122 Fulham.— T. Faulkner's Historical and Topographical Account of Fulham, including the Hamleb of Hammersmith, map and nu- merous plates, 4 to, new half morocco gilt, i gilt top, 15s 1873 j Digitized by tlie Internet Arcliive in 2014 https://archive.org/details/historicaltopogrOOfaul AN HISTORICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF F U L H A M; INCLUDING THE j^amlet of J^ammetsmttl)* BY T. FAULKNER, AUTHOR OF " THE HISTORICAL DESCRIPTION OF CHELSEA,' Sand ford Manor House, " Movemur enim nesv^io quo pacto locis ipsis, in quibus eorum, quos diligimus, aut admiramur, adsunt vestigia." Cic. de Leg. lib. ii. c.ll. LONDON: PRINTED BY J. TILLI.VG, CHELSEA; FOR T. EGERTON; T.PAYNE, BECKET AND PORTER; J. HATCHARD ; J. ASPERNE; NICHOLS, SON, AND BENTLEY; AND SHERWOOD, NEELY, AND JONES. 1813. P R E F A C E. The following pages are respectfully submitted to the Public, with a hope, that the utility of a work, uniting the most interesting authentic information of the Parish of Fulham, with an account of its anti- quities, wall be obvious, and v/orthy of general attention. The Vicinity of Fulham to the Metropolis, as the site of the episcopal residence, and its rising importance, give it a peculiar claim to an accurate and ample description. The Author has spared no labour or expence to collect from materials which have hitherto escaped notice, and besides the usual requisite authorities, to '^btain such additional and valuable communications, as might gratify the curiosity of the more intelligent, and ensure his work a favourable reception. A 2 iv . PREFACE. The Author takes this opportunity to offer his grateful acknowledgments for the assistance he has received during the progress of the wqrk, and parti- cularly to the following Gentlemen : the Rev. W. Wood, Vicar of Fulham; John Caley, Esq., Keeper of the Records in the Augmentation Office; John Bigland, Esq., of the Herald's College; and the Rev. H. J. Todd, Keeper of the Records at Lambeth Palace. SUBSCRIBERS A. Arms, The College of Atwood, Rev. T. S., M.A., Curate of Hammersmith* Adams, C. Esq., Queen's Elms. Akers, E. F., Esq., Acton. Anson, T. Esq., Fulham. B. Brandenburgh Anspach, Her Serene Highness the Margravine of, Brandenburgh House. Barnard, J. Esq., Chelsea. Batsford, Miss, Fulham. Bayley, Mr. Robert, Fulham. Bayford, J. Esq., Parson's Green. Benson, Miss, Chelsea. Besley, Mr., Fulham. Beloe, Rev. William, Kensington. Billington, Mrs., Fulham. Bird, Mr. W., Hammersmith. Blofield, R. Esq., Chelsea. Bow^den, J. Esq., Fulham. Bowen, Mrs., Fulham Park House. Bridgen, Miss, Fulham. Britton, J. Esq., F.S.A., Tavistock-place. Bryon, Mr. W., Hammersmith. Brown and Co., Sandford Manor House. Burney, Rev. Charles Parr, M.A., F.S.A., Greenwich. Burney, Miss, Chelsea College. Butler, Rev. Weeden, Chelsea. Burgess, Mr. J. C, Chelsea. AS vi SUBSCRIBERS. c. Cliolmondeley, The Right Hon. Earl of, Crabtree, Fulham, Caley, John, Esq., F.S.A., Keeper of the Records, Augmentation Office. Carter, Mr. Alfred, Christ Church, Surry. Chasemore, Mr., Fulham. Chisholm, Rev. G., D.D., Bradmore House School, Hammersmith. Clare, Rev. Th6mas, M.A., Vicar of St. Bride's, Chelsea. Clifford, Arthur, Esq., Chelsea. Cock, Mr., Chelsea College. Curl, W. Esq., Pimlico, Dalton, Mr., Fulham. Daltei, Mn, Chelsea; >^^i^ ^H D'Averton, F. Esq., Parson's Green. Deare, Philip, Esq., Nottingham Place* Denys, Peter, Esq , Pavilion, Chelsea. Dobson, Mr., Fallings wick Green. Pruce, J. Esq., Purser's Cross. Dunnage, G. Esq., Upper Mall, Hammersmith. E. Egremont, The Countess of, Fulham. Eayres, Mr., Crabtree, Fulham. Edwards, S. Esq., F.L.S., Queen's Elm. laulkner, Mr., Walham Green. Faulkner^ Mr. J., Jermyn-street. Faulkner, Mr. I., King's Road, Faulkner, Mr. W., Guernsey. Fielder, Mr., Fulham. ^ Fitsch, Mr., South Field Farm, Parson's Green. isiUuH Frampton, Mr., Queen s Elms, ^c^xi-u f*' Fraser, Mr. J., Sloane-square. , .1 > SUBSCRIBERS. ¥1! G. Galpine, ••••,Esq., Chiswick. Gell, H. C. Esq., Chelsea. Gillow, Mrs., Hammersmith. Gomme, Mr., Hammersmith, Gregory, J. Esq., Chelsea. Gwilt, J. Esq., Chelsea. H. Haggitt, Rev. W., M.A., Senior Chaplain of the Royal Hospital, Chelsea. Hatsell, John, Esq., Clerk of the House of Commons. Hall, Mr. Jonas, Normand House, Fulhara. Hill, Richard, Esq., Hammersmith* Himing, Mr., Black-Heath. Hoare, Mr., Hammersmith. Holmes, . . . . , Esq., Fulham, Hollis, Mr. T., Hammersmith. Howard, William, Esq., North End, Fulham. Howard, Mrs., Chelsea. Howells, Mr., Churchwarden, Hammersmith. Hunt, Mi\, Hammersmith. J. Jones, Mr., New Road, Sloane-square. 4 Jupe, Mr. Fulham. K. Keysall, Rev. J., M.A., Bredon Rectory, Gloucestershire Keene, Mr.W., Hammersmith, Kight, Mr., Fulham. L. London, The HoA. and Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Lonsdale, The Countess Dowager of. Broom House, Fulhfun* O Loch6e, J. Esq., hoxhdcni A4 VIU SUBSCRIBERS. Legge, Heneage, Esq., Putney. Lee and Kennedy, Messrs., Vineyard, Hammersmith. Linghani, Esq., Walham Green. Lysons, Rev. Daniel, M.A., F.R.S., Rector of Rodmarton, Gloucestershire. Lysons, Samuel, Esq., F.R.S., Keeper of His Majesty's Records in the Tower. Lynn, Mr.G., Chelsea. M. Macph^edris, Mrs., Fulham. Madden, James, Esq., Cole Hill House, Fulham. Martyn, Rev. Thomas, Regius Professor of Botany in the University of Cambridge. Maton, Mr., Fulham. Matyear, Mr., Churchwarden, Fulham. Maxwell, Mr,, Albion House School, Parson's Green. Mayers, Mr., Claybrook House School, Fulham. Millett, Mr., Fulham. Millington, Mr., Foundery, Hammersmith. N. Norfolk, His Graie The Duke of Nares, The Rev. Archdeacon, Reading. Nichols, .T. Esq., F.S.x\., Islington. Nelson, Richard, Esq., Chelsea. Norris, James, Esq., London. O. Ord, John, Esq., Purser's Cross. Osbaldeston, '•••>Esq., Refuge, Hammersmith. Osbaldeston, Mrs. Owen, Rev. John, M. A., Curate of Fulham. SUBSCRIBERS- P. Pat, Mr. William, Hammersmith, Peppercorn, Mr., Chelsea. Powell, Arthur Annesley, Esq., Devonshire Place. (2 Copies) Phillips, Lady, Upper Mall, Hammersmith. Plaw, Mr., Parson's Green. Plasted, William, Esq., Chelsea. Price, Mr. J., North End. Purdon, Mr. Joseph, Hammersmith. R. Ramsden, ••••,Esq., Hammersmith. Reboul, J. Esq., Chelsea. Richardson, W. Esq., Cheam, Surry. Ross, Mrs., Park Place School, Chelsea. Rogers, Mr., Fulham. Roberts, Mr. Edward, Hammersmith. Ruddock, Rev. Joshua, M.A., Fulham Park House School. S. Savage, Rev. G., M.A., Vicar of Kingston. Saunders, Mrs., Hammersmith. ' ^-^^^^ Scott, George, Esq. Raven's-court, Hammersmith. Scott, Mr. John, Fulham. Sharp, Granville, Esq., Fulham House. Sharp, Mrs. Shury, T. Esq., Millbank, Westminster. Simpson, Mrs., Purser's Cross. Smedley, Rev. E., M.A., Westminster School. Snare, Mr., Bookseller, Reading. South, Mr. James, Fulhan^. Stockton, Mr.F., Walham Green. Stevens, W. E. Esq., Chelsea. Stephens, Mr. William, Walham Green. SUBSCRIBERS. Stocken, Mr. William, Walham Green. Stocken, Mr. John, Wal ham Green. Scutts, Mr., Glasgow. T. Terwin, William, Esq., Belgrave Place. Thornton, Mr., Walham Green. . Todd, Rev. H. I., M.A., Keeper of the Archbishop of Canter- bury's Records, Lambeth Palace. Torrens, Colonel, Fulliam. Turner, Major General, Shepherd's Bush. Tyton, Arthur, Esq., F.L.S,, Wimbledon. W. Winchester, The Hon. and Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of (2 Copies) Wood, Rev. W., B.D., Vicar of Fulham. Ward, Rev. H,, M.A., Elysium-row, Fulham. Wallis, Mr. George, Fulham. Watts, Mr. J. Fulham. Weltjie, C, Esq., Upper Mall, Hammersmith. Webster, Miss, Chelsea. White, Mr., Parson's Green. Wilson, Richard, Esq., F.R.S., Craven Cottage, Wilcox, Mr, Richard, Parson's Green. Wilcox, Mr. William, Parson's Green. Woodford, J. Esq., London. C O N T E N T S. CHAPTER I. Etymology y Situation, Boundaries and Eitent, River Thames, Fishery, Bridge, Roads and Ways, Population, Poors Rate, Land Tax, p. 1 CHAPTER IL xigriculture and Soil, Botanic Gardens and Nurseries, Cotmnons, Manufactories, West Middlesex Waterivorks^ Grand Junction Capiat p. 13 CHAPTER III. Rectory and Vicarage, Parish Church, Tombs and Monumental Inscriptions, Chapel of St, Paul at Hammersmith, p, 34 CHAPTER IV. ^Ex^tmcts from the Churchwarden's and Overseer's Books, Parisli y^u, Register, Benefactions, Charity Schools. p, 139 CHAPTER V. Historical Account of the Manor of Fulham, p. 165 CHAPTER VE .ul.o; Fulham Palace and Gardens. - p. VIA CHAPTER Vn. X^^^^ ». 196 CHAPTER ^^^^ Historical Events, Fulham, Ancient Houses. p. 252 CONTENTS. CHAPTER IX. Parson^s Gieen, Peterborough House, Ancient Houses and Families, Purser's Cross. p. 283 CHAPTER X. Walham Green, North End, No Mans Land, Ancient Houses and Inhabitants, p. 326 CHAPTER XI. Hammersmith, General Description, Ancient Houses and Inhabitants. p. 338 CHAPTER XII. Manor of Pallenswick, Pallenswick Green, Shepherd's Bush, Brook Green. p. 378 CHAPTER XIII. Brandenburgh House, Craven Cottage. p. 402 CHAPTER XIV. Crab Tree, Earl of Cholmondeley' s Villa, Grove House, Sandy End, Sandford Manor. p. 439 APPENDIX. No. I. Bishops of London from the Foundation of the See. No. II. Funeral Certificate of J.Tamworth, Esq. of Parsons Green. No. HI. Funeral Certificate of Bishop Aylmer. No. IV. Report of the Parliamentary Commissioners for dividing the Parish. No. V. Bishop Bonner*s Ghost, a poem. No. VI. Two Assessments in 1625, extracted from the Parish Books* VII. Prayer used by Bishop Laud at the Consecration of Hammer- smith Chapel. Index of Names and Titles, General Index. LIST OF THE PLATES, With Directions to the Binder, 1. Garden View of Fulham Palace ; frontispiece, 2. Sandford Manor House ; vignette in title. 3. Engraved Dedication • to follow the title, 4. Map of Fulham, page 1 . 5. South View of Fulham Church, p. 49. 6. Ancient Brass of William Harvey, Vicar of this Church in 1471 ; vignette, p. 67. 7. The Monument of Lady Legh in Fulham Church, p. 69. 8. Ancient Brass of Sir Samson Norton, Master of the Ordnance to Henry VH I. in 1517; vignette, p. 71. 9. Sedile, or Stone Stall in Fulham Church ; vignette, p. 75. 10. Ancient Brass of Sir Wm. Butts, Knt., Physician to Henry VHI. in 1545 ; vignette, p. 78. 11. The Monument of Catharine Hart, in Fulham Church, p. 85. 12. The Monument of John Lord Mordaunt, ip Fulham Church, p. 87. 13. His Pedigree, p. 88. 14. View of the Font in Fulham Church; vignette, P 98. 15. Ancient Brass of Margaret Suanders in Fulhani Church in 1527, p. 99. LIST OF THE PLATES. 16\ North View of the Chapel of St. Paul at Ham- mersmith, p. 1 18. 17. Bronze Bust of Charles I. and Cenotaph of Sir N. Crispe, in Hammersmith- Chapel ; vignette, p. 129, 18. View of the great Quadrangle of Fulham Palace, p. 174. 19. Arilis" of Bishop Fitzjames in the Garden Wall , vignette, p. 175. 20. Ancient Gothic Window int Fulham Palace; vignette, p. 178. 21. View of the Tete du Pont," opposite to Fulham ; ^^• ' vignette, p. 257. im:mt. . 22. Autographs of eminent persons resident in tlie '' Parish/ vignette, p. 282. 23. Garden View of Normand House, p. 337v'' :*i i TiM Wood Cuts are the production of Mr. C. Nes- bitt, of Chelsea, and are executed in his usual style of elega^oeei and' ta.ste. - i ^ oA vaIo L tt HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF FULHAM. CHAPTER I. Etymology, Situation^ Boundaries and Extent^ River Thames^ Fishery, Bridge, Roads and Ways, Population, Poors^ Rate, Land Tax, ETYMOLOGY. Th e earliest mention we find of Fulham occurs in a grant of the manor by Tyrhtilus, Bishop of Hereford, to Erkenwald, Bishop of London, and his successors, about the year 69 i ; in which grant it is called Fulanham^ Camden, in his Britannia, calls it Fulham, and derives it from the Saxon word Fallonham^ Volucrum Domus, the habitation of birds, or place of fowls. Norden agrees with Camden's Etymology, and adds, it may also be taken for Voiucrum Amnis, or ' Wharton de Episcop. London, p. 18, London, 1676. ^ Camden's Britannia, p. 367. London, 1600. B 9, HISTORICAL ACCOUNT the river of fowl ; for Ham also, in many places, sig- nifies Amnis^ a River ; but it is most probable it should be of land fowl, which usually haunt groves, and clusters of trees, whereof, in this place, it seemeth hath been plenty."' In Somner's and Lye's Saxon Dictionaries, it is called Fullanham^ or Foulham^ supposed from the dirtiness of the place. The first definition, we believe, has been generally adopted. SITUATION. The parish of Fulham, including the hamlet of Hammersmith, lies on the north bank of the Thames, in the hundred of Ossulston, and county of Middlesex. This county received its name from having been inhabited by a party of Saxons, who being situated in the midst of the three kingdoms of the East, West, and South Saxons, w^ere called by their neighbours Middlesaxons, which in common conversation was soon abbreviated to Middlesex. It possesses superior advantages over every other county in comprising the capital of the British empire ; and those ancient and populous parishes by which it is surrounded ; one of the most interesting of which, it is the object of the present w^ork to describe. BOUNDARIES AND EXTENT. The parish of Fulham is separated on the east from Chelsea by a rivulet, which rises in Wormholt Scrubs, and falls into the River Thames opposite to Battersea» ^ Norden's Speculum Britanniae, p. 20, London, 1593. OF FULHAM. 3 On the west it is bounded by Chiswick and Acton ; on the north by Wilsdon and Kensington ; and its southern boundary is the River Thames. It is, in length, from north to south, about five miles and a half, and in breadth near two miles. RIVER THAMES. The River Thames flows from west to east, in a winding course, round the southern boundary of this parish, from Chiswick to Chelsea, a distance of five miles. The views in passing down the river, approaching Fulham Bridge, including that of the Bishop's palace, the churches of Fulham and Putney, and the Surry hills, are universally allowed to equal any landscape In this country. The Thames has frequently been the subject of the poet's praise ; Pope, Thomson, and Denham, are among the number of those who have struck the lyre in honour of this noble and capacious river. Thomson calls it the King of Floods," and Denham charac- terises it in that celebrated passage : O could I flow like thee, and make thy stream My great example, as it is my theme : Though deep, yet clear, though gentle, yet not dull; Strong, without rage; without overflowing, full. Cooper's HilL Pope, in his luxuriant vein of poetry, describes this majestic stream by the following finely imagined per- sonification ; B 2 4 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT . From his oozy bed Old Father Thames advanc'd his reverend head ; His tresses dress'd with dews, and o'er the stream, His shining horns diffused a golden gleam. Grav'd on his urn appeared the moon, that guides His swelling waters and alternate tides; The figured streams in waves of silver rolFd, And on their banks Augusta rose in gold. Windsor Forest, l» 327. FISHERIES, The fisheries were leased in the seventeenth century to Sir Abraham Dav^es, Sir Nicholas Crispe, and others, for the annual rent of three salmons/ Flounders are taken here all the year, and used to be caught in great abundance, but since the completion of the new docks, below London Bridge, they have almost dis- appeared, owing to the spawn being carried by the tide into the docks, where it is destroyed, from the water being impregnated by the copper-bottomed vessels. The season for the blennetting for roach and dace begins on the first of July. They are caught here in great abundance, especially after a heavy rain. Their scales are sold to the Jews for the purpose of making false pearls, and are worth from twelve shillings to a guinea per quart. Smelt fishing begins on the 25th of March above London Bridge. Very few have appeared here during the last four years. Salmon fishing begins on the 1st of January, and ends on the 4th of September. The salmon caught * Lysons, vol,ii. p. 347. OF FULHAM. S here are highly esteemed, and sell from five to twelve shillings per pound. Only one was caught here during the last season ; they have abandoned the Thames since the opening of the docks, and now frequent the Medway^ where they are considered merely as salt water fish. The dragging for shads begins on the 10th of May, and continues to the end of June. This fish is caught in abundance, and is sold very cheap. Lamprey fishing begins on the ^i4th of August, and ends on the 30th of March. This fish used to be sold to the Dutch previous to the commencement of the present war. - Barbel are taken in great abundance in the season^ which begins on the 1st of July, and ends on the 1st of March. Eels are caught hereabouts very large and fine. The principal method of taking them is by means of pots made of basket-work, laid at the bottom of the river. A great many are also taken by bobbing. Sturgeons are sometimes caught here ; they are considered as a royal fish, and are claimed by the Lord Mayor^ who usually sends them to the King. The fishermen are entitled to a guinea for every fish. In the Thames, near Fulham Bridge, is a large shifting sand-bank, from which great quantities of sand are taken, and carried to London. The sand is in great repute among builders, for the purpose of mixing with lime. B 3 6 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT BRIDGE. The plan of this bridge was drawn by Mr. Chesel- den, Surgeon of Chelsea Hospital ; who, in his pro- fession, acquired the greatest reputation, and by the skill displayed in this useful piece of architecture, has shewn the affinity that exists among the sciences. Mr. Phillips, Carpenter to King George II. executed the work at the expense of 23,075/.; it was begun and finished in the year 1729.' It is 789 feet long and 24 feet wide. The largest opening for the passage of vessels is in the middle, which is thirty feet wide, and is called Walpole's Lock, so named in honour of the late Sir Robert Walpole, who was very instrumental in procuring an Act of Parliament for the building of this bridge. At convenient distances are two more locks, 25 feet wide ; all the rest are 15 feet and 10 feet alternately. Opposite to each other, at 10 feet distance, are works^ which look like bastions^ braced to each row of piles, which serve as buttresses to the bridge below and above, and make triangular recesses for the passengers. On Putney side there is a stone terrace, 16 feet wide, enclosed from the water by a wall, being the road from the bridge ; and to prevent the earth from bulging it out, there are arches turned horizontally in the bed of the road, a contrivance well adapted for this purpose, though never used before, by which means this wall has never bent or started, though the tide rises 12 feet against it, and it can be taken down at any time without the least inconvenience to the road. ' Gent. Mag. August 1736. OF FULHAM. 7 The sum of 62/. was directed by the Act to be divided annually between the widows and children of poor watermen of Fulham and Putney, as a recon> pence to their fraternity, who, upon the building of the bridge, were constrained from plying on Sundays^ The proprietors purchased the ferry, which, on an average, produced the owners 400/. per annum, for the sum of 8,000/. The Duchess of Marlborough received 364/. 10 s. for her interest in the ferry^ as Lady of the Manor of Wimbledon; and the Bishop of London 23/. for the same interest on the Fulham side, besides which he reserved to himself and his household the right of passing the bridge toll free.' His Majesty, for the passage of himself and his household, pays annually 100/. The greatest sum of money ever taken at this bridge in one day, was on the 10th of June 1811, when his Royal Highness the Prince Regent reviewed the Re- gulars and Volunteers, in number 28,000 mea, on Wimbledon Common. This w^as one of the noblest military spectacles that was ever exhibited in England ; and at which was present, as spectators, near half a million of peaceable and loyal subjects. ROADS AND WAYS. The roads in this parish were, till within the last half century, at times nearly impassable ; it required two teams of horses to draw one cart; and it was usual for the gardeners to assist each other on the I Lysons, vol.ii. p. 400. B 4 8 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT road to or from London. It appears from the parish-books, in the beginning of the seventeenth cen- tury, that the highway-rate amounted to nearly the same sum as the poor's-rate, a proof of their then wretched condition. Great improvements have, how- ever, been made within these few years; the roads, which are ui>Jer the management of the Kensington Trust, are now kept in good condition. A survey of these roads has lately been made, with a view^ to their farther improvement, the expense of w^hich is esti- mated at 40,000/. The private roads and ways, which are under the care of the parish officers, are likewise in a pro- gressive state of improvement. The Uxbridge road enters this parish at the bridge near Shepherd's Bush, and extends to x\cton. The great western road enters at Counter's Bridge, and passes through Hammer- smith. The Fulham road branches off from the great western road at Knightsbridge, enters this parish at Standford Bridge, and ends at Fulham Bridge. The King s Private Road enters at the bridge near Sandford Manor House, and ends in Fulham town. We have not been able to ascertain when this road was first made ; a plan of it is in the office of the Board of Works, but no docu^nent exists respecting its origin, nor are we acquainted with any authentic mention of it before the time of Elizabeth. OF FULHAM. 9 POPULATION. The earliest mention of the population of this parish occurs in the Chantry Roll, in the Augmentation Office, of 1 Edward VL anno 1547, in which it is thus mentioned : Fulham, Scil. " There is of howseling* people 4in the seid pische the nomber of ccccxliiij." The earliest register of this parish, now extant, begins in the year 1675. During the first five years, the baptisms, burials, &c. at Fulham and Hammer- smith, were entered promiscuously ; the average num- ber of baptisms was 137, that of burials 123. Since that time, the entries relating to each division have been kept separately. The average on the Fulham side have been as fol- lows Average of Baptisms. Average of Burials. 1680.. 1689 67 • 88 1730.. 1739 86 140 1780.. 1784 99 105 1784.. 1789 115 120 1790.. 1794 127 127 1795.. 1799 123 123 1800.. 1803 120 130 1804 -.1808 145 116 1809 163 115 The following tables exhibit a state of the population of this parish, with its increase during the last ten years : ^- '* Howseh'ng people/' or communicants, ^Lysons, vol. ii, 380, v, 154. 10 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Fulham Side, 1801. 181L The number of families in each house 900 1094 Number of males, including children 2086 2714 Number of females, iucluding children • • • • 2344 3189 Number of persons chiefly employed in agri- culture • 511 421 Number of persons chiefly employed in trade, manufacture, or handicraft 265 392 Number of persons not so employed 124 281 Total number of persons 5903 Hammersmith Side. 181L Families emploj^ed in agriculture 211 Ditto in trade, manufactures, and handicraft 965 Ditto not comprised in the two preceding classes • • • • 345 Males 3262 Females 4131 Total 7393 Total number of persons in the parish 13,296 poor's rate. The poor's rates are collected half-yearly ; on the Fulham side they are rated at one shilling in the pound, and on the Hammersmith side at one shilling and six- pence. In the year 1811, they amounted, on the Fulham Mde, to 2059 16 0 And on the Hammersmith side, to 3695 30 0 5755 6 0 In the year IS^T, the poor's-rates for the Fulham side^ including legacies and donations, amounted only OF FULHAM. 11 to the sum of 30/. lis. ^d. and the disbursements for the same year amounted to 29/. I7s, 8d, as appears from the following account taken from the parish- books. The accounte of William Earsbey and William Goodwright, overseers for the poore of Fulham syde^ for the yeare of our Lorde God^ 1627 : Received in stocke of the former Overseers for the poore as appeareth on theire accounte 2 8 3 Reed, more of the aforesaid Overseers of the moneye behinde and unpaid of the asseassment • 0 5 10 Reed, of the first asseassment for the poore, as ap- peareth by the collection-booke 13 4 0 Reed, of the second asseassment for the poore, as appeareth by the same booke 5 6 7 Reed, of Thomas Holwene, Churchwarden for three paste yeares rent for the poores land 4 10 0 Reed, of Thomas Hyll, gent, the use money for one yeare of a legacie given by Dr. Duport and Edmund Powell, gent, for the use of the poore 0 12 0 Reed, of the Churchwardens for two yeares last past of a legacie given by John Powell, gent, deceased, to be paid yearly e 1 o 0 Reed, of John Fludd a legacie given by Mr. Ed- wardes •••• • 0 5 0 Reed, of James Clewitt for three quarters rent for the house that was Barnfieldes at Lady-day last past 1 10 0 Reed, of Bartholomew Merideth for one yeare and halfes rent for the poores land 1 10 0 Summe is 30 11 8 Payed for pention poore, Szc. • • ♦ 29 17 8 12 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT LAND TAX. Fulham is assessed in the sum of 1,110/. 10^. Id. for the land-tax, which, in the year 1811, was at the rate of one shilling in the pound upon the houses, and one shilling and two-pence in the pound upon the land. The Hamlet of Hammersmith is assessed in the sum of 888/. at the rate of nine-pence in the pound upon the houses and land. £. s. ' Annual amount of the land-tax for the whole parish 1998 10 1 OF FULHAM. 13 CHAPTER II. Agriculture and Soil, Botanic Gardens and Nurseries, Com- monsy Manufactories, West Middlesex Water Works, and Grand Junction CanaL AGRICULTURE AND SOIL. Gardening, as a branch of commerce, may, in general, be considered as of small importance, yet, in the neighbourhood of London, from its immense and constant consumption of vegetables and fruit, it has become a most profitable as well as important pursuit. An increased consumption of vegetables by the inha- bitants of the metropolis has been remarked to have taken place, within the last half century most highly conducive to their health, and it cannot but be useful to examine the methods by which they are brought to that state of perfection, which, undoubtedly, has con- tributed to this desirable end.^ * It was not till the end of the reign of Henry VIII. that any sallads, carrots, turnips, or other edible roots, were produced in England. The little of these vegetables that was used, was for- merly imported from Holland and Flanders. Queen Catharine, when she wanted a sallad, was obliged to dispatch a messenger thither on purpose/' — Hume's Hist, of England, anno. 1547. Fuller, who wrote in the year 1660, speaking of the gardens of Surry, says, " Gardening was first brought into England for profit, about 70 years ago ; before which we fetched most of our 14 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT The parish of Fulham may be justly denominated the great fruit and kitchen garden, north of the Thames, for the supply of the London market ; a small propor- tion only being reserved for herbage and meadow; and, excepting from thirty to forty acres in nursery- grounds, the remainder may be considered as employed for this useful purpose/ The orchards, or fruit-grounds, were first stocked with apples, pears, cherries, plumbs, walnuts, &c. which are called the upper crop; and, secondly, with rasp- berries, gooseberries, currants, and all such fruits, shrubs, and herbs, as will sustain the wet with the least injury; this is called the under crop. This mode, however, which has prevailed a long time, is on the decline ; and in new plantations, the gardeners prefer placing their fruit-trees in rows, leaving an open space for what was usually before denominated the under cherries from Holland, apples from France, and hardly had a mess ©f rath ripe peas but from Hoiland, which were dainties for ladies, they came so far, and cost so dear. Since gardening hath crept put of Holland to Sandwich, Kent, and thence to Surrey, where, though they have given Gl. an acre and upwards, they have made their rent, lived comfortable, and set many people to work. Oh the incredible profit of digging of ground ! for though it be con« fessed, that the plough beats the spade out of distance for speed, (almost as much as the press beats the pen,) yet what the spade wants in the quantities of ground it manureth, it recompenselh with the plenty of the food it yieldeth, that which is set multiply^ ing a hundred fold more than that which is sown. 'Tis incredible how many poor people in London live thereon ; so that, in some seasons, the gardens feed more people than the field/' Fuller's Worthies, part iii. p, 77. Middletons Agriculture of Middlesex, p. 124. OF FULHAM. 15 crop, by which means the cultivation is more open to the sun and air, and can be varied by the occasional introduction of vegetables. The soil is altogether adapted to this culture as well as to that of vegetables, being, in general, either a strong staple mould on sand or gravel, which improves most highly on working ; or when nearer the river, a light, rich, sandy loam on gravel, and that in very small proportion, which, although strong, is rather sour and bad for workino;. It has, however, been remarked, that this soil, in general so favourable to fruit trees, is not so to the pear tree ; and it is thought that the under soil of gravel, or sand, is too loose for that tree, wMch ap- pears to flourish best when planted on an under strata of loam, or rock. The greater part of the pear trees in this parish are in a state of decay. The cultivation of these, how^ever, as well as goose- berries, is very partial, compared to the vegetables, which, as the most profitable crop, in general gains the ground as the old orcbai^ds are cleared away ; and the mode of manuring, dunging, and managing the grounds allotted to them, is particularly attended to in this parish. It has been observed, that old garden-ground replete with the vegetable salts^ afforded by dung, receives but little benefit from its application in a crude state. A production of sour weeds is sure to follow, from litter remaining a long time without coming into complete action with the soil. It is, therefore, found necessary by the gardeners to throw the long dung and litter they bring from Lon- 16 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT don and otherwise into square pens or holes made for its reception ; to these they occasionally apply water to assist the fermentation ; and by a hole in the centre to receive it, they avoid the waste which this mode would otherwise occasion ; they thus bring the dung quickly to the state which it must arrive at before it can benefit vegetation, or enrich the ground, and are enabled to calculate on its effect immediately ; and as practical experience is the best criterion, this mode must be estimated accordingly. The mode of applying the dung in a crude state is sometimes had recourse to for want of time, but is found to produce but little immediate effect, and therefore is of little use, especially where crops are calculated to arrive at perfection by a certain time. Their mode of cropping is this : in January they sow on heat, lettuce^ with a sprinkling of cabbage- seed for plants, and so from February onwards. At the same time, raising great quantities of small sal- lad under glass for supply in succession, and from about that time till February, early peas on banks sloped for that purpose to the south. About twenty-five acres in the parish are sown with radishes, which is the first crop of consequence ; with these are sown carrots, onions, or parsley, &c. which is called the under crop ; or the land is planted with potatoes, peas, or beans, the latter not so fre- quently as the former. In February, the first land, as cleared from the winter, is planted successively with cabbages and lettuces, to be succeeded with Prussian peas, or spinach, or it is sown with peas, onions^ &c. OF FULHAM. 17 When the ground is stocked with cabbages, one row in seven is often cleared in May and June, and then planted with cucumbers, which spread themselves under the cabbages, and succeed them. These have been known to have been succeeded, in favourable years, by two crops of coleworts, or green cabbages, which are calculated before the ensuing February ; thus making four complete crops within the year. The mode of half cropping, by throwing spinach among cabbages, or otherwise, is now generally ex- ploded ; it being found the best plan that the under crop should have the entire benefit of the ground during a certain time. Cauliflowers, brocoli, carrots, and parsnips, are not so much cultivated as other vegetables, on account of their occupying the ground too long Onions, which succeed in this soil remarkably well for the same rea- son, would hardly be much grown, w'ere it not for the method of drawing them in September and October, whilst green, to be succeeded by coleworts, turnips, and spinach, and again by coleworts. Those grounds sown with peas are frequently trenched, dunged well in June and July, and this crop succeeded by lettuce plants raised under glass as before mentioned; and these are esteemed to be the earliest and best known at market The broken beards of the leeks are conceived by the gardeners to leave saline particles in the ground, highly congenial to lettuce ; and, accordingly, this practice is generally followed. It is scarcely possible^ even in a much larger space, c 18 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT to enumerate the variety of succession as adopted ii the crops according to the seasons, accidents, &c. But it is certain, by these methods, and the favourable circumstance of a constant demand, four complete crops of vegetables are often obtained, and never less, upon an average, than three. The management of the hot-house and preserves for cherries is attended with great difficulty ; as articles of luxury, the supply must be forced frequently for par- ticulai times, which occur as chance directs, and by these means keeps the attention of the gardeners con- stantly alive. By this attention, however, pines, grapes, cherries, &c. are brought forward to great perfection^ and almost to a certain day.' The gardeners employ in the summer season a con- siderable number of labourers ; the wages of the men are from 15^. to 20^., and of the women from 7s. to 9s. per week. Most of the women travel on foot from Shropshire and North Wales in the spring; they have lodgings free of expence, and live chiefly out of the produce of the gardens ; by these means they are ena- bled to save money enough to keep themselves com- fortably daring the winter after they return home. The management of these concerns has, as a branch of commeFce, been known to enrich its pursuers to a ' The gardens about Hammersmith are famous for strawberries, raspberries^ currants, gooseberries, and such like ; and, if early fruit is our desire^ Mr. Millet's at North End, near the same place, affords us cherries, apricots, and curiosities of those kinds, some Bionths before the natural season/' Bradley'^ Philos. Aec. Works of Nature ^ ^,185, Lond. ITS^l. OF FULHAM. 19 Considerable extent ; and is, at least in the vicinity of the metropolis, an exception to any general rule, as to its little importance, which, when allied to the consi- deration of its utility to the general health of the public, makes it a subject of regret, that its importance is not more attended to^ in the vicinity of the other great towns of the Empire. FULHAM NURSERY AND BOTANIC GARDEN. This nursery is situated on the King's Road ; and we find, by early wTiters on botany, was established more than a century since by Messrs. Furber and Gray^ the most eminent nurserymen of their time. Mark Catesby, Peter Collinson, Philip Miller, and other botanists and travellers, contributed many rare plants which they collected or procured from foreign coun- tries ; and it vvas further enriched by the purchase of a great part of Bishop Compton's collection, which was sold in the time of his successor. The many large and handsome specimens now in existence shew their antiquity, and the excellence of the soil. The cork-tree, Quercus Suber^ was introduced here at a very early period, and has for many years perfected its acorns. The nettle-tree, Celtis Occi- dentalis^ is one of the largest in the country, and ripens its seed. The tall Ailanthus, Ailajithus Glandulosa^ is upwards of 40 feet high The Pirsamin plum, Diospyriis Virginiana^ has borne fruit. The immense leaves and stately growth of the champion oak, Quercus Rubra^ give it superiority in beauty to any of its com- petitors, and of which this is a most striking specimen* c2 £0 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT The Ragnal oak, is one of the finest in the kingdom The sassafras-tree, Laurus Sassafras^ and the American Allspice, Calycanthus Floridus, were sent here -from America by Catesby, being their first introduction into this country. But the celebrity of this nursery was much increased by its possessing the first Magjiolia Grandifiora^ from which almost all the large plants in this country have ema- nated ; such as those at Godwood, Sion, and other places. The original tree (of which the dead trunk is still preserved) in the meridian of its vigour, measured in circumference 4 feet 10 inches; its branches ex- tended 20 feet ; it was as many feet high, and its fra- grance perfumed the whole neighbourhood. This nursery is of considerable extent, and is now in the possession of Messrs. Whitley, Brames, and Milne, who have added to their former stock a very extensive collection of American, and other foreign plants, from their nursery at Old Brompton ; and it may bf presumed, from their spirited commencement of improvements, that it will become as complete an establishment of the kind as any in the environs of the metropolis. Messrs. Lee and Kennedy's. This nursery is situated on the great western road near Hammersmith Turnpike. It was formerly a vine- yard, where. great quantities of Burgundy wine were made ; a thatched house was built, and large cellars were made to keep the wine ; the rooms above which * Miller's Gardener's Dictionary. ✓ OF FULllAM. . 2 I were afterwards in the occupation of Worlidge the en- graver, and here he executed the most valuable and admired of his works. The family of Messrs. Lee and Kennedy have occu- pied these premises for seventy years, and have carried on an extensive business at home, and to all parts of the world, and have been the means of introducing a greater number of plants into this country than any nurserymen in England. This nursery is considered as the first establishment of the kind in Europe ; and here may be seen the greatest variety of exotic plants, from every clime, cultivated with that admirable skill and order as reflect the highest credit on the proprietors. Amongst the most rare and curious we have noticed, in particular, the following : Emhothrium Speciosissimum, or Warrata, Papyrus, from Egypt. Ligustrum Lucidum, from China, broad-leaved Privet, a hardy evergreen. Calycanthus Prcecox ; flowers all the winter, very fragrant. Strelitzia Regince ; named after her Majesty. Taxus Hihernce ; Irish Yew tree. Wytstnia Coryynhosa ; very beautiful. Mor us Papyrifera ; male and female plants. The Chinese make paper of this plant. Pinus Lanceolata, from China ; a very interesting new hardy tree. Hassagay Tree, Camelia; all the double and single varieties that have been introduced. P^eonia ArboreOy Tree Paeonies, from China ; four kinds, very superb. The Norfolk Island Pine, which grows to the enormous height of 280 feet in its own country. C 3 HISTORICAL ACCOtJNT The late Mr. Lee was the author of An Intro- duction to Botany," a work now in general use. Lin- naeus honoured him by calling a genus of plants after his name, class and ovdev—Pentandria, Monogynia. We observed, during the year 1811, the following indigenous plants, growing wild on the banks of the Thames, and elsewhere, within the bounds of this parish : Money Wort — Lysimachia Nummularia. Purple Willow-herb — Lythrum Salicaria, Water Violet — Huitonia Palustris. Great Water-dock — Riimex Aquaticus. Bloody-dock — Rumex Sangui- neus. Valeriana Dioica^ or Dicecious Valerian. Flouring Rush — Butomus Umbellatus. Marsh Trefoil— 3Ieni/ at lies Trijoliatus. Marsh Mary gold— CcfftAfl Palustris. WORMHOLT COMMON, OR SCRUBS. The piece of waste called Wormholt Common, or Scrubs, is situated near the Harrow Road^ and on the north of the Uxbridge Road. If: M^as formerly a wood, and consisted of above 200 acres, about 60 of which have been inclosed. In the year 1812 a lease of this com- mon was taken by Government for the term of twenty- one years, at a rent of 100/. per annum, for the pur- pose of exercising the two regiments of Life Guards ; the money to be equally divided between Fulham and Hammersmith, and the copyholders to enjoy the usual privileges of turning in their cattle to graze. The sol- diers have since levelled it, and made it in a proper condition for exercising the troops. The following orders concerning Wormholt Wood Of FULHAM. were presented at a Court held for the Manor of Ful- ham on the 9th day of May, 1 Jac. I. anno l603, and at divers other courts held before that time : liTiprimis, We present that no person or persons within this manor, shall put into the commons any more cattle than their ordinary stint, viz. into Woorine-old- Wood every tenement-holder two beasts, and every owner that hath land in the common fields may put for every three acres one beast, and every farmer may for every four acres in the common fields put one beast, and no more ; so that none shall exceed the number of ten beasts, upon pain for every person or persons ex- ceeding that number, shall forfeit and loose to the lord for every beast 00 06 OS II. Item, That no person or persons shall keep on the commons any more hoggs or hoggrels than their ordi- nary stint, viz. For every cottage two, for every tene- ment-holder three, and every farmer or landholder ten, and no more: and that every person or persons shall keep them lawfully lawed from time to time according to the ancient custom of this manor, upon pain to for- feit to the lord for every hogg or hoggrel found on the commons or other places, exceeding the respective number aforesaid, or not lawfully lawed the sum of • • 00 01 00 III. Item, That no person or persons within this parish of Fulham shall at any time hereafter maintain, harbour, lodge, or keep any out-dwellers or vagrant persons whatsoever^ except they be covenanted with them by the year, that shall come to work in summer- time with any person or persons any longer time thaij until Michaelmas next following, upon pain to forfeit to the lord for every person or persons so offending the sum of • 01 19 10 IV. Item, That if any person or persons within this parish of Fulham shall at any time hereafter, erect^ c 4 24 HISTOmCAL ACCOUNT /. s. d, make, or convey, any tenement or cottage for any to dwell in or inhabit in them, or else do take any tene- ment, or inhabit or dwell in any of them that are out- dwellers, or do come from other places, except they will enter into bond of 40/.a-piece to the churchwardens and overseers for the time being, to discharge the inhabitants of the said parish of all such charge or burden which may in time to come grow upon the inhabitants of the said parish by them or any of their family, upon pain every person so offending, shall forfeit to the lord • • . . 01 19 10 V. Item, That if any person or persons within this parish shall receive into his or their service any woman or women being great with child, or shall permit or suf- fer them or any of them to lodge in any of their houses or barns, by means whereof any of the said women shall happen to be delivered of child within the said parish, then every such person or persons so receiving her, or them, shall keep the child or children so born in the said parish, and discharge the parish thereof, or else pay down to the churchwardens and overseers for the poor for the time being, towards the maintenance and keeping of the said child and children •....-..« 10 00 0@ VI. Item, That no person or persons witliin this manor, shall from henceforth keep any sheep or lambs upon the commons or fields, except it be upon their own grounds, upon pain to forfeit to the lord, for every sheep or lamb being so taken 00 03 04 VII. Item, That no person or persons shall put in any horse or other cattle into Hel brook until the last day of April every yf^ar henceforth ; nor shall not at any time or times after the 11th of May put in nor take out any of their said catties, any other way but the old and accustomed way, upon pain to forfeit to the lord for every such offence 01 00 00 VIII. item, riiat none of the inhabitants within the parish of Fulham, nor any other out dweller, which hath any allowance or right of common in Woi*meali Wood, OF FULHAM. 25 s. d, shall put any cattle there hereafter at St. Luke's Tide, or at May-day, unless they be first marked by the wood-keeper, or others chosen and appointed by the homage of this court, to see every man's cattle marked with the wood-mark : and that they shall not put in I heir cattle by any other way but only at the common gates there, on pain to forfeit for every beast not so marked - • 00 06 08 IX. Item, That no man shall put into Wormeall- Wood any more cattle than their ordinary stint, upon pain to forfeit to the lord for every beast above 00 06 08 X. Item, That all persons that put into Wormeall- Wood any cattle before they be marked with the wood- mark, (which wood-mark shall be ready on May Eve at Wormeall Gate, and that they come not before May Eve, which is their accustomed day to put any cattle into Wormeall, but afterwards if they come to bring their cattle to the pound at Hammersmith, there their cattle shall be marked with the wood-mark by Michael Lawrance, Thomas Turvin, and John Basford the smith, or any of them before they be put into the said wood) shall, upon pain of every beast being put in unmarked, forfeit to the lord of this manor 00 06 OS XL Item, That none of the inhabitants within the parish of Fulham, shall exceed, or keep more hogs or hoggrels than their ordinary stint, that is to say, no new cottager shall keep any hogs or hoggrels, and that no old cottager shall keep above two ; and every cottager that hath store of lands, shall keep not above ten, upon pain of every man so offending to forfeit to the lord 00 06 08 XIL Item, That no manner of person or persons, having right of comnion in Wormeall-Wood, shall put in any beast or cattle before the hour of four of the clock in the morning on the last day of April, being May Eve; for then, by that hour, there shall be markers ready that are appointed, upon pain to forfeit to the lord for every beast that is found in the wood before that hour, and afterwards unmarked •••••• • 00 03 04 26 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT EEL BROOK, OR HELL-BROOK-COMMON-. This common, which is mentioned in the preceding regulations, is situated near Walham Green, and is bounded by the King s Road on the south ; it consists of about eleven acres of land, which might, with little expense, be converted into excellent garden- ground ; it serves now merely for the grazing a few head of cattle. There are no records existing in the parish relative to this common ; it is estimated as a part of the manor, and the copyholders have it under their care and management, subject to the regulations above-mentioned. MANUFACTORIES. About the vear 1753, Peter Parisot established a manufactory of ? arpets and tapestry at Fulham, where both the work of the Gobelines, and the art of dyeing scarlet and black, as then practised at Chaillot and Sedan, were carried on. Parisot had engaged some workmen from Chaillot, whom, at first, he employed at Paddington, but afterwards removed to Fulham, where the Gobeline manufacture had already been esta- blished, and where he had conveniences for a great number of artists of both sexes, and for such young persons as might be sent to learn the arts of drawing, weaving, dyeing, and other branches of the work. Parisot's manufacture was particularly patronized by the Duke of Cumberland, and countenanced by other branches of the Royal Family. Great expectations were raised by this undertaking, but the goods were OF FULHAM. 27 too expensive for general use, and the manufactory soon declined. An account of it was published in 1753.' The above manufactories adjoined the Golden Lion in Fulham tow^n ; the premises were afterwards con^ verted into a school, and then a playhouse : the whole were pulled down about the year 1770, and houses built upon their site Fulham Pottery^ In the year 1684, Mr. John Dwight, an Oxfordshire gentleman, who had been secretary to Bryan Walton, Henry Ferne, and George Hall, successively bishops of Chester, invented, and established at Fulham, a manufactory of earthern wares, known by the name of White Gorges, marbled porcelain vessels, statues, and figures, and fine stone gorges and vessels, never before made in England ; al^ro transparent porcelain, and opacous red, and dark-coloured porcelain, or China and Persian wares, and the Cologne or stone wares. For these manufactures a patent was obtained in the year above-mentioned. This manufactory is now carried on by Mr. White, a descendant in the female line of the first proprietor. Mr. White's father, who married a niece of Dr. Dwig^ht, vicar of Fulham, obtained a premium, in the year 1761, from the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, for making crucibles of British materials. The arti- cles now manufactured consist chiefly of stone jars, pots, &c. An erroneous tradition has prevailed, that this ' Gent. Mag, 1753, 1754, 28 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT manufactory was commenced by a younger brother of the unfortunate Dutch Minister, De Witt, who escaped the massacre of his family, and fled to England in the year 1672 with his mothei\ The tradition describes circumstantially the character of the old lady, who is said to have maintained a kind of sullen dignity in her misfortunes, and to have been inaccessible except to the Kmg, who sometimes visited her at Fulham. The fallacy of the w4iole story is, however, evident by a letter now in the possession of Mr. White, from which it appears, that the first projector of this manu- facture was the son of a gentleman in Oxfordshire, who gave him a liberal education, and that he after- wards became ^' Register and Scribe" to the three bishops of Chester before mentioned.' Patent Cask Manufactory. At the eastern extremity of the parish, where it is separated from that of Chelsea by a small creek run- ning to the Thames, and which is navigable for a short distance when the tide flows, is situated Sand- ford Manor House, formerly of some note, from having been the residence of the celebrated Nell Gwynn. The mansion is of venerable appearance ; and immediately in front are four walnut-trees affording an agreeable shade, that are said to have been planted by royal hands, and the fruit is esteemed of a pecu- liarly fine quality. A medallion in plaster of the fair Eleanor, which was some years ago found on the estate, is now in the possession of Mr. William Howard of Walham Green. ' Lysons, vol. ii. p. 400, OF FULHAM. ^ 29 These premises, which have frequently changed hands, both as to tenants and proprietors, are now appropriated to a most ingenious and useful manufac- ture, " the making casks by machinery," for which royal letters patent have been granted, and the patent subsequently extended to both Ireland and Scotland. The manifest advantage derived from this great improvement in the manufacture of casks, by its uniting all the component parts on strict mathematical principles, instead of the rude mode hitherto adopted in the science of cooperage, justifies our highest com- mendation of so important an invention. WEST MIDDLESEX W^ATE R-WORKS. The West Middlesex Water-works are situated at Hammersmith; they were established in the year 1806 pursuant to an Act of Parliament, by which the proprietors of those works were made a body corpo- rate, and empowered to supply the towns and villages of Hammersmith, Fulham, Kensington, Chiswick Ealing, Hanwell, Old Brentford, Heston, Hounslow, and Isleworth, in Middlesex ; and Battersea, Wands- worth, Putney, Barnes, Mortlake, Richmond, and Kew, in Surry. Another Act was obtained, in the year 1810, for empowering the company to raise a further sum of money to extend their works into the parishes of St. James, St. Anne^ Soho, St. Mary-le-Strand, St. Cle- ment-Danes, and St. Paul, Covent-Garden, in the city of Westminster ; and into the parishes of Padding- ton^ St, Mary-le-bonne, and Pancras, 30 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT GRAND JUNCTION CANAL, Through the northern extremity of this parish runs the Paddington Canal, for which an Act was obtained in the year 1795, communicating with the Grand Junc- tion Canal at Norwood. This latter canal was exe- cuted under a Bill obtained in the year 1793^ and begins at Braunston in Northamptonshire, where it joins the Oxford Canal, and ends at the Thames near Brentford. By this inland navigation the metropolis is connected with all the different canals which have been made in the midland and north-western parts of England ; thereby affording a cheap and easy con- veyance of all the various articles of manufacture, and the produce of the counties through which the line of canals passes, comprehending the great and commer- cial port of Liverpool, the considerable manufacturing towns of Manchester, Sheffield, Birmingham, Notting- ham, &c., the salt-mines of Cheshire, the potteries, the coals and iron of Staffordshire and Worcestershire, besides the great advantages resulting to the agricul- tural interests of the country by the transport of lime and various sorts of manure. Great quantities of timber for his Majesty's dock-yards at Deptford, and for the use of ship-builders in general, are conveyed by the same channel ; also government stores and ammunition to the dep6t, which, upon the completion of this canal, was established on an extensive scale at Weedon. The length of the Grand Junction Canal, with all its col- lateral branches, is 140 miles. The canal was not completed till March 1805, when the Blisworth Tun- OF FULHAM. 31 nel was opened. The long interval from its com- mencement until its final completion, may be attri- buted to the very considerable difficulties which the undertakers had to encounter, during the progress of the works, independent of the excavating such a vast length of canal, which is 36 feet wide, at the top level, Q4i feet at the bottom, and 4 feet 6 inches in depth. It required the erection of upwards of 200 bridges, the construction of 110 locks of 86 feet in length and 15 feet in clear width, and an average rise of 7 feet in each, requiring 9,030 cubic feet, or 250 tons of water; the forming of two tunnels^ one at Ellsworth and the other at Braunston; the former of 3,080 yards in length, 15 feet wide and 19 feet high, and the latter 2,045 yards in length, and of the same dimensions as the former. The great range of chalk-hills, near Tring, are passed by a deep cutting, extending 3 miles in length, and the greatest depth 30 feet. In several other parts of the canal, there are likewise deep cut- tings, of considerable magnitude. The canal is carried over the valley of the river Ouse, between Wolver- ton and Cosgrove, by an embankment of 40 feet in height, and an aqueduct, which is now constructed of iron, the former brick one, of three arches, having fallen in, in the year 1808. There are likewise em- bankments of almost equal magnitude atWeedon, and at Bugbrook, besides numerous lesser embankments and aqueducts in different places ; there are seven large reservoirs, from which, and other resources, the canal is, at all times, most abundantly supplied with 32 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT • • • water. The trade upon the canal, which is now very extensive, has been uniformly increasing. Arti- cles of commerce, including those of every descrip- tion, conveyed along the line in the last year, amounted to 527,767 tons. This trade, great as it now is, must soon receive a very considerable addition from other lines of communication, which are now forming, particularly from the Grand Union Canal; the works of which are now m a state of such forward- ness, that they are expected to be completed by the latter end of next year. This canal will join the Grand Junction Canal at Long Buckby, in Northamp- tonshire, and the Old Union Canal, at Market Harbo- _ rough ; a direct inland navigation will then be formed from the metropolis to the north-eastern parts of the kingdom. A canal is likewise now making from the Grand Junction Canal at Marsworth to the town of Aylesbury* Another collateral branch from the Grand Junction Canal is likewise about to be made to the town of Northampton, to join the river Nen. And in the late sessions of parliament, a bill was obtained for extend- ing the canal at Paddington to the Docks at Lime- house, by which the goods brought up by the Grand Junction Canal will be forwarded in the same boats directly to the place of their destination, instead of being deposited in warehouses at Paddington, and afterwards carried from thence into the city, and to the Docks. We have thought it necessary to draw the attention of our readers to a work of such considerable import- OF FULHAM. 33 ance as that of the Grand Junction Canal, embracing as it does so many objects worthy the consideration of a commercial people, and affording so many advan- tages to the merchant, the manufacturer, and the agriculturist. BISTOllICAX. ACCOUNT CHAPTER III. Rectory and Vicarage, Parish Churchy Tomhsj and Monu- mental Inscriptions ; Chapel of St. Paul at Hammersmith, At the first establishment of Christianity in England^ there were no parochial divisions of cures, for the bishops sent out their clergy to preach to the people as they saw occasion ; but after the inhabitants had gene- rally embraced Christianity, this itinerant going from place to place was found very inconvenient, and it was deemed necessary to settle the bounds of parochial cures. At first, they made use of any old British churches that had escaped the Saxon idolaters, and afterwards, from time to time, churches were built and endowed by lords of manors and others, for the use of the inhabitants of their several districts. Some of our writers have ascribed the first insti- tution of parishes in England to Honorius, Archbishop of Canterbury, about 636. But Mr. Selden is of opinion, that they were divided before his time. In Dooms- day Book the parishes agree very nearly with the present division. The perambulating of the circuits of parishes in Rogation week, was a very ancient general custom, and one of those retained by the reformed church ; for by an injunction of Queen jElizabeth it is ordered. I OF FULHAM. 35 That the people shall, ouce a year, at the time accustomed, with the curate and substantial men of the parish, walk about the parishes as they were accustomed, and at their return to church, rhake their common prayers ; provided that the curate in the said common perambulation, as heretofore in the days of Rogations, at certain convenient places, shall admonish the people to give God thanks in the beholding of God's benefits, for the increase and abundance of his fruits upon the face of the earth, with the saying of the ] 04th psalm, &c ; at which time also the said minister shall inculcate this and such like sentences, ^ Cursed be he which translateth the bounds and doles of his neighbour,' or such other order of prayer as shall be hereafter appointed."^ One of our church homilies is also composed expressly for this occasion. The perambulation of the bounds is still performed once in seven years in this parish^ though not attended with all its ancient ceremonies ; the last took place in 1812. The rectory of Fulham is a sinecure ; it is in the patronage of the Bishop of London, and has always - been connected with the manor. In the year 1420 it was appropriated by Bishop Clifford to the Priory of Sheen ; to which appropriation the consent of the Dean and Chapter of St Paul's was obtained, and it was confirmed by the King's patent but it does ' Gibson's Codex. PaU 9 Hen. V. pt. i. m. 1. D 2 56 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT not appear that the convent ever presented to the benefice. In the year 1327, the rectory was valued at thirty . / marks per annum ^ exclusive of a pension of Gi.per annum, payable to the Chancellor of St. Paul's Ca- thedral.' The rectorial lands have been held on a lease for lives^ from time immemorial ; the lessee paying a re- served rent of 40/. per annum to the rector. The sum of 41. \5s. per annum, deducted from the 40/. abovementioned, is now paid by the rector of Fulham to the Chancellor of St. Paul's, in lieu of a meadow at Fulham^ together with the tythes of Ealing and Madeley, which were granted to the school be- longing to the cathedral church of St. Paul, by Richard de Beaumis, the first of that name, Bishop * of London, in the reign of Henry T ; and also the tythes arising in the demesnes of Fulham and Horset, with an acre of land at Horset, which were given to the same school by Bishop Richard Fitz Neale in the time of Richard I."" Onera hvij us Ecclesia et Vicariee, ^ Primitiae Decimae Rect. 16 0 0 Vip. 10 0 0 Rect. 1 12 0 Vic. 10 0 Rect. 0 15 0 Vic. 0 4 0 6 0 0 « Harl. MSS. Brit. Mus. No. 60. ^ Newcourt's Repertorium, vol. i. p. 109 o OF FULHAM. 37 RECTORS. John de Sancto Clara was rector in tlie time of Ralph de Baldock, Bishop of London, and was succeeded by 3336, William Vigorous. John de Flamstead, who was likewise a prebend of Toten- • hall, held the rectory till his death, though the time of his admission does not appear : his successor was, 1364, 17 Kal. January, Robert de Wyssingset, William Sherbourne was presented to it by Bishop Sud- bury, and Nicholas Hibury held it in the time of Bishop Grey ; on his death 1428, May 13. Richard Moresby, LL.B. He was collated to the prebend of Hoxton, May 31, 1427, and exchanged this rectory, Feb. 27, 1429, with Henry Mereston, for the church of St. Magnus, London, where he was rector, in 1433, when Robert Fitzhugh, Bishop of London, con- i firmed the composition made between the Mayor and commonalty of London and him, the said Moresby, about the oblation made in the chapel of St. Thomas the Martyr, on London Bridge. He was collated to the arch- deaconry of London 1430, which he resigned in 1442, and his prebend of Hoxton in 1443. 1429, Henry Mereston, who was admitted to the rectory of St. Magnus, London, May 6, 1428, and exchanged it with Richard MQresby, as abovementioned. Nicholas Sturgeon resigned the rectory in 3 452, July 1 5, and John Drewell was collated to in his room. He was succeeded in 1458, By Robert Ballard^ who held it till 24th November, 1465, When John Waynjleete was admitted, 1476, May 5, Richard Alleyne was present«^d to it by Bishop Kemp, on the resignation of John Waynfleete, and held it till his death in 1488, When he was succeeded by Richard Hill, Prebendary of D 3 38 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Sarum, and Dean of the King's Chapel, who, on the 21st August, 1489, was promoted to the See of London. 1489. On the^roinotion of Bishop Hill, the king, Henry VII. in virtue of his royal prerogative, presented Henry Ayns- worthy LL.D. to this rectory, who held it till 1517, When, on his resignation, John Adams, S.T.P. was pre- sented to it by Bishop Fitzjames. On his death, in 1523, Galfridus Wharton, D.D. succeeded. He was vicar-general to Bishop Tunstall, and held the prebend of Isledon ; in April, 1524, he was admitted to the vicarage of Sawbridge- worth, Herts. Dr. Wharton died in 1529, When, on 30th October, Robert Rydley, S.T.P. was pre- sented to the rectory by Bishop Tunstall. In 1523 he held the rectory of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate, with the prebend of Mora; and on 20th Feb. 1526, was admitted rector of St. Edmund, Lombard-street ; he afterwards enjoyed successively the prebendal stalls of St. Andrew and of Isledon. He died hi May, 1536, and was suc- ceeded by 1536, Simon Haynes, S.T.P. who was master of Queens College, Cambridge, Canon of Windsor, and Dean of Exeter. On 29th January, 1534, he was admitted Vicar of Stepney, but resigned in 1537. He died in October 1552.* On the death of Dr. Haynes, Edmund West, A.M. was presented to the rectory by Bishop Bonner, 1552, 21st October. He held it till 13th September, 1554, When Thomas Moreton, LL.B. was admitted to it. On his death, 1st of October, 1558, Thomas Darby shire, LL.D. succeeded. He was of Broad- gate Hall (now Pembroke College) in the University of Oxford, and took the degree of Doctor of Civil Law, Feb. 17, 1555. His mother was the sister of Bishop Bonner, and to that prelate he was indebted for all hJ- preferments. In 1548, he gave him the Prebend of Tottenham, and in 1554 the Rectory of Hackney. Soon * Wood's Athen. Oxon. vol. i. p. 672. OF FULHAM. S9 after he became Rector of Fulliam, he was admitted to the Rectory of St. Magnus, London Bridge. He was also Chancellor of the diocese, and bore a considerable part in the examination of heretics, as they were then called. In the beginning of Queen Elizabeth's reign, he was deprived of all his spiritualities, went to France, and at length entered the society of Jesuits. For some years he gave public lectures in divinity in the city of Paris with great applause, and died, in a good old age, in Lor- raine in 1604/ 1559, On the deprivation of Dr. Darbyshire, Edmund Layfield^ A.M. was presented to the rectory, 31st January, by Bishop Grindall, and enjoyed it till his death in 1583, When John Dewport, A.M. was admitted to it. He w^as succeeded by Henry King, the eldest son of Dr. King, Bishop of London, who was born at Wurnai, in Bucks, in January, 1591. He was educated in the free school at Thame, in Oxfordshire, and afterwards at Westminster School, from whence he was elected student of Christ Church, in Oxford, in 16O8. Afterwards, he took the degree in arts, entered into holy orders, and was collated to the Prebend of Saint Pancras, the Rectory of Fulham, and to the Archdeaconry of Colchester, He became a most florid preacher, and was successively Chaplain in Or- dinary to King Charles L Residentiary of St. Pauls, Canon of Christ Church, D.D. and Dean of Rochester, in which dignity he was installed Feb. 6, l638. On December 9* 1641, he was consecrated Bishop of Chichester, upon which his Archdeaconry, Prebend of Pancras, and Rectory of Fulham, became void. His Bishopric, ex-^ cept during the time of the Rebellion, he enjoyed till the time of his death, which happened October I^, ^ Athen. Oxon, vol. i. p. 712. ^ Athen. Oxon. vol. ii. p. 3O89 D 4 40 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT 1642. On the promotion of Bishop King, Thomas Howell, S.T.P., was collated to the rectory 25th March. 16^9. Adoniram Byjield was presented to the rectory by Colonel Edmund Harvey, who was in possession of the Bishop of London's estates. He was the son of Nicholas Byfield, a clergyman of strong Calvinistic principles, who wrote some voluminous tracts in divinity, and who died in l662. Ado- nirani ' is said to have been at first apprenticed to an apo- thecary, was a man of special note, and a very active zealot in those busy and boisterous times. He was one of the scribes to the assembly of divines that sat at Westminster, and had a great hand in the " Directory/^ the original of which he sold for 400/. Sir John Birkenhead, in his ** Paul's Churchyard,'*^ asks whether the stationer, who gave this sura for the Directory, was cursed with bell and candle as well as book Byfield, besides this rectory, was in possession of the valuable Benefice of Colingbourn in Wiltshire. In the Report of the Commissioners in 1650, he is stiled an able, honest, and constant preacher of the Gospel. He was father of Dr. Byfield, a celebrated quack doctor. Adoniram Byfield is one of those few persons who have, by name, been stigmatized by Butler in his '^Hudibras:"' " Their dispensations had been stifled, But for our Adoniram Byfield." And Cleveland, in his " Hue and Cry after Sir John Pres- byter," has these lines upon him : If you meet any that do thus attire them, Stop them, they are the tribe of Adoniram." Byfield was succeeded in the rectory in 1654, By Isaac Knight, Minister of Hammersmith Chapel, who was presented to it by Colonel Harvey, and in l657 the vica- ^ Granger's Hist. Eng. vol.ii. p. 187. ^ Cent. I. class 4, Sect. 91. 3 Part HI. Canto 2, line 639* OF FULHAM. 41 rage also was given to him by Cromwell. It appears by the parish books that he continued in possession of both till the Restoration. He was succeeded, 1660, by George Stradling, D.D. fourth son of Sir John Stradling, Knt. of Donaf s Castle in Glamorganshire, He was edu- cated at Jesus College in Oxford, whence, in l642, he was elected Fellow of AH Souls. He continued in the Univer- sity during the Interregnum, and was much esteemed by Dr. Wilson, the Professor of Music, for his extraordinary skill on the lute. After the Restoration, he was made Chap- lain to Dr, Sheldon, Bishop of London, and soon after Pre- bend of Westminster. In I671 he was installed Chanter of the Church of Chichester, and the following year. Dean. He died 19th April, 1688, and was buried in Westminster Abbey." There is a portrait of him by White before his Sermons in 8vo., 1692, with a short account of him pre- fixed by James Harrington, Esq., who gives him the cha- racter of a man of learning and exemplary life. 1688. On the death of Dr. Stradling, Thomas Turner, S.T.P., was admitted rector on the presentation of his brother. Dr. F. Turner, Bishop of Ely ; the Bishop of London being at that time under suspension. Dr. Turner, one of the sons of Dr. Thomas Turner, Dean of Canterbury, was born at Bristol in l645, and educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, of which he was elected Fellow. He afterwards became chaplain to Dr. Compton, Bishop of London, who collated him in 168O to the rectory of Thorley in Hert- fordshire, and to the archdeaconry of Essex ; and, in l682, to the prebend of Mapesbury in St. Paul's. In 1 686 he was installed a prebendary of Ely, two years after he was elected President of Corpus Christi College, and in the same year instituted to this rectory. In 1689 he was made Precentor and Prebendary of Brownswood in St. Paul's. What his political principles were at the Revolution, we are * Wood's Atben. Oxon, vol. ii. p. 622. 42 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT not told, though by keeping possession of his preferments till his death, it is to be presumed he did not follow the example of his brother, the Bishop of Ely, but took the oaths of allegiance. He died April 30, 1714, and was buried in the chapel of his college. Dr. Turner was a single man, and remarkable for bis nmnificence and his charity in his lift-time ; and, by his will, he left the bulk of his for- tunes, which were very considerable, to public and chari- table uses.' To the parish of Fulham he left ^Lper annum for apprenticing poor children. 17 John WyviU, A.M. was presented to the rectory, but held it for a very short time; as, in the same year, George Bell, jun. A.M. was collated to it, 1734. William Nicholas Blomberg, who had been presented to the vicarage in 1733, became rector. He was the son of Baron Blomberg, a nobleman of Courland, and had been educated at Merton College, Oxford, He published a " Life of Dr. Edmund Dickenson/^ an eminent physician, who died in 1707, and who was his maternal grandfather. 1750. Samuel Knight, A.M. was presented to the rectory. He was the son of Dr. Knight, Archdeacon of Berks and Prebendary of Ely, and was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he became Fellow. Mr. Knight married the sister of Mr. Partridge, Recorder of Lynn, by whom he had one son; but she dying soon after at Fulham, it so deeply affected him, that he declared he could never reside there again. Accordingly he obtained permission from Bishop Sherlock to exchange the vicarage, which he also held him- self, with Mr. Cumberland, for the rectory of Slanwick in Northamptonshire. About the year 1766, he purchased the manor of Milton in Cambridgeshire, and shortly after removed to the manor house, where he continued to reside till his death. In 1775, Mr. Graham Jepson being presented to the rectory of Milton, exchanged that rectory in the fol- lowing year, with Mr. Knight, for the vicarage of Fulham.^ ' Benthanfs Ely, p. 262. ^ Cole's MSS. Brit. Mus. vol xxx. OF FULHAM. 43 1785. Michael Loi t, D.D. was collated to the rectory. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and was a man very generally esteemed among the circle of his acquaint- ance. Though he published but little himself, yet by his friendly assistance and judicious correction, he contributed much to the service of literature. His library, which con- tained a great number of books rarely to be met with else-' where, was always open to his friends. After his death it was sold by auction; and though remarkably destitute of exterior ornaments, produced a very considerable sum.' n 90. Graham Jepson, B.D. FelloW of King's College, Cambridge, who had exchanged the rectory of Milton in Cambridge- shire, in 1776, with Mr. Knight for this vicarage, was pre- sented to the rectory by Bishop Porteus. He died univer- sally esteemed and regretted. May 24, 1811, and was buried in the churchyard of Fuihara. 1811. William Wood, B D. DomesticChaplain to the Bishop of Lon- don, succeeded Mr. Jepson. The rectory house stands on the west side of Parsons' Green. It is thus noticed by Bowack in 1705: The house in which the rectors of Fulham used to reside is now very old, and much decayed. There is, adjoinuig to it, an old stone building, which seems to be of about three hundred or four hundred years standing, and designed for religious use, in all probability a chapel for the rectors and their domestics. Before the said house is a large common, which, within the memory of several antient inhabitants, now living, was used for a bowling green." ^ This house is now divided into two tenements ; but the old stone building w^as pulled down about the year 1742.' * Lysons, vol. ii. p. 378. Antiq. Midd. p.58. ^ Lysons, vol. ii. p. 377. 44 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT The vicarage is in the gift of the rector, and it is rated at 10/, in the King's books. The vicarage house adjoins the church-yard ; it is a handsome building, and has been thoroughly repaired in the present year. VICARS. 1329, Henry Martin. J S6\, Thomas Off) ing* 1392, John Goding. He was also Rector of Lay ton in Essex. 1397, Gilbert Janj/n. Walter Gerard. 14)l6,John Stevens succeeded on the resignation of Gerard. He was Rector of Bocking and Tay-parva, in Essex. Richard Eaton, who, in 1407, was Vicar of Arkesden; Essex. 1 434, John Sudbury was presented on the death of Eaton. He was Archdeacon of Essex in 1478. He resigned this vicarage in 1451, Henry Smith, A.M., was presented to it, and resigned it the following year. 1452, William Layton, \,M, succeeded. 1453, Henry Watfrey, on the resignation of William Lay ton, who in 1461 exchanged this vicarage with I46l, William Redenes, for the vicarage of Dagenham in Essex. 1463, Richard Hendock, on the resignation of Redenes. 1465, Johfi Cooke, Rector of St. Mildred's in the Poultry. 1466, John Elton, B.D., Rector of St. Bartholomew, Exchange. 1467, John Chadelworth, A.M. He was Prebend of Newington in 1464. He held this vicarage but four months, and then resigned it to JF«7/iflm Lfl^, Vicar of Nasing, in Essex. William Harvey y Vicar of Ramye, Essex. l4,7\,John Petitot, A.M., on the death of William Harvey. He was Vicar of Amwell, Middlesex, in 1479. 1472, Walter Newton, Vicar of Stortford, Essex, on the resignation of Petitot. OF FULHAM. 45 1476, Richard Seffryy on the resignation of Newton. Adam Sandakes, on the deatli of SefFry. 1479, John Cowper, Vicar of St. Leonard, Shoreditch, on the death of Sandakes. 1481, William Stokes^ on the resignation of Cowper. 1499, William Payne, on the resignation of Stokes. James Aynsworth, Rector of Greenford Parva. 1502, John Woodhouse, Yic?ir of Broomfield in Essex, on the resig- nation of Aynsworth. 1503, John Phippsy A.M., on the death of Woodhouse. Simon Green, alias Fotherby. He was educated at Lincoln College, Oxford, and was admitted to the rectory of All- hallows, Honey Lane, in 1494. In 1501 he took the degree of Doctor in Divinity at Oxford, and was for some time Commissary of that university. He was afterwards pre- , ferred to a prebendal stall in the cathedral of Lincoln, and was chanter and residentiary of the same church. He died in 1526.' 1506, Adam Forster, on the resignation of Green. 1511, James Aynsworth, on the death of Forster. 1513, Robert Egremond, on the death of Aynsworth. 1529, Robert Newton, on the death of Egremond. 1545, John Smyth, S.T.B., on the death of Newton. He was also Rector of St. Mildred's, Poultry. 1550, Nicholas Smyth, on the death of John Smyth. He was Vicar of East Ham in 1569. William Hewett, on the resignation of Smyth. 1591> Christopher Goffe, A.M., on the resignation of Hewitt. lu 1593 he resigned this vicarage, and became Vicar of Wal« ham Magna. 1593, Andrew Smyth, KM. 1 598, Peter Lilly, S.T. B. on the deprivation of Smyth. He was grandson of William Lilly the grammarian, the first master of St. Paul's School, and received his education at Jesus College, Cambridge, where he became Fellow, He was * Wood's Athen. Oxon. vol. i. p. 638, 46 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT afterwards a brother of the hospital in the Savoy, and in 1599 was collated to the prebend of Caddington Major. In 1610 he was presented to the rectory of Hornsey in Middlesex, and, according to Anthony Wood, was Arch- deacon of Taunton.' We also find his name in the List of Fellows of the College founded at Chelsea by James I. in 1610. He died in l6l4, leaving some sermons, which were afterwards published by his widow. 1613, Thomas Walkingfon, S.T. B. He was educated in the Univer- sity of Cambridge, where he took the degree of Bachelor in Divinity, and was in l6i2 incorporated in the same at Oxford.^ He published a Sermon entitled Mary Mag- dalen's Tears of Sorrow and Solace,"' preached at Paul's Cross, 162O; and some other Tracts in divinity. Richard duett, S.T.P., succeeded Dr. Walkington. He had been Chaplain to Dr. King, Bishop of Chichester, and was collated to the rectory of St. Anne, Aldersgate, in 1 6 17* He also Prebendary of Newington, and Archdeacon of Middlesex. He was in the Commission of the Peace, and Lloyd says, had more business in ending controversies than any magistrate within ten miles of London and West- minster.^ After the rebellion broke out, he was sequestered of all his preferments on account of his loyalty. He died some time before the Restoration,''^ He was succeeded in this vicarage by 3649, Adoniram Byjield. \657y Isaac Knight. 1660, Edmund Keene, A.M. was presented by Charles IL to the vicarage, and held it till his death. 1666, Richard Stevenson, A.M. 1691, Vincent Barry, A.M. He had been for some time lecturer, and was strongly recommended by the parishioners to the Bishop of London and the rector, to succeed to the vicar- age on the death of Mr. Stevenson, as appears from a vote ' Athen. Oxon. vol. i. p. 15. Ibid, vol.i. p. 814. 3 Lloyd's Mem. p. 506. Walker's Suff. Clergy, p. 48. OF FULHAM. 47 of thanks in the parish books, to the bishop, for procuring his appointment. 1 708, Philip Dwight , D.D. 1733, William Nicholas Blomberg, afterwards rector. 1750, Samuel Knight, A.M., on his own presentation as rector, 17o7, Denison Cumberland^ who exchanged the rectory of Stan- wick, in Northamptonshire, with Mr. Knight, for this vicar- age. He was son of Dr. Cumberland, Bishop of Peterbo- rough, and father of the late celebrated Richard Cum- berland, Esq:, who, in the Memoirs of his own Life,'' thus describes his coming to Fulham : " In the mean time the long and irksome residence in town, which my attend- ance upon Lord Halifax entailed upon me, and the painful separation from my family, became almost insupportable ; and whilst I was meditating a retreat, my good father, who participated with me and the whole family in these sensations, projected and concluded an exchange for his living of Stan- wick with the Rev. Mr. Samuel Knight, and with permission of the Bishop of London, took the vicarage of Fulham as an equivalent, and thereby opened to me the happy pros- pect of an easier access to those friends, so justly valued, and so truly dear. " In point of income, the two livings were as nearly equal as could well be, therefore no pecuniary compensation passed between the contracting parties but the comforts of tranquillity in point of duty, or of convenience in respect of locality, were all in favour of Mr. Knight, and nothing could have prevailed with my father for leaving those whom he had so long loved and cherished as his flock, but the generous motive of giving me an asylum in the bosom of my family. With this kind and benevolent object in his view, he submitted to the pain of tearing himself from his connections ; and, amidst the lamentations of his neigh- bours and parishioners, came up to Fulham to take upon himself the charge of a great suburban parish, and quitted Stanwick, where he had resided for the space of thirty years in peace, beloved by all around him. He found a 48 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT tokrably good parsonage-house at Fulham, in which, with niy mother and my sisters, he established himself with as much content as could be looked for. " Wherever he went, the odour of his good name, and, of course, his popularity, was sure to follow him : but the task of preaching to a large congregation, after being so long familiarized to the service of his little church at Stanwick, oppressed his modest mind ; and though his person, matter, and manner, were such as always left favourable impres- sions on his hearers, yet it was evident to us, who knew him and belonged to him, that he suffered by his exer- tions/'' On Mr. Cumberland's promotion to the Bishopric of Clonfert in Ireland, he vacated this vicarage. 1763, Anthony Hamilton^ A.M., who quitted it for the rectory of Hadham.^ 1776, Graham Jepson, B.D., Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and who exchanged his rectory of Milton, in Cambridge- shire, for this vicarage. 