NOYES. 
 

 
 
 
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 in 2016 
 
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ACCOUNT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CARICATURES 
 
 OF 
 
 JAMES GILLRAY. 
 
 AS AN ACCOMPANIMENT TO HIS COLLECTED WORKS PUBLISHED IN 
 A SINGLE VOLUME BY H. G. BOHN. 
 

 
 
HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE 
 
 ACCOUNT 
 
 OE THE 
 
 CARICATURES 
 
 OF 
 
 JAMES GILLR AY, 
 
 COMPRISING 
 
 A POLITICAL AND HUMOROUS HISTORY OF 
 THE LATTER PART OF THE REIGN OF 
 GEORGE THE THIRD. 
 
 BY 
 
 THOMAS WRIGHT, ESQ. F.S.A. 
 
 AND 
 
 R. H. EVANS; ESQ. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 HENRY G. BOHN, YORK STREET, COYENT GARDEN. 
 
 1851. 
 
LIFE OF GILLRAY. 
 
 ( Extracted from the sketch given in Stanley's new edition of 
 Bryan's Dictionary of the Painters .) 
 
 James Gillray, the most eminent of English carica- 
 turists, was horn in 1757- His father, James Gillray, 
 who was horn at Lanark, in Scotland, September 3, 1720, 
 entered the army, and was present at the battle of Eontenoy, 
 where he lost an arm. On his return to England, he 
 became an out-pensioner of Chelsea Hospital, and filled 
 the office of sexton to the Moravian burying-ground at 
 Chelsea for forty years, and was buried there in 1799. 
 Like the illustrious Hogarth, and the celebrated engraver 
 Sharp, young Gillray began his career as a letter engraver, 
 but we have been unable to meet with any specimens of his 
 work in that department. 
 
 Being disgusted with this monotonous occupation, he 
 ran away from his employer, joined a company of strolling 
 players, and, after undergoing the various hardships which 
 this course of life invariably entails upon its followers, 
 returned to London, and became a student of the Boyal 
 Academy, where he most energetically pursued his studies 
 in the art of design. That he must have attained consider- 
 able proficiency is evident from several plates which he 
 engraved after his own designs, particularly two sub- 
 jects from Goldsmith’s Deserted Village, inscribed “ The 
 Village Train,” and “ The Deserted Village,” published in 
 1784. These are designed with great freedom and pic- 
 turesque effect, and have some resemblance to the earlier 
 works of Stotliard. They are exceedingly well engraved 
 
VI 
 
 LIFE OF GILLRAY. 
 
 in the dotted manner, and though we are not acquainted 
 with the name of his instructor they so much resemble the 
 works of the unfortunate Ryland, that we have little 
 hesitation in asserting that he must have communicated 
 his art to Gillray. Among other works of this class, and 
 executed about the same time, are two portraits of William 
 Pitt : which, though admirable representations of the man, 
 are nevertheless somewhat approaching to caricature. He 
 also engraved a few plates after Lady Spencer's drawings, 
 and, either for the purpose of amusement or mystification, 
 occasionally adopted fictitious names. On many of his 
 earlier caricatures, he made use of a monogram composed 
 of the letters J. S. interlaced, very much resembling that 
 used by Sayer the caricaturist, probably with the intention 
 of misleading the public as to the real designer. 
 
 Gillray appears to have continued working as an engraver 
 long after his career as a caricaturist had commenced, as, in 
 1792, he produced a large plate after Northcote, represent- 
 ing the delivery of the prisoners from the Bastille, inscribed, 
 “ Le Triomphe de la Liberte, ou, L'elargissement de la 
 Bastille;" and in 1794, “ Marquis Cornwallis receiving 
 the Ptoyal Hostages at Seringapatam," after the same 
 painter : probably the last of his productions of this 
 description. 
 
 Admirable as are many of these works, it is as a caricatur- 
 ist that Gillrayis best known. In this art he has no rival; and 
 the exquisite tact with which he seized upon points, both in 
 politics and manners, most open to ridicule, is only equalled 
 by the consummate skill and wit with which he satirized 
 them. His earlier works are more carefully than spiritedly 
 executed, and look like the productions of an engraver only. 
 The earliest of his undoubted caricatures, though many 
 others antecedent have been with great reason attributed 
 
LIFE OF GILLRAY. 
 
 Vll 
 
 to him, is dated 1?79; it is probably a satire on the Irish 
 Fortune-hunter, and is called “ Paddy on Horseback,” the 
 so-called horse being a hull, on which he is riding with his 
 face to the tail. But his improvement was rapid and ex- 
 traordinary, and he soon attained a marvellous freedom 
 both of design and in the management of the etching 
 needle. It is believed he etched his ideas at once upon the 
 copper without making a previous drawing, his only guides 
 being sketches of the distinguished characters he intended 
 to introduce made on small pieces of card which he always 
 carried about him, and many of which we have seen. His 
 caricatures are so numerous that it would be quite impos- 
 sible to give any thing like a list of them in this sketch 
 we shall, therefore, merely notice a few of the more im- 
 portant, arranging them according to the dates at which 
 they appeared. 
 
 A New Way to pay the National Debt. Greorge III. and his 
 queen are coming out of the Treasury loaded with money, 
 which is overflowing their pockets ; on the right is the 
 Prince of Wales in a very shabby condition, gratefully 
 receiving money from the Due d’ Orleans. April 21, 1786. 
 
 Ancient Music. A capital caricature of the king and queen 
 in ecstasy at a concert performed by the ministers. May 
 10, 1787. 
 
 Monstrous Craws ; a powerful satire on the grasping avarice 
 of Greorge III. and Queen Charlotte. May 29, 1787. 
 
 March to the Bank. A capital etching, executed in the most 
 masterly style. August 22, 1787. There are two states 
 of this plate ; in the first , the female who is thrown down 
 in front has less drapery. 
 
 Market Bay. Lord Thurlow, as a grazier, is attending 
 Smithfield Market, and examining the beasts, the heads of 
 which represent the leading political characters of the 
 day. May 2, 1788. 
 
Vlll 
 
 LIFE OF GILLRAY. 
 
 Election troops bringing in their Accounts to the Pay Table ; 
 J. Gillray invt. et fecit , 1788. A satire on the means 
 employed by ministers, unsuccessfully however, to frus- 
 trate the election of Fox for Westminster. This we 
 •believe is the first caricature on which the name of Gillray 
 appears. 
 
 Frying Sprats: — Toasting Muffins. 1791. Two small but 
 very clever caricatures on the parsimonious habits of 
 George III. and his queen. In the first the queen is 
 represented carefully frying her own sprats ; and in the 
 second the king is in the full enjoyment of toasting his 
 own muffins. 
 
 Anti-SacchariteSy or John Bull and his Family leaving off the 
 use of Sugar. 1792. The king and queen, from economical 
 motives, are enjoying and praising their tea without sugar, 
 while the princesses are evidently very much disgusted, 
 and take no pains to conceal it. The royal family, it is 
 said, were highly delighted with this caricature. 
 
 A Connoisseur examining a Cooper. A very bold and happy 
 idea, capitally carried ont. George III. is represented 
 almost purblind looking with great attention at a miniature 
 of Oliver Cromwell , which he holds in one hand, and has a 
 candle in the other. The bitterness of this satire was 
 occasioned by the disparaging observations the king made 
 on the portraits Gillray had sketched during his tour in 
 Flanders with Loutherbourg. The king had said, “ I 
 don’t understand these caricatures.” The exasperated 
 artist made this drawing, and said, “ I wonder if the royal 
 connoisseur will understand this ?” 
 
 Temperance enjoying a frugal Mealy and A Voluptuary under 
 the Horrors of Digestion. 1792. Two most admirable 
 productions, unsurpassed either in humour, design, or 
 execution. The temperate habits of George III. in the 
 former, and the Epicurean manners of the Prince of 
 Wales in the latter, are portrayed with the most con- 
 summate ability. 
 
 Bengal Levee , from an original drawing made on the spot 
 by an amateur. 1792. Avery large and skilfully executed 
 plate. 
 
LIFE OF GILLRAY. 
 
 IX 
 
 The Dagger Scene, or the Plot discovered . 1792. The capital 
 representation of a well-known scene in the House of 
 Commons, in which Edmund Burke was the chief per- 
 former. 
 
 Fatigues of the Campaign in Flanders . 1793. The Duke 
 of York luxuriating in the company of the Elemish frows, 
 attended by his soldiers, who are bringing in large bowls 
 of punch. 
 
 The Loyal Toast. 1798. The Duke of Norfolk giving his 
 celebrated toast, “ The majesty of the people/’ at the 
 Crown and Anchor Tavern, for which he was dismissed 
 from his offices. 
 
 The consequences of a successful French Invasion ; a set of 
 four, plates, in which the horrors to be expected are given 
 with extraordinary spirit. No doubt these and other 
 similar caricatures produced a . great and powerful effect 
 on the minds of the English public, inspiring the people to 
 a determined resistance. 
 
 The Cow-pock, or the wonderful effects of the new Inoculation. 
 A very humorous burlesque on the popular opinions 
 respecting Jenner’s invaluable discovery. 
 
 V Assemblee Nationals, or a grand co-operative Meeting at 
 St. Anne's Hill , (the residence of Charles James Eox,) 
 respectfully dedicated to the admirers of a Broad Bottom! d 
 Administration . 1801. This we have no hesitation in 
 asserting to be the most talented caricature that has ever 
 appeared. The king is supposed to have been executed, 
 the republic proclaimed, and Eox, as first consul, is hold- 
 ing his levee at his house at St. Anne’s Hill. All the 
 leading Whigs are present, of whom the likenesses are 
 most admirable, and in the right corner is seen a portion 
 of the figure of the Prince of "Wales. This caricature 
 gave so much offence to the prince that he offered a large 
 sum of money for its suppression, which being accepted, 
 he ordered the plate to be destroyed. It was the misfor- 
 tune of the prince and those by whom he was surrounded 
 to place reliance on each other ; the plate was not de- 
 stroyed, it was secreted, and still exists. It will be found 
 in the collection published by Mr. Bohn. 
 
X 
 
 LIFE OF GILLRAY. 
 
 The King of Brobdingnag (sic) and Gulliver (George III. 
 
 and Buonaparte) ; two plates. 1803 and 1804. 
 
 The Middlesex Election. 1804. Sir Brands Burdett dragged 
 in his carriage to the poll by the Duke of Norfolk, Charles 
 Box, and other leading Whigs. 
 
 The Reconciliation between George III. and the Prince of 
 Wales, 1804. Admirably treated. 
 
 The Life of William Cobbett, written by himself ; eight sati- 
 rical plates. 1809. 
 
 Installation of the Chancellor of Oxford , (Lord Grenville,) 
 Ang. 8, 1810 ; a large plate, and the last political engrav- 
 ing having his name. 
 
 Other pieces not of a political nature, but full of humour, 
 and sometimes severely satirical on the fashionable frivoli- 
 ties of the time, wherein he did not spare the persons of 
 the prime leaders of the ton , may be added : 
 
 A Pic-Nic Orchestra, in which are introduced the portraits 
 of the Marchionesses of Buckinghamshire and Salisbury, 
 Lord Cholmondcley, Charles Grenville, &c. 
 
 Dilettanti Theatricals , in which the same characters are in- 
 troduced. 
 
 Blowing up the Pic-Nics ; the same parties assailed by 
 Sheridan in the character of Harlequin, assisted by Mrs. 
 Siddons and John Kemble. 
 
 The Bulstrode Siren. Mrs. Billington and the Duke of 
 Portland, 
 
 Push-pin. Duke of Queensberry and Miss Yanneck, 
 
 Portraits innumerable of leaders of the fashions then in 
 vogue, both males and females, with whose names the 
 editor has been made acquainted, but which had better 
 be consigned to oblivion. 
 
 Twopenny Whist. The party consists of Betty Marshall, 
 the assistant to Mrs. Humphreys, Mrs. Turner, Mr. 
 Mortimer, and a German of the name of Schotter. Betty 
 Marshall is showing the trump card. 
 
 Cockney Sportsmen , in four plates ; 1800. 
 
 Elements of Skating, in four plates ; 1805. 
 
 Rake's Progress at the University , five plates ; 1806. 
 
LIFE OF GILLRAY. 
 
 XI 
 
 The last plate from the burin of Gillray is, A Barber’s 
 Shop in Assize time ; it is dated May 15th, 1818, but was 
 probably engraved January 9th, 1811, the date figured in 
 the corner. It is from a drawing by Bunbury. 
 
 Gillray’ s works have been always highly esteemed; some 
 time since they were produced in a collected form, and 
 have lately passed into the hands of Mr. II . G. Bohn, by 
 whom they have been re-published at a price that renders 
 them generally attainable. 
 
 Gillray was unfortunately an example of the imprudence 
 that so frequently accompanies genius and great talent — 
 his habits were in the highest degree intemperate. For 
 many years he resided in the houses of his publisher 
 Mrs. Humphrey, in New and Old Bond Streets, and 
 lastly, in St. James’s Street, by whom he was most 
 liberally supplied 'with every indulgence. During this time 
 he produced nearly all his most celebrated works, which 
 were bought up with unparalleled eagerness, and circulated 
 not only throughout England, but all over Europe. Though 
 under a positive engagement not to work for any other 
 publisher, yet, to satisfy his insatiable desire for strong 
 drink, he now and then etched plates for Mr. Fores of Pic- 
 cadilly, disguising, in some instances very successfully, both 
 his style and handling. It has been whispered that there 
 was a liaison between Gillray and Mrs. Humphrey not 
 essential to their relation as designer and publisher; it 
 is due to the memory of the lady to contradict that 
 slander ; such a liaison did not exist. The writer asserts 
 this from information derived from persons of the strictest 
 morals, who were intimately acquainted with Mrs. Hum- 
 phrey for more than thirty years, and at whose family 
 table Gillray and Mrs. Humphrey dined on Christmas day 
 regularly for more than the last twenty years of his life, 
 previous to his insanity. 
 
Xll 
 
 LIFE OF GILLRAY. 
 
 It has been before observed that the last of his works 
 is dated 1811; soon after this he sank into a state of 
 mingled imbecility and delirium, and once during a 
 paroxysm attempted self-destruction, by throwing himself 
 from an upper window of the house in St. James’s Street, 
 a fact which the writer of this perfectly well remem- 
 bers, as he happened to be passing at the time, and 
 witnessed the struggle between Gillray and the parties who 
 prevented him. He at length expired in 1815, and was 
 buried in the churchyard of St. James, Piccadilly, near to 
 the Rectory House. A flat stone is placed over his grave, 
 on which is inscribed, “In Memory of Mr. James 
 Gillray the Caricaturist, who departed this life 1st June, 
 1815, aged 58 years.” 
 
 There exists a specimen of his knowledge of the art of 
 lithography. It represents a Domestic Musical Party ; the 
 mother is playing on the piano-forte, the husband stands 
 behind her playing the flute, the children are singing. It 
 exhibits considerable ability, and is excessively rare ; only 
 one impression has come under my notice. He engraved 
 on wood a medallion portrait of William Pitt, placed 
 against a rustic monument overshadowed by the branches 
 of an oak, with an anchor and other emblems at bottom. 
 (See vignette on the title-page of the folio volume.) He 
 also engraved a few small woodcuts, among which are, 
 A Woman Crying Fish, A Boy near a Cottage drinking, 
 and A Beggar at a Door. Of these last, the only impres- 
 sions we have seen are in the collection of Mr. Haviland 
 Burke. 
 
 GEORGE STANLEY. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The history of Gillray’s Caricatures, affords a remarkable 
 iustance of the vicissitudes of literary property. The En- 
 gravings to which the present volume forms a descriptive 
 accompaniment, belonged, for the most part, to the late 
 Mrs. Humphrey, the well-known publisher of Caricatures 
 in St. James’s Street. For many years they produced her 
 a considerable income, and were accordingly valued at a 
 large sum — several thousand pounds. When the trade 
 in them began somewhat to decline, Mrs. Humphrey had 
 occasion to raise money, and obtained a loan of upwards of 
 a thousand pounds upon a deposit of the coppers. After 
 vainly endeavouring for some years to sell these for suffi- 
 cient to cover principal and interest, with a residue to 
 herself, she put them up to auction, but bought them in 
 for want of a sufficient bidding. Subsequently, she offered 
 them, with consent of the lien-holder, to the present 
 Publisher for eight hundred pounds, and actually refused 
 five hundred. After the lapse of about three years she 
 would have accepted the five hundred, or even less, but 
 the time having then past for expensive publications as a 
 judicious investment, the Publisher declined any further 
 negociation, and the coppers remained in statu quo till the 
 day of her death. The executors, probably not aware of 
 what had passed, and unable to meet with a purchaser at 
 the value of engravings, sold them for old copper, that is, 
 for about as many shillings as Mrs. Humphrey had once 
 
XIV 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 refused pounds. By mere accident the Publisher heard 
 of this transaction just in time to rescue them from the 
 melting pot, and the public in consequence are now pre- 
 sented, for a few guineas, with a volume, which, under 
 ordinary circumstances, would have cost four or five times 
 as much. 
 
 Upon obtaining possession of these coppers, the Pub- 
 lisher made diligent search for those which he found to 
 be missing, and discovered a considerable number in dif- 
 ferent places, but principally with Mr. Fores of Piccadilly. 
 Among these were those capital and highly finished 
 compositions, ct The National Debt,” “ Ancient Music,” 
 “ Monstrous Craws,” “ March to the Bank,” “ Wife and 
 no Wife,” “ The Morning after Marriage,” “ Hopes of 
 the Party,” & c. After collecting together whatever 
 
 plates he could meet with, the Publisher proceeded to 
 arrange them in two divisions — the one Political, 
 the other Humorous — each according to the date of 
 publication. He then wrote out their respective titles, 
 and identified the characters as far as his own knowledge 
 and the information he could gain permitted, and with the 
 MS. thus far prepared, sought an editor. 
 
 Mr. Wright, who had just then published his “ History 
 of the House of Hanover, illustrated by Caricatures,” 
 kindly undertook the task, and is responsible for the 
 embryo of most of the articles. His numerous avocations 
 however rendering it impossible for him to carry out the 
 labour of investigation to its full extent, Mr. B. H. Evans, 
 long known as a bibliopole of high attainments, as well as 
 for his energetic advocacy of political liberty and familiar 
 knowledge of all that concerns the history of the Whig 
 party, consented to lend his valuable aid. To this gen- 
 tleman we are accordingly indebted for some very inter- 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 XV 
 
 esting articles, especially those relating to Fox, Sheridan, 
 Lord Holland, the Duke of Bedford, Duke of Norfolk, 
 Grattan, Tierney, &c. &c. Besides these, he has very 
 successfully elucidated the plates relating to Boy dell, 
 the Ireland forgeries, the Gunnings, Lord Petrels dinner, 
 &c. Among his more important contributions, the follow- 
 ing deserve particular mention : Nos. 6, 96, 139, 154, 161, 
 164, 173, 174, 182, 195, 198, 199, 201, 202, 207, 214, 
 245, 253, 256, 259, 269, 293, 303, 305, 319, 329, 331, 335, 
 343, 349, 351, 352, 356, 366, 368, 377, 378, 380, 382, 385, 
 394, 441. 
 
 Independent of the labours of his editors, the Publisher 
 has taken every opportunity of consulting those who were 
 likely to be versed in the political and social history of 
 the period, or were collectors of Gillray’s engravings ; and 
 he has to thank his friend Mr. Wm. Smith the well known 
 connoisseur of etchings, Mr. Haviland Burke, and Mr. 
 Hawkins of the British Museum, all enthusiastic admirers 
 and collectors of Gillray’s Works, for several valuable 
 communications. 
 
 H. G. B. 
 
DESCRIPTION 
 
 OF 
 
 GILL RAY’S CARICATURES. 
 
 POLITICAL SERIES.— (Plates I to 366.) 
 
 1 . 
 
 PADDY ON HORSEBACK. March 4th , 1779. 
 
 During the year 1779, the trade of the Irish merchants 
 was in a very depressed state, owing partly to the American 
 war, and an outcry was raised for new commercial regula- 
 tions for the relief of the sister island. The Irish, indeed, 
 seemed inclined to imitate the proceedings of the mer- 
 chants of Boston. The consequence was, that the question 
 of relief for Ireland was very much agitated in England. 
 This early production of Gillray seems to refer partly to 
 the question thus agitated, and to the popular notion then 
 prevalent that the Irish came into England as successful 
 fortune-hunters, and that they were well received among 
 the ladies. 
 
 2 . 
 
 BANCO TO THE KNAVE. April 12th, 1782. 
 
 wilkes. north , (in the centre.) Rockingham, fox. keppel. 
 
 DUNNING. DUKE OF RICHMOND. SIR GREY COOPER. 
 
 LORD CHANCELLOR THURLOW. 
 
 On the defeat of Lord North, and the formation of the 
 Rockingham Administration at the end of March, 1782. 
 Fox is very evidently the gainer at this political game, 
 
 B 
 
2 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 while Lord North is completely bankrupt. The ex- 
 premier was subject to a constitutional somnolency, which 
 attacked him even on the Treasury Bench with irresistible 
 force, and which neither the animated declamations of 
 Fox, nor the pathetic invocations of Burke could always 
 prevent. He seldom or never took notes, trusting to his 
 memory for retaining the principal facts which occurred 
 during the preceding discussion. Sir Grey Cooper, how- 
 ever, one of the Secretaries of the Treasury, who com- 
 monly sat on his left hand, supplied on particular occasions 
 that deficiency, by giving the word or subject, “the Parole ,” 
 Gillrav has here bestowed upon him the sobriquet of 
 Parole. The despair depicted on the features of the 
 master is reflected on those of his dejected follower, who 
 appears to be sunk in despondency at the loss of his occu- 
 pation. Sir Grey Cooper is represented as saying, “ I 
 want a new master,” and he got one the next year, when 
 the Coalition Ministry was arranged, being appointed one 
 of the Lords of the Treasury by the influence of Lord 
 North. Lord Chancellor Thurlow, who retained his office 
 in both Administrations, is supposed to be the “ shuffler” 
 seated with his back to the spectator. It is difficult at 
 this distant period to identify the other characters, but no 
 doubt they represent the leading politicians of the day. 
 
 3. 
 
 RODNEY INTRODUCING DE GRASSE. 
 
 June ‘Jth , 1782. 
 
 DE GRASSE. ADM. RODNEY. FOX. GEORGE III. ADM. KEPPEL. 
 
 Rodney^s great naval victory of the 12th of August, 
 1782, in which the French Admiral De Grasse was taken 
 prisoner and brought to England, occurred just at the mo- 
 ment of a change of Ministry. The Whigs, while out, 
 had attacked bitterly the management of the Admiralty 
 under Lord Sandwich, whose place, on the resignation of 
 the Tories, was given to the Whig Admiral Keppel. The 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 3 
 
 first act of the Whig Administration was to recall Rodney, 
 and the order for his recall had departed from the British 
 shores when the news of this victory arrived. The victor 
 was rewarded with a very moderate pension, and the lowest 
 peerage, a barony, but he was deprived of the command of 
 the fleet. Fox and Keppel, on each side of the throne, 
 here shew their embarrassment at the unfortunate occur- 
 rence of Rodney’s victory. 
 
 4. 
 
 ST. GEORGE AND THE DRAGON. June 13th, 1782. 
 
 FOX. RODNEY. 
 
 The allusions are the same as in the preceding plate. 
 Fox’s haste to reward the victorious admiral is a happy 
 burlesque. The dragon (France) is disgorging frogs (the 
 diet for which our neighbours were then famed), compelled 
 by the new St. George (Admiral George Rodney). 
 
 5 . 
 
 THE CHURCH MILITANT. Sept, 5th , 1779. 
 
 The allusion appears to be the zeal shewn by the Church 
 in supporting the Government in the war against the Ame- 
 rican colonies, and in the new war against Spain, which 
 broke out in the autumn of 1779. Cornwallis Archbishop 
 of Canterbury, Markham Archbishop of York, and Butler 
 Bishop of Oxford, all political partizans of Lord North, 
 are probably among these clerical warriors. 
 
 Horace Walpole, in a letter dated rather earlier, writes: 
 — “ Our Abbots and Whitgifts now see with what suc- 
 cesses and consequences their preaching up a crusade 
 against America has been crowned! Archbishop Mark- 
 ham may have an opportunity of exercising his martial 
 prowess. I doubt he would resemble Bishop Crewe more 
 than good Mr. Baker. Let us respect those only who are 
 Israelites indeed.” 
 
 b 2 
 
4 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 6 . 
 
 IRISH GRATITUDE. Junel3th, 1782. 
 
 grattan. e, s. perry, (Speaker of the Irish House of Commons.) 
 
 In 1782, on the 31st of May, the Irish Parliament 
 voted the sum of £50,000 for purchasing an estate, and 
 erecting a mansion thereon, to be settled on Grattan, and 
 his heirs, as a reward for his exertions in the cause of Irish 
 independence. 
 
 The circumstances attending this Parliamentary grant 
 to the Right Hon. Henry Grattan were so extraordinary 
 and unprecedented in the annals of our history, that we 
 shall give a rapid sketch of the events that preceded and 
 produced it. 
 
 In the year 1780, the resources of Great Britain seemed 
 nearly exhausted by the long and unsuccessful war with 
 America and France. Spain and Holland had recently 
 joined her enemies. To crown her embarrassments, the 
 armed neutrality of the Northern Powers of Europe was 
 announced, which was little less than war in disguise. The 
 invasion of Ireland was menaced. 
 
 At this crisis was formed the celebrated body of Irish 
 Volunteers, consisting of many of the nobility, persons of 
 the largest landed property, merchants and tradesmen of 
 Ireland. Their avowed object, at first, was to guard against 
 the dangers of foreign invasion. It soon, however, became 
 evident, that the Volunteers constituted an armed delibe- 
 rative body, which it was almost impossible to control, and 
 dangerous to disband. The peril was greatly increased 
 by their invitations to all parts of the country to reinforce 
 them with delegates. Even Ulster, the loyal and peaceable 
 Ulster, furnished its quota. Lord Charlemont might be 
 considered the organiser and director of the military move- 
 ments, and Mr. Grattan the suggester and framer of their 
 political demands. The Volunteers now declared their 
 intention to confine their efforts to two points ; the defence 
 of the empire, and the restoration of the Constitution. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 5 
 
 But in 1781, they assumed a bolder tone, and declared 
 that nothing could or ought to satisfy Ireland, but com- 
 plete legislative independence, and the solemn renunciation 
 of Great Britain of any claim to legislative control. The 
 most exciting language was used. Mr. Grattan declared 
 he would not accept even Magna Charta itself, if it were 
 the gift of Great Britain. Mr. Flood exhorted them to 
 secure their liberties : “ They had the Constitution in 
 their hands, they had the Constitution in their arms/” 
 
 The House of Commons voted an address to the King 
 stating “No power on earth can bind them, but the King, 
 Lords and Commons of Ireland, and they would not part 
 with their liberties but with their lives.” Even the Earl 
 of Carlisle, the Lord Lieutenant, privately informed the 
 English Ministers he could not answer for the safety of 
 Ireland if some considerable concessions were not made 
 to the people. The Ministers, however, seemed infatuated, 
 and the British House of Commons was prorogued without 
 any redress of Irish grievances. An explosion might 
 now be reasonably expected, and a civil war might have 
 taken place, when fortunately, early in 1782, Lord North’s 
 Administration was removed, and the Rockingham Admi- 
 nistration succeeded. Without loss of time, the Duke of 
 Portland was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. The 
 Marquis of Rockingham wrote a private letter to Lord 
 Charlemont, assuring him that the Duke had received the 
 most ample instructions on the part of his Majesty to make 
 a complete renunciation of the Legislative authority of 
 Great Britain, and to confirm the Legislative independence 
 of Ireland. He conjured him by their ancient friendship, 
 and still more by the patriotic love of his country to tran- 
 quillize Ireland, now all their grievances would be redressed. 
 Mr. Fox wrote to Mr. Grattan to the same effect. The 
 answers to each letter were firm, but most courteous and 
 conciliatory. 
 
 On the 14th of April the Duke of Portland arrived in 
 Dublin. On the 2 7th of May he opened both Houses 
 
6 
 
 GILLRAY^S CARICATURES. 
 
 with a speech from the Throne. The first paragraph will 
 long be remembered in the history of Great Britain and 
 Ireland. 
 
 “ It gives me the utmost satisfaction that the first time 
 I have occasion to address you, I find myself enabled by 
 the magnanimity of the King, and the wisdom of the Par- 
 liament of Great Britain to assure you that immediate 
 attention has been paid to your representation, and that 
 the British Legislature has concurred in a resolution to 
 remove the causes of your discontents and jealousies, and 
 are united in a desire to gratify every wish expressed in 
 your late addresses to the throne.”* 
 
 On the return of the Commons to their own House, 
 a tumult of joy was displayed and the utmost delight was 
 expressed by every section of the Assembly. 
 
 Mr. Grattan rose to move the address. In the course of 
 his speech, he observed, cc The great magnanimity in 
 the conduct of Britain is that every thing is given up un- 
 conditionally. This must for evermore remove suspicion. 
 We have now recovered a Constitution , and our business 
 is not to advance , but maintain it” 
 
 Mr. Flood said, Nothing appeared to him, at present, 
 that could disturb the general harmony.” 
 
 The Address was carried, with only two dissentient 
 voices. 
 
 No sooner was the Address declared to be carried than 
 Mr. Bagenal, without the slightest communication with 
 any party, rose, and testifying his great joy at the trium- 
 phant establishment of the Legislative Independence of 
 Ireland, asked, But to whom does the Empire owe all 
 this? To a man who has resolved to take no reward 
 from Government. Shall every body have what they 
 ought except him alone, to whom every individual is so 
 much indebted, and by whose example every individual in 
 the universe may be so much benefited ? He has saved the 
 
 9 See Parliamentary Register of the Commons of Ireland, Vol. I. p. 334. 
 Dublin, 1784. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 7 
 
 Empire from an iron age, and restored an unequivocal 
 golden one.” fC I believe there is no one, who would not 
 blush to think that a Grattan’s child might point to a 
 statue or monument, and say, that was my father, your 
 benefactors only reward.” 
 
 He then gave notice that on the next day, he would 
 move for a Committee to state what sum we should grant 
 for the purchase of an estate, and building a suitable man- 
 sion for our illustrious benefactor. 
 
 On May 30, Mr. Bagenal moved in the Committee, 
 “ that £100,000. be granted to purchase an estate, and 
 building a mansion for Henry Grattan, Esq. and the heirs 
 of his body.” 
 
 Sir Henry Cavendish said, the nation could not bear 
 such a sum, nor would Mr. Grattan* s own delicacy permit 
 him to accept it. Half the money moved for would 
 purchase £2000 per annum, and £10,000 would be 
 amply sufficient to erect a house, and provide a proper 
 equipage.” 
 
 Sir Boyle Roche observed, ec England rewarded the 
 Duke of Marlborough, and she rewarded the Earl of Chat- 
 ham, but we have more abundant cause to reward our 
 great patriot , and if yesterday it was right to vote £100,000 
 to England for restoring our rights,* surely this day it is 
 right to vote the same sum to him who caused the resto- 
 ration.” 
 
 Mr. Bagenal then rose and said, “ When he made the 
 motion, he could not for the dignity of the nation think of 
 a less sum, but as gentlemen differed from him, and as it 
 came from Mr. Grattan’s particular friends, he should alter 
 his motion to £50,000.” 
 
 Mr. Conolly was happy to inform the House, a that the 
 Lord Lieutenant did most perfectly coincide in their 
 
 * The House had voted 20,000 seamen for his Majesty's navy, and it was 
 ostentatiously announced that the Volunteers cheerfully engaged to contribute 
 their aid towards raising that sum. See Hardy's “ Life of Charlemont,” 
 vol. ii. p. 23. 
 
8 
 
 GILLKAy’s CARICATURES. 
 
 generous intentions, so congenial to his own feelings, and 
 that the memory of such great events might he perpe- 
 tuated, he wished to relinquish to the nations esteem 
 that house in the park, which Parliament has lately 
 purchased for the country residence of his Majesty’s repre- 
 sentative.’’ 
 
 Rt. Hon. Col. Fitzpatrick, (Secretary for Ireland) said, 
 u The power of rewarding merit was one of the noblest 
 branches of the Royal prerogative of the Crown. He 
 could wish to have seen it come from the Royal hand. But 
 as the merit of the man was unprecedented, he hoped that 
 the present reward would not be admitted as a precedent 
 in future.” 
 
 On the following day, May 31, the House agreed to the 
 report from the Committee, <c that an humble address be 
 presented to his Grace the Lord Lieutenant, praying him 
 to lay before his Majesty their address, that he would be 
 pleased to order £50,000. to be issued and granted to the 
 Rt. Hon. Henry Grattan, &c. &c. and that the House 
 would make good the same.”* 
 
 Thus terminated this remarkable affair, in which the 
 House of Commons, and the Lord Lieutenant seemed to 
 compete with eachother in securing popularity, by the re- 
 cognition of the services of Mr. Grattan, and their proposi- 
 tions for heaping honours on him. But Grattan would not 
 accept any donative, which did not emanate from the people, 
 or their representatives in Parliament. 
 
 We shall conclude our account with the following excel- 
 lent observation, extracted from Hardy’s ‘‘Life of Lord 
 Charlemont.’’ Hume says “ that the Revolution of 1688, 
 was accomplished by the first persons in the country, in 
 rank and intellect, leading the people. Hence it ended in 
 liberty, not in confusion. The Revolution in Ireland in 
 1782, was formed in a similar manner.” Vol. i. p. 387* 
 
 The Corporation of Dublin requested Mr. Grattan to 
 sit for his portrait to adorn their Council Chamber. 
 
 * Parliamentary Register of Ireland, vol. ii. p. 23. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 9 
 
 GUY YAUX. 
 
 7 . 
 
 No date . 
 
 GEO. III. DUKE OF RICHMOND. FOX. BURKE. KEPPEL. 
 
 SHELBURNE. DUNNING. 
 
 This caricature, which is not dated, relates to the intrigues 
 of the Opposition to overthrow Lord North’s Administra- 
 tion in 1782. Fox holds the dark lanthorn in his left hand, 
 and the barrel of gunpowder is under Lord Shelburne’s 
 left arm. 
 
 8 . 
 
 THE JUBILEE. August Znd, 1782. 
 
 THE DUKE OF GRAFTON. GEN. CONWAY. LORD SHELBURNE. 
 
 On the death of the Marquis of Rockingham, and the 
 appointment of Lord Shelburne as the First Lord of the 
 Treasury, Fox, who had aspired to the control of the Ca- 
 binet, with his adherents, Burke, Lord John Cavendish, 
 &c. quitted office, calculating that their example would be 
 followed by the Duke of Grafton (who was appointed 
 Lord Privy Seal), General Conway, the Commander-in- 
 Chief, and other leading members of the administration. 
 In this expectation they were disappointed, and in conse- 
 quence the ensuing debate on Colonel Barre’s pension was 
 characterised by much personality and bitterness. To the 
 attacks of Fox on the new First Lord of the Treasury, as 
 about to bring forward dangerous and fatal measures, 
 Conway replied, though with moderation : — “ With solemn 
 protestations he declared that he had not been able to dis- 
 cover the slightest intention on the part of the new First 
 Minister to abandon the principles upon which the admi- 
 nistration was originally constituted.” Burke, after treating 
 Conway with great severity for trusting to Lord Shelburne’s 
 professions, compared the General to the little Red Riding 
 Hood, who mistook a wolf for her grandmother. Gillray 
 has here drawn the General as hood-winked, and led in 
 triumph by the double-faced Premier. The younger mem- 
 
10 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 bers of the new Cabinet are represented as rats, in allusion 
 to their alleged desertion of their principles and party. 
 
 9. 
 
 THE W— ST— R JUST-ASSES A BRAYING ; OR 
 THE DOWNFALL OF THE E. O. TABLE. 
 
 August 26th, 1782. 
 
 This appears to allude to some active measures taken at 
 this period for the suppression of gambling in private 
 establishments, while it was publicly tolerated on the 
 Stock Exchange. We find the following paragraph in the 
 Daily Advertiser, July 31, 1782 : — 
 
 “ Late on Monday night Justices Wright and Addington visited, with a 
 strong body of constables, several E. O. Tables at the west end of the town, 
 and in the neighbourhood of Covent Garden, which they broke up, and took 
 the persons they found at play, with the Masters of the Tables, into custody, 
 and lodged them in Covent Garden Round-house. About the same time a 
 detachment of civil officers visited a table in St. Martin ’s-le- Grand, which 
 they broke into pieces. 
 
 “■ There were eight tables broken in the whole, and twenty persons appre- 
 hended, who were examined yesterday at the Public Office in Bow Street, and 
 were released on their giving bail never again to be found at any of these 
 tables.’ ’ 
 
 “ Yesterday a noted E. O. Table was destroyed in a private court, near 
 Queen Anne Street, Mary Bone, and one of the Proprietors taken in custody 
 by the police officers.” — August 24th. 
 
 10 . 
 
 the V COMMITTEE FRAMING A REPORT. 
 
 August 12th, 1782. 
 
 “ Not Atkinson with stronger terror started, 
 
 (Somewhat afraid, perchance, of being carted), 
 
 When Justice, a sly dame, one day thought fit 
 To pay her serious compliments to Kit, 
 
 Ask’d him a few short questions about corn , 
 
 And whisper’d, she believed he was forsworn ; 
 
 Then hinted, that he probably would find, 
 
 That, though she sometimes winked, she was not blind.” 
 
 Peter Pindar. 
 
 “ Not pillories, obeying Law’s stern voice,’ 
 
 Can more rejoice 
 
 To hold Kit Atkinson’s two ears.” 
 
 Ibid. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES, 
 
 11 
 
 On the conviction of Christopher Atkinson, Member of 
 Parliament for Hey don, Yorkshire, of peculation in his 
 office of Corn-factor to the Victualling Board. A Com- 
 mittee of the House of Commons, on which were many of 
 ffiis own friends, was appointed to examine into the charges 
 against him. The portraits of the members of this Com- 
 mittee are given in Gillray’s plate. The next year Atkinson 
 vras brought to trial in the Court of King’s Bench for 
 perjury, found guilty, and was in consequence expelled the 
 House of Commons, December 4, 1784. He appealed to 
 the House of Lords against his sentence, but it was con- 
 firmed with the concurrence of all the Judges, July 1, 1785 ; 
 and in the same year, on the 25th of November, he was 
 pilloried in Mark Lane. 
 
 This is the most highly finished of Gillray’s early prints, 
 and is very rare. The following verses, published to 
 accompany it, are transcribed from an unique impression 
 in the possession of Mr. George Fores, (son of the pub- 
 lisher). The figures in the plate, no doubt, refer to a key, 
 of which, however, no trace is now to be found. No. 7 is 
 probably Bamber Gascoyne, junr. His house at Barking 
 had two fronts, and was called Bifrons. He was a parti- 
 cular friend of Atkinson’s. 
 
 THE COMMITTEE. 
 
 A NEW SONG OF THE YEAR 1782. 
 
 1 . 
 
 All you who would guess at the word call’d Committee, 
 
 Attend to my song, and I warrant I’ll fit you ; 
 
 But of what you shall hear pray don’t speak like a mouse, 
 
 As it happen’d, indeed, in the p******** T (Parliament) House. 
 
 Derry down, &c. 
 
 2 . 
 
 It happen’d, I won’t pretend how long ago. 
 
 One a******n (Atkinson) would his Integrity shew ; 
 
 When publicly charged by the Friends of the Nation, 
 
 Of having been guilty of deep Peculation. 
 
 Derry down, &c. 
 
12 
 
 GILLRAY^S CARICATURES. 
 
 3 . 
 
 t( I’m as guiltless,” says he, “as the child that’s unborn. 
 
 Of o’ercharging their malt, their oats, pease, or their corn ; 
 Though corn altogether, no doubt, they may be, 
 
 I agreed with the V*********g (Victualling) and had but Mi* 
 Fee.” 
 
 Derry down, &c. 
 
 4 . 
 
 As the man spoke so fairly, what more could be done 
 Than appoint a Committee to bring the case on? 
 
 But who could have thought that this scandalous Elf 
 Would have sat on this very Committee himself ? 
 
 Derry down, &c. 
 
 5 . 
 
 W***b***d (Whitbread?) in the chair, attending all the rest, 
 B**g**ne (Burgoyne) in a sensible speech them address’d ; 
 When, somehow or other, old Bam, Air (Eyre), and K**ke 
 (Kirke),* 
 
 Conceiv’d that the whole was a poor piece of work. 
 
 Derry down, &c. 
 
 6 . 
 
 Bam bullied the evidence — ’tis plain for hire, 
 
 Assisted therein by his staunch Lawyer, Air ; 
 
 Yet in private they said — and ’tis certainly true, — 
 
 His cause was so bad, they could ne’er bring him through. 
 
 Derry down, &c. 
 
 7 . 
 
 For burning his books, and his oath too denying. 
 
 We all must agree, was a new mode of lying ; 
 
 His Lighterman, too, was in wickedness ripe. 
 
 When he said, with his Books that he lighted his Pipe. 
 
 Derry down, &c. 
 
 8 . 
 
 Though Twitch ER f appointed him unto that place, 
 
 He was discharg’d from it with Shame and Disgrace. 
 
 Take warning, my friends, by his merited Fall, 
 
 Lest you lose a Plenty by grasping at all. 
 
 Derry down, &c. 
 
 * Bamber Gascoyne was one who appeared in Atkinson’s favour ; James 
 Kirke, one of the Victualling Commissioners. 
 
 t Lord Sandwich, who went commonly by the nick-name of Jemmy Twitcher. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 13 
 
 9. 
 
 For so was the Dog in the fable betray’d. 
 
 Who let go the substance to snap at the shade ; 
 
 At his loss, like a dog, he long may have repin’d, 
 
 Unpitied by all honest Men in their mind. 
 
 Derry down, &c. 
 
 10 . 
 
 Then here’s to Sir Philip,* (my friends, push it round). 
 
 And all the Committee who honest were found ; 
 
 May each worthy member still stick to his tenet, 
 
 While A******n trembles at the name of one B*NN*TTf (Ben- 
 nett.) Derry down, &c. 
 
 11 . 
 
 GLORIA MUNDI ; or, THE DEVIL ADDRESSING 
 THE SUN. July 22nd, (1782). 
 
 FOX. LORD SHELBURNE. 
 
 On the secession of Fox from the Shelburne Adminis- 
 tration. Fox, in the character of the Evil One, his pockets 
 emptied through his unfortunate propensity to gambling, 
 looking with envy at Lord Shelburne in power, and re- 
 gretting the lucrative place he had quitted. 
 
 The title of this plate is in allusion to Satan’s Address to 
 the Sun, in Milton’s Paradise Lost. 
 
 12 . 
 
 THE LORD OF THE VINEYARD. April 3rd, 1783. 
 
 FOX. DUKE OF PORTLAND. LORD NORTH. 
 
