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 ( 
 
 I 
 
Λ 
 
 / Y Æ J X' 
 
 REMARKS 
 
 ON SOME 
 
 EGYPTIAN MONUMENTS 
 
 IN ENGLAND. 
 
 BY THE BIGHT HON. C. YORKE AND W. MARTIN LEAKE, ESQ. 
 

 
 
REMARKS, &c. 
 
 Whatever doubts may be entertained on the nature and degree of the 
 phonetic powers of Egyptian hieroglyphics, it may now be presumed that 
 they do exist to a certain extent. By means of the Greek inscriptions on 
 the Rosetta stone, and other Egyptian monuments,—by the persevering in¬ 
 quiries of Dr. Young, leading to discoveries which have been corroborated 
 and extended by the researches of Mr. Bankes and Mr. Salt in Egypt, and 
 by those of M. Champollion in Europe, the fact itself has not only been 
 clearly ascertained, but the hieroglyphical representations of the names of 
 several Egyptian, Greek, and Roman sovereigns have been identified, as 
 well as the titles and attributes of some of the deities of Egypt, together 
 with several of the symbols relating to the worship of the gods, or to the 
 reverence of the Egyptians for their rulers. 
 
 It will scarcely be denied that these discoveries, if pursued with judgment 
 and perseverance, afford a prospect of throwing much new light upon 
 Egyptian history, a subject on which neither the Greeks ^'or the Romans 
 possessed any extensive or accurate information, but to which every new 
 proof of wealth, power, and civilization, afforded by the existing remains of 
 Egyptian antiquity, gives additional importance, This interest is still farther 
 heightened by the consideration that ancient Egypt is frequently referred to 
 in the sacred Scriptures, particularly in the Books of Moses ; and that the 
 sojourning of the Israelites in that country was probably contemporaneous 
 with the same Thebaic dynasty of kings, in whose time it is now evident 
 that the arts as well as the political power of Egypt were in their meridian. 
 
 In following these inquiries, one of the chief requisites is the study of the 
 Coptic,—a language hitherto little noticed by the learned, except in so far as 
 
 A 
 
2 On some Egyptian Monuments in England, &;c. 
 
 it might assist in the furtherance of biblical criticism. 1 Strong reasons occur 
 for supposing that the ancient Egyptian language forms the principal sub¬ 
 stance of the Coptic. It is believed that many Coptic Mss. are to be found 
 in the libraries of Europe ; and as on the other hand the collections of Papyri, 
 to which every day is adding new stores, offer numerous writings in the 
 ancient language of Egypt, copious materials are thus afforded to an investi¬ 
 gation, the successful result of which would be one of the most important 
 acquisitions to literature that can well be imagined. 
 
 No opportunity should, at the same time, be lost of procuring and pub¬ 
 lishing hieroglyphical inscriptions, every possible care being taken to render 
 the copies accurate in the minutest details. It cannot be questioned that 
 the difficulty of studying hieroglyphics and the slow progress that has 
 hitherto been made in their explanation, has in great measure been caused 
 by a want of accuracy in our copies of them. It was very natural that 
 travellers should have been negligent in regard to figures, of which there 
 was little expectation of ever understanding the meaning. Since some 
 light has been thrown upon them, however, more correct copies have been 
 obtained ; and it is hoped that every possible attention will in future 
 be paid to that which is so essential to the progress of this interesting 
 inquiry. 
 
 It was with a view to the objects just stated that the Royal Society of 
 Literature decided upon continuing the publication of Dr. Young’s selection 
 of hieroglyphics. It is partly with a similar view, and partly in the hope of 
 attracting some attention towards the Egyptian antiquities in England, and 
 of throwing some light on the history of Egyptian art, that two of the 
 members of the Royal Society of Literature have now the honor of pre¬ 
 senting to the Society sketches (by Mr. Scharf) of some of the most 
 remarkable of those monuments, the greater part of which are in the British 
 Museum. 
 
 In conformity with the principal object just stated, the specimens have 
 been selected in consequence of their bearing among the hieroglyphical 
 characters inscribed on them some of those shields or linear inclosures, which 
 have been ascertained to contain the titular or proper name of the sovereign 
 
 1 The learned Jablonski must be excepted, although it is to be regretted that he devoted him¬ 
 self too much to etymological researches. 
 
On some Egyptian Monuments in England, 8$c. 3 
 
 to whom the monument in some manner relates. We have annexed copies 
 of the shields to the drawings of the monuments on which they are in¬ 
 scribed, and we have ventured to add an explanation of the names founded 
 upon the system of Monsieur Champollion and Mr. Salt, not as presuming 
 to decide upon the complete accuracy of that system, which may perhaps 
 be considered premature, in the extent to which it has been carried, but 
 rather with the view of eliciting the speculations and acuteness of those 
 who possess more learning and ingenuity than ourselves. 
 
 C. Y. 
 
 W. M. L. 
 
4 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
 
 PLATE I. 
 
 Fig. 1. is from a statue of Thebaic granite in Mr. Salts collection 
 (purchased by the British Museum) and was found at Karnak. It is broken 
 into three pieces, but might easily be reunited : one arm and the lower half 
 of the legs are wanting. From the shields on the shoulders it appears to 
 be a statue of Rameses-Sethos, the first king of the nineteenth dynasty of 
 Manetho, 1 (the Sesostris of the Greeks) who may be called the “ Parietaria” 1 
 of Egypt, as Trajan was of the Romans. 
 
 1 Catalogue of the Eighteenth Egyptian Dynasty, as arranged by M. De Champollion 
 Figeac. Vide V re Lettre au Duc De Blacas D'Aulps, p. 107. Notice Chronologique. 
 
 
 Names of Kings from the 
 Monuments. 
 
 Names of Kings according to 
 Manetho, &c. 
 
 Length of 
 Reigns. 
 
 Years be¬ 
 fore Christ, 
 Julian style. 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 Y. M. 
 
 
 1 
 
 Amenof-tep 
 
 Thothmosis, (son of Miphra 
 Thothmosis) 
 
 30 7 
 
 1822 
 
 2 
 
 Thothmosis I. 
 
 Chebron, (his son) 
 
 13 
 
 1791 
 
 3 
 
 Am ûn-mai 
 
 Amenophis I. 
 
 20 7 
 
 1778 
 
 4 
 
 Amenset 
 
 Amenses, (his sister) 
 
 21 9 
 
 1757 
 
 5 
 
 Thothmosis II. 
 
 Miphres (Mceris) 
 
 12 9 
 
 1736 
 
 6 
 
 Amenophis I. 
 
 Miphra-Thothmosis, (his son) 
 
 25 10 
 
 1723 
 
 7 
 
 Thothmosis III. 
 
 Thothmosis, (his son) 
 
 9 8 
 
 1697 
 
 8 
 
 Amenophis II. 
 
 Hôr. 
 
 Amenophis (Memnon) 
 
 30 5 
 
 1687 
 
 9 
 
 Horus, (his son) 
 
 38 7 
 
 1657 
 
 10 
 
 Tmauhmot 
 
 Acencherses, (his daughter) 
 
 12 1 
 
 1618 
 
 11 
 
 Rameses I. 
 