1811, William Wood, B.D. The preceding Lists of Rectors and Vicars are chiefly derived from Newcourt's Repertorium. PARISH CHURCH. The parish church stands at a small distance from the water-side; it is an ancient stone building, and consists of a nave, chancel, and two aisles. At the west end is a handsome Gothic tower, 95 feet in height, and built, as Mr. Lysons conjec- tures, in or near the fourteenth century. ' Memoirs of Richard Cumberland, vol.i. p. 180. ^ Cole's MSS. Brit. Mus. vol. xxx. OF FULHAM. 49 At the last general repair of this church, in the year 1798, the Gothic battlements of the tower were thrown down, and modern ones substituted in their place, by which the uniformity of this admirable specimen of Gothic architecture was much defaced. Bowack, describing this church in the year 1705, says, '^This church, standing at a small distance from the water side, is built of stone, and does not seem to be of very great antiquity, the tower, at the w^est end, being in a very good condition, as well as the body of the church : it has not been patched up since its first erection, so as to make any considerable alteration in the whole building; nor has there been any addi- tions made, as is usual in ancient structures, except of a small building for a school, &c. at the north door ; but both tow^er and church seem of the same age and manner of workmanship. " We were in hopes, whatever imperfect accounts have been left of the foundation of other churches, yet that here we should not have wanted light, since it is situated so near the Bishop of London's seat, which appears to be much ancienter ; but after the most inquisitive search, we could discover nothing at all, nor so much as gather to w^hom it was dedicated. However, from a very careful examination of the build- ing, we conclude it was built about the beginning of the 15 th century. At the north entrance, against the w^all, are several coats of arms, on each side of the door, probably of the founders ; some of which are quite defaced, and E 50 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT the others so worn and abused, that there hardly remains any thing from which light may be gathered. Had these been carefully preserved, or formerly taken notice of, by any that wrote on this subject, by know- ing the founder, we might have known the time of its founding, but all have passed them silently over; nor can any of the most ancient inhabitants give any account of an inscription, quite defaced now^, under one of the coats of arms. " As to the alterations and repairs that have been made in this church, they seem to have been very few as before. " We find in the Register Book of this parish, that Dr. Edwards, the Bishop of London's chancellor, a great benefactor to this church, gave by will, dated Jan. 9, 16 18, 80/. towards its repair, which was laid out in making a gallery, in new casting the lead of the steeple, and cieling the church; he likewise gave 16/-= long before his death for building a new vestry, school- house, and lodgings for the master, clerk, and sexton, which, with other monies raised in the parish for that purpose, were applied to the said use, which build- ing was erected at the north door, joining to the church, about the year 1630. There happened no other general repair till the year 1686, when, by the industry of Mr. Robert Limpany, then churchwarden, the church was new roofed, beautified, enlightened, and the inside made more commodious, at about 160/. charge to the parish/" ^ Bowack's Antiquities of Middlesex, p, ^4. OF FULHAM. 51 CHURCH BELLS. I'he invention of bells, that is to say, such as are hung in the towers or steeples of churches, is, by Poly- dore Virgil, and others, ascribed to Paulinus, Bishop of Nola, in Campania, about the year 400 ; and it is said that the words Nol(E ^ CampancE^ the one referring to the city, the other to the country, were, for that rea- son, given to them. The people were first called together to prayers, at stated hours in the day, by the sound of a bell, by a decree of Pope Sabinian, the successor of St. Gregory/ The first large bells in England are mentioned by Bede, towards the latter end of the sixth century; and it is supposed that the first tunable bells were set up in Croyland Abbey, in the year 690. Matthew Paris observes, that anciently the use of bells was prohibited in the time of mourning, though at present they make one of its principal ceremonies. The custom of christening bells is very ancient ; it is said to have been introduced by Pope John XIIL in 972 ; but it is evidently of an earlier origin, there being an express prohibition in a capitular of Charle- magne.'' Bells, in the time of popery, were baptized, anointed Oleo ChrismatiSy'' exorcised, and blessed by the Bishop; these and other ceremonies ended, it was " Quod tintiuiiabulorum sono populus invitatur, vocaturque ad sacra audienda statis diei horis, Sabiniani qui Gregorio successit, hoc decretum est — De invent. Rerum, lib. vii.p, 400. Edit. Basil, 1540* ^ Hopinian de orig, Teraplorum, p. 113, E 2 52 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT believed that they had the power to drive the devil out of the air, cahn storms and tempests, make fair weather, extinguish sudden fireS, and raise the dead.^ The dislike of spirits to bells is thus mentioned in the Golden Legend by Wynken de Worde : It is said, the evil spirytes, that ben in the regon of thayre, double moche when they here the belles rongen ; and this i^ the cause why the belles ben rongen whan it thondreth, and whan grete tem- pests and outrages of wether happen ; to the ende, that the fiends and wyched spirytes shold be abashed and flee, and cease of the movynge of tempeste." It was customary to put the following verses within the steeple, or others to the same purport : Laudo Deum verum, plebem voeo, congrego clerum, Defunctos ploro, pestem fugo, festa decoro. I praise the true God, call the people, convene the clergjv Lament the dead, dispel pestilence, and grace festivals.^ The number of bells in every church gave occasion to that singular piece of architecture the Campanile, or Bell Tower, an addition which is more susceptible of the grander beauties of architecture than any other part of the edifice. It was the constant ap- pendage to every parish church of the Saxons,^ and ' Weever's Funeral Monuments, p. 118. London, 1767* * Spelman's Glossary, Verbo Canipana. ^ Bingham's Antiquities of the Christian Church, voL i. p. 31^. OF FULHAM. is actually mentioned as such in the laws of x\thel- Stan. The practice of ringing changes on bells is said to be peculiar to England, whence Britain has been callecj the 7ingi72g island. This custom seems to have com- menced with the Saxons, and was common before the conquest. Bell-ringing, though a recreation chiefly of ]the lower classes, is not in itself incurious, or unworthy of notice. Musical writers seem, ho^yever, to have written but little upon the subject In England, the practice of ringing is reduced to a science; and peals have been composed which bear the name of the inventors. Some of the most cele- brated peals now known were composed about 60 years ago by one Patrick. The bells of this church were re-cast by Ruddle, and tuned by Mr. Harrison, the inventor of the Time- keeper ; they are esteemed equal to any peal of bells in this kingdom, and have nearly' the same sound a^ those of Magdalen College, Oxford. Around each is an inscription as follows : 1st Bell. This bell was re-cast hy Ruddle, 1759." 2nd The Gift of the Vestry by subscription, 1727." 3d — — " Ex dono Gulielinus Skelton, Gent." 4th Ex dono Gulielmus Skelton, Gent." 5th Peace and good Neighbourhood.'^ 6th . " John Ruddle cast us all." 7th " Prosperity to the church of England, 1729.'^ 8th Prosperity to this Parish, 1729." 9th " Francis Conyers, Churchwarden." 10th " I to the Church the living call. And to the Grave I summon a!l.'^ E 5 54 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT In the bell-room of this steeple are preserved seve- ral commemorations of peals rung here at different times ; one of the most remarkable we shall tran- scribe. The College Youths. This Society did ring, on the ()th of October, 177^, a complete peal of 5040 Oxford treble-bob ten in, in three hours and forty-five minutes, with the sixth at home, twelve times wrong and twelve times right, being the first performed here. CHURCH CLOCK. Clock is the old German word for bell, and hence thp French say, une cloche. There were no clocks in England in Alfred's time. He is said to have mea- sured his time by wax-candles marked with circular lines to distinguish the hours.' Mr. Strutt confesses that he has not been able to trace the invention of clocks in England. Stow mis- takeSj when he says, that clocks were commanded to be set up in churches in the year 612. The clock in this steeple was the gift of an indivi- dual, in order to exonerate himself from serving any office during his residence in the parish, as appears from the following extract from the parish books : August 14, 1664. Ofdered, that Richard Goslinge, of this parish. Brick-maker, bee and is from this day forward, during his abode in this parish^ » Brand's Popular Antiquities, p. 14, OF FULHAM, 55 quitted from bearing any office off and belonging to the parish of Fulham, upon condition if the said Richard Goslinge doe, at his own proper costs and charges, give an able and substantial clock, not under the value of 12/., and the old clock bee given unto the said Rich^ Goslinge, which new clock is the voluntary gift of him the said Rich"^ Goslinge, in consideration of the privileges aforesaid. Consecration of the Church. It is probable that, at the first consecration of the Church of Fulham, the picture of the tutelar saint, or some inscription of the time of its dedication, was an ornament of some wall or pillar in it ; for in the first form of consecrating churches in England which we meet with, at a synod held at Chelsea, under Wulfred, Archbishop of Canterbury, anno 816, it is ordained, that when a church is built it shall be consecrated by the proper diocesan, who shall take cafe that the Saint to whom it is dedicated be painted either on a wall, on a tablet, or on the altar." This church is dedicated to " All Saints," The festival of which is celebrated on the first of November, in commemoration of all the saints in general; and which is otherwise called All Hal- lows," Boniface IV., in the ninth century, introduced ' " Synod apud Celichyth, sub. Wulfred, Ann. Dom. 816. De modo consecrandi Ecclesias, " Seu etian) praecipimus unicuique Episcopo ut habeat, depie- tum in pariete oratorii, aut in Tabula, vel etiam in Aliaribus, quibus Sanctis sint utraque dedicata.'* Spelman de Concil^ torn. i. p. 318. £ 4 66 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT the Feast of All Saints" into Italy, which was soon after adopted into the other churches. John Sterne, S.T.B., was consecrated Bishop Suf- fragan of Colchester, Nov. 12, 1592, in the Church of Fulham, by virtue of the queen's letter to the arch- bishop; John, Bishop of London, John, Bishop of Ro- chester, and Richard, Bishop of Bristol, assisting. The accustomed ceremonies being used, and oath by him taken of renouncing all foreign prelates, &c., and acknowledging the queen's authority in all ecclesias- tical, as well as temporal matters, according to form of a statute of Parliament ; and he was vested by the archbishop with episcopal robes ; one of the last suffragans, consecrated among us." In the year 1552, an inventory was taken by com- missioners appointed by the King, of the plate and ornaments belonging to all the churches in the king- dom ; the returns of the Jury relating to several coun- ties, of which Middlesex is one, are in the Augmen- tation Office. The Jury at Fulham returned as follows : INVENTORY. We the Jury doo present and testyfy the goods, plates, orna- ments, Jewells, and bells, beylongynge and apertenyinge to the churche of Fulham, in the countie of Midd. as well as wythin the inventory takyn by the Kyngs Maietes Commissioners ; as -^ho other goods belongynge to the same churche not beynge in the ' Strype's Life of Whitgift, p. 399, / OF FULHAM. 57 Kyng's Inventory w*^^^ rerages and other depts belongynge to the same churche, as aperythe hereafter more playnly testyfyed by us the same Jury, the fyft daye of Augoost, in the yere of owr Lorde God, a thousande fyve hondryde fyftey, and two, and in the sexte yeare of the reigne of our Sovereyne Lorde Edwarde the Sext by the Grace of God of Ingland, Ffraunce and lerlande, Kynge, De- fender of the Faithe and of the Churche of Inglande and lerlande, the suprem hede cmedyatly under God. This Inventory, made the tenth daye of Marche, in the thyrde yere of the reigne of our Dread Sovereigne Lorde Kynge Edwarde the Syxt, of all suche goods as remanyth in church of Ffulham, in the countie of Midd. testyfyed then unto the commessioners by Nycholas Smythe, Curate there ; John Nycholl and John Ryp. pyng, Churche Wardens ; John Hurton, and Wiliim Holden, con- sentynge to the same. Impris, Three challices of sylver w^^ pattents, where of too of them parsel gylte, and a lyttell pyxe of sylver psell gylte. Item, One crosse of latten and gylte, and two owlde crosses of latten, two payre of sensors of latten, and a ssype, and a spone of latten. Item, Two lyttell basons of pewter, and vj lyttell candellstycks of brasse. Item, iiij greate candellstycks of latten, and two basons of lat- ten, and a ewer of latten, and a wholly watter stocke of latten. Item, Fyve coopes, one of crymessen vellet, one of whytt satten, one of blacke chamblett, one of grene sarsnett, and one of whytt fustyan. Item, A vestement of grene vellett, a deakon and subdekon of grene damask. Item, A vestement of whytt satten w^' a deakon, and subdekon of the same. Item, A vestement of blacke chamblett, a deakon and sub-'^ deakon of the same. Item, A vestement of blacke damaske and one vestement of dyvers colored sylke. 58 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Item, One vestement of russett satten of Brydges, and one vestc- ment of redd satten of Brydges, and a vestement of grene sarsnet, and one vestement of whytt fusty an, and one vestement of redd vellett. Item, One frount for an aultor of vellett, yellow and redd, and two froimtes of tawny satten of Brydges, and two frounts of whytt satten of Brydges, and three owlde frountes of tawney sylke of dyvers colers. Item, One hearse clothe of black vellett. Item, A vestement of fustyan w^ ow^ amas or albe, and a veste- ment of sanguyne satten of Brydggs w^ ovv'^ albe or amas. Item, A vestement of tawny chamblett, w*' ow^ albe or amas, and a vestement of dormey, w^^ ow*^ albe or amas. Item, vj aultor clothes of linen clothe, and one owld vestement of blacke saye w'^ ow^ albe or amas. Item, XX peices of owld paynted clothes that dyd kever the images in the churche. Item, A clothe caulled a camary clothe of redd and grene satten, of Brydgges, and tenn owlde hamer clothes, some of them of sylke, and the reast of lynen clothe, and two crosse clothes of sylke, and fyve hamer poles, iij cruytts of pewter and v. dyeper towells. Item, viii candelstyck bosses of latten, an olde candelstycke, and a bason to holde the pascall, and a bason for a lampe. Item, xii greate bowks, sum of paper, and other sume of parch- ment. Item* iiij sorpleses and two rotketts, and two cortens of sylke to hange at the aultors eande. Item, V great bells, and a lyttell bell in the steple, and iij hand bells, and a rayle of whytt and blew lynen clothe. Item, A payre of orgaynes that lyeth all broken, and a qwessshyon of redd and grene sylke. Item, A hangynge for an aultor of whytt sylke, and another of dormen OF FULHAM. 59 CERTAIN GOODS soulde by Thomas Willcocks and George Burton, Churche Wardens aforesayd, the consent of the hole parrysshoners, the parsells as aperythe hereafter: Sowlde, Imprims, Soulde to Thomas Read, dwellynge in> the prysshe of Saynte Mychaells in Wood Streat, Gewellar, two owlde crosses of latten, two pay re of sensors of latten, a ssype, & a spone of latten, vi lyttell candellstycks of brass, and iiij greate^ candellstycks of latten, and two basons and a ewer/ of latten, and a wholly watter stocke of latten, xiij hosse candellstycks for the rood hyght, and one owlde hollow candellstycke, and a bason to holde the pascall, and a bason for a lampe of lat- ten, and three hande bells, sowlde for — ^ Item, Sowlde to Robert Madder, Marchaunte Taylor,\ dwellynge m Saynte Mychaells Parryssh, in Wood Streat, the parsells as followeth: Item, A coope of crymessyn vellett, and one of black cliam- blett, and one of grene sarsnet. Item, A vestement of grene vellett, w^ a deakon and a sub- deakon of grene damaske, a vestement of blacke chamblett, with a deakon and subdeakon, and a vestement of blacke damaske, and a vestement of dyvers colored sylke. Item, A vestement of russet satten of Brydggs, and a veste- ment of green sarsenet, and a vestement of redd velvett. : Item, Two frounts of tawney satten of Brydggs, and iij| olde frountes of tawny sylke, w^ dyvers other co- lors, a vestement of fustyan, and a vestement of sangwyn satten of Brydggs w^^ ou^ albe or amas, a vestement of tawny chamblett w^ ou*^ albe or amas, and a vestement of blacke saye w^ owt albe or amas Item^ Tenn owlde hamer clothes, sum of sylke, and summe of lynen clothe, and two cross clothes of sylke, sowlde to one Robbert Madder, Marchaunt Tayl- lar, dwellynge in Saynt Mychaells parryssh, in Wood Streat, and all the olde parchment bowkes in the churche. ^ Some total! 60 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT \ ^Stowl}'n. Certyn Goods stowln, and the church brokyn ; the par- sell as followeth hereafter: 'a challys a pattent parsell gylte, and a herse clothe of black vellett, two sorplesses, a carpet and a comunyon table clothe, and a clothe a bowte the founte, with other suche lyke paynted clothes. Thes be parsell of the goods, plate, ornaments, and Jewells, remaynynge in the churche, beynge parsells of the In- ventory takyn by the Kyngs Hyghnes Commessioners, in the thyrd yere of his most gracyous i eigne, un sow Ide : Impris. Two challiss of sylver^ pattents, parsell gylte. Item, A lyttell pyxe of sylver parsell gylte. Item, A coope of whytt satten, and a coope of whytt fustyan. Item, A vestement of whytt satten, with a deakon and subdeakon of the same. Item, A vestement of redd satten of Brydgges, Item, A vestement of grene sarsnett. Item, A vestement of dormer. Item, A frounte for an aultor of vellett, red & yellowy Item, Two frountes of whytt satten ot Brydggs. Item, A camary clothe of redd and grene satten of brydggs. Item, A hangynge for an aultor of whytt sylke. Item, Two clothes that hangythe over the Sakarament, one of changable sylke, thother of lynen clothe. Item, Two corteyns of sylke to hange at the aultor ende. Item, iiij aultor clothes of lynen clothe. Item, Fyve towells of dyeper, and two sorplesses, ^ V Item, Two rolthers, and a qwe^shion of redd ^ gren^ sylk^. Item, iij cruytts of pewter, and a bason of pewter. Item, A payre of orgayns that apere all to be broke. Item, In the steple v greate bells^ & a saintes bell. Londe, $. d' Alsoo we do present and testyfy that ther doeth^ belonge and apertayne to the churche of Ffulham Vxijiiiy Two akars of medow grownde to the yerely vallew j OF FULHAM. 61 A Brothered, Also, there hath byne a brothered, cawled Saynt Peters Brothered, at the dyssolucyon of the whyche brothered wasse wardens, Edward Lathar, and other three men of the same parryssh, havyng ^he goods and stoeke in there hands, the scer- teyne some, the whyche we cannott knowe, there wass botbe money and kyne. FULHAME, SciL Ther is belongyng unto the pischurche ther ij acres of lande nowe in the tenure of the Churchewardens, whiche alwey have ben ymployed to the meyntenance of the Churche Repacons and rentithe by yerexiii^. iiijrf. Doctor Haynes is pson ther, and his psonage is worthe by yere xxvj /., and Master Smythe is Vycar there, and his Vycarage is worthe by yere x Z. who fyndethe a priest to sarve the cure. FUNERAL MONUMENTS. Sepulchral monuments have been erected from the earliest ages, as memorials of piety and gratitude, and were much in use among the Greeks and Romans, to whom we are indebted for many of our funeral rites and ceremonies. The Romans were forbidden by the tenth law of the Twelve Tables, to bury any person within town or city and in England the dead were anciently buried out of cities or towns, on the ridges of hills, or upon open plains, as may still be seen in many parts of the country ; and among our Saxon ancestors it was usual to bury such as were slain in battle in the open field, with raised turf * Hominera mortuum in Urbe ne sepelito, neve Urito, Cic, de Leg, ii. 23, PUn. xiv, 13. 1 62 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT laid upon their bodies ; the height of the turf denoting either the quality or valour of the deceased. This mode of burial continued in practice among the early Christians until the time of Gregory the Great, when prayers were first used at funerals for the souls of the departed ; and it being found more convenient for the priest, that the place of sepulture should be near the church, a license was procured from that pope to allow and confirm this custom/ Cuthbert, the eleventh Archbishop of Canterbury, afterwards obtained a dispensation for the making of cemeteries within the bounds of cities or towns/ The burying in, and near churches,^ was almost imme- diately followed by the erection of monuments with inscriptions engraved upon them, to perpetuate the remembrance of the deceased ; and these were called epitaphs. Of all funeral honours, epitaphs have ever been esteemed the most respectable ; for by them love is * Pauvinus de ritu sepeliend. mort. p. 321, ^ Cutbertiis Archiepiscopus Cant. xi. ab Augustino cum Roma Veniret, plures intra civitatis sepelire, rogavitpapam ut sibi liceret coenieteria facere, quod papa annuit. reversus itaque coemeteria ubique in Anglia fieri constituit. — Liber Rochester, in Bihl. Cott. 3 Thus began corpses to be buried in churches, which, by de- grees, brought in much superstition, especially after degrees of inherent sanctity were erroneously fixed in the several parts thereof, the porch saying to the church-yard, the church to the porch, the chancel to the church, the east end to all — stand farther off, for I am holier than you ; and as if the steps to the high altar were the stairs to heaven, their souls were conceived in a nearer degree to happiness, whose bodies were mounted to be there interred. Fuller's Church History^ b. ii. p. 103» OF FULHAM. 63 shewn to the deceased, memory continued, friends comforted, and the reader reminded of human frailty. These posthumous memorials become interesting to posterity from the same principle which prompted their erection, and they are seldom contemplated by the reader without inspiring a hope of the same remem- brance beyond the grave. Monuments were antiently erected agreeably to the quality of the deceased, that every one might discern of what degree the person was when living. Noble- men had their effigies carved in stone, or engraved on brass, and this was intended to bear a likeness to the deceased person ; upon the same were usually in- scribed their titles, marriages, issues, and employments. Gentry, and persons of lower condition, were interred under a flat stone, inscribed with their name and time of their decease ; and these particulars were sometimes engraved on a brass plate/ Having thus stated, in general terms, the principal customs relative to our funeral monuments and cere- monies, we find nothing further particularly interesting respecting them till the time of the Reformation. Towards the latter end of the reign of Henry VHI., and during that of Edward VI., certain persons were put into commission, in every county, to deface any image, shrine, or relic which tended to idolatry or su- perstition; and under colour of this authority, they committed great devastation on the sepulchral monu- Pol. Vir^. de Invent. Rerum, p. 321. Camden's Remains, p. 308. 64 HISTOillCAL ACCOUNT ments contained in our churches.' This violation of the repositories of the dead continuing, Queen Eliza- beth, in the second year of her reign, issued a procla- mation to put an end to the breaking or defacing of monuments of antiquity in churches or other public places for memory, and not for superstition,"'' and in the fourteenth year of her reign, her Majesty found it necessary to issue another, charging the justices of her assize to provide a remedy both for the punishment and prevention thereof.'' But these proclamations, we are assured by Weever, took little effect," owing to the increasing spirit of puritanism, which raged at that time. During the usurpation of Cromwell, similar outrages again occurred : our cathedrals and churches were con- verted into stables ; the monuments were defaced ; and every indignity which fanaticism and ignorance could suggest, was inflicted upon these hallowed receptacles of departed worth. Much as we have to deplore the destruction of the funeral monuments, from the abovementioned causes, in the Church of Fulham, yet we find a sufficient num- ber of them still remaining, to excite at once our vene- ' The Act of 3 and 4 Ed w. VI. c.lO. was probably the ruin of many of our sepulchral, as well as other ecclesiastical monuments, though the former were expressly excepted where the parties had not been reputed saints. Whoever requires a specimen of these ravages, let them read the Atchievements of Downing in the County of Suffolk," Gough's Sepulchral Monuments, vol. i. p. 5. Fuller's Church History, b. ix. p. 65. OF FULHAM. 65 ration and respect ; and we trust we shall be excused this short digression upon 30 interesting a subject^ Church Porch, The porch was, without doubt, a very ancient ap- pendage to the church; and although it has been usually considered as a mere ornament, yet it had in ancient times its special uses. In that part of the Will of the pious Henry VI. relative to the foundation of his college at Eton, are these words : Item, in the south side of the body of the church, a fair large door with a porch, and the same for christening of children and weddings."' But the most particular use of the porch was in administering the Sacrament of Baptism. The particulars of these ceremonies may be seen in the Roman Ritual, mentioned below.* At the Reformation, all the uses to which the porch had been applied, were transferred into the church, as being, in every respect, more agreeable to the sacred purposes abovementioned. Chancel. The chancel is that part pf the choir of the church between the communion-table and theskreen that sepa- rates it from the nave ; it has always been considered as the most sacred part of the church ; and, by ancient constitutions, no woman was allowed to stand within the chancel, or to approach the altar ; and this custom continued till the Reformation.V • Royal Wills, p. 279. * Missale Rom. Secund. usum Rom.Eccl. Lugd.1528, ^ Gibson's Codex, vol.i. p. 175. Archseologia, vol.xi, p.388« F 66 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT 4 In the east window of the chancel are the arms of Bishop Compton impaled with the see of London, supported by two angels, and ensigned with a mitre in beautiful painted glass, and underneath this motto — Nisi Dominus. Navd. The nave denotes the body of the church, w here the people are placed, reaching from the rails or balus- trade of the choir, to the chief door. The nave of the church belongs to the parishioners^ and they are to repair it- MONUMENTS AND INSCRIPTIONS. The following inscriptions were existing in Weever'^s time, from whose ^' Funeral Monuments" we have extracted them, but they are now defaced : -*Hic Jacet Johannes Fischer, quondam thesaurarius domini cardi- nalis Sancte Balbine, et postea Hostiensis Cantuarieusis archie- piscopi, qui obijt 2?. Aug. 1463. ^ Pray for the sowls of John Long gentyhnan, Katherine and Alice his wyfe. Who died the x. of March, on thowsand fyve hundryd and three. On whos sowls and alcrysten sowls Jesu have mercy. Fili redeniptor mundi Deus miserere nobis, Sancta trinitas vnus Deus miserere nobis, Spiritus Sanctus Deus miserere nobis. Hie Jacet Johannes Sherburne, bacalaureus utriusque legis quondam archidiaconus Essex: qui ob. 1434. This was probably a son of William Sherbourne, rector of this parish. V OF FULHAJVI. 67 Of your chiuite pray for the sowl of Sir Samson Norton, Knyght, late master pf the ordinance of vvarre with King Henry the eyght, and for the sowl of dame Elysabyth hys wyfF, Whyche Syr Sampson decessyd the eyght day of February on thowsand fy ve hundryd and seventene. Orate pro anima JoHANNis Thorley, armigeri, qui obiit penultimo die mens. Febr. Ann. Dom. 1445 On the floor of the chancel was this figure in brass of a priest, probably the person mentioned in the fol- lowing inscription : Hie Jacet Magister WiLLELMUS Harvey, nuper vicarius istiim ecclesie qui ob. 5 die Novemb. 1471. 68 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Hie Jacet Georgius Chauncy, quondam receptor generalis reverendi patris domini Ric. Fitz-James. London, episcopi, qui obiit decimo none die Decembris, ann. Dom. 1320. Hie Jacet Anna Sturtoi^, fiiia Johannis Sturton, domiui de Sturton, et domine Katharine vxoris ejus. Qui quidem Anna obiit in assumptionem beate Marie virginis, ann. dom. 1533. Hie Jacet Lora, filia Johannis Blount, militis, domini Mountioy et Lore vxoris ejus, que obiit 6 die mens. Febr. ann. dom* 1480. cujus anime Deus sit propitius. Lora is a name derived from the Saxon word Lore, which signifies learning or understanding, a word often used by Chaucer, in that sense, as in the squire's pro- logue : " I see well that ye learned men in lore Can muckle good.^' Or as Camden conjectures, a name corrupted from Laura, which is Bay, and which is agreeable to the Greek name of Daphne* The following inscription is added from the Har- leian MSS. in the British Museum, No. 6072, in which the arms of this and the forfegoing are also de- scribed : Here lyeth buried the body of Thomas Claybroke, Sonne of Ste- phen Claybroke Gent, which Thomas dyed 24 of August 1587. On entering the north door of the chancel, on the left hatid, is an ancient monument about twelve feet in height, once secured with iron rails ; in which, under an arch supported by Corinthian pillars, is the OF FULHAM. 69 effigies of Lady Legh, nearly as large as life, sitting with an infant in her arms, and another lying by her ; habited in the' dress of the times ; her hair dressed in a great number of curls. Over her head are the arms of the family ; and beneath, on the tomb, the following inscription : To Memory, or. What else dearer reniayneth of thatVirteous Lady La: Margaret Legh ^ ' Daughter of him y^ sometimes was S"^ Gilbert Gerrard Kn* and M"^ of y® Rolles in y® Highe Court of Chancery wife to Peter Legh of Lyme in the County of Chester and by him y® Mother of seven Sones, Pierce, Frauncis, RadclifFe, Thomas, Peter, Gilbert, and John, with two daughters Anne & Catharine, of w** RadclifFe, Gilbert, John, deceased infants, the rest yet surviving to the happy increase of ther House Y® years she injoyed the world were 33, y^ her husband injoyed her 17, at which period she yielded her soul to the blessedness of long rest and her Body to this earth July 3. 1603, This inscription in y® note of piety and love by her said Husband is here devotedly placed. Arms— 1 Sable, replenished with mullet Arg. therein a man's arm bowed, holding in his hand a standard silver, an augmenta^ tion granted by Norroy King at arms, anno 1575. to Sir Piers Legh, in memory of the valiant services of his ancestor and namesake at the Battle of Cressy, wher^ he bore the standard of the Black Prince. 2. Gules, a cross engrailed Argent for Legh. 3. Or, three Lozenges Az. for Baguley. 4, Az. a Chevron Arg. between 3 crowns Or. for De Corona 5. Arg. a pale lozengy sab. for Daniers. 6. Arg. a cross Sab. in the first quarter a fleur-de-lis of the second for Hayrlock 7. Vert a Chevron between 3 cross crosslets Or, for Writington. 8. Arg, F 3 70 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT a Mullet pierced for Astun. p. Lozengy Sab. and Arg. for Croft impaling Gerard of Byrn with its qiiarterings. Viz. 1. Arg. a Saltier Qui. for Gerard. 2. Az. a lion ramp. Arg* crowned Or, for Byrn. 3. Az. a lion ran)p. Arg. for Windle. 4. Arg. 3 torteauxes between two bendlets, Gules for Ince. 5. Arg. a bend engrailed Sab. in Chief an escallop shell, Gules for Radcliffe. 6. Az. a cross patonce between 4 mullets Arg. for Plessington. 7. Arg, a lion ramp, purpure for Balderston, 8. Arg. a cross raguly Gules for Lawrence. 9* Arg. 2 bars Gules in Chief 3 Mullets of the second for Washington. 10. Az. a Chevron between 3 fishes l^aurient Or, a quartering of WashingtoPe On a black marble slab, at the foot of Lady Legh's monument, is the following inscription : Here Heth William Carlos of Stafford, who departed this life in the 25th yeai e of his age the 19th day of May 1 668. 'Tis not bare names that noble fathers give To worthy sonnes, though dead, m them they live ; For in his progeny, 'tis heaven's decree, Man only can on earth immortal! bee : But heaven gives soules w^ grace doth sometymcs bend Early to God their rice and Soveraigne end. Thus whilst that earth concerned did hope to see Thy noble father living still in thee. Careless of earth, to heaven thou didst aspire. And we on earth, Carlos in thee desire, Arn^s— Au Oak on a fesse 3 regal crowns. This gentleman was the son of Colonel Carlos, or Careless, who so eminently distinguished himself in assisting King Charles II. in his escape after the battle of Worcester,' to whom the abgve arms were granted with perroissioq to change his name to Carlos. ' Clarendon s Hist. Rebellion, vol. iii. p. 32?, OF FULHAM. 71 Next the above is the following : Samuel Lancelot Jarvis, Esq. ; a distinguished officer iu North America, died Dec. 1 1, 179^> aged 59 years. At a short distance from Lady Legh's monunientj against the same wall, and near the Communion-table, is a rich gothic monument, probably that of Sir Samson Norton, as mentioned by Weever ; it is in form of an obtuse arch, ornamented with foliage and oak-leaves : the inscription is obliterated, and there was originally the annexed figure in brass \vith escutcheons. 72 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT On the floor of the Chancel, within the rails of the Communion-table, upon a large black stone, is the following inscription : Here lyeth interred the body of Capt. John Saris, of Fulham, in the county of Middlesex, Esquire ; he departed this life the eleventh day of December, l643, aged 63 years. He had to wife Anne, the daughter of Willi2im Megges, of London, Esquire, she departed this life the second day of February, Anno Dom. l622, and lyes buried fin the parish chuich of St. Botolph, in Thames-street, being aged Arms — A chevron between 3 saracen^s heads, impaling a chevron between 3 mascles, on a chief a greyhound current for Megges. On another stone adjoining the preceding, is : Here lyeth the body of William Rumbold, Esq. dark and com- troller of his Majesty's great wardrobe, and surveyor-general of all the customs of England, who dyed the second day of May, l667, and also the body of Mary, his wife, only daughter of T.Bar- clay, Esq. yeoman of the body to his late Majesty K. Charles the First of blessed memory. She died the 21 of August following. Arms — On a chevron engrailed 3 cinquefoils, on a canton a leopard's face. The following, now obliterated, are mentioned in Stowe's London.' Hie situs est Gulielmus Billesby, Eques Auratus Fisci Regii Ostiarius, cum Anna uxore e Familia Brograria. Quae illi peperit duas Filias Franciscam et Margaretam, totidem Que Fiiios qui infantes obierunt. Obiit ille 25 Martii l607« Ilia 27 Mail l608. " Strype's Stow, vol, ii. Append. OF FULHAM. 73 Francisca Filia primogenita, primiini nupta Joanni Madocks, armigero, postea, Tbomae Walker, armigero, Fis-ci Regii Ostiario. Obiit die 6 Novenibris, 1607, & hie parentibus tumulatur. Margarita altera Filia enupta Hugoni Parlor dePlumsted, armigero. Obiit & in Ecclesia Sanct. Margareta Westmonasterii requiescit.* On the south side of the chancel, on the altar- steps, against the wall, is erected a plain mural monument of marble, about 10 feet from the ground, and on a pediment, supported by two pillars of the Corinthian order, are the following Arms — viz. Azure, a lion rampant, or, on a chief, argent 3 tor- teauxes, for Smith, impaling quarterly, 1st and 4 argent, on a cross, sable, a leopard's face, or, for Bridges ; 2d or, a pile, gules, 3 arg. a fesse, between 3 parrots sable. With this inscription : D. O. M. Thomse Smitho, Equiti Aura to Regite Ma^« A supplicum libellis, et ab epistolis Latinis; Viro Doctrina prudentiaq-singulari. Francisca Guil. Baronis Chandos filia. Opt. Marito conjux Moestiss. Plorans posuit. Obiit xxvii, die Nov. MDCIX. On the same wall is a handsome marble tablet, richly ornamented with drapery and fancy carving, and oh which is inscribed as follows : To the Memory of Anthony Nourse, Gent, and Katharine, his wife, of this Parish, who both departed this life in the year of our Lord 1704. 'JStrype's Stow, vol. ii» Ajppeud. 74 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT This Monument was erected by M. Katharine Sanderson, their only daughter, as a Small testimony of her duty, and of The Sincere AtTection she bears to their Memory, Arms — Gules a fesse between 2 chevrons arg. impaling Sab. on a bend-engrailed, or, 3 human hearts gules. . Over th^ door, leading from the chancel to the south aisle, is an elegant marble tablet with this inscription : Sacred to the Memory of Elizabeth, late wife of Jobn Hatsell, Esq. Clerk of the House of Commons. She was the second Daughter of The Rev. Jeffrey Ekins, Rector of Barton, in Northamptonshire, born on the 26th of October, 1735, died on the 2d of December, 1804, and was, at her own request, buried in this Church, near to her Brother, the Dean of Carlisle. She was first married to Major Newton Barton, by whom she had two sons, John and Newton ; the latter only survived her. Her most exemplary piety, conjugal Affection, maternal Kindness, and universal Charity and Benevolence, attended with the mildest and most engaging manners, will be long remembered, and her death lamented, by all who knew her. She lived in most affectionate union for near 27 years with her Husband John Hatsell, who has directed this Marble to be erected to her Memory, 1805. OF FULHAM. 75 On the pavement, near the above, is the followmg : Henry Ekins, Dean of Carlisle, died Nov. 20. 1791. Sedile. The sedile, or stone stall, is found in many of our parish churches, and has been very differently ac- 76 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT counted for by our antiquaries. Some have called them confessionaries/ and others assert, that they were constructed solely for the priest to sit in at certain intervals during the celebration of the mass.* That they were designed to accommodate bishops and other ecclesiastics, whose office it was to visit churches, is another conjecture^ as well as that their chief use might be referred to the dedication of the church. They are generally placed near the altar, in the south wall of the chancel, frequently under beautiful subdivided gothic arches, enriched with buttresses with finials, &c. Between the seat and the east wall is a small nich, generally in the same stile, for the piscina. The an- nexed view is a faithful representation of that in this church. It should seem they were for the use of the priest during the celebration of mass, from the following directions which occur in a Missal, printed at Paris, in 1515, Secundum usum Sarum." In the general rubric to the mass, are these words, Quo facto Sacerdos & sui ministri in sedibus paratis se recipient, et expectent usque ad ' Gloria in Excelsis." And in the rubric of instructions for Saturday before Easter, Finitis orationibus exuat sacerdos casulam, et in sede sua juxta altare se reponat, cum diacono et sub- diacono/' * Archaeologia, vol. xi. p. 317, 335, ^ Le Pretre alloit en suite au cote droit de I'autel, suivi du diacre, qui se tenoit debout jus-qu'-^-ce que le celebrant, lui Jit signe de s'asseoir.'-'Voyages LUurgiques de France, p. 283, OF FULHAM. 77 Altar. In the primitive church, the altars were made of wood, in order to be removed from place to place, but the Council of Paris, in 509, decreed that every altar should be built of stone/ It was removed from the wall, and put in the middle of the church in the time of Elizabeth^ and was thenceforth denominated the Communion Table.^ It is now usually placed at the east end of the chancel. The custom of bowing to the altar, and of praying towards the east, is very ancient ; St. Austin says, when we pray standing, we turn our face to the east, from whence the day springs, that we might be re- minded of a more excellent nature, namely, God.^ Beneath the monument of Sir Thomas Smith, and touching the steps of the altar, is an altar monument of English marble, close against the south wall, the head of it adjoining the entrance into the south chapel parallel to the chancel, under which is entombed Sir William Butts, Knight, Chief Physician to Henry VIII. It originally had his portraiture in brass, in armour as a knight, and his arms — " Az. 3 Lozenges Gules, on a Chevron Or, between 3 etoils Or," at the four cor- ners of the stone. There was also a scroll of brass on one side of him inscribed " Myn Advantage.'' On the wall just above it, is put up a later inscription on a neat marble tablet, by Leonard Butts, of Norfolk, Esq., one of his descendants."^ ' Chambers's Cyclopedia, vol. i. * Hunie, vol. v. p. ^ August, de Serm. Domini in Mont. lib. ii. c. 5. ^ Cole's MSS* Brit Mus. vol, xxx. 78 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Epitaphiu D.Gulielnii Butij Equitis aurati Et medici regis Henrici Oclavi qui Obiit A"* Dni 1545. 17° Novenib. Quid medicina valet, quid honos, quid gratia Regum Quid Popularis amor, mors ubi saeva venit? Sola valet pietas quae structa est auspice Christo Sola in morte valet, caetera cuncta fluunt. Ergo mihi in vita fuerit quando omnia Christus, Mors mihi nunc lucrum, vitaque Christus erit, Epitaphm hoc primitils inscriptum pariete et Situ jam pene exesum sic denium restituit Leonardus Butts Armiger Norfolciensis. Oct. 30. 1627. Amoris E^, OF FULHAM. Physic, or honour, flatfry, wealth, or powV, To man of what avail in death's dread hour ; Then Christian Piety alone can save. Our only firm assistance in the grave. Since Christ in life has been my only joy. Death will bring happiness without alloy. G ill no3r) The verses are supposed to have been w^ritten by Sir John Cheke, the intimate friend of Dr. Butts— And what if I should think," says Strype, that this was the issue of Cheke's pious fancy in his last respects to this man, for which he had so high and deserved a veneration " ' Sir William Butts, Doctor of Physic, was a native of Norfolk, and received his education at Caius Col- lege, Cambridge. He afterwards was made Domestic Physician to Henry VIH., and received the honour of knighthood from that monarch.* He was one of the founders of the College of Physicians, in whose records he is highly extolled for learning and know- ledge, as well as for his singular judgment and great experience. He appears to have been highly in favour with the King, as well as much respected by many eminent persons at Court ; and has been celebrated by some of the literary persons of his age, particularly Bishop Parkhurst, who has some epigrams on him.^ Dr. Butts married Margaret, daughter and heiress of . Bacon, of Cambridgeshire, by whom he had three sons; William, who was knighted, and resided at • Strype's Lifeof Cheke, p.24. 8vo., 171^. * Ibid. p. 32. ^ A. Wood. Athen. Oxon. 80 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Thornage in Norfolk, and who died in 1583 ;V Thomas, who settled at Great Riburgh ip Norfolk, where his ancient seat is now remaining in the possession of Sir Edmund Bacon ; and Edmund, of Barrow, in Suffolk. These married three sisters, daughters and co-heiresses of Henry Bures of Acton in Suffolk, by Ann, daughter of Sir William Walgrave, which lady married to her second husband Sir Clement Higham, Chief Baron of the Exchequer. This gave rise to an error in a pedigree of the Bacon family in " Blome- field's Norfolk," where Sir William Butts is stated to have married a daughter of Sir Clement Higham. Of the sons, Edmund alone had a daughter, who became sole heiress to her uncles, and married Sir Nicholas Bacon. * Sir William Butts died 17th November 1545, and was buried in this church. It is probable that some part of his family at that time resided here, as the name of Butts, at a later period, occurs in the parish books. His name is immortalised in the pages of Shakespeare, who has introduced him in his Play of Henry VHL," as forming one of the household of that monarch.'' Holbein has inserted his portrait in " The Delivery of the Charter to the Barber Surgeons Com- pany," which has been engraved by Baron. On entering the nave, on the north wall, is a beau- tiful monument of various coloured marble, inscribed * See a " Boke of Epitaphs'' on his death, printed by Robert Ddllington and others. ^ Hen. VIII. Act V. Scene 11. OF FULHAM. 81 to the memory of Bishop Gibson, who is interred in a vault in the church-yard. To The Memory of That excellent Prelate Dr. Ednmnd Gibson Dean of his Majesty^s Chapel Royal And one of the Lords of His Majesty's most Honbie. Privy Council In Him This Church and Nation lost a real Friend and Christianity a wise, Strenuous and Sincere Advocate. His Lordship's peculiar care and concern for the constitution and discipline of the Church of England were eminently distinguished, not only by his invaluable Collection of her Laws, but by his pru- dent and steady opposition to every attack made upon them. His Affection for the State, and Loyalty to his Prince, were founded on the best principles ; and therefore were, upon all occasions, fixed and uniform ; and his zeal to establish the truth, and spread the influence of the Christian Religion, displayed in that most instructive defence of it, his Pastoral Letters, will ever Remain as the strongest Testimony of the Conviction of his own mind, and of his aff'ectionate attention to the most important interests of mankind. Thus lived and Died this Good Bishop ; A Great and Candid Churchman A Dutiful and Loyal Subject An Orthodox and Exemplary Christian Obiit Sept. 6. 1748, ^tat. 79. Arras — Az. 3 Storks rising Arg. On the opposite wall, over the Bishop's Pew, is placed-a marble tablet in memory of Bishop Porteus^ thus inscribed : G 82 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT In Memory of The Rt. Rev. Beilby Porteus, D.D. late Bishop of London, Dean of His Majesty's Chapel Royal He died on the 13th of May, 1809, aged 78 Years, On the floor of the middle aisle was the following, in Bowack's time : Near this place lyes interred the body of Abraham Downing, Esq; Serjant Skinner to his Majesty Charles II. He married Anne the Daughter of William Prew, Rector of Dittos in Kent, and had by her four children, Richard now living, and William, Prudence, and Anne, buried near this place. He departed this life January the 19th, 1676, aged 59 years. And here are also the tombs of the following persons : Robert Blanchard, Goldsmith of London, 168I. John Burnet, Gent. 1689. Ursula, wife of the Rev. Lewis Thomas, Rector of Upton, Wilts, and daughter of Sir Thomas Woodcock, 171&* John Elliot, Gent. 1722. Alexander Mackbride, 1777. South Aisle. Against the south wall of this aisle is a stately mo- nument of white marble, secured with iron rails about fourteen feet in height, in memory of Dorothy Lady Clarke, first married to Sir George Clarke, Knt^ Secretary at War to Charles 11. , and secondly to Dr. Samuel Barrow. At the top is an urn, from which OF FULHAM. 83 are suspended festoons of flowers, and the coat of arms is supported by two winged genii ; it is an excel- lent piece of workmanship, by Grinling Gibbons, and cost 300/. On a Sarcophagus beneath is this inscription : D. O. M, S Beatam hie expectat resurrectionem Dein Dorothea Clarke, Samuelli Barrow Filia et ex cohaeredibus Ejusdem illustrissimi Principis Thomae Hyliard Hantoniensis Medico Ordinaris et NecNon pro exercitu Anglicano Elizabethae Kympton. Et Advocato et Judici Nupsit primum cum quo Gulielmo Clarke, Equiti, aurato ut vixit Serenissimo Regi Carolo Secundo Ita subter m pace requiescit, A rebus bellicis Secretario Charissimse matri k ciijus uberibus Pependit et vitrico Optimo multumque de se merito Ilia obiit ii Kal. Aug. George Clarke, Ille obiit xii KaL Ap. A.D. MDCXCV. Fliiius unicus et privignus. A.D. MDCLXXXIL P. Arms — Arg. on a bend Gules between 3 pellets, as many swans prO' per ; or, on a canton az. a leopard's jamb, or, for Clarke ; sable two swords in saltier arg. hilts and pommels, or between 4 fl. de lis of the last for Barrow, and az. a chevron between 3 mullets, or for Billiard. In the expectation of a blessed Resurrection, here lies Dorothy Clarke, daughter and of her Brother, William Sharp, Esq, late of Fulham House, in this parish, who died March 17> 1810, aged 81: Endeared to their family connections and society by an amiable* iiess of Charactei;, which has seldom been equalled, and to each other, by a degree of mutual attachment, which has never been surpassed, They were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their deaths they were not divided. On a head-stone near the preceding : Here lie interred the remains of the Rev, Graham Jepson, B.D, formerly Fellow of King's College, afterwards Rector of Milton, in Cambridegshire, for 35 years Vicar of this parish, and in 1790 was presented to this Rectory by the Right Rev. Beilby, late Bishop of this diocese. His obligation for this mark of his Lordship's favour he ever strongly felt and gratefully acknowledged, and directed it might be here recorded. He died 24th May, 1811, in the 77th year of his age. OF FULHAM. 115 Near the north door of the church, on a head- stone : Under this stone are deposited the remains of Nathaniel Rench, late of this parish. Gardener, who departed this life, Jan. 18th, 1783, aged 101 years. Added to this remarkable instance of longevity, he enjoyed, unimpaired, the full powers of his faculties until a short period of time previous to his dissolution, possessing, in an eminent degree, the social virtues. It may justly be applied to him that. An honest man's the noblest work of God."-~PoPE. There are also the tombs of the following per* sons : William Skelton, Gent. 1720. Mr. Thomas Soulsby, 1721. John Powell, Gent. 1722. Robert Aprece, Esq. of Washingley, in the county of Huntingdon, 1723. His daughter, Susanna, relict of Admiral Sir John Balchen, 1752. Robert Powlett, Gent, of Clement's Inn, 1723. Joanna, wife of Thomas Moore, Gent, of New Inn, 1725. Bartholomew Shorthose, apothecary, 1727. Philip Dwight, S.T.P. Vicar, 1729. William Wylde, Gent. 1731. George Lane, Esq. of the Band of Gentlemen Pensioners, 1732. Mrs. Anne Villars, 174^5. Margaret, wife of Captain Thomas Mogg, 1751. Charles Keightley, Esq. 175 J • Gabriel Johnston, Gent, of New Inn, 1752. James Croft, Esq. 1753. George Pultand, Esq, 1756. William Brydges, Esq. 1762. Mr. Thomas HinchliiF, 1762. Francis Gashry, Esq. Treasurer and Paymaster of the Ordnance, 1762. John Duer, Esq. 1764. Rev. John Eddowes, 1765. Edward Pratten, Esq. 1769. Noah Tittner, Merchant, 1771. Robert Price, Surgeon, 1773. Capt. John Emmeness, 1776. Abraham Dupuis, Esq. 1777» Frederic Nussen, Esq. one of his Majesty's Musicians, 1779. Jacob Fletcher, Esq. 1783. William Scott, Esq. 1785. Mr. Henry Hoi- land, 1785. Mr. Thomas Claridge, 1786. Mrs. Mary Kime, 1788. Lady Henrietta, daughter of Alexander, Duke of Gordon, aged 1\6 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT ciglity-one, 1789. Stephen Bourget, Esq. 1790. Mary, wife of Mr. John Rawling, 1790. Beata, daughter of John Wyllyams, Esq. of Plaistow House, in Essex, and niece of Sir John Dineley, Bart. 1791- Mr. Francis Woodhouse, 1791. Mrs. Anne Walker, aged 91> 1792. Mary Matyear, 1769. William Matyear, 1781. Ann Stocken, 1797- W. Scott, 1794. Jane Burchell, 1797- George Trier, 1803. Elizabeth Howard, 1799- Thomas Scott, 1799. William Howard, 1802. Sophia Howard, 1802. Joshua Champness, 1799. Thomas Eayres, 1772. Eliz. Eayres, I8O6. Sally Stocken, 1804. Oliver Stocken, 1808. John Sendall, 1805. Sarah Sendall, 1808. William Burchell, 1800. Catharine Cornelia Elizabeth Mayers, 1803. Catharine Harwood, I8O9. Capt. N. Starkie, I8O9. John Millet, I8O9. Nathaniel Kent, Esq. 1810. John Armitage, 1811. James Maton, 1811. Ann Fielder, 1812. Mary Bayley, 1812. Thomas Stocken, 1784. John Chasemore, J 787. William Watts, 1794. Susan Watts, 1797. Judith Frampton, 1792. William Fielder, 1800. Hannah Chasemore, 1801. Mar- garet Willcox, 1803. George Lewis, 1803. Martha South, 1812. Sir S. Hales, Bart. 1805. Elizabeth Madden, 1804. Elizabeth Matyear, 1805. Thomas Jupe, I8O6. There are two fine yew trees on each side of the principal entrance of this church-yard, and another, very much decayed, on the north side, probably coeval with the church itself. It is not easy to discover what induced our ances- tors to plant this tree so generally in church-yards ; scarcely any could have been selected less capable of affording shelter to the church from storms, both from_ the slowness of its growth and the horizontal direc- tion of its branches ; neither could one tree supply a whole parish with bows, as some have conjectured.^ Our ancestors most probably considered them as emblems of immortality, by reason of their evergreen and melancholy hue. ' Gent. Mag. 1765, 1777, 1789. OF FULHAM. An ingenious modern writer, Mr. Brady, in his Clavis Calendaria^, iias this passage respecting them : Among our superstitious forefathers, the palm tree, or its substitute, box and yew, were solemnly blessed on Palm Sunday, and some of their branches burnt to ashes, and used on the Ash Wednesday in the follow- ing year; while other boughs were gathered and dis- tributed among the pious, who bore them about in their numerous processions ; a practice which was con- tinued in this country until the second year of Edward VL Caxton, in his Directory for keeping the Festivals, - printed in 1483, shews that the yew was substituted for the palm in England. But for encheson, that we have non olyve that bereth grained leef, algate therefore, we take ewe instead of Palme olyve." Well do I know thee by thy trusty yew, Chearless, unsocial plant! that loves to dwell 'Midst sculls, and coffins, epitaphs, and worms ; Where light-heeled ghosts, and visionary shades. Beneath the wan cold moon, (as Fame reports) Embody'd thick, perform their mystic rounds. No other merriment, dull tree ! is thine, Blair's Grave, p. 4. London, 1753 ' Vol. i. p. 256. 118 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT CHAPEL OF ST. PAUL AT HAMMERSMITH. Doctor Laud, Bishop of London, by an instrument under his episcopal seal, bearing date June 4, 1631, in the third year of his translation, for himself and his successors, granted to the inhabitants of the village of Hammersmith a parcel of ground in the said hamlet, within the manor of Fulham, containing in length from north to south 105 feet, and in breadth from east to west If" ^ ^eet, or thereabouts, for the purpose of builds ing a Chapel at their own cost and charges; the bishop, on Tuesday the„7th of the same month, con- secrated the same, together with the cemetery, or bury- ing-place^ and dedicated it to the service of God, and decreed it to be called by the name of the Chapel of St. Paul. But before the consecration, there was an agreement executed in writing between Dr. Richard Cluett, the then Vicar of Fulham, and the Earl of Mulgraye, Nicholas Crispe, and otliers, as follows viz. That the inhabitants perpetually, for the time being, shall find and maintain, at thtir own cost and charge, a curate to officiate the cure of the said chappie, and shall, at their own cost and charges, repair and maintain the said chappie; and the Vicar of Fulham, and inhabitants of Fulham, on Fulham side, for the time being, shall be freed and discharged from the finding a curate in the said chappie, and from any charge and contribution thereunto. ' Newcourt's Repertorium, vol. i. p. 6 10* V OF FULHAM. 119 That the inhabitants of Hammersmith shall be perpetually liable to the reparation of the church of Fulham, from time to time, as heretofore they have been. That all and every the inhabitants of Hammersmith shall, once every year, viz. at the feast of Easter, for ever, receive the Holy Communion at the Church of Fulham, and may at all other times have free liberty to repair to the Church of Fulham at times of Divine Service and Sermons, and there to receive all Sacraments and Sacramentals as heretofore they have done. That all tythes, oblations, and emoluments whatsoever, to the Church and Vicar of Fulham belonging, shall be yielded and paid by the inhabitants of Hammersmith to the said Church and Vicar as heretofore they have been, without defalcation or diminution, by reason of the erection of the said chappie or otherwise. And for all marriages, christenings, churchings, and burials, which shall be celebrated and done in the said chappie, or within the pre- cincts of Hammersmith ; and all fees, duties, and profits whatsoever, shall be paid to the Vicar of Fulham for the time being, and to the Church and Parish of Fulham as if they had been celebrated and done in the Church and Church-yard of Fulham respectively ; and if any Sermon shall be preached at any the said times, it shall be preached by the vicar only, without his allowance and consent be obtained, if he be then at Fulham, and his consent may be taken. And to the intent, the said duties and profits of the said mar- riages, christenuigs, churchings, and burials at Hammersmith, afore- said, may be truly and justly paid to the Church and Vicar of Ful- ham, for ever, the Curate of Hammersmith, and that Churchwarden of Fulham parish which shall be on Hammersmith side, shall weekly, on Saturday, from time to time, bring to the Vicar of Fulham a true note of all such as have been the week before married, christened, churched, and buried, at Hammersmith, together with the fees, profits, and duties, belonging to the said Vicar; and the said mar- riages, christenings, churchings, and burials, shall be registered in the Register Book of the church and parish of Fulham as heretor. fore they have been. And the said Vicar of Fulham, for the time being, for ever, shall be freed and discharged from the burden and charge of executing hi3 ministerial office in the said chappie, unless at that time he shall, I 4 120 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT of his own free will and pleasure, repair to the said chappie, and preach and perform any other ministerial act, such as he shall be pleased at any time to do ; and for that purpose there shall be a convenient seat, or pew, allotted out in the said chappie, which shall belong to the said Vicar for the time being, for ever, to have the said pew to himself, at such times as he shall make repair to the said chappie. ( Signed ) Mulgrave, Richard Cluet, Nicholas Crispe^ John Acton, Carew Saunders, Richard Warwick, Thomas Martin, Samuel Crispe, John Buck, Thomas Holden, Richard Chilton. This curacy is in the patronage of the Bishop of London, whose right of patronage was confirmed anno 171 15 by a decree of Lord Chancellor Harcourt, the hamlet having set up a claim of election. The Trustees of the chapel, who receive the rents of the pews, are obliged to allow the curate a salary of 80/. per annum. He receives a fee (in addition to that paid by the Vicar of Fulham) for all occasional duty done at the chapel, and is entitled to the profits of a gallery, built by Dr. Hutchinson, a former curate. Isaac Knight, who was curate of Hammersmith during the Interregnum, was allowed the small tythes within the hamlet, valued then at 120/. per annum, as a compensation for which, the sum of lOO/. per annum was granted to Adoniram Byfield, then Vicar of Fulr ham, out of the impropriated benefice of Ashwell, in Hertfordshire.* The present curate is the Rev. Thomas Stephen Atwood, M.A. appointed in 1788. Bowack thus describes this chapel in the year J 705.* * Lysons, vol. ii. p.4l3. * Antiquities of Middlesex, p. 49, OF FULHAM. 121 " The very name of a chapel of ease sufficiently points out the causes of its erection ; and indeed the great number of people inhabiting in and near this place, at such a great distance from Fulham church, made the erecting of a chapel long desired, and talked of, before it could be effected; but about the year 1624, the great number of gentry residing here being sensible of the inconveniences, as well as the poorer people, began in earnest to think of this remedy ; and after several of them had largely subscribed, they set about the work with all possible application. The whole number of inhabitants who were willing to enjoy the benefit of this chapel voluntarily subscribed, and were included within the limits belonging to it upon the division, so that a very considerable sum was secured. The limits of this chapel were divided from Fulham before the year 1622, as appears by a bene- faction to the poor of Fulham in the table at the end. About the year 1628, the foundation of the chapel was laid, and the building carried on with such expe- dition, that in the year 1631 it was completely finished and consecrated ; though, at the west end, there is a stone fixed in the wall with this date, 1630, which was placed there when the said end was built, probably before the inside was begun. The whole building is of brick, very spacious and regular ; and at the east end is a large square tower of the same with a ring of six bells. The inside is very well finished, being beautified with several devices in painting. The cieling also is very neatly painted, and in several compartments and ovals were finely depicted the arms of England, also 122 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT roses, thistles, fleur-de-luces, &c., all of which the rebels, in their furious zeal, dashed out, or daubed over ; though this particular act was more the effect of their malice against his Majesty King Charles L p,nd the sacred kingly office, than their blind zeal against popery, endeavouring, to the utmost, that the memory of a king should be expunged the world. " The glass of the chancel-window was also finely painted with Moses, Aaron, &c. ; also the arms of the most considerable benefactors ; but these have been much abused, (probably by the same ungodly crew,) as relics of popery and superstition ; however, the remains of them evince their former art and beauty, which was very extraordinary. In several of the other windows, likewise, there are the benefactors' coat of arms, particularly Sir Nicholas Crispe's, who may be called its founder, himself giving, in money and materials, the sum of 700/. towards its building. It was likewise very well paved, and pewed with wainscot, and made commodious and beautiful within ; the whole charge of which was about 2000 and odd pounds. Besides this, ample provision was made for the minister, &c. of which in its proper place. Notwithstanding the ill usages this chapel has met with, it is still in very good condition; beside this, adorned with several statelj monuments now standing." OF FULHAM. 123 Monuments within the Chapel. On the upper part of the south wall of the chancel^ about ten feet high, are the following : Elizabeth Lannoy, died 19th January, 1700 — 1, aged 38. Sir Thomas Lannoy, died 12th September, 1718, aged 73. Arms — Az. a chevron between 2 swans in chief, and a pair of shears in base, argent, impaling arg. a fesse azure. Underneath the above is a monument of black and white marble, defended with iron rails, with the follow- ing inscription : To the lasting memory of the Right Hon^i^ Edmond Lord Sheffield, Earl of Mulgrave, Baron of Butterwicke, and Knight of the Most Noble Order of y^ Garter, w^^ honour of the Gart^ was conferred on him by Queene Elizabeth, for his valiant services in 88 against the Spaniards ; he being then Captaine of the Ship, called the Beare, and Commaunde^ of a Squadron of Ships. After that, he served her Mas^^ in the Irish warres, where God so blessed Him, that he gayned much honor. 3y King James, he was made President of y® North, where he governed many yeares with such Integrity, that Injustice was never laid to his Charge. He was a good Patron to his Country, endeavouring^ to advance the Church & Comonweale. He was Truely pious, open handed to feed the poore, and Cioath the Naked. As he lived, he died the Deatli of the Righteous on the vi of Octob^ MDCXLVL in the 83^^ year of his age, and ly^th Here under interred. 124 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT The vertuous, pious, and truely noble. Lady Mariana, Countess of Mulgrave, His dearly beloved Wife surviving him, in Expression of her conjugall Love, Erected this monument. D. S. P. F. C. The Lady Sheffield repaired this monument. Anno Domini 1682. Arms — Arg. a chevron between 3 garbs gules, impaling 3 holly leaves for Irwine. Over the south door of the chancel, on a marble tablet, above which is an urn, is inscribed : , . Sacred to the memory of Elizabeth, the Wife of Anthony Askew, M.D. and Daughter of Robert Holford, Esq. Master in Chancery. She exchanged this life for a better, on the 2nd day of August, 1773, in the 39th year of her age. On the north side of the altar is a tomb of black marble, on which is placed the bust of Alderman Smith, in his gown, with a laced falling band and whiskers, supported by two weeping figures. On a black marble tablet is inscribed : To the lasting memory of James Smith, Esq. Citizen and Salter, and sometime Alderman of the City of London, who fined also for the office of Sheriff, and was one of the Governors of Christ's Hospital of the said City. A good Benefactor to his Country, in erecting of Alms-houses for the relief of the Poor in the parish of Bookham, near Maidenhead, where he was born. He was also very liberal to the poor Children of Christ's Hospital, and OF FULHAMo 125 to the said Company of Salters, and very free in many other Charitable uses for the good of the Poor, He had the blessing of many Children, whereof Five, by Mary, his first wife, deceased ; and by his second wife Sarah, now living, Fifteen, who out of love to her deceased Husband, hath erected this monument. He dyed the 10th of October, 1667, and in the 80th year of his age. Here also lyeth the body of Sarah Smith, widow of the above- said James Smith, the only daughter of Robert Cotton, late of West Barge Holt, in the county of Essex, Gent, deceased, and one truly joined to her husband, not only in conjugal love and virtue, but also in bountiful charity, having lately augmented the gifts of her late husband, and then changed this life the 29th of January, 1680, and in the 76th year of her age. Arms — Az. a lion ramp, or, on a chief arg. a mullet gules between two torteaux. Against the north wall of the chancel, on a large marble slab, is the following : Near this place resteth, in expectation of a glorious Resurrection, the mortal part of Mrs. Mary Greene, daughter of Edward Tursell, Esq. and Wife of Mr. John Greene, of London, Merchant, who dyed in childbed the 23rd of Nov. 1657, aged Seventeen, leaving behind her one sonne. For whose pious Memory her husband erected this Monument. Foemina chara viro, superis dilecta, parentum Delicise, rapida morte perempta jacet 1^6 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Quae famam meritis superavit, moribus annos Et sexum ingenio, et religione suam Gemmam banc ostendit mundo natura sed ill^ Indigno rapuit, CcElicolisq ; dedit Sit brevis in terrS, quamvis mora ne puta (lector) Vitam, quae fuerat non nisi sancta brevem, Etiam post funera vivit In suorum desiderijs In Bonorum praeconijs In Coelorum gaudijs. Mat. Fowler Soc. hujus mem^ veritatis et amoris ergo P. Tu multum dilecta Deo quam corripit Mther Ante diem, Et fati dignam melioris Amica Vis rapuit Cceli, gestitoq ; ornata triumphis Neptis Ave felix Terrena mole soluta Angelicis permista choris super astra volantes Perge triumphali currus educere pompa. Guli. Chadwickco The arms of Green obliterated ; the impalement is arg. a cross form6e flurty gules for Tursel. Adjoining, on the same wall : This Monument was erected by the Lady Nevill, to the Memory of her beloved Husband, Sir Edward Nevill, Knt., Second Justice of her Maj^P Court of Common Pleas who died the 7^ of August 1705 and in the 77^^ Year of his Age, OF FULHAM. 127 • In the same grave with her husband, at her own request, lies buried the s^ Dame Frances Nevill, who died the 12^^^ of October 1714, in the 73 yeare of her Age* Arras— Gules, a Saltier Argent, a mullet for difference. The female Arms are defaced, they seem to have been paly Or, and Azure, Underneath the preceding, on a large black stone, is the following inscription : Hie latet Franciscus Wolley patris Edwardi D.D. Theologise et Mariae matris Filius bbsequentissimus Medii Terapli Londini Alumnus. In terram cecidit decimo septimo Die mensis Januarii, vigesimo tertio ^tatis suae Arms— Arg, on a Chevron Sab. an Eagle displayed of the field. Against the north wall of the nave, near the pulpit, at a considerable height from the ground, is a fine bronze bust of Charles I., on a monument of black and white marble, with the following inscription : Annoque Dom. MDCLIX. In gremio matris cineres requiescite, Coeli Dum tuba de gelid^ vos revocabit humo Cras, non iterabimus. ^ 128 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT This Effigies was Erected by the special Appointment of Sir Nicholas Crispe, Knight & Baronet, As a grateful commemoration of that Glorious Martyr King Charles The First of blessed Memory. Beneath, on a pedestal of black marble, is an urn inclosing the heart of Sir Nicholas Crispe ; on the pedestal is inscribed : Within this urn is entombed the heart of Sir Nicholas Crispe, Kt. and Baronet, a loyal sharer in the sufferings of his late & present Majesty. He first settled the trade of Gold from Guinea, and there built the Castle of Cormantine. Died the 26th of February l665. Aged 67 Yeares, The bust of King Charles was placed here by Sir Nicholas Crispe in his life-time^ in grateful commemo- ration of his Royal master. Sir Nicholas was interred in the family vault in the parish church of St Mildred, in Bread-street, but he directed his heart, after his decease, should be placed in an urn beneath this bust. 130 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT On the south wall of the nave is the following inscription : In Spe beatae Resurrectionis prope Jaceut Reliquiae M arise Hutchinson Tim. Lannoy Equitis, Filia Natu quarta Michaelis Hutchinson S,T.P. Conjugis Dilectissimae Pietate in Deum Sumnia, Moribus Suavissimis Vultu Venusto, forma eleganti, gestu decoro Coelitus Dotatae Vixit Si qua alia universis chara Universis flebilis occidil XXIV die Decembris A.D. MDCCXVII. Mm. XXVL Juxta cineres Conjugis Sepeliri se Voluit Michael Hutchinson, S/f.?. Hujus Ecclesiae per 32 Annos Pastor Ob. Maii 10"^° 1740 JEt. 63. Tener hoc Elogium exsculpi curavit E. H. Viduus Maestissim In Uxoris Optimae Memoriam et sui luctus tenue Levamen Hoc Monumentum Moerens Posuit M. H. A¥ms— Per Pale Gul. and Az. a Lion ramp. Arg. between 6 Crosslet;^, Or, impaling Lannoy. On a stone on the floor of the chancel is inscribed : Depositum, Radulphi Box Militis Qui obiit XXIII die Martis Anno Domini MDCXCIII. iEtatis Su% LXVH. OF FULHAM. Et Elizabethae uxoris ejus Quse obiit XXV die Januarii Anno Domini M.DCXCIIL ^tatis suae LIV. On the pavement of the middle aisle : D. O. M. S. Nobilissimo Illustrissimoque viro Ludovico de Saint Delis Marchioni de Heucourt, Natione Gallo Fide Sincera Pietate eximiae Probitate singiilari Conspicuus M orum amaenitate amabiii relictis quas amplas habebat opibus Religionis causa in Anglia profugo. Elizabetha Nobilissima Le Compt de Noimaut Familia Oriunda Uxor Moerens H. M. P. C. Vixit Annos LXVII. Obiit die Decembris XVIL Anno Domini MDCXCIII. This nobleman brought with him a sufficiency from his native country, not only to support the dignity of his title, but also to relieve the necessities of his poor countrymen, which he always very liberally did ; and died, in an old age, very much lamented." * Bowack's Antiq. of Middlesex, p» 55. K 2 HISTORJCAI, ACCOUNT On the ivall of the south aisle : Thomas Clarke, Esq.; 1786. Aged ?0. Sarah, his Wife, 1792. Aged 80. On a tablet on the same wall is the following : Here lies the body of Thomas Worlidge, Painter, who died ihe S3d of September, 1766, aged 66 years. He who had art so near to nature brought. As ev'n to give to shadows life and thought — Had yet, alas ! no art, or power to save His own corporeal substance from the grave t Yet tho' his mortal part inactive lies, Still Worlidge lives — for genius never dies, Thomas Worlidge was brought up a painter^ and for the greater part of his life painted portraits in minia- ture; but not meeting with sufficient emplojmient in that line, he applied himself to engraving, or rather etching. He was a very ingenious man, and his works have much merit; they are executed chiefly with the point in imitation of Rembrandt's stile, and are very numerous; yet he could scarcely live upon the money ' they produced. His principal wor ks are a set of gems from the antique. In the latter part of his life he resided at Bath; but he died at Hammersmith, and was buried in this chapel. s, On another tablet : This Monument is erected to the Memory of Jaines Scott, Esq; OF FULHAM. 133 whose life ^as beautified with those amiable and estimable qualities Which benefit Society, and form the benevolent friend. A sudden visitation of the Almighty took him from among us, leaving many to mourn for him, on the 29th day of Nov. 1793^ in the 64th Year of his Age. On a white marble tablet, with a border of darkr coloured marble : Stephen Wright, Esq; 1797, aged 57. Mrs. Louisa Wright, his Widow, I8O9, aged 50, On a tablet : To the Memory of James Smith, Esq.; formerly of Rotterdam, but late of this Hamlet^ who died 25th Dec. 1798, in the Seventy-fifth Year of his Age, On the stairs leading to the north gallery is a marble tablet, in memory of the following persons of the Impey family : James Impey, of Christ Church, Oxford, died 19 Nov. 1750, aged 30. Elijah Impey, died 27 April, 1756, aged 73. Michael Impey, died 17 March, 1765, aged 84. Anne, the wife of Michael, died Feb. 9, 1773, aged 50. Martha, widow of Elijah, died 15 October, 1776, aged §4, Jane Sarah, died 27 Dec. 1791, aged 54. Blichael Impey, died June 24, 1794-, aged 77- fjijah M;4tthew Impey, 24 May, 1805, aged 28» K 3 134 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Against the north wall, on a handsome marble tablet^ is the following inscription : In the Family Vault within this Chapel are deposited the remains of Sir Elisha Impey Knight, Who closed his mortal career on the first day of October, A.D. 1809, aged 77 years. He was distinguished through Life by a Superiority of Natural and acquired Talents, which elevated hira to a Station of primary rank and importance in the legal profession on the Establishment of the Supreme Court of Judicature of the British Provinces in the East Indies. He was the first appointed to preside at that Tribunal, ATrust which he executed with integrity, and resigned with reputation. Besides those qualities which eminently marked his public life, He was endowed with a rectitude of Principle, & a liberty of Action, which, added to the Graces of a cultivated mind. Constituted his character as a Gentleman ^nd as a Scholar ; And which combined with a peculiar tenderness of disposition, in the nearer Relations of Society, Rendered him while living beloved ; and, when dead, lamented as a Kind Master, a Stedfast Friend, an Indulgent Father, an Affectionate Husband. In pious remembrance of his Virtues, and in sorrowful testimony of her Attachment, This Monument is erected by his Afflicted Widow. At the south-west end of the chapel, under the gal- lery, on a marble tablet : Sacred To the Memory of Arthur Murphy Esquire, a barrister of Law of distinguished Character ; a dramatic Poet of great Celebrity, A Classical Scholar of rare Attainments, a Political Writer of no comnion consideration; a Loyal Subject, And a Sincere Christian ^ OF FULHAM. 135 This eminent Man died on the 18 day of June 1805 in the 78th year of his age, and is interred in the same vault with His Mother, Mrs. Jane Murphy. On the wall of the south aisle : Sacred to the Memory of Robert Jones, Esquire, of St. Mary Hill, in the City of London, Merchant, who died the xix day of June, MDCCCVIII. aged Lxviii years. Also of his Mother, Mrs. Blunt Jones, who died the xxvii day of Augt, MDCCLXII. Aged LViii yearso And of his Sister, Mrs. Catharine Peach, who died the xv day of June^ MDCCCIII. Aged LXiv years. In the north window of the chancel are the royal arms, and those of the Earls of Mulgrave and Bedford. In the south window are the arms of Bishop Laud impaled with the arms of the See of London ; the arms of the City of London, and those of Sir Nicholas Crispe, impaling for Hase, Erminois, 3 Lions' Heads erased Sahl^. K 4 136 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT In the windovv^s of the north aisle are the arn^$ oi Cave — Az. fretty Arg. quartering I. Erm. on a bend sable 3 Congers's heads Arg. 2. Arg. on a bend Gules 3 Swans. 3. Ermine on a bend 2 Chevrons. 4. Arg. on a fesse between 3 birds Sable, as many cinquefoils of the field. The Motto, Gardez, and the arms of Prescot— -^^ Sable, a Chevron between 3 owls Arg. In the windows of the south aisle are the arms of Crispe impaling Prescot ; and those of Zouch. Curates of this QhapeL 1631. July 13, Rev. J. Dent, who continued to hold it till 1647. When the civil wars broke out, it appears that he was suc- ceeded by Isaac Knight, who was afterwards collated tQ the Rectory of this Parish. 1661. After the Restoration of Charles U. Matthew Fowler, D.D., was appointed Curate. 1662. Rev. J. Wade. 3707. Michael Hutchinson, D.D. It seems there was some opposition on the part of the inhabitants to the appointment of this gentleman ; and a Mr. Lyttleton Burton was nominated by them. An appeal was made to the Court of Chancery ; and by a decree of Sir Simon Harcourt, Lord Keeper, the 7th of May, 1711, Dr. Hutchinson was confirmed, and the right of the Bishop of London to the nomination of the Curacy was esta- ' blished, in consequence of the original agreement between Bishop Laud and the parishioners o* 1740. Rev. Francis Allen, 1751. Rev.ToRayne. * There is a picture in the possession of — — Galpine, Esq., of Turnham Green, which appears to have been painted in allusion to this dispute. OF FULHAM. 137 1757. Rev. T. Sampson. 1783. Rev. Dr. Smith. 1788. Rev. T. S. Atwood, M.A. In consequence of the great increase of the population in this hamlet, and the present church being found not capable of accommodating the whole qf the parishioners, it has been for some time in agitation to erect a larger and more commodious edifice; and after much dis- cussion, the following extract from the Report of the Committee appointed by the Vestry, seems to meet with general approbation : That the building of a new chapel is not only practicable, but under such financial management as remains to be pointed out, may be undertaken at a smaller expence to the hamlet than to en- large, or even to repair the old one as it now starids. The sanc- tion of an Act of Parliament alluded to in the said Report, would enable the hamlet to borrow all, or any part of th^ s^m required, to purchase ground, and to build a chapel, upon the common secu- rity of parish bonds of 100 Z. each, bearing interest. Should the sum so borrowed not exceed 10,000/., the increased rental of the capacious chapel would defray the yearly interest thereon, until the occasional disposal of the numerous vaults for interment beneath the structure should accumulate a fund capable of discharging the capital itself. The materials of the old chapel would aid the surplus of the remaining sum to be raised by rate on the hamlet, and pro- bably reduce that burden to three rates, at 6d, in the pound each. The Committee have concluded that no greater sum than 13,500/. €ught to be expended ; that it would be sufficient to erect a hand- some chapel for 1,500 persons, and that the whole amount of the sum borrowed should be amassed before the commencement of the undertaking ; that when built it should retain all the same privileges, endowments, and advantages, as at present, and be subject to all 138 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT such provisions for its maintenance and repair, as are in all similar cases made and provided. The Committee recommend that some plan should be resorted to in open Vestry in order to obtain the individual sanction of the inhabitants, either by public ballot or otherwise, previous to any further proceedings; and thus having, as far as lies in their power, concluded this arduous investigation, they submit their opinions to the hamlet, in the full sense of having spared no pains to elucidate the subject before them, and to extend an impartial review of their enquiries to the inhabitants at large/' OF FULHAM. 139 CHAPTER IV. Extracts from the Churchwardens' and Overseers' Books, Parish Register, Benefactions, Charity Schools. EXTRACTS FROM THE CHURCHWARDENS' ACCOUNTS. 