 On the celebrated Coalition, and the negociation with 
 the Duke of Portland to form an Administration, after the 
 dismission of the Shelburne Ministry. The Coalition 
 Ministry, of which the Duke of Portland was the nominal 
 
 * Sir Philip Jennings Clerk, one of the Committee. 
 
 f Atkinson preferred a bill of indictment for perjury against Mr. Bennett, 
 for the evidence given on his trial. The Grand Jury, however, threw out the 
 bill with the strongest marks of indignation. 
 
14 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 head, but which was represented by Lord North, as Home 
 Secretary, and Mr. Fox, as Secretary for Foreign Affairs, 
 was announced on the 2nd of April, 1783. 
 
 13. 
 
 JUDGE THUMB ; or. Patent Sticks for Family 
 Correction: warranted Lawful! 
 
 November 2 f Jth,l'J82. 
 
 Alluding to an opinion publicly expressed by Judge 
 Buller, that a man might lawfully beat his wife with a 
 stick, if it were not thicker than his thumb. A witty 
 Countess is said to have sent the next day to require the 
 measurement of his thumb, that she might know the 
 precise extent of her husbands right. 
 
 14. 
 
 JACK A BOTH SIDES. July 17 th, 1783. 
 
 george hi. (as Justice in the cloud). shelburne. 
 
 DUKE OF PORTLAND. FOX. 
 
 Fox outweighing Shelburne in the political balance. On 
 the political rivalry between Shelburne and Fox during 
 the existence of the Coalition Ministry. 
 
 15. — 16. 
 
 WAR. March 9th, 1783. 
 
 LORD NORTH. FOX. BURKE. 
 
 NEITHER WAR NOR PEACE ! THE ASTONISH- 
 ING COALITION. March 9th , 1783. 
 
 FOX. LORD NORTH. BURKE. 
 
 These two caricatures relate to the coalition against the 
 Shelburne Administration, when Fox and Burke suddenly 
 joined Lord North, whom, when Prime Minister, they had 
 
POLITICAL SERIES, 
 
 15 
 
 attacked with extraordinary bitterness. In the first, it is 
 War to the uttermost, — in the second, the picture is 
 changed; but, though it is no longer War, the insinuation 
 is made that peace cannot have any real existence between 
 such discordant materials. In the latter plate, the new 
 confederates are attacking the preliminaries of peace. 
 
 In Feb. 1783, while Lord North, in one of his most 
 masterly speeches, was engaged in discussing a serious 
 point in the Preliminary Articles of Peace with America, 
 a dog, which had hidden itself under the benches of the 
 house, suddenly came forth and set up a hideous howl, 
 which, interrupting the speaker at such a moment, naturally 
 excited a roar of laughter, and would have disconcerted an 
 ordinary man. Lord North, however, having waited till 
 the intruder was ejected, and preserving all his gravity, 
 addressed the chair — Sir,” said he to the Speaker, “ as 
 the new member for Barkshire has concluded his argument, 
 I will now, with your leave, resume mine.” This circum- 
 stance is alluded to by the appearance of the dog in the 
 second of these plates. 
 
 17 . 
 
 AHITHOPHEL IN THE DUMPS. July 30th, 1785. 
 
 CHARLES JAMES FOX. 
 
 A satire on the weakness of Fox’s party in the Parlia- 
 ment which had been elected in the summer of the pre- 
 ceding year, after the overthrow of the Coalition Ministry. 
 No less than a hundred and sixty members of the former 
 Parliament were thrown out in this struggle, gaining for 
 themselves the sobriquet of Fox’s Martyrs , and the small 
 party of the opposition who remained were left to persist 
 in a hopeless struggle against the ministerial measures, 
 but the noise they made tended to keep up and increase 
 the popular agitation without. It was this circumstance 
 which provoked the Tory party to attack them with ex- 
 treme bitterness. 
 
16 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 18. 
 
 A NEW WAY TO PAY THE NATIONAL DEBT, 
 DEDICATED TO M. NECKER. April 21st , 1786. 
 
 QUEEN. GEO. III. PITT. PRINCE OF WALES. DUKE OF ORLEANS. 
 
 Much scandal was raised in the spring of 1786 by the 
 refusal of the King and his Minister to relieve the Prince 
 of Wales by paying off his heavy accumulation of debt. 
 The King and Queen are represented, with their then pro- 
 verbial avarice, as gathering in for themselves and hoard- 
 ing up the riches of the treasury, dispensing a share of it 
 only to their German favourites, while the Heir apparent 
 is left in rags and poverty to seek assistance of a foreign 
 prince. The motto on his crest (which is seen on the wall 
 just above him) is 46 ich starve ” in place of 4 ich dien .’ 
 The Duke of Orleans, who was proverbial for his riches, 
 and who had formed an intimacy with the Prince of Wales, 
 was in England at the time the question alluded to was in 
 agitation, and offered the Prince a loan of a considerable 
 sum to relieve him in his difficulties. Some of the Princess 
 friends, fearful of the consequences of such a transaction, 
 persuaded him to decline the offer. 
 
 19. 
 
 HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE. March, 1787- 
 
 MARQ. OF LANSDOWNE. DUKE OF RICHMOND. COLONEL BARrL 
 
 On the defeat of the project for fortifying the coast, 
 brought forward by the Duke of Richmond, who held the 
 office of Master-General of the Ordnance. This print 
 alludes to an altercation between the Duke of Richmond 
 and the Marquis of Lansdowne (Lord Shelburne had 
 received this title in 1784), in the course of the debate on 
 the Commercial Treaty, in the House of Lords, at the 
 close of February 1787* The Marquis is in the act 
 of cramming the physic, i.e. the Duke’s fortifications-. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 17 
 
 down his throat. The letter F. on the spoon is the first 
 stone, the others are ready at hand . 
 
 On the right hand Colonel Barre is introduced as an 
 experienced officer, well versed in the science and practice 
 of war. On the appointment of General Wolfe to the 
 command of the army of Canada, he requested Barre might 
 be his Adjutant- General, and he always placed the greatest 
 reliance on his judgment. At the battle of Quebec, he 
 was by the side of General Wolfe, and received a severe 
 wound in his head. His left eye was rendered useless. 
 Some years after he became quite blind, and he is here 
 led in by a veteran companion in arms. In the debate on 
 the Duke of Richmond’s Fortifications, he shewed the 
 total inefficiency of the plan, and adverted to what England 
 had done at former periods, particularly by Elizabeth at 
 the time of the Spanish Armada. She profited by the 
 collective wisdom of her most experienced military and 
 naval officers whom she ordered to prepare a plan adequate 
 to the crisis. He ridiculed the inexperience of the Duke of 
 Richmond, and asked if he had ever commanded an army, 
 or led one to victory ? — Hansard's Debates , vol. xxv. p. 386. 
 
 On the left hand, at the top, is a plan of the Fortifica- 
 tions of Cherburg. This alludes to the conclusion of the 
 Marquis of Lansdowne’s Speech on the Commercial 
 Treaty : — “ As to Cherburg, he thought that representa- 
 tions ought to have been made with regard to the works 
 going on there, and that it might have been done in 
 prudent, wise, and proper terms.” — Hansard , vol. xxvi. 
 p. 560. The Marquis here touched a chord in unison with 
 the public feeling. The destruction of the fortifications 
 of Cherburg has always been a favourite object with the 
 English. “In 1/56,” says Malte Brun, “the English 
 made themselves masters of it, plundered the inhabitants, 
 and razed the fortifications.” As the only post possessed 
 by France in the Channel, great pains and cost have been 
 expended by France within the last twenty years, in re- 
 pairing the fortifications, and securing the haven. 
 
18 
 
 GILLRA y’s CARICATURES. 
 
 The Duke of Richmond* s plan was rejected in the Com- 
 mons by the casting vote of the Speaker. 
 
 “ In Richmond’s Duke we see our own John Bull, 
 
 Of schemes enamoured, and of schemes the gull.” 
 
 Rolliad. 
 
 20 . 
 
 ANTICIPATION, OR THE APPROACHING FATE 
 OF THE FRENCH COMMERCIAL TREATY. 
 
 January 16^, 1787* 
 
 PITT. DUNDAS. PEPPER ARDEN. MACDONALD. SHERIDAN. 
 BURKE. FOX, LORD NORTH. 
 
 On the violent opposition in the House of Commons to 
 the French Commercial Treaty. The chief speakers in de- 
 fence of the treaty were Pitt, Dundas (who then filled the 
 office of Treasurer of the Navy), and the Attorney and 
 Solicitor General (Pepper Arden and Macdonald). It was 
 fiercely attacked by Lord North (whose slow, heavy bulk 
 couches down in the right hand corner, while he tears the 
 treaty savagely), Fox, Burke, and Sheridan. The names 
 of the Ministerial dogs are marked on their collars. The 
 inscription on Pitt’s collar is u Fawning Billy,” intimating 
 that he had crouched to France, and been overreached. 
 On Sheridan’s collar is Sc. for Scand. 
 
 21 . 
 
 A NOBLE LORD, ON AN APPROACHING PEACE, 
 TOO BUSY TO ATTEND TO THE EXPENDI- 
 TURE OF A MILLION OF PUBLIC MONEY. 
 
 March 12th, 1787. 
 
 THE MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE (LORD SHELBURNE.) 
 
 The insinuation intended to be conveyed, is that the 
 Marquis of Lansdowne, availed himself of his priority of 
 intelligence respecting the Preliminaries of Peace with 
 America, signed at Paris, (which the French courier has 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 19 
 
 secretly brought him) and speculated largely in the Funds. 
 They rose very considerably on the public announcement 
 of peace. The Marquis is represented as paying off the 
 Jews and other money lenders, to whom he was supposed 
 to be under great liabilities, from the profit. In 1787» 
 the Marquis strenuously defended the Commercial Treaty 
 with France, and Gillray took the opportunity of reviving 
 the scandal current in 1783. 
 
 It is a very singular coincidence, that the public scandal^ 
 of the day charged the Earl of Bute, when Prime Minister, 
 with having erected his splendid mansion in Berkeley 
 Square out of the money secretly given him by the French 
 Government for the large concessions made to them by the 
 Peace of Paris in 1763 ; and that a similar scandal accused 
 the Earl of Shelburne, when Prime Minister, of having 
 paid for the decorations and furniture of the same house 
 out of the profits of his speculations in the Funds on the 
 signature of the American Preliminaries at Paris in 1783. 
 
 22 . 
 
 THE BOARD OF CONTROUL; OR, THE BLESS- 
 INGS OF A SCOTCH DICTATOR. Mar. 20th, 1787- 
 
 DUNDAS. PITT. LORD SYDNEY. 
 
 Pitt is playing at push-pin with Lord Sydney (the 
 Secretary of State for Home Affairs), while Dundas is 
 managing, at his own will, the affairs of India. A party of 
 the needy countrymen of the latter are claiming his patron- 
 age, in allusion to some partiality he was said to have shewn. 
 The two pictures above allude to the India Bills brought 
 forward respectively by Fox and Pitt — the former, it was 
 pretended, acting towards the Company the part of the 
 highwayman, while Pitt acted as the cunning thief. On 
 the ground, the claims of Sir Elijah Impey, Major Scott, 
 and others, are thrown aside in neglect. 
 
 * See Wraxall’s Historical Memoirs, vol. 2, from page 66 to 71. 
 
 c 2 
 
20 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 23. 
 
 ANCIENT MUSIC. May 10th , 1787- 
 
 1. PITT. 2. KING. 3. QUEEN. 4. MAD. SCHWELLENBERG. 
 5. MISS JEFFS. 6. SIR WATKIN W. WYNN. 7. MR. ASH- 
 BRIDGE ( a kettle drummer of great celebrity). 8. mad. mara. 
 9. JOSHUA BATES. 10. DUKE OF RICHMOND. 11. MARQUIS 
 OF LANSDOWNE. 12. COLONEL BARRE. 13. SIR J. MAWBEY. 
 ‘14. ATTORNEY - GENERAL. 15. SOLICITOR - GENERAL. 16. 
 DUNDAS. 17. LORD LOUGHBOROUGH. 18. THE CHANCELLOR 
 
 (tiiurlow.) 
 
 “ Discord, who makes a King delight in Ode, 
 
 Slight Square of Hanover for Tottenham Road ; 
 
 Where with the taste sublime of Goth and Yandal, 
 
 He orders the worst works of heavy Handel ; 
 
 Encores himself till all the audience gape, 
 
 And suffers not a quaver to escape.”— 5 -Peter Pindar. 
 
 A satire upon the taste which George III. affected for 
 music, so often ridiculed by Peter Pindar. It is ex- 
 plained by the names of the Courtiers, &c. whose dis- 
 cordant notes give such delight to the royal ear. 
 
 24. 
 
 MONSTROUS CRAWS AT A NEW COALITION 
 FEAST. May 29th , 1787- 
 
 THE QUEEN. PRINCE OF WALES. GEORGE III. 
 
 On the Supplies, the great sums required for the Privy 
 Purse, and the demand for money to pay the debts of the 
 Prince of Wales, whose affairs were at this moment in great 
 embarrassment. The King and Queen were always accused 
 popularly of devouring the money of the nation with great 
 greediness. 
 
 25, 
 
 A MARCH TO THE BANK. August 22nd, 1787. 
 
 During the riots occasioned by Lord George Gordon in 
 1780, serious apprehensions were entertained for the safety 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 21 
 
 of the Bank. Since that period Government has assigned 
 the Bank a military guards which is stationed every even- 
 ing in the interior of the buildings, and remains till busi- 
 ness is resumed in the morning. The Directors keep a table 
 for the commanding officer. This humorous and very 
 clever print refers to their daily march up the Strand, 
 Fleet Street, and Cheapside. Marching two abreast along 
 these crowded thoroughfares, they jostled from the pave- 
 ment all who came in their way. The annoyance to the 
 public became so great, that about this time (1787)* it was 
 loudly protested against; and the evil was at length miti- 
 gated, by an order from head quarters, that they should in 
 future march only in single files, as they do at the present 
 day. 
 
 26. 
 
 BLACK DICK TURNED TAILOR. Febr. 4th, 1788. 
 
 LORD HOWE. 
 
 On some new regulations issued by Lord Howe, then 
 First Lord of the Admiralty, for the uniforms of Naval 
 Officers, and on some promotions and plans of reform in 
 his department, which were not very popular. The words 
 put into his mouth refer to the public complaints made 
 against him of passing over veterans in the service to 
 promote juniors. The matter was brought before both 
 Houses, and a motion for enquiry negatived by an un- 
 usually small majority. 
 
 27 - 
 
 THERE’S MORE WAYS THAN ONE. Vide Coali- 
 tion Expedients. February 18 th, 1788. 
 
 FOX. PITT. THURLOW. 
 
 Pitt and Thurlow were alarmed at the increasing popu- 
 
22 
 
 GILLRAY’s CARICATURES. 
 
 larity of Fox at this period. The latter, by mounting on 
 the charges against Warren Hastings, and other popular 
 questions, is very near reaching the grapes that are sus- 
 pended from the sign of the Crown — the sweets of office. 
 
 28 . 
 
 DIDO FORSAKEN. SIC TRANSIT GLORIA 
 
 REGINA. 
 
 May 21 st, 1787- 
 
 DUNDAS. PITT. MRS. FITZHERBERT. 
 
 WALES. NORTH. 
 
 fox. PRINCE OF 
 
 BURKE. 
 
 An allusion to the debate in the House of Commons on 
 the application for the payment of the Prince of Wales’s 
 debts, when the Prince’s friends, in his name, denied his 
 presumed marriage with Mrs. Fitzherbert. Mr. Rolle, 
 Member for Devonshire, however, had declared the sub- 
 ject affected the Constitution in Church and State,” 
 and that he would not consent to any grant of money for 
 the Prince till all doubts were removed. Mr. Fox replied, 
 that he had the immediate authority of the Prince to 
 contradict the report of the marriage in the fullest and 
 most unqualified terms ; and that the Prince was ready 
 to attend in the other House as a Peer of Parliament, 
 and answer any questions that might be put to him. Mr. 
 Pitt then declared himself satisfied. Mrs. Fitzherbert 
 never forgave Fox. It was commonly said, that she aspired 
 to sit on the Throne, and it was believed that she in- 
 fluenced the Prince in favouring the claims of the Catholics, 
 which is indicated by the implements in the foreground. 
 Fox, Lord North, and Burke, are carrying the Prince away 
 from her, while Pitt and Dundas are blowing from her 
 head the coronet of Princess of Wales, and the crown of 
 Queen ; and the forsaken and disappointed lady is prepared 
 to follow the example of Virgil’s Dido, when deserted by 
 the faithless iEneas. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 23 
 
 29 . 
 
 AMSTERDAM IN A DAM’D PREDICAMENT ; OR, 
 THE LAST SCENE OF THE REPUBLICAN 
 PANTOMIME. November 1st, 1787- 
 
 emperor OF AUSTRIA. CATHARINE OF RUSSIA. THE SULTAN. 
 PRINCE OF ORANGE. LOUIS XYI. OF FRANCE. GEORGE III. 
 
 On the revolution in Holland, in the summer and autumn 
 of 178?, and the triumph of the Prince of Orange over the 
 Republicans, who are here figured as bloated frogs. The 
 spectators of this strange drama are — on the right, in the 
 upper box, the King of France, protesting against the 
 intermediation of Prussia and England ; and below him, 
 the King of England, ready to attack him if he interferes. 
 On the left, the violent Empress of Russia (Catharine), 
 who is anxious to attack the Turk below, and the Empe- 
 ror of Austria, who is supporting her in setting him at 
 defiance. 
 
 30 . 
 
 BLOOD ON THUNDER FORDING THE RED 
 SEA. March Is#, 1788. 
 
 WARREN HASTINGS. THURLOW. 
 
 On the Trial of Warren Hastings. Lord Thurlowwas 
 the principal supporter of Warren Hastings in his perse- 
 cution, and is said to have received direct encouragement 
 from George III. He is here represented carrying Hastings 
 through the sea of blood which he was said to have shed 
 in India, and on which are floating the bodies of the mas- 
 sacred, whose fate was so pathetically described in the 
 glowing declamations of Burke. 
 
 31 . 
 
 THE POLITICAL BANDITTI ASSAILING THE 
 SAVIOUR OF INDIA. 1788. 
 
 BURKE. WARREN HASTINGS. LORD NORTH. FOX. 
 
 Warren Hastings assaulted by Burke, Lord North, and 
 
24 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 Fox, who instituted and conducted the attack against 
 him in the House of Commons. Peter Pindar alludes to 
 the subject in his “ Ode to Edmund/’ i. p. 412. 
 
 “ Much edified am I by Edmund Burke ; 
 
 Well pleased I see his mill -like mouth at work ; 
 
 Grinding away for poor old England’s good. 
 ****** 
 
 Now may not Edmund’s howlings be a sigh, 
 
 Pressing through Edmund’s lungs for loaves and fishes. 
 
 On which he long hath looked with longing eye, 
 
 To fill poor Edmund’s not o’er-burden’d dishes 
 
 “ Give Mun a sop, forgot will be complaint; 
 
 Britain be safe, and Hastings prove a saint.” 
 
 32. 
 
 WIFE OR NO WIFE; OR, A TRIP TO THE 
 CONTINENT. March 27th, 1788. 
 
 LORD NORTH. BURKE. PRINCE OF WALES. 
 
 MRS. FITZHERBERT. COLONEL HANGER. FOX. 
 
 On the secret marriage said to have taken place between 
 the Prince of Wales and Mrs. Fitzherbert. Fox is giving 
 away the bride; while Burke, in the disguise of a Jesuit, 
 is performing the ceremony. There are several allusions 
 to the Romanism of the lady. Lord North, who appears to 
 have acted as the driver in their 64 trip,” has fallen asleep. 
 They are said to have been married by the Rev. Samuel 
 Johnes, younger brother of Colonel Johnes, of Hafod, 
 translator of Froissart, &c. He was descended on the 
 maternal side from the Knights of Herefordshire, whose 
 name he assumed some years after. He is now Vicar of 
 All Hallows, Barking, and Rector of Welwyn, Herts. 
 
 33. 
 
 THE MORNING AFTER MARRIAGE; OR, A 
 SCENE ON THE CONTINENT. April 5th, 1788. 
 
 PRINCE OF WALES. MRS. FITZHERBERT. 
 
 A sequel to the foregoing print. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 25 
 
 34. 
 
 QUESTIONS AND COMMANDS ; OR, THE MIS- 
 TAKEN ROAD TO HEREFORD : A SUNDAY 
 EVENING’S AMUSEMENT. February 11 th, 1788. 
 
 PUKE AND DUCHESS OF GLOUCESTER. PRINCE WILLIAM OF 
 GLOUCESTER. 
 
 This appears to allude to some churchman seeking pre- 
 ferment through petticoat influence. The see of Hereford 
 became vacant in 1788, and Butler, who had been collated 
 to the see of Oxford, by his political friend and patron, 
 Lord North, much against the will of the Oxonians, was 
 about this period, translated to Hereford by the Pitt 
 Ministry, it is said to appease the dissatisfaction of the 
 University. It appears that Butler was a native of Ham- 
 burgh, and had never taken a degree in either of the Eng- 
 lish Universities. Hence the cold reception he met with 
 at Oxford. 
 
 35. 
 
 THE WESTMINSTER HUNT. 
 
 LORD NORTH. THURLOW. GEORGE III. BURKE. SIR 
 PHILIP FRANCIS. FOX. SHERIDAN. WARREN HASTINGS. 
 
 Thurlow riding on the King, and whipping back the 
 hounds, who had set upon Hastings.* The two sentinels 
 at the gate appear to be Pitt and Lord Sydney. 
 
 36. 
 
 MARKET DAY. “ Sic itur ad astraF May Znd, 17 88. 
 
 GEORGE III. WARREN HASTINGS. EARL OF DERBY. DUNDAS. 
 PITT. THURLOW. FOX. BURKE. SHERIDAN. LANSDOWNE. 
 
 A satire on the supposed venality of Parliament. Thur- 
 low, who was believed to be the great buyer in the House 
 of Lords, has a full fold behind him, in which we perceive, 
 
26 
 
 GlLLRAY^S CARICATURES. 
 
 among other countenances, those of Lord Sydney and the 
 Duke of Grafton, on each side of Thurlow, Lord Amherst, 
 Lord Sandwich, and others. On the extreme right stands 
 the Marquis of Lansdowne. In the centre of the picture 
 appears Lord Derby, distinguished by his pigtail and nose, 
 and below him the Duke of Norfolk. Even the King is 
 represented as to be bought, and on the left, Warren Hast- 
 ings is seen as the butcher riding off with his Majesty in 
 the shape of a calf — referring to the Warren Hastings affair. 
 The cattle in Thurlow’s fold are making a determined 
 attack on a watch box, and overthrowing the celebrated 
 trio. Fox, Burke, and Sheridan, Pitt and Dundas are 
 quietly enjoying themselves at the sign of the Crown, 
 heedless of the bustle below. 
 
 37. 
 
 ELECTION TROOPS BRINGING IN THEIR 
 
 ACCOUNTS TO THE PAY-TABLE. Aug . 14, 1788. 
 
 MAJOR TOPHAM. PITT. 
 
 On the Westminster Election, which closed on the 4th of 
 August, 1788, in which Lord Hood was brought forward by 
 the Court, in opposition to Lord John Townshend, the Whig 
 candidate, who gained the day. The Government was said 
 to have employed every kind of corruption to support their 
 candidate ; and we have here its various agents applying 
 for their pay, but turned away by the Minister from the 
 front door, that they may receive their reward indirectly 
 through the back-door from George Rose, The leader of 
 the gang is Captain Topham, the proprietor and editor of 
 The World , which had been the active supporter of the 
 Government on this occasion. The other characters explain 
 themselves. The sailors were brought up to support 
 Hood, their Admiral, and were particularly riotous in their 
 zeal for the cause. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 2 ? 
 
 38. 
 
 A PIG IN A POKE. Whist, Whist. Dec . 10 th, 1788. 
 
 SIR JOSEPH MAWBEY. SIR PHILIP FRANCIS (?) MR. THORNHILL (?) 
 
 Supposed to be some allusion to losing a political game. 
 The principal person is Sir Joseph Mawbey, an eminent 
 distiller, at Vauxhall, Member for the County of Surrey, 
 and Chairman of the Quarter Sessions. He entered Par- 
 liament as a Foxite, but on the Coalition being turned out, 
 he transferred his support to Pitt. The Opposition wits 
 then levelled the keenest shafts of ridicule against him. 
 The Rolliad took the lead. We will present the reader 
 with a pungent extract, which, no doubt, furnished Gillray 
 with the hint of this print : — 
 
 “ A sty of pigs, though all at onc^ it squeaks, 
 
 Means not so much as Mawbey when he speaks. 
 
 And history says he never yet had bred 
 A pig with such a voice, or such a head ! 
 
 Except, indeed, when he essays to joke! 
 
 And then his wit is truly pig-in-poke. ” 
 
 Our author concludes his description of this great sena- 
 tor with the following distich : — 
 
 “ Such adaptation ne’er was seen before, 
 
 His trade a hog is, and his wit — a boar.” 
 
 “ It has been proposed to us to amend the spelling of the 
 last word thus — bore , this improvement, however, as it is 
 called, we reject as a calumny.” 
 
 Sir Joseph Mawbey having quarrelled with his steward, 
 Wilkinson, claimed £30. as a balance due to him. The 
 steward denied this, and Sir Joseph arrested him for it. 
 He offered to release him on payment of £20., and after- 
 wards for £10. Both sums being refused, he released 
 him. Wilkinson then brought an action against him, and 
 recovered £150. damages. This oppressive transaction 
 is probably alluded to in the inscription, 66 Burn justice,” 
 and 66 you have brought your pigs to a fine market.” 
 
28 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 39. 
 
 STATE JUGGLERS. May 1 6th, 17 88. 
 
 QUEEN. GEORGE III. PITT. WARREN HASTINGS. THURLOW. 
 
 DUNDAS. MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE. LORD SYDNEY. LORD 
 
 DERBY. BURKE. FOX. DUKE OF NORFOLK. 
 
 In this ludicrous performance, the King and Queen are 
 balancing on the sign of the Crown, in the characters of 
 Punch and Judy, the Queen rejoicing over a snuff-box, 
 presumed to be a bribe from Warren Hastings. Beneath 
 them Pitt is drawing ribbons of honour from his mouth, 
 Thurlow is vomiting forth his usual volley of profitless 
 oaths, and Warren Hastings, in the middle, is throwing 
 out a countless quantity of gold. A number of persons in 
 front are openly scrambling for ribbons or money ; while 
 Fox, lifted up by Burke, and assisted by the Duke of 
 Norfolk, is trying to catch his share of the latter com- 
 modity on the sly. The sweep is intended sarcastically for 
 the Right Hon. Frederick Montagu, who was to have been 
 one of the Commissioners for India, if Fox’s East India 
 Bill had passed. 
 
 40. 
 
 THE VISIT TO PICCADILLY; OR, A PRUSSIAN 
 RECEPTION. July 12 th, 1792. 
 
 SIR WATKIN W. WYNN. DUCHESS OF YORK. LADY WYNN. 
 
 On the reported intrigue between the Prince of Wales 
 and Lady Wynn, and the refusal of the Duchess of York 
 to receive the latter. Lady Wynn was the wife of Sir 
 Watkin W. Wynn, and sister of the Marquis of Buck- 
 ingham and Lord Grenville. To render the allusion more 
 palpable, she is drawn as a Welch goat, with a striking 
 likeness of her own face, and the Prince of Wales’ feathers 
 on her head. Sir Watkin always took a prominent part 
 in the affairs of the principality. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 29 
 
 41. 
 
 THE VULTURE OF THE CONSTITUTION. 
 
 January 3rd, 1789. 
 
 PITT. 
 
 On the Regency Bill, as proposed by Pitt in 1788, when 
 George III. was first seriously attacked by his mental 
 malady. Pitt had placed so many restrictions on the 
 Prince of Wales in this Bill, that it was popularly said he 
 had grasped the Crown for himself, while he tore the 
 feathers from the Prince’s Coronet. 
 
 42. 
 
 LORD CHANCELLOR THURLOW. June 27, 1?89. 
 
 One of the best portraits of the celebrated Lord Chan- 
 cellor. 
 
 43. 
 
 THE BOW TO THE THRONE, ALIAS THE BEG- 
 GING BOW. May 6th, 1788. 
 
 OEG. III. WARREN HASTINGS. THE QUEEN. PITT. THURLOW. 
 
 Warren Hastings is here personating the Begum , or 
 Princess of Oude (one of the personages who figures pro- 
 minently in the charges against the ex- Governor of India) 
 receiving the adorations of his worshippers. The Queen 
 stoops lowest of all in her eagerness for the good things of 
 India : she grasps a bag of money in one hand, while 
 under her other arm is the box with the celebrated diamond 
 sent by the Nabob of Benares. The King carries off his share 
 in a more surreptitious manner. Hats of all kinds held 
 out behind the principal worshippers, show the eagerness 
 of every class for its share in the spoils. This print is a 
 parody on a caricature by Sayer, published on the first of 
 May, and entitled “The Princess’s Bow, alias the Bow 
 Begum.” Sayer’s print represents the Eastern Princess 
 seated in the place here occupied by Hastings, and receiving 
 
30 
 
 GILLRAY S CARICATURES. 
 
 the homage of Burke, Fox, and Sheridan ; Sir Philip 
 Francis, the bitter enemy of Hastings, seen beneath her 
 seat, says, “ T am at the bottom of all this \’’ while on the 
 wall above hangs a picture illustrative of the old saying, 
 <4 Parturiunt monies , nascitur ridiculus mus .” 
 
 44. 
 
 JOHN BULL BAITED BY THE DOGS OF 
 EXCISE. April 9th , 1790. 
 
 GRENVILLE. DUNDAS. RICHMOND. THURLOW. JENKINSON, 
 
 (afterwards lord Liverpool.) pepper arden. lord Sydney. 
 
 DUKE OE GRAFTON. CAMDEN. PITT. GEORGE ROSE. 
 
 Referring to the remarks made by Sheridan on Pitt’s 
 Excise Laws in the beginning of April, 1790, arising out of 
 a petition for a repeal of the excise on tobacco, which had 
 been taken up as the occasion for an attack on Govern- 
 ment by the Opposition. The dogs with which John Bull 
 is baited are known by their collars ; Pitt is setting them 
 on, while George Rose is busy new painting the inscription 
 over the back-door of the Treasury. 
 
 45. 
 
 SMELLING OUT A RAT; OR, THE ATHEISTICAL 
 REVOLUTIONIST DISTURBED IN HIS MID- 
 NIGHT CALCULATIONS. December 3rd, 1790. 
 
 BURKE. DR. PRICE. 
 
 Dr. Price, a Unitarian preacher, who had delivered a 
 sermon before the Revolution Society, which served as a 
 sort of guiding-star to the English admirers of the revolu- 
 tion in France, is disturbed in his secret study by the 
 apparition of the long nose of Edmund Burke. Burke had 
 at this time become suddenly an eloquent declaimer against 
 the revolutionary principles which had been propagated on 
 the other side of the water, as well as against the liberal 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 31 
 
 principles in religion and politics advocated by the Oppo- 
 sition in this country, and he had in consequence separated 
 himself from the party with whom he had so long acted. 
 He had lately published his “ Reflections on the Revolution 
 in France. 55 
 
 46. 
 
 THE LANDING OF SIR JOHN BULL AND HIS 
 FAMILY AT BOULOGNE-SUR-MER. May 31, 1792. 
 
 Etched by Gillray, from a Sketch by Bunbury. It is a 
 satire on the annoyances to which John Bull was exposed, 
 even in time of peace, if he ventured to the Gallic shore. 
 
 THE FUNERAL 
 GENCY. 
 
 47 - 
 
 PROCESSION 
 
 OF MISS RE- 
 April 29th , 1789. 
 
 BLUE AND BUFF TRAIN BEARER. THE PISMIRE MARQUIS, 
 
 (lothian.) lord stilletto, (lord moira). A remnant 
 of 1745, or the would-be-Chancellor (lord Loughborough.) 
 
 Weltjie, Clerk of the 
 Dishclouts, (the 
 Prince’s Cook.) 
 
 Chief Mourner, the 
 Princess of W — , 
 (Mrs. Fitzherbert. ) 
 
 Unfledged Noviciates 
 
 Mails, the hair- 
 dressing pimp. 
 
 Unfledged Novi- 
 ciates of St. 
 Giles’s ; or, 
 Charley’s de- 
 light. 
 
 Ignatius Loyola, 
 (Burke.) 
 
 Second Mourners, 
 the rival Jaco- 
 bites (Sheridan 
 and Fox.) 
 
 The body of tbe 
 deceased, sup- 
 ported by six 
 Irish Bulls. 
 
 Apozem, Clerk and 
 of St. Giles’s. (Burke.) Apothecary, 
 
 (J. Hall.) 
 
 On the overthrow of the Regency Bill by the recovery 
 of the King. The Irish Bulls refer to the vote of the Irish 
 Parliament, requesting the Prince to assume the Regency 
 without any restrictions as far as regarded Ireland. Mrs. 
 Fitzherbert, who, in spite of the public denial, was still 
 
32 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 believed to have been married to the Prince, is lamenting 
 
 7 O 
 
 her disappointed ambition. The pismire Marquis is the 
 Marquis of Lothian. The first act of George III. on his 
 recovery was to dismiss the Duke of Queensberry from his 
 situation of a Lord of the Bedchamber, and deprive the 
 Marquis of Lothian of the command of his regiment. 
 
 Gillray took the hint for this print from a tract on the 
 Regency, entitled “ The Death, Dissection, Will, and Fu- 
 neral Procession of Mrs. Regency, with Odes, Songs, 
 Funeral Dirge, & c. Printed at the Logographic Press, for 
 John Walter, 1789.” Heimproved one part of the printed 
 tract by converting the six Irish giants, who bear the body, 
 into six Irish bulls. “ The Pullaloo Pullalo ogh” in their 
 mouths are from the Irish howl song, in the printed tract. 
 
 48. 
 
 BANDELURES. February 28 th, 1791. 
 
 PRINCE OF WALES. MRS. FITZIIERBERT. SHERIDAN. 
 
 An allusion to some one of the scandalous stories of the 
 day, relating to Mrs. Fitzherbert. The Prince is playing 
 listlessly, with a Bandelure, one of the fashionable toys of 
 the day for idling away time. 
 
 49. 
 
 BARBARITIES IN THE WEST INDIES. 
 
 April 23rd, 1791. 
 
 On a debate in the House of Commons on the 18th of 
 April, 1791, upon Wilberforce’s motion for the abolition of 
 the Slave Trade. The opponents of the measure insisted that 
 the instances of cruelty towards slaves in the West Indies, 
 adduced by Wilberforce and his supporters, were generally 
 much exaggerated, and that in many instances they were 
 ridiculous inventions. One of the latter is burlesqued in 
 this plate. It is sufficiently explained in the inscription 
 beneath. Francis was one of the warm supporters of Wil- 
 berforce on this question. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 33 
 
 50. 
 
 LIEUTENANT - GOVERNOR GALLSTONE IN- 
 SPIRED BY ALECTO; OR, THE BIRTH OF 
 MINERVA. February 15th, 17 90. 
 
 The personage here satirized was Philip Thicknesse, 
 Governor of Landguard Fort, a writer well known at the 
 time this plate was published, for the bitterness of his per- 
 sonal quarrels, and the violent effusions to which they gave 
 rise. He was the author of a Sketch of the Life of the 
 celebrated landscape painter, Gainsborough, whose failings 
 he exposes somewhat more than might be expected from a 
 friendly biographer. Various other writings are alluded to 
 with sufficient distinctness in the plate. 
 
 51. 
 
 TAMING OF THE SHREW— KATHARINE AND 
 PETRUCHIO.— THE MODERN QUIXOTE • OR, 
 WHAT YOU WILL. April 20th, 1791. 
 
 PITT. CATHARINE OF RUSSIA. DUMOURIEZ. 
 
 On the attempted intermediation of Great Britain, backed 
 by Prussia and Holland, between Russia and Turkey, in 
 the spring of 1791. Austria and France are giving encou- 
 ragement to the Empress Catharine. Turkey, which was 
 suffering severely, takes shelter behind Pitt and his sup- 
 porters, who have ridden rather roughly the Hanoverian 
 horse. 
 
 52. 
 
 THE IMPEACHMENT; OR, THE FATHER OF 
 THE GANG TURNED KING’S EVIDENCE. 
 
 May , 1791. 
 
 SHERIDAN. BURKE. FOX. 
 
 On the violent quarrel between Burke on the one hand, 
 and Fox and Sheridan on the other, in the debates in the 
 House of Commons on the 6th and 11th of May, after 
 which Burke separated entirely from the party with which 
 
 D 
 
34 
 
 gillray’s caracatures. 
 
 he had so long acted. The party of Fox and Sheridan 
 were looked upon, and looked upon themselves, as Burke’s 
 political disciples ; and the Tories, who rejoiced in this 
 quarrel, represented him as turning evidence against them, 
 and impeaching his own political children. 
 
 53. 
 
 GUY YAUX DISCOVERED IN HIS ATTEMPT TO 
 DESTROY THE KING AND THE HOUSE OF 
 LORDS: HIS COxMPANIONS ATTEMPTING 
 
 TO ESCAPE. May 14 th, 1791. 
 
 FOX. BURKE. SHERIDAN. 
 
 Another caricature on the same subject as the preced- 
 ing. At this time Gillray worked for the rival publishers. 
 Fores and Humphreys, who respectively published these 
 prints ; at a subsequent period the Caricaturist bound 
 himself to work only for the latter. 
 
 Fox is here, by a pun upon his name, represented under 
 the character of Guy Vaux. Burke, who in the pre- 
 ceding print had turned King’s evidence, is laying open 
 the plots of his late colleagues. The other accomplices, 
 Sheridan, &c. are saving themselves by flight. Sheridan 
 seceded from the opposition for a short time after the 
 quarrel in the House of Commons, on the subject of the 
 French Revolution; it was his violence which had partly 
 embittered the dispute. 
 
 54. 
 
 THE RIGHTS OF MAN. May 23rd, 1791. 
 
 A satire upon Thomas Paine, who had been a tailor, or, 
 more properly speaking, a stay-maker, in Norfolk, had 
 then been an exciseman, and subsequently made his re- 
 treat to America, whence he returned to Europe to take a 
 violent part in the revolutionary struggle, in support of 
 which he had recently published his Rights of Man.” 
 Gillray was not acquainted with Paine’s personal appear- 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 35 
 
 ance, but he represents him here under the conventional 
 figure which he had adopted for all French Republicans. 
 
 55. 
 
 THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY PETRIFIED. THE 
 NATIONAL ASSEMBLY REVIVIFIED. 
 
 June 28 th, 1791. 
 
 This is a clever and a rather celebrated caricature, on 
 the dismay with which the violent democrats in Paris were 
 struck when they were informed of the King’s flight, and 
 on their joy at the arrival of the intelligence of his arrest 
 at Varennes. 
 
 56. 
 
 ALECTO AND HER TRAIN AT THE GATE OF 
 PANDEMONIUM; OR, THE RECRUITING SER- 
 JEANT ENLISTING JOHN BULL INTO THE 
 REVOLUTION SERVICE. July 4th , 1791. 
 
 SHERIDAN. FOX. LORD STANHOPE. 
 
 On the supposed design of the party headed by Fox and 
 Sheridan to enlist the people of England in the same revo- 
 lutionary cause which now flourished in France. The Crown 
 and Anchor Tavern, in the Strand, was the grand place of 
 meeting of the Revolution Society. Lord Stanhope, who 
 rendered himself remarkable by his strong democratic 
 principles, was supposed at this moment to be hesitating 
 in the part he was to take in politics. Lord Stanhope 
 married Lady Hester Pitt, daughter of the first Lord Chat- 
 ham, and sister to William Pitt, the Minister. 
 
 57 - 
 
 THE HOPES OF THE PARTY PRIOR TO JULY 
 14th. From such wicked Crown and Anchor 
 Dreams, good Lord deliver us. July 19 th, 1791. 
 
 HORNE TOOKE. GEO. III. FOX. SHERIDAN. DR. PRIESTLEY. 
 SIR CECIL WRAY. THE QUEEN. PITT. 
 
 The result which, it was supposed, the deliberations at the 
 
 d 2 
 
36 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 Crown and Anchor portended. Sir Cecil Wray, the oppo- 
 nent of Fox in the Westminster Election of 1784, had now 
 joined the opposition; he was accused of limiting his 
 household very strictly in the article of small beer, and this 
 had been a subject of jokes and caricatures without end at 
 the Westminster Election. The 14th of July was the day 
 of the dinner at Birmingham, in celebration of the anni- 
 versary of the French Revolution, alluded to more parti- 
 cularly in the following caricature. 
 
 58. 
 
 A BIRMINGHAM TOAST, as given on the 14th 
 
 July, by the Revolution Society. July 29, 1791. 
 
 SHERIDAN. DR. PRIESTLEY. SIR CECIL WRAY. 
 
 FOX. HORNE TOOKE. DR. PRICE. 
 
 On the dinner in commemoration of the French Revolu- 
 tion, held at Birmingham, on Thursday the 14th of July, 
 1791, which gave rise to the celebrated Birmingham riots, 
 in which so much property was destroyed. Some of the 
 more prominent of the Liberal party are here placed round 
 the table, while Priestley, with the holy chalice and salver, 
 is giving a toast, which their opponents said was the one 
 most agreeable to their principles. A sample of Priestley’s 
 Puritans are seen behind. Dr. Price’s congregation at 
 Hackney is alluded to by the picture suspended against 
 the wall, as the sort of congregation that was to be intro- 
 duced into St. Paul’s. 
 
 59. 
 
 AN EXCRESCENCE — A FUNGUS — ALIAS, A 
 TOADSTOOL UPON A DUNGHILL. Dec. 20, 1791. 
 
 WILLIAM PITT, 
 
 The upstart thing which the Opposition said was at this 
 time engrafting itself upon the Crown, and becoming supe- 
 rior to the Crown itself — a political mushroom, springing 
 up on the hot-bed of royal favour. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 37 
 
 60. 
 
 THE SOLDIER’S RETURN; OR, RARE NEWS 
 FOR OLD ENGLAND. November \4th, 1791. 
 
 THE DUKE AND DUCHESS OF YORK. 
 
 On the marriage of the Duke of York with the Princess 
 Frederika, eldest daughter of the King of Prussia, which 
 took place at Berlin, on the 1st of October, 1791. The 
 royal couple arrived at Dover, on their way to London, on 
 the 21st of the same month. The beauty of the Duchess, 
 her diminutive foot, and the money she brought to her hus- 
 Dand, were common subjects of conversation at the time 
 this caricature was published. 
 
 61. 
 
 THE INTRODUCTION. November 22nd , 1791. 
 
 DUKE AND DUCHESS OF YORK. THE QUEEN. GEORGE III. 
 