 Rathotis, (her brother) 
 
 9 
 
 1606 
 
 12 
 
 Ousirei 
 
 Achencheres, (his son) 
 
 12 5 
 
 1597 
 
 13 
 
 Mandouei 
 
 Achencheres, (his brother) 
 
 20 3 
 
 1585 
 
 14 
 
 Rameses II. 
 
 Armais, (his son) 
 
 4 1 
 
 1565 
 
 15 
 
 Rameses III. 
 
 Rameses, (his son) 
 
 1 4 
 
 1561 
 
 16 
 
 Rameses-Meiamoun 
 
 Rameses-Meiamoun, (his son) 
 
 66 2 
 
 1559 
 
 17 
 
 Rameses V. 
 
 Amenophis Rameses, (his son) 
 
 19 6 
 
 348 7 
 
 1493 
 
 Nineteenth Dynasty. 
 
 1 
 
 jRameses VI. (son of 
 J Rameses V.) 
 
 Rameses-Sethos (Sesostris) 
 
 55 
 
 1473 
 
 2 Aur. Victor, Epit. c. 60. Ammian. Marcellin, lib. xxvii. 
 
On some Egyptian Monuments in England, 8$c. 
 
 5 
 
 a. b. are the prenomen and name of Amun-mai Rameses. 
 c. d. appear to contain the title and name of a king “ Cnoub ” or Cnoubis. 
 (See the twelfth name in Catalog, of Eratosthenes, and PL vn. Fig. 16. 
 No. 5 and 6.) 
 
 The position of these last two shields on the breast of the statue as if 
 depending from a necklace, is not common. 
 
 Fig. 2. Fragment from.; r 
 
 it is inscribed with the title and name of Rameses-Sethos (Sesostris). One of 
 the reliefs represents this king seated, wearing the royal cap, with which 
 he generally appears, and which is supposed to be the insigne of the 
 monarchy of Upper Egypt. 
 
 Fig. 3. Fragment from. 
 
 The upper of the two shields inscribed on it appears to contain the name of 
 Amun-mai Osorkon, second king of the twenty-second dynasty of Manetho. 
 The other is unknown. 
 
 PLATE II. 
 
 Fig. 4. This magnificent and unique statue of black granite, perfect, 
 except in a small fracture on the chin, is from Mr. Salt’s collection, pur¬ 
 chased for the British Museum. It was dug out of the ruins of a temple 
 immediately behind the vocal Colossus of Amenophis (Memnon), and is evi¬ 
 dently a representation of the same king. His title and name are sculp¬ 
 tured on each side of the seat and on the agraffe of his cincture ; these 
 names are exactly similar to those on the Colossus. 
 
 PL ii. Lis .—Queen Taia, wife of Amenophis (Memnon), from a scarabæus 
 of pebble in the collection of the Earl of Mountnorris. The drawing is 
 magnified rather more than three times the original. 
 
 PLATE III. 
 
 Fig. 5. This is a perfect statue of the lion-headed goddess (Neith, or 
 
 1 We have endeavoured to ascertain the exact locality in which each of the monuments was 
 found : but the papers which accompanied them to England are too incomplete to admit of this 
 very desirable object for the present. It is believed, however, that the greater part (if not all) 
 the monuments, of which the original places are here left in blank, were brought from Thebes. 
 
 B 
 
6 
 
 On some Egyptian Monuments in England, 8$c. 
 
 Muth) from.On each side of the seat are inscribed the titles 
 
 and names of “ Amun-mai Sheshenk,” (Shishak of the Scriptures) first king 
 of the twenty-second dynasty, the Sesonchis of the Greeks. See the ex¬ 
 tracts from letters of M. Champollion in the Appendix. 
 
 Fig. 6. This is one of the most perfect and beautiful of the statues brought 
 from Egypt. It was procured by Mr. Salt from the ruins of Karnak. It is 
 evidently a statue of the same king, who is represented by the Colossus, 
 now in the Royal Museum at Turin, upon which M. de S. Quintino, keeper 
 of the Museum, has published a very elaborate and interesting memoir,' 
 endeavouring to prove that it is the statue of the Osymanduas of Diodorus. 
 The identity of the two personages represented by these statues is proved 
 by the shields containing the title and name * which are precisely the same 
 in every particular, and it is no less proved by the leading character in the 
 name (the symbol of the Deity from whom the name is derived) having been 
 Gainfully erased from every one of the shields containing it, as well as (ac¬ 
 cording to authentic information) from many of the shields introduced into 
 the ornamental sculptures of the hall or chamber where Mr. Salt’s statue was 
 found. Hence it happens that the figure of the Deity cannot be identified 
 either on this statue or on that of Turin, except that it seems to have been 
 a sitting figure ; other shields, however, exactly similar in other respects, 
 have been discovered in various places, in which the figure is ascertained 
 to be that of the Deity Mandoui or Mandouri (a form of Phre). We may 
 venture, therefore, to call this sovereign Mandouei, or Mandourei, and the 
 name may be read Mandouei-men-Phtha ; a different prince from him who is 
 supposed to have been the brother and successor of the Osirei of Belzoni’s 
 tomb ; and who ranks as the thirteenth king of the eighteenth dynasty, ac¬ 
 cording to Champollion’s list (the Achencheres II. of Manetho). On re¬ 
 ference to the shields containing the titles and name of the latter, 5 (in 
 Champollion, Salt, S. Quintino, &c.) the distinctions will become obvious. 
 
 It would be difficult to give a satisfactory explanation of the pains that 
 have been taken to erase the principal character forming the name of this 
 prince, in so many instances. Was it done by the priests, because the king 
 
 1 Lezione Archeologiche del Cavalier Giulio di San Quintino, &c. Torino, 1825. See in PI. 
 xv. c. a sketch of this statue taken from S. Quintino. 
 
 1 On both statues the title and name are repeated six times. 
 
 3 See PI. xv.X'// 
 
7 
 
 On some Egyptian Monuments in England, Sçc. 
 
 was unpopular ? and can it then be the great Osymanduas ? Mandouei may 
 indeed be the Greek Mandyas, but there are no signs corresponding with 
 the title Osh (Great) whence 0<ru in Greek; see S. Quintino, and particu¬ 
 larly in PI. xv. c. the name of the sacred scribe Osh-Mandou in phonetic 
 hieroglyphics, alluded to by him. 
 
 Fig. 7. A fragment from.inscribed with the usual 
 
 title or prenomen of Amenophis-Memnon. 
 
 PLATE IV. 
 
 Fig. 8. This is a beautiful fragment from Mr. Salt’s collection, brought 
 
 from.The shields contain the title and name of an 
 
 ancient king unknown. It is remarkable that the characters supposed to 
 contain the name (being under the Goose and Circle signifying Son of the 
 Sun,) are exactly similar to those stated to form the prenomen or title of 
 Psammetichus the Second. It is not improbable, therefore, that it may 
 belong to some prince of the Saitic dynasty. 
 
 Fig. 9. Fragment of a statue from Mr. Salt’s collection from Thebes. 
 