1578. Paid for the discharge of the parish for weringe of hats contrary to the statute * • . • . • 5 2 Paid for the Queen's Majestie's being at Putney for vyttels for the ringers • 2 8 Anno 1583. Note of the armore for the parish ofFulham, viz. Fulham side only. First, a corslet with a pyke, sworde, and daiger, furnished in all points, a gyrdle only excepted. Item, two hargo- bushes, with flaskes and towchboxes to the same ; two morryons ; two swords, and two daigers, and two hanglesses unto the two swords, which are all for Fulham-syde only ; all which armore are, and do remayne in the possession and appointment of John Pulton of Northend, being constable of Fulham-syde the yere above wryt- ten, N.B. All sett owte into Flanders anno 1585, by Rowland Fysher, except one hargobusse with flaske and towchboxe; one murryon with sword and dagger remaynyng in his handes. » By an Act of Parliament passed 13 Eliz. every person above the age of seven years, and under a certain rank, was obliged to wear on Sundays and holidays a woollen cap, made in England, and finished |>y some of the trade of cappers, under the penalty of paying 3s, 4>d. for every day's omission. The Act was repealed 39 Eliz. 140 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Paid. to my Lord's Pareter for bryngyng towe inqui- sicions, whereon was to inquire for those that absent themselves from the churche ; and the other to inquire of those that be over the see for religion* • 0 8 1584. Spent at our dinner • 0 l6 1588. To the ringers at the Queens return from Barnelms, (Sir Francis Walsingham's) * • 0 6 1592. When the Queen went from Chelsey ••••• 0 14 1597' When the Queen went to Lord Burleigh's house at Wimbledon ••• 0 14 When the Queen went from Richmond to the Lord Admiral's, and so back again • • • t 2 8 i602. July 28, At the remove of the Queen from Green-, wich to Chiswick ^ • 012 J 622. Payd Mr. Foxall for maymed Souldiers for half a yeare endinge at Xpms last ^ xiii 5. * The custom of welcoming the arrival of kings or ambassadors with a chearful peal, is a very ancient custom, and seems to have been derived originally from the French — Et est assavoir que en la dite ville, et semhlahkment par toutes les autres villes, cu il ci este^ tant en venant d Paris comme en son ret our, il n'a etc regeu en quelque Eglise d procession, ne cloches sonntes d son, venir an. 1378.— 'Dm Cange. Gloss. Verb. Campana. There is a curious passage in Fuller's History of Waltham Abb^y, A.D. 1542, 34 of Henry VIII. relative to the wages of bell-ringers, |t is preserved from the Chur«:hwardens' Accounts : Item, paid for ringing at the prince his Coming, a penny,*' ^ Lysons, vol. ii. p. 394. 3 This was an assessment made for wounded and disabled soldiers o( the regular army, being the usual practice of providing for then^ previous to the erection of Chelsea Hospital, or FULHAM. 141 April. £. s. d* Item. Paid 1 C of paving tiles to pave the Church and for Carrriadge ••• 0 7 1 It. Paid for five dales work to set up seates in the Church and for Nayles • • 0 7 1 1623. Paid to a bricklayer and his labourer for one dayes work 0 1 2 Item. Payed to the ringers upon the Kings rout through to Hampton Court ••••• 0 1 6 Item. Paid for a prayer-booke for the 5th of November 0 o 6 1630. An asseasment made the xxiii*^^ daie of May, iGSO, for further releife of the poore there, on Fulham side, for this present year, there being great cause, therefore, by reason of the poores necessities in theis times of scarcitie. Total rec^. 3 6 10 1636. An asseasment made this sixth daie of September, 1636, for the releife of the poore on Fulham side, to remaine in stocke, according to his Maties order, in case the infection of the plague should be.* Summe totall of this 15 15 8 Payments made by the overseers during the plague. 1639. Item, Paid Osborne for two daies warding at Lady Grivills • • • 0 2 4 ' Some time after, the King to prevent the spreading of the dreadful contagion, raging in the City of London (which, within the year, carried off ten thousand and four hundred of the citizens,) by proclamation of the 26th of July, prohibited the keeping of either Bartholomew or Southwark fairs, anno l636. Mait land's London, p. 190. / 142 HISTOEICAL ACCOUNT Paid Henry Young for watching* and warding at the same place • 0 4 3 Paid Young for warding 3 weeks and five daies 18 0 Paid Kelly for watching two nights 0 2 0 Paid Nicholls for warding 0 0 6 Paid Elizabeth Jones and Widow Payne for being at the Laidie Grivills 1 2 0 Paid for Shirecrafts dyet, being shut upp^ • • • • Oil 9 ' Among the employments which the plague itself furnished, was that of watching the houses shut up by authority, the inhabitants of which were not allowed any kind of communication whatever but through the watchmen, who relieved each other every twelve' hours, and whose duty it was to procure provisions and other necessaries for the houses they were appointed to guard. Brayley*s London^ p. 400. ^ The shutting up of houses when any person was known to be afflicted with the plague, was among the earliest of the precau- tionary measures that were taken to keep it from spreading, yet with problematical eifect, as many an entire family was thus ex- posed to its virulence, who would otherwise, perhaps, have found safety in flight. Still, as a means of preventing that communica- tion between the healthy and diseased, by which the contagion was principally extended, it was, in many instances, beneficial ; yet, had a sufficient number of pest-houses been appointed to receive the infected in the early stage of the pestilence, all the proposed good would have been obtained without the hazard of so many attendant evils. The justices for Middlesex, by directions of the Secretaries of State, begun the practice in the parishes of St. Giles, St. Martin, and St. Clement, about the latter end of June, or the first of July ; the Lord Mayor and Aldermen adopted a similar regulation in the city and its liberties ; and in a week or two after- wards, the magistrates of the Tower Hamlets ordered the same measure to be taken in the eastern parishes. Watchmen were appointed to gu^rd the houses that were shut up, both by night OF FULHAM. 143 «. d. Paid Gringle for Wood's wife, being shut upp • . 0 15 0 Paid for beefe for the three visited houses • • • . 0 7 1 Given to Goodwife Lake in her sickness and for her keeper 0 10 0 Paid for a sicke woman at the brickills and for her keeper, to Easter daie last 115 o l640. Item, to the bearers that came from London, and a deal board to bear the corpses to churche Oil 4 Item, to Goodman Tucker, his house being sus- pected to be visited • 0 1 0 Item, for the relief of Fullers house from the 13th of December, l640, to the first of Februarie followinge > 2 13 4 Item, for the buriall of Fuller 0 2 0 l640. Item, paid to James Francis Smyth, for a bar of iron, wht. 9l^h, at 3d. per pound, to close upp Powell's house doore 0 2 4| Item, for Brade and his mans labour to sett on the barr 0 0 6 Item, to Goodman Burr for one weeks wardinge 0 5 0 Item, to Goodman Osborne for wardinge 3 0 8 Item, for one bushel of coles for visit house 0 1 3 Item, for the reliefe of Elizabeth Ivanes being shut upp in a visited house at Wandons Greene, from the 15 of April, l641, to the 24 of May 0 l6 0 Item, for a trusse of strawe for her to lie on 0 0 3 Item, to Goodwife Baker in tyme of her weak- ness before she got right to the hospital, where she dyed a pittiful creature 0 6 0 and day, and over every door thus closed, a large red cross was marked, with this supplicatory sentence printed over it : Lord have mercy upon us." Brayky^s London^ p. 3 89. 144 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT item, to Eliza Joanes, att several tymes for her wardinge • • • • Q 2 4 Item, to Humphrey Phillippes for his attendance in tyme of sickness • 0 4 6 Item, iox his knell, a shroude for him, his grave makinge, and in expenses in the house by those that bare him to church 0 6 t Item, for two trusses of strawe for him to lie one 0 0 6 Item, paid to Danyell Carter for reliefe of him- selfe, his wife, and children, before his house was shutt up of the sickness ••••• 0 19 6 Item, to Goodman Shute in tyme of his sickness and his wifes before her death i 5 1 Item, for a new spade to sett him to worke 0 3 4 Item, to Goodman Watkins in tyme of sicknes before he dyed ••••• 0 10 6 Item, to Mr. Cluett for the knell and grave makinge ••• • 0 0 6 1640. An asseasment made the last daye of February, 1 640, by John Burton, churchwarden, and other the inhabitants of Fulham, (on Fulham side,) whose names are hereunto subscribed, and is for the leaveyinge of l6Z. 4^. 2rf. forthwith, which l6 4 2 said son\e is to make up the 8/. odde money; formerly asseased for reliefe of the visited houses, 24/. 17^. 2rf. which said some Walter Sheldon, one of the overseers of the poore on Fulham side, hath disbursed and laid out for the reliefe of the visited houses, from the 26 of October, l640, to the first of February nexte followinge. l655. Collected by us whose names here underwritten in the parrish of Fulham, on Fulham side, the 17*^ of June, 1655, the somm of one hundred and four pounds fourteen shillings and ten-pence, by virtue of a declaration of his highness the Ld, Proctector and his councell, for the poore OF FULHAM. 145 s, d i665. protestants in Lucern and Angona, and other places in the dominions of the Duke of Savoy, now under persecution for the gospell of Christ. Suma Totalis 104 14 10 Isaac Knight, minist. John Shearcroft, churchwarden. 1657. It is ordered by the inhabitants then and there mett for the makinge an asseassment for the high ways for the pre- sent yeare abovesaid bee forty and five pounds. At a vestry, the 15 of April, l66l. l66l. Wee the inhabitants of Hammersmith, in the pish of Fuiham, whose names are here under written, doe certifie and assure any whoms att present itt doth, or hereafter may concerne, that the sufFeringe of Hammersmith chappell doore to be opened on Easter day now ensuinge, anno Dom. l66*l : upon a reasonable cause showne att present, is not in- tended, nor shall be interpreted by us, as any prejudice to any of the rights, dues, or privileges, that belonge to the churche of Fulham, nor as any president for the future in the pticular forementioned, to infringe or breke y^ custome of shuttinge up y^ doores of Hammersmith Chappell on Easter day, that the inhabitants there might then resort to the Church of Fulham by way of acknow- ledgement y^ they belong to y^ church. In witness whereof wee subscribe our names. Will. Chalkhill, Mathew Fowler, D.D. Thos. Whitehead, Henry Bradbury, churchwarden. Rich. Rauson, Francis Tirrey, and ) overseers of Robert Bulten^ John Parsons, i y^poore, Thos. Ufman, Robert Burton. L 146 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT l664. The parish clerk is ordered to cause the parish linen to be washed, provide oyle for the bells, brooms for cleaning the church, to ring the 4 and 8 o'clock bell, keep the register, write the transcript, enter the accounts, and wait in the vestry on all occasions, and to take care of the clock, for which he is to have 6 /. per annum. l665. At a mee tinge in the vestry. May 1 5th l665, beinge Whitson Monday. The cropp of the church meadows were sould to Mr. Thomas Beauchampe for the summe of eight pounds five shillings, to bee paid to Edmund Harmon, present churchwarden, upon the 24^^ of June next followinge the date hereof. Hen. Elwes, Edmund Harmon, William Dodd, Churchwarden, John Shercroft. Alt a Vestry y® day & yeare beforesaid. Itt is ordered that all errable land bee rated and assessed att twenty shillings per acre, and all pasture land thirty shillings per acre, and housinge the full value, takinge a third part off. Hen. Elwes, Thomas Greaves, D.D. Robert Hicks. S3 July, l665. An assessment for 60/. for the relief of the visited houses and families on Fulham side, and to discharge the tax laid upon the parish for relief of the visited in St* Giles's.' April 14, 1667. Ordered that Mr. Beauchampe, churchwarden, shall, in the next assessment for the parish, assesse ffive pounds to bee given to Mr. Stevenson, Vicar of Fulham, as a gratuity to him from the parish for his great pains iii the tyme of the visittation. ' About the beginning of May, one of the most terrible plagues that ever infested this, or perhaps, any other iTingdom, broke oul OF FULHAM. 147 May 1, 1667. That the overseers for the poore, and constable, doe for the future, joyn in the reformation of the sabbath day, and that a paire of stocks and whipping-post' be erected by the churchwarden, and that it bee allowed by assess- ment. ^4 allowed for them. 1668. A Rate made for the discharge of 20 L and charges upon the Parish for a Robbery lately committed in this Hundred. 168I. It is ordered y^ there be built & errected two small tenements next to the north side of y® poore Almes houses given by John Lappy w^^ such old stuff as was lately taken downe from the Pest Houses in Hurlingham field,^ at y® charge of the Prsh contayning two roomes. in London, by whose direful ravages sixty-eight thousand five hun- dred and ninety-six persons were swept away. This contagion hap- pening just forty years after the horrid pestilence in l625, occa- sioned some to impute a fatality to that number, as if, in this sense, the land was to have rest only forty years. — Maitland's Lond. p. 288. ' A.D. 1472. At this time there being only one pair of stocks in London, and those at the market, from which it received its name, for the punishing of vagrants. Sir William Hampton, the mayor, caused stocks to be erected in every ward, for the more effectual punishment of strollers. — Stowe's Survey of London, A.D. 1472. ^ Hurlingham field is now the property of the Earl of Ranelagh, and the site of his house. It was here that great numbers of people were buried during the plague. Since the dreadful period of l665, the plague has entirely ceased in London and in the suburbs ; which must be ascribed principally to the alterations that have been made in the width of the streets, in consequence of the great fire of 1606, to the improved and more open modes of building, by which a free circulation of air is secured, and to the great cleanliness resulting from the constant supplies of water for domestic purposes by means of the new river, &c. Bray ley s London, p. 406. 148 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT At a Vestry, 6 May 1672, It is ordered for the future, that there bee not expended at Pe- rambulacon dinner more than tenn pounds on both sides the Psh, as alsoe for ringing on Gunpowder Treason tenn shiUings and noe more: And on the Kings Coronaton tenn shillings, and on the Kings Birth day the like summ of tenn shillings, and not to exceed any more in the pticulars aforesaid. At a Vestry held 24 of September 1691, after Publique Notice given in the Psh Church y^ Lords day before. Forasmuch as the Parishon^^ and Inhabitants within the Pish of Fulham on Fulham side, are very sensible of the many favors a^jd kindnesses from tyme to tyme shewne to them by the Right Rever- end Father in God, Henry Lord Bishop of London, and more par- ticularly cf late in the kinde recommendation of Mr. Vincent Barry for y^ Vicaridge of this Parish upon the humble petition of most of the inhabitants upon that account, and conceaving themselves highly obliged in pointe of gratitude, to returne their humble thanks to his Lordship for the same. It is this present day by and with the una- nimous consent of the said Vestry, that their hearty and humble thanks be accordingly given to His Lordship; and that Sir The. Keney, Mr. Woodward, Mr. Dwight, Mr. Antho. Nourse, Mr. Rob. Limpany, Mr. Blencowe, Mr. Plukenett, with the Church Warden, are desired to acquaint his Lordship witlrthis order. As also that '4 his LordsP be humbly desired to recommend any fit person to supply the place of Lecturer of the said Parish, that place being now vacant, which person the inhabitants here present doe declare that they will use their utmost endeavor to elect him accordingly. Nov. 18. 1691. A Rate made for two Robberies lately committed in this hundred- ®f Ossuleston, the one for 5. 11. the other for £22^ OF FULHAM. 149 PARISH REGISTER. The early Registers of this parish are lost. Those qow remaining commence in the year 1679. We have not deemed it necessary to make any extracts from them, as we have already described the monuments of those who have been interred here, and shall have occasion in the subsequent pages to notice the princi- pal personages and families whose names are therein recorded, REGISTER BOOK OF BENEFACTIONS. This is a quarto volume, fairly written on vellum, in good preservation. The first entry was made in the year 1622. It is entitled : A Register Booke for the perpetual remembrance of all those worthie benefactours, who either whilst they lived, or when they deceased this world, were beneficiall either to the poore or for the repaire and adorning of the Church of Fulham.^' On the following page is this prayer : Omnipotent and most glorious God, in Jesus Christ, our most siiercifull & lovinge Father,we thy humble Servauntes confessing with Jacob, that we are not worthy of the least of thy mercyes by reason of our manifoulde transgressions, doe upon the bended knees of our soules and bodyes, blesse and magnifye thy sacred name, for all thine inestimable benefites. Amongst the rest we thank thy gracious Majestic for all them that are departed in thy fear and favour, and for such as are yet alive, that have wished w^ell, and sfill do beare good will unto thy Syon, who showeu theire bounty upon the schooles pf the Prophets ; the poore distressed members of our Saviour Jesus, L 3 150 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT whose care and cost have beene ever ready, either in this lyfe, or at theire death, for the buildinge, repayruige, and adornynge of the sacred Temples consecrated unto the Glory of the Lord of Hosts, wherein his service is celebrated and his sabaoths sanctifyed. And we humbly give thee thankes for all other our benefactours in what kinde soever, beseechiage thee that still thou wilt in mercy stir up others by theire gracious patterne and example to extend the lyke bountye upon thys thy Church militant, and upon the houses of God, that see they making themselves friendes of the unrighteous mani- nion, may at the last be received into thine everlastinge habitations. Grant this, O Lord, and all other thinges we stand in need of; even for thy Sons sake, Jesus our Lord and onely Saviour ; to whom with thee and the Holy Spirit, three persons and one God, be given all honour, praise, power, glory, majestic, and dominion, both now and evermore. Amen. Amen. Benefactions to Falham Parish. Two acres of meadow were given to the parish of Fulhanfi by a benefactor, now unknown, previously tq the reformation.' In the reign of Edward VL they were valued at 13^. 4^. per acre. It has been long since the practice to let them by auction to the best advantage. The bounding of the churche meadowe lying in the common meadowe, comuionly called the Towne-meade. The one acre of the sayde nieade is betweene the lande of Mr. Maurice Powell, the sonne of Mr. Edmunde Powell, Gentl. east and west, and abutteth in the south upon the river Thames ; and on the north side are the Lord Bishop s Demesnes, now in the occupation of Edmund Holding, 1623. The other acre of the sayd meade is betweene the lande of Mr. Edmunde Powell on the west, and the lande of Mr. John Powell, $pnne of the sayd Edamnde, on the east ; it abutteth in the south ' See p. 6l. OF FULHAM. 151 side upon the river Thames, and in the north side upon the lande of the sayd Mr. Edmunde Powell. 1594. Dr. Aylmer, Bishop of London, gave 20/. to the poor of Fulham, which being detanied by his son and executor Mr, Samuel Ailmer, above twenty years; upon a hearing before Chancellor Egerton, he was ordered to pay 40/. for the same, which was employed in buying coals. 1600. Thomas Bond, Esq. gave to the poor twenty shillings per ann. issuing out of two acres and a rood of land in Austin's Field ; on default of payment, the land was to be forfeited. John Powell, of Fulham, gave to the poor of Fulham 20^. issuing out of a house in King-street, Westminster. 1618. Dr. Edwards, Chancellor to the Bishop of London, gave 20/. to be distributed to the poor of the parish ; and in the codicil of his will, 100/- to buy them land, and 80/. to be employed in repairing the church, he. Also, long before his death, he gave 16/. towards building a school-house and vestry at the south porch of the cliurch, with lodgings for the master and parish dark, &c. He gave also a large gilt bowl for the Communion-service, with an embroidered pulpit-cloath and two cushions. Also 10/. towards the erection of a sluice between the river Thames and the Moat. 1619. Mr. Thos, Gresham, of Fulham, gave to the poor the sum of 4/. 1620. Bishop King left 20/., which, with the consent of his execu- trix, was employed towards the purchasing of lands for the poor of the parish. It was added to the 100/. given by Dr. Edwards, and four acres of land near Counter's Bridge, and two acres near Parr's Bridge were purchased with it : the former is now lelt on a building lease to Wm. Vale, at 63/. per annum; the latter to Peter Douglass Miller, Esq. at 52/. IO9. per annum, which sums are equally divided between the poor of Fulham and Ham- mersmith, L 4 152 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT 1620. Mr. Robert Jenkinson gave the sum of 20 L for the use of the poor. 1621. William Davis, alias Roche, yeoman of Fulham, gave 4>L towards augmenting the stock of the poor, and 2 1, towards the stock of the church. 1622. Dr. Dewport, Rector of the parish, gave to the poor the sum of 5 /. 1622. Mr. Edward Powell, Gent, of Fulham, gave 51. for the use of the poor of Fulham side only, as appears by a note in the book of his own writing. 1622. Mr. Thos. Hill erected and beautified the font to the church.' 1624. Mr. Wm. Edwards, gentleman-servant to the Lady Notting- ham, gave to the poor the sum of 10*. j^er annmn, for ever, to be paid at Midsummer, issuing out of lands at Ham- mersmith. 1626. William Payne, Esq. of Pallingswick, gave the twig Ayte, in the river Thames, between Richmond and Brentford, to this parish, out of the profits of which 3 /. per annum were to be allotted to Hammersmith, and the remainder to Fulham; it now produces 20/. per annum, l631. Widow Stevenson gave to the poor of Fulham the sum of 5/. ; one half to Fulham side, and the other half to Ham- mersmith side. 1631. Sir Henry Barker, Knt. gave 20Z. to the poor; one half to Hammersmith side, the other half to Fulham. 1632. Mr. Thos. Hill and his wife gave two plates for the use of the Communion-table, weighing 12 ounces 4 penny-weights. 1636. The Lady Vanlowe gave the sum of 10/. to the poor. 1636. Mr. Simon Willimot, of Parson's Green, gave 20/,, and directed it to be lent to young men dwelling in this parish, at the discretion of the vicar and churchwardens at the rate of 6/. per cent, per annum, and the produce to be given in bread to the poor ; but the donor also directed that when any sum of money was given for the purchase ' Seep. 98. OF FULHAM. 153 of lands for the use of the poor, this 20 /. should be added to it. 1639. Mr. Jasper Yeardlye, Master of Guilford Hospital, left 407. to be lent gratis, upon good security, to eight poor traders, four of Fulham and four of Hammersmith, at the discre- tion of the vicar and churchwardens. 1640. Mr. Eubank, of Hammersmith, gave to the poor of that side the sum of 10/. 1643. Capt. John Saris gave 30/. to buy bread for two such poor people as the churchwarden should think fit ; each to have a loaf every Sunday, after sermon, till the said sum was laid out. 1643. Mrs. Eliz. Manwaring gave for the Communion-table a damask table-cloth. 1646. Several parishioners gave towards furnishing the new vestry over the porch with tables and chairs to the value of near 4/. 1646. Mr. Andrew Arnold gave to the poor of Fulham side the sum of 40 shillings. In pursuance of an act of parliament past the 2Sth of March, l651. It is ordered the Commissioners of the Customs doe, out of the moneyes remaining in theire hands, ariseing by the collection of the new impost upon coles in the port of London, betweene the 22nd of Octo- ber, 16.52, and the first of Aprill following, pay unto Isaack Knight, minister of Fulham, to be employed by him and the rest of the said parish, on Fulham side, for the benefitt and reiiefe of the poore of the same, the summe of one hundred pounds : provided that noe disposition thereof be made but by the consent and approbation of Colonell Edmond Harvey. And for soe doeing, this, with the receipt of the said Isaack Knight, slial be the sufficient discharge of the said Com'^^ 1652. Committee Navy. Januarij, l652. Jo. Davers, Jo, Anlaby, Jo. Nelthorpe, Fra. Lascelles, Nath. Hallowes, 154 HISTOKICAL ACCOUNT 1633. Monday, the 16 January, l653. Att the Comm"^^ for preservations of the Customs. It is ordered that the Comm^^ of the Customs doe, out of the monies remaining in their handes, arising by the collection of the new impost upon coales in the port of London, between the 12^'' of October, l653, and the first of April following, pay unto Mr. Isaac Knight, minister of Fulham, for the use of the poore inhabitants res^^ in the parish of Fulliam aforesaid, The summ of fFortie poundes ; provided that noe distribution thereofF bee made but by and with the consent of Colonel! Edmond Harvey and Colonel! Langham, and the receipt of the said Isaack Knight, with this order, shall bee unto the said Comm^^ a sufficient discharge. John Stone, Antho. Rowe, Jo. Hildesley, Edw. Cludd. Att a vestrie. May ye 2^ l654. Whereas notice hath been given in y^ church concerninge the dis- position of the one hundred pounds given by the Parliament to the poore off Fulham parishe one Fulham side, wee the gentlemen meet heare att the vestrie one the daie abovementioned, doe desire Mr. William Eaursbey to take the aforesd 100 pouds into his costodie, paying and allowinge for the same, for the use of y^ poore off this parishe one Fulham side, five pounds per centum per afinum, and to give bond for the same unto Mr. Isaak Knight for the use aforesd, and to bee repaid when lawfully demanded, havinge three months \varninge for the painge of the aforesd sum. Ed. Harvey, &c. At a vestry, 23 of May, l655. After publique notice thereof given in this parish church of Ful- ham, the last Lord's day, being the 20^^ of May, concerning the affaires relating to the poore. It is ordered by this vestrey that the sums of money given to this parrish for the use of the j>oore thereof on Fulham side, and OF FULHAM. 155 received out of the late imposition of two shillings per chaldron laid upon coals, All which sums received as aforesaid amount together to the sum of three hundred and seaventy pounds, be wholly left in trust, for the use aforesaid, unto the management, care, and dispo- sition of Coll. Edmond Harvey, Mr. Isaack Knight, Rector of Ful- ham, Coll. George Langham, Samuel Harvey, Esq. sonne and heire of the s^ Edmond Harvey, Coll. George Paine, William Powell, alias Hinson, Esq. Mr. James Vickers, Mr. Thomas Knight, sonne of the said Isaak Knight, Captain Wm. Nyn, Mr. Wm. Earsby, Mr. Thos. Crooke, Captain Edward Owen, and Maximilian Bard, Esq. or any seven of them, who are further ordered, and desired hereby, so soone as conveniently they can, to lay out the aforesaid sum of money to buy lands, or rents of inheritance, and to settle the same, by advice of councell learned in the law, upon themselves and their successors, or any seaven of them, as feoffees in trust, for the use of the poore of the parish of Fulham on Fulham side, with clauses to enable them and their successors to dispose of the rents and profits thereof for the use and benefit of the said poore as they in their discretion shall think fit, &c. &c. 1656. Mr. Nathaniel Dauncer gave, by his will, to the poor 30so yearly for ever ; 20^. to forty poor inhabitants in bread, and 10s. in money to be distributed on the first of January by the churchwardens; and 10s. to the minister for preaching a sermon. To be paid out of two acres of land lying near High Elms, within the Manor of Ful- ham. 1657. Mr William Sedgwicke Clerke, an inhabitant of this parish, gave 15/. to the poor at the burial of his wife. 1661. The Right Honourable Lord Viscouut Mordaunt, and Lady Elizabeth Mordaunt, his wife, gave for the use of the poor the sum of seventeen pounds. j664. William Earsby, Gent, charged 5 acres of land in Fulham Fields to buy 30 yards of Hampshire Kersey, worth 4*. a yard, to be made into petticoats and waistcoats, and given to six poor widows of good character, and to be filled up, and to be renewed, as often as deaths happen, untill the world ^nd. 156 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT 1670. Robt. Hickes, Esq, gave 5Z. to buy coals yearly for the poor for ever. 1670. Henry Elwes, Esq. gave by will the sum of 200 I. to be laid out in the purchase of lands, or otherwise, for the use of poor housekeepers. l679' Tho. Winter, Esq. gave by will 10/. for the poor, payable by six trustees, out of the rent of a house in Fulham, in which he formerly lived. 1680. Sir William Powell, Bart by his will, dated 168O, founded and endowed an alms-house for twelve poor women ; and he also gave, annually, six coats and six pair of breeches, made of good english woollen cloth, to ?5ix poor men of this parish, to be delivered at the church porch. 1681. Mr. Robert Blanchard gave by will 40^. a year for ever, as follows: to the vicar, IO5. ; to the churchwarden, Ss.; to the clerk, 3i\; to the sexton, 25.; and the remaining 205. to be distributed in bread to the poor, upon condition that his grave in Fulham church should not be disturbed. 1683. Sir John Elwes, of this parish, Knt. did, at his own cost and charges, erect the rails and balustrades about the com- munion-table. 1684. The Right Honourable and Right Reverend Father in God, Henry, Lord Bishop of London, gave a piece of plate for the administering the bread at the sacrament. 1685. Mrs. Anne Winter gave a piece of plate for the collecting the money at the sacrament. 1695. George Clark, Esq. built five new pews in the west gallery, and bequeathed the sum of five pounds, annually, for the repair of his Mother's, and Dr. Barrow's monuments, and when not wanted for that purpose, to be employed in putting out poor children apprentice. Mr. Clark's estates being now vested in the Provost and Fellows of Worcester College, Oxford, this benefaction is paid by them. 1676. Mr. Nourse, brewer, of this parish, gave a new altar-piece, ornamented with Moses, Aaron, and the Commandments, surmounted with carving, which cost 60L OF FULHAM. 157 1695. Mr. Robert Liiiipany, of this parish, gave three volumes of Fox's Martyrs, to be placed in the church. 1706. The Rev. Dr. Turner left by will 100/. for the purchase of land, the profits to be employed in binding out a poor child apprentice annually, the Rector of Fulham being appointed Trustee. This benefaction now produces 3/. per annum; it is paid by the Registrar of the Corporation of the Sons of the Clergy. 1710. Edward Owen, Esq. having left the sum of 1000/. to chari- ritable uses, the Rev. Philip Dwight, Vicar of Fulham, who married his sister, the daughter of Captain Nathaniel Owen, procured a decree of the Court of Chancery in 1710, whereby 300/,, being a part of the above sum, was appropriated to the educating poor children of the parish of Fulham. 1723. Sir John Williams, Bart, gave by will the meadow, called Fan-Mead, towards the support and repairs of the alms- houses built by Sir William Powell, his wife's father. 1723. Bishop Robinson bequeathed a sum of money in the funds, now producing five pounds seven shillings and sixpence per annum, to be applied to the repairs of his monument, and when not wanted, to the use of the poor. 1724, William Withers, Esq. gave by will 5/. annually, being a rent charge out of his messuages, lands, and tenements, situated near Walham Green, now in the tenure of Mr. John Faulk- ner, sen. in trust to the governors of Bridewell and Beth- lem Hospitals, to pay it to the minister and churchwarden of Fulham for the time being, for the repairing of his monument in the church-yard, and when not wanted for that purpose to be given to the poor. 1734. Robert Limpany, Gent, gave by will, out of the rents and pro- fits of his house, called the King's Arms, in Fulham town, yearly, as follows ; to the organist, I L ; to the poor, in bread, 2./; for keeping his monument in repair, 1/.; to the charity children, at Christmas, 10s,; to the poor, at Christmas, in meat,.&c. 3/.; total, 7/. IC*. 158 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT 1772. Mr. Deliverance Smith left the sum of 51/. 135. 3d., whichi with a small addition, purchased 100/. South Sea Annui- ties, towards the support of the charity schools. 1780. The late John Powell, Esq. gave the sum of 100/. to this parish as a compensation for a trespass on the waste; this is equally divided between Fulham and Hammer- smith. 1782* George Gibson, Esq. grandson of the Bishop of London, in the year 1782, bequeathed the sum of 16OO/. Bank An- nuities, to the poor of Fulham. There was a suit in Chancery relating to this legacy, at the termination of which, the principal had accumulated to 1723/, 6s, 3rf., the interest of which was first distri- buted on New Year's day, 1794'> ii^ sums of one guinea each among forty-nine poor housekeepers. 1784. Mr. Thomas Kirkham, of this parish, bequeathed 300/., the interest of which was to be laid out, annually, in the pur- chase of cloathing for three poor men, who have been inhabitants of the said parish for ten years, and who do not receive alms. Mrs. Pattenden gave a small copyhold estate at Northall, producing 3Lper annum, to the use of the charity school. 1805. A.A.Powell, Esq. gave the sum of 105/. to the charity school. And Philip Deare, Esq. gave the sum of 10/. 10s. 1787. Mr. Henry Hooke, left 18/. per annum to the charity schools. 1800. The late Right Reverend Beilby Porteus, Bishop of London, bequeathed four hundred pounds, the interest of which, after Mrs. Porteus' death, to be given to the alms-houses. Benefactions to Hammersmith, Bishop Aylmer left 20/. to the poor of Hammersmith. 1624. Edward Latymer, Esq. bequeathed by his will, dated l624, thirty-five acres of land in Hammersmith, the profits of which were to be appropriated to clothing six poor men, clothing and educating six poor boys, and distributing in money. OF FULHAM. 159 The lands, in liie year l679» ^^'^re let at 68/. 15s. per annum ; in the year 1793, at 211/. \6sr, and now produce, in 1812, 386/. In consequence of the increased income, the number of boys has been augmented to 30, and the poor men to 10. l643, Thomas Collop, of London, gave 1 /. 6s. for ever, to be dis- tributed in bread to the poor, charged on two tenements, and one acre of land, called Vicars Well, at Edmonton, Middlesex. Mr. W. Edwards, of Chelsea, out of a house and land at Brook Green, gave to 10 poor widows, yearly, ten shil- lings each. 1656. Nathaniel Dancer, gave 1/. 10s. per ann,; viz. IO5. in money, and 20s. in bread, to be paid every 5th day of January, when a sermon is to be preached, for which the minister is to have 10^., to be paid out of the rent of a public house, now occupied by George Huitt. Mr. Edward Trussell, mercer, of London, gave 10/. to the poor of Hammersmith for leave to take in a foot-path at^ the back of his house, leading from High Bridge to Chis- wick Fields. Sir Nicholas Crispe gave 30/. to the poor, for taking and inclosing a way leading from the water-side into Fulham Field. Mr. Stephen Burton gave half an acre of land towards the maintenance of the minister of the chapel. Colonel Edmund Harvey, Lord of the Manor, agreed to pay 50^. yearly to the poor, for taking in the common, called Hellbrook. l657« James Smith, Esq. Alderman of London, gave two chalices and covers, and o silver plates for the communion ser- vice, of silver gilt, weighing 47 oz. 6 dwts. 1667* He also bequeathed 24/. for apprenticing out six poor boys and girls born in Hammersmith ; and 20/. for the use of the poor. SirThos. Bonfoy gave 10/. to the poor. 160 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Mr. Thomas Smith, son of the abovementioned, also gave iOs, for the use of the poor. Mrs. Jane Ollgar gave 50 Z. to the poor. 1665. Sir Nicholas Crispe-s donation of 1 00/. was laid out in purchasing two cottages, and half an acre of land for the poor. l685. Ralph Gregg gave 50/. to be laid out in making a vault in the chancel, subject to the payment of 2/. 10*. to the churchwarden for every burial in the said vault. l685. Francis Lucy, Esq. gave some land for the enlargement of the chapel yard. £. s. d. Mr. Goodwhis gift towards building a workhouse 100 0 0 Ditto to the charity school • 50 0 0 Ditto to Mr. Latymer's charity 20 0 0 John Allen, of Knightsbridge, left to be paid, annually, out of three houses 10/.; to 20 poor people, 10s. each, now paid out of the rent of a house in Queen Street, Ham- mersmith, occupied by Mr. Ellwell. 1698. Henry Elwes, Esq. of Grove House, bequeathed 100/. to the poor of Hammersmith side, which was expended in erect- ing six alms-houses. In the year 1803, the alms-houses were converted into additional rooms for the use of the present workhouse. i700. Lady Diana Allington, daughter of the Duke of Bedford, bequeathed 100/. for the use of the poor. 1706. Mr. Thomas Moore bequeathed 50/.; the interest to be annually expended in bread for the poor. 1712. Mr. Thomas Gouge gave 50/. to be laid out in a purchase. 1719. Dame Frances Nevill gave 100/., which now produces 8/. per ann. J719. The Right Hon. Lady Dowager Capell gave the 12th part of a farm, at Feversham in Kent, to be demanded yearly at Kew-Green Chapel on the 12th of May, exactly at 12 o'clock, or else to be forfeited. In 1719 this farm brought in 30/. per ann. It now produces, upon a re- newed lease, 450/. per ann. OF FULHAM. 161 1719. Mr. Isaac Le Gooch, a Dutch merchant, gave 10/. per ann. to the minister, being tlie moiety of t!ie rent of his house and garden, in the upper mall, now occupied by Mr. Dunnage. Peter Brusell, Esq., left by will 100/. stock in the 3 per cent. now produces 3l. per ann, George Lewis, Distiller, who had been educated in this Charity School, gave 100/. stock in the 4^ per cents ; the interest towards the support of the Charity Children of this hamlet; but if this charity should cease, the interest to be given in bread to the poor in the winter ; the said interest to be received by the Treasurer of the Latymer Charity for the time being. 1793. Mr. Henry Webb left by will the interest of 50/. stock in the 4>p€r cents, to the poor, to be given in bread, amounting to 2/. per ann. Sir Samuel Moreland gave a well, pump, and iron ladle for public use, adjoining to his dwelling-house by the water-side, formerly inhabited by Baron Nevil ; which benefaction was thus recorded upon a tablet fixed in the wall : Sir Samuel Moreland's Well; the use of which he freely gives to all persons ; hoping that none who shall come after him will adventure to incur God's displeasure, by denying A CUP of cold water, provided at another's cost, and not their own, to either neighbour, stranger, passenger, or poor thirsty beggar. July 8, 1695. This pump has been removed, and the stone tablet is preserved in the garden belonging to the house. l62 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Fulham Workhouse Was built in 1774. It is a very substantial brick building, and is held on a lease of ninety-nine years from that time, at a ground-rent of 10/. per ann. The ground is the property of Arthur Annesly Powell, Esq. There has been no labour done in the house for many years ; but at present, two gentlemen, Messrs, Jonas Hall, and Charles Plaw, have obtained the consent of the parish officers to erect some machinery for cotton- spinning in part of the house ; for the use of which^ and the labour of the poor, the parish is to receive 50/. per ami. while they continue to work ; but it seems doubtful whether it will succeed, as there are very few men in the house capable of labour. The poor have meat four days every week for dinner, and three days bread and cheese of good quality. For breakfast, they have milk- porridge five days, and the other tw^o, bread and cheese, and the children bread and butter. The management is confided to the master and mis- tress. Tlie Committee meets once a month to inves- tigate the accounts, and to ascertain if the food be of good quality. The number of people in the house in winter some- times amounts to near seventy, and in summer little morQjthan half that number. Hammersinith Workhouse Is situated in King Street, and was built in the year 1729, at the expense of 997/. 0^. 3d. The average OF FULHAM. 163 number of persons maintained here is upwards of one hundred. Such men and boys as are capable of work, are employed in spinning of worsted and picking of oackum. FULHAM CHARITY SCHOOL. There has been for many years in this parish a charity school, supported chiefly by voluntary contri- butions; and the contributions exceeding the annual expense, it was determined by the trustees to extend the benefit to a greater number of poor children. According they erected in the year 1 8 1 1 , at the expense of 600/., a new and spacious school, situated in the town, capable of containing two hundred boys^ who are educated here according to the system first prac- tised at Madras by the Rev. Dr. Bell. The school itself is a very neat building, and well adapted to the purpose. It is 36 feet in length and 26 in width, lighted from the top, the ends, and one of the sides ; by which means also it is possible to keep it well aired. When there are sufficient funds for so important an object, it is intended to erect a school of the same dimensions for girls. At present there are about seventy girls educated by voluntary contributions in two separate schools. Hammersmith Charity School Is a commodious building, situated in the church- yard, and was erected at the joint expense of the feof- fees of Mr. Latymer and the trustees of the subscription charity school in the year 1756. This school is supported entirely by the benefaction of Edward Latymer, Esq., beforementioned. The M 2 164 HISTORICAL ACCOUNt number of men is ten^ and the boys thirty. The clothes of the men are directed by the Will to be coats or cassocks of cloth of frieze to reach below their knees ; those of the boys doublets and breeches ; all of them to wear a cross of red cloth on their sleeves, called " Latymer s Cross/' Girls' Charity School. Twenty girls are cloathed and educated in this school. It is supported principally by voluntary con- tributions, and the collections of two charity sermons. A Sunday-school was instituted in the year 1787, and a house for that purpose built opposite the boys charity school, arid is supported by subscription. There are at present about a hundred and fifty chil- dren in this school. Fulham Almshouses Are situated in the Back Lane ; and were originally built and endowed by Sir W. Powell, Bart before- mentioned ; they w^ere re-built in the year 1793, and are supported by various benefactions. The only alms-houses now existing at Hammer- smith are situated at Brook Green, and were founded in the 17th century by Thomas Isles, Gent On the front of the building is this inscription cut in a stone : ^ ^ ^ t Quod Pauperibus datur In Christus Conferitur. 1622. We have not been able to ascertain the endowment of this charity. OF FULHAM. 165 CHAP. V MANOR OF FULHAM. The Manor of Fulham was granted to Bishop Erkenwald, and his successors, about the year 691, by Tyrhtilus, a Bishop, with the consent of Sigehard, King of the East Saxons, and Coenred, King of the Murcians/ and contains, within itself, three subordi- nate manors, or manor farms. The nature of this tenure can only be explained by referring to the feu- dal system instituted by the Goths and Vandals in the fifth century. The chiefs of those nations, which, at that period, overran the western empire, found it necessary to divide them into large territories, called Baronies, which, retaining a portion to themselves, they gave to their first officers, or immediate friends ; these again they subdivided into feuds, or Jiefs\ which, with the like reservation, were given by these officers to their subalterns, to be held of them, by the same tenure, as the whole was held of the chief, military service. * Huic (Erkenwald) latifundia in loco qui dicitur Fulanham Sc. terram 50manentium cum consensu Sigehardi Reikis East Saxonum, et Coenredi Regis merciorum Tyrhtilus Epjscopus dedisse dicitur in vttusto eccles, Paiiiin, rotulo inter. Th. Janiesii collect, MSS, Wharton de Episcop. London, p. 18, M 3 166 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT The lands occupied by the soldiers, or common peo- ple, were resumed at pleasure, and the original inha- bitants were considered as slaves, and attached to the soil In return for this service^ the chief was bound to stand by, and protect, his barons ; the barons, their feudatories ; and they again, in like manner, their sol- diers or servants, forming a military subordination, supported by mutual interest/ The title of knight, signifying warrior, the origin of which may be traced in the manners of the German nations,"* was assumed equally by the chief, his barons, and feudatories, and the lands held by them in demesne, or in hand, was called nianor land. That part of the chief's demesne which could not be occupied by him3elf, was, by him, granted to his servants, w^ho were called tenants in capite, or of the chief; their lands being freed from rnesne, or middle service, and held by the same tenure as the demesne lands of the barons. This system was introduced here by the Saxons, who, about, the sixth century, made themselves mas- ters of the country. Security, however, being the object for which military service was required, and that being, in great measure, attained by its insular situation, services in corn, cattle, and money^ were substituted ; and it was not till the reign of William L that the feudal system was fully established in England. This prince, alarmed at the frequent revolts of the ' Archaeologia^ vol. ii. p. 307. ^Tacitus de IV^oribus Germanoruin, OF FULHAM. l67 English, assembled the nobility and gentry at Salis- bury in the 17th year of his reign/ where it was deter- mined that the whole kingdom should be divided into baronies and fiefs, to be held by service purely mili- tary. The clergy were obliged to submit to this regu- lation ; the bishops were considered as temporal barons, and obliged, as well as the abbots and priors, to find a certain number of knights for the wars, in proportion to their extent of territory.* To the people this system soon after became much softened ; first, by the grant of charters to cities and towns in the reign of King John ; and secondly, by the allowance on the part of their lords to hold their lands for life by copyhold, or copy of admission given by the lord, he retaining the power of resumption, on death or alienation, generally computed by a fine. In the reign of Henry VII. an Act passed to allow the nobility and clergy to sell their estates, and thus transfer at pleasure the protection they were bound to afford their feudatories, or knights. No farther change took place till 1640, 15th Charles I., when Acts were passed to fix the forest laws, (a principal branch of the feudal system,) and to abolish forcible knighthood; and subsequently wardships, escheats, &c., have been done away, and the mode of copyhold tenure now may be observed to correspond very nearly to that which prevailed under the Saxons. > Chronicon Saxon. M.D. 1085, k Gibson, Oxon, M.DC.XCIL * Blackstone's Commentaries, b. iii. c. iv. p. 49 Edit. 1809. Hume's Hist, of England, vol. i. p. 251. vol. ii. p. 145. 149. M 4 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT The Manor of Fulham was anciently held by the Bishop of London of the Saxon kings, by the ser- vice of prayers for the soul of the donor ; but obliged to conform to the general ordinance adopted at Salis- bur}^, the bishop found himself compelled to enfeof his tenants to perform the military service required of him ; and from this cause we trace the sub-manors now existing in this parish. The clergy, from the first, complained of a service being required of them so incompatible with their pro- fession, and they protected their knights and vassals from a strict military service ; and we find in more early times, as at present, that land held under the church was esteemed of the most beneficial tenure. The copyholds of this manor are held by a fine certain on death or alienation, a tenure nearly equal to freehold; and it may be added, that it is one of the most ancient manors in England, and has been possessed uninterruptedly by the Bishops of London,^ except during the period of Cromwell's usurpation. By the customs of this manor, lands descend to the youngest male issue. In the year 1066, in pursuance of the General Ordinance made at that time, a survey of Fulham took place^ the particulars of which are thus specified in Domesday Book : ' This manor is near two centuries more ancient than that of fiartlebury Castle, which has also been in uninterrupted poshes- |ion of the Bishops of Worcester during nine centurieso OF FULHAM. }69 CO In FuLEHAM. tenet eps Lundonia. XL hidas. _ . - ibisunt Tra. e. XL. caruc. ad dnium ptin. xiii. hide. 7 mi. car. Int franc 7 xxvi. car. 7x. plus pdss fieri, ibi y. uilli qfq^. I. hida. 7 Xlii. uilli qui% de .1. virg. 7 xxxiiii. uill. qCqy dim uirg. 7 xxii. cot de dim hida o 7 VIII. cot de suis hortis. Int francigen 7 qfda burg Lundon. xxiii. hid de tra uillos. Sub eis mane int uillos 7 bord. xxx un. Ptu. XL. car. Pasta ad pecmi uillae. De dimid gurgite .x. fol. Silua niille pore. 7 xvil. den in totis ualentijs ualet xL. lib. q do recep finiilit. T. R. E l. lib. Hoc CO fuit & est de Episcopatu. In Fulham the Bishop of London holds forty hides. There is land for forty ploughs. Thirteen hides belong to the demesne, and there are four ploughs there. Among the freemen (Francs) and the villanes, are twenty-six ploughs ; and ten more might be made. There are five villanes of one hide each ; and thirteen vil- lanes of one virgate each ; and thirty-four villanes of half a virgate each ; and twenty-two cottagers of half a hide, and eight cottagers with their own gardens. Foreigners and certain burgesses of London, hold amongst them twenty-three hides of the hand of thje villanes. Thirty-one villanes and borders dwell under them. Meadow for forty ploughs. Pasture for cattle of the village. For half the stream, ten shillings. P;innage for one thousand hogs, and seventeen pence. Its whole value is forty pounds ; the like^ when received in Edward's time, fifty pounds. This Manor was, and is, part of the See.' ' Domesday, translated by Baldwin, 1812, 170 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT 9 z z In cad uilla. tenet Fulcliered de epo. Londoniae. v. hid. I'ra. e. ill. car. In dnio. I. car. 71. car uillof. 7 tcia posset fieri. Ibi. vi. uilli de dim hida. 7 llll. cot de viii. acris. 7 ill. cot. plu. 1. bou. Pasta ad pecun villas. Silua. ccc. pore. In. totis ualentijs uaL LX. fol. qdo. recep. similit. T. R. E.' c. fol. Hanc tra tenuer. ii. sochi. hoes epi London fuer. ii. potuer dare uel uende absqi^ litentia epi. T. R. E. In the same village Fulchered holds five hides of the Bishop of London. There is land to three ploughs. There is one plough in the demesne, and one plough of the villanes, and a third may be made. There are six villanes of half a hide, and four cottagers of eight acres, and three cottagers. Meadow for one ox. Pasture for the cattle of the village. Pannage for three hundred hogs. Its whole value is sixty shillings ; the like, when received in King Edward's time, one hundred shillings. Two sokemen held this Jand ; they were vassals of the Bishop of London ; they could not give or sell without leave of the bishop in King Edward's time. CO In ead uilla tene canonici S. Pauli de Rege v. hid. ^P uno Man. Tra. e. v. car. Ad. dniu ptin. ill. hide. 7 ibi sunt. ii. car. Villi, ii. car. 7 tcia pot fieri. Ibi viii. villi, qfqf. de. I. uirg. 7 vii. uilli qfqf de dim uirg. 7 VII. bord. qfq^, de. v. acs. 7 xvi. cot. 7 n. ferui. ptu. V. car. pasta" ad pecun uille. Silua. c. L. pore. Int totu uai. VIII. lib. q-do recep finiilit* T. R. E. 7 e de uictu eoC OF FULHAM. 171 In Fulham manerio Episcopi, tenent Canonici S. Pauli Lond. de Rege, quinque hidas uno manerio. Terra est quinque. Carucarum. Ad Dominium pertinent tres hidae. Ibi sunt duae carucae, et tertia potest fieri. Ibi octo villani, quiq; de una Virgata. Et septem villani quisq; de quinq; acris ; Et XVI. Cor- terelli, et duo servi. Pratum quinq; acrarura. Pastura ad pecora Villse. Silva cL porcorum. Inter totuni valet viii. quando recepit, sed ^tempore Regis Edwardi x. Hoc manerium tenent idem Canonici in dominio tempore Regis Edwardi, et est de Victu illorum.' Manor. In the same village the Canons of St. Paul hold of the King five hides for one manor. There is land to five ploughs. Three hides belong to the demesne, and there are two ploughs there. The villanes have two ploughs, and a third may be made. There are eight villanes of one virgate each ; and seven villanes of half a virgate each ; and seven bordars of five acres each ; and sixteen cottages ; and two bondmen. Meadow for five ploughs. Pasture for the cattle of the village ; pannage for one hundred and fifty hogs. It is worth, in the whole, eight pounds; the same, when received in King Edward's time, ten pounds. The same Canons of St. Paul held this manor in demesne in King Edward's time, and it is for their support, In the Record Office, at the Tower, is the following Mandate of Edward III. for taking an Inquisition of the lands and goods of Richard de Gravesend, Bishop of London, in the year 1339. Edwardus Dei gra Rex Angl Dns Hibn & Dux Aquit' dilco & fideli suo Willo Trussel Escaetori suo cit to Trentam saltm. Quia Stephs de Graveshend nup Epus London qui de nob tenuit in capite diem clausit ex- Dugdale's Hist, of St= PauPs, p. 51. Appendix, 172 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT tremu ut accepim^. Vob mandam^ qd omes tras & ten de quibq idem Epus fuit seisitus in dnico suo ut de feodo in baliia vra die quo obijt sine dilone capiatis in manu ni am & ea salvo custodire fac' donee aliud inde pcepirn^ Et p sacrm p bon & leg hoim de baliia vra p quos rei vitas melius sciri potit diligent inquiratis quan- tum tre idem Eps tenuit de nob in capite in baliia vra die quo obiit & quantum de alijs & p quod sviciu & quantum tre ille valeant p annu in uibq exitibq, &quis ppinquior heres ejus sit & cuj^etatis Et inquisicoem inde distincte & apte fcam nob sub sigillo vro & sigillis com p quos fca fidit sine dilone mittatis & hoc bre T' me ipo apud Havyng atte Boure xv die April anno r n duodecimo. Midd. Inquisico capta cora Escaetor Dni Reg apd Bram- ford die Mart' px post festu Invecois see crucis anno regni Reg Edwardi tcij a coquestu duodecimo virtute bris Dni Reg' huic Inquisioni cosuti p sacrm phi de Walcote Willi de Northbrok' phi de Berdene Maurici de Sanforde Henrici de Langham Godefridi Franke- leyn Thome de Waudene Henrici atte Grave Johis de Brustowe Johis Fromonde Johis le Vikery & Johis atte Were Qui dicut qd Stephs de Graveshende nup Epe Lond' nuUas terr sen ten' in Com' Midd tenuit de Dno Rege in Capite nec obiit seis' in dnico suo ut defeodo Set dicut qd pdcs Stephs diem suu clausit extrem' die Mercur' px ante festu pasche anno pdco Et Aenuit ad OF FULHAM. 173 tin vite unu messuag' in Fulham in Com' pdco qd valet p annu ultra repisam ijs unu Gardin' qd valet xviij d sexaginta tres acr' tre que valent p aunu xxj s pc ac^*' iiij d una acra prati & una roda que valent p anu ij s vj d Et una acr' pastur pc' xij d Septem acr' & ties rod' bosci unde sbboscus valet p annu v s faciend' Dno de Fulham qui p tempe fidit xj "s ad quatuor anni minos pequales porcones & secta cur' ibidm detribq; septiman in tres septiman & Ward & maritag cU acci- derit Dicut eciam qd pdes Stephs adquisivit pdca ten' ad tminu vite sue de Willo Vigerons psona eccle de Lopham & Willo Mogge psona eccle de Weyleye & qd post decessu ipius Stephi pdca ten' cu ptin' suis integre remanebut Hugoni de Nevile tenend' de ca- pitalibq; Dnis fFeodi illius p svicia que ad pdca ten' ptinent tota vita ipius Hugonis Et post decessu ipius Hugon' pdca ten' integre remanebut Thorn' de Graves- hend & heredibq; suis de corpe suo pcreat' tenend' de capitalibq; Dnis ut supto. Et si ide Thom' obierit sine- hede de corpe suo pcreat' pdca ten' remanebunt inte- gre Thome fil Henri' chamberlein' & heredibq; suis imppm put plenius patet p qmda finem in Cur' Dni Reg' levat' a die pasch in tres sept' anno regni Reg' suprada undecimo cora Johe de Stonore & soc' suis Et diciit qd Thom' de Graveshende est ejus ppinquior heres & plene etatis. In cuj^ rei testimon' pdict' Jur sigilla sua apposuerut Dat' die & anno & loco supdcis. 174 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT CHAPTER VI. FULHAM PALACE. • ^ Domus Volucrum Turn frontem erexit ante multa Saecla ✓ Danis Cognita villa Bell icosis Quam dum Suspicio lubens micantem Amplis nobilium aedibus viroruni. Volucrum Domus, Saxonice Fulanham vulgo Fulham. Asserius Menevensis scribit Danorum turmas hac ripa in hybernis fuisse. Fuit hac Villa multis ab hinc annis, adeo nunc est, hospitio Londinensis Episcopi Notissima. Cygnea Cantio I, Leland, Oxon. 1712. The palace of the Bishop of London is situated on the banks of the Thames, adjoining to the church. It consists of about thirty-seven acres, including the gar- dens and the large field called the warren; and the whole is surrounded by a moat, over which are two bridges. This palace has been, from a very early period, the summer residence of the Bishops of London. Bishop Sheldon expended large sums of money upon it. Bishop Robinson, in the year 1715, presented a petition to the Archbishop of Canterbury, stating that the manor house, or palace of Fulham, was grown very old and ruinous, that it was too large for the revenues of the bishopric, and that part of the building was become useless. In consequence of this petition certain commissioners, (among whom were Sir John OF FULMAM. 175 Vanbrugh and Sir Christopher Wren), were appointed to examine the premises. The purport of this report was, that after taking down the bake-house and pastry-house, which adjoined to the kitchen, and all the buildings to the northward of the great dining-room, there would be left between fifty and sixty rooms, besides the chapel, hall, and kitchen. These being judged sufficient for the use of the bishop and his successors, a license, bearing date July 21, 1715, was granted to pull down the other buildings. The palace, including all the offices, consists of nearly the same number of rooms as were left by Bishop Robinson. Bishop Osbaldeston, who died anno 1764, left the sum of 1,000/. towards the repairs of this palace. The principal entrance into the great quadrangle is on the west side, through an arched gate-way. The building is of brick, and consists of two courts. It was built by Bishop Fitzjames in the reign of Henry VII., as appears by the bishop's arms on a stone over a door leading from the offices in the south wing. The hall is immediately facing the entrance. The north wing contains the chaplain's apartments ; the south and west sides are occupied by the servants' apartments, and various offices. 176 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT THE HALL, A noble room, is fifty feet six inches by twenty- seven feet ; it was fitted up by Bishop Fletcher in 1595, and was again repaired and beautified by Bishop Sherlock, whose arms, carved in wood, are over the chimney-piece. Bishop Porteus added to the embellishments of this room, and placed in a window the portrait of Dr. Drummond, Archbishop of York. There are three windows on the west side, and one on the east, containing the annexed coats of arms. A door leading from the hall to the great dining- room seems to be of the fifteenth century. On one of the spandrils are the arms of the See of London, and on the other the paternal coat of the bishop by whoni it was erected ; but having been originally very rudely carved, and rendered more obscure by frequent white- washings, it would perhaps be impossible now to ascertain to whom it belonged.' * Lysons, vol. ii. p. 347. OF FULHAM, 177 E ( 1 1 1 f-^ l—J 1 1 1 — » L— 1 00 1 — 1 1 — 1 ' — ' CO U— 1 » 1 1 — I U—J 1 — 1 r— J , — , 1 i f-^ L__j 1 \ 1 — 1 1 — « r-? - 2j £j £^ o o.ti ^ o 0) COffciffi-0(/3P-iUn3 --r4 o* CO »o 09 ( — 1 £i « — » V g ^ r— t fH r— • ^ CO »o " r-n o S B l5 ec *J ^ o cc c o W 0- H c« fcn ns o 1 — 1 . I — » O 1 — » r-^ Tf CO '-^ 1 » 1 i ri 1 — 1 CO r— 1 i — i '^"^ CO ^ l> » — 1 coortgcoo pi4 178 HIS'IOIIICAIL ACCOUNT In the passage leading from the hall to the chapel is an ancient window, of which we have given a cor- rect representation. It is ornamented with the follow- ing arms and painted glass: The Arms of Bishop Fitzjames. Portrait of Bishop Compton Arms of Bishop Compton. Arms of Bishop Mountaigne. A Medallion of the Virgin,. Arms of Bishop Savage. Arms of Bishop Kemp. Four Medallions, descriptive of the Seasons, OF FULHAM. 179 THE CHAPEL Is situated on the north side of the inner court, fronting the gardens. It was removed to its present situation by Bishop Terrick, who expended, in the enlargement and embellishment of it, part of the sum of money given by his predecessor Bishop Osbaldeston. It is very neatly fitted up with wainscot, which was brought from the Chapel of London House, Alders- gate-street. The greater part of the painted glass in the windows, which is very fine, was also removed from the same place. In the following pages the several coats of arms are particularly described. N S OF FULHAM. 181 First Window. 1. Bishop Tunstall, impaled with the see of London. 2. Bishop Fitzjaraes. 3. Bishop Kemp, 4. Bishop Grindall, impaled with London. 5. Bishop Randolph, impaled with Bangor. 6. Bishop Compton, impaled with London. 7. Bishop Savage. 8. Bishop Fletcher, impaled with Worcester. 9. See of London. 10. Bishop Randolph, impaled with London. 11. Quartering of Fitzjames. 12. Bishop Fitzjames. 13. Bishop Abbot, impaled with London. 14. Bishop Randolph, impaled with Oxford. Second Window* 1. Bishop Laud, impaled with London. 2. Bishop Fletcher, impaled with London. 3. Bishop Tunstall. 4. Bishop Gibson, impaled with London. 5. Bishop Laud, impaled with Bath and Wells. 6. Bishop Porteus, impaled with London. 7. See of London. 8. Bishop Laud, impaled with Deanery of Gloucester. 9. Bishop Fletcher, impaled with Bristol. 10. Bishop Bonner. 11. Bishop Gibson, impaled with London. Third Window. 1. Arms of King Henry VIIL, impaling those of Catharine Howard. 2. Catharine Howard. 3. See of Canterbury. 4. London, Durham, Bath, and Wells. 5. See of Hereford. HISTORICAL ACCOUNT 6. Litchfield, Worcester, Chichester, and Gloucester. 7. See of Bristol. 8. Exeter, St. Asaph, Bangor. 9. Bishop Terrick, impaled with London. 10. The. Lord's Supper. 11. See of York 12. Edward VL when Prince of Wales,. 13. Winchester, Ely, and Salisbury. 14. See of Rochester. 15. Chester, Oxford, Norwich, and Lincoln. 16. See of Carlisle. 17. Peterborough, St. David's, and LlandafF. Fourth Windozi), 1. Bishop Laud, impaled with London, St. David's, and St. John ? College, Oxford. 2. Bishop Robinon, impaled with London. 3. Bishop Compton, impaled with London, 4. Bishop Hayter, impaled with London, 5. Bishop Savage. 6. St. John baptizing Christ. 7. See of London. 8. Bishop Fitzjames, impaled with London. 9. Bishop Robinson, impaled with Bristol. 10. Bishop Compton, impaled with Oxford. 11. Bishop Hayter, impaled with Norwich. Fifth Window. 1. Royal Arms. 2. A Rose, cognizance of King Henry VHL 3. See of London. 4. Bishop Aylmer, impaled with London. 5. Bishop Osbcildeston, impaled with London, 6* Bishop Tunstall, impaled with London. 7. Bishop Fletcher, impaled with London. 8. Bishop Sherlock, impaled with London OF FULHAI^r. 183 9. Bishop Mountaigne. 10. Bishop Lowth, impaled with London. 11. A Rose, cognizance of King Henry VIII. 12. Bishop Kemp. 13. Bishop Juxon, impaled with London. 14. Bishop Osbaldeston, impaled with Carlisle, First Window* 1. Bishop Tunstajl. Sable 3 combs arg. The n\o\io, Deus adjutor noster. Q. Bishop Fitzjames. Or. 3 bendlets az. within a border engrailed, gules impaling az. a dolphin naiant embovved or. 3. Bishop ^i^emp. Gules, 3 garbs, or, within a border engrailed of the secon^. 4<. Bishop Grindall. Quarterly or & az. a cross quarterly ermine and of the first, between 4 doves, tlie 1 & 4 az. 2 & 3 arg. 5. Bishop Randolph. Gules, 5 mullets pierced on a cross arg. 6. Bishop Compton. Sable a lion passant gardant or, between 3 lielmets arg. 7. Bishop Savage. Arg. a pale fusilly sab. 8. Bishop Fletcher. Sab. a cross patonce arg. voided plain be- tween 4 escallop-shells of the second. II. Arms of Basket quartered by Fitzjatnes. Arg. a cross engrailecj sable, in the first quarter an eagle displayed gules. J 3. Bishop Abbot. Gules a chevron between 3 pears or. Second Windozo. 1. Bishop Laud. Sab. on a chevron between 3 etoils or, 3 crosses pattee fitchee gules. 4. Bishop Gibson. Az. i storks rising arg. 6. Bishop Porteus. Az. a book or, between 2 mullets in chief & a saltier in base arg. 8. Bishop Laud, impaled with the arms of the deanery of Glou- cester. Az. on a fess, or, 3 crosses patted fitchee of the first ; on a quarter of the second, the sun appearing in chief, envi- ronect with a demy circle wavy gules, on each si^ie of th^ N 4 184 HISTORICAL ACCOUl^T quarter a demi fleur-de-lis of the first conjoined on the side. 10. Bishop Bonner. Quarterly gules & sable, a cross moline quarterly erm. & or, on a chief of the third, a rose of the first between two pelicans respecting each other, and vul- ning themselves. Third Windozo. 1. Arms of King Henry VIIF. impaling those of Katharine Howard. Quarterly 1 az. 3 fleurs-de-lis in pale or, between 2 flannches erm. each charged with a rose gules, an augmen* tation granted to Katharine Howard on her marriage. 5. Queen Katharine Howard. Az. 2 lions pass. gard. or, the verge of the escutcheon charged with 4 half fleurs-de-lis of the second, another augmentation granted to this queen. 9. Bishop Terrick. Gules 3 lapwings or. Fourth Window. 1. Bishop Laud, impaled with St. John s Coll. Oxford. Gules on a border sab. 8 etoils or, on a canton ermine, a lion ramp, sab. an annulet for difference. 2. Bishop Robinson.' Or, on a chevron vert between 3 bucks trippant proper, as many cinquefoils of the field. 4. Bishop Hayter. Azure 3 bull's heads couped or. Fifth Window. 4, Bishop Aylmer. Arg, a cross between 4 martlets sab. intended for aylets. ' The arms of Bishop Robinson have a runic motto, adopted, probably, by that prelate, in consequence of his long residence in Sweden. It is taken from a little poem in the Runic language, printed by Junius at the end of his Dictionary of Gothic and Anglo- Saxon gospels ; it is significant of the mortality of man, the literal translation being, that he is an accumulation of dust. • Lysons, Supp. OF FULHAM. 185 5. Bishop Osbaldeston. Arg. a Mascle sab. between 3 ogresses. 8. Bishop Sherlock. Per pale arg. & az. 3 fleurs-de-lis counter- changed. p. Bishop Mountaigne. Barry lozengy or, & az. on a chief gules, 3 cross crosslets of the first. 10* Bishop Lowth. Sable a wolf rampant or. 13. Bishop Juxon. Or, a cross gules between 4 negroes* heads couped proper. THE LIBRARY. It is uncertain by which of the bishops that part of the palace was built in which the Library is situated ; but it is probable that Bishop Sheldon erected it. It forms the east side of the palace, and faces the gardens. It is fifty feet in length, and twenty in width. It contains the books bequeathed to the See by Bishop Porteus, and a collection of portraits of the Bishops of London, to which the present bishop has added several. The pictures are arranged in the Library in the order in which they are here described. 186 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT JJbrary, about 50 feet hy ^0. (4) (5) (6) (7) (9) (10) (11) (12) (0^) (61) (ei) (^i) N.B. The numbers refer to the places of the paintings. 1. Bishop Grindall; a Copy from Vandyke, by old Stone. 2. • • Ridley ; an Original. 3. •• Abbott; supposed to be by Cornelius Jansen, 4. Laud; a Copy from Vandyke, by old Stone. 5. • • Bancroft ; supposed to be by Cornelius Jansen. 6. King; an original. 7. • • Henchman ; a Copy by Stewart. 8. •• Porteus ; by Hopner. 9. •• Compton; a Copy from Kneller. 10. Gibson; by Vanderbank. 11. • • Sherlock ; a Copy by Stewart. 12. • • Osbaldeston ; by Hudson. 13. Hayter; a Copy by Stewart, from Dance. 14. • • Terrick ; ditto. 15. •• Lowth; by Pine. 16. • • Randolph ; by Owen. 17. • • Robinson ; an original. 18. • • Tunstall ; a Copy from Holbein, by Taylor, 19. Sheldon; an original. 20. • • Juxon ; an original. OF FULHAM. 187 In the gallery leading to the chapel, are paintings of Bishop King and Archbishop Abbott. The suite of apartments fronting the river was re- built by Bishop Terrick. The great dining-room, which is elegantly fitted up, was built by Bishop Sherlock, and repaired by Bishop Porteus, who placed in it, over the chimney, a por- trait of Bishop Sherlock, Here is also a capital bust of the late Right Hon. William Pitt. GARDENS. The gardens of Fulham Palace first became re- markable in the time of Bishop Grindall, who was one of the earliest encouragers of botany, and the first person who imported the Tamarisk tree into this coun- try.* ' It hath not more affinity in sound with tamarind, than sym- pathy in extraction, both originally Arabick ; general similitude in leaves and operation ; only Tamarind in England is an annual, dying at the approach of winter, whilst Tamarisk lasteth many years. It was first brought over by Bishop Grindall out of Switzerland, where he was exiled under Queen Mary, and planted in his garden at Fulham, in this county, where the soil being moist and fenny, well complied with the nature of this plant, which since is re- moved, and thriveth well in many other places. Yet it groeth not up to be timber, as in Arabia, though often to that substance that caps of great size are made thereof. Dios- corides says, it is good for the tooth-ache. ^ Fuller's Worthies, Midd. p» 176. 188 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT In the year 1687, Mr. Ray, the celebrated botanist, visited these gardens, which had lately been enriched by Bishop Compton with the addition of many North American and other plants and shrubs ; the following catalogue of which he has given in the second volume of his history of plants : 1. Angelica Arborescens spinosa, seu arbor Indica Fraxini folio, cortice spinosa. 2. Arbor Tulipifera Virginiana tripartito Aceris folio, med'vk laciniA velut abscissa. 3. Arbor Tulipifera Virginiana Aceres majoris folio, conis erectis. 4. Laurus Tulipifera foliis sublus ex cinereo aut Argentco purpuran- tibus. 5. Cedrus a Goa falsd dicta, rectiiis Sabina Goensis. 6. Nux Juglans Virginiana Nigra. 7. Arbor exotica foliis Fraxini instar pinnatis, et serratis, Negundo perperam credita. 8. Styrax Arbor, Virginiana Aceris folio, potius Platanus Virginiana Styracem fundens. 9. Conglus maxima folio latisslmo Virgini«i. 10. Oxyacantha, Spina Sancta dicta, Mespilus Virginiana fructu coccineo. 1 1. Arbor trifolia venenata Virginiana folio hirsuto. 12. Rhus Virginianum Lentisci foliis. 13. Amomum Virginianum Corni faeminae facie. 14. Senecino Arborescens Virginiana Atriplicis folio. 15. Solanum Pomiferum frutescens Africanum Spin\)sum nigricans Boraginis flore, foliis minus profundi laciniatis, spinis multo longioribus majoribus et crebrioribus horridura.* The late Sir William Watson made a survey of the Fulham gardens, in the year 1751, for the purpose of ascertaining what trees of Bishop Compton's planting " Rail Hist. Plant, torn. ii. p. 1179. OF FULHAM. 189 were then to be found. His report, in the Philoso- phical Transactions," is as follows ; " To the Royal Society. " Gentlemen, " I some time since communicated to you an account of what remained of the famous garden of John Tradescant at South Lambeth, which you did me the honour to receive favourably ; upon the strength of which I now lay before you the remains of that still more famous Botanick Garden at Fulham, wherein Dr. Henry Compton, heretofore Bishop of London, planted a greater variety of curious exotic plants and trees, than had at that time been collected in any garden in England. " This excellent prelate presided over the See of London, from the year 1675 to 1713; during which time, by means of a large correspondence with the principal botanists of Europe and America, he intro- duced into England a greater number of plants, but more especially trees, which had never been seen here before, and described by no author ; and in the cultivation of these, as we are informed by the late most ingenious Mr. Ray, he agreeably spent such part of his time as could most conveniently be spared from his other more arduous occupations. From this prelate's goodness in permitting, with freedom, persons curious in botany to visit his garden, and see therein what was to be found no where else ; and from his zeal in propagating botanical knowledge, by readily communicating to others, as well foreigners 190 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT as our own countrymen, such plants and seeds as be was in possession of, his name is mentioned with the greatest encomiums by the botanical writers of his time ; to wit, by Herman, Ray, Pluknet, and others. Mr. Ray, in the second volume of his " History of Plants," which was published in the year 1688^ gives us a catalogue of the rare and exotic trees and shrubs, which he had just before observed in the bishop's garden, which he at that time called, hortus cultissi- mus noms-que et elegaiitioribus magno studio nec minor e impensa undique conquisitis stirpibus refertis- siinus. As this prelate's length of life, and continuance in the See of London, were remarkable, so we find the botanists, who wrote after Mr. Ray, most frequently mentioning in their w^orks the new accessions of trea- sure to this garden ; and of this you meet with a great variety of examples in the Treatises of Dr. Pluknet, Herman, and Commelin. ^' B^nical, much more even than other worldly affairs, are subject to great fluctuations; and this arises, not only from the natural decay of vegetables, and their being injured by the variety of seasons, but also from the genius and disposition of the possessors of them. So here, upon the death of Bishop Compton, all the green-house plants, and more tender exotic trees, were, as I am informed by Sir Hans Sloane, given to the ancestor of the present Earl Tylney, at Wanstead. And as the successors of this bishop in the See of London were more dii)tinguished for their piety and OF FULHAM. learning, than for their zeal in the promotion of natu- ral knowledge, the curiosities of this garden were not attended to, but left to the management of ignorant persons ; so that many of the hardy exotic trees, how- ever valuable, were removed, to make way for the more ordinary productions of the kitchen garden I thought therefore that the state of this garden, after the Revo- lution, of much more than half a century since, what Mr. Ray wrote thereof would be an acceptable pre- sent, not only to the Royal Society, but to such per- sons, likewise, as are curious in these matters."' A Catalogue of the Exotic Trees remaining in the Bishop of London's Garden at Fulham, June 25, 1751. Abiis foliis solitariis, apice acuminatis. Abies taxi folio, fructu sursum spectante ; the silver fr. Acer Platanoides ; the Norway Maple, Acer Virgiiiianum, folio majore subtus argenteo, supra viridi Splendente ; the Virginian Flowering Maple. Acer Maximum, foliis trifidis vel quiuque fidis, Virginianum; the Ash Maple. Arbutus folio Serrato ; the Strawberry Tree. Benzoiu; the Benjamin Tree. Cedrus Libaui; Cedar of Lihanus, Cellis foliis ovato-lanceolatis serratis. Lotus Arbor. Cupressus ramos extra se spargeris,quse mas Fiinii; the Male Cypress. Cupressus meta in fastigium corivoluia, quai foemiua Pliuii ; the Female Cypress. Fraxinus florifera botryoides. Fraxinus folio rotundiore ; the Manna Ash. Gieditsia. Gron. Flor. Virgin. 193. Acasia Americana triacanthos, &c. ; the Honey Locust. « Philosophical Transactions, vol, xlvii. p. 240. 193 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Guaiacaua, Pishamin Virginianum ; the Virginian Date PlumK Ilex Oblongo serrato folio ; the Evergreen Oak. Juniperus Virginiana ; the Virginian Cedar. Laburnum majus, vel cytisus Alpinus latifolius flore racemoso pen- dulo. Larix folio deciduo conifera ; the Larch Tree. Lilac laciniato folio ; Cut-leaved Jasmine. Mespilus prunifolia Virginiana non spinosa fructu nigricante. Morifolia Virginiensis arbor, ioti Arboris instar ramosa foliis am- plissimis, Corylus Maxima, folio latissimo Virginiana, Nux Juglans Virginiana Nigra ; the Black Walnut Tree. Pavia. Boer, ; the Red Horse Chesnut. Pinus Sativa ; the Manured or Stone Pine. Pinus Americana, foliis Praelongis subinde ternis, conis plurimis con<- fertim nascentibus ; the Cluster Pine. Quercus Alba Virginiana ; the White, or Virginian Iron Oak. Rhus foliis pinnatis serratis ; Virginian Sumach. Robinia aculeis geminatis. Pseudo-Acasia siliquis glabris. Ruscus Angusti folius fructu summis ramulis inascente. Laurus Alexandrina, fructu summitate caulium prodeunte. Siliquastrum Cercis foliis cordato orbiculatis glabris. Arbor Judae Vulgo. Suber latifolium perpetua virens ; the Cork Tree. Terebinthus Indica Theoplirasti, Pistachia foliis impan-ipinnatis, foliolis ovato-lanceolatis ; the Pw- tachia Tree. These, just now recited, are the remains of that once famous garden ; among which are some that, notwith- standing the present great improvements in gardening, are scarce to be found elsewhere. From the length of time they have stood, several of the trees are, by much, the largest of the kind I ever have seen, and are, probably, the largest in Europe. This account of them, therefore, is not merely a matter of curiosity ; OF FULHAM. but we learn from it, that many of these trees, though produced in climates and latitudes very different from our own, have grown to a very great magnitude with us, and have endured our rude winters, some of them for almost a century ; and that they, in proper soils and situations, may be propagated for advanta2;e as w^ell as for beauty. I cannot conclude this paper without testifying, in this public manner, my obligations to the present Bishop of London," who has, with so eminent a degree of reputation, filled those high stations to which he has been called ; not only for his repeated civilities to myself, but likewise for his assurances to me, that no care shall be wanting for the preservation of the very x:urious particulars mentioned in this catalogue." In the year 1793, upon a careful survey of these gardens, made by Mr. Lysons^ the following trees were found to be remaining of those mentioned by Sir William Watson, and they will, no doubt, be regarded with some degree of veneration by the botanist, as the parent stocks of their respective races in this kingdom. The girths, which were accurately taken at three feet from the ground, are here given, with their computed height. Acer Negundo, or Ash-leaved Maple, f^'^^ Computedheight. planted anno 1688 6 4 45 Ciipressus Sempervivens, upright Cypress 2 3 • ••30 Juniperus Virginianay Virginian Red Cedar 2 5 20 Juglans Nigra, Black Walnut-tree 11 2 70 Pinus Pinaster, Cluster Pine 10 0 80 Qtiercus Alba, White Oak • 7 1 1 • -70 ' Dr. Thomas Sherlock, 194 HISTORICAL ACCOtJNT Quercus Suber, Cork-tree •••• 10 10 Jeer Rubrum, Scarlet^ flowered Maple • • 4 3 Quercus Ilex, Evergreen Oak 8 0 Gleditsia Triacanthos, Three-thorned Acacia, ft. inch. 40 50 (on the lawn) • • • 8 3 Another, near the porterVlodge. 8 11 There were also the Cytisus Laburnum^ and the Piniis CedruSy or Cedar of Libaniis, mentioned by Sir William Watson ; but it is to be doubted whether either of them was of Bishop Compton's planting, though the Laburnum, a very ancient tree, was three feet in girth. The Cedar of Libanus was first planted in 1683 ; the larger of two remaining measures only 7 feet 9 inches in girth. Near the porter's-lodge is a row of limes of great age ; one of which measures 1 3 feet 3 inches in girth. It is most probable that they were planted by Bishop Compton about the year of the Revolution, when the fashion of planting avenues of limes was introduced into this country from Holland. Upon visiting the gardens at Fulham again in 1809, Mr, Lysons could not find the Ciipressus Sempervi- "^enSy the Junipeinis Virginiana^ or the Acer Riibi^um. The following trees still remain : The Acer Negundo, the girt of which, at three feet from the ground, is now seven feet one inch and a half. Tlie Juglans Nigra, eleven feet five inches and a half. The Pinm Pmasfer, ten feet one inch. The Quercus Ilex, nine feet one inch. The Quercus Alba, eight feet one inch and a half. The Quercus Suber, (of which a satisfactory measure was not taken in 1 79^,) is now eight feet four inches in girth. OF FULHAM, 195 The largest Cedar now measures fourteen feet one inch in girth. The Cytism Laburnum is an old decayed tree in the close, near the moat, about three feet in girth. There are two of the Robinia Pseiidacacia, one near the porter's-lodge, and one on the lawn, near the moat; they are both in a state of great decay, and their trunks in such a state as not to admit of admea- surement/ The kitchen garden is separated from the lawn by an ancient brick w^all, probably coeval with the palace, as tliere are the arms of Bishop Fitzjames on a stone over the gateway, similar to those we have before described. On the banks of the moat, facing the Thames, are two remarkably large Laurustinas ; and this part of the moat abounds with Water-lilies, which, in the summer, add much to the beauty of the place. There belong also to the demesnes about seven- teen acres of meadow by the water-side ; the w^estern part of which, separated by a creek from Craven Cot- tage, was much improved by the late bishop, who made secure embankments towards the river, and or- namented it w4th a shrubbery and plantation. There has been just completed, in a style corres- ponding with the palace, a porter's-lodge, over the door of which are the present bishop's arms, impaled with those of the see, carved in stone, at the entrance of the great avenue from the Fulham road ; and also a handsome pair of iron gates, with rails erected on a dwarf semicircular wall. * Lysons, Supp. p. 146. o 2 196 historicajl account CHAP. VIL BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES OF THE BISHOPS OP LONDON. On the first introduction of Christianity into Britainy London was the principal of the three archbishoprics into wliich the country was divided, and by Pope Gregory was intended to have been so ; but that St. Austin, who was sent here to convert the Saxons, fixed his seat at Canterbury, at that time the residence of the Kings of Kent. London, as being a city of the greatest eminence in the island, was destined for a bishop's see ; and Melitus, a Roman abbot, who had accompanied St Austin to Britain, was made the first bishop. This diocese consists of the counties of Mid- dlesex and Essex, with part of Hertfordshire; it con- tains 622 parishes, and is valued in the King s books at 1 1 19/. 