reasons into so many shapes as has 
 ruined many thousands of families. His new order of knight- 
 hood* is thought to have disgusted all our old nobility, and his 
 making so much hast to get out of it himself that he left even the 
 King's son behind him, to have discovered a more excessive 
 degree of vanity than even his greatest enemies suspected. 
 Lastly, his immense riches, his engrossing everything to himself 
 or family, his notorious jealousy of all men of capacity, his 
 ignorance of foreign affairs, and leaving them wholy to his two 
 weak brothers ; all these particulars, whether true or false, are at 
 least so firmly believed as I fear have made it utterly impossible 
 for him to do any service to his Prince or the publick. 
 
 "On the contrary, everything seems to favour and even in a 
 manner to court your taking upon you the charge of first minister. 
 Your family is already so noble that no honours the Crown has in 
 its power to bestow on you will be envyed by reasonable men ; 
 your fortune is known to be so great as must set you above using 
 any mean expedients to enlarge it. As you are a bachelor, you 
 have no numerous family that must be all provided for, however 
 the publick administration is disgraced by it. Men of capacity 
 who serve you faithfully may all hope for proper encouragement. 
 You have the character of being a good friend, and juster to your 
 word than courtiers usually are. Your experience and capacity 
 in business are indisputable, and there is a certain most happy 
 dignity in your aspect and behaviour which your rival most 
 notoriously wants, and which will give the utmost weight to 
 every word and action in a first minister. 
 
 "The Tories will readily come into measures with you, and by 
 taking in some few of the best of them (tho' this must be done 
 with caution) , and giving the rest but tolerable quarter, you may 
 make his Majesty King oj all his people. You will consequently 
 make him the greatest Prince in Europe, and become yourself the 
 most beloved and greatest first minister that perhaps had ever 
 yet his name transmitted to posterity. All good men, all real 
 lovers of their country, and in a manner all parties among us, 
 would jointly strive to make your administration easy and 
 glorious ; yet, notwithstanding this inviting prospect, you are 
 generally thought to want either courage or inclination to accept 
 those favours fortune offers you ; and you will, therefore, I hope, 
 pardon me if I take the liberty to examine the force of the four 
 following reasons, which are the only ones I could ever yet hear 
 given, or can possibly conceive, for your seeming indolence in this 
 great crisis. 
 
 "1st. You may not care to enter on the administration when 
 our affairs abroad by the uncountable (sic) conduct of some men 
 are in so bad and uncertain a scituation, and when our trade at 
 home is so visibly decaying. 
 
 * Probably means the revival of the Order of the Bath, in 1725. 
 
377 
 
 " 2ndly. You may apprehend the power and interest of your 
 rival in the House of Commons. 
 
 " 3rdly. You may apprehend the fateague of the post of first 
 minister and imagine you may have riches and honours sufficient 
 without it. 
 
 "4thly. Your rival may have gain'd so much ground of late 
 that you may think it now dangerous to oppose him. 
 
 " As to the first reason, (viz.) that you may not care to enter 
 on the administration when our affairs abroad, by the unaccount- 
 able conduct of some men, are in so bad and uncertain a situation, 
 and when our trade at home is so visibly decaying : 
 
 " It is certain that people are so generally dissatisfied with the 
 conduct of the present first minister, and would be so transported 
 to see his power in other hands, that they would make much 
 larger allowances to his successor than are necessary for the 
 difficulties he must encounter. Those that embarrass our foreign 
 affairs are not yet insuperable, though it would exceed the bounds 
 of a letter to consider each of them with its proper remedy. The 
 British nation, a very little more united than it is at present, 
 would be too formidable to be provoked by her enemies, or to have 
 her friendship refused by some of the greatest powers in Europe 
 on the most fair and equal terms. As to our trade, we have as 
 yet so many hidden and such vast resources for the improvement 
 of it, as if they were once opened and employed to the best 
 advantage would discover and produce an inexhaustable fund of 
 wealth. 
 
 " The writer of this has something of the utmost consequence 
 (and capable of the clearest demonstration) to offer upon this head. 
 He would be proud to see it executed and reckoned one of the 
 many blessings his country might enjoy under your administra- 
 tion ; but is most firmly resolved never to expose it to be either 
 prostituted or maimed by the avarice or envy of the person now 
 in power. 
 
 " As to the second reason against your accepting the post of 
 first minister, viz., that you may apprehend the power and 
 interest of your rival in the House of Commons : 
 
 "It is certain he has been exceedingly sollicitous to get as 
 many of his own creatures as possible into Parliament, and yet 
 it is as certain that the moment he was strip't of his posts he 
 would be utterly unable to do anything there. 
 
 " The never-failing arguments of places and pensions, and the 
 rod of dissolution but never so gently shook over that House, 
 would, 'tis conceived, make them as complyable as heart could 
 wish, and the present great man, when the publick hatred was at 
 liberty to show itself in its full strength and all his actions might 
 be freely examined, would be evidently in your power to do with as 
 you thought fit ; either to deliver him up to the resentments of 
 the people, or give him what degree of quarter you thought 
 proper. 
 
 " There are the strongest reasons to believe that the moment 
 he found himself falling, he would beg to compound on any 
 terms, and most humbly submit to any conditions. 
 
378 
 
 " As to the third reason against your becoming first minister, 
 namely, that you may apprehend the fateague of the post, and 
 imagine you may have riches and honours sufficient without it : 
 
 " The great Knight has not laboured any one point more, and 
 perhaps not without some success, than to make people believe 
 that the trouble of being first Minister is too great for any man 
 to support but himself ; and that to be at the head of the 
 Treasury requires a most wonderfull skill in accounts; whereas 
 the plain truth is that Government when it is once set on a right 
 foot and the great wheeles put in motion, will afterwards like a 
 good clock go of itself without giving any farther trouble to him 
 who first put it together and wound it up. The business of the 
 Treasury, as to form, is done by the clerks of the office, and the 
 raising money on any emergency is concerted with a set of men 
 in the city who find their account in it too well ever to refuse 
 their assistance. A good judgment, capable of weighing the 
 several expedients that will always be proposed to it, is the chief 
 quality required in a Lord Treasurer. The late Earl of 
 Godolphin, who knew but little of accounts, whose hand was 
 perhaps one of the worst in England, and who did not even write 
 at all without some difficulty, is generally allowed one of the best 
 Lord Treasurers we ever had. 
 
 " 'Tis beneath the dignity of a first Minister to be constantly 
 fighting his own battles in an House of Commons. The great 
 man last mentioned always entrusted that part to some of his 
 friends who were plausible speakers ; by this means he found 
 employment for those sort of men who must be doing something, 
 secured them firmly to his interest, never fail'd of success with- 
 out making himself look little, and constantly preserved the 
 dignity of his post. 
 
 " There can be no manner of doubt if you was once a Peer and 
 held the white staff, but that by placing a proper Secretary of 
 State and Chancellor of the Exchequer in the House of Commons, 
 and by giving such hints to your particular friends as you thought 
 proper to have them speak to, you would meet at last with the 
 same success, since you have not a few visible advantages over 
 the Lord Godolphin. You would, in a word, find the post of 
 Lord Treasurer less fateaguing than the drudgery of the Chair, 
 which you have so long sustain'd, not to mention that your being 
 constantly obliged to ward against the private attempts to ruin 
 your interest, which there are good reasons to think are even now 
 making and will be daily made by your rival, is of itself perhaps 
 a more troublesome and uneasy task than the business of any 
 two posts in the kingdome. 
 
 "As to the fourth and last reason which I have heard given 
 for your not being first Minister, (viz.) that your rival has gained 
 so much ground of late that you may think it now dangerous to 
 oppose him : 
 
 " I hope there is no ground for this supposition, yet taking it 
 for once to be fact, I shall venture to affirm that if you will but 
 obtain a favourable audience for some certain poople, there may 
 be such facts laid before his Majesty as would soon recover your 
 
379 
 
 lost ground and make him sensible that even notwithstanding his 
 own great and excellent qualities and his being now so eminently 
 in possession of the hearts of his people, it will be impossible for 
 him to support and continue the present first Minister without 
 highly endangering his own administration ; nor can you want 
 some friends in the house who, if you gave them only leave, 
 would soon raise a spirit not easy to be laid without your 
 appearing in it. 
 
 " Upon the whole, suffer me, Sir, to animate you to undertake 
 the glorious work fate seems to have designed you for ; and as all 
 delays may be extreamly dangerous, by no means to defer till 
 to-morrow what may be done to-day : In this single circumstance 
 be pleas 'd to imitate your rival, who took the seat of power the 
 moment 'twas offered him, tho' the times then were much more 
 difficult than now. 'Tis certain he judged right so far, and that had 
 he afterwards only minded the publick more and his own private 
 interest a little less, he had acquired an immortal reputation with 
 the general love of the people. You will find an abundant allow- 
 ance made you, and the utmost indulgence from all reasonable 
 men in consideration of the false steps your predecessors have 
 taken ; you will find that the moment you appear yourself, such a 
 number of friends will appear for you and bring such effectual 
 assistance, as will make all difficultys vanish before you: An 
 hundred lucky circumstances seem all to concur at this juncture 
 to make you the greatest, the most beloved and best established 
 minister that perhaps Great Britain has ever yet beheld. If you 
 doubt your own capacity, give me leave to assure you that you 
 are in this one case singular in your opinion and do injustice to 
 yourself; be pleas'donly to remember that honour is acquired by 
 action, and let your great and happy genious exert its full 
 strength : no longer refuse a Peerage and the Staff : fling off 
 that order which, for this age at least, can only be look'd upon 
 as the mark Sir K. distinguished his creatures by, and take the 
 Garter which both your services and your blood most justly 
 intitle you to. 
 
 "May your ministry make the most glorious part of the English 
 history, and that it may soon commence, let me conjure you 
 seriously to reflect on some things in this letter, as you value 
 either your country, your prince or your friends, your own 
 honour, your own reputation, or even your own safety." 
 
 P.S. — "I think I know your generous sentiments of honour 
 infinitely too well to be under the least apprehension of your 
 showing this letter to any person whatever, much less of your 
 exposing me to the revenge of the great man whom my subject 
 has obliged me so often to mention. I wish him no other harm 
 than that it may be out of his power to do you or the public 
 any; and as I have still some things to mention to you which I 
 durst not write, shall make no scruple to appear if you desire it. 
 In that case be pleas'd to signify by an advertisement in the 
 Daily Courant of Wednesday or Thursday next at what time and 
 place O.P. may wait upon the person to whom he sent a letter 
 dated Nov. the 14th. 
 
380 
 
 "But if you think there is nothing in my letter worth your 
 notice, be pleased only to burn it, and permit the writer for ever 
 to remain unknown to you." 
 
 Endorsed: "Anonymous, 14 Nov. 1727, to Lord Wilmington." 
 
 King George II. 
 
 1743, September 26. Headquarters at Spire. — Warrant to 
 the Duke of Dorset, Steward of the Household, to deliver up 
 unexecuted warrants for issuing money for secret service (left in 
 the hands of Lord Wilmington, now deceased) to Henry Pelham, 
 Esq. Sign manual. Countersigned by Carteret. 
 
 Also, Receipt for the same, dated October 14th, 1743, in 
 Pelham's hand. 
 
 Robert Maxwell* to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1754, Aug. 8. London. — "I arrived here last night from 
 Taunton after a great deal of smoaking, some drinking, and 
 kissing some hundreds of women ; but it was to good purpose, 
 for I made a great number of acquisitions while I was there. I • 
 may venture to say that I have now near 150 majority, and as 
 good a returning officer as I could wish for." Lord Egremont 
 and Mr. Francis Fane have been with me, and both of great 
 service. " I found the account O'Brien gave me answer in 
 every particular. I never saw better kind of people than the 
 principals are. After the first day they insisted upon being 
 no more treated, and I dined and supped with some one of 
 them all the remaining time of my stay there. . . ." 
 
 My father grumbles a good deal, but has promised the money. 
 If you could do me the favour to procure an ensign's com- 
 mission for Dr. Maxwell's son, it might put him in humour. 
 The boy has served some years as a volunteer in one of the 
 Scotch Dutch regiments. 
 
 T. Curteis to Lord G. Sackville. 
 
 1754, Aug. 25. Sevenoaks. — Informing him that the Duke of 
 Newcastle will be in town on Tuesday, and begging the continu- 
 ance of his Lordship's friendship towards getting his business 
 settled. The audit at Canterbury will be in November, when 
 the living must be filled up. 
 
 Gideon Schaw, Assistant Registrar General of Tobacco for 
 Scotland, to the Duke of Newcastle, 1st Commissioner 
 to the Treasury. 
 
 [1757?] — Petitions that his three clerks, hitherto paid by 
 himself, have now got "deputations" as clerks to the office, 
 since which they have " turned insolent, negligent and remiss, 
 looking upon themselves as equal to and independant upon" 
 himself, whereby all subordination in the office is lost, making 
 
 * Robert Maxwell, Esq., was returned M.P. for Taunton, 24th December, 1754. 
 
381 
 
 the execution of his own duty "most uncomfortable." Prays 
 that the deputations may be cancelled, and the 100L allowed for 
 them be paid to him, that he may have the paying of his own 
 clerks " as all the other gentlemen in the Customs of Scotland 
 have." Copy. 
 
 Sir John Irwine to Lord Shelburnb, Secretary of State. 
 
 1767, Feb. 8. Gibraltar. — Concerning the insufficiency of the 
 garrison at Gibraltar to withstand an unexpected attack if made 
 in force both by land and sea. 
 
 The Tea Trade. 
 
 1772, December. — Printed "plan for relieving the East India 
 Company from the present temporary distress in point of cash, 
 by allowing them to export China tea from India to the foreign 
 markets of Europe." Endorsed : "Tea Plan." 
 
 Scotch Dutch Brigade. 
 
 1772? — "Facts relative to the Scotch Brigade in the service 
 of Holland." 
 
 About the year 1570, the fame of the Wars in the Low Countries 
 and the great name of the Prince of Orange drew many Scotch 
 gentlemen over, who carried with them small bodies of men. 
 These at first were formed into independent companies, and 
 probably without any General, every noble or gentleman making 
 a particular agreement for himself and his followers. 
 
 1578. — At the Battle of Keminant, near Mechlin, the English 
 companies were commanded by Norris, the Scotch by Robert 
 Stewart ; and Strada attributed to their bravery the repulse 
 of the Spanish army. A company then consisted of 200 or 
 250 men. 
 
 1588. — The companies were reduced to 150 men, and so 
 remained until they were regimented, some time before 1592. 
 
 1592. — Balfour had command of a regiment, that year 
 augmented with 500 men. 
 
 1594. — Thomas Balfour and six Scotch captains quitted the 
 Dutch service, but at least one regiment remained, consisting of 
 ten companies of 150 men. 
 
 1596. — Two more companies were added to each regiment. 
 The States of Holland sending an embassy to Scotland, the 
 ambassadors (Walrave, Lord of Brederode, and Mr. Jacob Valke), 
 were accompanied on their return by many Scotch gentlemen 
 with their followers, who joined Prince Maurice's army. 
 
 1600.— Col. Edmond [Sir William Edmonds] , raised 800 men 
 in Scotland to recruit the companies and form three new ones. 
 
 1602. — Col. McLean raised a regiment of 2,000 men. Eleven 
 companies of 200 men each were also raised to recruit the other 
 regiments, so that the whole Scots corps (36 companies, in three 
 regiments) amounted to about 7,000 men. 
 
382 
 
 1609. — After the conclusion of the Twelve Years' truce, [at 
 Antwerp], McLean's regiment was reduced, leaving two, with 
 twelve companies of 150 men in each. 
 
 1629. — After the siege of Bois-le-Duc, a third regiment was 
 again added, bringing the forces up to 4,500 men. 
 
 1653.— The oath to the States General, to be taken by the 
 English and Scots officers in that service, was settled by 
 Cromwell. 
 
 1664-5. — Four English and three Scots regiments were reduced 
 in Holland in consequence of the war with King Charles II. 
 " The Dutch appear nevertheless to have intended to retain in 
 their service some of the officers and men, by placing a part of 
 those corps (reduced in Holland) upon Guelderland and the other 
 inland provinces, but finding many difficulties in framing an oath 
 of qualification for the officers, the magistrates of these provinces 
 filled up the vacancies with their own relations and countrymen." 
 
 1672-4. — A new Oath of Qualification was settled, and the 
 province of Holland determined to reduce part of her own troops 
 in order to take back the English and Scots into her service. 
 
 1677. — Lord Ossory appointed Colonel General of the English 
 and Scots troops. The States General complained of a Scots 
 regiment being raised for the service of France, as " contrary to 
 treaty." 
 
 1678. — The capitulation of the English and Scots troops 
 delivered to the Prince of Orange by Lord Ossory. It is supposed 
 that their Establishment and pay were then altered, and some of 
 their privileges curtailed. 
 
 1685. — On alarm of the Duke of Monmouth's rebellion, King 
 James demanded first the three Scots and then the three English 
 regiments. Some of the Dutch towns objected, but the Prince 
 of Orange and Council of State ordered them to embark, the 
 Pensionnary Fagel having insisted that it was only fulfilling an 
 old treaty. They were shortly sent back with a letter of thanks. 
 
 1688. — The States refused to let these troops go over when 
 demanded by the King of England, who thereupon issued a 
 proclamation recalling all British subjects from the States' 
 service. But the regiments, being firmly attached to the interests 
 of the Prince of Orange, showed no inclination to join King 
 James. Some of the officers resigned their commissions, the 
 others remaining upon the footing of the Dutch national troops. 
 
 Soon after they went over under Gen. Mackay, in favour of the 
 Prince of Orange, and served at Killiecrankie, Dunkeld and in 
 Ireland. When the ^Revolution was complete, they were sent 
 back to Holland. 
 
 1699.— Twenty Scotch companies reduced or taken into British 
 pay. 
 
 1701.— The States got 28 Scotch companies from the King, 
 with leave to raise in Scotland 44 more, to form six regiments of 
 12 companies at sixty-six men, making a corps of upwards of 
 5,000 men. 
 
 Probably the first 28 companies were those who had been in 
 the service before. Their capitulation was signed at London, 
 
383 
 
 March 7, 1701, and mentiorf is made of another regiment 
 stipulated for, upon the Dutch national footing, to be commanded 
 by Brigadier Belcastle. 
 
 1713. — The three new regiments were reduced at the Peace of 
 Utrecht, being then under command of Sir James Wood and 
 Cols. Douglas and Hamilton. 
 
 1721. — These officers thinking themselves and their regiments 
 greatly injured, applied to Parliament, and their petition was 
 referred to a committee (April 20), upon whose report an Act was 
 passed in their favour. 
 
 1742. — There remained only three regiments of ten companies 
 each in the service when George II. permitted two more com- 
 panies per regiment to be raised in Scotland. 
 
 1745. — Eight more companies per regiment were added, which 
 made two battalions per regiment, and the whole corps upwards 
 of 5,000 men. 
 
 1747. — The Earl of Drumlanrig raised a regiment of two 
 battalions (20 companies at 88 men), to be on the same footing 
 as the rest, taking oath to his Majesty as well as to the States, 
 bringing the strength to near 7,000 men. 
 
 1749. — One of these battalions reduced. 
 
 1752. — Four companies per battalion disbanded ; the remaining 
 companies of Drumlanrig's taken into Halket's, an old regiment 
 of the Scots brigade. 
 
 That Brigade then reduced to its present jooting, i.e. three 
 regiments, each of two battalions, and of seven companies per 
 battalion. The strength of each regiment (officers included), 
 720, and of the whole 2,160. 
 
 1756. — An Act passed requiring all the officers to qualify to 
 the King as well as to the States. 
 
 1756.— Leave of recruiting in Scotland still granted to the 
 Brigade, though since suspended. 
 
 1768-4. — Leave again granted, but afterwards retracted on 
 representation from the Boyal Boroughs in Scotland. 
 
 1772. — Permission for recruiting of a certain number of men 
 in Scotland yearly solicited by the Prince of Orange. Copy. 
 
 FOKEIGN OfFICEKS. 
 
 1773, Jan. — Case, papers, and opinion of the Law Officers of 
 the Crown (Sir E. Thurlow, Attorney-General, and Sir Alex. 
 Wedderburn, Solicitor-General) relative to the naturalization 
 of foreign officers and the case of General Haldimand. Copy. 
 
 Ferrol. 
 
 [After 1774.] — Bemarks on the harbour of Ferrol, its 
 fortifications and position. 
 
 Major-Gen. Burgoyne to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1776, Jan. 4. Hertford Street. — Enclosing a plan of the 
 writer's for augmenting the regiments of light dragoons with one 
 
384 
 
 cornet, one sergeant, one corporal, and twenty-three men per 
 troop of the same regiment, these augmented men to be dis- 
 mounted (riding behind their comrades) and to serve as infantry 
 in conjunction with the mounted dragoons. 
 
 Sir Robert Hbrrtes to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1776, June 25. — Plan for bringing staves and lumber from and 
 to the Mediterranean. Also a second letter from the same, one 
 from Sir Philip Gibbs, and a scheme upon the same subject. 
 
 Mauritius. 
 
 1776, August. — Paper endorsed, " Account of the state of 
 the Mauritius." Unsigned. 
 
 France and Spain. 
 
 1778, March 2. — Paper endorsed " Hints for the management 
 of the impending war with France and Spain." 
 
 Mr. Mitchell to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1778, Oct. 22. Tower. — Will send him his system of politics, 
 a plan for the future government of the British possessions in 
 the East, and a plan for the adjustment of the differences with 
 the Colonies, if his Lordship will not shew them to anyone but 
 the King. 
 
 LIEUT.-COL. S. T. CARY tO THE SAME. 
 
 1778, Nov. 20. Broad Sanctuary. — Offering his services to 
 command an expedition against the Island of Goree, occupied by 
 the French. 
 
 Prisoners. 
 
 1779, Aug. 19. — List of English prisoners in France, the total 
 being 4,925. 
 
 John Wesley " to all our Brethren whom it may 
 concern." 
 
 1779, Oct. 24. London, City Road.— "I cannot but highly 
 approve of Captain Webb's design of assisting his Majesty in case 
 of an actual invasion. The particulars he will himself explain to 
 you. This may be of more consequence than yet appears. I 
 recommend the design and all that promote it to the blessing of 
 God, and am, my dear brethren, your affectionate brother, John 
 Wesley." 
 
 Annexed: "Proposal for imbodying and training a number 
 of his Majesty's faithfull and loyal subjects belonging to 
 the society (called Methodists) to be ready in order to assist his 
 Majesty in opposing the daring designs of his enemies in case an 
 
385 
 
 actual invasion should take place." The officers to be commis- 
 sioned by his Majesty, but to be chosen by the men of their 
 company by ballot. They are to be commissioned at once to 
 train their men, but to take no pay or rank in the army except 
 during the time that they are in actual service. The captains to 
 choose the field and staff officers by ballot, and these latter to be 
 commissioned by the King when called out into service. ''The 
 chaplain to be nominated by the Kev. Mr. John Wesley, and 
 presented to the Bishop of London for ordination by the King's 
 orders." The whole is to form one Legion, "and Mr. Webb, who 
 is well known to the people and who is an old experienced officer,* 
 is recommended by Mr. Wesley for this command, with such rank 
 as his Majesty shall think proper." To serve only during the 
 actual time of invasion. Signed, T. Webb. 
 
 Monsieur de Eenac. 
 [1780?] — Particulars concerning Monsieur de Eenac alias 
 Comte de Renac. 
 
 Mr. Mitchell to Lord Amherst. 
 
 1781, January 23. Old Aberdeen. — Enclosing observations 
 (not now with the letter) made by him on the defences of the 
 Dutch settlement of the Cape of Good Hope, in 1770, which he 
 thinks may be useful if an expedition is planned against the 
 settlement in consequence of the rupture with the Dutch ; and 
 offering himself to accompany the expedition (should such a one 
 take place) in any capacity in which his local knowledge or 
 professional abilities might be useful. 
 
 Also, Letter of the same date to Lord George Germain, asking 
 him to give the above to Lord Amherst or not, as he thinks best, 
 and explaining that, owing to the state of his health, he could 
 only go on such a service as a volunteer, not in any station on 
 which the success of the expedition might depend. 
 
 Lord Traquaire to Lord George Germain. 
 
 1781, May 21. Edinburgh. — Reminding him of the part he 
 has taken in relation to the Roman Catholic bill, and the cheer- 
 fulness with which he dropped its extension to Scotland, where 
 he remains excluded even from the inconsiderable privileges 
 which his brethren in England now enjoy ; and asking his good 
 offices to obtain for him some mark of his Majesty's munificence, 
 either by private pension or something equivalent, to enable him 
 to save the remains of his fortune (shattered partly by two 
 journeys to London and residence there and partly by casual 
 encumbrances and an increasing family), and to support with 
 some kind of becoming dignity the honours of an ancient and 
 respectable family which must otherwise fall into decay. " I 
 appeal, my Lord, to the feelings of your own heart, ever ready to 
 sympathise with the distressed, and I rely entirely on that 
 benevolence of disposition that distinguishes your character, and 
 which has so often been efficaciously exerted for the relief of 
 others." 
 
 21250 
 
 * He had served under Wolfe at Quebec. 
 
 2B 
 
386 
 
 Plan of Saldanha. 
 
 1781, July 21.— Plan of the Bay of Saldanha, on the S. W. 
 coast of Africa, showing the operations of the squadron of 
 Commodore Johnstone in the attack upon five Dutch East India 
 ships on the morning of the above date. Drawn by Lieut. 
 D'Auvergne, E.N., commanding the Lark. (Perhaps sent with 
 Lieut.-Col. Ross's letter. See p. 364 above.) 
 
 Undated Miscellaneous Papers. 
 
 Dr. Oliver and Sir John Cope. 
 
 " Doctor Oliver's advice to Sir John Cope upon his catching 
 St. Anthony's fire by drinking Bath waters. 
 
 " See gentle Cope with love and gout oppress'd, 
 Alternate torments rattling in his breast, 
 Trys at a cure, but tampers still in vain, 
 What eases one, augments the other pain. 
 The charming girl who strives to lend relief, 
 Instead of healing heightens all his grief : 
 He drinks for health, but then for love he sighs, 
 Health's in her hand, destruction in her eyes, 
 She gives us water, but with each touch alass ! 
 The wicked girl electrifies the glass ; 
 To ease the gout we swallow draughts of love, 
 And then, like iEtna, burst in fires above. 
 Sip not, dear knight, the daughter's liquid fire 
 But take the healing beverage from the sire, 
 'Twill ease your gout ; for love no cure is known, 
 The god of physick could not heal his own." 
 
 Charles Townshend. 
 
 [No date.] — In these our days a Genius hath arisen with 
 such powers of intellect that history affords no equal to him ; he 
 is compleat in every part of oratory, finished in every branch of 
 science ; his elocution nervous, yet polished ; his wit prompt and 
 fine, his humour delightful, and his satire keen and cutting. 
 In a word, his knowledge is as unlimited as his admirable 
 faculties, and yet, with all these (deficient in constancy and firm- 
 ness), he hath hitherto done as little good as mischief to his 
 country. 
 
 His heart is often penetrated with the love of virtue and 
 possessed at times of the noblest feelings of patriotism ; for, as 
 he has studied everything, he cannot but perceive the beauty of 
 truth, and that the primary virtue of a social being is to promote 
 the happiness of the community of which he is a member ; and 
 though this is a duty he frequently wishes to perform, it is 
 always with a proviso that it does not interfere with his love of 
 midnight roar, his propensity to joke, fun and the laughable 
 bagatelles of life, which governs all his actions and predominates 
 in the minutest, as well as in the most important affairs ; in 
 
387 
 
 curing a lady's lap-dog of a fit of the colic, as in consulting the 
 safety of a great Empire. There never was a stronger proof 
 of the imperfection of human nature ; this moment great, good 
 and wise ; the next, capricious, whimsical and absurd. 
 
 If this mind could be wholly bent to the advancement of the 
 national interest, he would be more than man ; but as it is, the 
 country may rejoyce that there is such an alloy in his tempera- 
 ment, for if ambition and the lust of power had wholly engrossed 
 him, such talents could scarcely fail to undermine all the pillars 
 of liberty, and entirely to eraze from the minds of the people 
 every principle of patriotism and virtue. 
 
 Endorsed : " Character of Ch. Townshend by Lord Holland." 
 
 Memorandum endorsed " of Consulships, by J. M." 
 
 " Mr. S. will accept these loose hints which are offer 'd purely 
 with a view of leading him to more circumstantial and useful 
 information from other hands than he can pretend to give." 
 
 Particulars concerning the southern consulships and offices 
 in the gift of the ministry, in the form of a letter, but unsigned. 
 Endorsed, "More particulars concerning consulships, by J. M." 
 
 Paper endorsed, " Sketch of the trade between Great Britain 
 and Kussia, shewing the great balance against the former and 
 in favour of the latter, with some general observations on the 
 expediency of raising and importing hemp and flax, &c, from 
 the province of Quebec, and the utility of such a measure to Great 
 Britain and Ireland, humbly submitted to the consideration of 
 the Bt. Honourable Lord George Germain, &c, &c." 
 
 Paper on the late invention called a carronade, showing its 
 advantages and importance, and recommending that some officers 
 of the artillery should reside at Carron to make observations. 
 
( 388 ) 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 A 
 
 Aberdeen, Old, letter dated at. 385. 
 Acheson : 
 
 Sir Archibald, 196. 
 
 Captain, 211. 
 Ackland, Captain, address moved by, 137. 
 Aeklom, Col. John, in Minorca, 373. 
 Adair, Mr., 350. 
 Adams : 
 
 [John or Samuel] , American patriot, 
 262. 
 
 Captain, of the 75th regiment, 356. 
 Adderbury, co. Oxford, 97, 103. 
 Adderley. See Atherley. 
 Addington. Dr.. 126. 
 Addison [Joseph] , 34. 
 Admiralty, Board or Lords of, 51, 80. 
 
 First Lord of. See Temple; Egmont; 
 Hawke ; Keppel. 
 
 , appointment of. 114, 116. 
 
 Commissioners of Revenue at the, 253 
 Adoni, in the Carnatic. 3G6, 367. 
 Africa. South Coast of, expedition to, 364, 
 
 365. 386. 
 Agar, family of, 189. 
 
 Dr. Charles, Archbishop of Cashel, 
 265, 267. 
 
 [James], nephew of [Agar] Ellis, 189. 
 Aiguillon, Duo d', 299, 301. 
 Aix-la-Chapelle, conference at, 290, 291. 
 Albany, in America, 139, 370. 
 Albemarle : 
 
 [Christopher Monk] , Duke of, 1, 2. 3. 
 
 . letters from, 2, 5, 6 (2), 12. 
 
 , letters to, 3, 6, 19. 
 
 [George Keppel] , Earl of. 68. 
 
 , the Garter given to, 103. 
 
 , and Lord Amherst, 128. 
 
 Alderson, Colonel, 211. 
 Aldrich : 
 
 Alderman, Master of the Dublin 
 
 Barracks, 162. 
 Dr. Henry, Dean of Christ Church, 
 
 Oxford, Dean Swift's comment on, 
 
 162. 
 
 Miohael, son of the Alderman, 162. 
 Aldworth [Richard Nevil] , M.P., 180. 
 Alfred, King, at Athelney Farm, 28. 
 Algiers, envoy to. 133. 
 Ali Reza, Hyder Ali s manager in the 
 Carnatio, 366. 
 
 Allen : 
 
 Lady, 188. 
 
 young, his quarrel with Cuningham, 
 168. 
 
 Allied army, the, in the Seven Years' War, 
 302-312. 
 
 Almodaver, Marquis d' [Spanish Ambassa- 
 dor in England], 323, 325. 
 Alost, English army near, 287. 
 Alouet. Mons., a banker, 40. 
 Alsace, Prince Charles expected in, 284. 
 Altamont, Lord, brother of. See Brown. 
 Altidore, co.Wicklow, letter dated at, 276. 
 America, North America, the Colonies : 
 Acts of Parliament concerning. 119, 
 122. 
 
 advices from, read in Parliament, 
 108. 
 
 clothing to be sent to, 55. 
 Commander in Chief in, 77. 
 Commissioners sent to, 126, 139. 
 conciliation of, hoped for, 138, 139, 
 
 278, 305. 
 Congress of, 135, 136, 138. 
 
 , late President of. See Jaye. 
 
 , petitions of, 105, 119. 
 
 discontent in, and ultimate revolt of, 
 
 against England. 103, 106-108, 119, 
 
 122, 127, 128, 134-137, 266, 273, 
 
 275, 338. 
 
 emissaries or agents of, 264. And see 
 
 Franklin, Dr. 
 
 -, to Spain, 330, 341. 
 
 English army in, 72, 119, 370. 
 
 , attacked by the Bostonians, 134, 
 
 135. 
 
 , confined in Boston, 136. 
 
 , military establishment for, L19. 
 
 , quartering of , 119, 122. 
 
 , re-inforcements for, 127, 12S, 
 
 137, 138. 
 
 . , from Ireland, proposed, 
 
 243. 
 
 English Generals arrive in. 136. 
 excursions from, to the Irish coists, 
 261. 
 
 fleet to be sent to, 72. 
 French plans or views in regard to, 
 56. 
 
 Governors in, 128. And see Provinces, 
 beloiv. 
 
 Highland regiments sent to, 104. 
 inaction in, 51, 52. 
 Independence of, demanded, 78. 
 
 , Europe interested to prevent, 
 
 137. 
 
 , acknowledged by France, 330. 
 
 invasion of Canada by, proposed, 138. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 389 
 
 America, North America, the Colonies — 
 cont. 
 
 negotiations with, 79. 
 news from, 56, 134, 135. 
 opinions in, 251. 
 
 Pitt's views concerning, 104, 105, 
 120. 
 
 plenipotentiary from. See Jaye. 
 
 provinces of ; Governors of, 106, 108. 
 
 provincial troops in, loyal, 325. 
 
 rebel leaders or patriots in, 261. 
 
 , dissension amongst, 140. 
 
 reduction of, believed to be accom- 
 plished, 370. 
 
 regulations in, concerning commerce, 
 111. 
 
 resolution concerning, in Parliament, 
 
 106, 107. 
 riots in. 119. 
 
 Spain's attitude towards, 339. 
 Stamp Act for. See Stamp Act. 
 sympathy with, in Ireland, 246, 260. 
 views concerning, 69, 70, 71, 130, 
 
 136, 247, 370. And see Pitt's views, 
 
 above. 
 
 withdrawal of the English from, ex- 
 pected, 327. 
 America, South: 
 
 exchange of prisoners in, 73. 
 
 insurrections in, 276. 
 
 Joss of trade in, 136. 
 
 Spanish territories in, 327, 331. 
 American ships, 370. 
 Americans, character of, 371. 
 Amherst. Col. Sir Jeffrey, afterwards Lord 
 Amherst, 39, 372 (2). 
 
 . letters of. 76 (2). 
 
 , letters to, 372, 335. 
 
 , his promotion, 286, 372. 
 
 . his resignation, 128 (2). 
 
 -, his grandson, 7.6. 
 
 [William] , member for Hythe, 118. 
 Amsterdam, 23, 34. 
 
 politicans at, 88. 
 A my and, Mr., 197. 
 
 Ancaster [Peregine Bertie] , Duke of, made 
 
 Master of the Horse, 116. 
 Andalusian horse, 338. 
 Andover, co. Hants, 13. 
 Anhalt. Prince of, at Minden, 320. 
 Anne, Princess going to Tunbridge. 20. 
 
 her sister's love for, 32. 
 
 as Queen, 33. 34. 
 
 , godmother to Lord Dorset's 
 
 daughter, 35. 
 
 , death of, 35. 
 
 , her succession, 346. 
 
 , order of, alluded to, 374. 
 
 Annesley : 
 
 Richard, letter of, 6 
 
 a prisoner. 26. 
 
 affair, the, 188. 
 Antwerp, the Twelve Years' truce con- 
 cluded at (in 1609), 382. 
 Arabin : 
 
 Captain, son of Col. John, 215, 221. 
 Col. John, letter of, 215. 
 Mrs., legacy to, 215, 221. 
 
 Aranda, Count d\ Spanish minister, 325, 
 328. 
 
 Aranjuez, Richard Cumberland at, 338. 
 Arbuthnot, Admiral [Marriot] , 331, 
 
 336. 
 Archer, Mr., 23. 
 
 his father-in-law. See Reay. 
 Arcot, siege of. 358, 364, 365. 
 
 taken by Hyder Ali, 364, 368. 
 
 garrison of, 364. 
 
 [Mahomed Ali], Nabob of, or Nabob 
 
 of the Carnatic, 366. 
 , Lord Pigot's treatment of, 
 
 356. 
 
 , his second son, 363. 
 
 ■, black artillery of, 361. 
 
 , wishes preparations to be made 
 
 to defend the Carnatic, 368. 
 
 , his poverty, 369. 
 
 Ardfert, co. Kerry, 146. 
 Argyll : 
 
 [Archibald Campbell], Earl of, his 
 
 expedition, 1. 
 , defeat of, 5. 
 
 [John Campbell] , Duke of, and the 
 
 Green Ribband, 102. 
 [Jane], Duchess of. death of, 123. 
 