 The title and name are those of Amenophis-Memnon. 
 
 Fig. 10. Fragment of another statue from the same collection, of the 
 same king, with the same title and name. 
 
 Fig. 11. This is a fine fragment from the same collection, inscribed with 
 the titles and name of Rameses-Sethos (Sesostris the Great). 
 
 PLATE V. 
 
 Fig. 12. A fragment from the same collection, brought from ..... 
 representing the youthful king Horus supported by the Deity Mendes (Amûn- 
 Generator). The shields, which are quite perfect, contain the usual title and 
 name of this king, who was the son and successor of Amenophis-Memnon, 
 and the ninth king of the eighteenth dynasty. Vide Manetho, Champol- 
 lion, &c. 
 
 Fig. 13. This large fragment from the same collection may be considered 
 highly curious, as the shields containing the title and name of the king are 
 very similar to those on the Brescia sarcophagus, called “ the Tomb of 
 Alexander as well as to those on the two small obelisks of black basalt 
 
8 
 
 On some Egyptian Monuments in England, 8$c. 
 
 in the British Museum, and also to those sculptured over the head of the 
 hero (probably the royal founder) of the Temple of Amun in the Oasis (vide 
 Minutoli Tempel von Amun Atlas PL xxiii., &c.). The characters are often 
 indistinct, but they seem to contain the name of A. K. HoR. (Achoris?) or 
 U. K. HoR. (Uchoreus the founder of Memphis?). See Diodorus. 
 
 Fig. 14. A very beautiful fragment from the collection of Lord Belmore. 
 It is the lower half of a queen habited like Neith or Muth, in the plumage 
 of the sacred vulture, seated in what appears to be a boat : on the shield the 
 character of the sacred vulture with the female emblems is twice repeated, 
 and probably confers the name hitherto unknown. (Quære Nitocris or 
 Thermuthis?) 
 
 PLATE VI. 
 
 Fig. 15. The magnificent sarcophagus from Alexandria (called Alex¬ 
 ander’s). 
 
 Among its multifarious ornaments, the shields containing the title and 
 name of the king for whom it was destined, are copiously scattered. These 
 have been alluded to before, and seem to authorise the supposition that it 
 belonged to A. K. HoR. (Achoris?) or U. K. HoR. (Uchoreus?) Should 
 they prove similar to those on the ruins of the Temple of Ammon, the cir¬ 
 cumstance would be highly interesting. 
 
 PLATE VII. 
 
 Fig. 16. This is a perfect column of granite in three pieces (easily to be 
 reunited) from Mr. Salt’s collection, brought from a house at Cairo, and 
 probably first from the ruins of Memphis. It is covered with shields con¬ 
 taining titles and names of ancient kings. At first sight, hopes were enter¬ 
 tained that it might prove a monument similar to the tablet of Abydus, but 
 we have been unable to distinguish more than six distinct shields in the seven 
 circles of scrolls which surround it. Two of them, (a) and (c), are not unlike 
 the prenomen of Rameses-Sethos (Sesostris), but they are not the same ; (d) 
 is similar to one found among the tombs of the kings, and might possibly be 
 read Amun-Re-Mai “ Tamur” (Thamyris?), (e) (f) are the same as those 
 mentioned in PL i. Fig. i. and appear to be the titles and name of a king 
 Cnoub (Cnoubis ?). 
 
On some Egyptian Monuments in England, 8$c. 
 
 9 
 
 Fig. 17. One of the small obelisks of black basalt brought from Alex¬ 
 andria, mentioned in Description de L’Egypte, Antiquités, Vol. v. PL xxi. 
 The title and name of the king have already been alluded to, as being similar 
 to those sculptured on the Brescia sarcophagus, and on the ruins of the 
 Temple of Ammon ; except that the head-dress of the sitting Deity is more 
 like that of Gom, (Hercules) than to that of Athur (Venus). 
 
 PLATE VIII. 
 
 Fig. 18. Statue of the lion-headed goddess (Neith or Math) from 
 . . . It is inscribed with the title and name of Amenophis-Memnon, 
 
 and was probably dedicated by that monarch. 
 
 Fig. 19. The sarcophagus from Boulac, mentioned in Description de 
 L’Egypte, Antiquités, Vol. v. PL xxm. On the only shield which is legible, 
 is the title or name of a king unknown : from the characters of the owl, a 
 type of Neith (Athena), it is probably the name of one of the Saitic dynasty. 
 
 Fig. 20. This fragment has the name of Amenophis, (Amenoph-tep) with 
 that of his queen Pooh-mes (or Aah-mes) Nané- Atari, which almost always 
 accompanies the name of that king.* 
 
 Fig. 21. This altar or base is inscribed with the title (prenomen) of 
 Amenoph-tep. Vide Tablet of Abydus, Champollion, Salt, &c. 
 
 Fig. 22. Fragment inscribed with the title and name of Amenoph-tep : 
 on the relief his queen is sitting by him. 
 
 Fig. 23. Fragment inscribed with the name of Amun-mai Rarneses. 
 (Qu. Rarneses II.?). 
 
 PLATE IX. 
 
 Fig. 24. A perfect group of three figures in calcareous sand-stone 
 coloured, from Mr. Salt’s collection. On the plinth is inscribed the title or 
 prenomen of Amenophis I. of Champollion. 
 
 1 See in PI. xvi. a remarkable representation of a sacrifice of incense performed by a king 
 to his deified ancestors. By the shields it appears to be an oblation made by Ptha-men Man- 
 douei, thirteenth king of the eighteenth dynasty, to Amenophis or Amenophtep, first king of the 
 same dynasty, and to his queen Atari. The sketch is taken from M. de S. Quintino, 
 
10 
 
 On some Egyptian Monuments in England, 8$c. 
 
 Fig. 25. A monument of red granite, brought from Karnak by Mr. Salt. 
 It appears to be part of an altar, surrounded by six full-length figures, 
 hand-in-hand, in high relief, which on examination are the reduplication of 
 those of a king placed between the Deities Athur (Venus) and Mandouri. 
 Above the king is a perfect shield containing the title of Thothmosis (Mceris.)* 
 This is among the finest and most curious relics brought from Thebes. 
 
 PLATE X. 
 
 Fig. 26. Appears to have been an altar. It is inscribed with a repetition 
 of two shields containing the title and name of an ancient king. The name 
 has been purposely erased in both instances. The title is apparently the 
 same as one in the Tablet of Abydus. See the frontispiece of Mr. Salt’s 
 book, shield fifth of first line. 
 
 Fig. 27 and 28. Fragments of a beautiful frieze in black basalt, brought 
 from Alexandria. Fig. 28 is inscribed with the title and name of Psamme- 
 tichus II. Those of Fig. 27 are not easily deciphered, but probably belong 
 to one of the S ai tic dynasty. It does not seem to be Necho, but is some¬ 
 what similar to that name. The true title and name of Necho are given by 
 Salt, PI. IV. Fig. 29. 
 
 PLATE XI. 
 
 Fig. 29. A lustral vessel from.inscribed with the title 
 
 and name of Rameses-Sethos (Sesostris). 
 
