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THE 
 
 HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 
 
 or THE 
 
 SEE AND CATHEDRAL CHURCH 
 
 OF 
 
 LICHFIELD ; 
 
 ILLUSTRATED RY 
 
 A SERIES OF ENGRAVINGS 
 
 OF 
 
 VIEWS, ELEVATIONS, PLANS, AND D E T A I L S 
 
 or THE 
 
 ARCHITECTURE OF THE CHURCH: 
 
 WITH 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANECDOTES OF THE BISHOPS 
 
 OF 
 
 LICHFIELD AND COVENTRY. 
 
 BY JOHN BRITTON, F.S.A. 
 
 ETC. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 M. A. NATTALI, 19, SOUTH AM PTON-STREET, COVENT-GARDEN. 
 
 1836. 
 
MARCllANT, PRINTER, INC HAM-COURT, f ENCII U RCII-STREET. 
 
TO 
 
 THE VERY REVEREND 
 
 JOHN CHAP PEL WOODHOUSE, D.D. 
 
 DEAN OF LICHFIELD: 
 
 AND 
 
 TO THE REV. CHARLES BUCKERIDGE, D.D. 
 
 PRECENTOR, AND CANON RESIDENTIARY: 
 
 THE REV. HUGH B A I L Y E, M. A. 
 
 CHANCELLOR, AND CANON RESIDENTIARY: 
 
 THE REV. EDWARD OUT RAM, D.D. 
 
 TREASURER, AND CANON RESIDENTIARY: 
 
 THE REV. JOHN NEWLING, B.D. 
 
 CANON RESIDENTIARY: 
 
 THE REV. ROBERT NARES, M. A. 
 
 CANON RESIDENTIARY': 
 
 AND TO 
 
 THE REV. SPENCER MADAN, M.A. 
 
 CANON residentiary: 
 
 THIS VOLUME, 
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE OF THE CATHEDRAL OVER WHICH 
 THEY PRESIDE WITH DISTINGUISHED HONOR TO THEMSELVES, 
 
 IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED BY' 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
 Decew her, 1819 . 
 

PREFACE. 
 
 It is a common remark, that “ church work is slow and it may be 
 also inferred, by the practice of authors and artists, that literary and 
 embellished works on Ancient Architecture, are also slow. Two years 
 have elapsed since the present volume was announced ; and it may 
 have surprised and disappointed some persons to have watched its tardy 
 progress and final completion. As now presented, it has not been 
 accomplished without considerable difficulties and solicitude; and 
 though it may not afford that general satisfaction which the author is 
 always anxious to impart, or be equal to his intentions and wishes, 
 it is hoped that it will be interesting to many of the collectors of this 
 species of literature. It must be allowed by the impartial critic, that 
 the architectural forms, proportions, and ornaments of the church have 
 never before been given with equal accuracy ; and it is presumed that 
 its history and description will be found carefully investigated and 
 developed. In this, as in all other literary works, the author has 
 anxiously endeavoured to ascertain facts, and to elucidate those points 
 of history which have hitherto been obscure or questionable ; yet he 
 cannot help regretting that he has on the present occasion sought in 
 vain for original documents and evidence. His practice has been to 
 compare and analyze the contents of all published works, and to obtain, 
 if possible, access to new and authentic sources of information. From 
 these he deduces historical data, and in every instance refers to author¬ 
 ities. Fastidious and scrupulous himself, he concludes that his readers 
 may require the same demonstration and validity of evidence which he 
 regards as necessary to produce conviction. He is also willing to 
 believe that the purchaser of this work, whether architect or antiquary, 
 will be satisfied with nothing less than accurate delineations of the 
 geometrical forms of arches, and other parts of the edifice, by which 
 
 a 
 
VI 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 alone substantial knowledge can be obtained. Many persons, no doubt, 
 prefer pretty picturesque views and artificial effects of light and shade; 
 they seek only to please the eye, and do not wish to trouble the think¬ 
 ing faculties with doubts and investigations. To such persons, however, 
 the Cathedral Antiquities is not addressed; for this is intended to 
 elucidate and define the ecclesiastical architecture and antiquities of 
 our native country; which can only be done by plans, sections, and 
 elevations of buildings. Much controversy and discussion have been 
 employed respecting the shapes and varied gradation of arches; and 
 there still exists much uncertainty and confusion on the subject. All 
 this may be avoided by having them correctly drawn, in elevation, 
 and their mouldings and ornaments defined by horizontal sections. 
 This system is attempted in the present work ; in the ground plan, 
 sections of the west front, transept, &c. and in the elevations of the 
 same, with parts at large. 
 
 It is but justice to the respectable members of this church establish¬ 
 ment to acknowledge their polite attentions to the author, and readiness 
 to give him every assistance and every facility of ingress and egress to 
 their cathedral, its books, and its archives. Unlike some ecclesiastical 
 officers, who either deny access or render its attainment difficult and 
 vexatious, here the worthy dean and chapter seemed as if they were 
 the obliged, rather than the obliging parties. The author therefore 
 begs to present his best thanks to the following gentlemen, for their 
 many marks of personal civility and assistance during his execution of 
 the volume now submitted to the public :—The Dean of Lichfield ; 
 the Rev. Dr. Buckeridge; the Rev. Hugh Bailye; the Rev. 
 Archdeacon Nares ; the Rev. John Newling ; the Rev. Henry 
 White; R. J. Harper, Esq.; Wm. Hamper, Esq.; Mr. Potter, 
 Jun.; Mr. Johnson ; and Mr. Lomax. 
 
HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 
 
 OF 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL CHURCH. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 LICHFIELD, THE BIRTH-PLACE AND HOME OF PERSONS OF TALENT :-THE 
 
 ORIGIN AND NAME OF LICHFIELD :-TRADITION RELATING TO BRITISH 
 
 MARTYRS: -ESTABLISHMENT OF CHRISTIANITY IN THE KINGDOM OF 
 
 MERCIA, AND OF THE FIRST MERCIAN BISHOPS:-HISTORY OF THE SEE 
 
 OF I. ICEFIELD AND COVENTRY. 
 
 The name of Lichfield is intimately associated with the history and litera¬ 
 ture of the kingdom. In the early annals of Britain we frequently find it 
 mentioned in the accounts of several religious and military events. It 
 is connected with our national literature as the natal spot, or the home, of 
 many distinguished authors, particularly of Dr. Johnson, David Garrick, 
 Bishop Newton, Joseph Addison, Lady Mary Wortley Montague, Mr. and 
 M iss Edgeworth, Dr. James, Gilbert Walmsley, James Day, Dr. Darwin, 
 Miss Seward, and Richard Green. Many of the Prelates and Deans of the 
 See have also been distinguished for their literary, or ecclesiastical talents, 
 and have been promoted to high stations in the church or state. Every 
 reader who has a heart to feel, and a head to appreciate the profound 
 lucubrations of the stern moralist Dr. Johnson, must experience a degree 
 of reverence and respect for the place where he first drew his breath and 
 
8 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 derived his early perceptions. In the character of this colossus of litera¬ 
 ture, we observe a strange and anomalous mixture of wisdom and weak¬ 
 ness, of philosophy and credulity ; whilst the consummate histrionic 
 talents, and professional jealousies of a Garrick, naturally excite the 
 mingled emotions of pleasure and of pity. From such contemplations we 
 may infer that Providence organizes and regulates the mental as well as 
 the material world on a plan above our comprehension, by blending wis¬ 
 dom and folly, good and evil, light and shade so intimately, but incon¬ 
 gruously together, that what mankind esteem perfection is never to be 
 found. Of Gilbert Walmsley, who was registrar of this See, Dr. Johnson 
 observes, in his Life of Edmund Smith, that he was “ not able to name a 
 man of equal knowledge. His acquaintance with books was great; such 
 was his amplitude of learning, and such his copiousness of communication, 
 that it may be doubted whether a day now passes in which I have not 
 some advantage from his friendship. At this man's table I enjoyed many 
 ciieerful and instructive hours with companions such as are not often 
 found; with one who has lengthened, and one who has gladdened life; 
 with Dr. James, whose skill in physic will be long remembered ; and with 
 David Garrick, whose death has eclipsed the gaiety of nations, and impo¬ 
 verished the public stock of harmless pleasure.” Thus, by the power of 
 exciting particular reflections and sentiments, certain spots of the earth 
 become endeared to our memories, and consecrated to our admiration ; 
 and this interest belongs preeminently to the birth-place of genius and the 
 asylum of talent. Hence Woolsthorpe is justly immortalized for a New¬ 
 ton :—London for a Milton —Plympton for a Reynolds : — Stratford-upon- 
 Avon for a Shakspeare, and Lichfield for a Johnson. It is thus that 
 places and persons become mutually associated and linked together, and 
 produce those “ Pleasures of Imagination” which at once afford exercise 
 and delight to the thinking faculties. Influenced by, this feeling, we shall 
 view with additional gratification the beautiful cathedral of this city. As 
 an object of architecture and antiquity it excites our admiration : but 
 examined in all its relations and connexions with the history of religion, 
 the progress of art, the varied states of civilization, and with the good 
 
NAME OF LICHFIELD. 
 
 9 
 
 and eminent persons whose ashes repose beneath its roof, it is replete with 
 interest and importance. It invites at once the contemplations of philosophy, 
 and the pleasing- toil of antiquarian research ; which, if judiciously directed, 
 cannot fail to elicit additional objects of mental recreation and pleasure. Let 
 us proceed to verify this position by a brief view of the history of the See 
 and Cathedral of Lichfield. 
 
 When the fierce and credulous Anglo-Saxons were induced, by the mis¬ 
 sionaries of the Roman pontiffs, to exchange their gloomy superstition for 
 the name, rather than the principles of Christianity, and to transfer their 
 idolatry from the blood-stained altars of their imaginary gods to harmless 
 relics and images, a radical alteration commenced in their manners, institu¬ 
 tions, and policy, and rapidly produced the most important results. A 
 faithful and comprehensive history of these events would be peculiarly 
 interesting and instructive ; but most of the meagre records of the Anglo- 
 Saxon age have long since perished, and those which remain abound 
 with gross fabrications. The most blind and ignorant credulity, and 
 the most humiliating submission to ecclesiastical despotism, were suc¬ 
 cessfully inculcated by the Roman emissaries, and adopted by their Saxon 
 converts as the primary articles of their new religion ; and the principal 
 object of the histories or legends of the times was to extend and perpetuate 
 those delusive notions. Hence we are disgusted by their clumsy miracles, 
 shocked at the misapplication of the most sacred epithets, and compelled 
 to view their simplest statements of facts, apparently indifferent, with 
 doubt and suspicion, because we know not how far the interest of the writers 
 may have influenced their assertions. Such are the materials however from 
 which the early history of the English episcopal sees must necessarily be col¬ 
 lected, not only by patient and laborious investigation, but by the exercise of 
 rational discrimination. 
 
 The introduction of Christianity into the kingdom of Mercia, the insti¬ 
 tution of the Mercian episcopacy, the establishment and history of the See 
 of Lichfield and Coventry, are subjects on which ancient authorities are 
 so discordant, that the most opposite conclusions have been drawn from 
 them. The following account, it is hoped, will be found the most clear and 
 
10 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 satisfactory which has hitherto appeared : it has at least been procured with 
 great care and research from original sources of information. Nothing is 
 advanced without authority ; no single authority has been implicitly relied 
 on ; nor have even the most rational conjectures been assumed as facts. 
 Where certainty could not be obtained, the author has submitted his own 
 opinions, or those of former writers, which in his judgment were well 
 founded, together with the grounds on which those opinions have been 
 formed. 
 
 The name of Lichfield is of Saxon origin, but its etymology has long 
 been a subject of dispute. In the Saxon Chronicle the word is written 
 Licetfeld; in Bede, Lyccetfeith , and Licitfeld; subsequent writers call it 
 Licethfeld, Lichesfeld, and Lychfeld. By some authors it is derived from 
 “ leccian," to water; as being watered by the river; by others, from “lmce,” 
 a physician ; perhaps it may with more probability be supposed to have 
 originated in the verb “ licean,” or “ lician,” to like , 1 or be agreeable; and 
 therefore, to signify Pleasant Field. But it has generally been considered as 
 derived from “ lie,” a dead body, and consequently as signifying “ cadaverum 
 campus ,” the field of dead bodies. This derivation is however conceived to 
 be supported by a tradition, which prevails very generally in Lichfield, of 
 the martyrdom of a great number of British Christians there, during the 
 persecution under Dioclesian and Maximian. As this tradition has been 
 noticed in every history of the cathedral, and in some is adduced as the 
 reason for the establishment of the See on the spot consecrated by an event 
 of such religious importance, it cannot, with propriety, be neglected in this 
 place. The substance of it is, that a thousand Christians, the disciples of 
 St. Amphibalus, suffered martyrdom in the time of that persecution, on 
 the ground whereon Lichfield was afterwards built. “ Whence the city 
 retains the name of Lichjield, or ‘ cadaverum campus,’ the field of dead 
 bodies, and bears for its device, rather than arms, an escutcheon of land- 
 
 x To like was formerly used in the sense of “ to be liked.” Thus “the offer likes not,” in 
 Shakspeare’s Henry V. (Act III. chorus) means, ‘the offer is not liked.' In Hamlet, “ it likes 
 us well,” is used for ‘ it is well liked by us ; ’ or, as we should now say, ‘ we like it well.’ Act. II. 
 
 Scene 2. 
 
KINGDOM OF MERCIA. 
 
 11 
 
 scape with many martyrs in it in several ways massacred.” 2 But as this 
 device could not have been used in any authentic shape before the incor¬ 
 poration of the guild in 1387, (when it might be borne in the common 
 seal,) it can add little weight to the tradition of a fact so very remote. 
 Several writers of eminence are of opinion, that St. Amphibalus (like St. 
 Veronica, and several other Saints in the Roman calendar,) never existed ; 
 that his name originated in a mistake made by Jeffrey of Monmouth, and 
 that the whole legend relating to him was fabricated after the time of that 
 historian. 3 
 
 The first authentic mention of Lichfield occurs in Bede's Ecclesiastical 
 History, where it is alluded to as the see of an Anglo-Saxon Bishop, nearly 
 four hundred years after the date ascribed to the martyrdom of the dis¬ 
 ciples of Amphibalus. In that long interval the Romans had been com¬ 
 pelled to abandon the province of Britain, in order to defend the centre of 
 their falling empire : the Britons, overpowered by their more warlike neigh¬ 
 bours, the Scots and Piets, had summoned the Saxons, an idolatrous nation 
 of Germany, to their aid : the latter having possessed themselves of the coun¬ 
 try they were invited to defend, had driven its aboriginal inhabitants into 
 Wales and Cornwall; established seven kingdoms in Britain; and almost 
 universally adopted the Christian religion. The conversion of the kingdom 
 of Mercia, of which the present diocess of Lichfield and Coventry anciently 
 formed a part, must however engage our present inquiry. 
 
 Among the kingdoms of the Saxon Heptarchy, that of Mercia, under 
 its pagan monarch, Penda, was the most extensive and powerful. The 
 neighbouring princes had embraced the profession of the Christian faith, 
 
 2 Plot’s “ Natural History of Staffordshire,” ch. x. § 12, p. 398. This account is given on the 
 authority of John Ross or Rous, whose work is quoted by Plot in several places thus, “ Ex libro 
 Johannis Rufi, MS. de episcopis Wigorn.” Bishop Nicholson says he should not have believed 
 the existence of this MS. had it not been quoted by Dr. Plot. (Historical Library, fo. 1736, p. 135.) 
 And Shaw seems disposed to think that it never existed, and misquotes Bishop Nicholson in support 
 of his opinion. (Hist. Staffordshire, vol. i. p. 298.) But the MS. is quoted to the same effect by 
 Speed. (Hist. Great Britain, fol. 339.) 
 
 3 Lloyd’s “ Historical Account of Church Government,” &c. p. 151, 152; and Archbishop 
 Usher’s work, “ De primordiis Ecclesi® Britannicae,” p. 151, 156, 159, 641. 
 
 B 
 
12 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 and as Penda was continually engaged in successful warfare against them, 
 he has been erroneously characterized as a sanguinary persecutor of the 
 Christians. 4 But there is no reason to believe that he ever attacked any 
 of his neighbours on account of their religion. 5 The nominal Christians 
 of those, and of subsequent times, were more addicted to such impious 
 aggressions than the Mercian idolaters, or any other pagans : and it is not 
 improbable that Penda himself fell a victim to their fanatical zeal. This 
 monarch had delegated to Peda, his eldest son, the government of the 
 Middle Angles, who inhabited Leicestershire. That young prince, in 653, 
 visited the court of Oswy, the Christian king of Northumberland, and 
 became a suitor to his daughter, Alcfleda. Oswy consented to their union, 
 on condition that Peda would renounce idolatry ; which he agreeing to, 
 
 was baptized, and soon afterwards married. On returning to his province 
 
 he was accompanied by four priests, for the purpose of instructing the people 
 in the Christian faith. 6 Within two years after these events, Penda was 
 
 defeated in battle by Oswy, and slain ; and Peda was deputed by the victor 
 
 to rule the Mercians, south of the Trent, who occupied the most considerable 
 portion of Penda's dominions. Although the monastic historians represent 
 Penda as the aggressor, and tell us that Oswy, with a small band, over¬ 
 came the mighty host of the Mercians, through the special interposition of 
 Providence, the modern reader may be allowed to distrust this marvellous 
 tale. Peda does not appear to have combated for his father ; on the con¬ 
 trary, we find him, after the victory, high in Oswy’s favour : and although 
 it is not recorded that he, with his newly converted subjects, followed the 
 banners of Oswy in this war ; yet we must at least conclude that he ob¬ 
 served a neutrality, which would deprive his father of a very material part 
 of the aid he had a right to expect. But Peda was not long permitted to 
 
 4 “ Immanissimi tyranni, et paganis ritibus deditissimi.” Ang. Sac. v. i. p. 423. 
 
 5 “ Nor did King Penda obstruct the preaching of the word among his people, that is, the 
 Mercians, if any were willing to hear it; but, on the contrary, he hated and despised those whom 
 he perceived not to perform the works of faith, when they had received the faith of Christ; saying, 
 They were contemptible and wretched, who did not obey their God, in whom they believed.” 
 Bede’s Eccles. Hist. 1. iii. ch. xxi. p. 234. Translation of 1723. 
 
 6 Bede’s Eccl. Hist, ut sup. 
 
FIRST BISHOPS OF LICHFIELD. 
 
 13 
 
 share the extensive sway of Oswy, being murdered about twelve months 
 after the death of his father. Common report imputed the deed to the 
 treachery of his wife, the daughter of Oswy. 7 From this period the Nor¬ 
 thumbrian king possessed the throne of Mercia nearly three years without 
 partner or rival ; when some of the Mercian nobles, unable longer to endure 
 his yoke, raised an insurrection, expelled his forces from their country, 
 and placed Wulfere, the younger son of Penda, on the throne. When 
 we consider the inveterate enmity between Penda and Oswy, the impla¬ 
 cability and ferocity of the latter, 9 the critical period of Peda’s conversion, 
 and his untimely fate so speedily following the overthrow of his father, it 
 is impossible not to suspect that the conversion of the Middle Angles was 
 undertaken for the purpose of dividing the power of Penda; and that 
 Peda was instrumental in advancing the ambitious Oswy to the Mercian 
 throne. The crimes and follies of mankind are often seen to aid in fulfilling 
 the benevolent purposes of the Almighty : thus the ambition of Oswy, and 
 the fatal passion of Peda for an unworthy object, introduced the Christian 
 faith into the most powerful kingdom of the Saxon Heptarchy. 
 
 This important event happened in 656, when Oswy and his son-in-law, 
 Peda, founded the Mercian Church, by appointing Diuma , one of the four 
 priests who had accompanied the prince on his return from Northumbria, 
 to preside as bishop over the Mercians, Middle Angles, the people of Lin- 
 disfarne, and the neighbouring provinces. 10 Cellach succeeded Diuma, but 
 retired on the revolution which raised Wulfere to the throne, who nominated 
 Trumhere to this bishopric. Jarumarm succeeded Trumhere, and upon the 
 death of Jarumann, the famous Ceadda was appointed to this dioeess. 11 
 This prelate had been consecrated Bishop of York, and had governed that 
 dioeess for three years. But on being reproved by Theodore, Archbishop 
 
 7 Bede, 1. iii. ch. xxiv. 8 Ibid. 
 
 9 Witness his base assassination of Osvvin. Bede, 1. iii. ch. xiv. 
 
 10 Bede’s Eccl. Hist. 1. iii. ch. xxiv. 
 
 11 Many particulars of the life of Ceadda will be found dispersed through Bede’s Ecclesiastical 
 History; and little reliance can be placed on any anecdotes or legends relating to him that are not 
 derived from that source. 
 
 B 2 
 
14 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 of Canterbury, as irregularly ordained, the submissive Ceadda, with great 
 humility, offered to resign the episcopal dignity; and although Theodore 
 would not accept his abdication, he retired to his monastery of Lastingham, 
 which had been founded by his brother Cedd, then Bishop of London. 
 From this seclusion, Ceadda was summoned by Theodore, in 669, to assume 
 the government of the Mercian diocess, vacant by the death of Jarumann. 
 The monks of Medeshamstead, or Peterborough, invented a romantic tale 
 respecting the conversion of King Wulfere by this bishop. 12 It relates, that 
 while Ceadda was living in a cell by the side of a spring, where he was 
 nourished by the milk of a doe, the two sons of King Wulfere accidentally 
 discovered his retreat; and, being converted by the hermit to Christianity, 
 frequently repaired to his cell for purposes of devotion. But the cruel pagan, 
 their father, having watched their movements, slew them both in the presence 
 of their instructor. Being afterwards distracted with remorse for these un¬ 
 natural murders, he sought the pious bishop, who had fled from his cell, and 
 earnestly implored his forgiveness and intercession with heaven. Ceadda 
 embraced this occasion to impress on his mind the truths of Christianity ; but, 
 unwilling to trust too much to his admonitions, adopted the expedient of 
 hanging his cloak upon a sunbeam ! which notable miracle completed the con¬ 
 version of the penitent idolater. 13 But if this story had not been totally 
 unfounded, it would surely have been noticed by Bede, who gives a very 
 particular and sufficiently marvellous account of St. Ceadda; 14 nor do either 
 the Saxon Chronicle, or William of Malmesbury's History, allude to any 
 such events. 
 
 1? Leland’s Collectanea, vol. i. p. 1. The account of this conversion is abridged by Leland, 
 from a book “ Autoris incerti nominis, sed monachi, ut colligo, Petrolmrgensis." Speed also 
 relates this affair on the authority of “ the Liger-Booke of the Monastery of Peterborovv.” Hist, of 
 Great Britain, book vii. p. 356.—In Gunton’s History, &c. of the Church of Peterburgh,” this 
 account is noticed in some monkish verses from the Cloister Windows. 
 