 , her daughters, 123. And see 
 
 Dalkeith, Lady. 
 Armagh : 
 
 Archbishop of. See Hoadley, Dr. ; 
 Stone, Dr. ; Robinson, Dr. 
 Armagh, county of, candidates for, 194. 
 
 election for, 196. 
 Armentieres Mons. de, French General, 
 
 305, 306. 
 Armiger, General, 45. 
 Armstrong, Sir Thomas, death of, 25. 
 Army, the English : 
 Artillery, 293. 
 Grenadiers, 293. 294, 299. 
 
 , losses of, 300, 301. 
 
 Light Dragoons, 383. 
 
 Majors of Brigade, 305, 300, 318. 
 
 in India. See India. 
 
 of James II. : 
 
 going against Moumouth, 1-20, 
 
 28 ; 29. 
 retreat of, 2. 
 
 victory of, at Sedgemoor. See 
 
 Sedgemoor. 
 of George II. : 
 
 proposal of the Opposition con- 
 
 cerning 1734), 155. 
 in Germany (1743), 232-286. 
 sickness in, 283. 
 
 commanders of, against attacking 
 
 the French. 284. 
 in Flanders (1744), 286-290. 
 mutinous, 236. 
 
 narrowly escapes surprise, 288. 
 unpopular in Flanders. 290. 
 at Cherbourg (1758), 292-301. 
 
 1 landing of, 292, 
 
 , Subaltern Generals, views 
 
 of, 298, 299. 
 
390 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Army of George II.— cont. 
 
 on the Lower Ehine (1759), 302- 
 311,316. 
 
 , losses of, 300, 301. 
 
 . re-inf orcement s f or . 302-304 . 
 
 , cheerfulness of, 310. 
 
 , discipline of, 311. 
 
 , goes into winter quarters, 
 
 316. 
 
 at Minden, 312, 313, 320-322. 
 in Minorca, 370. 
 
 Adjutant General, 296, 299. And 
 
 see Hotham, Lieut. -Colonel. 
 General Staff Officers, exempted 
 
 from tax, 307. 
 Judge Advocate for, 307. And 
 
 see Gould, Charles. 
 Officers of. to be summoned to 
 
 England as witnesses. 318. 
 Quarter Master General. 296. 
 
 299, 300. 
 Quarter Masters and Camp 
 
 colour men. 299. 
 Volunteers, 306. 
 Regiments : 
 
 in the Dutch service. See Scotch 
 
 Dutch Brigade, 
 the Guards: 
 
 ■, at Sedgemoor, 18. 
 
 , mob dispersed by, 48. 
 
 , at the attack on Cherbourg, 
 
 292-294, 298. 
 
 , killedand wounded, 300,301 . 
 
 . 1st regiment of, 295. 
 
 . ■ , losses of, 301. 
 
 , , Grenadier company 
 
 of, 7, 11. 
 , , — — , Captain of. See 
 
 Hawley, Francis. 
 Dragoon Guards, 1 st (Blands) , 306. 
 
 318. 
 
 , 2nd, Lord G. Sackville 
 
 ceases to be Colonel of, 316. 
 
 , 3rd (Howard's), 318. 
 
 Highlanders. Keith's corps of, 318. 
 
 Inniskilling Dragoons, 306, 318. 
 322. 
 
 Royal Regiment of Horse (after- 
 wards Horse Guards), 13, 17. 
 18.21. 
 
 , as the Blues, 289. 
 
 the Royal (1st Foot). 102. 
 
 Royal Artillery, 318. 
 
 Scots Greys, 318. 
 
 Welsh Fusileers (Huske's), 318. 
 322. 
 
 Alderson's, 211. 
 
 Armiger's, 45. 
 
 Barrington's. See 40th. 
 
 Bentinck's, 295. 
 
 Bland's. See 1st Dragoon Guards. 
 Bosca wen's, 318. 
 Brudenel's, 322. 
 Chevenix's, 211. 
 
 Cholmondeley ! s. See Inniskil- 
 lings. 
 
 Diumlanrig's, in the Scotoh Dutch 
 Brigade, 383. 
 
 Army — cont. 
 
 Regiments — cont. 
 Gardiner's, 286. 
 
 Halket's. in the Scotch Dutch 
 
 Brigade. 383. 
 Hodgson's, 306. 
 Home's, 306, 322. 
 Howard's. See 3rd Dragoon 
 
 Guards. 
 
 Huske's See Welsh Fusileers. 
 Kingsley's, 320-322. 
 Ligonier s, 289. 
 Lutterell's, 1. 
 
 McLean's, in the Scotch Dutch 
 
 Brigade, 381 , 382. 
 Molesworth's, 169. 
 Montagu's, 286, 287. 
 Murray's. 127. 
 Napier's, 305, 306, 320-322. 
 Nevill's, 289. 
 O'Farrell's, 212. 
 Otway's, 169. 
 Philips', 1. 
 Ponsonby's, 286. 
 Richmond's, 45. 
 Stuart's, 322. 
 Trelawny's, 27. 
 Wade's, 286, 287. 
 40th, 45. 
 
 73rd, 358, 360, 361. 
 75th, 356. 
 87th, 73. 
 Ashenhurst, Lieutenant, 210, 216. 
 Ashton, Colonel, 5. 
 Asturias, Prince of, 331. 
 
 Princess of, 336. 
 Athelney Farm, co. Somerset, and King 
 
 Alfred, 28. 
 Atherley or Adderley, Captain [Charles], 
 
 at Sedgemoor, 17, 19. 
 Athy, co. Kildare, letters dated at, 216, 221. 
 
 election and riot at, 214, 216. 
 Attorney-General. See Ryder, Sir Dudley ; 
 Pratt, Sir C; Norton. Sir Fletcher; 
 Yorke, Hon. C. ; Thurlow, Edward. 
 Augusta, Princess, wedding of , delayed, 93. 
 Austin, Mr., midshipman, captured by the 
 
 French, 370. 
 Austria, House of, 101, 151. 
 Austrian : 
 
 Succession, war of, papers relating to, 
 282-292 
 
 cannon sticks fast in crossing the Rhine , 
 283 
 
 forces', 282, 289, 302. 
 Generals, wish to fight, 284. 
 Austrians, the, victory of [in Bohemia]. 
 52. 
 
 Auvergne, Lieut, d', plan drawn by, 386. 
 
 Axbridge, co. Somerset, 19. 
 
 Axminster, co. Devon, 1, 2. 
 
 Aylmer, Sir Fitzgerald, Bart., M.P. for 
 
 Kildare, 258. 
 Aylva, Mons. de, French commandent at 
 
 Maestricht. 290. 
 cannot yield without order from Prince 
 
 of Orange , 291. 
 Ayr (Aire), letter dated at, 1. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 391 
 
 B 
 
 Baff, a piece of, will purchase two bul- 
 locks, 357. 
 
 Bailey, Lieut. Richard, page to Lord 
 
 Chesterfield, 169. 
 Baillie, Lieut.-Colonel, in India, 367. 
 
 attacked and defeated by Tippoo Saib 
 
 and Hyder Ali, 358, 359, 365. 
 wounded and taken prisoner 365. 
 Bale. See Bayle. 
 
 Balfour. Col. Thomas, of the Scotch Dutch 
 
 Brigade, 381. 
 Ball. Cornet, commanding officer at Athy, 
 216. ^ 
 Baltimore [Charles Calvert] , Lord, 157. 
 Bangalore, English prisoners at, 369. 
 Bank of England, directors of, 172, 175. 
 
 and the South Sea Company, 376. 
 Barbary Oran, coast of, 327. 
 Barkeley. See Berkeley. 
 Barnstaple, mayor of, letter of, 19. 
 Barre', Colonel, in France, 101, 102. 
 
 speech of, 137. 
 Barrington : 
 
 Admiral [Samuel] , 139. 
 
 [William] . Lord. 276. 
 
 , letters to, 305, 370. 
 
 •, letter from, 316. 
 
 — , to go to the War Office. 101. 
 
 , as Secretary at War, 370. 
 
 Barrow Bridge. Sedgemoor, 16. 
 Barrymore, Lord, his marriage, 117. 
 Barton (Bartuej, Captain, 15. 
 Bassalut Jung, brother of the Nizam, 366, 
 367. 
 
 Bassein Calicut, taken by the Bombay 
 
 troops, 36. 
 Bateman : 
 
 [John], Viscount, letters of, 43, 48. 
 Lady, sister of Lady George Sackville, 
 43, 93. 
 
 , letter of, 48. 
 
 Mr., his execution. 27. 
 Bath or the Bath, 20, 62, 199, 253. 
 the Duke of Somerset at, 3. 
 Lord Faversham's movements near, 
 4-6. 
 
 the King's forces at, 5, 11, 13, 14. 
 Monmouth's forces at. 14. 
 letters dated at, 75, 268. 
 Corporation, and Mr. Pitt, 93. 
 Pitt at or going to, 103, 1 10, 1 17, 1 19. 
 congress of Pitt and the Bedford party 
 at, 114. 
 
 visitors to, 163, 225, 231, 232. 
 waters. Sir John Cope and, 382. 
 Bath and Wells, Thomas [Ken], Bishop 
 of, 22. 
 
 Bath, revival of the Order of the, 376, 379. 
 Bathurst : 
 
 Colonel, 268. 
 
 Henry, Lord Chancellor, 133. 
 
 Batscomb, Capt. -Lieutenant of Monmouth's 
 
 own company, 22. 
 Bayle or Bale, Mr., 169, 283. 
 Baylie. Mr., in the Excise, 11. 
 
 And see Baillie. 
 Bayonne, traveller to, 331. 
 
 letter dated at, 342. 
 Beauclerk, Lords Vere and Sydney, sons of 
 the Duke of St. Albans, 157. And see 
 Vere, Lord.. 
 Beaufort : 
 
 [Henry Somerset], Duke of, 3, 4, 13. 
 , letter of, 11. 
 
 Mr , made Provost of Trin. Coll., 
 Dublin, 187. 
 Beckford, Alderman. 55, 179. 
 his wild flights, 86. 
 and the Stamp Act, 104. 
 nearly censured by the House, 115. 
 his defence of Lord Chatham, 119. 
 his attacks on the East India Company, 
 
 122.123. 
 at Hayes, 126. 
 elected Lord Mayor, 129. 
 Bedford [John Eussell] , Duke of, 62, 95, 
 97, 107. 
 
 his attacks on the Saxon subsidy, 179- 
 182. 
 
 no longer Secretary of State, 180. 
 his expected administration, 91, 92. 
 and Mr. Rigby, 93, 97. 
 and the Speakership. 96. 
 and Grenville, 97, 109. 
 and Lord Lorne, 102. 
 his negotiations with Chatham (1766), 
 114, 116. 
 
 and the negotiations of 1769, 68-70. 
 and Mr. MacKenzie, 126. 
 his parliamentary patronage, 132. 
 friends or party of, 68, 69, 96, 117, 
 
 126, 127. 
 — — , overtures to, 114, 116. 
 Belcastle, Brigadier, a regiment for, 383. 
 Belem, the Quesn of Portugal's garden at, 
 333 
 
 Belfast, Mr. Conolly and, 274. 
 Belfield [Robert Rochfort] , Viscount, 214. 
 Belford, General, regiment of, 54. 
 Bellamont [Charles Coote], Lord, 324. 
 
 letters of. 76, 264, 265. 
 
 speaks in Irish House of Lords, 264. 
 Bellasis. Sir Henry, at Port St. Mary's. 374. 
 Belleisle, Due de (1758), 295. 
 Bellew, Sir Patrick, 221. 
 Bellmont, co. Hants, letter dated at, 222. 
 Benfield. Paul [Madras financier], letter 
 
 of, 365. 
 Bengal : 
 
 affairs in, 355. 
 
 Council in or Supreme Council, 355. 
 
 , Resolutions of, 356. 
 
 , re-inforcements sent by, 361, 
 
 364. 
 
 , loans raised by, 362. 
 
 Nabob of, 110. 
 the seat of Empire, 361. 
 government of, and the Nabob of 
 Arcot, 369. 
 
392 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Bentinck : 
 
 Lord Edward Charles Cavendish, 
 married to Miss Cumberland, 343 n. 
 William Harry Edward Cavendish, 
 their son, 343. 
 Beresf ord : 
 
 [John] and the Revenue. 253. 260. 
 [? William] to be a Bishop. 259. 
 Beresfords, the, 270. 
 
 Bergen, near Frankfurt, battle of, 302, 
 
 306. 
 Berkeley : 
 
 Lord [Chief Justice in Eyre?], 116. 
 
 Captain, 20. 
 
 , at Sedgemoor, 17. 
 
 , his troop, 11. 
 
 [George] , Dean of Derry, promotion 
 desired for. 148. 
 
 , his alleged madness. 148. 
 
 Berkshire, 23. 
 Berlin, Court of, 88. 
 
 Berlinghen or Beirleghem, eamp of, letter 
 
 dated from, 289. 
 Bernard, Thomas, Bishop of Killaloe. 
 
 letter from, 268. 
 Berne, Switzerland, 40. 
 Bertie, Lord Robert, 131, 231. 
 Bessborough : 
 
 [Brabazon Ponsonby, 1st] Earl of, 
 208, 210. 
 
 , as Lord Justice, 211, 212. 221, 
 
 223, 226, 229, 230, 232, 233, 236. 
 
 , reported disagreement of, with 
 
 the Primate, 238. 
 
 , parly of, dissatisfied, 232. 
 
 [William Ponsonby, 2nd] Earl of, 55. 
 
 . offers to give up the Postmaster- 
 ship, 116. 
 
 , his resignation, 116. 
 
 Bessborough, co. Kilkenny, 187, 210. 
 Bickerstaffe, Lieut. Isaac, page to Lord 
 
 Chesterfield, 169. 
 Bickerton, Admiral Sir Richard, 369. 
 Bidgood, William, deposition of, 25. 
 Biebrich, letter dated at, 282. 
 Billingsgate language. 254. 
 Bindon, ■ — , his pension, 188. 
 Bishops in the House of Lords, 251. 
 Bisset : 
 
 Alexander, letter of, 209. 
 
 Lieutenant, Assistant Quarter-Master 
 General, 318. 
 Blacket, Sir Walter, 179. 
 Blakemore, William, 36. 
 Bland : 
 
 Lieut-General Humphrey, his Treatise 
 on discipline quoted, 360. 
 
 Sir J., late Commissioner of Revenue 
 in Ireland, 34. 
 
 Mr., 173. 
 
 Blaquiere, Sir John, Secretary in Ireland, 
 134, 136, 252. 
 letter of, 243. 
 Blenheim, co. Oxford, letter dated at, 53. 
 B'igh, Lieut.-General Thomas, 54, 296, 
 298, 300, 301. 
 at Cork, 233, 234. 
 "Bob, the Waiter," M.P., 134 
 
 Bohemia : 
 
 the war in, 52. 
 
 Austrian retreat towards, 302. 
 
 Prince Henry in, 306. 
 Bois-le-Duc, siege of, 382. 
 Bolingbroke [Frederick St. John], Viscount, 
 
 resignation of, 102. 
 Bombay, despatches sent to, 364. 
 
 letters dated at, 368. 
 
 troops, successes of, 368. 
 
 Sir Edward Hughes going to, 369. 
 Bompart, Admiral, his squadron, 56. 
 Bomte : 
 
 Allied forces at, 309-311. 
 
 letter dated at, 308. 
 Bonn : 
 
 court of, 303. 
 
 French troops opposite to, 305. 
 Boscawen Colonel, 318. 
 Boston, New England. 122, 130, 133. 
 
 Commissioners of Revenue at, 126. 
 
 procession of the mob at, 126. 
 
 regiments ordered to, 127, 128. 
 
 fighting near, 134-136. 
 
 blocking up of, 135. 
 Bourbon, House of, aggrandizement of, 150. 
 Bourke : 
 
 [John], Commissioner of Customs, 
 
 193, 214. 217. 
 
 Joseph, Bishop of Ferns, 279. 
 Bowes. John, as Solicitor-General, Ireland, 
 167. 
 
 as Chief Baron of Exchequer, Ireland, 
 218, 232. 
 
 letter of, 170. 
 Bowles, Brigadier or General, 168. 
 
 sister of. See Brownrigg. 
 Bowyer, Captain, 54. 
 Boyle : 
 
 Henry, Speaker of the Irish House of 
 Commons, afterwards Lord Shannon, 
 167, 168, 171, 183. 185-188. 191 ,196. 
 
 , letter of, alluded to, 189. 
 
 , and the living of Cloyne, 190, 
 
 191. 
 
 _ — } hi s opposition to Government, 
 
 194, 198-204. 
 , his respect for the King, 197, 
 
 198, 207. 
 
 _ } S et up as a protector of the 
 
 liberties of Ireland, 198. 
 — , and the Address to the King, 
 
 199, 200. 
 
 , demands Nevil Jones' expulsion, 
 
 203. 
 
 the question of his resignation. 
 
 204, 206, 207, 208. 
 
 , dismissal of, 206. 
 
 , address to, from Cork. 209. 
 
 , , versified, 239. 
 
 . movements of, 210, 211, 217. 
 
 supports Mr. Carter at Navan, 
 222. 
 
 , settlement with. 239. 
 
 . friends or supporters of, 214, 
 
 222 
 
 Mr., son of Lord Clifford, 31. 
 Richard (Dick), 212. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 393 
 
 Boyne [Frederick] , Viscount, letter of, 216. 
 Boyne Club, the, 168. 
 Bradford, George, surgeon, 214. 
 
 dinner given by, 216. 
 Bradford, co. Wilts, 5, 8, 10. 
 
 letter dated at, 6. 
 
 King's forces at, 15. 
 Bradley, a servant. 38. 
 Bradshaw [Thomas ?] , 134. 
 Bragge, Lieut. -General [Philip]. 171. 
 Brand [Thomas], M.P., 132, 180. 
 Brathwaite. Colonel, in India. 358. 
 
 defeated by Tippoo Saib, 368. 
 Brazils, the [John Francis Xavier] , Prince 
 of, son of the Queen of Portugal. 332. 
 
 birds from, 333. 
 Brederode, Walrave, Lord of, Dutch Am- 
 bassador to Scotland, 331. 
 Bremen, Prince Ferdinand occupies, 310, 
 311. 
 
 Brencken, camp at, 307. 
 
 letter dated at, 307. 
 
 French at, 308. 
 Brentford (Branford), co. Middlesex, 22. 
 Brest : 
 
 the French fleet at, 55, 57, 251. 
 English fleet blocking up, 56. 
 rumour of an action off, 271. 
 French forces march from, 299. 
 Spanish fleet at, 327. 
 Breton, Cape, 297. 
 
 Brett, Sir Piercy, at the Admiralty, 116. 
 Bridges, Sir Brook, 40. 
 Bridgewater, Dowager Duohess of, 117. 
 Bridgewater, co. Somerset, 9. 16. 17, 19, 
 20, 28. 
 the rebels at, 3, 15, 28. 
 labourers summoned to, 12. 
 the Duke of Monmouth at, 24. 
 the Bridge, Castle, Cross and South 
 Gate at, 15. 
 Bridport, co. Dorset, the enemy repulsed 
 at, 2. 
 executions at, 24. 
 Brisac, Captain, 74. 
 
 Bristol [John Hervey, 1st] Earl of [of new- 
 creation] , funeral and will of, 38. 
 
 , children of, 38. And see Hervey. 
 
 [George William Hervey, 2nd] Earl of, 
 letters from, 38, 52. 
 
 1 , brothers and sisters of, 38. And 
 
 sec Hervey. 
 
 [Augustus John Hervey. 3rd] Earl of. 
 86, 92. 
 
 — , and Lord Chatham, 123, 125, 
 126. 
 
 Bristol, 8, 11, 14, 22. 
 
 care to be taken of , 9. 
 
 citizens of, for Duke of Monmouth, 53. 
 
 fair [St. Peter's] , 174. 
 
 King's forces at. 13. 
 
 letter dated from, 4. 
 
 road to. forces on. 16, 17, 19. 
 
 South Gate of, 13. 
 Bristol Channel, the, 19. 
 Bristow, William, 191, 217. 
 Broghill [Boger Boyle] , Lord. " Oliverian 
 Broghill,"241. 
 
 Broglie or Broglio, Due de, French Com- 
 mander, 85, 302, 305, 308, 310. 
 Marshal and Commander-in-chief in 
 Germanv, 322. 
 
 Bromley, Kent, 125. 
 
 Broome, Capt. Joseph, aide-de-camp, 318. 
 Browne or Brown : 
 
 Colonel, killed in India, 368. 
 Mr., of the Irish Parliament, brother 
 of Lord Altamont, 262. 
 
 , relatives of, 262. 
 
 one, half-pay captain, and his father, 
 192. 
 
 Brownlow [Hon. William], of the Irish 
 
 Parliament, 194, 264. 
 Brownrigg, Major, 221. 
 
 his wife, will of, 221. 
 Bruce : 
 
 Col. John, in Minorca, 373. 
 
 Mr., scurrilous pamphlet by, 216. 
 
 Sir William, 29. 
 Bruges, 286. 
 
 English forces near, 287. 
 
 letter dated at, 287. 
 Brunswick : 
 
 Prince Ferdinand of. See Ferdinand. 
 
 [-Wolfenbuttel, William Frederick], 
 Hereditary Prince of, 88, 92, 307, 
 311. 
 
 , his intended marriage to Princess 
 
 Augusta, 93. 
 
 , and Lord George Sackville, 103. 
 
 , the Garter given to, 103. 
 
 . not in the action at Minden,322. 
 
 . and the Princess, visit England, 
 
 102. 
 
 Princess of, at Charles Townshend's 
 
 ball, 121. 
 House of, 103. 
 Imperial troops in, 311. 
 Brussels : 
 
 Duke of Monmouth at, 24. 
 letter dated at, 72. 
 English army near, 287. 
 Bruton, co. Somerset, 4. 
 Buccleuch [Henry Scott] , Duke of, his 
 
 marriage, 121. 
 Buchan [David Erskine], Earl of, letters 
 of, 76 (2). 
 
 Buckhurst [Lionel Sackville] , Lord, letter 
 
 to, 32. See Dorset, Lionel, Duke of. 
 Buckinghamshire, 62. 
 
 Buckinghamshire, John [Hobart], Earl 
 of. Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 140, 
 
 251, 263. 
 
 letters of, 71. 244-277, 2>assim. 
 
 letter to, 252. 
 
 character of, 244. 
 
 interview with, 264. 
 
 levees of, 244. 
 
 recommendation by, 271. 
 
 in relation to military affairs, 245, 
 
 252, 254. 
 
 speeches of, on meeting Parliament, 
 alluded to, 246, 247, 256. 
 
 on the state of the government and 
 political affairs, 246, 247, 251-253, 
 255. 
 
394 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Buckinghamshire, John [Hobart] , Earl of 
 ■ — cont. 
 
 the difficulties of his position, 247, 
 
 252, 267. 
 sends over the money bills, 249. 
 address to, alluded to, 252. 
 defence of his conduct, 254. 264. 266. 
 
 267. 
 
 complains of Lord Weymouth's atti- 
 tude, 255. 
 
 favour of, said to have been withheld 
 from friends of Government, 259. 
 
 has frequently acted as a clerk, 266. 
 
 Heron and Conolly are " millstones 
 about his neck,'' 270. 
 
 his agitation concerning the Mutiny 
 Bill, 270. 
 
 flattering addresses to, 273, 274. 
 
 his relation to Col. Tonson, 274, 275. 
 
 his departure from Ireland, 277. 
 
 aide-de-camp of. See Vyse. Major. 
 
 private secretary of. See Knill, Mr. 
 
 chief secretary to. See Heron, Sir 
 Richard. 
 Bucknall, —,189. 
 Bullen, Sir Patriok, paper by, 281. 
 Burgh : 
 
 Mr., speech of, 265. 
 
 Walter Hussey. Prime Serjeant in Ire- 
 land, 247, 250, 253. 
 
 , resignation of. 256. 
 
 , hostile attitude of. 259, 262. 
 
 , as the late Prime Serjeant. 267. 
 
 Burgoyne. Lieut -General [John] , document 
 composed by. 136. 
 
 his successes. 138. 
 
 his army, 139. 
 
 Commander in Chief in Ireland. 142, 
 143. 
 
 in America, 371. 
 
 letter from. 383. 
 Burick, near Wesel, French camp at, 306. 
 Burke (Bourke), Edmund : 
 
 his rising reputation, 120. 
 
 his plan of reform, 74. 
 
 speeches of, 137, 138. 
 
 his bill, 138, 141. 
 
 in Rockingham's ministry, 141. 
 
 and the negotiations with Spain, 323. 
 Burnaby, Sir William. 332. 
 Burne, Joseph, deposition of, 26. 
 Burton : 
 
 Ben., of the Irish Parliament, 192, 
 
 210, 232 (2). 
 Captain, aide-de-camp to Lord George 
 
 Sackville, 305. 
 James, his confession, 27. 
 Mr., 40. 
 
 Mr., son-in-law of Mr. Clements, 220. 
 Bury [George Keppel], Viscount, son of 
 
 the Earl of Albemarle, 216. 
 Bussy. M. de, 88. 
 
 Bute [John Stuart] , Earl of, 59, 60, 95, 
 104. 129. 
 letters of, 54 (2), 56, 58, 314. 
 letters to, 57, 315. 
 and the King's Household, 46. 
 as 1st Lord of the Treasury, 88, 89. 
 
 Bute [John Stuart] , Earl of — cont. 
 in retirement, 91, 93, 94, 98, 116. 
 the remains of his Administration, 
 93. 
 
 and Mr. Grenville, 97, 109, 126. 
 and the American question, 106-109. 
 meeting of, with Pitt, 109. 
 attachment of Lord Townshend to, 
 125. 
 
 and the Duke of Grafton, 125. 
 approves of Lord G. Sackville's letter 
 
 concerning Minden, 314. 
 his brother. See MacKenzie. 
 his son, 120. 
 
 friends or supporters of. 45. 62, 108, 
 109, 116, 120. 122-124. 125. 
 Butler : 
 
 Mr., marriage of, 214. 
 
 Mrs.. 221. 
 Byrch, William, letter of, 42. 
 Byron, Admiral [John], his fleet, 72. 
 
 at Rhode Island, 139. 
 
 c 
 
 Cadiz, ships or fleets at or going from, 
 72, 337.341. 
 i Cadman, Randall, midshipman, captured 
 by the French, 370. 
 Caesar, Col. [Julius], before Cherbourg, 
 294. 
 
 I Cahil, Corporal Moses, 177. 
 | Calcraft, Mr., 93, 94. 
 ! Calcutta, letter dated at, 319. 
 | Caldwell: 
 
 Major Frederick, 268, 370 (?). 
 
 , plan of, for raising an Irish 
 
 regiment, 269. 
 Sir James, letters of, 245, 257, 268. 
 
 , his conversation with Pitt, 239. 
 
 Caldwell Castle. See Castle Caldwell. 
 Callander, James, letter of, 260. 
 I Callis. Capt. Richard, Brigade Major, 306, 
 I 318. 
 
 Cambric Bill, the, 55. 
 j Cambridge, 38. 72. 
 
 Cambridge affair, the, 61. 
 Camden [Charles Pratt] , Lord, Lord Chief 
 Justice, 106. 
 as Lord Chancellor, 68. 69, 113, 130. 
 and the King's prerogative. 113. 
 and American affairs, 120. 122. 
 Lord Talbot's attack on. 122. 
 absent from Court or town. 125, 126. 
 and Lord George Germain, 139. 
 his view of the American war, 251 . 
 Campbell : 
 
 [Archibald ?] , letter of , 357 . 
 Lord Frederick, resignation of, 102. 
 Brigadier Sir James, ill at Mayence, 
 284. 
 
 , at Ghent, 287, 288 (2). 
 
INDEX. 
 
 395 
 
 Canada, 370. 
 
 threatened irruption into, 138, 139. 
 Canadians : 
 
 to be marched to the frontiers, 135. 
 re-inforcements of, 370. 
 Cane, Captain, gentleman usher to Lady 
 
 Chesterfield, 169. 
 Canigaline [? Canagallen, co. Kerry], rec- 
 tory of, 73. 
 Cannon (Conon), Alexander, Colonel of 
 
 English regiment in Dutch service, 10. 
 Cansham, bridge and town. See Keynshain. 
 Canterbury : 
 
 Archbishop of. See Cornwallis, Hon. 
 
 Frederick. 
 Archdeacon of [John Head], 42. 
 audit at, 380. 
 election at; 45. 
 races, 41. 
 
 Cantyre [Kintyre] , ships going to. 1. 
 Capell, John, prisoner, 29. 
 Caps of Good Hope. See Good Hope. 
 Cape Verde Islands, the, 364. 
 Carden Captain, 74. 
 
 Carleton, Sir Guy. Governor of Quebec, 
 139, 140. 
 his army, 370. 
 Carlisle [Frederick Howard], Earl of, Lord 
 Privy Seal, 144. 
 appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. 
 
 276, 277. 
 as Lord Lieutenant, 278. 
 Carlow, voters at, 192. 
 
 letter dated at, 211. 
 Carlton [Hugh], Solicitor-General for 
 
 Ireland, 259. 
 Carmarthen [Francis Godolphin Osborne], 
 Lord, Secretary of State. 80-83. 
 his attack on Lord Geo. Sackville, 81, 
 82. 
 
 his ingratitude to the King, 269. 
 Carmelite, The, Cumberland's play, pro- 
 duction of, 342. 
 Carmichael, Bishop William, proposed for 
 the primacy of Ireland, 100. 
 translated from Meath to Dublin, 
 100 n. 
 Carnatic, the : 
 
 invasion of. See Hyder Ali. 
 forts in, in Hyder Aii's hands, 364. 
 proceedings in, narrative of, 366-368. 
 saved by Warren Hastings, 145. 
 Nabob of. See Arcot. 
 Northern Circars of, 358. 
 
 ■. tribute money (Peshcush), for, 
 
 367. 
 
 re venues of, reduced by the war, 369. 
 Caroline, Queen of George II, 147, 150, 
 153. 
 
 her interest in Dr. Berkeley, 148. 
 last illness of, 168. 
 her portrait, 175. 
 Caroline, Princess, sister of George III, 
 marries the King of Denmark, 111, 112. 
 Carrick [Somerset Hamilton Butler], Earl 
 of, 210. 
 
 Carron, proposal that some artillery officers 
 should reside at, 387. 
 
 Carronades, importance of, 387. 
 Carter. Thomas, 149, 167. 
 
 Master of the Rolls in Ireland, 191. 
 
 opposition of, to government, 201, 
 202. 
 
 his dismissal, 205, 206. 
 
 beaten at Navan, 222. 
 
 wished his son to have reversion of 
 his office, 233. 
 Carteret. John. Lord, afterwards Earl 
 Granville (q.v.), in Ireland, 183. 
 
 Secretary of State, at Mayence, 282. 
 
 warrant countersigned by, 380. 
 
 his chaplain, Dr. Sheridan, 161. 
 Cartier, Mrs., legacy to, 215. 
 
 husband of, 215. 
 Carvajal, Marquis of, 167, 178. 
 
 illness of, 158. 
 Cary : 
 
 Dr. or Mr., 148. 149, 153, 156. 
 
 Lieut. -Col. S. T., letter of, 384. 
 Case, Lieut. -Col. James, 373. 
 Cashel, Archbishop of. See Price, Dr. 
 Arthur; Whetcome, Dr. John; Cox, 
 Dr. Michael ; Agar, Dr. Charles. 
 
 motion by, 265. 
 Cassel. 34, 85, 304. 
 Castle Caldwell, letter dated at, 245. 
 Castle Lyons, co. Cork. 243. 
 Castle Martyr, co. Cork, 240. 
 Cathcart [Charles], Lord, 43, 213. 
 Caulfei'd : 
 
 [Hon. Francis] , 194. 
 
 [St. George] , Chief Justice of King's 
 Bench in Ireland, 174, 184. 
 Cavan: 220. 
 
 election at. 231, 232. 
 
 collector of, 237. 
 
 free school at, 161. 
 Cavendish : 
 
 Lord Frederick, wounded near St. 
 Malo, 299. 
 
 Lord John, vote of censure moved by. 
 137. 
 
 , Chancellor of the Exchequer, 
 
 79, 144. 
 
 , supports Reform Bill, 144. 
 
 Mr., Commissioner of Customs in 
 Ireland, 217. 
 Cavendishes, the, and Lord Chatham's 
 
 ministry, 116, 117. 
 Ceuta. Spain will not part with, 327. 
 Ceylon, 363, 364, 368. 
 Chabert, Capt. Peter, to be Brigade-Major, 
 305. 
 
 Chaigneau [David, M.P.], death of, 188, 
 189, 217. 
 
 Chamber or Chambers, Miss Molly, niece 
 of Lady Betty Germain, 152, 156. 
 her marriage, 158. 
 her father, 158. 
 Chamberlain. Lord. See Portland, Duke 
 of. 
 
 Champlain, Lake, 370. 
 
 Champneys, Mr., 158, 159. 
 
 Chancellor, Lord. See Hardwicke, North- 
 
 ington, Camden, Bathurst, Thurlow, 
 
 Lords. 
 
396 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Chapel Izod, letter dated at, 212. 
 Chapman, Lieut. Eichard, 54. 
 Chard, co. Somerset, 2. 
 
 letter dated at, 1. 
 Charlemont [James Caulfeild], Earl of, 
 and Mr. Grattan, 262, 264. 
 is content with Lord North's Resolu- 
 tions, 264. 
 
 Charles I.. 1 the old prerogative doctrines 
 of,' 115. 
 
 and Ireland, 235. 
 Charles II.: 
 
 and Monmouth, 22. 26. 
 
 plot to kill, 22. 
 
 said to have been poisoned by his 
 
 brother, 25. 
 and Ireland, 234, 235. 
 Lord William Russell's letter to, 373. 
 war of, with the Dutch, 382. 
 Charles, Prince [of Lorraine] , on the 
 
 Rhine, 282-284. 
 Charlestown, General Howe's victory at, 
 334. 
 
 Charlotte, Queen, wife of George III., 93. 
 Master of the Horse to. See Dela- 
 
 warr, Lord, 
 presentation to, 138. 
 and the death of Prince Octavius. 144. 
 at Kew, 352. 
 
 and the Duke of Gloucester. 354. 
 Chartres, Due de (1778;, at Brest, 251. 
 
 in England, 144. 
 Chatham, William Pitt. Earl of. adminis- 
 tration of, 114-120. 
 
 ■ . and America, 119. 
 
 , defeat of, on the Land Tax, 120. 
 
 , cannot continue, 121, 123. 
 
 his relations with the King, 67, 129. 
 
 his negotiations with the Bedford 
 party, 114. 
 
 goes near the prerogative doctrines of 
 Charles I., 115. 
 
 appointments made by, 116. 
 
 movements of, 117, 119, 120. 
 
 his views concerning India, 119. 
 
 the '• invisible and unresponsible min- 
 ister," 119. 
 
 state of his health, 120, 121, 124, 
 130. 
 
 and American affairs, 120. 
 rumoured insanity of, 121. 
 court interest estranged from, 121. 
 his speech on the peace, alluded to, 
 138. 
 
 sees no minister but the Duke of 
 
 Grafton, 123. 
 is at Hayes, and sees nobody, 125, 
 
 126, 127. 
 as " the late great commoner." 129. 
 Lord Geo. Germain hopes he will not 
 
 be minister. 132. 
 friends or followers of, 68. 
 his children, in London, 127. 
 [Lady Hester, his wife], 126. 
 Chat s worth, Derbyshire, the Duke of 
 
 Devonshire's house, 62, 215. 
 Chavigny, M., French Ambassador in 
 Switzerland, 40. 
 
 | Chedzoy (Chedzy), near Bridgewater, 16, 
 17. 
 
 letter dated at, 27. 
 ! Chelsea Hospital, 47. 225. 
 
 Governor of. See Howard. Sir Georga. 
 Cherbourg, attacks on, 292-297. 
 
 papers relating to, 292, 293, 297. 
 
 French troops at, 294. 
 
 money taken at, 295, 301 
 Cherbourg Bay, letter dated from, 293. 
 Chester, traveller to, 232. 
 Chesterfleld : 
 
 [Melusina], Lady, gentleman usher to, 
 169. 
 
 [Philip Stanhope]. Earl of, 99, 108. 
 
 , letters from, 36, 169. 
 
 . report that he is to be Lord 
 
 Lieutenant of Ireland, 226. 
 
 , as late Lord Lieutenant, 183. 
 
 , recommends his pages, 169. 
 
 Chevening, co. Kent. Lord Chatham at, 
 130. 
 
 Chevenix, Colonel Philip, letters of, 211. 
 215. 
 
 Chevreuse, Due de. French commander. 
 306. 
 
 Chiltern Hundreds, the, 144. 
 China tea, exportation of, 381. 
 Chingleputt, in the Carnatic, English forces 
 
 at, 360, 361. 
 Chippenham (Chapenham). co. Wilts, the 
 
 King's forces at or going to 3,4, 13. 
 Chittapet, in the Carnatic, attempt to 
 
 surprise. 360. 
 Choiseul. M. de, 133. 
 Christie, Captain, of the Hannibal. 369. 
 Churchill : 
 
 Lieut .-Col. [Charles], 18. 
 John. Lord, and Monmouth's insurrec- 
 tion. 2, 4, 5, 7,9.11,14.15. 18,21. 
 
 . his forces, 2, 11, 13, 14, 15. 
 
 Church of England, 20. 
 