8^. 4}d. The Bishop of London has precedency next the two archbishops, together with the dignity and place of dean to the metropolitan see of Canter- bury. JErkemvald, the fourth Bishop of London, to whom the manor of Fulham was first granted, was the son of OfFa, King of the East Saxons. He expended large mms of money in erecting and embellishing St. Paul's OF FULHAM. 197 and other churches, and, probably, built the manor- house at Fulham ; he also obtained many privileges for the clergy from the sovereign princes of the country.' Robert de Sigillo^ a monk of Reading, or, as some say, Archdeacon of London, was promoted to this see, in 1141, by Queen Matilda; and a short time after^ was made prisoner at his house at Fulham, by Geoffry de Mandeville, one of Stephen's generals, and did not regain his liberty without a heavy fine.^ Richard de Gravesend, Archdeacon of Northamp- ton, was consecrated Bishop of London at Coventry, 12th August, 1280. He died at Fulham, 9th Decem- ber, 1303,^ Ralph Baldock, Bishop of London, 1304, and Lord Chancellor 1306 ; resided much at Fulham, from which place many of his public acts are dated. He was a learned man^ and wrote the "Annals of England,'' and 55ome other works, which are enumerated by Bale."* JValter de Gray, Archbishop of York, being taken ill while attending his duty in parliament, in 1255, removed, on the invitation of the Bishop of London, to his house at Fulham, and died there after three days' illness.^ > See p. l65. Godwin de Praesul, p. 1 72. Holinshed, vol ii- p. 377. ^ Godwin de Prsesul, p. 183. Mbid, p. 183, ^ Archiepiscopus utiqiie Eboracensis, Walterus scilicet de Grai, qui in dicto parliamento variis, ut alii, sollicitudinibus arctabalurg O 3 198 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT As the arms of Kemp occur in the windows of vari- ous parts of the palace, it is probable that Bishop Thomas Kemp either re-built or repaired part of it. He was consecrated Bishop of London 8th February, 1449, and died 28th March, 1489, having enjoyed the see forty years. The arms of Bishop Savage also are found in the hall and* chapel, who was translated from Rochester in 1496, and promoted to the archbishopric of York in 1501. Richai^d Fitzjames, a native of Somersetshire, re- ceived his education at the university of Oxford. About the year 1459 he was elected Probationer Fel- low of Merton College, and served the office of Proc- tor in the university in 1473. The following year he was preferred to a prebendal stall in the church of * Wells, and soon after made Chaplain to the King, Edward IV. In 1482 he was elected Warden of his cerebrum pro quo.tidianis jejuniis habens infirniatuni, causa respi- randi post tsedia et labores infructuosos divertit ad Fulham episcopi Londinensis maneriiim. Hoc volente et petente eodem episcopo. Archiepiscopus autem senio,tum tedio,tuni labore, turn dolorepraeven- tus,amisso appetuit comedendi supra niodum debitatus, tertia die post adventum suuni ad Fulham, omnibus felicifer quae ad Christianum pertinent perceptis obiit Sacramentis, postquara circiter quadraginta annis ecclesiam suam Eboracensem strenue rexissit, & cum totum regnum irrepraebensibiliter gubernasset hoc : defuerent ipsis qua- draginta annis nisi tres menses & totidem septimane. Kalendis Maii viam universae carnis est ingressus. Mat hew Paris, anno 1255, London, 1571, OF FULHAM. 199 coliegej, which situation he filled for near twenty-five years with great ability and commendation, using all his endeavours, when in power, to promote the good pf the Society, and expending considerable sums in erecting and adorning the buildings of the college. His learning and abilities recommended him to the favour of Henry VH. who, in 1495, appointed him his Almoner ; and in the following year promoted him to the see of Rochester. In 1503, he was translated to Chichester; and in 1505 was nominated by the King to succeed Dr. Barnes in the see of London. He con- tributed largely to the adorning of St. PauFs cathedral, and rebuilt the great quadrangle of the Manor-house at Fulham. He died in the year 1521/ Cuthbert Tunstall was a native of Tunstall, near Richmond, in Yorkshire, and received his education at King's Hall, in Cambridge. His eminent worth and learning recommended him to Archbishop Warham, who made him his A^icar General. Ii^ 1522, he was consecrated Bishop of London ; in 1523 he was made Keeper of the Priyy Seal ; and in 1530 translated to Durham. In 1551 he was sent to the Towner for his adherence to the Roman Catholic religion, but released on the accession of Queen Mary. In 1559 he was again suspended for not taking the oaths to Queen Elizabeth, and committed to the custody of the Arch- bishop of Canterbury; as Fuller says* he shewed ' Athen. Oxon. vol.i. p. 365» Fuller's VvOrtliH S, Somersetshire, p. 23. ^ Worthies, Yorkshire, p. 197- o 4 goo HISTORICAL ACCOUNT mercy when in power, and found it in his adversity^, having nothing but the name of a prisoner," in which condition he died on the 18th of November, 1559> aged 85, and was buried at Lambeth. Bishop Tunstall, who was one of the politest scho- lars, appears also to have been one of the most perfect characters of the age ; as the zealous reformer could find no fault in him but his religion.' Erasmus tells uSy that he was comparable to any of the ancients f and Sir Thomas More, in an epistle to Erasmus, speaks of him in terms of the highest praise. • John Stokesley was born in Yorkshire, and educated at Magdalen College, Oxford^ where he became Fel- low. In i502, he was admitted Principal of St. Mary Magdal(?n's Hall; and afterwards was made Chaplain ^o Fox, Bishop of Winchester, under whose patronage he obtained several other preferments« On the trans- lation of Bishop Tunstall to Durham, he w^as pro- moted to the see of London, and about the same time ipade the King's Almoner. He was employed in seve- lal ernbassies to the emperor, the Pope, and some foreign universities, concerning Henry's marriage with Queen Catherine; and afterwards took a considerable ahare in the proceedings relative to their divorce.^ IJe died in 1539,^ \ Granger, vol.i. p. 94. ^ Erasmi Epist. lib.xvi. ep..3. ' ** Tunstallo ut nemo est omnibus bonis literis instructior, nemo \^ vita moribusque severior, it a nemo est unquam in convictu jucundior.'' , Athen. Oxon. vol. ii. p. 676. ^ Goodwin de Prapsu], p» J 93 > OF FULHAM. 201 Edmund Bonner was bora at Hanley, in Worcester- shire, and is supposed to have been the natural son of George Savage, a priest, and parson of Davenham, who was himself the illegitimate son of Sir John Savage, Knight of the Garter, slain at Boulogne.' In 1512 he was entered at Broadgate Hall (now Pem- broke College,) in Oxford, and soon after took holy orders. His abilities and assiduity recommended him to the notice of Wolsey, whose influence procured him considerable preferment, and great favour at court. After the cardinal's death, Henry VIII. made him one of his Chaplains ; and he exerted himself so strenuously in promoting the- King's divorce from Queen Cathe- rine, and in the affairs respecting the King's supremacy, that he was sent to Rome to plead the King's cause ; but he spoke with such vehemence and indignation against the tyranny of the holy see, that the Pope threatened to have him thrown into a cauldron of melted lead, and he escaped the vengeance of the Pon- tiff only by flight. His abilities as a negociator, however, were great, ' This seems to be, in some measure, confirmed by the following extract from Mr. Cole's MSS. in the British Museum. " Out of a MS book of pedigrees of Cheshire, late Sir John Crewe's, and originally drawn up by Mr. Booth of Twemloe, I copied the following pedigree, which seems so particular that one can hardly doubt of its authenticity. Did the illegitimacy of Bishop Bonner reflect any discredit to his reputation, I might possi- bly have omitted it ; as it does not, I shall transcribe it. Sir John Savage, Knight of the Garter, and of the Privy Council, was slayne at Bullen, when K. Hen. 8. layde siege to it. His son, ** Sir John Savage, Knt. who had given him, in recompense fojr the death of his father, the Earle of Warwick's lands in Worcester- shire, and was thereby Sheriff of Worcestershire by inheritance. 202 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT and his manners insinuating; on the recommendation^, therefore, of his friend and patron Thomas, Lord Cromwell, he was employed as Ambassador to the several courts of Denmark, France, and Germany. In 1538, he was nominated to the bishopric of Hereford ; but before his consecration he w^as trans- lated to the see of London. He had now reached the height of his ambition ; and though, to raise himself in the King's favour, he had formerly opposed the Pope's prerogative, and while Henry lived, he paid an ** George Savage, priest and parson of Davenham, had there seven children by sundrie women, and was himself bastard-son of Sir John Savage, Knight of the Garter. George Savage, John Winslowe, Priest, Chancellor of Archdeacon of Middlesex, Chester. by Winslowes daughter. ! 1 Elizabeth, married Randle Savage of the to Claiton ThelwalJ, Lodge, by the daughter of one by Winslowes daughter. Dyer, of Barrow, in Cheshire. 1 1 Ellen, married to Hawes, Margaret, married of Little, to Calenstoke, by Dyers daughter. by Dyers daughter. Edmund Bonner, who was first Dean of Leicester, and after twice Bishop of London, begotten of one EHzabeth Frodesham, which Elizabeth was afterwards married to one Edmund Bonner, a sawyer with Mr. Armynham, who dwelled at Potters Hanley, in Worcestershire. OF FULHAM. 203 putward compliance to what was established by public authority ; yet, after that monarch's death, the real sentiments of his heart began to appear, and he shewed himself firmly devoted to the catholic faith. In 1549, he was committed to the Fleet prison for scrupling to take the oaths of allegiance to Edward VL, but was soon released on his recantation. He was several times during this reign, reproved by the council, for neglecting to enforce the measures adopted regarding the Reformation, and w^as, at length, tried for contempt, committed to the Marshalsea, and deprived of his bishopric. The accession of Mary in 1553 restored him to his see, and in the following year he was made Vice- gerent and President of tlie convocation in the place of Cranmer. He was included in all the commis- sions during this reign^ for the trial and prosecution of the Protestants, whom he persecuted with the great- est violence and cruelty ; several remarkable instances of which are recorded to have taken place at his resi- dence at Fulham/ On the accession of Queen Elizabeth, and the con- sequent restoration of the reformed religion^ he refused to take the oaths, and in 1559 was again deprived and committed to the Marshalsea. He remained in con- finement till his death, which happened the 5th Sep- tember, 1569. He was buried in the church of St. George, in Southwark, at midnight, it being appre- hended some disturbance might otherwise take place ' Fox -s Martyrs, vol. iii. p. 880, £04 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT among the populace, whose indignation his cruel con- duct had so justly provoked." In his person. Bishop Bonner was fat and corpulent; in his temper, ferocious and vindictive. His know- ledge in divinity was not extensive, but he was well versed in politics and canon law. He wrote and published several books, a list of which is in the Biographical Dictionary. Fuller says, he enjoyed a large estate left him by his father.* Dr. Nicholas Ridley^ who w^as indefatigable in hi^ labours to promote the Reformation, and suffered martyrdom for it in the reign of Queen Mary, was ' To the Right Honorable Sir William Cecil, Knight, Wps. Secretarie to Queens Maj*^^^. Bishop Grindall writes to inform Sir W. C. of Bonner's death, and gives his reasons for permitting him to be buried, although he had been excommunicated eight or nine years ; and says, that he had ordered him to be buried at night, to avoid the notice of the citi- zens, to whom he had been very odious in his life-time, and the ven- geance of the people. ** By his night-burial," says the bishop, both these inconveniences hathe been avoyded, and the same gene- rally liked; whatt slial be endued off it att the courte 1 can nott tell ; it is possible the reporte of his buriall hafhe nott there become publique ; but this 1 write unto you is the verie trutl^e/' Y^^ in Chris te, Edm. London. Fulham, 9 September, 1569- My grapes this yeare are pott yett rype, abowte the ende off y® nexte weeke I hoope to sende some to the gueei^'s Maj Lansdowniana, MSS.Bxit, Mus., vol.xi. p. 42, art. 64, ^ Worthies, Worcester, p. 169. OF FULHAM, 5205 born of an ancient family in the beginning of the six- teenth century, at Tynedale in the county of Northum- berland. He was educated at Newcastle upon Tyne, from whence he removed to Pembroke Hall, Cam- bridge, where he was supported at the expense of his uncle, Dr. Robert Ridley. Here he acquired consi- derable skill in the Greek and Latin tongues, and in the learning then more in fashion, the philosophy and theology of the schools. In 1526, he took his Master of Arts degree; and about the same time set out on his travels ; and as his studies were now directed to divinity, he spent some time among the doctors of the Sorbonne at Paris, and afterwards among the professors at Louvain. Having staid three years abroad, he returned to Cambridge, and there pursued his studies. In 1533, he served the office of Senior Proctor of the university. His repu- tation for piety and learning about this time recom- mended him to the notice and patronage of Archbishop Cranmer, who appointed him his Domestic Chaplain, and collated him to the vicarage of Heme, in Kent. After staying two years at Heme, he was elected Mas- ter of Pembroke Hall, and also held the rectory of Soham, in the county of Cambridge, on the presen- tation of the college. He was appointed Chaplain to the King, and soon after obtained a Prebendal stall in the church of Canterbury. In 1547, he was conse- crated Bishop of Rochester, and on the deprivation of Bishop Bonner, in 1550, he was deemed the fittest person to fill the important see of London, being esteemed (says Burnet) the most learned and most thoroughly zealous for the Reformation, 206 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT In this high station his behaviour was dignified, benevolent, useful, and exemplary. He had a consi- derable share in compiling the Liturgy of the Church of England at the command of Edward VI. On the death of the King, he was ordered by the Council to preach a sermon, to convince the people of Lady Jane Gray's title to the throne, which he too rashly obeyed ; this affront sunk deep in Mary's mind, and he soon felt the fatal effects of her resent* ment. On the establishment of Mary, he was sent to the Towner, deprived of his bishopric, and Bonner restored in his stead. After suffering great persecution in his confinement, in 1554 he was removed to Oxford with Cranmer and Latimer, and was burnt there on the lOth of October, 1555,' Bishop Ridley was esteemed the ablest of all that advanced the Reformation, both for piety, learning, and solidity of judgment. He was ill rewarded by Bon- ner and Heath ; for when he w^as promoted to the bishopric of London, he had treated Bonner's mother wdth kindness, and he had kept Heath a year and a half in his house, when he fell into trouble ; neverthe- less, when Heath passed through Oxford, while Rid- ley was in prison, he did not so much as visit him ; and so far had men been taught to put off all huma- nity, that, during his imprisonment, none of the university either came to visit him, or relieve his necessities. * Burnet s History of the Reformation. Fuller's Church History, book viii. p, 21. , OF FULHAM. He was a person of small stature, but great in learning, and profoundly read in divinity.' Fox's Mar- tyrology contains a full account of his sufferings and martyrdom. It appears rather singular that no monument should ever have been erected in Oxford to commemo- rate this great martyr of the Protestant church. His fame, indeed^ will survive any memorial which can be raised by hands ; but, as in all ages, it has been usual to express our respect and gratitude to the memory of those who have contributed to the glory or welfare of their country, by erecting monuments or statues, surely this custom might be observed, with the great- est propriety, towards those whose time and talents were dedicated to the establishment of our pure reli- gion, and whose lives were sacrificed to its continuance and preservation.'' Edmund Grindall was born in 15 19 at a small vil- lage near St. Bees, in Cumberland; he was sent to Magdalen College, Cambridge, but removed from thence to Christ College, and afterwards to Pembroke Hall, where he M^as chosen Fellow in 1538. In 1542, he served the office of Proctor in that university ; in 1549, he was elected Lady Margaret's preacher; and in the same year was one of the four disputants before the King's visitors. On the recommendation of Mar- tin Bucer, Ridley, Bishop of London, made him his Chaplain, and was so much pleased with him, that he procured him several other preferments. But on the ' Anecdotes of Eiuinent Cambridge Men, Harl. MSS. Brit. Mus, folio, p. 62. * Strvpe's Memorials of Arclibishop Cramuer. 208 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT death of Edward VI. he fled to Germany, and shared with many others the inconveniences of an exile during the reign of Mary ; in the interval, he employed him- self in diligently collecting materials for a Martyrology, and greatly assisted John Fox in compiling his labo- rious work. Returning to England on the accession of Elizabeth, he was appointed one of the public disputants against Popery, and also gave his assistance in drawing up the new Liturgy. In 1559, on the removal of Dr. Young, he was chosen Master of Pembroke Hall, a prefer- ment which he soon resigned, being unable to keep a proper residence; and in July of the same year, he was nominated to the bishoprick of London, on the deprivation of Bishop Bonner. In 1570, he was translated to the see of York ; and in 1575, succeeded Archbishop Parker at Canterbury. He had not sat long in the chair at Canterbury before he fell under the Queen's displeasure, and was suspended in 1577 for his refusal to suppress the public theological exercises, called Prophecyings/' which his conscience told him should have been en- couraged and supported, nor was he restored to the full possession of his metropolitical power till 1582. About the same time he became blind, and being also afflicted m ith other infirmities, he resigned his see, and obtained a pension for his life. With this pro- vision, he retired to Croydon, where he died, July 6, 1589j aged 63. Bishop Grindall was a man of great firmness and resolution, though of a mild and affable temper, and friendly disposition^ and in the tim^ OF FULHAM, 209 wherein he lived, his episcopal abilities, and admirable endowments for. spiritual government, as well as his singular learning, were much celebrated.' We have extracted the following anecdote re- lated by Strype respecting the Bishop, while he held the see of London. "The grapes that grew at Fulham were, now-a-days, of that valiie, and a fruit the Queen stood so well affected to, and so early ripe, that the bishop used, every year, to send a present thereof to her. And accordingly he did so, and sent them by one of his servants; but the report was, that at this very time the plague was in his house, and that one had neerly died of that distemper there, and three more were sick ; by which occasion, both the Queen and the court were in danger ; and well it was that no sickness happened there, for if it had, all the blame would have laid upon the bishop. The bishop understanding this, thought himself bound to vindicate himself; which he did forthwith, in a letter to Secretary Cecil. " I hear that some fault is found with me abroad for the sending of my servant lately to the court with grapes, saying one died of my house of the plague, as they say, and three more are sick. The truth is, one dyed in my house the 19^^ of this month, who had lyen but three days ; but he had gone abroad languishing above twenty days before that, being troubled with a flux, and thinking to bear it out, took cold, and so ended his life. But, I thank God, there is none sick in my house. Neither would I so far have overseeti my- self, as to have sent to her Majesty if I had not been more assured, that my man's sickness was not of the plague ; and if I suspected any such thing now, I would not keep my household together as I do. Thus much I thought good also to signify unto you. God keep you. From Fulham, 20^^ Sept. 1 069. Your's in Christ, Edm. London. ' Fuller's Worthies, Cumberland, p. 2 19- Sir J. Harrington's Brief View of the State of the Church. London, l653. p, 5. ^ Strype's Life of Grindall. P 210 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Edwin Sandys^ D.D. the son of William Sandys, of Hawkshead, in the county of Lancashire, was born in the year 1519. He was educated at Catharine Hall, Cambridge, and was junior Proctor of that uni- versity in 1542. About 1547 he was elected Master of Catharine Hall; and not long after, was made Prebendary of Peterborough, and also of Carlisle. On the death of Edward VI., Dr. Sandys being then Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge, and a zealous Pro- testant, preached a sermon in favour of Lady Jane Gray's title to the throne, by order of the Duke of Northumberland, for which, on the accession of Mary, he was deprived of all his preferments, and sent pri- soner to the Tower ; but, after about a year's confine- ment, through the intercession of some friends, he obtained his freedom ; and having lately lost his wife, he travelled into Germany and Switzerland ; here while he was on a visit to Peter Martyr, he received the news of Queen Mary's death, which immediately in* duced him to return to his native country. His zeal in support of the Reformation, and his suf- ferings for it, soon brought him into notice; and in the the 1st of Elizabeth, he was appointed one of the managers of the public conference held with the most eminent divines of the church of Rome. In 1559 he was promoted to the bishopric of Worcester; and in 1570 translated to the see of London. In 157(5 he was made Archbishop of York, where an unyielding spirit of persecution against Papists and Puritans pro- OF FULHAM. 211 cured him many enemies, and involved him in constant difficulties/ He died the 10th of July, 1588, aged 69, and was buried in the collegiate church of Southwell. He was one of those appointed to give a new translation of the Bible in the reign of Elizabeth, and was author of a volume of sermons, said to be " perhaps superior to those of any of his cotemporaries he was a man, of whom it is hard to say whether he was most famous for his admirable virtues, or great learning ; he left many children, of which three were knights, excellently qua- lified in body and mind, especially Dr. Edwin Sandys^ who deserved so well of his country/ John Aylmer^ or Ehne?^, descended from an ancient and respectable family,- was born at Aylmer Hall, at Tilney, in the county of Norfolk, in 15^1/ He was very early in life, taken under the protection and pa- tronage of Henry Grey, Marquis of Dorset (afterwards ' Sir John Harrington's Brief View of the Church, p. 173. Ful- ler's Worthies, Lancashire, p. 110. ^ Harl. MSS. Brit. Mus. No. 6037- p. 37. ^ The bishop's paternal coat is, argent, a cross, sable, before four eornish choughs of the same. The reason of this bearing is, probably, from the relation the family had, as 'tis said, to Aimer, a Saxon Duke of Cornwall, which pretence seems to be allowed by the Herald's office, as we may con- elude from their crest, which is on a ducal coronet ; a Cornish chough's head and neck, wings displayed.— ^wecrfoto of Eminent Cambridge Men, Harl. MSS. Brit. Mus. No. 6030. p. 109- ^ Strype's Life of Aylmer, 8vo. 1701. P S £12 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Duke of Suffolk,) who sent him to the university of Cambridge, where he took his degrees in arts.' The Marquis afterwards made him his Domestic Chaplain, and tutor to his children, among whom was Lady Jane Grey. He warmly espoused the cause of the Refor- mation, and during the reign of Edward VL was highly instrumental, by his pulpit eloquence, in converting the people of Leicestershire to the Protestant religion. In 1553 he was made Archdeacon of Stow% in the diocese of Lincoln; and in the early part of Queen Mary's reign, he exerted himself so zealously against Popery, that his farther stay in England was rendered unsafe ; he therefore retired, at first, to Strasbourg, and afterwards to Zurich, in Switzerland, and, during his exile, he also visited several of the universities of Germany and Italy. While he resided at Strasbourg, he wrote a spirited answer'' to Knox^s " First blasfe of the Trumpet against the monstruous regiment and empire of Woriien," a pamphlet written against the Queens of England and Scotland, and in all the inso- lence and acrimony of style which distinguishes the works of that turbulent reformer. And while in Switzerland, he assisted John Fox in translating his Martyrology into Latin. On the accession of Elizabeth, he returned to Eng- land, and in 1562, through the interest of Secretary * Ant, Wood. Athen. Oxon. vol. ii. ^ Entitled, " An Harborow for faithful and true Subjects against the late blowne Blaste, &c. Strasbourg, 1559/' OF FULHAM. Cecil, whom he was recommended by Mr. Dannet, whose 3011 had been one of his pupils abroad, he obtained the Archdeaconry of Lincoln, but, notwith- standing his great learning and zeal, he continued a long time without any further preferment, owing, it is said, to his having reflected with some asperity in his answer to Knox, on the intolerance and excessive wealth of the clergy. In 1579 he accumulated the degrees of Batchclor and Doctor in Divinity in the university of Oxford ; and in 1576, on the translation of his fellow exile. Dr. Sandys, to the archbishopric of York, he was made Bishop of London. After his elevation, his zeal and assiduity in main- taining the doctrine and discipline of the church of England recommended him to the particular favour of the Queen. He frequently preached in his cathedral, and from his admirable talents and eloquence became very popular. During the plague in 1578, his humanity was emi- nently conspicuous ; the sick were visited by the clergy, every possible comfort was liberally administered, and books containing directions for preventing the spread- ing of the contagion, were freely circulated at his expense. His rigorous proceedings against the Puri- tans, o^cited their resentment, and he has been described by them as intolerant iii his conduct, viru- l^nt in his language, and tyrannical over his inferiors. One of the greatest troubles he ever met with was an information exhibited against him for cutting down the wood belonging to his see at Fulham, and which he V 3 ^14 HI3T011ICAL ACCOUNT was restrained from doing by the Queen's orders, after the matter had been investigated before the council. For some time before his death, he endeavoured to obtain a removal to the see of Ely, or to that of Win- chester, but without success : and he was even desirous of resigning his bishopric to Dr.. Bancroft, but the lat- ter refused it He died at Fulham, where he chiefly resided, the 3rd of June, 1594, aged 73^ and was buried in St. Paul's cathedral.^ He married Judith Buers or Bures, of a good family in Suffolk, by whom he had seven sons and two or three daughters. In his private life, the bishop was economical, though fond of magnificence, as appears by his household, which consisted of eighty persons : as he came to his bishopric in good circumstances, so he died very rich. His natural temper was very quick and warm. He was a man of a bold spirit, very free and blunt in his speech; several imputations were cast upon him, but Strype has shewn they were groundless. He was particularly charged with a breach of the sab- bath, and with swearing, frequently using the phrase, By my faith :" the former charge was founded on his playing at bowls on Sunday ; with regard to which, Strype says, this was a recreation he delighted in, and used for the diversion of his cares and the preservation of his health at Fulham ; that he alleged, that he never withdrew himself from the service, or the sermon, on the Lord's day ; that Christ, the best expositor of the sabbath, said, that the sabbath was made for man, and ' §ir John Harrington's Brief View of the Church, p. 1 5. OF FULUAM. 215 not man for the sabbath; that man might have his meat dressed for his health on the sabbath, and why might he not have some convenient exercise of his body for the health thereof on that day. Indeed it was the general custom in those days, both in Geneva and in all other places where Protestants inhabited, after the service of the Lord's day was over, to refresh themselves with bowling, walking abroad, and other innocent recreations ; and the bishop followed that which, in his travels abroad, he had seen ordinarily practised among them. Strype tells us in his life, among other instances of his courage, that he had a tooth drawn, to encourage Queen Elizabeth to submit to the like operation. The following inscription was upon his monument in St. Paul's cathedral : Hie Jacet certissimam expectans Resurrectionem Suae carnis D. Johannes Aylmer, D. Episcopus Londini Qui obiit diem suam, An. Doni. 1594, ^Etat. suae f3. Ter senos annos Praesul, semel exul et idem. Bis pugil in causa Religionis erat.^ Dr. Richard Fletcher is said by Fuller to have been a native of Kent, and as such is placed by him among the worthies of that county;^ otherwise Mr. Masters, to whom we are chiefly indebted for this account, in his " History of Bene't College, Cam- bridge," imagines he must have been of Norfolk, as the fellowship he held in that college on Archbishop Parker's foundation was solely appropriated to that ' Godwii^ de Prsesul, p. 193. Fullers Church Hist, b.ix, p. 223. ^ Fuller^s Worthies, Kent, p. 72, P 4 216 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT county. He was Scholar of Trinity College in 1563; but removed to Bene't in 1569, In 1572 he was instituted to the Prebend of Isledon in the church of St Paul; and in 1581 became Chaplain to the Queen, to whom he had been recommended by Archbishop Whitgift for the deanery of Windsor ; but she rather chose to bestow on him that of Peterborough in 1583. In !585 the prebend of Sutton Longa, in the church of Lincohi, was given him, with several other eccle- siastical preferments ; and about this time he wa$ appointed to attend the execution of Mary Queen of Scots at Fotheringay Castle.' In 1589 he was promoted to the bishopric of Bristol, and made the Queen's Almoner/ In 159^ he was translated to the see of Worcester, and two years after to that of London, which he solicited the Lord Treasurer to obtain for him, alledging that he liked that better than any other, by reason of its having been the place of his education, his most com- mon residence, and where he had many agreeable friends, who desired him for their bishop.^ Spon after his advancement to this see, he married the widow of Sir John Baker of Sisingherst in Kent, and sister of Sir George GifFord, which brought him into disgrace with the Queen, who disapproved of all marriage in the clergy, especially in a bishop, who was a widower, and no very young man. He was banished from court, and suspended from the exercise of his ' Strype's Annals, vol. iii. p. 385. ^ Sir J. Harrington's Brief View of the State of the Church, p, 25 3 Strype's Life of Whitgift, p. 428o OF FULHAM, 217 ecclesiastical functions ; the latter, however, was with- drawn after six months, by the intercession of friends, but he was not permitted to appear at court for a twelvemonth, where, for twenty years past, he had been a constant attendant. It is doubted if be ever perfectly recovered the Queen's favour ; and the anxiety arising from this disgrace is thought to have shortened his life,' for he died suddenly, on the 15th of June, 1596, while sitting in his chair and smoaking tobacco, which was not usually taken in those days unless by way of physic, or to divert melancholy. The bishop Jeft eight children, to whom he bequeathed his fortune, after some charitable legacies, to hh equally divided between them. But it was found scarcely equal to his debts, insomuch that his brother. Dr. Giles Fletcher^, was obliged to have recourse to her majesty through the means of Mr. Anthony Bacon and the Earl of Essex, for her favour and benevolence. In the petition which is printed in Birch's Memoirs of Elizabeth," ^ among other reasons, it is stated, " That finding the mansion houses of the see of London greatly decayed, ^nd in a manner ruined, he bestowed great sums of money in reparation, upon the episcopal houses at Wiqkham, Hadham, London, and Fulham ; in which last he wa3 at an extraordinary charge, out of respect, as well to his duty and necessary use, as to her majesty's satisfaction, hoping one day, after the end and pacifi- cation of her displeasure, and the recovery of her gra- cious favour, which, of all worldly things, he most ' Fuller's Church Hist. b. ix. p. 233, ^ Ibid, YoL ii. p. 113. 150. 224. 218 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT desired, to see her majesty in his house at Ful- ham." The bishop's initials, with the date 1595^ are in the windows of the hall, which he repaired and fitted up. Such a one was Bishop Fletcher, whose pride w^as rather on him than in him, as only gait and gesture deep, not sinking to his heart, though causelessly con- demned for a proud man, and far more humble than he appeared.' The bishop was father of John Fletcher, the celebrated dramatic poet. Richard Bancroft was a native of Farnworth in Lancashire, and was educated at Christ College and Jesus College,'' in the University of Cambridge. His first preferment in the church appears to have been a canonry of Westminster. He was afterwards chaplain to Queen Elizabeth, and was raised to the see of Lon- don in 1597. While Bishop of London, he was ho- noured with a visit from Queen Elizabeth at his house at Fulham in l600; and King James, in 1602, paid him the same compliment previous to his coronation. Bishop Bancroft was a stout and zealous champion of the Church, which he learnedly and ably defended to the confusion of its adversaries. Hence it was that he was censured by the Puritans as a friend to Popery ; but the imputation was absolutely groundless. On the contrary, by his address in setting some of the secular priests against the Jesuits, he greatly reduced ^ Lives of Eminent Cambridge; Men, p. 120. Harl. MSS. Brit. Mus. * Godwin de Pr^sul, p. 193. OF FULHAM. 219 the force of the most formidable body of men engaged in the services of the Church of Rome." In the Conference at Hampton Court he acquitted himself so much to the King's satisfaction, that he thought him the fittest person to succeed Archbishop Whitgift in the Chair of Canterbury, to which he was translated in December 1604. He was indubitably a friend to the royal prerogative, and earnest in his defence of it, in which he followed the dictates of his conscience and the genius of the times. He is the person alluded to as the chief over- seer of the last Translation of the Bible, in that para- graph of the Preface beginning, " But it is high time to have them," &c. He died at Lambeth, Nov. 2, 1610, aged 67, and was buried in the chancel of that church/ I shall add no more concerning this excellent prelate, but that it was observed that, at Hampton Court Con- ference, Archbishop Whitgift spoke most gravely, Bishop Bilson most learnedly, but Bishop Bancroft (when out of passion), most politickly/ Richard Vaughan, a native of Carnarvonshire, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, of which he became Fellow, and was an admired preacher in that university. He was Chaplain to Queen Elizabeth, Archdeacon of Middlesex, and, successively. Bishop ' Sir John Harrington's Brief View of the State of the Church of England, p. 13. Lond. 1653. * Godwin, ubi supra. ^ Anecdotes of Eminent Cambridge Men, Harl. MSS, No. 6040. Pdt, Mos, p. 130. \ 220 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT of Bangor, 1595; Chester, 1597; and London, 1604, Ij^is beginning of preferment (says Sir John Harring- ton) was under the Lord Keeper Pickering, being his examiner of such as sued for the benefices in my lord's gift; in which, though some complain he was too pre- cise, yet, for my part, I ascribe to that one of his greatest praises. He was a milde man, and was well spoken of in the city, which sometime happeneth not of them that deserve the best." ' He died qf an apoplectic fit, March 30, 1607. His merit was universally allowed to be equal to his dignity in the church, but none of his writings were ever printed. Fuller tells us, in his usual style, that he was a very corpulent man, but spiritually rninded ;" ^ and Owen, his countryman, has addressed two of his best epigrams on him, in which he gives him an excel- lent character : ^ Epig. 23. Praesul es (O Britonum decus iramortale tuorain) Tu Londinensi primus in urbe Brito. Epig. 24. Hi mihi doctores semper placuere, docenda Qui faciunt, plusquam qui facienda docent Plater es Anglorum doctissimus, optimus ergp Nam facienda docens, ipse docenda facis, 23. you British honour, are the first from Wales, Arrrived at London's seat, through happy gales. ^ Sir J. Harrington's Brief View of the Church, p. 31. * Fuller's Worthies, Carnarvon, p. 31. Church Hist. b. x. p. 49 ^ Lib. xi. Granger, vol.i. p. 343. OF FULHAM. 221 24. Those Doctors always please me, who account Their good lives their good sermons to surmount : Most learned bishop, you, not only teach Others their duty, but, by life, do preach.^ In the Harl MSS., No. 6495-6, is a Life of Bishop Vaughan," written in Latin by John Williams, and dedicated to Thomas Egerton, Baron of EUesmere. T>7\ Thomas Ravis was born of a good family at Maulden, in the County of Surry,* and educated at Westminster School, from whence he removed to Christ Church, Oxford, where he passed through his regular degrees. From his learning and talents he was promoted to the deanery of that college, and twice served the office of Vice Chancellor in the Uni- versity. He was in 1604 nominated by the Lords of the Coun- cil to the see of Gloucester. In 1607 he was trans- lated to London, but sat only a short time in this see, as he died the 14th of December 1609, and was buried in the upper end of the north transept of St. Paul's Cathedral.^ Sir John Harrington, speaking of his promotion to the bishopric of London, says : I need not prognosticate, but I can wish and hope, that as for his person, he is comparable to Mr. Fletcher, so he may equal Dr. Elmer in courage, Dr. Bancroft in carefulness, and Dr.Vaughan in mild demeanour." ^ ^ Pecke's Translation, Lond. 1659. ^ Fuller's Worthies, Surry, p. 82. 3 See his Epitaph in Dugdale's Hist, of St.PauFs, p. 55. ^ Sir John Harrington's Brief Vif^w of the Church, p, 34. 222 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Dr. George Abbott was born at Guildford, in Surry/ 29th October, 1562^ and received the rudiments of edu- cation at the free-school in that town. He was removed from thence to Baliol College, Oxford, where, in 1593, he was elected a Fellow ; soon after which he took orders, and became a celebrated preacher in that University. In 1597 he was chosen Master of Uni- versity College; and in 1599 was promoted to the deanery of Winchester. He was also one of the eight divines of that University employed upon the Trans- lation of the New Testament. In I6O8 he lost his patron, Thomas Earl of Dorset, and soon after became Chaplain to George, Earl of Dunbar, whom he ac- companied to Scotland to assist in establishing a union between the Kirk of Scotland and the Church of Eng- land ; and in this affair he conducted himself with so much eloquence, address, and moderation, that it laid the foundation of all his future preferment. In 1609 he was made Bishop of Litchfield and Coventry ; and in the following year was translated to the see of Lon- don, where he remained but a few months, being appointed to succeed Archbishop Bancroft in the Chair of Canterbury. He now stood in high favour with his sovereign, and for some years bore a conspicuous part in all the great affairs, both in church and state. On the accession of Charles I. he performed the ceremony of the Coro- nation, though he never had been much in that king's favour, nor does it appear from Lord Clarendon's character of him, that he ever obtained much credit « Fuller's Worthies, Surry, p. 83. OF FULHAM. 223 during this reign," the Duke of Buckingham, who held the greatest influence at court, being his declared enemy. The Archbishop died at Croydon, 4th of August, 1633, aged 71, and was buried in a chapel in the church of the Holy Family at Guildford, where, in 1619, he had endowed an hospital for the support of a master, twelve brethren, and eight sisters. Archbishop Abbott was a prelate of great learning and piety ; and, in his general character, moderate and inoffensive, but was esteemed a Puritan in doctrine, and in discipline too remiss for one placed at the head of the church. He had strongly recommended himself to King James by his prudent conduct in Scotland, and also by his Narrative of the Case of George Sprott," who was executed in l6l8, for being con- cerned in the Gowry consph^acy. As the reality of that dark design had been called in question, he endeavoured by this narrative to settle the minds of the people in the belief of it."" The latter years of his life were severely embittered from his having accidentally killed a keeper of Lord Zouch's, while hunting with him in his lordsliip's park in Hampshire.^ Dr. John King w^as born at Warnhall^ near Thame, in Oxfordshire, in 1559. He was educated at West- minster School, and from thence removed to Christ Church, Oxford. He became a celebrated preacher ' Clarendon's Hist. vol. i, p. 88. Edit. 1705. * Granger^ vol. i. p, 340, ^ Burnet's Own Times^ vol.i. p. 18. 224 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT at Court in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I, ; and was by the latter monarch, in 1605, preferred to the deanery of Christ Church, whence he was^ for his merit, removed to the see of London in 1 611, on the translation of Archbishop Abbott to Canterbury. He was a great master of his tongue and his pen, and was stiled by James The King of Preachers." A cha- racter founded upon a pun, or verbal allusion, is very cautiously to be admitted, but there is great truth in this, as he was the most natural and persuasive orator of his time. He published ^' Lectures on the Prophet Jonah,'' and several sermons. The calumny of his dying in the communion of the Church of Rome has been ably refuted. He died March 30, 1621, and was buried in St, Paul's Cathedral, under a plain stone, on which was inscribed only the word Resiirgam.'' This was probably the stone brought to Sir Christopher Wren, when the church was rebuilt.' Geo7^ge Mountaigiie, D.D., Lord Almoner to King James L, was a native of Yorkshire, and received his education at Queen's College, Cambridge, where he afterwards founded two scholarships. He was for some time Divinity Lecturer at Gresham College, and after- wards Master of the Savoy. When the famous Dr. Neyle was promoted to the bishopric of Litchfield, Dr.Moun- taigne succeeded him in the deanery at Westminster. ^ Wren's Pareritalia. Granger, vol. i. p. 3i4. Fuller's Worthies, Bucks, p. 132. OF FULHAM. He was, successively, Bishop of Lincoln, in 16 17; London, in 1621 ; and Durham, in 1627; and in 1628 succeeded Tobie Matthew in the see of York, and died the sanae year in the 60th year of his age. He was buried at Cawood in Yorkshire, the place of his nati- vity, with the following epitaph, descriptive of his character and preferments, inscribed on his tomb : " Georgio Mountaignfio ex honestis hoc in oppido penatibii^ oriundo per cunctos disciplinarum gradus Cantab, provecto, et Academiae Procuratori ; sub initio D. Jacobi Hospitio quod Sabaudiam vocant, et Ecclesige Westiiionasteriensi praefecto, ab eodem R. ad praesulatum Lincolniensim, ac inde post aliqua temporum spiramenta Londinensem promoto: k Caroli Divi F. ad Dunelmensem, honestis: senii et valetudinis secessum translator moxque H. E. infra spatiura trimestre ad Archiepiscopatum Eboracensem benigniter sublevato ; viro venerabili, aspectu gravis, moribus non injucundis, ad beneficia non ingrato, injuriarum non ultori unquam nec (quantum natura humana patitur) memori, amborum principum Dom. suoque eleemosynario. Vixitannos 59« m.6— d.2/ tVilliam Laud, D.D., was born at Reading in Berk- shire, in 1573,'' where his father was a clothier of some considerable property. After receiving the rudiments of his education at the Free School in his native place, he removed to St. John's College, Oxford, of which he became Fellow, and, in 1611, President. From his first entrance into public life he had, without disguise or dissimulation, declared his opinion of the Calvinists, or Puritans, and had done every thing in his power to hinder the growth and increase of that faction. In this > Godwin de Prsesul. p. 712. ^ Fuller^s Worth. Berks, p. 93. Q 226 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT conduct he was encouraged by the example of his ear- liest patron, Bishop Neyle, who had made him his chaplain, but it brought upon him the displeasure of Archbishop Abbott, at that period Chancellor of the University, and raised a series of persecutions from the Puritans, and created him many troubles and vex- ations ; and though he was King's Chaplain, and noticed for an excellent preacher, and a scholar of ex- tensive learning, he had no preferment to induce him to leave his college till the vigour of his age was past. In 1616 he was made Dean of Gloucester, and in 1621 promoted to the bishopric of St. David's. About this time his well known conference and dispute with Fisher the Jesuit, introduced him to the notice of the Duke of Buckingham, whose chief confident he soon became, and by whom he was strongly recommended to Charles L From this time he prospered. In 1626 he was translated to the see of Bath and Wells ; and in 1628 to that of London ; and, on the death of his patroU;, was left in high favour and great trust with the King, who was sufficiently indisposed towards the Puritan party. In 1630 he was elected Chancellor of the University of Oxford, and in 1633 advanced to the archbishopric of Canterbury. He now took an active part in public affairs ; and trusting that innocence of heart, and integrity of man- ners, was a guard strong enough to secure any man in his passage through this life, he courted persons too little, and did not sufficiently consider what men said, m were likely to say of him ; and when he came into OF FULHAM. 227 authority, it may be, he retained too keen a memory of those who had so unjustly and uncharitably persecuted him before/ The measures he pursued in these bois- terous and turbulent times, drew down upon him the resentment and vengeance of that party he had so long opposed ; and who now, unfortunately for the king- dom, were become sufficiently powerful to overturn every thing, both in church and state. In 1640 he was accused in parliament of high treason, and sent to the Tower, where - he remained till 1643, when the Commons, having added ten new articles of impeach^ ment against him, he was brought before the House of Peers ; and after a trial, which lasted twenty days, a bill of attainder passed both houses, by which he was condemned to lose his head. This sentence was put in execution on Tower Hill, Jan. 10, 1644-5. At the intercession of some of his friends, his body was buried in the church of All-Hallows, Barking ; but in 1663 it was removed to the chapel of St. John's Col- lege, Oxford. The archbishop," says Fuller,* ^' was low of sta- ture, little in bulk, chearful in countenance, (wherein gravity and quickness were well compounded), of a sharp and piercing €ye, clear judgment, and (abating the influence of age) firm memory. He was very plain in apparel, and sharply chequed such clergymen whom he saw go in rich or gaudy clothes." With his failings he had great merit. He was a zealous advocate for regal and ecclesiastical power, * Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion, vol. i. book 1. Fuller's Ghurch Hist. b. xi. p. 216. Q 2 228 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT His industry was great, his learning extensive, alnd his piety not only sincere, but ardent. All his virtues partook of the warmth of his temper, which entered into his religion, and sometimes carried him to bigotry. His book against Fisher the Jesuit is justly esteemed a master-piece of controversial divinity. To the Uni- versity of Oxford, and to his college in particular, he was a munificent benefactor. The sees he filled expe- rienced also his liberality. The archbishop kept a diary of the transactions of his life, which has been published. We have selected from it the following, relating to this parish : Sunday, Aug. 22, I preached at Fulhair. Wednesday, Oct. 6, 1 was taken with an extreme cold and lame- ness, as I was waiting upon St. George his feast at Windsor, and forced to return to Fulham, where I continued ill about a week. Friday, Oct. 29, I removed my family from Fulham to London House. 1631. Tuesday, June 7, I consecrated the chapel at Hammer- smith. Dr. Heylin, in his Life of Bishop Laud," thus relates his having been present at this consecration : It was my chance to bestow a visit on his lordship at his house in Fulham, as he was preparing to set forwards to this last consecration ; and one of his chaplains at that time being absent, and that he Vv^as of ordinary course to make use of two, he took me along with him to perform the office of the priest in the solemnity, in* which his chaplain, Bray, was to act the deacon's."* ^ Heylin's Life of Laud, p. ^01. jof fulham, 229 Friday,^ July 26, I came to my house, at Fulham, from Scot- laiid. Sunday, Aug. 25. My election to the archbishoprick was re- turned to the king, then being at Woodstock. Sept. 19. I was translated to the archbishopric of Canterbury, the Lord make me able, &c. The day before, when I first went to Lambeth, my coach-horses and men sunk to the bottom of the Thames in the ferry boate, which was over-laden ; but, I praise (Grod for it, I lost neither man nor horse. Dr. William Juxon was bom at Chichester in 1582, and received his education at Merchant Taylor's School, from whence he removed to St. John's College, Oxford, of which college he was elected president in 162 I. Through the friendship of Archbishop Laud, his fellow collegian, he rose rapidly in the church : in 1627 he was made Dean of Worcester and Chaplain to the King; in l631, Clerk of the Closet ; and, in 1633, Bishop of Hereford; but, when Bishop Laud was translated to the see of Canterbury, he recom- mended Dr. Juxon to the King, as his successor in the see of London. Soon after the death of the Earl of Portland, Lord High Treasurer, the archbishop's influence obtained for him the Treasurer's Staff ; an appointment, which, Lord Clarendon says, did not only sharpen the edge of envy and malice against the archbishop, who was the known architect of this new fabric, but most un- justly disposed many towards the church itself" He acted with great prudence and moderation in the troublesome office imposed upon him at a ^ Lord Clarendon's Hist, vol i. p. 99, 8vo. 170a. q3 . 230 HISTORJCAL ACCOUNT very critical time ; he was well qualified for it by his abilities, and no less by his patience, which he was often called upon to exercise. The bishop, however, resigned this office in 1641, and wisely withdrew himself from the storm then gathering over the kingdom. He accompanied his royal master on the scaffold, and was one of those permitted by the Parliament to attend the funeral obsequies of that unfortunate monarch. During the Rebellion he suffered severely, and was for some time imprisoned by the Parliament. He retired to Fulham, and probably remained there till the house and manor were sold to Colonel Harvey in 1647. He then removed to his private estate at Compton in Glouces- tershire, where he remained undisturbed throughout the calamities of the civil wars/ He happily lived to see an end of these boisterous and disasterous troubles, and at the Restoration was advanced to the arch- bishopric of Canterbury. He died on the 4th of June, 166>3, aged eighty-one, and was buried in the chapel of St. John's College, Oxford, to which he had been 9. considerable benefactor. Bishop Juxon's character was very different froni that of his friend and patron, Archbishop Laud. The inildness of his temper, the gentleness of his manners, ^ In this particular he was happy above others of his order ; that whereas they may be said, in some sort, to have left their bishop- rics, flying into the King's Quarters for safety, he staid at home till his bishopric left him, roused from his swan's nest, at Fulham, for a bird of another feathex to build therein. Fuller's Church Hist. b. xi, p. 150, OF FULHAM. £31 and the integrity of his life, gained him universal esteem, and even the haters of prelacy could never hate Juxon/ Gilbert Sheldon was born July 19, 1598, of an ancient family in Staffordshire. In 16 19 he was entered at Trinity College, Oxford, and in 1622 elected Fellow of All-Souls College, in the same University. About the same time taking holy orders, he became Chaplain to Thomas Lord Coventry, Keeper of the Great Seal, who also gave him a prebend al stall in the cathedral of Gloucester, and recommended him strongly to King Charles I. In 1635 he was chosen Warden of All-Souls College, and from the King he obtained some considerable church preferment. On the breaking out of the civil wars, being one of his Majesty's chaplains, he firmly adhered to the royal cause, and drew upon himself the resentment of the Parliament. In 1618 he was ejected from his wardenship, and imprisoned for some months; but, on obtaining his liberty, he retired to some of his friends in Derbyshire, and spent his time in a studious and devout retirement. On the restoration of Charles II., who knew his worth, and who, during his exile, had experienced his munificence, he was replaced in his wardenship, made Master of the Savoy and Dean of the Chapel Royal ; and on the translation of Bishop Juxon to Canterbury, was promoted to the see of London. In \66'd he was translated to Canterbury, and in 1667 was elected ' Granger, vol. ii. p. 154, Q 4 2321 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Chancellor of the University of Oxford, to which he was a considerable benefactor. The building of the theatre there cost him 16,000/., a structure which alone is sufficient to perpetuate the memory of the founder. The bishop also expended a considerable sum on the palace at Fulham. He died at his palace at Croydon, on the 9th of November, 1677, in the eightieth year of his age, and was buried in Croydon Church. From the time of his accession to the see of London to that of his decease, it appears by his book of accounts, he had expended upon public, pious, and charitable uses, no less than sixty-six thousand pounds. Much of this money was appropriated to the relief of the necessitous in the time of the plague. His benevolent heart, public spirit, prudent conduct, and exemplary piety, merited the highest and most conspicuous station in the church. Z)r. Humphrey Henchman was the son of Thomas Henchman, of London, Skinner, and was born in the parish of St. Giles's, Cripplegate/ His father was a native of Wellingborough in North- amptonshire, in which county his family had been resi- dent a long time. At an early age he was sent to Clare Hall in the University of Cambridge, of which college he afterwards became Fellow. In 1622 he was preferred to the chantership of Salis- bury, and in 1628 to a prebendal stall in the same cathedral. Having been instrumental to the escape t A. Wood. Athen. Oxqn. OF FULHAM. 233 of Charles II.* after the battle of Worcester, at the restoration of that monarch he was nominated to the see of Salisbury on the translation of Dr. Duppa to Winchester, and in 1663 succeeded Archbishop Shel- don in the see of London. Soon after his removal he was made Lord Almoner. He was much esteemed for his wisdom and pru- dence, and his strict adherence to the Protestant cause. In 1672, when the declaration for liberty of conscience was published, he was much alarmed, and strictly enjoined his clergy to preach against Popery, though it gave great offence to the King, his example being followed by the other bishops. He was editor of the " Gentleman's Calling;" sup- posed to be written by the author of The Whole Duty of Man." He died at his house in Aldersgate-street, London, and was buried at Fulhani.^ Henry Compton, Bishop of London, one of the most eminent prelates that ever sat in that see, was the sixth and youngest son of Spencer, second Earl of North- ampton, and was born at Compton, in 1632.^ His ^ Charles, in his endeavours to reach the sea-coast, passed through Heale, near Salisbury, where he was met by Dr. Hench- man. The King remained here concealed for six days, and was then conducted by the Doctor to Clarendon Park, a few miles on his journey, until he met some other friends, ' jEcAflrrf, b. iii. ch. 1, ^ See his Epitaph, p. 95. 3 Wood's Athen. Oxon. vol. ii. p. 968. CoUins's Peerage, voh iii. p. 148. 234 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT father being slain at Hopton Heath in 1643, he was deprived of that paternal care so necessary at that tender age ; however, he received an education suitable to his quality, and, on leaving school, in 1649, he was entered a nobleman of Queen's College, Oxford, where he continued till l65Q. He then set out on his travels, and remained a con- siderable time abroad in France and Italy. After the restoration, Mr. Compton returned to England, and accepted a cornet's commission in the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards, commanded by Aubrey de Vere, Earl of Oxford ; but not having much inclination for a military life, he soon after resigned his commission, and following the advice of his friends, went to Cam- bridge in 166 J,' where he took the degree of Master of Arts^"" and entered into holy orders. His first preferment in the church appears to have been the rectory of Cottenham, in Cambridgeshire. In 1667, he was constituted Master of the hospital of St Cross, near Winchester; and in 1669, was installed Canon of Christy Church ; and soon after took the de- gree of Doctor of Divinity in that university. Advanc- ing in the King's favour and esteem, in 1674 he was nominated to the see of Oxford ; in the following year, he was made Dean of the Chapel Royal ; and on the death of Bishop Henchman, w^as translated to the see of London. The education of the Princesses Mary and Anne was committed to his care, which important trust he discharged to the universal satisfaction of tiic ' Cantab. Graduati Cat^logus. * He was incorporated M>A. at Oxford, in 1666. OF FULHAM. 235 nation ; and he afterwards had the honour to perform the marriage-ceremony to both these Princesses, He most strenuously opposed Popery, when it was gaining ground under the favour and influence of the Duke of York ; and this was remembered and resented when that Prince ascended the throne. He was flrst dismissed from the council, and in 1685 put out from the deanery of the Chapel Royal. In 1686, having refused to suspend Dr. Sharp, minister of St Giles in the Fields/ who had preached a sermon displeasing to the King, he was cited before the new eccclesiasti- cal commission, and was suspended from the execu- tion of his episcopal office during his Majesty's plea- sure,^ notwithstanding the interposition of the Princess of Orange, who wrote to the King in his favour ; and the Bishops of Durham, Rochester, and Peterborough, were appointed commissioners to exercise ecclesiasti- cal jurisdiction within the diocese of London during his suspension. While he was thus sequestered in his retirement at Fulham, he amply gratified himself in his favourite amusement of gardening, to a taste for which he joined a real and scientific knowledge of plants, an attainment not usual among the great of those days ; and during a long residence of thirty-eight years, was enabled, finally, to collect a greater number of green- house rarities, and to plant a greater variety of hardy exotic trees and shrubs, than had been seen in any garden in England. This repository was ever open to * Afterwards Archbishop of York, ^ Wellwopd's Mem. p« 175. Q36 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT the inspection of the curious and scientific ; and we find Ray^ Petiver, and Plunkenet, in numerous in- stances, acknowledging the assistance they received from the free communication of rare plants out of his garden. Many of Plunkenet's figures were engraved from specimens out of the bishop's garden, and some from a book of drawings in his possession, quoted under the name of Codex ComptoniensisJ In 1688 the Prince of Orange being about to make his expedition into England, the bishop was released from his suspension, and in conjunction with many other noble persons, immediately applied himself in concerting measures for bringing the prince over, and heartily endeavoured to promote his interest. The first share he had in the ensuing; Revolution was, together with the Earl of Dorset, conveying safe from London to Nottingham the Princess Anne. Nor was he only one of the most instrumental in the Revo- lution, but also the most zealous in promoting the settlement of it."" In February, 1689, he was sworn of the Privy Council, and restored to the deanery of the Chapel Royal ; and was afterwards chosen by King William to perform the ceremony of the Coronation. The same year he was constituted one of the commissioners for revising the Liturgy; in the execution of which he laboured with great zeal and earnestness to reconcile the Dissenters to the church. In I69I he attended the King to the congress at the Hague. ' Pulteoey's Anec. of Botany, vol. ii. p. 107. Ray's Hist, of Plants, vol. ii, ' Burnet's Hist. p. 792. OF FULHAM. 237 But, notwithstanding the great part he acted in the Revohition, and his subsequent services, no sooner had the storm subsided, but jealousies were infused, and calumnies dispersed, to supplant and undermine him; insomuch, that though the metropolitan see of Canter- bury was twice vacant in that reign, and to which he strongly expected to be promoted, yet he still conti- nued Bishop of London. However, he went on con- sistently, enjoying the high esteem and intimacy of Queen Mary, which he preserved to her dying day, nor did he obtain much influence at Court till towards the end of Queen Anne's reign. Having been some time afflicted with the gout and stone, it turned, at last, to a complication of disorders, which, added to an accidental fall, put an end to his life at Fulham, July 7, 1713, in the 81st year of his age. His body was interred in the church-yard, according to his par- ticular direction, for he used to say, " the church was for the living, and the church-yard for the dead/' The bishop was never married. He was a true son and brave champion of the church, and a most muni- ficent benefactor to it ; whatever imperfections there might be in his character, he was allowed to be one of the best bred men of his time, courteous and affable, always easy of access^ and ready to do good offices. In his friendship, he was constant, of the most public spirit, never selfish, nor afraid nor concerned at dan- ger. He was emphatically styled the Protestant Bishop," for the noble stand he made in defence of the rights of the church in the reign of James H., when spirit and resolution were much more necessary than 238 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT learning. Of his spirit, the following is a remarkable instance : King James discoursing with him on some tender point, was so little pleased with his answers, that he told him, he talked more like a colonel than a bishop;" to which he replied, '^that his Majesty did him honour in taking notice of his having formerly drawn his sword in defence of the constitution, and that he should do the same again, if he lived to see it necessary/ But he w^as particularly eminent for his unbounded charity and beneficence ; no one more strict and regu- lar in his private devotions ; no one more frequent in the service of the church. As a bishop, he was not only blameless, but a pattern of good behaviour in every respect. By his death, the church lost a most excellent prelate ; the kingdom, a brave and able statesman ; the Protestant religion, its ornament and refuge; and the w^hole Christian world, an eminent example of virtue and piety. Dr. John Robinson was born at Cleasby, in York- shire, November 7, 1650, and was educated in the university of Oxford, where he became Fellow of Oriel College/ About the year 1683, he accompanied the * Granger's Biog. Hist, of England, vol. iv. p. 284. ^ Sir Wm. Wyvill, taking a liking to him, sent and maintained him at Oxford, where he was entered a Servitor at Brazen Nose, and afterwards became a Fellow of Oriel College. MS. Note of Mr. Browne Willis, entered into his Survey of Bristol Cathedral. Coles MSS. vol. xxx. Brit. Mus. \ OF FULHAM, 239 British Ambassador to Sweden as Domestic Chaplain. His talents for business soon recommended him to his patron, on whose return to England Dr. Robinson was left at the court of Sweden as resident; he was soon after appointed Envoy, and at length Ambassador- Here he remained till 1708, having represented seve- ral sovereigns. On his return to his native country, Queen Anne made him Prebend of Canterbury, Dean of Windsor, and Registrar of the Noble Order of the Garter; and in 1710 he was raised to the bishopric of Bristol. He was much consulted by the Earl of Oxford, who, finding his capacity so great, and his knowledge as a statesman so general, resolved to have him of the Privy Council; accordingly, in 1711, he was made Lord Privy Seal. In 1713 the bishop was selected as one of the Pleni- potentiaries at the treaty of Utrecht. On the death of Bishop Compton he was translated to the see of Lon- don ; and he continued in such high favour with the Queen, that, in the event of Archbishop Tenison's death, her Majesty intended to have advanced him to the chair of Canterbury. He died at Fulham the 11th of April, 1723, leaving no issue, though he had been twice married. His first wife was the daughter of William Langton, Esq. ; and his second, Emma, daugh- ter of Sir Job Charlton, a Judge of the Common Pleas, and widow of Thomas Cornwallis, Esq. : this lady was buried at Fulham, Jan. 26th, 1747-8.' Very opposite characters have been drawn of this prelate, as his advancement was as obnoxious to the * Noble's Cont. Granger, vol.ii, p. 80, 240 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT low, as it was pleasing to the high church party. He owed much of his celebrity to his Account of Sweden as it was in 1688," which is now generally printed with Lord Molesworth's Account of Denmark. Dean Swift, who knew him well, has thus described him : " He was a little brown man, of a grave and venerable countenance, very charitable and good-humoured, strictly religious himself, and took what care he could to make others so ; he was very careful of whatever he undertook. Divinity and policy had pretty equally divided his time ; and as few, if any, had made a bet- ter progress in either of them, so he could not but be always an ornament as well as an advantage to his country.'" Bishop Robinson obtained permission, as we have before mentioned, to take down the useless buildings in the palace at Fulham. He founded and endowed a free school in his native place; and in 1718 he gave 2500/. to Oriel College for augmenting the fellowships and scholarships,* besides a considerable sum towards a new building. He also presented to the Physic- garden, at Oxford, many curious exotic plants from his gardens at Fulham.^ Edmund Gibson^ one of the worthiest and most learned prelates of his time, was born, in 1669, at Knipe, or Bampton, in Westmoreland, and at the age of 17 became a Servitor of Queen's College^ Oxford;^ ^ MSS. Notes on Macky's Characters, Gent. Mag. Aug. 1784. * Godwin de Prsesul, p. 199. ^ Dr. Rawlinson's MSS. Bodleian Library. OF FULHAM. 241 where he had a brother, who became Provost of the college, and who married the sister of Edward Alex- ander, Esq. of Babraham, in the county of Cambridge/ He had a natural inclination to researches into the antiquities of his country; and having laid a necessary foundation for such researches in the original languao-es of it, he applied himself for some years thereto with the greatest diligence, and his abilities soon became eminently conspicuous. Having introduced himself into the knowledge of Dr. Thomas Tenison, Arch- bishop of Canterbury, by dedicating to him some of his publications, he was, soon after, honoured with the appointment of Domestic Chaplain to that prelate, and made Librarian at Lambeth ; and by the munifi- cence of the same patron, he afterwards obtained the Precentorship of Chichester; in 1703, the Rectory of Lambeth ; and in 1710, the Archdeaconry of Surry. In December, 1715, he was consecrated Bishop of Lincoln on the promotion of Dr. Wake to the Pri- macy; and in 1723, he was translated to the see of London. Dr. Gibson had a particular genius for business, and his talents were well suited to the duties and difficulties of the important station he held. He governed his own diocese with the most exact regularity ; and on the occasion of the long decline of health of body and vigour of mind of Archbishop Wake, the whole care of the English church was, for several years, in a great measure, vested in him. He had expectations of succeeding to the Primacy, but * This gentleman, in 1742, took the name of Bennet. Cole's MSS, Brit. Mus. vol. xxx. R 242 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT having given umbrage to the minister, Sir Robert Walpole, by opposing the Quaker's bill, that prospect entirely vanished, and his influence at court consider- ably declined. However, the discouragements he met with were not able to disturb his vigilant and steady attention to the duties of his pastoral office. He addressed several letters, both to the clergy and laity, in opposition to infidelity and enthusiasm, and pub- lished several sermons and tracts against the prevailiiig immoralities of the age. Few men have lived in so munificent yet prudent a manner; and the generosity of his disposition was shewn in numerous instances. One thing ought par- ticularly to be mentioned to the honour of Bishop Gibson, w^ho, when he had a legacy left him by Dr. Crew, who had been preferred by him, of between 3 or 4000/., generously gave it among that Doctor's poor relations.' The bishop died at Bath, September 6, 1748, aged 79, and w^as buried at Fulham. He married the sister of the wife of Dr. Bettesworth, Dean of the Arches, who died suddenly in her chair, December 28, 1741, and by whom he had several children. Two of his sons were educated at Eton, and one died while a student at Clare Hall, Cambridge, and was buried in St. Edward's church there. One of the bishop's daughters married Dr. Christopher Wilson, Fellow of Catharine Hall, Cambridge, and afterward Pre- bendary of Westminster and St. Paul's, and Rector of Halsted, in Essex, and who, in 1783, was advanced ' Coles MSS. Brit. Mus. vol. xxx. ^ Ibid.. \ OP FULHAM. to the bishopric of Bristol. He died in 1792, and Avas buried at Fulham. Besides several other topographical and antiquarian works, Bishop Gibson translated Camden's Britannia in 1695, and again, with large additions, in 1722, which still retains a respectable character, though it has been, in a great measure, superseded by the improved edition of Mr. Gough. His " Codex Juris Ecclesiastici Ayiglicaniy" gained him great credit. A Life of Cromwell has also been attributed to him, and with great probability, as he was allied to the Protec- torate family by the marriage of his uncle, Dr. Thomas Gibson, Physician- General to the army, with Anne, a daughter of Richard Cromwell.^ In the correspondence attached to Mr. Coxe's Life of Sir Robert Walpole, are several letters of Bishop Gibson. Dr. Thomas Sherlock^ a learned and exemplary prelate, was the son of Dr. William Sherlock, Dean of St. Paul's, and was born in the year 1678. He was sent to Catharine Hall, Cambridge, where he took his degrees, and of which college he became Master. He very early distinguished himself for deep and extensive learning ; and on the resignation of his father, was made Master of the Temple, a high and dignified situation, which, it is remarkable, was held by th'fe father and son, successively, for more than seventy years. In 1728 Dr. Sherlock was nominated to the see of Bangor, and translated from thence to Salisbury in 1734. In 1747, on the death of Dr. Potter, he was ^ Noble's Life of Cromweil, vol. i. p. 193. R2 244 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT offered the archbishopric of Canterbury, which he declined on account of his ill state of health ; but, in the following year, he succeeded Bishop Gibson in the ^ see of London. In three or four years after his eleva- tion, his bodily infirmities increased so much as nearly to deprive him of the use of his limbs, though his mental faculties continued in their full vigour ; and in this state he remained for many years. Mr. Cumber- land, whose father was at this time Rector of Fulham, has thus described the bishop's unfortunate situation : Bishop Sherlock was yet living, and resided in the palace, but in the last stage of bodily decay. The ruins of that luminous and powerful mind were still venerable, though his speech was almost unintelligible, and his features cruelly disarranged and distorted by the palsy : still his genius was alive, and his judgment discriminative ; for it was in this lamentable state, that he performed the task of selecting sermons for the last volume he committed to the press, and his high reputation was in no respect lowered by the selection. I had occasionally the honour of being admitted to visit that great man in company with my father, to whom he was uniformly kind and gracious, and in token of his favour bestowed on him a small prebend in the church of St. Paul, the only one that became vacant within his time. ^' Mrs. Sherlock was a truly respectable woman, and my mother enjoyed much of her society till the bishop's death brought a successor in his place." ' He died very generally lamented on the ISthof July, 1761, in the eighty- fourth year of his age. Bishop * Memoirs of Richard Cumberland, vol. i. p. 180, OF FULHAM. 245 Sherlock was a man of very extensive learning; he possessed a great and understanding mind, a quick, comprehensive, and a solid judgment ; which natural advantages he improved by much industry and appli- cation. His skill in the canon and civil law was very considerable, to which he added such a knowledge of the common law, as few clergymen attain to. His piety was constant and exemplary, and breatlied the true spirit of the Gospel. His zeal was warm and fervent in explaining the great doctrines and duties of Christianity, and in maintaining and establishing it upon the most solid and sure foundation. He was at the head of the opposition against Bishop Hoadly, during which controversy he published several Tracts. On occasion of the earthquake in 1750, he wrote an excellent pastoral letter to the clergy and inhabitants of his diocese, of which it is said that no less than one hundred thousand copies were sold. His " Discourses on Prophecy" have been justly ad- mired, and have gone through several editions. His father lived in more difficult times, had much to strug- gle with, and perhaps had more of labour in his com- position. The son was more bright and brilliant, and carried a greater compass of thought and genius along with him. The one wrote with great care and circum- spection, as having many adversaries to contend with ; the other with greater ease and freedom, as rising superior to all opposition. Indeed the son had much the advantage of his father, in respect to the time and other circumstances of his life, not to say, what we K 3 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT believe must be owned by ali, that his natural abilities and talents were much greater/ He bequeathed the whole of his valuable library to Catharine Hall, the place of his education, and be- stowed a considerable sum in founding a scholarship and place of librarian in that college. Bishop Sherlock built the dining-room, repaired the hall, and laid out large sums in embellishing and adorning the palace at Fulham, D7\ Thomas Hayter^ Subdean of York, and Pre- bend of Westminster, was in 1749 preferred to the see of Norwich ; and on the death of Bishop Sherlock, in 176], was translated to London, but enjoyed his advancement a short time, as he died in the following year, and was buried at Fulham. Bishop Hayter was a very worthy man, had heen, Chaplain to Archbishop Blackburne, who left him a large fortune. He was an Oxford man, but took his Doctor's degree at Cambridge, and died a batchelor. He had been preceptor to the present King when Prince of Wales, but on some falling out of the ministry, he and Lord Harcourt were laid aside to the general dissatisfaction of the nation. The disorder that killed him m as the dropsy/ Z)r. Richard Osbaldeston^ Dean of York, was in 1747 promoted to the bishopric of Carlisle, and ii\ 1762 translated to this see. He was educated at » See his Funeral Sermon, by Dr. Nichols. * Cole's MSS. Brit. Mus. vol, xx-k,. OF FULHAM. 247 St John's College, Cambridge, where he took his Doctor's degree in divinity iii 17^6/ He recovered 1,500/. from his predecessor's family for dilapidation, and in return bequeathed by his Will 1000/. to his successor, to be laid out on the buildings belonging to the see. The bishop died in 1764, and v^as buried at Hunmanby in Yorkshire, the seat of his family.^ Dr. Richard Terrick was educated at Clare Hall, in the University of Cambridge, where he became Fellow.^ In 1736 he was preacher at the Rolls Chapel, and in 1741 made Canon of Windsor. In 1757 he was promoted to the bishopric of Peterborough, and translated to London in 1764. He died in 1777. Bishop Terrick married a daughter of Mr. Waller of Yorkshire, by whom he had a daughter, who married Nathaniel Ryder, Esq., afterwards created Baron of Harrowby in the county of Lincoln. This gentleman was the son and heir of Sir Dudley Ryder, Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench ; who having directed by his Will, that his son should not marry any person who had not 10,000/., Mr. Ryder sent the lady a present of this sum before marriage, to enable himself to accomplish it."^ Another daughter married Dr. Anthony Hamilton, Vicar of this parish, in 1763, and afterwards Vicar of St. Martin's in the Fields, and Rector of Hadham, in the county of Herts. The bishop removed the chapel in the palace at ' Catalogus Graduati Cantab. ^ Cole's MSS. Brit. Mus. vol. xxx. 3 Catalogus Graduati Cantab. ^ Cole's MSS. Brit. Mus. vol. :jixx, li 4 ^48 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Fulham to its present situation, fitted it up, and repaired several other parts of the building. He published several single sermons on public occasions. Dr. Robert Lowth, Bishop of London, was the second son of the Rev. William Lowth, Rector of Bur- ton in Hampshire. He was educated at Winchester School, from whence he removed to New College^ Oxfoi-d, of which he became a Fellow. He proceeded A.M. in 1737, was appointed Poetry Professor at Oxford in 1742, collated Archdeacon of Winchester in 1750, and took his Doctor's degree in Divinity in 1754.' He afterwards accompanied the Duke of Devon- shire to the Continent, and on his return home became a Prebendary of Durham and Rector of Ledgefield in that diocese. In 1765 he was appointed Bishop of St. David's, and in September of the following year, was translated to Oxford. In 1777 he succeeded to the see of London on the death of Bishop Terrick, The public expectation, although highly raised, was not disappointed on his elevation. In every branch of classical literature, and particularly in the Hebrew, he had long been distinguished, and the more enlarged scope of action now assigned to him, whether consi- dered in regard to his writings, or to the conduct of his life, served only to stimulate that indefatigable zeal which he shewed at all times for the public good. Bishop Lowth ranks among the foremost of the illustrious characters who have filled the episcopal • Gent, Mag. 1787- OF FULHAM. 249 chair of London. To classical attainments, the most extensive, he joined private worth, accompanied by true piety. One of the first scholars of the age, eloquent as profound, his pen was chiefly directed to two objects ; the first and principal, to translate and illustrate the inspired Hebrew wTiters ; and, secondly, to give an Institute of English Grammar, and thereby to fix our language on just principles; this work, which was published in 1762, forms, from the effects which have resulted from it, an epocha in the language and litera- ture of this country. His lordship was unavoidably engaged in various literary controversies, in which he generally main- tained the superiority by his learning and ability, and disarmed all acrimony by his mildness, moderation, and liberality ; being, as he himself expresses, in a letter to Bishop Warburton, a true lover of peace and quiet, of mutual candour and benevolence. The works of this great scholar are nunierous, and principally on theological subjects. His last pro- duction appeared in 1778, under the title of " Isaiah ; a new translation, with a Preliminary Dissertation, and Notes critical, philosophical, and explanatory." He died at the episcopal palace of Fulham in 1787, after a long and painful illness brought on by intense study, and supported throughout with Christian forti- tude and resignation. Dr. Beilby Porteus was the youngest of nineteen children, and was born at York on the 8th of May, 1731, His parents were natives of Virginia in North 250 HISTOlilCAL ACCOUNT AiDerica, from whence they removed into England, and fixed themselves in the city of York in 1720. At the age of thirteen he was placed under the care of Mr. Hyde of Rippon^ from whence he removed to Cambridge, and was admitted a Sizar of Christ's College. At the age of twenty-six he took orders, and married, in 1765, the eldest daughter of Bryan Hodgson, Esq. In the same year he was presented by the Archbishop of Canterbury to the livings of Rucking and Withersham in Kent. He soon became deservedly celebrated by his eloquence in the pulpit; and by his abilities, and strict attention to his duty, rendered himself too conspicuous to remain long unnoticed. Accordingly in 1776 he was promoted to the bishopric of Chester; and in the same year he distinguished himself by his exertions to procure a piore solemn observance of the Fast of Good Friday. In 1787 he w^as translated to the see of London, w4iich important station he supported with great ability and zeal, during the dreadful crisis of the French Revolution. His lordship's residence at Fulham was distinguished by his constant and unwearied attention to the wants of the poor, and particularly to their instruction by the establishment of Sunday Schools ; by his mild and unassuming manners, and by his ready aid to any work of benevolence and charity. Of those excellent institutions, the Sunday Schools, be was the principal founder ; and to his advice and assistance may be ascribed their general formation in the diocese of London. OF FULHAM. 