 13 See Gunton’s “ History of the Church of Peterburgh,” pp. 2 and 3, with the Supplement by 
 Dr. Patrick, pp. 229 to 233, where this silly and impious story is treated as the forgery of an old 
 anonymous writer. 
 
 14 The Legend states, that the monastery of Peterborough was founded by Wulfere in expiation 
 of his crime ; but Bede ascribes the foundation to Sexulf, its first abbot, afterwards Bishop of 
 the Mercians. In the Saxon Chronicle it is attributed to King Peda. It is to be remarked, that 
 Wulfere is always mentioned by Bede as a zealous Christian. 
 
DIVISION OF SEES. 
 
 15 
 
 “ Ceadda,” according to Bede, “ had his episcopal see in the place called 
 Licitfield, in which he also died, and was buried ; where also the see of the 
 succeeding bishops of that province still continues. He had built himself an 
 habitation not far removed from the church, wherein he was wont to 
 pray and read with a few, that is, seven or eight of the brethren, as often 
 as he had any spare time from the labour and ministry of the word.” 15 
 After presiding upwards of two years, he died in 670, and was first buried 
 near St. Mary's church ; 16 but afterwards, when the church of St. Peter was 
 built, his remains were removed into that edifice. 17 Miraculous cures were 
 said to have been wrought by his relics ; and a story having been indus¬ 
 triously circulated that his death was announced, and his departure solem¬ 
 nized by the songs of angels, his sepulchre became the resort of numerous 
 superstitious devotees. 18 
 
 In 673, Archbishop Theodore assembled a synod at Heorutford, 19 
 wherein ten of the canons, chiefly relating to ecclesiastical discipline, were 
 propounded by the archbishop, nine of which were agreed to ; but one, 
 which directed that more bishops should be made, as the number of the 
 faithful increased, was for that time passed over. 20 Winfrid, the successor 
 of Ceadda, was soon afterwards deposed, on account of some disobedience, 
 (says Bede) ; whence it has been rationally inferred that he had refused his 
 consent to the ordination of more English bishops; a measure devised by 
 Theodore chiefly to effect a division of the immense province of Mercia, 
 which comprised nearly half of England, and was then under the government 
 
 15 Eccl. Hist, book iv. ch. iii. Translation of 1723. 
 
 16 This is the earliest mention of a church at Lichfield : which appears to have been dedicated 
 to St. Mary: it was probably one of the monasteries founded by Oswy after his victory over Penda. 
 See Bede, Eccl. Hist, book iii. ch. xxiv. Or perhaps it was one of the parish churches then lately 
 raised under the auspices of Archbishop Theodore. 
 
 17 Bede, ut sup. 18 Ibid. 
 
 19 Generally supposed to be Hertford, but more probably Retford in Nottinghamshire, as Bede 
 dates this council in the third year of King Egfrid, in whose dominions it must therefore be sup¬ 
 posed to have been held. Carte, Hist. England, vol. i. p 246. 
 
 20 Bede, lib. iv. ch. v. Wilkins’s Concilia, vol. i. p. 41. 
 
16 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 of the Bishop of Lichfield. 21 This object was steadily pursued, and at length 
 procured by the archbishop; 22 but the dates and particulars of the several 
 alterations and divisions are involved in almost impenetrable obscurity. 23 
 The learned editor of “ Anglia Sacra,” having minutely and patiently 
 investigated the subject, by comparing all the authorities, the account given 
 by him, and supported by numerous references, will here be chiefly relied 
 on. 24 Sexulf, the successor of Winfrid, manifested a partial compliance 
 with the views of Theodore, by instituting the See of Hereford in 676. 
 Between the years 670 and 675, King Ecgfrid, 25 of Northumberland, having 
 defeated Wulfere, reduced the province of Lindsey under his own domi¬ 
 nion ; which, therefore, according to the law of that age, became separated 
 from the Mercian See, and incorporated with that of Wilfrid, the Northum¬ 
 brian bishop. In 678, after much contention with Wilfrid, Theodore pre¬ 
 vailed on King Ecgfrid to divide the Northumbrian province into several 
 bishoprics; among which he assigned the district of Lindsey to Eathed, 
 whose see he fixed at Sidnacester. In the following year the Mercians 
 recovered Lindsey, and restored it to the See of Lichfield ; but this re¬ 
 union was of short duration, for Theodore having procured the confirmation 
 of the Synod of Hatfield to the decree for increasing the number of bishops 
 in the same year, 679, prevailed on the king of Mercia to divide the 
 remainder of the Mercian diocess (that of Hereford having already been 
 taken out of it) into four bishoprics, viz. Lichfield, Legecestre (supposed 
 
 21 Warton’s Ang. Sac. vol. i. p. 426, note. 
 
 22 Theodore was equally distinguished as a prelate, a scholar, and a Christian ; and his religion 
 seems to have approached nearly to the primitive standard. His extraordinary talents were 
 uniformly exerted for the purposes of extending and inculcating the pure doctrines of Chris¬ 
 tianity. With equal firmness he maintained his own legitimate jurisdiction, and resisted the 
 ambitious encroachments of the court of Rome. In the History of Canterbury Cathedral (now 
 preparing for the press) the author will attempt a sketch of the biography of this truly eminent 
 divine, to whom the church of England is probably more indebted than to any other of the prelates 
 who presided in it before the Reformation. 
 
 23 “ Our history here is very dark: and the succession of the first bishops of Rome is not more 
 involved than is that of Lichfield.” Johnson’s “ Ecclesiastical Laws,” Part I. dclxxiii. 
 
 24 Ang. Sac. vol. i. p. 423. 25 Called Egbert by Warton. Ang. Sac. ut sup. 
 
FIRST CATHEDRAL.-A. D. 700. 
 
 17 
 
 by Johnson to be West-Chester, 26 but by William of Malmesbury and 
 Camden, 27 stated to be Leicester) Lindsey, and Worcester. The See of 
 the first remained at Lichfield, the second was placed at Leicester, the 
 third at Dorchester, in Oxfordshire, and the fourth at Worcester. Sexulf 
 being allowed his choice, preferred Lichfield, which still retained by far 
 the most extensive jurisdiction. Soon afterwards Cuthwin, who had been 
 appointed to Leicester, resigned, or died; after which Sexulf governed 
 both bishoprics till the time of his death, which happened in 691. At that 
 period, Wilfrid, having been expelled from the See of York, resided with 
 Ethelred, king of Mercia, who committed to his care the diocess of Lei¬ 
 cester; while Hedda obtained that of Lichfield. But Wilfrid being de¬ 
 prived, by the Synod of Nesterfeld, in 703, both dioceses again coalesced 
 under the authority of Hedda; nor Avere they disunited during the time of 
 his successor, Aid win. But on the death of the latter, Huicta, or Witta, 
 was appointed to Lichfield, and Totta to Leicester. Henceforth the diocess 
 of Lichfield experienced no further alteration in its limits until, in a sub¬ 
 sequent age, that of Chester was dismembered from it. Hedda erected the 
 cathedral church of St. Peter at Lichfield, which he consecrated, 2 Kal. 
 January, 700, and the bones of St. Ceadda Avere then translated into the netv 
 edifice as already mentioned. 28 
 
 About the year 785, Offa, King of Mercia, who had subdued the respective 
 kings of Kent, of the East Angles, and of the West Saxons, conceived the 
 idea of exalting the diocess of Lichfield to the dignity of an archbishopric. 
 
 26 Ecclesiastical Laws, Part I. dclxxiii. 
 
 27 De Gest. Pontif. lib. iv. de Epis. Legecest. Rer. Angl. Scrip, post Bedam praecipui, 1601. 
 Gough’s Camden, vol. ii. p. 202. Much confusion has arisen from the similarity of the Anglo- 
 Saxon names of these cities, which are frequently mistaken for each other by historians. Lei¬ 
 cester was called Legerciester, Lygeraceaster, Legraceaster, Ligoracester, and Ligora—Chester, 
 Legecestre, and Legeacester. Yet Malmesbury applies the word Legecestra to Leicester. See 
 Ormerod’s “ History of the County Palatine and City of Chester,” vol. i. p. 70, &c. It is with 
 peculiar pleasure that I refer to, and recommend this valuable work to the attention of all lovers of 
 topography. 
 
 28 Thomae Chesterfield, Canonici Lichfeldensis, Historia de Episcopis Coventrensibus et Liche- 
 feldensibus. Ang. Sac. vol. i. p. 428. 
 
18 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 To this measure he was induced partly by a jealous dislike of Janbrycht, 
 Archbishop of Canterbury, and partly by the desire of increasing the im¬ 
 portance of his native kingdom, and emancipating its bishops from the 
 jurisdiction of the Kentish prelate, which, after the conquest of Kent by 
 the Mercians, was incompatible wtth the civil state of the respective king¬ 
 doms. A synod of English bishops, assembled at Calchyth, compelled 
 Janbrycht to resign all jurisdiction over the Mercian and East Anglian 
 Sees, which were made subordinate to Higebert, then Bishop of Lichfield. 
 Application was immediately made to Rome for a pall, but it was not received 
 during the life of Higebert, who died in 786. But the representations and 
 munificence of Offa obtained this favour for the succeeding prelate, Aldulf ’ 
 who enjoyed the archiepiscopal dignity during the life of that prince. But 
 Kenulph, the succeeding king of Mercia, at the instigation of the English 
 clergy, petitioned Leo III. then pope, to reverse the edicts made under 
 the influence of Offa, 29 and obtained a decree that the See of Canterbury 
 should be restored to all its rights and privileges. Under this sanction, a 
 synod held in Cloveshoe, in 803, unanimously pronounced the grant of the 
 pall and metropolitical dignity to the Bishop of Lichfield to be null and void, 
 as surreptitiously and fraudulently obtained. The name of Aldulf is signed 
 to this council, with the addition of “ Episcopus.” 
 
 The history of this See presents nothing more of particular interest until 
 after the Norman Conquest; when the national council, held at London, in 
 1075, resolved upon the removal of the Sees of Sherburne, Selsey, and 
 Lichfield, to the cities of Salisbury, Chichester, and Chester, according to 
 the decrees of the councils of Sardica and Laodicea, which prohibited the 
 establishment of episcopal sees in villages. 30 The Saxon prelates, however, 
 had never been disturbed in their preference of solitude and retirement, 
 and this measure was, in reality, only part of the Norman policy, which 
 
 2 9 See the epistle of Kenulph, and decree of Leo, in Will. Malmes. de gestis Regum Angl. 
 lib. i. ch. iv. Also an epistle of Leo to Kenulph, and another from the English clergy to the 
 Pope, in Ang. Sacra, vol. i. p. 460. 
 
 so Wilkins’s Concilia, vol. i. p. 363. 
 
NORMAN BISHOPS :—PREBENDS. 
 
 19 
 
 aimed at the entire subjugation of the English. Norman bishops had 
 been introduced into almost every diocess, and their sees were now to 
 be fixed in towns overawed by Norman garrisons. Accordingly Peter, 
 then Bishop of Lichfield, transferred his See to Chester, where he was buried 
 in 1085 or 1086. His successor was Robei't de Lymesey , who removed 
 the See to Coventry, attracted, as it is said, by the immense riches of the 
 monastery which had been originally founded there by Canute, and after¬ 
 wards restored and greatly enriched by Leofric, Earl of Hereford, and the 
 celebrated Lady Godefa, or Godiva, his wife, about the year 1044. De 
 Lymesey is accused of having plundered the monastery of its treasures, 
 and of oppressing the monks ; but the monastic historian who charges him 
 with these crimes is not remarkable for impartiality in cases concerning the 
 regular clergy. 31 Robert Peche, chaplain to King Henry I. was consecrated 
 bishop of this See in 1117; and, according to some authors, he was the 
 first who established prebends in this church ; the number of which was 
 augmented by the succeeding Bishop, Roger de Clinton,™ who was con¬ 
 secrated in 1128. This bishop was a great benefactor both to the city and 
 to the cathedral church of Lichfield, the latter indeed he is said to have 
 rebuilt. A modern author attributes the present fabric to him, but it may 
 be confidently said, that the greater part of it is subsequent to the time 
 of this prelate, as will hereafter be shown. De Clinton restored the See 
 to Lichfield, and assumed the title of £ Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry.' 
 The succeeding bishops were, until the establishment of the modern diocess of 
 Chester, sometimes called Bishops of Lichfield, sometimes of Coventry, and 
 often of Chester, 33 having episcopal residences in each of those places. The 
 title of ‘ Coventry and Lichfield' was that most frequently borne, until Bishop 
 Hacket, on the restoration of monarchy, placed the name of Lichfield before 
 
 31 William of Malmesbury, De Gest. Pontif. ut supra. 
 
 32 In Willis’s Survey of Cathedrals, (vol. i. p. 425) this account is maintained to be correct, con¬ 
 trary to the assertion in the Chronicle of the Church of Lichfield, which ascribes the institution of 
 prebends to Athelwald, who was bishop in 847.—Thomas de Chesterfield, ut sup. p. 431. 
 
 33 Ormerod’s History of Cheshire, vol. i, p. 70. 
 
 C 
 
20 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 that of Coventry, on account of the approved loyalty of the former city, 
 “ Rob. de Peche—Rog. de Clinton—Walter Durdent—Ric. Peche—and 
 Gerard de Puella,” all successively styled themselves Coventrice Episcopi only ; 
 and had a fair palace at the north-east corner of St. Michael’s church yard.-- 
 Dugdale's Warwickshire , p. 101. 
 
 The violent dissensions between the chapters of Lichfield and Coventry, 
 with regard to their respective rights in the election of bishops, which long 
 agitated this diocess, afford some remarkable instances of the ambition 
 and obstinacy of the monks. These disputes commenced on the election 
 of a successor to Roger de Clinton ; although it was the first occasion on 
 which a license to elect had been granted ; the preceding bishops having 
 been appointed by the king, by investiture with a ring and pastoral staff. 
 As no election could be made, in consequence of the disputes of the chap¬ 
 ters, King Stephen appointed Walter Durdent to this See. 34 By the me¬ 
 diation of Henry II. the succeeding bishops, Richard Peche, Gerard de 
 Puella, or La Pucelle, and Hugh de Nonant, were elected without any 
 material commotion. 35 The latter was an implacable enemy of the monks, 
 on account of their unjustifiable interference in secular affairs, and ejected 
 those of Coventry from their monastery. They were afterwards recalled 
 by Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury, who, having been himself a monk, 
 in some measure favoured their proceedings. Not long after their restora¬ 
 tion a new quarrel occurred, in which they beat and wounded the bishop 
 and his attendants, and drove them out of the church of Coventry. For 
 this outrage he procured their solemn excommunication ; and, but for the 
 opposition of the archbishop, would probably have succeeded in expelling 
 the monks from every cathedral in England. He was obliged however to 
 confine his exertions to his own diocess, and prosecuted his complaints at 
 Rome with such effect, that his enemies were at length formally ejected 
 from the monastery of Coventry, where secular priests were established in 
 their stead. 36 But in 1198, during the exile of this bishop, the monks 
 
 st Warton Angl. Sac. vol. i. p. 434. 
 
 35 Vita Hugonis de Nonant Giraldi Cambrensis Speculo Ecclesise. Ang. Sac. pars ii. p. 351. 
 
 Vita Hugonis de Nonant, ut sup. 
 
bishops: — 1228 , etc. 
 
 21 
 
 were restored by the influence of their patron, Archbishop Hubert, under 
 the authority of a papal decree. On the death of Nonant, in 1199, Geoffry 
 de Muschamp was elected by the monks and canons, at the recommenda¬ 
 tion of Hubert. 37 But on the next occasion, both chapters being left to their 
 own uninfluenced choice, the monks elected Josbert their prior; while the 
 canons chose Walter de Grey, afterwards Archbishop of York. Both parties 
 adhering obstinately to their respective nominations, Pandulf, the pope’s 
 legate, annulled all the proceedings, and afterwards induced them to concur 
 in the election of William de Cornhull, Archdeacon of Huntingdon. To 
 this prelate the chapter of Lichfield is indebted for the right of choosing its 
 dean. 38 The next license to appoint a bishop was granted “ to all those who 
 ought and used to elect,” upon which the canons entered a protest against 
 any person to be brought in by the monks : they nevertheless chose their 
 own prior; but confirmation was refused, and the election annulled. The 
 monks, however, appealed to Rome, and a tedious litigation ensued ; but 
 in order that the See might not remain vacant, the Pope, Honorius III. 
 prevailed on both parties to commit their powers to him on that occasion, 
 and he assigned Alexander de Stavenby to the vacant See. In 1228 a 
 compromise was effected by Gregory IX., whereby it was decreed that 
 the chapters should unite, and form one body of electors, and that the 
 appointment should take place alternately in the churches of Coventry and 
 Lichfield. 39 According to this agreement, on the death of Stavenby, Wil¬ 
 liam de Raleigh was elected in the church of Coventry ; but being at the 
 same time chosen for the diocess of Norwich, he preferred the latter; 
 upon which the monks insisted that a new election should take place at 
 
 37 Thomas de Chesterfield, ut sup. 
 
 38 “ Iste Willielmus episcopus capitulo Lichesfeldensi primo liberam in Domino concessit potes- 
 tatem eligendi aliquem de gremio in Decanum Lichesfeldensis Ecclesise. Confirmata est haec con- 
 cessio per Papam Honoriam IV. Nam antea, usque ad hoc tempus, episcopus solebat conferre 
 Decanatum sicut et Canonicatum.” Thomas de Chesterfield, ut sup. 
 
 39 “ Quod una vice in Coventrensi ecclesia conventus Coventrensis et capitulum Lichesfeldense 
 electionem episcopi celebrent, et altera vice similiter ab utrisque in ecclesia Lichesfeldensi electio 
 celebretur.” Thomas de Chesterfield, ut sup. 
 
 c 2 
 
22 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Coventry, the former being rendered nugatory ; while the canons main¬ 
 tained that it must be held at Lichfield, as Coventry had had its turn. This 
 dissension again produced two elections, that of Nicholas de Farnham by 
 the monks, and that of William de Manchester by the canons. The latter, 
 however, declined the See in favour of the former, to whose election the 
 canons agreed, saving the question of right. But Farnham also declined the 
 episcopal dignity. A third election was therefore made by the two chapters, 
 jointly, at Coventry, when Hugh de Pateshulle, a Canon of London, and 
 Treasurer of England, son of Simon de Pateshulle, formerly Chief Justice, 
 was duly chosen, and consecrated in 1240. The election of the succeed¬ 
 ing prelate, Roger de Weseham, was preceded by new differences, and 
 an appeal to the court of Rome; in the course of which proceedings, the 
 canons and monks entered into an agreement that each party should vote 
 in all future elections by an equal number of persons. This agreement 
 was reduced to writing, and sealed, in 1255. These disputes were not 
 again revived until after the death of Bishop Walter de Langton in 1321 • 
 when a new quarrel arose on the subject of the number of electors, the 
 monks refusing to abide by their solemn agreement. An appeal was 
 instituted by the canons, pending which, Pope John XXII. appointed 
 Roger de Norburgh to the vacant See, who was accordingly consecrated in 
 1322. 
 
 As the little which is known of the history of the fabric of Lichfield Ca¬ 
 thedral will be noticed in the succeeding chapter, the next remarkable sera 
 in the history of the diocess is the thirtieth year of King Henry VIII., when 
 the church of Lichfield was despoiled of its ornaments. The statues of 
 saints, shrines of gold and silver, gems, and other valuable articles, were 
 converted to the use of the crown, with the exception of the shrine of St. 
 Ceadda, which, on the petition of Bishop Roland Lee, the king granted to 
 the use of the church. The monastery of Coventry was surrendered to the 
 crown, and its fine church, notwithstanding the urgent remonstrances of the 
 bishop, was entirely demolished. An act was then passed, that the pro¬ 
 ceedings of the dean and chapter of Lichfield should be as valid, without 
 the chapter of Coventry, as the joint acts of the two chapters had formerly 
 
EXTENT OF DIOCESS. 
 
 23 
 
 been. 40 And the monastery of St. Werburg, in Chester, having also been 
 suppressed, was by letters patent, dated July 16, in the thirty-third year 
 of King Henry VIII. (1542) made the episcopal See of the diocess of 
 Chester, then created; the limits whereof include a very considerable 
 portion of the district formerly within the jurisdiction of the bishops of 
 Lichfield and Coventry. This new diocess was made suffragan to the 
 Archbishop of York. 
 
 The diocess of Lichfield and Coventry now contains the whole county 
 of Stafford, (except Brome and Clent, which belong to Worcester,) all Der¬ 
 byshire, the greater part of Warwickshire, and nearly half of Shropshire. 
 It is divided into the archdeaconries of Salop, Coventry, Stafford, and 
 Derby. That of Salop comprises the deaneries of Salop and Newport, 
 whilst that of Coventry contains the deaneries of Coventry, Arden, Marten, 
 and Stonely, in the county of Warwick; the archdeaconry of Stafford 
 includes the deaneries of Lapley and Treizull, Leek and Alton, Newcastle 
 and Stone, and Tam worth and Tutbury, all in the county of Stafford; 
 and the deaneries of Derby, Castillar, Chesterfield, Ashbourne, High Peak, 
 and Repington, all in the county of Derby, appertain to the archdeaconry 
 of Derby. There is no archdeacon denominated from Lichfield, which is 
 the only cathedral (except Peterborough and Bristol, which are of Henry 
 the Eighth’s foundationj that does not give title to an archdeacon. The 
 parishes within the city of Lichfield are in the peculiar jurisdiction of the 
 Dean of Lichfield. This diocess contains, according to Heylin, five 
 hundred and fifty-seven parishes ; and the clergy’s tenths amount to 
 £590. 16*. 1U 41 
 
 40 33 Henry VIII. Gulielmi Whitlocke, Continuatio Hist. Lichfeld. Ang. Sac. pars i. p. 458. 
 See also Dugdale’s “ Antiquities of Warwickshire.” 
 
 41 Willis’s Survey of Cathedrals, vol. i. p 371. 
 
24 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 HISTORICAL NOTICES OF THE CATHEDRAL;-ITS FOUNDATION, ERECTION, 
 
 SUCCESSIVE ALTERATIONS AND ADDITIONS-WITH AN ACCOUNT OF ITS 
 
 PRESENT STATE. 
 