 Ciudadella, living or ' pabordership ' of, 
 
 in Minorca. 371. 
 Cinque Ports, Lord Warden of. See 
 
 Holdernesse. Lord ; North, Lord. 
 Civil List debts, 117. 125. 
 Clanricarde [J ohn Smith de Burgh] , Earl 
 of, 194. 
 letters -of, 222, 230. 
 Clare [Robert Nugent] , Lord, his views on 
 
 the East India Company, 122. 
 Clare, battalion of, at Cherbourg, 294, 295. 
 Claremont, letters dated at, 60, 176. 
 Clarke, George, 211. 
 Clements : 
 
 Nathaniel, 190 194, 196, 199, 243. 
 
 , his employment at the Irish 
 
 Treasury, 212-215, 217-221, 223- 
 229, 23i-233, 236. 237. 
 
 , death of, 246. 
 
 , his wife, 196. 
 
 , his sons, 219, 220, 231. 
 
 , his female friends. 233. 
 
 , son-in-law of. See Burton. Mr. 
 
 Captain, 220. 
 Ensign Thomas, 306. 
 Clements', the, 267. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 397 
 
 Clermont, Lord and Lady, 273. 
 Cleves. French army at. 302. 
 Clifford: 
 
 [Arethusa], Lady, and her sister, 31. 
 
 [Charles Boyle], Lord, son of the Earl 
 of Burlington, 31. 
 Clinton, Sir Henry, 335. 
 
 in America, 139, 271, 276. 
 
 joins Cornwallis. 252. 
 
 desires recall from America. 77. 
 Clive, [Robert]. Lord ; 133. 
 Clogher, city and borough. 280. 
 
 See of, 261. 
 
 Bishop of [Robert Clayton!, 181, 
 192. 
 
 -, Dr. Hotham to be. 273. And 
 
 see Hotham. 
 late Bishop of. See Sterne. 
 Dean of. See Woodward, Dr. 
 description of Cathedral and demesne, 
 
 279. 
 
 Clonfert, Bishop of [Walter Cope], 279. 
 Clonmel, 252. 
 
 Corporation of, 219. 
 Cloyne : 
 
 living of, 190. 
 
 Bisbop of [Geo. Chinnery]. death of. 
 271. 
 
 Bishopric of, 271. 
 Clutterbuck [Thomas] , 152. 
 Coats, Miss, 45. 
 
 Cobham [Richard Grenville] , Lord, after- 
 wards Earl Temple, 179, 180. 
 Cobham, co. Surrey, 22. 
 
 letter dated at 53. 
 Coblentz. French troops near, 302. 
 Cochrane, J. or Will, letter of, 29. 
 
 Sir John, implicated in Moumouth's 
 
 rebellion. 29. 
 family of, 29. 
 Coesdorp or Coosdorpe, 322. 
 Coesfe^t. in Westphalia, 302, 306. 
 Coin or Coinage : 
 
 English, export of, to Ireland, old 
 
 laws concerning. 170. 
 foreign, proclamation concerning. 
 171. 
 
 in Ireland. See Ireland, coinage in. 
 
 Spanish. See Spanish coin. 
 Colclough. Mr.. 215. 
 Coliford. Captain, Serjeant-General, 8, 
 Cologne, French Council of War at, 305. 
 Colyear, General [Walter]. 165, 286. 
 
 daughter of. See Dorset, Duchess of. 
 Commons. House of: 
 
 ballot at 77, 
 
 business before, 55, 77. 
 
 Clerk of, 115. 
 
 Committee of. See East India Com- 
 pany. Committee for. 
 Court interest in. leaders of, 121. 
 leaders of, 49, 124. 
 
 Speakers of. See Onslow, Arthur ; 
 
 Norton, Sir Fletcher ; Cornewall, 
 
 Charles Wolfran. 
 and Sir Robert Walpole, 377. 
 vote in, on the Saxon subsidy. 179, 
 
 180, 181. 
 
 I Commons, House of — cent. 
 
 no great muster in, 151. 
 
 debate and division in, concerning the 
 
 Highlands, 182. 
 fear of a troublesome session in ( 1754) 
 233. 
 
 " a becoming ignorance of its forms " 
 86. 
 
 American debates in, 107-109, 119 
 140. 
 
 repeal of the Stamp Act by, 108. 
 and the Bill of Indemnity, 115. 
 the question of Supply in, 120. 
 Mr^Townshend's budget opened in, 
 
 is at the mercy of the Court, 123. 
 Ea3t India bill passed by, 124. 
 address and debate in, 137. 
 divisions in, 138 (2). 
 extraordinary scenes in, 141. 
 absence of ministers from, 77. 
 Compton : 
 
 Major Sir Francis, in command against 
 
 the Duke of Monmouth, 16, 17, 27. 
 — — , wounded, 17. 
 Mr., at Florence, 52. 
 Sir Spencer (younger son of Eari of 
 
 Northampton, afterwards Earl of 
 
 Wilmington, q.v.), letters of, 33- 
 
 35. 
 
 , letter to, 375. 
 
 ■ , as late Speaker, 375. 
 
 — — . and Sir Robert Walpole, 375- 
 379. 
 
 Concord. English troops at, 134. 
 Conflans, Monsieur, in England, 144. 
 
 scheme of, alluded to, 250. 
 Conjeveram, defeat of the English near, by 
 
 Hyder Ali, 358, 359, 364, 365. 
 Connolly, William, of the Irish Parlia- 
 ment, 191, 199, 262. 
 is a friend to Government, 267, 272. 
 hung up in effigy, 270. 
 a mill-stone round the Lord Lieu- 
 tenant's neck, 270. 
 his great influence, 272. 
 Constantinople, 370. 
 
 Constitution, the, Pitt's declaration con- 
 cerning, 104. 
 Consulships, memorandum on, 387. 
 Contades, Marshall, French General, 302, 
 305-308, 310, 311. 
 at Minden, 320. 
 Conway, General [Henry Seymour]. 53, 
 60,62,68-71,79,99,216. 
 letter of and to, 66. 
 Secretary of State. 62, 100. 102, 113, 
 
 119, 120, 132. 
 and the Stamp Act, 104. 
 illness of, 110. 
 
 his motion for a bill of Indemnity, 
 
 115, 116. 
 his difficult position, 117. 
 his desire to quit office, 105, 120. 
 marriage of his daughter, 121. 
 and Prince Ferdinand's demands, 
 
 123. 
 speech of, 137. 
 
398 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Cook, Cooko : 
 
 Mr., and the Stamp Act, 104. 
 
 petition presented by, 105. 
 
 Nicholas, 23. 
 
 Sir Samuel, address presented by, 209. 
 Cooker, Colonel, of Dorset, his son killed, 
 2. 
 
 Cooper. See Cowper. 
 Coote : 
 
 General Sir Eyre, sent to Madras, 301, 
 365. 
 
 , his difficult position, 363. 
 
 , losses of, before Arcot, 364. 
 
 , in the field against Hyder Ali , 
 
 368. 
 
 , illness of, 369. 
 
 Mr., of the Irish Parliament, 167. 
 Cope: 
 
 Sir John, 386. 
 
 [Robert], M.P., in Ireland, 149, 167. 
 
 , is dying, 194. 
 
 Corbett, Mrs., 48. 
 Cordova, success at, 336. 
 Cork, 225, 275. 
 
 letter dated at, 73. 
 
 feeling at. against the new coinage, 
 
 166, 167. 
 address from, 209. 
 
 , versi6ed, 239. 
 
 election at. 233. 
 
 Lieut-Governor of. See Tonson, 
 Colonel. 
 Corn, embargo upon. 115. 
 Cornbury [Edward Hyde], Viscount, at 
 
 Sedgemoor. 18. 
 Cornewall [Charles Wolfran] , as Speaker, 
 75. 79. 
 
 Cornwall (Cornvel), Captam [Henry] , of 
 the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards, 
 21. 
 
 Cornwall, appointment of a sheriff for, 157. 
 Cornwallis : 
 
 [Charles] , Lord, 53. 
 [Charles] , Lord, son of the above, to 
 be Constable of the Tower. 116. 
 
 , in America. 252. 
 
 General Edward, Governor of Gibral- 
 tar, 114, 117. 
 Hon. Frederick, Bishop of Lichfield. 
 216. 
 
 ■ , as Archbishop of Canterbury. 
 
 267. 
 
 Coromandel, coast of. 364. 
 Corry or Cory [Edmund Leslie], of the 
 Irish Parliament, 224. 
 Armar Lowry. See Lowry-Corry. 
 Cosby, Lieut-Colonel, in India, 360. 
 Cotter, James, desires a seat in Parliament, 
 238. 
 
 Cotton, Sir John, 132. 
 
 Council, the Privy, of George II., 147. 
 
 , , abuse of, 167. 
 
 , , letter of, 203. 
 
 , of George III., letter of. 57. 
 
 , , resolution of, 75. 
 
 , , special meeting of, 78. 
 
 } 1 i r i 8 h bill before, 267. 
 
 Courier de V Europe, 334, 341. 
 
 Court, the, or Court of St. James : 
 (of Queen Anne), 34. 
 (of George II.), 180, 181. 
 , Pitt at, 55. 
 
 , Prince of Orange not a favourite 
 
 at, 150. 
 
 , the Queen's dnwing-room, 150. 
 
 , and Sir Robert Walpole, 150. 
 
 (of George III.), the Prince of Wales 
 at, 48. 
 
 , Lord Geo. Sackville invited to, 
 
 58, 59. 
 
 , and the freedom of the Press, 61 . 
 
 ■, lack of attendance at, by Minis- 
 ters, 61, 97, 126. 
 
 , General Irwin's reception at, 96. 
 
 , ministers at. 98. 
 
 . and the Houses of Parliament, 
 
 123. 
 
 See also St. Jaines ? , Court of. 
 Courtray, Marshal Saxe at. 287. 289. 
 Coventry [George William], Lord, 138. 
 Coventry election, 75. 
 Cowper or Cooper: 
 
 [Grey], Secretary to the Treasury. 
 102, 103. 
 
 [Joshua], of the Irish Parliament, 
 188, 197. 
 
 Cox: 
 
 Dr. [Michael] , Bishop of Ossory, to be 
 
 Archbishop of Cashel, 202, 202 n. 
 Sir Richard, and the Government, 
 167, 182, 207,221, 243. 
 Coy, Captain, his dragoons, 16. 
 Craddock, John, Bishop of Dublin, death 
 
 of, 253, 254. 
 Cranborne, co. Dorset, letter dated at, 186. 
 Creed, Sir James, his election for Canter- 
 bury, 45. 
 
 Cressen, Baron, his generosity to the Duke 
 
 of Gloucester, 350. 
 Crewkerne (Crookherne), co. Somerset, 2. 
 Cricket match. 48. 
 Crillon, Due de, 127. 
 
 attacks Minorca, 373. 
 Cromwell, Oliver, and the British troops 
 
 in the Dutch service, 382. 
 Crosbie or Crosby : 
 
 Lord, 253. 
 
 Lady, 253, 269. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel, trial of, 237. 
 Crown, the : 
 
 estates forfeited to, 182. 
 
 law servants of, 183. 
 Cudalore, French governor at, 369.^ 
 Cuddapah country , in the Carnatic, 366, 367. 
 Cuff. Mr., in Ireland, 167. 
 Cullen, Patrick, 258. 
 Cumberland : 
 
 [William Augustus], Duke of, uncle 
 of George III., 89. 
 
 , provision made for, 111, 121. 
 
 , letter of, 186. 
 
 — — , letter to, 187. 
 
 wounded at Dettingen, 283. 
 
 . sends Lord G. Sackville to 
 
 Marshal Saxe, 290-292. 
 • , instructions from. 290. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 399 
 
 Cumberland [William Augustus], Duke of 
 — cont. 
 
 , Chancellor of Trin. Coll., Dub- 
 lin, 186. 
 — — , speech of, quoted, 213. 
 
 , conversation of . with Fox, 89. 
 
 . illness of, 97. 
 
 — , death of, 111. 
 [Henry Frederick, brother of 
 George III.], Duke of, 343. 
 
 , his love letters, mentioned, 130. 
 
 , horse for, 338. 
 
 Duchess of, 343. 
 
 Eichard, dramatist, his mission to 
 
 Spain, 323-342. 
 . letters of, 323. 325. 327, 332- 
 
 338, 340. 
 
 , letters to, 324, 334. 
 
 , describes Lisbon, 332. 
 
 ■ , breaks his arm, 336. 
 
 ■, death of his son George and 
 
 birth of a daughter, 337. 
 
 , illness of, 342. 
 
 , production of his play, The 
 
 Carmelite, 342. 
 , expected betrothal of his 
 
 daughter, 343. 
 , with the Duke of Cumberland, 
 
 343. 
 
 , at a cricket match, 48. 
 
 — - his wife and family, 332-338. 
 
 , his son Charles, the Ensign, 337. 
 
 , . at the cricket match, 48. 
 
 , his eldest daughter [Elizabeth] . 
 
 337. And see Bentinck. 
 
 , his daughter Sophia, 337. 
 
 Cuninghame. Cunningham: 
 James (Jemmy), 129. 
 Mr. (in 1737), his quarrel with young 
 
 Allen, 168. 
 Captain Robert, afterwards Colonel, 
 
 Major-General and Lieut.-General, 
 
 51, 65-67, 91, 98, 100, 125. 135, 
 
 137, 138, 194. 212, 268. 
 , letters of, 212. 218. 219, 224, 
 
 233 269,273. 
 , aide-de-camp to Archbishop 
 
 Stone, Lord Justice, 172. 
 
 , satisfactory conduct of, 171. 
 
 , his promotion 172, 239. 
 
 -, his mission to England in 1777. 
 
 244. 
 
 , laughed at by his friends. 140. 
 
 , awkward position of, 143. 
 
 , created Lord Rossmore, 269 n. 
 
 , his seat in Wicklow, 277. 
 
 Curteis, T., letter of, 380. 
 Curtis, Dr.. of Canterbury. 45. 
 Cust : 
 
 Sir John, Speaker, 96. 
 
 [Peregrine] , his brother, speech of, 86. 
 Custom House employes. 118. 
 Cuttack, in Bengal, Mahrattas at, 362. 364. 
 
 D 
 
 Dalkeith, Ladyfwifeof Charles Townshend). 
 and her children, 97. 
 fortune inherited by, on the death of 
 her mother, 123. 
 Dallas, Lieutenant, of the East India Com- 
 pany's troops. 370. 
 j Dalrymple, Sir John, 281. 
 letter from, 74. 
 brother of. 74. 
 Daly. Dennis, of the Irish Parliament. 262. 
 
 speeches of, 247, 265. 
 Darner : 
 
 Hon. George (afterwards 2nd Lord 
 
 Milton;, 48. ' 
 
 , letters of, 72, 73. 
 
 , marriage of, 121. 
 
 Joseph (afterwards 1st Lord Milton, 
 
 q.v.), 178. 
 Lionel. 144. 
 
 , his uncle, 144. 
 
 Danby, [Bridget], Countess of, 31. 
 Danes, the : 
 
 in Somersetshire (temp. King Alfred), 
 
 28. 
 
 in India, arms bought from, 363. 
 Daniel [Richard] . Dean of Down, 148. 
 Danish volunteers, in the English fleet, 
 342. 
 
 Dare, Mr., of Taunton, killed, 23. 
 Darlington [Henry Vane]. Earl of ; means 
 
 to resign, 102. 
 Dartmouth : 
 
 [George Legge] . Lord. 9, 10. 
 [William Legge] . Earl of, 72, 108. 
 
 -, Secretary for the Colonies, 135. 
 
 , succeeded by Lord G. Germain, 
 
 138. 
 
 Daun, Marshal, Austrian General, block- 
 ades Dresden, 302. 
 Dawson, Alderman, of Dublin, 212, 222. 
 And see Wilcox and Dawson, 
 suggested for employment, 227, 228. 
 Dealtry, Mr., votes of, requested, 273. 
 Deane, Sir R., in Ireland, 267. 
 De Bulow, aide-de-camp to Prince Fer- 
 dinand. 304. 
 Deering, Sir Edward, unsuccessful candi- 
 dature of [at Dover], 40, 42. 
 I De Grangues. See Desgrangues. 
 De Grey, Mr., 338. 
 Delany, Dr. , of Dublin, 162. 
 Delaware, the river, 139. 
 Delawarr : 
 
 [John West] , Lord, at Mayence, 282. 
 [John West, 2nd] Earl of, Master of 
 the Horse to the Queen, 116. 
 Delhi, King of. See Mogul, the Great, 
 proposed attempt upon, 362. 
 Hyder Ali's ambassador at, ibid. 
 Dempster [George], a Scotch member, his 
 
 speech. 86. 
 Denbigh [Basil Fielding], Earl of, 141. 
 
400 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Denmark, King of [Frederick V.], service 
 of. 44. 
 
 [Christian VII.]. treaty of marriage 
 
 with, 111. 
 
 , his visit to England, 128 (2). 
 
 , his favourite, 128. 
 
 Denmark, 44. 
 
 and England, 57, 304. 340, 342. 
 negotiations of, with Spain, 340. 
 minister from, to Spain. See 
 
 Reventlau. 
 
 Derby : 
 
 [Sir Edward Stanley], Earl of. 
 attacks the Judges' salaries, 
 54. 
 
 [Edward Smith Stanley] , Earl of, and 
 '' Lady Paragon,'' 343. 
 Derbyshire, gentlemen of, 169. 
 Derry : 
 
 Bishop of [Thos. Bundle], 167. 
 
 , [William Barnard] , 179. 215. 
 
 . See Hervey, Hon. Frederick. 
 
 Bishopric, of. 179. 
 
 Deanery of, 259. 
 Desbrisay, Captain, legacy to, 215. 
 Desgrangues or De Grangues, General. 188. 
 214. 
 
 his death and will, 214-216, 221. 
 niece of. See Arabin, Mrs. 
 Despenser [Sir Francis Dashwood], Lord, j 
 
 to be a Postmaster. 116. 
 D' Estaign, Comte, French Admiral, his 
 squadron in the West Indies, 72, I 
 139. 
 
 Dettingen, battle of, 37. 
 
 sickness in the army after, 283. 
 De venter, Lord G. Sackville at, 304. 
 Devizes, the, co. Wilts, 3, 8, 10, 15. 
 
 troops sent to, 11, 19. 21. 
 Devonshire [William Cavendish, 3rd] 
 Dake of, 191. 
 
 •, as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 
 
 166-168. 
 
 [William Cavendish, 4th] Duke of, 
 60-62, 91. 
 
 , dismissal of, 90. 
 
 — , and Pitt, 50. 
 
 , to be First Lord of the Treasury. ! 
 
 51. 
 
 Devonshire, 5, 28. 
 
 merchants of, and the Irish wool trade, 
 257. 
 
 Diamonds, contract for, 333. 
 Dick, Sir John, 349, 350. 
 
 recommended by the Duke of Glouces- 
 ter, 348. 
 
 Digby, '-Lord William," grand-daughter 
 
 of, 45. 
 Dilkes : 
 
 Colonel, in Ireland, his dismissal. 206. 
 213. 
 
 of the Royal Hospital, 136, 
 Dinant, in Brittany, 298. 
 Disney, Mr., 214. 
 Dissen, the Allies at, 309, 311. 
 Dissenters, 26. 
 
 dissatisfaction of, 153. 
 
 Dodington, George Bubb, afterwards Lord 
 Melcombe. 157. 
 letters of. 36, 150, 184. 
 letters to, 149, 182. 
 his reception at Court, 150, 156. 
 and the differences in the Royal 
 
 Family, 155, 157. 
 anonymous letter ascribed to, 375. 
 D'Oeyras. Count, son of the Marquis de 
 
 Pombal, 333. 
 Dohna, Count, successful attack by, 302. 
 D Oilly. Mr. [?Lord G. Sackville's valet], 
 42. 
 
 Don. Captain, 373 (2). 
 Dorset : 
 
 Charles Sackville. Earl of, letter of, 
 32. 
 
 — , death of, 33. 
 
 -, debts, legacies, &c, of, 33. 
 
 -, son of. See Lionel, Earl, beloiv. 
 
 Charles, 2nd Duke of. 47. 
 
 . letters of, 67, 83. 
 
 , his interest at Hythe, 67, 68. 
 
 , letter to, 63. 
 
 , goes Ambassador to France, 84. 
 
 , illness of. 127. 
 
 John Frederick 3rd Duke of, 141, 269. 
 — — , ball given by, 143. 
 — — •, at the French Court, 145. 
 Lionel, Earl, and (in 1720) 1st Duke 
 of, 43. 45,47, 86. 
 
 , letters of. 35, 43, 149. 186. 187, 
 
 201, 204 .206, 208. 
 
 . letters to, 33-37, 146-170, 175- 
 
 181, 186. 196, 197. 203, 208, 209, 
 219, 282-290. 
 
 , . from the Electress, 34. 
 
 — — , guardianship of, 33. 
 
 •, dismissal of, by George I., 36. 
 
 , made a Duke, 36. 
 
 and his son, Lord John. 39, 40, 
 
 41. 
 
 , his first Lieutenancy of Ireland, 
 
 146-166. 
 
 — — , requests or recommenda- 
 tions to, 146, 159-166, 191, 192. 
 , , congratulated on his suc- 
 cess, 147. 
 
 — — , and the Bill for Dissenters, 
 
 153. 
 
 , is urged to return to Eng- 
 land, 154. 
 . and Trinity College, Dub- 
 lin, 159, 160, 161. 
 
 . as Lord Steward, warrant to, 
 
 380. 
 
 • his second Lieutenancy of Ire- 
 land, 169-236. 
 .. requests or recommenda- 
 tions to. 169, 172. 175. 177,_216. 
 
 . , instructions for, 170. 
 
 , -, wines for, dishonest deal- 
 ing concerning, 170. 
 
 , — . — , and the Chancellorship of 
 
 Trinity College, 171. 
 
 — — , , and the coinage, 171-175. 
 
 . , asked to allow a picture 
 
 of the late Queen to be copied, 175. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 401 
 
 Dorset, Lionel, Duke of, his second 
 Lieutenancy of Ireland — oont. 
 , ■, speech of, sent to England, 
 
 . , arrives at Dublin. 176. 
 
 , , his departure from Ire- 
 land, 184. 185. 
 
 , , health of, drunk, 190, 
 
 222. 
 
 — — , , a son of, at Trinity Col- 
 lege, Dublin, 160. 
 
 , , has conferred favours 
 
 only on those who deserved them. 
 193. 
 
 , , his presence in Ireland 
 
 wished for, 196. 
 
 , , Lord Kildare's attack up- 
 on, 196-199. 
 
 , , difficulties of, with dissen- 
 tient members of the Government, 
 198-204. 
 
 , , and the dismissal of the 
 
 dissentients, 204, 206, 207. 
 
 , , prorogues Parliament, 
 
 206. 
 
 , , and the re-forming of the 
 
 administration, 208. 
 , , attendance upon, on his 
 
 leaving Ireland, 209, 210, 217. 
 , , and Mr. Clements. 213- 
 
 215,218-221, 227-229. 
 
 , ■ , recommendation by. 217. 
 
 , , plate and linen of, sent 
 
 to Ireland, 217. 
 — — , , need for more spirited 
 
 action by, 223, 224. 
 , , said to have been ' rumped ' 
 
 by the King, 226. 
 , , works ordered by, at Dub- 
 lin Castle, 234. 
 , , discourse of, with English 
 
 Ministers, 235. 
 
 , is to return to Ireland, 236. 
 
 no longer Lieutenant, 238. 
 
 , death of, 46, 103. 
 
 , parliament boroughs in the 
 
 hands of, 89, 90, 153, 155. 
 . his wife. See Elizabeth, 
 
 Countess, below. 
 , his sons. See Middlesex. Lord ; 
 
 Sackville, Lords John and George. 
 , his eldest daughter, birth of, 
 
 35. 
 
 ■ , his daughter Caroline. See 
 
 Milton, Lady. 
 
 , his sister. See Shannon, Lady. 
 
 , his secretaries, 161, 162. 
 
 Elizabeth [Colyear], Countess and 
 Duchess of, wife of Earl Lionel, 35, 
 39, 149, 150, 158, 161, 175. 
 
 , letter to, 35. 
 
 , ' the Queen of Ireland, ' 147. 
 
 , at the Bath, 163. 
 
 , death of, 127. 
 
 , uncle of. See Portmore, Lord. 
 
 , executor of, 92. 
 
 Dorsetshire, 2. 
 
 Militia of, 11, 15. 
 
 Dorsten, in Westphalia, 307. 
 Douglas, Douglass : 
 
 Col. [Archbold] , at Sedgemoor, 18. 
 
 Colonel, of the Dutch Brigade, 383. 
 
 Sir Charles, letter of, 75. 
 
 Captain, Judge Advocate, resignation 
 of, 307. 
 
 Lady Jane, wife of Sir John Stewart, 
 114. 
 
 peerage, 114. 
 Douglas, Isle of Man, 200. 
 Dournal, in the Carnatic, 366. 
 Dover : 
 
 letter dated at, 42. 
 
 election dinner at, alluded to, 170. 
 Dowdeswell [William], 70, 71. 
 
 Chancellor of the Exchequer, 62, 
 113. 
 
 suggested as Speaker, 96. 
 as the late Chancellor, 120. 
 Down : 
 
 Bishop of. See Ryder, Dr. John ; 
 
 Whetcombe, Dr. ; Downes, Robert, 
 deanery of, candidates for, 148. 
 Downe [Henry Pleydell Downey], Viscount, 
 
 death of, 46. 
 Downes : 
 
 Robert, Bishop of Ferns, translated 
 
 to Down, 186. 
 Robin, M.P. for Kildare, killed, 214- 
 
 216. 
 
 character of, 214. 
 Downing, Katherine, Lady (wife of Sir 
 
 George), death of, 32. 
 Downs, the, ships in, 75. 
 Doz, Don Vincente, Spanish Admiral, 841. 
 Drake. Mr., midshipman, captured by 
 
 the French, 369. 
 Draper : 
 
 Colonel, and the Spaniards, 100. 
 Sir William, Lieut. -Governor of Min- 
 orca, 373. 
 
 Drayton, co. Northampton, 38, 47,48, 342. 
 letters dated at, 45, 47 81, 82, 130, 
 
 133, 136. 
 oomedy, the, 342. 
 Dresden, blockade of, 302. 
 Drinking habits in Ireland, 166, 168. 
 Dromore, vacant see of, 254. 
 Druggists' petition, the, 155. 
 Drumlanrig [Henry Douglas], Earl of, 
 
 regiment raised by, 383. 
 Drury, Justice, concerned in a riot, 210- 
 
 212, 214, 215, 217. 
 Dublin, 38, 159, 233, 267, 324. 
 
 or Dublin Castle, letters dated at, 37, 
 
 78, 149, 159, passim. 
 banks closed in, 238. 
 the Boyne Club in : 168. 
 circulation of Spanish money in, 175, 
 176. 
 
 King's birthday celebrated at, 178. 
 Lord Dorset's arrival at, 176. 
 newspapers of, 274. 
 patriots of, violence of, 274. 
 rejoicings at. 263. 
 riots in, 217, 255. 
 volunteers in, 256, 274. 
 
 21250 
 
 2C 
 
402 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Dublin : 
 
 Arohbishop of [Chas. Cobb], 186. 
 And see Craddock, John ; Fowler, 
 Robert. 
 
 , is visitor of Trinity College, 186. 
 
 Alderman of, 162. 
 Barrack Master of, 162. 
 Grand Jury of. 211. 
 Lord Mayor of (1754), 210, 211, 215, 
 217. 
 
 — (1779), 265. 
 
 , his feast, 166. 
 
 , the future, 271. 
 
 Recorder of, 217. 
 Sheriff of, 234. And see Wray. 
 Dublin Castle, 187, 190, 200. 
 
 , proposed illumination of, 265. 
 
 , garden of, works in, 234. 
 
 ■ , gate of, 209. 
 
 Christ Church, Dean of. See Stone, 
 
 Dr. George. 
 
 , Treasurer of, 166. 
 
 Council office, letter dated at, 219. 
 Dame Street, letter dated from, 48. 
 Dawson Street. 214. ' 
 Deanery House, letters dated at, 149. 
 
 163-165. 
 
 Hamilton Row, letter dated from, 260. 
 
 Liberty of, 210, 217. 
 
 Newgate, 356. 
 
 North Wall, 209. 
 
 the Palace, letter dated at, 267. 
 
 Post Office. 200. 
 
 Royal Hospital, letters dated from, 
 243, 250, 252, 253, 263, 268. 
 
 ' , a valuable appointment, 136. 
 
 Tholsel, the, 168, 222. 
 Treasury, letter dated at, 196. 
 Trinity College : 
 
 Chancellor of. See Cumberland, 
 
 Duke of. 
 Fellows and Provost of, 170, 171, 
 186. 
 
 Fellows of, Dean Swift's letter 
 concerning, 159. 
 
 fellowships at, conditions for hold- 
 ing, 159, 160, 161. 
 
 patronage of. 160. 
 
 Provost of, 248, 253. And see 
 Beaufort, Mr. ; Hutchinson. 
 J. H. 
 
 students at, 160. 
 
 Vice-Chancellor of See Stone, Dr. 
 Vice-Chancellorship of, vacant, 
 186. 
 
 Visitor of. See Dublin. Arch- 
 bishop of. 
 
 Dublin, county of, grand jury for, 215. 
 
 Duff, Admiral, 72. 
 
 Duffield, Mr., 38, 41. 
 
 Duitz, French camp at, 306. 
 
 Dulmen. near Munster, 302. 306. 
 
 Dumbarton [George Douglas] , Earl of, 
 letter of, 1, 
 forces under, 12, 15, 18, 21. 
 
 Dunblaine or Dunblaney [Peregrine 
 Osborne] , Viscount, wounded at Sedge- 
 moor, 21. 
 
 Dunboyne, Dr. Sheridan's living, 161. 
 Duncannon [William Ponsonbvl, Lord 
 
 239. J 
 Duncannon fort. 211. 
 Dundalk, 260. 
 Dundas, Dundass : 
 
 Henry, Lord Advocate of Scotland, 
 78. 
 
 Sir Lawrence, 99. 
 Dunkeld, Scotch Dutch Brigade at, 382. 
 Dunkirk, ships from, 6. 
 Dunning [John] , pamphlet by, 100. 
 
 speech of, 137. 
 
 his promotion. 141. 
 Dunvegan Castle, in Skye, 74. 
 Durham. Mr., house leased to, 213. 
 Dury, Major-General Alexander, before 
 
 Cherbourg. 294. 
 Diisseldorf, French forces at, 305. 306. 
 Dutch : 
 
 Consul in Spain, 333. 
 
 East India Company, ships of, attaoked, 
 386. 
 
 newspapers, 341. 
 
 officers with Monmouth, 20. 
 
 Scotch Brigade. See Scotch Dutch 
 Brigade. 
 
 ship, captured. 364. 
 
 troops, 283, 284, 286, 289, 382, 383. 
 Dutch, the, and the Emperor, 47. 
 
 equivocal proceedings of, 275. 
 
 English ships rescued from, 365. 
 
 Chiefs "stolen'' by, 365. 
 
 war with. See Charles II. 
 Dyke, Sir John, suggested for East Grin- 
 stead ; 46, 47. 
 Dyson [Jeremiah], turned out of office. 101. 
 
 dressing given to, by Wedderburn. 133. 
 
 death of, 134. 
 
 E 
 
 East, the, plan for governing the British 
 
 possessions in, 384. 
 Eastbury, co. Berks, 150. 
 East Indies. See India. 
 Eaton. Major [William] , at Sedgemoor, 18. 
 Eden, William. 136. 
 letters of, 278, 279. 
 proposed as Secretary for Ireland, 266. 
 as Secretary, 278. 279. 
 Edgcumbe [George], Lord, Treasurer of 
 
 the Household, Pitt's slight to, 116. 
 Edinburgh, letter dated at, 385. 
 Edmonds. Col. Sir William, of the Scotch 
 
 Dutch Brigade, 381. 
 Edward IV, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 
 
 for. See Gormanstown, Lord. 
 Edward Augustus, Prinoe, 2nd son of 
 
 Frederick. Prince of Wales. 293, 294. 
 Edward, Fort, 139. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 403 
 
 Egmont [John Percival], Earl of, 101, 131, 
 180. 
 
 and Lord G. Sackville, 63-65. 
 proposed administration under, 63. 
 his ability, ibid. 
 
 First Lord of the Admiralty, resig- 
 nation of, 114. 
 Egremont [Sir Charles Wyndham], Earl 
 of, at Taunton, 380. 
 made Secretary of State, 85n. 
 Eichhorst, French battery at, 321. 
 Elbe, the river, transports sailing from, 
 304. 
 
 Eleotoral dominions. See Hanover. 
 
 forces of, 53. 
 Elibank [Patrick Murray] . Lord, his 
 
 kindness to his brother, 370. 
 Eliott, Sir J., physician, 145. 
 Elizabeth, Queen, and Ireland, 235. 
 Elliott, Major - General [Grenville], at 
 Cherbourg, 295,296. 
 
 aide-de-camp of, 318. 
 Ellis: 
 
 Agar, 189. 
 
 ■ , his father, 189. 
 
 [Welbore] , and the Vice-Treasurership 
 in Ireland, 101, 102. 
 
 , to second the Address. 75. 
 
 , as Secretary of State, 78. 
 
 Elmer, Captain, 12. 
 
 Ely [Henry Loftus], Earl of, 267. 
 
 Ely, Francis [Turner] , Bishop of, 22. 
 
 Emms, the river, 309 . 
 
 Emperor, the : 
 
 [Charles VI], treaty of, with France, 
 163. 
 
 [Joseph II], 47. 
 
 , and Spain. 340, 341. 
 
 , Ambassador of, to Spain. See 
 
 Kaunitz. 
 
 , Court of. See Vienna, Court of. 
 
 England : 
 
 domestic faction in, 275. 
 
 extensive dominions of, embarrass- 
 ments from, 275. 
 
 government of. See Government. 
 
 judges of (1692). opinion of, 235. 
 
 storms gathering in, 233. 
 English : 
 
 fashions, followed at Madrid, 338. 
 
 merchants, and the Irish wool trade, 
 257. 
 
 Ennindoa, in the Carnatic, 367. 
 Ensinghen, Prince of. See Nassau. 
 Erskine : 
 
 Sir Henry, letters of, 45, 46. 
 
 , letters to, 58, 59. 
 
 Lady, 46. 
 
 Essex [Arthur Capel] , Earl of, death of. 
 25. 
 
 Europe , Northern Powers of, 275. 
 
 emigrants from, to America, 371. 
 Evelyn [William], and Hythe borough, 
 
 67, 68, 118. 
 Ewer, Bishop [? of Llandaff], 99. 
 
 Exchequer : 
 
 Baron of. See Gregory, Sir William. 
 
 Chancellors of. See Legge, Henry ; 
 Dowdeswell, William ; Townshend, 
 Charles ; North, Lord ; Cavendish, 
 Lord John ; Pitt, William, junr. 
 
 Pell Office in, letter dated at, 348. 
 Excise, the, 96. 
 
 clamour concerning, 155. 
 Exclusion Bill, mentioned, 22. 
 Exeter, 6, 6. 
 
 letter dated at, 6. 
 
 mayor of, 5. 
 Exmouth, co. Devon, 6. 
 Eyre, Mr., of Galway, 198. 
 
 F 
 
 F. J. , memoir by, 74. 
 Fagel : 
 
 Monsieur, his niece, 286. 
 Pensionary (temp. James II), and 
 the British troops in Holland, 382. 
 Fairchild, George, Mayor of Barnstaple, 
 
 letter from, 19. 
 Fairfax [Robert] . his election for Kent, 42. 
 Fairs. 174. 
 
 Falkland Island, 131. 
 
 Falmouth, Cornwall, 337. 
 
 False Bay, Cape of Good Hope, 365. 
 
 Fane, Francis, 380. 
 
 Fanshaw [Simon], M.P., his vote on the 
 
 Stamp Act, 108. 
 Farnaby, Sir Charles, of Sevenoake, 46, 
 
 47w. 
 
 Farnham, co'. Surrey, 22. 
 Faucit, Captain, 318. 
 
 Fazel Beg Cawn, the Governor of Madras 
 writes to, 366. 
 and the Nizam, 367. 
 Felton, Mr., 38. 
 
 Ferdinand. Prince, of Brunswiok : 
 letters of, 302-305, 308, 313, 314. 
 letters to, 302-306, 309, 312, 313. 
 his campaign on the Lower Rhine, 54, 
 
 301-311. 
 George II. 's confidence in, 56, 57. 
 does not trust his intentiona to others. 
 
 305, 320. 
 must be supported, 316. 
 at Minden, 312, 313, 320-322. 
 his charges against Lord G. Sackville, 
 
 312-314, 317. 
 his campaign in 1761, 84, 85. 
 his treatment of General Sporcken, 
 
 84. 
 
 Lord G. Sackville's opinion of, 88. 
 demand for money by. 123. 
 Ferguson [Robert], chaplain to Monmouth, 
 22. 
 
 Ferns, Bishop of. See Downes, Garnet, 
 Bourke, Drs. 
 Deanery of, 163. 
 