 The Duke and his Prussian Bride are here received by 
 George and his Queen, who seem to be exclusively in- 
 terested in the tempting burthen, of which she is the 
 bearer. A Prussian guard — one of the old King of Prus- 
 sia’s tall corps — is the carrier of the rich dower. 
 
 62. 
 
 THE YORK MINUET. December 14 th, 1791. 
 
 DUCHESS OF YORK. DUKE OF YORK. 
 
 Another print on the subject of the Duke of York’s 
 Marriage. The Duchess was celebrated for the smallness 
 of her foot, which this dance is intended to exhibit to 
 advantage. 
 
 63. 
 
 THE YORK REVERENCE; OR CITY LOYALTY 
 AMPLY REWARDED. December 2*1 th, 1791. 
 
 DUCHESS OF YORK. DUKE OF YORK. 
 
 On the reception of the Address congratulatory on the 
 
38 
 
 GILLiRAY^S CARICATURES. 
 
 marriage of the Duke of York, presented to the Duke and 
 Duchess, on the 19th of December, 1791, by the Lord 
 Mayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs, and Common Council of the 
 City of London. It is difficult to say which of the Royal 
 Pair excels in the condescension with which the City 
 Address is here received and acknowledged. The reve- 
 rence of the Duchess is so extreme, as to entitle it to the 
 honour of knighthood. 
 
 64. 
 
 FRENCH DEMOCRATS SURPRISING THE 
 ROYAL RUNAWAYS. June 27 th , 1791. 
 
 LOUIS XVI. THE DAUPHIN. MARIE ANTOINETTE. 
 
 A burlesque upon a very serious event, the arrest of the 
 unfortunate Louis XVL and his family at Varennes, on 
 the 22nd of June, 1791, after their flight from Paris. 
 
 65. 
 
 THE KNAVE WINS ALL. MODERN HOSPI- 
 TALITY; OR, A FRIENDLY PARTY IN HIGH 
 LIFE. March c 3\st } 1792. 
 
 LADY ARCHER. PR. OF WALES. LADY BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. FOX. 
 
 A satire on the gambling propensities of the age, which 
 were the bane of private society, and to which the Prince 
 of Wales and his friend Fox were both victims. Lady 
 Archer (an old and faded beauty, celebrated for having 
 her face enamelled), at whose house this party is supposed 
 to be held, was well known as a victimizer. 
 
 66 . 
 
 FRYING SPRATS, the queen. Nov. 28 th, 1791- 
 
 67 . 
 
 TOASTING MUFFINS, george iii. Nov. 28th, 1791. 
 These two subjects form a bitter satire on the economi- 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 39 
 
 cal and domestic habits of George III. and his Queen. It 
 was a bold stretch of the Liberty of the Press, which thus 
 exposed to public view the private failings of Majesty. 
 With such habits, we are not surprised to see that the 
 Queens’s savings exceed the capacity of her pocket. 
 
 68 . 
 
 WEIRD SISTERS— MINISTERS OF DARKNESS- 
 MINIONS OF THE MOON. December 23rd , 1791. 
 
 DUNDAS. PITT. THURLOW. 
 
 The plate is a parody on Fuseli’s painting of the 
 Weird Sisters.” 
 
 6f Among the political caricatures which appeared in the 
 shops of the capital about this time, was a print repre- 
 senting the Chancellor, Pitt, and Dundas, in the characters 
 of the 6 three weird sisters,’ wildly, but characteristically 
 attired, standing on a heath, intently gazing on the full 
 moon. Her orb appears half enlightened, half eclipsed . 
 The part averted, which remains in darkness, contains the 
 King’s profile. On the other side, resplendent with light, 
 and graciously regarding the three gazers, was pourtrayed 
 a head of the Queen. The circumstance of Dundas being 
 thus ranked with Pitt and Thurlow, sufficiently indicates 
 the degree of political consideration which he attracted, 
 and how much higher he stood in the public estimation, as 
 a man possessed of power or influence, than any of the 
 remaining Cabinet Ministers. He was, in fact, far supe- 
 rior to either of the Secretaries of State in real weight 
 and consequence .” — WraxaWs Posthumous Memoirs^vol. 3, 
 pages 309-310. 
 
 69. 
 
 THE PACIFIC ENTRANCE OF EARL WOLF 
 INTO BLACKHAVEN. January 20th , 1792. 
 
 LORD LONSDALE. 
 
 The Wolf here represented was Sir James Lowther, of 
 
40 
 
 GILLRAY’s CARICATURES. 
 
 great celebrity in the history of borough- mongering, and 
 especially in connection with the town of Whitehaven, 
 the place here alluded to. Gillray’s caricature refers 
 to a dispute between this nobleman and the town of 
 Whitehaven, in consequence of which his Lordship sus- 
 pended the working of his coal mines, and the townsmen 
 w r ere thus induced to make an abject submission. It is 
 the subject of Peter Pindar’s “ Epistle to the Earl of 
 Lonsdale.” * 
 
 Peter Pindar, in this and several other poetical effusions, 
 had attacked the Earl with his usual wit and caustic severity. 
 Lord Lonsdale brought an action against him for a Libel. 
 Peter was alarmed, and made the most humble submission. 
 Lord Lonsdale consented to stop the proceedings on a 
 promise that he would never again mention him in his 
 writings. 
 
 “The reader (says the Rolliad) will not forget the 
 declaration of this great man, that he was in possession of 
 the Land, the Fire, and the Water of the Town of White- 
 haven. 
 
 “ E’en by the Elements his Power confessed, 
 
 Of Mines and Boroughs Lonsdale stands possessed, 
 
 And one sad servitude alike denotes, 
 
 The slave that labours, and the slave that votes.” 
 
 Junius calls him the contemptible Tyrant of the North. 
 By the influence of Sir James Lowther, Mr. Pitt obtained 
 his first seat in Parliament in 1781. This was done in 
 compliance with the request of the Duke of Rutland, with 
 whom Pitt had formed an intimate friendship, when they 
 were fellow students at Cambridge. In return for this 
 obligation, Mr. Pitt, when he became Prime Minister in 
 1784, elevated him to a seat in the House of Peers by the 
 title of Earl Lonsdale, thus overleaping the two inferior 
 stages of the peerage. It might have been supposed, that 
 this remuneration was fully adequate to his pretensions 
 and services. But on the Gazette being published, his 
 name appearing at the bottom of the list of newly created 
 
POLITICAL, SERIES. 
 
 41 
 
 Earls, he threatened to reject the Earldom, and means 
 were with difficulty found to allay his irritation. On his 
 Law-agent 5 s Coat is inscribed Black- Stone. 
 
 70. 
 
 A UNIFORM WHIG. November 1 6th, 1791. 
 
 EDMUND BURKE. 
 
 Burke, in his new-born loyalty, is leaning against a 
 pedestal, on which the bust of George III. is placed. In 
 his reverie he is contemplating his expected pension in per- 
 spective as a reward for his Reflections on the French Revo- 
 lution. On one side the Advocate of Liberty is in rags, 
 with empty pockets ; on the other, leaning upon a more 
 substantial prop, his rags have disappeared, and his pockets 
 are overflowing. 
 
 71 . 
 
 HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUCHESS OF 
 YORK. April 10th , 1792. 
 
 This is understood to be an excellent portrait of the 
 Duchess of York, who has already figured in several of the 
 preceding Caricatures. 
 
 72. 
 
 A SPHERE PROJECTING AGAINST A PLANE. 
 
 January 3rd , 1792. 
 
 PITT. LADY BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. 
 
 The Sphere is said to represent Lady Buckinghamshire, 
 and there is probably an allusion to some forgotten rumour 
 of the day. 
 
42 
 
 GILLRAY S CARICATURES. 
 
 73 . 
 
 THE BOTTOMLESS PITT. March 1 6th, 1792. 
 
 WILLIAM PITT. 
 
 This is another satire on the personal appearance of the 
 Minister, and is said to give a very accurate idea of his 
 general manner when speaking. In the warmth of debate 
 he had let fall an unguarded phrase, which was tortured 
 by the wits of the day into a joke upon his person. 
 
 74 . 
 
 PATRIOTS AMUSING THEMSELVES ; OR, 
 SWEDES PRACTISING AT A POST. 
 
 April 19 th, 1792. 
 
 GEORGE III. EOX. PRIESTLEY. SHERIDAN. 
 
 On the designs which the Tories attributed to the Oppo- 
 sition, or, as they called them, the Revolutionary Party in 
 England, who they believed, or pretended to believe, were 
 willing to imitate the example of the Swedish regicide, 
 Ankerstrom. The faces of the revolutionary triumvirate 
 are more coarsely burlesqued than is usual with Gillray. 
 The post at which they are practising is very ingeniously 
 worked into a rough contour of King George. 
 
 75 . 
 
 THE BISHOP OF A TUN^S BREECHES; OR, 
 THE FLAMING EVEOUE PURIFYING THE 
 HOUSE OF OFFICE. May 14th, 1792. 
 
 TALLEYRAND. 
 
 The person most prominent in this picture is the cele- 
 brated Talleyrand, who was Bishop of Autun, and was 
 now signalizing himself by his pretended zeal in the cause 
 of the revolution. It is a satire on the supposed influence 
 of the revolutionary movement in France upon England, 
 and the allusion is no doubt to an event which occurred in 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 43 
 
 the May of 1792 in London, when the House of Commons 
 narrowly escaped being burnt. A pair of corduroy breeches 
 was found thrust into the ceiling above the water-closet 
 in a state of combustion, which excited considerable sus- 
 picion of a design to destroy the Parliament House, but no 
 incendiary was ever discovered. 
 
 76 . 
 
 DESIGN FOR THE NEW GALLERY OF BUSTS 
 AND PICTURES. March Ijth, 1793. 
 
 FOX. 
 
 In 1791, Pitt in conjunction with Prussia and Holland, 
 had prepared a powerful armament to compel the Empress 
 Catherine to give up Ockzakow, which she had seized. 
 Fox so successfully opposed the Russian armament that 
 Pitt found himself compelled either to resign, or abandon 
 the armament. He did not hesitate to assert that, Russia 
 was indebted for the retention of her conquest to the 
 opposition he had encountered in the House. The Em- 
 press Catherine was highly gratified with the result, which 
 she attributed to the powerful eloquence of Fox, and 
 placed his bust in her Gallery between those of Demos- 
 thenes and Cicero. The Court party delighted in stig- 
 matizing Fox as the modern Cataline. The verses from 
 the Poetry of the Anti- Jacobin were added after its 
 original publication. 
 
 77 . 
 
 MALAGRIDA DRIVING POST. March 1 6th, 1792. 
 
 DUNDAS. PITT. THE MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE. 
 
 FOX. SHERIDAN. 
 
 On a report spread at this time that a change of Minis- 
 try was at hand, and that the Marquis of Lansdowne (who, 
 as Lord Shelburne, had obtained the nickname of Mala- 
 grida), would be called to the head of affairs. His Lord- 
 
44 
 
 GILLRAY*S CARICATURES. 
 
 ship is driving in all haste to St. James’s, as Pitt and 
 Dundas are hurrying away ; and behind are the chiefs of 
 the Opposition, eager to share in the good fortune of the 
 successful candidate for power. 
 
 78 . 
 
 ANTISACCHARITES; OR, JOHN BULL AND HIS 
 FAMILY LEAVING OFF THE USE OF SUGAR. 
 
 March 27th , 1792. 
 
 GEORGE III. THE QUEEN. THE PRINCESSES. 
 
 The Royal Pair setting an example of economy, which 
 appears by no means agreeable to all the family. Peter 
 Pindar is said to have composed a poem on this subject, 
 which he destroyed before it was printed. 
 
 79 . 
 
 SCOTCH HARRY’S NEWS; OR, NINCUMPOOP 
 IN HIGH GLEE. May 23rd , 1792. 
 
 GEORGE III. THE QUEEN. DUNDAS. 
 
 On the arrival of intelligence of the great success of the 
 English arms in India, and of the conclusion of peace with 
 Tippoo Saib. The Indian Affairs were Dundas’s special and 
 favourite department. 
 
 80. 
 
 VICES OVERLOOKED IN THE NEW PROCLA- 
 MATION. May 24th , 1?9 2. 
 
 Avarice, Drunkenness, Gambling. 
 
 KING AND QUEEN. PRINCE OF WALES. DUKE OF YORK. 
 
 Debauchery, 
 
 DUKE OF CLARENCE AND MRS. JORDAN. 
 
 A satire on the Royal Family, which requires no expla- 
 nation, further than to state that it is a parody on a Royal 
 Proclamation which had recently appeared. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 45 
 
 81. 
 
 AUSTRIAN BUGABOO FUNKING THE FRENCH 
 ARMY. May \2th , 1792. 
 
 On the war which had just broken out between France 
 and Austria, and some reverses which the former had at 
 first sustained in their hostilities against the Emperor in 
 Flanders. It is hardly necessary to say that the exultation 
 expressed in this caricature was of very short duration. 
 
 82. 
 
 THE FALL OF THE WOLSEY OF THE WOOL- 
 SACK. May 24th, 1792. 
 
 GEORGE III. THURLOW. LORD GRENVILLE. PITT. 
 
 Early in 1792, Mr. Pitt had introduced a Bill for the 
 continuance of the Sinking Fund, and a clause enacting 
 that in every future loan, a sum should be appropriated for 
 its redemption. This Act passed the Commons with gene- 
 ral approbation. In the House of Lords it encountered a 
 most unexpected opposition from the Lord Chancellor. 
 He inveighed against it with the greatest acrimony and 
 personality, ridiculing the presumption of attempting to 
 bind future Parliaments. “ None but a novice, a syco- 
 phant, a mere reptile of a Minister, would allow this Act 
 to prevent his doing what the circumstances of the county 
 might require at the time. The inaptitude of the project 
 is equal to the vanity of the attempt.” Thurlow’s speech 
 made so great an impression on the Lords, that the 
 Ministers measure was only carried by a majority of six. 
 The next day, May 16, Mr. Pitt required his dismissal, 
 to which the King assented, but for the convenience of 
 public business, he was allowed to retain the seals, till the 
 close of the Session, June 15. Thurlow was astounded at 
 the King’s ready acquiescence, and said to his friend. Sir 
 John Scott (afterwards Lord Eldon), “I did not think that 
 the King would have parted with me so easily. As to that 
 
46 
 
 GlLLRAY’s CARICATURES. 
 
 other man, he has done to me just what I should have 
 done to him, if I could/’ Lord Grenville, who had received 
 a number of lucrative appointments, is represented as 
 suggesting that the Chancellorship might with propriety 
 be added to them. 
 
 83. 
 
 A GOOD SHOT, OR BILLY RANGER, THE 
 GAMEKEEPER IN A FINE SPORTING COUN- 
 TRY. February 1st, 1792. 
 
 LORD GRENVILLE. 
 
 William Wyndham Grenville, who had been elevated to 
 the peerage as Baron Grenville, in 1790. On the 18th of 
 July, 1792, he married the Hon. Anne Pitt, sister of Lord 
 Camelford. He was himself first cousin to William Pitt, 
 and at this time he held, among other lucrative offices, 
 those of Ranger of St. James’s and Hyde Parks, and 
 Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. His supposed 
 eagerness for place and emolument is the object of satire 
 in the present caricature. 
 
 84. 
 
 A CONNOISSEUR EXAMINING A COOPER. 
 
 June 18 thy 1?92. 
 
 GEORGE in. 
 
 The King examining Cooper’s portrait of Oliver Crom- 
 well. The parsimonious manners of the Monarch are 
 satirized in the save-all, by means of which he uses up the 
 last fragment of the candle. 
 
 Gillray had recently accompanied Loutherbourg the 
 painter into France, to assist in making sketches for his 
 grand picture of the Siege of Valenciennes. After their 
 return, the King, who made great pretensions to taste, 
 desired to look at their Sketches. He was already pre- 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 47 
 
 judiced against Gillray for his Political Caricatures, and 
 not understanding the rough style in which he had made 
 his spirited sketches of French officers and soldiers, he 
 threw them down contemptuously, with the mere hasty 
 observation, (e I doffit understand these caricatures!” while 
 he expressed the greatest admiration at Loutherbourg^s 
 more finished and intelligible drawings of landscapes and 
 buildings. Gillray, who was mortified at the neglect shewn 
 towards himself, and was not at this time pensioned by 
 the Court, revenged himself by publishing the picture of 
 the Monarch contemplating the features of the great 
 enemy of Kings, who was an object of particular abhor- 
 rence to George III., and observed, tc I wonder if the 
 Royal Connoisseur will understand this }” 
 
 85. 
 
 A VOLUPTUARY UNDER THE HORRORS OF 
 
 DIGESTION. July 2nd, 1792. 
 
 THE PRINCE OE WALES. 
 
 A bitter satire on the Heir to the Throne, who was at 
 this time celebrated for his voluptuousness, and for the 
 pecuniary difficulties in which he was constantly involved, 
 in consequence of his expensive habits. The picture is 
 full of allusions, which tell their own story. 
 
 86 . 
 
 TEMPERANCE ENJOYING A FRUGAL MEAL. 
 
 July 28th , 1792 
 
 THE QUEEN. GEORGE III. 
 
 This plate is properly a companion to the former, and is 
 no less severe on the saving and parsimonious habits of 
 the King and Queen, than the other on their son's extra- 
 vagance. It is one of Gillray’s finest works, and it is 
 hardly necessary to point out the admirable manner in 
 which every little accessory is made to bear upon the 
 general subject. 
 
48 * 
 
 POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 this print is said to have been General Stevenson. It re- 
 presents the Levee of the Governor- General, Lord Corn- 
 wallis, at the Government House, Calcutta, and contains 
 portraits of all the persons of any note then employed 
 in the public service in India; but, though evidently 
 portraits, few of them can now be recognised. The figure 
 to the extreme right, in the background, is Earl Corn- 
 wallis. Sir John Shore, afterwards Lord Teignmouth, 
 succeeded Lord Cornwallis, as Governor- General of India, 
 in 1792, and is probably among the persons here repre- 
 sented, but we do not recognize him. 
 
 90. 
 
 THE SLOUGH OF DESPOND; vide THE PA- 
 TRIOT’S PROGRESS. January 2nd , 1793. 
 
 FOX. 
 
 The horrors committed by the Revolutionists in France 
 during the year 1792 had, in the beginning of 1?93, pro- 
 duced a strong feeling in England, and strengthened Pitt’s 
 Ministry, while it was a proportionate discouragement to 
 the Opposition. There were several secessions from the 
 Whig party in consequence of the alarm which the pro- 
 ceedings of the French Patriots created in this country, 
 and the seceders went by the name of the Alarmists. In 
 the debate on the Address, in which Fox’s splendid elo- 
 quence shone even more than usual, his party was in a 
 very small minority, and he is here represented as almost 
 lost in the despondency in which the weakness of his party 
 had involved him. It is a clever parody on the sufferings 
 of the Christian pilgrim in J ohn Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Pro- 
 gress. 
 
 91. 
 
 TOM PAINE’S NIGHTLY PEST. Dec. 10th, 1792. 
 
 FOX. TOM PAINE. DR. PRIESTLEY. 
 
 In the December of 1792, Paine, who was in France, 
 and therefore out pf the reach of the law, was prosecuted 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 49 
 
 and found guilty of a libel contained in the second part 
 of his “ Rights of Man.” He is here represented on his 
 couch of poverty, dreaming of the punishments which 
 awaited his political crimes. At the time when this print 
 was published, the prosecution had been made known, but 
 the trial and condemnation only took place on the 18th of 
 December. 
 
 92. 
 
 A SMOKING CLUB. February 13th , 1793. 
 
 LOUGHBOROUGH. PITT. FOX. SHERIDAN. DUNDAS. 
 
 The two chiefs of the opposing parties in politics 
 smoking each other, while the Lord Chancellor Lough- 
 borough (who had succeeded Thurlow on the Woolsack) is 
 cogitating between the Whig and Tory, having acted with 
 the former party, previous to taking office under the latter. 
 
 93. 
 
 JOHN BULL BOTHERED; OR THE GEESE 
 ALARMING THE CAPITOL. Dec. 19th, 1792. 
 
 PITT. 
 
 On the alarm which the organs of Government spread 
 through the country, when the English Minister was 
 dragging us into war w T ith France in 1793. Poor John 
 Bull appears to be sadly divided and “ bothered” by the 
 continual representations of the two parties w T ho wished to 
 lead him, as we see by his two cockades, and by the con- 
 tents of his pockets. The Pennyworth of Truth” was 
 an anti-revolutionary tract, distributed through the country 
 with great diligence by the “ Loyal” Societies. The doubts 
 on the propriety of using his arms seem still to predomi- 
 nate in John Bull’s mind, although he allows himself to be 
 led by his measter” Billy. 
 
 94. 
 
 FRENCH LIBERTY— BRITISH SLAVERY. 
 
 December 2 1st, 1792. 
 
 A burlesque comparison of the glorious condition of 
 
 E 
 
50 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 France under its so-called Freedom, and the wretched state 
 of John Bull, under his regime of tyranny and taxation ! 
 
 95. 
 
 SANS-CULOTTES FEEDING EUROPE WITH 
 THE BREAD OF LIBERTY. January 12 th, 1793. 
 
 SHERIDAN. FOX. 
 
 The war against France was represented as being rendered 
 necessary to hinder the propagandism of republican princi- 
 ples, which the French were endeavouring to impose upon 
 every country either by hostile invasion, or by encouraging 
 the people to rise against their existing Governments. The 
 French Directory had proclaimed all Kings and Princes 
 tyrants, and offered fraternization and assistance to all 
 people who were wishful to shake off their yoke. This 
 print exhibits the various ways in which this design was 
 attempted to be carried into effect in Holland, Savoy, 
 Germany, Italy, and England. In our country, it is the 
 two great leaders of opposition. Fox and Sheridan (repre- 
 sented in what the Caricaturists pictured as the literal 
 costume of the Sans -culottes) who undertake to accustom 
 John Bull to the new diet. 
 
 96. 
 
 THE DAGGER SCENE; OR, THE PLOT DIS- 
 COVERED. December 30 th, 1792. 
 
 DUNDAS. PITT. FOX. SHERIDAN. M. A. TAYLOR. BURKE. 
 
 This print commemorates an extraordinary piece of 
 theatrical effect played off by Burke in the House of Com- 
 mons, on the 28th of December, 1792. It was the debate 
 on the introduction of Lord Grenville’s Alien Act. Burke 
 spoke in support of the Ministerial measure, and to heighten 
 the effect of one of his eloquent declamations against 
 French atrocities, and English imitations of them, and on 
 the spirit which he said was abroad in this country, he drew 
 out a Brummagem dagger, which he had brought with 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 51 
 
 him into the House, and kept concealed on his person till 
 the critical moment of exhibition, when he threw it on the 
 floor. He insinuated that certain Members of the House 
 were acquainted with the purpose for which such instru- 
 ments were being manufactured. The effect, for the mo- 
 ment, is said to have been quite extraordinary. The Oppo- 
 sition, however, treated the exhibition with derision, rather 
 than with alarm; the dagger was itself probably of a rather 
 equivocal form, and Sheridan said : 66 You have thrown 
 down a knife, where is the fork ?’* which electrified the 
 House with laughter. 
 
 Since the above was in print, the publisher has been 
 favoured (by his friend, Mr. Evans) with a detailed and 
 more accurate account of the remarkable circumstance in 
 question, which is here subjoined. 
 
 Towards the close of the year 1792, an extraordinary 
 influx of foreigners into England took place. The Minis- 
 ters professed to feel the greatest alarm and consternation, 
 at so large an ingress of persons from a country which 
 had so recently overturned its Government, imprisoned 
 its King, and in which the flame of Liberty was excited 
 by the torch of sedition. The militia was called out. 
 Parliament was summoned to meet at the unusually 
 short notice of thirteen days. Ministers called on Parlia- 
 ment to arm the Government with an Alien Act to enable 
 it to send out of the country persons endeavouring to 
 abuse the hospitality of England. The Bill passed the 
 House of Lords, and on the second reading in the Com- 
 mons, on the 28th of December, Mr. Dundas explained its 
 principles and details, and declared Ministers had no other 
 object than to secure the safety and tranquillity of the 
 country. The Bill was opposed by Mr. Fox a § an un- 
 necessary innovation. Ministers already possessed adequate 
 powers to expel any foreigners attempting to violate the 
 public peace, and believed the measure originated in their 
 inveterate hostility to the rising spirit of Freedom now 
 spreading through France, and their desire to suppress all 
 
 e 2 
 
52 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 communication with that country by every means in their 
 power. This called up Burke, who declared, that so con- 
 vinced was he of the overwhelming necessity of the mea- 
 sure, that he would rather abandon his best friends, and 
 join his worst enemies, than withhold his support of the 
 Bill. He descanted with consummate eloquence and 
 energy on the multifold horrors and atrocities of the 
 French Revolution. He mentioned the circumstance of 
 three thousand daggers having been bespoke at Birming- 
 ham, by an Englishman, of which seventy had been deli- 
 vered. It was not ascertained how many of these were to 
 be exported, and how many were intended for home con- 
 sumption. [Here Mr. Burke drew out a dagger, which 
 he had kept concealed, and with much vehemence of action 
 threw it on the floor.] 46 This,” said he, pointing to the 
 dagger, “is what you are to gain by an alliance with 
 France: wherever their principles are introduced, their 
 practices must follow. You must guard against their 
 principles ; you must proscribe their persons.” He then 
 held the dagger up to view, which he said never could have 
 been intended for fair and open war, but solely for mur- 
 derous purposes. “ It is my object to keep the French 
 infection from this country ; their principles from our 
 minds, and their daggers from our hearts.” After a few 
 other sentences, he added, “When they smile, I see blood 
 trickling down their faces ; I see their insidious purposes ; 
 
 I see that the object of all their cajoling is — blood. I now 
 warn my countrymen to beware of these execrable philoso- 
 phers, whose only object it is to destroy every thing that 
 is good here, and to establish immorality and murder by 
 precept and example.” 
 
 The late Lord Chancellor Eldon, in the latter part of his 
 life, used to shew a dagger, as the identical one thrown 
 down by Burke on the floor of the House. The late Arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury (Dr. Howley) assured the present 
 Earl of Eldon that his grandfather’s memory had misled 
 him, and that the actual dagger was in the possession of 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 53 
 
 the son of the late Sir James Bland Burgess. With a 
 laudable desire of ascertaining the truth, he applied to Sir 
 James’s son, Sir Charles Montolieu Lamb (he having taken 
 that name by permission under the King’s Sign Manual 
 in 1821), who furnished the following statement: tft The 
 history of it is, that it was sent to a manufacturer at Bir- 
 mingham as a pattern, with an order to make a large 
 quantity like it. At that time the order seemed so suspi- 
 cious, that instead of executing it, he came to London, and 
 called on my father, at the Secretary of State’s Office, to 
 inform him of it, and he left the pattern with him. Just 
 after, Mr. Burke called, in his way to the House of Com- 
 mons, and upon my father mentioning it to him, borrowed 
 the dagger to shew in the House. They walked down to 
 the House together, and when Mr. Burke had made his 
 speech, my father took it again, and kept it as a curiosity.” 
 As this dagger is become a matter of historical inte- 
 rest, by being mentioned in every Life of Burke, and 
 many historical memoirs of the times, the reader may be 
 curious to see the present Lord Eldon’s exact description 
 of it. “ The dagger is a foot long in the blade, and about 
 five inches in the handle, of coarse workmanship, and 
 might serve either for a dagger or a pikehead.” 
 
 97 - 
 
 THE BLOOD OF THE MURDERED CRYING 
 FOR VENGEANCE. February 1 6th, 1793. 
 
 LOUIS XVI. 
 
 On the execution of Louis XVI. by the French Revolu- 
 tionary Government, on the 21st of January, 1793. A 
 finely engraved plate, which helped to disgust the English 
 with the revolutionary proceedings. 
 
 98. 
 
 A DEMOCRAT; OR, REASON AND PHILO- 
 SOPHY. March 1st, 1?93. 
 
 FOX. 
 
 This coarse satire upon Fox, and his supposed leaning 
 
54 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 towards the Sans-culottes of France, is said to have been 
 one of the few caricatures against that Statesman which 
 really gave him offence. The attacks upon Fox’s party, 
 on the ground of their presumed revolutionary principles, 
 were never carried to such an extent as at the moment 
 when this print was published. Ca ira is the burthen of 
 the most democratic song of the day. 
 
 99. 
 
 THE CHANCELLOR OF THE INQUISITION 
 MARKING THE INCORRIGIBLES. 
 
 March 19 th, 1793. 
 
 BURKE. 
 
 Gillray was at this time rather indiscriminate in his 
 attacks, and he here caricatures the violent zeal with which 
 Burke supported the party in whose ranks he now com- 
 bated with as much severity as he had just caricatured Fox. 
 Burke, popularly characterized as tf£ the Jesuit,’’ for his open 
 advocacy of the Catholic claims in Ireland, is named to 
 the Chancellorship of this new Inquisition. The object 
 of ridicule was the Ministerial measures against the politi- 
 cal clubs and societies, and it is hardly necessary to say 
 that the ce Black List” is a parody on a passage in Shake- 
 speare’s Richard III. 
 
 100 . 
 
 FATIGUES OF THE CAMPAIGN IN FLANDERS. 
 
 May 20th , 1793. 
 
 THE DUKE OF YORK. 
 
 The British Foot-guards in Flanders. The Duke, who 
 was in command of this expedition, which, though at this 
 time promising success, ended in so many disasters, is 
 enjoying the good things of the land. It is a satire on the 
 mode in which the English army was pretended by some 
 people to be carrying on the war. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 55 
 
 100 * 
 
 “ Aside he turn’d 
 
 For envy, yet with jealous leer malign 
 Ey’d them askance.” 12^, 1782. 
 
 LORD SHELBURNE. PITT. FOX. 
 
 On the secession of Fox and his party from the Shel- 
 burne Administration ; one of Gillray’s earlier Political 
 Caricatures, inserted here out of its date for the conve- 
 nience of arrangement. It is another parody on Milton. 
 
 101 . 
 
 DUMOURIER DINING IN STATE AT ST. 
 JAMES’S, ON THE 15th OF MAY, 1793. 
 
 March 30th, 1793. 
 
 PRIESTLEY. FOX. HEAD OF PITT. SHERIDAN. DUMOURIER. 
 
 On Dumourier’s desertion from the service of the French 
 Republic. He was at this time understood to be on his 
 way to England, and, in the belief of his Republican and 
 “ Sans-culottic” principles, this is the repast it is pre- 
 tended was to be dressed up for him. The three great re- 
 volutionists, as they were represented by the Tories, acting 
 as cooks — Priestley, the enemy of the Church; Fox, the 
 enemy of Pitt ; and Sheridan, the enemy of the Crown. 
 
 Dumourier arrived in England in June, and he imme- 
 diately received notice from the Secretary of State to quit 
 the kingdom in forty-eight hours. His presence appears 
 to have been dreaded. 
 
 102 . 
 
 BRITANNIA BETWEEN SCYLLA AND CHA- 
 RYBDIS. April 8th, 1793. 
 
 PRIESTLEY. FOX. SHERIDAN. PITT. 
 
 A beautiful allegory, rather than caricature, on the 
 politics of Pitt’s administration at this time, who is repre- 
 
56 
 
 GILLRAY’s CARICATURES. 
 
 sented as steering the helm of State in an even course 
 between the two extremes, keeping his course direct to the 
 haven of public safety. The whirlpool of Charybdis re- 
 presents the undue influence of the Crown. The dogs of 
 Scvlla bear the faces of the well-known trio struck with 
 the political anathema, Priestley, Fox, and Sheridan. 
 
 103. 
 
 JOHN BULL’S PROGRESS. JOHN BULL HAPPY. 
 JOHN BULL GOING TO THE WARS. JOHN 
 BULL’S PROPERTY IN HANGER. JOHN 
 BULL’S GLORIOUS RETURN. June 3rd , 1793. 
 
 On the warlike politics of the year 1793, and on the 
 little profit John Bull seemed likely to gain by his military 
 mania. 
 
 104. 
 
 FLANNEL ARMOUR:— FEMALE PATRIOTISM. 
 
 November 18 th, 1793. 
 Still war ! As the winter of this year approached, the 
 ladies of Great Britain, in their solicitude for the comforts 
 of the British soldiers, amid the rigours of the climate and 
 season, manufactured clothing of all descriptions in flannel 
 to be sent over to the army in Flanders. It was a subject 
 on which the press launched out multitudes of jeux d’ esprit, 
 some of them not particularly delicate. This clever print 
 was one of the most effective satires on the zeal of the ladies, 
 and is said to have had no small effect in cooling it. There 
 is much point in the two dilapidated and neglected pictures 
 of Hannibal and Charles XII., warriors especially cele- 
 brated for the contempt with which they faced the rigours 
 of winter. 
 
 105. 
 
 THE HEROIC CHARLOTTE LA CORDE UPON 
 HER TRIAL. July 29th, 1?93. 
 
 On the death of the French democrat, Marat, by the 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 57 
 
 hand of Charlotte Corday, on the 13th of July, 1773* She 
 was immediately brought to trial by the Revolutionary 
 Tribune, condemned, and executed. An interesting account 
 of her will be found in Lamartine’s tc History of the Giron- 
 dists/ 5 [Bohns Library , vol. 3. p. 53.) 
 
 106. 
 
 BLUE AND BUFF CHARITY; OR THE PA- 
 TRIARCH OF THE GREEK CLERGY APPLY- 
 ING FOR RELIEF. June 12th , 1793. 
 
 J. HALL. DR. PRIESTLEY. LORD STANHOPE. SHERIDAN. 
 
 MICHAEL ANGELO TAYLOR. HORNE TOOKE. POX. 
 
 Fox’s private circumstances had become at this time so 
 embarrassed, that he was obliged to forego even the trifling 
 luxuries of life, and he was meditating on the necessity of 
 retiring from the political stage. But his friends interfered, 
 and in the summer of 1793, they held a meeting at the 
 Crown and Anchor, to take his affairs into consideration, 
 and a large subscription, with which he was relieved in his 
 present need, and an annuity which was purchased for him, 
 shewed Fox’s popularity. His enemies turned the dis- 
 tresses of the leader of the Patriots into ridicule : he is here 
 represented as receiving the charity of the Committee in 
 the shape of a shower of unpaid bonds, dishonoured bills, 
 and other similar documents from which they had relieved 
 him. Sheridan figures as the Sans-culotte highwayman ; 
 and Liberty Hall, as he was called, the ci-devant apothe- 
 cary, has in his pocket a bottle of poison for C£ W. Pitt.” 
 Blue and buff were the colours of Fox’s party. 
 
 107 . 
 
 A PARIS BELLE. February 26th , 1794. 
 
 A fancy portrait of a fair patriot of Paris under the 
 “ Reign of Terror.’ 5 It is a mere etching by Gillray, after 
 a drawing by another person ; but whether Miss Mary 
 Stokes 5 ’ be a real name or a mere pseudonyme, it is now 
 impossible to say. 
 
58 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 108. 
 
 A PARIS BEAU. February 26th, 1794. 
 
 A companion to the former plate, by the same artist. 
 
 109. 
 
 A FRENCH HAILSTORM; OR NEPTUNE LOSING 
 SIGHT OF THE BREST FLEET. Dec. 10, 1793. 
 
 LORD HOWE. 
 
 On Lord Howe’s inactivity, who was accused of remain- 
 ing idle in Torbay, while he ought to have been looking 
 into Brest harbour, to watch the movements of the French 
 fleet collected there. The popular cry represented the 
 English Admiral as being bribed by French gold to re- 
 main inactive ; and among the common toasts at political 
 dinners was, a Lord Howe — let him be toasted in Port !” 
 Gillray has here represented him as driven into the port of 
 Torbay by a hailstorm of money. A few months after, the 
 great naval victory of the first of June, 1794, restored 
 Lord Howe to universal popularity. 
 
 At this time the disasters experienced by the Allies on 
 the continent in every quarter, had very much damped the 
 warlike ardour of the people of England, and this altered 
 feeling will be seen in several of the caricatures which 
 follow. 
 
 110 . 
 
 PANTAGRUEUS VICTORIOUS RETURN TO THE 
 COURT OF GARGANTUA, AFTER EXTIR- 
 PATING THE SOUP-MEAGRES OF BOUILLE 
 LAND. February 10 tk, 1794. 
 
 THE DUKE OF YORK. GEORGE III. PITT. THE QUEEN. 
 
 A rather severe satire on the great results which were 
 expected from the expedition to Flanders, under the Duke 
 of York, and on his inglorious return. The Duke arrived 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 59 
 
 in London on his return on the 7th of February, 1794. 
 The condition in which he here appears shews the opinion 
 popularly entertained of his conduct in the war. While the 
 King, who was warmly attached to the amusements of the 
 chace, is represented in a costume which would make us 
 believe that he thought more of hunting than of State 
 affairs, Pitt is employed in considering the means of raising 
 money for the expenditure which the Duke’s expedition 
 has entailed, and of which he is reckoning up the items ; 
 while we see the Queen, in an apartment behind, busy 
 sacking her treasures. Pitt has not forgotten an expression 
 w'hich Burke had incautiously applied to the populace in 
 one of his speeches a little before this time — the swinish 
 multitude” — and which now became a sort of watchword of 
 party. On the 24th of February, 1793, a bookseller named 
 Eaton, -was tried, but acquitted, for the publication of a 
 pamphlet, entitled, ec Hog’swash ; or. Politics for the 
 People.” The term was frequently used at a subsequent 
 period. 
 
 111 . 
 
 FRENCH TELEGRAPH MAKING SIGNALS IN 
 THE DARK. January 2 6th, 1793. 
 
 FOX. 
 
 A satire on Fox’s supposed predilection for revolutionized 
 France, and on the wish he was accused of entertain- 
 ing, that the democratic principles triumphant in that 
 country should be transplanted to England. He had been 
 an uncompromising opponent of the warlike measures of 
 the Ministry, who did not hesitate to accuse him of wishing 
 to betray his country to the enemy. 
 
 112 . 
 
 THE BLESSINGS OF PEACE— THE CURSES OF 
 WAR. January 12 th 9 1795. 
 
 A print published with the design of warning the people 
 against allowing Britain to be exposed to the same calami- 
 ties with which the countries were already visited wherever 
 the French arms had penetrated, and of raising their indig- 
 
60 
 
 GILLRAY^S CARICATURES. 
 
 nation against the aggressive policy which now prevailed 
 in the revolutionary Government of France. 
 
 113. 
 
 THE GENIUS OF FRANCE TRIUMPHANT; ,OR 
 BRITANNIA PETITIONING FOR PEACE. 
 
 February 2nd, 1795. 
 
 FOX. LORD STANHOPE. SHERIDAN. 
 
 On the continued outcries of the party headed by Fox 
 and Sheridan for pacific overtures to France. It is in- 
 sinuated that the only way in which Britain could obtain 
 peace at this time would be by a very humble submission 
 to the frightful idol which France had set up. 
 
 Lord Stanhope, who was violent in his liberal principles, 
 had now taken the place of Priestley, with Fox and Sheri- 
 dan, in the political triumvirate. 
 
 114. 
 
 THE ERUPTION OF THE MOUNTAIN; OR, THE 
 HORRORS OF THE BOCCA DEL INFERNO. 
 
 July 25 til, 1794. 
 
 LORD LAUDERDALE. FOX. GENERAL FOX. SHERIDAN. 
 
 D. OF NORFOLK. M. A. TAYLOR. EARL OF DERBY. LD. STANHOPE. 
 
 It was a very ancient superstition at Naples, when a 
 dangerous eruption of Mount Vesuvius threatened the 
 surrounding country, to carry out the head of St. J anuarius 
 in solemn procession as a sure method of appeasing the 
 mountain. The so-called English Sans-culottes, instead of 
 Neapolitan lazzaroni, are here carrying forth the head of 
 their great leader, the political Januarius, who was supposed 
 to be the only person able to conciliate France, and thus 
 to appease the great revolutionary eruption. Sheridan, as 
 Cardinal, is officiating in the holy office ; Lord Lauder- 
 dale is the bearer of book, bell, and candle ; General Fox, 
 the cur which always smelt fire ; M. A. Taylor and Lord 
 Derby are trainbearers ; the Duke of Norfolk carries the 
 cap of liberty on his marshals staff ; and Lord Stanhope, 
 with his incendiary torches, brings up the rear. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 61 
 
 On the 30th of June, in this year, the Opposition, in 
 both Houses of Parliament, had moved resolutions expres- 
 sive of a wish for peace. 
 
 115. 
 
 THE LOVER’S DREAM. January 14^, 1795. 
 
 mrs. fitzherbert, and other favourites. sheridan. fox. 
 
 GEORGE III. THE QUEEN. PRINCE OF WALES. PRINCESS 
 CAROLINE. 
 
 On the negotiations for the marriage of the Prince of 
 Wales with the Princess Caroline of Brunswick, which 
 was solemnized on the 8th of April, 1795. It was popu- 
 larly expected that this marriage would wean the Prince 
 from his old vices, and here we see his hunters, his mis- 
 tresses, his gambling companions, and his bacchanalian 
 propensities, all disappearing before the dazzling prospect ; 
 which, however, as it was soon discovered, vras but a 
 dream. 
 
 116. 
 
 THE PROPHET OF THE HEBREWS — THE 
 PRINCE OF PEACE CONDUCTING THE JEWS 
 TO THE PROMISED LAND. March 5th, 1795. 
 
 MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE. FOX. SHERIDAN. LORD STANHOPE. 
 
 richard brothers, the Prophet. 
 
 Richard Brothers, ■who had been an officer in the royal 
 navy, and had subsequently become deranged, terrified the 
 weaker part of the public in the earlier part of 1795, by 
 his pretended prophecies, deduced from the Revelations, 
 concerning the French Revolution, the restoration of the 
 Jews, and the destruction of London. He was apprehended 
 by two King’s messengers, and brought before the Privy 
 Council for examination, on the 10th of March, and was 
 subsequently confined in Fisher’s Lunatic Asylum, Isling- 
 ton. The bundle of the elect who are here carried on the 
 
62 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 back of the prophet to the sans-culottic paradise are easily 
 recognized as chief leaders of the Opposition in Parlia- 
 ment, Lansdowne and Stanhope in the Lords, and Fos 
 and Sheridan in the Commons. 
 
 On March 31, Mr. Halhed, a distinguished Oriental 
 scholar, formerly in the civil service of the East India 
 Company, brought Brothers’s case before the House of 
 Commons, in a very temperate and eloquent speech. He 
 avowed himself a believer in his Prophecies and Mission. 
 He understood that he had been apprehended on the 10th, 
 on a charge of high treason, founded on the following 
 passage in his book. The Lord God commands me to 
 say to you, George III. King of England, that immediately 
 on my being revealed in London to the Hebrews, as their 
 Prince, and to all nations, as their Governor, your Crown 
 must be delivered unto me, that all your power and autho- 
 rity may cease.’’ The House knew what various explana- 
 tions were given to different portions of the Revelations, 
 and this he contended was a fair and legitimate interpreta- 
 tion, however painful and insulting to the King. He 
 assured the House that Brothers was a most quiet and 
 peaceable man, and the same could be attested by the 
 numerous persons of quality and fortune who frequented 
 his house. He moved his book lie on the table. No per- 
 son being found to second the motion, it fell to the ground. 
 