251 The mildness of his private character accompanied him into public life ; he was easy of access, indulgent in the exercise of his episcopal functions, and ever ready to believe in others, the pure, honest, and upright motives by which he himself was at all times actuated. The recent " Life of Bishop Porteus, by the Rev. Mr. Hodgson,'' precludes us from saying more ; we refer our readers to that work, and have only to add that these observations are the result of our own knowledge and feelings, arising from a long residence on the spot. This amiable prelate died at Fulham on the 14th of May, 1809, and was buried in the church-yard of Sunbridge, in Kent. The bishop bequeathed his books to the see, and directed by his Will, that the profits of a complete edition of his works, after deducting the sum of 100/, each to the three trustees appointed by him to super- intend the publication, should become the ground- work of a fund for the purpose of erecting a new Library at Fulham Palace. The copyright of the bishop's works, edited by the Rev. Robert Hodgson, with his Life prefixed, has been sold for the sum of 750/.^ Dr. John Rcmdolph^ Regius Professor of Divinity in the University of Oxford, and Canon of Christ Church, was preferred to the bishopric of Oxford iq 1799, translated to Bangor in 1807, and translated tq this see in I8O9. » Lysons, Supp. p. 145. 252 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT CHAPTER VIII. Historical Events, Fulham, jincient Homes. Th e earliest historical event relating to this parish is the arrival of the Danes here in the year 879. In order to elucidate this event, which has been particularly noticed by several of our ancient historians, it may be useful to refer to that remote period of our annals. The frequent inroads of the Danes held every part of the country in continual alarm^, and the inhabitants of one county durst not give assistance to those of another, lest their own family and property should in the mean time be exposed by their absence to the fury of these barbarous ravao;ers. All orders of men were involved in this calamity; and the Priests and Monks, who had been commonly spared in the domestic quarrels of the heptarchy, were the chief objects on which the Danish idolators exercised their rage and animosity. Every season of the year was dangerous, and the absence of the enemy was no reason why any man could esteem himself a moment in safety. Alfred the Great having at length defeated the Danes, and brought them to submission, incorporated them with the English, and converted them to Chris- tianity ; they were all admitted to baptism. The king answered for their chief at the font, gave him the name of Athelstan, and received him as his adopted sun. OF FULHAM. ^53 The success of this expedient seemed to correspond with Alfred's hopes : the greater part of the Danes settled peaceably in their new quarters : some smaller bodies of the same nation, which were dispersed ' in Mercia, were distributed into the five cities of Derby, Leicester, Stamford, Lincoln, and Nottingham, and were thence called Fif, or Fife-burghers." During the negociation which Alfred had been carrying on, another swarm of Danish rovers, from beyond the seas, sailed up the Thames, and landed at Fulham, where they remained the whole winter ; and in the following year, finding the country in a posture of defence, being joined by the turbulent and unquiet part of their countrymen, retreated to their ships, and passed over into France and Flanders/ »- An. DCCCLXXIX. Hoc anno profecti sunt Pagani ad Cyren- ceaster ad Cippenham et ibi Commorati sunt uno anno. Eodem item anno in unum coacta est cohors paganorum (in hibernis) resi- dit apud Fullanhame, juxta Tamesin. Hoc anno discesserunt pagani de Cyrenceaster in orientalem Angliam, eamque terram incoluerunt ac diviserunt. Eodem etiam anno, perrexerunt Pa- gani, qui olim in Fullanham commorati fuerunt transmare in Franciam ad Gandavum et ibi manserunt uno anno.^ Anno DCCCLXXIX. Novus Paganorum exercitus in Angliam veniens mansit in Fullanham juxt2i fluvium Tamesiae.''^ Anno DCCCLXXIX. Saepe memoratus Paganorum exercitus k Cirenceastre ut promiserat egressus ad orientales accessit Anglos, ipsamque regionem dividentes inhabitare caeperunt. Ipso quoque anno immensus venit Paganorum exercitus de ultramarinis clima- * Hume, vol. i. p. 83. ^ Ecliard, vol. i. p. 84. 2^Chr^ n con Saxon, k Gibson, Oxon, MDCXCII. * Chronicon de Mailros. Gale. Script, post Bedam, vol. i.p,144. 254 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT tibus in Tamensi fluvio, qui adunatus est supradicto cuneo com- plices efFecti quod pravorum est. Preedictus paganorum exercitus eodem anno transraarinus quoque regiones adiit, et apud Gant uno anno demoratus est.* Anno Domini DCCCLXXix et regni Aluredi vij Dacorum exer- citus, sicut Aluredi promiserat urbes de Chipenham et Cirecestre quae sunt ad meridiem Wicciorum deserentes ad orientales Anglos se transtulerunt ubi magnas Dacorum exercitus de transmarinis partibus per Karolum regem Franciae, qui partes suas intraverunt, fugatus, advenit et apud Fullanham reliquo Dacorum exercitus s^ adjunxit.^ Anno 878 prsiedictus Paganorum exercitus Scippenhame ut pro- miserat Cyrencestre adiit, ibique uno permansit anno. Eodem vero anno immensus Paganorum exercitus venit de transmarinis partibus in Tamesi fluvio et praedicto se cuneo sociavit. Anno 879, Paganorum exercitus de Syrencestre, egressus ad orientales Anglos accessit ipsamque regionem dividentes inhabitare caeperunt Pagani qui in insula Hame, biemavebant. Franciam visitare caeperunt etapud Gent uno anno perendinaverunt.^ Alfredi anno octavo ivit exercitus praedictus a Chipenham ad Cyrencestre et ibi hyemavit in pace. Eodem anno Wincigi, colle- gerunt novum exercitum et manserunt apud Fulenham juxta Tamesin. Anno vero sequente exercitus praedictus regis Godrum recessit a Cyrenceastre et pervenit in Eastangliam et terram illam obtinuit et divisit. Eodem Anno exercitus, qui fuit apud Fulenham mare transit et ad Gant uno anno permansit."^ In the year 1642, in the beginning of November, while messages were ineffectually passing between the ' Simon Dunelmensis Historia de Gestis Regum Anglorum, p. 146, 147. * Chronicon Joannis Bromton Abbatis Jornalensis. Col. 812. ^ Roger de Hoveden Annalium, pars prior, p. 234. Hen. Huntingdon, p. 350, inter Scriptores post Bedam. I OF FULHAM. King and the Parliament, the King marched with his whole arm}'' to Colebrook, and on the 1 1th of the month advanced to Brentford ; the fact is thus related by Lord Clarendon.' So the King marched with his whole army towards Brentford, where were two regiments of their best foot, for so they were accounted, being those who had eminently behaved themselves at Edge Hill, having barricadoed the narrow avenues of the town, and cast up some little breast-works at the most convenient places. Here a Welsh regiment of the King s, which had been faulty at Edge Hill, recovered its honour, and assaulted the works, and forced the barricadoes, well defended by the enemy. Then the King's forces entered the town, after a very warm service ; the chief officers, and many soldiers of the other side, being killed ; and they took there above 500 prisoners, eleven colours, and fifteen pieces of cannon, and good store of ammunition. But this victory, for consider- ing the place it might well be called so, proved not at all fortunate to his Majesty. The Parliament being much alarmed, ordered the Trained Bands of London to reinforce the Earl of Essex, whose army now amounted to 24,000 men. With this force, the Earl advanced to Turnham Green, where the two armies were drawn up facing each other for some hours. In the evening, however, the King drew off his army and retreated to Kingston, while that of the Earl of Essex remained at Turnham Green, Fulham, and in the neighbourhood. Ludlow * Vol.ii. p. 57. 256 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT says, ^^The enemy took up their head- quarters at Kingston, where, by the advantage of the bridge over the Thames, they hoped to be able, though inferior in number, to defend themselves against a more nume- rous army if they should be attacked, and to put in execution any design they might have upon the City and places adjacent. To prevent which, our general caused a bridge of boats to be laid over the river between Putney and Battersea, which was no sooner finished than the enemy retired to Oxford."* The newspapers of the time have also thus recorded the circumstance : " Information was given that a bridge was making over the Thames, with flat-bottomed boates, from Fulham to Putney, that the Lord Gene- rail's forces might march over the river into Surry, and be ready to attend the King upon all removes/' ^ The L'ord-Generall hath caused a bridge to be built upon barges and lighters over the river Thames, between Fulham and Putney, to convey his army and artillery over into Surry, to follow the King's forces ; and he hath ordered that forts shall be erected at each end thereof to guard it ; but for the present, the seamen with long boats and shallops, full of ordi- nance and musketeers, lie there upon the river to secure it."^ The site where this bridge was constructed is in the grounds now occupied by Col. Torrens and J. Bow- den, Esq. ; on the Putney side of the river, the Tetc ' Ludlow's Memoirs, vol. i. p. 54. * Perfect.Diurnall, November 15, 1642. ^ Memorable Accidents, Tuesday, 15 November, 1642. OF FULHAM. . 257 ilu Ponf IS still plainly discernable, and of which we have given a correct representation. In the year 1647, when the kingdom was divided into three parties, equally jealous of each other, Cromwell resolving to watch the measures of the Par- liament, and at the same time to keep an eye over the King, who was then at Hampton Court, fixed the head quarters of the army at Putney, to which place they removed from Kingston on the ^7th of August. The quarters of the General Officers are thus set down in a newspaper of that time, printed by autho- rity of Parliament. " This day the General removed the head-quarters to Putney, part of the army at further distance than before. The quarters for the General Officers thus : The Generall, at Mr. Wimmersells, the High She- rifFe, at Putney. Lieut.-Generall, at Mr. Bonhunts, at Putney. Commissioners- General, at Mr. Campion's, at Putney. Lieut.-General of Ordnance and the Treasurer, at Mr. Curley s, at Putney, ; S S58 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Col. Rainsborough, at Mr. Rainsborough's, at Ful- ham. Col. Hammond, at Mr. Terries, at Fulham. Col. Fleetwood, at Mr. Martin's, in Putney. ^ Col. Sir Hardres Waller, at Mr. Hill's, in Fulham. Col. Stroope and Col. Tomkins, at Mr. Herbert's, in Fulham. Col. Trucleday, at Mr. John Wolwerston's^ at Ful- ham. Col. Rich, at Mr. Porter s, in Putney. Scoutmaster-Geh., at Mr. Hubben's, at Putney. Qr.-Mr.-Gen. and Commiss.-Generdl of Musters, at Major Cumberland's, in Putney. Lieut.-Col. Cowell, at Mr. Deuk's, in Putney. Col. Porter, at Mr. Seares', in Fulhani. Adjutant- Gen. of Foote, at Mr. Snowe's, in Fulham, Adjutant-Gen. of Horse, at Mr. Cox, in the Parke. Judge Advocate, at Mr. George Sniith's, Putney. Phisitions aiid Apothecaries, at Mr. Dashwood's, in Mortlake. Com.-Gen. of Victuals, at Mr. White's, at Putney. Commissary of Provinder, at Mr. Northall's, in More Clarke. Chyrurgions and Martial-Generall, at Mr. Potter Fenn's, in Putney. Agitators, at Hammersmith.'* Letters from head-quarters, dated at Putney this day, thus : The King's Majesty keeps court yet at Hampton; the Dukes at Syon House; the Prince Elector at OF FULHAM. 259 Richmond ; the Duke of York, with the Lords, were hunting in the new Parke at Richmond, where was good sport. The King cheerful, and much company there ; after which, his Majestic dined with his chil- dren at Sion House, and returned to Hampton Court. I could wish the soldiers had money to pay their quarters." Lord Clarendon's account is in the following words.' " The army of horse, foot, and cannon, marched the next day through the City, which, upon the desire of the Parliament, undertook forthwith to supply an hun- dred thousand pounds for the payment of the army, without the least disorder, or doing the lest damage to any person, or giving any disrespective word to any man, by which they attained the reputation of being in excellent discipline, and that both officers and sol- diers were men of extraordinary temper and sobriety. So they marched over London Bridge into Southwark, and to those quarters to which they were assigned ; some regiments were quartered in Westminster, the Strand, and Holborn, under pretence of being a guard to the Parliament, but intended as a guard upon the City. The General's head-quarters were at Chelsey, and the rest of the army quartered between Hampton Court and London, that the King might be well looked to ; and the council of officers and agitators sate constantly and formally at Fulham and Putney, to provide that no other settlement should be made for the Govern- « Vol. iii. p. 51. s 2 $60 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT ment of the kingdom than what they should well approve." It is also thus recorded in the newspapers of the day: The whole army this day advanced nearer to London; the General removed his head-quarters from Thistle worth, came to Hammersmith^ and at the ende of the town was met by the Commissioners of the Gity^ who assured him that the Gity were well satisfied upon the agreement of his Excellencies ad- vance, that the fortes, from Giles to thp water- side, were acquitted by them, and delivered to the forces sent by his Excellency, who now had guard of them, and they desired of his Excellency an answer to their last letter, whereupon his Excellency returned back to Sir Nicholas Grispe's house, where ai. letter was agreed upon^ as follows My Lords and Gentlemen, I am very glad to find so ready a compliance in answer to my last desire sent to the Gommon Gouncell, and have accordingly given order for three regiments of foot, and two, of horse, to possesse those forts you mention in your last, and to lye thereabouts. I am with the rest of the army marched unto Hamniersmith, in order to the security of the Lords and Gommons. On Friday his Excellency returned to his late quarters at riammersmith. While Fairfax had his quarters at Sir Nicholas * Perfect Diurnall, Aug. 5, 1647. ^ Kingdom's Weekly Intelligencer, Wednesday, Aug. 4, 1647. OF FULHAM. 261 Crispe's, the following remarkable circumstance is related to have occurred : " A Cooke is in the custodey of the Marshall, known to be a shifter, and one that lives by shirking ; he had about a fortnight since used the Lady Crispe's name to his Excellency^ to invite him to dinner at Hammer- smith with the lady, and used Sir Nicholas his name td his lady, for the house. It is said the engagement was by some of France ; but such audacious fellowes deserve to be made examples ; he pretended it to shew^ his skill with small cost, a poore excuse for so great a contempt. This youth is one of Melancholicus the mad priest's disciples," ' The Acts passed in the year 1657, for the security of the Protector's person, were then judged to be highly seasonable, since a new discovery was made of a desperate plot against his life. Miles Syndercombj a leveller, having been cashiered in Scotland, combined with one Cecil and one Toope of Cromwell's Life Guard, to kill the Protector, and were always disapr pointed by wonderful and unexpected accidents. They hired a house at Hammersmith, where the road was narrow, to asssasinate him on his journey from Hamp- ton Court to London. Syndercomb being betrayed by one of the Con- spirators, resolutely denied the plot, but was con- demned upon the statute of the ^^,5th of Edward IIL. The prisoner was found dead upon the very morning appointed for his execution. ^ Perfect Occurrences, Sept, 10, 1647. S 3 262 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Cromwell was very much disturbed at this accident; for, instead of getting an useful confession out of this bold man, as he fully expected, he found himself under the reproach of causing him to be poisoned, as not daring to bring him to public justice ; and though he could not make the particular discovery he expected, he found this general one, that he himself was more odious to his army than he believed he had been/ The particulars of this affair are fully stated in the *^ Several Proceedings at the Tryal of Miles Synder- combe, alias Fish, at the Upper Bench Bar in West- minster Hall, on Monday, Feb. 9, 1656,'"' from which we have extracted the following : " Evidence to prove the Indictment " That they were upon the road five or six times on purpose, and in Hyde Park, with swords and pistols charged, and had notice given them by Toope of his Highnesse coming; that the hinges of Hide Park Gate were fyled off in order to their escape. That they took a house with a banquetting house at Hammersmith, to shoot him w ith guns made on pur- pose to carry ten or twelve bullets at a time ; that Toope was to give notice of his Highnesse passing that way, and at which end of the coach he sat. John CalVs deposition.'" The prisoner, seeing the evidence so clear against him, had nothing material to say for himself by way of defence, yet carried himself very insolently at the bar; and when the court asked him, touching any of the matters proved against him, he would confidently deny w^hat was laid to his charge. * Echard, vol. ii. p. 790. * Public Intelligencer. OF FULHAM. 263 The Sentence. " It is considered by the Court, that the said Miles Syndercomb, alias Fish, be sent from hence to the prison of the Tower of London, from whence he came, and thence be drawn upon a hurdle through the streets of London to Tyburn ; there to be hanged on the gal- lows, untill he be half dead, and then cut dow^n, and his entrails and bowels taken out, and burnt in his ow^n sight, and his body divided into four quarters, and be disposed of as his Highness shall think fit" It is impossible now to ascertain where the house was situated in Hammersmith, which Syndercomb had hired for the purpose of killing the Protector ; but it is supposed to have been an inn, situated at the corner of Golders Lane, near Shepherd's Bush, which was at that time the highway to London, and the road is very narrow at that place. The inn was pulled down about forty years ago. These arp the principal historical events which we have been able to collect relative to this parish ; we now proceed to the description of the town. s 4 $64 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT FULHAM TOWN Consists of several streets, the principal of which is called in the more anqient parish books Fulhayn Street. About the year 1688 it appears to have been deno- minated Bear Street. It extends near half a mile in length from Fulham Bridge towards the London Road. On the east side of this street is situated the Work- house. Adjoining the bridge is a wharf for loading and unloading of goods, which is both narrow and incon- venient, but from its situation incapable of improve- ment. Here is an extensive malt-house, in the occupation of Mr. Willis, who makes 5,000 quarters of malt annually. It contains a cistern capable of wetting 90 quarters of malt. The narrow passage leading from the bridge is called Church Lane, in which is a beautiful cottage fitted up by the late Walsh Porter, Esq., now in the occupation of Lady Hawarden. The back lane runs parallel with the principal street. Burlington House School, the property of Mr. Roy, has been a school for near a century, and was formerly occupied by Mr. Louis Vaslet, a Frenchman, who was buried in Fulham Church-yard.^ Opposite this school are the Alms Houses, &c. At the east end of this lane is the Fulham Pottery, parried on by Mr. White. ' He published a Treatise on Prosody. OF FULHAM. 265 Windsor Street L^ads from J:he high street into the Kings Road. Here jis situat^dj ,tlie Boys' Charity School, and a handsqma house^ in^he occupation of Mrs. Macphaedris, on th^ opposite ^sidQi of the way, i v Mjf usium liow - Is a. plpasant^row of houses in the King's Road, §0 called from, the amenity of its situation, being §urroqnded .with gardens. 'The Fill ham Nurseri/ Extends along the south side of the King's Road, nearly as far as Parson's Green. ^uoi A row' 6f good, heiuses, extending from the High Street to the chureb,^ is called Church Row. At the west end is the Vicarage House, adjoining the church- yard^ already mentioned ; opposite to which is a hand- some house, now^ in the occupation of Mrs. Batsford, as a Seminary for Young Gentlemen. It was built by the late Mr. Skelton, a person formerly of some consequence in this parish, who owed his rise to the following singular circumstance. Being in the service of Bishop Compton as foot-boy, he was the means of detecting a cook who had mixed poison in some broth for the bishop's table, in order to obtain the sooner a legacy which, he had learned, the bishop had bequeathed to him. The fact being discovered, the cook was discharged, and young Skelton was placed ^ith an attorney, as a reward for his fidelity; and b^ Q66 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT diligence, and good fortune, subsequently arrived at consi'lerable property in this parish. Bowack mentions that Robert Limpany, Esq., " whose estate was so considerable in the parish, that he was commonly called Lord of Fulham," resided in a neat house in Church Lane. He died at the age of ninety-four.' He was a merchant of eminence, and a , Liveryman of the Stationers' Company. He possessed considerable property in the town of Fulham, to which he was a great benefactor, and is said never to have instituted any legal process against any of his tenants ; but if any pleaded poverty, he generously forgave them their arrears. He directed by his Will, that all the parishioners should be invited to his funeral. Bowack, speaking of the town in 1705, says : " It seems at present to be in a declining and lan- guishing condition, not but it boasts of a greater number of houses and inhabitants than was known in it formerly, but the buildings are not so magnificent ^s those more ancient, nor is here the many honourable and worthy families at present which used to reside upon this spot. It has been much augmented in number of houses of late, for the dwellings of trades- men, and such as live by their labour, who are chief!}' gardeners, farmers, husbandmen, and watermen ; not that it wants good edifices, and considerable families to ennoble it. The houses of the common people are commonly neat, and well built of brick ; and, from the gate of the Queen's Road, run along on ' Gent. Mag. 1735. OF FULHAM. 267 both sides of the way, almost as far as the church. Also from the Thames side into the town stands an entire rartge of buildings; and upon the passage, leading to the church, called Church Lane, are several very handsome airy houses. But the buildings of this place run furthest towards the north, extending them- selves in a street, through which lies the road a very considerable w^ay towards Hammersmith ; besides there are several other handsome buildinjis towards the east, called the Back Lane, and a great number of gardener's houses scattered in the several remote parts of the parish. " This place being so conveniently seated, both for passage to London and the pleasure of its walks, is filled during the summer season with abundance of citizens and considerable persons ; where, as at its neighbour Putney, and several villages upon the Thames, they are handsomely accommodated with good lodgings to the great advantage of bitants." ' ' Antiquities of Middlesex, p. 40. g68 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT ANCIENT HOUSES. Mr. Lysons, in his account of Fulhaoi; mentions the following ancient houses/ William le Yungeman, by his deed (without date) confirmed a grant of Ralph de Ivinghoe to the Chan- cellor of St. Paul's Cathedral, of a house, garden, and three acres of land in Fulham. A survey of this house and premises was given in to the commissioners for the sale of dean and chapter lands, July 25, 1649. It was then valued at 2/. Os. 8d. per annum, exclusive of the reserved rent, and was sold the same year to Thomas Matthew for the sum of 156/. 6s, 1 ]d. on behalf of Sir Nicholas Crispe, Knt., who was the lessee.'' Warren de Insula, or De Lisle,, who died anno 1383^ was seised of a house in the parish of Fulham (held of John Saundford ) and left an only daughter, Margaret, married to Sir Thomas Berkley. This house, by the name of Lord Lisle's Place, was afterwards the property of the victorious Earl of Warwick, Regent of France, who held it in right of his wife, Elizabeth Lady Lisle, daughter and coheir of Thomas Lord Berkley.^ John Campden and others, anno 1390, sold the reversion of lands and tenements in Fulham, after the death of Margaret, relict of Sir William Walworth, Knt, to William Wickham^ Bishop of Winchester, and others."^ ' Environs, vol. ii. p. 360, 361. ^ Parliament. Surveys, Lambeth MSS. Library. 3 Esch. 17Hen.VL No. 54. ^ CI. 13Ric.lL pt.i. m.li. OF FULHAM. 269 Thomas de Holland, Earl of Kent, who died anno 1397, was seised of a house and fifty acres of land in Fulham, held under the Bishop of London.' Stourton House, now called Fulham House, adjoined the bridge. In the year 1449, John Sherbourn,^ and others, sold a house and garden at Fulham, then valued at 3s. 4d. per anmwi, to John, the first Lord Stourton. His son, AYilliam Lord Stourton, died seised of it in 1478 ; and it probably remained in the possession of this family many years, as in 1533, Anne, a daughter of John Lord Stourton, was buried in the church.^ It is now the property and residence of Mrs. Sharp, the widow of the late W. Sharp, Esq., who made con- siderable improvements upon the premises, and built a beautiful cottage near the water-side, which commu- nicates with the house and gardens by a subterraneous passage made under the narrow way, called Church Lane. Mr. Sharp was a surgeon of the highest professional eminence in London; he was the son of Dr. Thomas Sharp, Archdeacon of Northumberland. After a number of years' i^uccessful practice, he retired to Fulham; where after adding to a life w hich seemed to have reached its termination, more than twenty- two years of exquisite personal enjoyment, and enlarged social usefulness, he died in a good old age. A funeral discourse was deli- vered at Fulham Church on Sunday, March 25, 1810, by the Rev. John Owen, the present Curate and Lecturer, » Esch. Ric. 11, No. 30, ^ Esch. 17 Edw. IV. No. 55. ^ See page 68. 270 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT to which we beg leave to refer the reader for an admi- rable character of this eminent and worthy man.* Fulham House School w^s built originally for an inn, and was much frequented and resorted to about the commencement of his present Majesty 'js reign. The public house in the High Street, known by the name of the Golden Lion, is the most ancient house in the town, and was built about the time of Henry VH., as appears from its corresponding style of building with that part of the palace built by Bishop Fitzjames. The interior has undergone but little alteration, the wainscoting and chimney-pieces being in their original state, and still in good preservation. In a room above stairs is a curious carved mantle-piece, and there are two stair-cases within the walls now blocked up. There is a tradition that this house was one time in the possession of Bishop Bonner, and that it had a subterraneous communication with the palace. A house called Holcroffs was sold by Robert Limpany to Sir William Withers in 1708, being then newly built, and having a long avenue of trees in front. It was afterwards the residence of Sir Martin Wright, one of the Justices of the King's Bench, and was lately the property of his only surviving daughter, Mrs. E» Wright, but now vested in the devisees of Lady Guise. It is in the occupation of the Earl of Ross. Claybrooke House^ at the entrance of the town on the London Road, took its name from the family of Claybrooke, who resided on this spot, and had con- ^ See p. 114. OF FULHAM. 271 siderable property in the parish in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. One of this family was buried in the church in the year 1587/ Sir Edward Frewen inherited this house on the death of his father, anno 1702. It after- wards became the property of Robert Limpany, Esq., and is now a boarding-school for young ladies, in the occupation of Mrs. Mayers. Sir Thomas Rawlinson, Knt, anno 1708, was admitted to a copyhold house in Fulham, called Goodrickes, alias Symond's^ situated on the east side of the High Street, on the surrender of William Thomas Clerk. This house having descended to Dr. Raw- linson, was left by him, anno 1754, to augment the salary of the Principal of Hertford College in Oxford. Having been for some time unoccupied, it was pulled down in March, 1794/ Dr. Rawlinson had originally left this house to the Antiquarian Society, but in consequence of some disgust, revoked the devise. This site, after having laid waste for several years, for want of a sufficient title for building on, has been converted into gardens, and is now occupied by Mr. James Wilson. At the Kings ArmSj in the High Street, the great fire of London is annually commemorated on the first of September, and has been continued without inter- ruption. It is said to have taken its rise from a number of Londoners who had been burnt out, and having no employment, strolled out to Fulham, and in their way collected a quantity of nuts from the hedges » See page 68. ^ Lysons, vol. ii. p. 365. 272 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT round Fulhani field, and resorted to this house with them. A capital picture used to be exhibited on this day of that great conflagration. On the banks of the Thames, east of the bridge, are the villas of the following personages : The house next to the bridge, late the property of Sir Francis Millman, is now unoccupied, and in a ruinous condition. Adjoining, is the mansion and gardens of the Right Hon. the Earl of Ranelagh, late the property of Sir Philip Stephens, Bart, who resided near half a cen- tury in this parish. . Si7^ Philip StephpnSy y^'ho w^^s ^descend^^d from tjhe Gloucestershire family of that name, was, in his, early life, a clerk in the Sick and Hurt Office.,, ,Jn. 17621 he was appointed Secretary to the AdjiDiralty-Board ; the duties of which office he performed with indefatigable attention for a period of thirty years, during various administrations. On his resignation in the year 1795, as a reward for his meritorious services, hew^as created a Baronet, and was made one of the Lords Commis- sioners of the Admiralty w ith ai pfension of 1500/. a year, from which situation he finally retired in 1808. He died on the 20th of November, 180©, in his 87th year ; the remainder of his baronetcy Was granted to his nephew, Stephen Howe, Esq, whb -was Aide- du-Camp to the King, Lieutenant-Colond of the 63rd Regiment of Foot, and Member for Yarmouth ; but OF FULHAM. 273 this gentleman dying at Jamaica, in 1796, the baro- netcy, on the death of Sir Philip, became extinct. Lord Viscount Ranelagh married Sir Philip Ste- phen's only daughter, and to whom he bequeathed the whole of his property. Sir Philip Stephens sat in nine parliaments for Sand- wich, and was F.R.S. and F.S.A. He was buried in Fulham church, where there is a handsome marble tablet, erected to his memory.' His daughter. Lady Ranelagh, has since been interred in the same vault. His son, Capt. Thomas Stephens, was unfortunately killed in a duel at Margate in 1790.^ To the east of Lord Ranelagh's is the pleasant mansion of Col. Torrens, late the Earl of Mul grave's; and adjoining, is that of James Bowden, Esq. The elegant mansion of the Countess of Egremont was almost wholly built by its late owner, Mr. Ellis, including in its centre a small house, which was the residence of the late Dr. Cadogan. This learned physician, for many years, resided here during the summer months; he died at his house in George-street, Hanover-square, and was buried in the church-yard at Fulham, where there is a monument to his memory. Dr. Cadogan's well know^n popular Dissertation on the Gout" has passed through several editions ; he previously published, in 1750, a small treatise on the nursing and management of Children, which much contributed towards abolishing some improper treat- ' See p. 90. Gent. Mag. Lysons, Supp. p. 400. . T 374 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT ment both in feeding and dressing infants. His system was first adopted by the Managers of the Foundling Hospital, and by degrees became general throughout the country. Further east is the villa of Sir Evan Nepean, Bart, now absent in Bengal ; this seat had belonged for many years to the family of Chauncey. Broo77i Houses is a little village on the banks of the Thames, and in view of the bridge at Fulham ; here was formerly the seat of H. Lintot, Esq. from whence some called it Little Sussex, because this gentleman, in the year 1745, served the office of Sheriff for the County of Sussex.* It received its present name from the spot of ground being formerly covered with broom. It is now converted into gardens, and yields great profit to the cultivators, and is part of the Bishop of London's manor. The Countess Dowager of Lonsdale has an elegant house and garden here in full view of the Thames. Cokhill House, the elegant and much-admired resi- dence and property of James Madden, Esq., situate in the road leading from Fulham to Hammersmith, was built in the year 1770, from a design of the pre- sent proprietor, aiuJ under the immediate direction and inspection of the late Mr. Holland, architect ; the land which surrounds it formerly belonged to a market-gar- dener, but is now vei^y beautifully and tastefully laid out in fields, gardens, and pleasure-grounds; the tenure is ' MSS. Account of Fulham in the possession of J. Britton, Esq. OF FULHAM. 275 copyhold of inheritance. There are two other handsome houses on the estate, held on leases from Mr. Madden ; the one in the occupation of his Excellency the Count St. Martin de Front/ the Sardinian Ambassador; and the other, of Charles Kent, Esq., whose family has resided in it upwards of forty years. It is universally allowed that no professional man ever rendered more substantial services to his country than the late Mr. Kent. In the year 1 808, the gentle- men of Norfolk presented him with an embossed silver goblet, ornamented with the emblems of agriculture^ the cover surmounted with tlie figure of Justice, holding the antient steelyard. Tliis was presented to Mr. Kent by Thomas Dersgate, Esq., at a meeting held for this purpose ; who in a short, but appropriate speech, stated, that he was deputed by the farmers and friends to agriculture in the county of Norfolk, to present him with this cup as a token of their respect and esteem ; and Mr. Kent^ in his reply, gave the following interesting account of his professional life : My happy destiny threw me very early in life into what I may call the very lap of agriculture. In the capacity of Secretary to Sir James Porter, at Brussels, I had an opportunity to make myself well acquainted with the husbandry of the Austrian Netherlands, then supposed to be in the highest perfection of any part of Europe. No spot was there to be found that was not highly cultivated. The industry of the Flemings was * His Excellency died while this sheet was passing through the press. T 2 976 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT astonishing ; and their care in collecting every sort of manure, that could be usefully applied, was highly commendable. Coming to England in the year 1766, Sir John Cust, the then Speaker of the House of Commons, requested of me some written account of the Flemish husbandry, with which he expressed himself much pleased ; and he and my first great friend, the elder brother of the late Lord Anson, w4io^ was the true friend of merit, and the encourager of science, wherever he found it, advised me to quit the diplomatic path, and apply myself closely to agriculture, in which I had a hand- some promise of assistance from the latter. I did not hesitate a moment in adopting their advice. About this time I made a most valuable acquaintance with the late Benjamin Stillingfleet, one of the greatest naturalists we had, who was considered as the English Linnaeus. It was he who impressed me with the importance of taking nature for my guide, and of learning to deduce my ideas of the value of land, not from local inquiry, which might mislead my judg- ment, but from the wild plants and grasses ; as these would invariably express the voice of Nature. Ac- cordingly where I found the oak and elm as trees, and the rough cock's foot, and meadow fox-tail, as grasses, I was assured that such land was good ; and where I found the beril tree, the juniper shrub, and the maiden hair, and creeping-bent grasses, I was equally certain that such land was poor and sterile. In 1775 I pub- lished my Hints to Gentlemen of Landed Property,'' in which I characterized and describeci a great number OF FULHAM. 277 of different sorts of land by what grew upon them, and suggested the most obvious means of improving them. " I flatter myself this book has been the cause of considerable improvement, and w ill be of more when I am mouldered into dust. 1 now find myself employed as a land valuer upon a large scale ; but it is my satis- faction to reflect, that 1 did not undertake this office till I had satisfied my own conscience that I was capable of it. When a gentleman put his estate iato my hands, I considered it was the highest trust he could repose in me ; it w^as leaving it to me to mete out his fortune, by allotting him what I thought proper upon the object submitted to me. It was therefore incumbent upon me to take care of his interest, at the same time there was another person who had an equal claim to justice from me, which was the occupier, who had a right to be recompensed for his labour, judgment, and capital. In weighing these interests, where there was doubt, I confess I gave the turn of scales to the latter. Acting thus, the landlord aud tenant in general expressed reciprocal satisfaction. I am much flattered by your approving of me as a land-valuer, and presume to hope, that you will also consider me as a land- improver. Allow me to say, that the embankment between the Lincolnshire washes, which secured land from the sea, to the amount of 200,()()()/. in value, wtcS principally brought about and efi^ected by my advice ; and there are many thousand acres of waste land in different parts of the kmgdoui that likewise owe their injprovement tome. It is now forty years, gentlemen. 278 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT feince I have been closely connected with this county. I have had the satisfaction to make a vast number of valuable friends ; and if I have any enemies, I trust they are but few. I have always acted from a con- scientious consideration of the business laid before me ; and Shakspeare, the great judge of the human heart, says : Above all, be to thine own self but true. And it must follow, as the night the day. Thou can'st not be false to any man/'^ He was buried in the family vault in Fulhara Churchyard. Upon the tomb is inscribed the day of his decease, and his age."" Mustow^ or Munster Hoiise^ on the north side of the road leading to Fulham, was, during the greater part of the seventeenth century, the residence and property of Sir William Powell, Bart who founded the Alms- houses, from whom it came to Sir John Williams, of Pengellhy, Monmouthshire, Bart. It is now the property of A. A. Powell, Esq., and in the occupation of M. Sampeyo, a Portugueze merchant. It is said by tradition to have been a hunting seat of King Charles 11. The garden-grounds round it were formerly a park, and part of the ancient walls are yet standing. * Gent. Mag. Feb. 1811. See pagellGo OF FULHAM. 279 Among the eminent persons who have resided in Fulham, are the following : John Norden, a very able topographer, w^as Sur- veyor of the King's Lands in the reign of James I., for which he received a salary of 50/. a year. He projected an Historical and Chorographicai Description of all England but published only some detached parts of this work, describing some particular counties." He was also author of the first ^' Pocket Companion, or Guide for English Travellers, 1621," 4to. His " Surveyors' Guide," a work of merit, is very uncommon. His " Collections for Berkshire are among the MSS. of Bishop Moore, now in the University Library at Cambridge.^ He died about the year 1624. John Florio^ descended from an Italian family, the Florii of Sienna in Tuscany, Avas born in England, whither his parents fled from the persecution in the Valtoline, in the reign of Henry VIH."^ He was for some time a Member of the University of Oxford, where he taught the Italian and French languages. He instructed Anne, Queen of James L, in Italian, and was also retained as Tutor to Prince Henry. He was brother-in-law to Samuel Daniel, the Poet and Speculum Britanniae, Part. I., contains a Description of Mid- dlesex, 1593 ; 4to, Part II. contains a Description of Hertfoyc}-^ shire. 1598. ^ Grang. Biog. Hist. vol. ii. p. 29. 3 Gougli*s Anecdotes of Topography. Grang. Biog. Hist. vol. ii. p. 38. T 4 280 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Historian, whom he recommended to the notice and favour of the Queen. A detailed account of his works is in the Athenae Oxonienses/' the most considerable of which are an Italian Dictionary, and a Translation of Montaigne's Essays. He died in 1625. Mark Catesby w^as born about the latter end of the year 1679. He acquaints us himself that he had very early a propensity to the study of nature ; and that his wish for higher gratifications in this way, first led him to London, which he emphatically stiles " the centre of science/' and after impelled him to seek further sources in a distant part of the world. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society soon after his second return from America, and lived in acquaintance and friendship v/ith many of the most respectable members of that body, being greatly esteemed for his modesty and ingenuity." Some time before his death he removed from Hoxton to Fulham, probably with a view of being near the Botanic Gardens in this neighbourhood; to one of which, the Fulham Nursery, he contributed many valuable foreign plants. George Cartxvriglit ; we have not been able to ^ learn any thing more concerning him, than that he lived at Fulham between the years 1655 and l66l, and has obliged the world with a Play, called " Heroic Love, or the Lifanta of Spain, a Tragedy," 1661.'' ' Pulteney's Anec. of Bot. vol.ii. p. 229. ~ Dram. Mirror, vol. i. OF FULHAM. 281 John Dunton was born at Graffham in Hunting;- donshire, in 1659, of which parish his father was then rector. He was for some time a bookseller in London, but proving unsuccessful, he turned author and pro- jector. His " Athenian Gazette," a sort of Review, has been celebrated in an Ode by Swift ; and the " Narrative of his own Life" is a very curious per- formance, and abounds in literary history. He was a most voluminous writer, and it would be difficult to enumerate his various publications. He resided at Fulham about the year I69O. The following gentry have likewise, at various times, resided in Fulham, as appears from the parish books : Sir Edward Powell, Knt. and Bart.; Sir Gregory Norton, Knt.; Sir Thomas Burton, Knt.; Sir John Bennet, Knt.; Sir Edward Grevil, Knt.; Sir David Kirk, Knt. " What is generally true of the gentry in all coun- ties," says Fuller,^ " that being in continuo fiuxus^ labituVj labetu7\ in omne volubilis cEvum, is most true in this county, where the stream thereof runneth most rapid, to make more speedy room for succession ; so that the gentry in Middlesex seem sojourners^ rather than inhabitajits therein. Is it not strange, that of thirty-three forenamed families, not three of them were extant in the shire one hundred and sixty years after ; mz. Anno Donu 1593, as appeareth by the alphabetical collection set forth by Mr. Norden in that year. I ' Worthies, Middlesex, p. 187. 282 " HISTORICAL ACCOUNT impute the brevity, as I may term it, of such gentry in this county, to the vicinity of London to them, or rather of them to it, and hope that worshipful families, now fixed in Middlesex, will hereafter have longer continuance." The following autographs of some of the inhabitants of this parish, are extracted from the parish books : OF FULHAM. S83 CHAPTER IX. Parson's Green, Peterborough House, Ancient Houses and Families, Pursers Cross, parson's green. This pleasant village takes its name from the rectory- house, which stands on the west side of the Green. It is surrounded with good houses ; and here is held an annual fair on the i7th of August, which has been established from time immemorial. BrightziDeUs, PigJdwells, or Villa Carey. Peterborough House, at Parson's Green, described in ancient records as a capital messuage, called Right- wells, or Brightwells, was the property of John Tarn- worth, Esq., Privy Counsellor to Queen Elizabeth, who died here in 1569, and was buried at Fulham. It afterwards belonged to Sir Thomas Knolles, who, in the year 1603, sold it, together with twenty-four acres of land adjoining, within a pale, for the sum of 530/., to Thomas Smith, Esq., afterwards Sir Thomas, Clerk of the Council and Ma3ter of the Requests to James I. Sir Thomas Smith was born of a good family at Abingdon in Berkshire, and received the first prin- ciples of education in the free-school of that place. 284 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT In 1563 he became a student of Christ Church, Oxford ; and after passing through his regular degrees, served the office of Proctor to the IJniversit}^ in lo84. About this time he was recommended to the notice of Robert, Earl of Essex, who made him his secretary, and entertained for him a high regard. His talents and abilities for business now became conspicuous, and soon obtained for him considerable preferment. He was made Clerk of the Parliament, and soon after one of the Clerks of the Council. In 1603 he was knighted by James L, made Secretary of the Latin Tongue, with a salary of forty marks^ and Master of the Requests. Sir Thomas died, in 1609, at his house at Parson's Green, which he bad purchased of Sir Thomas KnoUes, and was buried in the chancel of the church at Fulham, on the 7th of December following. A handsome monument W'as erected to his memory by his widow, Frances daughter of William, fourth Lord Chandos, who afterwards married Thomas Cecil, Earl of Exeter. By this lady Sir Thomas had one son, who died in his minority, and one daughter, Margaret, who married Thomas Carey, second son of Robert, Earl of Mon- mouth. He bequeathed some mathematical instru- ments/and a considerable sum of money to the Bodleian Library for the purchase of books, and was also a benefactor to the poor of Abingdon, his native place. * After the death of Sir Thomas, the estate at Parson's Green was for some time in the possession of his widow and her second husband, Thomas, first Earl of ' Ant. Wood, vol. i. OF FULHAM. 285 Exeter, who died July 7, 1621-2.' Lady Exeter continued to reside in it till her death in 1633. She was buried in Westminster Abbey, where there is a stately monument to the memory of the Earl and his two wives. The estate now came into the possession of Mr, Thomas Carey, the second son of Robert, Earl of Monmouth, who had married Sir Thomas Smith's only daughter. It is probable Mr. Carey rebuilt the house, as it was from that time known by the name of Villa Carey. Francis Cleyne, who came over to Eng- land in the reign of Charles L, was certainly employed to decorate the rooms. Mr. Carey died about 1635 ; and his widow, about 1640, married to her second husband. Sir Edward Herbert, Knt, Attorney-General to Charles I.^ This gentleman was a firm and steady loyalist ; and appears, from the parish books, to have resided at Parson's Green till the death of his royal master; after w^iich he accompanied Charles 11. in his exile, and was by him made Lord Keeper of the Great Seal. In 1653 his name is found described as of Parson's Green among the loyalists whose estates were ordered to be sold. He died at Paris in December, 1657. By his lady he left issue, Arthur Herbert, created Earl of Torrington, Sir Edward Herbert, Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench in the reign of James 11,, and who folio w^ed that misguided monarch to France in his abdication ; and Charles, Colonel of the 23d Regiment of Foot, in the reign of King William, who behaved with great gallantry at the Battle of * Collinses Peer. voLiii. p. 1 17. ^ Dugdale*s Chron. Series, p. 111. 286 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Leitrim in July 169 U being taken prisoner was barbarously murdered by the Irish/ It does not however appear that the estate was sold, as ordered by the Parliament; for in 1 660 we find it in the possession of John Lord Mordaunt, who married the daughter and heiress of Mr. Carey above- mentioned. The following description of the house and gardens is given by Bowack : The Earl of Peterborough's is a very large square regular pile of brick, and has a gallery all round it upon the roof. It was built by a branch of the honourable family of the Monmouths, and came to the present Earl in right of his mother, the Lady Elizabeth Carey, Viscountess de Aviland. It has abundance of extraordinary good rooms with fine paintings, but is most remarkable for its spacious gardens, there being above twenty acres of ground inclosed. The contrivance of the garden is fine, though their beauty is in great measure decayed ; and the large cypress shades, and pleasant wildernesses, with fountains, statues, &c., have been very enter- taining. In this garden is a natural curiosity, not to be parallelled, as is said in Europe ; viz. a tree which bears a yellow tulip of seventy-six feet high, and its stem about five feet nine inches in circumference. It is of almost sixty years growth, has a smooth grey sort of a coat, and a very fine green leaf." This tree died in ' Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion, vol. vi. p. 611. ^ Antiq. of Middlesex, p. 45. OF FULHAM. 287 the year 1756 of decay, being then a hundred years old ; it was the first of the kind which had been raised in England, and was esteemed an object of great curiosity.' John Lord Mordaunt^ of Ryegate^ and Viscount Avalon, was the second son of John, the first Earl of Peterborough, by Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of ^ William Howard, Lord Effingham. He was famed for his signal exploits during the Usurpation, and engaged very early for the rescue of King; Charles 1. in that attempt with the Earl of Holland, as the Earl of Clarendon relates in his History of the Grand Rebellion/' and who gives this further account of him and his services : There was a young gentleman, John Mordaunt, the younger son and brother of the Earl of Peterbo- rongh ; who, having been too young to be engaged in the late war, during which time he had his education in France and Italy, was now of age, of parts, and great vigour of mind, and newly married to a young and beautiful lady of a very loyal spirit and notable vivacity of wit and humour, who concurred with him in all honourable dedications of himself. He resolved to embrace all opportunities to serve the King, and to dispose those upon whom he had influence, to take the same resolution ; and being allied to the Marquis of Ormond, he did by him inform his Majesty of his resolution, and his readiness to receive any commands from him. This was many months before the Marquis's journey into England.*'^ ' Lysons, Supp. p. 433. Clarend. Hist. Rebellion. S88 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Cromwell having notice of the Marquis's being in the kingdom, he sent for Mr. Mordaunt, and very strictly examined him, whether he had seen the Mar- quis of Ormond during his late visit to London; but Mr. Mordaunt found means to evade answering the question, and was permitted to return to his own lodging. Yet two days after, anno 1658, he was sent for again, and committed close prisoner to the Tower^ on the discovery that preparations were making for an insurrection in the county of Sussex, in order to the restoration of Charles 11. On this discovery being made, several were taken up in all quarters of the kingdom, and a high court of justice was erected for the trial of the prisoners. Of this court, John Lisle, who had sat upon the trial of King Charles I. , and continued an entire confident of Cromwell, was President. Mr. Mordaunt was speedily brought to trial before this court; but his lady having found means for the escape of one of the principal witnesses against him, and his judges being divided in their opinion of his guilt, he was acquitted only by the casting vote of the President.' ' As the speech of the President on this occasion is a curious specimen of the cant of the times, we have here extracted it : " And I have now to speak to you, Mr. Mordaunt, God hath appeared in justice, and God doth appear in mercy, as the Lord is just to them, so the Lord is exceeding merciful to you; and I may say to you, that God appears to you at this time, as he speaks to sinners in Jesus Christ; for. Sir, he doth clear sinners jn Christ Jesus, even when they are guilty, and so God cleareth you. I will OF FULHAM. 289 ^liere was not in Cromweirs time," says Lord Clarendon, the like instance, and scarce any other man escaped the judgment, that was tried before any high court of justice." Cromwell was so hio;hly emended at his acquittal, that, contrary to all the forms used by themselves, he caused him to be kept several months after in the Towef, and would willingly have brought him to be tried again, but he was however in the end prevailed upon to set him at liberty, and Mr. Mordaunt immediately embarked in the King'g service as frankly as before, and with better success. He opened a correspondence with his Majesty, and used his utmost endeavours to form a party for his restoration. After the death of Oliver Cronwell, the. spirits of the King's friends being raised, and very many of those who had served the Parliament being desirous to enter into amity with them, and to make a firm conjunction with them towards his Majesty's re-establishment on the throne, Mr. Mordaunt had courage to go over to Brussels to concert measures for that purpose, and was received by the King with all that attention and courtesy, due to his rank and eminent services. Towards the latter end of June, i655>, Mr. Mordaunt left Brussels, with a resolution that there should be a general rendezvous^ throughout England, of ail who would declare for the King, upon a day named, "viz, not say you are guilty, but ask your ov/n conscienre whether you are or no. Sir, bless God as long as you live, and bless my Lord Protector, by whose authority you are cleared. " Sir, I speak no more ; but, I beseech you, to speak to God/' U 290 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT the 10th of July ; and the King intended upon the day appointed to be at Calais, and the Duke of York at Boulogne, waiting for the event ; but through the treachery of Sir Richard Willis, this well-concerted design was discovered and frustrated. Notwithstanding this failure, Mr, Mordaunt, in company with Charles Stuart, Earl of Litchfield, (after- wards Duke of Richmond), Sir Adam Brown, and some few others, rendezvoused near Guilford, in Surry; but Sir Francis Vincent being seized, and forces coming up before they could make head against them, they were obliged to disperse. Mr. Mordaunt and Lord Litchfield escaped to London, and lay concealed for some time in the house of Alderman Robinson; but the rump Parliament, on September 3, 1659, ordered him and others to be taken as traitors, if they did not surrender themselves by a day then named. During the short interval between the return of the secluded members and the convention of the Parlia- ment that restored the King, Mr. Mordaunt performed many prudent acts towards the completion of that happy event ; and as Lord Clarendon relates, " those of the King's party who had sheltered themselves in obscurity, appeared now abroad, and conversed with^ out controul ; and Mr. Mordaunt, who was known to be entirely trusted by the King, walked into all places with freedom ; and many of the Council, and some officers of the army, as Ingoldsby, Huntingdon, &c., made, through him, tender of their services to the King." OF FULHAM. 291 His Majesty, in testimony of his faithful services, to the hazard of his life and fortune, and as a mark td future ages of his great loyalty, was pleased to advance him to the dignity of a Baron of this realm by the title of Lord Mordaunt of Ryegate, in the County of Surry, as also to the honour of Viscount Avalon in the County of Somerset, by Letters Patent, bearing date July 10, 1659. When General Monk found that he could effectually shew his good-will to the Kincr, and had entrusted Sir John Grenville with his intentions, Lord Mordaunt accompanied that gentleman to Brussels, and after- wards returned with him with the letters the King wrote to the General, the House of Commons, &c. Upon this occasion, the Common Council of London presented him, and Sir John Grenville^ 300/. to buy each of them a ring in testimony of their respect. Lord Mordaunt met the King on his landing at Dover ; and when his Majesty arrived at Canterbury, on Saturday, May 26, his lordship and the Earl of Winchelsea brought up General Monk to his Majesty, who delivered him the Garter, and, at the same time, conferred the honour of knighthood on all three of them. And afterwards his Majesty constituted Lord Mordaunt Constable of the Castle of Windsor, and Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the County of Surry, on June 30, 1660; which offices he held to the time of his death. Notwithstanding, however, his great merit and gervices, he was vilified and traduced to the King, and was latterly numbered among the neglected HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Loyalists. He resided chie% on his estate at Parson's Green;, where he died, in the 48th year of his age, orx the 5th of June, IG/^^ and was buried in the Church of Fulham/ He married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Thomas Carey, second son to Robert, Earl of Mon* mouth, by whom he had issue seven sons and four daughters/ Charles J Earl of Peterborough and Monmouth^ was the son of John, Lord Mordaunt, and was born in the year 1658. In his youth he entered into the Navy, and served under the Admirals Torrington and Narborough, in the Mediterranean, during the war with the state of Algiers. In 1675, he succeeded his father in his titles and estates. On June 4, 1680, he; embarked for Africa with the Earl of Plymouth, and distinguished himself at Tangier^ when it was besieged by the Moors. On the accession of James II. he distinguished himself by his zeal in the House of Peers against the repeal of the Test Act ; and, disliking the proceedings of the Court, he obtained leave from the King to go over to Holland, as intending to accept the command of a Dutch squadron in the West Indies. On his arrival at the Hague, he was one of the first of the English nobility who offered his service to the Prince of Orange in his intended expedition into Eng- land ; and, as Bishop Burnet relates in his History of his Ow^n Times," he was among those whom that V See liis Epitaph, p. 87 ; and his Autograph, p. 282. ^ Gollias*s Peerage, vol. iii. p. 207. OF FULHAM. 293 prince chiefly trusted, and by whose advice he goyenied all his actions. He accompanied the Prince to England, and having been so instrumental in the Revolution, as soon as the Prince and Princess were established on the throne, he was sworn of their Privy Council, and made one of the Lords of the Bed-Chamber to his Majesty. And in order to attend at their coronation^ as an Earl, he was advanced to the dignity of Earl of the County of Monmouth, on April the 9th, 1689. having the day before been constituted First Lord Commissioner of the Treasury; and on May 30, in the same year, Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the County of Northampton. Also, on an Address of the^Lord Mayor and Aldermen of the City of London to his Majesty, he was commissioned to cQmnii^nd the Royal Regiment of Horse, which the City had raised for the public service, of which his Majesty was graciously pleased to be Colonel ; and their Majesties, with the Prince and Princess of Denmark, having accepted the invi- tation of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of the City to dine at Guildhall, on October 29, 1689, the Royal City Regiment of V olunteer Horse, richly accoatered, commanded by the Earl of Monmouth, attended their Majesties from Whitehall into the City as a guard of honour. In 1692, his lordship made the campaign in Flanders under King William ; and in May, 1694, he was suc- ceeded by Henry Lord Sydney, as First Commissioner of the Treasury. In 1697 he succeeded his uncle in the Earldom of Peterborough. In 1702 he vvas u 3 ^94 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT designed for the West Indies, as Captain-General and Governor of Jamaica, and commander of the army and fleet for that expedition. On June 24, in the same year, he was again constituted Lord Lieutenant of Northamptonshire, and soon after sworn of her Ma- jesty's Privy Council. In 1705, his Lordship wasf declared General and Commander in Chief of the Forces sent to Spain, and joint admiral of the fleet with Sir Clpudesley Shovel, and setting sail from Eng- land, May 24, touched at Lisbon on Juqe 20, took on board there King Charles IIL of Spain, whom, after stopping to refresh at Gibraltar, they landed iq the Bay of Barcelona ; where, after they had carried by storm the Fort of Montjovi, the place was surren- dered to them by capitulation ; and the Earl of Peter- borough obtained great praise for his gallantry and conduct. In 1706, when Barcelona was besieged by the Duke of Anjou, in person, and greatly distressed, his lord- ship, by his presence and example, gave life ^nd vigour to the Catalans; and on May 1], 1706, forced the enemy to raise the siege, leaving behind them near two hundred brass battering guns, thirty mortars, a great quantity of bombs, shot, &c.; three thousand barrels of gunpowder, ten thousand sacks of corn, and all their sick and wounded men, whom the Marshall de Tesse, by a letter, recommended to the clemency of the Earl of Peterborough. His compelling the Duke of Anjou, the late Philip V., King of Spain, and the French army, which consisted twenty-five thousand men, to retreat before him;^ OF FULHAM, 295 though his own troops never amounted to ten thousand men ; the possession he gained of Catalonia, of the kingdoms of Valencia, Arragon, and Majorca, with part of Murcia and Castile, giving opportunity to the Earl of Galway of advancing to Madrid without a blow, are undeniable proofs of his great valour, prudence, and conduct in military affairs. For these services he was declared General in Spain by King Charles III. ; and that war being looked on as likely to be concluded, he received her Majesty's commission as Ambassador Extraordinary, with powers and instructions for treating and adjusting all matters between the two kingdoms. The loss of the Battle of Almanza, April 2.5, 1707, under the Earl of Galway, and King Charles's affairs wearing an ill aspect, he was soon after recalled from Spain ; and, on his arrival in England, an examination of his conduct took place; but, after the strictest investigation, it appearing that no blame could attach to him, but on the contrary, he had acted with great valour and prudence, he received the thanks of the House of Lords for his eminent services. In the year 1710-1711, he was sent Ambassador to the Court of Turin, and other Italian states ; and on his return to England was, on December 22, 1712, made Colonel of the Royal Regiment of Horse- Guards, then vacant by the death of Richard, Earl Rivers, and was installed at Windsor on August 4, 1713, a Knight Companion of the most noble Order of the Garter. In November following, he was sent Ambassador Extraordinary to the King of Sicily, and to negotiate V 4 Q96 HISTORICAJ. ACCOUNT affairs with other Italian princes, where he continued til] the Queen's death, and did not return till 17 15. In the reign of George I. he was constituted, May £5, 1722, General of all the Marine Forces in Great Britain; and on October 22, 17275 he had the same commission from his late Majesty. During i these reigns he became a conspicuous Whig, but employed his time more as a wit than a politician. His lordship married, first, Carey, daughter to Sir Alexander Fraser^ of Doies, in the shire of Mearns in Scotland ; and by her (who died on May 13, 1709, and was buried on the 20th of the said month, at Turvey in Bedfordshire) had two sons, John and Henry, and a daughter Henrietta, married to Alexander, Duke of Gordon, in Scotland. He married to his second wife, the celebrated Anastasia Robinson. The Earl of Peterborough was one of the strangest compounds that nature, in her most sportive moments, ever formed. Graceful in his manners, elegant in his person, and a favourite with the Muses, in his youth he seemed emulous to mix only with the rough and untutored brave tars of the ocean. Leaving the naval service, he charmed a listening senate with his oratory ; and, in the reign of William ILL, we find him a mili- tary officer, and at the same time assisting, in the Council. His lordship's qualifications for the great enter- prizes he undertook, are too well known to be insisted on. They sufficiently appear from the various com- OF FULHAM. Q97 missions with which he was entrusted. To the greatest personal courage and resolution, he added all the arts and address of a General ; and to the most lively and penetrating genius, an extent pf knowledge upon almost ever}^ subject of importance, within the compass of ancient or modern literature. In his campaigns in Spain, he astonished the proud Spaniards and patient Germans; even the sprightly French saw themselves excelled in courage, celerity, and stratagem. With all these brilliant qualities, he was like no other human being; yet all human beings admired hi$ sense, his wit, and his courage. He was insufferably haughty, and immoderately fond of popularity. An avowed Atheist, he gained the admiration of the friends of revealed religion. He was said to be with- out fear — No,'' said his lordship, I am not, but I never saw occasion to fear." Living on the borders of parsimony, he was always in debt ; 5^et they who blamed, could not help admiring him." He was in habits of friendship and intimacy with all the wits and learned persons of his time ; and held a correspondence with Pope, Swift, Locke, and many other men of literature. His house at Parson's Green was ever open to their visits, and where they were always * II etoit galant come Amadis mais plus expeditif dans ses voyages, car il disoit qu'il etoit I homme de V Europe qui avoit vu le plus de rots et le plus de postilions, Quelqii'un le louoit un jour de ce que rien neTavoit jamais effiaye, Montrez moi d'it-il, uii danger qui je croie serieux et inevitable, vous verrez que j'ai autant de peurqu'un autre. — Dictionaire Historique, tome ix. 298 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT certain of meeting a congenial society, and a hearty welcome/ Swift says, in one of his Letters to the Earl, " ' You wander about so much, that I must write at you, if I cannot write to you ; pray write me a letter, that I may show it to the wretches by whom I am surrounded in this country, and acquire respect from them by being considered as a correspondent of so great a man."^ In another of his Letters to Gay, he says : When my Lord Peterborough, in the Queen's time, went abroad upon his embassies, the Ministry told me, that he was such a vagrant, they were forced to write at him by guess^ because they knew not where to xvrite to him'' The following jeu d'esprit, written by Swift, is characteristic of this singular man : Mordanto fills the Trump of Fame, The Christian world his deeds proclaim. And prints are crowded with his name. In journies, he outrides the post. Sits up till midnight with his host. Talks politicks, and gives the toast. Knows every Prince in Europe^s face. Flies like a squib from place to place. And travels not, but runs a race. * When the air of London began to affect his lungs, he went for ^ome days to the Earl of Peterborough's seat at Fulham, where he always met with a hearty welcome. — Locke's Life, p. 30. * Nichols's Supp. to Swift, vol. ii. p. 116. OF FULHAM. 29^ From Paris Gazette, d la main^ — ^This day arriv'd, without his train, Mordanto in a week from Spain. A messenger comes all a reek, Mordanto at Madrid to seek, — He left the town about a week. Next day the post-boy winds his horn. And rides through Dover in the morn, — Mordanto's landed from Leghorn. Mordanto gallops on alone. The roads are with his followers strown ; This breaks a girth, and that a bone. His body, active as his mind. Returning sound in limb and wind. Except some leather lost behind, A skeleton in outward figure. His meagre corps, though full of vigour. Would halt behind him were it bigger. So wonderful his expedition. When you have not the least suspicion, ' He's with you, like an apparition. Shines in all climates like a star. In senates bold, and fierce in war, A land-commander, and a tar. Heroic actions early bred in. Ne'er to be matched in modern reading. But by his namesake, Charles of Sweden/* Anastasia Robinson was the daughter of Mr. Robin- gon, a painter, who resided in or near Golden Square. He had studied his profession in Italy, and instructed his daughter, when young, in the Italian language^ Her taste and skill in music obtained for her a situa- 300 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT tion at the Opera, where her aGcomplishments attracted the attention of the Earl of Peterborough. Anastasia, however, res«sted all the Earrs advances tending to an illicit connection; and she continued to sing in the Opera till the year 1723, iyhen she retired from the stage, in consequence, as it is supposed, of her mar- riage with the Earl of Pjeterboroag^ for she at that time went to reside at a house in Parson's Green, w^hich the Earl took for herself and her mother. Sir John Hawkins savs,^ she resided at Peterborouo^h House, and presided at the Earl s table, but she never lived under the same roof with him, till she was pre- vailed on to attend him in a journey, which he took a few years before his death^ on account of his declining health. During her residence at Fulham, she was visited by persons of the highest rank, under a full persuasion, founded on the general tenor of her life and conduct, that she had a legal title to a rank, which, for pru- dential reasons, she w^as content to decline. She held frequent musical parties, at which Bononcini, Martini, Tosi, Greene, and the most eminent musicians of that time, assisted ; and they were attended by all the fashionable world. It was some years before the Earl could prevail upon himself to acknowledge her as his Countess ; nor did he, till 173»), publicly own what most people knew before : he then proclaimed his marriage like no other husband. He- went one evening to the rooms at Bath, * Burney's Hist, of Musick, vol. iii. p. 248, * Hist. Musick, vol. v. p. 305. i)F FULHAM, 30 f where a servant was ordered distinctly and audibly to announce Lady Peterborough's carriage waits." Every lady of rank and fashion immediately rose, and congratulated the declared Countess. Lady Peterborough survived the Earl, and resided at Bevis Mount till her death in the year 17^0. Peterborough House was purchased in the year 1794 of R. Heaviside, Esq. by the late J. Meyrick, Esq., who pulled down the old mansion, and built the present house on the site. He died here in 1801, and was buried in Fulham Church. Mr. Meyrick was appointed to the command of the Fulham Light Infantry V olunteers, which was raised in 1803, and consisted of eight companies. The colours ^ were presented to the regiment by Mrs. Meyrick. During the whole time he had the command, he constantly enjoyed the confidence and esteem of every individual of the corps, and when he retired, it was with universal regret. Upon Colonel Meyrick's resignation, the Earl of Ranelagh was appointed to the command ; soon after which the corps began to fall off, and was finally dispersed. Peterborough House is now the residence and property of Major Scott Waring, who purchased part of this estate, which was sold by auction in lots, after the death of Mr. Meyrick. The remainder is the property of P. Denys, Esq., and is occupied by Messrs. R. and W. Vvilcox. 302 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT The first house on the east side of Parson's Green was built by Sir Francis Child, Lord Mayor of London, in 1699, who was buried in Fulham Church-yard ; and was for many years the property of his family* It w^as for some time the residence of Admiral Sir Charles Wager, who afterwards removed to Stanley House, Chelsea, where he died/ Dr. Ekins, late Dean of Carlisle, also died here. He was educated at Eton, and King's College, Cambridge, of which he became Fellow, and was Tutor to the late Earl of Carlisle. He published, in 1771, ^' A Translation of the Loves of Medea and Jason, from AppoUonius Rhodius," in 4to., which ^possesses great merit"" He held successively the rectories of Quainton, Sedgefield, and Morpeth, in Durham, and was made Dean of Carlisle.^ Mr. Cumberland, in his Memoirs," thus mentions his intimacy with this family : I was also, at this time, in habits of the most intimate friendship with two young men of my own age, sons of a worthy clergyman in our neighbourhood, the Rev. Mr. Ekins. JefFery, the elder, now deceased, was Dean of Carlisle and Rector of Morpeth ; John, the younger, is yet living, and Dean of Salisbury. " Few men have been more fortunate in life than these brothers, fewer still have probably so well deserved their good success. With the elder of these » See Hist, of Chelsea, p. 385. Lysons, vol. ii. p. 393« Leinpiiere's Biog. Diet. OF FULHAM. 303 my intimacy was the greatest ; the same passion for poetry possessed us both, the same attachment to the drama : our respective families indulged lis in our propensities, and were mutually amused with our domestic exhibition. My friend Jeffery was in my family, as I was in his, an inmate ever welcome ; his genius was quick and brilliant, his temper sweet, and his nature mild and gentle in the extreme : I loved him as a brother; we never had the slightest jar ; nor can I recollect the moment in our lives, that ever gave occasion of offence to either. Our destinations sepa- rated us in the more advanced period of our time ; his- duties drew him to a distance from the scenes I was engaged in ; his lot was prosperous and placid, and well for him it was, for he was not made to combat with the storms of life. In early youth, long before he took orders, he composed a drama of an allegorical cast, which he entitled, Florio; or, the Pursuit of Happiness." There was a great deal of fancy in it; and I wrote a Comment upon it, almost as long as the drama itself, which I sent to him as a mark of my admiration of his genius, and my affection for his person."^ This house was modernised by the late John Powell, Esq.; it is now the property of A. A. Powell, Esq., and the residence of J. Bayford, Esq., who purchased the lease of Mrs. Fitzherbert. On the lawn behind the house is a cedar-tree of rather remarkable growth; the gMth of the main trunk is not particularly large, (9 feet y inches} ; about four feet from the ground it * Vol i. p. 165. 304 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT throws out six larger stems, each of which would form a considerable tree, the branches descend to the ground in every direction, and their whole circumference is about 120 feet Mr. Collinson, in his MS. Diary, remarks, that in the year 1756, a tulip tree, w^iich he had given to Sir Charles Wager, having been raised from seed thirty years before, flowered for the first time, in his garden, opposite to Peterborough House. The tree was cut down several years ago.^ The celebrated Sir Thomas Bodley lived at Parson's Green from 1605 to 1609.'' Sir Thomas Bodley merited much as a man of letters, but incomparably more in the ample provision he has made for literature, in the foundation of the Library at Oxford, which bears. his name. He was employed by Queen Elizabeth in several embassies to Germany, Denmark, and the Hague. We have made the fol- lowing extracts from the correspondence between him and Sir Francis Bacon, during his residence here : " Sir T, Bodley to Sir F. Bacon. Sir, As soon as the' term was ended, supposing your leisure was more than before, I was coming to thank you two or three times, rather choosing to do it by word than letter, but I was still disappointed of my purpose, 'as I am at this present upon an urgent ' Lysons, Supp. p. 433, * Parish Books. OF FULHAM. 305 occasion, which doth tie me fast to Fulham, and hath now made me determine to impart my mind in writing.' From Fulham y 1607. Sir F. Bacon to Sir T, Bodley. " I pray you send me some good news of Sir Thomas Smith, and commend me very kindly to him."* When the great Lord Bacon fell into disgrace, and was restrained from coming within the verge of the court, he procured a license, dated September 13, l6ll, to retire for six weeks to the house of his friend^ Sir John Vaughan, at Parson's Green. The King refused to renew the license at the expiration of the term. This could not be the Sir John Vaughan who was Lord Chief Justice in 1668. We know of no other who w^as Lord Chief Justice. In the parish books, the person to whose house Lord Bacon retired, is called " The Lord Vaughan^'' who probably resided in the house now occupied by Mr. Maxwell, as a Board- ing School, and called Albion House, a spacious mansion, built in that style of architecture which prevailed at the commencement of the reign of James 1. Another adjoining house is occupied by M. L'Abb6 Queque, as a Roman Catholic School. This is a large, regular, new-built, brick house, and is made very convenient. There are also two or three other very handsome houses here. ! Cabala, page 68. X 306 HISJORICAL ACCOUNT Sir Arthur Aston^ an officer of note in Charles the First's army, was son of Sir Arthur Aston of Parson's Green. He was a great traveller, and made several campaigns in foreign countries/ Being returned into England about the beginning of the Grand Rebellion, with as many soldiers as he could bring with him, he took part with the King against the Parliament.'' He commanded the Dragoons in the battle of Edge Hill, and, with them, did his Majesty considerable service. The King, having a great opinion of his valour and conduct, made him Governor of the Garrison of Reading, in Berkshire, and Commissary-General of the Horse,^ in which post he three times repulsed the Earl of Essex, who, at the head of the Parliament Army, laid siege to that place. But Sir Arthur being dangerously wounded, the command devolved on Colonel Richard Fielding. Some time after, he was appointed Governor of the Garrison of Oxford, in the room of Sir William Pennyman, deceased. In September^ following, he had the misfortune to break his leg by a fall from his horse, and was obliged to have it amputated f and on the 25th of December he was discharged from his command. After the King's death. Sir Arthur was employed in the service of King Charles H., and went with the flower of the English veterans into Ireland, » Wood's Fasti. Oxon. vol. ii. Col. 45. * Hist, of Rebellion, vol. ii. parti, p. 41. Edit. Oxon, 1721. ^ Ibid. p. 81. ^ Ibid, part ii. p. 526. OF FULHAM. S07 where he was appointed Governor of Drogheda; at which time, (as Wood tells us) " he laid an excel- lent plot to tire and break the English army;'" but at length Cromwell having taken the town, about the 1 0th of August, 1 649, and put the inhabitants to the sword, Sir Arthur the Governor was cut to pieces, and his brains beaten out with his wooden leg;. The Manor of Rosamunds appears to have been aliened by Agnes Hasely to Henry Weaver, or Waver. Christian, relict of Sir Henry Waver, Knt, died anno 1480, being seised of the manor of Rosamunds, in Fulham, valued at ten marks per annum^ and a tene- ment called Lane's Place, valued at 4/. (both held of the Bishop of London), the next heir to which estates was Christian, the daughter of her son Henry. No later records relative to this manor have been discovered ; but Mr. Lysons supposes it to be the estate at Parson's Green^ adjoining the Rectory House, which was for many years the property of the Whar- tons ; and after the death of Sir Michael Wharton, about 1725, was divided between his coheirs, of whom, or their representatives, it was purchased by the late John Powell, Esq. It was afterwards in the pos- session of William Roberts, Esq. It is now the property of Mr. Plaw% who purchased it of Mr. Roberts. The site of the mansion belonging to this estate is said, by tradition, to have been a palace of Fair Rosamund."" ' Wood, ubi supra, Lysons, vol. ii. p. 359- X S 30$ HISTORICAL ACCOUNT On the site of the house at the south side of Parson's Green, now occupied by Dr. Taylor, was an ancient mansion, which formerly belonged to Sir Edward Saunders, Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, in 1682. It has since been celebrated as the residence of Mr. Samuel Richardson, who removed hither, in 1755, from Northend ; where he composed some of his works, particularly the novels of " Clarissa Harlowe" and ^' Sir Charles Grandison." Thomas Edwards, author of the Canons of Cri- ticism," being on a visit to Mr. Richardson, died here, January 2, 1757.' We are indebted for the following interesting account of Mr. Richardson, to Mrs. Barbauld's Life of him, prefixed to his Correspondence," published by Sir Richard Phillips : Mr, Samuel Richardson is one instance, among innumerable others, of natural talents making their way to eminence under the pressure of narrow cir- cumstances, the disadvantage of obscure birth, and the want of a liberal education. He was born in Derbyshire in the year 1689, but in what particular place cannot be traced out ; as it is said, from some motive, known only to himself, he always avoided mentionin<4 the town which mve him birth. His father descended from a reputable family in Surry, was a Joiner, settled in London, but who having taken some part in the Duke of Monmouth's^ * Biog, Britan. OF FULHAM. 