 It is generally said that King Oswy, and his son-in-law, Peda, founded the 
 Cathedral of Lichfield; and Bede relates that the Mercians received the 
 Christian faith, and that Diuma was appointed their bishop in 605. Thomas 
 Chesterfield, however, who wrote the “ Chronicle of the Church of Lich¬ 
 field’’ in 1350, asserts, that the Mercian Church was formed, and a cathe¬ 
 dral founded, anterior to the time of Diuma. His account does not how¬ 
 ever appear entitled to much credit. According to Bede, Ceadda had his 
 episcopal See in this place, where he was buried, and where the seat of 
 the succeeding bishops still continues. Warton, in Anglia Sacra, (1-424) 
 infers, that the prelates who preceded Ceadda, “ had no cathedral, or 
 certain See appointed them, but were content to live in monasteries.” We 
 have already related that Ceadda resided in a habitation built by himself, 
 and after death was first interred in the church of St. Mary, but his 
 remains were afterwards removed to that of St. Peter. This church may 
 be regarded as the original cathedral, and, as before shown, was finished 
 and consecrated by Hedda in January, a.d. 700. 
 
 There is some reason to suppose that the church was commenced by 
 Jarumann, the predecessor of Ceadda. 1 It probably occupied the site of 
 
 1 In the Harleian MSS. 3839, it is stated that Dugdale found an old document in the treasury 
 that noticed the consecration of the church in the close by Bishop Jarumann, the predecessor 
 of Ceadda, in 666. 
 
LICHFIELD CLOSE. 
 
 25 
 
 the existing- edifice, and continued to be the cathedral church of the 
 diocess until after the Norman conquest. 2 
 
 An inscription, formerly placed over the great western door, obscurely 
 attributes the foundation to Oswy; but as it purports to have been 
 written above a thousand years after that event, it has no pretensions to 
 authority. 3 
 
 From the time of Hedda to that of Bishop Roger de Clinton, who suc¬ 
 ceeded to this See in 1128, a period of four hundred and twenty-eight 
 
 2 A memorial from the archives of the church, printed in Angl. Sac., (pars i. 459) and in the 
 Monasticon, (vol. iii. p. 219) which must have been written after the twelfth century, details 
 the following particulars; “the city of Lichfield was formerly called Liches, from War. In 
 it are two monasteries; one in the eastern part called the Station of St. Ceadd, or Stow: the 
 other in the western, dedicated to the Virgin, and inclosed with ditches and fences; and 
 formerly decorated with many gifts by the Mercian kings. In this was the Archbishop’s See. 
 And this monastery is situate between Leman Sych, and Way-cliffe. The close of this monas¬ 
 tery is divided into two parts, the greater and the less. In the greater, the bishop’s dwelling- 
 stands in the eastern corner of the north side, and contains in length three hundred and twenty 
 feet, and in breadth one hundred and sixty feet. The dean’s habitation, adjoining the bishop’s, 
 contains half the dimensions of the former in length and breadth. The dwellings of the canons, 
 built round the monastery, each contain half the dimensions of that of the dean: except that 
 mansion which lately belonged to Master Odo de Bikennar, because he purchased from the 
 bishop a certain place in Lemanskey, and inclosed it with stone. There are in the said close 
 twenty-six mansions, including that of the bishop.” 
 
 3 As this inscription is mentioned in every history of the church, and incorrectly quoted by 
 several authors, it has been considered proper to introduce it here. 
 
 Oswyus est Lichfield fundator, sed reparator 
 Offa fuit: regum fama perennis erit: 
 
 Rex Stephanus, rex Henricus, primusque Ricardus, 
 
 Rex et Johannes plurima dona dabant. 
 
 Supra hsec millenos ecclesia floruit annos, 
 
 Duret ad extremum nobilis usque diem, 
 
 Daque, Deus, longum ut haec sacra floreat aedes, 
 
 Et celebrent nomen plebs ibi sanctum tuum. 
 
 Fundata est ecclesia Merciensis 
 Quae nunc Lichfeldia dicitur 
 Facta Cathedralis, 
 
 Anno Domini 
 
 DCLVII. —Dugdale’s Visitation of Staffordshire. 
 
26 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 years, the history of this edifice is wholly unknown. Of the last named 
 prelate the chronicle asserts, that “ he raised the church of Lichfield, as 
 well in fabric as in honour ;—increased the number of the prebends,— 
 fortified the castle of Lichfield,—surrounded the town by a wall, or vallum, 
 and infeoffed knights.” 4 
 
 This is all the information which history affords on the subject of the 
 erection of a church here by De Clinton; but modern writers have sup¬ 
 plied the deficiency from their own imaginations. By merely assuming 
 that the whole of the present edifice was built by De Clinton, 5 it has been 
 found easy to describe his work with minute accuracy. 5 But a moderate 
 acquaintance with ecclesiastical architecture will be sufficient to convince 
 any observer that little of De Clinton's architecture now remains. 
 
 4 “ Ecclesiam erexit Lichesfeldensem, tarn in fabrica quam in honore, numerum praebendarum 
 augendo, castrum Lichesfeldense muniendo, villam vallo vallando, milites infeodando.” Ang. 
 Sac. pars i. p. 434. The meaning of the latter words is, that he granted the church lands to 
 he held as knights’ fees; of which, according to Stow, the religious houses before their 
 suppression possessed 28,015, each containing, as Coke asserts, twelve carrucates, or plough 
 lands. 
 
 3 It is not very extraordinary that Plot and Bishop Godwin should, in the absence of direct 
 historical evidence on the subject of the erection of the existing edifice, have concluded it to be 
 the work of Clinton ; but that Mr. Carter’s architectural experience should not have prevented 
 his committing the same error, is certainly unaccountable. See the Gent. Mag. vol. lxxix, part ii. 
 p. 697, and vol. lxxx. part i. p. 525. It has been however the common practice of this visionary 
 antiquary to ascribe, if possible, exery ancient edifice to the date of its original foundation ; and 
 if precluded by notorious facts from indulging this propensity, to seize on the most remote date 
 the circumstances of the case would permit, without regard to the known progress of our national 
 architecture. 
 
 6 Jackson, in his “ History of the City and Cathedral of Lichfield,” p. 75, states, (without 
 giving any authority) that “ Clinton pulled down the old church, 48 Henry I. 1148, (which year 
 was not the 48th of Henry I., who only reigned thirty-five years, but the 13th of Stephen; and 
 was the very year of Clinton’s death) and rebuilt it upon its present magnificent style—roofed 
 it, with that noble stone vault, which is the admiration of architects, and then covered the 
 whole with lead.” This account is evidently erroneous, as may be inferred from its own state¬ 
 ment, and as may be clearly perceived by the varied styles of architecture in the church. 
 Browne Willis construes more rationally the Lichfield Chronicle, in stating that Bishop Clinton 
 “ built good part of the church.” Survey of Cathedrals, vol. i. p. 377. 
 
BUILDING THE CATHEDRAL. 
 
 27 
 
 In 1235, King Henry III. granted to the dean and chapter a license to dig 
 stone in the forest of Hopwas 7 for the fabric of the church of Lichfield, and in 
 the precept then addressed to the Sheriff of Staffordshire, commanded him not 
 to impede the workmen on the occasion. Only three years afterwards another 
 precept was issued to Hugh de Loges, then keeper of the same forest, to 
 allow the canons of Lichfield to dig more stone from the same quarries to carry 
 on the works at their church. 8 From these documents it is evident that some 
 buildings were prosecuting at that time, but we do not find any evidence as 
 to the parts of the edifice then raised. From the year 1200 to 1385, all the 
 bishops of this See were interred in the cathedral, whence it may be in¬ 
 ferred that the church, during that time, was in a condition for the per¬ 
 formance of public service. It is also very probable that the greater part of 
 the present fabric was raised in the same time. The registers of the bishops 
 who presided during the progress of the work, would probably have furnished 
 the dates of its erection, in the accounts and documents relating to the ex¬ 
 penses of the building; but these records were unfortunately destroyed during 
 the civil wars of the seventeenth century, when the close being fortified and 
 garrisoned, the cathedral alternately suffered the injuries of a siege from each 
 party; and when in possession of the parliamentary forces, its monuments, 
 ornaments, and records were spoiled and demolished, to gratify their avarice 
 and fanaticism. 
 
 Walter de Langton who succeeded to this See in 129G, was one of the most 
 
 7 This forest extended over a large tract of country on the south side of the city. 
 
 8 Pro nova fabrica Eccl. Lichf. tem. R. H. III.—Mandatum est Vicecomiti Staffordiae, quod non 
 1 mpediat vel impedire permittat decanum et capituluni Lichfeldiae, quo minus fodere possint petram 
 in foresta regis de Hopwas, ad fabricam ecclesiae suae de Lichfield, sicut earn fodi fecerunt ante tem- 
 pus suum. Teste rege apud Wallingford xii Junii. (Claus. 19, H. III. m. 9.) 
 
 Mandatum est Hugoni de Loges quod permittat Canonicos de Lichefeld, fodere petram, ad fabricam 
 ecclesiae suae de Lichefeld in quarrera de Hopwas ; ita tamen quod hoc fiat sine detrimento forestae 
 nostrae. Teste Rege, &c. xxviii April, Claus. 22, H. III. m. 15. 
 
 Mon. Angl. vol. iii. p. 239. The expression, ad fabricam, used in both these writs, has been 
 s upposed to imply that the work then proceeding consisted merely of repairs. But Dugdale un¬ 
 derstood it to allude to a new building, as appears by the title, pro novA fabrica, which he has pre¬ 
 fixed to these records. It is conceived that it would be equally applicable to either case ; and there¬ 
 fore that it affords no light to guide us in developing the history of the fabric. 
 
 D 
 
28 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 liberal benefactors to the church and city. He surrounded the close with 
 a high stone wall, and constructed “ two beautiful gates” on the west and 
 south sides of the close; inclosed the relics of St. Chad in a magnificent 
 shrine, at the expense of two thousand pounds ; founded and raised part 
 of the Lady Chapel at the east end of the cathedral, and constructed the 
 vaulted roofs of the transept; but dying in 1321, before it was finished, he 
 bequeathed a sum of money for its completion. His successor, Roger de 
 Norburg, or Norbrigge, removed Langton’s remains from the Lady Chapel 
 to a more appropriate sepulchre on the south side of the high altar, 
 where there are some vaults and chantries very singularly situated and 
 designed. According to Fuller, the cathedral had attained its final com¬ 
 pletion in the time of Bishop Hey worth, who was consecrated in 1420. 9 
 Early in the sixteenth century, some extensive repairs appear to have taken 
 place; and Bishop Blythe contributed fifty oaks, and the sum of twenty 
 pounds towards the same. The destruction of the shrines and ornaments 
 at the Reformation has been already mentioned. In the wars between 
 Charles I. and his parliament, this church suffered great injury. The close 
 being surrounded by a wall and ditch, presented an eligible situation for 
 defence; and it was accordingly garrisoned early in 1643, by the royalist 
 inhabitants of the city and neighbourhood, under the command of the 
 Earl of Chesterfield. The parliamentary forces, not only anxious to dis¬ 
 lodge them, but zealously intent on pillaging and defacing the cathedral, 
 
 9 “ But now in the time of the aforesaid William Hey worth, the cathedral of Lichfield was in 
 the verticall height thereof, being - (though not augmented in the essentials) beautified in the orna¬ 
 mentals thereof. Indeed the west front thereof is a stately fabric, adorned with exquisite imagerie, 
 which I suspect our ag - e is so far from being able to imitate the workmanship, that it understandeth 
 not the history thereof. Surely what Charles the Fifth is said to have said of the citie of Florence, 
 that it is pitie it should be see?i save only on hohydayes ; as also that it was Jitt that so fair a 
 citie should have a case and cover for it to keep it from wind and weather, so, in some sort, 
 this fabric may seem to deserve a shelter to secure it. But alas, it is now in a p>ittifull case indeed, 
 almost beaten to the ground in our civil dissentions.. Now, lest the church should follow the 
 castle, I mean, quite vanish out of view, I have at the cost of my worthy friend here exemplified 
 the portraiture thereof: and am glad to hear it to be the design of ingenious persons to preserve 
 antient churches in the like nature, (whereof many are done in this, and more expected in the next 
 part of Monasticon) seeing when their substance is gone, their very shadows will be acceptable 
 to posteritie." Fuller’s Church History, cent. xi. book iv. sect. iii. p. 175. 
 
CIVIL WARS. 
 
 29 
 
 that hated temple of episcopacy, as they termed it, soon besieged the 
 close. Their leader, Robert Lord Brook, is said to have invoked some 
 special token of God’s approbation of the enterprise; and it is certainly 
 remarkable that on the commencement of the cannonade, this commander 
 was shot in the head by a gentleman posted at the battlements of the 
 great tower. 10 This event happened on the 2d of March, the festival of St. 
 Chad, to whose influence the cavaliers superstitiously attributed their success. 
 Sir John Gell of Hopton succeeded to the command of the parliamentary 
 troops on the following day, and so vigorously pressed the siege that the gar¬ 
 rison surrendered on the 5th, “ upon condition of free quarter to all in general 
 within the close.” 11 In April following Prince Rupert marched to Lichfield, 
 and commenced another siege of the close, which was now better fortified, 
 and was resolutely defended for ten days by the parliamentary forces, under 
 Colonel Rouswell, or Russell. At length the prince succeeded in draining the 
 moat, and springing a mine, which enabled him to storm the place ; yet he 
 was repulsed with great loss. But the garrison, unable to withstand a se¬ 
 cond siege, made proposals of capitulation on honourable terms, which being 
 accepted, the whole evacuated the place on the 21st of April, 1643. 12 It 
 was then garrisoned by the king’s troops, under the command of Colonel 
 Harvey Bagot. 
 
 The most sacrilegious conduct is attributed to the parliamentary forces 
 during their short possession of the cathedral. They demolished and defaced 
 the monuments, stripped the grave-stones of their brasses, broke the painted 
 windows, and destroyed the records. We are also told that they “every day 
 hunted a cat with hounds through the church, delighting themselves in the 
 echo from the goodly vaulted roof; and to add to their wickedness, brought a 
 calf into it, wrapt in linen; carried it to the font, sprinkled it with water; 
 and gave it a name in scorn and derision of that holy sacrament of baptism; 
 and when Prince Rupert recovered that church by force, Russell the go- 
 
 10 Dugdale’s “ Short View of the late Troubles in England,” p. 117. 
 
 11 Historical Tracts collected by R. Holme. Harleian MSS. 2043, p. 24. 
 
 12 A perfect Diurnal of some passages in Parliament, 1643. Clarendon’s History of the Re¬ 
 bellion, book vii. p. 313. 
 
 D 2 
 
30 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL, 
 
 vernor carried away the communion plate, and linen, and whatsoever else was 
 of value.” 13 
 
 The close was occupied by the king’s garrison till July, 1646, when the 
 king’s affairs had become desperate, and the parliamentary forces, under the 
 command of Adjutant-general Lowthian, again besieged this devoted place. 
 The governors, Sir Thomas Tyldesley, and Colonel Bagot, being satisfied by 
 the report of Colonel Hudson (who had gone out of the garrison to obtain in¬ 
 formation, and had been permitted to return to it) “ that the king had no army 
 in the field to the amount of one hundred men, nor any one garrison unbe¬ 
 sieged,” agreed to articles of capitulation, whereby their lives and some part 
 of their arms and property were secured to them, and surrendered the place 
 on the 10th day of July, 1646. 14 
 
 During these vicissitudes of war, the cathedral suffered most extensive 
 injury. It is calculated that two thousand cannon-shot, and fifteen hundred 
 hand grenades had been discharged against it. The centre spire was battered 
 down; the spires of the west end nearly demolished; the roof beaten in; 
 the whole of the exterior greatly damaged; and the beautiful sculpture of 
 the west front barbarously mutilated. The bells, lead, and timber were 
 afterwards purloined during the protectorship of Cromwell; so that when 
 Dr. Hacket succeeded to this See in 1661, he found the cathedral in a most 
 desolate condition ; and with a truly laudable zeal immediately commenced 
 the necessary repairs. “ The very morning after his arrival in Lichfield, 
 he roused his servants by break of day, set his own coach horses, 
 with teams and hired labourers, to remove the rubbish, and laid the 
 first hand to the work he had meditated. By his large contributions, the 
 benefactions of the dean and chapter, and the money arising from his 
 assiduity in soliciting the aid of every gentleman in the diocess, and almost 
 every stranger that visited the cathedral, he is said to have raised several 
 thousand pounds. In eight years he restored the beauty of the cathedral, 
 to the admiration of the country.” 15 Besides a grant by King Charles II. 
 
 13 Dugdale’s “ Short View of the late Troubles in England,” p. 560. 
 
 14 These articles of capitulation are printed in Jackson’s History of Lichfield. 
 
 15 Life of Bishop Hacket, by Dr. Plume, prefixed to his Century of Sermons. 
 
MODERN REPAIRS AND RESTORATIONS. 3J 
 
 of “ one hundred fair timber trees out of Needwood Forest,” the subscription 
 for the repairs amounted to 9092/. Is. 7|r/. The bishop himself contributed 
 no less than 1683/. 12s. Having- completed the repairs, and fitted up the 
 choir with new stalls, pulpit, and organ, he reconsecrated the church with 
 great solemnity on the 24th of December, 1669. In the following year he 
 contracted for six bells; the first of which only was hung during his last 
 illness. “ He went out of his bed-chamber into the next room to hear it, 
 seemed well pleased with the sound, and blessed God who had favoured him 
 with life to hear it; but at the same time observed that it would be his own 
 passing bell; and retiring into his chamber, he never left it until he was carried 
 to his grave.” 16 
 
 Since that event, the cathedral church of Lichfield has only suffered from 
 the effects of time and weather; and the ravages of those destructive agents 
 have frequently called forth the zeal and liberality of the clergy and laity of 
 the diocess. 
 
 The general appearance of this building was considerably improved by 
 several judicious alterations effected about the year 1760; when the cathedral 
 library, built by Dean Heywood, and an adjoining house, very incommodiously 
 situated between the church and the deanery, were demolished ; the ground 
 of the cemetery was at the same time levelled; the tomb-stones were laid flat; 
 some useless walls and gates were removed ; and slates were substituted for 
 the old leaden covering of the roof. But in 1788 it was found that the 
 fabric itself was in so dilapidated a state that a heavy expenditure would be 
 required for its restoration. For this purpose, subscriptions were immediately 
 raised throughout the diocess ; which, chiefly through the zealous activity of 
 Dean Proby, produced a sum of money considerable in itself, but inadequate 
 to the requisite expense. The present worthy bishop not only contributed 
 liberally on this occasion, but exerted his influence in obtaining an act of 
 parliament, by which a fund was provided, not only applicable to the future 
 support of the fabric, but to the discharge of the debts which it was 
 unavoidably necessary to contract for completing the repairs then in progress. 
 Dean Proby is said to have advanced, as a loan, 250/. for these purposes. 
 
 16 Life of Bishop Hacket, by Dr. Plume. 
 
32 
 
 LICHFIELD CATJlEJJitAL. 
 
 A thorough and substantial repair was accordingly commenced under the 
 direction of the late Mr. James Wyatt, and was completed, with many 
 improvements, in the year 1795. Besides the general restoration of the doors, 
 windows, and flooring throughout, two of the spires were partly rebuilt, 
 the ends of the transepts were strengthened by new buttresses, the external 
 roofs of the ailes were raised, and five divisions of the stone roof in the nave 
 were taken down, and replaced with plaster. The Lady Chapel was united to 
 the choir, by removing a screen which had been erected by Bishop Hacket. 
 On taking this away, the workmen discovered the beautiful old screen which 
 formed in all probability the original partition when the Lady Chapel was 
 completed by the executors of Walter de Langton. This elaborate piece of 
 architecture was in a very mutilated state; but Mr. Wyatt, having restored it, 
 by the assistance of Roman cement, to a very perfect condition, appropriated 
 part of it to the new altar piece, and the remainder to the organ screen, or 
 partition which divides the nave from the choir. 
 
 The Stained Glass which embellishes some of the eastern windows of the 
 Lady Chapel, formerly decorated the magnificent chapel of the abbey of 
 Herckenrode, a wealthy convent of Cistertian nuns, in the bishopric of Liege, 
 in Germany. The chapel of Herckenrode abbey was rebuilt in the sixteenth 
 century, when the windows were adorned with these choice specimens of the 
 art of glass-staining. On the establishment of the French republic, this 
 abbey was suppressed with many other religious houses. Sir Brooke Boothby, 
 who happened to be then on the continent, purchased the stained windows for 
 the moderate price of two hundred pounds, and very generously transferred 
 this extraordinary bargain to the dean and chapter, who expended about eight 
 hundred pounds more in the importation, repair, and arrangement of the glass 
 in its present situation. The Rev. W. G. Rowland, of Shrewsbury, super¬ 
 intended the latter operations, and furnished designs for the requisite accessary 
 and ornamental works, the staining of which was executed by Sir John Betton, 
 of Shrewsbury, knight. A large window at the end of the north transept is 
 filled with stained glass by the latter gentleman, from designs by I. J. Halls, 
 Esq., an artist of considerable talent. 
 
33 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF THE FORM, ARRANGEMENT, AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE 
 
 CHURCH: OF ITS EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR BEAUTIES AND DEFECTS:- 
 
 REMARKS ON ITS STYLES OF ARCHITECTURE, AND ON THE VARIOUS 
 PORTIONS OF THE EDIFICE; WITH REFERENCE TO THE ACCOMPANYING 
 PRINTS. 
 
 The Cathedral Church of Lichfield possesses many singularities and 
 beauties. Its plan, design, general features, present state, and situation, 
 are all peculiar, and calculated to prepossess the stranger in its favour. 
 Unlike the generality of cathedrals, which are surrounded and encroached 
 on by common dwellings, shops, and offensive appendages, this is com¬ 
 pletely insulated, and every part of its exterior may be readily examined. 
 It is placed in an open lawn or close, which is environed with handsome 
 or very respectable detached houses. These have their respective gardens 
 and plantations; and on the north and eastern sides of the close are some 
 fine forest trees. Hence the external appearance of the church and effect 
 of the whole on the visitor are pleasing and interesting. An air of rural 
 simplicity, and genteel life, pervades the precincts of the edifice, and im¬ 
 presses the mind with quiet, respectful, and religious sentiments. About 
 one hundred yards from the south side is a large piece of water, or lake, 
 which may be regarded as a pleasing appendage : and but for a few houses 
 which are placed between it and the church, would be a beautiful and 
 unique accompaniment. In Plate vi. the Cathedral is shown as it would 
 appear, if some houses were removed from the south-east; and no person 
 can deny the improved effect that might be thus made. Such a material 
 alteration in the value and property of the ground, though it may be wished 
 
34 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 for, cannot however be reasonably expected. Another singularity in the 
 edifice, now under notice, is its general exterior form. At the west end are 
 two towers, surmounted by spires, and at the intersection of the nave with 
 the transept, is another tower, with a spire more lofty than those at the 
 west end. Hence every approach to the city is distinguished by the varied 
 combination of these acute pyramids. 1 From the east and west they are 
 seen grouped in a cluster ; whilst, from the northern and southern sides 
 the two western spires seem attached; and the central one is shown as 
 springing abruptly from the middle of the roof, and rising much higher 
 than the others. As a distant object, however, this church has no preten¬ 
 sions to grandeur or beauty. Very little but the ridge of the roof, and the 
 th ree spires, is presented above the houses and contiguous trees. From 
 the east, at Stow-pool, the view is picturesque and pleasing, as the three 
 spires are seen grouped together, rising above the surrounding trees and 
 houses; but the church constitutes only a small object in the scene. 
 