 • 
 
 117. 
 
 LEAVING OFF POWDER; OR, A FRUGAL 
 FAMILY SAVING THE GUINEA. March 10, 1795. 
 
 On Pitt’s tax upon hair-powder, which the Minister 
 fondly imagined would bring an immense sum to the 
 revenue, but the only effect of which was to cause the use 
 of hair-powder to be discontinued. The tax was one 
 guinea for each person using hair-powder ; hence those 
 who continued the powder were jocosely termed u guinea- 
 pigs’’ 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 63 
 
 118. 
 
 PATRIOTIC REGENERATION; viz. PARLIAMENT 
 REFORMED, A LA FRANCOISE,— THAT IS, 
 HONEST MEN (i. e. OPPOSITION) IN THE 
 SEAT OF JUSTICE. March 2nd , 1795. 
 
 ERSKINE., FOX. SHERIDAN. MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE. 
 LORD STANHOPE. PITT. LORD LAUDERDALE. LORD DERBY. 
 DUKE OF GRAFTON ( OU a coronet.) THE DUKE OF NORFOLK (on 
 a coronet .) 
 
 On the motions for Reform in Parliament. A scene in 
 the imaginary new democratic House of Commons. Fox 
 is in the chair as President. Lord Stanhope, as public 
 accuser, and Lord Lauderdale, as executioner, are bringing 
 Pitt to the bar, who is accused of treason to the country ; 
 Sheridan is the Secretary of the House, and Erskine the 
 Republican Attorney-General ; Lord Lansdowne is busily 
 occupied in weighing the Crown by the new French weight. 
 Derby, Grafton, and Norfolk, are warming their hands at 
 a fire, in which they have cast the Holy Bible and Magna 
 Charta. This is a specimen of the extravagant exaggera- 
 tions in which political party too often indulged. 
 
 119. 
 
 LIGHT EXPELLING DARKNESS— EVAPORA- 
 TION OF STYGIAN EXHALATIONS; OR, THE 
 SUN OF THE CONSTITUTION RISING SUPE- 
 RIOR TO THE CLOUDS OF OPPOSITION. 
 
 PITT. SHERIDAN. FOX. LORD STANHOPE. LORD LAUDERDALE. 
 DUKE OF GRAFTON. LORD DERBY. DUKE OF NORFOLK. 
 LORD LANSDOWNE. M. A. TAYLOR. ERSKINE. 
 
 Pitt riding triumphant over the Opposition, drawn by 
 the Horse of Hanover and the Lion of Britain. The 
 leaders of Opposition are dispersing in the shade ; the bats 
 below are easily recognized as Lord Lansdowne, M. A. 
 Taylor, and Erskine. 
 
64 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 120 . 
 
 AFFABILITY. February 10 th, 1795. 
 
 QUEEN. GEORGE III. 
 
 A satire on the familiar and undignified demeanour of 
 the King in private life. He was said to stroll about in 
 the neighbourhood of his farm near Windsor, and accost the 
 labourers familiarly. Peter Pindar alludes to this in the 
 following lines : — 
 
 t( Then asks the farmer’s wife, or farmer’s maid, 
 
 How many eggs the fowls have laid ; 
 
 What’s in the oven, in the pot, the crock ; 
 
 Whether ’twill rain or no, and what’s o’clock : 
 
 Thus from poor hovels gleaning information , 
 
 To serve as future treasure for the nation — ” 
 
 and in various other places. 
 
 121 . 
 
 A TRUE BRITISH TAR. May 28th , 1795. 
 
 THE DUKE OP CLARENCE. 
 
 A satire on the Sailor-Prince, who was a great lounger 
 in Bond-street, and whose connection with Mrs. Jordan 
 was at this time the grand subject of scandal. 
 
 122 . 
 
 THE REAL CAUSE OF THE PRESENT HIGH 
 PRICE OF PROVISIONS. May 1 1th, 1795. 
 
 DUKE OF NORFOLK. DUKE OF BEDFORD. DUKE OF GRAFTON. 
 LORD LANSDOWNE. SHERIDAN. FOX. GREY. 
 
 ERSKINE. LORD STANHOPE. 
 
 In the bitterness of party animosity, it was pretended 
 that the Whigs assisted the French in obtaining provisions 
 from this country, and that they thus increased the scarcity 
 and consequent dearness of provisions at home, which was 
 at this time a subject of great discontent throughout the 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 65 
 
 country. Fox, dressed as the Commissioner-General of 
 the French armies, is negociating the purchases, while 
 Erskine attends as his Secretary, and Sheridan and Grey 
 carry the money. The Duke of Bedford is making a good 
 market of his meal; the Duke of Norfolk brings in a 
 basket of dumplings ; Grafton is driving the live stock to 
 the coast ; and Stanhope is the steersman of the boat which 
 is to carry them on ship-board. 
 
 123. 
 
 POLONIUS. ~ ’ May 18 th 9 1795. 
 
 KING. QUEEN. LOUD SALISBURY, (CHAMBERLAIN.) 
 
 The Marquis of Salisbury, by Gillray designated Polo- 
 nius, held the office of Lord Chamberlain at this period. 
 
 124. 
 
 JOHN BULL GROUND DOWN. June 1st, 1795. 
 
 PRINCE OF WALES. BURKE. DUNDAS. PITT. 
 
 John Bull is here turned into money by a rather rough 
 process. The Prince’s creditors, jockeys, Jews, pro- 
 curesses, and mistresses, are but ill satisfied with all that 
 can be ground out of poor John. Pitt acts as the remorse- 
 less grinder ; and Burke is among the scramblers. The 
 Crown sheds its rays on the labours of the Minister, the 
 inscriptions on which express the peculiar sympathy which 
 the King was supposed to feel for grinder and grinded. 
 
 The immediate subject of this caricature was the settle- 
 ment of the Prince’s revenue on his marriage with Caro- 
 line of Brunswick. 
 
 125. 
 
 GOD SAVE THE KING, IN A BUMPER; OR, 
 AN EVENING SCENE, THREE TIMES A WEEK, 
 AT WIMBLETON. May 27 th, 1795. 
 
 DUNDAS. PITT. 
 
 Pitt and Dundas were celebrated for their convivial pro- 
 
 F 
 
66 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 pensities, and Wimbleton, the residence of Pitt, was the 
 usual scene of their most profound potations. 
 
 126. 
 
 BLINDMAN’S BUFF; OR, TOO MANY FOR 
 JOHN BULL. June \2th , 1795. 
 
 PITT. RUSSIA. AUSTRIA. JOHN BULL. 
 
 HOLLAND AND PRANCE. 
 
 On the subsidies and aids granted so lavishly by the 
 English Government to the Continental Powers in arms 
 against France. Prussia and Austria are picking John’s 
 pockets, while France and Holland are treating him with 
 derision. Poor John, blindfold in the midst of his ene- 
 mies, knows not whether to turn to avoid them, while his 
 ruler betrays him into their hands. The loan granted by the 
 British Government to the Emperor of Austria had excited 
 very animated discussions in the House of Commons at 
 at the end of May and beginning of June of this year. 
 
 127. 
 
 PRESAGES OF THE MILLENIUM; WITH THE 
 DESTRUCTION OF THE FAITHFUL. 
 
 June 4, 1795. 
 
 PITT. DUNDAS. LOUGHBOROUGH. LORD KENYON. BURKE. 
 LANSDOWNE. SHERIDAN. WILBERFORCE. FOX. DUKE 
 OF NORFOLK. EARL STANHOPE. DUKE OF GRAFTON. 
 
 On the motions for peace with France, in the session of 
 1795, and on Pitt’s constant victories over the Opposition. 
 Wilberforce had brought forward the motion for peace in 
 the House of Commons. Pitt, as Death, is riding some- 
 what roughly the White Horse of Hanover ; the little figure 
 urging him on alludes to the Prince of Wales, and the 
 revenue, .£125,000 settled upon him on his marriage. The 
 pigs, of course, are the “ swinish multitude.’’ It is a bold 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 67 
 
 parody on the book of Revelation. Halhed was one of 
 the believers in, and supporters of, the prophet Brothers. 
 
 128. 
 
 WHAT A CUR >TIS! June 9th, 1795. 
 
 ADMIRAL CURTIS. LORD HOWE. 
 
 Admiral Sir Roger Curtis is satirized for his supposed 
 obsequiousness to the dark-countenanced hero of the 
 1st of June, whom the sailors generally knew best by the 
 nickname of c<r Black Dick.” Both these faces are said to 
 be admirable portraits, and the one in the chair especially 
 was remarked for its accurate resemblance, in figure and 
 manner, to Lord Howe. 
 
 129. 
 
 A KEEN-SIGHTED POLITICIAN WARMING HIS 
 IMAGINATION. June 13 th, 1795. 
 
 LORD GRENVILLE. 
 
 This is a satirical picture of Lord Grenville, who at a 
 later period joined in the celebrated Broad Bottom Minis- 
 try. The position with regard to the fire appears to have 
 been a favourite one with his Lordship. 
 
 130. 
 
 THE BRITISH BUTCHER SUPPLYING JOHN 
 BULL WITH A SUBSTITUTE FOR BREAD. 
 
 July 6th , 1795. 
 
 JOHN BULL. PITT. 
 
 The dearness of corn, and the increasing scarcity of pro- 
 visions and high price of bread, led to much rioting in the 
 months of June and July, 1?95. The Minister is said to 
 have sent some recommendations to the Lord Mayor, 
 which were represented as implying principles like those 
 
 f 2 
 
68 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 expressed in this print. The following lines are printed 
 beneath the plate : — 
 
 Billy the Butcher's Advice to John Bull. 
 
 Since bread is so dear (and you say you must eat), 
 
 For to save the expense you must live upon meat ; 
 
 And as twelvepence the quartern you can’t pay for bread, 
 
 Get a crown’s worth of meat,— it will serve in its stead. 
 
 John Bull presents a picture of starvation, which is not 
 usual with him. 
 
 131. 
 
 THE SLEEP-WALKER. November 1st, 1795. 
 
 PITT. 
 
 The allusion of this Caricature is not very clear. By some 
 it is supposed to refer to back-door influence, and to inter- 
 views between the favourite Minister and his Master, 
 which took place at an advanced hour after the honest 
 part of the community were in bed. By others it is thought 
 to exhibit the force of habit in Mr. Pitt, who even in his 
 sleep seems to fancy himself proceeding to the House of 
 Commons, to participate in the debates. 
 
 132. 
 
 THE REPUBLICAN ATTACK. November 1st, 1795. 
 
 PEPPER ARDEN. DUNDAS. GRENVILLE. LOUGHBOROUGH. 
 GEORGE Til. EARLS ONSLOW AND WESTMORELAND. PITT. 
 GRAFTON. STANHOPE. LAUDERDALE. SHERIDAN. FOX. 
 LANSDOWNE. 
 
 On the outrageous attack upon the King by the mob, 
 when he was proceeding to open Parliament, on the 29th 
 of October, 1795. The satirist has chosen to represent 
 the leaders of the Opposition in Parliament, under the 
 character of rioters. The royal carriage, driven somewhat 
 furiously by Pitt, is running over Britannia. The cries of 
 the real mob were for cheap bread and peace, and in their 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 69 
 
 rage the populace added, <s No King !” and “ Down with 
 George \” The window of the state carriage was broken 
 by a stone or, as was said, by a shot from an air-gun. 
 
 133. 
 
 SUPPLEMENTARY MILITIA, TURNING OUT 
 FOR TWENTY DAYS. November 25th , 1796. 
 
 HOPPNER. 
 
 A satire on the extraordinary efforts to make a military 
 appearance against the invasion threatened by the French 
 in 1796. Hoppner, the Painter, is in the centre, with a 
 pallet marked R.A. 
 
 134. 
 
 COPENHAGEN HOUSE. November 1 6th, 1795. 
 
 GALE JONES. THELWALL. 
 
 On the great meeting in Copenhagen Fields, on the 13th 
 of November, 1795, called by the London Corresponding 
 Society, to petition the King and both Houses of Parlia- 
 ment against the Bill for the protection of the King’s 
 person, which had been brought in after the outrage of the 
 29th of October. The speaker in the rude rostrum to the 
 right is understood to represent the celebrated Thelwall ; 
 on the hustings, to the left, Gale Jones. The other 
 speakers at this meeting were Hodson and John Binns. 
 
 135. 
 
 SUBSTITUTES FOR BREAD ; OR RIGHT 
 HONOURABLES SAVING THE LOAVES AND 
 DIVIDING THE FISHES. December 24th, 1795. 
 
 LOUGHBOROUGH. LORD GRENVILLE. DUNDAS. 
 
 PEPPER ARDEN. PITT. 
 
 Another satire on the want of sympathy supposed to 
 have been shewn by Ministers in the year of scarcity, 1795. 
 The Ministers themselves are here finding a golden sub- 
 
70 GILLRaY^S caricatures. 
 
 stitute for bread. They are devouring the fishes without 
 the loaves. 
 
 136. 
 
 THE REPUBLICAN RATTLESNAKE FASCINAT- 
 ING THE BEDFORD SQUIRREL Nov. 16, 1795. 
 
 DUKE OF BEDFORD. FOX. 
 
 On the political influence exerted by Fox over Francis, 
 Duke of Bedford, who had become one of the most zealous 
 of the popular party. 
 
 137. 
 
 RETRIBUTION— TARRING AND FEATHERING; 
 OR THE PATRIOTS REVENGE. 
 
 November 26th, 1795. 
 
 SHERIDAN. PITT. FOX. 
 
 On the opposition to the Bill against Seditious Meet- 
 ings, and the rough manner in which the Whigs in Parlia- 
 ment treated the Minister. It is hardly necessary to point 
 out the sort of tar with which the two leaders of the popular 
 party are tarring and feathering their grand opponent. 
 
 138. 
 
 HANGING. DROWNING. November 9th, 1?95. 
 
 FOX. PITT. DUNDAS. 
 
 Another allusion to the love of the two Ministers for the 
 bottle. It represents the different feelings with which 
 different parties in this country were supposed to have 
 looked upon the decline of Republican principles in France 
 at this time. 
 
 139. 
 
 THE CROWN AND ANCHOR LIBEL BURNT 
 BY THE PUBLIC HANGMAN. Nov. 28, 1795. 
 
 JOHN REEVE. PITT. SHERIDAN. ERSKINE. FOX. 
 
 In the centre of this print, it will be seen, is No Lords, 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 71 
 
 no Commons, no Parliament, damn the Revolution, and 
 the Royal Stump. 
 
 While the Ministers were exulting in their triumphant 
 majorities, during the progress of the passing the Treason 
 and Sedition Bills, an incident occurred which not a little 
 discomposed their satisfaction. On the 23rd of November, 
 the day appointed for the second reading of the bill against 
 Seditious meetings, Mr. Sturt rose and claimed precedence 
 to lay before the House a gross breach of privilege, and a 
 libel, which struck at the very roots of the constitution. 
 He held in his hand a pamphlet, written by John Reeves, 
 Esq., a well-known agent and supporter of Ministers, a 
 gentleman who held a place under Government, and was 
 chairman of the Loyal Association, held at the Crown and 
 Anchor, for bringing to punishment the authors of libels 
 and the attendants at seditious meetings. The pamphlet 
 was entitled, u Thoughts on the English Government,” 
 from which he would read the following passages — “ W ith 
 the exception of the advice and consent of the two Houses 
 of Parliament, and the interposition of juries, the Govern- 
 ment and the Administration rest wholly and solely on the 
 King and those appointed by him. In fine the Govern- 
 ment of England is a monarchy. The monarchy is the 
 ancient stock from which have sprung those goodly branches 
 of the legislature, the Lords and Commons, that at the 
 same time give ornament to the tree, and afford shelter to 
 those who seek protection under it. But these are still 
 only branches , and derive their origin and nutriment from 
 their common parent. They may be lopped off, and the 
 tree is a tree still, shorn indeed of its honours, but not like 
 them, cast into the fire. The Kingly Government may go 
 on in all its functions without Lords or Commons , as it has 
 heretofore done for years together, and in our times it 
 does so during every recess of Parliament, but without 
 the King the Parliament is no more.” He was surprised 
 that ct at the Whig Club, gentlemen of liberal education, 
 acknowledged taste, and high station in society, should so 
 
72 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 often allude to the Revolution. The mention of the Re- 
 volution could not sound very grateful to the royal ear.” 
 Mr. Pitt avowed the passages read could not be justified, 
 but before he could form a decisive judgment, he must read 
 the whole, and examine the context. Windham also ad- 
 mitted the improper tendency of the extracts, but fancied 
 the real cause of offence was the loyal conduct of Mr. 
 Reeves in his praiseworthy attempts to put down sedition. 
 A Member proposed the libel should be burnt by the com- 
 mon hangman. The debate was adjourned to the 26th, 
 and on its resumption it was ordered to be prosecuted by 
 the Attorney-General, as a gross and scandalous libel. 
 Chagrined, but not dismayed, by this contre temps , Pitt 
 then moved the second reading of the obnoxious bill against 
 Seditious Meetings. 
 
 The Whig Club had held an extraordinary meeting at 
 the Crown and Anchor, November 11, and passed a series 
 of resolutions, strongly condemning the arbitrary enact- 
 ments of the two bills, and recommending the people to 
 meet and petition against them. This appeal was enthu- 
 siastically responded to throughout the kingdom. 
 
 140. 
 
 THE DEATH OF THE GREAT WOLF. 
 
 December 17 th, 1795. 
 
 SIR C. LONG AND BROTHER. LOUGHBOROUGH. MARQUIS OF 
 
 BUCKINGHAM. WYNDHAM. BURKE. PITT. PEPPER ARDEN. 
 
 LANSDOWNE. DUNDAS. WILBERFORCE. D. OF RICHMOND. 
 
 A parody on West’s picture of the Death of Wolfe. On 
 the attack upon Pitt, in the House of Commons, in the 
 December of 1795, on the occasion of the Estimates. The 
 dying hero (Pitt) is supported by Dundas, who offers him 
 a farewell glass ; and by Burke, whose K Reflections” are 
 now upon his pension. The Chancellor figures as a 
 Mohawk savage. Sir C. Long and his brother, as the two 
 runners : Lord Grenville, supported by Wyndham : old 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 73 
 
 Pepper Arden, known by his nose and wig ; and Wib 
 berforce and Richmond (the latter carrying his leathern 
 ordnance on his back), a weeping couple ; are all easily 
 recognized. 
 
 141. 
 
 THE ROYAL BULLFIGHT. November 21 st, 1795. 
 
 PITT. LANSDOWNE. POX. SHERIDAN. GEORGE III. 
 DERBY. STANHOPE, &C. 
 
 Pitt, mounted on the Hanoverian Horse, is again encoun- 
 tering the British Bull, which he has already severely 
 wounded. An allusion to the fierce Parliamentary debates 
 of the November of 1795. The King and Royal Family 
 occupy the upper row of seats, while the features of the 
 Opposition Members are traced indistinctly in those below. 
 The satire is explained by the inscription at the foot of the 
 plate. 
 
 142. 
 
 THE PRESENTATION ; OR, THE WISE MEN’S 
 OFFERING. January 9th , 1796. 
 
 POX. SHERIDAN. PRINCE OF WALES. 
 
 On the birth of the Princess Charlotte, which took place 
 on the 7th of January, 1796. 
 
 143. 
 
 A HACKNEY MEETING. February 1st, 1796. 
 
 POX. t BYNG. MAINWARING. 
 
 Never during the reign of George III. not even during 
 the American or French wars, were the public meetings so 
 universal, and so respectably attended, as against the two 
 bills for the Protection of the King’s person, and against 
 Seditious meetings, passed by Ministers in consequence of 
 the outrage against the King at the opening of Parliament 
 
74 
 
 GILLRAY^S CARICATURES. 
 
 in October, 1795. The restrictions as originally proposed 
 were so stringent, that a meeting even in a private house, 
 exceeding fifty, could not take place without giving notice 
 to a magistrate, who might attend if he thought proper, 
 and at his pleasure order the meeting to disperse, and any 
 person not obeying was to be guilty of felony. The Sheriff 
 of Middlesex summoned the freeholders to assemble at the 
 Mermaid, at Hackney, on November 21, but the house 
 could not contain a third of the number assembled, and 
 they adjourned to the Green adjoining the house. The 
 Duke of Norfolk opened the proceedings, and told the 
 meeting they must not be misled by the specious titles of 
 the bills, <e I dare say, if the High Priest of the Spanish 
 Inquisition was to come among us to introduce his system 
 of inquisition here, he would call it an act for the better 
 support and protection of religion ; but we have under- 
 standings that are not to be deceived in this way/’ The 
 meeting returned thanks to Mr. Byng for his opposition to 
 the measure, and ordered their petition to be presented by 
 both their Members. Mainwaring, the ministerial Member, 
 candidly stated in the House of Commons, that the meeting 
 was most numerously and respectably attended, and that 
 the requisition to the Sheriff had been “ signed by three 
 Dukes, one Marquis, two Earls, and several most respecta- 
 ble freeholders.” 
 
 144. 
 
 PITY THE SORROWS OF A POOR OLD MAN. 
 
 February 1796. 
 
 BURKE. DUKE OF BEDFORD. 
 
 A view of the entrance to Bedford House, which for- 
 merly stood in Bloomsbury Square, The Duke had made 
 some strong observations in the House of Lords on what 
 the Whigs considered as Burke’s apostasy from his party, 
 which produced a printed letter addressed by the old 
 Jesuit, as the Caricaturist termed him, to the Duke, in 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 75 
 
 his own exculpation, in which he made a strong appeal to 
 his former friendship with his uncle. Lord Keppel. This 
 caricature alludes to a construction put upon the letter by 
 some of Burke’s enemies. 
 
 145. 
 
 THE DOG TAX. April 12 tk, 1796. 
 
 SHERIDAN. EOX. PITT. DUNDAS. 
 
 The dog-tax was one of the novelties of the year 1796, 
 and was the subject of much complaint and satire in and 
 out of Parliament. It was proposed by Mr. Dent, the 
 banker, and celebrated book collector, in a speech so replete 
 with bitterness against the nuisance of dogs, that Windham 
 declared he could almost fancy Actaeon was revived, and 
 revenging his injuries by a ban against the whole canine 
 race. Dent ever after went by the sobriquet of Dog Dent. 
 
 The distinction between the dogs which were to pay the 
 tax, and those which were to be exempt, was especially a 
 subject for jokes. Gillray has here given us his picture 
 of the dogs which were to be paid for by the public, and 
 those which were cc not paid for.” The two Ministers 
 were, in fact, expensive dogs. 
 
 146. 
 
 DEMOCRATIC LEVELLING ; ALLIANCE A LA 
 FRANCOISE; OR, THE UNION OF THE 
 CORONET AND CLYSTER-PIPE. March 4th, 1796. 
 
 EARL STANHOPE. HIS DAUGHTER. EOX. MR. TAYLOR. 
 
 SHERIDAN. 
 
 This print may seem at first sight a cruel invasion of the 
 privacy of domestic life, and to exceed even the bounds 
 usually allowed to caricaturists. But the extraordinary 
 violence of Lord Stanhope’s political conduct justified the 
 severity of the satire. Lord Stanhope had become Presi- 
 dent of the Revolution Society, and in his speech, in the 
 House of Lords, April 4, 1794, quoted nearly the whole of 
 
76 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 the eighth chapter of the First Book of Samuel, in order 
 to prove that kings were considered by the sacred writers, 
 and by God himself, as a curse upon mankind. He de- 
 clared again on May 2, in the House of Lords, that he was 
 a Jacobin. On all occasions he professed such utter dis- 
 regard for the mere distinctions of rank, that he was 
 satirized by the Tories as the very ne plus ultra of Sans- 
 culottes, in which character he is here represented. Fox 
 and Sheridan are introduced as the officiating ministers in 
 this republican alliance. 
 
 The real facts of the case respecting the marriage are — 
 Lord Stanhope’s daughter, Lady Lucy Rachael, eloped 
 with Mr. Thomas Taylor, the family apothecary, residing 
 at Seven Oaks, Kent. Her father, notwithstanding the 
 levelling principles he professed, refused to be recon- 
 ciled to her. Her uncle, Mr. Pitt, requested Mr. Taylor 
 to relinquish his business, and gave him a place under 
 Government. Lord Chatham also countenanced his niece 
 and her husband. He appointed their eldest son, William 
 Stanhope Taylor, one of his executors, who, in consequence, 
 came into possession, and edited in conjunction with Cap- 
 tain Pringle, the interesting Correspondence of the great 
 Earl of Chatham, 4 vols. 8vo. 
 
 Mr. Pitt, on his death-bed, being asked by the Bishop 
 of Lincoln (Dr. Tomline), if he had any wish to express, 
 adverted in his reply to his three nieces, the daughters of 
 the Earl of Stanhope, by his eldest sister, for whom he 
 had always manifested the sincerest affection, he said, u I 
 could wish a thousand or fifteen hundred a-year to be given 
 them, if the public should think my long services deserv- 
 ing of it.’’ Parliament voted £40,000. for the payment of 
 his debts, and George III. granted an annuity of £1200. 
 to the nieces. Lady Lucy Rachael died in the year 1814, 
 and we see by the Report on Pensions made to the House 
 of Commons in 1838, an annuity of £100. was granted to 
 each of her seven sons. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 77 
 
 147. 
 
 THE GENERA. OF PATRIOTISM; OR, THE 
 BLOOMSBURY FARMER PLANTING BED- 
 FORDSHIRE WHEAT. February 3rd, 1796. 
 
 DUKE OF BEDFORD. SHERIDAN. FOX. LORD LAUDERDALE. 
 
 The Duke of Bedford, the Republican farmer, is sowing 
 his fields with gold, which, under the genial rays of the 
 sun of Democracy (Fox), is growing up into French 
 bonnets-rouges and Jacobin daggers. The lightning of 
 ministerial influence appears to be destroying the crop. 
 Fox smiles at the influence which he is said to have 
 exerted over the Duke’s gold, which was believed to be 
 expended rather lavishly in supporting his party. Sheri- 
 dan drives the plough, while Lord Lauderdale urges on 
 J ohn Bull here yoked to it. 
 
 148. 
 
 JOHN BULL AND HIS DOG FAITHFUL. 
 
 April 20th , 1796. 
 
 PITT. FOX. JOHN BULL. SHERIDAN. GREY. 
 
 John Bull, by taxes, loans, and a variety of other mis- 
 haps, into which the dog (Pitt) to whose guidance he has 
 intrusted himself has led him, is reduced to a very lament- 
 able condition, and is sorely persecuted. Fox is the dog 
 licensed to bark at the “ faithful” leader ; Sheridan, the 
 dog licensed to bite, has seized the wrong leg ; and Mr. 
 Grey (the Greyhound), seems to harbour a design against 
 his garments. Blind John is walking very near the edge 
 of a precipice. The expenses of Government were obliged 
 to be met by a heavy loan, one of those which contributed 
 to John Bull’s back the overwhelming national debt. 
 
78 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 149. 
 
 THE WINE DUTY; OR, THE TRIUMPH OF 
 BACCHUS AND SILENUS; WITH JOHN 
 BOLUS REMONSTRANCE. April 20 th, 1796. 
 
 DUNDAS. PITT. JOHN BULL. 
 
 A parody on a well-known picture. The necessities of 
 the year 1796 gave rise to many expedients for multiply- 
 ing taxes ; and John Bull seemed destined to be deprived 
 of all the enjoyments of life to satisfy his two jovial 
 Ministers. The love of Pitt and Dundas for the juice of the 
 grape was proverbial. 
 
 150. 
 
 THE DISSOLUTION; OR, THE ALCHYMIST 
 PRODUCING AN JETHERIAL REPRESENTA- 
 TION. May 21st, 1796. 
 
 PITT. 
 
 On the intention to dissolve Parliament, announced in 
 the Speech from the Throne which closed the Session of 
 1796. Pitt, the political Alchymist, with his Treasury 
 coals (the gold of the nation), and his royal alembic, is 
 dissolving one Parliament (where there is opposition) to 
 produce another which will be more subservient to him. 
 He is seated on one of his own new barracks, the subject 
 of some warm debates in the Parliament which was now to 
 be dissolved. 
 
 151. 
 
 THE HUSTINGS. May 21st, 1?9 6. 
 
 FOX. 
 
 One of the popular questions of which it was pretended 
 Fox would take advantage on the hustings at the new 
 elections. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 79 
 
 152. 
 
 THE DAILY ADVERTISER. January 23rd, 1797. 
 
 pitt’s head. pox. 
 
 Fox travestied into a newsman, brings melancholy intel- 
 ligence. The satire is founded on one of Dundas’s speeches 
 in the House of Commons, in which he made a rather 
 bitter reply to the popular orator’s attacks upon Ministers, 
 and characterized him sneeringly as a “ Daily Advertiser.” 
 The Daily Advertiser was at this time one of the Opposition 
 papers. 
 
 153. 
 
 A PROOF OF THE REFINED FEELINGS OF 
 AN AMIABLE CHARACTER, LATELY A 
 CANDIDATE FOR A CERTAIN ANCIENT 
 CITY. no date, {circa 1780-1) 
 
 On the left of the print is a gentleman with a horsewhip 
 in his right hand ; with his left he has hold of the ear of 
 a lady, whose bonnet and feathers he has knocked off, 
 and is threatening to horsewhip. He is saying, £ ‘ Pro 
 Bono Patrice on his left is a man calling out, “ I’ll 
 support you.” On the right of the print the clergy in 
 canonicals are drawn up, shocked at the violence of the 
 proceeding. A cathedral is seen shadowed at a distance. 
 
 This evidently alludes to some election squabble in a 
 cathedral city. The lady was probably an active can- 
 vasser for the rival candidate. 
 
 We have made extensive inquiries respecting this spi- 
 rited print, but we have not been able to obtain even a 
 surmise of the person alluded to. In the absence of 
 all positive information, we will ourselves hazard a 
 conjecture. Whoever the person was, he must have 
 been eccentric, a sportsman, and a representative or 
 
 G 
 
80 
 
 gxllray’s caricatures. 
 
 candidate for a cathedral city. These three characteristics 
 were combined in the person of Mr. Charles Turner, created 
 a baronet by the Marquis of Rockingham in 1782. He 
 represented the city of York in Parliament from 1 7 H 8 till 
 his death in October, 1783. Sir N. Wraxall, who sat in 
 the House of Commons with him, describes him 46 as one 
 of the most eccentric men who ever sat in Parliament.” 
 ee Sir Charles had many peculiarities of character, dress, 
 language, and deportment, in all which he was truly ori- 
 ginal. He never wore any coat, except one of a green 
 colour, with tally-ho buttons, for he was a decided sports- 
 man.” (See Wraxall’s Historical Memoirs, vol. 3, p. 24.) 
 When Coke of Norfolk, in February, 1782, brought in a 
 Bill for the revisal of the Game Laws with a view to pre- 
 vent poaching, Sir C. Turner stigmatized the whole code 
 of Game Laws as tyrannical and disgraceful to the country. 
 (C If I had been a poor man, I am convinced that I should 
 have been a poacher, in defiance of the laws. I wish to 
 see the Game Laws revised, and stripped of more than 
 half their severity. My wish, nevertheless, is by no 
 means an interested one ; for every shilling I possess is in 
 land, and I am a sportsman as well as other gentlemen.” 
 (Ibid. vol. 3, page 25). On the 7th of May, 1782, Pitt 
 brought forward his motion for Parliamentary Reform. 
 Ci Sawbridge seconded, and Sheridan supported Pitt’s 
 motion ; but Sir Charles Turner, by his originality, and 
 blunt simplicity of diction, as well as of sentiment, 
 attracted more attention than either the one or the other. 
 He said, in his opinion, the House of Commons might be 
 justly considered as a parcel of thieves, who having stolen 
 an estate, were apprehensive of allowing any person to see 
 their title deeds, from the fear of again losing it by such 
 an inspection.” (Yol. 3. p. 84.) 
 
 In the R(oya)l R(egiste)r, a satirical work written by 
 Combe, author of the Diaboliad, Dr. Syntax’s Tour, &c. 
 Turner’s character is thus drawn. “ Mr. C — — T— — 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 81 
 
 is the Marplot of his own party,, and in his Parliamentary 
 capacity demands the pity of his friends, the contempt of 
 the wise, and makes himself a laughing-stock for the 
 crowd.” (Royal Register, vol. 7 3 p. 129). 
 
 The Gentleman’s Magazine, in recording his death on 
 the 23rd of October, 1783, says, “ of whom more shall be 
 said hereafter.” But we have not been able to trace any 
 further notice of him in that valuable repository. 
 
 154. 
 
 THE CANEING IN CONDUIT STREET : DEDI- 
 CATED TO THE FLAG OFFICERS OF THE 
 BRITISH NAVY. October 1st, 1796. 
 
 LORD CAMELFORD. CAPTAIN VANCOUVER’S BROTHER. 
 
 CAPTAIN VANCOUVER. 
 
 On an attack made by Lord Camelford upon Captain 
 Vancouver, under whom he had served in the Navy, and 
 on whom, meeting him accidentally in Conduit Street, he 
 thus retaliated for the severity he had experienced from 
 him when under his command. There are in the carica- 
 ture various insinuations against the Captain’s probity. 
 
 Lord Camelford was born February 26, 1775. In his 
 spirit and temper, when a boy, there appeared something 
 which, though vigorous and manly, was peculiar and un- 
 manageable. In compliance with a predilection of his own, 
 he was suffered, at an early age, to enter the royal navy as 
 a midshipman. Being a seaman of an extremely adven- 
 turous spirit, he, by his eager choice, accompanied the late 
 Captain Vancouver in the Discovery, in a part of his 
 voyage round the world. In consequence of his refractori- 
 ness and disobedience of orders, he put Captain Vancouver 
 to the necessity of treating him with a severity of disci- 
 pline, which he could not endure. 
 
 He accordingly quitted the Discovery in the Indian Seas, 
 
 G 2 
 
82 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 and entered on board the Resistance, commanded by Sir 
 Edward Pakenham, by whom he was appointed lieutenant. 
 During his absence from England his father died, and he 
 consequently succeeded to the title and family estates. On 
 his return home, in October, 1796, he sent a challenge to 
 Captain Vancouver Ctf for the ungentlemanlike treatment” 
 he alleged he had received while under his command. The 
 Captain replied, that his Lordship’s misbehaviour had 
 obliged him to resort to the measures of which he com- 
 plained, and that the steps he had taken were absolutely 
 necessary for the preservation of discipline. At the same 
 time, the Captain offered to submit the business tc to any 
 one officer, and if it should be considered that he was 
 accountable to Lord Camelford, as a private gentleman, for 
 such official conduct towards him, he would not hesitate a 
 single moment to give the required satisfaction.” This 
 method of settling the dispute was by no means congenial 
 to the fiery disposition of Lord Camelford, who now 
 threatened the Captain with personal chastisement. Nor 
 was it long before an opportunity presented itself for the 
 execution of his menace. Captain Vancouver, finding his 
 offer of a reference rejected, and himself threatened with 
 personal insult, felt himself compelled to have recourse to 
 the laws of his country for protection, and for this purpose 
 was on his way to the Lord Chancellor’s Office, accom- 
 panied by his brother, Mr. Charles Vancouver, when he 
 was met by Lord Camelford, in Conduit-street, who aimed 
 several blows of his cane at him, which were averted by 
 his brother. The insult being thus offered, Lord Camel- 
 ford retired. This occurrence is said to have pressed on 
 the spirits of that meritorious officer, and to have hastened 
 his death, which took place on May 10, 1798. . 
 
 It would be extremely unjust to the memory of Captain 
 Vancouver to attach the slightest imputation of cowardice 
 to his refusal of the challenge of Lord Camelford. He 
 only acted in conformity with the regulations of the 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 83 
 
 service. Many distinguished officers have done precisely 
 the same. No one ever questioned the personal courage 
 of Earl St. Vincent. When he commanded the fleet 
 blockading Cadiz, in 1798, the Prince George launch 
 was captured. He immediately issued a general order, 
 stating that, “ It was painful to him to pass censure on 
 many of the officers who commanded the gun-boats this 
 morning, and recommended that the Captains should send 
 no one on that important service but such as were of ap- 
 proved firmness.” Rear-Admiral Sir J. Orde considered 
 this to convey a censure on two of his Lieutenants, Duffey 
 and Nowell, and required a modification of the order, or 
 that they should be brought to a Court Martial. A pe- 
 remptory refusal was given. Other circumstances excited 
 the irritability of Sir J. Orde. Finally, Lord St. Vincent 
 dispatched Sir Horatio Nelson (afterwards Lord Nelson) 
 on the Nile expedition. Sir J. Orde indignantly remon- 
 strated against the appointment of an officer who was his 
 junior. Earl St. Vincent replied, that as he was respon- 
 sible for the conduct of the squadron, it was only 
 reasonable he should nominate the officer who enjoyed his 
 confidence, that his plans would be carried into complete 
 execution. On Lord St. Vincent's return to England, in 
 1799, Sir J. Orde sent Captain Walrond with a challenge 
 to him ; but he declined by letter, on the ground of not 
 being personally responsible for his public measures.” 
 See Captain Brentoffis Life of Earl St. Vincent, vol. i. 
 p. 374 to 409. 
 
 Lord Camelford fell a victim to his own impetuosity in 
 the 29th year of his age. He received a mortal wound on 
 the 7th of March, 1804, in a duel he had provoked with 
 Captain Best. He would have died unregretted, being 
 considered overbearing and insulting in his general con- 
 duct ; but on opening his will, two codicils were found 
 written with his own hand the night before the fatal duel ; 
 the one evincing a generous feeling towards his antagonist, 
 
84 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 the other marking the eccentricity and waywardness of 
 mind, which perhaps unconsciously influenced many of 
 his actions. “In the present contest I am fully and 
 entirely the aggressor, as well in the spirit as the letter of 
 the word ; should I therefore lose my life in a contest of 
 my own seeking, I most solemnly forbid any of my friends, 
 or relations, let them be of whatever description, from in- 
 stituting any vexatious proceeding against my antagonist ; 
 and should, notwithstanding the above declaration on my 
 part, the law of the land be put in force against him, I 
 desire that this part of my will may be made known to the 
 King, in order that his royal heart may be moved to ex- 
 tend his mercy towards him.” 
 
 “ I wish my body to be removed as soon as may be con- 
 venient to a country far distant, to a spot not near the 
 haunts of men, but where the surrounding scenery may 
 smile upon my remains. It is situated on the banks of 
 St. Lampierre, in the Canton of Berne, and three trees 
 stand on the particular spot. The centre tree to be taken 
 up, and my body being there deposited, immediately re- 
 placed.” He leaves .£1000. to the proprietors of the spot 
 described. He desires his relations will not go into 
 mourning for him. 
 
 155 . 
 
 PROMISED HORRORS OF THE FRENCH IN- 
 VASION; OR, FORCIBLE REASONS FOR 
 NEGOCIAT1NG A REGICIDE PEACE. 
 
 October 20th, 1796. 
 
 THE PRINCE AND HIS BROTHERS. JENKINSON AND CANNING. 
 FOX. M. A. TAYLOR. PITT. THELWALL. LORD 
 
 GRENVILLE. DUKE OF BEDFORD (Bull). BURKE. ERSKINE. 
 DUKE OF GRAFTON. MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE. DUKE OF 
 NORFOLK. LORD DERBY. DUKE OF RICHMOND’S HEAD. 
 LORD LAUDERDALE. LORD STANHOPE. CARLISLE. PEPPER 
 ARDEN. HEAD OF WINDHAM. SHERIDAN. HEAD OF 
 DUNDAS. 
 
 The threats of a French invasion became serious in the 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 85 
 
 year 1796, and caused much alarm throughout the coun- 
 try. In this animated picture, the horrors of the French 
 Revolution are parodied on a rather extensive scale. The 
 Whigs are taking full revenge on their Tory rivals. Fox 
 is scourging Pitt. The Bedfordshire ox (the Duke of Bed- 
 ford), urged on by the Radical Th el wall, is tossing Burke ; 
 while Lord Stanhope, behind him, is balancing the head 
 of Lord Grenville against his more bulky part. At 
 Brookes’s, the Whig club-house, there is rejoicing — Derby, 
 Norfolk, and Grafton, are exulting at the scene before 
 them ; Lansdowne, in command of the guillotine, holds 
 forth in triumph the Chancellor’s wig, while Erskine 
 exhibits on a platter the heads of Lord Sydney, Wind- 
 ham, and Pepper Arden. Sheridan, below, is taking shelter 
 in the grand nest of Whiggery, with what he has plundered 
 from the treasury. The scene at Whitens, on the other side, 
 is of a different character. The Revolutionists have forced 
 their way in ; they are tossing the murdered Princes from 
 the balcony ; the E. O. table and the cards are broken 
 and scattered ; Jenkinson (afterwards Lord Hawkesbury) 
 and Canning are suspended to the lamp ; and we see the 
 head of Richmond floating down the gutter of blood. 
 Little M. A. Taylor struts between the legs of Fox, as a 
 bantam cock, on the fatal axe. Other allusions explain 
 themselves. In the distance is seen St. James’s Palace in 
 flames. 
 
 156. 
 
 GLORIOUS RECEPTION OF THE AMBASSA- 
 DOR OF PEACE, ON HIS ENTRY INTO 
 
 PARIS. October 28tk , 1796. 
 
 LORD MALMESBURY. 
 
 In the autumn of 1796, a general wish for peace pre- 
 vailed throughout the country. The arms of France were 
 triumphant in Italy and Germany, and the whole conti- 
 nent of Europe was awed by the successful progress of 
 her generals. In England, the commercial interest had 
 
86 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 suffered by the depression of trade, and the other classes 
 of society felt the unusual weight of the increased taxation. 
 To appease the spreading dissatisfaction, Mr. Pitt deter- 
 mined to open a negotiation for peace with the Republic of 
 France, by which, either a satisfactory peace might be 
 obtained, or the nation reconciled to the continuance of 
 the war. The Portland party in the Cabinet was adverse 
 to any overtures being made, and predicted a failure from 
 the arrogance of the enemy, inflamed by their recent suc- 
 cesses. Mr. Burke enforced these views by his “ Letters 
 on a Regicide Peace,” a work exhibiting all the mighty 
 powers of his splendid genius, combining every topic which 
 argument, wit, eloquence, and rhetorical skill, could 
 suggest to shame his countrymen out of the unworthy 
 fears occasioned by the reverses of the war, and to stimu- 
 late them to new exertions. He did not disguise, nor 
 gloss over the difficulties of the crisis, nor the disasters of 
 our allies. He freely admitted the calamitous events 
 which had followed one upon another in a long, unbroken, 
 funereal train. He saw in these, however, only additional 
 motives to more vigorous exertions. Austria was defeated, 
 but not dispirited, and was prepared to renew the contest 
 with increased energy, and the determination of a people 
 fighting for their independence. Mr. Pitt’s resolution to 
 negotiate was unshaken, and Lord Malmesbury was sent 
 as ambassador to Paris. He arrived at Calais on the 21st 
 of October, and was courteously received by the consti- 
 tuted authorities. As he passed through the towns and 
 villages, the inhabitants generally expressed hopes that his 
 mission would terminate successfully, and such seemed to 
 be the general sentiments. “ At Evreux (a post on the 
 English side of St. Denis), a deputation from the Poissardes, 
 and another from the Musique et Tambours du Directoire y 
 as they styled themselves. They opened the carriage 
 doors ; the Poissardes made a speech in their way, and 
 gave me nosegays, ‘ en attendant des Lauriers/ as they 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 87 
 
 said, and ended by embracing me and my companion.* 
 The musicians were equally violent, but both ended by 
 asking for money .” — Lord Malmesbury’s Diary , vol. iii. 
 
 p. 268 . 
 