404 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Ferrol Harbour, in Spain, remarks on, 383. 
 Feversham [Louis Duras] , Earl of : 
 
 letters of, 3, 4, G, 10, 19, 21. 
 
 account of his progress against the 
 Duke of Monmouth. 12-19. 
 
 orders his army on Sedgemoor, 16. 
 
 at Sedgemoor, 16-18. 
 Finch, William, "quartered onLord Howe *' 
 [i.e. as Vice-Treasurer of the Navy], 112. 
 Finglass, 188. 
 
 Fischer, " the famous partisan,'' 322. 
 Fitzgerald, Captain, and the Belle Poule 
 
 frigate, 276. 
 Fitzgibbon [John], of the Irish Parliament, 
 
 262. 
 
 Fitzharding [Maurice Berkeley] , Viscount, 
 in command against Monmouth, 15. 
 
 Fitz James, Due de, in England, 144. 
 
 Fitzmaurice [William], Lord, aide-de- 
 camp. 45. 
 
 Fitzroy, Colonel [Charles], 307, 311. 
 
 Fitzwalter, Lady, 41. 
 
 Flanders, the English army hope to winter 
 in, 285. 
 
 the English army in (1744). 286-290 ; 
 (1748), 290, 292. 
 Flax and Hemp, 387. 
 Fleet, the, at Cherbourg. See Cherbourg. 
 Fleming, Mr., Colonel of a Hampshire 
 
 regiment, 11. 
 Fletcher : 
 
 officer under the Duke of Monmouth. 
 
 kills Mr. Dare in a quarrel, 23. 
 Sir Eobert, commander in chief at 
 Madras, 358. 
 
 ■ , letter of, 355. 
 
 Lieut. -Colonel, killed, 365. 
 Floury, Cardinal, 40. 
 Flood: 
 
 Henry, Vice -Treasurer for Ireland, 
 136, 264, 275, 276. 
 
 , speech of, 265. 
 
 [Warden], Solicitor-General for Ire- 
 land, 174. 
 
 , as Attorney-General, 203, 211, 
 
 226, 227, 234. 
 Florence, Englishman at, 52. 
 Florida Blanca, Count, Spanish Prime 
 Minister, letters of, mentioned, 323, 
 340. 343. 
 and the King of Spain, 327 (2), 328. 
 Mr. Hussey's negotiations with, 329, 
 
 331, 337. 
 his policy. 335, 340. 
 letter of, 338. 
 Floridas, the, France's engagement for, 328. 
 Foulkes (Fookes), Colonel, with the Duke 
 
 of Monmouth, 19. 
 Foreign : 
 
 officers, papers relative to naturaliza- 
 tion of. 383. 
 troops, designed for America, 137. 
 Forester : 
 
 Lady Mary, letters of Princess Mary 
 of Orange to, 29-32. 
 
 , 1 birth of her daughter, 30. 
 
 , sister of. See Downing, Lady. 
 
 Mr., husband of Lady Mary, 30. 
 
 Forrester, Mr., suggested as Speaker, 96. 
 Fortescue : 
 
 Lady Blayney, 212. 
 
 Mr., 194,212. 
 Fort St. George, Madras, 356, 363. 
 
 letters dated at, 355, 365, 368. 
 Fort St. Philip, Minorca, 372. 
 
 letter dated at, 372. 
 
 siege of, 373. 
 Fortye, — , a little boy, nominated 'as 
 
 barrack-master, 357. 
 Foster or Forster [John], of the Irish 
 Parliament, 256. 
 
 his oharaoter and abilities, 262, 265. 
 
 speech of, 265. 
 Fowler : 
 
 Captain, to be Judge Advocate of the 
 
 Army, 307. 
 Dr. [Robert], and the Arohbishopric 
 
 of Dublin, 253. 
 , as Archbishop, letters of. 267, 
 
 271, 273. 
 ■ — — , living bestowed by, 271 . 
 Fox: 
 
 Captain [Charles], of Trelawny's regi- 
 ment, 27. 
 
 Charles James, 78, 79, 83, 142. 
 
 , speech of, 137. 
 
 , Secretary of State, 144. 
 
 — — -, and the Eeform Bill. 144. 
 
 -, his India Bill, 145. 
 
 ■ , and the Irish opposition, 264. 
 
 Henry, 137, 189, 239. 
 
 , letters of, 49, 50 (3), 58, 90. 
 
 , letters to, 49, 50. 
 
 , Secretary of State, 49. 
 
 , his anxiety for Pitt's support, 
 
 50. 
 
 , his leadership, 89. 
 
 , followers of, 89. 
 
 , as Lord Holland. See Holland. 
 
 Sir Stephen, Paymaster, 11. 
 Fox-Lane, Mr., 188. 
 France : 
 
 [Louis XV.], King of, in Flanders, 
 289. 
 
 , "the lawless Louis," 240. 
 
 , money of, at Cherbourg, 294. 
 
 , as the late King, permitted his 
 
 brother to marry privately, 347. 
 
 [Louis XVI.], King of, has enough to 
 do at home, 133. 
 
 allies of, illused and disgusted, 57. 
 
 ambassadors from, 90, 145. And see 
 Chavigny. 
 
 ambassadors to, See Dorset and Man- 
 chester. Dukes of. 
 
 armaments of, 248. 
 
 • , meant for Ireland. 249. 
 
 attack upon. See Cherbourg and St. 
 Malo. 
 
 attitude of , towards America, 330. 
 Court of. See French Court, 
 embarrassment caused by, in England, 
 275. 
 
 emissaries of, 264. 
 
 English officers well received in, 142. 
 prisoners in, list of, 384. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 405 
 
 France — cont. 
 
 invasion by, possibility of, 72, 151,828. 
 
 , preparations for, 56, 57. 
 
 peace with, 143, 144. 
 possessions demanded for, 78. 
 proceedings or designs of , in India, 356. 
 Soots regiment raised for the service of 
 
 (temp. Charles II.), 382. 
 ship from, 234. 
 
 and Spain, 178, 327, 328, 330, 335 
 337, 339. 
 
 treaty of, with the Emperor ( 1735), 163. 
 
 — — , proposed, with England, 326, 327. 
 
 war with ; impending, 384. 
 
 and the West Indies, 328. 
 Frankenberg, letters dated at, 313, 314. 
 Frankf ort, Lord Dorset at, 34. 
 Franklin, Dr. Benjamin, his moderation, 
 136. 
 
 in Paris, 325. 
 
 his emissaries in Ireland, 324. 
 Fraser : 
 
 [Archibald], late consul at Algiers, 
 133. 
 
 General [Simon], letter of, alluded 
 to, 268. 
 
 Frederiok, Prince (afterwards Prince of 
 Wales), birth of, 34. See Wales, 
 Frederick, Prince of. 
 Frederick, Charles or Sir Charles, Sur- 
 veyor-General of the Ordnance, 
 letters of, 55 (2). 
 Frehel, Cape de, 297, 298. 
 Freke : 
 
 Sir John, 193. 
 Lady, 193. 
 French, Mr., olergyman, 188. 
 French : 
 
 Admiral, 329. 
 
 — 1 — , in India. See Suffren. 
 army, at Cherbourg, 294-296. 
 
 , strength of, 301 . 
 
 , near St. Malo, 299-301. 
 
 — , in Germany, 86, 88, 302. 
 
 , ill-behaviour of, 88. 
 
 , movements of (1743), 282-285, 
 
 302. 
 
 , town burnt by, 286. 
 
 — , movements of (1744), 287-290. 
 , attempt of, to intercept the 
 
 English march, 288. 
 , hopes of drawing away, from 
 
 Germany, 293. 
 
 , battle fought by, 302. 
 
 , left without a oommander-in- 
 
 chief, 306. 
 
 , disposition of, 306. 
 
 , at Minden, 320-322. 
 
 , in India, 363. 
 
 , with Hyder Ali. See Hyder Ali. 
 
 cabal, in Spain, 337. 
 
 camp, Lord George Sackville in, 292. 
 
 Court, 40, 95. 
 
 , pacific intentions of, 131. 
 
 , Lord Dorset visits, 145. 
 
 fleet, cannot be brought to action, 271 . 
 
 , sickness in, 329. 
 
 , engagements with, 364,368, 369. 
 
 French fleet' — cont. 
 
 , at the Cape of Good Hope, 365. 
 
 , off the coast of Ceylon, 368. 
 
 , English ships captured by, 369. 
 
 round Minorca, 371 . 
 
 forces, numbers of, 289. 
 
 gardes des Cotes, 299. 
 
 governor, at Cudalore, 369. 
 
 minister, favourable language of, 137. 
 
 officers, killed or taken, 284. 
 
 , converse with their English ac- 
 quaintances, 307. 
 
 , in Hyder Ali's service, 359. 
 
 party, in Holland, 177. 
 
 prisoners, 284, 308. 
 
 renegadoes in America, 371 . 
 
 ships, 6(2), 364, 371. 
 
 , captured, 271. 
 
 French, the, 55. 
 
 surprise St. Helier, 75. 
 
 are acting on the defensive, 88. 
 
 intended invasion [of Ireland! by, 
 237. 
 
 in India, 365. 
 
 , hand over English prisoners to 
 
 Hyder Ali, 369. 
 
 in the West Indies, 95. 
 
 attack Minorca, 373. 
 
 at Goree, 384. 
 Friesland, East, loss of supplies from, 86. 
 Frome, co. Somerset, 6, 9, 10, 20. 
 
 the rebels at, 8, 13, 15, 22. 
 
 Duke of Monmouth proclaimed at, 13. 
 Fulda, letters dated at, 304, 305. 
 
 Austrian forces near, 305. 
 Funds, the, rise in, 252. 
 Furness, Harry, 155. 
 
 G 
 
 Gage, General [Thomas], his operations in 
 America, 134, 136. 
 his proclamation, 136. 
 his recall, 372. 
 Gall, J., letter of, 325. 
 Gallette Fort, near Cherbourgh. See La 
 Gallette. 
 
 Galloway, threatened landing in, 1. 
 Galway : 
 
 election interest in, 194. 
 
 governors of, 198. 
 
 landing of the French in, threatened, 
 249. 
 
 Garden, J., deputy Adjutant-General, 244. 
 Gardiner : 
 
 Charles, 191. 
 
 Mrs. Charles, 191. 
 
 Colonel, his regiment, 286. 
 
 Luke, of the Council in Ireland, 166, 
 173, 174, 190, 191, 211. 
 
 , letter of, 196. 
 
 , his illness, 228, 231. 
 
406 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Garnet . Dr. [John], 177. 
 
 as Bishop of Ferns, letter from. 212. 
 Garrick [David], Pitt compared with. 86. 
 Garter, order of, 379. 
 
 bestowals of, 103. 
 Gasooyne, Bamber, letter read by. 108. 
 Gauntlet. Lieut.-Col. William, 373. 
 Gausel, Lieut.-Colonel, before Cherbourgh. 
 294. 
 
 Gavelkind, law of, in Ireland, 281. 
 Gazette, the, news in, 86, 143, 297, 300. 
 Geary, Admiral, 271. 
 Genoese, a, 88. 
 
 George I., Lord Dorset dismissed by, 36. 
 
 as the late king, 375. 
 George II., 49, 58. 
 
 accession of, 375. 
 
 address to, from Ireland, disagreement i 
 
 concerning, 199, 200. 
 appointments of, ecclesiastical, 177. 
 
 181, 186. 
 
 ■ , military, 53, 54. 
 
 audiences of, 153, 177. 
 birthday of, 178. 
 instructions from, 170, 302. 
 letter of, 208. 
 
 letters of, alluded to, 194, 208. 
 
 orders of, 200. 
 
 warrants of, 312, 380. 
 
 and the Scotch Dutch Brigade (in 
 
 1742), 383. 
 his campaign on the Bhine, 282-286. 
 Sir B. Walpole's relations with, 36, ! 
 
 37, 375. 
 rumoured death of, 38. 
 makesHenry Fox Secretary of State, 49. 
 and the Irish forces, 53, 54, 237. 
 his confidence in Prince Ferdinand, i 
 
 56, 57. 
 
 to speak against Germany an insult to. j 
 86. 
 
 and Irish affairs, 147-149, 153, 156,177, 
 
 197, 203-208, 223, 229, 236, 237. 
 and Sir Spencer Compton, 375, 376, ! 
 
 378, 379. 
 and Dodington, 150, 156. 
 relations of, with the Prince of Wales, 
 
 155, 157. 
 alone at the Opera House, 157. 
 in connexion with foreign affairs, 178. 
 is going to Hanover, 179, 182, 237. 
 and the Saxon treaty, 180. 
 has a right to the balance in the Irish 
 
 Treasury, 195, 206, 207. 
 Lord Kildare complains of the Duke 
 
 of Dorset to, 196, 197. 
 his " greatness of mind," 197. 
 and Mr. Clements, 213, 228, 229, 236. 
 is said to have "rumped" the Duke 
 
 of Dorset, 226. 
 receives the Elector of Mainz, 282. 
 and his daughter's marriage, 285, 286. 
 and the army in Germany, 302. 
 laments the loss of Minden, 311. 
 and Lord George Sackville, 313, 315- ' 
 
 317. 
 
 dismisses Lord George, 316. 
 death of, 57. 
 
 >rge III : 
 
 address to. movers of. 75. 
 commissions granted by, 76. 
 letters or orders of, alluded to. 76, 
 244. 
 
 levees of, 103, 105, 351. 
 paper to be shown only to, 384. 
 peers oreated by, 141. 
 recommendation to, 272. 
 requests to, alluded to. 76. 253, 269. 
 speech of (King's speech), 115. 
 and Ireland, 57, 58. 
 Pitt offers his resignation to, 87. 
 his dismissal of the Duke of Devon- 
 shire, 90. 
 
 and Lord G. Sackville, 58-60. 66, 77, 
 
 78, 83, 141. 
 his ministers (in 1764) have no hold on 
 
 his affections, 61. 
 Lord Bute's relations with, 62. 
 and the ministery of 1765, 64. 
 and America, 108. 
 
 the provision for his brothers, 111, 
 121. 
 
 dismisses Lord G. Sackville, 66, 67. 
 and Pitt (in 1766). 108. 
 
 , as Lord Chatham, 67, 123, 129. 
 
 and Lord Bockingham (in 1767), 68, 
 69. 
 
 views of, on military affairs, 124,245. 
 and the King of Denmark, 128. 
 and the Duke of Gloucester (1777), 
 344-355. 
 
 debts of. proposed bill for payment 
 of, 344. 
 
 intended visit of, to Oxford, 71. 
 
 the Speaker has insulted, 72. 
 
 present of horses to, from the King of 
 
 Spain, 833. 
 and Lord Shelburne's ministry (1782), 
 
 79. 
 
 and the death of Prince Octavius, 144. 
 has regained his authority, 145, 146. 
 looks on the army as his particular 
 
 department, 145. 
 and the ministry of William Pitt 
 
 (1784), 83. 
 is out of town, 84. 
 
 his relations with the Prince of Wales, 
 48, 146. 
 
 Lord Carmarthen's ingratitude to, 
 269. 
 
 Lord Buckinghamshire desires to see, 
 270. 
 
 Lord G. Germain's friendly offices 
 
 with, 278. 
 and Minorca, 373. 
 Household of : 
 
 Chamberlain. See Hertford, Earl 
 of. 
 
 Cofferer, 269. And see Stanley. 
 
 Lords and Grooms of the Bed- 
 chamber, 45, 46, 116, 351. 
 
 Master of the Horse. See Ancas- 
 ter, Duke of. 
 
 Pages of, 352. And see Eamus. 
 
 Treasurer. See Edgcumbe, Lord ; 
 Shelley, Mr. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 407 
 
 George, Prince of Wales, afterwards 
 George IV. 
 his relations with his father. See 
 
 George III. 
 has given a ball, 48. 
 his salary, 55. 
 Garter given to, 103. 
 a page of, 54. 
 
 and the Duke of Gloucester, 354. 
 George, Lake, in America, 370. 
 Germain : 
 
 Lady Betty, 38. 39, 52, 92, 152. 
 
 , letters of, 45, 155. 
 
 , letter to, 43. 
 
 , sends news to Lord Dorset, 156. 
 
 •, Swift's references to, 161-163. 
 
 — ■ — , leaves her estates to Lord George 
 Sackville, 130n. 
 
 , niece of. See Chambers, Miss. 
 
 Lord and Lady George. See Sackville. 
 
 Mr., schoolfellow of Richard Cumber- 
 land, 338. 
 German : 
 
 account, is closed, 111. 
 
 Prince, 180. 
 
 troops, in English pay, 303. 304, 
 370. 
 
 , at Minden, 321, 322. 
 
 Germany : 
 
 Quarter -Master General in, 86. 
 
 War of the Austrian succession in. 
 
 282 et seq. 
 Seven Years War in. See Seven Years 
 
 War. 
 
 the little respect shown to, after 
 
 George I's death, 86. 
 Lord Geo. Sackville made commander 
 of the British forces in, 53. 
 Germesheim, French lines near, 285. 
 Ghent : 
 
 English forceB about, 287, 288. 
 
 letter dated at, 288. 
 Gibbs, Sir Philip, letter from, 384. 
 Gibraltar, 279, 338. 
 
 letter dated at, 381 . 
 
 General Irwin in command at, 100, 
 105, 381. 
 
 Lord Cornwallis' proposed return to. 
 
 114. 
 relief of, 143. 
 
 Spanish negotiations concerning, 78, 
 
 327, 328, 330, 331, 338. 
 the new battery at, 325. 
 insufficiency of the garrison of, 381. 
 Gideon, Sampson [Mr. Pitt's Jew], 55. 
 
 son of , made a baronet, 55. 
 Gilbert [Bartholomew], at Maryborough, 
 222. 
 
 Gilchrist, Captain, of the 73rd Begiment, 
 
 death of, 361. 
 Gildo, a French village, 299. 
 Gingee, in the Carnatic, 360. 
 Gladwell. Mr., letter to, 48. 
 Glandore : 
 
 [JohnCrosbie], Earl of, 141. 
 
 , has lost his sister, 142. 
 
 [Diana Sackville] , Lady, ill with in- 
 fluenza, 142. 
 
 Glasgow, 276. 
 
 Glastonbury, co. Somerset, 15. 
 
 Duke of Monmouth's army at, 4. 
 Gloucester : 
 
 William Henry, Duke of, brother of 
 George III : 
 
 — ■ — , letters relating to his marriage, 
 debts. &c, 344-355. 
 
 , letters of, 346, 348, 349, 355. 
 
 , letter to, 349. 
 
 , his character, 344, 345. 
 
 ■, his impoverished state, 350. 
 
 , his efforts to obtain a reconcilia- 
 tion with the King, 345, 347, 350- 
 355 
 
 , illnesses of, 348, 350-352. 
 
 , his desire to serve his country, 
 
 347-349. 
 
 , son and daughter of, 347, 350, 
 
 351, 354. 
 
 — — . his correspondence with the 
 
 King, 354. 
 Maria, Duchess of, 347, 350, 351. 
 
 , letters of, 355 (2). 
 
 , father of. See Walpole, Sir 
 
 Edward. 
 Goddard, General, in India, 364. 
 
 his army, 362. 
 Godfrey; Sir Edmund Bury, his murder, 26. 
 Godolphin. Sidney, Earl of, Lord High 
 Treasurer, 33, 34. 
 description of, 378. 
 Goodenough, Richard, paymaster to Mon- 
 mouth's army, 23. 
 order signed by, 12. 
 was formerly under sheriff of London, 
 23. 
 
 Good Hope, Cape of : 
 
 intended expedition against, 364. 
 
 ■ , abandoned. 365. 
 
 French fleet at, 365. 
 
 Dutoh settlements of, 385. 
 Gordon riots, the, 334, 336. 
 Gore; 
 
 Frederick, 210, 221, 237. 
 
 [George] , Judge of Common Pleas, his 
 
 death, 188. 
 Harry, 196. 
 
 John, to be Solicitor-General for 
 
 Ireland, 205. 
 [William] Dean [of Cashel], 196. 
 Goree, West Africa, 356. 
 letter dated at, 356. 
 proposed expedition against, 384. 
 Gores, the, family of, 205. 
 
 the two, 199. 
 Gorlik, the King of Prussia at, 302. 
 Gormanstown, Lord (temp. Ed. IV), 234. 
 Gould, Charles, Judge Advocate, letters 
 
 of, 312, 317, 318. 
 Government or Administration: 
 
 in 1734, maxim of, is to sit still, 150. 
 
 alarm of, 156. 
 
 in 1753, accusing of putting all the 
 power in Ireland into the hands of 
 the Primate, 198. 
 in 1754, lack of a solid system of 
 administration, 233. 
 
408 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Government or Administration — cont. 
 in 1757, 51. 
 
 in 1764, want of union in, 01 
 in 1765, 62. 
 
 formation of, 101. 
 in 1766, formation of, 113. 
 
 changes in, 116. 
 in 1767 (Dec.), 125. 
 
 members of, all out of town, 125, 
 126. 
 
 action of, in regard to America, 
 127. 
 
 in 1769. See Lord Grafton, adminis- 
 tration of. 
 
 in 1770 [Lord North's], weakness of, 
 132. 
 
 in 1775, must either adopt strong 
 
 measures or resign, 135. 
 in 1779, prayed to settle something in 
 
 regard to Ireland, 254. 
 in 1780, negotiations of, with Spain, 
 
 328-341. 
 in 1781, changes in, 140. 
 in 1782, inactivity of, 77. 
 in 1782 (July), formation of. 79, 
 
 142. 
 
 in 1783 ( April), the coalition ministry, 
 143. 
 
 members of, 144. 
 hopeful prospects of, 145. 
 in 1783 (Dec), 80. 
 Gower : 
 
 [Granville] , 2nd Earl, 72, 113. 
 
 , and the Bedford party, 116. 
 
 , offers made to, 114, 116. 
 
 , wishes to be at Court, 117. 
 
 , the Duke of Grafton dines with, 
 
 125. 
 
 , is not inclined to opposition, 
 
 268. 
 
 Lady, a zealous friend to the Minis- 
 try, 268. 
 Gowran borough, 189. 
 Grafton : 
 
 [Henry Fitzroy] Duke of, his service 
 
 against the Duke of Monmouth, 5, 
 
 7, 9, 14. 
 
 , at Sedgemoor, 18. 
 
 , returns to London, 20. 
 
 — , — , his regiment of Guards, 7. 
 [Augustus Henry Fitzroy], Duke of. 
 
 Secretary of State, 62, 101. 
 
 , letter from, 68. 
 
 , letter to, 67. 
 
 , his resignation, 109, 111. 
 
 , First Lord of the Treasury, 113, 
 
 125,127. , 
 
 , his intercourse with Pitt, 123. 
 
 , and the negotiations in 1767, 68, 
 
 69, 71. 
 
 , his administration, 126, 129. 
 
 , as Lord Privy Seal, 138- 
 
 , meeting at his house, 78. 
 
 , his friends, 138. 
 
 Graham, Major- General, at Maestricht. 
 291. 
 
 sent to the Prince of Orange, 291, 
 292. 
 
 Granby [John Manners], Marquis of, 
 Lieut.-General in Germany, 303, 
 304. 
 
 at Minden, 312, 313. 
 
 commander in Germany, 313. 
 
 his speech on the Stamp Act, 107. 
 
 his dissipation, 124. 
 
 his death, 132. 
 
 aides-de-camp of, 305, 318. 
 
 his bishop, Dr. Ewer, 99. 
 Grant, Major-General, 139. 
 Grantham [Thomas Eobinson], Lord, 
 157. 
 
 dismissed [from the office of Post- 
 master] ,116. 
 Granville [John Carteret], Earl, 180. 
 
 letter from, 177. 
 
 President of the Council, 177w. 
 G rattan : 
 
 family, Swift's comments on their 
 
 influence in Ireland, 162. 
 
 relatives of, 162, 163, 166. 
 
 Henry, and Lord Charlemont, 262, 
 
 264. 
 
 , motion of, 268. 
 
 . resolution introduced by, 269. 
 
 Gray, Mr., sent to Hyder Ali, 368. 
 Great Seal, the, to be put into commission. 
 144. 
 
 Greeme, Col., 97. 
 Green, Mr., 279. 
 
 nephew of. See Patrickson. 
 Green Cloth, Board of, 168, 282. 
 Green Bibband [Order of St. Patrick], 
 the, 102. 
 
 Gregory, Sir William, Baron of Exchequer, 
 
 examinations before, 24 (2). 
 Grenada, 78. 
 Grenville : 
 
 George, 51, 53, 62, 88, 130. 
 
 . letter of, 71. 
 
 , speech of, 87. 
 
 , and Lord Bute, 92. 97, 126. 
 
 , First Lord of the Treasury, 93. 
 
 , his administration 92-100. 
 
 — — , his want of civility to Lord 
 Geo. Sackville, 94, 95. 
 
 , and the Archbishop of Armagh 
 
 (the Primate), 95, 96. 
 ■ — — , his charaoter and influence, 96. 
 
 , summons sent by, to his party, 
 
 99. 
 
 , abuse of , 101. 
 
 , reported union of, with Pitt, 
 
 103. 
 
 , his speeches on the Stamp Act, 
 
 104. 
 
 . Lord Temple's approval of, 104, 
 
 106. 
 
 , his civil speeches concerning 
 
 Lord Geo. Sackville, 106. 
 , his propositions concerning the 
 
 American Colonists. 107, 108. 
 
 , in opposition, 107-110, 115. 
 
 , his estrangement from Pitt, 
 
 108, 109, 113. 
 , his speech on the window tax, 
 
 110. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 409 
 
 Grenville, George — cont. 
 
 , interview of, with Pitt, 111. 
 
 , and the Bedford party, 117. 
 
 , friends of, 117, 122. 
 
 , promise of help by, 117. 
 
 , proposal of, concerning the 
 
 forces in America, 119. 
 
 , and the Land Tax, 120. 
 
 ■ , and the East India Company, 123. 
 
 , his financial ideas, 123. 
 
 , and the negotiations in 1767, 
 
 68-71. 
 
 , and Mr. McKenzies removal, 
 
 126. 
 
 , illness and death of, 131, 132. 
 
 — , Secretary of. See Whateley, 
 Thomas. 
 
 James (Jimmy; brother of George, 53. 
 Grenvilles, the, negotiations with, 78. 
 
 , hopes of their reconciliation with 
 
 Lord Chatham, 126. 
 Gressier, Mr.. 39-41. 
 
 family of, 39, 40. 
 Grey [Thomas]. Lord, with the Duke of 
 Monmouth, 17, 25. 26, 28. 
 reported to be killed, 2. 
 his flight and capture, 19, 21. 
 his confession, 27. 
 Grievances, insurrections for the redress 
 
 of, 22. 
 Grinstead, East, 138. 
 
 Lord G. Germain member for, 133//, 
 other members for. See Irwin, Sir 
 
 John, Medley, Mr. 
 election interest at, 46. 89, 90, 104. 
 Grizzen, blockade of, 322. 
 Grosvenor, Lady, and the Duke of Cum- 
 berland, 130. 
 Gruben, Lieut. -Col. C. de, at Minorca, 373. 
 Guadaloupe or Guardaloupe, Island of, 
 39, 55, 306. 
 conquerors, of, 56. 
 reduction of, 307. 
 "Gub," money received by, 283. 
 Guelderland, British troops in Holland 
 
 sent into. 382. 
 Guernsey, Governor of. See Lytfcleton, 
 
 Sir Kichard. 
 Guildford, co. Surrey, 22. 
 Gunning, Ensign, to be Lieutenant, 306. 
 Gunnings, the Miss, 180. 
 Guntoor Circar, in the Carnatic, 366, 367. 
 
 H 
 
 Haddam. See Hotham. 
 Haddick, General. 302. 
 Hagen, Lieut. -Colonel H. de, 373. 
 Hague, the, 286. 
 
 Princess Mary at, 30. 
 
 Lord Dorset at, 33. 
 
 letters dated at, 30, 36. 
 
 Haldimand, Major General [Frederick], 
 
 case of, 383. 
 Hales, Sir Thomas, of Canterbury, 45. 
 
 letter of, 222. 
 Halifax : 
 
 [Charles Montagu], Lord, letter of, 
 34. 
 
 [George Montagu] , Earl of, 58. 
 
 ■ , speech of, 181. 
 
 , as Secretary of State, 92, 95. 
 
 , " is the pillar of the State,'' 62. 
 
 Halkett. Colonel, regiment of, 380. 
 Hall, Mr., his house at Bradford, 8. 
 Halle, the French take and abandon, 308. 
 Halteren, in Miinster, 302. 
 Hamelin, in Brunswick, siege of, 310. 
 Hamilton : 
 
 Lord Archibald, 213. 
 
 Colonel, of the Scotoh Dutch Brigade, 
 383. 
 
 Sackville, appointment of, to succeed 
 Mr. Waite, 266. 
 Hamilton lace, 114. 
 Hammond, Mr., 55. 
 
 Hampden [Bobert Trevor, afterwards 
 Lord], 179. 
 has kissed hands [as Postmaster 
 General], 65. 
 Hampshire. 23. 
 
 Militia of, 3, 11. 
 Hampton or Hamden, Robert, butler to 
 
 the Duke of Monmouth, 23, 24. 
 Hampton Court "Pavillions," letters dated 
 
 at, 355 (2). 
 Hanau, French forces at, 305. 
 Hancock [John] , American patriot, alluded 
 to, 262. 
 
 Hanover, or the Electoral Dominions, 295, 
 
 307, 309, 310. 
 Electress of. See Sophia, Eleotress. 
 Electoral Prince of. See George. 
 Electoral Princess of, birth of her 
 
 son, 34. 
 Court of, 33 (2), 34. 
 Chancellerie de Guerre of. 307. 308. 
 House of, 240. 
 the King as Elector of, 284. 
 letter dated at, 34. 
 
 Princess Louisa to be married at, 285, 
 286. 
 
 the King's journey to. See George II. 
 inhabitants of, are to be pitied, 
 311. 
 Hanoverian : 
 
 artillery, 55. 
 
 service, officer in. See Hugo, Captain. 
 
 troops, 140, 282-284, 802. 
 
 , at Minden, 321. 322. 
 
 f popularity of, 289, 290. 
 
 Hantry or Hautry, 188. 
 Hanway's Voyages, 39. 
 Harcourt : 
 
 Simon, Viscounty Lord Lieutenant of 
 Ireland, 134, 244. 
 
 , his political friends, 264. 
 
 W., letter from, 75. 
 Hardenberg, Lieut.-General, 306. 
 
 his regiment, 822. 
 
410 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 JIardwicke : 
 
 [Philip Yorke], Lord, afterwards 1st 
 Earl of. 152. 
 
 , letter of, 175, 181. 
 
 , as Lord Chancellor, 235, 236. 
 
 [Philip Yorke], 2nd Earl of, 61, 132. 
 Harford, Mr., and Richard Cumberland's 
 
 daughter, 343. 
 Harpe, Mr., 10. 
 
 Harper, Lieut.-Colonel, in the Carnatic, 
 366, 367. 
 
 Harrington [William Stanhope] , Earl of, as 
 Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 182, 183, 199. 
 Harrogate, Lord Bute's visit to, 92, 93. 
 Harry, Sir, 88. 
 
 Hartington [William Cavendish], Marquis 
 
 of, letter of, 216. 
 Hartley, 78. 
 
 Hartnell, Lieutenant [William], 318. 
 Hartum, the Allied Army near, 321. 
 Harvey : 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel or Colonel Edward, 45. 
 322. 
 
 . as Quarter-Master in Germany, 
 
 86. 
 
 , as General, his knowledge of the 
 
 King's views, 124. 
 Mr., M.P., his maiden speech, 86. 
 Hastings, Warren, Governor-General in 
 India, 145, 362, 364. 
 his ability, 355. 
 the Nizam's appeal to, 367. 
 Hatton [Geo. Fitton], candidate for 
 
 Hythe, 118. 
 Havannah, news from, 88. 
 Haviland, Colonel, 45. 
 Havre-de-Grace, bombardment of, 56. 
 Hawke, Admiral Sir Edward, 56, 57. 
 
 head of the Admiralty, 116. 
 Hawkins : 
 
 Dr. [James], Bishop of Raphoe, 273. 
 W [illiam] , Ulster King-at-arms, letter 
 from, 78. 
 Hawley : 
 
 [Francis] , Captain of the Grenadier 
 company in the 1st Regiment of 
 Guards, (temp. Jas. II), 14. 
 
 ■ , his company, 7, H. 
 
 [Francis], Lord, 188. 
 Hay: 
 
 Lord Charles, in command before 
 
 Cherbourg, 494. 
 [George?], Mr., dismissal of, 101. 
 Hayes, Kent, Pitt's house at, 62, 88, 106, 
 125, 126. 
 sale of, 108. 
 Heathcote, Lieut. William, page to Lord 
 Chesterfield, 169. 
 brothers and sisters of, 169. 
 Hellinrouck or Hellenrect, head-quarters 
 
 at, letters dated from, 290 (2). 
 Helsham, Dr., Dean Swift's dinner with, 
 162. 
 
 Hemp and flax, suggestions concerning the 
 
 importing of, 387. 
 Henderson, Mr. , and Mrs. Siddons, 342. 
 Henry VII, and Ireland, 234, 235. 
 Henry VIII, and Ireland, 235. 
 
 Henry, Prince [of Prussia], in the Seven 
 Years' War, 54. 
 his sucoesscs, 304. 306. 
 Hepburn, Major [Robert], 306, 318. 
 Herbert : 
 
 Mr. [1731], his affairs in Ireland, 
 146, 147. 
 
 H[enry] A[rthur], of Muckross, 
 co. Kerry. 47, 48, 342. 
 
 , letter of. 48. 
 
 , and the Admiralty, 80-83. 
 
 , his boys, 48. 
 
 , his wife. See Elizabeth, below. 
 
 Elizabeth (Bess), daughter of Lord G. 
 Sackvillc, 47, 48, 142, 342. 
 
 , leaves her husband, 48. 
 
 Elizabeth (Bessy), daughter of the 
 above, 343. 
 Hermitage, the. near Cherbourg, 295. 
 Heron, Richard, afterwards Sir Richard, 
 Secretarv in Ireland, 244, 247, 248, 
 252, 261, 263, 267, 275. 
 character of, 244. 
 conduct of. objected to, 268, 270. 
 wishes to retire, 263, 266. 
 goes to England. 269. 
 his illness, 275, 276. 
 Herrenhausen, letter dated at, 34. 
 Herries, Sir Robert, plan of, 384. 
 Hertford [Francis Seymour Conway], Earl 
 of, 252. 
 
 suggested for Ireland, 99, 209. 
 as Viceroy, 106. 
 his return to England, 112. 
 as Chamberlain, 116. 
 and Lord Warwiok, 323. 
 Hervey : 
 
 [Amelia and Caroline] , sisters of the 
 
 2nd Earl of Bristol,* 38. 
 Lady Anne, daughter of the 1st Earl 
 
 of Bristol,* 38. 
 Augustus (afterwards 3rd Earl of 
 
 Bristol*), 38, 112. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Charles, 38. 
 Felton, 286. 
 
 Frederick (afterwards 4th Earl of 
 
 Bristol*), 38. 
 , as Bishop of Derry, letter of, 
 
 249. 
 
 William, brother of the 2nd Earl,* 38. 
 Hesse Darmstadt, Prince of, 322. 
 Hessians, in the Allied Armv, 282-284, 
 302, 304. 
 
 perform prodigies of valour, 304. 
 Hester, William, deposition of. 26. 
 Hewetson [Nicholas] , to be Archdeacon of 
 
 Killaloe, 188. 
 Hewitt, Serjeant, 106. 
 Hewling, young, 23. 
 
 Heywood, Colonel, with the Duke of Glou- 
 cester, 351. 
 
 Hichington, Rev. Peter, army chaplain, 
 212. 
 
 Hicks, Captain, aide-de-camp at Minden, 
 303. 
 
 Higham Park. co. Northampton, 48. 
 Highgate, Lord Mansfield's house at. See 
 Kenwood. 
 
 * Of the new creation. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 411 
 
 Highland regiments, sent to America, 104. 
 Hill, Arthur, 167. 
 
 and the case of Mr. Clements. 214, 
 
 215, 219, 229, 230. 
 Chancellor of the Exchequer in Ire- 
 land, 232. 
 
 Hille (Hill). Prince Ferdinand's quarters 
 
 at, 320, 331. 
 Hillsborough [Wills Hill], Earl of. 50, 
 130, 197. 254, 373. 
 Irish bill proposed by, 177. 
 speech of, 180. 
 
 made one of the Postmasters, 116. 
 Secretary of State, 263 (2), 276, 277,373. 
 and Cumberland's mission to Spain, 
 
 328, 334, 335, 337. 338. 
 Richard Cumberland's letters to, men- 
 tioned, 337, 340. 
 letter to, 373. 
 Hindon, co. Wilts, letter dated at, 20. 
 Hitcham, letter dated at, 223. 
 Hoadley, Dr. John, Archbishop of Armagh, 
 at Rathfarnham, 38. 
 his chaplain, 38. 
 Hobart : 
 
 Francis, of Taunton, J.P., 25. 26. 
 Lady Harriet, marriage of, 269 (2). 
 Holbourne, Admiral [Francis], 293. 
 Holdernesse [Robert D'Arcy], Earl of : 
 letters of, 56 (2). 176 (2), 178, 180, 
 200, 206. 306, 307. 311, 313, 315- 
 317. 
 
 letters to, 196, 198, 206, 302. 304- 
 
 309, 311, 314. 316, 317. 
 his marriage, 286. 
 is going to Holland, 176. 
 as Secretary of State, 51, 180, 197, 
 
 202, 204. 
 
 and Lord Gr. Sackville's Court -Martial, 
 
 312, 315-317. 
 as Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, 
 
 68 (2), 118. 
 and the Hythe election, 68, 118. 
 his death, 73. 
 Holland, Henry Fox, Earl of . 103. 
 attacked by the city, 129. 
 at Nice, 130. 
 
 his character of Mr. Tonwshend, 386. 
 Holland, 176. 303, 309, 310. 
 
 and the Duke of Monmouth's rebellion, 
 
 22-24, 382. 
 affairs in, 57. 
 