 The only approaches to Lichfield Cathedral from the city, are on the 
 south-east, and on the west; and these present the best and most interesting- 
 features of the edifice. The south side of the Lady Chapel, with its 
 tall, narrow windows, the clerestory of the choir, and its southern aile, 
 with the present vestry, south transept, part of the nave, central and 
 western towers and spires, are successively displayed from the former 
 approach; whilst the latter presents the western front in all its richness 
 and variety of ornament. Though now much mutilated and disfigured by 
 the corrosive effects of the weather, this front still displays simplicity of 
 design, and richness of ornament. It is nearly a flat facade, with small 
 octangular buttress-turrets at the angles. A large double door-way, re¬ 
 cessed, is seen in the centre, and two smaller lateral door-ways : each of 
 these was formerly much ornamented with insulated columns, bold archi- 
 volt mouldings, charged with foliage, statues, &c. Externally the church 
 may be said to be more picturesque than beautiful. It has no pretensions 
 
 1 Rippon Minster had formerly three leaden spires, similarly situated with those at Lichfield; 
 hut these are now pulled down. 
 

 ' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CATHEJBRATL ANT1QUITIE 3. 
 
 . 1 . 
 
 Ttmnrmr. 
 
 
 ' 2 ichfieid CojJtrJiral. 
 
 Di'wm "by P.Maclienzie. 
 
 Engraved "by G Gladwin.. 
 
 ILHSMFIEEILIE) (DATMl)IE-AIL CCIHnmMSHI 
 
 WITH INDICATIONS OF GHOININGS, MONUMENTS. Sc 
 
 2.oruivn. JPubLLshrd July j. , lSig, by Xonyman tc C?Tatcmcster How. 
 
STYLE OF THE CHURCH :-PLAN. 
 
 35 
 
 to grandeur; and therefore cannot vie with the noble and imposing cathe¬ 
 drals of York, Lincoln, Canterbury, Wells, or Durham: nor is it so pic¬ 
 turesque or beautiful as Salisbury. The natural colour and quality of its 
 materials indeed detract from its beauty; for the stone is of a dusky red, 
 and of a crumbly, ragged character. Though deprived of strongly marked 
 beauties, yet it displays many pleasing and even interesting features. The 
 architectural antiquary will find in it much to admire; for if the opera¬ 
 tions of time, of wantonness, and of bad restorations, have tended to de¬ 
 face and injure it, there is enough left to indicate its original and pristine 
 design. The exterior, it is true, displays five or six different styles and cha¬ 
 racters of architecture ; but these are not of very opposite and incongruous 
 forms. All is in the pointed style, and of quick succession as to dates, 
 and proportions. There is no part of the circular, or Norman style, and 
 none of the last period of the pointed. These remarks, however, do not 
 apply to the centre spire, or modern restorations. The general character 
 of the interior of the Church is cleanness, cheerfulness, and elegance. Every 
 part is preserved in good condition, and displays the laudable exertions 
 made by the present dean and chapter to uphold its stability, and improve 
 its beauty. Their conduct, in this respect, is not only highly praiseworthy, 
 but ought to excite the emulation and shame of the curators of some other 
 national churches. 
 
 The more particular characteristics of this Cathedral will be noticed in 
 referring to the accompanying illustrative plates. 
 
 Plate I. Ground Plan, with reference to the monuments, indications of 
 the groining, &c. The Roman capitals, from a to w, refer to different 
 parts of the church; and the Arabic figures point out the situations of 
 the principal monuments. It will be seen from this plan that the church 
 consists of a nave, d. with its ailes, e. and f. :—a transept, h. and i. branch¬ 
 ing from the centre tower, g. :—an eastern aile to the transept, k. and l. :—a 
 choir, from m. to p. :— with its ailes, n. and o. :— a lady chapel, q. :— a vestry, r. : 
 — an inner vestry, or chapel, s. :— a vestibule to the chapter house, t. :— and 
 a chapter house, w. At the west end are three entrance door-ways, a.b.c., 
 deeply recessed in the wall, and richly adorned in their sculptured mould- 
 
 e 
 
36 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 ings and capitals, a. communicates to the nave, b. to the north aile, and c. 
 to the south aile. On the north and south sides of the west end it is shown 
 that the walls project beyond those of the ailes, and thus form a sort of 
 small transept. These walls, with the octangular buttresses at the western 
 angles, square buttresses at the eastern angles, and two large piers at the 
 west end of the choir, support the two western towers and spires. The 
 figures refer to, 
 
 1. A font:—2. Staircase to the north-west tower: — 3. to the opposite 
 tower, which is entered at present by a door-way on the outside, as cor¬ 
 rectly shown in the plan, Plate IV.: — 4. ascending steps to the door-way 
 of the south transept: —- 5. doorway to the north transept, with steps de¬ 
 scending to the church : — 6. the dean’s consistory court, or eastern aile of 
 the south transept, in which are placed busts of Dr.'Johnson and Garrick, 
 7. and 22.: — and the monument of Mr. Newton, 8.: — 9. and 20. point out 
 the places where the effigies of Bishops Pateshull and Langton, and the 
 remains of Hacket’s tomb, are laid in recesses under the windows:—10. 
 is the famed modern tomb, by Chantrey : —11. altar table: — 12. stair-case 
 to the library over the chapter house : — 14. effigy of Sir Thomas Stanley : — 
 15. an ancient effigy in a niche in the wall:— 16. 17. 18. point out the situa¬ 
 tions of three old effigies in the walls: — 19. an old tomb in the wall, sup¬ 
 posed to be of the founder of the chapel. The measurements are figured 
 on the plan. 
 
 Plate II. View of the West Front. The point chosen for taking this 
 view is at such a distance from the church, that the whole facade is dis¬ 
 played to advantage, and exempt from quick perspective which is often un¬ 
 pleasing, and calculated to distort the objects delineated. By taking a dis¬ 
 tant station, and standing at, or near the middle, as in the present instance, 
 the proper forms and proportions of the front are shown : and when these 
 are in unison and harmony, the effect must be pleasing to the eye, and be 
 well adapted for pictorial delineation. Believing that the west front of Lich¬ 
 field would be best represented in this way, and that its three spires would 
 form a pleasing pyramidal group, was the reason for choosing the point of 
 view now alluded to. It is true there are some small houses that inter¬ 
 cept part of the church from the station chosen; but this did not pre- 
 
CATHEUTRAL ANTIQUITIES 
 
 PE. II 
 
 Unproved ly TLLeJ£eu,c from aDrawin.y ly /''J/ v;v ■// 
 
 ILiIKDIBIIFSISILIE) CATMIMAJL CD MTU IE SIS, 
 
 WEST FRONT. 
 
 TO THE MO ST NOBLE THE MARQUIS OF ANGLESEY , EARL OF UXBRID GE See See See 
 This Plate is respectfully inscribed bytbeAUTHOR. 
 -Lcndcn.Tublished Ou r i.i6zoby Zongman, Sc C° PeUerru/ster Row. 
 
IPTT/i .ML 
 
 
WEST FRONT. 
 
 37 
 
 elude the artist from representing the true architectural forms of the 
 building as it would appear if these obstructions were removed. In addi¬ 
 tion to what has been already said of the western facade, it may be de¬ 
 scribed as consisting of three leading divisions, in height; viz. two towers 
 with spires of nearly corresponding design, and a central compartment, 
 with a door-way, a large window, and an acute pediment. The whole 
 front has been richly and beautifully adorned with architectural ornaments, 
 and sculpture. These comprised niches, arched mouldings, columns both 
 insulated and detached, niches, canopies, pedestals, statues, doors, windows, 
 and tracery. At each angle of this elevation is an octangular stair-case tur¬ 
 ret, corresponding in divisions and ornaments with the front; and having 
 the same divisions, &c. returning round the north and south sides. Both 
 turrets are terminated with stunted pinnacles, with crockets at the angles, 
 and finials at the top : and attached to these are square pinnacles, which 
 serve to connect the former to the spires. The upper part of each tower 
 is finished with a band of lozenge mouldings, inclosing quatrefoil and tre¬ 
 foil panels. The spires are divided into six compartments, four of which 
 have open windows, with acute pedimental mouldings in each face, whilst 
 the fifth has only panels separated by crocheted ribs. The upper story is 
 plain, but has some small windows. These spires are open from the bottom 
 to the top, and without any timber or cross beams of any kind. (See 
 Plate IV.) 
 
 By the accompanying plate it will be seen that a series of statues stil 
 remain in niches over the western doors. It is unusual to see a west end of 
 a cathedral without windows to the ailes. In the third story are windows 
 to the belfry floors. The central window, as well as the niche and statue 
 in the pediment, do not harmonize with the other parts of this front. The 
 statue is meant to represent Charles II., and is said to have been executed 
 by a stone-cutter, named Wilson, of Sutton Coldfield, who was knighted 
 for his loyalty. Disfiguring as it does this beautiful front, it is hoped that 
 it will be speedily removed. 
 
 Plate III. View of the ‘principal Door-way in the West Front , which 
 may be regarded as one of the most beautiful designs in the country. It 
 may be compared, in some respects, with the very elegant door-way on the 
 
 e 2 
 
38 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 south side, near the east end of Lincoln Cathedral, 1 which is nearly of the 
 same style and period of erection. Both are peculiarly rich and fanciful, 
 and calculated to excite the warmest admiration. The present door-way 
 was profusely embellished with sculptured foliage, and figures, running 
 round the architrave mouldings, and between the columns. These are 
 now so much battered, that not only their beauty is greatly injured, 
 but it is almost impossible to ascertain the characters of some of the 
 statues. The door-way is divided into two openings, by a clustered 
 column in the middle, to which is attached a figure, said to personify the 
 Virgin Mary. There are also two corresponding statues on each side of 
 the door, standing on beautifully formed brackets, and surmounted by 
 equally beautiful canopies. Stukeley conjectures that these figures 
 were meant for the Evangelists, and that two other statues on the 
 outside of the door-way, represented Moses and Aaron. These are 
 destroyed, as well as their accompanying canopies, See. The two doors 
 are covered and strengthened with ornamental iron hinges, or scroll work, 
 which appear to be original. 2 
 
 Plate IV. Section of the Southern Tower and Spire, of the Nave, and 
 North Aile, also an Elevation of the Eastern Side of the North Towe rand 
 Spire, with Ground Plan. The architect and architectural antiquary will 
 immediately understand the design and construction of this part of the 
 fabric by the annexed plate. It shows the thickness of the south wall of the 
 tower, with the situations of the two windows in it, the return of its octa¬ 
 gon buttress, the floors and timber roof in the tower, with the face of the 
 western wall, and the interior of the spire. This section is made through 
 the centre of the south tower, and continued in the same line to the middle 
 of the nave, when the line of section is taken through the first division and 
 
 1 A view of this door-way will be given in “ The Chronological and Historical Illustrations of the 
 Ancient Architecture of England.” 
 
 2 Mr. Carter made a drawing of this west front for the Gentleman’s Magazine, 1810, in which 
 he represented the statues and ornaments as in a perfect state. He has shown the middle spire 
 lower than those at the west end, as they really appear when the spectator is near the church. 
 In his “Ancient Sculpture and Painting,” folio, 1780, he has given an etching of “ the porch or 
 principal entrance”—and promised to furnish “ a particular description of it,” but never fulfilled his 
 engagement. 
 
CATHEIJX&L ANTIQITTIES. 
 
 PL. IV. 
 
 Drawn by Jos.Potter. 
 
 Enga-aved. "byHie 
 
 Brittsru SLftory Sec of Dr/,,;.-/./ Cathedral 
 
 ILHSMFHISILIS) ©ATM 3 E®SAIL (SIHiraoiI „ 
 
 SECTION &c.#F THE WESTERN TOWERS, 
 
 TO THE MSV” GHAJUL.ES BT7CF.F.RID GE ,D .D . PRECENTOR k CANON RESIDENTIARY OF LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 This Plate 15 msci-ibed hy 
 
 London, TublLrlird, Dco T .i.i8i a , by Longman & C°.?atcmostcr Row. 
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PL.-'V 
 
 CATHEBKAL AOTIQXJITIE 
 
 Drawn, by P. Macke: 
 
 3L H © HE. F HIS ILj ED 
 
 (CSEUmC-lHI, 
 
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 BOOS. -WAT DT N . TRAITSKPT . 
 
 THOMAS LAWmCS.MifflMr®’® ROYAL ACADEMY- OF ENGLAND, See. See. 
 
 This Plate is inscribed "by _q 16 AUTHOlb. 
 
 London, Tublisheti, June 1,iSza . by Zonpmarv Sc C? Tutornaster Tow- 
 
 Pm graved "by J. Le Keux. 
 
DOOR-WAY OF NORTH TRANSEPT. 
 
 39 
 
 window of the north aile. This should have been indicated on the plan, 
 but was omitted by mistake. By the present plate, the real proportion of 
 the arch of the north aile, (and the south is the same,) is displayed, and 
 the section of the arch, with the size of the columns and piers under the 
 tower, are shown. Over the northern pier is a section of the triforium 
 arch, as well as of the clerestory window over it. A profile and elevation 
 of the two buttresses at the north-east corner of the tower, with their 
 plans, are represented; and the design of the eastern face of the north 
 tower and spire, with its panelled and purfled pinnacles, is shown. In 
 the centre we perceive the double doors, with an ogee moulding, an em¬ 
 battled gallery above, and behind that the chief window. This is terminated 
 with a flattened roof, over which is the high pitched roof, with its timber 
 ties. It is also seen, that a lofty wall screen, with an acute pediment and 
 crocketed sides, rises considerably above the roof. 
 
 Plate V. A perspective view of the Door-way in the Northern Transept 
 is a fine and peculiar specimen of this style of architecture. It consists of 
 a deeply recessed arch, divided into five principal and several smaller 
 mouldings, the former of which are charged with sculpture. Two of these 
 consist of foliage, scrolls, See. and the other three are enriched with ovaler 
 compartments, inclosing basso-relievos in groups, of angels, saints, patri¬ 
 archs, See. Among them are two figures supposed to represent St. Chad 
 baptizing the Saxon Prince Wulfere. On each side of the door-way are 
 detached and clustered pillars, with fine foliated capitals, with five rows of 
 ornament, commonly called the dog-tooth moulding. In the centre is a 
 clustered column, composed of four pillars, with a very richly cut capital, 
 and supporting a double archivolt moulding, also covered with foliated 
 sculpture. 
 
 Plate VI. is a view of the whole Church, from the south-east, and 
 displays the general forms and tracery of the windows in the Lady Chapel, 
 the choir, the aile of the choir, the south transept, and the clerestory of 
 the nave. Beneath the windows of the Lady Chapel are three recesses, or 
 arched vaults, with pedimental roofs, and which appear to have constituted 
 sepulchral chambers for some distinguished members of the church. It is 
 
40 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 supposed that Bishop Langton’s remains were finally placed in one of them. 
 The clumsy modern buttresses, to the south transept, are shown conspicu¬ 
 ous, and the lofty crocheted pinnacles to the vestry are also prominent features 
 in this view. The flattened arched window, with several perpendicular 
 mullions, and the circular window, with the small triangular one above, in 
 the gable of the south transept, are all delineated. Beneath the aile window 
 of the transept is an arched recess, containing a mutilated statue. This view 
 has been already noticed. 
 
 Plate VII. View of the Nave , looking east. As the style, or treat¬ 
 ment, of this plate has been objected to, it may be proper to remark, that 
 I directed this view to be drawn and engraved in outline, as a mode best 
 calculated to define and characterize the architectural members of the nave. 
 Here are many lines of columns, mouldings of arches, enriched capitals, 
 and other ornaments; and had these been covered over with colour, for the 
 purpose of imitating the effect and perspective of the scene, the detail of 
 the architecture would have been inevitably obscured and sacrificed by the 
 process. Having seen several interesting architectural subjects spoiled, and 
 the real forms disfigured, by attempts to represent a real perspective and 
 the accidental effects of light and shade in similar scenes, I am convinced 
 that it can only be satisfactorily displayed by an outline, or with a slight 
 degree of shadowing. In subjects with large columns, and plain arches, 
 Ac. as in the nave of Norwich Cathedral, a high degree of finish and 
 bright effect may be successfully and pleasingly employed, without sacri¬ 
 ficing any essential details of the building; but in such a subject as the 
 one now under notice, or the chapels of King’s College, and Henry the 
 Seventh, it would be absurd and unjust to attempt to display, in a small 
 scale, their numerous beautiful members and details, in union with pictu¬ 
 resque effect. 
 
 The Nave of Lichfield Cathedral is a beautiful and interesting part of 
 the Church. Its piers are solid and large, and consist of several attached 
 and insulated shafts, with deep mouldings between. These are raised on 
 bases of many mouldings, and are terminated at top with richly sculptured 
 foliated capitals. From the latter spring the architrave mouldings of the 
 
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 ■ History lee.of Zicfifield C 
 
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 ILHSMIFUISILID) (CATHIE IDL&AJL, (DHTUIECDIBI 
 
TRANSEPT AND CENTRAL TOWER AND SPIRE. 
 
 41 
 
 arches, which are numerous and bold, and produce a fine effect. Between 
 every two arches is a cluster of three demi-columns, rising from the base 
 to the springing of the vaulting, and sustaining five ribs, which diverge to 
 a central rib and to a small transverse one. The two last are ornamented 
 with foliage, and bold rich bosses at the junction of the different ribs. 
 The spandrils of the arches are adorned with trefoil panels. Above these 
 arches is the triforium, each compartment consisting of a double arch, and 
 each arch again divided into two others. The clustered columns, deep 
 arches, rich capitals, and dog-tooth moulding, combine to produce a pecu¬ 
 liarly fine and elegant effect. The elaborately sculptured capitals of the 
 lofty pilaster columns, the ornamented string course, and numerous ribs and 
 mouldings, tend to render this portion of the Church highly interesting and 
 sumptuous, without being overcharged with minute detail. In the clerestory 
 we perceive a triangular window of rather unusual shape and style. Latterly 
 the inner mullions of these windows have been filled in with trefoil mouldings. 
 The interior and exterior elevations of the nave, with the arcade and window 
 of the aile, are shown in Plate IX. c. d. 
 
 Plate VIII. Section of one half, and Elevation of the other half of the 
 Church, from north to south, looking east. This plate shows the forms 
 and designs of the windows of the transepts, both externally and internally, 
 the style of the buttresses, the section of the north aile of the nave, with 
 its roof and flying buttress above, the form of the great arch under the 
 centre tower, with the external and internal peculiarities of that and the 
 spire. Beneath the arch of the tower is the organ screen, with a glazed 
 window above, which separates the nave from the choir, and serves to 
 render the latter more warm and comfortable in winter. It will be seen by 
 this section, that the ground is higher than the level of the floor on the 
 north side, and that there is a descent of some steps on the south side. It 
 also shows that the design of the transepts is very different to that of the 
 nave, in arches, piers, triforium, clerestory windows, &c. 
 
 Plate IX. Elevation of one compartment of the Choir , externally and 
 internally, a. and b., and of the Nave c. and d. The latter has been already 
 described, and the former will be noticed in referring to the next plate. 
 
42 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Plate X. View of the Choir , looking west. For the reasons already 
 assigned, this plate has been executed in outline ; and it must be admitted 
 that the surface of the plate is abundantly covered with work, indicating 
 the mouldings of the arches, clustered columns, &c. The present choir of 
 Lichfield Cathedral is noted for its length and narrowness, the former of 
 which is occasioned by the whole extent from the organ-screen, under the 
 tower, to the east end being an uninterrupted open space : and the latter, 
 by the filling up the side arches to the ailes. These two great innovations 
 in cathedral architecture were advised by Mr. Wyatt, in 1788, and have been 
 much censured by some antiquaries, whilst others approve of the change. 
 Since Mr. Wyatt's time an essential improvement has been adopted, by 
 widening the choir. This celebrated architect had directed a plain walled 
 screen to be raised flush with the inner face of the arches, and thus forming 
 a flat surface on each side of the choir. This wall has been removed, 
 and re-erected farther back ; thus showing nearly the whole of the clustered 
 columns with the soffits of the arches to the choir: the general architec¬ 
 tural design of this part of the Church is accurately delineated in Plate 
 IX. a. b. In this elevation are shown the styles and marks of two distant 
 dates: as the clerestory windows are evidently of a later period than the 
 arches beneath. Here is no triforium in these divisions, but merely blank 
 panelling beneath the windows, with an open ornamented parapet. The 
 jambs and soffits of the windows are adorned with quatrefoil panels ; and 
 thus, as well as in its windows, greatly resemble the choir part of Norwich 
 Cathedral. The groining of the roof nearly corresponds with that of the 
 nave. 
 
 Plate XI. View of the Lady Chapel , looking east. Although this 
 subject is rather elaborate in detail, and abounds with ornaments, yet I 
 was induced to attempt a finished plate, in consequence of the beautiful, 
 delicate, and true effect which the artist had given to his drawing. This 
 Lady Chapel may be regarded as one of the finest and most elegant 
 examples of the ecclesiastical architecture in England. Its semi-octangular 
 form is well adapted to display both its sumptuous painted glass win¬ 
 dows and its numerous and rich sculptured ornaments. The whole is cal- 
 
CATHEDRAL ANTIQUITIES. 
 
 FL.X. 
 

 
Sc jPCjLITE ZlTERATirRE 
 

 
J. BBITTON. 
 


 I© EHFEETLED ©ATMIRID3BAIL ©ETOTSM 
 
VESTIBULE AND CHAPTER-HOUSE. 
 
 43 
 
 culated to seduce and convert even infidelity itself; for cold and callous 
 must that person be, who can contemplate such a scene, and such lessons 
 as here exhibited, without emotions of admiration and some degree of 
 enthusiasm. Here the two branches of art seem to vie with each other for 
 superiority ; Architecture prefers her claim to dignity, beauty, and utility, 
 whilst Painting vaunts her captivating powers of pleasing every eye and 
 fascinating the enlightened mind. This Lady Chapel, or as it may be now 
 termed, the chancel, is of the same height as the choir, and nearly of the 
 same width : it is lighted by nine tall windows, with mullions and varied 
 tracery. Seven are filled with ancient and very fine stained glass; whilst 
 the two nearest to the choir are embellished with modern glass, which 
 appears gaudy and meretricious compared with its elder neighbours. Six 
 of the very elegant sculptured brackets of this chapel are delineated in 
 Plate XIV. This cathedral, like Salisbury, has no crypt beneath, and its 
 pavement is level from east to west, excepting at the altar table, where there 
 are three steps. 
 