809 rebellion, on the execution of that unhappy nobleman, quitted London, and retired into Derbyshire. " Mr. Richardson was intended for the Church, but his father experiencing some heavy losses, was unable to afford him a suitable education ; and at the age of sixteen he quitted school, and was left to choose his profession (as he tells us himself) with only the com- mon school learnincy. In 1706, he was bound apprentice to Mr. John Wilde, a Printer, of Stationers' Hall. " 1 served," says he, " a diligent seven years to it, to a master who grudged every hour to me, even of those times of leisure and diversion usually allowed by other masters to their apprentices. I stole from the hours of rest and relaxation my reading times for the improvement of my mind ; and being engaged in a correspondence with a gentleman, greatly my superior in degree, and of ample fortune, who, had he lived, intended high things for me, those were all the opportunities I had in my apprenticeship to carry it on. But this little incident I may mention, I took care that even my candle was of my own purchasing, that I might not, in the most trifling instance, make my master a sufferer." The correspondence above mentioned must have been of great service to the young apprentice, in gain- ing that fluency of pen, he was remarkable for, though it appears he was deprived by death of the patronage he expected. " After the expiration of his apprenticeship, Mr. Jlichardson continued Ave or six years, working as a j:om|)ositor in a printing-office, and at length took up 310 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT his freedom, and set up for himself; at first in a court in Fleet-street, from whence, as his business grew more extensive, he removed into Salisbury-court. His punctuality, and the honour and generosity of his dealing, soon gained him friends, and his busi- ness greatly flourished. He printed for a while, ''The True Briton," a periodical paper, published, in, 1723, under the auspices of the Duke of Wharton, and was for some time engaged in printing a newspaper called, originally, " The Daily Journal," and afterwards " The Daily Gazetteer through the interest of the Speaker, Onslow, who had a great regard for him, he also had the printing of the Journals of the House of Commons, " In 1754, he was chosen Master of the Stationers' Company, an honourable and lucrative office. Pre- vious to this time he had taken a country residence at North-End, from which he removed, in the year 1755, to Parson's Green, where he fitted up a house. In Salisbury-court he took a range of old houses, which he pulled down, and built an extensive and commo- dious printing-office and warehouse. He now allowed himself some relaxation from business, and spent the greater part of his time at his country residence, wdiere he was seldom without visitors. In 1760, he purchased a moiety of the patent of Law-printer to his Majesty. From all these sources he was enabled to make et comfortable provision for his rising family. " He had taken in to assist him in his business a nephew, who relieved him from the more burdensome pares of it, and who eventually succeeded hiin. OF FULHAM. 311 He now had leisure, had he had health, to enjoy his reputation, his prosperous circumstances, and his friends. But his nervous disorders increased upon him, and his valuable life was at length terminated by a stroke of an apoplexy, on July 4, 1761, at the age of seventy-two. He was buried near his first wife, in St. Bride's Church. " Mr. Richardson was twice married. His first wife was AUington Wilde, his master's daughter, who died in 1731. By her he had five sons and one daughter, who all died in their infancy. His second wife was the sister of a Mr. Leake, a Bookseller at Bath, who sur- vived him, and by whom he left four daughters. This lady died at his house, at Parson's Green, in 1773.' " The genius of Richardson was not destined to be for ever employed in ushering into the world the pro- ductions of others. Neither city-feasts and honours, nor the cares of a family, and the management of so large a concern of business, could quench the spark that glowed within him. He had very early a fondness for epistolary writing, and employed his pen occasionally for the booksellers. Two of them, his particular friends, Mr. Rivington and Mr. Osborne, in 1739, urged him to write for them a little book of familiar letters on the useful concerns in common life ; and hence sprung his History of Pamela," which was published in 1740. It was received with the greatest applause by all ranks of people. The novelty of the plan, the strokes of * Gent. Mag, X 4 ^ SIS HISTORICAL ACCOUNT nature and pathos with which the work abounds, the simplicity of the language, the sentiments of piety and virtue that are brought forward, took at once the taste of the public. But Pamela," captivating as v/as the publication, shewed only the dawn of our author's genius ; it rose with new lustre in Clarissa Harlowe," which was published eight years after. This work raised its author at once to the'' first rank among novelists. " Mr. Richardson was now at the zenith of his fame, but his fancy was not exhausted, nor his powers of writing diminished ; and after an interval of four or five years, Sir Charles Grandison" appeared in 1753. Besides his three great works, Richardson gave to the world a volume of Familiar Letters," a paper in the Rambler," • an edition of " ^sop's Fables, with Reflections ;" and he was concerned in a few jbooksellers' publications. ^= Mr. Richardson possessed a serious and warm regard for religion, which is conspicuous in all his works. He was sober and temperate, regular and assiduous in business, of high integrity, and undoubted honour; p. careful kind father, and a good husban^. For liberality, generosity, and charity, he claims unqualified praise. His generosity knew no bounds, but the necessary attention to the welfare of a growing family. He was a great promoter, if not the first mover of the Magdalen Charity ; in short, his purse was ever open iQ any proper call upon it. In the qualities of cour- l^sy and hospitality, he was excelled by no man. TwQ ■ The 95th Number. OF FULHAM. 313 of his friends were nursed at his house in their last illness. In all the intercourses of civility he loved to be the obliger. He was always fond of female society, and gene- rally had a number of young ladies visiting at his house. He used to write in a little summer-house, or grotto, within his garden, at North-End, before the family were up, and when they met at breakfast, he communicated the progress of his story, when every turn, and every incident, was eagerly canvassed. " It is no slight encomium, when speaking of the moral character of a man, that a too great love of praise should be enumerated as its only foible. Of the vanity of Richardson, he who peruses his corre- spondence and his life, can have no doubt ; but let it be remembered, that he was an object of almost perpetual flattery, and that he had a host of virtues to counterbalance the defect. As a writer, he possessed original genius, and an unlimited command over the tender passions; yet, owiniy to the prolixity of his productions, and the povertj^of his style, his works are decreasing in popu- larity ; and it is possible, though an event to be deplored, that these deficiencies may ultimately con- sign him to obscurity ! So important is style to the preservation of literary labour.' Mr. Richardson was in habits of intimacy with many eminent and literary persons of his time, parti- cularly Dr. Young, Dr. Johnson, Aaron Hill, and ' Dr. Drake's Essays on the Rambler, &c. vol. ii. p. 72* S14 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Arthur Onslow, Esq., Speaker of the House of Com- mons, and he also carried on a correspondence with many literary characters abroad. In Dodsley's Collection are the following verses on an alcove at Parson's Green, by Mrs. Bennet, sister of Edward Bridgen, Esq., who married Richardson's daughter: O favourite Muse of Shenstone, hear ! And leave awhile his blissful groves ; Aid me this alcove to sing The author's seat whom Shenstone loves » Here the soul-harrowing genius form'd His Pamela's enchanting story, And here Clarissa died, A martyr to our sex's glory. 'Twas here the noble-minded Howe, With every generous passion glow'd. And here the gentle Belford's eyes With manly sorrows overflowed. Here Clementina, hapless maid ! With wild distress each bosom tears ; And here the lovely Harriet own'd A virgin's hopes, a virgin's fears. Here Emily, sweet artless girl. Fills every breast with strange delight. And when we fear her early fall. Secures her conquest by her flight. Here sprightly Charlotte's hum'rous wit Dispenses mirth to all around ; But, ah ! we tremble whilst we smile. Lest its fine edge herself should wound, OF FULHAM. 315 Here Grandison, to crown the whole, A bright exemplar stands confest. Who stole those virtues we admire From the great author's glowing breast. • O sacred seat ! be thou rever'd By such as own thy master's power ; And, like his works, for ages last, 'Till fame and language are no more.i South Field Farm^ near Parson's Green, has been in the possession of the family of Rench upwards of two centuries ; and during the whole of that time has been occupied as a nursery and garden-ground. The father of the late Mr. Rench produced in this garden the first pine strawberry and Chinese strawberry, and also the first auricula ever blown in this country. He also instituted the first annual exhibition of flowers, and died at the age of ninety-nine years, having had thirty-three children. The late Mr. Rench reared here the largest arbutus trees ever grown in England, several of which were fifty feet high, and was a successful cultivator of variegated hollies, and gave premiums for the dis- covery of new varieties. He was the first who intro- duced the nioss-rose tree into this country, the original plant of which is supposed to have been brought from Holland. This circumstance appears to have been hitherto unknown to any of our botanical writers. Gerard, in his Herbal," makes no mention of the ^loss-rose, hence may be inferred its introduction was ' Dodsley's Poems, vol. v. ^ Lysons, Supp. p. 447. 316 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT of a later date than his work ; Linnaeus considers it as a variety only of centifolia ; Miller is of opinion, that the moss-rose, or moss-provence, as it is often called, is a perfectly distinct species ; which seems to be confirmed from the moss-rose being found in its complete single state in the Nursery of Messrs. Lee and Kennedy/ Mr. Rench planted the elm-trees now growing in the Bird-cage Walk, St. James's Park ; the plants of which were reared in this nursery. He married two wives, and had twenty- three children by the first, and twelve by the second; and was able to walk sixteen miles in one day, after having attained the age of one hundred years. He died in the year 1783, in the same room of the same house in which he was born, and was buried in Fulham Church-yard/ Jv]/ Cottage. This unique villa is the property of Sir Robert Barclay^ Bart., and is situated on the King's Road, adjoining to Parson's Green. The whole, comprising about five acres, is enclosed in a ring-fence, and has the appearance, from its situation, of a complete wood. The grounds, garden, and pasture-land, are beau- tifully laid out. The farm is the exact model of one near Leyden in Holland. This villa is built in the gotliic style, and consists of two stories. The entrance * Obligingly communicated by Mr. Sydenham Edwards, who has figured this plant for the Botariical Magazine. * See page 1C8. OF FULHAM. 317 at the east end somewhat resembles, as to its exterior, the towers of the Old Temple at Paris. The dining-room, in the low^er story, is painted in the gothic style by a superior artist. In the north window is some very curious ancient painted glass, brought into this country at the commencement of the French Revolution, and was taken from the cathedral at Rennes in Brittany. In the upper story, the abbey- room over the drning-room, is also painted in an ancient gothic style, and is lighted by a beautiful painted window, the glass of which came out of the old cathedral at Caen in Normandy. Adjoining to this is a drawing-room very tastefully fitted up, and which communicates with the lawn below, by a curious staircase from the viranda in front of it. On the same floor is a large vaulted gothic library ; the cieling and screen doors, that shut up the compartments for the books, are painted on canvas by a very able artist. The just proportions and decorations of this room are esteemed by connoisseurs to be executed in a most perfect and masterly style. In the south front of the Dutch farm is a gothic hall, elegantly painted, with a green-house adjoining. There is a tradition that, on the site of this Bijou of a cottage, was formerly a house, the residence of Oliver Cromwell, which was then called The Old Red Ivy House. Part of the old walls of this building form the west side of the present cottage. 318 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT purser's cross Is situated on the Fulham Road, between Parson's Green and Walham Green. It is mentioned by this name, in the ancient parish books, so far back as 1602 ; but no satisfactory account can be given why it is so called. High Elms House^ usually called Fulham Park House, is the property of A. A. Powell, Esq., and occupied by Mrs. Bowen; it was built by the late Mr. Holland, and stands on part of the Manor of Rosamunds. An ancient house adjoining appears to be of the age of Elizabeth, and is commovAycdiWedi Rosamu7id^s Boxver. A respectable school is now kepjt here by the Rev. Joshua Ruddock, M. A., late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, who succeeded the late Rev. Thomas Bowen^ M.A., Chaplain of Bridewell Hospital, and Minister of Bridewell Precinct. Mr. Bowen was educated at Merchant Taylor's School, whence he was elected Scholar of St. John's College, Oxford, 1766, and proceeded Fellow, in 1769; B.A., in 1770; and M.A., in 1774. In 1799, he was appointed Chaplain to Sir Richard Carr Glynn, Lord Mayor of London, before whom he preached seven sermons, which were printed. He was also the author of Thoughts on the Necessity of Moral Discipline in Prisons, 1798." He died in the year 1600.' There is a benefaction arising to the poor of the parish from a part of the adjoining lands.* ' Gent. Mag. * See p. 155. OF FULHAM. 319 Adjoining to this estate is situated M?\ Ord's House and Gardens. This garden was first planted in the year 1756, by its present possessor, J. Ord, Esq., late Master in Chancery. It is not a little extraordinary, that this garden should, within the space of fifty-six years, (such have been the effects of good management and a fertile soil\ have produced trees, which are now the finest of their respective kinds in this kingdom. As a proof of this may be mentioned the following : Ft. Inch. The Sophora Japonica, planted anno 1756, then two feet high, now (1812) about fifty feet high, measures in girth, at three feet from the ground 10 1 It flowered first in 1807. Gingko Biloba st2ind?ird, planted 1767 • • 3 10 A Tree, the seed of which was given to Mr. Ord by the ' late Mr. A it on, as the Illinois Nut,^ about forty feet high, sown where it stands in 1759 3 0 Among other trees very remarkable for their growth, though not to be spoken of as the largest of their kind, are: Ft, Inch. The Juglans Nigra, sown where it stands in 1757, above sixty feet high 10 0 The Cedar of Lebanon, about sixty feet high, sown in 1754, planted where it now stands m 1757 10 0 The Rhus Vernix, or Varnish Sumach 5 1 The Willow-leaved Oak, sown in 1757 • • 5 10 Fraxinus Ornus, which is covered with flowers every year • • 3 10 Glcditsia Triacanthus, sown in 1759, produced pods two feet long in 1780, but the seeds imperfect 4 8 * The foliage more resembles the Juglans Nigra, than that of the Illinois Nut, in Kew Gardens. ' 320 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Ft. Inch, Accacia Common, sown in 1757, planted where it stands inl75B ' • 7 7 Ikx • • 6 9 Tulip Tree, sown where it stands in 1758, flowered first in 1782 - • 5 6 Cyprus deciduus, sown in 1760 5 6 Corylus Colurna, Constantinople Hazel, between thirty and forty feet high, bears fruit, but imperfect 3 2 Virginian Cedar, red ; sown in 1758 4 0 Guilandina Dioiea, or Bonduc 2 1 . Juglans Alba, or White Hickery 3 1 Lomiardy or Po Poplar, a cutting in 1766, near a hun- dred feet high 10 0 Poplar, planted in 1772 8 6 Here is also a very good collection of American plants ; amongst others, a fine Andromeda Arhorea^ planted about eight inches high, in March 1804; now eleven feet eight inches high. The Glastonbury Thorn flowered here on Christmas- day, 1793. In the kitchen-garden is a moss-rose which has been much admired. Many years ago, Mr. Ord ordered his gardener to lay a moss-rose, which, when done, he thought looked so well, he would not allow the layers to be taken off, but laid them down year after year, till it covered the ground it does at present, viz. a diameter of forty-seven feet ; want of room has con ^ fined it to its present size for several years. It is a remarkable circumstance, that two Agaves^ or American Aloes, flowered in Mr. Ord's green-house this summer; the one of which was a beautiful striped variety. These plants had been here since the year 1756- OF FULHAM. 321 Mr. Joseph Johnson, a well known and respectable bookseller in St. Paul's Church-yard, had a country house at Purser s Cross. He died herein 1809, and was buried in Fulhain Church-yard/ The following account of his life, written by his friend, Dr. J. Aikin, was published in the Gentle- man's Magazine : * Mr. Johnson was born at Liverpool, in November 1738, of parents who were Dissenters of the Baptist persuasion. He w^as sent to London at the age of fourteen, and after some time was apprenticed with Mr. George Keith, of Gracechurch-strcet He began business for himself in a shop on Fish-street-hill, a situation he chose as being in the track of the medical students resorting to the hospitals in the Borough, and which probably w^as the foundation of his connection with many eminent members of that profession. From that place he removed to Paternoster-row, where he lived some years in partnership, first, with Mr. Daven- port, and then with Mr. John Payne. His house and stock were entirely destroyed by fire in 1770; after which misfortune he removed to the shop in St. Paul's Church-yard, in which he thenceforth carried on business, without a partner, to the time of his death. The character Mr. Johnson established by his integrity, good sense, and honourable principles of dealing, soon raised him to eminence, as a publisher, and many of the most distinguished names in science and literature, during the last half century, appear in » See page 1€8. ^ Dec. 1809. r 322 IHSTORICAL ACCOIjNT works which he ushered to the world. Of a temper, the reverse of sanguine, with a manner somewhat cold and indifferent, and with a decided ai^ersion to all arts of puffing and parade ; the confidence and attachment he inspired were entirely the result of his solid judg- ment, his unaffected sincerity, and the friendly bene- volence with which he entered into the interests of all who were connected with him. Although he was not remarkable for the encouragement he held out to authors, the consequence of his being neither sanguine nor pushing, yet it was his invariable rule, when the success of a work surpassed his expectations, to make the writer a partaker in the emolument, though he lay under no other obligation to do so, than his own notion^ of justice and generosity. The kindness of his heart was equally conspicuous in all the relations of life. His house and purse were always open to the calls of friendship, kindred, or misfortune ; and per- haps few men of his means and condition have done more substantial services to persons, whose merits and necessities recommended them to his notice. It is well known that Mr. Johnson's literary connexions have lain in great part among the free enquirers, both on religious and political topics. He was himself, on conviction, a friend to such large and liberal discussion, as is not inconsistent with the peace and welfare of society, and the preservation of due decorum towards things really respectable. But these were limits, within which, both by temper and principles, he wished to see such discussion confined, for turbulence and sedition were utterly abhorrent from his nature, Whea OF FULHAM. 325 tlierefore, for the unconscious offence of selling a few copies of a pamphlet, of which he was not the pub- lisher, and which was a reply to one of which he had sold a much larger number, the opportunity was taken of involving him in a prosecution, that brought upon him the infliction of fine and imprisonment, it was by many considered as the ungenerous indulgence of a long-hoarded spleen against him, on account of publi- cations not liable to legal censure, though displeasing to authority. It is gratifying, however, to relate, that, during the height of party animosity, so little was he regarded personally as a party man, that he continued to number, among his intimate friends, several worthy persons of opposite sentiments and connexions, who, with himself, were capable of considering a man's performance of the duties of life apart from his specu- lative opinions. Although the majority of his publica- tions were of the theological and political class, yet the number of those in science and elegant literature, was by no means inconsiderable. Besides all the scientific writings of Dr. Priestly, he published many important works on medicine and anatomy, and others in dif- ferent branches of knowledge. Two Poets, of great modern celebrity, were by him first introduced to the public, Cowper and Darwin^. The former of these, with the diffidence, and perhaps the despondency of his character, had actually, by means of a friend, made over to him his two volumes of Poems, on no other condition, than that of securing him from expence ; but when the public, which neg- lected the first volume, had discovered the rich mine y 2 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT opened in ^' The Task," and assigned the author his merited place among the first rate English Poets, Mr. Johnson would not avail himself of his advantage, but displayed a liberality which has been warmly acknowledged by that admirable, though unfortunate, person. It is proper to mention, that his true regard for the interests of literature, rendered him an enemy to that typographical luxury, which, joined to the neces- sary increase of expence^, has so much enhanced the price of new books, as to be a material obstacle to the indulgence of a laudable and reasonable curiosity by the reading public. On this principle, he usually con- sulted cheapness rather than appearance in his own publications ; and if authors were sometimes mortified by his preference, the purpose of extensive circula- tions was better served. Mr. Johnson was of a weak and delicate frame of body, and was much afflicted with asthmatic complaints, w^hich visibly gained ground upon him as he advanced in years. The immediate cause of his dissolution was a pleuritic attack, under which he quietly sunk, after three days of patient auffering* He was never married. Here is also a capital house, the property and residence of J. Bruce, Esq, a magistrate for this county. Adjoining is a handsome house; the property of Bull, Esq, OF FULHAM. 325 A poor cripple, of the name of Thomas Collins, has taken up his daily station under the garden-wall of this house, for near forty years^ and subsists on the charitable contributions of passengers. It is said that a Cross formerly stood in this place ; but we have not found any proofs in corroboration of this tradition. 3^6 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT CHAPTER IX. Walham Green, North-End, No Man's Land, Ancient Homes afid Inhabitants* WALHAM GREEN Wa s formerly called Wendon Green, and was after- wards varied to Wandon, Wansdon, Wandham, and Walham Green. It was first so called in the Court Rolls of Fulham Manor, in J 693, but is still in writings occasionally called Wansdon Green, It takes its name from the Manor of Wendon, Nicholas Philpot and William Huntley, anno 1449:^ aliened all their lands called Wepdon, Rosamund's, and Lanes, in the parish of Fulham, to Sir Thomas Hasely, Deputy Marshal of England, and Clerk of the Crown. Two years afterwards, Agnes Hazely, being then the relict of Sir Thomas, demised her Manor of Wendon to Henry Weaver for thirty years, and soon after granted it to him in fee/ William Esse^ died seised of this manor, anno 1481; and it continued in his family till the reign of Queen Elizabeth, when it appears to have been aliened to John Tamworth, Esq., who resided at Parson's Green « J^ysons, vol. ii. p. 418. * See page 283. OF FULHAM. 327 and who, in 1565, settled the Manor of Wandowne upon his wife Christiana. In the year 1574, Thomas Sidney being in possession of this manor, sold it to Sir Thomas Knolles ; the latter aliened it, anno 1603, to Noadiah Rawlin and William Danson. This estate has been since divided, and great part of it is now the property of Messrs. W. and J. Stocken. This village consists of one principal street, through which the London Road passes. The buildings and population have considerably increased of late years. There were, till very lately, some ancient houses standing in this village, two of which, erected in 1595, (as appeared by a date on a truss in the front of one of them,) were pulkd down during the last summer. They were curious specimens of the style of architec- ture of the age in which they were erected. The common run of houses previous to the reign of Elizabeth, especially among the middling sort of people, were built with wood. They generally made large porches before their principal entrance, with a great hall and large parlours ; the frame- w^ork was con- structed of timber of such enormous size, that the materials of one house, as they built anciently, would make several of equal size according to the present mode of building. The common method of making walls was to nail laths to the timber-frame, and strike them over with rough plaster, which was afterwards whitened and ornamented with fine mortar ; and this last was often beautified with figures and other curious devices. The houses in the cities and towns, were y 4 328 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT built each story jetting forth over the former story, so that when the streets were not very wide, the people at the top from opposite houses, might not only talk and converse with each other, but even shake hands together. Their houses were covered with tiles, shingles, slate, or lead ; except in the city of London, where shingles were forbid/ In the house now occupied by Mr. King, formerly resided Mr. Bartholomew Rocque, an eminent Florist ; he was a brother of Mr. Rocque the Surveyor, who published several very useful maps, &c., particularly a Map of London and its Environs in 1748." In the London Magazine for June 1749, are some verses written by Mr. B. Rocque, of which the following are the concluding lines : " Hail, happy Isle, and happier Walham Greeq, Where all that's fair and beautiful are seen ! Where wanton zephyrs court the ambient air. And sweets ambrosial banish every care ; Where thought nor trouble social joy molest. Nor vain solicitude can banish rest. Peaceful and happy, here I reign serepe. Perplexity defy, and smile at spleen ; Belles, beaux, and statesmen," all around me shme^ All own me their supreme, me constitute divine. All wait my pleasure, own my awful nod. And change the humble gard'ner to the god." ' Strutt's Manners and Customs of the People of Englar^d, |ol. ii. p. 85. Alluding to the names of his flowers. OF FULHAM- 3^9 There is a large pond adjoining the road in the centre of this village, which it has lately been in agi- tation to fill up, and to erect upon the site a Chapel of Ease for the use of the inhabitants, they being at so great a distance from the mother-church. Here are several good houses, one of which is the property of J. Gregory, Esq., called Yoi^k House^ occupied by Mrs. Yates, as a Boarding School for young Ladies ; and another large house in Farm Lane is the freehold property of Mr. Francis Stockton. Mr. Thornton has lately made considerable im- provements here, and has built several new houses. There is a large Ale Brewery carried on here by Messrs. W. and J. Stocken, which was first established about half a century ago by the late Mr. Oliver Stocken. A small chapel for the Wesley an Methodists has lately been erected on the Fulham Road, near this place. NORTH END. This village extends from Walham Green to Ham- mersmith, and contains some good houses on botl^ sides the road, which have been successively occupied by several eminent and remarkable characters. Mr. Jacob Tonson, the celebrated bookseller, had a house for some time at North-End. Jacob Tonson acquired a large property as a book- seller, and had the character of being remarkably liberal to authors. He was Secretary to the Kit-Cat plub, held originally at Christopher Cats, who kept; 330 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT the Fountain Tavern in the Strand, but afterwards at Barn Elms in Surry. The Duke of Somerset, pre- senting him with his portrait, all the other members of this celebrated club did the same ; they were engraved in mezzotinto, and published in 1733 by Faber. The paintings are now the property of William Baker, Esq., late M.P. for Hertfordshire. Mr. Tonson lived to the age of eighty, and died at Ledbury in Herefordshire in 1735. Mr. Nichols, in the first volume of his Literary Anecdotes, has given a long account of him and his family. The house formerly occupied by Mr, J. Richardson ^ of which a view is given in his Correspondence," is situated near Hammersmith Turnpike. It has been lately altered, and is now occupied as two houses. In the year 1718, Hicks Borough surrendered a messuage at North-End, called Browne s Hoiise^ which had been formerly Lord Griffin's, to Sir John Stanley, Bart, from whom it passed, anno 1735, to William Monk, Esq. It w^as afterwards the property of Francis Earl Brooke, who aliened it to the late Marquis of Downshire. It was purchased in the year 1761 by the late Sir Gilbert Heathcote, who expended great sums of money in the embellishing it, and im- proving the gardens, and made it one of the most delightful retreats in the vicinity of London. The plan and disposition of the grounds excited universal admiration. The late Sir Gilbert Heathcote, Bart., married OF FULHAM. 331 in 1749 Margaret, youngest daughter of Philip, late Earl of Hardwicke, who died in child-bed in i76*9, and secondly, in 1770, the only daughter of Robert Hudson, Esq., many years an East India Captaui and Director. Sir Gilbert died in November 1785, and was buried at Normanton in the County of Rutland. The Dowager Lady Heathcote continued to reside here till the year 1796, when the present Baronet sold this estate for 11,000/. The house has been since pulled down, and the gardens converted into brick- fields. The road adjoining these premises has been very much raised, as appears by an ancient wall, ihe top of which is not more than eighteen inches above it. Footers House. The house now occupied by Capt. Cormand was erected by Mr. Foote, who resided here for many years, and expended several thousand pounds upon the building and improving of this his favourite villa. This celebrated dramatist, called the English Aristophanes, was a native of Truro in Cornwall. His father was Member of Parliament for Tiverton in Devonshire ; and his mother being heiress of the Dinely and Goodere families, in consequence of an unhappy and fatal quarrel between the two brothers, came into the possession of a considerable estate. He received the rudiments of his education at Wor- cester College, Oxford, which owed its foundation to his second cousin, Sir T. Cooke Winford. From thence he removed to the Temple, with the intention of studying the Law ; but the general dryness of that 332 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Study, clashing with his natural vivacity of temper, prompted him to look forward to the stage, as a more eligible resource to favour his inclination and fortune. He chose the part of Othello to make his first appearance in ; but we find him soon after abandoning Tragedy, and striking out into a new untrodden path, in which he at once hit off the tone of his genius^ afforded entertainment to the public, and emolument to himself. This was by taking on himself the double character of author and performer, in which capacity, in 1747, he opened the Little Theatre in the Hay- market, with a dramatic piece, called " The Diversions of the Morning/' This piece consisted of nothing more than the introduction of several well known living characters, whose manner of conversation and expression this author had very happily hit off. This performance was stopped after the second night, through the interest, and at the request of Mr. J. Lacey, at that time Patentee of Drury Lane Theatre ; but the author, being patronised by many of the principal nobility and others, this opposition was over-ruled, and with the alteration of the title of the piece to that of Mr. Foote giving Tea to his Friends," he performed it upwards qf forty mornings to crowded and splendid audiences. In the following season he produced another piece of the same kind, entitled An Auction of Pictures." Thus successful, he continued to amuse thje towq annually with his performances, and a variety of pieces somewhat iijore regular, all suited to his own particu« lar talent, or in allusion to the manners of the day. OF FULHAM. 333 In 1760 he performed The Minor," at the Hay- market, with such success as determined him to apply for a patent to enable him to open it as a regular sum- mer theatre whilst the others were shut up. This measure he at length accomplished in the year 1766, chiefly through the following means. Being on a visit at Lord Mexborough's Seat, he had the misfortune to break his leg by a fall from his horse. This accident so affected the Duke of York, who was one of the party, that his Royal Highness interested himself very warmly in his favour. In 1776^ he drew a character intended for the Duchess of Kingston, a lady whose conduct w^as then much canvassed before the public, but she had influence enough to obtain a prohibition of the representation of the piece ; and in the controversy which this incident occasioned, imputations the most foul were thrown out against his character, and a legal process insti- tuted against him; but the accusation was proved to originate in malice, and he was honourably acquitted.* This celebrated contest excited more attention than perhaps any literary jeu (T esprit of tlie age in which it was agitated; much abuse and dirt was thrown on both sides ; to which of the parties the greatest quan- tity adhered, the reader may be enabled to judge by a reference to the Memoirs of the respective parties, ^or the honour of human nature and manhood, we truBt that the taunts of the Duchess were undeserved; and that the verdict of a British Jury will at all times be able to efface the vindictive sarcasms of an indignant female, * Life of the Duchess of Kingston, p. 42, 334 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT The shock however preyed upon his spirits, and he resolved to dispose of his patent to Mr. Colman, which he accordingly did in the year 1777. A few days afterwards Mr. Foote was seized with a paralytic fit while on the stage, from which he recovered sufficiently to spend the summer at Brighton, and from thence, on the approach of winter, he was advised to visit France. He accordingly proceeded to Dover, on his way to Calais; but on his arrival was una- ble to proceed farther, and after a few hours illness, died there on the 20th of October, 1777. He was buried in Westminster Abbey. As an author, his dramatic works are all to be ranked among the petit pieces of the theatre, as he never attempted any thing which reached to the more perfect drama ; they are sometimes loose, negligent, and unfinished, seeming rather to be the hasty productions of a man of genius, than the finishings of an accurate dramatist, yet they contain strong marks of comedy, and exhibit more character than the writings of any of his contemporaries. In his private character, Foote was respectable ; and the wit and humour of his conversation were very powerful. Dr. Johnson, (as Boswell relates,) met him for the first time at Fitzherbert's. " Having no good opinion of the fellow," says he, I was resolved not to be pleased, and it is very difficult to please a man against his will. I went on eating my dinner, pretty sullenly affecting not to mind him, but the dog was so very comical, that I was obliged to lay down my knife and fork, throw myself back in my chair, and fairly laugh it out. Sir, he was irresistible."' * BoswelFs Life of Johnson* OF FULHAM. 335 As an actor, his powers of imitation were so great as to give additional force to his merit as a dramatist. Few authors can boast of having written so many pieces ; some are still occasionally represented, and though much of their satire is lost, they still afford amusement and entertainment. His dialogue, in general, is terse, easy, and witty, but abounds in such personalities, and licentiousness of language, as would not now be tolerated on the stage. His scenes teem with true humour; and, under the mask of infinite plea- santry, convey the strongest satire. He borrowed liberally from Moliere, but made all his own by his peculiar powers of humour and originality. His w^orks have been collected and published in four volumes, octavo.' Mr. Bartolozzi came to reside, in the year 1777, in the house opposite to Foote's Villa. His benevo- lent disposition was shewn in many instances, and the poor of the neighbourhood frequently experienced his liberality. Francis Bartolozzi was born at Florence in 1730, and received his first instruction in drawing and design from an artist named Feretti, in his native place. From hence he went to Venice, and studied engraving under Joseph Wagner. He very early made great progress in his profession, and etched and engraved, in a superior style, a number of landscapes and other subjects, after Marco Ricci, Zuccarelli, and others, which were published at Venice by Wagner. He * Cooke's Life of Foote, Lempriere's, Biog. Dictionary, 336 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT afterwards went to Florence and Milan, where he Was for some time employed by the booksellers and print- dealers. About 1764 he came to London, where he soon found employment more suitable to his talents, and where he has successively published those numerous and excellent works which have raised him to the highest rank in his profession. To enumerate his prints here would be foreign to our purpose. He has been equally successful in the distinct excellencies of chalk and line engraving. To the greatest accuracy of delineation, this eminent artist has united a clearness and freedom of stroke, a force and delicacy of expression, and a taste and power in the effect of his works, which have never been excelled, Bartolozzi is one of those fortunate artists, to whom his own times have rendered justice, and whose talents have been remunerated in the great price his works have constantly brought. During his stay in England he has instructed a number of pupils, many of whom have exhibited great and splendid talents. Several of these have resided, or still continue to reside, in the neighbourhood of North-End, particularly Mr. Delatre, Mr. Vandenburgh, Mr. Scheneker, Mr. Tonikins, &c. A few years since he was invited to Lisbon by the Prince Regent, who settled on him a handsome pen- sion, which was continued to him by the French on their invasion of Portugal in 1807, wdth pressing invi- tations to settle in France. He still remains at Lisbon, where he continues to employ his unabated talents. He is a Member of the Royal Academy, and Governor of the Society of Engravers. OF FULHAM, 337 NO man's land. This village contains about six houses, and is situated between Fulham Field on the west, and North-End on the east. Here is an ancient house, bnce the residence of the family of. Plumbe, several of w4iom were buried in Fulham Church. They resided here in the reign of Eli-- zabeth, as appears from Norden's Speculum Britannia^, Normand House. Here is also a capital house, now called Normand HousCj a view of which is annexed, surrounded by a wall inclosing about eight acres of land. Over the principal gateway, in the centre of the arch, is the date, 1664, cut in the brick. This place is said to have been used as an hospite^l for persons recovering from the great plague in 1665. It is now in the occupation of Mr. JonaLs Hall and Miss Pope, and is appropriated for the reception of ^ insane ladies ; for which purpose it appears well adapted from its retired situation and salubrious air. 338 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT CHAPTER X. Hammersmith^ General Description, Ancient Houses and Inhabitants, The Hammersmith Division, or Side, as it is called, of Fulham Parish, is situated on the great M^estern road, and extends thence to the river-side. It includes Brook-Green, Pallenswick, or Stanbrook-Green, and Shepherd's Bush. It is rather more populous than the Fulham Side. During the Interregnum, it was proposed to make the hamlet parochial, and to add to it Sir Nicholas Crispe's house, and a part of North-End, extending from the common highway to London unto the end of Gibbs's Green.* The Hammersmith Division contains about 1540 acres of land exclusive of waste, of which about 750 are arable, about 540 under grass, and about 250 occupied by market-gardeners. The method of culti- vation pursued here is similar to that already described in Fulham.'' Hammersmith, standing about a mile north-west of Fulham, (says Bowack), called in Doomsday-Book ' Lysons, vol. ii. p. 401. See p. 13. OF FULHAM. 339 Hermoderwode, and in ancient deeds in the Exche- quer, Hermoderworth^ which is an evidence of its antiquity, because it was in that time a place well known. We shall not attempt accounting for the present name of it, Hammersmith, which is somewhat odd, unless supposing time has melted those rough Saxon sounds will do, which indeed seems more pro- bable than several conjectures we heard about it, or that ridiculous account firmly believed by some of the inhabitants of Fulham and Putney, as well as of this place ; viz. that the two churches of the two first named places were, many ages since, built by two sisters of gigantic stature, who had but one hammer between them, which they used to throw over the river, from one to another, when they wanted it ; but one time, in its fall, it happened unfortunately upon its claws and broke them, so that the pious work must have unavoidably stood still if they could not have got it mended ; but going to a smith that lived at this place, he set all to rights again ; and for such a public piece of service, it has ever since retained the name of Hammersmith. This fantastic relation is inserted only for the reader's diversion^ and to let him see the force of tradition, and how strangely the ignorant may be imposed upon, especially if there is the least sha- dow of truth to support it. as there is here, the towers of the two churches being exactly alike, and propor- tionable, though Fulham is the largest, built of the same stone, and, by the condition of both, about the same time, and the name of Hammersmith colours the I 2 340 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT whole story admirably well, and puts its certainty with them out of doubt.' This village is situated upon the Thames, and ex- tends north as far as the great western road ; it has several good houses in and about it, inhabited by \ gentry and persons of quality, and for above a hundred years past has been a summer retreat for nobility and wealthy citizens, especially from about the years 1620, and the late unnatural rebellion, as will appear bye and bye. It stands within the parish of Fulham as before mentioned, to which church this chapel here is a chapel of ease ; therefore its bounds are already taken notice of in that parish, and consequently its whole limits known, when the reader is acquainted where it is divided eastward from Fulham, which division begins at the Thames a little to the east of this place, and runs irregularly towards the north and north-east, as far as the parish of x^cton/ When the inhabitants of Fulham and the inhabitants of Hammersmith did mutually agree to divide the parish, it was also agreed that a ditch should be dug as a boundary between them, it being the custom of those davs to divide districts in this manner; where- upon a ditch was dug for the above purposes. This water-course begins a little to the west of the elegant seat of the late Bubb Doddington, Esq. ; there it is formed into canals, fish-ponds, &c. ; out of his gar- dens it ei^osseth the road from Fulham Field to Hammer- s-mitb, and so in a meandering course bearing westerly ^ Aiitiquities of Middlesex, p, 47. ^ Ibid. p. 48. OF FULHAM. 341 and northerly, it crosseth the London Road opposite the road leading to Brook-green, and from thence, on the north side of the London Road^ it runs easterly, and falls into Chelsea Creek at Counter's Bridsie. It was at this time that Hammersmith was consti- tuted a hamlet, and had a constable appointed to preside over it. But it was not till it had a chapel that it grew populous, and then the hamlet provided for its own poor.' The town of Hammersmith consists of several streets, the principal of which is King-street; in the centre of which is an open space called the Broad- way, from which Queen-street branches to the south and leads to the church, and Love-lane leads to Brook- green on the north. King-street commences at Counter's Bridge, and extends to Stanford- Brook-lane westward upwards of a mile and a half in length, and through which passes the Bath or great western road. On the south side from Counter's Bridge, nearly half a mile belongs to the Fulham side of the parish ; that part which is in Hammersmith division com- mences at the Black Bull public-house. The north side of King-street comprehends Brook- green Terrace, Dorville's-row, Grove-place, and Westcroft-place. In the center of the Broad-way is the Hammersmith Coffee-house, where the petty sessions for the Kensington division of the county are usually held, ^ MS Account of Fulham, in the possession of J. Britton, Esq, l3 342 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT The town has been greatly improved within thes$ few years, having been paved by the Trustees of the Brentford roads. These and other improvements have been principally made under the direction of Richard Hill, Esq., a magistrate for the county, resident here, and Treasurer of these roads. In Norden's time, there was an hospital at Hammer-^ smith, of which not a trace now remains. Jt stood, as appears by his Survey, by the side of the western road near Stanford Brook. Among the Cartse Antiquae, at the British Museum, is a bond of John Payne, Proctor of the hospital at Hammersmith, dated 1578, to account for alms which he had a license to collect in the counties of Bucking- ham and Northampton. The Spitleman at Hammersmith is mentioned in the Churchwarden's Accounts, anno 1591/ Convent of English Benedictines. This Nunnery, which is situated in King-street, near the Broad-way, is said, by tradition, to have existed before the Reformation^ and escaped the general destruction of religious houses, from its want of endowment ; it was re-established in the reign of Charles II., and took its rise from the following cir- cumstance: In the year 1669, Mrs. Beddingfield, a relation of the first Baronet of that family, in conjunction with another lady set up a Boarding-School at Hammersmith for young ladies of the Roman Catholic persuasion. ^ Lysons, vol. ii. p. 421. OF FULHAM. 343 This school had been previously established in St. Martin's Lane, and was removed here on account' of the retired situation and salubrity of the air. There are now forty young ladies educated here. Soon after its institution, the governesses and teachers having voluntarily obliged themselves to the observance of monastic rules, it obtained the name of a nunnery, which claim it still keeps up, many devotees having from time to time taken the veil, and doomed themselves to voluntary seclusion. The famous Titus Oates had a commission to search the nunnery in the year 1680, and his Report is thus related in two newspapers, published at that time, of opposite principles : Information being given to Dr. Oates that at a house in Hammersmith, near London, several sus- picious persons did usually meet, he went immediately thereupon and acquainted the Lords of the Council with it ; upon which they issued out a warrant to one of his Majesty's Messengers, who, taking to his assist- ance one of the justices of the peace of the County of Middlesex, and as many other officers as was thought convenient; and, accompanied with Dr. Oates and his servants well armed, they went to Hammersmith, and going privately into the town, they sent for Justice Yersbey, who, with a head constable, and other officers, together wath Dr. Oates and the Messenger, went to Mrs. Beddingfield's house, who is a kinswoman of Beddingfield the Jesuit, and upon search they found divers children of several persons of quality, and three or four women to attend them ; Mrs. Beddingfield z 4 344 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT herself did not appear^ they being told that she was gone beyond sea; but there was an ancient gentle- woman in the house, who it seems was left as gover- ness, whom the Justice ordered to appear the next day. Upon further search, several popish books were seized upon, with an altar-stone, and some other trin- kets belonging to Popish priests, which were all left in the hands of the Justice. They then proceeded to? the top of the house, and there, between two houses, they found an outlandish person, who said he was a Walloon, and that he belongs to the Spanish Ambas- sador. This person, together with the Governess, were ordered to appear before the Council, and the Justice at the same time to attend with the Examina- tions taken before him. This house went under the name of a Boarding School, yet we are told that Dr. Gates, and some others, have had an account, that under that pretence there is a private nunnery main- tained, to educate the children of several of the Popish nobility and gentry in the Romish superstition and idolatry."' A house in Hammersmith having been much fre? quented by persons, whose mien and garb rendered them suspected, Dr. Gates was informed that several Jesuits and Priests lay there concealed, but on strict search found no man there hut an outlandish gentlcT man, who appci^red to be Secretary to the Ambassador of the Spanish King, upon the list of his servants in the Secretary's OfficCo ' No. 55, Domestic Intelligence, or News both from City an4 |3ountry, Tuesday, Jan. 13, 1679-80. OF FULHAM. 345 " It seems the mistress of the house, who is much admired for her extraordinary learning, beyond her sex and age, understanding excellently well the Latin, Greek, Hebrew, and several modern languages, being also very well read in most parts of philosophy and the mathematics, has been often visited by ingenious men, foreigners and others, her admirers, which gave occasion to the information against her; but being examined before his Majesty in Council, and making oath that she harboured no such obnoxious persons as had been suggested by Dr. Oates, she was imme- diately acquitted, and the gentleman was delivered to the Ambassador his master.'" In the year 1795, when Robespierre was at the head of the revolutionary government of France, all the nunneries were suppressed, their property confiscated, and the nuns turned out into the world without resources, and without friends. Among others, who suffered under the tyranny of that sanguinary monster, were the English Benedictines of Dunkirk, who, with two other communities of Nuns^ were placed under arrest, and sent to Gravelines, where they remained in a most perilous situation during eighteen months, subjected to every kind of privation and insult. At length the death of Robespierre^ who fell by the hand of the public executioner at Paris, effected a change in the government, and soon after the English Benedictines obtained leave to quit that unhappy country, and found an asylum on English ground : Misfortune's refuge, and the Muse's seat.'' ' The True Domestic Intelligence. Tuesday, Jan. 13, 1679-80. 346 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT In Robespierre's Pocket-Book was found in- scribed the names of these ladies, and from which it appeared that they had been doomed to an early destruction. Soon after their arrival, they were settled here. The present Lady Abbess is a native of Yorkshire; and the number of religious at present in the convent is sixteen. The convent is of considerable magnitude, and is approached from the entrance by an arcade in imitation of cloisters. In a small room are portraits of Mrs. Beddingfield and a lady, the first foundresses. At the eastern extremity is the chapel, which was new-built in the year 181], at the expence of 1600/. which was defrayed by voluntary subscription. It is a handsome edifice, about fifty feet long and twenty- four feet wide ; there are eight windows bordered with stained glass, which produce a good effect. There is a large garden * behind the Nunnery, the upper part of which is parted off for a burial-ground ; the stones are laid flat on the turf ; the sisters are placed, as is usual, among Roman Catholics, with their feet to the east ; the priests alone have their heads towards the altar. There are about twenty grave-stones with short inscriptions, from which we have selected the follow- ing: OF FULHAM. 347 Mary Magdalen, Prujean Lady Abbess of the Benedictines late of Dunkirk, Died 15 May, 1812, ^ in the 87th year of her age. May she rest in peace. Here lies the Body of The Right Reverend Lady Mary Anne Clavering, Late Abbess of the English Benedictine Dames of Pontoise, Who died the 8th day of November, 1795, in the 65 Year of her Age. May she rest in peace. Here lies the Body of The Reverend Nichs. Clavering, who died Oct. 18, 1^05, aged 77. May he rest ip peace. This gentleman was a brother of Lady Clavering ; he came from France with the community, and boarded in the convent till the time ef his death. 348 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Here lies the Body of Dame M. Teresa Armstrong, who died July 24, 1800, aged 73 years. At the east end of the burial-ground stands an ancient wooden Cross about five feet high ; on which is represented, in twenty-four compartments, the Passion of Christ. This relic was brought from France, and is he]d in great veneration by the Religious. The Independent Meeting y Which is situated in the Broad-way, and of which Mr. Raffles was Pastor, was established about the time of the Revolution. David Miller, author of a History of Religious Knowledge, called Miller's Propagation of the Gospel," and some controversial works, particularly in defence of the divinity of Christy was Pastor of this Meeting.' ' Queen Street^ In which the Chapel of St. Paul, already described,^ is situated, leads out of the Broad-way, southerly, to the Thames, where there is an open wharf for landing of goods. On the west side of this sj;reet is situated the Parsonage House. About the year 1738, it was in agitation to erect a large square, and other streets, leading from the high road towards the chapel parallel with Queen-street, ' Lysons, Supp. p. 157. ^ See p. 118. OF FULHAM. 549 The magnitude of these plans, however, prevented them from ever being carried into execution. The original designs and elevations are now in the pos- session of Mr. Gomme. The Turnpike near the Church was erected in the fourth year of the reign of his present Majesty, and is under the controul of the Kensington Trust. The church-yard is separated from the street by a dwarf wall, and is planted with trees. It contains a great number of tombs and monumental inscriptions, from which we have selected the following : Daniel Malthus, 1717; Sydenham Maltluis, 1757; John Elring- ton^ 1724; Edward Trevor, Esq. 174(i; JohnThornhill, Esq. 1737; John ThornhiU, jun. Esq. 1779; Thomas Coleman, Gent. 1757; Samuel Bever, Esq. 1762; John Hammet, Esq. 176'5; Mrs. Catharme Green, 1768 ; John Nicholas, Esq. 1770; Isaac Dupuy, 1771 ; Zephaniah Holwell, Esq. 1771 ; Mr. John Edwards, 1772 ; Elizabeth Genevieve, 1773; Mr, James Travers, 1774 ; John Davis, Esq. 1775; John Harris, Esq. 1778 ; Anna Maria Elizabeth Rose Du Parce La Francesina, 1778; Henry Record, 1778 ; William Lewis, 1780; Mr. Thomas Rowley, 1781 ; Francis Degen, Esq. 1783 ; Rev. Joseph Bolton, 1783; Mr. David de Charms, 1783; Thomas Cowper, Esq. 1784; Elizabeth Weltje, 1790; Joseph Herne, 1799 ; Mrs. J. Cotton, 1801 ; Mrs. Charles Thom, 1801; Mr. WilmerWillet, 1803; Mrs. M.A. Wiilet, 1804 ; Mrs. J. Richardson, 1803; Lawrence La Forest, 1803; Mrs. M. Palmer, 1805 ; Mr. James Roberts, 1806; Mr. J. Hilbert, 1808 ; Miss M. Walmesley, 1807; Mr. Charles Grover, 1810; Mr. H. S. Forster, 1803; Mr. F.L. Parr, 1810; Mrs. L. Girdler, 1811; Mr. J. Price, 1810. This church suffered greatly by the storm which happened in the year 1780; part of the tower was blown down, the two great windows in the chancel / 350 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT were entirely destroyed, and other damages were done. The whole expense of the repairs occasioned by this disaster, amounted to nearly 1300/. Butterwick House Is situated in Queen-street, facing the Church, and was formerly the residence of Edmund Sheffield, Earl of Mulgrave, and Baron of Butterwick, who died at Hammersmith in the year 1646. It appears, that William Chalkhill conveyed this house and premises in the year 1666, by the name of the Manor-house and Farm of Butterwick, to Robert Moyle, Esq. ; Walter, son and heir of Robert Moyle, in the year 1677, conveyed it to the Trustees for the use of Anne Cleve ; who, in 1700, aliened it to Henry Feme, Esq., Receiver-General of the Customs. Mr. Ferne modernised the house, and added some apartments towards the north. They were intended, as it is said, for the residence of Mrs. Oldfield, the celebrated actress, to whom Mr. Ferne was at that time much attached, but the connection was broken off before the building was completed.* This house was afterwards the property of Edmund Tumor, Esq. of Stoke Rochford, in the County of Lincoln, who married one of Mr. Feme's daughters and co-heirs, and was sold by him, in 1736, to Elijah Impey, Esq., whose son Michael, brother of Sir Elijah Impey, late Lord Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Judicature in Bengal, lately resided here. ^ Lysons, vol. ii. p. 416. OF FULHAM. 351 In the garden belonging to this house is a fine cedar of Libanus, the girth of which, at three feet from the ground, is ten feet seven inches. This mansion is now the property of Sir Elijah Impey's family, and is divided into two houses; the ancient part is occupied by the Miss Atwoods, as a Boarding School for young Ladies. Bradmore House. The north partis occupied by the Rev. Dr. Chisholm, as a school, and is called Bradmore House. The apartments on the north are much admired for the beauty of the architecture. The principal front is ornamented with four stone columns^ two of the Corinthian, and two of the Doric order. The brick- work is executed with great elegance, and is divided into several compartments surmounted by a pediment. Over the whole is an elegant stone balustrade. The approach to the principal room is by a flight of stone steps, at the bottom of which is a niche in red brick-work, supported by two fluted columns of the Ionic Order ; in the center of the niche, is a head of Silenus. The whole is an admirable piece of workmanship. The principal room is thirty feet long, and is used as a school-room. The present proprietor has expended considerable sums in repairing and embellishing this splendid building. In this garden is another large cedar, which mea siares in the narrowest part nine feet in girth. 353 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Edmund Lord Sheffield^ was knighted by the Earl of Nottingham, Lord Admiral, for his distinguished bravery in the engagement with the Spanish Armada, in 1588. He was afterwards made Governor of the Brill, one of the cautionary towns delivered by the states of Holland to Queen Elizabeth. In the 14th of James I. he was constituted Lord President of the North; and on the 7th of February 1625, was created by Charles I., Earl of Mulgrave. He died in 1646 at the age of eighty. Lord Mulgrave was singularly unfortunate in his family ; four of his sons being drowned, and the fifth son^ Sir John Sheffield, (who was the father of John Sheffield, Duke of Buckingham), was killed by a fall from his horse in his own riding house." Edward Suit 071 Lord Dudley resided at Hammersmith about 1614, as appears from the parish-books. He succeeded his father in 1586. He married Theodosia, daughter of Sir James Harrington, Knt., by whom he had three daughters, and one son, Ferdinando, who was made Knight of the Bath at the creation of Henry Prince of Wales in 1610. Sir Ferdinando died in his fathers life-time, leaving an only daughter, for whom her grandfather," says Dugdale, had little regard, betaking himself wholly to a concubine, on whom he begat divers children ; and so far wasted his estate in support of her and them, that he left not much of that fair inheritance which descended to him ; * Lysons, vol. ii. p, 409. OF FULHAM. 353 and it is so clogged with debts, that for the disengaging thereof he married Frances, 'his grand-daughter and heir, to Humble Ward the son of William Ward, a wealthy goldsmith of London, Jeweller to the late Queen."' Lord Dudley died June 23, 1643. Ralph Eure, Lo7'd Eiire^ ,v;?is also resident here about the same period, and succeeded to the title in 1593. He married Mary, the only daughter of Sir John Dawney of Sesay, in Yorkshire ; and in the 5th year of James L he succeeded Lord Zouch, as Lord President of Wales. It appears, also, he had another wife, not mentioned by Dugdale, as Mr. Chamber- layne, in a letter to Sir Ralph Winwood, Jan. 9, 1612, says, The Lord Ewer is newly married to the Lady Hunsdon, Sir Richard Spencer's sister." This was the widow of George, second Lord Hunsdon, who died September 9, 1603.' Lord Eure died about 1617- Sir i. Jenkins^ when he retired from public busi- ness, came to reside here, where he died in the follow- ing year.^ Sir Leoline Jenkins was born at Llantrissent in Gla- morganshire. As his father's circumstances were but narrow, and he was a distant relation of David Jenkins, the famous Welsh Judge, that gentleman contributed * Dugdale's Baronage, voLii. p. 217- ^ Mem, Peers of England in the Reign of James I. p. 328. ^ Lysons, vol.ii. p. 406. 2 A 354 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT something towards his education. He was sent to Oxford, and about the time he took his bachelor's degree, Sir John Aubrey sent for him to his house at Llantrithied to instruct his eldest son ; he also took several other young gentlemen under his care. He returned to Oxford with his pupils, and afterwards tra- velled with Mr. Lewis Aubrey. On the resignation of Dr. Francis Mansell, soon after the Restoration, he w^as elected Principal of Jesus College, and to which he was afterwards a Benefactor. He soon after retired to Lon- don, and was made Judge of the Admiralty and of the Prerogative Court. In 1669 he was sent Ambassador to France, and in 1673 was sent to Cologn in quality of Plenipotentiary with the Earl of Arlington and Sir Joseph Williamson. In 1675, he was appointed Plenipotentiary at Nimeguen, together with Lord Berkeley and Sir William Temple ; and in 1680 he succeeded Mr. Henry Coventry in the office of Secretary of State. He died September 1, 1685, aged sixty- two.' His body was removed to Oxford ; and having lain in state in the Divinity School, a funeral oration was pro- nounced over it by the public orator previous to its interment in Jesus College Chapel.^ Dr, William Sheridan^ brother to Dr. Patrick Sheridan, Bishop of Cloyne, w ho had been successively Chaplain to Sir Maurice Eustace, Lord Chancellor of Ireland, and to James, Duke of Ormond, the Viceroy ; * Granger, vol. iii. p. 351. Aubrey's MSS. Ashmolean Museum. * WoocVs Athen. Oxon. vok ii. OF FULHAM. 355 was consecrated Bishop of Killaloe in 1669, and translated to Kilmore in 1681 ; but declining to take the oaths at the Revolution, he was deprived in 1690. He was a man of abilities, as his sermons prove, and a great loss to the church of his native country. He came over to England, and probably was befriended by his patron the Duke of Ormond, until his death, which happened at Hammersmith, where he had some time resided. He was buried in Hammersmith church- yard Octobers, 1711. He published three volumes of sermons, besides some that were printed suigly. The Rev. Mikepher Alphery was born in Russia, and descended from the laiperial line ; a powerful faction in that country rendering his stay there unsafe, he was sent to England with two brothers, who died of the small-pox at Oxford. It is said that he was more than once invited back to Russia, to take upon him the government of that country ; but preferring a retired life to the cares of state, he entered into holy orders, and held the living of Woolley in Huntingdon- shire, of which he was dispossessed by the Puritans, who turned him out of doors, and exposed both him and his family to much immediate distress. After which he removed to Hammersmith, and continued there till the Restoration. It is probable he had a large family and many children at the time of his sufferings ; for it appears by the Register of his Parish, that he had eight baptized during his abode there before the Rebellion. His fifths were duly paid to him by his successor S A 2 S56 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT which were, it is presumed, his chief support, until the year 1660, when he returned to his living, and con- tinued upon it some time ; but at length retired to Hammersmith, to the house of his eldest son, and died there. He was universally commended and well spoken of by such of his ancient parishioners who remembered him/ Sir Philip Meadows was employed by Oliver Cromwell, in 1657, as Envoy to Denmark, where he negotiated a reconciliation between that court and Sweden; for his success in which, the King of Den- mark made him a Knight of the Order of the Elephant. He was knighted by Charles II. in 1662. In the reigns of William and Mary, and Queen Anne, he was one of the Commissioners of Trade and Planta- tions, and Knight Marshall, which latter office was enjoyed by his son and grandson. Sir Philip died in 1718, at the age of ninety-four, and was buried at Hammersmith ; his son also reached the age of eighty-seven, and his grandson ninety-three. Sir Philip published a narrative of the principal actions in the wars between Sweden and Denmark, 8vo, in 1677, and wrote a small Tract on the right of transferring allegiance, which is amongst Smith's MSS. in the Bodleian Library."" Lady Annabella Howard was widow of Sir Robert Howard, the dramatic writer. She was the Hon, » Walk. Suff. Clergy, p. 181. ^ Lysons, vol, ii, p. 415. OF FULHAM. 357 Mrs. Dives, one of the Maids of Honour to Queen Mary. Sir Robert, who was a younger son of the first Earl of Berkshire, had four wives ; and at the time of this his last marriage, must have been above seventy years of age. After Sir Robert's death, which hap- pened in 1698, his widow married the Rev. Edward Martyn, and resided at Hammersmith, as appears by his Will in the Prerogative Office.^ Lady Howard was buried here, Sept. 7, 1728. Lower Mall Faces the river, and consists of about twenty good houses, nearly in the centre of which are several fishermen's huts, called Little Wapping, that detract .much from the value of this part of the village, which must be considered as a most beautiful spot, com- manding extensive views of the Surry hills and the adjacent country. In the garden belonging to a house in this Mall, formerly Dr. Michael Hutchinson's, and late in the occupation of Mrs. Cotton, are two remarkably fine catalpa-trees ; one of them measures six feet six inches, and the other six feet two inches in girth. ^ This house is at present unoccupied. About the year 1684, Sir Samuel Morkmd purchased a house at Hammersmith near the water-side, now occupied by Dr. Bathie, and known by the name of Walbrough House. He was created a Baronet in 1661 for his signal services to Cliarles H. during his ' Lysons, Supp. p. 155. ^ Ibid. p. 154. 2 A 3 358 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT exile ; and in 1 679, a pension of 400/. was settled on him and his lady for their lives. He was one of the Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber, and was presented with a gold rnedal, and made Master of the Mechanics in 1 681. He contrived an engine for raising water under the statue of Charles 11. in the great court at Windsor Castle/ and invented the drum-cap stands for weighing heavy anchors, the speaking-trumpet, and several useful engines. He died, and was buried at Hammersmith in 1696. Sir S. Moreland gave a pump and well adjoining to his house for the use of the public, which benefaction was recorded upon a tablet fixed in the wall."" This pump has been removed, and the stone tablet is preserved in the garden of the house. Sir Edward Nevill^ one of the Justices of the Com- mon Pleas, purchased Sir S. Moreland's house, and came to reside here in 1703. Sir Edward died in 1705, His^h Bridge. Between the Lower and the Upper Mall, is Hani- mersmith Creek, which runs to the main road, and then keeps its course to a little village called Standford. Over this creek, and almost at its conflux with the Thames, Dr. Sherlock, Bishop of London, in the year 1751, took down the old and ruinous bridge, and erected the present bridge of oak, which bids fair for a duration of one hundred years. ^ ^ Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting, vol. iii. p. 84. * See page lp7, ^ MS. Accoiint of Fuiham in the possession of J. Britton, Esq. OF FULHAM. 3.59 In a room in The Dove Coffee-house, situated facing the water-side between the two Malls, Thomson wrote part of his Winter." He was in the habit of fre- quenting this house, during the winter season, when the Thames was frozen, and the surrounding country covered with snow. This fact is well authenticated, and many persons visit the house to the present day. Some lines were written in a room in honour of the poet, by A. Murphy^ Esq. Upper Mali. Here are several capital houses enjoying beautiful views over the Thames, which have been formerly in the possession of many eminent and illustrious charac- ters. Queen CatherineyDowdigeY of Charles H., resided, for some years, in the summer season, at a house in the Upper Mall, which, in Cowack's time, belonged to a Mr. Nash, and was lately an academy in the occupation of Mr. Jones.' The house has since been ^ The Queen Dowager's garden at Hammersmith has a good green- house with an high erected front to the south, whence the roof falls backward. The house is well stored with greens of common kinds ; but the Queen not being for curious plants or flowers, they want most of the curious sorts of greens ; and in the garden there is little of value but wall-trees. Monsieur Hermon Van Guine, is a man of great skill and industry, having raised great numbers of orange and lemon-trees by inoculation with myrtles, Roman bayes, and other greens of pretty shapes, which he has to dispose of.—Arckceologia, vol, xii, p. 182* 2 a4 360 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT taken down, except the banqueting house, which has been converted into a grapery in the garden of the present owner, F. Anderson, Esq. The manners of this Princess, especially on her first appearance at Court, retauied a strong tincture of the convent, and were but ill formed to please, much less to reclaim, the polite and dissolute Charles. She at first rejected the English dress and the attendance of English ladies, and chose to appear in the formal habit of her own country. The lively and entertaining author of Count Grammont's Memoirs has thus described her : " The new Queen added but little lustre to the Court, either by her person or her retinue, which consisted of a Lady of the Bed-chamber, six frightful creatures, who call themselves Maids of Honour, and a Duenna as frightful as the rest. There were besides six Almoners, four Bakers, a Jew Per- fumer, and a certain officer apparently without employ- ment, that called himself the Infanta's Barber. Catherine was however a woman of good sense, and employed all her care to please the King, by pro- curing diversions and amusements, and such complai- sant obliging actions as her affection made natural to her."' The tow^n residence of the Queen Dowager was at Somerset House during the reign of James H. She returned to Portugal in 1692. In 1685, Mr. Isaac Le Gooch, a Dutch Merchant, ttie proprietor of the house now in the occupation of ' Mem. de Grammont, chap. vi. OF FULHAM. 361 G. Dunnage, Esq., bequeathed a moiety of the rent of it towards the support of the Minister of Ham- mersmith/ In the reign of Queen Anne, that eminent physi- cian, Dr. RadcUffe^ purchased this house, where he resided several years ; it w as his intention to found an hospital upon these premises, and the building was actually in great forwardness, but was left unfinished at his death/ Dr. John RadclifFe was a native of Wakefield in Yorkshire, and was born in 1649. His parents, having a numerous family, were unable to afford him much education ; and some of the neighbouring gentry, observing him to be a boy of excellent capacity, were induced to put him to school at their own expence. At the age of fifteen, he was sent to University College, Oxford, where he made a considerable proficiency in the studies of Botany, Chymistry, and Anatomy. He afterwards became Fellow of Lincoln College, and commenced practice as a Physician, Several circum- stances conspired to render his residence at Oxford unpleasant, he therefore went to London, where his practice became general. He w^as appointed Physician to King William, and was patronised by many of the nobility. Dr. Radclifte was equally celebrated for his wat and his prescriptions ; the former blazed forth w-ith native frankness^ without respect to place or persons ; he I See p. 161. ^ Lysons, vol. ii. p. 407. 362 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT once told King William, " I would not have your two legs for your three kingdoms.^' His constitution was strong, and he had a turn for conviviality. He was a firm friend, and several acts are recorded of his benevolence. It is believed that he distributed large sums in private charity among the nonjuring Clergy. At^his death he bequeathed the principal part of his property to the University of Oxford, where his Library is a sufficient monument to his memory. He died Nov. ], 1714, and was buried in St. Mary's Church, Oxford, with a solemnity commensurate to his munificence to that University.' Sir Clifton JVintringham^ Bart.^ Physician to his Majesty, and Physician General to the Army, resided for some time in the house which had been Dr. Rad- clifFe's, and died there Jan. 10, 1794.'' William Lloyd y was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, and became Chaplain to the British Factory at Lisbon. In 1675 he was promoted to the Bishopric of LlandafF, and translated to Peter- borough in 1679, and to Norwich in 1685. He was deprived of his Bishopric at the Revolution for refusing to take the oaths of allegiance. Bishop Lloyd was esteemed a man of great piety and learning, and a most excellent preacher. He resided at Hammersmith for some years before his death, where he experienced the friendship and bene- ^ Noble Cont. Granger, vol. i. p. 225. ^ Lysons, vol. ii. p. 407. OF FULHAM. 363 volence of his neighbour. Dr. RadclifFe, who at one time made him a present of 500/. He presented to his college a great number of books, both printed and in manuscript. He died January, 1709- 10, Sir George Warburton, the third Baronet of this family, in 1700, married Diana, the daughter of Lord Alington, at Hammersmith Church. This gentleman represented Cheshire in several Parliaments in the reigns of Anne and George I. Sir George resided for some years in a house at Hammersmith belonging to his father-in-law. Lord Alington, which has been described as a large house with fine gardens.' William Alington, who was created an Irish Peer in 1646, by the title of Lord Alington, was the son of Sir Giles Alington of Horseheath, in the County of Cambridge, where the family had resided for some centuries. This Sir Giles Alington did penance at Paul's Cross, and in St. Mary's Church, Cambridge, in 1631, for marrying his own niece ; the same punish- ment was also inflicted on the lady, and Sir Giles was fined in the Star Chamber 12,000/., which sum is said by a writer, not favourable to the Stuart family, to have been shared between Queen Henrietta Maria and the Earl of Holland. William Lord Alington, in 1665, built a magnificent mansion at Horseheath, after the design of Webb, at the expen^:e of 70,000/. This splendid house was, in 1777; pulled down, and the materials sold.^ ^ Lysons, Supp. p. 155, Lysons, Camb. p. 217. 364 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT West Middlesex Water-works. The West Middlesex Water-works Company, whose works are established at this place, was one of the many projections of the Dodds, to whose industry, perseverance, and ingenuity, the metropolis is certainly indebted. This work was originally proposed by Mr. Robert Dodd, and by his plans was intended to have been established between the King s Road and Fulham Road, close to the west side of Poole's Creek, from whence the water was to have been derived. Its declared object was to have given a supply of Thames water; and accordingly an Act of Parliament was applied for, and obtained (46 Geo. III. c. 11.), em- powering such works to be constructed, and consti- tuting the subscribers thereto a joint stock company, with power to raise a capital of 80,000/. by 100/. shares, which was accordingly done. On commencing the works, it was found that Poole's Creek, being a common sewer, and opening to a very muddy part of the Thames, the water taken hence would be subject to many impurities, independant of which, the distance, of that place from the principal population, was con- sidered so great, that it was deemed more prudent to construct the works in a situation where they would sooner come into action, and particularly where better water could be obtained ; accordingly, after diligent search, a piece of freehold ground between Beavor Lane and Hope Lane, at Hammersmith, between the main road and the Thames, was selected ; and here, in December 1806, the works were commenced under OF FULHAM. 