 Fig. 30. A fragment inscribed with five shields ; the upper one appears 
 to be a Rameses. The two lower ones are queens unknown. 
 
 Fig. 31. A small tablet grouped with five figures in relief : above the king 
 are the title and name of Amenoph-tep, and behind the female is the name 
 of his queen Pooh-mes (or Aah-mes) Nané- Atari. 
 
 Fig. 32. Fragment with three figures in relief. Above one of them are 
 the titles and name of a Rameses, but varied from any of the above. 
 
 Fig. 33. Fragment inscribed with two titles and names, which seem to be 
 those of Rameses-Meiamoun and Sesostris, varied in some degree from the 
 usual sculptures. 
 
 Fig. 34. Tablet with three figures, a king adoring Mars? and Phre. 
 
On some Egyptian Monuments in England, 8$c. 
 
 11 
 
 Above him are shields inscribed with the name of Kaisar-Beeres ? (Quære 
 Verus, or Severus?). 
 
 Fig. 35. Tablet with two figures. Shield, &c. unknown. 
 
 Fig. 36. Tablet inscribed with the name of a queen unknown. 1 
 
 Fig. 36. bis. The upper half of a statue of Sesostris, or Rameses the Great. 
 It was found in the island of Elephantine, (the upper extremity of the royal 
 cap only being then above the soil) by Mr. Hamilton and Col. Leake, who 
 brought it to England. On the right shoulder is the prenomen, and on the 
 left the name of the monarch. Compare Fig. 1, 2, 29. 
 
 PLATE XII. 
 
 Fig. 37. The base of a statue with part of its feet, of black basalt. 
 The hieroglyphic inscription in front of the right foot contains a shield in¬ 
 scribed with a title which is followed by the name of a Psammetichus, 
 not included within the usual oval or shield. The final K of the name 
 PSAMTK is wanting, the margin of the stone being injured. 
 
 PLATE XIII. 
 
 Fig. 38. A beautiful Torso of black basalt : on the agraffe of the cincture 
 are the title and name of Psammetichus I. This monument, as well as the 
 preceding, were brought from Sais by the late Dr. Clarke, who presented 
 them to the Public Library at Cambridge. They are now deposited in the 
 vestibule of that building. 
 
 PLATE XIV. 
 
 Fig. 39. This drawing represents a very interesting monument now de¬ 
 posited in the Museum of the University of Cambridge, to which it was 
 presented by Mr. Belzoni, who extracted it from one of the royal sepulchres 
 at Thebes. Among the hieroglyphics which surround the border, are the 
 shields containing the well-known title and name of Rameses-Meiamoun, 
 
 1 This and the two following are from sketches by Mr. Harraden. 
 
12 
 
 On some Egyptian Monuments in England, Sçc. 
 
 whence it appears that the monument was the cover of the sarcophagus 
 of that monarch, with his image represented upon it. The countenance of 
 the king, which is perfect (though not quite done justice to by the artist as 
 to beauty and expression), is similar to that represented on the numerous 
 sculptures which ornament the tomb, and some of which are given in the 
 Description de l’Egypte. It is with much satisfaction that an opportunity 
 has been afforded by the kind attention of the Rev. G. A. Browne, of 
 Trin. Coll. Camb. of subjoining in the Appendix extracts of two letters 
 addressed to him byM. Champollion upon the subject of this sculpture. It 
 appears that in the eârly part of 1823, a communication was made from 
 Cambridge to M. Champollion accompanied by a drawing of the object, 
 requesting his opinion upon it ; and it happened fortunately that the same 
 artist was employed on that occasion as upon the present. 
 
 Plates xvii, xvm, xix, contain the names of Egyptian kings, which, by 
 the favour of Lieutenant Henry Lewis, of the Royal Navy, lately returned 
 from Egypt, we have been permitted to select from a great number of shields 
 copied by him. They contain several of the names already referred to, 
 together with some others, which appear to be not less interesting. 
 
 No. 
 
 1. Amenophis I. of Champoilion, from an excavated rock below Ibrim. 
 
 2. Title (prenomen) of Thothmosis II. (Moeris), from Gournou. 
 
 2 a. Name of the same, from the granite gateway there. 
 
 3. Title and name of the same, from Medinet-Habou. 
 
 4. Amenophis II. (Memnon), from the vocal Colossus at Thebes. 
 
 5. Taia, (of Champollion) his queen ; from the same statue. [The name of a queen with a title 
 
 or prenomen is rare.] 
 
 6. Horus, son of Memnon; from the catacombs of Hadjar-Silsili. 
 
 7. a. b. c. d. four shields of Amenoph- Memnon and his son Horus intermixed ; from a column 
 
 at Luxor. 
 
 8. Osirei, from Belzoni’s tomb in the Biban al Molouk 
 U. Another Mandouei, (quære Osymanduas of S. Quin*tino) from one of the tombs. [Mr. Lewis 
 
 thinks the character of the Deity forming the name is uncertain.] It is unknown when 
 this king reigned. 
 
 10. llameses II. of Champollion (Hor-mai or Armais ?), from over the head of the king at El - 
 Ebek. 
 
 10«. Mandouei, (brother of Osirei ?) from over the head of the king at El-Ebek. 
 
 106. The same, from the Great Hall at Carnac. 
 
 
 
 . ■/>/ J . / 
 
On some Egyptian Monuments in England, 8$c. 
 
 13 
 
 11 a. Rameses-Meiamoun, from the abacus of a column at El-Ebek. 
 
 11δ. The same over the head of the hero at Medinet-Habou. 
 
 11c. The same from his tomb at Biban El-Molouk. 
 
 12 a. Rameses-Sethos (Sesostris), from the shoulders and agraffe of the fallen Colossus at Metra- 
 henny (Memphis). 
 
 12 b. The same, from the shoulders of the great fallen Colossus of the Memnonium, Western 
 Thebes. 
 
 12c. The same, from one of the tombs in Biban El-Molouk. [Query, which ? ] 
 
 13a. The name of the same king, from the statues and obelisks at Luxor. 
 
 13ft. The name of the same king, from the great temple at Ebsambul. 
 
 14. The name of the same king, from the small temple at ditto. 
 
 15. His cpieen Ari (of Champollion,) from the same small temple. 
 
 16a. A cpieen, Neith-Osri (Nitocris?), from one of the tombs at the head of the valley of the 
 Biban El-Molouk. 
 
 16ft. c. Shields of kings unknown, from the same tomb. 
 
 /f- 
 
 o 7 e/ 
 
 16rf. e. Shields of a king, Tamur (Thamyris?) from the same tomb. [Qu. if the character of 
 Osiris in it is correct?] Vide PI. vu. 16</. 
 