 Plate XII. View of the Vestibule , or entrance passage to the chapter 
 house, marked I. in the ground plan. The architecture of this apartment 
 is simple in forms, but from the depth and boldness of the mouldings and 
 ornaments, is calculated to produce very fine effects. The bases, capitals, 
 bosses, &c. are all cut in bold and powerful relief. On the west side is a 
 singular passage, or arcade, of thirteen arches, beneath the windows, the 
 original intention of which is not ascertained: whether to receive the 
 thirteen minor canons or priest-vicars belonging to the cathedral, or for 
 communication with the outside, as there is a small aperture behind each 
 recess in the wall, is not known. The opposite side of the vestibule has 
 eight niches, or spaces between the columns, and suited to receive the 
 eight choristers: and on the same side are entrances to the chapter house 
 and to a staircase leading to the library over it. The niches at the north end, 
 and the plain window above, are modern, and the latter is executed in a very 
 bad style. 
 
 Plate XIII. Arches at the East End of the Chapter House. These are 
 of the same style and date (beginning Henry III.) as the arches in the 
 
 F 
 
44 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 vestibule ; but the capitals and bracket are more profusely enriched, and 
 the outer hollow moulding of the arches is filled with the dog-tooth, 
 ornamented. The capital of the centre column, or clustered columns of the 
 chapter house, is shown, with six brackets, in 
 
 Plate XIV. This capital is very highly ornamented with a series of trefoil 
 leaves, fancifully and variously disposed, and many of them cut in complete 
 relief. The cluster consists of a large central column, with ten smaller 
 detached shafts, resting on a base with many mouldings, and a plinth of ten 
 sides. From the capital diverge twenty ribs, which spread across the roof, 
 and terminate against the exterior walls in thirty ribs. 
 
 Plate XV. Is a View of the Door-way to the Chapter House, with a 
 representation of the interior of that apartment. 
 
 Plate XVI. View of a Monument raised to the memory of two daughters 
 of the Rev. Wm. and Ellen Jane Robinson : the black slab behind the tomb 
 records the decease of the father, who was a prebendary of this cathedra], 
 and died March 21, 1812, aged 35. In a subsequent page will be giv6n a 
 description of this tomb, with remarks on its merits. 
 
CATHEDRAL ATTTI(QHJITIE S . 
 
 PJL.XTV 
 
 I . CAPITAL JIN CHAP ? HOUSE . 2.3.4.5.6. 7. BRACKET S IN I, A PIT CHAPJEJL . 
 THE REV-y JOHN NEWLING. B. D. CANON RESIDENTIARY OF LICHFIELD CATHEDFL'U 
 This Plate is inscribed bv 
 
 • THE AUTHOR. 
 
 z idxp.lo Zxmpman, Ic C? JPiitcn tester Tiew. 
 
 Li'nJ-'n. Tul'Ushed Zulu 
 
CATHEDRAL ANTI QUIT IES, 
 
 PL. XV. 
 
 OHm^SCAT" TO THE (T iffATP TTP.lft TLOUSIE 
 
 TO ROBERT JOHN-HAEEEE.K^ T.SJLas a testimony- ctf respect, This Hate is inscribed, V> 
 Xond/)Tv,Jhiilish£d' DecCi iBig, bylenoman Sc C- Tj-terncster Jtow. 
 
 ‘Ole ATJ THOU 
 
H'EBBAL ANTIOHJITIKS 
 
 VIEW OF A MOKUJMENT 
 
 "byT. L. Chant rey.E s q 5 R. A. 
 
 TO THE VERY REV? JOHN CHATTEL WO OX)HOUSE ,D.I>. DEAN OF LICHFIELD. 
 

 
45 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 ACCOUNT OF THE MONUMENTS AND PAINTED GLASS. 
 
 Perhaps there is not a cathedral in England that has been so completely 
 stripped of its ancient monuments and brasses as that of Lichfield. We 
 look in vain for fine specimens of old monumental sculpture, engravings on 
 brass, and inscriptions. Excepting two mutilated statues of bishops, and 
 two or three other fragments, all have been destroyed. There are, how¬ 
 ever, a few sepulchral memorials which claim attention, for the talents 
 and virtues of the individuals to whom they are raised, rather than for any 
 excellence of sculpture. In noticing the monuments, I cannot neglect 
 the opportunity of reproving the common-place practice of opposing white 
 marble slabs by black backgrounds; and inserting both in the walls, or 
 against the pillars of a fine church. Where an edifice, like Lichfield Cathe¬ 
 dral, presents a general effect of symmetry and harmony, it is painfully 
 offensive to have the eye and attention distracted by spots of black and white 
 —by the obtrusion of subordinate parts on the attention as principals. If 
 monuments be admitted within a fine church, they should be made subser¬ 
 vient to general effects; and, what is still of greater consequence, they 
 should not be indiscriminately inserted in or attached to beautiful and 
 substantial parts of an edifice. It is, however, merely justice to observe, 
 that the present worthy dean and chapter are laudably careful in preserving 
 the stability and beauty of their Cathedral, and I am confident would not, 
 knowingly, permit any thing to be done injurious to its walls or to its archi¬ 
 tectural ornaments. 
 
 It appears by Dugdale’s “ Visitation of Staffordshire,” in the Herald s 
 
 f 2 
 
46 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 College, that this cathedral, previously to the civil wars, contained many 
 handsome tombs, coats of arms, effigies, brasses, and inscriptions. 1 Of these 
 monuments the wrecks, or fragments, of four only remain : viz. a part of an 
 effigy, or statue, representing the human body in an emaciated state, which 
 formed a portion of a large monument, raised to the memory of Dean Heywood, 
 who died in 1492, and who had been a liberal benefactor to the church. 
 The tomb was battered down in the time of the civil wars, but an idea 
 of its character may be formed by a print in Shaw’s Staffordshire, from 
 Dugdale's “ Visitation.” 
 
 A mutilated effigy, placed in the wall of the south aile, supposed to 
 represent Captain Stanley , son of Sir Humphrey Stanley, knight of the 
 body to King Henry the Seventh. Pennant, in his “ Tour from Chester to 
 London,” says that Captain Stanley was excommunicated, but was allowed 
 to receive funeral rites, in holy ground, having evinced signs of repentance, 
 on condition of having his monument distinguished by certain marks of 
 disgrace. 
 
 In the south aile of the choir are two broken effigies, in purbeck marble, 
 of prelates, said to commemorate Bishops Langton and PatesJiulle. These are 
 shown in Plate XVI. but not in the situation in which they are now placed. 
 Gough, in “ Sepulchral Monuments,” vol. i. part 2, has given a plate of 
 these figures, from drawings by J. Carter, and relates some particulars of 
 Langton, p. 84. The former effigy has been finely executed, and had some 
 peculiarities in design. 
 
 In the south wall of the nave are parts of tivo monumental effigies, 
 singularly placed in square holes, and showing only the heads and lower 
 parts of the figures, whilst the bodies, or intermediate parts, are either 
 concealed in the wall, or were never formed. They are said to represent 
 two old canons of the church ; and are evidently of ancient date, as they 
 appear to have been placed in the present situation at the time of building, 
 or finishing the nave. 
 
 The monuments erected since the restoration of Charles the Second are 
 
 1 See also Abingdon’s “ Antiquities of Worcester, with the Antiquities of Lichfield,” 8vo. 1723. 
 
MONUMENTS. 
 
 47 
 
 numerous; and some of them commemorate persons of the first celebrity, 
 while others attest the domestic virtues of individuals whose lives were 
 confined to a more limited sphere of action. Few of them, however, are 
 remarkable for any particular excellence in design or execution. 
 
 In the south aile of the choir is a table monument, sustaining an effigy of 
 Bishop Hacket, who died October 21, 1670. It is placed beneath a window, 
 the soffit of which is ornamented with a profusion of sculptured foliage. 
 On the face of the tomb is an interesting, well written Latin inscription, 
 eulogizing his merits, and recording his preferments ; and stating that the 
 whole was executed by the direction of Sir Andrew Hacket, Knight, the son 
 of the bishop. 
 
 At the western end of the north aile of the choir, is a marble figure of a 
 female, to the memory of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu , with an inscrip¬ 
 tion recording her philanthropic exertions in the introduction of inocula¬ 
 tion for the small pox into this country; by which that fatal disease has 
 for nearly a century been checked in its destructive career. Lady Mary 
 was born at Lichfield, and, whatever were the faults or follies of her private 
 life, her benevolent character and eminent literary talents will always 
 render her memory dear to her native city. “ Her letters,” says Smollett, 
 “ will be an immortal monument to her memory, and will show, as long as 
 the English language endures, the sprightliness of her wit, the solidity of 
 her judgment, the elegance of her taste, and the excellence of her real 
 character.” 
 
 Against the west wall of the north transept is a marble monument, with 
 a statue in relief of a female, by R. Westmacott, with a simple and affect¬ 
 ing inscription to the memory of Mrs. Buckeridge, wife of the Rev. Charles 
 Buckeridge. 
 
 In the east aile of the south transept (called the Dean’s Consistory 
 Court), is a bust of Dr. Samuel Johnson, a native of this city, whose name 
 and memory are commemorated by the inscription, written by the doctor’s 
 friends, “ as a tribute of respect to the memory of a man of extensive 
 learning, a distinguished moral writer, and a sincere Christian.” Had all 
 the admirers of Johnson been content with this moderate and justly 
 
48 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 merited praise, his weaknesses would never have been drawn into that 
 public notoriety, which makes the present generation hesitate to rank 
 him with the truly great. In early life, Johnson attempted to establish a 
 school at Lichfield, for preparing gentlemen for the universities. Of his 
 three pupils, David Garrick vtas one; and, after a short probation, the 
 master and the scholar migrated together to the metropolis, in search of more 
 congenial pursuits. This journey ultimately led the way to fame and 
 fortune for the latter, and literary fame to the former. Their friendship 
 was only terminated by death. Mrs. Garrick erected a cenotaph, after a 
 design by James Wyatt, to her husband, near that of Dr. Johnson, with a 
 bust by Westmacott. 
 
 A fine marble monument with figures, by R. Westmacott, R. A. adjoin¬ 
 ing, attests the extensive charities of Andrew Newton , Esq. a native of 
 Lichfield, who founded a noble institution in the Close for the widows and 
 orphans of clergymen, by a donation of twenty thousand pounds in his life¬ 
 time, and a testamentary bequest to the same amount. Mr. Newton died 
 January 14, 1806, aged 77. 
 
 In a recess of the north transept, against the aile of the choir, is a 
 handsome monument, designed and executed by Mr. Bacon, jun. in 1813. 
 It was erected by order of Miss Ann Seward , who died March 25, 1809, 
 aged 66, to the respective memories of her father, mother, and sister. 2 A 
 female figure, intended to personify filial piety, is represented as weeping 
 
 2 The Rev. Thomas Seward , father of Miss Seward, was a prebendary of Salisbury, a canon 
 residentiary of Lichfield Cathedral, and rector of Eyam, in Derbyshire. He was a poet, as 
 may be seen in Dodsley’s collection, and also edited an edition of Beaumont and Fletcher’s 
 plays in 1750. The poetical and epistolary talents of Miss Seward are rendered familiar to the 
 general reader by an edition of her Poems, in 3 vols. with a biographical preface by Walter 
 ■Scott, Esq.; and of her Letters in 6 vols. The former she bequeathed to the accomplished and 
 exhaustless author of “ Marmion,” &c. &c. and the latter to Mr. Constable, of Edinburgh. 
 Whilst the Poems manifest considerable fancy and facility at versification, the Letters at once 
 characterize the benevolence, weakness, and vanity of the writer. Rhodes, in his interesting 
 work on the “ Peak Scenery of Derbyshire,” happily remarks, “ A fire that sparkles and dazzles, 
 but warms not, pervades the productions of Miss Seward and Dr. Darwin; pictures for the eye, 
 and not the mind, crowd on their respective canvasses, and towards the close of their intimate 
 connexion there was a marvellous assimilation of style and construction of their verse.” 
 
MONUMENTS. 
 
 49 
 
 over a tomb, while her harp hangs on a willow. The inscription, by Mr. 
 Scott, concludes thus, 
 
 “ Honour’d, belov’d, and mourn’d, here Seward lies ; 
 
 Her worth, her warmth of heart, our sorrows say,— 
 
 Go seek her genius in her living lay.” 
 
 In the nave and its ailes, and in the transepts, are many mural tablets, 
 among which is a large slab of marble, placed on the north side of the 
 west door, to the memory of Dean Addison, who died 1703, aged 71. 
 Against the same wall is an inscription to Gilbert Walmesley, Esq. who died 
 August 3, 1751, aged 71 : he was registrar of the ecclesiastical court at 
 Lichfield; and of his learning and abilities Dr. Johnson has passed a very 
 high encomium, in his life of Smith. 3 A plain tablet records the decease 
 of Richard Smallbreoke, D. D. “ who was consecrated Bishop of St. David’s, 
 February 2, 1723; confirmed bishop of this diocese, February 20, 1730, and 
 died December 22, 1749, aged 77.” 
 
 Against the west wall of the north transept is a mural slab, inscribed to 
 the memory of the Rev. Wm. Vyse, LL.D. Chancellor of the diocess of 
 Lichfield and Coventry, &c. who died February 20, 1816, aged 75. 
 
 At the eastern extremity of the south aile is a modern monument, 
 which justly attracts the attention and admiration of all visitors. Though 
 it be not the chief province of this work to animadvert on the produc¬ 
 tions of living artists, yet the present subject has such imperious claims 
 on the critic and historian, that they would neglect their duty, were 
 they to pass it without comment and without praise. It is a small tomb, 
 raised to commemorate the guileless characters and elegant forms of 
 two female children of the Rev. W. Robinson and Ellen Jane, his 
 widow. This memorial may be regarded as original in design, and 
 tasteful in execution; and, as calculated to commence a new era in our 
 national monumental sculpture, must be viewed with exultation by every 
 real lover of art. From the demise of Henry the Eighth to the beginning 
 
 3 See ante, p. 2. 
 
50 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 of the present century, the sculpture of this country has rarely presented any 
 thing admirable or excellent. It has either exhibited a vulgar imitation of 
 vulgar life, in monstrous costume, or tasteless copies of Greek and Roman 
 models. The present age, however, is likely to acquire a better, and indeed 
 a good character, and prove to surrounding nations, that while Britain is 
 justly renowned for science, commerce, and arms, she boldly and confi¬ 
 dently prefers a claim to competition with former ages in her artists. Some 
 departments have certainly failed, either for want of talents or for want of 
 patronage; but the sculptor is now publicly employed and publicly rewarded : 
 and if something truly English, original, and interesting is not produced, 
 we shall still have cause to attribute the failure to the ungenial climate of 
 Britain, or the want of talents in our countrymen. In traversing the abbey 
 church of Westminster, and that of St. Paul’s, we look in vain for tasteful 
 and apposite English sculpture. Almost every subject is disfigured by unin¬ 
 telligible emblems, mythology, and allegory ; and crowded with lions, fames, 
 and angels. It is time this incongruity of composition, this violation of taste, 
 be avoided, and that a little of nature, of Shakspeare, and of England, be 
 substituted in the place. 
 
 To appreciate Mr. Chantrey’s monument fully and justly, we should 
 inquire what has been effected by the sculptor; what is usually done, and 
 what the art is susceptible of. The Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans have 
 certainly left behind them many works of peculiar beauty and excellence; 
 they have also bequeathed to us many pieces of inferior workmanship. In 
 the former we readily perceive their reference to nature as a prototype; 
 and in the latter, the presumptions of art. It is thus with sculptors of the 
 present age : most of them are wholly educated in the school of art—in 
 studying and copying from the antique; whereas the greatest masters of 
 the old world sought beauty of form and truth of expression in the inimit¬ 
 able and diversified face of nature. Hers is an unerring and unmannered 
 school: it is untrammelled by laws and regulations; every student may 
 readily obtain admission into it, and freely pursue the bent and energy of 
 his genius. From this school arose the artist who executed the monument 
 now under notice : he looked at living models and English forms for proto- 
 
CHANTIIEY S SCULPTURE. 
 
 51 
 
 types ; and has skilfully extracted from the shapeless marble the resemblance 
 of two pleasing female figures. These, however, are not common-place forms, 
 nor imitations of Venuses, Graces, or Hebes ;—but they faithfully and feel¬ 
 ingly resemble the persons of young and lovely maidens. These are re¬ 
 presented as lying on a couch ; the head of the eldest impressing the downy 
 pillow, and that of the youngest reclining on the others bosom. One of its 
 arms is beneath her sister’s head, and the other extends over the body. In 
 one hand is a bunch of snow-drops, the blossoms of which are apparently 
 just broken off, but not withered. The faces of both incline towards each 
 other with apparent affection—the eye-lids are closed, and every muscle seems 
 lulled into still and serene sleep : all the other bodily members partake of the 
 same serenity and repose. The arms and the legs, the fingers, and the very 
 toes, are all alike equally slumbering: the drapery is also smooth and 
 unruffled, and is strictly in unison and in harmony with every other part 
 of the design. The whole expression seems to induce silence, caution, and 
 almost breathless solicitude in the observer. A fascinating and pathetic sym¬ 
 pathy is excited ; at least these were the effects and sentiments produced on 
 myself in contemplating it alone, and towards the close of day. Analyzing 
 it as a work of art, and endeavouring to estimate its claims to novelty, 
 beauty, and excellence, I must own that all my powers of criticism were 
 subdued by the more impressive impulses of the heart. With these sensations, 
 and with mingled emotions of admiration at the powerful effects of English 
 art, and the appeals to nature through this medium, I was turning away from 
 the pleasing group, when the plaintive song of a robin, which had perched in 
 the adjoining window, diverted the train of reflection, but touched another 
 chord of the heart, which vibrated in perfect harmony. 4 
 
 Painted Windows .—The magnificent display of stained glass which dis¬ 
 tinguishes this cathedral, cannot fail to attract the admiration of the spec¬ 
 tator. Seven of the principal windows at the east end are enriched with 
 
 4 If the fastidious critic examines these remarks with a wish to find fault with either the sentiment 
 or language, I have only to observe, in explanation, that they were penned in Lichfield Church, on a 
 fine summer evening, and with the monument immediately before me. 
 
 G 
 
52 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 very fine specimens of this exquisite species of decoration. Five of the win¬ 
 dows are filled with scriptural designs, but one on the north side contains 
 several portraits and legendary subjects. They are supposed to be executed 
 from designs of Italian and Flemish masters. In the first compartment of 
 the north-east window, the Annunciation to the Virgin and her visit to 
 Elizabeth are represented; above this are two compartments, representing 
 “ Jesus crowned with thorns, derided, and beaten,” and “ Jesus scourged.” 
 The east window, over the altar-piece, presents two appropriate subjects, 
 “ Jesus with the two disciples at Emmaus,” and the Ascension. In these 
 pieces the figures are of a large size, and are finely designed and drawn; 
 the faces in the Ascension are touched with peculiar force and spirit. The 
 south-east window contains three compartments, enriched with the following 
 subjects, 1. “ Jesus washes his disciples’ feet, and then takes the pascal 
 supper with them.” “ Judas Iscariot goes out to betray him,” (John xiii. 
 4—6.) 2. “ Jesus enters into Jerusalem, and afterwards the Greeks are 
 
 brought to him,” (Mark xi. 7—9.); and 3. “ Jesus betrayed by Judas,” (Luke 
 xxii. 51.) The glass of these pictures has suffered some injury from the 
 attacks of time and weather, but the parts which remain perfect are very fine. 
 The first window on the south side from the east end, contains three subjects, 
 viz. 1. “ The Last Judgment2. “ The Descent of the Holy Ghost upon the 
 Apostles;” and, 3. “ The Incredulity of Thomas reproved.” These are justly 
 admired for composition and execution. The next window, on the same side, 
 is divided into four compartments, which are embellished with 1. “ Pontius 
 Pilate delivering Christ to be crucified,” (Mat. xxvii. 24—27.) 2. “ Jesus 
 going forth to Crucifixion,” (John xix. 17.) 3. “ The Descent from the Cross,” 
 (John xix. 38, 40.) and, 4. “ The Resurrection of Christ,” (Mat. xxviii. 4.) 
 All these are rich in architectural ornaments, and executed after designs of 
 considerable excellence. The two easterly windows, on the north side, are 
 filled with portraits of distinguished characters connected with the abbey of 
 Herckenrode. Among them are said to be Matilda de Lechy, or Lexy, 
 abbess of Herckenrode, in 1532 ; St. Bernard, who was abbot of Clairval 
 in the twelfth century; Humberlina, his sister, and the Emperor Lotharius 
 the Second. In the larger window are Cardinal Evrard, or Erard de la 
 
PAINTED GLASS. 
 
 53 
 
 Marck, enthroned Prince Bishop of Liege, in 1505; Floris, Count Egmont; 
 Maximilian, Count Egmont; John, Count Horn, and his Lady Anne. These 
 portraits, with many shields of arms, are richly emblazoned. 
 
 The westerly, or episcopal window, on the south side, contains the 
 armorial bearings of the Bishops of Lichfield and Coventry, from the period 
 of the Reformation to the present time, impaled with the arms of the see 
 over which each prelate presided at the time of his death. This heraldic 
 window was executed under the direction, and in part from the designs, 
 of the Rev. W. G. Rowland, of Shrewsbury, prebendary of Curborough, 
 by Sir John Betton, of the same place. The expense amounted to £226, 
 of which the Hon. and Right Rev. James Cornwallis, the present bishop, 
 most liberally contributed £163. The westerly window, on the north side, 
 or prebendal window, is divided into three columns; the first containing 
 the arms of the deans and residentiaries, and the second and third those 
 of the prebendaries, who were possessed of stalls during the time this window 
 was under the hands of the respective artists, i. e. from 1806 to 1808 
 inclusive. 
 
 In one compartment of a window in the South Ailc of the Choir, is the por¬ 
 trait of a knight worshipping, supported by St. Hubert, the patron of hunters. 
 Another compartment contains the armorial bearings of the same knight; and 
 between those compartments is a beautiful picture of a dead Christ, lying in 
 the arms of a venerable old man; a dove, encircled with celestial glories, 
 hovers near; the whole is intended to symbolize the sacred Trinity. 
 
 The Window at the extremity of the North Aile presents figures of a knight 
 and his lady, between whom is St. Christopher, with the infant Jesus. In 
 that of the TAearis Consistory Court is seen Mary Magdalen, embracing the 
 cross upon Mount Calvary. 
 