 “ At Ecouen,t a deputation from the Poissardes of Paris, 
 and another from the National Music (to use their own 
 method of styling themselves) met me. They presented 
 me with nosegays, and insisted on embracing me and my 
 companions. They, and the musical deputation, vied with 
 each/ other in their wishes for my success ; but as they both 
 ended by asking for money, their sincerity may justly be 
 questioned.” — Diary , vol. iii. p. 2/1. 
 
 Lord Malmesbury reached Paris, October 22. The next 
 day he writes to Lord Grenville: — “ My coming into 
 Paris was attended with nothing remarkable. I was suf- 
 fered to drive very quietly through the streets to my hotel, 
 and have been allowed to remain in it very quietly since 
 my arrival.” Delacroix, Minister for Foreign Affairs, was 
 the person appointed by the Directory to conduct the 
 negotiation with the English ambassador. The reader of 
 the present day will be amused, and perhaps surprised, by 
 the subjoined extracts from Lord Malmesbury^s first de- 
 spatches to Lord Grenville. He really seems to have 
 thought that the Republican minister must necessarily be 
 a man of ferocious manners, unacquainted with the usages 
 of polished society, or diplomatic etiquette ; for he thinks 
 it necessary to introduce into his public despatches the 
 following paragraph: — went to M. Delacroix at the 
 appointed hour. He received me as I have always been 
 received before under the same circumstances, and gave 
 me the upper place in the room .” — Lord Malmesbury’s 
 Diary , vol. iii. p. 2 72. 
 
 Again: — “I went to him dressed in His Majesty’s 
 uniform. He appeared to have taken as much pains to 
 
 * George Ellis, Esq. 
 
 t A small town, twelve miles distant from Paris. 
 
88 
 
 GILLRAY^S CARICATURES. 
 
 be well dressed, as a man at his time of life, and in the 
 present fashion of his country, could do.” — “ There 
 cannot, however, be a doubt, that he was ordered to re- 
 ceive me in the manner he did, which was unexcep- 
 tionable.” — Vol. iii. p. 2?4. It is only necessary to add, 
 that the negotiation dragged on for about two months, when 
 Delacroix peremptorily insisted on Lord Malmesbury deli- 
 vering in his ultimatum. Lord Malmesbury requested 
 first to communicate with his own Government. M. 
 Delacroix, thereupon, sent his passport, with orders to 
 quit Paris within forty-eight hours, as he seemed only a 
 passive agent, and not furnished with sufficient powers to 
 bring the treaty to a termination. 
 
 157. 
 
 OPENING OF THE BUDGET; OR, JOHN BULL 
 GIVING HIS BREECHES TO SAVE HIS 
 BACON. November I'Jth, 1796. 
 
 FOX. JOHN BULL. PITT. BURKE. LORD GRENVILLE. 
 
 DUNDAS. 
 
 On the heavy taxation of the year 1796, and the demand 
 for voluntary contributions, w r hich were forced from poor 
 John Bull by the continued alarm of a French invasion. 
 Dundas, Grenville, and Burke, are busy helping themselves, 
 while Fox, excluded from his share in the regular way, is 
 calling in the assistance of his friends, the Sans- culottes of 
 France, who were supposed to be preparing their invasion 
 at Brest. 
 
 158. 
 
 BEGGING NO ROBBERY; i. e. VOLUNTARY 
 CONTRIBUTION; OR, JOHN BULL ESCAPING 
 A FORCED LOAN. December 10 th, 1796. 
 
 JOHN BULL. PITT. BURKE. LORD GRENVILLE. DUNDAS. 
 
 Another caricature on the voluntary loan, and other 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 89 
 
 methods of raising the revenue. It is a parody on a well- 
 known scene in Gil Bias. The trio of banditti, Dundas, 
 Grenville, and Burke, who were the great supporters of the 
 cry of alarm which terrified John Bull into parting quietly 
 with his money, are bravely supporting their chief. 
 
 As this is the last time the name of Burke occurs in the 
 series of Gillray’s Prints, we are persuaded our readers 
 will be gratified by the insertion of the following extract 
 of a private letter from Canning to his friend George 
 Ellis, dated 13th July, 1^9?, announcing the death of 
 Burke. “ Burke is dead. It is of a piece with the 
 peddling sense of these days that it should be determined 
 to be imprudent for the House of Commons to vote him a 
 monument. He is the man that will mark this 
 age, marked as it is in itself by events to all times.” 
 Fox in the debate on the Quebec Bill on May 6, 1791, 
 having lamented in the most affecting terms his difference 
 with Burke, “his Master, for so he was proud to call 
 him,” thus speaks of the advantages he had derived from 
 his association with this wonderful man : “ That all he 
 ever knew of men, that all he ever read in books, that all 
 his reasoning faculties informed him of, or his fancy 
 suggested to him, did not give him that exalted know- 
 ledge, that superior information, which he derived from 
 the instructions, and learned from the conversation of his 
 Bight Hon. Friend. To him he owed all his fame, if 
 fame he had any.” 
 
 159. 
 
 END OF THE IRISH INVASION; OR, THE 
 DESTRUCTION OF THE FRENCH ARMADA. 
 
 January 20th, 1797- 
 
 PITT. DUNDAS. GRENVILLE. WINDHAM. FOX. SHERIDAN. 
 
 DR. LAWRENCE. ERSKINE. HALL. M. A. TAYLOR. TIIELWALL. 
 
 On the French expedition to Ban try Bay, at the end of 
 1796. Pitt, Dundas, Grenville, and Windham are the 
 
90 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 four winds which blow up the storm to destroy the in- 
 vaders. Fox, as the carved figure at the head of the Revo- 
 lution, is represented as influencing the United Irishmen. 
 The crew of the jolly-boat are Sheridan, Liberty Hall, 
 Erskine, M. A. Taylor, and Thelwall, who, it is insinuated, 
 were all approvers, at least, of the Irish rebellion. 
 
 160 . 
 
 THE GIANT FACTOTUM AMUSING HIMSELF. 
 
 January 21st , 1797* 
 
 PITT. CANNING. WILBERFORCE. DUNDAS. ERSKINE. 
 
 SHERIDAN. FOX. WINDHAM. M. A. TAYLOR. 
 
 Pitt is seated with his legs astride the top of the 
 Speaker’s Chair. The air of consequence with which he 
 sits is strongly depicted in his countenance, and through- 
 out the whole figure. With his left foot he has crushed 
 the Opposition. His right foot is supported by Dundas 
 and Wilberforce, and is extended to be submissively 
 kissed by the Ministerial followers, foremost of whom is 
 Canning, who is pointed out to special notice by cc The 
 Trial of Betty Canning” hanging out of his pocket. Pitt 
 is playing at cup and ball with his right hand. The 
 ball is a globe to denote his influence over foreign 
 countries, as well as at home. On his left side is a docu- 
 ment labelled “ Resources for supporting the War,” with 
 a collection of coin, evidently destined for foreign sub- 
 sidies. On his right side are various official returns of 
 volunteers, seamen, regulars and militia. He is thus 
 prepared to carry on the war abroad, and maintain tran- 
 quillity at home. 
 
 161 . 
 
 THE LION’S SHARE. January 2nd , 1 7^7- 
 
 Sir John Jervis is seated at a table, contemplating 
 u Hints on St. Eustatia Prize Money,” borrowed from Sir 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 91 
 
 George Rodney’s conduct in 1781, which he seems to pro- 
 pose as a model for himself. He cannot raise his eyes 
 without encountering the view of Martinique. Behind him 
 is “ St. Vincents.” The following narrative will illustrate 
 the other allusions, and elucidate a transaction warmly 
 canvassed at the period. 
 
 In the latter part of the year 1793, the English Govern- 
 ment decided upon sending an expedition to attack the 
 French West India Islands, and reduce them to submis- 
 sion. Sir John Jervis was appointed to command the 
 naval force, and Sir Charles Grey received the command 
 of the troops which accompanied it. The armament sailed 
 from St. Helen’s on the 26th of November ; Martinique 
 was the first object of attack ; a capitulation having been 
 proposed to the inhabitants, hut not acceded to, it was, 
 after some resistance, carried in a gallant style. The 
 neighbouring island of St. Lucia, about six leagues south 
 of Martinique, was next assailed and captured. The sur- 
 render of Guadaloupe followed in April, and Great Britain 
 was thus put in undisturbed possession of all the Leeward 
 colonies. These triumphs accomplished, the Commanders 
 returned to England, and received the Thanks of the 
 House of Commons on the 20th of May, 1794. 
 
 The satisfaction, however, was of short duration. The 
 West India merchants accused the Commander-in-chief 
 of having been guilty of most oppressive and tyrannical 
 conduct towards the inhabitants of the conquered islands, 
 and of having levied illegal and unheard-of contributions 
 to gratify his avarice and enrich himself, contrary to the 
 promises he had held out. At length on the second of June, 
 1795, Mr. Barham brought the subject before the House 
 of Commons by a motion for the production of the pro- 
 clamations issued at Martinique, to levy a contribution on 
 the proprietors of the estates,’’ or to use the unprecedented 
 expression of one of them, a to raise a sum of money ade- 
 quate to the value of the conquest,’’ and for this purpose 
 
92 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 requiring a specification of the property of the inhabi- 
 tants,, and if not complied with, to order and enforce a 
 general confiscation.’* Mr. Barham said, that delay might 
 be imputed to him in bringing forward his motion ; but 
 he would anticipate and answer the objection by stating 
 that application had been made to Ministers in August 
 last, but no answer obtained until April. He contended 
 that the resistance made did not justify the severity prac- 
 tised at Martinique, an island strongly fortified and 
 capable of the greatest resistance, the contest lasted twenty- 
 three days, and only eighty-four men were said to be lost. 
 Guadaloupe held out for eight days, St. Lucie three days, 
 and was said to be taken without loss. Mr. Manning, an 
 eminent West India merchant, seconded this motion, and 
 attacked Sir J. Jervis with great asperity; acquitting Sir 
 Charles Grey of any intentional infliction of oppression. 
 He arraigned the proceedings as contrary to the instruc- 
 tions given by Government, contrary to Act of Parlia- 
 ment, and contrary to the Law of Nations ! The first 
 instance of contribution had taken place at St. Lucia, a 
 sum of three hundred thousand pounds was imposed, 
 which was afterwards reduced to an hundred and fifty 
 thousand pounds, of this only thirty thousand pounds 
 had been levied, a plain proof that the original imposition 
 was felt to be exorbitant. It had been said no com- 
 plaints had been transmitted. The reason was obvious, 
 no Notary could be found to draw up a remonstrance with- 
 out the risk of being expelled from the islands. 
 
 Mr. Grey (the son of Sir C. Grey) made a powerful 
 reply. He insisted the Mover and Seconder had con- 
 founded capitulation and conquest. The former was an 
 arrangement made to avoid the necessity and sanguinary 
 consequences of the latter, and if rejected, no claim could 
 be preferred in mitigation to the conquerors. With re- 
 spect to one Commander in whose conduct he was deeply 
 interested (Sir C. Grey) and to whose character the Hon. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 93 
 
 Mover had stated there did not exist the smallest reproach, 
 and whose conduct he attributed to inadvertence or mis- 
 information, he would only say if he did not absolutely 
 reject praise from such a quarter, he considered it of no 
 value. It had been broadly stated, that every thing done 
 at St. Eustatia in the former war had been done in the 
 late expedition, and if Mr. Burke had continued a Member 
 of the House, that Gentleman would have denounced it 
 with the same indignation ; but he ought to have recol- 
 lected that Mr. Burke had subsequently declared, if he 
 could find a bald spot on the head of Lord Rodney, he 
 would cover it wfith laurel. With respect to the proclama- 
 tion, he would not deny it was carelessly worded ; as soon 
 as the Commander-in-chief found it was considered oppres- 
 sive, he had himself annulled it — it had never been acted 
 on, and it had been disavowed by the Secretary of State. 
 Mr. Secretary Dundas most ably vindicated the proceed- 
 ings of the Commanders. “ With regard to the easiness 
 of the conquest, he differed widely from those who seemed 
 to underrate the value of the services performed, and he 
 contended that the resistance which the British forces met 
 with fully justified every proceeding that had taken place.’* 
 He asked, “ Did what had taken place at St. Vincent’s 
 proceed from these proclamations, or was it not from the 
 insurrection of the Caribs, aided by Jacobin principles, 
 that devastation had followed in that island ?” He then 
 moved the previous question, which was carried by sixty- 
 seven against seventeen. Not content with this, Mr. 
 Dundas rendered the triumphs of the Commanders still 
 more complete by immediately moving, “That this House 
 retains the cordial sense, which they have already expressed 
 in their Vote of 20th May, 1794, of the distinguished 
 merit and services of Sir Charles Grey and Sir John Jervis 
 in the conquest of the French West India Islands.’* See 
 Hansard*s Debates, Yol. 32. p. 54 to 74. Captain Bren- 
 ton’s Life of Earl St. Vincent, and Gifford*s Life of Pitt. 
 
94 
 
 cillray’s caricatures. 
 
 This repetition of a Vote of Thanks was indeed a triumph, 
 there was no precedent for it in the annals of Parliament, 
 and none has ever since occurred. 
 
 The Corporation of London voted the Freedom of the 
 City to these eminent Commanders, which was presented 
 to them by the Chamberlain (Wilkes), who addressed them 
 in an elegant speech, concluding with these words, “ Per- 
 mit, Gentlemen, the City wreaths to be mixed with the 
 laurels you have fairly won, and which a general applause 
 must more and more endear to you. These sentiments of 
 gratitude pervade the country in which we live, while they 
 animate the metropolis of our empire. They give a full 
 indemnity against the slanderous breath of envy, and the 
 foul calumnies of the envenomed serpent-tongue of 
 malice, which in these latter times has scarcely ceased to 
 detract from and endeavour to wound superior merit/ 5 
 See Charnock’s Biographia Navalis, vol. 6. p. 412. 
 
 162. 
 
 THE TREE OF LIBERTY MUST BE PLANTED 
 
 IMMEDIATELY. February 17 th, 1797- 
 
 FOX. THELWALL. LAUDERDALE. ERSKINE. WILKES. 
 
 LORD DERBY. HORNE TOOKE. M. A. TAYLOR. COL. HANGER. 
 
 LORD STANHOPE. SHERIDAN. 
 
 The heads of the Opposition cut off, as the only mea- 
 sure, according to the violent Tories, which would insure 
 the salvation of the country, 
 
 163. 
 
 THE REPUBLICAN HERCULES DEFENDING 
 
 HIS COUNTRY. February 19th, 1797. 
 
 FOX. 
 
 Upon the declaration of Fox, in his speeches at this 
 time of threatened invasion, that, so far was he from wish- 
 ing well to the enemies of his country, he would be one of 
 the first to take up arms in its defence. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 95 
 
 164 . 
 
 THE NUPTIAL BOWER. February 13 th, 1797- 
 
 PITT. HON. CATHARINE ISABELLA EDEN. 
 
 FOX, THE EYIL ONE, PEEPING AT THE CHARMS OF EDEN. 
 
 Whoever is acquainted with the personal character of 
 Mr. Pitt, only from the narrative of his biographers, will 
 conclude that he was cold, stiff, and unbending ; “Indocilis 
 privata loqui,” incapable of descending from his dignity, 
 and unwilling to indulge in the relaxation of familiar con- 
 versation, and the pleasures of domestic life. He is here 
 represented in a more amiable point of view, a successful 
 suitor for the hand of a fair lady and conducting her to ee the 
 nuptial bower/” tC The tattle of the town (says Burke in 
 a letter to Mrs. Crewe, dated Dec. 27, 1796), is of a mar- 
 riage between a daughter of Lord Auckland and Mr. Pitt, 
 and that our statesman, our premier des hommes, will take 
 his Eve from the Garden of Eden. It is lucky there is no 
 serpent there, though plenty of fruit.” (See Burke’s Cor- 
 respondence as published by Earl Fitzwilliam, vol.4. p. 41 7-) 
 This rumour obtained belief not only among the public, 
 but by his most intimate friends and relatives. Even his 
 favorite niece, Lady Hester Stanhope, who resided entirely 
 with him, was fully impressed with a conviction of the 
 truth of the report. She naturally wished to obtain a 
 sight of her uncle’s intended bride, but the lady will tell 
 her own story more gracefully than we could hope to do. 
 “ Mr. Pitt loved ardently Lord A(uckland)’s daughter. 
 She was the only woman I could have wished him to 
 marry. I had never seen her, and as she frequented 
 Beckenham Church, I went on a visit to Mr. Grote’s 
 the banker to get a sight of her. I went to church with 
 Mr. Long’s brother ; as soon as we appeared in the pew, 
 she knew who I was, and her whole body became of one 
 deep red ; a paleness followed, she dropped her head, put 
 
 H 
 
96 
 
 GILLRAY’s CARICATURES. 
 
 her hand to her face, and bent over her book as if praying. 
 When the service was over, I considered that the meeting 
 with her was not a scene fit for the church-porch, but I 
 was resolved to have a close look at her ; as we approached 
 her, she pretended to be talking in an animated manner 
 with some of her party, but her attention was evidently 
 turned towards me. When we saluted I saw she was 
 beautiful — very beautiful” (Lady H. Stanhope’s Memoirs, 
 vol. 1. p. 177.) “Next day rat-tat- tat came a carriage and 
 four to Mr. Grote’s door, f My dear Mr. Grote, we have 
 been long neighbours, but I don’t know how it is we have 
 not seen so much of each other as we ought to have done.’ 
 This was Lord A. and the mother. The young lady was 
 more collected by this time, and the conversation went on 
 very well.” “ Poor Mr. Pitt almost broke his heart when 
 he gave her up. But he considered that she was not a 
 woman to be left at will when business might require it ; 
 and he sacrificed his own feelings to his sense of public 
 duty.’’ “ There are also other reasons, Mr. Pitt would 
 say, there is her mother, such a chatterer, and the family 
 intrigues. I can’t keep them out of my house, and for 
 my King’s and country’s sake, I must remain a single 
 man.’’ — p. 178-9. “Yet Mr. Pitt was a man just made 
 for domestic life. But he used to say, he considered no 
 man ought to marry, who could not give a proper share of 
 his time to his wife, for how would it be if he was always 
 at the House, or in business, and she always at the opera, 
 or whirling about in her carriage.’’ — p. 180. 
 
 We will now relate, on the authority of Mr. Wilberforce, 
 a most extraordinary proposal of marriage made to Mr. 
 Pitt in 1783. Premising that Mr. Wilberforce was the 
 most intimate friend and associate of Mr. Pitt in the early 
 part of his political career ; and during his first Chancellor- 
 ship of the Exchequer, he frequently used to go to Mr. 
 Wilbeforce’s house at Wimbledon, and stop from Saturday 
 to Monday, even tho’ the master of the house was kept 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 97 
 
 in town ; indeed, one time Mr. Pitt resided for four months 
 in Mr. Wilberforce’s house. On the dissolution of the 
 Shelburne Administration he resolved to visit France in 
 company with Mr. Wilberforce, and his brother-in-law, 
 Mr. Eliot. The three friends embarked at Dover for 
 Calais. The French Court was then residing at Fontaine- 
 bleau. Mr. Pitt’s fame had preceded him, and Marie 
 Antoinette received him with distinguished attention, and 
 “ expressed her satisfaction at having seen him.” At 
 Paris whither they removed upon the 9th of September, 
 it was hinted to him, through the intervention of Horace 
 Walpole, that he would be an acceptable suitor for the 
 daughter of the celebrated Necker, afterwards the cele- 
 brated Madame de St’ael. Necker is said to have offered 
 to endow her with a fortune of £14,000 per annum, 
 but Mr. Pitt replied, “ I am already married to my 
 country.” — (Wilberforce’s Life, vol. 1. p. 39,40.) We 
 have stated that Mr. Pitt’s biographers have not done 
 justice to his conversational talents, with which he could 
 enliven and delight a private circle. We will adduce a 
 most interesting instance occurring where most of our 
 readers would least expect to find him, — in Falstaff’s 
 Tavern, capping verses from Shakspeare. Pitt when free 
 from shyness, and amongst his intimate companions, was 
 the very soul of merriment and conversation. He was the 
 wittiest man I ever knew, and what was quite peculiar to 
 himself had at all times his wit under entire control. Others 
 appeared struck by the unwonted association of brilliant 
 images ; but every possible combination of ideas seemed 
 always present to his mind, and he could at once produce 
 whatever he desired. I was one of those who met to spend 
 an evening in memory of Shakspeare, at the Boar’s Head, 
 Eastcheap. Many professed wits were present, but Pitt 
 was the most amusing of the party, and the readiest and 
 most apt in the required allusions.” — (Wilberforce’s Life, 
 vol. 1. p. 18.) 
 
 h 2 
 
98 
 
 GILLRaY’s caricatures. 
 
 After the death of Mr. Pitt, in 1806, the Hon. Catharine 
 Isabella Eden married the Right Hon. Nicolas Yansittart, 
 (the present Lord Bexley), and died in 1810. 
 
 165. 
 
 BANK NOTES — PAPER MONEY — FRENCH 
 ALARMISTS; OR, THE DEVIL, THE DEVIL! 
 AH! POOR JOHN BULL!!! March 1^, 1797. 
 
 PITT. SHERIDAN. JOHN BULL. FOX. STANHOPE. 
 
 On the issue of paper money, to save the Bank from the 
 consequences of PitPs financial measures. The Whigs, 
 Fox, Sheridan, Stanhope, &c. who opposed the paper 
 money system with all their might, are here endeavouring 
 to persuade John Bull to refuse the notes. The gold is 
 safely locked up under the counter. 
 
 166. 
 
 THE TABLES TURNED. BILLY IN THE 
 DEVIL’S CLAWS. BILLY SENDING THE 
 DEVIL PACKING. March 4th , 1797. 
 
 FOX. PITT. PITT. FOX. 
 
 On the landing of the French force in Pembrokeshire 
 (which was immediately captured), and Admiral Jervises 
 victory over the Spanish fleet off Cape St, Vincent, on the 
 1 4th of February, 1797- The Admiral was afterwards 
 created Earl St. Vincent The Whigs were supposed to 
 exult over the appearance of the French in Wales, as a 
 proof of the want of foresight in the Ministers (no prepa- 
 ration having been made to withstand the invasion) ; and 
 to have been equally disappointed at the signal victory 
 which added laurels to the Government. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 99 
 
 167. 
 
 POLITICAL RAVISHMENT; OR, THE OLD LADY 
 OF THREADNEEDLE STREET IN DANGER. 
 
 May 22nd, 1797- 
 
 PITT. 
 
 On the stoppage of payments in specie by the Bank of 
 England, and Pitt’s measure for the issue of paper money. 
 The Bank had been obliged to make loans to the Govern- 
 ment on so large a scale, that its resources in specie at this 
 time were entirely exhausted, and the heavy run upon the 
 banks in consequence of the threats of an invasion held 
 out by France, had absolutely reduced the Bank of Eng- 
 land to the necessity of stopping payment. The obligation 
 to take paper money was looked upon as an act of violence 
 upon the Bank, as well as upon the public, and it was said 
 that the object was less to serve the Bank, than to force 
 the people of England to take paper for money, w r hile the 
 money itself was sent to the Continent to support a war 
 which was not beneficial to us. The box on which the 
 lady is seated is supposed to contain the money of the 
 Bank so safely locked up that it is not to be touched. 
 
 168 . 
 
 MIDAS TRANSMUTING ALL INTO PAPER. 
 
 March 9th , 1797. 
 
 FOX. M. A. TAYLOR. GREY. SHERIDAN. ERSKINE. 
 
 PITT. GRENVILLE, DUNDAS. 
 
 On the same subject ; a parody upon a classic story. 
 The political Midas is turning gold into paper, and the 
 reeds of opposition are supposed to be moved into letting 
 out his secret, by the effect of the wind from Brest har- 
 bour, which sends over an army of French Jacobites, armed 
 with daggers. 
 
100 
 
 GILLRAY’s CARICATURES. 
 
 169. 
 
 LE BONNET ROUGE; OR, JOHN BULL EVAD- 
 ING THE HAT TAX April 5th, 1797 . 
 
 The hat tax was one of the new ways of increasing the 
 revenue discovered this year. It is said to have led to an 
 immense addition to the trade in caps, as a method of 
 evading the direct tax. John Bull himself is here trying 
 the experiment, but has chosen an objectionable colour 
 (red). It is intimated that the excessive and increasing 
 taxation under Pitt’s government, was making John Bull 
 less and less hostile to the terrible bonnet rouge. 
 
 170. 
 
 THE BRIDAL NIGHT. MaylSth , 1797. 
 
 lord Salisbury (Lord Chamberlain). geo. jii. queen, pitt. 
 
 PRINCE OF WIRTEMBERG. PRINCESS ROYAL. PRINCESSES. 
 
 PRINCE OF WALES — DUKES OF YORK, CLARENCE, AND 
 
 GLOUCESTER — PRINCE WILLIAM OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 On the marriage of the Prince of Wirtemberg (who was 
 remarkable for his obesity) with the Princess Royal of 
 England, on the 19th of May, 1797* It is a broad and 
 very clever caricature on the most distinguished personages 
 of the English Court at this time. Pitt, as usual, pro- 
 duces the money necessary for the completion of this grand 
 alliance. The Prince of Wirtemberg, who was described by 
 some of the wits of the age as a great Z>e%gerent, and 
 therefore a very warlike prince, is covered with a profusion 
 of Orders. The allusion in the picture of the elephant, 
 surmounted by Cupid, can hardly be misunderstood. 
 
 17L 
 
 LE BAISER A LA WIRTEMBOURG. 
 
 April \5th , 1797* 
 
 THE PRINCESS ROYAL. PRINCE OF WIRTEMBERG. 
 
 Another satire on the royal couple, the wit of which is 
 sufficiently evident. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 101 
 
 172. 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY REFORM; OR, OPPOSITION 
 RATS LEAVING THE HOUSE THEY HAD 
 UNDERMINED. May 28th , 1797- 
 
 WILBERFORCE. DUNDAS. PITT. GREY. ERSKINE. 
 
 FOX. SHERIDAN. M. A. TAYLOR. 
 
 On the 26th of May, 1797, Mr. Grey rose to renew the 
 oft-discussed motion for Parliamentary Reform, and was 
 seconded by Erskine. Pitt, who began political life as a 
 violent advocate of reform, opposed the motion. Fox 
 made a splendid speech in favour of the motion, and 
 Sheridan also exerted himself on the same side. Never- 
 theless, the Ministers had, as usual, an overwhelming 
 majority. The Opposition, who were charged with a design 
 to overthrow the House of Commons by their motion, and 
 with it the Constitution of the country, and who had been 
 so signally defeated, are represented as taking to their 
 heels after they had done all the mischief in their power. 
 The Opposition had seceded from the sittings of Parlia- 
 ment after their defeat, as a means of shewing their dis- 
 gust at the corruption by which the Government was sup- 
 ported. 
 
 173. 
 
 THE LOYAL TOAST. February 3rd, 1798. 
 
 NICHOLS. DUKE OF BEDFORD. SHERIDAN. FOX. 
 
 DUKE OF NORFOLK. 
 
 On the 24th of January, 1798, a dinner took place at 
 the Crown and Anchor Tavern, to celebrate the birth-day 
 of Mr. Fox. The company assembled was unusually 
 numerous. The Whigs and friends of freedom in general 
 resolved to make a grand demonstration to shew that their 
 confidence in the principles and conduct of Mr. Fox was 
 unshaken by the secession of the Portland party from 
 their ranks, by the smallness of the minority in Parlia- 
 
102 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 ment, or any other adverse political circumstance. The 
 continued suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act, and 
 various coercive measures restricting the liberty of the 
 subject and the press, seemed to them to demand a signal 
 display of their admiration of the great champion of the 
 rights of the people, and the principles of the Constitution 
 as established at the Revolution of 1688. The Duke of 
 Norfolk presided on the occasion. As soon as the cloth 
 was removed, the Duke of Norfolk rose and said, We 
 are met in a moment of most serious difficulty to celebrate 
 the birth of a man dear to the friends of freedom. I shall 
 only recall to your memory that not twenty years ago, the 
 illustrious George Washington had not more than two 
 thousand men to rally round him, when his country was 
 attacked. America is now free. "This day full 2000 men 
 are assembled in this place. I leave the application to 
 you. I propose to you the health of 
 
 u Charles James Fox/’ 
 
 In the course of the evening the Duke^s health was 
 drank with great enthusiasm. He returned thanks, and 
 concluded his speech with these words, Give me leave to 
 call on you to drink, Our Sovereign’s health, 
 
 tv The Majesty of the People.” 
 
 In a day or two reports reached the Duke of Norfolk 
 from various quarters that his conduct had excited the 
 utmost indignation at St. James’s, and that he would 
 probably be deprived of his Lord-Lieutenancy of the West 
 Riding of Yorkshire, and his Colonelcy in the Militia. 
 He accordingly waited on the Duke of York, and assured 
 him that he had been misrepresented, or misunderstood ; 
 that he had only endeavoured to inculcate an admiration 
 of those principles, which had seated his Majesty^s family 
 on the throne ; but as it was generally believed that the 
 enemy meditated an invasion of the kingdom, he requested 
 his regiment might be assigned the post of the greatest 
 danger, to give him an opportunity of proving his loyalty 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 103 
 
 and attachment to the throne. The Duke of York listened 
 with great courtesy, and assured him his request should 
 be immediately laid before the King; then abruptly 
 breaking off the conversation, most annoyingly asked him, 
 41 if he had seen Blue Beard,” a dramatic romance just 
 brought out with great splendour at Drury Lane. The 
 Duke of Norfolk of course perceived that no interference 
 was to be expected from this quarter, and immediately 
 retired. A few days after, he received a letter from the 
 Duke of Portland, Secretary of State for the Home Depart- 
 ment, informing him that the King 44 had no further occa- 
 sion for his services,” and on the 6th of February Earl 
 Fitz william was gazetted as Lord-Lieutenant of the West 
 Riding of York, 44 vice the Duke of Norfolk, resigned .” 
 The Ministerial writers and their partisans highly extolled 
 the dismissal of the Duke of Norfolk, and represented the 
 toast of 44 the Majesty of the People,” as highly seditious, 
 and emanating in the principles of the French Revolution. 
 We are surprised to find this latter assertion repeated by 
 writers of historical memoirs of the times. We shall pro- 
 ceed to give irrefragable proof that the toast was not un- 
 precedented, that it did not originate with the Duke of 
 Norfolk, and that it had been drank during the adminis- 
 tration of the Marquis of Rockingham, many years anterior 
 to the Revolution in France. In the General Advertiser, 
 of the 13th of April, 1782, then edited by the late Mr. 
 Perry (afterwards the eminent proprietor of the Morning 
 Chronicle), we find an account of a dinner of the electors 
 of Westminster held the preceding day at the Shakspeare 
 Tavern, Earl Fitzwilliam in the chair. The first toast 
 given by his Lordship was, 44 The Majesty of the People.” 
 It was drank by the Earl of Effingham, the Earl of Surrey 
 (afterwards Duke of Norfolk, and the subject of the present 
 remarks), Mr. Secretary Fox, Burke, Windham, Dean 
 Jebb, J. Churchill, Brand Hollis, Dr. Brocklesby, &c. &c„ 
 Thus the identical toast was proposed and drank by Earl 
 
104 
 
 GILLRAY^S CARICATURES. 
 
 Fitzwilliam, to whom the Lord-Lieutenancy now taken 
 from the Duke of Norfolk was given. It is not a little 
 remarkable that Earl Fitz william himself was dismissed 
 by his new Tory Allies in 1819, from the same Lord- 
 Lieutenancy of the West Riding of York, for presiding at 
 a county meeting in Yorkshire, at which resolutions were 
 passed condemning the measures of Ministers respecting 
 the Manchester meeting called by Hunt. 
 
 On the 6th of February, the next monthly meeting of 
 the Whig Club was held at the London Tavern. The 
 Duke of Norfolk presided. He gave as a toast, “ The 
 Man who dares be honest in the worst of times — 
 
 “ Charles James Fox.” 
 
 Mr. Fox returned thanks, and then toasted 
 
 <c The Sovereignty of the People.” 
 
 He subsequently proposed the health of the Duke of 
 Norfolk in a most powerful speech. He adverted to the 
 dismissal of the Duke. No reason had been officially- 
 assigned; it was, however, generally understood that it 
 had arisen from the eulogium pronounced on General 
 Washington. Was it to be wondered at, that the noble 
 Duke, who had uniformly opposed the American war, 
 should have done so? What Englishman, what man of 
 any country, whose heart was animated with a love of 
 freedom, did not venerate the name of that illustrious 
 patriot ? It seems also “ a toast has given offence — the 
 Majesty of the People. I do not know upon what times 
 we are fallen, but the sovereignty of the people of Great 
 Britain is surely a thing not new to the language, to the 
 feelings, nor the hearts of Englishmen. It is the basis of 
 the whole system of our Government. It is an opinion, 
 which if it be not true, King William was an usurper. 
 By what right did the glorious and immortal King William 
 the Third, whose portrait is placed on our chair, come to 
 the throne of these realms, if not by that of the sovereignty 
 of the people ? . . . The King holds his title by an 
 
POLITICAL SERI ES- 
 
 105 
 
 Act of Parliament. Who called that Parliament ? King 
 William the Third. By what right did he obtain it ? 
 By a Convention representing the sovereignty of the 
 people. The Convention of Representatives in fact did 
 the thing. It is whimsical enough to deprive the noble 
 Duke of his appointments for an offence, which if he had 
 not committed during the reigns of George I. and George 
 II. would have subjected him to the charge of being a 
 Jacobite, and an adherent of the exiled family. . . Of 
 
 the persons of his Majesty’s Ministers I will not say a 
 word. There are several of them to whom I may fairly 
 say this sentiment is not new. One member of the 
 Cabinet (the Duke of Portland) is still a member of this 
 Club ; another (Mr. Windham) was a member, and a third 
 (Earl Spencer) long gloried in holding the same tenets. 
 How often with the two first have we drank the sentiment 
 in this room ! What did they mean when they drank the 
 Sovereignty of the People ? What, but that they recognized 
 by this approved and customary method a truth which 
 belongs to all people in reality, but is the avowed basis of 
 the Government of England, that the people of every 
 country are its legitimate Sovereign, and that all authority 
 is delegated from and for them ? I should be ashamed on 
 account of my old respect for those persons, if they did 
 not honestly avow this to be their sense of the sentiment .” 
 
 174 . 
 
 THE FRIEND OF HUMANITY AND KNIFE- 
 GRINDER.— Scene, BOROUGH. Dec. 4 th } IJ97. 
 
 TIEENEY. 
 
 After the secession of Fox, Sheridan, and the leading 
 Whigs, the Opposition Benches presented a dreary and 
 barren waste. A feeble resistance to the Ministerial mea- 
 sures was indeed maintained by Nicholls and a few others, 
 but the Genius Loci had departed. 
 
106 
 
 GILLRAY^S CARICATURES. 
 
 “ No streams as amber smooth, as amber clear, 
 
 Were seen to flow, or heard to warble here 
 
 when a New Luminary ascended the political horizon. 
 The electors of Southwark returned Tierney as their 
 representative to Parliament. He was known to have 
 drawn up the celebrated petition of the Society of the 
 Friends of the People for a reform in the House of Com- 
 mons, in which the defects of the representation were 
 exposed with consummate skill. He now evinced a 
 compass of information, and practical knowledge of business 
 and its details, which won and secured the attention of the 
 House. His manner was peculiarly calculated to make an 
 impression on a popular audience. He appeared always 
 to treat a subject with the greatest candour, and his 
 elocution was remarkably fluent and easy,* partaking 
 rather of the style of superior conversation, than of a formal 
 harangue. The most withering sneer, or the most cutting 
 sarcasm, seemed to fall from him without effort, and as if 
 he were unconscious of the wound he had inflicted on his 
 opponent. Finance was his favourite battle-field, but he 
 could discuss every topic of foreign and domestic policy 
 with the ability of an enlightened statesman. His mode 
 of taking to pieces the arguments of the persons to whom 
 he replied, and reconstructing them in his own way, sur- 
 prised his hearers, who wondered they themselves had 
 
 * We have stated above that Tierney always spoke with ease and fluency, 
 we only recollect his having faltered once in a very perceptible manner. This 
 we shall record from the pleasantness of the remark it drew from Dudley North 
 when Tierney had joined the Addington administration, and accepted the 
 Treasurership of the Navy, he made an able reply to Pitt’s motion for an inquiry 
 into the state of the Navy. After sneering at the Rt. Hon. shipwright, he 
 alluded to the difficulties the Pittites and Foxites must have felt in passing over 
 to join each other, and illustrated it by the puzzle of the Fox, the Goose and 
 the bag of corn, when he suddenly faltered and hesitated for some time in eluci- 
 dating the similitude : “ Oh !” said Dudley North, “he has just recollected 
 he is describing himself, he has left the Fox, gone over to the Goose, and 
 pocketed the bag of corn.” 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 107 
 
 failed to perceive the absurdity of them during the delivery 
 of the preceding speech. The attention of the House never 
 flagged, for he never wearied it by prolix digressions. His 
 private character was invulnerable, which gave additional 
 influence and weight to his arguments. No ribaldry 
 ever sullied his speeches, and his political adversaries, 
 Canning and the wits of the Anti-Jacobin, paid homage to 
 the correctness and propriety of his conduct (see the Anti- 
 Jacobin, vol. i. pp. 415-16). Such was the man, who, for 
 the remainder of his life, was destined to take a leading 
 part in the councils of his country. 
 
 The print of “ The Friend of Humanity and the 
 Knife-grinder was intended as a graphic illustration 
 of Canning’s parody of Southey’s Poem entitled “The 
 Widow,” and written in English Sapphics, in imitation of 
 the original. See Southey’s Poetical Works, vol. ii. p. 141. 
 
 Southey was the son of a respectable tradesman at 
 Bristol. He was educated at Westminster School, and 
 went from thence to Balliol College, Oxford, “ destined for 
 the Church.” At both places he prosecuted his studies 
 with zeal and laudable perseverance, and might be reckoned 
 among the “ multa etpraeclara minantes.” Unfortunately 
 Coleridge, then a student at Cambridge, visited Oxford, 
 and formed an intimacy with Southey, which soon ripened 
 into friendship, Coleridge found Southey a republican, and 
 made him a Unitarian. He was too honest to entertain 
 any further thoughts of taking orders in the Church. He 
 went to his mother at Bristol. His evil genius Coleridge 
 visited him there, and opened to him a plan for emigrating 
 to North America, and establishing a Socialist colony on 
 the banks of the Susquehannah. The youthful Southey 
 (for he was only in his twentieth year) embraced his 
 proposal with ardour. The two friends enlisted Lovell, 
 a clever young Quaker, and G. Bennett, a fellow collegian 
 of Southey at Oxford. From this new republic all the de- 
 teriorating passions were to be excluded, “injustice, anger, 
 
108 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 wrath, clamour, and evil speaking,’ 5 and they were to set an 
 example of human perfectibility. (See Cottle’s Recollec- 
 tions of Coleridge.) Twelve was the number originally 
 proposed to found the colony. Females were indispensable 
 to the colonists. Every associate was therefore to be a 
 married man, or to marry previous to their departure. 
 They seemed to have lost sight of their favourite simplicity 
 when they dignified their new scheme of government with 
 the magniloquent title of Pantisocracy. The preceding 
 particulars of the Socialist scheme, have been collected 
 chiefly from Cottle’s Recollections of Coleridge. The 
 following is the narrative of the Rev. Cuthbert Southey, 
 given in his recently published life of his father. “ Their 
 plan was to collect as many brother adventurers as they 
 could, and to establish a community in the new world upon 
 the most thoroughly social basis. Land was to be pur- 
 chased with their common contributions, and to be culti- 
 vated by their common labour. Each was to have his 
 portion of work assigned him, and they calculated that a 
 large part of their time would still remain for social converse 
 and literary pursuits. The females of the party, for all 
 were to be married men, were to cook and perform all the 
 domestic offices, and having gone so far as to plan the 
 architecture of their cottages, and the form of their settle- 
 ment, they had pictured as pleasant a Utopia as ever 
 entered an ardent mind.” — Southey’s Life, vol. 1, p. 281, 
 1849. A ship was to be freighted, and implements of 
 husbandry, and all other necessaries were to be purchased. 
 The cost was estimated at about two thousand pounds ; 
 but neither the requisite funds, nor the required associates 
 could be obtained. Southey then proposed to Coleridge 
 to found this Pantisocracy in some retired part of Wales. 
 Coleridge, however, seems to have awakened from this 
 romantic dream, and in a sensible letter to Southey pointed 
 out the insuperable difficulties of the scheme. Fortunately 
 for his happiness ; fortunately for his fame, and fortunately 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 109 
 
 for the literature of his country, Pantisocracy was aban- 
 doned. His kind uncle, the Rev. Mr. Hill, Chaplain to 
 the British Factory at Lisbon, who had defrayed the 
 expenses of his education, invited him to accompany him 
 to Lisbon. He accepted the invitation, but privately 
 married Miss Edith Fricker,* on the 14th of November, 
 1795, the very morning he left Bristol to join his uncle, 
 assigning as his reason for this extraordinary step, that in 
 case of his death he had kind relations, who would assist 
 his widow, who might not have felt themselves called upon 
 to aid his affianced bride. Previous to leaving Bristol 
 he sold the copyright of his Joan of Arc to Cottle, a book- 
 seller at Bristol; on his return home he published his 
 Letters from Spain and Portugal, and went to Bristol to 
 bring his wife to London. In November 1796, he entered 
 himself a member of Gray’s Inn, intending to become a 
 barrister. He now supported himself in a great measure 
 by his literary publications. A deeper study of the Scrip- 
 tures, a more mature judgment, and an intimate acquaint- 
 ance with the writings of our more celebrated Divines 
 reclaimed him from Unitarianism, and henceforward he 
 became a sincere and enlightened member and advocate of 
 the Church of England. His republican principles were 
 also abandoned, and he became an ultra-tory. There is 
 no reason to doubt his conversion in either instance was 
 the result of honest conviction. In 1801, he was appointed 
 private secretary to Mr. Corry, Chancellor of the Exchequer 
 for Ireland, and on that gentleman’s resignation of office, 
 Southey retired to Keswick in Cumberland. His circum- 
 stances were now sadly straitened. His old friend and 
 schoolfellow at Westminster, Mr. (now the Rt Hon.) 
 Charles Winn, munificently allowed him from his own 
 moderate fortune an annuity of £160. till he could obtain 
 something equal or superior. In 1807, when Lord Gren- 
 
 * There were three sisters of the name of Fricker. One was married to 
 Lovell, the second to Coleridge, and Southey married Edith. 
 