 ■ , on the death of the Prince of 
 
 Orange, 177, 178 
 army of. See Dutch army. 
 Council of State in, 382. 
 and England, 325. 
 and Spain, 327. 
 
 English regiment from, 10, 11, 21. 
 
 troops serving in, 381, 382. 
 
 Pensionary of. See Fagel. 
 
 Scotch Brigade in service of. See 
 
 Scotch Dutch Brigade. 
 States General of, ships of, 75. 
 ■ , embassy sent by, to Scotland. 
 
 381. 
 
 , oath or capitulation to, 382. 
 
 Province of, troops of, 382. 
 
 Hollaway, James, of Bristol, 22. 
 Hollins, Dr. , 150. 
 
 Holmes, Colonel, with the Duke of Mon- 
 mouth, 19. 
 Holt [Sir John] , Lord Chief Justice. 235. 
 Holyhead, 214. 215. 
 
 Homette fort, near Cherbourg, 293, 295. 
 Honeywood. General [Sir Philip], 283. 
 285. 286. 
 
 Hooke, Mr., chaplain to Monmouth, 22. 
 Hooper. George, witness, 22. 
 Hopkins [Richard], M.P., 138. 
 Hore, ■ — , his pension, 188. 
 Horne, Colonel, in India, 368. 
 
 captured at sea, 369. 
 Hotham : 
 
 Lieut. -Colonel [Charles], 53. 301. 
 
 , as Adjutant-General, 313 (?), 
 
 318. 
 
 Dr. John, letters of, 245. 248, 254. 
 
 259, 261, 263, 272, 277-279. 
 . his account of the state of 
 
 Ireland. 248. 
 
 , as Bishop of Ossory, 259, 261. 
 
 , translated to Clogher, 272??, 
 
 279. 
 
 , his see. palace, &c, description 
 
 of. 279. 
 Commodore [William], 139. 
 Howard. Sir George, Governor of Minorca. 
 110. 
 
 Governor of Chelsea Hospital, 110. 
 Howe : 
 
 [Emanuel Scrope], minister at Han- 
 over, 34. 
 
 Commodore Richard, afterwards Lord, 
 79. 
 
 , at Cherbourg and St. Malo, 293- 
 
 300. 
 
 , Treasurer of the Navy, 101. 
 
 , resignation of, 112. 
 
 ■ , his relief of Gibraltar, 143. 
 
 General Sir William, movements of. 
 139. 
 
 ■ , his troops, 371. 
 
 Howes, the (Commodore and General). 
 371. 
 
 Howlett's, letter dated at, 222. 
 Howse, George, letter of, 271. 
 
 marriage of, 270. 
 Howth : 
 
 the Duke of Devonshire's drinking at. 
 
 167. 
 the hill of. 270. 
 Hucker, Captain, of Taunton, his supposed 
 
 betrayal of the Duke of Monmouth. 
 " 27, 28. 
 
 his ownership of Athelney Farm, 28. 
 Hudibras, allusion to, 241. 
 Hudiman. Mr., midshipman, captured by 
 
 the French, 370. 
 Hudson [Thomas] , the portrait painter, 
 
 175. 
 
 Hughes, Admiral Sir Edward, in India, 
 363, 364. 
 
 actions of, with the French, 368 (2), 
 369. 
 
 his fleet, 323, 369. 
 
412 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Hugo, Captain, aide-de-oaLnp to Lord G 
 Sackville, 45, 84, 318. 
 
 letter to, 44. 
 Humberstone, Colonel, in India, 368. 
 Hume, David, 61. 
 Humphrey, Mrs., 234. 
 Hungary, Queen of [Maria Teresa], 284. 
 
 her Hussars, 287. 
 Hunter, Intendant-General, 57, 303, 308. 
 Huntingdon [ Francis Hastings], Earl of 
 letter of, 209. 
 
 his brother-in-law. See Rawdon, Lord. 
 Huntingdon races, 62. 
 Hussey : 
 
 [Richard], 115. 
 
 , may succeed Norton asSolioitor- 
 
 General, 101. 
 Mr. or Father Thomas, chaplain to 
 
 Spanish Princes, 323. 
 — ' — , his mission to Spain, 323-340. 
 , letters from, 329, 331, 337, 
 
 343 (2). 
 
 , letters to, 329, 338. 
 
 , praised by Lord G. Germain, 
 
 325. 
 
 , at the Portsmouth dookyard, 
 
 332. 
 
 , treatment of, by the Spanish 
 
 Court, 337. 
 
 , repairs to England, 337. 
 
 , expenses of, 338. 
 
 , at Cumberland's play. 342. 
 
 — , and Lord Petre, 343, 344. 
 Hutchinson : 
 
 John Hely, Provost of Trin. Coll.. 
 
 Dublin, 262, 276. 
 , not satisfied with Lord North's 
 
 Resolutions, 264. 
 , has done much mischief at Cork, 
 
 265. 
 
 , is impracticable, 267. 
 
 , his seoret machinations, 275. 
 
 [Thomas] , Governor of Boston, 126, 
 135. 
 
 Hutton, Mr., announces the death of his 
 
 wife, 73. 
 Hyde: 
 
 [Thomas] , Lord, 273. 
 Lieutenant William, letter of, 319. 
 Hyder Ali < or Ally) Cawn : 
 
 his invasion of the Carnatic, 357-359, 
 363, 364, 368. 
 
 , causes of, 365-368. 
 
 fear of his joining with the French, 
 
 356, 363. 
 French in his service, 359. 
 his defeat of the English near Con- 
 
 jeveram. 859, 364, 365. 
 his ambassador at Delhi, 362. 
 takes Arcot, 364, 368. 
 his alliance with the Mahrattas. 367. 
 English prisoners of, 368. 
 — — . given up to by the French, 369. 
 his son. See Tippoo Sahib. 
 Hythe, borough of, 67, 68, 133. 
 
 and Lord G. Sackville, 103, 118, 
 124. 
 
 election of Mayor at, 118. 
 
 I 
 
 Ickworth, co. Suffolk, 38. 
 Ightham, co. Kent, 46. 
 Ildefonso. See St. Ildefonso. 
 Ilfracombe or Ilfordcombe, co. Devon, 
 Duke of Monmouth's followers at. 19, 22. 
 Imhoff, General, 305, 310. 
 Imperial : 
 
 ambassador. See Kaunitz. 
 city, 322. 
 
 Court. See Vienna, Court of. 
 Indemnity, Bill of, 115. 
 
 former Acts of, 116. 
 India or East Indies : 
 
 Governor General of. See Hastings. 
 Commander in. See Fletcher, Sir 
 
 Robert. 
 Dutch factories in, 368. 
 English power in, endangered, 362. 
 , troops in or sent to, 206. 211, 
 
 356, 358-368. 
 fleet or ships about, 363. And see 
 
 India Company, below. 
 the French in, 78, 368. 
 General Munro's operations in, 357- 
 
 361. 
 
 Grand Mogul of. See Mogul, the 
 Great. 
 
 Hyder Ali's proceedings in. See 
 
 Hyder Ali. 
 Lascars in, 361. 
 loans raised in, 362. 
 Lords Commissioners for Affairs of, 
 
 narrative sent to, 369. 
 Mahrattas of. See Mahrattas. 
 news from, 52, 110. 
 papers relating to, 355-370. 
 Seapoy troops in, 358-361, 364, 365. 
 Supreme Council of. See Bengal, 
 trade with, 150. 
 Treasury of, 362. 
 treaties with the Prinoes of, 122. 
 Warren Hastings' proceedings in. See 
 
 Hastings. 
 India Bill, Fox's, 145. 
 
 Committee of enquiry concerning, 145. 
 India or East India Company : 
 
 affairs of, deplorable state of. 357. 
 
 Beckford's attacks on. 122, 123. 
 
 Bill for regulating the dividends of. 
 
 124. 
 
 charters and claims of, 122. 
 civil servants of, at Madras, unpaid, 
 368. 
 
 Committee for affairs of. 121-123. 
 Directors of, 121, 122. 
 
 . Secret Committee of, 356. 
 
 , commodities sold by, 357. 
 
 express from, captured, 364. 
 General Court of, 117, 121-123, 363. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 413 
 
 India or East India Company — cont. 
 
 " John Company , " a liberal master, 
 
 infamously served," 361. 
 powers conferred by. 366. 
 revenues of, 110, 117, 122. 
 servants of, loan for. 362. 
 ships of. 363, 365. 370. 
 stocks, 123. 
 successes of, 145. 
 and the Tea trade, 381. 
 in treaty with the Government. 117- 
 124. 
 
 troops of, 358-370, passim. 
 Indians, North American, 371. 
 Indies, the West, 77. 372. 
 
 the French in, 78, 95, 139. 
 
 beef in, 356. 
 
 islands of, interests of, 111. 
 
 mutiny in, 231. 
 
 sugars from, 281. 
 
 great events at issue in, 337. 
 Invalides, company of, 188. 
 Ipres. See Ypres. 
 Ireland : 
 
 Admiralty, Judge of, 234. 
 
 affairs of, letters on, 183, 184, 186, 
 235, and 146-282, passim. 
 
 arrears in, 251. 
 
 assizes in, have passed quietly, 225. 
 associations or armed societies in, 253, 
 255, 257. 
 
 Attorney-General of, 234 ; and see 
 
 Jocelyn, Robert; Flood, Warden ; 
 
 Tisdall, Philip ; Scott, John. 
 
 , proposed appointment of, 205. 
 
 bankers of, the country gentlemen 
 
 subject to, 193. 
 barracks in, 172, 203. 
 
 , proposed building of, 147. 
 
 , inquiry concerning, 182. 
 
 , register of, 217. 
 
 Bishops in, promotion of, 148, 163, 
 
 202. And see under their names. 
 
 , Englishmen, 202. 
 
 , longevity of, 245. 
 
 , and the repeal of the Test Act, 
 
 267. 
 
 Bishoprics of, debris of, 163. 
 — i — , changes in, 254. 
 Chancery, Court of, application to, 234. 
 Church of, declaration in favour of, 
 268. 
 
 , fear of the disestablishment of, 
 
 268. 
 
 Church preferment in, 148. 
 
 coinage in, state of, and proposals 
 
 concerning, 166, 167, 170-175. 
 Commander-in-Chief in, pay of, 136. 
 
 And see Irwin, Sir John ; Burgoyne, 
 
 General. 
 
 commerce of, loosening of the em- 
 bargoes on, desired, 255, 258. 
 
 commercial indulgence to, granted by 
 Lord North, 263-265. 
 
 commercial regulations in, business 
 of, 269. 
 
 commercial restrictions, evils asorib^d 
 to, 266. 
 
 Ireland — cont. 
 
 Commissioner of Revenue, a First, 
 
 needed, 253. 
 Commissioners of Customs, 217. 
 
 , Solicitor to, 217. 
 
 Commissioners of Prizes, 234. 
 Commissioners of the Revenue in, 34, 
 
 113, 205, 207, 255. 
 Committee of Accounts in, 168. 
 Committee of Supply in, chairman of, 
 211 
 
 Court Martials in, 171, 215, 218, 237, 
 238. 
 
 , business of, carried on in a 
 
 slovenly manner, 245. 
 creation of peers in, 274, 275. 
 Custom House, places in, 191. 
 
 , cloth come from, seized. 217. 
 
 deaneries in, described, 164. 
 debt of, 168. 
 description of, 248, 260. 
 disaffected persons in, 200. 
 dissenters in, 268. And see Presby- 
 terians, 
 distress in, cause of, 266. 
 English inhabitants of, must share the 
 
 favours in, 165. 
 < — — cloth in, riots concerning, 217. 
 Episcopalians in, have "Benjamin's 
 
 mess," 250. 
 Exchequer in : 
 
 Chancellor of. See Hill, Arthur. 
 Chancellorship of, 185. 
 Chief Baron of. See Bowes, John. 
 Pells, the, in, 136. 
 forces, army or troops in, 127, 173, 
 
 174, 244. 
 
 , sent from, 127, 206. 
 
 , augmentation of pay for, 182, 
 
 205, 208, 237. 
 
 , chaplain for, 212. 
 
 , review of, for the year, 213. 
 
 , regimental or review returns of, 
 
 sent to England, 216, 223. 
 
 , numbers of, 237. 
 
 , proposal to send, to America, 
 
 243. 
 
 — — , should be recruited from Eng- 
 land, 245. 
 
 , desertions from, 245, 252. 277. 
 
 , matters relating to, 250, 252, 
 
 256, 257. 
 
 , raising of, 263, 268. 
 
 — — , expenditure for, 265. 
 
 , deficiencies in. 277. 
 
 the Four Courts in, 264. 
 
 Government of, or ' 1 the Castle," small 
 power of. 183. 
 
 , majority for, hoped for, 205, 
 
 225, 229-231, 254. 
 
 . need for firm measures by, 226- 
 
 228, 269. 
 
 ■ , must be supported by the Crown 
 
 and English ministry, 236. 
 
 , a turn in favour of, 238. 
 
 , military department of. 245. 
 
 , members or supporters of, loss 
 
 of, 246, 247. 
 
414 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Ireland, Government of —cont. 
 
 , cannot be oondueted on the old 
 
 system, 246. 
 
 , the late, 252. 
 
 , weakness of, 261. 
 
 , charge of, 265. 
 
 , must temporize, 270. 
 
 Governors and Governments of, re- 
 viewed, 183. 
 
 importation of sugars into, 281. 
 
 independent companies of. 255, 
 256. 
 
 invasion of, fear of, 266. 
 
 Judge Advocate, deputy of, knows 
 
 nothing of his business, 245. 
 Judges in. increase of salary for. 182. 
 
 185. 
 
 , opinion of (in 1693) concerning 
 
 the Irish parliament, 235. 
 King's Bench in, Court of, 211. 
 land in, retailing of, the bane of the 
 
 kingdom, 248. 
 Law Officers of the Crown in, 249. 
 licenses of absence from, "a most 
 
 noble portion of ," 216. 
 linen premiums in, 193. 
 livings in, 161-165. 
 Lord Chancellor of. See Newport, 
 
 Earl of. 
 
 Lord Chief Justices of. See Caulfeild, 
 
 St. George ; Singleton, Henry. 
 Lords Justices of : 
 (1735), 161. 
 
 (1751), 171, 172. And see 
 
 Stone, Dr., Archbishop of 
 
 Armagh. 
 (1753-4), 194, 196, 211, 230,232. 
 
 And see Stone, Dr.; Newport. 
 
 Lord; Bessborough, Lord. 
 
 ■, are "groaned,"' 209. 
 
 , letter of, 219. 
 
 , letters or orders of, alluded 
 
 to, 233. 
 
 , characters of, printed, 211. 
 
 , levee held by, 211. 
 
 , in relation to Mr. Clements. 
 
 214, 215, 218-224, 229. 
 , are on the best of terms 
 
 with each other, 238. 
 
 , interview with, 232. 
 
 , in relation to the barracks 
 
 and military matters, 237. 
 (1766), 113. 
 Lords Justices and Council, letters to. 
 57, 201. 
 
 , proceedings of, in relation to 
 
 the coinage. 172-175. 
 
 , proclamations of, alluded to. 
 
 174, 175. 
 
 , meeting of, 217. 
 
 , sheriff approved by, 222. 
 
 Lord Lieutenant or Viceroy of. See 
 Dorset, Devonshire, Bedford, North- 
 umberland, Dukes of ; Chesterfield, 
 Harrington, Hertford, Buckingham 
 shire, Carlisle, Temple, Northing- 
 ton, Earla of ; Townshend, Harcourt, 
 Lords. 
 
 I Ireland, Lord Lieutenant of — cont. 
 
 or Chief Governor, in former 
 
 times, held Parliaments at their 
 
 pleasure, 234. 
 , powers of, are restrained by 
 
 Poyning's Law, 234. 
 , Chief secretaries of. See Sack- 
 
 ville, Lord George ; Blaquiere, Sir 
 
 John ; Heron, Sir Richard ; Eden, 
 
 William. 
 
 and Council, rights of , 235. 
 
 manufacturers of, meetings of. 253. 
 Master of the Rolls. See Carter. 
 — — . proposed appointment of. 205. 
 middle parts of, the richest, 261. 
 military matters, discussed in Parlia- 
 ment, 168. 
 
 ■ , paper on, 281. 
 
 militia bill needed for, 257. 
 Ministers in, in opposition to the Lord 
 
 Lieutenant. See Servants of the 
 
 Crown, below., 
 money bills in. See Parliament of. 
 money sent from, 283. 
 Mutiny Act for, expiration of, 
 
 171. 
 
 musters in, absence from, 212. 
 
 , commissaries of, memorial of, 
 
 218. 
 
 natives of, not many great employments 
 
 fall to, 160. 
 newspapers in, violence of, 272, 274. 
 nobility and gentry of, their poverty 
 
 and patriotism, 249. 
 North of, inhabitants of, are puritanic 
 
 and republican, 260. 
 , rumours of warlike stores in, 
 
 274. 
 
 officials in, proposed declaration to be 
 
 signed by. 268. 
 Parliament of, 177 : 
 Bills in, 168 : 
 
 Money, the first. 168, 176, 
 183, 203. 
 
 , passing of , 183, 201. 
 
 Money or Loan, the second, 
 201-203. 
 
 . sent to England from, 
 
 57. 
 
 , preamble to, rejected, 
 
 204-207, 225, 242. 
 , pamphlet explaining, 
 
 to be written, 204. 
 Money and Supply, to be 
 
 passed, 204. 
 Money (of 1777), 249. 
 Money, and a short or six 
 
 months' Bill, 261. 
 Money (1779), 263. 
 Mutiny (1780). 270-272, 278. 
 Protestant dissenters and 
 
 Papists (1731 \ 147, 153. 
 Repeal of the Sacramental 
 
 Test (1780), 267. 
 Roman Catholic Relief, 250, 
 
 251. 
 Stamp, 249. 
 Sugar, 271. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 415 
 
 Ireland, Parliament of — cont. 
 
 Both Houses of, communications 
 between, 149. 
 
 — ' — , objections to, 152, 156. 
 
 , resolutious in,against inflam- 
 matory prints, 272. 
 
 Government party in, 193, 194, 
 199, 200. 
 
 , uneasiness of, 213, 225. 
 
 , weakness and defeat of, 
 
 261. 
 
 , victory of, 200, 269, 
 
 272. 
 
 jurisdiction of. in former times, 
 
 234,235. 
 Opposition or patriot party in, 
 
 113, 185, 203. 
 
 1 , triumph of, 168. 
 
 , discouragement of, 194,195, 
 
 272. 
 
 . defeat of, 200, 269, 
 
 272. 
 
 , members of the Govern- 
 ment joining with. See 
 Servants of the Crown, 
 below. 
 
 , defeat the Government, 204. 
 
 261. 
 
 , chiefs of, must natter each 
 
 other, 205. 
 — ■ — , their war against the 
 
 Administration of England, 
 
 222. 
 
 . are abusive, if they cannot 
 
 be able, 249. 
 — ■ — , demand of, for a six months' 
 
 Money Bill, complied with, 
 261. 
 
 , the English Opposition said 
 
 to be in correspondence with, 
 264. 
 
 — ' — , list of, sent to England. 
 267. 
 
 papers in relation to, 237. 
 seat in, desired, 238. 
 Speaker of. See Boyle, Henry ; 
 Ponsonby, John ; Pery, Ed- 
 mund Sexton, 
 sessions of : 
 
 1737, business of, nearly over. 
 168. 
 
 1751, proposal for prolong- 
 ing. 177. 
 1751-2. sessions of, 178. 
 
 1753, opening of, 198. 
 
 — ' — , address to the King, 
 198. 
 
 , violent opposition in. 
 
 201. And see Money Bills! 
 above. 
 
 1754. prorogation of, 206. 
 
 1767, opening of, 125. 
 
 1769, opening of, 130. 
 
 1777, opening of, Lord Buck- 
 inghamshire's speech at, 
 246 , 247. 
 
 1779, expected Opposition 
 proposals in, 264. 
 
 Ireland, Parliament of — cont. 
 sessions of — cont. 
 
 1780, meeting of, hopes of a 
 Government majority at, 
 268. 
 
 , Government amendment 
 
 carried in, 269. 
 
 , close of, 273. 
 
 , addresses to the Lord 
 
 Lieutenant, mentioned. 
 
 273, 274. 
 
 , speech to, 281. 
 
 1 , Government's success 
 
 in, appears miraculous, 
 
 294. 
 
 House of Lords, 147, 149. 
 
 — — , sham suit to be brought 
 
 into, 263. 
 , possible claim by. as a Court 
 
 of Appeal, 264. 
 
 , debate in, 264. 
 
 , Lord North's Resolutions 
 
 are passed in, 265. 
 
 business in, 267, 269. 
 
 House of Commons, 147, 281. 
 
 — ■ — journals of, 235. 
 
 , proceedings of, in 1692, 
 
 mentioned, 234. 
 — — , pitched battle in, 149. 
 , the question of the coinage 
 
 in, 167. 
 
 — ■ — , Speaker of. See Boyle, 
 Henry. 
 
 — ■ — , and the signifying of the 
 King's consent, 176, 182. 
 
 ■ and the affair of the Bar- 
 racks, 182. 
 
 , alleged confusion in, 
 
 189. 
 
 , action of, in the case of 
 
 Nevil Jones, 196, 203. 
 
 and Lord Kildare, 198, 
 
 199. 
 
 , opposition in, 201-203. 
 
 , adjournment of, 204. 
 
 is almost equally divided, 
 
 205. y 
 ■ , hopes of a Government 
 
 majority in, 205, 226. 229-231, 
 
 254. 
 
 ■ — — . ninety untried members in, 
 246. 
 
 — — , proceedings in (1777), 247. 
 
 . , desire in, for " unlimited 
 
 commerce, ' 258. 
 
 , the short money bill carried 
 
 in, 261. 
 
 , personal attack in, 262. 
 
 and Lord North's Resolu- 
 tions, 264, 265. 
 
 , list of, sent to England, 
 
 267. 
 
 , proposal in. to free Ireland 
 
 from control of the English 
 Parliament, 268. 
 
 , long sitting of, 269, 272. 
 
 , bills carried in, 271, 272. 
 
 , clerk of, 249. 
 
416 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Ireland — cont. 
 
 patriots or patriotism in, 215, 224, 
 
 255, 259. And see Parliament, 
 
 Opposition in, above. 
 pensions in, 188. 194. 
 people of. See Irish, the. 
 places and pensions in, "gather like 
 
 snowballs,'' 249. 
 ports of, project for opening. 251. 
 poundage and pell fees in, 266. 
 Presbyterians in, 250, 261. 
 Prime Serjeant of, 146. And see 
 
 Malone; Stannard ; Burgh, W. 
 
 Hussey. 
 
 privateers off the coast of, 270. 
 Privy Council of, 168, 172, 219, 244, 
 
 251,263,277. 
 , Lord North's Resolutions read 
 
 in. 264. 
 
 Protestants of, burdens of, 147. 
 recruits from, for English regiments, 
 245. 
 
 Regency in, 184. And see Lords 
 
 Justices, above. 
 Revenue of, 185. 
 
 , decrease in, 257, 266. 
 
 , no signs of its mending, 353. 
 
 , papers on, 235, 261, 265. 
 
 Roman Catholic olergy and people 
 
 of, 260. 
 
 , relief for, pleaded for, 250. 
 
 , Bill for relief of. See Parlia- 
 ment, above. 
 
 Secretary for. See Lord Lieutenant, 
 Chief Secretaries of, above. 
 
 Secretary's Office in, 219, 237. 
 
 Servants of the Crown in, in opposi- 
 tion to the Lord Lieutenant. 185, 
 194, 195, 198-208, 213, 225, 259, 
 265. And see Malone. 
 
 Solicitor General for. See Bowes, 
 John; Flood, Warden; Tisdall, 
 Philip ; Gore, John ; Carlton, Hugh. 
 
 . proposed appointment of, 205. 
 
 South-West of, is Catholic, ill-affected 
 and well-armed, 260. 
 
 stamp duties in, 266. 
 
 state of, paper on, 266. 
 
 State Paper Office, 218. 
 
 Surveyor of barracks in, 182. 
 
 Surveyor General of, 211, 234, 237. 
 
 trade in, bad state of, 258. 
 
 Treasury, the, 242. 
 
 , balance in, suggestions for the 
 
 use of, 195. 
 , , to be applied for reducing 
 
 the National Debt, 176, 183, 207, 208. 
 , Bills in relation to. See Parlia- 
 ment, Money bills in, above. 
 
 , power of, 193. 
 
 , state of, 178, 213. 
 
 — — , the enemy has retired into the 
 
 citadel of, 226. 
 . , alterations at, proposed, 208. 
 
 227, 228, 238, 246. And see 
 
 Clements, Nathaniel. 
 , must be under immediate control 
 
 of Government, 236. 
 
 Ireland — cont. 
 
 troops from Holland serving in (under 
 
 William III), 382. 
 turnpike roads in, debt upon, 195. 
 Union of. with England, hinted at, 
 
 251. 
 
 , the only way to secure peace, 
 
 264. 
 
 Vice-Roy of. See Lord Lieutenant, 
 
 above. 
 
 Vice-Treasurers for, 101, 102, 112, 
 136. And see Sackville, Lord G. , 
 Oswald, James ; Jenkinson, Charles ; 
 Flood, Henry. 
 
 , refusal of the post of, 127. 
 
 wool, combing and spinning of, 257, 
 258. 
 
 , smuggling of, from, 245. 
 
 trade, 192, 257. 
 
 the mob in, made uneasy, 106. 
 Lord Hertford's position iD 113. 
 fear of its becoming independent of 
 
 England, 152. 
 the Duke of Dorset well reoeived in, 
 
 177. 
 
 , sucoess of his government, 178 , 
 
 184. 
 
 , behaviour of the people, on his 
 
 departure, 184. 
 , " heats and animosities " against 
 
 his government, 198. 
 change of government in, 238. 
 sympathy with America in, 246. 
 French armament said to be levelled 
 
 against, 249. 
 the Papists and Presbyterians in, 
 
 must be conciliated, 250. 
 His Majesty's ministers prayed to 
 
 settle a plan in regard to, 254. 
 " passive resistance" in, 255. 
 requisitions for arms in, refused, 256. 
 is relieved of the charge of regiments 
 
 on foreign service, 256. 
 will soon be herisse de combatants, 
 
 257. 
 
 rumoured prospect of invasion, martial 
 
 spirit stirred up by, 258. 
 lawless state of, 260. 
 supplies to be voted from, for six 
 
 months only, 261. 
 violent talk or wild ideas in, 263, 275. 
 intrigues in, 265. 
 
 is not bound by British acts of Parlia- 
 ment, 270. 
 
 little awe in, of the Mother Country, 
 275. 
 
 bad news from, 323. 
 expected Spanish descent on, 324. 
 Dr. Franklin's emissaries in, 324. 
 dangerous condition of, 329. 
 Irish : 
 
 Acts of Parliament, needed to confirm 
 
 English ones, 270. 
 newspapers, 260. 
 
 patriots. See Ireland, patriots in. 
 peerage, asked for, 243. 
 people, description of, 248, 260. 
 , and Poynings' Law, 234. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 417 
 
 Irish — cont. 
 
 Propositions, the (of 1785), 48. 
 trade, extension of, 260. 
 troops, proposal to send to America, 
 243. 
 
 in Flanders, 286. 
 
 . suggested for Germany, 302. 
 
 Irwin or Irwine. Colonel or Lieut.-General 
 Sir John, 192. 
 
 .letters of, 43, 238 , 243 . 250. 
 
 252-254, 263. 268, 270. 381. 
 
 , letters to, from Lord Geo. Sack- 
 
 ville, 84-146. 296. 
 
 , paper by, 281 (?). 
 
 , describes the landing at Cher- 
 bourg. 296. 
 
 , at Court, 96. 
 
 , complaint against, 113. 
 
 ', as Commander in Chief in Ire- 
 land, 243, 244. 
 
 , allowances of, 253 (2). 
 
 •, his embarrassed circumstances, 
 
 253. 
 
 , resigns East Grinstead, 144. 
 
 ■, loses the government of London- 
 derry, 146. 
 
 . regiment of, 171, 172. 
 
 Mrs., his wife, 87, 88, 94, 117, 238. 
 Colonel, the late (father of Sir John), 
 and his widow, 238. 
 Isle worth (Theselworth), co. Middlesex, 
 22. 
 
 Italy, all quiet in, 52. 
 
 acquisition of. by the House of Bour- 
 bon, 150, 151. 
 Duke of Gloucester's visit to, 345. 
 
 J 
 
 Jackson, John, vicar of Santry, Dean 
 Swift's letters on behalf of, 163. 166. 
 children of, 163. 164, 166. 
 Jacobites at Oxford, 192. 
 Jamaica, 40, 328. 
 
 James I, his arbitrary notions, 115. 
 James II : 
 
 letters to, 1, 3, 4, 6, 10, 19, 20. 
 
 loyal feeling towards, 2. 
 
 proclamation of , posted at Frome, 13. 
 
 orders of, after the battle of Sedge- 
 moor, 21. 
 
 accused of poisoning his brother, 25. 
 
 purse of, at King Charles' command, 
 26. 
 
 sends for the British regiments in 
 Holland, 382. 
 
 officers in Holland refuse to serve, ibid. 
 James, Mr., of Ightham, 46. 
 Jan James, 39. 
 
 Jaye [John] , late President of the American 
 Congress, plenipotentiary to Spain, 330. 
 337. 
 
 Jebb, Dr., with the Duke of Gloucester, 
 350. 
 
 Jeffreys, Chief Justice, at Taunton, 24. 
 called a rogue, 26. 
 as Lord Chancellor, 28. 
 | e< Jemmy," rhyming letter to, 168. 
 Jenkinson [Hon. Charles], at the Admi- 
 ralty, 116. 
 Vice-Treasurer for Ireland, is to take 
 the Pells in Ireland, 136. 
 Jennings, Mr., letters of, in relation to the 
 
 Duke of Gloucester. 350, 353 (2). 
 Jersey, Lord [George Bussy Villiers] , 138 . 
 Jersey, French attempt upon, 75. 
 Jocelyn [Robert] (afterwards Lord New- 
 port, q.v., and Viscount Jocelyn), At- 
 torney-General in Ireland, 168, 174. 
 Jocelyne. his pension, 188. 
 Johanna, Island of. 365. 368. 
 
 letter dated from, 364. 
 John [Bull], loves fighting 131. 
 Johnson, Mr., Lieut.-Governor Murray's 
 
 secretary in Minorca. 371. 
 Johnston or Johnstone : 
 
 Commodore [George] , 331: 
 
 . expedition under, 364, 386. 
 
 , , abandoned, 365. 
 
 Sir John, in America. 371. 
 Major-General, 244 (2). 
 Jones : 
 
 Arthur Nevil, charges and proceedings 
 against, in relation to the barracks 
 in Ireland, 183, 196, 212, 233, 237. 
 
 — , his expulsion from Parliament, 
 
 203. 
 
 Captain, keeper of New Prison, 29. 
 Lieutenant, wounded, 299. 
 Judge Advocate of the Army, 307. And 
 
 see Gould, Charles. 
 Judges, opinions of, 374 (2). 
 
 salaries of, attaoked, 54. 
 Juries, packing of, James I. accused of, 26. 
 
 , of London, and Wilkes' trials, 
 
 92. 
 
 K 
 
 Kaunitz, Count, Imperial ambassador in 
 Spain, 340. 
 Cumberland's intimacy with, 336,341 . 
 father of, 340. 341. 
 Keen [? Edmund, Bishop of Chester] . said 
 to have refused the Primacy of Ireland, 
 99. 
 
 Keene, Mr., and Lord North. 273. 
 Keith, Major [Robert Murray], late aide-de- 
 camp to Lord G. Sackville, 313, 318. 
 Kemble, John, acts with his sister, Mrs. 
 
 Siddons, 342. 
 Kensington : 
 
 death of Queen Anne at, 35. 
 Prince of Orange at, 150. 
 
 21250 
 
 2D 
 
418 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Kent, election matters in, 124, 153, 155. 
 
 And see Dover, East Grinstead,Hythe. 
 Kenwood [Lord Mansfield's house at High- 
 gate], letters dated at, 53, 58. 
 Keppel : 
 
 Admiral [Augustus], 144. 
 
 , trial of, 74, 140. 
 
 as First Lord of the Admiralty, 
 
 resignation of, 79, 116. 
 
 [Frederick] , and the Primacy of Ire- 
 land, 100. 
 Kerry, county, sheriff for, 147. 
 Kew: 
 
 the King at, 352. 
 
 letter dated at, 56. 
 Kew Lane, letter dated at, 138. 
 Keynsham (Cansham), co. Somerset, 13. 
 Kid, John, knighted by Monmouth, 20. 
 Kilcullen Bridge, letter dated at, 261. 
 Kildare : 
 
 [James Fitzgerald] , Earl of. 193, 196, 
 
 205, 209. 
 
 , letters from and to, 187. 
 
 , his opposition to the Duke of 
 
 Dorset, 196-200. 
 
 , his memorial, 196, 198, 199. 
 
 , and the election at A thy, 214. 
 
 , report circulated by, 238. 
 
 Lady, death of, 269. 
 Kildare : 
 
 Bishop of. See Stone, Dr. ; Bobinson. 
 Dr. 
 
 burgess for. See Downes, Kobin ; 
 Aylmer, Sir F. 
 
 election at, 216. 
 Kilkenny : 
 
 Palace of. 277. 
 
 visit to, 216, 261. 
 Killaloe, archdeaconry of, 188. 
 
 Bishop of. See Bernard, Thomas. 
 Killarney, Lake of, 146. 
 Killicrankie, troops from Holland at [the 
 
 battle of], 382. 
 Killigrew : 
 
 Captain, 211, 216. 
 
 . his wife, 216. 
 
 Mr. , 39, 
 
 Kilmore, Bishop of (Dr. Hort), 161. 
 King, Mrs., a nurse, 35. 
 ' : King-fishers," 163. 
 King's Bench, causes in, 115. 
 King's County, assizes in, 225. 
 Kingsley, Colonel or General William, 
 notes by, 320-322. 
 
 wounded at Minden, 322. 
 
 his regiment. See Army. 
 Kingston [Evelyn Pierrepoint], Dake of, 
 39. 
 
 Kingston-on-Thames, Surrey, 22. 
 Kinnoul [Thomas Hay], Earl of, 102. 
 Kinross-shire, election for, 124. 
 Kinsale : 
 
 barrack of, 162, 163. 
 
 letters dated at, 43, 238. 
 Kintyre. See Cantyre. 
 Kirk, Lieut.-Col. [Percy], 14, 18, 19,20. 
 
 his battalion, 18. 
 Kirwan, one, a merchant, 234. 
 
 Kit Cat (Chit Kat) Club; 34. 
 
 Knapton [John Denny Vesey] , Lord, 222. 
 
 Knill, Mr., private secretary to Lord 
 
 Buckinghamshire, 245. 
 Knole, or Knole Park, co. Kent, 35, 42, 52. 
 letters dated at, 63, 65, 84, 85, 88-98. 
 
 100, 102, 103. 
 great ball at, 143. 
 Knowles, Mr., schoolmaster at Cavan, 161, 
 162. 
 
 Knox, William, under-secretary, letters of, 
 75, 78, 270. 
 his pension, 77. 
 Kynaston [Edward], M.P., 109. 
 
 L 
 
 Lace, for ruffles, 128. 
 
 Lackington, Mr. : 
 
 his lodging. 342. 
 his daughter, 343. 
 
 Lacy, William, letter from, 1. 
 
 La Gallette. near Cherbourg. 294, 295. 
 
 La Hague, Cape, 293. 
 
 Lahn, the river, French troops on, 302. 
 
 Laindee, a Mahratta Chief, 364. 
 
 Lally, M. Demotz de, a Frenchman direct- 
 ing Hyder Ali's ordnance, 359. 
 
 La Marr, Pierre, surgeon, 114. 
 
 Lambard, Lady, 113. 
 
 Lambart, Mr., collector at Navan, 237. 
 
 Landau, French entrenchments near, 284. 
 garrison of, 284, 285. 
 
 Land Tax. the, defeat of government on, 
 120. 
 
 Lane. See Fox-Lane. 
 Langmoor Stone. Sedgemoor, 27- 
 Langport, co. Somerset, Lord Churchill at. 
 4. 
 
 Largs, Ayrshire, Argyll's ships near, 1. 
 Latin, the allied troops talk to each other 
 
 in, 287. 
 La Touche, Madame, 39. 
 La Tour, near Yevay. 39. 
 Lauterburgh. the French lines at. 283, 
 
 285. 
 