 It is to be regretted that no historical information on the subject of these 
 fine productions of the art of glass-staining, was ever obtained from the abbey 
 of Herckenrode. 5 
 
 5 The foregoing account is abridged from a very useful and well written pamphlet, entitled 
 “ A short Account of Lichfield Cathedral, more particularly of the Painted Glass,” &c. Lichfield, 
 2d edit. 1818. 
 
 G 2 
 
54 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 The great Window of the North Transept is decorated with stained glass, 
 presented by the very Rev. Dr. Woodhouse, the present dean. The principal 
 founders and patrons of this cathebral are here presented standing on pedestals, 
 under lofty canopies of tabernacle-work ; viz. Oswy, King of Northumberland; 
 St. Ceadda; Offa, King of Mercia ; King Stephen; Roger de Clinton ; King 
 Richard L; King John; Walter de Langton; and the worthy Bishop Hackett. 
 The original designs for this window were made by John James Halls, Esq.; 
 the architectural ornaments by the Rev. W. G. Rowland, and the glass is 
 painted by Sir John Betton. The same artists are now engaged on a corres¬ 
 ponding decoration for the great window of the south transept, exhibiting 
 eighteen figures of the most distinguished characters and inspired writers in 
 the Old and New Testament. 
 
 The great Western Window was restored by King James II. when Duke of 
 York, whose arms are seen in the centre. It was afterwards filled with painted 
 glass, the work of Brookes, by the legacy of Dr. Addenbroke, who died dean 
 of this Cathedral, in 1776. 
 
55 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANECDOTES OF THE BISHOPS OF LICHFIELD AND 
 
 COVENTRY. 
 
 The preceding chapters comprise notices of those bishops of Lichfield, who 
 are more immediately connected with the structure of the cathedral. Several 
 of the prelates who have thus been mentioned, were among the most conspi¬ 
 cuous characters of their times ; while the names of others, to whose pastoral 
 care this diocess has successively devolved, though little distinguished in its 
 local and particular history, are associated with reminiscences of historical, 
 literary, and moral interest. To preserve and disseminate a few anecdotes of 
 these is the object of the present chapter. 
 
 The devotion and sanctity of Ceadda, and the superstition of his votaries 
 have had their full share of notice, and leave nothing material to be related 
 of the other Saxon bishops. With respect to their successors, under the 
 Norman dynasty, having noticed the rapacity of De Lymesey and the 
 munificence of De Clinton, we proceed to a signal instance of the tyranny 
 and avarice of Richard I. in his conduct to Bishop Hugh de Nonant. 
 This prelate had the misfortune to be brother to Robert de Nonant, who 
 was implicated in the measures of John, Earl of Morton (afterwards king) 
 for prolonging the imprisonment of Richard. When the latter obtained 
 his freedom, he immured Robert de Nonant for life in the castle of Dover, 
 and after depriving Hugh of his bishopric, banished him from England. 
 The prelate was afterwards allowed to purchase restitution to his dignity, 
 at the price of five thousand marks ; but could never regain the royal 
 favour. 1 It is obvious that blame must attach to the monarch in this 
 
 1 Anglia Sacra, pars i. p. 436. 
 
56 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 transaction. If the bishop was a traitor, he was unfit for the ecclesiastical 
 dignity; and the money obtained from him was an infamous extortion. If 
 he was innocent, the king’s conduct was wholly inexcusable. The death 
 of the bishop, as related by Giraldus, affords a remarkable instance of the 
 spurious piety of the age, which consisted almost entirely in watching, 
 fasting, corporeal discipline, and other outward austerities. Some authors 
 affirm that this bishop repented deeply of his former severity towards the 
 monks; but Giraldus says nothing on the subject; and it is probably a 
 fabrication. 
 
 Alexander de Stavenby, or Savensby, was more fortunate under similar 
 suspicions in the reign of Henry III. Being suspected as an accomplice 
 in the ambitious schemes of the Earl Marshal, he solemnly passed sentence 
 of excommunication against all persons who entertained any treasonable 
 designs; and this proceeding served materially to ingratiate him with the 
 king. 2 
 
 Walter de Langton has already been noticed as one of the chief 
 benefactors to Lichfield Cathedral. In the reign of Edward I., he was High- 
 Treasurer of England; and enjoyed the esteem and confidence of that 
 monarch. But the dissolute heir apparent (afterwards Edward II.) became 
 his inveterate enemy. The worthy bishop had endeavoured to restrain the 
 boundless prodigality of that prince, and had censured the profligacy of his 
 manners: these were offences which the degenerate prince was incapable of 
 forgetting, and he employed the basest means to obtain revenge. A false 
 accusation was preferred against the bishop, through which he not only 
 lost the king’s favour, and the office of treasurer, but was put to immense 
 expense in defending himself at the court of Rome, where charges against 
 rich bishops were eagerly encouraged. 3 The cause was referred to the 
 Archbishop of Canterbury, by whom Langton was acquitted. He re¬ 
 gained the king’s favour, and was reinstated in his offices. In his conduct 
 
 2 Godwin, de Praesulibus Angliae, p. 316. 
 
 3 They knew him to be a particularly fat ox: Noverant ipsuni prae multis bovem valde pinguem. 
 Matt. Westm. 
 
BISHOPS LANGTON, STRETTON, AND SCROPE. 57 
 
 towards the prince, lie persevered fearlessly and inflexibly; and particularly 
 reprehended his equivocal connexion with Piers Gaveston. On the death 
 of Edward I., who evinced his esteem for Langton by appointing- him his 
 executor, the infamous Gaveston was recalled from exile, and he soon 
 obtained from the new king an opportunity of indulging his resentment 
 against the bishop. The latter was imprisoned, deprived of his offices and 
 goods, and compelled to answer fabricated charges, impeaching both his 
 ecclesiastical and civil administration, and supported by suborned witnesses. 
 Although he was never convicted on any of these prosecutions, he did not 
 obtain his freedom for several years. Yet, after his restoration to liberty 
 and his bishopric, when the nobility and clergy of the realm combined 
 against the favourite Gaveston, and demanded his punishment, the Bishop 
 of Lichfield alone refused to join in their declarations. This instance of 
 liberality and loyalty overcame the animosity of Edward. He restored the 
 bishop to the office of treasurer, which he enjoyed in tranquillity to the time 
 of his death. 
 
 Robert Stretton, chaplain to Edward the Black Prince, was, through 
 the interest of his royal patron, consecrated bishop of this see in 1360. This 
 man was so grossly illiterate, that another person was obliged to read his 
 profession of obedience, because he himself could not read. 4 
 
 Bishop Scjrope’s name is distinguished in English history on account of 
 the share he took in the unfortunate insurrection against Henry IV. This 
 event happened after his translation to York. He was beheaded in 1405 ; 
 and from the justice of the cause for which he suffered, his fortitude, and 
 piety, he was long revered as a martyr. From his time to that of Bishop 
 Rowland Lee, nothing particularly interesting appears relative to the 
 Bishops of Lichfield. The latter prelate solemnized the marriage of King 
 Henry VIII. with Ann Boleyn, in the nunnery of Sopewell, near St. 
 Alban's. He was appointed to this see in 1534, and soon afterwards became 
 President of Wales, which principality was, during his administration, in¬ 
 corporated with England. The establishment of the see of Chester, and 
 
 4 Godwin de Praesul. Ang-1. p. 320. 
 
58 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 consequent reduction of the limits of this diocess, which happened in this 
 bishop’s time, have already been noticed. During the establishment of the 
 reformed religion, he had the mortification to see his noble Cathedral of 
 Coventry entirely destroyed, notwithstanding his earnest remonstrances. 
 
 Bishop Sampson, his successor, was compelled by King Henry VIII. to 
 alienate many manors belonging to this see, in exchange for impropriations of 
 inadequate value. He was confined for some time in the Tower of London, 
 on a charge of affording pecuniary assistance to some persons who had been 
 imprisoned for questioning the king's supremacy. 
 
 The succeeding prelate, Ralph Bayne, was one of the furious partizans 
 who excited and directed the sanguinary zeal of Queen Mary. Two women 
 are named by Fuller as among the numerous victims of his cruelty. On the 
 accession of Elizabeth, he refused to administer the sacrament to her, by 
 which refusal, according to act of Parliament, he was ipso facto deprived of 
 his episcopacy. He died soon afterwards of the stone, at Islington, and was 
 succeeded by Thomas Bentiiam. On the accession of Mary this prelate 
 was ejected from his fellowship at Magdalen College, on account of his 
 adherence to the reformed church ; and retiring to Zurich and afterwards to 
 Basil, became an eminent preacher among the English exiles. He returned 
 when the Protestant interest again triumphed, and was promoted by Queen 
 Elizabeth to this see. 
 
 George Abbot, elected in 1609, continued but one year in this see, 
 whence he was translated to London ; and almost immediately afterwards to 
 Canterbury. He was a man of mild temper and moderation, and has there¬ 
 fore been represented by the court writers as wholly unfit for supporting the 
 dignity and security of the established church in those turbulent times of 
 sectarian faction. 5 
 
 Richard Neile, or Neyle, Bishop of Rochester, succeeded Bishop 
 Abbot in this see. He was high in favour with James I., in whose Ar- 
 minian principles he participated. He became particularly severe against 
 the rigid Calvinists, and, while bishop of this see, condemned one of them 
 
 5 Le Neve’s Account of Protestant Bishops, vol. i. p. 89. 
 
BISHOPS MORTON, FREWEN, AND HACKET. 59 
 
 to the flames. On the 13th of June, 1629, the Commons voted “ that Dr. 
 Neile (then) Bishop of Winchester, and Dr. Laud, Bishop of Bath and 
 Wells, be named to be those near and about the king who are suspected 
 to be Arminians ; and that they are justly suspected to be unsound in their 
 opinions that way.” Soon afterwards Bishop Neile was accused by Oliver 
 Cromwell of countenancing some popish divines. But, notwithstanding 
 these accusations, he was afterwards elevated to the dignity of Archbishop 
 of York. 6 
 
 Thomas Morton, Bishop of Chester, was translated to this see in 1618. 
 In the reign of Elizabeth, he was chaplain to Lord Huntingdon, Lord Presi¬ 
 dent of the North, and in that capacity became celebrated for his zeal and 
 acuteness in disputation with the Popish recusants. He presided over this 
 diocess till the year 1632, when he was translated to the bishopric of Durham. 
 The famous impostor, commonly called “ the boy of Bilson,” was detected, in 
 1644, by the keen penetration of this prelate, after baffling the investigations 
 of many eminent persons. 
 
 Accepted Frewen was next consecrated to this see, but on account of 
 the civil commotions and revolution which ensued, lived in retirement with 
 Charles II. till the restoration of monarchy and episcopacy. 
 
 The name of the succeeding bishop, John Hacket, is justly famous in 
 the history of Lichfield, as the great restorer of the cathedral. He was 
 born in 1592, and educated at Westminster school, whence he went to 
 Trinity College, Cambridge. He was patronized by the Lord Keeper, 
 Williams, afterwards Archbishop of York, whose life he wrote at great 
 length, from a grateful wish to vindicate the memory of that distinguished 
 man from party aspersions. Hacket was, in 1640, appointed one of the sub¬ 
 committee for settling the peace of the church, and spoke eloquently on 
 that occasion at the bar of the House of Commons. When the use of the 
 liturgy was prohibited under severe penalties, Hacket continued to read it 
 in his church of St. Andrew, Holborn. A serjeant, with a file of men, 
 was sent to arrest him during service, and ordered him to desist on pain 
 
 6 Le Neve’s Protestant Bishops, p. 136. See “ History, &c. of Winchester Cathedral.” 
 
 II 
 
60 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 of instant death. “ Soldier,” said Hacket, “ I am doing my duty, do you 
 do yours and intrepidly continued the service, unmolested by the 
 
 soldiers, who were overawed by his firmness. When a bishopric was first 
 offered to him, he declined it, saying, “ he had rather future times should 
 ask why Dr. Hacket had not a bishopric, than why he had one.” Soon 
 after his elevation to the see of Lichfield, he received a visit from Christo¬ 
 pher Comyns, rector of Norbury, in Staffordshire. This gentleman was 
 noted for a profane expression, which he frequently used before the Restora¬ 
 tion, viz. that hell ivas paved with bishops' skulls; Dr. Hacket thus good- 
 humouredly addressed him, “ I hear you have often said that hell is paved 
 with bishops’ skulls, I desire you to tread lightly upon mine when you 
 come there !” 7 He is thus described by Lord Lyttleton, in his Persian 
 Letters : “ In the first place he resides constantly on his diocess, and has 
 done so for many years ; he asks nothing of the court for himself and 
 family; he hoards up no wealth for his relations, but lays out the revenues 
 of his see in a decent hospitality, and a charity void of ostentation. At 
 his first entrance into the world he distinguished himself by a zeal for the 
 liberty of his country, and had a considerable share in bringing on the 
 revolution that preserved it. His principles were never altered by his pre¬ 
 ferment ; he never prostituted his pen, nor debased his character, by party 
 disputes or blind compliance. Though he is warmly serious in the belief 
 of his religion, he is moderate to all who differ from him ; he knows no 
 distinction of party, but extends his good offices alike to Whig and Tory ; a 
 friend to virtue under any denomination; an enemy to vice under any 
 colours. His health and old age are the effects of a temperate life and 
 quiet conscience : though he is now some years above fourscore, nobody 
 ever thought he lived too long, unless it was out of impatience to succeed 
 him.” 8 
 
 Thomas Wood and William Lloyd were, after the decease of Bishop 
 
 7 This anecdote, it is believed, has never before been printed. It is taken from Loxdale’s 
 Staffordshire Collections, in the possession of Wm. Hamper, Esq. of Birmingham; to whom the 
 author is indebted for this extract, and for many other literary favours. 
 
 8 Vol. i. p. 309. 
 
BISHOPS FROM 1688 TO 1774 . 
 
 61 
 
 Hacket, successively appointed to this see ; the latter was one of the seven 
 bishops who opposed the reading of the paper called “ the declaration for 
 liberty of conscience,” for which they were committed to the Tower by 
 James II. but triumphantly delivered by the verdict of a jury. 
 
 Bishop John Hough is memorable for his intrepid resistance to the tyranny 
 and bigotry of James II. The presidentship of Magdalen College, Oxford, 
 being vacant, the king issued an illegal mandate, requiring the fellows to elect 
 Anthony Farmer. They determined to resist this arbitrary encroachment, 
 and after proper remonstrances, proceeded legally and regularly to choose 
 Mr. Hough. H e was, however, forcibly ejected by the king’s commissioners, 
 and nearly all the fellows of the college were expelled in consequence of their 
 refusal to submit to these despotic proceedings. But in the following year, 
 1688, the abject tyrant, sensible of his impending fall, and meanly anxious to 
 preserve his crown, restored Dr. Hugh and the fellows who had been deprived. 
 Soon after the Revolution he was nominated Bishop of Oxford, and in 1699 
 translated hither. 9 
 
 Edward Chandler was nominated to this see in 1717. He was a prelate 
 of great erudition, and distinguished himself as a learned and able defender 
 of Christianity in the controversy with Collins, the champion of the Free¬ 
 thinkers. His successor, Richard Smallbroke, was also distinguished as 
 a controversial writer. Besides his works against Dodwell and Whiston, he 
 published a “Vindication of our Saviour’s Miracles, in Answer to the Objec¬ 
 tions of Mr. Woolston,” London, 1729, 8vo. He died in 1749, and was 
 succeeded by Frederick Cornwallis, brother of the first Earl Cornwallis. 
 In 1768, this prelate being advanced to the see of Canterbury, John Egerton, 
 Bishop of Bangor, was translated to this see, whence he was appointed, in 
 1771, to the diocess of Durham. He was succeeded by the Honourable 
 Brownlow North, brother of the late Lord North, afterwards Earl of 
 Guildford. In 1774, this prelate was translated to Worcester, and afterwards 
 advanced to Winchester. 
 
 9 His life has been published, with many valuable letters and documents, by John Wilmot, 
 Esq. F. R. S. and F.S.A. 4to. 1812. 
 
62 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Richard Hurd, the late bishop of this diocess, was an eminent literary 
 character. He received the rudiments of his education at Brewood grammar 
 school, and completed it at Emanuel College, Cambridge. Soon after his 
 ordination he successively produced several learned critical works. His 
 commentary on the “Ars Poetica” of Horace, in which he introduced some 
 compliments to Mr. Warburton, procured him the friendship of that author, 
 which continued during their lives, and materially affected Mr. Hurd's 
 opinions, as well as his style of controversial writing, which became truly 
 Warburtonian in its asperity. In 1756 he was entitled to the rectory of 
 Thurcaston, as senior fellow of Emanuel College. At this living he long 
 resided, and there continued his literary labours. In 1762, the Lord Chan¬ 
 cellor Northington gave him the sinecure rectory of Folkton, near Bridlington, 
 Yorkshire; and a few years afterwards he became preacher of Lincoln’s 
 Inn and Archdeacon of Gloucester. In 1775, through the recommendation 
 of Lord Mansfield, he was promoted to this bishopric. In the following 
 year he was appointed preceptor to their Royal Highnesses the Prince of 
 Wales and the Duke of York ; and, 1781, he was translated to the see of 
 Worcester. On the death of Dr. Cornwallis, in 1783, the Archbishopric 
 of Canterbury was offered to Dr. Hurd, which he declined, on account of the 
 political distractions of the times. He died on the 28th of May, 1808, in 
 his 89th year. In 1810 his works were published in 8 volumes 8vo. They 
 consist of criticism, moral and political dialogues, sermons, and controversial 
 tracts. 11 
 
 The present Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, the Honourable James 
 Cornwallis, L.L. D. third son of Earl Cornwallis, was educated at Eton, 
 and became fellow of Merton College, Oxford. He was chaplain to Marquis 
 Townsend, when Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; Prebendary of Westminster; 
 Rector of Wrotham, in Kent; and of Newington, in Oxfordshire. In 1775 he 
 was made Dean of Canterbury, and succeeded to the deanery of Windsor in 
 1791, which, in 1794, he exchanged for that of Durham. 
 
 11 Life of Bishop Hurd, prefixed to his works. “ Letters from an Eminent Prelate to one of his 
 Friends,” i.e. Bishop Warburton to Bishop Hurd. 8vo. 1809. 
 
THE DATES AND STYLES 
 
 Of the different parts of the cathedral, though not ascertained by records 
 or historical evidence, may be inferred from what has been adduced in 
 the course of the preceding pages, and by comparing their distinguishing 
 features with corresponding styles in other buildings. Bishop de Clinton 
 is generally represented to be the founder and even builder of the greater 
 
 part of the present church, but we are not justified in attributing any 
 
 of the architectural members to him, or to his prelacy. The oldest 
 
 parts are the lower portions of the transepts, with three divisions in the 
 
 ailes of the choir, the vestry (formerly the sacristy) on the south side , and 
 the vestibule and chapter house on the north side. Though these were 
 probably commenced by De Clinton, they were certainly not far advanced 
 before the beginning of the thirteenth century ; as the arches, columns, 
 and ornaments correspond in forms, See. with many parts of churches 
 built about that time. We shall not be likely to err in assigning them to 
 the prelacies of Bishops Nonant and Stavenby, i. e. from 1188 to 1224. 
 Soon afterwards the choir and nave were progressively raised, and most 
 likely by Bishop Pateshulle, about 1235, as we have seen that a license 
 was granted by King Henry III. for the conveyance of stone. We have 
 very satisfactory evidence that the Lady Chapel was raised by Bishop 
 Langton, about 1300. The central and western towers and spires were 
 erected very nearly at the same time. An alteration appears to have been 
 next made by inserting a new and enlarged tier of clerestory windows into 
 the choir, most probably in the early part of the reign of Edward III. 
 
 Library. — Immediately over the chapter house is an apartment corres¬ 
 ponding in form and style with the chapter house, and appropriated to the 
 library. It contains ten bookcases, decorated with the arms of the munifi¬ 
 cent donors of their valuable contents. Among the most ancient and 
 curious volumes in this collection are the MSS. called “ Textus S. Ceddcef 
 or St. Chad's Gospels, a large 4to, volume of vellum. This curious 
 manuscript, which tradition attributes to the pen of St. Gildas, is supposed 
 to have been written before 720. It appears to have once belonged to the 
 
64 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 church of Llandaff, and to have been afterwards used by the Saxons for 
 administering oaths and confirming donations. It is ornamented with 
 several grotesque illuminations, and the initial letters of each gospel are 
 decorated in a style particularly fanciful and curious. 
 
 Here is also a fine folio copy, on vellum, of “ Chaucers Canterbury 
 Tales in good preservation : the initial letters are coloured and gilt, and 
 those at the beginning of each tale are highly ornamented. The Ploughman’s 
 Tale, which Mr. Tyrrwhit pronounced to be spurious, does not appear in this 
 volume. 
 
 A copy of the “ Valor, or Taxatio , of Pope Nicholas TV” is here in a 
 perfect state, with the exception of a few leaves at the end. This taxation 
 was made in 1291, for carrying into effect a grant to King Edward I. of the 
 tenth of all ecclesiastical revenues, towards defraying the charges of prosecu¬ 
 ting the holy war. The present copy contains several entries which do not 
 appear in that published by Parliament. 
 
 A fine Koran, taken from the Turks at Buda, and presented to this cathe¬ 
 dral by the Rev. Ben. Marshall. 
 
 “ Dives and Pauper," a treatise on the decalogue, in MS. It was 
 printed in folio by Pynson in 1483, and again by Wynkyn de Worde in 
 1496. 1 
 
 “ Orders generally to be observed of the whole household of the prince 
 his highness:” being a large folio volume, engrossed on vellum, and marked 
 at every head with the sign manual of King Charles I. This was undoubt¬ 
 edly the official book of the chamberlain of the prince’s household. 
 
 A MS. presentation copy, to the Earl of Hertford, of the comedy of “ The 
 English Moore, or the Mock Marriage,” by Richard Brome. 
 
 A volume of MSS. superscribed “ Cantaria Sancti Blasii; Ordinatio Majis- 
 tri Thomae Heywood, decani Eccles. Lich. de et super Cantaria Jesu et Sancta 
 Anne in parte boreali eccles Lich et de pensione Capellani ibidem perpetuo 
 celebraturi et aliis articulis,"’ &c. The volume also contains copies of several 
 deeds, &c. bearing the dates from 1471 to 1474. 
 
 1 Brit. Biblio. iv. 129, and Dibdin’s Typog'. Ant. ii. 67 and 401. There is also an imperfect 
 copy in the Harleian Collection, No 149. 
 
A CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF THE BISHOPS OF LICHFIELD, &c. 
 
 WITH 
 
 CONTEMPORARY KINGS OF ENGLAND, AND POPES. 
 