 17. Osortasen, from the door-way of a tomb at Beni-Hassan. 
 
 18. Sheshenk (Shishak), from the Hall at Karnak. 
 
 19. Hakor, or Ochor, from Eileithuia. [Qu. Ph’Ochor—Bocchoris?] 
 
 20. Tirhaka, from Medinet-Habou. 
 
 21. Psammetichus the Great, from the large rock nearPhilæ. 
 
 22. Unknown, probably a S aitic k ing, from ditto. ( e_ 
 
 23. Psamten, or Psammetinus? from obelisks at Luxor. 
 
 24a. The characters over the head of the sphinx in the bas-relief on the granite tablet, in 
 
 the small temple found by Captain Caviglia, between the legs of the colossal sphinx at 
 the pyramids of Gize. They are accompanied by the shield (246) which contains the 
 name of a Thothmosis. 
 
 25 a and b. Shields with the title and name of Thothmosis (the third of Champollion) ; they are 
 placed over the head of a king, who is represented as performing sacred rites before the 
 sphinx in the tablet above-mentioned. They also form a principal part of the ornaments 
 which are sculptured on the same relief . On examining the whole sculpture of this gra¬ 
 nite tablet, and considering the place where it was found, it appears to offer a description 
 of religious rites performed by Thothmosis III., before the sphinx itself (possibly at its 
 consecration) : the characters above the head of the sphinx may give the title Ma-Re 
 the Mares 1 ('HXiôéwpos) of Eratosthenes, and the Mœris of Herodotus; and as the name 
 of Thothmosis accompanies this sculpture, placed in the manner of a deity, it is not 
 improbable that the colossal sphinx itself (of which the figure on the tablet may be the 
 representation) was intended as a symbol of the deified Tholhmosis-Mceris himself ; and 
 that his grandson Thothmosis III. is here represented as performing the rites of conse¬ 
 cration to the sphinx, when finished. On one of the smaller lateral tablets (of sand- 
 
 1 Vide Jablonski Opuscula, Lug. Bat. 1804, p. 132, in voce Mapr/s. 
 
14 
 
 On some Egyptian Monuments in England, 8$c. 
 
 stone) in the same chapel, is sculptured a similar representation of religious rites performed 
 before the sphinx, with the same sacred title over its head ; but the king who is perform¬ 
 ing them, has over his head the title and name of Rameses-Sethos (Sesostris), similar to 
 those in Nos. 12 and 13. supra. 
 
 26. The name of Alexander on each side of his prenomen, from the adytum at Luxor. 
 
 27. Unknown, from the Propylon at Philæ, the same at Pselcis. 
 
 « 
 
 APPENDIX, No. 1. 
 
 Extract of a Letter from Mr. J. F. Champollion to the Rev. G. A. Browne, 
 Trinity College, Cambridge, on the subject of the name inscribed on the 
 lid of a sarcophagus, brought by Mr. Belzoni from one of the royal sepul¬ 
 chres at Thebes, and presented by him to the University of Cambridge. 
 
 Paris, June 3, 1823. 
 
 On trouve dans cette inscription hiéroglyphique, 1 comme dans toutes les 
 autres inscriptions Egyptiennes à quelque époque qu’elles appartiennent, 
 un mélange des trois espèces de signes employés simultanément dans tous les 
 textes hiéroglyphiques ; c’est à dire des signes figuratifs, des signes symbo¬ 
 liques, et des signes phonétiques (ou exprimant le son) et tels que je les ai 
 déterminés dans ma lettre à M. Dacier, qui contient la première partie de 
 mon alphabet des hiéroglyphes. 
 
 Cette inscription se traduit exactement :—“ Osiris ou bien YOsirien, roi 
 du peuple obéissant, seigneur du monde, <f que le soleil et Sa té protègent, le 
 chéri d'Amounl le fils du soleil, aimant les dieux, seigneur des trois régions ’ 
 
 C RAMSÈS le martial J défunt A 
 
 Osiris (ou YOsirien) qui commence cette légende, est une formule qu’on 
 trouve toujours immédiatement avant les titres et le nom propre des défunts 
 de toutes les classes mentionnés dans les papyrus, les stèles, sur les figurines, 
 et les momies. Osiris est le nom du Dieu souverain de Y Aménti ou enfer 
 des Egyptiens, sous la jurisdiction du quel étaient placés tous les hommes à 
 l’instant ou ils cessaient de vivre. 
 
 1 The reader will find these hieroglyphical characters more carefully delineated in the Plate 
 (xiv.) representing the monument to which Mr. C’s letter refers. 
 
15 
 
 On some Egyptian Monuments in England, 8$c. 
 
 Les titres Roi, Seigneur du Monde, Fils du Soleil, etc., propres aux seuls 
 souverains de l’Egypte, nous indiquent sans nul doute que la figure sculptée 
 sur le couvercle, est celle d’un roi Egyptien dont le sarcophage renfermait 
 le corps embeaumé. 
 
 Les deux cartouches ou encadrements elliptiques l’indiquent d’ailleurs 
 assez par eux-mêmes. Le premier contient le prénom royal du souverain, 
 et le second son nom propre RAMS S qu’on peut prononcer Ramésès ou 
 Ramsès. Ce roi ne fut donc ni un Ptolémée, ni un empereur Romain, 
 mais bien un roi de race Egyptienne, un des anciens Pharaons. 
 
 Le canon chronologique de Manéthon mentionne en effet dans les xviii e et 
 xix e dynasties, plusieurs rois qui ont porté le nom de Ramésès ou Ramsès ; 
 il ne s’agit plus que de savoir auquel d’entre eux appartenait le sarcophage. 
 
 Le contenu du premier cartouche, c’est à dire le prénom du roi, et le titre 
 Martial qui accompagne le nom propre dans le second, décident promptement 
 cette question. 
 
 Je connais, par une foule de monuments Egyptiens, les cartouches d’un 
 Pharaon Ramsès, dont le nom est toujours suivi d’un titre formé des deux 
 
 caractères et dont le dernier est le nom symbolique du dieu Mars 
 
 Egyptien: j’ai traduit ce titre par martial. 
 
 Les cartouches contenant le prénom de ce même roi, varient dans l’ordre 
 
 des trois derniers signes qui se lisent tantôt 
 
 Amon-mei (chéri 
 
 d’ Ammon) et tantôt 
 
 Mei-amon (Aimant Ammon, chérissant Ammon ). 
 
 J’ai souvent observé ces variations sur un seul et même monument ; mais la 
 dernière ( Mei-amon ) est beaucoup plus fréquente. Or Manéthon nomme 
 expressément le Roi Ramésès Méiamon ou Mei-Amoun. Il est indubitable 
 que c'est là le prince mentionné dans l’inscription du couvercle de sarco¬ 
 phage, transporté à Cambridge. 
 
 Je savois déjà par plusieurs dessins, dont quelques-uns ont été gravés 
 dans la description de l’Egypte (tome n. Pl. x, xi, xii, xvn.) que le Roi 
 Ramsès-Mei-amon avait exécuté de grands ouvrages à Thèbes, et que le v e 
 tombeau royal à l’Est, dans la vallée de Biban-El-Molouk à Thèbes, vaste 
 excavation ornée d’une quantité prodigieuse de sculptures et de peintures, 
 était le tombeau de ce Pharaon. Le double cartouche qui forme la légende 
 royale de ce prince et dans lequel on lit tantôt Amon-mei Ramsès, comme 
 
IG 
 
 On some Egyptian Monuments in England, <§y\ 
 
 sur le couvercle, et tantôt Mei-amon Ramsès indifféremment, est gravé à 
 l’entrée même de ce tombeau, au dessus de l’image du roi reproduite un 
 très grand nombre de fois, ainsi que sur les pieds des magnifiques fauteuils 
 sculptés dans une des salles de cette catacombe. 1 Et c’est précisément de 
 ce même tombeau que M. Belzoni a retiré le couvercle de sarcophage que 
 vous avez à Cambridge. 
 