365 Mr. William Nicholson, as Principal, and Mr. John Millington, as Resident Engineer. A piece of ground, containing nearly three acres, at the back of Theresa Terrace, was excavated into two capacious reservoirs and two steam-engines of twenty horse power, each w^ere erected by Messrs. Fenton^ Murray, and Co. of Leeds, in a plain, neat, and com- modious brick building in Hope Lane, which likewise contains work-shops proper for such an undertaking. The water, which is of a very fine quality, is taken from the Thames, on a fine gravel bottom, by a brick tunnel running under Hope Lane, rather below the depth of Low-water-mark ; and after settling in the reservoirs, is, by means of tlie steam-engines, distributed through pipes to the neighbourhood for some miles around ; viz. over the whole of Hammer- smith, Turnham Green, Chiswick, Kensington, toge- ther vvith the Gore and Gravel-Pitts, Little Chelsea, and Brompton ; but the works have never been com- pleted to the other parts mentioned in the Act of Par- liament, as their distance would preclude the possibility of such extension ever paying the proprietors. The Company, however, on account of the mono- poly enjoyed, and exorbitant prices demanded by the New River and other Companies, at the north and north-west parts of the metropolis, and at the earnest solicitations of many of the inhabitants there, felt an inclination to extend their works to those parts, and with this view constructed a most elegant and capacious reservoir, containing an acre of surface by twenty-one feet deep at the top of the hili at Kensington Gravel- 366 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Pitts, nearly behind Holland House, the surface- water of which is 1 11 feet above high-water-mark in the Thames ; and as this reservoir is constantly filled by the engines at Hammersmith, it affords a most valuable acquisition of water to the metropolis, for by its great elevation it is constantly ready to Aow in cases of fire, and gives the Company an opportunity of sup- plying water to the tops of most of the houses in Lon- don, a luxury unknown, (without forcing pumps) till introduced by this Company, though it has since been attempted by most of the other Water Companies. This reservoir, and the other works, were completed under Mr. Ralph Walker and Mr. Millington, who was then appointed principal engineer, early in the winter of 1809, and were publicly opened on the 4th of December of that year, by George Byng, Esq., and William Mellish, Esq., Members for the County, attended by an immense concourse of spectators. The works being so far completed, the Company applied to Parliament in the spring of 1810, for an extension of their powers ; and notwithstanding an obstinate resistance by some of the London Companies, succeeded in obtaining an Act (50 Geo. IH.) to enable them to raise a further sum of 160,000/. and to extend their pipes and other works by the Uxbridge road, into the several parishes of St. James and St. Ann, Soho, Westminster, St Mary-le-Strand, St. Clement Danes, St.Paul, Covent-garden,Paddington, St.Pancras, St George, Bloomsbury, and St Giles's in the Fields; and accordingly an immense number of iron pipes have been laid down in these parishes, and very great OF FULHAM. 367 encouragement has been given to the undertaking, insomuch that the two twenty-horse steam-engines were found inefficient for the London supply ; in consequence of which the Company have lately erected an additional engine of seventy-horse power, made in the most complete manner by the celebrated Bolton and Watt of Soho,, by the water-side at the end of Hope-lane; on the site of which^ till lately, stood some extensive lime-kilns and works, said to have been first established for the building of Hampton-court Palace, and which were lately purchased by the Company and pulled down, and they have, at a very considerable expence, just completed a twenty-o«e-inch iron main pipe from the new engine house to the reservoir at Kensington, and from thence by the Uxbrige-road to Oxford-street, where it branches by most capacious iron pipes into all the parishes above named, not only affording them a most copious supply of pure soft water, but likewise the greatest safety in cases of fire, as by a clause in the last Act the three principal mains in London are to be kept constantly charged with water. To this Company are the public indebted for the first general adoption of iron pipes ; for although they had before been partially used by other Companies, yet the West Middlesex set the example, which has since been followed by almost all of them. The inconve- nience of perpetually opening the streets for the repair of w^ooden pipes is known to every inhabitant of Lon- don, but where iron pipes are used, this will be at an end, for when once they are well laid and jointed, they have been known to remain upwards of a century 368 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT without repair. The Company is governed by a Committee of Twelve Directors, who change by rotation, and their office is in Berner's-street, Oxford- street. Hammersmith Terrace Is a pleasant row of houses with an elevated terrace behind the gardens, serving as a private promenade to the inhabitants. In the last house on the Terrace, resided many years, Arthur Mu7^ph7/y Esq. This venerable orna- ment of British literature was born at Cork in Ireland, and descended from a very respectable family in that country. He was sent very early in life to the College of St. Omer's, where he remained till his eighteenth year, and was at the head of the Latin Class when he quitted the school. He was indeed an excellent Latin scholar, and very well acquainted with the Greek language. Soon after his return to Ireland he was sent to this country, and placed under the protection of a near relation high in the mercantile w^orld. It was intended by this gentlemen, that Mr. Murphy should engage in commercial pursuits, but literature and the stage soon drew his attention, and wholly absorbed his mind. Mr. Murphy was tempted to venture upon the theatrical boards, and he made his first appearance at Covent-garden, on the 18th of October, 1754. During that season he performed several of the principal cha- racters in Tragedy and genteel Comedy, as Hamlet^ OF FULHAM. 369 Macbeth, King Richard, Jaffier, Archer, &c. ; and he sometimes played the same character which was performed by Garrick at the other house. Although he is said to have possessed several requisites for the stage, and always displayed judgment, yet he wanted those splendid powers, which are essential to the acquisition of fame and fortune in that arduous walk of life. He was however wholly undeserving of the attack on his talents as an actor, which Churchill directed against him ; and Mr. Murphy answered the scurrilities of this energetic, but coarse bard, in a very humourous Ode, addressed to the Naiads of Fleet Ditch;" and in a very spirited poem, entitled, Expostulation," modestly, but firmly vindicated his literary character. He however withdrew from the stage in 1756; and that he might not be obliged to rely solely on the exer- tions of his pen, as an author, he resolved to study the Law, and entered himself a member of Lincoln's Inn. He was in due time called to the Bar, and maintained a very respectable rank in his profession. The dramatic Muse, however, so much engaged his attention, that the Law was always a secondary consi- deration. Mr. Murphy commenced his career, as an author, in 1752, by a periodical work, called The Gray's Inn Journal," and soon after came forward as a poli - tical writer, though without putting his name to his productions ; these were The Test," and " The Auditor," in which he powerfully supported the measures of Government. About the same time^ he 2 B 370 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT turned his thoughts to dramatic composition, and brought out, in 1756, a Farce, called " The Appren- tice," which still keeps possession of the stage. Following the bent of his genius, he continued to write occasionally for the theatre for many years, during which he produced above twenty dramas. He was most successful in comedy, although of his tragedies, The Orphan of China," and The Grecian Daughter," are still occasionally acted. His Comedies of All in the Wrong," " Know your own Mind/' and " The Way to Keep Him," are esteemed among those of the first rank of Modern Dramas ; and his Farces of The Citizen," and Three Weeks after Marriage," continue to be popular. To his celebrity as an essayist and dramatic poet, we have now to add the reputation which he has acquired as a biographer and a translator. In the year 1762, he published a very ample and interesting " Essay on the Life and Genius of Henry Fielding," prefixed to an edition of that author's works ; in the year 1792, he produced, in a style and manner still superior, An Essay on the Life and Genius of Dr. Johnson;" and a few years before his death, in 1801, he presented to the world a " Life of Garrick." In his capacity of biographer, and editor of Dr. Johnson and his works, he has exhibited much judgment and taste, in union wath an extensive knowledge of human life and manners. If proof were wanting of the high classical attain- ments of our author, they would be satisfactorily found OF FULHAM. 371 in his elegant and elaborate versions both in verse and prose. Among his poetical efforts in this department, his , imitation of the thirteenth Satire of Javenal, entitled Seventeen Hundred and Ninety-one," and his Latin Versions of Pope's Temple of Fame, and Gray's Elegy, stand conspicuous for their beauty, taste, and spirit. About the year 1767, he gave to the public a well-executed Version of the Belisarius of Marmontel ; in 1793, he produced a Translation of Tacitus in four volumes quarto, and a Version of Sallust, v^^hich he had prepared for the press, has been printed since his death.^ Mr. Murphy had many disputes with contemporary wits, but though he never quietly received a blow, he was never the first to give one. Mr. Jesse Foote, his executor, and to whom he entrusted all his manuscripts, sums up his character in the following words : He lived in the closest friendship with the most polished authors and greatest lawyers of his time ; his know- ledge of the Classics was profound ; his Translations of the Roman historians enlarged his fame ; his dra- matic productions were inferior to none of the time in which he flourished. The pen of the poet was parti- cularly adorned by the refined taste of the critic. The moderation of his ambition, and the modesty of his nature, inclined his genius to court the refinement of study in preference to the pursuits of an active life. As a man of high talents and a warm hearty, he lived » Dr. Drake's Essays on the Rambler, &c, vol. ii. p. 248. £ B 2 372 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT honoured, and as a very devout Christian, he was long resigned to the will of his Creator." ' Mr. Murphy resided for several years at Hammer- smith Terrace, but during the latter part of his life at Knightsbridge, w^iere he died on the J 8th of June, ] 805, aged seventy-eight, and was buried in this Chapel, near the remains of his mother, to w hom, whilst living, he had shewn the highest degree of filial attachment. At the time of his death he was one of the Benchers of Lincoln's Inn, and a Commissioner of Bankrupts. The latter situation was given him in a very handsome manner by Lord Chancellor Loughborough, with whom he had long been in the habits of friendship, and who had been a fellow-sufferer with him under the keen lash of Churchill.^ Robert Macfarlane^ who resided at Hammer- snnth, but within the Fulham Side district, was killed in the year 1804 by a chaise driving over him on the London Road during the Brentford Election, and he was buried in Fulham Church-yard. Mr. ]\Iacfarlane was educated in tiie University of Edinburgh, and came to London at a very early period of life. The first volume of his History of George HL was published in 1/70, and the fourth in 17i}6'. Though this w^ork cannot be denied to possess the merit of utility, yet it cannot be said to entitle its author to the character of a first-rate historian. In 17^6 he pub- lished, by way of specimen, the first Book of his Timora." Mr. Macfarlane possessed a very reten- ' Monthly Mafg. July 1805. ^ Lysons, Supp. p. 152. OF FULHAM. 373 tive memory, which enabled him to give to the world, with fidelity, some of the finest speeches in Parliament during Lord North's administration and the American War, in which laborious duty he was succeeded by his friend the late Mr. William Woodfall. Until these few years he kept an excellent Seminary at Walthamstow, at which some of the ablest men, now in the various professions of the Law, the Church, the Navy, and the mercantile world, received their educa- tion. For the last two years he was engaged in trans- lating into Latin the Poems of Ossian. To his friend Mr. Macpherson, the editor of those celebrated Poems, he rendered considerable assistance in that undertaking. His last work, of which he received the first proof-sheet only a few hours before he died, is entitled, An Essay, proving the Authen- ticity of Ossian and his Poems." ' Philip James De Loutherbourg was born at Stras- bourg about 1730. His father was a miniature painter, and resided at Paris, where he died in 1768. De Loutherbourg was a pupil of Casanova, and very early distinguished himself as a painter of battles, huntings, and landscape. He was admitted into the Academy of Painting at Paris about 1763 ; soon after which he came over to England, and resided here till his death. Mr. De Loutherbourg was held in great esteem for the uniform propriety of his conduct, as well as for his extraordinary abilities as an artist. He had been * Gent. Mag. 2 B 3 374 HISTORIGAL ACCOUNT SO long in this country, that he might be almost con^ sidered as a native ; he was so in his habits and his principles. His excellence, as a landscape painter, deserves the highest panegyric, He looked at nature through a warm imagination, and hence sometimes gave a glow and richness to the scenery which he repre- sented, that appeared g^udy and extravagant in the eyes of a cold critic : but where he contented himself with a close and exact representation, nothing could be more faithful, more animated, or more beautiful, than the productions of his pencil. He was equally skilful in the representation of bold, grand, and stupendous scenery, as in that of an ordinary and rustic cast. He was particularly excellent in cattle, and all the animals that are connected with ordinary life ; and his works were generally enriched with objects of that description, as well as with human figures, which he sometimes represented in the common pursuits of life ; often in situations that indicated a strong sense of humour^, and always with appropriate character. Though a foreigner, all his human figures are in coun? fenance, as well as manners, completely English, a circumstance very rare among foreign artists, and perhaps peculiar to him and the late Mr. ZofFani. To oblige his friend Garrick, he enriched the drama of the Christmas Tale with scenery painted by himself, and introduced such novelty and brilliancy of effect, as formpd a new jera in that species of art. Mr. De Loutherbourg was for many years a Member of the Royal Academy. He died at his house oxi f I ammersmith Terrace, March 11, 1812? OF FULHAM. 375 His collection of pictures, drawings, &c., was sold by auction in June following ; among which were the celebrated paintings of the Siege of Valenciennes, and Earl Howe's Victory, executed by Mr. De Louther- bourg to perpetuate British fame, and the triumph of our fleets and armies, and from which the well known engravings were taken. From the Lower Mall, the following ways branch up to King-street, Red-cow-lane, Plough and Harrow- lane, and Angel-lane. In Plough and Harrow-lane, a Meeting House was erected in the year 1810, for the Wesleyan Methodists. Not far distant, and facing the High Road, is situated Ebenezer Chapel, so called from an Hebrew word signifying the stone of help. The Upper Mall communicates with King-street by Hog-lane and Beavor-lane. Lime-Kiln-lane and Black- Lion-lane lead to the Terrace and to Chiswick. Near the High Bridge there is a Quakers' Meeting. Trinity Chapel, belonging to the Anabaptists, is situated near Dorville's Row, and was built in the year 1767. In the year 1 804, the inhabitants of Hammersmith were much alarmed by a nocturnal appearance which, for a considerable time, eluded detection or discovery. In the course of this unfortunate affair, two innocent persons met with an untimely death ; and as this transaction engaged the attention of the public in a high degree, we shall relate the particulars of it. 2 B 4 376 iff HISTORICAL ACCOUNT An unknown person made it his diversion to alarm the inhabitants in January 1804, by assuming the figure of a spectre. This sham ghost had certainly much to answer for ; one poor woman, who was far advanced in her pregnancy of a second child, w^as so much shocked, that she took to her bed, and survived only two days. She had been crossing near the church- yard about ten o'clock at ni^ht when she beheld something, as she described, rise from the tomb-stones. The figure was very tall, and very white! She attempted to run, but the supposed ghost soon over- took her ; and pressing her in his arms, she fainted ; in which situation she remained some hours, till dis- covered by the neighbours, who kindly led her home, when she took to her bed, from which^ alas ! she never / rose. A waggoner belonging to Mr. Russel, was also so alarmed while driving a team of eight horses, which had sixteen passengers at the time, that he took to his heels, and left the waggon, horses, and passengers in the greatest danger. Neither man, woman, or child, could pass that way for some time; and the report was, that it was the apparition of a man who cut his throat in that neighbourhood above a year ago. Several lay in wait different nights for the ghost; but there were so many b3^e4anes and paths leading to Ham- mersmith, that he was always sure of being in that which was unguarded, and every night played off his tricks to the terror of the passengers. One Francis Smith, doubtless incensed at the unknown person who w^as in the habit of assuming this supernatural character, and Ihus frightening the superstitious inhabitants of the OF FULHAM. 377 village, rashly determined on watching for, and shooting the ghost ; when unfortunately, in Black-lion-lane, he shot a poor innocent man, Thomas Millwood, a brick- layer, who was in a white dress, the usual habiliment of his oo^upation. This rash act having been judged wilful murder by the coroner's inquest, Smith was accordingly committed to goal, and took his trial at the ensuing sessions at the Old- Bailey, Jan. 13, 1804. The Jury at first found him guilty of manslaughter, but the crime being deemed murder in the eye of the law, the Judge could only receive a verdict of guilty or acquittal. He was then found guilty, and received sentence of death, but was afterwards pardoned on condition of being imprisoned one year. 378 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT CHAPTER XL Manor of Pallensmck, F all enszdck Greeny Shepherd's Bush ^ Brook Green. The Manor of Fallens wick, now corruptly called Paddingswick, is situated at Pallengswick or Stanbrook Green, and extends to the western road. In the year 1373, AYilliam Gresle Clerk, and others, granted the Manor of Pally ns wick, which had formerly belonged to John Northwych^ Goldsmith of London, to John Bernes and others, as Trustees, perhaps, for the celebrated Alice Perrers, or Pierce, a lady of much note in the court of Edward III. w^hose property it appears to have been at the time of her banishment, anno 1378, when it was seized by the Crown. The Survey of the Manor, taken at that time, describes it as containing forty acres of land, sixty of pasture, and one and a half of meadow.^ The manor- house, which was probably Alice Perrer's country- seat, is described as well built, and in good repair, and containing a large hall, chapel, &c. Alice Perrers, having afterwards procured a reversion of her sentence, returned to England, being then wife of William Lord Wyndesor, to whom King Richard, anno 1380, granted the manor of Pallynswick. There is no further mention of it till the year 1572, when John Payne, ^ Lysons, vol. ii. p. 35G. OF FULHAM. 3/9 Esq. died seised of it, leaving William his son and heir. In the year 1631, the manor, or capital messuage of Pallengswick, with its appurtenances, was sold by John Payne, Esq. for the sum of 2,600/. to Sir Richard Gurney the brave and loyal Lord Mayor of London, who died a prisoner in the Tower anno 1647. His widow, three years afterwards, sold it to Maxi- milian Bard, Esq. It continued in that family till the year 1747, when it was aliened by Henry Laremore, Trustee under the Will of the Right Hon. Lady Per- siana Bard to Thomas Corbett, Esq. Thomas Powell, Esq., Devisee in Trust for Thomas Corbett, aliened it anno 1754, to Arthur Weaver, Esq., who sold it again, in 1759, to Henry Dagge, Esq., author of " Consi- derations on the Criminal Laws," who leased it to Lord Chancellor Northington. It was purchased of Mr. Dagge, anno 1765, by the late proprietor, John Dorville, Esq. The manor-house, called of late Ravens- court, is of the style and date of the French Architect, Mansart, and till within these few years was surrounded by a moat. It is now the property and residence of George Scott, Esq., who is making considerable improvements in the grounds, under the direction of Mr. Repton. Alice Ferrers^ or Pierce^ had been one of the Ladies of the Bedchamber to Queen Philippa, and was a lady of extraordinary beauty and accomplish- ments. In Rymer's Foedera* is a grant to her of ' Vol. vii. p. 28. :380 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT some jewels belonging to the deceased Queen, dated at Woodstock, Augusts, 1373. After the death of the Queen she acquired such an ascendancy over King Edward, as has induced most of our historians to suppose she was his mistress ; but Dr. Barnes, in his History of Edward III. thinks it improbable, both from the character and age of the King, and because she afterwards married the Lord Windesor, a person of great property and consequence. As his account of her is curious, we shall here insert it : But because hereafter we shall have occasion to speak further of this Madam Alice Ferrers, especially since by our vulgar historians she hath been constantly misrepresented; I shall here, once for all, make a more particular enquiry, who and what she was. That she was not King Edward's concubine (as most of our writers, one taking it from another, too boldly affirm) may appear not only from the utter improba- bility of the matter itself, which we shall shew, but also from the reputation of her person, which was so great after she was taken in marriage,' by a consi- derable Baron of this Realm, the Lord William Windsor,^ who, in the forty-third of this King, was constituted his Lieutenant of L^eland, but afterwards became much more notable. Now I say it is neither probable, that King Edward, who never else is said to have gone astray, even in the flower of his age, especially while his beloved Queen lived, which was within five years of this time, (except only that story ' Dugdale's Warwickshire, p. 434. ^ Dugdale's Baronage, vol, i. p. 509. OF FULHAM. 381 of his being enamoured on the fair Countess of Salis- bury, which we have utterly exploded), should now, in the very impotence of his age, burn in flames to w^hich he had so seldom indulged. And it is as impro- bable, that so noble a Baron as Sir William Windsor, should afterwards take in marriage so notoriously infamous a woman, had she been thought at that time such a lewd and impudent strumpet, as many would make her. But the Records themselves are nothing so severe upon the reputation of this lady, as appears from these words : Dame Alice Ferrers was introduced before the Lords, and by Sir Richard Scroop, Knt., Steward of the King's Household, charged for pursuing of matters contrary to order taken two years before ; namely, that no woman should, for any advantage, present any cause in the King's Court, on pain of losing all they had, and being banished the realm for ever; that particularly she had procured Sir Nicholas Dagworth to be called from Ireland, whither he had been sent, and at the same time procured from the King restitution of lands and goods to Richard Lyon, Merchant of London, w hereas the same lands having been forfeited by him, had been given to the King's own sons. To all which the same Dame Alice replied, that she had not pursued any such thing for any advantage of her own ; whereupon divers officers, counsellors, and servants to King Edward the Third, being examined, proved that she had made such pursuit, and that, in ' Rot. Par. i. Rich. II. n. 41, &c. vid. MS. and Sir Robert Cotton's Abridgement, p. 158. n. 41. 382 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT their conceits, for her own private gain. And so the Lords gave judgment against the said Lady; that, according to the order aforesaid, she should be banished, and forfeit all her goods and lands whatsoever." But," as Sir Robert Cotton goes on, to say truth of the devil, is counted commendable ; and there- fore surely (says he) the Record against the Lady being very long, proves no such heinous matter against her ; only it shews how she was in such credit with King Edward the Third, that she sat at his bed's head vi^hen others w^ere fain to stand at the chamber door; and she moved those things unto him, which they of the Privy Chamber durst not ; and further (says he) those two points, for which she was condemned, seemed very honest ; only her misfortune was, that she was friendly to many, but all w^ere not so to her. This Record is strange, and worthy of perusal.'" The monarch was wholly employed in procuring diversions for his mistress. Entertainments w'ere daily made at an immense expense. Above all, a Tournament held in Smithfield gave great offence, where Alice, to whom her old lover had given the name of ^' Lady of the Sun," appeared by his side in a triumphant chariot, and attended by many ladies of quality, each leading a knight by his horse's bridle. This Tournament lasted for seven days. The Parliament bitterly complained of the King's profusion, and even petitioned him to remove from his person Alice Perrers, which he thought proper to comply with ; but she was soon recalled to Court, and ' Barnes's Reign of Edward III. p*873. Camb.1688. OF FULHAM. 383 regained her former influence ; and Peter de la Marre, a Knight of Herefordshire, who had expressed himself in Parliament too freely respecting the Lady, was, at her solicitation, confined in Nottingham Castle, where he remained till the beo-innino; of the next reio;n. In the first of Richard II., she was again accused in Parliament, all her estate was confiscated to the King's use, and herself condemned to banishment; but having an able and intriguing head, she quickly found means to be recalled and restored to her estate. She married, not long after, William Lord Windsor. Sir Richard Gurney was created a Baronet Dec. 14, 1641, being then Lord Mayor of London, and was described as Sir Richard Gurnard, alias Gurney, Knt At the time of the purchase of this estate he wrote his name Gurnard, and was called in the indenture, Richard Gurnard, Citizen and Cloth-worker of Lon- don. He signalized himself by his loyalty to Charles L and of course fell under the displeasure of the Par- liament. '' The House of Commons, not forgetting the great offence committed against them by Sir Richard Gurney the Lord Mayor, in causing his Majesty's Commission of Array to be proclaimed in divers parts of the City ; therefore they preferred several articles of impeachment against him, for which he was by sentence of the Peers, not only degraded from the otfice of mayoralty, but likewise for ever rendered incapable of bearing any office, or receiving any further honour, and also to remain a prisoner in the Tower 384 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT of London during the pleasure of the House of Lords.'" He remained there till his death in 1647. PALLINGSWICK GREEN Is part of the Manor of Pallingswick, and is situated between the western and Uxbridge roads. It contains a few houses, chiefly occupied by gardeners. At the east corner of the Green is situated the ancient manor-house, in which formerly resided William Payne, Esq., lord of this manor, and in this house he held his courts, which have been discontinued since his time. He bequeathed the island in the River Thames called Mackinshaw, to the use of the poor of this parish, and erected a monument in his life-time for himself and in memory of his wife in Fulham Church."' Tradition has assigned the site of this house as having been a hunting seat of Edward III. His arms, richly carved in wood, stood, till within these few years, in a large upper room, but they fell to pieces upon being removed when the house was repaired ; the crest of Edward the Black Prince, which w^as placed over the arms, is still preserved in a parlour^ and is in good preservation ; it has been repaired by Mr. Dobson, the present proprietor of this house. It is very probable that this piece of carving was an appen- dage to the ancient manor-house when it was in the possession of Alice Pierce. ^ Maitlands London, p.221» See p. 89, OF FULHAM. 385 Stanford Brook Green^ and Gaggle Goose Green^ are two small rural villages, situated to the north of Paliingswick Green, and leading to the Uxbridge road. They are chiefly inhabited by market-gar- deners. Bradmoor and Leamoor. Under this name are comprehended all those fields, gardens, and brick-fields, which lie between the north side of King-street and Shepherd's Bush* Part of these lands are commonable, or Lammas Land, the inha- bitants enjoying, from time immemorial, a right of turning in their cattle. The ancient high road commenced at Turnham Green near the Pack-horse-Inn ; it passed through Stanford-Brook-Green, Pallingswick-Green, and Brad- moor. It is now very narrow and impassable, though considerable sums have been expended on its repair. It joins the main road near Shepherd's Bush ; at the ^ corner of which stood, about forty years since, an ancient inn, where all the country travellers stopped in their journies to and from the metropolis. This is supposed to have been the house, that Syn- dercombe hired for the purpose of shooting Cromwell ; the place answering to the description, w^e have already given of this transaction.^ All that part of the old road, which is situated on the east of the road leading to Shepherd's Bush, is now called Blithe-lane, and joins the western road, at Hammersmith Turnpike. « Sec page 261. 2 c 386 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT smepheud's bush. This pleasant village stands on the Uxbridge Road. It has been much improved within these few years in buildings, which, from their size and respectability, promise to become, when inhabited, an important addition to the hamlet. Turwen's-lane leads from this place to Wormholt- Scrubs. It is about a mile long*; and during the last summer the military have been employed in making an excellent road to the Scrubs, which is now finished. A detachment of the Tower Hamlets Militia was encamped on this common, while they were making the road. In the year 1803, a Mr. Filingham let some of his iands adjoining to the Scrubs to a market-gardener, and for whom he promised to make a way across for his horses, carts, &c. The copyholders of the manor having learned that this trespass was about to be made, ordered posts and rails to be put down immediately, in order to prevent any horses or carts coming from Mr. Filingham's premises. Upon which an action was brought in the Court of King's Bench by Mr. Filingham, with the intention of obliging the parish to make him proper roads and ways to his lands. After a long trial a verdict was found for the defend- ant, thereby establishing the exclusive right of the inhabitants of this parish to the use of these Scrubs. This cause excited great interest ; it w^as tried before OF FULHAM. 387 Lord EllenboroLigh and a Special Jury, and some of the most eminent Counsellors of the day were em- ployed, among whom were Messrs. Erskine, Garrow, Gibbs, and Marryatt. The Grand Junction Canal passes through the northern part of the Scrubs, over which is a bridge leading to Holsdon Green and the Harrow Road, which form the northern boundary of this parish. Since the completion of the canal and bridge, a Tavern has been built, chiefly for the use of persons travelling on this navigation. Manor of Wormholt Barns, A part of the demesnes of the Manor of Fulham, called the Manor of Wormholt Barns, and containing 423 acres, was leased by Bishop Bonner in 1549, on the very eve of his first deprivation, to Edward Duke.; of Somerset, for two hundred years. This lease having been vested in the Crown in consequence of the Duke's attainder, w^as granted by Queen Elizabeth, in 1599? to Simon Wilks, who assigned one moiety of his interest in it to Thomas Fisher, and the other to Sir Thomas Penruddock ; the whole became afterwards the property of George Penruddock the son of Sir Thomas, and passed from him to John Needlter. A short time before the expiration of Bonner's term, a fresh lease was granted, according to the usual tenor of church leases, to Henry Laremore. This estate is now divided into two parts. The lease of Wormholt Woods is now vested in the heirs 5 c S 388 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT of the late Mr.Bramley, and that ofWormholt and Eynham's Lands in the family of Mr. Marryatt/ BROOK GREEN. This is a pleasant village, with some good houses. An annual fair is held here on the first of May, and lasts three days. It commands, on the north, good views of the surrounding country, including Harrow Church, Hampstead, and Highgate. Here is a Roman Catholic Chapel and School, called The Ark, which has been many years in the occupation of Mrs. Bailey. Here are also the resi- dences of John Stanford Girdler, Esq., Magistrate-; Mrs. Thomson's, formerly an eminent School for young Ladies; and Isle's Alms-houses. A private road from this place leads to Blithe House, an ancient mansion, now^ in the occupation of Mrs. Wyatt as a Roman Catholic School. It is surrounded with large gardens, and has a communication with Blithe-lane, leading to Shepherd's Bush. This house was reported to have been haunted ; and many strange stories were related of ghosts and apparitions having been seen here, but it turned out at last, that a gang of smugglers had taken up their residence in it, supposing that this sequestered place would be favourable to their illegal pursuits. * Lysons, Supp. p. 147. OF FULHAM. 389 Mr, James Elphinston resided at Hammersmith a few years before his death, which happened in 1809. From a Memoir of his Life, written by Mr. Dallas, and published in the Gentleman's Magazine for No-r vember 1 809, we have extracted the following account of this gentleman : Mr. James Elphinston w^as the son of the Rev. William Elphinston, and was born at Edinburgh, Decembers, 1721- His mother's maiden name was Honeyman ; she was the daughter of the Minister of Kinef, and the niece of Dr. Honeyman, Bishop of Orkney. His sister married the late William Strahan, Esq., the King's Printer. Mr. Elphinston received his education at the High School, Edinburgh, from whence it is presumed he went to the college in that metropolis, and where, or soon after be left it, he became the Tutor of Lord Blantyre. He took a pleasure in boasting of being a Tutor when he was scarcely seventeen years old. About the time he came of age, he was introduced to the celebrated historian, Carte, whom he accompanied in a Tour through Holland and Brabant to Paris, where he remained some time an inmate in the house of his fellow-traveller and friend, received great civilities, and perfected his knowledge and practice of the French language, in which he not only conversed, but wrote both in prose and verse, with the facility and elegance of the most accomplished natives. On his leaving France he repaired to his native country, and soon after became Tutor to the eldest 2 c 3 390 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT son of James Moraj^ Esq. of Abercairny in Perthshire. How long he remained here is uncertain; but, in the year 1750, he took an active part at Edinburgh in the circulation of Dr. Johnson's " Ramblers ;'' the num- bers of which, with the author's concuirrence, he re- published in Scotland, with a translation of many of the mottos by himself. Dr. Johnson was* highly grar tified with the successful zeal of his friend, and tran- scribed himself the mottos for the numbers of the English edition when publisjpied in volumes, affixing the name of the translator, which has been continued in every subsequent edition. In 1750, Mr. Elphinston lost his mother, of whose death he gave a very affecting account in a letter to his sister, Mrs Strahan. This being shewn to Johnson, produced from his pen one of the most beautiful letters of condolence ever written. This debt Mr. Elphinston had a melancholy opportunity of repaying about two years after, when Johnson lost his wife ; and again, in 1759, on the death of his mother^ nor was it paid in coin less sterling/ In 1751, he married Miss Gordon of Auchintoul, and about two years after his marriage he left Scot- land, and fixed his abode near the metropolis^ first at Brompton, and afterwards at Kensington, where, for many years, he kept a school in a large and elegant house opposite to the King s Gardens, and which, at that time, stood the first on entering Kensington. In the year J 753 he made a poetical version of the younger Racine's Poem of Religion, which, at ^ See the Letters in Gent. Mag. Dec. 1809, p.lll5. OF FULHAM. 391 the suggestion of Richardson, he sent to the author of the Night Thoughts^ whose applause it received, both for the utility of the work, and the spirit of the translation. He about this time composed an English Grammar for the use of his pupils, which he after- wards published in two duodecimo volumes. In 1763 he published a Poem, entitled, Education." It was impossible for a man like Mr. Elphinston to live at Kensington without adding to the number of his friends the great character who was the Rector, Dr. Jortin ; whose death, in 1770, was severely felt by him. In March, 1776, he gave up his school, but con- tinued to reside in the same house for some time longer, employing himself in a translation of Martial. He removed from Kensington in 1778, and in the same year lost his wife. On this event his grief was deep ; and, to draw him from his despondence, he was advised to visit Scotland. He accordingly gave up his residence in London, disposed of his furniture, and in a short time set out on his journey. At Edin- burgh and Glasgow he gave a Course of Lectures on the English Language, and he remained in Scotland till the autumn of 1779, when he returned to London. He now published his " System of Orthography," under the title of " Propriety Ascertained in her Picture; or, English Speech and Spelling rendered mutual Guides and determining to support his theory by practice, from this time for the rest of his life, whatever he published or wrote was committed 2 c4 \ HISTORICAL ACCOUNT to paper in his new mode of spelling. It is to be regretted that this bold, romantic, and perhaps impos- sible scheme, was attempted by one whose complete knowledge of the English Tongue might have been turned to such great advantage in other branches of ' philological disquisition. Nor is it to. be denied, that while Dr. Franklin was his great, if not his only sup- porter in his new system. Dr. Johnson and other friends, who respected, and loved him, saw with pain that he not only lost his time, but injured his purse. In October, 1785, Mr. Elphinston married Miss Falconer, daughter of the Rev. James Falconer, and the niece of Bishop Falconer. In the year 1787 he once more visited Scotland, where he was again received with affection and respect, and after a short stay returned to England, and fixed his residence at Islington, where he continued for some years cultivating friendship, by social intercourse and epistolary correspondence ; and where, . having preserved a large collection of letters during the space of forty years, he amused himself in his leisure, with arranging and publishing a selection of them. In the spring of 1792, he removed to Elstree in Hertfordshire; and about 1805, for the convenience of being nearer town, he took a house in Theresa Terrace, Hammersmith, where he continued till his death, which took place on the 8th of October, 1809, in the eighty-eighth year of his age. He was buried in Kensington Church-yard, at his own request, near the grave of his friend. Dr. Jortin. Mr. Elphinston's works were numerous ; he was OF FULHAM. 393 a great scholar, and an excellent critic ; but it is as a man and a Christian that he excelled ; as a son, a brother, a husband, and a father to many, though he never had children of his own, as a friend, an enlightened patriot and a loyal subject. His manners were simple, his rectitude undeviating. In his person he was middle-sized and slender, and had a peculiar countenance. He never complied with fashion in the alteration of his clothes, the colour of which, except when in mourning, was invariably drab : his coat was made in the fashion that reigned when he returned from France; he always wore a powdered bag- wig, and walked wdth a cocked-hat, and an amber-headed cane; but these foibles were all obliterated by the genuine kindness of his heart, and the benevolence of his soul. 394i HISTORICAL ACCOUNT MANUFACTORIES. Hammersmith is of no great importance as a manu- facturing place, probably owing to its vicinity to Lon- don, and to its principal river frontage being occupied by gentlemen's houses, which constitute the Upper and Lower Malls, situations which formerly were no doubt held in high estimation, from the style of the houses, and the high and lofty trees growing before them, which add greatly to the beauty of the river in this place. The chief produce of Hammersmith, like the other parts of the parish of Fulham, consists of vegetables and fruit, which are daily sent up in immense quantities to Covent-garden market ; garden- farms alone being cultivated here, and these are carried on to a great extent. The principal artificial production of this place is bricks, the soil north of the Hammersmith Road being chiefly of fine brick- earth ; very extensive plots of it are employed in this manufacture; and they are either conveyed aw ay by barges, or carted to the metropolis in vast quantities. The principal concerns in this line are carried on by Messrs. James and George Scott, Messrs. Birds, Captain Joseph Thomas, Mr. Cromwell, Captain Connard, and Mr. Hunt. Among the manufactories, if they can be so called, w^e may mention two consi- derable brewhouses, one at the Creek, conducted by Mr. Joseph Cromwell, and one nearly opposite, in the town, the property of Messrs. Shoubridge and Cooper, which last contains a remarkable and very fine OF FULHAM. 595 well of pure soft water ; it is 240 feet deep, yet the water keeps constantly at about six feet from the surface of the ground, and from this source a great number of the inhabitants used to procure their water prior to the establishment of tlie West Middlesex Water-works, and some even now prefer it, as the water is said to be softer and more fit for the purposes of washing, than even that of the river. There is in the town, likewise, a considerable iron-work and foundery carried on by Messrs. Taylor and Millington, (the latter of whom was engineer to the West Middlesex Water-works). This is situated opposite Webb's- lane, and although but little seen from the road, occupies a considerable space behind the houses, and may perhaps be ranked as the principal manufactory in the place, from the number of hands employed in it; mills, steam-engines, pumps, and machinery of every kind are made, as well as a great variety of smaller articles, both in iron and wood. The immense cast-iron cylinder, (31 feet long by 10 feet internal diameter), weighing upwards of 40 tons, which has just been fixed at the back of Drury-lane Theatre, as a reservoir to the ingenious apparatus contrived by Colonel Congreve for the protection of that theatre from fire, was made at this place, and taken by land-carriage to town, on account of the difficulty w hich would have arisen from landing it in town, had it been taken by w^ater. As this apparatus has excited considerable interest in the metropolis, it may not be unacceptable to our readers, to subjoin an 596 HISTOIIIGAL ACCOUNT account of it as published in ^' The Times" newspaper, of Saturday, Nov. 21, 1812 : *^ The cylinder is intended for an air-tight reservoir, the capacity of which is upwards of 400 hogsheads. This reservoir, fed by a ten-inch main from the York- buildings Water-works in the Adelphi, will be under- ground, and is connected with every part of the theatre through a ten-inch main, branching into pipes of varying diameters, from seven to four inches, accord- ing to the liability of such parts to accident by fire, and to the quantity of combustible matter contained in them. This main, and its branches, are so constructed, that the water of the reservoir may be admitted, in its full force, into any particular branch or branches, according to the part in which the fire ma}^ happen, by a register outside the building ; and the power by which the contents of the reservoir are forced through these different channels, is as follows : The reservoir is to be furnished with a powerful condensing air-pump ; and being half filled with water, such a condensation of air will be produced in the other half of the reservoir, (equal to about six atmospheres,) as will, on the opening of the sluice of the great main, be sufficient to force the whole of the water contained in the reservoir into any, even the highest part of the house ; and as this compressed air will be M^ell guarded from escape, the small loss, by absorption, or otherwise, will be such, that the required condensation may be kept up by very little occasional attention to the condenser. By this arrangement^ therefore, it follows, N OF FULHAM, 397 that, whether the steam-engine of the York-buildings Water-works is working or not, at the time of any fire breaking out in the house, a sufficient power is always at hand to throw a vast body of water instantly into the heart of the building, and^ indeed, to the precise spot on fire ; and the quantity so provided is equal to what the steam-engine itself, which is one of seventy- horses power, would throw in half an hour. Now the proprietors of the York-buildings Water-works have contracted with the Committee of Drury-lane Theatre, on any alarm, to set their engine in full work into the reservoir, in less than twenty minutes ; so that, in fact, should not the first application of water from the reservoir extinguish the fire, a continued and unlimited supply is thus actually provided, which, not only from its concentrated action on the particular part on fire, but from its quantity, it is impossible to conceive any incipient fire capable of resisting for five minutes, and which therefore must he considered as affording an absolute security. " But this proposition will be the more confirmed, when the mode of dispersing the quantity of water over the different parts of the house is explained. The stage is divided into eight different compartments, each of whicli may be deluged, independently of the ^est, by the opening of particular cocks, or valves, so ^s to avoid doing more mischief to the scenery, &c., by water, than the extent of the fire requires, though in case of more extended conflagration, the whole may be drowned at once by opening all the valves, and thereby , supplying a series of transverse branch-pipes, fed by 398 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT two six-inch mains, running from one end of the roof to the other, these branch pipes being pierced, through- out their whole length, with three rows of holes in each pipe, of nearly half-inch diameter : so that if the whole of the perforated branches which protect the stage and scenery, were set on at once, they would, for the security of this part of the house alone, pour down 2,000 streams of water, each stream equal to that of a small fire-engine, forming a shower which, from its force, direction, and quantity, must immediately deluge, and render incombustible, every part of the scenery and machinery upon the stage. In addition to this, there are various cocks, with hoses and branches, which may be brought to any part in aid of the shower. " On the same principle, the Frontispiece, Prosce- nium, and Spectatory, are secured from above, by branches from the six-inch mains, and below, by large cocks and hoses, connected within a seven-inch main, which runs under the floor of the Pit, and up the walls of the corridors, as high as the Two Shilling Gallery. Three of these cocks and hoses are placed under trap- doors in the Pit, and four of them in closets on the first circle, which not only command this part of the spectatory, but also the saloon, coffee-rooms, stair- cases, &c., while the One Shilling Gallery is secured by a perforated pipe which passes round the front of its cieling, is fed by the two upper six-inch mains, and is capable of deluging the whole of it in a few seconds. The outside of the roof is also provided with a number OF FULHAM. 359 of hoses to secure the house externally from any fire that may happen in the surroundmg buildings. " In addition to the above means, the spectatory is further guarded by a singular contrivance, which is concealed by the Apollo's head in the centre of the Pit cieling; it consists of a four-inch pipe, eight feet long, with a rose at each end, and with large holes in its sides, from which, the water rushing with great force, causes this pipe to revolve on its centre, upon the same principle of action as the fire-work, called the Catharine-wheel, and thus, by its rotatory motion to throw the various streams rushing from it to a great distance in every direction ; so as in a very short time to wet the whole inside circle of boxes, pit, &c. The painting-rooms, carpenter's-shops, inside of the roof, mezzonene, stage, and vault, with all the machinery contained in those parts, are secured by similar means ; and it must here be repeated, that the whole of this apparatus may be worked, and the water dispersed by it, laid on, or taken oft* at pleasure, by a single person .acting on the different valves, by means of a series of levers contained in a small engine-house on the outside of the buildings where he is in perfect security, and where, if he can but read, though he never saw the engine before, he may put it in full action ; the levers, commanding the valves or cocks of the different; branches, being inscribed with the names of the dif- ferent parts of the house which they have the power of inundating. . ; It remains only to be added, that every part of this engine is in itself fire-proof, being constructed 400 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT wholly of cast or wrought iron, and that, being princi-^ pally supported in the main walls, its action would continue unimpaired amid surrounding flames, while the building itself should hold together. In fine, to give a definition of this machine, in a few words, it may be stated to be a vast fire-engine, the least moving power of which is the action of seventy horses, though capable of being applied in full force by a single person, who has, in case of alarm, according to the extent of danger, the power of immediately dispersing through- out the interior of the building, the immense body of water which it projects, or of concentrating its action to any given spot ; by the possession of which power, the fire itself is not only attacked by a deluge of water in its "oery focus^ but, at the same time, has all its means of spreading cut off by the inundation of the surrounding parts." Among the other manufactories, we may notice a considerable Soap Work, which was carried on by Messrs. Birbeck and Hawes, on the water-side, at Lanes-End, but which was burnt down two years ago, and has not been re-established. The premises are now used as a coal- wharf. There are here several Bleaching-grounds for Wax carried on by Richard Hill, Esq., Mrs. Romano, &c., where the wax is by melting, washhig, and exposure to the air on the grass, brought from the yellow and opake state of bees-wax, to the fine white, known by the name of virgin- wax. Here is likewise a curious process carried on by Messrs. Pope, Smith, and Co., upon whale-bone. OF FULHAM. 401 which is split into fibres exactly resembling bristles, and which have of late been very much used for all kinds of brooms and brushes, while the finer part of the whale-bone is split into thin and highly-polished shreds, of which very beautiful bonnets are made for ladies' wear. A very great number of those wooden chairs^ known by the designation of Windsor-chairs, are made here, together with rustic seats, &c., by Webb and Bruce, and Mr. Carter. These, added to the ordinary trades which are car- ried on in all places, constitute the manufacturing establishments of this place. 402 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT CHAPTER XIT. Brandenburgh Houses Craven Cottage. At a house separated from Brandenburgh House by a small creek^ now called The Refuge, and formerly part of Sir Nicholas Crispe's estate, resided Sir Charles Frederick, K.B. He was nephew to Jane Duchess of Athol, and a man of distinguished taste in the polite arts. Sir Charles died here Dec. 18, 1785. After his death the house was purchased by Sir Archibald Macdonald, the present Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, who resided here a few years, and then sold it to the Margrave of Brandenburoh. It was lately occupied by Mr. Le Texier, well known for his excellent reading of French Plays." Sir Nicholas Crispe, about the beginning of Charles the First's reign, built a most magnificent mansion by the water-side at Hammersmith; the expense of which is said to have amounted to near 25,000/. This house was plundered during the early part of the civil war. When the army was stationed at Ham- mersmith in the beginning of August 1647, Fairfax took up his quarters here, Sir Nicholas Crispe being then in France. ' Lysons^ vol. ii. p. 40^. OF FULHAM. 403 Sir Nicholas, however, lived to enjoy his villa once more in peace ; but his nephew sold it, anno 1683, to Prince Rupert, who gave it to his beautiful mistress, Margaret Hughs, a much admired actress in the reign of Charles 11. It continued to be her property near ten years, after which she sold it, with other premises^ to Timothy Lannoy, a scarlet dyer, and George Tread- way. In the year 1709, Anne, relict of George Tread- way, in consideration of the sum of 6,900/. quitted claim to all the premises purchased jointly as above- mentioned. Sir Timothy Lannoy died anno 1718, and his son James in 1723. Jane Lannoy, widow of James and daughter of Sir John Frederick, married to her second husband James Murray, Duke of AthoL In the year 1740, Leonora, only daughter of James Lannoy, Esq., sold the house at Hammersmith, then in the tenure of the Duke and Duchess of Athol, to George Dodington, Esq., afterwards Lord Melcombe, who repaired and modernized the house, giving it the name of La Trappe, and built a magnificent gallery for statues and antiques, the floor of which was inlaid with various marbles, and the door-case supported by two columns, richly ornamented with Lapis Lazuli. After Lord Melcombe's death, this place descended, under his will, to Thomas Wyndham, Esq. It has since been the property of Mr. Sturt, and was pur- chased, in the year 1792, by his Serene Highness Christian Frederick Charles Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburgh-Anspach and Bayreuth ; and since the death of his highness in 1806, the 2 D 2 404 HISTORICAL ACCOUN'l Margravine, sister of the Earl of Berkely, and relict of AVilliam Lord Craven, has made it her chief residence. Sir Nicholas Crispe^ the son of a very eminent merchant in the city of London, was born in the year 1598, and bred, according to the custom of those times^ in a thorough knowledge of business, though heir to a great estate. He made a considerable addition to this by marriage, and being a man of an enterprising genius, ever active and solicitous about new inventions and discoveries, was soon taken notice of at Court, was knighted, and became one of the Farmers of the King's Customs." When the times afterwards grew dark and cloudy, and the King's affairs were in Such distress he knew not how to turn himself for want of money. Sir Nicholas Crispe, and his partners in Farming the Customs, upon a very short notice, raised him the sum of 100, OOQ/. After the war broke out between the King and Par- liament, and in the midst of all the calamities and distractions with which it was attended, he continued to carry on an extensive trade with foreign parts, which produced to the King nearly 100,000/. a year, besides keeping the ports open, and ships in them con- stantly ready for his service. All the correspondence and supplies of arms, which were procured by the Queen, in Holland, and by the King's Agents in Denmark, were consigned to his care, and by his prudence and vigilance, speedily and safely ' Biog, Britan* ♦ OF FULHAM. , 405 conveyed to their respective destinations. Nothing could exceed the zeal and ardour which he displayed in his sovereign's cause. In matters of secrecy and danger he seldom trusted to any hands but his own ; and sometimes when he was believed to be in one place, he was actually at another; when he w^anted intelli- gence, he would be at the water-side with a basket of flounders upon his head, and often passed between London and Oxford in the dress of a butter woman on horseback, between a pair of panniers. He w^as the principal author of that w-ell-laid design, for publishing the King's Commission of Array at London, which Mr. Waller, through fear, betrayed. By the discovery of this business, Sir Nicholas found himself obliged to declare openly and plainly the course he meant to take; and having at his own expense raised a regiment of horse for the King, he put him- self at the head of it, and soon distinguished himself as remarkably in his military career, as he had ever done in his civil capacity. When the Siege of Gloucester was resolved on, Sir Nicholas Crispe was charged with his regiment of horse to escort the Kings Train of Artillery from Oxford, which important service he most gallantly performed. About this time he w^as unfortunately engaged in a duel with Sir James Ennyon, which terminated fatally to the latter ; and though the circum- stances attending it clearly justified his conduct to the world, and he was also honourably acquitted by the sentence of a court-martial, yet the concern it gave 2d 3 4t06 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT him was such as he could not shake off as long as he lived, He continued to sqrve with the same zeal and fide- lity during the year 1644, and in the spring following, when a treaty was set on foot at Uxbridge, the Parlia- ment thought fit to mark him, as they afterwards did in the Isle of \yight Treaty, by insisting that he should be removed from his Majesty's presence ; and shortly after they proceeded to an act of greater severity, for, April 16, 1645, they ordered his large house in Bread- street to be sold. Neither was this stroke of their vengeance judged a sufficient punishment for his loyalty, since having resolved to grant the Elector Palatine a pension of 8,000/. a year, they directed that 2,000/. should be applied out of the King's revenue, and the remainder made up out of the estates of Lord Culpepper and Sir Nicholas Crispe, which shews how considerable a fortune he had left to their mercy. The King's affairs at length growing desperate, and Sir Nicholas finding himself no longer able to render him any service, embarked with Lord Culpepper and Colonel Monk, and in a few days landed in France. But he did not long remain there ; for having good friends, who interfered in his favour with those in power, he was permitted to return home, having first submitted to a composition. Upon his return, he began immediately to make every effort to retrieve his shattered fortunes, by engaging again in business with the same spirit and success as before. His principal trade was to the Coast of Guinea, where he built, at his own expense, the Fort of Cormantine. OF FULHAM. 407 In this season of prosperity he was not unmindful of his royal master's wants then in exile, but contributed cheerfully and liberally to his relief, when his affairs seemed to be in the most desperate condition. After the death of Oliver Cromwell, he was princi- pally concerned in bringing the City of London, in her corporate capacity, to give the encouragement that was requisite, to leave General Monk wdthout any difficulties or suspicion as to the sincerity and unani- mity of their inclinations. After receiving the King's Letter, in May 1660, Sir Nicholas was afterwards appointed, with nine Aldermen and the Recorder, to wait upon his Majesty, and to tender him the duty and allegiance of the Citizens of London. His Majesty received these gentlemen very graciously in their public capacities, and afterwards testified to them separately the sense he had of their past services. Upon the King's Restoration, Sir Nicholas Crispe was reinstated as Farmer of the Customs. As Sir Nicholas w^as now in years, and infirm, he spent a great part of his time at his noble seat at Hammer- smith. The last testimony he received of his royal master's favour, was his being created- a Baronet, April 16, 1665 ; but he did not long survive it, for he died, February 26, the following year, in the sixty- seventh year of his age, leaving a very large estate to his grandson Sir Nicholas Crispe. His corps was interred with his ancestors in the parish church of St. Mildred, in Bread-street, and his funeral sermon w^as preached by his reverend and 2 D 4 408 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT learned kinsman, Mr. Crispe of Christ Church, Oxford^ but his heart was sent to the Chapel at Hammersmith/ The character of Sir Nicholas has thus been drawn b}^ a contemporary writer ; and though partly a repe- tition of what we have said, yet it is too curious to omit it altogether : Amongst the worthy citizens of those times, who, in the midst of the most epidemic corruption, escaped the smallest stain of infection, was Sir Nicholas Crispe, a gentlemen descended, both by father and mother, from the richest families in the city, in which they had borne the highest offices ; to which, however, Sir Nicholas did not aspire. He came very young into business, and with a larger fortune than most men carry out of it. He had excellent notions of commerce, and he knew how to reduce them to practice, and to bring whatever he engaged in up to them. He was the most general trader of his time, but was principally concerned in the commerce to Guinea, which was immensely profitable to hirn and his associates. He was very remarkable for interesting himself in all domestic arts and manufactures, for any improvements, in which he gave extraordinary gratuities. All new inventions he also encouraged ; and the art of brick- making, as since practised, was his own, conducted with incredible patience, through innumerable trials, and perfected at a very large expense. " His principles were equally sound in religion and ics ; and as he derived these from a good education, ' Biog, Brittan. OF FULHAM- 409 SO their effects not only appeared early, but were con- spicuous through the course of his whole life. In 1630, he gave in money and materialsj towards build- ing the new chapel at Hammersmith, 700/., besides being at the expense of adorning the roof with the arms of the Crown, and sprinkling it with roses, thistles, and flowers-de-luces, all effaced in the troublesome times that ensued. Himself, with his partners in the Customs, having advanced 100,000/. to the King, were fined 150,000/. to the Parliament, which was levied to the last farthing upon their estates. He loved exercise, and was remarkable for the pains he took to render his company, in the London trained-bands, as well disciplined as any troops could be; and this natural inclination to military affairs, proved very serviceable to him, when he became a Commander of Horse in the Royal Army. He was basely betrayed to the Earl of Essex at Cirencester, who surprised him with the small force he commanded, and gained thereby an advantage fatal to the King's design upon Gloucester, and which, to say the truth, had a very unhappy influence on the general state of his affairs. " When Sir Nicholas was obliged to quit the king- dom, and fly into parts beyond the seas, he made his private misfortunes turn to public benefits, by making such nice enquiries into agriculture, manufactures, and mechanic arts, as enabled him, upon his return, to make vast improvements in England of every kind, by his instructions, and through his encouragement, 410 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT the farmers and gardeners of Middlesex changed their old system for a better. " At his expense the banks of the river were secured, and the channel cleansed ; by his communication new inventions, as to water-mills, paper-mills, and powder- mills, came into use. After the Restoration^ he caused to be erected, at his own expense, in the south-east corner of the Chapel at Hammersmith, near the pulpit, a very neat and beautiful monument of black and white marble, eight feet in length, and near two in breadth, upon which he placed a brass bust of his beloved master, with a short and plain inscription underneath. He also directed, that after his decease, his own heart, in token of undying affection to his royal master, should be there in a white urn entombed. He spent 25,000/. in building his noble seat, which attracts all eyes from the river. It was there he spent the calm evening of his day, in honour and repose, loved by the great, prayed for by the poor, universally esteemed by all ranks of people ; and, being full of years and glory, with much patience and piety, resigned his soul to the mercy of his Creator, in the sixty-seventh year of his life."^ Mr^s. Margaret HughSj for whom Prince Rupert purchased the house of Sir Nicholas Crispe, 'was an actress of some celebrity, belonging to the King's Company, and one of the earliest female players in England. ' Characters of eminent Citizens of London, p. 98, 99. OF FULHAM. 411 The prejudice against women appearing on the stage, continued so strong, that, till near the time of the Restoration, boys constantly performed female characters. In 1659, or 1660, women were first introduced on the scene. The first woman that appeared in any regular drama on a public stage, per- formed the part of Desdemona. Mrs. Hughs played this part in 1663, when the Company removed to Drury-lane, and obtained the title of the Kings Servants, but whether she performed with them while they played at the Red Bull, or in Vere-street, has not been ascertained.* Mrs. Hughs attracted the attention of Prince Rupert, and eventually became his mistress. Count Anthony Hamilton, in his Memoirs of Count Grammont, has thus mentioned the circumstance : ^ " Prince Rupert found charms in the person of a Player, called Hughs, which brought to reason, and almost subdued his natural fierceness. From this time farewell alembics, crucibles, furnaces, and all the black trinkets of chemistry ; farewell all mathematical' instruments and speculations. Nothing was now in request with him but fine clothes, scented powder, and essences, for the impertinent gipsey had a mmd to be attacked in form; and proudly resisting money, in order to sell her favours at a dearer rate, she made the poor Prince act a part so unnatural, that he was not like himself." Prince Rupert had by this lady a daughter, named Ruperta, born in 1671, who married Emanuel Scroop ' Malone's History of the Stage. Chap. x. 412 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Howe, a Brigadier-general in the reign of Queen Anne^ and Envoy Extraordinary to the house of Brunswick Luneburg. Sir Timothy Lannoy^ who purchased Sir Nicholas Crispe's house, about the year 1693, and died here in 1718, was a silk-dyer of considerable eminence ; which business had been carried on by his ancestors for many generations. John de Lannoy was Mercer to Queen Elizabeth. James Lannoy, the son of Sir Timothy, was an eminent Turkey Merchant. He died in 1 724, and lay in state at his house in Hammersmith. He was buried in the church in a very sumptuous manner, the pro - cession being lighted by two hundred wax tapers." His widow, Jane, married to her second husband, James Duke of Athol. James Duke of Athol: succeeded his father in 1724. In 1733, he was Lord Privy Seal for Scotland, and one of the Sixteen Peers. In 1736, he claimed the Barony of Strange, on the death of James Earl of Derby, which being allowed, he took his seat in the House of Peers in March 1737. In 1763, his Grace was con- stituted Lord Keeper of the Great Seal in Scotland, He married, in 1726, Jane, daughter of Sir John Fre- derick, and widow of James Lannoy, Esq., who died in 1748. The Duke died January 8, 1764/ * British Journal, Jan. 25, 1724. ' CoUins's Peerage, vol, vii. p. 10. OF FULHAM. 413 George Bubb, Esq, was the son of an apothecary in Dorsetshire, and nephew to George Dodington of Eastbury in that county, a gentleman of very consi- derable fortune, who had been one of the Lords of the Admiralty during the reigns of King William, Queen Anne, and George the First Mr. Bubb was born in 169 15 and received his education at Oxford, where he distinguished himself among the wits of the day. He was initiated very early into public life. In 1715, he was elected Member for Winchelsea, and soon after was appointed Envoy Extraordinary to the Court of Spain, in which capacity he signed the Treaty of Madrid. After residing some time in Spain, he returned to England in 1717, and by the death of his uncle, in 1720, he came into the possession of a very large estate in the County of Dorset, on which he built a magnificent seat at the expense of 140,000/., which was often the residence of the first writers of the times, and the beauties of which have been frequently cele- brated by them.' On this great accession of property, he took the surname of Dodington. In 1722, he was chosen Member for Bridge water, and in 1724 he was made a Lord of the Treasury, and appointed to the lucrative office of Clerk of the Pells in Ireland. At this period he closely connected him- self with Sir Robert Walpole^ and in 1726 published a poetical Epistle addressed to that Minister, which is only remarkable for its servility and flattery.^ In ' See the works of Thomson, Young, Pitt, Lyttleton, aud others. ' Dodsley's Poems, vol. vi. p. 129. 414 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT 1734, he was elected Member for Weymouth, and in 1737, he took a very decided and laudable part in the contest between George 11. and the Prince of Wales, in the question about the augmentation of his allowance, and for a jointure to the Princess. In this transaction, of which we have a narrative by himself,* he appears to have acted with spirit, propriety, and consistency. At this time he became cool towards Sir Robert Walpole ; we therefore are not surprised to find, that in 1740, he was dismissed from his post in the Trea- sury, and he now engaged in opposition to his former friend. But, on the downfall of Sir Robert, Mr. Do- dington s expectations of preferment seem not to have been gratified, as he continued to act against the Ministry, and was principally concerned in forming the broad-bottom opposition which afterwards pre- vailed against the new administration. On their accession to power, in 1745, he was made Treasurer of the Navy, and sworn of the Privy Council. He might now have continued in favour with the Court during the rest of his life, had not an incident given occasion to a change in his conduct." On the 8th of March, 1749, the Prince of Wales sent a message^ offering him a full return to his favour, and the principal direction of his affairs. After two days' consideration, he agreed to the proposal, and immediately resigned his office of Treasurer of the Navy. Highly elated with the flattering prospect before him, he proceeded to communicate the intended arrangements to his * Diary, written by himself. * Ibid, OF FULHAM, 415 friends, and to secure their support. An opposition, however, was almost immediately formed in the Prince's household against him, and a month had scarcely elapsed before he found reason to complain, and he foresaw^ there was no prospect of doing any good/ He however continued in the Prince's service till death deprived the world of the Prince, and the whole band of dependants, who had built their expectations on his accession to the Crown, were thrown into the utmost despair. For some time Mr. Dodington determined to med- dle no more with public affairs ; but his anxiety to be restored to Court favour could not long be restrained. He made several efforts to regain the favour of Minis- ters, and offered his services without reserve, but he still remained neglected and unprovided for. He intrigued and united alternately with Mr. Pitt, Mr. Fox, and their friends. With the former he at one time had nearly concluded an engagement, when a sudden change in the political world, in 1755, induced him to accept of his former post of Treasurer of the Navy under the Duke of Newcastle. On the change of ministry in the following year, he was once more left in the lurch ; and from this time he gave up all hopes of establishing himself at Court until a new reign. On the accession of his present Majesty, Mr Dodington was very early received into the confidence of Lord Bute, and in 1761 he was advanced to the Peerage by the title of Lord Mel- combe. Though he had certainly at this time the means of gratifying whatever views of ambition he had ' Diary. 416 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT conceived, yet he did not take any ostensible post He contented himself with basking in the sunshine of Court favour, and secretly directing the motions of those who stood foremost in the administration. Lord Melcombe died at Hammersmith on the 28th of July, 1762, and was buried there the third of August following." The following inscription to his memory was placed on an Ionic pillar, in the gardens of his house at Hammersmith : To the Memory Of the Right Hon. George Dodington Lord Melcombe. In his early years he was sent by K. George L Envoy Extraordinary to K. Philip V. of Spain, 1715 ; Afterwards appointed, in commission with others, One of the Lords of the Treasury, Twice Treasurer of the Navy to K. George IL And Privy Counsellor. In 1761, created a Peer, and of the Cabinet to K. George III. He was raised to these honours, (Himself an honour to them) Rather by his exemplary merit and great abilities. Often experienced both in the Senate and Council, Than either by birth or fortune ; And if w it and true humour can delight. If eloquence can affect the heart. Or literature improve the mind ; If universal benevolence hath its charms ; No wonder He lived admired and beloved by all that knew him. And died by all lamented. In the year 1762, aged 71. * European Mag. June 1784. OF FULHAMo 4ir Thomas Wyndham, Esq., his heir^ Ordered this Inscription, In grateful remembrance Of his friend and relation. Lord Melcombe is allowed to have been generous^ tnagnificent, and convivial. To a few friends and dependants he was heartily attached. In the commori course of his political life, he was insincere and faith- less. He was better as a private gentleman than a politician. His reigning passion was to be well at Court, arid to this object he sacrificed every circum- stance of his life. His talents do not appear to have been distinguished by much brilliancy, but he certainly possessed a considerable share of cool judgment and reflection. He associated much with those who were able to confer fame. Thomson inscribed one of his Seasons, Young addressed one of his Satires to him/ His great failing was want of respect to himself. His talents, his fortune, his rank, and his connections, were sufficient to have placed him in a very elevated situation of life, had he regarded his own character^ and the advantages which belonged to him ; by neg- lecting these, he passed through the world without much satisfaction to himself, with little respect from the public, and no advantage to his country."^ Mr. Cumberland, while residing with his father at the rectory house, Fulham, formed an acquaintance * See a further account of his associates and dependants in Sir John Hawkins's Life of Dr. Johnson, p. 329, * European Mag, June, 1784 418 HISTORICAL ACCOtJNT with this celebrated nobleman ; and has devoted some pages of his entertaining Memoirs to the delineation of his character : ^ " In the adjoining parish of Hammersmith, (he saySj) lived Mr. Dodington, at a splendid villa, which by a rule of contraries he was pleased to call La Trappe, and his inmates and familiars the Monks of the Con- vent ; these were Mr. Wyndham his relation, whom he made his heir ; Sir William Breton, Privy-Purse to the King ; and Doctor Thomson, a physiciai^ out of practice. These gentlemen formed a very curious society of very opposite characters ; in short, it was a trio^ consisting of a misanthrope, a courtier, and a quack. Mr. Glover, the author of Leonidas, was occa- sionally a visitor, but not an inmate, as those above- mentioned. How a man of Dodington's sort came to single out men of their sort (with the exception of Mr. Glover) is liard to say ; but though his instruments w^ere never in unison, he managed to make music out of them all. He could make and find amusement in contrasting the sullenness of a grumbletonian with the egregious vanity and self-conceit of an antiquated Goxcouib ; and as for the doctor, he was a jack-pudding ready to his hand at any time. He was understood to be Dodingtou's Body Physician, but J believe he cared but little about his patient's health, and his patient cared still less about his prescriptions ; and when in his capacity of superintendant of his patron's didactics, he cried out one morning at breakfast to have the ' Vol. i. p. 181. OF FULHAM- 419 muffins taken away; Dodington aptly enough cried out at the same time to the servant, to take away the ragga-muffin ; and, truth to say, a more dirty animal than poor Thomson, was never seen on the outside of a pig-stye ; yet he had the plea of poverty, and no passion for cold water. " It is about a short and pleasant mile from this villa to the parsonage house at Fulham, and Mr. Dodington having visited us with great politeness, I became a frequent guest at La Trappe, and passed a good deal of my time with him there, in London also, and occasionally in Dorsetshire. " He was certainly one of the most extraordinary men of his time ; and as I had opportunities of con- templating his character, in all its various points of view, I trust my readers will not regret that I have devoted some pages to the further delineation it." Lord Orford, in his Catalogue of Noble Authors," gives a list of some of Lord Melcombe 's publications, and says: Ostentatious in his person, houses^ and furniture, he wanted in his expence the taste he never wanted in his conversation. Pope and Churchill treated him more severely than he deserved, a fate that may attend a man of the greatest wit, when his parts are more suited to society than to composition. The rerse remains, the bon-mots and sallies are forgotten/" " Page 458, 2 E 2 420 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Lord Melcombe's house at Hammersmith was sold after his death by his heir, Mr.Wyndham, to Mrs. Sturt^ who sold it to a Mr. Martindale ; from whom, in the year 1792, it was purchased by his Serene Highness the Margrave of Brandenburgh Anspach and Bayreuth. Christian Frederiek Charles Alexander, Margrave of Brajidenburgh Anspach and Bayreuth^ was born Feb. 24, 1736. His Highness was nearly related to the present Royal Family, his maternal grandmother being Sophia Dorothea, daughter of George I., who married Frederick William King of Prussia; and Queen Caroline, wife of George 11.^ was his great- aunt. He was also nephew to Frederiek II. of Prussia, his mother being sister to that illustrious monarch. His Hiorhness was first married to a Princess of the house of Saxe-Cobourg, but being left a widower, in 1791 he married Lady Craven, widow of the late Lord Craven, who was created by the present Emperor of Germany, a Princess in her own maiden name of Berkeley. His Sei^ne Hrghness presented the rare instance of a man voluntarily resigning sovereign power for the enjoyments of private life ; for, soon after his marriage with Lady Craven, in December 1791:, he transferred his territorial possessions, and resigned the government of his states to the King of Prussia, in consideration of an annuity for the joint lives of himself and the Mar- gravine, of 400,000 rix-doUars ; and upon this events bis Highness, foreseeing the storm> then ready to burst OF FULHAM. 421 mer Europe, came to England with his whole family, and resided in this country till his death. He died at his seat at Benham, near Newbury, in Berkshire, after an illness of three days, in February 1806. His remains were interred in a sumptuous and splendid manner, the procession being very numerous and grand, in the Church of Speen, near Newbury. His goodness of heart, and extreme aftability, endeared him to all ranks of people who knew him, either as a sovereign or an individual. Since the death of the Margrave, the house at Ham- mersmith became the residence of her Serene Highness the Margravine, to whom he had left all his personal property ; and the well-known taste of her Highness has been shewn in the improvements and decorations of the house, which are both elegant and magnificent. The State Apartments consist of five rooms, besides the gallery, which have all been fitted up by the Margravine. In the Small Dining Room are the following por- traits and pictures : A Portrait of the Margravine, by Madame Le Brun. A Portrait of the Margrave, by Madame de Tott, daughter of Baron de Tott. The Honourable Keppel Craven, by the same. Admiral Berkeley, by Gainsborough. The King of Naples, by a Neapolitan Artist. Four Views of Naples, by an Italian Artist. Two Views in Corsica, by Colonel James Berkeley^ of the Marines. 