 No. 
 
 BISHOPS. 
 
 Consecrated or Installed. 
 
 Died or Translated. 
 
 Buried at 
 
 Kings. 
 
 Pqpes. 
 
 
 
 ANGLO-SAXON DYNASTY. 
 
 
 
 
 OF THE MERCIANS. 
 
 
 To . 
 
 
 OF MERCIA 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 . 656 
 
 . . .658 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 . 658 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 .659 
 
 _“.662 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Vitalian. 
 
 
 OF LICHFIELD. 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 . . 669 
 
 .672 
 
 Lichfield... 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 . 672 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 ... 674 
 
 ...‘.691 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 . 691 
 
 
 
 
 
 Q 
 
 
 . 721 
 
 . 737 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 . 737 
 
 .752 
 
 
 
 
 u 
 
 
 . 752 
 
 . 765 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 .. 768 
 
 
 Offa .. 
 
 Paul I 
 
 1 3 
 
 
 . 768 
 
 .785 
 
 
 Offa. 
 
 
 11 
 
 
 . 785 
 
 . 786 
 
 
 Offa. 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 . 786 
 
 .812 
 
 
 Offa. 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 . 812 
 
 
 
 
 Leo III. 
 
 
 
 
 
 OF ENGLAND. 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 . 857 
 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 . 867 
 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 Kynebertb, or Cinebert 
 
 
 
 
 $ Ethelbald, Ethel- ^ 
 i bert, Ethelred.. .. \ 
 
 Adrian II. 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 . 920 
 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 Aille . 
 
 
 . 944 
 
 
 
 John X 
 
 22 
 
 
 .944 
 
 . 960 
 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 
 . 960 
 
 . 974 
 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 
 .974 
 
 . 992 
 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 .1007 
 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 John XVIII 
 
 27 
 
 
 .1020 
 
 .1027 
 
 
 
 Benedict VIII, 
 
 28 
 
 
 .1027 
 
 .1038 
 
 
 
 John XIX 
 
 20 
 
 
 .1038 
 
 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 
 .1054 
 
 .1 066 
 
 
 } Edward Confes- ) 
 
 Leo IX. 
 
 
 
 
 ( sor, Harold.$ 
 
 
 
 NORMAN DYNASTY. 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 [See removed to Chester .] 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 32 
 
 
 .1088 
 
 
 
 
 Urban 11. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
66 
 
 A CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF BISHOPS, ETC. 
 
 No. 
 
 BISHOPS. 
 
 OF COVENTRY AND 
 LICHFIELD. 
 
 Robert Peche. 
 
 Roger de Clinton. 
 
 Walter Durdent... 
 
 36 Richard Peche ... 
 
 37 Gerard LaPucelle, or Paella 
 
 38jHugh de Nonant.. 
 
 39jGeoffry de Muschamp. 
 
 4o|William de Cornhull . 
 
 4LAlexander de Stavenby .... 
 42jHugh de Pateshulle. 
 
 43:Rogerde Weseham. 
 
 44'Roger de Meyland . 
 
 45 Walter de Langton . 
 
 46 Roger de Norburg .. 
 
 47 j Robert Stretton. 
 
 48 Walter Skirlaw 1 .... 
 
 49jRichard Scrope , 
 50 John Brughill . 
 
 51 John Catrieke, or Keterich.. 
 
 52 William Heyworth .. 
 
 53 William Bothe . 
 
 54 Nicolas Cloose. 
 
 55[Reginald Bolars . 
 
 56 John Halse... 
 
 51 
 
 William Smi h 
 
 5S|John Arundell 
 
 Consecrated or Installed. 
 
 From 
 
 March 13, 1121 
 ..Dec. 22, 1129 
 .. Oct. 22, 1149 
 
 Died or Translated. 
 
 To . 
 
 .Aug. 22, 1127 
 
 _16 Cal. May, 114S 
 
 .Dec. 7, 1161 
 
 Buried at 
 
 Coventry 
 
 Antioch 
 
 Coventry 
 
 SAXON LINE RI.STORED. 
 
 .. .Sept. 25, 
 .2 Cal. Feb. 
 ... June21, 
 ... Jan. 25, 
 . April 14, 
 ... July 1, 
 
 ... Jan. 1, 
 
 . March 10, 
 ... Dec. 22, 
 .. .June 27, 
 .. .Sept.27, 
 
 ... Jan. 14, 
 
 .Aug. 19, 
 
 Landaff.Sept. 
 
 St. David’s.. May, 1415 
 
 .Nov. 28, 1420 
 
 .July 10, 1447 
 
 _......Aug. 30, 1452 
 
 Hereford.. Feb. 7, 1453 
 ....Nov. 25, 1459 
 
 1162. Oct. 6, 1182 
 
 1183.Jan. 13, 1184 
 
 1188. April 27, 1198 
 
 1198. Oct. 6, 1208 
 
 1215. Sept. 14, 1223 
 
 1224 ..Dec. 26, 1238 
 
 1240 . Dec. 8, 1241 
 
 i Resigned,Dec 4,1256 ) 
 1240 ( Died..May 20,1257 * 
 
 1258 . .Dec. 16, 1295 
 
 1296 .Nov. 16, 1321 
 
 1322 . Dec. 1359 
 
 1360 .March 28, 1385 
 
 1386 Durham.. Aug. 18, 1386 
 
 1386 York.July 6, 1398 
 
 1398 ..May, 1414 
 
 LANCASTRIAN LINE. 
 
 Exeter.. ..Nov, 20, 1419 
 
 . April 10, 1446 
 
 York.... June 21, 1452 
 
 . Oct. 1452 
 
 .1459 
 
 .Sept. 30, 1490 
 
 Stafford . 
 
 Coventry. 
 
 Caen in Normandy 
 
 Lichfield .. 
 
 Lichfield. 
 
 Lichfield ....... 
 
 Lichfield . .. 
 
 Lichfield. 
 
 Lichfield. 
 
 Lichfield. 
 
 Lichfield. 
 
 Lichfield. 
 
 Durham .. 
 
 York . 
 
 Lichfield. 
 
 Southwell 
 Lichfield . 
 Lichfield . 
 Lichfield. 
 
 UNION OF YORK AND LANCASTRIAN FAMILIES. 
 
 59iGeoffry Blythe.. .......... Sept. 20,1503 
 
 OOlRoland Lee .... 
 61 Richard Sampson 
 62JRalph Bane .... 
 63'Thomas Bentham 
 
 64 William Overton 
 
 65 George Abbot .. 
 
 66 
 
 67 
 
 68 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 Richard Neill ... 
 John Overall.... 
 Thomas Morton.. 
 Robert Wright .. 
 Accepted Frewen 
 
 .April, 1492 
 Nov. 6, 1496 
 
 Lincoln 
 Exeter.. 
 
 .June 29, 
 
 , 1495 
 1502 
 ,1533 
 
 . April 19, 1534 
 
 Chichester,March 12,1542 
 
 .Nov. 18, 1554 
 
 .March 24, 1559 
 
 .Sept. 18, 1580 
 
 . Dec. 3, 1609 
 
 REFORMATION. 
 
 .Jan. 24, 1544 
 
 .Sept.25, 1554 
 
 Deprived .1559 
 
 .Feb. 21, 1578 
 
 .April, 1609 
 
 London .1609 
 
 UNION OF ENGLISH AND SCOTCH CROWNS. 
 
 Henry I.Calixtus II 
 
 Henry I. 
 Stephen 
 
 Henry II. . 
 Henry II. . 
 Henry II. . 
 Richard I. . 
 
 John . 
 
 Henry III. . 
 Henry III. . 
 
 Henry III. . 
 
 Henry III. . 
 Edward I. . 
 Edward II . 
 Edward III. 
 
 Richard II.. 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 London 
 
 Lichfield 
 
 Shrewsbury 
 
 London . 
 Eccleshall 
 Eccleshall 
 Guildford 
 
 Rochester.... Sept. 1610 
 
 ..April 3, 1614 
 
 Chester.. March 6, 1618 
 Bristol... .Nov. 28, 1632 
 .April, 1644 
 
 
 York . 
 
 James I. 
 
 Norwich..Sept. 30, 1618 
 Durham.... J uly 2, 1632 
 .1646 
 
 
 James I. 
 
 Eastern Mauduit 
 
 James I. 
 
 Charles I. ...... 
 
 York.Oct. 11, 1660 
 
 
 Charles I. ...... 
 
 
 
 
 Kings. 
 
 Richard II. 
 Richard II. 
 
 Popes. 
 
 Henry V. 
 Henry V. 
 Henry VI. 
 Henry VI. 
 Henry VI. 
 Henry VI. 
 
 Henry VII. 
 Henry VII. 
 Henry VIL 
 
 Henry VIII 
 Henry VIII 
 
 Mary . 
 
 Elizabeth . 
 Elizabeth . 
 James I. ... 
 
 Honorius II. 
 Eugenius III 
 
 Alexander III. 
 Lucius III. 
 Clement III. 
 Innocent III. 
 Innocent III. 
 Honorius III. 
 Gregory IX. 
 
 Innocent IV. 
 
 Alexander IV. 
 Boniface VIII. 
 John XXII. 
 Innocent VI. 
 t Urban VI. 
 j Clement VII. 
 S Urban VI. 
 
 ( Clement VII. 
 Benedict XIII. 
 
 Benedict XIII. 
 Martin V. 
 Nicholas V. 
 Nicholas V. 
 Nicholas V. 
 Pius II. 
 
 Alexander VI. 
 Alexander VI. 
 Pius III. 
 
 Clement VII. 
 
 1 A Memoir of this prelate, by J. Crosse, Esq. is given in the Architectural Antiquities, vol. iv. p. 128. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF BISHOPS, ETC 
 
 67 
 
 No. BISHOPS 
 
 Consecrated or Installed 
 
 OF LICHFIELD AND 
 COVENTRY. 
 
 From 
 
 To 
 
 Died or Translated 
 
 Buried at 
 
 Kings. 
 
 71 
 
 72 
 
 73 
 
 74 
 
 75 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 
 80 
 81 
 
 John Hacket. 
 
 Thomas Wood . 
 
 William Lloyd . 
 
 John Hough . 
 
 Edward Chandler .... 
 Richard Smallbroke.. 
 Hon. F. Cornwallis .. 
 
 John Egerton. 
 
 Hon. Brownlow North 
 
 Richard Hurd . 
 
 Hon. J. Cornwallis .. 
 
 .Dec. 22, 1661 
 
 . July 2, 1671 
 
 St. Asaph ... Oct. 20, 1692 
 
 Oxford.Aug. 5,1699 
 
 .Nov. 17, 1717 
 
 St. David’s . .I'eb. 20,1730 
 
 .1749 
 
 Bangor ... .Nov. 22, 1768 
 
 .1771 
 
 .1774 
 
 .1781 
 
 Worcester 
 Worcester 
 Durham . 
 
 Canterbury, 
 Durham... 
 Winchester 
 Worcester 
 
 . Oct. 28, 1670 
 April 18, 1692 
 
 .1699 
 
 .1717 
 
 .1730 
 
 .Dec. 22, 1749 
 
 .1768 
 
 ..July 8, 1771 
 
 .1774 
 
 .1781 
 
 Lichfield. 
 
 Ufiord. 
 
 Hadbury. 
 
 Worcester .... 
 Farnham Royal 
 
 St. James’s 
 Hartlebury 
 
 Charles II. 
 
 Charles II. 
 
 William and Mary. 
 William and Mary. 
 George I. 
 
 George II. 
 
 George II. 
 
 George III. 
 
 George III. 
 
 George III. 
 
 George III. 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF THE DEANS OF LICHFIELD. 
 
 No. 
 
 DEANS. 
 
 William . 
 
 Richard deDalam. 
 
 William II. . 
 
 Richard. 
 
 Bertram. 
 
 Ralph Nevill. 
 
 William de Mancestre 
 Ralph deSempringham 
 
 John de Derby. 
 
 Stephen Segrave .... 
 Roger de Covenis .... 
 
 JohnCasey. 
 
 Richard Fitz-Ralph .. 
 Simon de Borisley.. .. 
 John de Bokingham .. 
 
 Anthony Rous . 
 
 Laurence de Ibbestoke 
 Francis St. Sabine.... 
 William dePackington 
 Thomas de Stretton .. 
 Robert Wolvedon .... 
 
 John de Verney. 
 
 Thomas Hey wood.... 
 John Yotton . 
 
 Installed. 
 
 .1140 
 
 .116.' 
 
 .1173 
 
 .1190 
 
 .1193 
 
 .1214 
 
 .1222 
 
 .1254 
 
 .1260 
 
 Dec. 1320 
 .1325 
 
 .1328 
 
 1337 
 1347 
 1361 
 1363 
 
 1368 
 
 1369 
 1381 
 1390 
 1426 
 1432 
 1457 
 1493 
 
 April20, 
 6 Id. Jan. 
 
 Feb. 23, 
 
 May 15, 
 Sept. 23, 
 Dec. 2, 
 .. Aug. 
 Feb. 23, 
 
 Died, or removed. 
 
 S Bishop of Chi- 
 l Chester, Nov. 1222 
 
 . Feb. 7, 1253 
 
 .March 23, 1260 
 
 .Oct. 12, 1319 
 
 Archb.ofArmagh, 1324 
 
 ..1328 
 
 $ Called Episcopus 
 ( Marciliensis 1334 
 Archb. ofArmagh, 1347 
 
 Bishopof Lincoln, 1363 
 
 April 30, 1390 
 
 .1425 
 
 ... Nov. 1432 
 
 .1457 
 
 . Oct. 25, 1492 
 . Aug. 2, 1512 
 
 DEANS. 
 
 Ralph Collingwood 
 James Denton .... 
 Richard Sampson 1 .. 
 Richard Williams.. 
 John Rambridge .. 
 Lawrence Nowell 2 
 George Boleyn .... 
 James Montagu.... 
 William Tooker.... 
 
 Walter Curie. 
 
 Augustine Lindsell 
 John Warner. 
 
 37 Samuel Fell 
 
 Griffith Higgs 3 .... 
 
 Wdliam Paul. 
 
 Thomas Wood .... 
 Matthew Smallwood 
 Lancelot Addison 4 
 William Binckes .. 
 Jonathan Kimberley 
 William Walmesley 
 Nicholas Penny.. .. 
 John Addenbrook .. 
 Baptist Proby .... 
 J. C. Woodhouse .. 
 
 Installed. 
 
 Sept. 26, 
 . .Jan. 7, 
 June 20, 
 Nov. 23, 
 April 2, 
 April 29, 
 Nov. 22, 
 July 16, 
 Feb. 24, 
 Mar. 24, 
 Oct. 15, 
 
 April 8, 
 Feb. 
 
 July 3, 
 June 19, 
 July 7, 
 May 7, 
 Dec. 1, 
 Feb. 15, 
 Mar. 25, 
 Feb. 13, 
 
 1512 
 
 1522 
 
 1533 
 
 1536 
 
 1554 
 
 1559 
 
 1576 
 
 1003 
 
 1604 
 
 1620 
 
 1628 
 
 .1633 
 
 .1637 
 
 .1638 
 
 1660 
 
 1663 
 
 .1671 
 
 1683 
 
 1703 
 
 1713 
 
 1720 
 
 1730 
 
 1745 
 
 1776 
 
 1807 
 
 Died, or removed. 
 
 .Nov. 22,1521 
 
 .Feb. 23, 1532 
 
 Bp. of Chichester, 1536 
 
 Deprived .1553 
 
 Deprived .1558 
 
 .Oct. 1576 
 
 . Jan. 1602 
 
 Bp of Winchester, 1616 
 
 . March, 1620 
 
 Bp. of Rochester, 1627 
 Bp. of Peterboro’, 1632 
 Bp. of Rochester, 1637 
 $ Dean of Christ- 
 ( church,Oxford,1638 
 
 .Dec. 16, 1659 
 
 Bishopof Oxford, 1663 
 Bp.ofLichfieId,&c.l67l 
 
 . April 26, 1683 
 
 . April 20, 1703 
 
 . J une 19, 1712 
 
 . March 7, 1719 
 
 .Jan. 15, 1745 
 
 .Feb. 25, 1776 
 
 .Jan. 16, 1807 
 
 1 Afterwards Bishop of Lichfield, See. 
 
 <2 Dean Nowell’s MSS. greatly assisted Somncr in compiling his Saxon Dictionary. 
 
 3 “ A liberal contributor to the ornaments of the Cathedral.”—Wood. 
 
 4 Author of several theological works, and father of the great essayist. 
 
 I 
 
A 
 
 LIST OF BOOKS, ESSAYS, AND PRINTS, 
 
 that have been published relating to 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL; 
 
 ALSO 
 
 A LIST OF ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF ITS BISHOPS AND DEANS. 
 
 THIS LIST IS SUBJOINED TO GRATIFY TIIE BIBLIOGRAPHER, THE CRITICAL ANTIQUARY, AND 
 THE ILLUSTRATOR; AS WELL AS TO SHOW, AT ONE VIEW, THE SOURCES WHENCE THE 
 CONTENTS OF TIIE PRECEDING PAGES HAVE BEEN DERIVED, AND THE FULL TITLES OF 
 THE WORKS REFERRED TO IN THE NOTES. 
 
 SEE AND CHURCH. 
 
 The Ecclesiastical History, by “ the Venerable Bede,” contains the earliest authentic information 
 relative to the establishment of the Mercian diocess, and the see of Lichfield. From that work the 
 author of the “ Chronicon Lichfelitensis Ecclesice ” copied, almost verbatim, his account of those 
 subjects. This chronicle is published in “ Anglia Sacra," vol. i. p. 423. We are informed by 
 Warton, in the preface to this work, that he collated five different copies of the Chronicon, which 
 vary considerably, and are all replete with errors. Of these, one is in the Cottonian library; 
 (Vespasian, E. xvi. 2.) another in the Harleian library; (MS. 3839) and a third in the Bodleian 
 library, at Oxford; (MS. n. 770, 865.) a fourth was formerly in the possession of Dean Addison of 
 Lichfield. The following curious memoranda appear in the Cottonian MS. (Vespas. E. xvi. 2.) 
 
 “ Anno Xi, 1684. Quidam Sprag habuit librum fol. bene crassih et ccc annoru cui titulus 
 Chronicon Leichfeldense ; in eo multa de epis Merciora-”— T. Gale. 
 
 “ This booke was found in the thatch of an house at Clitun Campuch, in the demolishinge 
 thereof. And was brought to mee by Mr. Darwin. The Cronicon agrees perfectly wth that wthin 
 ye church in the wall, by the south gate, in foldinge leaves of timber, wch was torn in pieces by my 
 Lord Brookes his soldiers. 
 
 “ But there is another antiquity called Liber Lichfieldensis, wch was in y e custody of y e Deane 
 and Chapter, and suffered an harde fate, for there having bin not many yeares since asute betwixt 
 Mr. Sprat and certain prebendaries touching y e repairs of y e church of Stowe’s chancel, whereof 
 they were Parsons convicted. And y e cause was appealed after judgment given below, to London, 
 and so y e whole cause transmitted wth that record, wch was y e most pregnant evidence, but could 
 never bee obteined back agen. But I was shewed another copy under y‘ title in Graye’s Ine library, 
 wch they tould mee Mr. Selden had mutilated. This I saw some 20 yeares agoe, aut circiter.” 
 
 This original Chronicle was compiled by Thomas de Chesterfeld, about the year 1350: and was 
 continued down to the year 1559 by William Whitlock, partly from the works of other authors, and 
 partly from his personal knowledge. 
 
 “ A Survey of Staffordshire ; containing the Antiquities of that County,” &c. By Sampson 
 Erdeswicke, Esq.:—with Observations upon the Possessors of Monastery Lands in Staffordshire, 
 By Sir Simon Degge, Knt. London ; 8vo. 1717. A new title page was afterwards printed for 
 W. Mears, 1723.—This edition was reprinted on thicker and lighter coloured paper. A new and 
 enlarged edition of this work has been published in 1820, by the Rev. T. Harwood, B.D. F.S.A. 
 8vo. price £1. Is.: and “ a few copies on large paper, price £1. 11s. 6d.” 
 
 Some particulars of the history and description of this cathedral are given in “ Leland's Itine¬ 
 rary,” Vol. iv. part ii. fol. 187. b. 
 
LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL:—LIST OF BOOKS, ESSAYS, ETC. 
 
 69 
 
 “ The Natural History of Staffordshire. By Robert Plott, LL. D. Keeper of the Ashmolean 
 Museum, and Professor of Chemistry in the University of Oxford.” Oxf. 1686, folio. This work 
 evinces some learning and acuteness in the author, but also displays his credulity and superstition. 
 
 Elias Ashmo/e intended to write “ The History and Antiquities of Lichfield,” his native city. 
 His collections are in his museum, 7470-84, 8093, and “ Historia Ecclesiae de Lichfield,” Bib. 
 Bodl. 3553. 
 
 The “ Monasticon Anglicanum,” contains an account of the foundation of the see and church, 
 taken from the Chronicle of Lichfield, vol. iii. p. 216 ;—some other particulars from Leland's Col¬ 
 lectanea—description of the close and two monasteries, p. 220, &c. -depositions of the prior of 
 Coventry and others relating to the election of bishops—several statutes and ordinances of the 
 bishops; charters, and deeds relating to the church lands, &c. 
 
 “ Wilkins's Concilia" contain the Statutes of Bishops Nonant, vol. i. p.496; Stavenby, ib. 
 p. 640; Langton. ib. p. 256; and the submissions of the bishops of Coventry to the Church of 
 Canterbury, vol. iii. p. 504. 
 
 “ Some short Account of the Cathedral Church of Lichfeld," 8vo. pp. 62. London, 1723. This 
 little work was first published separately in 1717, but afterwards in 1723, in a volume intituled 
 “ The Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Worcester. By that learned Antiquary, Thomas 
 Abingdon, Esq. To which are added, The Antiquities of the Cathedral Churches of Chichester 
 and Lichfeld.” It contains but little original information, and is evidently compiled from the 
 Monasticon, and Plot's Survey of Statfordshire. 
 
 In Willis’s “ History of the Mitred Abbeys," vol. ii. p. 359, are the dimensions of this church 
 from the preceding volume, and an account of its monuments. 
 
 In the same author’s “ Survey of Cathedrals ,” vol. i. p. 371, is an account of this church, and 
 the persons buried therein ;—the endowment of the bishopric, and alienations from it; endowment 
 of the dean and chapter; an account of the bishops, deans, &c. Also a view of the church, from 
 the south, engraved by J. Harris. 
 