 Il est donc certain que ce couvercle appartient au sarcophage du Pharaon 
 Ramsès-Meiamon, 16 e roi de la xviii e dynastie dite Diospolitaine, parceque 
 les rois qui la composent étaient d’une famille de Thèbes, ville dans le 
 voisinage de laquelle était aussi leur sépulture. 
 
 Ramsès ou Ramessès-Meiamon fut un prince guerrier qui, pendant un très 
 long règne, orna l’Egypte de monuments magnifiques : le palais de Medinet- 
 Abou à Thèbes est un de ses ouvrages. Il vécut à la fin du xv e siècle avant 
 J. C. et fut le père d’Aménophis III. père de Ramsès le Grand, qu’on a aussi 
 appelé Sêsostris, Séthos, et Sésoosis. 
 
 Ramsès le Grand, ou Sêsostris, eut un nom et un prénom hiéroglyphiques 
 qu’on ne saurait confondre avec ceux de Ramsès-Méiamon son ayeul, ceux 
 de Ramsès le Grand. 
 
 
 signifient : le roi, etc. Que Ré (le soleil) et Saté protègent, l'approuvé par le 
 soleil, le chéri d'Amoun Ramsès. On voit que cette légende royale diffère 
 de la précédente par le titre approuvé par le soleil que ne porte jamais Ramsès- 
 
 Tous 
 
 meiamon, qui, lui-même, prend les titres de Martial et de | 
 
 chérissant-amoun (Meiamon) que Sêsostris à son tour ne prit jamais. 1 
 les autres rois des xviii e et xix e dynasties qui ont eu Ramsès pour nom propre, 
 se distinguent également les uns des autres par des titres particuliers, soit 
 dans le premier soit dans le second cartouche de leurs légendes. 
 
 Vous avez témoigné le désir, Monsieur, de connaître aussi mon opinion sur 
 la synonimie du roi Egyptien que la Bible nomme plenty. pttfttf qu’on prononce 
 Sésak, Shoshak, et Sheshok; ce n’est point, comme on a pu le croire, le même 
 Pharaon que Sêsostris ( Ramsès le Grand) ; ce dernier ayant vécu sans au¬ 
 cun doute vers le milieu du xiv e siècle avant notre ère, ne peut avoir rien de 
 
 1 [ ] Descript. de l’Egypte Antiq. Vol. II. PI. LXXXIX. 
 î Sed quære de epithet. “ Martial .” Vide PI. xvm. 12c., &c. 
 
17 
 
 On some Egyptian Monuments in England, 8$c. 
 
 commun avec Sésak qui prit Jérusalem et vainquit Roboam fils de Salomon 
 vers le x e siècle avant J. C. Mais si nous rapprochons avec soin la chronolo¬ 
 gie de Manéthon et celle de l’histoire sainte, nous trouverons que l’historien 
 Egyptien place dans le même temps que Roboam le règne d’un Pharaon, 
 prince guerrier et chef de la xxii e dynastie dite des Bubastites. Il nomme 
 ce roi Sésonchis, Χέατογχις, ce qui est bien évidemment le Sesak, le Shoshak, ou 
 le Sheshok de l’Ecriture. J’ai trouvé d’ailleurs le nom propre hiéroglyphique 
 de ce roi Egyptien, dont il existe je crois une statue en granit dans la 
 
 Musée Britannique inscrit 
 
 conformément à l’orthographe de Manéthon.* 
 
 Schéschonk (Sheshonk) 
 
 Another Extract. 
 
 Autre exemple dans la partie voisine des pieds ou l’on distingue encore 
 très bien les signes. 
 
 fils du 
 défunt Soleil 
 
 — 
 
 Reste du 
 
 
 Prénom. 
 
 J 
 
 11 » 
 
 Le Roi (voir l’autre Ramsès, &c. 
 
 Osiris (légende susdite) 
 
 Ce surnom à' Osiris donné à tous les simples particuliers et aux rois dans leurs 
 légendes funèbres, est une suite de la manie de tout symboliser qu'avaient les 
 Egyptiens, et d’après laquelle ils assimilaient tous les personnages morts au 
 dieu Osiris qu’on supposait avoir été lui-même mis à mort par Typhon ; c’est 
 pour cela et par suite de cette assimilation, que le roi Ramsès est représenté 
 sur le couvercle de son sarcophage, dans le costume et armé de tous les 
 insignes du dieu Osiris lui-même : il a de plus au dessus de sa tête et entre 
 les deux légendes, l’image de ladeésse Netphé mère d'Osiris, dont le nom 
 
 phonétique ^ ^ /NTPE \ doit être ainsi formé à l’endroit où votre 
 
 V n P- ■—j \ou NTPHE/ 
 
 desinateur a marqué quelques traits vagues ; le roi sous la forme d’Osiris est 
 soutenu à droite par la déesse Nephtys sœur d'Osiris, et à gauche par Tsis 
 sœur et femme du même dieu. 
 
 * See PI. ni. Fig. 5. 
 
18 
 
 On some Egyptian Monuments in England, §c. 
 
 Aucun auteur ne parle de la déesse Egyptienne Satê, qui est représentée 
 
 figurativement dans le prénom du roi, mais elle est expressément men¬ 
 
 tionnée dans la dédicace Grecque d’un autel trouvé aux cataractes, sur lequel 
 on lit ΣΑΤΕΙ THI ΚΑΙ HPAI, à Salé (ou Satés) qui est aussi Hera ; ce qui 
 assimile la déesse Egyptienne Satê à la Junon des Latins, l’Héra des Grecs. 
 D’un autre côté, j’ai trouvé l’image de cette déesse représentée avec une 
 grande plume ou feuille sur la tête, dans une foule de bas-reliefs et de pein¬ 
 tures, ayant près d'elle son nom hiéroglyphique formé de signes phonétiques 
 
 qui se lisent sans difficulté Sate déesse (ΣΤΕ). Rien n’est plus 
 
 certain que cette synonimie. 
 
 J’ignore au juste, Monsieur, ce qu’il faut entendre par les mots Seigneur 
 des trois Régions (ou des Regions ) qu’ exprime sans aucun doute le groupe 
 
 ^ 11 me parait naturel de croire qu’il s’agit ici de la haute, de la 
 
 a a fi 
 
 moyenne, et de la basse Egypte. 
 