2 E 3 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT An excellent View of Berkeley Castle, a drawing in water-colours. A Landscape. Over the chimney is a Copy from a Painting of Murillo, the subject, boys at play, worked in worsted by the Margravine, in which the spirit of the original is admirably preserved. The Draw'mg Room is 38 feet by 23, and 30 feet in height ; it is fitted up with white satin paper with a narrow border of gold. The cieling of this room was painted for Lord Meicombe, by whom also the very costly chimney-piece, of white marble^ representing the Marriage of the Thames and the Isis, was put up. At the upper end is a Chair of State, elegantly carved and gilt, over which is placed a whole-length Portrait of the illustrious Frederick of Prussia, the Margravine s uncle ; the whole is covered with a canopy, decorated with a very elegant and rich border, ornamented with the Arms of Prussia. The picture of the King of Prussia was a present from him to his nephew the Margrave, and as he had sat patiently, it is a good likeness; it was painted by a Polish lady in 1772. Here are two beautiful Vases, from designs by Fia- mingo, set in gold, and representing bacchanalian boys in bas relief, in ivory ; and an antique lamp, in carved ivory, adorned with warlike figures. In the State Bed Room are, two Views of Benham in Berkshire, the seat of the Margravine, by M. de Courtez, a Spanish gentleman. OF FULHAMo 423 Chaucer s Tower, by the same. A View in Berkshire, by the same. A Woman knitting, in water-colours, by Mercier^ very fine. Two Views of Tristolf, a Park belonging to the Margrave in Germany. The Seven Cardinal Virtues, after Sir Joshua Reynolds, copied expressly for the Margravine. A Painting of a Mausoleum erected by an Indiai> Prince in memory of his Queen, at the expence of 1,100,000/. A present to the Margravine from Sir Ewen Bailey, Bart The Honourable Keppel Craven, in crayons, by Madame le Brun. Thalia, a drawing by Bartolozzi. A Lucretia, in tapestry, presented to the Margrave by the Pope. A Dutch Portrait. A Portrait of the Honourable Keppel Craven, in a character in The Robbers ; a drawing. A View of Berkeley Castle ; a drawing by S. Lysons. Esq. St Cecilia ; an Italian drawing, very fine. Two Views in America, in Indian ink. Two Views on the Rhine, in Indian ink. Portraits of Eclipse and St. Peter, two stallions belonging to the Margrave. A Venus ; a carving in ivory. A Portrait of the Margrave in enamel. In this rooni are also some very fine prints, among 2e4 424 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT which is a Portrait of the Duke of Orleans, engrave4 hy his brother^ the Due de Montpensier. In the Small Drawing Room is a cabinet, containing a large collection of Miniatures^ among which are several in enamel by the celebrated Petitot. in the centre hangs a superb circular frame enriched with diamonds and jewels, surmounted with a crown of diamonds, containing the Portraits of Louis XIV., Philip, his brother, and Anne of Austria, by Petitot; a present to the Margrave's grandfather from the Duchess of Orleans, Princess of Bavaria. Twenty-three other Portraits of eminent and illus- trious personages of the Court of France, by the same artist. •A Portrait of Frederick, Elector Palatine and King pf Bohemia. Two Portraits of the Czar Peter the Great and his Empress Catharine. A Portrait of the Duchess of Berri, daughter of th^ Eegent. A Portrait of Frederick the Great of Prussia. Two Portraits, copies from Italian masters, and done in encaustic at Rome. A series of Family Portraits of the house of Bran- denburgh. A Portrait of the Margrave, at the back of which is . one of the Honourable Keppel Craven when a child. A Portrait of the Margravine in Berlin China, done at Berlin, OF FULHAM. A Gameo likeness of the celebrated Count de BufFon. A Seve China Bust of Buonaparte, executed in the iirst year of his Consulship, presented to the Margra^ vine by the Prussian Minister at Paris. A silver Medallion of Charles L and his Queen, dug up a few years since near Brandenburgh House. In this room, near the fire-place, stands a superb Vase of Berlin China, ornamented with a Medallion of Frederick the Third, King of Prussia, father of his present Majesty ; a present from the King to the Mar- gravine. The Gallery is 30 feet high, 20 wide, and 82 in length ; it was originally fitted up by Lord Melcombe, and floored with marble ; but the Margravine, finding it too cold, has taken away the marble pavemeqt, and by putting down an elastic-boarded floor, and fixing two stoves in it, has made it an excellent and perfect Bail Room. The columns of Lapis Lazuli have been removed, and are intended to decorate the bas relief Medallion of his Highness the Margrave. The cieling is of Mosaic work, ornamented v/ith roses. The gallery is now filled with the following valuable Pictures, her Highness having removed several, in 1811, from her residence in Berks. Over the doors are two Landscapes, by Hecquet, Painter to the King of Naples. At the west end is a whole-length Portrait of Frederick William^ King of Prussia, in a military habit. 426 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT A whole-length Portrait of the Margravine, by Romney ; and on the oppoaite side, her two youngest sons by Hoppner. Christ and St. John, by Carlo Dolce. Two Heads, by an Italian Master. Diana and Acteon, by Rubens, two feet six by two feet; very fine. Four Paintings of Beggar Boys, by Murillo. A Madonna, painted on leather by an Italian master. Four beautiful Views, in water-colours, representing the four seasons, by Agricola, a German Artist* Sir Kenelm Digby, his Wife and Family, by Van- dyke ; a fine specimen of that eminent master. On the north side are, a Portrait of the Margrave ; a drawing. Two Portraits, drawings ; very fine. Portrait of Henry IV. of France ; a drawing. Portrait of Flamingo the Sculptor, by Vandyke. A Portrait, by Cornelius Jansen. The Adoration of the Magi. The Rialto at Venice, by Canaletti. The Sacrifice of Iphigenia, by Hoffman. A Sleeping Venus, by the same. Two Landscapes. On the south side are, a Boy's Head, by Fragonard; very fine. Portrait of Copetzky, a pupil of Mengs, with his Wife and Child, by himself. The Three Graces, by Carlo Dolce. A Roman Charity, on copper, by an Italian master. St. Francis, in the style of Teniers. A Landscape. OF FULHAM. 427 Over the Fire-place are, Venus, copied from Titian by a Scotch Artist at Florence ; supposed to be one of the best copies ever made, and is the last that was per- mitted to be taken. A Portrait in Profile of the Margrave, in Basso Relievo J by the Margravine, the size of life. Bronzes and Marbles. Two Centaurs, a Venus de Medicis, Bacchus, Adonis, a Female rising from a Bath, two Wrestlers, a Faun's Head, a Gladiator. A capital marble Bust of Voltaire, by Hodden. A Niobe, in white marble. A Water Nymph, in white marble, by an Italian Artist. A Roman Empress, in white marble. The following pictures and drawings are in the apartments on the ground floor : hi the Dining Room, Over the marble chimney-piece, a cast from the Bas Relief Medallion of the Margrave, by the Mar- gravine, In the Dressing Room are. Twenty-four coloured Drawings of Swiss Peasants. A coloured View of the Rock of Gibraltar, by Colonel James Berkeley, of the Marines. A Topographic Map of Constantinople, by Kauffer, presented to the Margravine by the Comte de Choiseul Goufiier. 428 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT A small Map of the Crimea, drawn by the officers there, and presented to the Margravine. Two Sketches, by Fragonard, of Scenes at Anspach; one, the Margrave going to assist at a fire, and the other, going to the chace. Two Views at Benham^ by J. Nixon, Esq. ; a pre- sent from him to the Margravine, Two Views of Brandenburgh House and Seat in the Gardens, by Wigstead, given by him to the Mar- gravine. Two Flower Pieces, by Mercier. An Indian Ink drawing of a Concert ; a caricature by Joseph Maddocks, Esq. A Print of the Doge of Venice, elected when Lady Craven, now the Margravine, was at Venice. A Drawing with a Pen, after Teniers, very fine. An old Woman at work. Ruins of the Castle of Durenstein on the Danube, sketched by the Margravine during a voyage down that river. This is the castle in which Richard Coeur de Lion was confined. A small Landscape, in water-colours, very fine. A Medallion of Sir William Hamilton. Another of Frederick IIL of Prussia. The Margrave on horseback in full gallop ; a draw- ing taken by a lad, as he saw his Highness pass to a Review. In the Bed-chamber, over the Chimney, A fine Engraving, by Denon, of the Accusation of Appelles. OF FULHAM. 429 Above which is a Portrait of Denon, engraved by himself, and presented by him to the Margravine. Four Prints of the Royal Family of France in Louis XIV.'s time. On the South Side. A fine Proof Print of Guido's Aurora. A scarce Print of Dean Swift ; he was Chaplain to the Margravine's grandfather. Two Engravings, by the Due de Montpensier; one, a View of Benham ; the other, Chaucer's Tower, as seen from the house at Benham ; a present from him to the Margravine. Two Drawings of Women and Children, by Sir Robert Kerr Porter, and given by him to the Mar- gravine. A Pencil Drawing of the Source of the Karousow in the Crimea, drawn by the officers there. The Temple of Gratitude, a Drawing by M. de Courtez, presented by him to the Margravine. The Duke of Gloucester when a Boy, a Print. Eight very fine French Prints. Between the windows are two Drawings in Indian Ink, by the Hon. K. Craven; and a Print of Berkeley Castle. In the Hall, under a Bust of Comus, were placed the following verses, written by Lord Melcombe : " While rosy wreaths the goblet deck. Thus Comus spoke, or seem'd to speak : This place, for social hours design'd^ May care and business never find- 430 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT Come every Muse, without restraint^ Let genius prompt, and fancy paint ; Let wit and mirth, with friendly strife, Chase the dull gloom that saddens life* True wit, that, firm to Virtue's cause, Respects Religion and the Laws ; True mirth, that cheerfulness supplies To modest ears and decent eyes ; Let these indulge their liveliest sallies, Both scorn the canker'd help of malice ; True to their country and their friend, Both scorn to flatter, or offend." Leading from the Hall is the Conservatorv, con- necting the house with the apartments adjoining the Theatre. This suite of apartments contains, besides those occupied by Mr. Keppel Craven, a Billiard- room, a Coffee-room, and the Library, in which is a valuable collection of books in English and foreign literature, which was chiefly formed by his Serene Highness at a great expense, as he constantly kept persons in Italy and Germany collecting for him. The Theatre is erected near the w^ater-side, in a castellated form; it is one of the most elegant and convenient private theatres in this kingdom, the Mar- gravine having bestowed every possible embellishment upon it. Here her Highness has occasionally entertained her friends with dramatic exhibitions, and sometimes gra- tified them by exerting her talents both as a writer and OF FULHAM, 451 a performer : but her Highness had not the same advantage here which she enjoyed at the Court of Anspach, in having many of the young nobility to form a large and elegant company of comedians. Plays, melo-dramas, and ballets, with a selection of the choicest music, were the entertainments given. Among the novelties performed here, may be mentioned, The Tamer Tamed," altered by the Margravine from Beaumont and Fletcher ; " The Yorkshire Ghost," wTitten by the late Sir Charles Busby, and altered and improved by her Highness ; " The Smyrna Twins," The Princess of Georgia," ^'The Gauntlet," a melo- drama, written by the Hon. Keppel Craven ; " The Return of Ellis," a magnificent serious pantomime, by the same; and The Robbers," altered by him also, from the German. These pieces derived their principal interest from the admirable acting of the Margravine and her son; both of them being excellent performers, and passionately fond of music. The Theatre, not having been used since the death of the Margrave, is at present undergoing a repair under the direction of a foreign artist, her Highness having an intention of resuming her theatrical amusements. The gardens and grounds, though not extensive, are laid out in an appropriate style, corresponding with the house, and from their situation enjoy all the beauties the Thames is capable of affording. 432 HISTORICAL ACeOUNt Craven Cottage Is situated oh the banks of the Thames ; it id bounded on the east by the Bishop of London's meadows, and on the north and west by garden grounds. It was originally built by the Margravine of Anspach when Lady Craven : it still retains her name^ but has been much enlarged and altered by subsequent proprietors. This elegant and rural retreat, where nature has done much from its situation, but art has done a great deal more, by the successive change of tenants, was pur- chased of Denis O'Brien, Esq., in 1805, by Sir Robert Barclay, Bart., who let it to Walsh Porter, Esq., who occasionally resided in it till his death. Sir Robert Barclay sold it, in 1811, to Richard Wilson, Esq., of Lincoln's Inn. The cottage consists of two stories, divided into a variety of apartments and offices. The principal entrance from the Lawn, is through the Egyptian Hall; Which is fitted up in the Egyptian style, being air exact copy from one of the plates in Denon's Travels in Egypt, during the campaigns of Buonaparte in that country. The two great doors cost two hundred gui- neas : they are composed of wrought iron work, divided into various compartments filled with plate glass, and are exact copies of the original represented in Denon's work. Ot FULHAM. The interior is richly painted in the Egyptian style • it is supported by eight immense columns covered with hieroglyphics, and at each corner of the room is a palm- tree. A sphinx and a mummy are painted on each side of the door; the cieling is painted with hieroglyphics; a female figure in bronze, as large as life, stands near the door, holding up a curtain painted in imitation of a tiger s skin ; and a moveable camel, in bronze, stands near the entrance. The whole of this room is striking and characteristic* The Egyptian Hall leads, on the left, into the Chapel> which is near fifty feet long and twenty wide. The roof is divided into groined arches with pendants ; the sides, as well as the cieling, are painted in exact imita- tion of the Chapel of Henry VH. at Westminster Abbey, and are inimitably executed ; the artist, whose name we could not learn, is lately dead. At the upper end are two knights in armour, with shields and spears, painted by Sir R. Kerr Porter, The Chapel is lighted by three large Gothic windows filled with stained glass, which cost the late Walsh Porter, Esq., above eight hundred guineas. It was procured by him, in France and Italy, during the havoc and pillage at the commencement of the French Revolution, and was taken from palaces and churches to which it had, undoubtedly, been an ornament for many ages. The two great doors of this chapel are painted in bronze, in imitation of the two great doors of Henry VII.'s chape^l 2 F 434 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT We shall briefly mention some of Ihe objects repre- sented in these windows : In the First Window^ on the east, is Michael the Archangel driving down Satan into the bottomless pit ; the Crucifixion of Christ ; the Virgin at Prayer; Boaz and Ruth, and several ancient coats of arms. In the Second Window^ Moses and Aaron; five large male figures and one female figure, at their devotions ; Joseph cast into a pit; Daniel in the Lion's Den; a personification of the Last Judgment; several small portraits and ancient coats of arms. In the Third Window^ four Jewish heads ; - tb© taking down from the Cross ; St. Paul preaching at Athens ; the Prodigal Son feeding with Swine ; the Return of the Prodigal Son, and several ancient coats of arms. Besides the preceding, there were, in Mr. Porter s time, several other apartments fitted up in the style of different foreign countries. The windows of the Divan were in the shape of a crescent^ and in the centre was contrived a false moon, which had a most pleasing eff'ect Opposite the Egyptian Hall was a Tartar's or Per- sian Chieftain's Tent, very complete, ornamented with pannels of looking-glass, which, between the blue- striped linings of the Tent, had a peculiar effect ; it was lighted from the top by a window in the form of a crescent. Whilst Mr. Walsh Porter possessed this Cottage, he expended upwards of 4000/. in the embellishment of it OF FULHAM. 435 The present proprietor, R. Wilson, Esq., has made great alterations and improvements in the house and grounds. There is an elevated Terrace, facing the Thames, through which the water can be let in and out at plea- sure. The lawn is extensive, and the grounds are laid out with much taste. Since the first building of this " Ferme Orn6,'' about 15,000/. has been expended upon the premises. The late JValsh Porter, Esq., was descended from a very ancient Catholic family, who formerly held large property in the Counties of Somerset and Surry. A manor, and considerable estate at Wandsworth, in the latter County, Mr. Porter was possessed of at the time of his death, and which had been in his family time immemorial. He was a gentleman of great taste and of considerable acquirements, which he neg- lected for the pursuit of what is called the very toil of pleasure in the fashionable world ; and this he even began to pursue only at an advanced period of life, which probably was one of the causes of the disorder which brought him to his grave. He had an excellent taste for music, and composed many sprightly airs that obtained much applause. He was an excellent companion, a warm and disinterested friend, a perfect gentleman in his conduct and manners in society; no one possessed more of the siiamter in modo than Mr. Porter. He died suddenly at Dawlish Villa, near Bath, on the 9th of May, 1809. He had. on the preceding 2 F 2 436 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT evening, desired his valet to order the post-chariot to be got in readiness by five o'clock on the following morning. The man attended his master's order, and on entering the room found him dead in his bed. For some time past he had been labouring under a severe liver complaint, but was lately much recovered, and had formed a determination of returning to London. He was buried in the Abbey Church at Bath, where an elegant monument has been erected to his memory. Mrs. Billingtons Villa. Opposite to Brandenburgh House, and adjoining to Parr's Bridge, where the division of the hamlet com- mences, is situated the elegant villa of Mrs. Billington, The ground is the property of the parish, and was pur* chased in the year 1628,* for a trifling sum; it no\i^ produces 68/. per annum^ and will be worth double this sum at the expiration of the present lease. Mrs. Billington has expended a large sum of money in embellishing these premises; there were formerly two houses, but they are now converted into one. The house is fitted up in the first style of elegance and fashion, and a large conservatory has been built at the east end. Mrs. Billington is the daughter of Mr. Weichsel!, of a noble family in Germany, but who not enjoying a lineal inheritance adequate to the support of his title and dignity, resorted to the study of music as a pro* fession, and soon became a very respectable performer. Mrs. Weichsell was a vocal performer of considerable merit, and for several years stood high in the esteem See p. 116. OF FULHAM, 437 of the first amateurs in this country. Miss Weichsell began very early to display uncommon indications of musical genius ; and her father afforded her every pos sible encouragement, both by his own instructioo, and that of the greatest masters. Her first introduction to the town was at the Haymarket Theatre, where she performed a Concerto on the Piano-forte^ in a benefit- concert for her mother. She continued to officiate at many public and private concerts for some time, when Mr. Billington, a respectable Musician of Drury-lane Theatre, paid his addresses to her, and soon prevailed upon her to marry him. Soon after this marriage, she entered into articles with the proprietors of the Dublin Theatre as a singer; and here she first gave to the public those proofs of vocal pre-eminence which, in private concerts, had already delighted all the amateurs. Her fame extended with her efforts, and the Managers of Covent-garden Theatre were induced to invite her to Lojidon. She accordingly returned, and had the honour of having her first appearance commanded by their Majesties, which was as Rosetta, in " Love in a Village," Feb. 13, 1786. Mrs. Billington continued to perform for several succeeding seasons at Covent-garden Theatre. In 1794, she visited Italy, with a hope for an opportunity of still further improvement^ and w^as received with the most flattering attention in the principal cities of that country. Mr. Billington, who had accompanied her, died suddenly during their stay at Naples. In 2 F 3 438 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT 1801 she returned to England, and resumed her former station at Covent-garden Theatre. To say, what has been said a thousand times of this lady,, that her voice was exquisite, her execution inimi- table, and her compass extensive, would indeed be only saying the truth. Though some singers were more sublime, yet no one was more pathetic, correct, and delicate. She was ever indefatigable in her atten- tion to the business of the stage, and to improve in her profession, and, it must be allowed, her endeavours have not been fruitless. We believe she has now entirely retired from public life, to enjoy that affluence her superior talents have so well earned. OF FULHAM. 439 CHAPTER XIIL Crab Tree, Earl of Cltolmondeley^s Villa, Grove Houses Sandy End, Sandford Manor. CRAB TREE. This village takes its name from a large crab-tree formerly growing here/ and which stood near the pub- lic house, known by this name, at the present day. It consists of a few gardeners' houses and a large malt- house, carried on by Attersol,,Esq. The Bridle Road anciently passed along the water-side, through this place, by Sir Nicholas Crispe's house, to Hammer- smith ; it was altered with permission of the parish by Sir Nicholas Crispe, he paying a sum of money for the use of the poor/ It was here that Sir Nicholas Crispe made the bricks with which he built his splendid mansion ; pre- vious to this, all the bricks made in this country were burnt in kilns in the same manner as tiles now are. It is probable that he introduced this method from abroad, as he had been a great traveller. In removing the old boat-house belonging to thfe late Mr. Lewds in the year 1809, when Lord Cholmondeley's house was built, the workmen discovered the remains of the clamps and drains. ' MS. Account of Fulham in the possession of F. Britton, Esq. ^ See page 159. 2 f4 440 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT It has been said by some ancient people that Queen Elizabeth had a country-seat and a chapel here. Some few years ago a very ancient out-building belong- ing to Mr, Eayres, fell to the ground through age. Upon clearing away the rubbish, the workmen disco- vered, in the corner of a chimney, a black-letter bible handsomely bound, and ornamented with the arms of Queen Elizabeth, in good preservation. This book is now in the possession of Mr. Eayres, whose family have resided at this place nearly two centuries. EARL OF CHOLMONDELEy's VILLA Is situated here on the banks of the Thames. It was built in the year 1810; the design was taken from a villa in Switzerland^ which his Lordship had seen on his travels. It was erected under the immediate inspection of its noble propriietor, who has expended a considerable sum upon this singularly constructed edifice. It is built chiefly of wood of his Lordship's own growing, The interior is principally fitted up Math cedar of the largest growth ever produced in this country. The exterior is covered with coloured slate, having nearly the same appearance and solidity as stone. The house consists of four stories. The lower story contains the cellars and servants' apartments, and is perfectly dry and free from damp, although it is con- siderably lower than the Thames at High-water-mark. The principal story enjoys a delightful view of the Thames and the opposite country, and contains the dining-rooms and drawing-rooms, and communicates OF FULHAM. 441 with the garden by a vestibule. The second story contains several bed-chambers and dressing-rooms, commanding views of the Thames. The upper story, which is concealed in the roof, contains the servants' apartments. The front next the Thames is ornamented with a colonade, which extends the whole length of the building, thatched with reeds, to correspond with the roof; it is supported by ten rustic columns, entwined with honey-suckles, having a most picturesque effect from the river. At each end is a semicircular recess, fitted up with chairs, tables, &c., to correspond with the exterior of the building, and paved in imi- tation of Mosaic. The premises consist of about seven acres, and are laid out in a kitchen garden and pleasure grounds, in which are some remarkably fine walnut-trees, said to be of the largest growth in the kingdom. When the house was built, the ancient bridleway was turned round the premises, by consent of the parish; for which accommodation his lordship paid a sum of money to the use of the poor. As the v/orkmen were employed in removing the ground to raise the bank at the river-side, they disco-^ vered, at about four feet from the surface, two human skeletons laying parallel with each other ; one had lost his head, and in the body of the other lay a dagger, the blade of which was almost entirely corroded by the rust and damp, but the handle, being brass, was still in perfect preservation. It represents a male and female figure standing together; the man is dressed in boots and a hat and feather, the military dress of the 442 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT time of Charles I., and the dress of the woman is alsd of that period. Some time after this discovery, two more skeletons were found under a hedge with daggers laying by their sides ; at the same time were dug up various pieces of money^ consisting of silver pennies of Edward VI., coins of Queen Elizabeth, James 1. and Charles I., which have all been carefully preserved. Various conjectures have been hazarded concerning these human skeletons; it will be recollected that Fulham became, during the civil wars of King Charles !• and his Parliament, the scene of various military trans- actions. At one time^ in 1642, the Earl of Essex had his head-quarters here, and built the bridge of boats, as we have already mentioned,' and in 1647 the Parlia- ment army was again quartered at Fulham and Putney. The line of the banks of the river, towards Crab Tree, bear evident marks to this day of military works having been thrown up, and it is most likely that these persons were buried here at that period. In the neighbouring grounds in the occupation of Mr. Eayres, great quantities of human bones have been from time to time discovered. A tradition has prevailed, that they have lain here since the period of the invasion by the Danes ; but we have not been able to discover any certain traces of the time when, or how they were deposited here. ' See p. 253. OF FULHAM. 443 FULHAM FIELD. That part of the parish adjoining the villas just described, and extending eastward to North-End and Waiham-Green, is called Fulham Field. It consists of between two and three hundred acres, chiefly occupied t^y market-gardeners, and from hence great quantities of vegetables are sent to Covent-garden Market. SANDY END Is that part of Fulham adjoining to the parish of Chelsea; it extends from Sandford Bridge towards Parson's-Green, and is but thinly inhabited. Here was situated Grove House^ thus described by Bowack : A very ancient seat situated upon the Thames towards the east limits of this parish, near Chelsea, called Grove House, lately the seat of Sir John Elwes, deceased, a Justice of the Peace for this county ; and before of Henry Elwes, Esq., his uncle, but now pur- chased with the great tythes, and a fine estate adjoin- ing, by — Bridges, Esq. ' This seat i^ sweetly situated, and is very pleasant in summer, though in winter it is sometimes incommoded by the water, being upon a low ground. The gardens are extraor- dinary fine ; and the many winter-greens, as cypress, yew, and fir, which flourish here extremely, make it yery reniarkable." 444 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT The above-mentioned Sir John Elwes appears, from the Parish Books, to have been an acting magistrate of this district for many years. He was also a benefactor to the parish in founding some alms-houses at Ham- mersmith. He died here, and was buried at Fulham^ March 6, 1702.' In 1702j this estate was sold to Sir Brook Bridges, Bart., in whose family it continued till 1767, when it was sold to Mr. Deliverance Smith. The house has been long since pulled down, and there is now only a small tenement on its site. Sandford Manor. Henry ^ Earl of Northumberland^ in the year 1403, gave a small manor in the parishes of Fulham and Chelsea, consisting of some rents of assize, a messuage, a toft, two cottages, sixty acres of arable land, and four of meadow, to the Dean and Chapter of St. Martin-le-Grand, in exchange for a house in Aldersgate-street. King Henry VH. granted the Col- legiate Church of St. Martin, with all its endowments, to the Monastery of St. Peter, Westminster. When that city was made a bishopric, the Church of St. Martin at first constituted a part of its revenues ; but afterwards, in the year 1544, was settled upon the Dean and Chapter. The manor above-mentioned being thus vested in the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, was by them granted to the King, in 15495 in exchange for other lands. It was sold by Queen Mary, anno 1558, to ' .Parish Register. OF FULHAM. 445 William Maynard, Citizen of London, at thirty years' purchase, being valued at 60^. per annum^ and held of the Crown in socage, as of the east manor of Green- wich. The manor is thus described in the grant to William Maynard : ' " The sayd Manor ys one entire thinge of hyt selfe, and came to thands of Kinge Henry VIII. by way of exchaunge, from the sayd house of Westminster, and ys no pcell of thancyent inheritance of y^ Crowne, nor of y^ Duchies of Lane or Cornewall, and lyethe about foure miles from the Kinge and Queenes MaH^^ house of St. James. I do not know^e any leade or myne to be upone the premises, neither is the Kinge and Queenes Ma^^^.^ answered of any other lands beinge within the parishe of Fulham. The premisses do contain in divers parcells of lande to the sayd Tente belonginge ye nombre of xlV acres of lande, viz. ii acres of meadowe, & xliii acres of arable grounde, nether ys ther any wood in or upon any parte of the premises, but ye hedge rowes, which are not able to maytayne the ffoulis thereof, as by certyfycate from Alexander Henrys . . . within the sayd countie remayninge aperethe.'' Sir William Maynard, who settled at Curriglass, near Tallow, in Ireland, died seised of this estate, by the name of the Manor of Sandford, anno 1630, and it ' Lands granted by K. Ph. and Q. Mar. 4°. and 5^ of their reigns; before which are prefixed the Letters Patents or Com- mission fot the sale, and instructions of the Commissioners. HqtL MSS. No. 608, p. 5. 446 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT continued in the same family till the death of Robert Maynard, Esq., anno 1756, in whom the male branch became extinct ; leaving no issue, the inheritance of his estates was vested in his four aunts, or their representatives. In the year 1778, the Hon. William Moore, uncle to the present Earl of Mount Cashel, who married Anne, daughter of Digby Foulke, Esq., and great- grand-daughter of Angel Maynard, one of the four ladies above-mentioned, purchased the other shares of this estate, and in the year 1788, sold the manor- house, and site of this manor, to Mr. William Howard of Walham Green.' The house was then occupied as a pottery in the tenure of Mr. James Rewell. Shortly after the estate was sold to Henry Mist, Esq., and was converted into a cloth-manufactory by Mr. Hart, who carried it on for some time. These premises were purchased in the year 1811 by the present proprietors, Messrs. Brown and Co., who have established here the patent cask manufactory, as before described.* » Lysons, vol. ii. p. 359. ^ See p. 28. OF FULHAM. 447 APPENDIX. No. 1. Bishops of London from A.D. 1. Melitus* 605 2. Ceadda 654 3. Wina 666 4. Erkenwald •••• ^ 675 5. Walderus 685 6. Ingualdas • • • • • • • 715 7. Egwulphus 747 8. Wigbed 756 9. Eadbright 761 10. Eadgar 768 11. Kenwalgus 773 12. Eddbald 784 13. Hecbert, orHeathobert 795 the Foundation of the See. A.D. 14. Osmond, or Oswyn • • 813 15. Ethelnoth 835 16. Ceolbert 838 17. Renulphus, or Ceorulfus 841 18. Suithulfus 854 19. Eadstan 860 20. WulfsiuE 873 21. Ethelward 878 22. Elstan 886 23. Theodred 900 24. Wulstan 922 25. Brithelmus 941 26. Dunstan'^ 958 ' Translated to Canterbury in 619, cn tlie death of Laurence the second Archbishop. ^ Dunstan, the twenty-sixth Bishop, was Abbot of Glastonbury in the reign of Edred, and in 951 was promoted to the See of Worcester. In 958 he was translated to London, and in 959 to the metropolitan See of Canterbury- He was the first Enghsh prelate that opposed the marriage of the Clergy. He is said to have been a good musician, painter, and mechanic. In Hicks's Thesaurus is an engraving copied from a maraiscript in the Bodleian Library, representing St. Dunstan, in a devout posture, before a picture of Jesus Christ. It is supposed to have been drawn by hijnself 448 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT A.D. 27. Alfstan 959 28. Wulfstan 981 29. Alhunus ' ........ 1004 30. Alvvy 1016 31. Elfward, or Alword 1032 32. Robert Gemeticensis^ 1044 33. Gulielmus 1050 34. Hugo de Orivalle . • 1075 35. Mauritius^ 1087 36. Richard de Beaumes 1108 37. Gilbert ^ 1128 38. Robert de Sigilio . . 1141 39. Richard Beaumes . • 1152 40. Gilbert Foliot 1163 41. Richard Nigellus 5 1189 A.D. 42. Gulielmus de Sancta Maria * 1199 43. Eustachius de Fau- conbridge^ 1221 44. Roger Niger ..... 1229 45. Fulco Basset 1244 46. Henry de Wingham ^ 1259 47. Richard Talbot .... 1262 48. Henry de Sandwich 1263 49. John de Chishul ^ • . 1274 50. Richard deGravesend 1280 51. Ralph de Baldock • . 1304 52. Gilbert Segrave .... 1313 53. Richard Newport . . 1317 54. Stephen Gravesend • - 1318 ' Alhunus, the twenty-ninth Bishop, was tutor to Edmund Ironside and Edward the Confessor, the sons of Ethelred, and he accompanied them to Normandy in 1013. ^ Called Robert the Norman, the thirty -second Bishop, was translated to Canterbury in 1050. 3 Mauritius, the thirty-fifth Bishop, was Chaplain to the Con- queror, and afterwards Chancellor. The Church of St. Paul's being consumed by fire about this time, this Bishop refounded, and greatly contributed to the rebuilding of it. 4 Gilbert, the thirty-seventh Bishop, obtained the surname of Universalis, from his great learning and skill in the various sciences. He had been Canon of Lyons. ^ Or, Fitz-Neale. ^ Or Fauconberg. He was Lord High Treasurer in 1217, and twice Ambassador to France. ^ Lord Chancellor. About this period, Henry III. frequently visited the Bishop at Fulham. * Lord Chancellor and Lord Treasurer. OF FULHAM. 449 A.D. 55 Richard Bintworth ' 1338 56. Ralph Stratford .... 1339 57. Michael Northbrook 1354 58. Simon Sudbury ^ . . 1361 59. William Courtney^ . • 1375 60. Robm Braybrook^.. 1381 61. Roger Walden^ 1404 62. Nicholas Bubwith ^ 1406 63. Richard Clifford .... 1407 A.D 64. John Kemp ^ 1422 65. William Gray 1426 66. Robert Fitz Hugh 1431 67. Robert Gilbert 1436 68. Thomas Kemp . * . . 1449 69. Richard Hill 1489 70. Thomas Savage • • • ^ 1496 71. William Warham ^ . . 1502 72. William Barnes .... 1504 ' Or Wentworth, Lord Chancellor. * Translated to Canterbury in 1375, and beheaded, in Wa^ Tyler's Rebellion, in 1361. 3 Lord Chancellor. * Lord Chancellor. ^ ^ Lord Treasurer. ^ Lord Treasurer. ^ Translated to York in 1426, and to Canterbury in 1452. ® Ambassador to Germany and to the Pope. ^ William Warham, who shone as a divine, a lawyer, and a states- mart, in the reign of Henry VII., was descended from a good family at Ockley in Hampshire.* He was educated at Winchester School, and removed from thence to New College, Oxford, where he became Fellow in 1475. He took the degree of Doctor of Laws, and about 1488 left New College, and became an Advocate in the Court of Arches. In 1493, he was sent, in conjunction with Sir Edward Poyning, on an embassy to the Duke of Burgundy, in which he behaved so much to the King's satisfaction, that, on his return, he was collated to the Chantership of the Cathedral of Wells, and in 1494 ap- pointed Master of the RoUs.f In August 1502, he was made Keeper of the Great Seal, and in January following. Lord High Chancellor, which office he held until 1516.3: In 1502 he was also advanced to the See of London, and in the same year translated * FuUer'fi Wortliies, Hants, p. a. t Dugdale's Orig. Judic. % Ibid, 2 Q V HISTORICAL ACCOUNT 73. Richard Fitzjames 74. Cuthbert Tunstall 75. JoWi Stokesley • • 7^r^dmimd Bonner - • 77. Nicholas Ridley • • 78. Edmund Grindall 79. Edwin Sands • • • • A.D. 1506 1522 1530 1540 1550 1559 1570 80. JohnElmer,or Aylmer 1576 81. Richard Fletcher • • 82. Richard Bancroft • • 83. Richard Vaughan • • 84. Thomas Ravis 85. George Abbot • • • • 86. John King 87. George Mountaigne 1594 1597 1604 1607 1609 1611 1621 A.D. 88. William Laud 1628 89. William Juxon r • . . 1633 90. Gilbert Sheldon 1660 91. Humphrey Henchman 1663 92. Henry Compton • • • • 1675 93. John Robinson • • • • • 1713 94. Edmund Gibson..- 1723 95. Thomas Sherlock . • 1748 96. Thomas Hayter • • • • 1761 97. Richard Osbaldeston 1762 98. Richard Terrick • . • • 1764 99. Robert Lowth 1777 100. Beilby Porteus 1787 101. John Randolph 1809 to Canterbury. In 1506, he was elected Chancellor of the Univer- sity of Oxford, to which he was ever a firm friend. During the reign of Henry VH., Archbishop Warham continued in high favour, but in the following reign he was supplanted by Wolsey, who treated him with great haughtiness, took every occasion to mortify him, and even of usurping his privileges. He however survived Wolsey 's ruin, but never recovered his former greatness. He was Advocate for Queen Catherine in the case of her divorce, and carried himself so cautiously, that he neither betrayed the cause of his client, nor incurred the displeasure of the King. The Archbishop died at Canterbury, on the 23d of August, 1532, and was interred in the Cathedral there. Erasmus makes honourable mention of this prelate, whom esteemed a perfect model of the episcopal character.* He is said to have expended a very considerable sum in repairing the houses belonging to his Sees, and was a great benefactor to New College^ and All- Souls College, Oxford. hf^d i > * " Nullum absoluti prsesulisdotem in 60 desideres." U^; Er Of mus EccUsiast^^ Lib, L OF FULHAM* 451 No. II. Funeral Certificate of John Tamworth^ Esq.^ of Parson^s Green. (Extracted from the Herald's College.) Sir John Tamworth, Esquier, late of the Quenes most honrable Privy Councell, departed at his pa- risshe at fFulham on Tuesday, the xixth of Apryll in Aq. Dnie 1569, and was buried at the pishe Churche of St. Botolphe at Aldersgate in London, the xxvith of the said moneth. The sayd Jhn. Taniworth maryed Chrystian, the doughter of Willm Walsyngham, and by her had issue a doughter that dyed yong. The execu- tors to the sayd Joh Tamworth are these. Sir Walter Myldmay, Knt., one of the Quenes Mait. most hone- rable pryvy Chamber, William Dygby of Slockday in comt Rutland Esquyer* Chrystopher Tanjworth of Chyltoy in Com Lyster, Esqyuyer, cosyn and hayre to the said John Tamworth dyseased, Edmond Danyel of Mossyny in Essex, Esquyer, and Edmond Downyng, Gent. The morners at the said feunerall were fyrste Chrystopher Tamworth, Esquye, Henry Carkford, one of the Quenes Maits pryvy Chamber, Esquyer ; Tho- mas Sydney of Lynne in com. Norfl. Esquyer. The ofFycers at Armes that were at the said feunerall, were these, Robt. Cooke, Esquyer, als. Clarenceux Kyng of Armes, Edmond Atkynson, als Somerset herauld of Armes, and Willm Dethyke Rouge Crosse pursuivant at Armes. In wytness this certyfiat to be true, we the said Executors have to these presents put ouc seale the day and yere above wrythen. / ^» i< ; 2 g2 452 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT No. III. Funeral Certificate of John Aylmer^ Bishop of London. (Extracted from the Herald's College.) Upon Monday, beynge the fyveth day of June, the xxxviith yeare of the raigne of our most gratious Sove- raio^ne Ladie Queetie Elizab. ano. 1594, the xviith of November, died the Right Reverend Father in God, John Aylemer, by God's providence late bishop of London, at his manner of fFulham, whence by coach his bodie was conveyed to his pallace in London, and was enterred in the Cathedral Church of St. Paule, in the upper ende of the north isle in the chauncell ther, uppon the xxvith of June, with a Barons hearse richlie prepared, and ordered by the direction of Richard Lee, alias Ckrencieulx, Kinge of Armes, servinge with him, Bluemantel and Rouge crosse, other two officers at Armes, the Bishope of Worcester chiefe moorner, Sir John Ffortescue, one of her Maties pry vie Counsell with the whole companie of moorners, to the number of fouer hundred and fyfety, at the said pallace had a solempth dinner. The sayd Reverend father leafte behinde him lyvinge seven sonns and two daughters, videlz. Camnell Aylemer of Mugdenhall, in the Coun- tie of Essex, his Eldiste son, Theophilus Archdeacon of London his second sonn, John his therde son, Zacharie the fowerth, Nathaniel the fyth, Cobell the syxte, Edmund the seventh, Judith the wythe of Wil- liam Lynche, son and heire to Lynche of Staple, in the Countie Kent, Gentil. and Elizabeth married to John fFoliote, son and heire to Thomas fFollyot of OF FULHAM. 453 Pixton in the Countie of Worcester, Esquyer, he made executors of his laste will & Testament Vaughn his kinsman, docter of divinitie and Archdeacon of Middle- sex, his said sons Camnel Aylemer, Theophilus Ayle- mer, and the aforesaid William Lynche. Subscribed by Camnell Aylemer. No. IV. Parliamentary Surveys of Livings , Vol, XII. FoL 212, in the MS. Library at Lambeth Palace. Hammersmith in the Parish of Fulham. Wee doe present that there is one Chappeli att Hamersmith, in the said parish of ffulham, the present Minister is Mr. Isaac Knight, a very zealous and paynefuU preacher of the Gospell of Jesus Christe. And there is belonging to the aforesaid Minister, towards his mayntenance, the small tythes which doe amount unto the sum of one and twent37e pounds per ann. or thereabouts, during the tyme of the said Mr. By field, his being Viccar; If he doe continue to receive the hundred pounds per ann. which he hath out of the Rectorye of Ashell in the Countye of Hartford, and noe longer. The rest of the said Minister's mayntenance is upon a voluntary contribucon, which wee humbly present without a ffurther augmentacon cannott long continue, the towne consisting of many, who although they may be wylling, yett are unable in regard of their pouertye. 2 G 3 454 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT And wee doe fFurther present, That the said Parish Church of flfalham is scittuate att a great distance from the inhabitable partes of the said Parish, some partes of the same being neare ffowre myles from the said Parish Church, soe as the said inhabitants cannot conveniently repaire to the said Parish Church to partake of the publique worship and seruice of God : And therefore, Wee doe humbly present that the said Parysh maye be conveniently devyded in manner ffoh lowing, viz. that all such houses and lands formerlye esteemed and bounded to belong to the Hamlett and Chapplerie of Hamersmith, shall and may still con- tinue to be within the said devysion, and settled there together allso with the great bricke house lately built by Sir Nicholas Crispe, Knyght, scittuate and being neare the towne of Hamersmith, as allso a certeine parte of the North End of the said Parish comonly called the North End, extending from the comon high waye, leading from London, unto the end of a little greene called Gibbs Greene, the which said houses or dwellings are neerer to the said Chappie then to the said Parish Church by more then one halfe, All which said houses and lands, wee present maye be ' appropriated to the before menconed Chappie, and the same made parochiall," OF FULHAM, 455 No. V. Bishop Bonner^s Ghost. In the gardens of Fulham Palace is a dark recess ; at the end of this stands a chair," which once belonged to Bishop Bonner. A certain Bishop of London, bhe fine morning in the month of June, more than two hundred years after the death of the aforesaid Bonner, just as the clock of the Gothic chapel had struck six, undertook to cut, with his own hand, a narrow path through, since called The Monks' Walk ; just as he had begun to clear the way, suddenly upstarted from the chair the ghost of Bishop Bonner, who, in a tone of just and bitter indig- nation, uttered the following verses : Reformer, hold ! ah ! spare my shade ; Respect the hallowed dead ; Vain prayer ! I see the opening glade. See utter darkness fled. Just so, your innovating hand. Let in the moral light; So, chas'd from this bewildered land. Fled intellectual night. Where now that holy gloom, which hid Fair truth from vulgar ken ? Where now that wisdom, which forbid To think that Monks were men ? ' This chair existed till 1810, when it became entirely decayed, and was removed from the grounds. 2 G 4 456 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT The tangled mazes of the schools. Which spread so thick before. Which knaves entwin'd to puzzle fools. Shall catch mankind no more ! Those charming intricacies, where ? Those venerable lies 1 Those legends, once the Church's care ? Those sweet perplexities? Ah ! fatal age, whose sons, combinM, Of credit to exhaust us ; Ah ! fatal age, which gave mankind A Luther and a Faustus. Had only Jack and Martin liv'd. Our power had slowly fled; Our influence longer had survived. Had Laymen never read. For knowledge flew like magic spell. By typographic art; Oh, shame, a Peasant now can tell If Priests the truth impart. Ye Councils, Pilgrimages, Creeds, Synods, Decrees, and Rules! Ye Warrants of unholy Deeds, Indtilgences, and Bulls ! Where are you now 1 and where, alas ! The pardons we dispense ? And Penances, the sponge of sins. And Peter's ho\y pence 1 Where now the beads, which used to swell Lean Virtue's spare amount 1 Here, only Faith and goodness fill A Heretic's account. OF FULHAM. 457 But soft, what gracious form appears ? Is this a Convent's life 1 Atrocious sight ! by all my fears, A Prelate with a Wife ! Ah, sainted Mary ! not for this. Our pious labours join'd. The witcheries of domestic bliss Had shook e'en Gardiner's mind. Hence all the sinful human ties. Which mar the Cloister's plan ; Hence all the weak fond charities. Which make man feel for man. But tortur'd mem'ry vainly speaks The projects we designed. While this apostate Bishop seeks The freedom of mankind. Oh, born in every thing to shake. The systems plann'd by me. So heterodox, that he would make Both soul and body free. Nor clime nor colour stays his hand. With charity deprav'd. He would, from Thames to Gambia's Strand, Have all be free, and sav'd. And who shall change his wayward heart. His wilful spirit turn ? For those his labours can't convert. His weakness will not hum.— Anno Dom, 1900. The above Jeu d'esprit is extracted from the works of Hannah More/ 458 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT No. VI. I'wo Assessments, extracted from the Parish Books. An Aseasment made the 12th of Octobr. 1625, being a supply for prsent reliefe of 40 pore persons, or there abouts, on Fulham syde, uppon their charge on and above the former asseasement made for y^ reliefe of y® pore for this present yeare, to be forthwith colected and payd att two severall payments, viz. the one haulf presently, and tlie other haulf by Christmas next^ s. d. ffulham streete, Sir Edward Powell Knight Barronet 20 0 Sir Thomas Button Knt. 7 ^ Cornelius Fysh Gent. } John Florio Esqr. •••••• 6 0 Thomas Hill Gent. • • • • 6 8 Frauncis Kempe Gent. • • 6 0 Marye Chaplin Widdowe 2 0 John Harte Gent 6 0 John Wolverston Gent 4 0 Ambrose Royston Gent 5 0 ThomasManwaring Gent. 2 0 Johnfflud 2 4 John Searle Gejnt Thomas Chapmans Widdow 0 12 Robert Foxall 3 4 IFrancis Prince 2 0 Sir Gregory Norton Knight 4 0 Margaret Jenkinson • • • • 6 0 Humphry Limpany • • • • 2 4 Thomas Holden 2 0 fFrancis Quainte • •••• 0 16 William Myllards \^iddow 0 6 John Everards dr of divinity Robert Blumsom • • 0 12 Richard fferris ........ 0 12 William Laugher 0 7 Nicholas Lark 0 12 Mris Henly Widow • • • • 0 4 s, d. Edith Newman Widow < 0 4 John Todd Gent 3 4 Mr. John Kirke Gent • • 4 0 Henry Cundale Gent • • 4 4 Mr. Francis Vanaker • • 5 0 Mr. Allin 3 4 Mr. Wilde ...... ^ . 0 12 Mris. Panton Vid. ...... 4 0 Par&ons Greene. The Lord Vaughan • • • • 20 0 Sir Henry Barker Knight 20 0 John Cowell Gent ...... 6 0 The Lady Exeter ...... 6 0 Richard Hayle, Esq. • • 4 0 The Widdow Denham • • 6 0 Thomas Clarke Gent • • 0 12 Richard Dias • • • • ..... William Crosse and Joyce Denene 5* • 6 8 James Tayler ........ 0 16 Richard Harman 0 12 Henry Corby ........ 0 16 Bartholomew Meredith . . 0 16 Robert Dixon 6 0 Miccael Dormer 2 0 D. Burton •......> v., > /3( 4 Pursers Crosse and Dawes Lane. Robert Symons* • 8 & William Swetenham Gent. 4 0 OF FULHAM. 459 Winifed the late \Vife of Ro.ffysh Robert hayle • • • • • u» tt. o 3 0 12 0 12 0 0 16 12 10 8 0 10 0 4 Thomas Holdernes • ...12 0 Sandend. Dorathy fFrancis Widdow 3 0 Nicholas fFranklin 2 4 Edmond Laurence • • • • 3 0 Thomas Arundel Gent • • 4 0 William Wrennald of Chelsy pr ann, 0 16 John Wright Gent • 4 4 Wandons Greene. Sir John Hill Knight 10 0 Nicholas Cleyatt Gent • • 6 0 Richard Winch Gent • • 4 0 John Danson Gent • • • • 2 0 Noadiah Rawlings Gent Gyles King Gent ...... 2 0 Thomas Cranke ...... 3 4 Mr. Burton in Mr. Arnolds House • • • • George Burton 2 0 Richard Bluck 2 4 John Burton 0 20 Richard Carpinters tenant John ffisher • • . • • 0 16 Gilbert Dalavel.... 0 16 Edward Arkis • • • . • . • • 0 12 Richard Williams...... 0 12 William Bond or Tenant 2^ 0 Richard Cluet L. s. Henry Darell l. Northend. Edmond Powell Gent • • 6 8 Judith Gresham Widdow Henry Marsh Gent • • • • 4 0 Thomas & William Earsbey 4 0 William Shercroft 4 O Thomas Wayte 0 12 Robert Burbage" Widdow Goodridge .... 2 4 William Goodridge • . • . 2 4 John Walter 0 12 Robert Norris 0 20 Nathaniel Danser 2 4 Benjamin Brian ...... 0 12 Mathew Carter 0 16 Peter Crips 3 0 Richard Harris 0 12 Edward Jones • 0 12 Thomas Harding 2 0 Thomas Warren ...... 0 12 Humphry Thomas • * • • 2 0 John Stephens Gent 1 M.WolgraveLoddowick > 13 4 Mr. ffrancis Loddowick j Matheu Loveigne ..... Daniel fFrockpit Katheryne Moore Widdow 2 4 Edmond Powell Tho. Hyll Ambrose Rosyton Thomas Manwaring George Burton Henry Andall Jo. Danson 460 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF FULHAM. xithof Maye, The Sessment for the poore of Hamersmith 1626. gjjg fFrome the fFeast of the Anuntiation of our Ladie 1626, till the said ffeast 1627, to bepayd quarterly beginning att Midsomer 1626 mayd and agreed upon the eleventh daye of Maye 1 626, The Ryght Honrbl. the Earle of Mulgrave • • Richard Manly Esq • • • • 10 Richard Cronipton Esq • • 10 Henry Osborn Esq • • • • 6 George Longe Esq • • • • 5 Thomas Filler Gent • • • • 10 Mr. Whittivall Gent • • • • 6 Mr. Watherfield Gent • • 10 Mr« Stanlarke Gent • • • • 6 Mr. Smith Gent 6 Thos. Martin Gent • • • • 6 Paul Man 3 Mr. Warwick Gent • • • • 6 More according to his agreement before the Vestrie •••• 10 Mr. Gomersell Gent • • 6 Mrs. Suger Widow • • • • 3 Thos. Lucker 2 Jo. Moyle Gent 6 Mr. Yeaver Gent 6 Mr. Herriot Crowner • • 4 Mrs. Bull Widow 3 Joseph Holden 6 John Whyte 2 Mr. Candish • 3 fFrancis Law ••••••• . • 3 Denes Long 2 Richard Read Richard Kerbe William Whithed • - . iFrancis Kipping • • • • Thomas Whithed . • • • William Bourke • • • « • • John Payne John Radford George fFrankling • • • • John Grossman • • • • . • John Robinson • • • • William Smith Mr. Waller Gent • • • • Thomas Lamking • • • • John Barrat * • Richard Byards • • • • Mr.Allsworth Gent George Benerke • • • Richard Childe •••••• Ralfe Right Mr. Goring • Edward Law John flinch ^ John Barker John Gould f Bartholomew Webster John Law ••• John Ballfind 0 0 0 0 15 0 16 0 16 0 4 0 16 2 0 3 4 4 0 6 0 2 2 0 16 0 16 0 16 0 16 0 16 0 16 2 8 6 0 0 16 0 16 0 16 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 4 HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF FULIIAM. 461 No. VII. A Prayer used at the Consecration of Hammersmith Chapel^ March 11, 1629. From A Summarie of Devotions compiled and used by Dr. William Laud, sometime Ld. Arch-Bishop of Canterbury. Now published according to the Copy written with his own hand, and reserved in the Archives of St. John Baptist's Colledge Library in Oxon. — Oxford, printed by William Hall, anno Dom. 1667." pp. 278, 279. O Lord, merciful and gracious, this thy people are preparing to build a place for thy service : Accept I humbly beseech thee their present devotion, and make them perfect both in their present and future duty ; that while thou givest them ease to honour thee, they may with the greater alacrity go on in thy service. And now, O Lord, 1 have by thy mercy and goodness, put to my hand to lay the first stone in this building: 'tis a corner-stone ; make it, I beseech thee, a happy foundation, a durable building. Let it rise up, and be made, and continue a house of prayer and devotion through all ages ; that thy people may here be taught to believe in Jesus Christ the true Corner-stone, upon whom they and their souls may be built safe for ever. Grant this for the merit of the same Jesus Christ our most blessed Lord and Saviour. To whom with the Father and the Holy Spirit, be ascribed all power, majesty, and dominion, this day, and for ever. Amen/' 461 INDEX OF NAMES AND TITLES. A. page Abbott, Bishop 225 Adams, John 38 Agricola 426 Alfred 252 Allen, John l60 , Francis 136 AUeyse, Richard 37 Alington, Lady D l60 . William Lord • • 363 Sir Giles ib. Alphery Mikepher 355 Apreece, Robert •••••••• 115 Armstrong, Teresa 348 Armitage, John Il6 Arnold, Andrew 153 Ashnrst, Samuel 97 Harriet ib. Sarah ib. Askew, Eliz. 124 Aston, Sir A. 306 Athol, James Duke of •••• 412 Atkins, Robert 89 Elizabeth ib. Attersol, Mr. 439 Atwood, T.S. 120. 137 — Miss 351 Austria, Anne of 424 Ay Inier, Bishop-. 151. 158. 211 Aynsworth, Hen. 38 James 45 B. Bacon, Sir Francis 305 Bailey, Mary Il6 Sir Ewen 423 Mrs. 388 Balchen, Susanna 115 Baldock, Ralph 197 Ballard, Robert 73 page Bancroft, Bishop ••• 218 Barclay, Sir Robert 31 6. 432 Bard, Maximilian 379 Barker, SirH. 152 Barry, Vincent 46 Barrow, Dr. 83, 84 Bartolozzi, F. ...... 335. 423 Bathie, Dr. 357 Bayford, J. 302 Beddingfield, Mrs. 342 Bedford, Earl of 135 Bell, George 42 Dr. 163 Berkeley, Thomas Lord • - 268 Admiral 421 Col. James.. 421, 427 Bennett, Sir John 281 Bernes, John 378 Berri, Duchess de 424 Bever, Samuel • • • • 349 Billingsley, Martha 96 Billington, Mrs. .... 436, 437 Billesby, Sir William 72, 97 Bird 88 Blanchard, Robert .. 82, II6 Blomberg, W, N • • 42, 46 Blount, Lora 68 Bodley, Sir Thomas 304 Bolton, Joseph 349 Bonfoy, SirThomas 159 Bonner. Bishop 201, 387 Bond, Thomas 93, 151 Bonaparte 425, 432 Bowden, J 256, 273 Bowen, Thomas 318 ■ Mrs. 318 Box, Sir Ralph 130 Bourget, Stephen II6 Borough, Hicks ........ ;j30 462 INDEX. page Brames, Mr. • • • • • * 19 Bramley, Mr. 388 Brandenburgh Anspacli, Margrave of 403, 420, 424, 42-5, 427, 428 Margravine of 421, 424,425, 427, 428,430, 431, 432 Breton, Sir William 418 Bridges, Sir B. • • • • 444 Brown and Co. 446 Brooke, Earl F. 330 Brun^ Madame Le 421 Brusell, Peter l6l Brydges,, William 115 Buffon, Count de 425 Bull, S. ..-..•-•> 324 Burchell, Jane • Il6 — -William ib. Burton, L.. . 136 Stephen 159 Sir Thomas 281 Burnett, John • • • • • 82 Bushnell^ John 88 Busby, Sir C. 431 Butts, Sir William 77, 78, 79, 80 Byfield, Adoniram • '40, 46, 120 C. Cadogan, Dr. 273 Campden, John 268 Canaletti • 426 Capell, Lady 160 Carey, Hon. Thomas. .284, 285 Carlos, William 70 Caroline, Queen 420 Cartwright, George 280 Catharine, Queen 359 Empress 424 Catesby, Mark 19, 280 Chasemore, Thomas 1 16 Hannah ib. Chaucer 423, 429 Chauncy, G. 68 Chadlevvorth, John 44 Chalkhill, William 350 Charles I. 128, 255, 425 Charles U. • ♦ • 233 page Champnes, Joshua II6 Cheselden, Mr. 6 Cheke, Sir John 79 Child, Sir F. 109, 382 Cliisholm, Dr. • 351 Choiseul, Count de 427 Churchill, C. 419 Clarke, Dorothy 83 Sir George ib. George • • • • 156 Thomas 132 Claridge, Thomas.. 115 Clavering, Lady 347 N. ib. Ciaybrook, T. ^ 68 Clerke, W.S. 155 Cleve, Anne 350 Cleyn, F. 285 Cluet, Dr. 46, 118 Cole, William 102 Collop, Thomas 159 Coleman, Thomas 349 Collinson, Peter ^ • 19 Collins, Thomas 325 Compton, Bishop 83, 102, 105, 156, 188, 233 Sir Francis • • • • 105 Connard, Captain • 394 Cooke, John 44 Isaac 95 Copetsky 426 Cornwallis, Thomas 110 Cormand, Captain 331 Congreve, Col. 395 Corbett, Thomas 379 Cotton, Mary 108, 357 Mrs. 349 Courtez, M. de 422, 429 Cowper, John 45 ■ Thomas 349 Craven, Lord 420 Hon.Keppel. .423, 424 429, 430, 431 Crispe, Sir Nicholas.* 118, 122, 128, 159, 160, 268, 402, 404 — Lady 261 Croft, James » 115 Crorav^ell,^01iver«»f 257, 26l INDEX. 463 ^ page Cromwell, Joseph 394 Cumberland, Duke of • • • • 26 Denison • • • • 47 Rich. 244, 302,417 D. Daggett 379 Danson. William • 327 Darbyshire, Thomas 38 Dauncer, Nath. 135, 159 Davis, William 152 John 349 Dawes, Sir Abraham • • • • 4 Deare, Philip 158 Degen, Francis 349 Denon 428, 429 Denliam, Sir John 3 Dent, J. 136 Denys, P. 301 De Charms, David 349 Dewport, Dr. 39, 152 Dighy, Sir K. 426 Dobson, Mr. 384 Dodd, Robert 364 Dodington, see Melcombe. Dolce, Carlo 426 Doughty, Thomas 96 Downing, Abraham • 82 Dorville, John 379 Downshire, Marquis of* • • • 330 Douglas, Sir A. S. 113 Druce, J. 324 Drewell, John 37 Drummond, Archbishop •• I76 Duncombe, Susanna • 97 Dunton, John 281 Dudley, Edward Lord 352 Duer, John • 115 Dupino, Abraham • • • ib. — Isaac 349 Dwight, John • • 27 — ^ P. 47, 115 E. Earsbey, William- 11,91,155 John 91 Eaton, Richard ••••••••• • 44 ^ayres, Thomas^* '••••116^ 442 page Eay res, Elizabeth 116 Eddowes, John 115 Edwards, John 349 — ' — — Thomas 308 S. 316 WiUiam 152, 1 59 Dr 50, 151 Egremont, Countess of* • • • 273 Robert 45 Ekins, Dr. • . • • . 75, 302 Elizabeth, Queen ... • 218, 440 Elliott, John 82 Ellis, Mr. . - 273 Elton, John 44 Elphinston, James 389 Elrington, John 349 Elwes, Sir John 156, 444 Henry ib. ib. Emmeness, Capt. • • • 115 Erasmus • • * . . 200 Erkenwald, Bishop ••• • 1, ig6 Essex, Earl of 255, 442 William 326 Ewbank, Mr. 153 Eure, Ralph Lord 353 Exeter, Thomas Earl of 97, 284 F. Fairfax, Gen. • • • • 260 Faulkner, J. * 157 Eiiz. 108 Ferne, Henry 350 Fiamingo • 426 Fielder, Ann 116 William ib. Filingham, Mr. 386 Fitzherbert, Mrs. 303 Fitzjames, Bishop. .. • 175, 198 Fisher, John 66 Thomas 387 Flamstead, John 37 Fletcher, Jacob • 115 ■ Bishop .... 176, 215 John 218 Florio, John - . . 279 Forest, La Laurence 349 Foote, Samuel 331 Forster, Adam « • • 45, 464 INDEX. page Forster, H.S. 349 Foulke, D. • • • • • • • 446 Fowler, Dr. 126, 136 Fragonard 426, 428 Frampton, Judith 1 16 Frewen, Sir Edward 270 Frederick Elector Palatine 424 Sir Charles .... 402 Francesina, A.M. 349 Fricker, Matthew 97 Furber, Mr. • 19 G. Gashfy, Francis 115 Genevieve, Elizabeth 349 Gee, Katherine 101 Gerard, Walter. • 44 Girdler, Mrs. 349 Thomas ••. 388 Gibson, Bishop 81. 102, 104, 240 George 158 Glover, Mr. 418 Gloucester, Duke of 429 Goding, John 44 Goodwright, William • • • • 11 Goodwin, M. 160 Gooch, Isaac le 161, 360 Gouge, Thomas 160 Goffe, Christopher 45 Gosling, Richard 54 Gordon, Lady H. 115 Gravesend, Richard 197 Gray, Mr. 19 Walter de 197 Green, Simon • 45 Mary 125 Catherine 349 Gresle, William 378 Griffin, Lord • S30 Gregg, Ralph 16O Gregory, J. 329 Greville, Sir Edward 281 Gresham, Edmund 93 ^Thomas 151 Grindall, Bishop 187, 204, 307 G rover, Charles ...... . . 349 Guise Lady 270 Gurney, Sir Richard*. 379, 383 G Wynne, Eleanor 28 page H. Hall, Jonas 162, 337 Hales, Sir S. Bart. 116 Hamilton, Sir W 428 Dr. 48 —Cary 97 Hammett, John • • 349 Harris, John 349 Harrison • 53 Hart, Kath. 85 John 85 — — Mr. ... 446 Harvey, William 44, 67 Edmond Col. 159 Hatsell, Elizabeth 74 John ib. Harwood, Cath. 116 Haynes, Simon 38 Hayter, Bishop • . • • 106, 246 Hawarden, Lady 264 Hazeley, Sir Thomas 326 Agnes 307, 386 Heather, Sam. 96 Heathcote, Sir G. Bart. • • 330 Heaviside, Richard 301 Hecquet • • • » 425 Henchman, Bishop. • • • 95, 232 Heucourt, M. de 131 Hendock, Richard 44 Henry IV. of France «... 426 Henry VII. 444 Herbert, Sir Edw. Knt. . . 285 Herne, T. » 349 Hewet, William 45 Hewitson, John 112 Heylin, Dr. 228 Hibury, Nicholas 37 Hickes, Robert • * 156 Hickman, Bishop 101 Hill, Richard 37, 342, 400 Thomas 98, 152 Hilbert, T. 349 Hinchliff, Thos 115 Hodden 427 Hoffman 426 Holland, Henry 115, 318 Holwell, Z. 349 Hooke, H. 158 Hoppner 426 INDEX. 465 page Hornebolt, Gerard 100 Susanna ib. Howard, Elizabeth Il6 ■■ ^ William 28. Il6, 446 Sophia Il6 Lady A. 35/ Howell, Tliomas ........ 40 Hughs, Mrs . 405, 410 Hutchinson, Mary * 130 Dr. 120, 130, 136, 357 Hunt, J. 394 Huntiy, William 326 I and J. Ivinghoe, Ralph de 268 James I. 218 Jansen, C. * 426 Jarvis, S. L. 7 1 Jan\n, Gilbert 44 Jenkins, Sir L. » • 353 Jeukinson, Robert ...... 152 Jepson, Graham ... .43, 48,114 Impey Family. . . . 133, 134, 350 Sir Elijah 134 Johnson, Jos. 113, 321 Johnston, Gab • 115 Isles, Thomas l64 Jones, Robert . • 135 Blunt ib. Mr. • . . 359 Jnpe, Thomas 1 16 Juxon, Bishop 229 K. Kauffer 427 Kemp, Thomas Bishop • • • • 198 Kennedy 20, 21 Kent, Nathaniel . • • • 1 16, 275 Thomas Earl of .... 269 Keene, Edmund 46 Keightly, Charles 115 King, Bishop 157, 223 Mr. 328 Kirke, Sir D. 281 Kime, Mary 1 15 Kingston, Duchess of • • • • 333 Kinsey, Sir Thomas • • • • ♦ 89 Kirkham, Thomas 188 2 page Knight, Samuel 42, 47 Knight, Isaac 46, 120, 136, 153 Knolles, Sir T. . .....283, 327 Knox, John 212 L. Lane, George 115 Lannoy, Leonora 403 ^ Elizabeth 123 Sir Thomas.. 403,412 — Jane ib. ib. James 412 Latymer, Edward .... 158, l63 Laurents, Philip 97 Laud, Bishop 118, 225 Layfield, Edmund 39 Layton, W. • • 44 Leckie, Dan. • • • 97 Lee 20, 21 Legh, Lady • . . . . •••••• 69 Lewis, Wiiliam * 349 Mr. 439 George. ..... 116, 16I Lilly, Peter • • • 45 Limpany, Elizabeth 100 — - Robert 26,50,101,157 Lintot, Henry • • • 274 Lisle, Warren de • • • 268 Lisle, Richard 112 Lloyd, Bishop 362 Locke , J. 297 London, Elizabeth * 97 Lonsdale, Countess of • • 274 Long, John • 66 Lort, Michael 43 Louis XIV. •••• .. 424 Lowth, Bishop 102, 248 -Mary 102 Thomas 102 — Margaret 103 — Charlotte ... * 103 Frances • 103 Loutherbourgh, P. J. de . . 373 Lucy, Frances ••• 16O Lysons, Samuel, Esq.. • 193, 423 M. Macfarlane, Robert 372 Macbride, Alexander • • • • 82 H 466 INDEX. page Macdonald, Sir A. 402 Macphaedris, Mrs. 265 Madden, Elizabeth Il6 James • • • 274 Maddocks,T 428 Malthus, Daniel 349 Sydenham ib. Manwaring, Elizabeth • • • • 153 Mansart •• 379 Martin, Henry 44 Marlborough, Duchess of - • 7 Martyr, Peter 210 Marryat 388 Martindale, Mr. 420 Mary, Queen 444 Martin de Front, St., Count 275 Miller, David 348 Matthew, Thomas 268 Maton, James • • • 1 1 6 Maty ear, William Il6 Mary Il6 Elizabeth ib. Maynard, W. 444, 445 R. 446 Angel • • • • • • • ib. Maurelli, P. D. • 111 Maxwell, W. P. L. 112 Mr. 305 Mayers, Mrs. 271 - Cath. Corn. Eliz. . . 1 16 Melitus 196 Medows, Sir Philip 336 Melcombe, Lord 403, 413, 417, 422, 425, 429 Mengs 426 Merestoh, Henry • • 37 Mercier 423 Meyrick, John, Esq.. • 101, 301 Milne 20 Miller, Philip 19 . Mary 101 Millet 18 John 116 Millington, John .... 365, 395 Milman, Sir F. 272 Mist, H. 446 Mogg, Margaret 115 Monk, William . • • • • 330 page More, SirT. 200 Moore, Hon.W. 446 Moore, Joanna .......... 115 Thomas 16O Montpensier, Due de - • 424, 429 Mordaunt, J. Lord 87, 155, 287 ' Elizabeth .... 97 Moresbey, Richard 37 Moreton, Thomas 38 Morland, SirS. 161, 357 Mountaigne, Bishop 224 Mounteashel, Earl of .... 446 Moyle, Robert 350 • — Walter ib. Mulgrave, Earl of 118, 350 Murphy, Arthur 134, 168, 368 Murillo, 422, 426 N. Naples, King of 421 Nash 359 Needier, John 387 Nepean, Sir E. 274 Nevill, Sir Edward 126, 358 Frances 160 Newton, Walter 44 " Robert 45 Nicholas, John • • 349 Nicholson, W. 365 Nixon, J. 428 Norden,John • 279 Northumberland, H. E.of 444 Norton, Sir Sam. 67, 71 Sir Gregory 281 Northington, Lord 379 Northwyck, J. 378 Nourse, Ant. 73, 156 Nussen, Fred. 115 O. Gates, Titus • 343 O'Brien, Dennis 432 Ogle, Mathew ^ ....... . 90 Nath. ib. Ollgar, Jane I60 Ord, John, Esq 319 Orford, Lord 419 Orleans, Due de ••••«#•• 424 INDEX, 467 page Osbaldeston, Bishop- • 175, 247 Orleans, Duchess of • • • • 424 Owen, Edward • * 157 — Rev. John 26£) P. Pahncr, Mrs. 349 Parisot, Peter 26 Parr, T. L. 349 Parkhurst, Bishop 79 Patrick 53 Pattenden, Mrs. 158 Payne, John 378 William 45, 88, 89, 152, 384 Peach, Cath. 135 Penruddock, Sir Thomas 387 George ib. Peterborough, Earl of • • • • 292 Peter the Great 424 Petitot 424 Petitot,John 44 Phillips 6 Philpot, Nicholas • 326 Phipps, John - * • • 45 Pitt, Right Hon.W. 187 Pierce, or Perrers, Alice, 378, 379 Plaw, Charles 307 Plumbe, William 91, 337 Elizabeth 92 Pope, 3,297,419 Miss 337 Pope Pius • • • • 423 Porter, Sir R. K. 429, 433 Walsh, Esq. 264, 432,435 Porteus, Bishop, 82, 158,176, 185, 187, 249 Powell, John 115, 151, 158,303 307 — Edward, • • • • 1 52, 28 1 SirW. ..156, l64, 278 . A. A. Esq. 158,278,303 Powlett, Robert 115 Pratten, Edward ib. Price, Richard 109 Robert 115 Prouse, Elizabeth 114 Prujean, M.M.... 347 2 H page Prussia, Sophia, Queen of. • 420 Fred. W. K. of 420, 425 Fred. 11. K. of. -420, 422 424 Fred. III. 425, 428 Q. Queque, UAbbe 305 R. RadclifFe, Dr. 36l Raffles, Mr. 348 Randolph, Bishop ...... 251 Ranelagh, R. Earl of 272, 301 Viscountess • • • • 90 Ra vis. Bishop ••• • 221 Rawlin, N 327 Rawling, Mary Il6 Rawlinson, Sir Thomas • • • - 271 Ray, Mr. 188, 264 Rayne, Rev. T. 136 Redenes, W. 44 Record, Henry 349 Rench, N. 115, 315, 3l6 Rewel, J, 446 Reynolds, Sir J. 423 Richard 1. 428 Richardson, S. Esq. . . 308, 330 Richardson, Mrs. 349 Ridley, Bishop • 204 Roberts, W. Esq. 307 Roberts, James 349 Robinson, Bishop 102, 106, 174 238, 157 Anastasia ••296, 299 Rocque, Barth. .... 328 Romney • • 426 Ross, Earl of 270 Rowley, Thomas 349 Roy, Mr. 264 Rubens • • * • 426 Ruddle 53 Ruddock, Rev. Joshua 318 Rumbold, W. 72 Rupert, Prince ..... • 411, 403 Rydley, R, ........... 38 2 INDEX. page Sanipeyo, M. • • • Sandys, Bishop- Scott, William • Thomas • George 278 - 210 116 . • • ib. 379 • 115 114, 269 362 . 231 354 . . . 243 . 115 Skelton, William Sharp, William • • Sheffield, Lord • • Sheldon, Bishop Sheridan, Bishop Sherlock, Bishop Shorthose, Barth. Smith, Sir T. 73, 283, 28*4 Somerset, Edward, Duke of 387 Soulsby, Thomas 115 South, Martha II6 Starke, Baroness 90 Starkie, Captain N. II6 Sterne, Bishop • . • • 56 Stephenson, Richard- • 46, 107 William 96 ...........Widow 152 Stephens, John 44 -Sir Philip Bart.. • 272 Stocken, Anne • • . 1 16 ^ Oliver...... II6, 169 — William 329 Stocken, John 329 Stockton, Francis 325 Stokesley, Bishop 200 Stourtoo, Anne 68 • — — —John Lord .... 269 -r:— William Lord • • 269 Stradling, G. 4l Sturgeon, Nicholas 37 Sturt, Mrs. . r 420 Suand^rs, Margaret 99 Sudbury, John 44 Suttoji, E. Lord Dudley • . 352 Swift, Dean 298, 429 Syndercomb, M. .... 26l, 385 Tamworth, John, Esq. 283, 326 Taylor, Dr. > 308 Terrick, Bisk 103, 179, 187,247 page. Terrick, Tabitha 103 Texier, Mr. le 402 Thornhill, John. . • 349 Thomson, Mrs. , 388 Tonson, Jacob 329 Thomas, Captain » . 394 Thomas, Ursula 82 Thomson 359, 417 Thomson, Dr. 418 Thornton, Mr. 329 Thorley, John 67 Thorn, Mrs. 349 Tipping, Elizabeth 96 Titian 427 Tittner, Noah 115 Tott, Madame de ........ 42 1 Torrens, Col. . ..256, 273 Travers, James .. • 349 Trevor, Edward ib. Trier,, G. ...... .... .... 116 TrussejI,,EdwHr(J 159 Tunstall, Bishop ........ 199 Turner, Thomas, Dj.. ..41, 167 Edumnd ........ 330 Tyrlbilus, Bishop j Vandyke, 426 Vanlowe, Lady 152 Vaslet, Lud. no, 264 Vaughan, Sir John 305 Bishop 219 Venice, Doge of 428 Vigorous, William ...... 37 Viilars, Anne Voltaire 42/ W. Wade, Rev. J. 136 Watfrey, Henry • . 44 Wager, Sir Charles 302 Walker, Anne 116 Ralph 366 Walpole, Sir R. 6 Walkington, Thomas . • • • 46 Walmesley, Mary 349 INDEX. 469 W-arburton, Sir G. 363 Warwick, Earl of ^lies tiie king, i^?.; raises a regi- ment of horse, 405 ; lined by ihe parliament, 4( 6 ; embarks for France, il),; returns to London, ib.; meets Knig Cliaviesil. 407; reinstated in his places, 2^.; his monument, 128. Curates of Hammersmith, 136. Cylinder of great magnitude, cast at Flammersmith by Taylor and Millington, for Drury-lane Theatre, 395 ; account of its use in the theatre, 39()-8. D. Danes, an army of, winter at Fulham, 253. Doomesday-book, extracts from, relative to Fulham, 253. Dove Coftee-house, Thomson writes part of his ** Winter'' in one of the rooms, 358. Druce, J. Esq., his residence at Purser's Cross, 325. Dudley, Edward Lord, account of, 352. Dunton, J., his residence at Fulham, 281 ; publisher of the Athenian Gazette, ib. E. Edward IIL his hunting seat, 384 ; his arms, his mand^jtc for taking an inquisition of the lands, &;c. of Richard de Gravesend, Bishop of London, 17L Edward the Black Prince, his crest described, 384. Egremont, Countess of, her house and gardens, 273. Ekins, Dr., Dean of Carlisle, his residence at Parson's Green, 302 ; buried in Fulham Cfiurch, 75. Elphinston, J. Esq., born at Edinburgh, 389; goes to France, ib.; publishes The Rymbl\ers, in Scotland, 390 ; his celebrated corre- spondence with Dr. Johnson, ib.; his residence at Kensington, ib,; his various wosks, 391 ; his residence at Hammersmith, 392; his death, 393. Essex, Eari of, Gen. of the Parliamentary Army, builds a bridge of boats from Fulham to Putney, 237. Eure, Ralph Lord, his residence at Hammersmith, 353. F. Fairfax, Gen. takes up his quarters at Sir N. Crispe's house, 26'8. Filinghan), Mr., brings an action against the parish, 386. Fisheries, account of, 4. Fitzjames, Dr. R., Bishop of London, made chaplain to Edward IV. 198; appointed almoner to Henry VH. 199; promoted to this see, ib.; the great quadrangle of Fulham Palace built by him, ib\ Fletcher, Bishop of London, attends the execution of Mary Queen of Scots, 216 ; promoted to the bishopric, ib.; translated to this see. INDEX. 473 ii.; falls into disgrace, tX; his death and family, 217.; his cha- racter, 218. Florio, John, account of, 279- Font, Baptismal, in Fulham Church, view of, 98. Foote, Samuel, his residence at North End, 331 ; account of him, 332 ; his contest with the Duchess of Kini^ston, 333 ; his death, 334; his private and literary character, 334-5. Fulham, etymology, boundaries and extent, 1 ; description of the town, 264. Fulham Field, 443. Funeral monuments and ceremonies, historical account of, l65. G. Gaggle Goose Green, 385. Gibaon, Dr. E., Bishop of London, consecrated Bishop of Lincoln, 241; translated to the see of London, /^.; dies at Bath, 242 ; buried at FuUiam, 243 ; his monument and epitaph, 81, 104; i)is works, 243. Golden Lion, a public house, the most ancient house in Fulham town, called Bonner's House, 270. Goodricke's, a copyhold house so called, 271- Grand Junction Canal, account of, 30, 386. Grindall, Dr. Edmund, Bishop of London, succeeds Bonner, 2 J8 ; translated to York, 209, 3«d to Canterbury, ib.; his death, ib. Grove House, 443 ; Bowack's account of, ib. Gurney, Sir Richard, purchases Paliingswick Manor, 379; account of, 383. nj:>ri! H. Hammersmith, general description of, 338; town of, 341; chapel of, 118. -proposed to be divided from Fulham by the parlia- mentary commissioners, 453. Hayter, Dr. Thomas, Bishop of London, preferred to the see of Norwich, 246; translated to thissee, ibr, his death and character, ib,; his monument in Fulham church-yard, I06. Hellbrook Common, 26 ; orders of, 24 ; taken in by Edmund Har- vey, Lord of the Manor, 159. Heathcote, Sir Gilbert, Bart., account of, 331 ; his iiouse and gar- dens, ib. Henchman, Dr. Humphrey, Bishop of London, instrumental in the escape of Charles IL 233 ; nominated to the see of Saiishur;y , ib ; succeeds to this see, ib ; his epitaph in Fulham Church, 95. High Bridge over Hammersmith Creek, built by Bishop Compton, 357. High Elms House, otherwise Fulliam Park House, 318. Highway, ancient, at Hammersmith, 385. Historical events relating to Fulham^ 252. Holcrohs, a house so called, now in the occupation of the Earl of. Ross, 270. 474 INDEX. Houses, ancient, in Fulhara, 268. Howard, Lady Annabella, account of, 357 ; buried at Hammer- smith, ib. Hughs, Mrs. M., Sir Nicholas Crispe's house bought for her, 410 ; the first female performer on the English stage, 411; her character, ih I. Independent Meeting-house, 348. Inventory of goods belonging to the church temp. Edward VI., 56; various articles of sold by the churchwardens, 59; certain goods stolen when the church was broken open, 60. Inquisition post mortem temp. Edward III. 171. Iron Foundery at Hammersmith, account of, 395. Ivy Cottage at Parson's Green, description of, 31 6. Jenkins, Sir Leoline, account of, 353-4. Johnson, Joseph, his residence at Pursers Cross, 321 ; account of, ti.; his monument in Fulham church-yard, 1 13, 114. Juxon, Dr. William, Bishop of London, his rise in the church, 229 ; succeeds to this see, ih,\ accompanies Charles I. on the scaffold, 230; retires to Fulhara, ih,\ advanced to the see of Canterbury, his death and character, ib. K. Kent, Nathaniel, Esq,, account of, 275. King, Dr. John, Bishop of London, promoted to this see, 224 ; his death, ib,\ buried in St, Paul's Cathedral, ib. L. Lannoy, Sir Timothy, purchases Sir N. Crispe's house, 412, Lannoy, James, his sumptuous funeral, ib. Laud, Dr. William, Bishop of London, his birth and education, 225 ; made Dean of Gloucester, ii.; promoted to the see of St. David's, his conference with Fisher, i5.; translated to the see of Bath and Wells, ib,\ elected chancellor of the university of Oxford, ib,\ accused of high treason, 227 ; condemned and executed, i1).; his character, 228 ; preaches in Fulham Church, ib,\ consecrates the chapel at Hammersmith, ib, Lee and Kennedy's Nursery, 21. Limpany, Robert, Esq., called Lord of Fulham, 266. Lloyd, William, Bishop of Norwich, dies at Hammersmith, 363. Louth erbourgh, Philip James de, born at Strasbourg, 373 ; admitted into the academy at Paris, ib.\ his excellence as a landscape painter, 374; his death at Hammersmith Terrace, 374. Lowth, Dr. Robert, Bishop of London, appointed Bishop of St. Da- vid's, 248 ; translated to Oxford, ib.; to this see, ib.\ his death and character^ 249; liis monument in Fulham churchyard, 102. INDEX. 475 M, Macfarlane, Robert, Esq., a native of Scotland, 372 ; killed by a chaise, ib.; translates Ossian into Latin, 373. Manor of Fulham, historical account of, l63. Manufactories at Fulham and Hammersmith, 26, 28, 894,401. Meadows, Sir Philip, sent as Envoy to Denmark, 356 ; buried at Hammersmith, i5. Melcombe, Lord, his birth and education, 413; appointed ambas- sador to Spain, ib,; chosen member for Bridgewater, ib.; enters the service of the prince, 415 ; his various poliiical intrigues, ib.; advanced to the peerage, ib,; his death, 4l6 ; inscription to his memory, ib,; character by Cumberland, 418. Meyrick, John, Esq., commandant of the Fulham Light Infantry, 301. Monumental Inscriptions, 66, 123. Mordaunt, John Lord, engages in the service of Charles I., seized and committed to the Tower, 287 ; tried and acquitted, ib.; pro- ceeds to Brussels, 289; advanced to the dignity of a baron, 291 ; meets the king on his arrival, ib,; dies at Parson's Green, and buried in Fulham Church, 29^ ; his monument, epitaph, and pedigree, 87; bis autograph, 282. Morland» Sir Samuel, his residence in the Lower Mall, Hammer- smith, 358 ; created a baronet by Charles IL; his various inven- tions, ib. Mountaigne, Dr. George, Bishop of London, his preferments, 224 ; his death and epitaph, 225. Mulgrave, Edmund Earl of, account of, 352. Murphy, Arthur, Esq., his birth and education, 368 ; appears on the stage, 369; attacked by Churchill,!^.; commences his literary career, ib.; list of his plays, 370; his character, 371; buried at Hammersmith, 372. Mustow or Munstow House, Fulham, 278. N. Nevil, Sir Edward, his residence at Hammersmith, 359» No Man's Land, a village so called, 337. Normand House, 337. North End, a village so called, 329- Norden, John, account of, 279- Nunnery of English Benedictines at Hammersmith, account of, 345, 348. Nurseries and Botanic Gardens, 19, 21. O. Oates, Dr. Titus, searches the Convent at Hammersmith, 343. Ord, J.Esq., his gardens, 319 ; list of his valuable plants, 320. Osbaldeston, Dr. Richard, Bishop of London, promoted to the Bishopric of Carlisle, 246 ; translated to this see, ib»; his bequest to Fulham palace, ibr, buried in Yorkshire, ib. 476 INDEX. P. Pallingswick Manor, historical account of, 378. • Green, 384. Palace, Fulham, account af, 174; arms in, 175; hall, 176,177; chapel, 179; painted glass, 181; library, 185, 186 ; gardens, 187. Parliamentary Army quartered at Fulham, 257 ; builds a bridge of boats from Fulham to Putney, ih. Parish Register, 149. Parson's Green and Fair, 283. Perambulation of the Parish, 35. Pest houses erected at Fulham during the plague, where situated, 347 ; taken down, ib. Peterborough House and gardens, 283-7, 301. Charles Earl of, distinguishes himself in the House of Peers, 292 ; goes over to Holland, ih.\ accompanies. King William to England, 293; makes a campaign in Flanders, ib,; declared General and Commander of the Forces in Spain, 294; raises the siege of Barcelona, 294 ; various acts of his courage and address in Spain, 295 ; recalled from Spain, ib.\ sent ambassador to Turin and Sicily, ib,\ constituted General of all the Marine Forces of Great Britain, 296; his character, 297; verses on, by Swift, 298; marries Anastasia Robinson, 300. Pierce, Mrs. Alice, the supposed mistress of Edward HI., 379> 381 ; her residence at Pallingswick Green, 378; banished, 383; restored, ib. Plants, Lists of, 19, 21, 191, 193, 319, 320. Plague, accounts of the overseers relative to, in l6*39, 141 ; various sums advanced to people infected, 142; curious particulars of, 143, 144. Population of this parish, progressive view of the, 9> 10. Poor*s Rate, 10; amount of in l627and 1811, ihi assessments for in 1625, 460. Porter, Walsh, account of, 435. Porteus, Dr.Beilby, Bishop of London, promoted to the bishopric of Chester, 250 ; translated to this see, i6.; his death and cha- racter, 251 ; buried at Sundridge in Kent, ib. Purser s Cross, 318. R. Radcliffe, Dr., his residence at Hammersmith, 36l ; his repartee to King William, 362. Randolph, Dr. John, Bishop of London, promoted to the bishopric of Oxford, 251 ; translated to Bangor, ib.\ to tliis see, ib. Ranelagh, Earl of, his house and gardens, 272. Ravis, Dr. Thomas, Bishop of London, his family, 221; nominated to the see of Gloucester, ib*; to London, his death and cha- racter, ih. Rectors, List of, 37. INDEX. 477 Rectory, account of, 35 ; house, 43. Rench, Nathaniel, produces the tirst pine and Chinese strawberry, 315; institutes the first annual exhibition of flowers, ib.; dies, l^aged 99, having had 34 children, ib, , son of the preceding, introduces the first moss-rose tree into this country, 315; plants the elm-trees in Sr. James's Park, 346'; dies at the age of 101, having had 33 children, ib, Richardson, S. Esq., his residence at North End, where lie writes Pamela and Clarissa Harlowe, 313 ; removes to Parson's Green, 30S ; account of, 309 ; his literary character, 3 13 ; verses on an alcove at his house at Parson's Green, 314. Ridley, Dr. Nicholas, Bishop of London, educated at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 205 ; sets out on his travels, iT;.; Master of Pembroke Hall, i^.; Bishop of Rochester, ib.; translated to Lon- don, /J.; deprived, 206; burnt at Oxford, «Z^.; his character, ib. Roads and Ways, 7. Robinson, Dr , Bishop of London, appointed Ambassador to Swe- den, 239; promoted to the see of Bristol, iZ?.; translated to this see, ib,; his death and character, 240 ; his monument and epitaph in Fulham Cljurch-yard, 107; the useless buildings in Fulham Palace taken down by him, 240. Robinson, Anastasia, attracts the attention of the Earl of Peter- borough, 300; married to him, ib.; her residence at Parson's Green, ib.; her musical parties tiiere, ib.; singular method of the Earl's announcing their marriage, 301. Rocque, Barth., verses by, 328. Rosamunds, account of the Manor of, 307. s. Sandford Manor House, 28, 44k Sandys, Dr. Edwin, Bishop of London, promoted to this see, 210; I translated to York, 211; his death and character, ib. Sedile in Fuiharn Church, 7^. Sharp, William, Esq , account of, 269. Sepulchral monuments, origin of, 6*3 ; destruction of, 64. Sheffield, Ednuind Lord, account of, 352. Sheldon, Dr. Gilbert, Bishop of London, promoted to this see, 231 ; elected Chancellor of the University of Oxford, 232; translated to the see of Canterbury, ib.; his death and character, ib. Sigillo, Robert de. Bishop of London, made prisoner in Fulham Palace, 197. Skelton, Mr., account of, 265. Smith, Francis, shoots Thomas Wilivvood, 377. Shepherd's Bush, 385. Sheridan, Dr. William, buried at Hammersmith, 355. Sherlock, Dr. Thomas, Bishop of London, nominated to the see of Bangor, 243 ; translated to Salisbury, ib, ; promoted to this see, 244; his death and character, 245; his monumeat in Fulhara Church-yard, 103. INDEX. South Field Farm, account of, 315. Stephens, Sir Philip, Bart., account of, 273. Sterne, John, consecrated Bishop Suffragan in Fulham Church, 56i Stourton House, now called Fulham House, 269. Sutton, Edward Lord Dudley, his residence at Hammersmith, 352. Syndercomb, Miles, hires a house at Hammersmith with an inten- tion of shooting Oliver Cromwell, 261 ; his trial and death, 263. T. Tamworth, John, his residence at Parson's Green, 283 ; his funeral certificate, 430. Terrick, Dr. Richard, Bishop of London, promoted to the bishop- ric of Peterborough, 247 ; translated to this see, ibr, removes the chapel at Fulham Palace, ib.; his death, ib ; his^ monument in Fulham Church-yard, 103. Tonson, Mr. Jacob, bookseller, his residence at North End, 329. V. Vaughan, Dr. Richard, Bishop of London, his preferments, 220 ; epigrams on, ib.; his death and character, ib. Vicars of Fulham, account of, 44, 48. Visited Houses, why so called during the Plague, 144 ; money raised for, 146. W. Walham Green, 326 ; ancient houses at, 327- Warburton, Sir George, his residence at Hammersmith, 363. Waring, Major Scott, his residence at Parsons s Green, 301. Wendon, Manor of, 326. West Middlesex Waterworks, account of, 29, 364. Willcocks, William, churchwarden, sells all the old parchment books out of the church, 59- Wild plants growing in Fulham, 22. Workhouse at Fulham, account of, l62. • — at Hammersmith, ib. Wormholt Scrubs, 22; orders of, 23; military road, 386 ; trial concerning, ib. Barns, Manor of, 387* # Y. Yew Trees in Fulham Church-yard, II6; various conjectures why placed in church-yards, 1 1 7. York, Walter de Gray, Archbishop of, dies in Fulham Palace, 197.