 An Account of the Cathedral and City of Lichfeld constitutes part of an unfinished History 
 of Staffordshire, by the Rev. Stebbing Shaw, under the following title ; “ The History and Anti¬ 
 quities of Staffordshire ; compiled from the Manuscripts of Huntbach, Loxdale, Bishop Lyttleton, 
 and other Collections, of Dr. Wilkes, the Rev. T. Feilde, &c. &c. Including Erdeswick’s Survey of 
 the County, and the approved parts of Dr. Plot’s Natural History. The whole broug'ht down to the 
 present Time ; interspersed with Peuigrees and Anecdotes of Families ; Observations on Agriculture, 
 Commerce, Mines, and Manufactories ; and illustrated with a very full and correct new Map of the 
 County, Agri Staffordiensis Icon, and numerous other Plates. By the Rev. Stebbing Shaw, B.D. F.A.S. 
 and Fellow of Queen’s College. Cambridge.” 2 vols. folio. 1 ondon, 1798. 
 
 The account of the cathedral occupies one hundred and nineteen pages, which are accompanied 
 by the following Prints :—1. West Front of the Cathedral, with Plan of North Side, said to be 
 drawn by Mr. Shaw, and engraved by R W. Basire, but was drawn by J. Carter, and merely re¬ 
 duced by Mr. Shaw ;—2. South-west View of the Cathedral, engraved by Kidd, and originally 
 published by J. Jackson; May, 1796, with letter press:—3. View near Lichfield, with large Willow 
 Tree, at the top of p. 114. E. Stringer, del. 1785;—4 and 5. On one sheet, being the South 
 Prospect and Ground Plan of the Cathedral. 1 Harris, sc.: —6. Effigies and Arms formerly in the 
 Cathedral, from Dugdale’s Visitation in the Herald’s College :—7. Altar Tomb, with Canopy ; 
 Effigy of a Bishop, &c. formerly in the cathedral :—2. Monumental Effigy of a Bishop, in a niche, 
 with Canopy; an Inscription, and three other Subjects, etched, in a rough and bad style :—9. Mo¬ 
 nument of Dean Heywood, two Effigies, and Canopy: —10. Monument of Bishop Langton, from 
 Dugdale’s Visitation ; Effigy on Altar Tomb with Canopies, &c.: — 1 1. A large folding-sheet show¬ 
 ing Eight Monuments, etched by the Rev. J. Homfray, in a very rough, slight, careless manner: 
 —12. Monument, with Effigy of Bishop Packet, engraved by Hollar for the Bishops “ Century 
 of Sermons :”—13 : Eight Seals: -14. Gate-house belonging to the Choristers’ House; Portiait of 
 Richard Greene; East End of Cathedral from Stow Pool. R. Greene, del. I. Wood, sc. for the 
 Gentleman’s Magazine. 
 
 The work is a strange jumble of undigested, unarranged, and indiscriminating matter. The lan¬ 
 guage is often puerile, and in some places illiterate ; the plates very badly engraved, and apparently 
 from equally bad drawings. 
 
 “ The Gentleman s Magazine, ” vol. lxxix. contains some remarks on a publication, intituled, 
 “ An Historical Survey of the Ecclesiastical Antiquities of France : with a view to illustrate the 
 Rise and Progress of Gothic Architecture in Europe.” By the late G. D. Whittington. In 
 
 i 2 
 
70 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL:—LIST OF BOOKS, ESSAYS, ETC. 
 
 these remarks, Mr. Carter maintains, contrary to the opinion advanced by Mr. Whittington, that 
 the pointed style of architecture originated in England. In the course of these observations 
 Mr. Carter introduces a short description of the West Front of Lichfield Cathedral, and a compari¬ 
 son between that and the West Front of the Cathedral of Noire Dame at Paris; vol.lxxix. part ii. 
 p. 697. But he met with an able opponent, under the signature of “ Amateur,” who defends the 
 Survey, in several letters, one of which in vol. Ixxx. part i. p. 52.5, is a complete refutation of the 
 “ Architect’s” Remarks on Lichfield Cathedral. A view of the West Front, drawn by J. Carter, 
 and engraved by Basire, is in vol. Ixxx. part ii. p. 403 
 
 “ History of the City and Cathedral of Lichfield , chiefly compiled from ancient Authors, &c.” 
 By John Jackson, Jun. London; 8vo. 1805, pp 276. Embellished (among other prints) with a 
 South west View of the Cathedral, engraved by Kidd. This was the third edition, materially 
 altered and enlarged, of a work originally published by the same author, at the age of eighteen, 
 under the title of “ History of the City and County of Lichfield ,” &c. 
 
 “ The History and A ntiquities of the Church and City of Lichfield: containing its ancient and 
 present .State, Civil and Ecclesiastical ; collected from various public Records, and other authentic 
 Evidences.” By the Rev. Thomas Harwood, F. S. A. late of University College, Oxford. Glou¬ 
 cester: printed for Cadell and Davies, London, 1806, pp. 574, 4to. Embellished (among other 
 views) with a South west View of the Cathedral, engraved by B. Howlett, from a drawing by T. G. 
 Worthington, Esq. This work contains a history of the see and church, with a description of 
 the latter, its monuments, and epitaphs, biography of the bishops, lists of the deans, chancellors, 
 precentors, archdeacons, and prebendaries. 
 
 “ An Illustration of the Architecture of the Cathedral Church of Lichfield." By Charles 
 Wild. London, 1813, folio. This volume contains a short history and description of the Cathe¬ 
 dral, illustrated by ten aquatinta prints by Dubourg, from drawings by Mr. Wdd. Plate 1. 
 Ground Plan of the Cathedral:—2. West and North Entrances, and Arcade of Nave :—3. South¬ 
 east View of Cathedral:—4. Part of South Side:—5. The East End: - 6. The West Front: — 
 7. Part of the Nave :—8. Nave, and part of Transept:—9. The Choir: —10. Interior of the East 
 End. 
 
 The third volume of Storer’s “ Graphic and Historical Description of the Cathedrals of Great 
 Britain ” contains the “ History and Antiquities of the Cathedral Churches , and See of Lichfield 
 and Coventry .” 8vo. Sherwood and Co. 1816. This work is illustrated by ten plates, eight of 
 which are engraved by J. Storer, from his own drawings: and the other two from those of J. Hard¬ 
 wick and Capt. John Westmacott—viz. 1. The West Door:—2. Ground Plan: — 3. South Tran¬ 
 sept, exterior:—4. Chapter-house, interior:—5. Interior of Cathedral, looking North-west: — 
 6. North-east View:—7. North-west View: — 8. View of Cathedral from North:—9. View of 
 the Bishop’s Palace: —10. West Front. With a concise history and description, in twelve pages of 
 letter-press. 
 
 ACCOUNTS OF BISHOPS. 
 
 The Chronicle of Lichfield Cathedral, already referred to, as printed in “ Anglia Sacra,” contains 
 some account of the bishops of this see, from Diuma to Bentham. 
 
 A fragment of the life of Hugo de Nonant, written by Giraldus Cambrensis, is also printed in 
 Warton’s Anglia Sacra, vol. ii. p. 351. 
 
 “ The Liars and Characters , Deaths, Burials and Epitaphs, Works of Piety, Charity, and other 
 munificent Benefactions, of all the Protestant Bishops of the Church of England, since the Re¬ 
 formation, as settled by Queen Elizabeth, A. D. 1559; collected from their several Registers, 
 Wills in the Prerogative Offices, authentic Records, and other valuable MSS. collections ; and 
 compared with the best Accounts hitherto published of this kind.” By John Le Neve, Gent. vol. i. 
 8vo. London, 1720, pp, 288. This volume (the only one ever published) contains the lives of 
 George Abbot and Richard Neill, Bishops of this See, who afterwards became Archbishops. 
 
 “ Memoirs of the Life of Roger de Weseham." By Dr. Pegge, 4to. 1761. 
 
 “ The Life of Bishop Morton,” by Baddiley and Naylor, 12mo. 1660, and by Dr. Barwick, 
 4to. 1669—with portrait by Faithorne. 
 
 The Life of Bishop Hacket, prefixed to his Century of Sermons, fol. 1675. By Dr. Plume. 
 This volume is embellished with a fine portrait by Faithorne, and a plate of the monument by 
 Hollar. 
 
 “ The Life of the Rev. John Hough, D. D. successively Bishop of Oxford, Lichfield and Co¬ 
 ventry, and Worcester; formerly President of St. Mary Magdalen College, Oxford, in the Reign of 
 
LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL: — LIST OF PRINTS, ETC. 
 
 71 
 
 King James II. Containing- many of his Letters, and Biographical Notices of several Persons with 
 whom he was connected.” By John Wilrr.ot, Esq. F.R.S. and S.A. 4to. pp. 387. London, 1812. 
 This work contains the substance of a scarce memoir which was printed a few weeks after the 
 bishop’s decease, as “ Some Account” of his life : and is embellished with two portraits of the 
 bishop, and fac similes of his writing. 
 
 Memoirs of Bishop Hurd, with a portrait, are prefixed to an edition of his works, 8 vols. 8vo, 
 1811. 
 
 VIEWS AND PRINTS OF THE CHURCH AND OF ITS MONUMENTS. 
 
 In Fuller’s “ Church History of Britain fol. 1655, are two views of the cathedral, supposed 
 to be the oldest prints extant:— viz. View of the West Front, having all its niches filled with statues, 
 and the West Window, with its original mullions and tracery. S. Kyrk, pinx. IF. Hollar, sc.— 
 Elias Ashmole presented this plate. A similar view was engraved for the Monasticon, most likely 
 by Hollar, though without his name, and with some variation. 
 
 A South View of the Cathedral. S. Kyrk, del. R. Vaughan, sc. 
 
 View of the West Front; engraved by King. 
 
 View of the North Side ; engraved by Harris. 
 
 A large View of the West Front, and a smaller one of the South Side, were executed by the late 
 Francis Perry, who afterwards destroyed the plates. These are poorly and inaccurately drawn, 
 and etched in a scratchy style. 
 
 East View of the Cathedral and Close, from Stow-pool, near St. Chad’s Church, 1745. Drawn 
 by R. Greene ; engraved by J. Wood. 
 
 In Carter’s “ Ancient Sculpture and Painting ” is a View of the West Porch, or principal 
 entrance ; drawn and etched by J. Carter, 1782. 
 
 In Gough’s “ Sepulchral Monuments,” vol. i. part ii. p. 84, are engraved effigies of Bishops 
 Langton and Patesliulle, from their monuments in this cathedral. 
 
 View of the West Front; engraved by J. Basire, from a drawing by J. Carter, 8vo. for the 
 Gentleman’s Magazine, vol. lxxx. part ii. 
 
 A View of the West Front of the Cathedral; engraved by J. Rojfe, from a drawing by T. Nash, 
 appears in the Beauties of England and Wales. 
 
 In No. VI. of “ Etchings of the Cathedral, Collegiate, and Abbey Churches of England and 
 Wales,” 4to. 1820, is a View of the Cathedral from North-west; drawn and etched by J. C. 
 Buckler ; also two leaves of letter press. 
 
 ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF THE BISHOPS OF LICHFIELD AND COVENTRY. 
 
 1. George Abbot: in Clarendon’s “ History,” 8vo. M. V. Gucht, sc. —in Birch’s “ Lives,” 
 
 large fol. J. Houbraken, sc.—in the title page to his “ Brief Description of the World,” 1635; 
 12mo. IF. Marshall, sc.—4to. 1616, S. Pass, sc—a copy of the last in “ Boissard,” 
 Grainger and Bromley. 
 
 2. John Overall : a small oval in Sparrow’s “ Rationale of the Common Prayer,” 1657, 12mo. 
 
 Hollar, sc .—prefixed to his “ Convocation Book,” by Sancroft, 1690. R. White, sc. 
 Grainger and Bromley. 
 
 3. Thomas Morton, prefixed to his “ Life,’’ by r Barwick, 1660, 4to. Faithorne, sc.—a Wooden 
 
 Cut, 4to. Grainger and Bromley. 
 
 4. John Hacket, prefixed to his “ Sermons,” fol. Faithorne, sc.—prefixed to his “ Christian 
 
 Consolations,” 8vo. Grainger and Bromley. 
 
 5. William Lloyd: fol. D. Loggan, sc. — another, fol. J. Sturt, sc. — aetat. 86, large fol. T. 
 
 Forster, pinx. Vertue, sc.—aetat 87. F. Weidman, pinx. Vertue, sc.—Bishop of St. Asaph, 
 oval.—In the prints of the seven bishops. Bromley. 
 
 6. John Hough : aetat. 91, mez. Dyer, pinx. Faber, sc.—in Wilmot’s Life” of him, from the 
 
 same picture. James Heath, sc.— mez. Riley, pinx. Williams, sc.—mez. Dyer, pinx—mez. 
 prefixed to his “ Life,” by Wilmot. Kneller, pinx. Caroline Watson, sc. Bromley and 
 Wi/mot's “ Life of Bishop Hough.” 
 
 7. Edward Chandler: large fol. J. V. Bank, pinx. Vertue, sc. Bromley. 
 
 8. Richard Smallbiioke: large fol. T. Murray, pinx. Vertue, sc. Bromley. 
 
72 
 
 LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL :-LIST OF PRINTS. 
 
 9. Frederick Cornwallis: mez. N. Dance, pinx. E. Fisher, sc. Bromley. 
 
 10. John Egerton : oval profile, in Hutchinson’s “ Antiquities of Durham.” Anon. Bromley. 
 
 11. Richard Hurd: 4to. Gainsborough , pinx. Hall, sc. A small profile, from a model by 
 
 Isaac Gosset ; engraved by J. Neagle, 1809, prefixed to a volume of letters, from Bishop 
 Warburton to Bishop Hurd. 
 
 ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF DEANS OF LICHFIELD. 
 
 1. James Mountagu, or Montagu, (as Bishop of Winchester): in the Heroologia, 8vo.—A 
 
 copy in Boissard.—Another, 4to. — See “ History, &c. of Winchester Cathedral.” 
 
 2. Walter Curle, (as Bishop of Winchester): T. Cecil, sc. h. sh. See “ History, &c. of 
 
 Winchester Cathedral.” 
 
 LIST OF PRINTS 
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE OF LICHFIELD CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Plates. 
 
 Subjects. 
 
 Drawn by 
 
 Engraved by 
 
 Dedicated to 
 
 Described. 
 
 Ground Plan* 
 
 Mackenzie 
 
 Gladwin 
 
 35 
 
 'II 
 -III 
 IV. 
 — V. 
 VI. 
 
 EXTERIORS. 
 
 West Front, View of . 
 
 Ditto, Central Door-way. 
 
 Ditto, Section and Elevation . 
 
 North Door-way .. 
 
 View of the Cathedral from S. 
 
 E. .. 
 
 Mackenzie .. 
 Mackenzie .. 
 
 Potter. 
 
 Mackenzie .. 
 Mackenzie .. 
 
 H. Le Keux .. 
 J. Le Keux.... 
 H. Le Keux .. 
 J. Le Keux.... 
 J. Le Keux.... 
 
 Marquis of Anglesey.... 
 W. R. Boulton, Esq .... 
 Rev. Dr. Buckeridge .. 
 Sir Osw. Mosley, Bt. .. 
 Rev. H. Bailye. 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 39 
 
 INTERIORS. 
 
 VII. 
 
 -VIII. 
 
 IX 
 
 X. 
 
 'XI 
 
 XII 
 
 XIII. 
 
 XIV. 
 -XV. 
 
 XVI. 
 
 Nave, View of, from the W. ...... 
 
 $ Half Elevation, Half Section, of ) 
 l Transept, &c.. } 
 
 Compartments of Nave and Choir.. 
 Choir, View looking W. .......... 
 
 Lady Chapel, looking E. 
 
 Vestibule to Chapter House . 
 
 Arches, &c. in Chapter House .... 
 
 ( Capital in Chapter House, and ) 
 l Brackets.$ 
 
 Door-way to Chapter House . 
 
 Monument by Chantrey . 
 
 Mackenzie .. 
 Johnson .... 
 
 Potter. 
 
 Mackenzie .. 
 Mackenzie .. 
 Mackenzie .. 
 Mackenzie .. 
 Mackenzie .. 
 Mackenzie .. 
 Mackenzie .. 
 
 J. Le Keux.... 
 J. Le Keux.... 
 
 Turrell . 
 
 Cleghorn. 
 
 Radclyffe .... 
 Wool noth .... 
 
 Sands . 
 
 J. Le Keux.... 
 
 J. Le Keux.... 
 
 f Rhodes .. ) 
 l H.LeKeux $ 
 
 Rev. J. Madan, M. A. .. 
 Rev. Id. White. 
 
 Sir Edw. Paget, K.B. .. 
 G. W. Taylor, Esq. M.P. 
 
 J. W. Russell, Esq. 
 
 Rev. Archd. Nares .... 
 
 Rev. J. Newling . 
 
 R. J. Harper, Esq. 
 
 Dean of Lichfield. 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 44, 49 
 
 * The general Measurements of the church are marked on Plates I. IV. and VII. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 A. 
 
 Abbot, bp. 58, 66; portraits of, 71. 
 
 Anglo Saxons, remarks on, 9. 
 
 B. 
 
 Bayne, bp. 58. 
 
 Bishops of Lichfield, &c. 55 ; list of, 65. 
 
 Books, list of, 69. 
 
 Brackets, views of six, PI. XIV. 
 
 C. 
 
 Carter, John, a visionary antiquary, 26. 
 
 Ceadda, or Chad, saint and bishop, 13 ; miracle 
 attributed to, 14, 15; shrine of, 28. 
 
 Cathedral Church, despoiled of ornaments, 
 22; first founded, 15, 24; rebuilt by Bp. 
 Clinton, 26; licence to dig stone for, 27 ; lady 
 chapel built, 28 ; in its “ vertical height,” 28 ; 
 much injured in the civil wars, 29, 30; re¬ 
 paired under Mr. Wyatt, 32 ; situation and 
 description of, 33 ; approaches to, 34 ; exterior 
 and interior, 35; ground plan of, 35; west 
 front, 36, 37, 38, 39 ; north transept, door¬ 
 way, 39; south-east view described, 39, PI. VI.; 
 nave, PI. VII. described, 40; choir, PI. IX. 
 and PI. X. described, 42. 
 
 Chandler, bp. 61, 67 ; portrait, 71. 
 
 Chantrey, account of his style of sculpture and 
 monument by, 49, 50, 51. 
 
 Chapter house, vestibule to, PI. XII. described, 
 43; arches in, PI. XIII. described, 43; capital 
 of centre column, PI. XIV. described, 44; date 
 of, 63. 
 
 Clinton de, bp. 19, 65 ; his architecture, 26. 
 
 Choir, view of, PI. X. described, 42; elevation of 
 part, PI. IX. ; date of, 63. 
 
 Christianity, introduction of, into Mercia and to 
 Lichfield, 12, 24. 
 
 Cornwallis, bp. 61, 62, 67; portrait, 72. 
 
 Coventry, see of, 19 ; and Lichfield, united title 
 of, 19 ; bishops of, 20; and Lichfield, disputes 
 between, 20, 21, 22; monastic church de¬ 
 molished, 22. 
 
 Curie, dean, 67, 72. 
 
 D. 
 
 Dates of building, 63. 
 
 Diuma, first bp. of Mercia, 13. 
 
 Deans, list of, 67. 
 
 E. 
 
 Egerton, bp. 67 ; portrait, 72. 
 
 F. 
 
 Frewen, bp. 59, 66. 
 
 G. 
 
 Garrick, Dr. Johnson’s remark on, 8; bust of, 
 48. 
 
 Glass, stained, 32, 51. 
 
 H. 
 
 Hacket, bp. state of church at his time, 30; 
 monument of, 47; anecdotes of, 59, 67; 
 memoir, 70; portrait, 71, 72. 
 
 Hurd, bp. 62, 66, 71. 
 
 Heyworth, bp. 28, 66. 
 
 Hough, bp. life of, 61, 66; memoir and portrait, 
 71. 
 
74 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 J. 
 
 Johnson, character of, 7 ; bust of, &c. 47. 
 
 L. 
 
 Lady chapel built, 28 ; view of, PI. XI. de¬ 
 scribed, 42. 
 
 Langton, bp. benefactor to the church, 27,56; 
 builder of lady chapel, 28. 
 
 Library described, 63. 
 
 Lichfield, eminent natives and inhabitants of, 
 and associations arising therefrom, 7, 8; 
 
 name and etymology of, 10; first foundation 
 of a church at, 5; see of, 13, 15; cathedral 
 erected, A. D. 700, 17 ; made an arch¬ 
 bishopric, 18; and Coventry, extent of dio- 
 cess, 23; two monasteries in, and ancient 
 state of, 25. 
 
 Lloyd, bp. 61, 67; portrait, 71. 
 
 M. 
 
 Miracle attributed to St. Chad, 14. 
 
 Mercia, introduction of Christianity into, 11; 
 church founded in, 13; extent of, 15; division 
 of sees in, 16. 
 
 Montague, Lady M. W. monument for, 47; 
 character of her Letters, 47. 
 
 Montagu, dean, 67 ; portrait, 72. 
 
 Monuments, remarks on, 45; fine one, by 
 Chantrey, 44 ; view of, PI. XVI. 
 
 Morton, bp. 59, 66; portrait, 71. 
 
 N. 
 
 Nave, PI. VII. described, 40; elevation, PI. IX. 
 41; date of, 65. 
 
 Neile, bp. 38, 66. 
 
 Newton, Andrew, charity of, and monument, 48. 
 Nonant, bp. enemy to monks, 20, 56. 
 
 North transept,door-way, PI. V. described, 39, 41. 
 
 O. 
 
 Overall, bp. 66; portrait, 71. 
 
 P. 
 
 Peda and Panda, government and wars of, 12. 
 Peterborough, foundation of monastery, 14. 
 
 R. 
 
 Ross, or Rous, MS. of, 11. 
 
 S. 
 
 Sampson, bp. 56, 66. 
 
 Seward, Rev. Tho. character of, 48. 
 
 Seward, Miss, character of, 48. 
 
 Scrope, bp. 57, 66. 
 
 Smallbroke, bp. 61,67; portrait, 71. 
 
 Spires described, 37. 
 
 Stavenby, bp. 56, 67. 
 
 Stretton, bp. 57. 
 
 Synod at Heorutford, or Retford, 15; at Hat¬ 
 field, 16; at Cloveshoe, 18; at Calchyth, 18. 
 
 T. 
 
 Theodore, abp. character of, 16 note. 
 
 W. 
 
 Walmsley, Dr. Gilbert, Johnson’s character of, 8. 
 Windows, painted, 32, 51, 52, 53. 
 
 West front described, 35, 36, 37 ; view of, PI. 
 II.; centre door-way, PI. III. described, 38; 
 section of, PI. IV. described, 38; Carter’s 
 print of, noticed, 38. 
 
 THE END. 
 
 Marchant, Printer, Ingram-court, Fenchurch-street. 
 

 
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