 J’ai dit aussi que le Pharaon Ramsès-Méiamoun a bâti le palais de Medinet- 
 Abou à Thèbes parceque la légende royale de ce prince se lit sur toutes les 
 parties de ce superbe édifice, de la même manière que les légendes hiérogly¬ 
 phiques de Ptolémée Philométor et de Ptolémée-Evergète II. se lisent sur 
 toutes les parties du grand temple d’Ombos où des inscriptions Grecques 
 attribuent également l’érection de ce temple à ces deux rois Lagides. Cette 
 observation s’applique d’ailleurs à tous les monuments de l’Egypte. 
 
 Quant au roi Aménophis III., père de Sésostris (Ramsès le Grand), il est 
 aussi nommé et reconnu par l'historien Josèphe dans son traité i er . contre 
 Apion. 
 
 No. II. 
 
 It is presumed that no apology will be requisite for appending the follow¬ 
 ing inedited inscriptions lately brought from Egypt. Considering that we 
 are chiefly indebted to the Rosetta stone, to some Greek inscriptions on the 
 monuments of Upper Egypt, and to some Greek Mss. on Egyptian papyri 
 
19 
 
 On some Egyptian Monuments in England, 8$c. 
 
 for the progress that has been made in the study of hieroglyphics, it will 
 be admitted that no opportunity ought to be lost of collecting and publish¬ 
 ing these infallible guides to further advancement in Egyptian literature. 
 
 1 . 
 
 On a leg of one of the colossal figures in front of the great temple of 
 Ebsambul, transcribed by Mr. W. Bankes and Mr. Salt. 1 
 
 ΒΑΣίΛΕΟΣΕΛΘΟΝΤΟΣΕΣΕΑΕΦΑΝΤΙΝΑΝ'+ΆΜΑΤΙΧΟ 
 ΤΑΥΤΑΕΓΡΑ'ΡΑΝΤΟΙΣΥΝΗ'ΑΜΑΤΙΧΟΙΤΟΙΘΕΟΚΛΟΣ 
 ΕΠΛΕΟΝΗΛΘΟΝΔΕΚΕΡΚΙΟΣΚΑΘΥΠ ΕΡΘΕΝΙΣΟΠΟΤ ΑΜΟΣ 
 AN IΗ ΑΛΟΓΛΟΣΟΣΩΗΧΕΠΟΤΑΣΙΜΤΟΑΙΓΥΠΊΓΙΟΣΔΕΑΜ ΑΣΙΣ 
 ΕΓΡΑΦΕΔΑΜΕΑΡΧΟΝΑΜΟΙΒΙΧΟΚΑΙΠΕΛΕΦΟΣΟΥΔΑΜΟ 
 
 Hellenice. 
 
 Βασιλέωρ ελόοντος ε'ις'Ε\εφαντίνην Ψαρ.ρτ]τΙχου, τούτα, έγραψαν οϊ συν Ψαρ,ρ,Ύ]- 
 τιχα) τω ΘεοκΛοΰς επλεον ήλό ον δε Κερκιος καύ(ητερόεν ε\ς ου ποταμ,ος ανίει, 1 3 άλλο- 
 γλα>σσος* - -- -- -- - 4 Α'ιγυπτιος δε ν Αρασις — εγραφε 5 Ληριάρχων 
 
 Άμ.οιβίχου καί ΠηΧεφος Ου^ρ,ου. 
 
 Rege veniente ad Elephantinam Psammaticho, hæc scripserunt qui 
 cum Psammaticho Theoclis (filio) navigabant et venerunt Cercin supra usque 
 quo fluvius remittit, (scilicet) peregrinus ------ Ægyptius- 
 
 que Amasis ; scribebat Damearchon Amœbici et Pelephus Udami. 
 
 1 The characters of this inscription are very large, and of the archaic form in use at that 
 period of time. It is hoped that Mr. Bankes will shortly publish a fac-simile of them. 
 
 z Άνίη Dor. for aviei from άνιέω the ancient form of άνίημι. Scholars will hesitate perhaps 
 at the expression els ου ποταμυε ανίει ; but when negligences and anomalies are found in Athenian 
 inscriptions of the same period, some allowance may be made for the scribe of a distant Doric 
 colony. 
 
 3 Άλύγλοσοί — αλλόγλωσσοι. The single instead of the double semi-vowel was common in early 
 times, as we find by the tablet from Olympia, containing the treaty of peace of the Eleians and 
 Evaæi ; and by the helmet dedicated by II iero the first, after his victory over the Tuscans atCume. 
 See Leake’s Journal of a Tour in Asia Minor, p. ‘240. 
 
 4 The first two letters in the name of the barbarian, may be two characters which the Greeks 
 invented to imitate the sounds of the languages of Egypt and the neighbouring countries ; of which 
 custom there are remains in the Coptic alphabet. 
 
 5 έγραφαν relates to the record in writing, inclusive of the whole party ; εγραφε, like the εποίει 
 of the Greek sculptors, to the manual operation, which was the work of course of those in whose 
 language the inscription was written. 
 
20 
 
 On some Egyptian Monuments in England, 8$c. 
 
 The king (it seems) came only to Elephantine. Theocles, a Greek settler, 
 had given to his son the Egyptian name of Psammetichus. * 1 * Leaving the king 
 at Elephantine, the son of Theocles, with his companions, sailed two hundred 
 miles up the river to the second cataract, and on their return engraved their 
 names on the temple of Ebsambul, which is thirty miles below the second 
 cataract. The place was then called Κίρκις, and afterwards perhaps was 
 known to the Greeks by the name of Psampolis, 1 from whence the modern 
 corruption of Ebsambul. The party whose names were inscribed on the 
 temple, were five in number ; namely, Psammetichus, the son of Theocles ; an 
 Æthiopian, or some other native of Africa, not Egyptian ; an Egyptian named 
 Amasis ; with two Greeks, Damearchon or Demiarchon, and Pelephus. 
 
 With regard to the date of this inscription, it is to be observed, that, accord¬ 
 ing to Herodotus, 3 Psammetichus, who began to reign about 656, B. C., was 
 greatly indebted for the success which he obtained over his eleven rivals to 
 some pirates from Ionia and Caria, to whom he granted lands in consequence, 
 and by whom he caused Egyptian children to be instructed in the Greek 
 language. It is difficult to believe, however, that the inscription is of so re¬ 
 mote a period. Diodorus mentions a second Psammetichus, descended from 
 the first, who reigned about 400, B.C. He is not named by any other author ; 
 and all that Diodorus says of him is, that he treacherously murdered his be¬ 
 nefactor Tamos, with his children, for the sake of their property, when Ta¬ 
 mos fled to Egypt to avoid the resentment of Artaxerxes, for having taken 
 part with the younger Cyrus. 4 * 
 
 The Doric origin of a large portion of the people of Caria 3 will account for 
 the dialect in which the inscription is written ; for that the principal, or at least 
 the most permanent part of the colony settled under Psammetichus the first, 
 was formed of Cares, and not of Iones, is evident from Herodotus, 6 who men¬ 
 tions the Carians as still living near Bubastis, when he visited Egypt. In 
 later times, a quarter of Memphis was called το Καρικόν , 7 and its Greek in- 
 
 1 This name, however, we find in Greece at a very early period. Psammetichus, nephew of 
 Periander, succeeded him on the throne of Corinth, B. C. 563. 
 