 Lauzanne, in Switzerland, 40. 
 La we, Inspector, 196. 
 Le Blon, Daniel, merchant of Amsterdam, 
 23(2). 
 
 Leeward Islands, the, 139. 
 Legge [Henry], Chancellor of the Exche- 
 quer, 51. 
 
 Le Grand, Mr., George III.'s orders to, 
 
 351. 
 Leighlin : 
 
 bridge, bonfires at, 211. 
 
 diocese of, 212. And see Ferns. 
 Leighton: 
 
 Miss C, 48. 
 
 , sister of. See Corbett, Mrs. 
 
 Miss, 343. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 419 
 
 Leinater [William Eobert Fitzgerald] , 
 
 Duke of, his letter, 260. 
 and Mr. Conolly, 267. 
 his determined language in the House 
 
 of Lords, 269 
 his command of the Dublin Volunteers, 
 
 274. 
 
 his request for his brother, 276. 
 Leipzig, troops near, 302. 
 Leixlip, 196. 
 
 letters dated at. 173, 175. 212, 214, 
 221,223-226, 230. 231,238. 
 Leland, Dr., " the famous dissenting 
 
 minister.'' 216. 
 Lennox, Lord George, brother of the Duke 
 
 of Richmond. 45. 294. 
 Lennox and French, Dublin bankers, 238. 
 Le Sage, Mr., midshipman, captured by 
 
 the French, 370. 
 Lerte, English camp at, 302, 316. 
 Letter from the Elysian Fields, 44. 
 Letters, interception of, 200. 
 Levant, the, trade with, 150. 
 Levison, Dick, Baptist and Will, 180. 
 Lichfield, Bishop of [John Green]. 352. 
 
 See also Cornwallis, Hon. Frederick. 
 Liege, French at, 305. 
 Liegeois, regiment of, in Cherbourg, 294, 
 
 295. 
 Ligonier : 
 
 General Sir John, 39, 177, 286. 
 
 , his regiment's quarrel with the 
 
 Blues, 289. 
 
 . as Lord Ligonier, 54. 55. 
 
 , letters of, 53 (2), 56.' 
 
 , illness of, 55. 100. 
 
 , his brother-in-law. m See Mon- 
 te nquet. 
 
 Captain, 311. 
 Limerick [James Hamilton], Lord, 212. 
 Limerick, letter dated at, 230. 
 Lindsay : 
 
 Sergeant Alexander, letter to, 47. 
 
 Mr. , 53. And see Lyndsey. 
 Linsey, Col. G. W., in Minorca, 373. 
 Lingenhaim, Prince Ferdinand's head 
 
 quarters at, 306. 
 Lipstadt, allied forces at, 306. 308. 
 Lisbon, 370. 
 
 agent at. See Walpole, Robert. 
 
 Cardinal Patriarch of, 332. 
 
 court of, 323, 332. 
 
 Cumberland's description of, 332, 333. 
 
 earthquake of, alluded to, 333. 
 
 shops at, poorness of, 334. 
 Lisburne [Wilmot Vaughan], Earl of, 
 letter of, 74. 
 
 brother of. See Vaughan, Major- 
 General. 
 
 Lisnegar, county Cork, letter dated at, 243. 
 Litchfield [George Henry Lee] , Earl of, 181 . 
 as Chancellor of Cambridge University, 
 61. 
 
 Littleton : 
 
 or Lyttleton, Col. Sir Charles, letter 
 of, 27. 
 
 Capt. [Walter] , at Sedgemoor, 18. 
 , his troop, 17» 
 
 Liverpool : 
 
 Mayor of, letter to, 108. 
 
 merchant in, 201. 
 Lloyd : 
 
 Capt. Richard, 318. 
 
 Mr., 159. 
 Loftuses, the, 172. 
 Lomballe, French forces at, 299. 
 London : 
 
 Bishop of, suggestion of the Metho- 
 dists concerning, 385. 
 
 burning of, James II. accusdd of, 26. 
 capitulation " of Scotch Dutch troops 
 signed at, 382. 
 
 Court of. See Court, the. 
 
 defence of, to be looked to, 9. 
 
 "Livery" of, attacks Alderman Beck- 
 ford, 130. 
 
 Lord Mayor of (1775). See Wilkes, 
 John. 
 
 Duke of Monmouth's army intends to 
 
 march to, 5, 11, 23. 
 proposed rising in, 24. 
 London and Westminster, streets and 
 
 buildings in : 
 Albemarle Street, letter dated from, 
 
 80. 
 
 Arlington Street, letters dated from, 
 
 43, 177. 
 Bedford House, 125. 
 Berkeley Square, 48. 
 
 , letters dated from, 55 (2), 81. 
 
 Berners Street, letter dated from, 74. 
 Bond Street, Pitt's house in, 127. 
 Broad Sanctuary, Westminster, letter 
 
 dated at, 384.* 
 Carlton House, 62. 
 Cavendish Square, 40. 
 
 , letters dated from, 45, 46. 
 
 Change Alley, 88. 
 
 City Road, John Wesley's letter from, 
 384. 
 
 Cockpit, the, 130. 
 Downing Street, 77. 
 
 , letters dated from, 72, 75, 356. 
 
 Gloucester House, letter dated at, 355. 
 Grosvenor Square, letter dated from, 
 83. 
 
 Hay market Opera House, 157. 
 Hertford Street, letter dated from, 383. 
 Horse Guards, the, 318. 
 Kensington Gravel Pits, letter dated 
 
 at, 74. 
 Leicester House, 180. 
 Lincoln's Inn Fields Opera, 157. 
 Mount Street, letter dated from, 76. 
 Newcastle House, letters dated at, 53, 
 
 57, 177, 179, 181, 197. 
 Newgate, letter dated at, 373. 
 New Prison, keeper of, 29. 
 Pall Mall, letters dated from, 36, 47, 
 
 48, 59, 66, 86, 87, 91, 98, 99, 
 
 103, 105, 121, 125-127, 134, 137- 
 
 140, 143-145, 184, 235, 314-317, 
 
 344,345, 348, 349. 
 , Lord George Sackville's house 
 
 in, 42. 
 
 , Royal Hotel in, 324. 
 
420 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 London and Westminster, streets and 
 buildings in — cont. 
 Parliament Street, letters dated from, 
 68, 71. 
 
 Powis House, letters dated at, 175, 
 181. 
 
 Privv Garden, letters dated at. 317, 
 318. 
 
 Queen Anne Street, letter dated from, 
 327. 
 
 The Queen's House [Buckingham 
 
 House], 128. 
 Queen's Street, 175. 
 Ranelagh. visits to, 42, 47. 
 Eichmond Buildings, letters dated at, 
 
 329, 343 (2). 
 St. Al ban's Street, letter dated from. 
 
 342. 
 
 St. James's. 148. And see Court, 
 the. 
 
 ■ , letters dated at, 57, 75. 
 
 St. James's Palace, 128. 
 St. James's Square, letter dated from, 
 77. 
 
 St. James's Street, letters dated from, 
 
 43, 213. 
 Savile House, 56. 
 
 Soho, Portland Street in, letter dated 
 
 from, 324. 
 Soho Square, letter dated from, 78. 
 Spring Gardens, letter dated from. 325. 
 Tower, the, appointment to, 88. 
 
 , constable of. See Cornwallis. 
 
 , letter dated at. 384. 
 
 Vauxhall, visit to, 42. 
 Whitehall, 48. 
 
 , letters dated at, 36, 75-77, 163, 
 
 171, 176, 180. 306, 307. 311, 316, 
 317. 
 
 White's Club, 173. 
 London Evening Post. See Newspapers. 
 Londonderry, government of, 136. 146. 
 Loo, in Holland, 30. 
 
 letters dated at, 29, 31, 32. 
 Lord Steward. See Dorset, Lionel, Duke of. 
 Lords, House of: 
 
 American Committee of. 106, 107- 
 
 bills sent up to, 115, 182, 251. 
 
 business before, 55. 
 
 champions of liberty in, 115. 
 
 Irish propositions in, 48. 
 
 and the Royal prerogative, 115, 
 
 and American affairs, 120, 122. 
 
 is now the scene of action, 123. 
 
 division in, 138. 
 
 Pension bill in, 148. 
 
 business to be introduced in, 151. 
 
 debate in. on the Saxon treaty. 179, 
 180, 181. 
 
 Lorne [John Campbell] , Lord, Royal regi- 
 ment given to, 102. 
 Loughborough [Alexander Wedderburn] , 
 
 Lord, at Cumberland's play, 342. 
 Louisa, Princess, daughter of George II., 
 
 marriage of, 285, 286. 
 Low Countries, the : 
 
 French forces in, 305. 
 war in (temp. Eliz.), 381. 
 
 Lowendal, Comte de, 291. 
 Lowry [Galbraith] , of the Irish Parlia- 
 ment, 224. 
 
 Lowry-Corry, Armar, M.P. for Tyrone, 258. 
 
 is to marry Lady Harriet Hobart, 269. 
 Lucas : 
 
 the firebrand in Ireland, 106. 
 
 John, jun., deposition of, 25. 
 Lucknow, English officer at, 362. 
 Ludinchausen, letter dated at, 307. 
 Ludlow, Major-Gen., Edmund, said to be 
 
 with the Duke of Monmouth, 11. 
 Lumley, Richard, Lord [afterwards Earl 
 
 of Scirborough, q. v.], letter of, 22. 
 Lutterell, Col. Francis, 1. 
 
 letter of, 1. 
 Lyme Regis, co. Dorset, 2, 6, 23. 28. 
 
 Monmouth's landing at, 1, 24. 
 
 fatal quarrel at, 23. 
 Lyndsey, Captain, wounded, 296. 
 Lyons, Capt. John, letter of, 219. 
 Lyttleton : 
 
 Sir Charles. See Littleton. 
 
 [George]. Lord, 113, 115. 
 
 Sir Richard, governor of Guernsey, 110. 
 
 , address seconded by, 137. 
 
 M 
 
 M., J., memoranda by, 387 (2). 
 
 M , Lord, 30. 
 
 M h, Lady, 30. 
 
 MacAllister, Captain, 76. 
 
 Macarell, Mr., 219, 220, 227. 
 
 Macartney [George] , Earl of, Governor of 
 
 Madras, 369. 
 MacBean, Captain, 318. 
 McBride, Captain, capture by, 271, 
 MacDowail : 
 
 Alexander, letter of, 298. 
 
 , narrative by, 298. 
 
 Major, death of, 54. 
 Mackay, General, of the Scotch Dutch 
 
 Brigade, 382. 
 Mackenzie : 
 
 Captain, 28. 
 
 John Stuart, brother of Lord Bute, 
 113, 120. 
 
 , his removal, 109, 126. 
 
 MaoLean ; 
 
 Captain, 54. 
 
 Colonel, of the Scotch Dutch Brigade, 
 381. _ 
 
 , his regiment, 381, 382. 
 
 MacLeod : 
 
 [John Mackenzie] , Lord, in command 
 of the 73rd regiment in India, 359, 
 360. 
 
 Major, letter of, 74. 
 Macnamara, cause against, 323. 
 Madan, Captain, 487, 
 
INDEX. 
 
 421 
 
 Madras, 358, 360, 369, 370. 
 
 Governors of. See Pigot, Lord ; 
 
 Rumbold, Sir Thos. ; Whitehill, 
 
 Mr. ; Macartney, Lord. 
 Council of, 356. 357. 
 Government of, negotiates with the 
 
 Nizam's brother, 366, 367. 
 ill-rule at. 364. 
 
 necessities and distress of, 368, 369. 
 
 Treasury of, drained, 357, 368. 
 
 [St. Thomas'] Mount naar, 358. 
 Madras Road. French fleet in, 368. 
 Madrid : 
 
 Court of, or Court of Spain, 323-344 
 passim. 
 
 , Cumberland and Hussey at, 329, 
 
 334. 336-341, 314. 
 bull fight at, 336. 
 English fashions at, 338. 
 Gazette of, 143. 
 
 letters dated at. 329, 334, 336-341. 
 the Prado at, 338. 
 Maestricht : 
 
 Commandant of. See Aylva, Mons. 
 
 de. J 
 siege of, 290. 
 
 proposed capitulation of, 290, 291. 
 Mahon. See Port Mahon. 
 Mahrattas, the : 
 
 peace made with, 145, 369. 
 
 danger apprehended from, 362, 364. 
 
 alliance of, with Hyder Ali, 367. 
 Maidenhead, co. Berks, 13. 
 Maid servants, Pitt s taxing of, 48. 
 Maidstone, county election at, 124. 
 Main, the, French army on, 305. 
 Malbrook. the tune of. 343. 
 Malhorti, M.. at Minden, 312. 
 Malone [Anthony], of the Irish Parliament, 
 167. 
 
 Prime Serjeant, 193, 197, 205, 221. 
 his dismissal, 206. 
 
 his opposition to the Government, 201- 
 
 203. 
 death of, 246. 
 Malpas [George Cholmondeley] , Lord, 
 45. 
 
 Man, Isle of, 1, 200. 
 
 suggested purchase of, 195. 
 Manchester [George Montagu], Duke of, 
 
 ambassador to France, 84n, 144. 145. 
 Manchester merchants and the Irish wool 
 
 trade, 257. 
 Mandeville [George Montagu], Viscount, 
 afterwards Duke of Manchester, q.v., 52. 
 Manilla, investment of, 323. 
 Manley, Major of Brigade, 24. 
 
 his son, 24. 
 Mannheim, Court of, 303. 
 Mansell or Maunsell [Richard], of the 
 
 Irish Parliament, 193. 
 Mansfield [William Murray], Lord, 106. 
 
 letters from, 53, 58. 
 
 and the King's proclamation, 115. 
 
 his speech upon prerogative, ibid. 
 
 conversation with, 126. 
 
 votes requested for, 273. 
 Marines, colonelcy of, 75. 
 
 Marlborough : 
 
 [CharJes Spencer] , Duke of, letter of, 
 53. 
 
 , his command in Germany, 53. 
 
 , commands the first expedition 
 
 against Cherbourg, 292. 
 , at the attack on Cherbourg. 293, 
 
 295. 
 
 — -, death of, 53 (2). 
 
 [George Spencer], Duke of, has come 
 
 over to Pitt, 84. 
 [Sarah Churchill], Duchess of, 33. 
 Marlborough, co. Wilts, letter dated at, 3. 
 
 the King's forces at, 4, 5, 8. 
 Marmelong, near Madras. British forces 
 at, 361. 
 
 Marriages, Royal, the Duke of Gloucester 
 
 on, 347. 
 Martial, epigram from, 41. 
 Martin, Samuel, Treasury clerk, letter of, 
 307. 
 letter to, 308. 
 Mary, Princess of Orange, letters of, to 
 Lady Mary Forester, 29-32. 
 her maids, 31. 
 
 condoles on Lady Downing's death, 
 32. 
 
 her succession to the English throne, 
 346. 
 
 Maryborough, Queen's County: 
 
 barracks at, 209. 
 
 letters dated at, 209, 222. 
 
 riots at, 222. 
 Mason, Cornet, page to Lord Chesterfield, 
 169. 
 
 Massachusetts Bay, deputies from, 136. 
 Masserano, Prince, chaplain of, 323. 
 Masters, Mr., midshipman, captured by 
 
 the French 370. 
 Matignon, English forces near, 299. 
 Matthews : 
 
 Captain, said to be killed, 9. 
 
 a prisoner, 26. 
 Maunsell. See Mansell. 
 Maurice, Prince, of Nassau, army of, 381. 
 Maurice [Edward], recommended for 
 the bishopric of Ossory, 202. 
 
 appointed, 202ft. 
 Mauritius, the, 364. 
 
 account of, 384. 
 Maxwell : 
 
 Dr.. his son, 380. 
 
 Robert, 189, 192, 212. 
 
 , letters of, mentioned, 233. 
 
 Robert, M P., letter of, 380. 
 Mayence or Mainz. 282, 284. 
 
 Elector of, and George II., 282. 
 
 , resembles Lord Orford, ibid. 
 
 Mayne, William, 45. 
 Meadows, General, 364. 
 Meath, Bishop of : 
 
 [Wellbore Ellis], death of, 148. 
 
 [Henry Maule] . 179. 
 
 illness of, 181. 
 
 Bishopric of, 181. 
 Mechlin, battle near. See Reminant. 
 Mediterranean Sea, the, 370, 384. 
 
 fleet for, 325. 
 
422 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Medley [George], elected for East Grin- 
 stead, 144. 
 
 Mellifont, Cornet, 216. 
 
 Menin, the French near, 287, 288. 
 siege of, 288, 289. 
 
 Merion, county Dublin, the Irish Lord 
 Chancellor's house at, 210. 
 
 Merveldt, English camp near, 302. 
 
 Merydeth. Meredyth, Meredith: 
 Mr, 212. 
 
 Mr., voter at Cavan, 231. 
 
 Mr., report by, mentioned, 232, 237. 
 
 , retirement of, 247. 
 
 Miss, marriage of, 216. 
 Sir Eoger, 157. 
 
 Sir William, his letter to Liverpool. 109. 
 
 , resignation of, 116. 
 
 •, his motion on East India affairs , 
 
 122. 
 
 Methodists, the, and the threatened inva- 
 sion of England. 384. 
 Middlesex, Charles Sackville. Earl of, 92, 
 180. 
 letter to, 46. 
 
 and the borough of East Grinstead. 46, 
 153. 
 
 paper relating to his debts, 49. 
 the Prince of Wales pleased with, 152. 
 [? proposes to contest Queenborough, 
 201]. 
 
 becomes Duke of Dorset (q.v.), 47?i. 
 Middleton : 
 
 [George Brodrick], Viscount (Ireland), 
 238. 
 
 , as M.P. for New Shoreham, 
 
 mover of the address, 86. 
 Sir Hugh, 16. 
 Middlezoy (Middlesey), near Bridgewater, 
 
 16, 19. 
 Militia, the, . 
 
 Miltitz cavalry regiment, attacked, 305. 
 Milton : 
 
 [Joseph Darner], Lord, 42, 72. 
 
 , letter from, 72.. 
 
 , his Irish peerage, 39. 
 
 , son of. See Darner, George. 
 
 Lady Caroline (daughter of the Duke 
 of Dorset), wife of the above, 39, 92. 
 
 , letter of, 41. 
 
 . children of, 41, 42. 
 
 Milton Abbey, letters dated at, 41, 72. 
 Minden, 44. 
 
 taken by the French, 308-311. 
 Battle of, 313. 
 
 , papers relating to, 312-322. 
 
 , Lord Geo. Sackville at, 312-314, 
 
 319-321. 
 
 , witnesses present at, 318. 
 
 letters dated at, 312, 313. 
 Minorca, papers relating to, 370-373. 
 
 governor of, 110. See Mostyn and 
 
 Murray, Generals. 
 Lieut. -Governor of. See Murray, 
 
 General, and Draper, Sir William, 
 a living in. See Ciudadella. 
 places in. See Port Mahon and Fort 
 
 St. Philip, 
 ships of, 370. 
 
 Minorkeen laws, 371. 
 
 Mint, the, officers of, and the Irish coin- 
 age, 172. 
 Mitchell : 
 
 Mr., in Ireland. 219, 220, 227. 
 Mr., letters of, 384, 385. 
 Mocher, Lieut. -Colonel [Flower], 318. 
 Mogul, the Great, or King of Delhi [Shah 
 Alum], 110. 
 his General. See Nazuphe Cawn. 
 Molesworth [Richard], Viscount, 192, 
 209. 
 illness of, 212. 
 nephew of, 169. 
 regiment of. See Army. 
 ! Molrichstadt. in Franconia, success of the 
 Allies at, 304. 
 Monaghan, 212. 
 Mongeham, co. Kent, 43. 
 Monmouth, James Scott, Duke of : 
 
 his rebellion, papers relating to, 
 
 1-29. 
 manifesto of, 1. 
 orders of, as King, 3. 
 movements of, 9, 12-16. 
 said to "preach often," 11. 
 proclaimed King, 13, 28. 
 his flight and capture, 19- 1. 
 brought to London, 22. 
 statement by, 22. 
 and Captain Hucker, 27, 28. 
 plan of his march, 29. 
 British regiments in Holland sent over 
 
 to oppose, 382. 
 the Captain-Lieutenant of his com- 
 pany, 22. 
 
 Chaplains of. See Ferguson and 
 Hooke. 
 
 Major of. See Wade, Nathaniel, 
 followers of, sent to gaol, 2. 
 
 , coming from Holland with, 22- 
 
 24. 
 
 . executed, 24. 
 
 forces of (the rebels or the enemy), 
 
 4-21 passim. 
 
 , at Sddgemoor. See Sedgemoor. 
 
 , numbers slain, 21. 
 
 , paymaster to. See Goodenough, 
 
 Richard, 
 butler of. See Hampton, Robert, 
 servant of. See Wagstaffe, Moses, 
 his mother [Lucy Walters], 22. 
 his children, 22. 
 Monro. See Munro. 
 Monson ; 
 
 [John], Lord, resigns his office [of 
 
 Chief Justice in Eyre ?] , 116. 
 Mr., 191. 
 
 Montagu, Lady Betty, daughter of the 
 
 Duke of Montagu, her marriage, 121. 
 Montenquet, Mons. and his son, 39. 
 Montmorin, Monsieur, 341. 
 Moore or Moor : 
 
 Ensign Beresford, 211. 
 
 [Charles] Lord, is a good lad, 189. 
 
 Commodore [Sir John] , 56. 
 
 Sir William, in Minorca, 371. 
 Mootapillie, in the Carnatic, 366. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 423 
 
 Mordaunt : 
 
 - Lady (1686), 31. 
 
 [? Lieut. -Col. John], 53. 
 Captain, commands the body guard of 
 the Nabob of Oude, 362. 
 Moreton or Morton [John] > suggested as 
 
 Speaker, 96. 
 Morgan, Mr., Irish M P., 167. 
 Morlaix, English forces near, 299. 
 Morning Post, the. See Newspapers. 
 Mornington [Richard Wellesley] , Earl of, 
 
 going for England, 225. 
 Morpeth [Charles Howard], Lord, wed- 
 ding of, 31. 
 Morristown, General Washington at, 139. 
 Morton. See Moreton. 
 Mostyn, Col. John, 216. 
 letter from, 216. 
 as Major-General, 304. 
 as General, his vote on the Stamp Act, 
 108. 
 
 as Governor of Minorca, 371. 
 death of, 372. 
 
 secretary of. See Wright, James. 
 Mother Bank, the, Isle of Wight, 293. 
 Mount, the. See Madras, St. Thomas's 
 
 Mount near. 
 Mount Alexander [Thomas Montgomery], 
 
 Earl of, 188. 
 Mountmorres [Hervey Morres], Viscount. 
 
 134. 
 
 Muckross, county Kerry, 48, 142. 
 Mulcaster, — , to be ensign, 306. 
 Munchausen, Baron, 304. 
 
 memorial of, 308. 
 Munro. or Monro, General Sir Hector, in 
 India, 357. 
 his blunders in the field, 358-360, 363. 
 365, 
 
 complains that he has neither men, 
 money nor provisions, 361. 
 
 retreat of, 365. 
 
 towns taken by, 368. 
 Munster, in Germany, 85, 308-310. 
 
 letters dated at. 302-306. 
 
 abandoned to the French, 399. 
 Murray : 
 
 Sir James, 372. 
 
 Lieut.-General James, Lieut.-Gover- 
 nor, and afterwards Governor of 
 Minorca, letters from, 370-373. 
 
 , his defence of Fort St. Philip, 
 
 373. 
 
 , his secretary. See Johnson, Mr. 
 
 Lord John, letters of and to, 74. 
 
 -, regiment raised by, 74. 
 
 "the old bold," 180. 
 Sir Robert, 372. 
 (at Oxford), 192. 
 Mutiny Act, Irish gentlemen object to 
 
 execute, 270. 
 offences which may be tried under, 
 
 317. 
 
 Myhill, Miss, 210. 
 
 N 
 
 Naples and Sicily, and the House of 
 Bourbon, 150. And see Sicilies, the two. 
 Napton, Lord. See Knapton. 
 Nassau-Ensinghen, Prince of, 282. 
 National Debt, 235. 
 
 reduction of. See Ireland, Treasury 
 of, balance in. 
 Navan, magistrates and other officers of, 
 
 219, 222,237. 
 Navarrese breed of dogs, 338. 
 Navigation, Act of, American feeling 
 
 against, 119. 
 Navy : 
 
 debt, 151. 
 
 Treasurer of. See Howe, Lord. 
 Treasurership of, 51. 
 Nazuphe Cawn, General of the Great 
 
 Mogul, 362. 
 concludes a treaty with the Mahrattas, 
 
 364. 
 
 Neckerville. near Cherbourg, 294. 
 Needham, Pitt's nephew, 125. 
 Needles, the, Isle of Wight, 293. 
 Negapatam, attack upon, ordered, 364. 
 
 taken by the English, 368. 
 Neiperg. Marshal, Austrian General, 286. 
 Nesbitt, Mr., collector at Cayan, 237. 
 
 brother of, 237. 
 Nevil, Mr. See J ones. 
 Newbury, co. Berks, 13. 
 Newcastle : 
 
 [Thomas Pelham-Holles], Duke of, 
 letters of, 53, 57, 60, 163, 176, 
 177 (2), 179, 181, 197. 
 
 , letters to. 50, 61, 186, 187, 201, 
 
 204. 206, 232. 
 
 . [Secretary of State], 36, 148, 
 
 167, 176, 204, 208. 
 
 , answers the Duke of Bedford, 
 
 180. 
 
 [First Lord of the Treasury 
 
 (1754)], 237, 380. 
 , his proceedings in relation to 
 
 Clements, of the Dublin Treasury, 
 
 226-229, 236. 
 , discourse with, on Irish affairs, 
 
 235, 236. 
 
 , and Lord Geo. Sackville, 49, 50. 
 
 , his retirement (1756), 50. 
 
 . [First Lord of Treasury, in 
 
 Pitt's ministry], 45, 54, 302. 
 
 , has rejected Bute's terms, 89. 
 
 f out of office, 89, 91, 98. 
 
 [Privy Seal] , at his old tricks, 
 
 101. 
 
 1 his removal (in 1766), 113. 
 
 , and the negotiations of 1767, 
 
 70, 71. 
 
 ■, his illness, 126, 
 
 , and Pitt, 104. 
 
 . petition to, 380. 
 
 [Henry Fiennes Pelham Clinton], 
 
 Duke of, 77, 84. 
 Duchess of, 61. 
 
424 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 New Jersey Volunteers, 75. 
 New] and General Desgrangues' seat at, 
 221. 
 
 Newmarket, co. Cambridge, 283. 
 New Park, letter dated at, 37. 
 Newport [Robert Jocelyn], Lord. Lord 
 Chancellor of Ireland, 174, 184, 185, 
 187. 189, 190, 193, 197, 201, 203, 
 210, 214, 236. 
 letter from, 196 
 neglect of, 190. 
 his son's marriage, 190. 
 as Lord Justice, 198, 211, 221, 232. 
 his zealous support, 200. 
 says that Non progredi est regredi. 
 224. 
 
 marriage of, 233. 
 Newspapers : 
 
 Daily C our ant, 379. 
 Freeman's Journal (Dublin), 272. 
 London Evening Post, 134. 
 Morning Post, 323. 
 Universal Advertiser (Dublin), 211, 
 224. 
 
 And see Gazette, the. 
 Newton [? Thomas, Bishop of Bristol], 
 
 refuses the primacy of Ireland, 99. 
 New York : 
 
 petition from, 119. 
 
 the quartering of troops at, 122. 
 
 importance of, 135. 
 
 Committee at, 135. 
 
 during the Rebellion, 139. 
 Nice, Lord Holland goes to, 130. 
 Nicholson, Mrs., of Dublin, 233. 
 Nienbourg : 
 
 magazines at. 309. 
 
 saved by Prince Ferdinand, 310. 
 Nizam, the [Vice-roy of the Deccan]. 366, 
 367. 
 
 his brother. See Bassalut Jung. 
 Noailles, Due de, and his army, 285. 
 Norfolk merchants and the Irish wool 
 trade, 257. 
 
 Norris, Sir John, leads the English at 
 
 Rimenant, 381. 
 North [Frederick] , Lord, son of the Earl 
 of Guildford, 55, 117, 138, 272, 
 273. 355. 
 
 letters of, 75, 76, 77, 368. 
 
 letters to, 73, 77, 249. 
 
 offered a Vice-Treasurership in Ireland 
 (1766), 112. 
 
 suggested as Chancellor of the Ex- 
 chequer (Jan. 1767), 117. 
 
 and Rigby. 120. 
 
 and the Land Tax, 120. 
 
 as First Lord of the Treasury (1770;, 
 276, 277. 
 
 Barre's " picture " of, 137. 
 
 speech of (1775), 137. 
 
 in relation to the affairs of Ire- 
 land, 247. 251, 252, 254, 259, 263. 
 266, 275. 
 
 and the Duke of Gloucester (1777;, 
 347, 348. 
 
 made Warden of the Cinque Ports 
 (1778), 73?i. 
 
 North [Frederick], Lord — co>d. 
 
 Resolutions of, concerning Irish com- 
 merce (1779;, 263, 265. 
 
 his negotiations in relation to Spain 
 (1780), 326, 328 : 329, 331, 342. 
 
 his " interior cabinet," 266. 
 
 illness of, 75. 
 
 and Lord G. Germain, 76, 77, 133. 
 and the new Ministry (1782 1, 79. 
 courted by all parties, 143 
 and the coalition ministry (1783), 143. 
 Secretary of State, 144. 
 defeats the Reform Bill, 144. 
 called '-Boreas," 83. 
 Northampton : 
 
 [J ames Compton] , Earl of , his inheri- 
 tance from Lord Wilmington, 283. 
 
 , in Parliament. 181. 
 
 [Mary], Countess Dowager of, 32. 
 
 33(2). 35. 
 Countess of (1683), 374. 
 Northington [Robert Henley, 1st] Earl of, 
 
 Lord Chancellor, 95, 106. 108. 
 [Robert Henley, 2nd] Earl of, as Lord 
 
 Lieutenant of Ireland, 145. 
 -. as President of the Council, 
 
 113, 115, 120, 158. 
 Northleigh. Henry, 6. 
 Northumberland[HughSmithson or Percy], 
 
 Earl and Duke of, 113. 
 Viceroy of Ireland, 98. 
 Norton, Sir Fletcher, Solicitor-General, 58. 
 as Attorney-General, turned out of 
 
 office, 101. 
 speech of, concerning America, 105. 
 compliments on his conduct, 110- 
 attached to Grenville, 117. 
 votes against the Court, 120. 
 is said to have ' ' made his bargain, ' ' 122. 
 as Speaker, 72, 75. 
 created Lord Grantley, 141. 
 Nugent [Robert] , character of, 95. 
 at the Board of Trade, 116. 
 as Lord Clare. See Clare, 
 as Earl Nugent, 272. 
 
 
 
 Oates. Titus, called (; the saviour of the 
 
 nation, " 26. 
 Oberstadt. camp at, letter dated from, 309. 
 O'Brien (Obryen) : 
 
 Sir Lucius, 260. 
 
 Mr., 194. 
 
 [Percy Wyndham ?], and the Taunton 
 election, 380. 
 O'Connor, Roderick, King of Munster. 241. 
 Octavius, Prince, death of, 144. 
 Oeyras, Count d', 333. 
 i Oglethorp, Col. [Theophilus], in command 
 against the Duke of Monmouth, 4, 8.9. 
 I 10, 13, 15-19. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 425 
 
 O'Hara, Sir Charles, at Port St. Mary's, 
 374. 
 
 Olivar, Mr., a clergyman, 371 (2). 
 Oliver : 
 
 Dr., advice in verse by, 386. 
 
 a surgeon with Monmouth, 23. 
 O'Neill, Mr., 193. 
 O'Nokes, John, allusion to, 240. 
 Onslow, Arthur, Speaker of the House of 
 
 Commons, 44. 
 Opera houses, rival, 179. 
 Orange : 
 
 [William the Silent], Prince of, 381. 
 [William III., aftenoards King of 
 
 England] , Princa of, 382. 
 [Charles Henry], Prince of, at Bath, 
 
 150. 
 
 , his illness, 150. 
 
 , officer sent to, for instructions, 
 
 291, 292. 
 
 , his sudden death, 176, 177. 
 
 [William IV.], the young Prince of, 
 
 177, 178. 
 
 [Mary], Princess of (Princess Royal 
 of England), as gouvernante for her 
 son, 177, 178. 
 
 [William V.] , Prince of, solicits per- 
 mission to recruit in Scotland, 383. 
 Ordnance : 
 
 Lieut.-General of. See Sackville, 
 Lord G-. ; Richmond, Lord. 
 
 Master-General of, post of, 54, 55, 56. 
 
 Board, 55. 
 
 Orford [Sir Robert Walpole], Earl of, 
 letter from, 37. 
 the Elector of Mainz ' ; not unlike, '282. 
 Orleans, Duke of, and his marriage, 347. 
 Ormond [James Butler] , Duke of, com- 
 mander of the expedition to Spain. 
 374 (2). 
 
 Orp, Colonel, at Sedgemoor, 17. 
 
 Osnaburgh, magazines at, 309, 310, 311. 
 abandoned to the French, 86, 309. 
 
 Ossory [Thomas Butler], Earl of , Colonel- 
 General of British troops in Holland. 
 382. 
 
 Ossory : 
 
 Bishop of. See Cox, Michael; Maurice, 
 Edward ; Hotham, John. 
 
 diocese of, 261, 
 Ossuna, Due d', 336. 
 Ostend : 
 
 letters dated at, 286. 
 
 packet, 325. 
 
 Road, 286. 
 Oswald [James] , Vice Treasurer for Ire- 
 land, 112. 
 
 his resignation, 125. 
 
 his son, 125. 
 Otway, Lieut.-Colonel, 52. 
 
 his regiment. See Army. 
 Oude, Nabob of [Asaph ul Dowlah], 362. 
 
 commander of his body-guard. See 
 Mordaunt, Captain. 
 Oudenarde, troops near. 287-289. 
 Oughton, Col. [James Adolphus], 318. 
 Oxenden, Sir George, Bart., M.P. for 
 Sandwich, 153, 157. 
 
 Oxford, [Aubrey de Vere] , Earl of, Colonel 
 of the Royal Regiment of Horses 
 and his troops, 13, 17, 18, 21. 
 officers of. See Selby, Winde, Corn- 
 wall. 
 Oxford, 48. 
 
 Bishop of [Edward Smallwell] . death 
 of, 31. 
 
 Christ Church College at, 192. 
 George's III.'s proposed visit to, 71. 
 Jacobites of, 192. 
 Oxfordshire troops or militia, 11, 15. 
 
 P 
 
 P. O. [? George Dodington], letter from, 
 375. 
 
 Paderborn, French troops in, 307. 
 Pakenham. Mr., of the Irish Parliament, 
 199. 
 
 Palatinate, the, looked on by the troops 
 
 as an enemy's country, 285. 
 Palliser, Sir Hugh, observations in favour 
 
 of, 74. 
 Palmer, Mr., actor, 342. 
 Papists in Ireland, compared with the 
 
 Presbyterians, 250. 
 Paragon, Lady. See Siddons, Mrs. 
 Paris, 47, 127, 216, 208, 325. 
 advices from, 72. 
 English Embassy at, 133. 
 preliminaries of treaty expected from, 
 
 292. 
 surgeon at, 114. 
 Treaty of , 356. 
 Parker, Captain, his services against the 
 
 Duke of Monmouth, 9, 13, 14, 17. 
 Parkgate : 
 
 arrivals and departures from, 175, 
 
 210, 215, 216, 232. 
 Custom officers at, 175. 
 Parliament, the, of England: 
 
 Acts of, or bills in, 119, 155. And 
 see Exclusion ; Indemnity; Mutiny; 
 Navigation; Pension; Place; Priva- 
 teers ; Qualification ; Regency ; 
 Roman Catholic Relief. 
 
 , Ireland not bound by, 270. 
 
 efforts to free Ireland from control 
 
 of, 268. 270. 
 of Queen Anne, 33. 
 rising of, 34. 
 
 meeting of, on the Queen's death, 
 35. 
 
 of George I, Act of, in favour of the 
 
 Scotch Dutch Brigade, 383. 
 of George II. 
 
 (1734) elections for, 151, 153. 
 
 expected composition of, 151. 
 
 opposition in, 155. 
 
426 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Parliament — cont. 
 
 of George II. — cont. 
 
 (1751-2) quiet session of, 178. 
 
 Speaker of, 178, 
 
 prorogation of, 182. 
 
 (1755) meeting of, 49. 
 of George III. 
 
 (1761) debate upon the address. 
 86. 
 
 (1762) spirited opposition ex- 
 pected in, 89. 
 
 King's speech to, mentioned, 
 
 80. 
 
 (1765) meeting of, 99. 
 
 (1766) meeting and temper of, 
 103, 104. 
 
 debates in, on the Stamp 
 
 Act, 104-107. 
 
 end of the session. 111. 
 
 ■ application to, for the 
 
 Royal family. 111. 
 Committee of Supply in, 
 
 111. 
 
 and grants for the Royal 
 
 family, LH, 112. 
 