110 
 
 cillray’s caricatures. 
 
 ville was quitting office, he proposed to the King to grant 
 Southey a pension of £200. per annum, to which his 
 Majesty ct graciously assented.’* In 1813, by the inter- 
 vention of Sir Walter Scott he succeeded Pye as Poet 
 Laureate, and was exempted from paying the degrading 
 quit-rent of an annual birthday ode. 
 
 When the Quarterly Review was established, he was for 
 several years one of its most valuable contributors, and his 
 articles greatly extended its reputation and sale. His 
 numerous compositions in verse and prose have been 
 variously estimated. The public has confirmed, and per- 
 haps many of his personal friends will accept the follow- 
 ing as a candid and discriminating sketch of his literary 
 character, though drawn by the hand of his inveterate 
 enemy Lord Byron. “ His prose is perfection; of his 
 poetry there are various opinions, too much of it for the 
 present generation. Posterity will probably select. He 
 has passages equal to anything. At present he has a party, 
 but no public, except for his prose writings. His Life of 
 Nelson is beautiful.” See Note to Byron’s Vision of 
 Judgment . 
 
 175. 
 
 THE STORM RISING; OR, THE REPUBLICAN 
 
 FLOTILLA IN DANGER. February ls£, 1798. 
 
 FOX. SHERIDAN. DUKE OF BEDFORD. TIERNEY. PITT. 
 
 On the assistance which it was pretended the Whigs 
 were giving to the threatened French invasion. In the dis- 
 tance the Evil One, mounted on the guillotine,* is dancing 
 
 * So called from the name of the original proposer of the machine. Dr. 
 Joseph Ignace Guillotin, a physician of Paris, a Member of the States-Gene- 
 ral, and the Constituent Assembly. He is said to have been a very humane 
 man, and to have suggested this mode of execution, as the least painful to the 
 sufferer. Towards the close of the Reign of Terror he was arrested, impri- 
 soned, and narrowly escaped decapitation by the instrument he had himself 
 introduced. On his liberation from prison, he abandoned his political career, 
 and resumed the medical profession. He died at Paris in 1814. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 Ill 
 
 in the highest glee, and playing the popular tune of “ Over 
 the water to Charley.” (Fox.) 
 
 176 . 
 
 LA PROMENADE EN FAMILLE. A SKETCH 
 FROM LIFE. April 23rd, 179?. 
 
 THE FITZCLARENCES. MRS. JORDAN. DUKE OF CLARENCE. 
 
 On the relations between the Duke of Clarence and 
 Mrs. Jordan, a subject of much scandal at this time. 
 
 177. 
 
 THE ESPLANADE. June 1st , 1?97 
 
 LORD CATHCART. GEORGE III. SIR D. DUNDAS. 
 
 A caricature on the undignified appearance of royalty in 
 the person of George III. As the motto seems to inti- 
 mate, the King is steering a clear course between two 
 gallant officers, who are no less caricatures than himself. 
 
 It is to be supposed that Majesty is relaxing in its retreat 
 at Weymouth. 
 
 178 . 
 
 CONSEQUENCES OF A SUCCESSFUL FRENCH 
 INVASION.— No. I. Plate 1. WE COME TO 
 RECOVER YOUR LONG LOST LIBERTIES.— * 
 Scene: the House of Commons. March ls£, 1798. 
 
 DUNDAS. PITT. SHERIDAN. FOX. 
 
 These illustrations of what it was anticipated would be 
 the consequence of the success of revolutionary principles, 
 if violently established in this country, were not originally 
 designed by Gillray, as stated in the inscription below, but 
 in transferring the designs to copper, he seems to have 
 given them much of his own spirit and manner. Pitt and 
 Dundas appear in the first as two convicts, chained toge- 
 ther for transportation, with the rest of the Members of 
 
 1 
 
112 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 the House of Commons, to the Colonies; while Fox is 
 breaking the Mace, and Sheridan burning the Records, 
 In other respects these Plates are sufficiently explained by 
 the description at the bottom. In this first subject, how- 
 ever, the copper of this description has been lost (having 
 been engraved on a separate piece), it is therefore here 
 inserted. 
 
 Description as published by Gillray. — One 
 French soldier putting handcuffs, and another fetters, on 
 the Speaker, whose mouth is gagged with a drumstick. 
 The rest of the Members, two and two, tied together with 
 cords, (Mr. Pitt and Mr. Dundas by the arms with an iron 
 chain, which has three padlocks, but the keyholes spiked 
 up). They are all dressed in the uniform of the Convicts of 
 Botany Bay, to wit, coats of two colours, long breeches, 
 no stockings, and their heads close shaved ; French guards 
 opposite to the Members, with their hats on ; one of whom 
 carries an axe, and a blazon of a Death’s head on his 
 breast. Two clerks near him, with their pens in their 
 ears, hanging their heads. Republicans in the galleries, 
 wearing their hats, in which are triple-coloured cockades, 
 and clapping their hands. An English blacksmith, in his 
 waistcoat and cap of liberty, breaking the mace in pieces 
 with a fore-hammer. The Statutes tumbled on the floor. 
 The cap of liberty raised high behind the Speaker’s chair, 
 below which is painted, in capital letters — £C This House 
 adjourned to Botany Bay, £ sine die/” — The chaffers and 
 burning charcoal continuing to stand in their present 
 places in the House, but filled with red hot irons to sear 
 one cheek of the Members before they set off ; and the 
 other, if they shall be found guilty, by the verdict of a 
 French jury, of returning to their own country, without 
 leave of the French Directory, in writing. An English 
 cobbler, in the cap of liberty, blowing with a bellows one 
 of the chaffers ; the fuel, the Journals of the House. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 113 
 
 179. 
 
 No. I. Plate 2.— WE EXPLAIN DE RIGHTS OF 
 MAN TO DE NOBLESSE. March 1st , 1798. 
 
 The scene is here transferred to the House of Lords, 
 which is undergoing a fate similar to the House of Com- 
 mons. 
 
 180. 
 
 No. I. Plate 3.— WE FLY ON THE WINGS OF 
 THE WIND TO SAVE THE IRISH CATHOLICS 
 FROM PERSECUTION. 
 
 The treatment which the Irish were to expect on the 
 arrival of the French, whom their agitators had so often 
 invited over as their deliverers. 
 
 181. 
 
 No. I. Plate 4.— ME TEACH DE ENGLISH RE- 
 PUBLICANS TO WORK.— Scene : a Ploughed 
 Field. March ls£, 1798. 
 
 The English are at length tasting the sweets of the 
 French Constitution. The description, which has been 
 lost, is here supplied. 
 
 Description, as published by Gillray. — A row 
 of English people in tatters, and wooden shoes, hoeing a 
 field of garlic. A tall, raw-boned Frenchman, with a long 
 queue behind, like a Negro driver, with a long waggoner’s 
 whip in each hand, walking by their side. The people 
 very sulky, but tolerably obedient and tractable for so 
 short a time ; John Bull being a bad lad only when you 
 are very good to him. The group of the hoers are, a 
 husbandman, his wife, a manufacturer, a curate, and an 
 old man. In another part of the field, four other English 
 people, a father and son (husbandmen), with two seamen, 
 in a yoke, drawing a plough ; a French farmer guiding it 
 
 1 2 
 
114 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 with one hand, and with the other flourishing and cracking 
 a French postillion’s long whip ; a French boy walking 
 by the side of the yoke with a goad, which has a point as 
 sharp as a needle. The French hoe-driver gives his in- 
 structions thus; ££ Jacques JRoastbeef, hoe straight, deep, 
 quick, and rest not.” — The instructions of the French 
 holder of the plough are : £< Monsieur John Bull. Mon 
 Ami.” (in English) tc My friend, Mr. John Bull, pull hard, 
 plough deep, trot quick, turn sudden, rest not.” A Messager 
 dEtat , (in English) a Messenger of State, in his Habit of 
 Office, with a letter in his hand, comes to hurry on the 
 work for the exigencies of war. In another part of the 
 plate stand the Farm Offices ; a vast oak, withered, above 
 them. A cauldron boiling, on which is engraved ££ Soup 
 Maigre,” with a stack of onions and turnips close by it. 
 On a large board is painted — ££ Regulations of this 
 “ Farm. — At five o’clock in the morning, the hogs and 
 “ English slaves are to be fed ; at twelve o’clock at night 
 “ they are to be suppered, and littered up with the best 
 tc straw that the Scotch and Irish part of the slaves can 
 66 steal from the neighbouring farms, and then locked up. 
 “ But there are holes in the bottom of the walls for the 
 hogs to go out, and get the benefit of fresh air. Punish- 
 ££ ment of laziness — for the first offence, five hundred 
 ££ lashes • for the second, the guillotine. All other crimes, 
 K except those which affect Frenchmen, are forgiven, on 
 ££ promise of amendment.” — A ballad is lying on the 
 ground, in the English language, entitled — £t Recantation 
 of British and Irish Republican Husbandmen and Manu- 
 facturers.” — The burden of the Song is — ‘ £ Oh ! England, 
 “England! — King, Wife, Sons and Daughters of our 
 ££ King, of whom the sons are all brave, and the daughters 
 ££ all beautiful : Parliament and Judges, who covered us 
 ££ with blessings, which we repaid with reproaches : Clergy, 
 ££ who taught us to die as well as to live for our country — 
 ££ LandafF, Landaff! Nobles and Squires, in whose hos- 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 115 
 
 <c pitality and bounty we shared : St. Vincents, and Dun- 
 “ cans : Merchants, Master Manufacturers, who lived as 
 “ simply as ourselves, but both of us well ; how could we 
 “ forget you ? You would not have deserted us, but we 
 “ deserted you. But with the same weapons which have 
 “ defended you, we will punish ourselves. We despise 
 “ life, we could submit to misfortune, but cannot bear the 
 “ consciousness of not having stood or fallen with you. 
 “ Oh ! England, England, country of every bliss, for ever 
 “ farewell P’ 
 
 182. 
 
 LORD LONGBOW, THE ALARMIST, DISCOVER- 
 ING THE MISERIES OF IRELAND. 
 
 March 12th, 1798. 
 
 EARL MOIRA. 
 
 The Earl of Moira, a gallant soldier, an eloquent 
 senator, and accomplished statesman, was born 9th of De- 
 cember, 1754. During the lifetime of his father he bore 
 the second title of his peerage, that of Lord Rawdon. He 
 very early conceived a strong predilection for the military 
 service, and embraced it as a profession. In the early period 
 of the American war he embarked with his regiment for that 
 country, and arrived there panting for military distinction. 
 An opportunity soon presented itself. He was present 
 at the memorable battle of Bunker’s Hill, 16th of June, 
 1775, serving as a Lieutenant in the fifth company of 
 Grenadiers, and was one of the seven of the whole company 
 who was not wounded. On that occasion he exhibited 
 extraordinary valour and activity. He is particularly 
 pointed out in the official report of General Burgoyne, the 
 Commander-in-Chief, “Lord Rawdon has this day 
 stamped his fame for life.” His exemplary con- 
 duct and military talents caused him to be raised to the 
 rank of Lieutenant-Colonel and Adjutant to the British 
 Forces in 1778, before he had completed his 24th year. 
 
116 
 
 GILLRAY^S CARICATURES. 
 
 He was then appointed to a separate command, and in 
 various engagements with Generals Gates and Greene he 
 gained fresh laurels, and pursued his bright career till ill- 
 ness obliged him to return home. He was received with 
 great distinction, and created an English Peer by the title 
 of Lord Rawdon. The American Peace consigned him to 
 inactivity until 1794, when he embarked for Ostend with 
 a small force. The skill and rapidity with which he effected 
 a seasonable junction with the Duke of York,* elicited great 
 praise from military men. The retreat of the Duke of 
 York and return of the British army again consigned him 
 to unwelcome inactivity. He had indeed the command of 
 a body of troops quartered at Southampton, but very little 
 effective authority. Several battalions of French emigrants 
 were placed under his directions. He entertained their 
 officers with absurd splendour and profuseness, and might 
 be said to have almost kept a Court at Southampton for 
 them. He is supposed to have expended at least thirty 
 thousand pounds of his private fortune in entertaining them. 
 He now devoted his comparative leisure to politics. The 
 situation of Ireland attracted his particular attention. In 
 vain he brought forward conciliatory measures in the 
 British House of Peers. 
 
 On the 19th of February, 1798, he brought the subject 
 before the Irish House of Peers. Never had expectation 
 been raised to a greater height in that country. Lord 
 Moira commenced his address by candidly avowing that 
 he had brought the same subject unsuccessfully before the 
 notice of the British House of Peers, but he had failed to 
 obtain an inquiry into the grievances of Ireland, although he 
 had offered to substantiate his statements by proofs at the 
 bar. He entertained more sanguine expectations from the 
 Peers of Ireland, for the heart-rending scenes he should 
 detail had passed more immediately under their cognizance. 
 
 * Lord Moira was second to the Duke of York in his duel with Colonel 
 Lennox. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 117 
 
 He then entered on an appalling narrative of persons torn 
 from their families, and imprisoned without being con- 
 fronted with their accusers, or even knowing the charges 
 brought against them. In some instances torture had been 
 applied, in others picketing had been resorted to, and in 
 some cases the unhappy victims had been half-hanged. He 
 understood it had been stated that the district about his 
 own house had been tainted not only with disaffection 
 but rebellion, as much as any other part of the kingdom. 
 These infamous aspersions he had ascertained originated 
 with a Government informer, whose character was so in- 
 famous that no Justice of the Peace would receive his 
 attestation on oath. Again he urged on Government a 
 more lenient course. ££ The time for recovering the affec- 
 tions of your countrymen has not yet passed ; conciliation 
 may be deferred, but every day increases the difficulty of 
 suppressing the spirit of discontent. Be united, you may 
 then defy France and the world, although you had not a 
 ship on the sea.” 
 
 The Chancellor (Lord Clare) was happy in discussing 
 the subject with the Noble Earl, as his speech in the 
 British House of Peers had done so much mischief, and 
 aggravated the disaffection in Ireland. He said that from 
 the time of Lord Townshend concessions had constantly 
 been made, that after each the people had professed them- 
 selves satisfied and grateful ; yet after a month or two 
 their turbulence returned with increased vigour. The 
 present discontent dated from the formation of the Society 
 of United Irishmen after the rejection of the Bill for 
 Parliamentary Reform. The principle of that Society was 
 separation from Great Britain. Wolfe Tone, an Adjutant- 
 General in Hoche’s army, was at this hour residing as 
 Envoy at Paris from the Society of United Irishmen. 
 They had also another agent residing at Lisle during the 
 negociation of Lord Malmesbury, whose business it was 
 to defeat the British Ambassador. The persons arrested 
 
118 
 
 CILLRAy’s CARICATURES. 
 
 had been treated with greater lenity than they deserved. 
 He mentioned the case of Shaw, who had been stated by 
 his Lordship to have been half hanged : this he denied- 
 A rope had only been tied round his neck to induce him 
 to confess ; and with regard to the picket punishment, it 
 had been only done on a blacksmith, who had made a 
 number of pikes, which on examination he denied ; but 
 being brought to the Guard Room, he confessed for whom 
 he had made them, and where they were, by which means 
 above a hundred had been found. The temporary punish- 
 ment of this man was more than compensated by the 
 number of lives saved by the detection of these instru- 
 ments of murder. With respect to the burning of 
 houses, it could not, to be sure, be strictly justified, but 
 some examples were necessary to be made ; and when it 
 became necessary to call out the military, it was not always 
 possible to restrain their excesses. Lord Moira’s Motion 
 for an address to the Lord Lieutenant, recommending 
 that conciliatory measures should be devised, was rejected 
 by 44 to 9. Lord Moira had doubtless been misled 
 in some instances by aggravated accounts of the excesses 
 committed by the Government authorities, civil and 
 military ; but the Lord Chancellor Clare himself admitted 
 that considerable severity had been exercised towards 
 some persons, and that a vigour beyond the law, which 
 <<r could not be strictly justified/’ had been employed. 
 In the course of his speech, Lord Moira had stated that 
 he had assembled the tenants on his own extensive do- 
 main at Ballynahinch, and received the most satisfactory 
 assurances of their devoted sympathy. Unfortunately his 
 confidence proved to have been misplaced ; for an open 
 insurrection broke out in his own town of Ballynahinch 
 shortly after, and a large number of pikes were found 
 secreted by the peasantry in his own woods, which gave 
 rise to the following spirited song — 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 119 
 
 BALLYNAHINCH, 
 
 A NEW SONG. 
 
 I. 
 
 A certain great Statesman, whom all of us know, 
 
 In a certain Assembly, no long while ago. 
 
 Declared from this maxim he never would flinch, 
 
 “ That no town was so Loyal as Ballynahinch.” 
 
 II. 
 
 The great Statesman, it seems, had perused all their faces, 
 
 And been mightily struck with their loyal grimaces ; 
 
 While each townsman had sung, like a Throstle or Finch, 
 
 “ We are all of us Loyal at Ballynahinch.” 
 
 III. 
 
 The great Statesman returned to his speeches and readings, 
 
 And the Ballynahinchers resum’d their proceedings ; 
 
 They had most of them sworn, 11 We’ll be true to the Frinch,”* 
 
 So Loyal a town was this Ballynahinch. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Determin’d their Landlord’s fine words to make good, 
 
 They hid pikes in his haggard, cut staves in his wood ; 
 
 And attack’d the King’s troops — the assertion to clinch, 
 
 That no town is so Loyal as Ballynahinch. 
 
 V. 
 
 O ! had we but trusted the rebels' professions, 
 
 Met their cannon with smiles, and their pikes with concessions, 
 
 Tho’ they still took an ell, when we gave them an inch , 
 
 They would all have been Loyal — like Ballynahinch. 
 
 183 . 
 
 ST. GEORGE'S VOLUNTEERS CHARGING DOWN 
 BOND STREET, AFTER CLEARING THE RING 
 IN HYDE PARK, AND STORMING THE DUNG- 
 HILL AT MARYBONE. March 1 st, 1797. 
 
 CAPTAIN FOSTER. 
 
 A satire on the volunteering mania of this period, when 
 
 * Hibernice for French. 
 
120 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 the country was threatened with so many dangers. The 
 volunteer regiments of the West End performed their 
 manoeuvres in Hyde Park, and the scene of their peaceful 
 campaigns extended to Marylebone and the surrounding 
 districts. The St. George’s Volunteers formed the first 
 metropolitan corps, commanded by the then well-known 
 Captain Foster. 
 
 184. 
 
 SEARCH NIGHT; OR, STATE WATCHMEN 
 MISTAKING HONEST MEN FOR CONSPI- 
 RATORS. March 20th, 1798. 
 
 MOIRA. FOX. SHERIDAN. DUKE OF BEDFORD. HORNE 
 TOOKE. NICHOLS. TIERNEY. NORFOLK. PITT. DUNDAS. 
 
 Some arrests had been made in England in the beginning 
 of March, 1798, of persons implicated in the troubles 
 which were disturbing Ireland, and were the object of 
 severe animadversions by some of the opposition papers. 
 The subject is here made the ground for a satire on the 
 Whigs. Pitt and Dundas, the two State Watchmen, are 
 breaking in upon the conspirators. The two leaders, Fox 
 and Sheridan, make their escape by the cock-loft, while 
 the Dukes of Bedford and Norfolk take to the chimney. 
 Three of the party have sought a refuge under the table. 
 Lord Moira alone stands his ground. 
 
 185. 
 
 HABITS OF NEW FRENCH LEGISLATORS AND 
 OTHER PUBLIC FUNCTIONARIES, No. L— 
 Le Ministre d’Etat en Grand Costume. 
 
 April 18th, 1798. 
 
 CHARLES FOX. 
 
 The National Convention of France flattered the vanity 
 of the revolutionary statesmen under the Directory, and 
 gratified the love of the populace for external show, by 
 appointing a special costume for the different Officers of 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 121 
 
 State. It was pretended by the Court Party in Eng- 
 land that the Whigs aimed at imitating the French revo- 
 lutionists in this country, and Gillray has, in this series of 
 “ habits,” clad each of the more prominent of c< the party” 
 in the peculiar costume which was presumed to be the 
 object of his ambition, if the present order of things were 
 once overthrown. Fox, the great man of the Opposition, 
 was supposed to aim at nothing less than the place of First 
 Minister. 
 
 186. 
 
 FRENCH HABITS, No. 2. — Les Membres du Con- 
 seil des Anciens. April \8th, 1798. 
 
 DUKE OF NORFOLK. THE MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE. GRAFTON. 
 
 Two Dukes (Norfolk and Grafton), and a Marquis 
 (Lansdowne), were to form at least part of the Council of 
 Ancients, that important branch of the French Republican 
 Legislature, and of the future Republican Legislature of 
 England. 
 
 187 . 
 
 FRENCH HABITS, No. 3. — Les Membres du Con- 
 seil des Cinq Cents. April 18 th, 1798. 
 
 MR. BYNG. M. A. TAYLOR. LORD LAUDERDALE. 
 
 EARL OF DERBY. LORD STANHOPE. 
 
 A group of the future English Council of the five hun- 
 dred, no less characteristic of the persons and tempers of 
 those who were to compose it. 
 
 188. 
 
 FRENCH HABITS, No. 4. — Membre du Directoire 
 Ex^cutif. April 18 th, 1798. 
 
 DUKE OF BEDFORD. 
 
 The rich and zealous Duke of Bedford is represented in 
 the gay costume of a Member of the Executive Directory, 
 which at this time was dictating the fortunes of Europe. 
 
122 
 
 GILLRA Y 5 S CARICATURES. 
 
 189. 
 
 FRENCH HABITS^ No. 5. — President D’Adminis- 
 tration Municipale. April 18 th, 1798. 
 
 HORNE TOOKE. 
 
 The notorious agitator Tooke, who had never ceased to 
 be identified with political turmoil since the beginning of 
 this long reign, was to receive a less elevated place, at the 
 head of a municipal government. 
 
 190. 
 
 FRENCH HABITS, No. 6. — Le Boureau. 
 
 April 18th, 1798. 
 
 TIERNEY. 
 
 Tierney was harshly dealt with, when he could obtain no 
 more honourable appointment than that of the State Exe- 
 cutioner ; he was to be appointed to a presidence, but to 
 preside only over the fearful guillotine. 
 
 191. 
 
 FRENCH HABITS, No. 7-— L’Avocat de la Re- 
 publique. Map 21 st, 1798. 
 
 ERSKINE. 
 
 The great Whig lawyer, Erskine, was supposed to aim 
 at placing himself at the head of his profession, in the new 
 order of things. 
 
 192. 
 
 FRENCH HABITS. No. 8. — Membre de la haute 
 Cour de Justice. May 15th, 1798. 
 
 SIR JOHN SHUCKBOROUGII. 
 
 There is the sedateness of age, if not dignity, in this high 
 expounder of the justice of the Republic. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 123 
 
 193. 
 
 FRENCH HABITS, No. 9. — Juge du Tribunal 
 
 Correctionel. May 21 st, 1798. 
 
 COURTNEY. 
 
 Courtney, wlio here occupies a position which at this 
 time offered frequent opportunities for sallies of humour, 
 was distinguished as one of the wittiest of the Opposition 
 orators in the House of Commons. 
 
 194. 
 
 FRENCH HABITS, No. 10. — Juge de Paix. 
 
 May 1 5th, 1798. 
 
 NICHOLS. 
 
 Nichols was a very zealous and a very active partizan of 
 the Opposition in the House of Commons, although not 
 one of those whose talents or influence have obtained a 
 prominent place in the memory of posterity. The satirist 
 appears to have thought him best fitted for the office of a 
 Republican justice of peace. 
 
 195. 
 
 FRENCH HABITS, No. 11.— Le Tresorier. 
 
 May 21 st, 1798. 
 
 SIR WILLIAM PULTENEY. 
 
 Sir William Fulteney seated : a book lies open before 
 him entitled tc Etat des Finances de la Republique.” The 
 key of office is attached to his coat. 
 
 In the year 1 7 97^ before Easter, a very considerable 
 number of Members of the House of Commons, dissatisfied 
 with the conduct of the war, the embarrassed state of the 
 finances, and the alarming situation of the country, formed 
 themselves into “ A Third Party,” and requested an in- 
 terview with Lord Moira, with a view to effect a change of 
 Ministry. As there is no account of this negotiation in 
 
124 
 
 GILLRAY S CARICATURES. 
 
 Gifford’s Life of Pitt, in various other historical memoirs of 
 the times, nor in Cooke’s History of Party, we shall 
 furnish the reader with some extracts from a letter of Lord 
 Moira addressed to Col. M f Mahon, dated Bonington, 
 June 15, 17975 but not printed till January 2, 1798. They 
 will shew why Gillray has invested Sir William Pulteney 
 with the habit of “Le Tresorier” in this Print. 
 
 “ They requested that I would endeavour on the assur- 
 ance of their support to form an administration, on the 
 principle of excluding persons who had on either side 
 made themselves obnoxious to the public.” 
 
 66 1 strenuously recommended them to form an alliance 
 with Mr. Fox’s party, that might be satisfactory to them- 
 selves, and reduce to strict engagement the extent of the 
 measures, which Mr. Pox when brought into office by 
 themselves would propose.” 
 
 Ct Hitherto nobody has been designated to any particular 
 office, but Sir William Pulteney. The gentlemen had 
 said that he w r as the person whom they should be most 
 gratified in seeing Chancellor of the Exchequer, 
 and I had professed to them and to him that there was not 
 any person with w r hom I could act more confidently.” 
 
 “ I added, the introduction of Lord Thurlow, Sir William 
 Pulteney, and myself into the Cabinet would not assure 
 the public of a change of system.” 
 
 The Third Party, however, disapproved the admission 
 of either Fox or Pitt into the Cabinet. Sheridan, and the 
 other friends of Fox, at once rejected Lord Moira’s over- 
 tures, and would only act in conjunction with him. After 
 the negotiation was broken off, Colonel M‘Mahon sent Fox 
 a copy of Lord Moira’s letter, addressed to himself. Fox, 
 in acknowledging the receipt of the letter, says : “ His 
 conduct appears to have been, what I never doubted it 
 would be — honourable and judicious. I had as little doubt 
 of his good wishes to, and favourable opinion of, me.” 
 Canning, in ie An Ode to Lord Moira,” in the Anti- 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 125 
 
 Jacobin of January 22, 1798, glances at the proposed 
 appointment of Sir William Pulteney to the Chancellorship 
 of the Exchequer. 
 
 <{ Old Pulteney, too, your influence feels. 
 
 And asks from you th’ Exchequer Seals, 
 
 To tax and save the nation.” 
 
 See Anti-Jacobin, vol. i. p. 382. 
 
 196. 
 
 FRENCH HABITS, No. 12. — Messager D’Etat. 
 
 May 2 Rtf, 1798. 
 
 SIR FRANCIS BURDETT. 
 
 Burdett, who was at this time coming into notoriety as 
 a patriot, is placed last in the list. Though his office of a 
 Messenger of State is not a high one, his costume, at 
 least, is equal to that of most of his superiors. 
 
 197. 
 
 LONDON CORRESPONDING SOCIETY ALARMED. 
 
 April 20 th, 1798. 
 
 Another caricature on the political events in the spring 
 of 1798, and on the prosecutions against the members of 
 the political clubs, which was striking no little alarm into 
 the latter, at the head of which was the celebrated London 
 Corresponding Society. The intention of this caricature 
 is to expose to ridicule the low materials of which the 
 secret societies were often composed. 
 
 198. 
 
 MEETING OF UNFORTUNATE CITOYENS. 
 
 May 12 th, 1798. 
 
 DUNDAS. PITT. FOX. DUKE OF NORFOLK. 
 
 Fox and the Duke of Norfolk are represented in this 
 print as condoling with each other. Fox, as “ scratch’d 
 off — dished — kicked out.” A list of the Privy Council is 
 exhibited, with the name of “C. J. Fox” run through. 
 
126 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 The Duke of Norfolk, who had been deprived of his Lord 
 Lieutenancy, and Colonelcy of the Yorkshire Militia, ex- 
 claims— How ! What ! Kicked out ! Ah , marhleu ! 
 chacun a son jour. Ah , marhleu !” Dundas and Pitt are 
 standing sentinels at St. Jameses Palace. 
 
 A dinner of the Whig Club took place at the Free- 
 masons* Tavern, on the 1st of May, 1798. Mr. Fox was 
 in the chair. He gave, as the first toast — 
 
 6i The Sovereignty of the People of Great 
 Britain.” 
 
 The Duke of Norfolk proposed The health of the Man 
 who dares be honest in the worst of times — 
 
 “ Chakles James Fox.” 
 
 Mr. Fox responded in a most impressive speech; he 
 said, “ On any other occasion he should have contented 
 himself with returning thanks, but in the very peculiar 
 embarrassments in which the country was now plunged, 
 he thought it necessary to say a few words in the only 
 place in which he thought it might be useful for him to 
 deliver his sentiments. The circumstances and events of 
 public affairs of late had induced him and many of his 
 friends to abstain from their usual assiduous attendance in 
 Parliament. Their exertions for the preservation of the 
 Constitution had been of no avail ; two years ago they had 
 seen the repeal of the Bill of Rights carried by a triumphant 
 majority ; they had seen the functions of the Constitutional 
 Law suspended, on alarm created by the Ministers them- 
 selves ; and however well founded the alarm might now 
 be, he scorned the idea that it was necessary for him to 
 attend in his place in the House of Commons, for the pur- 
 pose only of vindicating himself from the vulgar calumny 
 that he was not an enemy to a foreign invasion. It would 
 be an insult on his whole life if such a declaration could 
 be expected from him. He believed there was not a voice 
 
POLITICAL SERIES* 
 
 127 
 
 in the assembly he addressed, which was not in unison with 
 his own — namely, that every man who heard him was 
 both ready and willing to stand forth in the defence of his 
 country, with the spirit that belongs to Englishmen. He 
 found no fault with those who thought it necessary to 
 make these professions elsewhere. Thus much only he 
 would say in this place for himself. The present Govern- 
 ment of the country , he had no hesitation in saying , was a 
 Government of Tyranny. They had adopted the principles 
 of Robespierre , and their object was to establish tyranny in 
 England. Look at the situation of the Sister Kingdom ; 
 our own will soon be the same. He had no remedy to 
 recommend, but that the friends of freedom should be 
 united and firm, and wait for better times. Tyranny was 
 now the order of the day in every country in Europe. Not- 
 withstanding the arbitrary proceedings of our own Minis- 
 ters, he was persuaded the unanimous feeling of the 
 country, the universal determination of every man in it was 
 to be ready to take the field against a foreign foe ; and 
 indeed, they had a powerful motive to do so, for if they 
 were united, they had a better chance to get rid of the 
 tyranny of their own Ministers than they could possibly 
 have by the success of a foreign invasion. Even in his 
 present retirement he should be ready to come forward, in 
 every constitutional effort, to regain our lost liberties ; and 
 he should be in the foremost of the ranks to repel the 
 invasion of a daring enemy.” 
 
 We have been thus particular in recording Fox’s speech 
 on this occasion, as it led to a most important consequence, 
 — the erasing from the Privy Council Book the name of 
 one of the most illustrious statesmen, which had ever 
 adorned it. Fox’s name was struck out by the King on 
 the 9th of May. Fox must have anticipated this result, 
 indeed he seems to have courted or rather provoked it. 
 In the preceding February, after giving the toast of “ The 
 Sovereignty of the People,” in commenting on the 
 
 K 
 
128 
 
 GILLRAY ? S CARICATURES. 
 
 dismissal of the Duke of Norfolk from his Lord- Lieute- 
 nancy and Colonelcy of Militia, he remarked, “ I have 
 nothing the Ministers can take from me. I am still 
 indeed a Privy Counsellor, at least I know nothing to the 
 contrary, and if this sentiment entitles the Noble Duke 
 to this animadversion, I shall certainly feel that I am 
 equally entitled to this mark of his Majesty’s displeasure.” 
 
 George III. was perhaps not sorry to embrace the 
 opportunity, thus afforded, of inflicting an indignity upon 
 Fox by depriving him of his rank of Privy Counsellor.* 
 For he entertained as strong a personal dislike of Fox, as 
 George II. had done to the elder Pitt. As far back as 
 the early part of 1784, when a large assemblage of Members 
 of the House of Commons, of acknowledged weight and 
 independence, from both sides of the House, met at the 
 St. Alban’s Tavern, and endeavoured to effect a union 
 between Pitt and Fox, with a view to the formation of a 
 strong Administration, George III. wrote a private letter 
 to Pitt, commencing thus : u Queen’s House, February 15, 
 1784. Mr. Pitt is well apprized of the mortification I 
 feel at any possibility of ever again seeing the heads of 
 the Opposition in public employments, particularly Mr. 
 Fox, whose conduct has not been more marked against 
 my station in the empire than against my person,” &c. &c. 
 Both Sovereigns, however, were compelled by the public 
 voice and the exigencies of the State, eventually to call to 
 their councils the object of their respective aversion. 
 
 On the death of Mr. Pitt in January, 1806, Fox was 
 
 * On the 6th of June, after the dinner at the Whig Club, the Duke of Bed- 
 ford proposed ‘‘The Health of Charles Fox,” and animadverted in severe 
 terms on Ministers having caused the King to strike his name out of the list 
 of the Privy Council. Mr. Fox said, “ It would be most unfit for him to say 
 a word respecting the Noble Duke’s allusion to a circumstance personal to 
 himself. Would to God the time of the Ministers had been always employed 
 in such frivolous fooleries as settling who should be Honourable and who 
 Bight Honourable, and deliberating on the titles most befitting their friends 
 and supporters.” 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 129 
 
 appointed Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and 
 virtually Prime Minister.* The ability and address with 
 which he conducted public affairs, — his attractive manners, 
 and the uniform attention and deference he paid to the 
 King, overcame the preconceived prejudices of the King, 
 and conciliated his esteem. Unfortunately his ministerial 
 career was very short : he died September 13, 1806. 
 44 Little did I think,” said his Majesty to Lord Sidmouth 
 at the first interview with which he honoured him after 
 the fatal event, 44 little did I think that I should ever live 
 to regret Mr. Fox's death .” 
 
 44 Mr. Fox’s powers of attraction must have been extra- 
 ordinary, indeed, to overcome as they did, not only the 
 feebler resistance of Lord Sidmouth’s political preposses- 
 sions, but also the more deeply rooted predispositions, 
 which were believed to prevail in the Royal mind, yet that 
 such was the case is unquestionable.” — FelleuPs Life of 
 Lord Sidmouth , vol. 2. p. 435. 
 
 A pension of £936, was granted to Mr. Fox’s widow.— 
 See 44 Report from the Select Committee on existing Pen- 
 sions,” July 24, 1838, p. 42. — 44 Fox, Elizabeth Bridget, 
 aged 88, £936. widow of the Right Hon. C. J. Fox.” 
 
 44 He had not,” says Lodge, 44 like Mr. Pitt, the honour 
 of a funeral and monument voted by the Parliament of his 
 
 * Gillray’s other “ Unfortunate Citoyen’ ’ was appointed Lord Lieutenant 
 of the county of Sussex. A circumstance occurred during the Regency, which 
 reflected the highest honour on the Duke of Norfolk. A vacancy having 
 occurred in the Order of the Garter, the Regent communicated to the Duke 
 of Norfolk his intention of conferring the vacant Blue Ribbon on the Duke, 
 as a mark of his private friendship for the Duke, and wholly independent of 
 all political considerations. The Blue Ribbon had always been the favourite 
 object of the Duke’s ambition ; but in an interview with the Regent, he ex- 
 pressed his deep sense of the high honour proposed to be conferred on him, 
 and which was greatly enhanced by the terms in which the communication 
 had been conveyed, but respectfully and firmly declined the honour, stating 
 that it was contrary to his political principles to accept a favour from the 
 Crown, while he felt it to be his imperative duty to oppose the principles and 
 measures of the Ministers who enjoyed its confidence. 
 
130 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 country; but the spontaneous affection of his countrymen, 
 and the number of his private friends and political adhe- 
 rents, in some measure supplied the place. The attendance 
 of rank, talent, distinction, and numbers, at the last mourn- 
 ful ceremony which consigned him to the grave, was 
 almost unexampled ; and a splendid monument in the 
 Abbey, together with a bronze statue in Bloomsbury 
 Square, were raised to his memory by munificent sub' 
 scriptions.” 
 
 Another generous political opponent paid a tribute to 
 his memory,, 
 
 “ For talents mourn, untimely lost. 
 
 When best employ’d and wanted most ; 
 
 Mourn genius high, and lore profound, 
 
 And wit that loved to play, not wound ; 
 
 And all the reasoning powers divine, 
 
 To penetrate, resolve, combine ; 
 
 And feelings keen, and fancy’s glow, 
 
 They sleep with him, who sleeps below.” 
 
 Sir Walter Scott also beautifully alludes to the proximity 
 of Fox’s tomb to that of his great rival, and the remark- 
 able circumstance of the two graves being placed in imme- 
 diate opposition to each other, as their illustrious occupants 
 had been during their political career. He bids us mourn 
 for 
 
 “ Genius, and taste, and talent gone, 
 
 For ever tomb’d beneath the stone, 
 
 Where — taming thought to human pride ! — 
 
 The mighty chiefs sleep side by side, 
 
 Drop upon Fox’s grave the tear, 
 
 ’Twill trickle to his rival’s bier ; 
 
 O’er Pitt the mournful requiem sound, 
 
 And Fox’s shall the notes rebound. 
 
 The solemn echo seems to cry, — 
 
 ‘ Here let their discord with them die 
 Speak not for them a separate doom, 
 
 Whom Fate made brothers in the tomb ; 
 
 But search the land of living men, 
 
 Where wilt thou find their like agen ?” 
 
 Introduction to Canto the First o/Marmion. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 131 
 
 199. 
 
 SHRINE AT ST. ANNE’S HILL. May 26th, 1798. 
 
 NICHOLES. TIERNEY. LORD LAUDERDALE. DUKE OF BEDFORD. 
 
 DUKE OF NORFOLK. MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE. FOX. 
 
 Fox is kneeling before the busts of Robespierre, Egalite, 
 and Buonaparte. A Tablet is placed on the democratic 
 altar, on which is inscribed “ Droit de L’Homme,” a 
 Political Parody on the Decalogue, the Sixth, Seventh, 
 and Eighth Articles may be taken as a specimen — VI. 
 “ Right to Kill;’’ VII. “ Right to commit Adultery;’’ 
 VIII. Right to Plunder.’’ Nicholls, the Duke of Nor- 
 folk, and others, as stated in the above title, are repre- 
 sented as harpies, &c. hovering around. 
 
 As St. Anne’s Hill is consecrated to immortality from 
 having been the favourite residence of Fox, we will give 
 — first, some account of the place; and secondly, of the 
 domestic habits and pursuits .of its illustrious occupant at 
 this time. 
 
 “ On the hill is a house, the residence of the late Right 
 Hon. C. J. Fox, who spent much of the latter part of his 
 life here, and improved it by plantations, &c. It is copy- 
 hold, held of the manor of Chertsey. In 1769, Lady 
 Trevor surrendered it to the use of Lord Charles Spencer, 
 or of such person as he should appoint. In 1778* her 
 Ladyship joined with Lord Charles in surrendering it to 
 the use of the Duke of Marlborough, who soon after sold 
 it to Mrs. Armistead, now the widow of Mr. Fox, and who 
 resides here, 1811.” — Manning and Bray’s History of 
 Surrey, vol. iii. p. 227. 
 
 6 ‘ St. Anne’s Hill,’’ says Trotter, iC is delightfully 
 situated ; it commands a rich and extensive prospect. The 
 house is embowered in trees, on the side of a hill, its 
 grounds decline gracefully to a road, which bounds them 
 at the bottom. Some fine trees are grouped round the 
 
132 GILLRAY 5 S CARICATURES. 
 
 Iiouse^ and three remarkably beautiful ones stand in the 
 lawn, while a profusion of shrubs are throughout distri- 
 buted with taste and judgment. Here Mr. Fox was the 
 tranquil and happy possessor of about thirty acres of land; 
 and the inmate of a small but pleasant mansion. The 
 simplicity and benignity of his manners, speaking the 
 integrity and grandeur of his character, soon dissipated 
 those feelings of awe, which one naturally experiences on 
 approaching what is very exalted/ 5 — Trotter’s Memoirs of 
 the latter Years of Fox, p. 9 and 10. 
 
 “ Far from me and my friends be such frigid philosophy, 
 as may conduct us indifferent and unmoved over any 
 ground which has been dignified by wisdom, bravery, or 
 virtue. That man is little to be envied whose patriotism 
 would not gain force upon the plain of Marathon. 55 Such 
 is the eloquent exclamation of Dr. Johnson. We should 
 likewise esteem it impossible that any man of enlightened 
 mind could visit the mansion, tread the ground, or breathe 
 the air of St. Anne’s Hill, without feeling his love of 
 liberty, and the British constitution invigorated and ex- 
 panded. We recall to our recollection the splendid exer- 
 tions of our British Demosthenes in the cause of Freedom, 
 in the advocacy of Peace, in his triumphant establishment 
 of the Right of Juries to decide on the Law, as well as the 
 Fact in the case of Libels, and his virtual Abolition of the 
 Slave Trade in his last short ministerial career. 
 
 In the year 1793, it became known to some of Mr. 
 Fox’s intimate personal and political friends, that he was 
 greatly embarrassed in his pecuniary circumstances. They 
 did not suffer their regret to evaporate in unavailing ex- 
 pressions. A meeting was arranged to take place on the 
 1st of June, at the Crown and Anchor Tavern, ct for the 
 purpose of offering to Mr. Fox an effective Testimony of 
 Gratitude for his long and unwearied Political 
 Exertions in their cause, and that of the Public.” Mr. 
 Francis assured the meeting that every precaution had been 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 133 
 
 taken to keep the intention from the knowledge of Mr. 
 Fox. — At a second Meeting, on the 11th of June, the 
 Committee announced that the plan had been seconded 
 with such success as to enable them to present Mr. Fox 
 with an annuity, neither unworthy of him nor themselves. 
 Mr. Fox thus became possessed of one of the first of 
 earthly blessings— Independence ; and he never, by any 
 subsequent imprudence, abused the well-placed generosity 
 of his friends. 
 