 1 Psam or Gom, the Egyptian Hercules, formed also the root of the name of Psammetichus. 
 
 3 Herodot. 1. 2, c. 152, 154. That Greeks and brazen armour were novelties at this time in 
 
 Egypt, is shown by the oracle, which predicted success to Psammetichus from the aid of brazen 
 
 men rising out of the sea. 
 
 4 Diodor. Sic. 1. 14, c. 35. 5 See “ Journal of a Tour in Asia Minor,” p. 225. 
 
 6 Herodot. 1. 2, c. 6 . 7 Stephan, in K αρικύν. 
 
On some, Egyptian Monuments in England, 8$c. 
 
 21 
 
 habitants Καρομεμφίται, because they were descendants of the original Carian 
 colony, which Amasis, about 560, B. C., had removed to Memphis from its 
 settlement near Bubastis. 1 Polyænus, in alluding to the assistance which 
 Psammetichus received from the Greeks, makes no mention of Ionians, but 
 remarks, that it was in consequence of a previous alliance with Pigres, king of 
 Caria, that Psammetichus obtained the Carian troops which placed him on 
 the throne. An oracle predicted success to Psammetichus, by means of bra¬ 
 zen men rising out of the sea ; a circumstance which shows at least how un¬ 
 used the Egyptians then were to the sight of Greeks and their brazen armour; 
 and which agrees therefore with the testimony of Herodotus, that the first 
 Greek settlement in Egypt was made in the reign of Psammetichus. 
 
 2 . 
 
 The following inscriptions were copied at Dakke by Mr. Henry Lewis. 
 They prove that place to be the site of Pselcis,* * and, at the same time, the 
 identity of the Egyptian deity Paugnuphis with the Grecian Hermes. 
 
 I. 
 
 HPAKAHC Ο ΚΑΙ ΗΡΩΝ HPHNOC YIOC ΗΛΘΟΝ KAI FIPOCEKYNHCA 
 EPMHN ΘΕΟΝ MEHCTON 
 
 1 Polyæn. 1. 7, c. 3. 
 
 * According to the Itinerary, (called that of Antoninus,) Pselcis, at the date of that work, was 
 eight miles distant from the southern extremity of a district above Philæ, which had been an¬ 
 nexed to Egypt, and was named Dodecaschœnus from its length. Beyond that limit, it appears, 
 from these inscriptions, that the country was called Æthiopia. Strabo writing in the reign of 
 Tiberius, makes Pselcis an .Ethiopian city, the Dodecaschœnus probably not having been an¬ 
 nexed to Egypt until after that time. Agatharcides mentions Corte as the first Ethiopian town ; 
 according to the Itinerary, Corte was four miles within the Dodecaschœnus. Philostratus, 
 who wrote not long after the time of the Antonines, agrees with the Itinerary in making Hiero- 
 sycaminus the boundary. It is very remarkable that the limits of the two languages Kenous and 
 Nouba, according to Burckhardt, are precisely those of Ethiopia and Egypt under the Anto¬ 
 nines ; and it will be still more curious, if the opinion of another distinguished traveller should be 
 verified, that in the Kenous language, there are many genuine Coptic or ancient Egyptian 
 words, and consequently that in the Dodecaschœnus only is the Egyptian still a living language. 
 
 In addition to the other indications already mentioned of the importance of Pselcis about the 
 time of the Antonines, may be mentioned that of Aristides the sophist. On the establishment of 
 Christianity, Pselcis became an episcopal see. A bishop of Pselcis sat in the council of Chal¬ 
 cedon. In the temple which was built by one of the Ptolemies, on the site of a more ancient 
 edifice, are still seen the figures of saints, which the Christians painted on the walls when the 
 temple was converted into a Christian church. 
 
 D 
 
22 
 
 On .some Egyptian Monuments in England, Sçc. 
 
 II. 
 
 ΘΕΩ ΜΕΓΙΟΓΩ ΕΡΜΑΩ ΠΑΥΓΝΟΥΦΙΔΙ ΑΙΓΥΠΤΟΥ CYNOPIHN ΚΑΙ 
 ΑΙΘΙΟΠΩΝ ΜΕΤΕΧΟΝΤΙ ΤΗΝ 
 
 ΠΕΡΙ ΤΟΝ ΝΑΟΝ ΧΡΥΟΩΟΝ ΕΠΟΙΗΟΕΝ IEPOIC ΑΝΗΡ MEMEAHMENOC 
 ΑΚΥΛΑ CATOYPNINOC 
 
 OYETPANOC EYEAMENOC ΡΩΟΙΝ ΚΑΙ TEKNOIC ΚΑΙ ΓΑΜΕΤΗ 
 
 III. 
 
 TO nPOCKYNHMA RETEHCIC ΚΡΟΥΙ 
 ΠΟΙΩ ΠΑΡΑ ΤΩ ΚΥΡΙ. ΠΑΥΓΝΟΥΦΙ. 
 
 IV. 
 
 .ΗΛΘΕ CTPATHrOC ΕΩΝ ΑΠΟΛΛΩΝ IOC . . . . . 
 
 . COI ΔΕ ΑΝΑΞ ΤΕΛΧΙΔΟΟ. 
 
 ΜΕΤΑΞΥ ΚΑΙ ΑΙΘΙΟΠΩΝ. 
 
 V. 
 
 ΟΩΚΡΑΤΗΟ ΑΓΑΘΟ ... ΟΥ ΕΓΕΝΟΜΗΝ S' ΕΛΚΕΙ EMNHC0HN ΤΩΝ . 
 
 VI. 
 
 ΤΟ ΠΡΟΟΚΥΝΗΜΑ . . . 
 ...... ΟΕΟΝ MEHCTON 
 
 . . . ΠΑΥΓΝΟΥΦΙΟ ΚΑΤΩΑΝΑΝΗΩΟ 
 
 ΑΛΕΞΑΝ. . OC 
 
 KAICAPOC ΤΟΥ ΚΥΡΙΟΥ MECOPH 
 A ΕΠ ΑΓΑΘΩ 
 
 3. 
 
 The following was copied by the late Mr. Cooke from the royal sepulchre 
 at Thebes, which is the third on the western side of the Valley of the Tombs, 
 and immediately opposite the entrance of the lateral branch of the main val¬ 
 ley, leading to the great sepulchre discovered by Belzoni. Mr. Lewis, who 
 kindly communicated this inscription, doubts whether the tomb can be really 
 that of Memnon Amenoph, having been unable to discover in it any of the 
 
On some Egyptian Monuments in England, 8$c. 23 
 
 shields or symbols that are seen on the colossal statue and other monuments 
 of that king. 
 
 EPMOrENHC 
 
 MENAAAAC 
 
 CVPINTAC 
 
 ΙΔΏΝΕΘΑΥ 
 
 MACATHNAE 
 
 TOYMEMNONOC 
 
 TAYTHNEICTOP 
 
 IHCACYnEPEGAYMACA 
 
 THE END. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 PRINTED BY A. J. VALPY, M. A., RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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