 (1767) delates in, concerning the 
 prerogative, 115. 
 
 allusions in, to Pitt, as the 
 
 invisible minister, 119. 
 high position of Wedder- 
 
 burn in, 120. 
 the Opposition in, different 
 
 parties composing, 121. 
 
 session of, end of, 123. 
 
 — ■ — and the East India Company, 
 
 121-124. 
 (1770) meeting of, 130. 
 (1774) moving of the Address 
 
 in, 134. 
 
 (1779) alarm in, concerning Ire- 
 land, 255. 
 
 Opposition in, said to be in 
 
 correspondence with the Irish 
 Opposition, 264. 
 
 (1782) prorogation of, 143. 
 
 (1783) project of reform of the 
 representation in, 144. 
 
 , , rejected, 144. 
 
 , autumn session of, pro- 
 ceedings in, 145. 
 
 (1784) is devoted to the King and 
 Ministry, 146. 
 
 seat in, offer to purchase, 243. 
 Paschall, Rev. Andrew, letter of, 27. 
 
 plan of Sedgemoor by. 28. 
 Paterson [Marcus], Lord Chief Justice of 
 
 Common Pleas in Ireland, 270. 
 Patrickson, Mr., 279. 
 Paxton, Charles, Commissioner at Boston, 
 126. 
 
 Peace, a minister making, usually forfeits 
 
 his credit with the people, 131. 
 Pearce, Major or Lieut. -Colonel, 171, 172. 
 Peckham, cricket match at, 48. 
 Pegnam, Mrs., of Pegnam, 233. 
 Peirson, Major, killed, 75. 
 
 Pelham, Right Hon. Homy, First Lord of 
 the Treasury : 
 letters from, 175, 176, 178 (2), 182, 
 208. 
 
 letters to, 176, 184, 202, 203, 204. 
 and the Bishop of Down, 179. 
 and the Saxon treaty, 180-182. 
 the Irish opposition try his pulse 
 189. 
 
 and Irish affairs, 191, 194, 199. 
 warrants to be delivered to, 380. 
 receipt by, ibid. 
 Pembroke [Thomas Herbert] , Earl of, 3, 
 5. 
 
 letter from, 20. 
 
 militia forces of, 3, 5, 8, 11. 
 
 pulls down the Duke of Monmouth's 
 proclamation, 13 
 
 rebels taken by, 20. 
 Penguin Island. See Robben Island. 
 Pensford, co. Somerset, the rebels at, 13. 
 Pension Bill, the, 148. 
 Pensioners, Band of, 88. 
 Peppard or Pippard, merchant in Liverpool, 
 201. 
 
 Pepys, Major, letters of, 216, 221. 
 Percival, Sir John. 35. 
 Percy [Hugh], Earl, his camp near Boston, 
 134. 
 
 Peru or the Peru, affairs of, 341 . 
 
 Pery, Edmund Sexton, Speaker of the 
 
 Irish House of Commons. 253, 269. 
 , and Lord North's Resolutions, 
 
 264. 
 
 , exertions needed, to place him 
 
 in the Chair, 275. 
 [Rev. William Cecil] his brother, to 
 
 be Dean of Derry, 259. 
 Mr., his quarrel with Mr. Rochfort, 
 
 230 (2). 
 
 Peterborough, Bishop of [Dr. John Hinch- 
 
 cliffe] , 138. 
 Peterkin, Adjutant, 211. 
 Petershagen, camp at, letter dated from, 
 
 311. 
 
 Peterswald, in Bohemia. 302. 
 
 Petre [Robert Edward], Lord, and Rich- 
 ard Cumberland, 343, 344. 
 
 Peshcush, or tribute money, in the Car- 
 natic 367. 
 
 Petty [John Fitzmaurice, afterwards Earl 
 of Shelburne], desires a title, 172. 
 
 Philadelphia, seized by the Quakers, 139. 
 
 Philip and Mary, Act of, in relation to 
 Ireland. 234, 235. 
 
 Philip, Don [son of Philip V. of Spain] , 39. 
 
 Philippine Islands, 323. 
 
 Philips : 
 
 or Phelipps, Col. Sir Edward, 2 (2). 
 , letter of. 1. 
 
 Marmaduke. Dean Swift's letter in 
 
 behalf of, 164, 165. 
 Captain [William], 318. 
 Philips Norton, co. Somerset, rebel and 
 royal troops at, 6, 9, 11, 13, 14. 
 skirmish at, 15. 
 Phipps [Constantine, afterwards Lord 
 Mulgrave], 38. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 427 
 
 Phoenix Park, Dublin, letters dated at, 278, 
 279. 
 
 Pieroe, Colonel, of the Artillery in Bengal, 
 364. 
 
 Pignatelli, Count [ambassador from the 
 
 Two Sicilies], 324. 
 Pigot, Pigott : 
 
 [George] , Lord, Governor of Madras, 
 356. 
 
 Admiral [Hugh], is to succeed Rodney, 
 141. 
 
 [John], sheriff of Queen's County, 222. 
 Pistoles. Spanish, their circulation in Ire- 
 land, 171, 175. 
 Pitt: 
 
 Lady Hester, made Baroness Chatham. 
 85. 
 
 Mrs., house of. 125. 
 
 William, the elder, 54. 62, 109. 
 
 , letters of, 51, 315. 
 
 , and Henry Fox, 50. 
 
 , Secretary of State, 51. 
 
 , his arrogance, 51, 
 
 , and Prince Ferdinand, 303, 
 
 304. 
 
 -, says the public must be 
 
 humoured, 304. 
 
 , illness of, 54. 
 
 , returns to the House. 55. 
 
 , speeches of, 55, 86. 
 
 — — . and Lord G. Sackville's conduct 
 
 at Minden, 315, 316. 
 
 , and the King's Household, 46. 
 
 . must either lead or drive, 84. 
 
 , his resignation of the Secretary- 
 ship, 85-87. 
 
 , his wife's peerage, 85. 
 
 — — , compared with Garrick, 86. 
 , has rejected Bute's terms with 
 
 disdain. 89. 
 
 , at Stowe, 92. 
 
 , his exclusion from office, 92. 
 
 , his indignation at the Bath 
 
 Corporation, 93. 
 . his proposed administration. 98, 
 
 101, 103-105, 109. 
 
 , his Prussian ideas, 101. 
 
 , the ministers have perched on 
 
 his shoulders, 101. 
 
 , in Somersetshire, 101-103. 
 
 . and Lord Temple, 104, 106, 
 
 111. 
 
 , his views about America, 104, 
 
 105, 107, 109. 
 , called " the Great Commoner," 
 
 104. 
 
 , at Court, 105. 
 
 , at Hayes, 106, 108. 
 
 , his behaviour to Grenville, 108, 
 
 111. 
 
 — — , sells Hayes, 108. 
 
 , his interview with the King, 
 
 108. 
 
 , is believed to wish for office, 
 
 109, 110. 
 
 ■ , his civility to his family con- 
 
 nexions, 111. 
 , and Lord Howe, 112. 
 
 Pitt, William, the elder — cont. 
 
 , his administration (1766;, 113. 
 
 , his conversation with Sir J. 
 
 Caldwell, 239. 
 , as Lord Privy Seal, 113. And 
 
 see Chatham, Earl of. 
 
 , his peerage, 114. 
 
 William, the jounger, 78. 
 
 , letter from, 81. 
 
 , letter to, 82. 
 
 -, in the ministry of 1782, 79. 
 
 , supports the bill for reforming 
 
 the representation, 144. 
 . Prime Minister (Dec. 1783), 81, 
 
 83. 
 
 , unpopularity of, in consequence 
 
 of his taxes, 48. 
 Pitzoy (Pitzy) pound, on Sedgemoor, 16. 
 Place Bill, the, 155. 
 Plymouth, 6, 73, 75. 
 Pole: 
 
 Courtenay, 6. , 
 Colonel, 216. 
 Pombal, Marquis, late Portuguese Minister, 
 his improvements at Lisbon, 332, 
 333. 
 
 his son. See Oeyras, Count d'. 
 Pomeroy, General, his seat in Wick low, 
 277. 
 
 Pondioherry, English forces at, 358. 
 
 siege of, 364. 
 
 Hyder Ali at, 364. 
 Ponsonby : 
 
 Lady Betty, 215. 
 
 John, 191, 200, 215, 244. 
 
 , as Speaker of the Irish House 
 
 of Commons, 113, 239. 
 
 Mrs., her pension, 189. 
 
 , her father. See Taylor, Captain. 
 
 (Ponsy), 189. 
 Popery, introduction of, by James II., 26. 
 Poplett, Thomas, letter of. 356. 
 Porten, Sir Stanier, Under-Secretary, 
 324. 
 
 Portland [William Henry Cavendish 
 B.mtinek], Duke of, 70, 279. 
 as Chamberlain, 113. 
 resignation of, 116. 
 Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 142. 
 First Lord of the Treasury, 144. 
 Portland Road, fleet in, 295. 
 Port Mahon, Minorca, letters dated at, 
 
 370, 371.373. 
 Portman, Sir William, 15. 
 Portmore [David Colyear], Lord, 35. 
 Porto Novo (Porta Nova), in the Carnatic, 
 364. 
 
 Port St. Mary, near Cadiz, plundered by 
 
 the English soldiers, 374 (2). 
 Portsmouth, 75. 
 
 Governor of. See Tyrawly, Lord, 
 letter dated at, 332. 
 dockyard at, 332. 
 Portugal : 
 
 [Joseph], late King of, statue of, 
 333 
 
 [Maria], Queen of, 332, 333. 
 , her confessor, 333. 
 
428 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Portugal — cont. 
 
 [Peter] King Consort of, walks in pro- 
 oession, 332. 
 
 -, and the contract for diamonds. 
 
 333. 
 
 Prince of. See Brazils, the, Prince of. 
 
 Prime Minister of, 333. 
 
 , the late. See Pombal, Marquis. 
 
 envoy to. See Walpole, Robert. 
 Portuguese or Portugal : 
 
 artist, work of, 333. 
 
 envoy, 323. 
 
 laurel, 333. 
 
 pieces, 173. 
 
 service, officer in, 263. 
 Porys, the Miss, 113. 
 
 Postmasters General. See Hampden, R. ; 
 
 Bessborough, Earl of ; Despenser, Lord. 
 Povey, Commissary, 10. 
 Powder Mills, letter dated at, 215. 
 Powell, Mr. Eyre Evans, 217. 
 Poynings' Law, 234, 267. 
 
 probable attempt to abolish. 264. 
 the " Palladium of the Constitution," 
 268. 
 
 Pratt, Sir Charles, Attorney-General, 312. 
 , report by, 317. And see Cam- 
 den, Lord. 
 
 Presbyterians in Ireland, compared with 
 
 the Papists, 250. 
 President of the Council. 158. And see 
 
 Northington, Earl of. 
 Press, liberty of the, 61. 
 Preston : 
 
 Lieut. -Colonel [George], of the Scots 
 
 Greys. 318. 
 Major, before Cherbourg, 294. 
 Lieutenant. 210, 211. 
 Pretender, the [Prince Charles Edward], 
 
 240. 
 
 health of, drunk at Oxford, 192. 
 Price : 
 
 Dr. Arthur, Archbishop of Cashel, 
 
 death of. 186, 187. 
 Mr., his powder-mills, 55. 
 Prideaux, Peter, 6. 
 Pr ingle, Capt. Henry, 373. 
 Prior [Mathew]. document by, 36. 
 Privateers, Bill for restraining, 55. 
 
 vessels taken by, 270. 
 Privy Council. See Council, the Privy. 
 Proby [Sir John, afterwards Earl of 
 Carysfort]. recommended for a peerage. 
 177. 
 
 Protestants in Ireland, Walpole's letter on, 
 147. 
 
 Prussia [Frederick], King of, advance of, 
 302. 
 
 little hope of help from, 311. 
 and his army, defeat of, 52. 
 Prussian Hussars, success of, 304. 
 
 Q 
 
 Quadreville, near Cherbourg, 295. 
 Quakers, the, Philadelphia seized by, 139. 
 Qualification Bill, 155. 
 
 j Quebec, 332. 
 
 i letter dated at. 79. 
 
 hemp and flax from, suggestions for 
 importing, 387. 
 Queenborough, Kent, representation of . 
 201. 
 
 | Queen's County : 
 
 assizes in. 225. 
 sheriff of. See Pigott. 
 Querqueville Fort, near Cherbourg, 292- 
 295. 
 
 b 
 
 Raimond, Comte de, Major-General at 
 
 Cherbourg. 294. 
 Rainsford. Colonel, 351. 
 Ram, Mr., 215. 
 Ramsey : 
 
 Major or Colonel, 9, 10, 16. 
 
 or Rumsey. Major, 22. 
 Ramus : 
 
 ' old,"' George Ill.'s favourite page, 
 
 351, 352. 
 young Mr.. 352. 
 Randal, Lieut. Edward, 176. 
 Raphoe, Bishop of. See Hawkins, Dr. 
 Rathcormuck, co. Cork, borough of, 243. 
 
 letters- dated at, 243, 274. 
 Rathfarnham. the Primate at. 38. 
 Ravening, Henry. 23. 
 Ravensworth [Sir Henry Liddell], Lord, 
 
 speech of, 55. 
 Rawdon [John, afterwards Earl of Moira], 
 
 Lord, recommended for an Earldom, 
 
 209. 
 Ray, Mr., 23. 
 Reading, Berks. 10, 11. 
 Rebellions of '15 and '45, Acts of Indem- 
 nity after. 116. 
 Red Monk, the, 47, 48. 
 Redwood, letter dated at, 218. 
 Regency Bill, the, 111. 
 Rehearsal, The, dance from, 121. 
 Reminant or Rymenant, battle of, English 
 
 valour at, 381. 
 Renac, Monsieur or Comte de, paper in 
 
 relation to, 385. 
 Reventlau. Count, Danish ambassador in 
 
 Spain, 340. 341. 
 Revolution of 1688, alluded to, 382. 
 Reynoldstown, letters dated at, 212, 219 
 Rhine, the : 
 
 military operations near, JbJ-^So, 
 302. 
 
 Lord G. Sackville on, 282. 
 Rhode Island, 140. 
 Richardson : 
 
 Captain, 23. 
 
 William, letter of, 213. 
 Richbell, General, 12. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 429 
 
 Richmond, [Charles Lennox], Duke of, 
 45, 70, 267. 
 
 with the army on the Rhine. 282. 
 
 in the expedition to Cherbourg, 294. 
 
 and the French officers, 307. 
 
 retirement of, 113, 144. 
 
 as Master of the Ordnance, 79. 
 
 brother of. See Lennox, Lord George. 
 Richmond, Surrey, the King's house at, 
 128. 
 
 Rider, Mr. . aide-de-camp to Lord Fevers- 
 ham, 20. 
 Riedesel, General, letter of. 79. 
 Rigby [Alexander], 69-71, 89, 93,97(2). 
 116, 117, 180. 
 his dispute with Lord North, 120. 
 his appointment as Paymaster, 127. 
 to be Vice-Treasurer for Ireland, 125. 
 Ritberg, camp at, letter dated from, 308. 
 River-hill, near Knole, 52. 
 Riversdale [William Tonson] , Lord, 243??. 
 Rives or Ryves, Alexander, sheriff of 
 
 Dublin. 222. 
 Robben (Robin) or Penguin Island, prison- 
 ers in, 365. 
 Roberts, Edward, certificate by, 348. 
 
 recommended by the Duchess of Glou- 
 cester, 855. 
 Robertson, General,. 335. 
 Robinson : 
 
 John, Secretary to the Treasury. 76 
 84. 
 
 , letter of , 75. 
 
 — [in Ireland], 225. 
 — , pamphlet written by. 224. 
 — , death of [in 1774], 134. 
 Dr. [Richard], promised a bishopric. 
 177. 
 
 , Bishop of Kildare, made Arch- 
 bishop of Armagh, 99n. 
 Thomas, ambassador at Vienna. 163, 
 And see Grantham, Lord. 
 Roche, Thomas. 230. 
 Rochefort, abortive expedition to, 51, 52. 
 Rochford : 
 
 Arthur, his quarrel with Mr. Pery, 
 
 230 (2). 
 Miss, marriage of, 214. 
 [William Henry Nassau] . Earl of, 347. 
 Rochfort, George, 258. 
 Rock Forrest, letter dated at, 238. 
 Rockingham, [Charles Watson Went- 
 worth]. Marquis of, 61. 116. 
 his ministry, formation of, 101. 
 kisses hands [as First Lord of the 
 
 Treasury], 62 110. 
 letter to, 66. 
 
 his retirement from office, 66, 113. 
 negotiations with, fin 1767), 68-71. " 
 is to return to the Treasury, 68. 
 his motion on Ireland. 255. 
 his death. 78, 79. 
 
 his party, coalition of, with Lord 
 
 North, 143. 
 Rodney, Admiral Sir George, 276. 
 
 has sailed, no one knows whither, 57. 
 his viotory [over Comte de Grasse] 
 
 in the West Indies, 141, 369. 
 
 ! Rodney, Admiral Sir George — cont. 
 his recall, 141. 
 
 in pursuit of the French and Spanish 
 fleets, 271. 
 Roe, John, deposition of. 25. 
 | Rolle, Sir Francis, 23. 
 Roman Catholic Relief Bill, 385. 
 Roman Catholics : 
 
 English, fears concerning, 344. 
 
 , "inconsiderable privileges " of, 
 
 385. 
 
 Irish, are reluctant to enlist for 
 America, 137. 
 
 Rome : 
 
 letters dated at, 346, 348. 
 
 Duke of Gloucester at, 346-349. 
 Ross : 
 
 [? Capt. John], 97. 
 
 Lieut.-Col. Patrick, letters from. 364, 
 368 (2). 
 
 [William] Lord, praise of. as an 
 officer, 269. 
 
 , his wife, 269. 
 
 Roth (?), Jo., 6. 
 
 Rothes [John Leslie] , Earl of, 173, 21 1 , 214. 
 letters of, 213, 223. 
 illness of, at Mainz, 283. 
 his brother, 223. 
 Rotterdam, ship freighted at, 234. 
 Rouen (Ryon). 6. 
 
 General Irwin going to. 141, 142. 
 ! Rowley, [Hercules], of the Irish Parlia- 
 ment. 199. 
 Royal family, the : 
 
 applications to Parliament for, 111, 
 121. 
 
 and the Prince of Orange, 150. 
 Royal marriage law, 347- 
 Rumbold, Sir Thomas, his government of 
 Madras, 357, 364. 
 
 and Hyder Ali, 366, 367. 
 
 leaves India, 368. 
 Rumley, Captain, in India, 359. 
 Rupert, Prince, and silver mines in Somer- 
 setshire, 28. 
 Rupert, Captain, 14. 
 
 Rushden [? Rushton, co. Northampton] , 
 
 estate and rectory of, 48. 
 Russell : 
 
 John, letter certified by, 374. 
 Lord William, his letter to Charles II.. 
 373. 
 
 , his execution, 25. 
 
 Rachel, Lady, and her husband's 
 letter, 374. 
 Russia, apprehensions concerning, 327. 
 
 overtures of mediation from, to Spain, 
 
 336, 340. 
 trade with. 387. 
 Rutland [John Manners] , Duke of, his 
 
 resignation, 91. 
 Ryder : 
 
 Sir Dudley, Attorney-General, 179, 
 181, 192. 
 
 Dr. John, his brother, Bishop of 
 Down, 179, 181. 
 
 , made Archbishop of Tuam, 199n. 
 
 Rymenant. See Reminant. 
 
430 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 s 
 
 Sacheverell, Dr.. trial of. 35. 
 Sackville : 
 
 Caroline, daughter of Lord George. 47, 
 48, 142. 
 
 Charles, son of Lord George, illness of 
 
 as a child, 127. 
 
 , letters to, 47, 48. 
 
 , as Viscount Sackville. letter to, 
 
 48. 
 
 , brother of. See George, below. I 
 
 Diana (Di\ eldest daughter of Lord 
 
 George, 87. And see Glandore, i 
 
 Lady. 
 
 Col. [Edward], at Sedgemoor, 18. 
 Elizabeth (Bess), daughter of Lord 
 
 George. See Herbert, Elizabeth. 
 afterwards Germain, Lord George, | 
 ' letters from, 44, 46-48, 171, 176, 
 
 203, 204, 206, 228. 235, 289, 290, | 
 
 302-318, 329, 334, 345, 349. 
 
 , letters to, 38 ; et seq. passim. 
 
 , his letters to General Irwin, 
 
 84-146. 
 
 , his first campaign in Germany 
 
 (1743-4), 37, 282-289. 
 
 , not present at the Battle of 
 
 Dettingen, 37. 
 
 , his second campaign in Ger- 
 many (1748), 290-292. 
 
 , his instructions for, 290. 
 
 , interview of, with Marshal I 
 
 Saxe, 291. 
 
 , Secretary for Ireland (1750-75), 
 
 41, 42, 178, 182-185. 
 
 , — — , and the Irish ooinage, 171, 
 
 173. 
 
 , , request to, from Mrs. 
 
 Walkinshaw, 204. 
 , , his intercourse with the 
 
 Opposition, 205. 
 , , accusations of haughti- 
 ness against, 232. 
 
 , his marriage (1754), 41-43. 
 
 , leases to be signed by, 43. 
 
 , memorandum by, 49. 
 
 , desires to remain free, 49. 
 
 , Lieut.-General of the Ordnance 
 
 (1757), 52, 53. 
 , his expeditionto Cherbourg (June 
 
 1758), 292, 301. 
 , Commander of the English 
 
 forces in Germany (1758, Oct. ),53 (2) . 
 , his campaign on the Lower Rhine 
 
 (1758, 9), 302-311. 
 , hie conduct at Minden, 312- 
 
 318. 
 
 , demands a Court Martial, 314. 
 
 , dismissed from his command, 
 
 316. 
 
 , papers in his defence, 319. 
 
 Saokville, afterwards Germain, Lord 
 
 George — cont. 
 
 , birth of a daughter (1762), 87. 
 
 , George III. s treatment of 1 1763;, 
 
 58, 59. 
 
 , and George Grenville (1763;. 93, 
 
 94. 
 
 , his conversation with Lord 
 
 Egmont (1765), 63-65. 
 , and the borough of Hythe, 103, 
 
 118, 124. 
 
 — — , Vice - Treasurer for Ireland 
 (1765), 103, 112. 
 
 , , dismissed from the office 
 
 of (1766), 66. 
 
 — ■ — , illness of his sons, 127, 145. 
 
 -, speaks in the House (1775), 137. 
 
 , appointed Secretary for the Col- 
 onies (1775), 138. 
 
 , . allusion to, later, 79. 
 
 , member for East Grinstead. 
 
 133>i. 
 
 , his interest requested, 238, 
 
 243. 
 
 , takes the name of Germain 
 
 (1777), m. 
 
 , and the Duke of Gloucester, 
 
 344-350. 
 — — , his sons, at school, 142. 
 
 , statement of, replied to, 254. 
 
 , his contemplated retirement 
 
 from office, 77. 139, 141. 
 , raised to the peerage as Viscount 
 
 Sackville (1782;, 77n, 78, 141. 
 , Lord Carmarthen "s attack on 
 
 (1783), 80, 81. 
 , George III.'s enquiries con- 
 cerning, 83. 
 . aide-de-camps of, 318. And see 
 
 Keith, Major; Hugo and Smith, 
 
 Captains. 
 George, son of Lord George, 47, 48. 
 
 , illness of, 145. 
 
 Lady George, 41-43, 62, 87, 127. 
 
 , letter from, 43. 
 
 , lace to be bought for, 128. 
 
 , mother of. See Sambrooke, 
 
 Mrs. 
 
 Lord John, second son of Lionel, Duke 
 of Dorset, 37, 283. 
 
 , letters of, 38-41 . 
 
 , illness of, 92. 
 
 , wife and children of, 40, 41. 
 
 John [son of Lord John], 40, 41. 
 
 , a candidate for the county of 
 
 Kent, 124. 
 
 , as Duke of Dorset, 47. 
 
 , in Paris, 133. 
 
 Miss, 343. 
 St. Anthony's fire. 386. 
 St. Briac or Brie, in Brittany, 297. 
 
 ships burnt at, 298. 
 St. Cas (or Cast; Bay, 296, 301. 
 St. Clair, General. See Sinclair. 
 St. George : 
 
 wounded at Sedgemoor, 21. 
 
 General [Richard], 215, 221. 
 St. George's Channel, 1. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 431 
 
 St. Germain, French General, 305. 
 St. Helens, Isle of Wight, the fleet at, 293, 
 294, 332. 
 
 St. Helier, Jersev, surprised by the French. 
 75. 
 
 St. Ildefonso, the Spanish Court at, 337, 
 338. 
 
 St. Jago, Cape Verde Islands, 364. 
 St. Jagiie, a village in Brittany, 299. 
 St. James, Court of, or Court of London, 
 339. 
 
 St. Lawrence, the river, Wolfe ascends, 56. 
 St. Leger : 
 
 Major, and his bride. 221. 
 Miss, 221. 
 St. Lunaire, a village in Brittany, 298. 
 St. Malo, attack on, papers relating to. 
 297, 298. 
 
 St. Quentin, Sir William, Commissioner 
 
 of Revenue in Ireland, 34. 
 St. Servans, in Brittany, 297. 
 St. Severin, Monsieur, French General. 
 
 290, 292. 
 
 Saldana or Saldahna Bay, South Africa, 
 English ships rescued in, 365. 
 plan of, 386. 
 Salem, America, news from, 134, 135. 
 Salfeld, fight near, 304. 
 Salisbury : 
 
 [James Cecil] , Earl of, his daughter. 
 
 Lady M. Forester, 29«. 
 Lady, 31 . 
 
 Salisbury, troops and prisoners at, 11, 21. 
 Sambroke, Mrs., 29n, 41 (2). 
 
 her daughter, 41, 42, 211. And see 
 Sackville, Lady George. 
 Sands, Capt. [Edwin], at Sedgemoor, 17, 
 18. 
 
 Sandwich [John Montagu] , Earl of, 62, 
 70, 76, 276. 
 letter to, 72. 
 
 is "master" of Cambridge University, 
 61. 
 
 and the Saxon treaty, 179-181. 
 
 as Secretary of State, 92, 95. 
 Sandy Bay, near Cherbourg, 294. 
 Santry, near Dublin, vicar of. See Jackson, 
 
 John. 
 Sardinia, 88. 
 
 [Charles Emanuel], King of, 40, 44. 
 Sarsfield (Sashfield), Colonel, wounded at 
 
 Sedgemoor, 21. 
 Saunders. Admiral Sir Charles, 56. 
 
 his fleet in the St. Lawrence, 56. 
 
 and the Admiralty, 114. 
 
 resignation of. 116. 
 Savage : 
 
 Lieutenant, his command under the 
 
 Duke of Monmouth, 28. 
 George, Patrick and Henry. 200. 
 Saxe, Comte de, Marshal of France, at 
 
 Courtray, 287, 289. 
 Lord G. Sackville's mission to, 290- 
 
 292. 
 
 Saxon : 
 
 subsidy, debate on, 179. 
 
 troops, at Minden, 321, 322. 
 Saxony, Lower, war in, 52. 
 
 Scarborough, [Richard Luraley] : Earl of, 
 
 resignation of, 116. 
 Schaub, Sir Luke, 40. 
 Schaw, Gideon, Assistant Registrar for 
 
 tobacco, letter of, 380. 
 Scheldt, the, English forces near, 289. 
 Schuyler. General, American commander, 
 
 140. 
 Scotch : 
 
 Dutch Brigade, 243, 380. 
 
 , history of, 381 et seq. 
 
 forces, at Sedgemoor, 18, 19. 
 
 Lords, in Parliament, attitude of, 155. 
 
 men, 25. 
 
 , in Prince Maurice's army, 381. 
 
 Scotch, the, or North Britons, and Mr. 
 
 Pitt, 104. 
 Scotland : 
 
 Argyll's expedition to, 1. 
 
 Assistant Register General of tobacco 
 for. See Schaw, Gideon. 
 
 , clerks in the office of, 380, 381. 
 
 Customs in, officers of, 381. 
 
 Highlands of, forfeited estates in, bill 
 concerning, 182. 
 
 Highland regiments of, 277. 
 
 embassy to, from Holland (1596), 
 alluded to, 381. 
 
 Judge Advocate of . See Dundas. Henry. 
 
 North Isles of, 1. 
 
 '• the prisoner in,'' 198. 
 
 Privy Seal of, not disposed of, 102. 
 
 Roman Catholic Relief Bill, not to 
 extend to, 385. 
 
 Royal boroughs of, 383. 
 
 troops raised or recimited in, 381-383. 
 
 Vice Admiral of, post of, 76. 
 Scott, John, Attorney- General for Ireland. 
 250, 251, 257, 259, 267. 
 
 his abilities and zeal, 262. 
 
 speech of, 265. 
 Sealy, Thomas, deposition by, 26. 
 Secretaries of State. See Fox, Henry ; 
 Pitt, William, sen. ; Holdernesse, 
 Egremont. Sandwich, Earls of ; 
 Halifax, Duke of ; Conway, General ; 
 Grafton, Duke of ; Shelburne, Earl 
 of; Weymouth, Lord; Suffolk, 
 Hillsborough, Earls of; Stormont, 
 Lord; To wnshend, Thomas ; North 
 Lord ; Fox, Charles James ; Car- 
 marthen, Lord. 
 
 (Pitt and Bute) on opposite sides in a 
 division, 84. 
 
 (Sandwich and Halifax) and Wilkes' 
 trial, 92. 
 
 , their spirited despatches, 95. 
 
 (Weymouth and Shelburne), both out 
 of town, 125. 
 Sedgemoor, or King's Sedgemoor, co. Somer- 
 set, forces at, 16. 
 
 battle of, 17-21, 24. 
 
 , numbers at, 21. 
 
 , plan of, 27, 28. 
 
 Selby, Lieut. [Rowland] at Sedgemoor, 18. 
 Selwyn : 
 
 John, 157. 
 
 Molly, woman of the bed-chamber, 157- 
 
432 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Seringapatam, English prisoners sent to 
 370. 
 
 Sevenoaks, letter dated at, 380. 
 
 Seven Years' War, oomments on, 85, 86. 
 
 papers relating to, 301-322. 
 
 History of, quotations from, 320-322. 
 Seyerin, M. St. See St. Severin. 
 Shaftesbury, [Anthony Ashley Cooper]. 
 
 Earl of, his silver mines, 28. 
 Shafto, Captain [Cuthbert?]. 318. 
 Shakespeare, quoted. 273. 
 Shales, Mr., 10. 
 
 Shannon [Richard Boyle] , 2nd Earl of 
 
 130,267. 
 
 , letter from, 73. 
 
 , motion by, 265. 
 
 Lady (sister of Duke of Dorset), 35. 
 Shelburne : 
 
 the late Lord [John Pettie], 239. 
 [John Fitzmaurice] , Earl of, 92, 93, 
 
 102, 226, 268. 
 
 , letter to, 381. 
 
 , assumes the lead, 78. 
 
 , his American Bill, 78. 
 
 , his ministry, 79, 142. 
 
 declines to join Rockingham's 
 
 ministry, 101. 
 . as Secretary of State, 113, 125. 
 
 381. 
 
 , tries to see Lord Chatham, 125. 
 
 , belief that he is to be removed. 
 
 127. 
 
 , invectives against, 143. 
 
 Shelley, [John], Treasurer of the Household. 
 116. 
 
 Shepton Mallet, co. Somerset, royal troops 
 
 at, 10, 11, 13, 15. 
 Sherborne, co. Dorset : 
 executions at. 24. 
 letter dated at, 24. 
 Sheridan : 
 
 Dr., his scholars, 161. 
 
 , Swift's high opinion of, 161. 
 
 , Lord Carteret's chaplain, 161. 
 
 Richard Brinsley, and Cumberland's 
 play, 313. 
 Sheyla, Colonel, legacy to, 215. 
 Shiers : 
 
 Mr., 8. 10. 
 Lady, 213. 
 Ships : 
 
 Ordnance, 325. 
 
 rescued from the Dutch, 365. 
 
 named : 
 
 Asia, letter dated from, 364. 
 
 Barfleur, 332. 
 
 Belle Poule, 276. 
 
 Black Prince, privateer, 270. 
 
 Diligente, 332. 
 
 Duke, letter dated from, 75. 
 
 Fortitude, Indiaman, 370. 
 
 Hannibal, taken by the French, 
 
 369, 370. 
 Hillsborough, 320. 
 Juno, 369. 
 
 Kingston, letter dated from. 
 
 357. 
 Lark, 386. 
 
 ' Ships, named — cont. 
 
 Milford, 332. 
 
 , letter dated from. 333. 
 
 Monarch, 332. 
 Nymph, sloop, 361. 
 Pallas, 294. 
 Proserpine, 72. 
 Prothee, 332. 
 
 Resolution, armed store ship, cap- 
 tured by the French, 370. 
 'Richmond, 294. 
 
 Rising Sun, Monmouth's ship, 
 24. * 
 Romney, 365. 
 
 Sultan, Sir Edward Hughes' flag 
 
 ship, 269. 
 Union, 332. 
 Shobdon, or Shobdon Court, co. Hereford. 
 
 letters dated at, 43, 48, 129. 
 Shrewsbury, documents dated at, 23, 24. 
 Shropshire, Monmouth's followers in, 24. 
 Shrouland, Miss Meredyth of. See 
 
 Meredyth. 
 Shute : 
 
 near Axmiuster, letter dated at, 2. 
 (Shoot) Hill, 22. 
 Sicilies, the Two, ambassador from. See 
 Pignatelli, Count. 
 Court of, orders from, 324. 
 Siclem, " Conte de," 62. 
 Siddons, Mrs., her acting mThe Carmelite, 
 342, 343. 
 called "Lady Paragon." 343, 
 Sidmouth, Devon, letter dated at, 257. 
 | Sidney. See Sydney. 
 
 ; Siegberg or Siegen, opposite Bonn, on the 
 Rhine, 305, 307. 
 Silesia, news from, 53. 
 Sinclair or St. Clair, General [James], 
 46. 
 
 in Flanders, 286, 287. 288. 
 Singleton [Henry], Chief Justice of Com- 
 mon Pleas in Ireland, 174, 184. 
 
 as late Chief Justice, 201, 203. 
 
 as Master of the Rolls (Ireland). 225. 
 
 his illness, 231, 232. 
 Sion Hill, letters dated at, 76. 315. 
 Sligo, 260. 
 Sligo, county, 188. 
 Smith: 
 
 Bernard, Mayor of Taunton, informa- 
 tions before, 24. 
 Colonel, letter to, 75. 
 Dr., a physician. 225. 
 Capt. Edward, 44. 
 
 Cornet Edward, letters from, 209, 
 222. 
 
 Capt. John, aide-de-camp to Lord G. 
 Saekville at Minden, 315, 316, 
 318. 
 
 Mr., an actor, 342. 
 Mr., 33. 
 
 i Smyth, Sir Robert and Lady Louisa, 38. 
 
 Solano, Admiral, his fleet, 336, 337. 
 j Soleure, Switzerland, 40. 
 ! Solicitor General. See Yorke, Charles ; 
 
 Norton, Sir Fletcher; Wedderburn, 
 
 Alexander, 
 
INDEX. 
 
 433 
 
 Somerset [Charles Seymour], Duke of, 3, 
 4, 5, 11. 
 letters of, 2, 3 (2). 
 letter to, 1. 
 
 to be Lord Lieutenant of Sussex, 33. 
 Somersetshire, 101-103. 
 
 constables, &c, of, orders to. 15. 
 Judges of Assize for, 24. 
 militia of , 15. 
 
 supposed silver-mines in, 28. 
 Somerton. co. Somerset, 15, 16. 
 Sophie, Princess. Electress of Hanover, 
 letters of, 34 (2). 
 
 proposal to invite, to England. 33. 
 Soubise, Prince, 85, 302. 
 
 his army, on the Main, 305. 
 South Sea Company, the, 376. 
 Southwell : 
 
 Lady Betty, 216. 
 
 M., Lady, letter of, 43. 
 
 , son of, 43 
 
 Spa, visitor to, 96. 
 
 Spain, King of, [Charles III], or "the 
 
 Spanish Don." 240. 
 and Mr. Hussey, 323, 331. 337. 
 his conversation with Count Florida 
 
 Blanoa.327. 328. 
 his desire for Gibraltar, 327, 330. 
 possible dethronement of, 327. 
 is determined to carry on the war, 
 
 330. 
 
 present of horses from, to George III, 
 338. 
 
 mediation of, before the war. alluded 
 to, 339. 
 
 wishes Cumberland to return to Lon- 
 don, 339. 
 and his brother s marriage, 347. 
 Spain, 131, 275. 
 
 ambassador from, to England. See 
 
 Almodavar, Marquis de; Wall, 
 
 General. 
 
 . the late, 324, 326. 
 
 , his private secretary. 323, 
 
 324, 326. 
 
 to France, 340. 
 
 ambassadors to, 340, 341. 
 
 American envoy in, 330. 
 
 and American Independence, 330 
 
 331,334. 
 armaments of, 248. 
 her colonies, 327. 
 oorps diplomatique in, 338. 
 Cumberland's and Hussey 's mission 
 
 to, 323-344. 
 demands upon, 90. 
 expedition to (1702), 374. 
 and France. See France. 
 Gibraltar demanded for. See Gibraltar. 
 Infant of. See Philip, Don. 
 , brother of the King, private 
 
 marriage of. 347. 
 intentions of, 72. 
 
 invasion by, possibility of, 72, 330. 
 
 pacific language of, 73. 
 