 We will now give a slight sketch of Mr. Fox’s domestic 
 habits, occupations, and literary pursuits, after his seces- 
 sion from Parliament in 1797> when he enjoyed the quiet 
 and tranquillity of a comparatively private life ; from which 
 he would not have emerged had not his detestation of the 
 War, induced him to return to the House of Commons in 
 1802, to defend the Peace of Amiens, and he was per- 
 suaded to continue his parliamentary attendance by the 
 urgent request of friends, with whose wishes he felt him- 
 self bound to comply. Mr. Fox was an early riser. In 
 the summer he arose between six and seven, and break- 
 fasted at eight ; in the winter he rose at eight, and break- 
 fasted at nine. At breakfast he read aloud some of the 
 newspapers to Mrs. Fox and any visitors, who might be 
 residing with them. f< At such times,” says his Private 
 Secretary, “ when the political topics of the day were natu- 
 rally introduced by the papers, I never could observe the 
 least acrimony or anger against the party, which so sedu- 
 lously, and indeed so successfully, had laboured to exclude 
 him from the management of affairs by misrepresentations 
 of his motives, rather than by refutation of his arguments,” 
 Gibbon, in a letter to Lord Sheffield, bears a similar testi- 
 mony to the delightful amenity of his disposition. In 
 describing the pleasure he derived from Fox passing a day 
 with him at Lausanne just after he had lost all hope of 
 restoration to power by the triumphant majority which 
 Pitt had obtained by the general election ; he adds, u We 
 
134 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 had little politics, though he gave me, in a few words, such 
 a character of Pitt, as one great man should give of another, 
 his rival/’ And in his autobiography, says, “ I admired in 
 Mr. Fox the powers of a superior man, as they are blended 
 in his attractive character, with all the softness and sim- 
 plicity of a child : no human being was ever freer from all 
 taint of malignity, vanity, or falsehood .” 
 
 After breakfast Mr. Fox regularly read some Italian 
 author, with Mrs. Fox. He then retired to his library, 
 and pursued his studies until dinner time. These he pro- 
 secuted with almost youthful ardour. The Greek Dramatic 
 Poets occupied much of his attention at this time, and he 
 corresponded with Gilbert Wakefield on subjects of 
 classical literature. An ardent politician who had seen a 
 letter on his table directed to Charles Grey, would have 
 supposed he had discovered that some political project was 
 in agitation, and would have been surprised to learn that 
 the long epistle was a defence of the epithet “ Merry,” 
 to the note of the Nightingale,* with a reference to 
 Chaucer, “who of all poets seems to have been the 
 fondest of the singing of birds references are made to 
 Theocritus ; “ Sophocles is against us ; but see what 
 Homer says, you will find the passage somewhere in one 
 of the twelve last books of the Odyssey, and if you do not 
 readily find the passage, you will be amply repaid by the 
 pleasure of the perusal.” The reader may judge from this 
 what were the nature of Fox’s studies at this time. 
 
 In summer Mr. Fox dined at half-past two or three, and 
 in winter at four, that time might be afforded for walking, 
 and other rural amusements. After tea, the evening was 
 usually spent in conversation, or Mr. Fox would read aloud 
 some historical work, or some other literary production ; 
 
 * Dryden seems to have been startled at Chaucer’s application of u Merry” 
 to the note of the Nightingale, and in his modernization of the Flower and the 
 Leaf has changed the bird into a Goldfinch. Sir Walter Scott does not notice 
 this change. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 135 
 
 the lighter departments of the Belles Lettres, however, 
 were not neglected; and Mr. Fox would gratify the circle 
 of his friends by reading the Mysteries of Udolpho, or 
 other popular novel or romance. At ten a light supper 
 was served, and soon after the party retired to rest. 
 
 Planting and gardening were favourite occupations of 
 Fox, and he is universally allowed to have laid out the 
 grounds at St. Anne’s Hill with skill and taste. He con- 
 sidered the five years of his secession from Parliament 
 (from 1797 to 1802) as the happiest period of his life. 
 Mrs. Fox’s efforts to promote his domestic comforts were 
 exemplary and untiring. On the 24th of Jannary, 1799, 
 he attained his fiftieth year, and on his birthday addressed 
 these verses to Mrs, Fox. 
 
 “ Of years I have now half a century past, 
 
 And none of the fifty so blest as the last ; 
 
 How it happens my troubles thus daily should cease, 
 
 And my happiness still with my years should increase. 
 
 In defiance of Nature’s more general laws, 
 
 You alone can explain, who alone are the cause.” 
 
 The reader will, perhaps, be amused with the following 
 Physiognomical Portrait of Fox, executed by the Cory- 
 phaeus of Physiognomists — Lavater. It is contained in a 
 letter of Sir Ralph Payne (afterwards Lord Lavington) to 
 Sir Robert Murray Keith, dated Lyons, Nov. 1, 1788. 
 “ When I was at Zurich, where I staid a couple of days, 
 I paid a visit to, and spent two or three hours each day 
 with Lavater, and I will annex a memorandum, which I 
 copied from his note-book, on Charles Fox’s Physiognomy, 
 which he had an opportunity of examining about a couple 
 of months ago, at Berne, where he met him accidentally.” 
 
 Physiognomy of Fox by Lavater. 
 
 Front. Inepuisable : plus de Richesses d’idees et d’images> 
 que je n' ai jamais vu peint sur aucune Physiognomie au 
 Monde. 
 
 Sourcils. Superbes, regnants, dominants. 
 
136 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 Nez. Mediocre. — Les Yeux. Remplis de genie, pergans, 
 fascinants, magiques. 
 
 Les Joues. Sensuelles. — Bouche. Pleine d’une volubilite 
 surprenante et agreable, et le bas da visage doux, affable, et 
 sociable/’ — Lavater Pinxit. — See Sir Robert Murray 
 Keith’s Correspondence, Yol. ii. 
 
 200 . 
 
 THE TREE OF LIBERTY, — WITH THE DEVIL 
 TEMPTING JOHN BULL. May 23rd , 1798. 
 
 FOX. 
 
 Fox, as the serpent of political evil, attempting to seduce 
 John Bull with the apple of Reform. 
 
 Political excitement prevailed in England at this time 
 with extraordinary intensity and rancour. The Whigs 
 accused the Ministers of a systematic design to establish 
 despotic power in the kingdom, and using the suspension 
 of the Habeas Corpus Act, the Restrictions of the Liberty 
 of the Press, and other coercive measures as means to 
 facilitate that object. The Tories, in their turn, branded 
 their opponents as Jacobins, plotting to subvert the 
 Monarchical Institutions of the country. 
 
 This Print may be regarded as a clever specimen of the 
 exaggerated misrepresentations on the Tory side of the 
 question. From the branches of the “ Tree of Liberty/’ 
 which Fox has planted, sprout, not only £tf Reform, De- 
 mocracy, Conspiracy, Treason, and Revolution,” but 
 £fi Atheism, Deism, Blasphemy,” &c. ; sentiments abhorrent 
 from his nature. Such attacks, however, were considered 
 legitimate warfare in those days of over-excitement. 
 
 “ We live in times of violence and extremes,” says Fox, 
 in a letter to one of his correspondents, <£ and all who are 
 for creating, or even for retaining checks upon power, are 
 considered as enemies to order.” Fox was accordingly 
 represented as a Republican, though he had given a most 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 137 
 
 lucid exposition of his sentiments, in his speech on the 
 Army Estimates in 1790. £ ‘ He always thought any of 
 
 the simple unbalanced Governments bad, simple Mo- 
 narchy, simple Aristocracy, simple Democracy, — he held 
 them all imperfect, or vicious; all were had by themselves : 
 the composition alone was good. Those had always been 
 his principles, in which he had agreed with his friend, Mr. 
 Burke. 35 And again, in his speech for giving a Constitu- 
 tion to Canada, in 1791. With regard to Government, 
 he would express his mind freely and explicitly ; and that 
 was, that there could be no good or complete system of 
 Government without a proper mixture of Monarchy, Aris- 
 tocracy, and Democracy. These had always been his sen- 
 timents; and whoever thought otherwise, had entirely 
 misunderstood him, especially if they supposed that he 
 was an enemy to Aristocracy. 55 
 
 201 . 
 
 THE EXPLANATION. May 30 th, 1798. 
 
 LORD CAMELFORD. PITT. TIERNEY. SIR F. BURDETT. 
 
 On Friday, May 25, 1798, Pitt moved to bring in a 
 Bill 44 for the more efficient Manning of the Navy, by an 
 augmentation of 10,000 men to the present force, 55 at the 
 same time intimating, “ that as the present alarming situa- 
 tion of the country made it necessary that this measure 
 should be passed without any delay, he should wish that 
 the Bill might this day be passed through its different 
 stages, with a suitable pause at each, if required; and that 
 it should be sent to the Lords for their concurrence. 55 
 Tierney complained of the precipitancy of the Right Hon. 
 Gentleman. He had heard no arguments that proved its 
 propriety. He knew of no sudden emergency that urged 
 its necessity ; even if he had, some time ought to have 
 been allowed him to weigh and to examine the nature of 
 such an emergency, before he proceeded to give three or 
 
138 
 
 GILLRAYS CARICATURES. 
 
 four votes on a measure of which no notice had been 
 given.” Pitt repeated the urgency of the measure, and 
 said : 44 If the measure be necessary, and that a notice of it 
 would enable its effects to be eluded, how can the Honour- 
 able Gentlemans opposition to it be accounted for, but 
 from a desire to obstruct the defence of the country .” 
 Tierney called the Right Hon. Gentleman to order, the 
 language was unparliamentary, and he appealed to the 
 Chair for protection. The Speaker (Addington) said it was 
 unparliamentary to impute improper motives to any Hon. 
 Gentleman, and the House would wait for the Right Hon. 
 Gentlemans explanation. Pitt replied, 44 He was afraid 
 the House must wait for a long while before they heard 
 such an explanation as was demanded of him, for he must 
 adhere to his former declaration,” which he repeated. 
 44 He knew that he had no right to impute motives to the 
 language used by the Honourable Gentleman, however im- 
 possible it might be not to suspect such motives . He must 
 say, he would neither retract, nor further explain his former 
 expressions.”* Mr. Tierney immediately withdrew from 
 the House, which ought to have been a sufficient indica- 
 tion to the Speaker of what would take place, and he 
 should have exerted the authority of the Chair to constrain 
 each party to give a pledge that no hostile proceeding 
 should ensue. 
 
 On the next day, Saturday, May 26, as the Speaker 
 was dining with Lord Grosvenor, a letter was brought 
 him from Pitt, stating that he had received a hostile mes- 
 sage from Mr. Tierney, and requesting to see him. The 
 Speaker immediately repaired to Downing Street. 44 On 
 my arrival,” he says, “I found Pitt had just made his 
 will.” — See Pellew^s 44 Life of Lord Sidmouth.” 
 
 On Sunday, May 2? 5 at three o’clock in the afternoon, 
 Mr. Pitt, accompanied by Mr. Ryder, and Mr. Tierney by 
 
 * Hansard’s Debates, vol. 35. pp. 1460 — 62. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 139 
 
 Mr. George Walpole, met, by appointment, on Wimbledon 
 Common.* After some ineffectual attempts on the part of 
 the seconds to prevent further proceedings, the parties took 
 their ground, at the distance of Twelve paces. A case of 
 pistols was fired at the same moment, without effect : a 
 second case was also fired in the same way. Mr. Pitt fired 
 his second pistol in the air. The seconds then interfered, 
 and insisted that the matter should go no further, it being 
 their decided opinion that sufficient satisfaction had been 
 given, and that the business was ended with perfect honour 
 to both parties.” — See “ Pellew^s Life of Lord Sidmouth.” 
 
 On the following Wednesday, May 30, Mr. Wilberforce 
 gave notice of his intention to bring the subject before Par- 
 liament, with a view to prevent the recurrence of a similar 
 event. Mr. Pitt addressed a letter to him, from which the fol- 
 lowing is an extract : — u Downing-street, May 30, 1798. — 
 Whatever may be your general sentiments on subjects of 
 this nature, they can have acquired no new force, or 
 additional argument from any thing that has passed in this 
 transaction. You must be supposed to bring it forward 
 with reference to the individual case. In doing so you will 
 be accessory to loading one of the parties with unfair and 
 unmerited obloquy. With respect to the other party, 
 myself, I feel it a real duty to say to you, frankly, that 
 your motion is one for my removal. If any step on the sub- 
 ject is proposed in Parliament, and agreed to, I shall feel 
 from that moment that I can be of more use out of office 
 than in it; for in it, according to the feelings I entertain, 
 I could be of none. I state to you, as I think I ought, 
 distinctly and explicitly, what I feel. I hope I need not 
 
 * The Annual Register, and the Editor of Hansard’s Parliamentary De- 
 bates, erroneously state the duel to have taken place on Putney Heath. 
 Speaker Addington pointed out the exact spot to his son-in-law Pellew. “ The 
 duel occurred in the hollow beneath the windmill which crowns the Common, 
 and at some little distance to the left of the high road, where it descends the 
 hill towards Kingston, and on the spot in which he himself stood awaiting the 
 result.” — Pellew’s “ Life of Lord Sidmouth,” vol. i. p. 206. 
 
140 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 repeat what I always feel personally to yourself” — Wilber- 
 force’s Life, vol. ii. p. 28 1, — Pitt’s threat of resignation 
 induced Wilberforce to relax the sternness of his determi- 
 nation to discharge this moral and political duty. He 
 abandoned his motion, and contented himself with enter- 
 ing in his Diary, at the bottom of Pitt’s letter — 66 Strange 
 length to which he carries the point of honour.” 
 
 “ The Speaker was censured at the time, especially by 
 the Opposition, for not having insisted on a more satisfac- 
 tory explanation from Mr. Pitt, This was said to have 
 been the only occasion on which he had erred in judgment, 
 or failed to enforce the authority of the House, and cer- 
 tainly it does appear doubtful whether, in his anxiety lest 
 he should make the matter worse by interference, he 
 exerted his influence sufficiently.’’ — Pellew^’s Life of Lord 
 Sidmouth, vol. i. p. 204. Such is the lenient stricture of 
 his biographer, who would have represented the public 
 feeling more correctly, if he had said, the Speaker was 
 universally censured, and his presence near the scene of 
 the duel was considered an aggravation of the original 
 error. “ Some one,” said Addington, observed that the 
 Speaker knew of the meeting, and ought to have prevented 
 it but Lord Chatham remarked, es that I could not have 
 taken any step so injurious to his family ; in fact, as I had 
 received the information from Pitt himself, my interfering 
 would have looked too much like collusion.” Vol. i. p. 205. 
 
 It seems extraordinary that the Speaker’s nerves, or his 
 judgment should have failed him on this occasion. He 
 had given many proofs of his strict impartiality and inde- 
 pendence. On the 25th of May, 1?92, in the debate on 
 the celebrated Proclamation against Seditious Publications, 
 Mr. Grey (afterwards Earl Grey), made a most acrimo- 
 nious attack on Pitt. He said — “ One intention of the 
 Proclamation seemed to be to divide the Opposition. It 
 was a measure contrived by him, whose supreme delight 
 was to see discord supersede harmony among those who 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 141 
 
 opposed his measures ; by him whose whole political life 
 was a tissue of constant inconsistency, of assertion and 
 retraction ; by him who never proposed a measure without 
 intending to deceive his hearers, promising every thing, 
 but performing nothing, and perpetually breaking his word 
 with the public ; who studied all the arts of captivating 
 popularity, without ever intending to deserve it ; and who 
 was a complete apostate from the very commencement of 
 his political life ; by him whose malignity sought its grati- 
 fication in the separation of the dearest of friends, and 
 whose whole conduct was an uninterrupted series of con- 
 temptuous disdain towards the rights of the people, and 
 the privileges of that House. Mr. Grey was repeatedly 
 called to order, but suffered to proceed by the Speaker, 
 who did not think his language disorderly.” Rivingtorfis 
 Annual Register for 1792, vol. i. p. 376. The Speaker, 
 who thus decided, cannot be suspected of having had a dis- 
 position to succumb to the Minister, or of improperly con- 
 sulting his personal feelings. 
 
 When Mr. Pitt had complied with the despotism of 
 custom, and given the satisfaction required by a barbarous 
 code of honour, it would have been more consonant with 
 true dignity if he had retracted the injurious imputation 
 which he must have known to be groundless,* but his pride 
 overcame his magnanimity. No one ever passed through 
 
 * It was generally reported at the time that Pitt had partaken rather too 
 freely of the convivialities of the dinner-table on the afternoon of the debate 
 which gave rise to the duel. 
 
 u Narratur et Prisci Catonis 
 
 Saepe Mero caluisse Virtus. ,, 
 
 Occurrences of this sort were not unfrequent in those days with Members of 
 the House of Commons. The Rolliad has a pointed allusion to a scene of this 
 description in an epigram on Pitt and Dundas. 
 
 “ I can’t see the Speaker, Hal ; can you ?” 
 
 “ Not see the Speaker, Will ? why I see two.” 
 
 Gillray has several caricatures on the symposia of Pitt and Dundas. 
 
142 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 a long parliamentary career with a higher character for 
 political worth, or more respected by friends or opponents, 
 than Tierney did. 
 
 After Tierney’s death, the most honourable tribute was 
 paid to his memory by the Duke of Wellington, to whom 
 Tierney had always been opposed in politics. In thejde- 
 port of the Select Committee of the House of Commons 
 on Pensions, we find, under the head of Pensions granted 
 in connexion with Political and Parliamentary Services, 
 the following entry — “Tierney, Anna Maria, aged 73, 
 widow of the late Right Hon. George Tierney ; this pen- 
 sion was unsolicited , and was recommended to the Crown 
 by his Grace the Duke of Wellington, then at the head of 
 the Government. ” — Page 42. 
 
 202 . 
 
 OPPOSITION TELEGRAPHS; or, THE LITTLE 
 SECOND-SIGHTED LAWYER GIVING A TRUE 
 SPECIMEN OF PATRIOTIC INFORMATION. 
 
 June 23rd, 1798. 
 
 JEKYLL. 
 
 Early in May, 1798, the English Government deter- 
 mined to send a naval and military expedition to Ostend, 
 under the command of Captain Sir Home Popham and 
 Major-General Coote, <e for the purpose of blowing up the 
 basin, gates, and sluices of the Canal of Bruges, and destroy- 
 ing the internal navigation between Holland, Flanders, and 
 France/’ The wind proved extremely unfavourable to the 
 operations of the squadron, and caused considerable delay. 
 On the 18th they had anchored in the Ostend Roads ; and, 
 as the weather appeared something more favourable, Sir 
 Home Popham had made the signal to approach the coast, 
 when the wind suddenly veered, and threatened to blow so 
 violently against them, that Sir Home Popham and Gene- 
 ral Coote were deliberating, whether it would not be better 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 143 
 
 to go to sea, and wait for a more favourable opportunity ; 
 “ when a boat from the Vigilant so convinced us/ 5 says 
 Sir Home Popham, “ of the small force at Ostend, Nieu- 
 port, and Bruges, that General Coote begged he might be 
 landed, to accomplish the great object of destroying the 
 Canal, even if the surf should prevent his retreat being so 
 successful as I could wish.”* Early in the morning 
 of the 19th, about a thousand men were landed, many 
 of them before they were discovered. The greatest spirit 
 and energy animated the troops, and General Coote 
 completely succeeded in accomplishing the object of the 
 expedition. The troops then commenced their retreat 
 to their ships, and had proceeded as far as the Sand 
 hills, when the wind blew a hurricane, and the vio- 
 lence of the surf rendered it impossible to re-embark a 
 single man. They then made every possible exertion to 
 entrench themselves, and strengthen their position. They 
 passed an anxious night, hoping the wind might abate in 
 the morning, and enable them to regain their ships. But 
 the winds and the surf were adverse. “ Both Coote and 
 I thought,” says Colonel Burrard, in a letter to Captain 
 Popham, “ that if we could not get off at day-break, we 
 should be surrounded by a host of enemies. — Too truly. — 
 When the day was clear, one large column appeared in 
 front — four more with horse artillery attacked us in dif- 
 ferent directions. The action lasted nearly two hours, 
 when, surrounded on all sides, we found we could do no 
 more.” They capitulated., General Coote and Major 
 Donkin were severely wounded, and Colonel Campbell 
 killed. The total loss, including seamen, amounted to 
 about 100 killed and wounded, and 900 taken prisoners. 
 “The object of the expedition,” says Lieut.-Colonel Warde, 
 “ was completed by burning a number of boats destined 
 for the invasion of England, and by so completely destroy - 
 
 * See Sir Home Popham’s Dispatch, dated May 20, 1798. 
 
 L 
 
144 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 ing the Locks, Basin, and Gates of the Bruges Canal,* that 
 it was this morning (May 20) without a drop of water; 
 and as I understand all the Transports fitting out at 
 Flushing were intended to be brought to Os tend and Dun- 
 kirk by the inland navigation, to avoid our cruisers, that 
 arrangement will be defeated, and it will be a long time 
 before the works can be repaired, as they were jive years in 
 finishing , and were esteemed the most complete works of the 
 kind in Europe” 
 
 In this Print Jekyll is represented working a 
 Telegraph, erected on the top of the Morning 
 Chronicle Office ; impatient to obtain the 
 earliest intelligence respecting the result of 
 the Expedition to destroy the Canal of Bruges. 
 
 On the 20th of June he exclaims : Ay, now let us see 
 
 what are the fruits of this miserable Expedition ! Ay, I 
 see that the intelligence I had from Bruges was of un- 
 doubted authority ! Yes, yes, our informations are always 
 to be depended upon ! Ay, sure enough, there’s the great 
 Sluice of Sluykens, which was the great object of the 
 Expedition, has not been blown up ; the damages have all 
 been repaired in a week, and the Canal now as full as at 
 any former period ! O Lord ! O Lord ! this is the way 
 that poor John Bulks money goes ! ! ! ” 
 
 On the 21st he exclaims : — Why, what the devil do I 
 see ? Zounds ! why, here^s incontestable evidence that the 
 Sluices are all destroyed ! The masonry all blown up ! and 
 the navigation of the Canal at an end. O Lord, what 
 damages they have done ! Why, it canT be repaired by 
 any efforts in less than twelve months. Mercy upon me ! 
 What will my Lord Malagridaf say, when I tell him about 
 this business ?” 
 
 * The Canal of Bruges was about thirteen miles long, and in most parts 
 nearly one hundred yards wide. It formed one of the most important re- 
 ceptacles for the boats and other craft destined for the invasion of England. 
 
 t Marquis of Lansdowne. This appellation, derived from the name of the 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 145 
 
 Personal Satires and Political Caricatures, which excited 
 the laughter and merriment of contemporaries, from the 
 felicity and pungency of the allusions, frequently become 
 obscure and nearly unintelligible in the next generation. 
 That is the case in the present instance. The Caricature 
 .alludes to statements made in the House of Commons by 
 Jekyll, on the 20th and 21st of June, 1798, of which no 
 record is to be found in Hansard’s Debates. The gallery 
 of the House was ordered to be cleared on the former day, 
 and the editor of Hansard has most strangely omitted all 
 notice of the proceedings of the House on the 21st of 
 June. On the 20th, Jekyll stated, in the course of his 
 speech, that the Expedition to Ostend had virtually failed, 
 as the damage done to the Canal of Bruges could be re- 
 paired in a very short time. On the meeting of the House 
 on the following day, Jekyll said : “ He hoped the House 
 would give him credit when he said, that nothing could 
 give him more pain, than to make any representation that 
 was not well founded. Yesterday he stated in the House, 
 from the authority of letters he had seen, and which were 
 received in London, that the Canal and works at Ostend, 
 the destruction of which was the object of the late Expe- 
 dition thither, had not been effected ; that we had not put 
 an end to that Canal. He had, however, this morning 
 received information from a distinguished officer (Captain 
 Popham), assuring him that his statement of yesterday 
 was erroneous, and that officer gave him evidence from 
 various quarters. He had no ocular demonstration of the 
 fact himself, for he remained on board ; but he referred 
 to an American officer, who had, and he declared that the 
 
 celebrated Portuguese Jesuit Malagrida, was first given to Lord Shelburne 
 (Marquis of Lansdowne), by Junius, who, in a letter to the Public Advertiser, 
 under the signature of “ Corregio,” dated Sept. 1, 1767, characterizes him as 
 “ Heir apparent to Loyola — a perfect Malagrida.” Our readers may recollect 
 the unfortunate speech addressed by Goldsmith to Lord Shelburne, with his 
 usual simplicity and characteristic blundering, “ I wonder why they call you 
 Malagrida, for Malagrida was a good man.” 
 
 L 2 
 
146 
 
 GILLRAY S CARICATURES. 
 
 works were blown up, and entirely demolished ; that the 
 navigation of the Canal was entirely put an end to, and 
 that there was no current of water there now, except at the 
 flowing of the tide ; and that the works cannot be put in a 
 state of repair in less than twelve months. He thought it 
 necessary to say this, lest it should go abroad, as he had 
 stated yesterday, that the object of the Expedition was not 
 attained ; he did this to quiet the mind of the gallant 
 officers in the Expedition, and the more so, as the Com- 
 mander-in-chief, General Coote, was there wounded. He 
 was aware the former information he had received, and 
 which he had stated in the House, would give pain to 
 every feeling mind in the country. He was now persuaded, 
 that the work of that expedition was fully done, as far as 
 depended on the gallant persons concerned in it.” 
 
 Mr. Secretary Dun das said after this, “ No man could 
 have any idea that the work was not done, nor was it 
 possible to say that the Hon. Gentleman had mis-stated 
 the thing wilfully.” 
 
 Gillray has frequently introduced Jekyll into the series 
 of his Political Prints, it may therefore be proper to make 
 a few remarks respecting him. He was descended from 
 an eminent lawyer, Sir Joseph Jekyll, Master of the Rolls 
 in the reign of George I. He was himself a barrister, and 
 practised at the common law bar. By the friendship and 
 influence of Lord Shelburne (first Marquis of Lansdowne) 
 he was one of the representatives for Caine for a long series 
 of years. His parliamentary speeches were enlivened by 
 wit, and enforced by cogency of argument. The gaiety of 
 his conversation, his bon mots , entertaining puns, and 
 agreeable manners, made his company much sought after 
 by the best society. He was a great favourite of the Prince 
 of Wales, and frequently a guest at Carlton House. 
 
 In the spring of 1815, a Mastership in Chancery having 
 become vacant, the Prince Regent was unremitting in his 
 application to Lord Eldon to confer the appointment on 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 14 ? 
 
 Jekyll ; but he could not obtain his reluctant consent be- 
 fore June. Some of the circumstances attending his 
 appointment to the office are so singular and whimsical, 
 that we shall relate them nearly in the words of Lord 
 Eldon, as given in his Anecdote Book, or in his account 
 to his relative, Mrs. Forster. 
 
 “The fact is, Jekyll was a great favourite with every- 
 body. Everybody wished him to be well provided for in a 
 proper way. Nobody wished it more than I did. But I 
 hesitated weeks and months before I made the appoint- 
 ment. His most anxious and most powerful well-wisher 
 was the Prince Regent, who was very much attached to 
 him, and with whom Jekyll had spent many convivial 
 hours. He was a person of great humour and wit, and 
 indulged himself in manifesting his wit and humour to a 
 very considerable extent, and, I believe, without ever 
 having said an ill-natured, provoking, or rude thing of or 
 to any man,* whilst he was so indulging himself. The 
 Prince Regent, after having repeatedly applied to me at 
 Carlton House to appoint Jekyll the Master without effect, 
 and having observed that a man of his sense would soon 
 be able to learn his business, at length took the following 
 step in furtherance of his purpose. He came alone to my 
 house in Bedford Square ; upon the servant opening the 
 door, the Prince observed, that as the Chancellor had the 
 gout, he knew he must be at home ; he therefore desired 
 he might be shown to the room where the Chancellor was. 
 
 * The Chancellor’s brother, however, seems to have been annoyed at what 
 most men would have considered a harmless pleasantry. On Sir William Scott’s 
 marriage with the Marchioness of Sligo, he had two brass plates placed on his 
 street door. On an upper compartment was one bearing the name of the Mar- 
 chioness of Sligo ; on the other, in a lower compartment, was the name of Sir 
 W. Scott. Jekyll, meeting Sir W. Scott shortly after, said to him, “ I had 
 the pleasure of leaving my card at your house the other day. I found you 
 had already began to knock under.” Sir William, on his return home, or- 
 dered his servant to have the position of the plates reversed. 
 
148 
 
 gillr^y’s caricatures. 
 
 My servants told the Prince I was much too ill to be seen. 
 He, however, pressed to be admitted, and they respect- 
 fully informed him that they had positive orders to admit 
 no one. Upon which he asked to be shown the staircase, 
 which they could not refuse to do. He immediately 
 ascended, and pointed first to one door, and then to an- 
 other, asking, 4 Is this your master’s room ?’ They answered 
 4 No,’ until he came to the right one, upon which he 
 opened the door, and seated himself by my bedside. Well, 
 I was surprised to see his Royal Highness, and inquired 
 his pleasure, he said he had come to request that I would 
 appoint Jekyll to the vacant Mastership in Chancery. I 
 respectfully answered, that I deeply regretted his Royal 
 Highness should ask that, for 1 could not comply. He 
 inquired why ? Simply because, in my opinion, Mr. 
 Jekyll was totally unqualified to discharge the duties of the 
 office ; he continued to urge his request, and I said I could 
 never agree. His Royal Highness suddenly threw himself 
 back in the chair, exclaiming. 4 How 1 do pity Lady 
 Eldon !’ Good God ! I said, what is the matter? ‘ Nothing,’ 
 answered the Prince, 4 except that she never will see you 
 again, for here I shall sit in this chair until you promise to 
 make Jekyll a Master in Chancery.’ Well, I was obliged 
 at length to give in, I could not help it. However,” added 
 Lord Eldon, ‘ 4 Jekyll got on capitally. One of my friends 
 met him after he was appointed, and asked him, how in 
 the world he came to be picked out for that office, and he 
 answered, 4 he supposed it was because he was the most 
 unfit man in the country.’ Now you see the very con- 
 sciousness of his want of ability led him in all difficult 
 cases to consult two or three other Masters in Chancery, 
 and being guided by two or three experienced heads, never 
 went wrong. He continued in office a considerable time, 
 till indisposition and age obliged him to retire upon the 
 usual pension. I met him in the street the day after his 
 retirement, when, according to his usual manner, he ad- 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 149 
 
 dressed me in a joke, Yesterday, Lord Chancellor, I was 
 your Master, to- day I am my own.’ 
 
 ^We have already spoken of JekylPs colloquial talents, it 
 only remains to add, he sometimes indulged in epigram- 
 matic effusions. We can only afford space for one spe- 
 cimen connected with a branch of his profession. 
 
 ON THE SERJEANTS-AT-LAW. 
 
 “ The serjeants are a grateful race. 
 
 Their dress and language show it ; 
 
 Their purple robes from Tyre we trace, 
 
 Their arguments go to it.” 
 
 203. 
 
 LE COUP DE MAITRE. November 24th, 1797- 
 
 FOX. 
 
 On the revolutionary principles attributed to the Whigs, 
 and the ultimate designs which were still ascribed to their 
 leader. Fox, who, it was pretended, aimed at nothing less 
 than the subversion of the Constitution. 
 
 204. 
 
 UNITED IRISHMEN IN TRAINING. June 12,1798. 
 
 On the Irish Rebellion of 1798. This print requires 
 little explanation. 
 
 205. 
 
 UNITED IRISHMEN UPON DUTY. 
 
 June 12 thy 1798. 
 
 A sequel to the foregoing. It is rather an exaggerated 
 picture of the horrors which attended, or rather which 
 were expected to attend the sanguinary Rebellion of 1798. 
 French revolutionary principles are here brought into full 
 play, in the shape of plunder, rape, and murder, and every 
 description of outrage and devastation. 
 
 * See Twiss’s Life of Lord Eldon, vol. ii. p. 266 — 268. 
 
150 
 
 GILLRAY’s CARICATURES. 
 
 206 . 
 
 PIG’S MEAT; OR, THE SWINE FLOGGED OUT 
 OF THE FARM YARD. June 22nd, 1798. 
 
 NIC ROLLS. LORI) DERBY. DUKE OF NORFOLK. FOX. 
 
 TIERNEY. DUKE OF BEDFORD. ERSKINE. BURDETT. 
 
 PITT. DUNDAS. M. A. TAYLOR. 
 
 Pitt and Dundas driving the Opposition Pigs, the re- 
 presentatives of the “ swinish multitude/’ out of John 
 Bull’s farm-yard. 
 
 In all the speeches and writings of Burke, there was no 
 phrase or sentiment which was so bandied about, or pro- 
 voked such general indignation, as the term “ swinish 
 multitude,” applied to the people. It was denounced 
 in public meetings, clubs, and epigrams, and assailed in 
 every variety of shape and form. The expression was 
 more keenly resented as proceeding from one who had uni- 
 formly justified the revolt of the Americans, and triumphed 
 at the success of their arms ; ee Who had rejoiced with 
 Fox at the victories of a Washington, and sympathized 
 with him almost to tears at the fate of a Montgomery.” 
 (See Hansard’s Debates, vol. 29, p. 379.) A seditious 
 incendiary, of the name of Thomas Spence, who kept a 
 small bookseller’s shop in Little Turnstile, Holborn, and 
 was also a dealer in copper coins, published a series of 
 cheap tracts, entitled “ Pig’s Meat;” and as a Lion’s 
 Head* was placed before the door of the publisher of the 
 Spectator, to receive the contributions of correspondents 
 in its mouth, so Spence placed a trough before his own 
 door, as a recipient for contributions to “ Pig’s Meat.’’ 
 He also struck a medalet, on the obverse of which was, 
 
 A PIG TRAMPLING UPON EMBLEMS OF ROYALTY AND 
 
 religion ; the cap of liberty radiated above ; the legend, 
 tc Pig’s Meat, published by T. Spence, London.” 
 A copy of this is preserved in Sir George Chetwynd’s 
 
 * Now in the possession of the Duke of Bedford, at Woburn. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 151 
 
 Collection. Spence was prosecuted for high treason, con- 
 victed, and sentenced to stand in the pillory, and be im- 
 prisoned seven months. To commemorate this, he struck 
 a medalet ; on the obverse is a bust in profile, 1794 ; the 
 legend, “T. Spence, seven months imprisoned for high 
 treason." (See Sharp’s Catalogue Raisonne of Sir G. 
 Chetwynd’s most interesting and valuable collection of 
 Copper Coins, Medalets, &c. 4to.p. 144, Privately printed, 
 1834.) These inflammatory medalets were industriously 
 circulated by Spence, Daniel Isaac Eaton, and other kin- 
 dred spirits. 
 
 The celebrated expression, “swinish multitude," 
 occurs in Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution of France, 
 where speaking of the destruction of the French nobility 
 and clergy, he predicts that learning will soon follow in 
 their train. “Nothing is more certain, than that our 
 manners, our civilization, and all the good things which 
 are connected with manners and with civilization, have, in 
 this world of ours, depended for ages upon two principles 
 and were indeed the result of both combined ; I mean, the 
 spirit of a gentleman, and the spirit of religion. The 
 nobility and the clergy , the one by profession, the other 
 by patronage, kept learning in existence , even in the midst 
 of arms and confusions, and whilst Governments were 
 rather in their causes than formed. Learning paid back 
 what it had received to Nobility and to Priesthood, and 
 paid it with usury, by enlarging their ideas, and by furnish- 
 ing their minds. Happy if they had all continued to 
 know their indissoluble union, and their proper place ! 
 Happy if Learning, not debauched by ambition, had been 
 satisfied to continue the instructor, and not aspired to be 
 the master ! Along with its natural protectors and guar- 
 dians, Learning will be cast into the mire , and trodden 
 down under the hoofs of a swinish multitude."* 
 
 * In Burke’s own copy of his Works, his Son had inserted the following 
 note in manuscript : “ See the fate of Bailly and Condorcet, supposed to be 
 
152 
 
 GILLRAY^S caricatures. 
 
 207. 
 
 NIGHTLY VISITORS AT ST. ANNE’S HILL. 
 
 Sept. 21 st, 1798. 
 
 FOX. LORD EDWARD FITZGERALD. 
 
 Fox, aroused from his sleep, has started up in his bed, 
 horror-struck at the apparition of Lord Edward Fitzgerald, 
 who thus addresses him : — 
 
 “ Who first seduc’d my youthful mind from virtue ? 
 
 Who plann’d my treason, and who caus’d my death ? 
 
 Remember poor Lord Edward, and despair ! ! !” 
 
 Fox answers — 
 
 “ Why dost thou shake thy gory locks at me ? 
 
 Dear, bravest, worthiest, noblest, best of men ! 
 
 Thou canst not say I did it.” 
 
 Around his room are seen the headless bodies of Quigley, 
 Shears, &c. The Confessions of Arthur O’Connor are 
 suspended over Fox*s head, and “ The Plan of the Irish 
 Rebellion” lays by his side. All these are, of course, 
 intended to imply that Fox and the leading members of the 
 Opposition* had been the authors and abettors of the 
 recent Irish Rebellion. 
 
 Lord Edward Fitzgerald was the fifth son of the first 
 Duke of Leinster, by his wife Emilia Mary, daughter of 
 Charles, second Duke of Richmond ; he was born the 15 th 
 
 here alluded to. Compare the circumstances of the trial and execution of the 
 former with this prediction.” After Burke’s death, his executors inserted 
 this note in their first edition of his Works, stating that it was approved by 
 Mr. Burke, and illustrated his meaning. 
 
 * More than half a century having elapsed since the detection of the 
 conspiracy of the United Irishmen, it may be convenient that the reader 
 should be reminded that neither Reynolds, the original informer, nor Arthur 
 O’Connor, nor any of his confederates, ever implicated any of the English 
 Opposition in any connection with the Society of United Irishmen, or know- 
 ledge of their real objects, which were to overturn the Irish Government, and 
 establish a republic in that kingdom. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 153 
 
 of October, 1733; his father died in 1773. Not long 
 after, his mother married William Ogilvie, Esq , a gentle- 
 man of an ancient family in Scotland. Young Edward’s 
 education was thenceforward principally superintended by 
 Mr. Ogilvie. tC As the youth,” says Moore, ee was from 
 the first intended for the military profession, to the studies 
 connected with that pursuit his preceptor principally di- 
 rected his attention. Luckily, the tastes of the young 
 learner coincided with the destiny marked out for him, and 
 in all that related to the science of military construction, 
 — the laying out of camps, fortifications, &c., he was early 
 a student and a proficient.” In 1779, he commenced his 
 military career in the Sussex Militia, of which his uncle, 
 the Duke of Richmond, was Colonel. A youth of his 
 aspiring ambition was not likely to remain long contented 
 with the inglorious campaigns of the Sussex Militia, 
 though even there he had an early opportunity of display- 
 ing his knowledge of castrametation, for “the persons 
 intrusted with the task of making the encampment having 
 proved themselves wholly incompetent, with the permis- 
 sion of his uncle he undertook and performed it to the 
 surprise and satisfaction of the regiment,” In the autumn 
 of 1780, a Lieutenancy was procured for him in the 96th 
 Regiment of Foot, but he exchanged into the 19th early in 
 1781. His regiment was ordered to America, and in June 
 he landed at Charlestown. He soon had an opportunity of 
 achieving “ a service which was not brilliant, but useful, 
 and brought him both honour and reward.” His Colonel 
 having retreated before General Lee, Lord Edward Fitz- 
 gerald, who was upon the rear-guard, covering the retreat 
 of the regiment, kept the American corps in check till he 
 was able to break up a small wooden bridge over a creek, 
 which completely prevented pursuit by the enemy. Lord 
 Rawdon (afterwards Lord Moira) was so pleased with this 
 readiness of resource in so young an officer, that he imme- 
 diately appointed him an aide-de-camp on his staff. He 
 
154 gillray's caricatures. 
 
 remained in America till the termination of the war ; at the 
 peace he returned to Ireland, and was elected Member for 
 the borough of Athy, then in the nomination of the Duke 
 of Leinster. At this time he found Parliamentary life very 
 insipid. Nearly about the same time he became enamoured 
 of Lady Catharine Mead, second daughter of the Earl of 
 Clanwilliam, and afterwards married to Lord Powerscourt. 
 He subsequently formed another attachment. Moore only 
 designates the young lady by the initial G***. The Duke 
 of Richmond, who felt a strong interest in both parties, 
 endeavoured to promote the union ; but her father, con- 
 sidering Lord Edward’s fortune totally inadequate to the 
 maintenance of a wife and family in a style of the elegant 
 competence to which his daughter had been accustomed, 
 peremptorily forbade him his house. His spirits sank 
 every day more and more under the disappointment, and 
 he resolved to join his regiment (now the 54th), at New 
 Brunswick, in Nova Scotia. 
 
 It is not our purpose to trace his operations during his 
 residence in New Brunswick, or his excursions among the 
 savage tribes ; we introduce the subject for the purpose 
 of stating that this was the period in which he first con- 
 tracted his republican principles, and imbibed the partiality 
 for equality in society. His disappointments in love seem 
 to have had an influence over this preference. In a letter 
 to his mother, dated Frederick’s Town, New Brunswick, 
 Sept. 2, 1778, he says, (e Savages enjoy the love and com- 
 pany of their wives, relations, and friends, without any 
 interference of interests or ambition to separate them. To 
 bring things home to oneself, if we had been Indians, 
 instead of its being my duty to separate from all of you, 
 it would be my duty to be with you, to make you comfort- 
 able, and to hunt and fish for you ; instead of Lord G*** 
 being violent against letting me marry G***, he would be 
 glad to give her to me, that I might maintain and feed 
 her: no cares for children, — no devilish politics, &c.” 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 155 
 
 (See Moore’s Life of Lord Edward.) He returned to 
 England in 1790, and contrary to his mother’s earnest 
 remonstrances, the Duke of Leinster returned his brother 
 Edward to the Irish Parliament for the borough of Kil- 
 dare. 
 
 In October, 1792, he went to Paris. He tells his 
 mother, “ I lodge with my friend Paine.* We breakfast, 
 dine, and sup together. At Paris he saw the beautiful and 
 accomplished lady, then known and celebrated by the name 
 of Pamela, and who was designated by the surname of 
 Sims ; but was really the daughter of the Duke of Orleans 
 (Philippe Egalite), by Madame Genlis. In less than a 
 month they were married at Tournay. Philippe Egalite, 
 his son Louis Philippe (the Count de Neuilly), and 
 Madame Genlis were present at the nuptials, and were 
 attesting witnesses to it. On November the 18th, Lord 
 Edward attended a Public dinner of the English at Paris 
 to celebrate the triumph of the French armies. The most 
 violent Republican toasts were drank ; among others, 
 u May the Patriotic Airs of the German legion Ca ira, the 
 Carmagnole, and the Marsellaise Hymn become the fa- 
 vourite music of every army ; and may the soldier and the 
 citizen join in the chorus.” As soon as this was known 
 in England, he was dismissed from the army. 
 