 Prime Minister of. See Florida 
 
 Blanca, Count. 
 Royal Marriage law for, 347. 
 Russia's overtures to, 340. 
 
 Spain — cont. 
 
 trade with, 150. 
 
 the war with, 86, 87, 326, 328, 330. 
 
 , observations on, 325. 
 
 Spaniards, the, payments refused by, 100. 
 Spanish : 
 
 army, defeat of (in 1578), 381. 
 
 business, 178. 
 
 coin, in Ireland, 171, 174, 175. 
 Court. See Madrid, Court of. 
 fleet, 72, 271, 341. 
 gun barrels, 39. 
 
 ministers or ministry, 137. 178, 324, 
 
 327,329, 331, 337, 341. 
 territories in America. See America, 
 
 South. 
 
 Spencer, Lord Charles, 91. 
 Spire or Spires : 
 
 French camp near, 282. 283. 
 
 documents dated at, 285, 380. 
 Spithead, the fleet at, 293, 332. 
 
 letter dated at, 75. 
 Sporcke or Sporcken, Genei-al Von, 305. 
 
 and Prince Ferdinand, 84, 310. 
 Spring, Sir John, 223. 
 Stadtbergen, Prince Ferdinand at, 314. 
 Staffordshire. 268. 
 
 Stair [John Dalrymple] , Earl of, gives up 
 his command, 285. 
 his popularity, 285. 
 Stamp Act, the. debates on. 104-107. 
 
 repeal of, 108, 109. 
 Stanhope : 
 
 Lady Bel [? daughter of Lord Har- 
 rington], the King of Denmark s 
 favourite wishes to marry, 128. 
 Lady Emily, her marriage, 117. 
 Stanley, Hans, Cofferer of the Household, 
 116 
 
 Stannard [Eaton] , M.P. in Ireland, 167. 
 
 as Prime Serjeant, 206, 217, 218. 
 
 death of, 238. 
 Star and Garter, " the lively party of," 177. 
 Stawell [Ralph]. Lord, and his regiment. 3. 
 Stephenson. — , 92. 
 
 Sterne [John] . Bishop of Clogher, improve- 
 ments made by. 279. 
 Stewart or Stuart : 
 
 Archibald, and the Douglas cause, 114?i. 
 Lieut-General [James], in India, 368. 
 369. 
 
 Robert, led the Scots against the 
 Spaniards, (1578), 381. 
 Stiel, Mr., servant of the Duke of Glouces- 
 ter, 351. 
 Stirling, Governor of, 92. 
 Stocks, the rise and fall of, 88, 107, 131. 
 Stockton, Major, acoused of murder, 75. 
 Stone : 
 
 [Andrew], brother of the Primate, 186, 
 192. 
 
 , letter to, 186. 
 
 Dr. George, Bishop of Kildare, letter 
 of, 37. 
 
 1 as Dean of Christchurch, Dublin, 
 
 38. 
 
 as Archbishop of Armagh, Pri- 
 mate of all Ireland. 39, 40 167, 197, 
 201-203, 211,214, 261. 
 
 21250 
 
134 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Stone, Dr. George — cont. 
 
 , as one of the Lords Justices, 
 
 170, 211, 221, 238. 
 , letters of, 170-175, 182(?), 184- 
 
 194, 212, 214 (3). 221, 223-226, 
 
 229-232 234, 237. 238(2 . 
 
 , letters to, 184(?), 187. 228, 235. 
 
 , visits Knole, &o. ; 95, 96. 
 
 threatened with anonymous 
 
 letters, 166. 
 , is of the Lord Lieutenant's 
 
 "family." 183. 
 , made Vice-Chancellor of Trin. 
 
 Coll., Dublin. 187. 
 
 , and the living of Cloyne, 190. 
 
 , proposals of, for employing the 
 
 balance in the Treasury, 195. 
 . animosity of the Opposition to, 
 
 198. 
 
 , demand for his removal from 
 
 the Lord Justiceship, 198. 
 
 attack upon (in a pamphlet), 
 
 212. 
 
 , urges Lord Dorset to declare 
 
 himself, 223. 
 
 . accused of ambition, 232. 
 
 , defends his conduct, 232. 
 
 , and the Ministry inEngland, 233. 
 
 , reported disagreement of, with 
 
 Lord Bessbo rough, 238. 
 
 , his "disgrace"' after Lord 
 
 Dorset's resignation, 238. 239. 
 
 , his illness and death. 98. 99. 
 
 • , his will, 100. 
 
 , his sister. 100. 
 
 Stoneland Lodge, 48, 85, 127. 
 
 letters dated at, 47, 84. 85, 112. 114, 
 123-125, 127, 128. 129, 131-133, 
 135, 136, 141, 142, 334. 
 Stopford, — , his letter, 187. 
 Storey, Samuel, rebel, at Taunton, 25. 
 Stormont [David Murray], Viscount. 76. 
 Secretary of State. 328, 342, 342. 
 President of the Council, 144. 
 Stowe, co. Buckingham, Lord Temple's 
 house at, 69, 95, 96, 99, 113. 
 letters dated at. 52. 
 Mr. Pitt at, 92. 
 Strada. the historian, praises the valour of 
 
 the British, 381. 
 Strahan, Mr., the printer, to second the 
 
 Address. 134. 
 Strange ways, Colonel, 2. 
 
 his brother murdered, 2. 
 Strangridge (Stranguidge ), Colonel, 15. 
 Stuart. See Stewart. 
 Stuttgart [i.e. Wiirtemberg], Court of, 303. 
 Suffolk: 
 
 [Henry Howard]. Earl of [Secretary 
 
 of State] . 139. 
 
 , lettersfrom, mentioned, 135. 136. 
 
 , illness of, 140. 
 
 Countess of, 152, 158. 
 Suffren or Souffrein [Bailli de]. French 
 
 Admiral ; at the Cape of Good 
 
 Hope, 365. 
 English prisoners handed over to 
 
 Hyder Ali by, 369. 
 
 Sugborough, Colonel, 10. 
 
 Sullivan [Lawrence], of the East India 
 
 Company, proposal by, 121. 
 Sumpter, G-eneral, destruction of his corps 
 
 75. 
 
 Sunderland : 
 
 [Robert Spencer], Earl of, 4, 5, 6, 10. 
 
 , letters to, 2, 3, 5 (2;. 6 <2>, 12 
 
 (2;, 21, 22, 27. 
 [Charles Spencer]. Earl of, letter of, 
 36. 
 Sussex : 
 
 elections in, Duke of Newcastle's in- 
 fluence on, 126. 
 
 Lieutenancy of, 33, 34. 
 Sutherland : 
 
 [William], Earl of, fatal illness of, 
 112. 
 
 [Mary], Countess of, death of, 112. 
 Lieutenant [James] , 318. 
 Swartz, Mr., sent to Hyder Ali, 367. 
 Swift, Jonathan, Dean of St. Patrick's 
 letters of, 149, 159, 161-165. 
 wishes for a seal, 163. 
 and the Irish coinage, 166. 
 quotations from, 212, 319. 
 his death, 168. 
 Sydney or Sidney : 
 
 Col. [Algernon] , execution of, 25. 
 [Henry] . Viscount, his protest in 
 
 1692, 207, 235. 
 [Thos. Townshend], Lord. Secretary 
 of State for the Home Department, 
 146. 
 
 , letter from.. 80. 
 
 , letter to, 82. 
 
 Sydon, Major-General H. B. de. in Min- 
 orca, 373. 
 
 T 
 
 Talbot: 
 
 [Charles, Lord], Lord Chancellor, 
 152. 
 
 [William] Lord, 181. 
 
 ■ [as Earl], his attack on Lord 
 
 Camden], 122. 
 Captain, his troop, 13. 
 Tallaght, letter dated at, 273. 
 Tanjore, expedition to, 356. 
 
 reinforcements sent from, 360. 
 country, defeat in, 368. 
 Tanore, near Calicut, 368. 
 Taunton, co. Somerset, and Monmouth's 
 invasion, 2, 4, 7, 23, 28. 
 letters, &c, dated at, 3. 5, 6, 24, 26, 
 27. 
 
 J.P.'s for, 24, 25. 
 
 Mayor and Corporation of, 24-26. 
 
 And see Smith, Bernard, 
 the White Hart at, 25. 
 Monmouth at, 27. 
 
 Castle, escape of prisoners from, 27. 
 eleotion at, 380. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 485 
 
 Tavistock [Francis Russell], Marquis of, 
 
 fatal accident to, 121. 
 Tavistock, co. Devon, 73. 
 
 letter dated at, 73. 
 Taylor, Captain, 187. 
 Tea trade, the, paper upon, 381. 
 Tempest, one, 154. 
 Temple : 
 
 Captain, trial of , 237, 238. 
 
 Lady, 45. 
 
 [Richard Grenville. 1st] Earl, 69-71. 
 
 94, 98, 109. 
 , letter of, 52. 
 
 , to be 1st Lord of the Admiralty, 
 
 51. 
 
 , as Lord Privy Seal, 52, 85. 
 
 ■ , his resignation, 85, 87. 
 
 . left without information, 94. 
 
 , his undetermined state of mind. 
 
 99. 
 
 , clamour against, 101. 
 
 , abuses Grenville's administra- 
 tion, 101. 
 
 . reported conjunction of, with 
 
 Pitt and Grenville. 103. 
 ■, joins Grenville against Pitt. 
 
 104, 106. 
 
 , and American affairs, 107, 122. 
 
 , interview of, upon family mat- 
 ters, with Pitt and Grenville, 111. 
 
 , refuses to join Pitt's ministry, 
 
 113. 
 
 •, as a champion of liberty, 115. 
 
 , brothers of. See Grenville. 
 
 George and James. 
 
 , sister of. See Pitt. Lady Hester. 
 
 George [Grenville or Nugent Temple. 
 2nd] Earl, 79, 80, 81. 
 
 , his resignation, 81, 82. 
 
 ■ , is to have Ireland. 142. 
 
 , leaves Ireland. 145. 
 
 Tenison, Thomas, witness, 22. 
 
 Terence, comedy of, acted, 161. 
 
 Ternate or Ternet, King of, and his son, 
 
 stolen by the Dutch, 365. 
 Test Act, repeal of. for Ireland, proposed, 
 
 250. 
 Thompson : 
 
 Benjamin [afterwards Count von Rum- 
 ford]. Under Secretary of State, 338, 
 340. 
 
 , his frigate. 337. 
 
 Sir Charles, 143. 276, 342. 
 
 or Tompson, Captain, with the Duke 
 of Monmouth, 19, 22. 
 Thurlow [Edward], opinion of, as Attor- 
 ney General, 383. 
 
 as Lord Chancellor, 78. 
 
 letter of, 80. 
 
 letter to, 81. 
 Thynne : 
 
 Mr., his keeper, 20. 
 
 Thomas, the late, brother-in-law of, 8. 
 Ticonderoga, capture of, 135. 
 Tily. Captain, 23. 
 Tipperarv, the White Boys of, 260. 
 Tippoo Sahib, son of Hyder Ali. 358, 
 368. 
 
 Tisdale or Tisdall : 
 Charles, 187 (2). 
 
 [Philip], Solicitor-General for Ireland, 
 203, 211, 218. 
 
 , as Attorney-General, 130. 259. 
 
 . death of, 246. 
 
 Tiverton, letter dated at, 6. 
 
 Tomkins, pension for, 191. 
 
 Tonson, Col. William, letter of, 274. 
 
 his desire for a peerage. 274, 275. 
 Torbay. French ships in, 6 (2). 
 Tories, the, and Sir Spencer Compton, 
 376. 
 
 Toulon fleet, the, 72. 
 
 Towell, Thomas, of Taunton, 25, 26. 
 
 deposition of, 25. 
 Townsend, Capt. Gilbert, in Minorca, 373. 
 Townshend : 
 
 Charles, Viscount (in 1692), 235. 
 
 Charles, 95-97- 103. 120, 124. 
 
 , letters of. 61,64, 66. 
 
 , and Lord G. Sackville, 63-67. 
 
 94. 
 
 . Chancellor of the Exchequer, 
 
 67, 114, 117. 
 
 , negotiations with, 98, 102. 
 
 , well received at Court, 98. 
 
 , his projects concerning the 
 
 revenue, 99. 
 
 , Paymaster, 118. 
 
 , Government displeased with, 
 
 101. 
 
 — — -, his views about America, 119. 
 
 , precarious position of, 119, 120. 
 
 , ball given by. on the marriage 
 
 of his step-son, 121. 
 . his dance from the Rehearsal, 
 
 121. 
 
 , his budget, 123. 
 
 , Lord Holland's oharacter of. 
 
 386. 
 
 his wife. See Dalkeith, Lady. 
 
 , his brother. See George, 
 
 Viscount, below. 
 [George], Viscount, 63, 98. 129. 
 , letter of, 74. 
 
 , Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 125. 
 
 , his intemperance, 125, 127. 
 
 , his wit. 127. 
 
 -, death of a brother of, 125. 
 
 — — , his " southern progress, '' 130. 
 
 -, his political friends in Ireland, 
 
 264. 
 
 G. , refuses the Vice-Treasurership of 
 Ireland. 127. 
 
 John (Jack), 79. 
 
 Major, 125. 
 
 Thomas, 78. 
 
 . speech of, 138. 
 
 Secretary of State, 142. And 
 
 see Sydney, Lord. 
 Trade, Board of: 
 
 head of. See Nugent. 
 
 has become important. 336. 
 Tranquebar, arms, &c, bought from the 
 
 Danes at, 363. 
 Traquair [John Stuart]. Earl of. 323. 
 
 letter of, 385. 
 
436 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Treasurer, Lord High. See Godolphia, 
 Lord. 
 
 post of, qualities needed for, 378. 
 Treasury, the : 
 
 First Lord of. See VValpole, Sir R. ; 
 Pelham, H. ; Newcastle, Duke of; 
 Devonshire, Duke of; Bute, Earl of; 
 Grenville. G. ; Rockingham, Earl of ; 
 Grafton, Duke of ; Shelburne, Earl 
 of; North, Lord; Portland. Duke 
 of; Pitt, W., jun. 
 Lords of, powder mills bought by, 55. 
 
 . and Ireland, 178. 
 
 Clerks of, 378. 
 Commissioners of, 307, 308. 
 Commissioner of revenue at, 253. 
 Secretary of. See Conway, Henry ; 
 Martin, Samuel. 
 Treasury Chambers, letter dated at, 307. 
 Trelawny or Trelany : 
 
 Col. Charles, letter of, 26. 
 
 , regiment of. See Army. 
 
 Capt. [? Harry], at Sedgemoor, 18. 
 Trenchard, Mr., of Dorset, and his son, 
 179. 
 
 Trent, the Duke of Gloucester at. 350, 352, 
 354. 
 
 letter dated at, 350. 
 Treutham [Granville Leveson Gower] , 
 
 Viscount, 180. 
 Trentham, co. Stafford, 62. 
 Treysa, fight near, 305. 
 Tricalore. success of the English at, 388. 
 Trichinopoli, Seapoy forces at, 360. 
 Trincomalee, taken by the English, 368. 
 
 retaken by the French, 369.* 
 Trout, John, parish clerk of Taunton, 
 
 deposition of, 25. 
 Trowbridge, co. Wilts, 68. 
 Tuam, Archbishop of. See Ryder, Dr. 
 John. 
 
 Archbishopric of, 179, 279. 
 Tuftons, the, 43. 
 Tullamore. Lord, letter of, 218. 
 Tunbridge, co. Kent: 
 
 Princess Anne going to, 20. 
 
 school, crioket match played by, 48. 
 Ttmbridge Wells or the Wells : 
 
 visitors to, 35, 129, 133. 
 
 new road to, 113. 
 Turin : 
 
 Court of, 178. 
 
 English agent at, 40. 
 
 letter dated at, 52. 
 Turnbull, Adam, affidavit by, 29. 
 Turpin Hussars, 305. 
 Twelve years' truce, the. See Antwerp. 
 Tynewell, Stephen, J. P., 24. 
 Tyrawly, Lord, Governor of Portsmouth, 
 110. 
 
 Tyrone, county of, M.P. for. See Lowry- 
 Corry, Armar. 
 
 u 
 
 Ulriohstein Castle, taken by the Allies, 
 304. 
 
 Ulster King at arms. See Hawkins, W. 
 
 Cnna, Allied forces at, 307. 
 
 Upcott. Captain, 16. 
 
 Ureville. near Cherbourg, 294. 
 
 Usher, Captain, 192. 
 
 Utopia, alluded to, 241. 
 
 Utrecht : 
 
 Lord Dorset at, 33. 
 
 Peace of, 383. 
 
 V 
 
 Valke, Jakob, ambassador from Holland to 
 
 Scotland, 381. 
 Valogne, French troops march towards, 
 
 295. 
 
 Vanziel, Lieutenant, 171. 
 Vaughan : 
 
 (Vahune), Capt. [John], 9, 14. 
 
 , at Sedgemoor, 17. 
 
 Major-General [John], in America 
 74, 139. 
 Venice, letter dated at, 349. 
 Vere : 
 
 [Lord Vere Beauclerk] , Lord, 132. 
 
 , his marriage, 158. 
 
 , letter to, 76. 
 
 Lady, " bad accounts of," 52. 
 Verona, 349. 
 
 Versailles, Court of, brouilleries of, 303. 
 Vesey, Agin [ondisham], 149. 
 Vevey, letters dated at, 38-40. 
 Vienna, Court of, 33, 88, 178, 340, 341. 
 
 proposed Conference at. 341. 
 Villettes, Mr. or Baron. British minister in 
 
 Switzerland, 39-41. 
 Villiers, Col. [Edward], at Sedgemoor, 17. 
 Vipery, in the Carnatic, Hyder Ali's troops 
 
 at, 365. 
 Virginia : 
 
 Governor of, a new, appointed, 128. 
 
 and English exports. 133. 
 Viri, Comte, 88. 
 
 Vyse, Major, aide-de-oampto Lord Bucking- 
 hamshire, 252. 
 
 w 
 
 W., E,. 43. 
 
 Wade : 
 
 General [George], in Flanders, 288, 
 289. 
 
 , his regiment. See Army. 
 
 Nathaniel, confession of. 22, 27. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 437 
 
 Wagstaffe, Moses, 24. 
 
 examination of, 23. 
 Wainwright, Mr., in Ireland, 167. 
 Waite, Thomas, 184, 190, 19(3. 223. 
 
 letters from. 210-218, 221-224, 226, 
 231-234, 237, 238, 244, 260, 261. 
 264 (2). 
 letter to, 171. 
 
 a member of the Council, 244. 
 
 his retirement, 247. 
 
 his illness and death, 266. 
 Walcot [John], of the Irish Parliament. 
 
 193. 
 Waldegrave : 
 
 [James] Ean of, 163. 
 
 Colonel, 173. 
 
 , aide-de-camp of, 318. 
 
 Waldron or Waldern, Belle, 210, 216. 
 Wales : 
 
 [Frederick] Prince of, and Dodington. 
 
 150, 152, 156, 157. 
 
 ■ and his parents, 155, 157. 
 
 , visits the Prince of Orange, 150. 
 
 , his animosity against Walpole, 
 
 157. 
 
 , death of, alluded to, 184. 
 
 — — , as the late Prince, 41. 
 
 , his daughter. See Elizabeth 
 
 Carolina. 
 
 , his salary, 55. 
 
 George, Prince of, afterwards George 
 
 III, 39. 
 
 , his birthday, 211, 212. 
 
 George, Prince of, afterwards 
 
 George IV. See George. 
 Walker, James, 6. 
 
 Walkinshaw. Mrs., the King's mistress, 
 
 letter of, 204. 
 Wall: 
 
 (Wale), General [Richard], Spanish 
 ambassador to England, 177. 
 
 — , Governor of Goree, 356, 357. 
 Wallace, Sir James, ships under command 
 
 of, 75. 
 Walpole : 
 
 Sir Edward, his correspondence with 
 the Duke of Gloucester, 346, 349. 
 
 , and with Lord G. Ger- 
 main, 344, 345, 348. 349. 
 
 , his daughter. See Gloucester, 
 
 Duchess of. 
 
 Mr., Hayes sold to, 108. 
 
 Horace, brother of Sir Robert, and 
 Lady Betty Germain, 157. 
 
 , as " old Horace/' his speech on 
 
 the Saxon Subsidy, 179, 180. 
 
 Horace, son of Sir Robert, letter of , 43. 
 
 , his Chinese Letter, 44. 
 
 Sir Robert, First Lord of the Treasury, 
 letters of, 146, 147. 
 
 , George Dodington's letters in 
 
 relation to, 36, 150, 151, 153, 375 (?). 
 
 , anonymous letter attacking, 375- 
 
 379. 
 
 and preferments in the Irish 
 
 Church, 148. 
 and the Duke of Dorset, 152, 
 
 153, 157. 
 
 Walpole, Sir Robert — cont. 
 
 , the Prince of Wales' animosity 
 
 against, 157. 
 
 — — , Lord G. Sackville compared 
 with, 173. 
 
 , ill-us ige of, by ' ' the writers in 
 
 London," 222. 
 
 and the South Sea Bubble, 376. 
 
 , his <: two weak brothers," 376. 
 
 Robert, envoy at Lisbon, 336,' 343. 
 Walrave. See Brederode, Lord of. 
 Walrond, William, 6. 
 Walsingham : 
 
 Commodore, death of, 75. 
 
 [William de Grey], Lord, 141. 
 Wangenheim. General, in the Allied Army. 
 
 308, 320, 321. 
 Warburton, of Gal way, 194. 
 Ward. Arthur, volunteer, 306. 
 Warde, Mr., 46. 
 
 Wardlaw, William, letters of. 323, 324. 
 Warminster, co. Wilts, 10, 13, 15.' 20. 
 
 Lord Feversham goes to, 21. 
 War Office, the : 
 
 letters dated at, 307, 316. 
 
 place in the gift of, 74. 
 
 Lord Barrington to go to, 101 . 
 
 inconsistent conduct of, 279. 
 Warr, Sir Francis, 3. 
 Warren : 
 
 Major Abel and his son John, 211. 
 
 Sir Peter, in the West Indies, 231. 
 Warwick [George Greville]. Earl of, 323. 
 Washington. General George, 252, 371. 
 
 movements of, 139. 
 Waterford, Countess of, 214. 
 Waterford, news sent to, 136. 
 Waterson : 
 
 Harry, 217. 
 
 Mrs., 217. 
 Watson : 
 
 Admiral, success of, in the East Indies, 
 52. 
 
 [Lewis] , his election for Kent. 42. 
 Webb, Captain Thomas, and John Weslev, 
 384. 
 proposal of, 384. 
 Wedderburn, Alexander, afterwards Lord 
 Loughborough, 45, 117, 126. 129- 
 133, 138. 
 his high character, 120, 122. 
 his marriage, 126. 
 speech of, 127. 
 
 his " dressing " of Dyson, 133. 
 
 member for Hythe, 133. 
 
 his desire for promotion, 141. 
 
 as Solioitor-General, opinion of, 383. 
 Weller, Captain, sen. and jun., 234. 
 Wells, co. Somerset, 27. 
 
 letters dated at, 2, 19. 
 
 Monmouth's army at, or near, 4, 5. 
 Wells, Bishop of. See Bath. 
 Wentworth, General, in Flanders, 287. 
 288. 
 
 Wesel, French camp near, 306. 
 Weser, the river, 85, 308-311. 
 the Lower (Bas Weser), 86. 
 I Wesley, John, letter of, 384. 
 
438 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Westbury, co. Wilts, letter dated at, 10. 
 
 King's forces at, 10, 15. 
 Westenrow, Mr., 222. 
 West Indies, the. See Indies, West. 
 Westminster: 
 
 election, 134. 
 
 Hall, Wilkes' case argued in, 127. 
 School, 40, 41. 
 
 , headmaster of. [Dr. William 
 
 Markham] , 41 . 
 streets, &c, in. See London and 
 Westminster. 
 Weston, near Bridgewater, 16. 
 
 Moor, fight at, 22. 
 Westphalia, 310. 
 
 the French army in, 86. 
 Prince Ferdinand abandons, 309. 
 Wexford, election meeting at, 172. 
 Weymouth [Thomas Thynne], Viscount, 
 70, 72. 
 
 the Post Office offered to. 116, 
 
 [as Secretary of State], 125, 371 (2). 
 
 and Ireland, 247, 253, 255. 259. 
 
 his resignation, 263. 
 Weymouth, co. Dorset : 
 
 executions at, 24. 
 
 letter dated at, 42. 
 Whaley, — , 148. 
 Wharton, Mr., his death, 30. 
 Whateley. Thomas, G. Grenville's secre- 
 tary . 71, 93. 
 
 letters of, 68, 71. 
 Whitcomb or Whetcombe, Dr., Dean 
 Swift's letter, in relation to, 159. 
 
 as Bishop of Down, 186. 
 White, James, allowance to, 217. 
 White Boys, in Ireland, 260. 
 Whitef ord : 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel Charles, recommended 
 for a regiment, 187. 
 
 or Whitefoorde, Lieutenant [John] , 
 318. 
 
 Whitehall. See London. 
 Whitehill, Mr., Governor of Madras, 357. 
 Whiteley or Whitleigh, co. Somerset, hun- 
 dred of, constable of, 12. 
 Whitley, Colonel, promotion of, 306. 
 Wicklow, 260. 
 
 letter dated at. 271. 
 Wight, Isle of, 249, 293. 
 
 letter dated from ; 296. 
 Wightman, Lieutenant. 74. 
 Wilcox and Dawson. Dublin bankers, 238. 
 Wildman. Major [John], 23. 
 Wilkes, John, 134. 
 
 the trials concerning, 92. 
 
 his outlawry reversed, 127. 
 
 as Lord Mayor of London, speech of, 
 137. 
 
 Wilkinson or Wilkins, Mr., midshipman, 
 
 captured by the French, 370. 
 Willey, Mr., captured by the French, 370. 
 William Henry, Duke of Clarence, chris- 
 tening of, 102. 
 Williams : 
 
 Captain [Griffith], 318. 
 Mr., steward to the Duke of Mon- 
 mouth, 24. 
 
 Williamson : 
 
 Mr., Treasurer of Christ Church. 
 
 Dublin. 166. 
 Mr., libels published by, 211. 
 Wills, bill for attestation of, 181. 
 Wilmington (Sir Spencer Coinpton). Earl 
 of, letter of, 147. 
 letter to, 36. 
 
 i; under quarantine'* at court, 150. 
 and Mr. Dodingtom 36, 152, 156, 157- 
 as Lord President of the Council, 158. 
 181. 
 
 his death, 37, 283. 
 
 as the late Lord. 380. 
 Wilmot, Sir Robert, 197, 217- 
 
 letters of, 43, 213. 
 
 brother of, 43. 
 Wilson : 
 
 Captain, 283, 318. 
 
 Lieut-Colonel, court martial on, 215. 
 218. 
 
 Wiltshire Militia, 3, 11. And see Pem- 
 broke, Lord, forces of. 
 Wimbledon, Mrs. Pitt's house near, 125. 
 Winchester, 22. 
 
 Winchilsea [Daniel Finch], Earl of, his 
 retirement, 113. 
 report that he is to be Lord Lieu- 
 tenant, 214. 
 Winde, Lieut. -William, of the Royal 
 
 Regiment of Horse, at Seclgemoor, 18. 
 Windham, Col. [Sir Charles], 13. 
 
 at Sedgemoor, 18. 
 Windows, tax on. 119. 
 Windsor [Other Hickman Windsor], Lord. 
 
 son of the Earl of Plymouth, 181. 
 Windsor, the King and Queen at, 144. 
 Wines : 
 
 Dr. Stone's criticisms on various, 170. 
 Burgundy, Champagne, Claret, 170, 
 171. 
 
 Withyam [? Witham in Essex] , 48. 
 
 Witzlar, an Imperial City, 322. 
 
 Woburn or Wobourne Abbey, co. Bedford. 
 
 62, 68, 69, 97, 116. 
 Wolfe, Col. James, 54. 
 
 in America, goes up the St. Lawrence, 
 56. 
 
 Wood, Sir James, in oommand of the 
 
 Scotch Dutch Brigade. 383. 
 Woodfall, Will., and Cumberland's play. 
 
 343. 
 
 Woodward, Dr. [Richard] .Dean of Clogher, 
 proposed as Bishop of Cloyne, 271, 272. 
 Wool: 
 
 combing and spinning of, 257, 258. 
 
 smuggling of. 245. 
 
 trade, the, 192, 257. 
 Worms, letters dated at. 283, 284. 
 Wotton, co. Bucks, 68, 69. 
 
 letter dated at, 71. 
 Wraxall [Nathaniel], 342. 
 
 his inflammatory speech, 341, 342. 
 
 contemptible conduct of, 341. 
 Wray, Mr., " the patriot sheriff of Dub- 
 lin," death of, 222. 
 Wright, James, seoretary to General Moa- 
 tvn. 371. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 439 
 
 Wunnenberg, French camp near, 307. 
 Wiirzburg or Wurtzbourg, militia regiment 
 of, 304. 
 
 Wyatt,Zachary, captain under the Duke of 
 
 Monmouth, 25, 26. 
 Wynne : 
 
 Owen, Right Honourable, M.P., 258. 
 Owen, of county Sligo, 188. 
 Sir Thomas, and the Board of Green 
 Cloth, 282. 
 
 Y 
 
 Yarmouth, Lady, conversation with, 179. 
 Yelverton, Mr., of the Irish Parliament, 
 262, 268. 
 
 York, Duke of [Edward Augustus, brother 
 of George III.], and Parliament, 111. 
 112. 
 
 York, meeting at and petition from, 129. 
 
 Yorke : 
 
 Hon. Charles, Solicitor-General, report 
 by, 317. 
 
 , his expected promotion, 96, 98, 
 
 101. 
 
 and Sir F. Norton, 101, 110. 
 
 , as Attorney-General, 58, 107, 
 
 110. 
 John, 333. 
 Sir Joseph, 79. 
 Yorkshire : 
 
 merchants, and the Irish wool trade , 
 
 257. 
 militia, 56. 
 
 election matters in, 197, 198. 
 Young, Sir Walter, 23. 
 Ypres, the King of France going to, 289. 
 
 z 
 
 Zenswieff, M. de, 340. 
 
 CORRIGENDA. 
 
 Page 41, line 15, after Westminster School, insert [Dr. William Markham] 
 ,, 183, line 20, for proceeding read preceding. 
 
 ., bottom line but one, for to act read no act. 
 „ 312, top line, for XIII. read XII. 
 
i 
 
 CIRCULAR OF THE COMMISSION. 
 
 HISTOBICAL MANUSCKIPTS COMMISSION. 
 
 Public Record Office, 
 
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 His Majesty the King has been pleased to ratify and 
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11 
 
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iii 
 
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 1876 
 
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 1895.) 
 
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 1895.) 
 
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 1881 
 
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 1881 
 
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 1881 
 
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 [C. 3040 
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 Part III. 
 
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 1590-1594. - 
 
 
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 1594-1596. - 
 
 
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 1597. 
 
 
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 1599. 
 
 
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 f'cap 
 
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 i.l 
 
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 8vo. 
 
 [C.5242] 
 
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 vi.] 
 
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 i. ] 
 
 [C.5060 
 
 ii. ] 
 
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 iii. ] 
 
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 iv. ] 
 
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 v. ] 
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 [C.5889 
 i-] 
 
 [C.5614] 
 
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 iii. ] 
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 iv. ] 
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 i.] 
 
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vii 
 
 Date. 
 
 
 Size. ' 
 
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 Price. 
 
 1891 
 
 (10.) Appendix ...... 
 
 The First Earl of Charlemont. Vol. I. 
 
 8vo. 
 
 C 6338 
 ii.] 
 
 $. d. 
 1 11 
 
 1892 
 1891 
 
 Thirteenth Report 
 
 This is introductory to the following : — 
 
 (1.) Appendix 
 
 Duke of Portland. Vol. I. 
 
 
 [C.6827] 
 [C.6474] 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 
 (2.) Appendix and Index. 
 
 Ditto. Vol. II. 
 
 
 [C. 6827 
 [C.6660] 
 
 2 
 
 1892 
 
 (3.) Appendix. 
 
 J. B. Fortescue, Esq., of Dropmore. 
 Vol. I. 
 
 
 2 7 
 
 1892 
 
 (4.) Appendix and Index .... 
 Corporations of Rye, Hastings, and 
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 J. Dovaston, Esqs., Sir T. B. Len- 
 nard, Bart., Rev. W. D. Macray, and 
 Earl of Dartmouth (Supplementary 
 Report). 
 
 
 [C.6810J 
 
 2 4 
 
 1892 
 
 (5.) Appendix and Index. 
 
 House of Lords, 1690-1691 - 
 
 >> 
 
 [C.6822] 
 
 2 4 
 
 1893 
 1893 
 
 (6.) Appendix and Index. 
 
 Sir W. Fitzherbert, Bart. ; The Delaval 
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 (7.) Appendix and Index. 
 
 Earl of Lonsdale 
 
 " 
 
 [C.7166] 
 [C.7241] 
 
 1 4 
 1 3 
 
 1893 
 
 (8.) Appendix and Index. 
 
 The First Earl of Charlemont. Vol. II. 
 
 
 [C.7424] 
 
 1 11 
 
 1896 
 1894 
 1894 
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 1894 
 
 Fourteenth Report - ... 
 
 This is introductory to the following :— 
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 Duke of Rutland, G.C.B. Vol. III. - 
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 Duke of Roxburghe; Sir H. H. 
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 (4.) Appendix and Index. 
 
 Lord Kenyon 
 
 55 
 
 [C.7983] 
 
 [C.7476] 
 [C.7569] 
 [C.7570] 
 
 [C.7571] 
 
 3 
 
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 2 8 
 
 1 2 
 
 2 10 
 
 1896 
 
 (5.) Appendix. 
 
 J. B. Fortescue, Esq., of Dropmore. 
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 [C.7572] 
 
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 1895 
 
 (6.) Appendix and Index. 
 
 House of Lords, 1692-1693 - 
 
 (Manuscripts of the House of Lords, 
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 Ditto. 1695-1697. Vol. II. See H.L. 
 No. 18. 1903. Price 2/9. 
 
 
 [C.7573] 
 
 1 11 
 
 1895 
 
 (7 ) Appendix. 
 
 Marquis of Ormonde - - 
 
 »; 
 
 [C.7678] 
 
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Vlll 
 
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 Size. 
 
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 1895 
 
 (8.) Appendix and Index. 
 
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 8vo. 
 
 [C.7881] 
 
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 5 
 
 1896 
 
 (9.) Appendix and Index. 
 
 Earl of Buckinghamshire ; Earl of 
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 Round, Esq., M.P. 
 
 » 
 
 [C.7882] 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 1895 
 
 (10.) Appendix and Index. 
 
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 [_C788o J 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 1899 
 
 Fifteenth Report ----- 
 This is introductory to the following : — 
 
 
 [C.9295] 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 1896 
 
 (1.) Appendix and Index. 
 
 Earl of Dartmouth. Vol. III. - 
 
 >> 
 
 [C.8156] 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 1897 
 
 (2.) Appendix. 
 
 J. Eliot Hodgkin, Esq. 
 
 5 ) 
 
 [C.8327] 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 1897 
 
 (3.) Appendix and Index. 
 
 Charles Haliday, Esq., of Dublin ; 
 Adts of the Privy Council in Ireland, 
 1556-1571 ; Sir William Ussher's 
 Table to the Council Book ; Table 
 to the Red Council Book. 
 
 
 [C.8364] 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 1897 
 
 (4.) Appendix. 
 
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 » 
 
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 2 
 
 11 
 
 1897 
 
 (5.) Appendix and Index. 
 
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 1897 
 
 (6.) Appendix and Index. 
 
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 ? 1 
 
 [C.8551] 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 1897 
 
 (7.) Appendix and Index. 
 
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 \ » 
 
 [C.8552] 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 1897 
 
 (8.) Appendix and Index. 
 
 Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry, 
 at Drumlanrig. 
 
 ,, 
 
 [C.8553] 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 1897 
 
 (9.) Appendix and Index. 
 
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 >> 
 
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 1 
 
 
 
 1899 
 
 (10.) Shrewsbury and Coventry Corporations ; 
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 1898 
 
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 1899 
 1902 
 
 1903 
 1899 
 
 1899 
 
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 of Peniarth. 
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 TCilkpnnv Cn^tfp Vol TT 
 
 
 [C.9468] 
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 [C.9245] 
 
 2 
 1 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 7 
 
 
 
 1899 
 
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 2 
 
 9 
 
 
 JL'lluU O . IVl. JricdilillvUbc, XLibiJ. 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 1 8QQ 
 
 LOW 
 
 jJiito j. tj. xfoiiescue, Jcjsq. voi. i±i. 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 1899 
 
 J f f /-y W TiOTTnAVTID P AVI n Q >T1 TT, Cfl 
 
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 1 
 
 6 
 
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 [Cd.282] 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1900 
 
 Ditto Lord Montagu of Beaulieu 
 
 
 [Cd.283] 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1900 
 
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 >> 
 
 [Cd.284] 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1901 
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 Ditto Duke of Portland, K.G. Vol. VI., 
 
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 [Cd.676] 
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