 In January, 1793, he arrived in London with his young 
 bride. He now plunged into politics. He had unfortu- 
 nately formed a friendship with Arthur O’Connor, but it 
 is believed that it was not till about the beginning of the 
 year 1796 that Lord Edward became a member of the 
 Society of United Irishmen, one of the most formidable 
 conspiracies ever formed against the Irish Government, 
 and if it had not been ultimately betrayed by one of the 
 confederates (Reynolds), might have deluged Ireland in 
 blood, and endangered the existence of the Government. 
 
 * The Author of the Rights of Man, &c. 
 
156 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 Lord Edward’s military knowledge rendered his accession 
 a most important acquisition to the Society. Hencefor- 
 ward he was one of the principal advisers and organisers 
 of that body. He was appointed to accompany Arthur 
 O’Connor to Hamburgh to negociate with the French 
 Directory for the invasion of Ireland. The failure of 
 General Hoche’s expedition is well known. O’Connor, in 
 company with Quigley, attempted to go to Paris by the 
 way of Calais. They were arrested at Dover for high 
 treason. Quigley was convicted and hanged. O’Connor 
 was acquitted, but instantly arrested in the dock by a war- 
 rant from the Duke of Portland, and sent to Ireland. 
 Being now convinced that Government was in possession 
 of the fullest proofs of his guilt, and alarmed for the safety 
 of his life, he, with several others, entered into terms with 
 the Government, and made a full disclosure of every thing 
 connected with the conspiracy. Lord Edward was sensible 
 of his imminent danger, and the fatal consequences which 
 must attend his capture. With the greatest skill he for a 
 long time eluded pursuit ; perhaps, however, partly from 
 the great clemency of the Government, and their desire to 
 avoid the public execution of a man of unblemished pri- 
 vate character, brother of the first peer of Ireland, and 
 otherwise highly related. Even Lord Chancellor Clare, 
 usually described as stern and inexorable, in an interview 
 with Lord Edward’s father-in-law, Mr. Ogilvie, expressed 
 himself, says Moore, with the most friendly warmth on 
 the subject, “ For God’s sake get this young man out of the 
 country ; the ports shall he thrown open to you , and no 
 hinderance offered .” A most generous offer ! But Lord 
 Edward was immoveable. In vain Mr. Ogilvie tried every 
 means of argument and persuasion ; he replied, It is now 
 out of the question ; I am too deeply pledged to these men 
 to be able to withdraw with honour.” No alternative 
 remained to the Government. A proclamation, offering 
 a thousand pounds for his arrest was issued, and in May, 
 
POLITICAL SERIES* 
 
 157 
 
 17 & 8 , he was discovered and arrested at the house of 
 Murphy, a feather merchant, in Thomas Street, Dublin. 
 Lord Edward Fitzgerald had only just finished his dinner 
 with Murphy and Neilson, and retired to his bed-room, 
 and laid down on his bed without his coat, when the Town 
 Major Sirr, Major Swan, who was a magistrate, and Mr. 
 Ryan, the publisher of FaulkeneFs Journal, entered the 
 room. Lord Edward shot Mr. Ryan in the stomach (the 
 wound proved mortal), and wounded Swan with a dagger 
 in two places. Lord Edward was himself wounded in the 
 right arm, by a pistol discharged at him by Major Sirr, 
 and after lingering a considerable time, died on the 3rd of 
 June from the effects of the wound. 
 
 It is difficult to sketch a character of this unfortunate 
 nobleman, who in private life was uniformly courteous, 
 frank, conciliatory and generous, a good son, an affec- 
 tionate brother, and a most tender husband and fond 
 father. The latter portion of his public life unfortunately 
 presents a melancholy contrast : 
 
 “We scarcely can praise him, or blame him too much.” 
 
 A writer in the Quarterly Review (we believe Mr. 
 Croker) writes thus : Johnson said, that he c delighted in 
 
 that intellectual chemistry, which can separate good quali- 
 ties from evil in the same person/ It is easy to make this 
 separation in the case of Lord Edward Fitzgerald. In his 
 private relations the generosity of his better nature were 
 manifest; his errors (to use the lightest term) are fatally 
 exemplified in that portion of his life which belongs un- 
 happily to the history of his country.” — (Quarterly Review, 
 vol. xliv. p. 213.) 
 
 He must have been an extraordinary man, who could 
 conciliate the esteem of men of such different views 
 and opinions Party feelings too often embitter the 
 conduct of political opponents, and dismember private 
 friendships. The Prince of Wales was anxious to interfere 
 
158 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 in his behalf, and declared he would have written to Lord 
 Chancellor Clare to endeavour to obtain a delay of his 
 trial., until the passions of men should be cooler, but was 
 afraid to do harm.* The Duke of York actually did write 
 to Lord Clare, and was successful in his application^ 
 The Duke of Portland, Secretary of State, wrote con- 
 solatory letters to his family, and sent them bulletins of 
 Lord Edward’s health. We have already stated the 
 unsolicited benevolence of Lord Clare. Major-General 
 Sir John Doyle, under whom he had served, writes thus 
 after his death: “ Of my lamented and ill-fated friend I 
 should never tire of speaking ; I never knew so loveable a 
 person, and every man in the army, from the General to 
 the drummer, would cheer the expression,” It is almost 
 superfluous to say his relatives were overwhelmed with 
 affliction at his unhappy fate.J 
 
 Who does not heave a sigh, and wish that such talents 
 and good qualities had been beneficially employed in 
 upholding the laws, constitution, and real interests of his 
 country. Cum Talis Esset, utinam Noster Esset ! — 
 The affectionate solicitude of his father-in-law, Mr. Ogilvie, 
 for Lord Edward during his life, and his unremitted ex- 
 ertions for the welfare of his widow and children are 
 beyond all praise. By his unwearied perseverance, united 
 with those of Lord Edward’s family, the Prince Regent 
 consented that a Bill should be passed to repeal his 
 attainder. When the Bill was brought into the House of 
 
 * It is pleasing to record that the Prince Regent evinced his regard for the 
 memory of Lord Edward by giving his only son a commission in his own 
 regiment, the 10th, as soon 'as the youth attained his sixteenth year. It is 
 equally pleasing to add he did credit to the appointment. 
 
 f The Duke of York, who had always been much attached to Lord Edward, 
 expressed a wish to obtain some relic of his lamented friend. Mr. Watson 
 Taylor, who had been Private Secretary to Lord Camden, hearing this, pre- 
 sented to him the Rebel uniform of Lord Edward ; what has become of it 
 since the Duke’s death is not known. 
 
 t See Moore’s Life of Lord Edward Fitzgerald, passim. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 159 
 
 t 
 
 Lords, Lord Holland was affected to tears, and pronounced 
 it “ the act of a w r ise, gracious, and high-minded Prince 
 and the Muse of Byron celebrated the royal clemency. 
 
 207*. 
 
 EXTIRPATION OF THE PLAGUES OF EGYPT- 
 DESTRUCTION OF REVOLUTIONARY CRO- 
 CODILES;— or, THE BRITISH HERO CLEAN- 
 SING THE MOUTH OF THE NILE. 
 
 Oct. 6th , 1798. 
 
 NELSON. 
 
 On the battle of the Nile, August 1, 1798. The news 
 of this great event arrived at the beginning of October, on 
 the 4th of which month the metropolis was illuminated. 
 
 208. 
 
 JOHN BULL TAKING A LUNCHEON ; or BRI- 
 TISH COOKS CRAMMING OLD GRUMBLE 
 GIZZARD WITH GOOD CHEER. Oct. 24th , 1798. 
 
 SHERIDAN. FOX. ADMIRALS WARREN, GARDINER, HOWE, 
 BRIDPORT, NELSON, ST. VINCENT, DUNCAN. 
 
 On the splendid victories which crowned the British 
 navy at this period. Fox, Sheridan, and the Whigs, who, 
 it was pretended, sympathized with the republican French, 
 are alarmed in the utmost degree, at the destruction which 
 is going on. 
 
 209. 
 
 NELSON’S VICTORY; or, GOOD NEWS OPE- 
 RATING UPON LOYAL FEELINGS. 
 
 Oct. 3rd , 1798. 
 
 SIR F. BURDETT. DUKE OF NORFOLK. LORD LANSDOWNE. 
 DUKE OF BEDFORD. SHERIDAN. ERSKINE. FOX. 
 
 Another satire on the supposed mortification of the 
 
 M 
 
160 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 Whigs at the destruction of the French fleet. The leaders 
 of the party are expressing their feelings in a variety of 
 different ways. They had predicted a very different ter- 
 mination of the war. 
 
 210 . 
 
 STEALING OFF; or, PRUDENT SECESSION. 
 
 Nov. 6th, 1798. 
 
 SHUCKBOROUGH. ERSK1NE. BURDETT. TIERNEY. SHERIDAN. 
 
 M. a. taylor. fox. lord grey (as a Greyhound.) 
 
 On the secession of Fox from Parliament during this 
 session, to lament, as his party said, in his retirement, the 
 evils which his zeal and talents could not avert. The 
 Tories said, on the contrary, that he had deserted his post, 
 because he could no longer conceal his mortification, that 
 all his endeavours to do mischief had failed; and he is 
 here represented making his exit in a panic, caused by the 
 discoveries of his pretended secret practices with the Irish 
 rebels, and by the recent successes of Government, accom- 
 panied only by his two faithful dogs, Grey and the dimi- 
 nutive M. A. Taylor. Sheridan and the rest of the party 
 keep their places, although thrown into the utmost con- 
 fusion by the overthrow of their hopes. 
 
 211 . 
 
 THE HERO OF THE NILE. Dec. 1st, 1798. 
 
 NELSON. 
 
 The hero of the Nile dressed in and attended with the 
 honours and rewards which were showered upon him for 
 that great achievement. In the month of November Lord 
 Nelson was licensed by royal authority to bear the follow- 
 ing augmentations to his armorial ensigns, viz. “ A chief 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 161 
 
 undulated argent, thereon waves of the sea, from which a 
 palm tree, issuant between a disabled ship on the dexter, 
 and a ruinous battery on the sinister, all proper and, for 
 his crest, “ on a naval crown, or, the chelengk, or plume 
 of triumph,’ 5 presented to him by the Sultan, as an ac- 
 knowledgment of his services in the recent great victory ; 
 with the motto, Palmam qui meruit fer at ;* and to his ori- 
 ginal supporters, which were a sailor on the dexter, and a 
 lion on the sinister, he was allowed the augmentations fol- 
 lowing, viz. i£ In the hand of the sailor, a palm branch, and 
 another in the paw of the lion, both proper, with the addi- 
 tion of a tri-coloured flag and staff in the mouth of the 
 latter. 5 ’ 
 
 Gillray has represented Nelson’s arms, as thus aug- 
 mented, with some slight improvements of his own. 
 
 212 . 
 
 FIGHTING FOR THE DUNGHILL; or, JACK 
 TAR SETTLING BONAPARTE. Nov. 20th, I?98. 
 
 John Bull giving Boney his “ bellyfull.’ 5 This subject 
 needs no explanation. 
 
 213. 
 
 DESTRUCTION OF THE FRENCH COLOSSUS. 
 
 Nov . 1st, 1798. 
 
 Another illustration of the feeling of exultation caused in 
 England by the recent successes of the British flag. The 
 
 * Palman qui meruit ferat. We have often been asked from what author 
 the motto of Lord Nelson’s arms is taken. The words occur in the last stanza 
 of an ode of Jortin, “Ad Ventos,” written in 1727. We will transcribe the 
 passage, that a reader who may not be already acquainted with it, may see the 
 peculiar felicity of the application. 
 
 “ Concurrant pariter ratibus rates : 
 
 Spectent Numina Ponti, et 
 
 Palmau qui meruit, ferat.” 
 
 See Jortin’s Tracts, vol. i. p. 17. 
 
162 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 colossus of French revolutionary tyranny was not, how- 
 ever, yet overthrown, and it required some years to fulfil 
 the anticipations embodied in this allegory. 
 
 214. 
 
 IMPROVEMENT IN WEIGHTS AND MEASURES; 
 or, SIR JOHN SINCLAIR DISCOVERING THE 
 BALANCE OF THE BRITISH FLAG. 
 
 Dec, 1st, 1798. 
 
 SIR JOHN SINCLAIR. 
 
 In this print the tall figure of Sir John Sinclair is 
 seen weighing, with a pair of stilliards, 44 the Navy of 
 England,” with the following inscriptions — “ to be retained, 
 viz. 50,000 Seamen, and half a dozen Ships of War, and 
 6,000,000 Sailors to be sent to plant Potatoes.” 44 Advan- 
 tages of Cold CEconomy.” 44 10,000 heavy Reasons for 
 giving the Enemy a fair Chance of getting out of their 
 Ports .” Vegetables, &c., are attached, and a cap of 
 
 liberty, with a tri-coloured cockade, depends from the bot- 
 tom. Across the beam of the stilliards is inscribed 4 ‘ Vive 
 iAEgalite ;” round the staff of the stilliards the flag of 
 the British navy is entwined. Behind him is seen a 44 A 
 Table of Weights and Measures, laid down upon the true 
 democratic principle of the Stilliards of Egalite.” By his 
 side are 44 Improvement in the Art of Political Dunging,” 
 44 Pursuits of Agriculture,” 44 The Apostate Laird, a Par- 
 liamentary Romance, together with the 44 Loss of the Agri- 
 cultural Chair,”* &c. Sir John Sinclair is astonished to 
 see the British flag in the ascendancy, and completely 
 outweigh the collective objects of his favourite pursuits. 
 
 This spirited caricature was provoked by a speech of 
 
 * An allusion to the Ministers turning him out of the Presidential Chair 
 of the Board of Agriculture. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 163 
 
 Sir John Sinclair on the Navy Estimates on the 27th 
 of November, 1798. On the preceding day Lord Arden, 
 one of the Lords of the Amiralty, had moved that 
 120,000 men be employed for the sea service. The next 
 day, on the bringing up the Report, Sir John said — “ He 
 hesitated not to declare that 110,000 men was the utmost 
 to which we could possibly go, with any attention to pro- 
 priety. The principal grounds on which he rested this 
 opinion was, the ruined state of the French navy, and the 
 skill and spirit uniformly displayed by our own. He 
 urged the necessity of public economy, and the prudence 
 of a gradual disbandment of our soldiers and sailors, and 
 leaving hands sufficient for the purposes of agriculture and 
 commerce.” (See. Hansard, vol. xxxiii. p. 1562.) 
 
 Mr. (afterwards Sir John Sinclair), may justly be ranked 
 amongst the eminent men of the reign of George III. He 
 was born in Thurso Castle, in the county of Caithness, on 
 10th of May, 1754. At the general election in 1780, he 
 was returned to Parliament as representative of his native 
 county, and continued a member of the House of Commons 
 for upwards of thirty years. He entered Parliament un- 
 fettered by party connections, and gave his support to 
 Lord North. He was an assiduous attendant on his Par- 
 liamentary duties, and soon evinced talents, and a know- 
 ledge of business. We shall, however, pass at once to 
 the formation of PitPs administration in 1784, as he 
 then began to take a more active and prominent part in 
 general politics and financial measures. The celebrated 
 Westminster Scrutiny engaged public attention, and 
 was generally condemned by the friends, as well as the 
 opponents, of the Minister. It was viewed as a measure 
 intended to ruin a rival by the enormity of the expense, 
 and each member considered a similar engine, might be 
 employed against himself at some future election. Early 
 in 1785, Mr. Sinclair addressed a private remonstrance to 
 the Minister, pointed out in very friendly, but energetic 
 
164 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 terms* the unpopularity of the scrutiny* and suggested a 
 mode of putting an end to it without discredit, or appear- 
 ance of defeat. The unwelcome communication made no 
 impression on Pitt, and in the plenitude of his power, he 
 was deserted by his friends, and left in a minority, and 
 Mr. Fox seated for Westminster. Mr. Pitt had also the 
 mortification of receiving from the King a private letter, 
 on March 20* 1?85* in which he complains of having 
 heard that* Mr. Pitt had stated to some of his friends* that 
 his motion for Parliamentary Reform had been defeated 
 by the secret influence of his Majesty* and the King 
 adds this cutting sarcasm, “ The conduct of some of Mr. 
 Pitt’s most intimate friends on the Westminster Scrutiny, 
 shews, there are questions* men will not, by friendship* be 
 biassed to adopt.” (See Tomline’s Life of Pitt* vol. i. 
 4to. p. 450.) Mr. Sinclair also privately remonstrated 
 with Mr. Pitt on some of the clauses in his East India 
 Bill, and reminded him that, as we had recently lost 
 America* chiefly through unwise Parliamentary Legisla- 
 tion* how necessary it was to guard against exciting any 
 jealousy among the East Indians. Neither remonstrance 
 produced an effect, and Sinclair began to suspect that the 
 young minister was impatient of control or remonstrance, 
 either public or private — perhaps, however, it may be fair 
 to surmise that the member for Caithness did not view with 
 complacency the neglect of his useful suggestions. 
 
 In 1785 Mr. Sinclair put forth the first volume* in 
 quarto* of an important work, a “ History of the Public 
 Revenue from the earliest Period to the Time of Publica- 
 tion.” No similar work had appeared ; particular periods 
 had been treated of, but no systematic history* embracing 
 the whole financial history of the British empire had been 
 published. The utility, accuracy* and value of this work 
 was universally recognised by the statesmen of the period. 
 In the course of the work he had occasion to institute a 
 comparison between the system of taxation adopted in 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 165 
 
 England and France, and condemned the unequal system 
 of taxation and class exemption which prevailed in France, 
 and the general corruption in the administration of the 
 finances of that country. He adds this remarkable ob- 
 servation (the reader will recollect it was written in 1785), 
 it may be considered the earliest prediction of the French 
 Revolution. “ The Court of France, like every other 
 arbitrary administration, is nothing but a faction, confe- 
 derated together for the government of that great and 
 powerful kingdom ; and this faction is upheld, and re- 
 ceives perpetual accessions from the hopes that every 
 individual belonging to it entertains of having some 
 share in the plunder of the nation. But if ever these 
 hopes are destroyed, — if ever frugality is carried to any 
 extreme, — if all expectations of sharing in the spoils, — if 
 these public hopes are annihilated, — if the power of the 
 faction should cease, a revolution would be the 
 consequence.” The embarassment of the French finances 
 induced Lewis XYI. to call Necker to his councils. He 
 discharged the duties of First Minister of Finance with 
 zeal and ability, and introduced a real and substantial 
 reform in the administration of the French system of taxa- 
 tion. The consequences predicted by Sinclair in 1785 
 followed, — the Revolution ensued. We have already stated 
 that the publication of Sinclair’s “ History of the Revenue” 
 was received with general approbation, and it has sustained 
 its reputation. Many years afterwards, Mr. Rush, the 
 American Ambassador in London, asked Mr. Yansittart, 
 the Chancellor of the Exchequer, “ What was regarded as 
 the best account of the British finances ?’’ He said, “ It 
 was difficult to arrive at a knowledge of them from any 
 single work ; but, on the whole, he considered Sir John 
 Sinclair’s, for the period it embraced, as the most satisfac- 
 tory.”* (See Rush’s Account of his Residence in London.) 
 
 In 1784, Mr. Pitt had offered a baronetcy to Mr. Sin- 
 
 * The best Edition is in 3 vols. 8vo. 
 
166 
 
 G1LLRAY S CARICATURES. 
 
 clair; and, on the 2nd of November, wrote a letter, telling 
 him he had been rambling in the country during the 
 Recess, but he should return to town very shortly, and 
 would see it carried into effect. As the baronetcy was not 
 conferred until the 14th of February, 1786, we many infer 
 “ the Friendly Remonstrances/ 5 and some symptoms of 
 independent voting might defer the creation. The ba- 
 ronetcy did not, however, compromise his independence, as 
 was soon evinced by his conduct in the proceedings against 
 Warren Hastings. He considered Hastings had supported 
 the interests, extended the empire of the English in the 
 East Indies, and enriched his native country by his able 
 government. He therefore voted against his impeachment, 
 more particularly as the proceedings against him appeared 
 to be carried on with a spirit of persecution, rather than 
 the calmness of a judicial inquiry. He was indignant that 
 his independent vote, in a solemn legal investigation, should 
 give offence. In a letter to Hastings, he says, “ but, after 
 all, there are many difficulties to struggle with. I am much 
 less afraid of your open enemies than of hollow friends. 
 I suspect that Pitt and Dundas are particularly hostile. 
 They have never forgiven me for voting against the im- 
 peachment, and are now so inveterate as to be actually 
 carrying on an opposition to me in my own county, with 
 every exertion of influence that Government can muster. 55 
 Sinclair became now gradually estranged from Pitt. He 
 supported Fox on the Regency Question . 
 
 In 1790 he formed the project of a Statistical History of 
 Scotland, an undertaking which, at that time, had never 
 been paralleled by an individual, we believe we might add, 
 nor by any society nor public institution in Europe. He 
 proposed to publish an account of every Parish in Scotland, 
 its History, Antiquities, Population, Habits, and the Condi- 
 tion of the People, and of its Soil, Cultivation, and Present 
 State. This gigantic effort, and the expenses attending 
 it, might well have appalled the stoutest nerves ; but he 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 167 
 
 delighted in overcoming difficulties. He saw at once that 
 this object could only be obtained by the assistance of the 
 parochial clergy of Scotland., and he resolved to enlist the 
 sympathy of the General Assembly of the Church of 
 Scotland. That intelligent body entered immediately into 
 his views, and passed an unanimous vote to contribute, 
 with all expedition in their power, to complete a work of 
 such apparent utility. Thus encouraged, and with a view 
 to give an uniformity to his work, he drew up a series of 
 one hundred and sixty queries, arranged under the heads 
 of “ Geography, Natural History, Population, Productions, 
 and Miscellaneous subjects.” The success was beyond his 
 most sanguine expectations. The first volume was pub- 
 lished in 1791,* and the entire work was eventually com- 
 pleted in 21 vols. 8vo. In 1825 he published an Analysis, 
 or condensed account of the whole in 2 vols. 8vo. A new 
 and revised edition of the entire work has been printed 
 since his death. 
 
 His activity was untiring : he now became the chief 
 promoter of the African Association, whose object was to 
 promote the cause of science and humanity. “ The result 
 of their labours,” says Murray, “ has thrown new lustre 
 on the British name, and widely extended the boundaries 
 of human knowledge.” (See Murray’s African Discove- 
 ries, vol. i. p. 5.) 
 
 Among the most valuable services to the public per- 
 formed by Sir John Sinclair was the formation of a “So- 
 ciety for the Improvement of British Wool,” at Edinburgh, 
 in January, 1791, “which, says the Rev. J. Sinclair, the 
 
 * It is remarkable that the words Statistics and Statistical were so little 
 known in the British Nomenclature of Economic Science, that they could not 
 be found in any English Dictionary. Walker adopted them, and Todd has 
 introduced them into his edition of Johnson’s English Dictionary ; and 
 Richardson, in his admirable Dictionary, thus inserts ei Statistick (Fr. Statis- 
 que) is a word for which we are said to be indebted to a living writer (mean- 
 ing Sir John Sinclair.) Statistic is applied to every thing that pertains to a 
 State — its population, soil, produce, &c.” 
 
168 
 
 gillray's caricatures. 
 
 depressed state of pastoral economy, rendered peculiarly 
 necessary. Wool had for centuries been the staple com- 
 modity of Great Britain,* but attention to it had of late 
 been most strangely neglected, and few combined a 
 theoretical with a practical knowledge of the subject. 
 The consequence was, English Wool, had greatly de- 
 teriorated. w The Society proved eminently beneficial in 
 reviving due attention to this national object. 
 
 We will now conduct the reader to the breaking out 
 of the war in 1793. England had enjoyed ten years peace, 
 and the commercial treaty with France had led to an 
 extensive trade with that country. No sooner was war 
 declared, than a sudden stoppage of the exports to that 
 country ensued. The unexpected event struck terror 
 into the merchants. Perhaps the # greatest commercial 
 panic which had ever occurred in Great Britain, now pre- 
 vailed. Universal distrust predominated throughout the 
 kingdom. To add to the calamity, the Bank and 
 Bankers, refused to discount to any extent for their best 
 and oldest customers. The trade of the merchants and 
 manufacturers, might be said to be suspended. The 
 Ministers seemed astounded and paralysed by the extent 
 of the commercial convulsion. But neither they, nor the 
 merchants themselves, could suggest any plan for the relief 
 or mitigation of the general distress ; when Sir John Sinclair 
 communicated to Dundas a plan he had devised, and 
 
 * In a scarce and curious little volume, entitled “ The Golden Fleece/’ 
 by W. S., 1657, 12mo. p. 2, the following enthusiastic panegyric on the 
 importance of wool to the trade, manufactures, and prosperity of England, 
 occurs. It would have delighted Sir John Sinclair. “ Wool is the flower 
 
 AND STRENGTH, THE REVENUE AND BLOUD OF ENGLAND ; a bond Uniting 
 the people into societies and fraternities for their own utility ; the milk and 
 honey of the grazier and countryman, the gold and spices of the West and 
 East India to the merchant and citizen ; in a word, the Exchequer of 
 Wealth, and Sceptre of Protection to them, as well at home as abroad, 
 and therefore of full merit to be had in remembrance, defence, and encou- 
 ragement.” 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 169 
 
 desired him to lay it before Pitt. The Minister was 
 struck with its originality, boldness, and efficacy of the 
 plan, but alarmed at the extent of the risk the nation 
 would incur by its adoption. 
 
 Mr. Pitt desired an interview with Sir John, who 
 convinced him both of the expediency and safety of the 
 proposed plan for the relief of trade. The proposition 
 was, that an Act should be passed authorising His Majesty 
 to issue five millions of Exchequer bills, which twenty 
 unpaid Commissioners should be empowered to lend in 
 various sums to merchants and traders, who could give 
 adequate security for the repayment. The Act was passed 
 in May 1793. The effect was almost magical. Trade 
 revived, and confidence was restored; and so beneficial 
 was the result of this bold and novel operation, that it 
 has since been successfully repeated in periods of com- 
 mercial panic. The projection and organization of this 
 measure, was sufficient to confer celebrity on any man ; 
 and so sensible was Mr. Pitt of the magnitude and 
 value of the benefit derived by the public, that he very 
 honourably proclaimed it in the most unqualified manner, 
 and in a letter addressed to Sir John Sinclair, says, 
 cc there is no man to whom Government is more indebted 
 for support and useful information on various occasions 
 than to yourself, and if you have any object in view, I 
 should attend to it with pleasure.” Sir John Sinclair 
 replied to this courteous letter, that Ci he sought no favour 
 on his own behalf, but that the reward most gratifying 
 to his feelings, would be the support of the Minister to 
 the Institution by Parliament of a great national Corpo- 
 ration, to be called the Board of Agriculture.” 
 Another interview took place between Mr. Pitt and Sir 
 J. Sinclair. The Minister consented to the; establish- 
 ment of a Board of Agriculture, with an annual allowance 
 of £3500, to be placed under the management of unpaid 
 
i7o 
 
 GILLRAY^S CARICATURES. 
 
 Commissioners. With the sanction of the Minister, 
 therefore, Sir J. Sinclair introduced a Bill into Parlia- 
 ment, on the 15th of May, 1793, “he pointed out the 
 advantages which would result from an improved breed 
 of Farming Stock, from improved Instruments of Hus- 
 bandry, and from the general adoption of useful practices 
 peculiar to certain districts, and also from the introduction 
 of foreign discoveries in Agriculture into our own 
 country. 5 ’ 
 
 The Act was passed, and he was unanimously elected 
 President at the first meeting of the Board. He continued 
 to preside over it for several years ; but having been dis- 
 satisfied with the management of the war, and the prodigal 
 expenditure of the Government, he took an active part in 
 the formation of a Third Party, whose great objects 
 were to procure Peace ; and if peace were unattainable, 
 to carry on the war with greater vigour, united with greater 
 economy ; and also to effect some Reform in the Repre- 
 sentation of the People. Upon this the Ministers resolved 
 to eject him from the Presidential Chair of the Board of 
 Agriculture. This was effected with great difficulty, and only 
 by the votes of the official members, who voted in right 
 of their offices, and who had never attended before ; yet 
 even by those means Ministers only carried the election 
 against him by a majority of one . Many of the Tory 
 members were disgusted by the exercise of Ministerial 
 influence in the election of the President of a purely 
 Scientific Institution. A vote of thanks for his conduct 
 in the chair passed unanimously, and was ordered to be 
 transmitted to him by the newly elected President, Lord 
 Somerville, who had allowed his name to be put in nomi- 
 nation with the greatest reluctance. The Archbishop of 
 York (Dr, Markham), wrote a letter of condolence to 
 him, in which he stated that, “ he had been applied to by 
 Ministers, but that he would not be made a tool to do a 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 171 
 
 dishonourable act. 5 ’ Eight years afterwards, on the death 
 of Lord Somerville, he was earnestly solicited to resume 
 the Presidentship, and he consented. 
 
 His agricultural reputation was not confined to his own 
 country. In April, 1800, Otto, the Ambassador from the 
 Consular Government of France, applied to Sir John Sin- 
 clair, for a list of the Works relating to Agriculture, as 
 were most likely to promote the internal improvement of 
 France. While complying with this request. Sir John 
 Sinclair inclosed copies of a paper he had drawn up 
 on experimental farms and circular cottages. The French 
 Government transmitted his plans and papers to the National 
 Institute, who submitted them to the examination of two of 
 their members, Tessier and Cels, who reported favourably 
 on them. The National Institute voted their thanks to 
 Sir John, and expressed their admiration of his exertions 
 in the cause of humanity. 
 
 We may now hurry over the remaining portion of his 
 life. Mr. Percival considered Sir John had rendered such 
 important services by his speeches and pamphlets on the 
 Bullion Question, or, as Cobbett would have called it, in 
 the contest of ee Paper against Gold, 55 that in July, 1811, 
 he appointed him Cashier of the Board of Excise in Scot- 
 land, with a salary of £2000 per annum ; “a sum (says 
 his son, the Rev. John Sinclair), much smaller than the 
 interest of the debt he had accumulated as President of 
 the Board of Agriculture.’ 5 This appointment disqualified 
 him from sitting in the House of Commons, and his public 
 life may be said to have terminated. 
 
 In 1807 he had published his Code of Health and Lon- 
 gevity. In 1811 he published his Code of Agriculture, 
 in one volume octavo. Mr. Coke, of Norfolk (an oracle 
 on this subjeci) told Mr. Rush, “ He considered the Code 
 of Agriculture, the most useful work on the subject. 5 ’ We 
 shall conclude with Sir John Sinclair’s remarks on the 
 Codean System. “ The object of this system was the 
 
172 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 Condensation of Human Knowledge. Knowledge (he used 
 to say) scattered promiscuously through a multitude of 
 books, resembles ore in amine; but knowledge collected, 
 arranged and condensed, is like the pure metal separated 
 from the dross, substantial, portable, accessible and useful.” 
 (See the Rev. J. Sinclair’s Life of his Father, passim.) 
 
 Sir John Sinclair died May 21, 1835. His family 
 wished the funeral to have been strictly private, but the 
 magistrates of Edinburgh, and a deputation from the 
 Highland Society, requested permission to pay their last 
 
 TRIBUTE OF RESPECT TO A MAN, WHOM THEY CONSI- 
 DERED TO HAVE BEEN A PUBLIC BENEFACTOR. 
 
 215 . 
 
 HORRORS OF THE IRISH UNION; BOTHERA- 
 TION OF POOR PAT; or, A WHISPER ACROSS 
 THE CHANNEL. Dec . 24th , 1798. 
 
 TIERNEY. FOX. M. A . TAYLOR. 
 
 A humorous caricature on the opposition shewn to the 
 project of the Irish Union, when it was first agitated at the 
 end of 1798, after the entire suppression of the rebellion. 
 Pat is thoroughly 66 bothered” between the alluring offers 
 of the lady (Britannia), and the awful warnings of the 
 Opposition. 
 
 216 . 
 
 MEETING OF THE MONIED INTEREST;— 
 CONSTITUTIONAL OPPOSITION TO THE 
 TEN PER CENT. ;—i.e. JOHN BULL’S FRIENDS 
 ALARMED BY THE NEW TAX. Dec . 13^, 1798. 
 
 SIR W. PULTENE Y. LORD MOIRA. COL. TARLETON . SIR J. SINCLAIR. 
 TIERNEY. M. A. TAYLOR. HORNE TOOKE. LORD STANHOPE. 
 FOX. SIR J. SHUCKBOROUGH. ERSKINE. DUKE OF BEDFORD. 
 D. OF NORFOLK. LORD DERBY. NICHOLLS. SIR F. BTJRDETT. 
 
 Fox is addressing the principal Members of Opposition, 
 and denouncing in the most energetic manner the proposed 
 income-tax. They respond in terms equally energetic. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES® 
 
 173 
 
 The enormous expenditure caused by the military and 
 naval armaments of England, and the ruinous amount of 
 the subsidies remitted to our Allies, had drained England 
 of her metallic stores, and completely changed the face of 
 the monetary and fiscal system of England. Burke in his 
 Reflections on the Revolution of France in 1790, had con- 
 trasted with just pride the relative monetary situations of 
 France and England. In France, gold and silver, the 
 representatives of the conventional credit of mankind had 
 disappeared, and a forced paper currency was the only cir- 
 culating medium : — “ In England not one shilling of paper 
 money of any description is received, but of choice, the 
 whole has had its origin in cash actually deposited, and is 
 convertible at pleasure in an instant, and without the 
 smallest loss, into cash again. Our paper is of value in 
 commerce, because in law it is of none. It is powerful on 
 ^ Change, because in Westminster Hall it is impotent. In 
 payment of a debt of twenty shillings a creditor may re- 
 fuse all the paper of the Bank of England.” 
 
 But these halcyon days w T ere passed. The Bank, by its 
 improvident advances to the Government had been com- 
 pelled to suspend cash payments. One and two pound 
 notes were now issued for the first time in England, and 
 formed material ingredients in the circulating medium ; 
 taxation had been raised in every department ; the 
 duties in the Customs and Excise had been seriously in- 
 creased ; these, however, and the triple assessment of the 
 assessed taxes did not equal the public expenditure The 
 Land-tax, too, which had hitherto been an annual grant, 
 was made perpetual, and actually sold ; still the exigencies 
 of the state required further supplies. One resource re- 
 mained, — to substitute an income tax of 10 per cent, for 
 the triple assessment of the assessed taxes, by which a large 
 revenue would be derived from landed proprietors, rich 
 bankers, merchants, fund-holders, lodgers, and others who 
 contributed but little, in proportion to their means. The 
 Minister estimated the probable produce of the tax at 
 
174 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 ten millions. The inquisitorial nature of this tax excited 
 general discontent. Meetings were called in every county, 
 city, and borough, to oppose it. Pitt, however, persevered ; 
 the oppressive weight of the tax was admitted, but justi- 
 fied by state necessity. With a view to mitigate in some 
 degree the severity of the pressure on persons with large 
 families, a deduction of ten per cent, on the income tax, 
 was allowed to persons who had above a certain number 
 of children. The Duke of Northumberland did not hesi- 
 tate to avail himself of this clause. We can make a large al- 
 lowance for the violence of party politics, for indignation 
 against a war, said to be rashly entered on, and badly 
 conducted ; but the days of chivalry were indeed gone, 
 when the representative of the title, honours, and domains 
 of the noble and illustrious House of Percy, could stoop 
 to claim a deduction for his children, and publicly register 
 them as a burthen, entitling him to relief. This exposed 
 him to merited obloquy and ridicule, particularly in a 
 satirical ballad, which deserves to be rescued from the 
 ephemeral fate, usually attending such effusions. It is a 
 happy parody on Chevy Chace. Party politics are tran- 
 sient, but wit survives, when the circumstance in which 
 it originated is forgotten, or sunk into insignificance. 
 
 CHEVY CHACE. 
 
 God prosper long our noble King, 
 
 Our lives and safeties all : 
 
 A woeful story late there did 
 In Britain's Isle befall. 
 
 Duke Smithson of Northumberland, * 
 
 A vow to God did make ; 
 
 The choicest gifts in fair England, 
 
 . For him and his to take. 
 
 * Sir Hugh Smithson married the Lady Elizabeth, daughter and only 
 child of the Duke of Northumberland, who died in 1750. In the same year, 
 he obtained an Act of Parliament, authorising him to assume the surname and 
 arms of Percy. In 1767, the King created him Earl Percy, and Duke of 
 Northumberland. The hero of this ballad was the eldest son of this marriage. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 175 
 
 Excise and Customs, Church and Law, 
 
 I’ve begg’d from Master Rose; 
 
 The garter too, — but still the Blues 
 I’ll have, or I’ll oppose. 
 
 ** Now, God be with him,” quoth the King, 
 
 “ Sith ’twill no better be ; 
 lt I trust we have within our realm 
 “ Five hundred good as he.” 
 
 And soon a law, like arrow keen, 
 
 Or spear, or curtal-axe, 
 
 Struck poor Duke Smithson to the heart 
 In shape of Powder Tax. 
 
 Sore leaning on his crutch, he cried, 
 
 “ Crop, crop, my merry men all ; 
 il No guinea for your heads I’ll pay> 
 
 “ Though Church and State should fall.” 
 
 Again the taxing-man appear’d™ 
 
 No deadlier foe could be ; 
 
 A schedule of a cloth-yard long, 
 
 Within his hand bore he. 
 
 “ Yield thee, Duke Smithson, and behold 
 “ The assessments thou must pay ; 
 
 “ Dogs, horses, houses, coaches, clocks,* 
 
 “ And servants in array.” 
 
 “ Nay,” quoth the Duke, “ in thy black scroll 
 “ Deductions I espye, — 
 
 <l For those who poor, and mean and low, 
 
 “ With children burthen’d lie. 
 
 “ And tho’ full sixty thousand pounds 
 “ My vassals pay to me, 
 e ‘ From Cornwall to Northumberland , 
 le Through many a fair country. 
 
 “ Yet England’s Church, its King, its Laws, 
 u It’s cause I value not, 
 
 “ Compared with this my constant text, 
 
 “ ‘ A penny saved is got .’ 
 
 * A tax had recently been imposed on watches. 
 
 N 
 
176 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 “ No drop of princely Percy’s blood* 
 
 ‘ ‘ Through these cold veins doth run ; 
 
 u With Hotspur's castles, blazon , name, 
 “ I still am poor Smithson. 
 
 “ Let England’s youth unite in arms, 
 
 “ And every liberal hand 
 
 “ With honest zeal subscribe their mite, 
 “ To save their native land. 
 
 “ I at St. Martin's Vestry Board 
 “ To swear shall be content, 
 
 “ That I have children eight, and claim 
 ‘ f Deductions ten per cent." 
 
 God bless us from all factious foes, 
 
 And French fraternal kiss ; 
 
 And grant the King may never make 
 Another Duke like this. 
 
 217. 
 
 CITIZENS VISITING THE BASTILE. 
 
 Jan. lGth, 1799. 
 
 SIB- F. BURDETT. 
 
 On some conversation which took place in the House of 
 Commons on the oppressions exercised in prisons, and 
 especially in the new state prison in Coldbath Fields, which 
 was now popularly characterized as the Bastille, and which 
 was also known among offenders as the College. Sir 
 Francis Burdett having received private information of 
 great and scandalous abuses being practised upon the 
 miserable inmates of that prison, visited it, and, having 
 assured himself of the facts, brought the subject before 
 Parliament, and excited public indignation against the dis- 
 cipline of the prison. The Home Secretary, therefore, gave 
 
 * The late Duke of Hamilton paid a visit to the Duke of Northumberland 
 one autumn, on his road to Scotland. They were taking a ride together on 
 the Cheviot Hills, when the Duke of Northumberland turned round, and, 
 without consideration, said, “ My Lord, many years have elapsed since a 
 Percy and Douglas met on these hills.” The pride of the Douglas was 
 touched, and he haughtily replied, “ Nor have they now.” 
 
POLITICAL SERIES, 
 
 177 - 
 
 orders to the Governor, Airis, not to admit the Baronet 
 again. At a subsequent period, an examination of the 
 charges proved that the management of this prison was an 
 outrage upon humanity, and Airis himself received punish- 
 ment for his conduct* 
 
 A reference to the debate in the House of Commons 
 will explain the complaint here put into the mouth of Sir 
 Francis ; it may be observed, merely, that one part of them 
 refers to a statement that an unfortunate woman, imprisoned 
 for disorderly conduct, was confined in an unhealthy cell, 
 and was not allowed even medical attention, although she 
 was known to be suffering under the loathsome disease to 
 which her wretched calling exposed her. 
 
 218. 
 
 BUONAPARTE HEARING OF NELSON’S VIC- 
 TORY, SWEARS BY HIS SWORD TO EXTIR- 
 PATE THE ENGLISH FROM OFF THE EARTH. 
 
 Dec. 8th, 1798. 
 
 Another caricature, which needs no other explanation 
 than a reference to Buonaparte’s vain-glorious boasting 
 after the disaster which had overwhelmed the French fleet 
 at the mouth of the Nile. It may be observed, that Napo- 
 leon’s features were not at this time w T ell known to the 
 English caricaturists. 
 
 219. 
 
 THE APOTHEOSIS OF HOCHE. 1798. 
 
 One of Gillray’s finest conceptions, in which all the 
 crimes of the French revolution are crowded before our 
 sight in a vast emblematical panorama. General Hoche 
 was par excellence the General of the Republic ; and his 
 name was more particularly familiar to English ears, from 
 the circumstance of his having been designated as the com- 
 mander of the army for the invasion of Ireland. 
 
178 
 
 GILLRAY^S CARICATURES. 
 
 220 . 
 
 SIEGE DE LA COLONNE DE POMPEE. 
 SCIENCE IN THE PILLORY. 
 
 On the Institute of Egypt, formed by the body of French 
 savans who accompanied the French army under Napo- 
 leon into Egypt, to make scientific observations in the 
 countries about to be conquered. This print, like the one 
 preceding, is sufficiently explained by the inscriptions. 
 
 221 . 
 
 EGYPTIAN SKETCHES. March 12th , 1799. 
 
 The expedition to Egypt was made a frequent subject of 
 satire in England. The series of subjects here presented 
 to us by Gillray was intended more especially to ridicule 
 the Institute founded by Napoleon at Cairo, and the pro- 
 ceedings of the French savans who accompanied the in- 
 vading army. A monkey, as the republican commander, 
 is seen attempting to place the cap of liberty on the apex 
 of the great pyramid, while his progress is somewhat im- 
 peded by the eagerness of Folly, represented as a naked 
 philosopher, to share in the exploit. Even the Sphynxes 
 have become Frenchified. 
 
 222 . 
 
 l/INSURRECTION DE L1NSTITUT AMPHIBIE. 
 — THE PURSUIT OF KNOWLEDGE. 
 
 March 12 th 9 1799. 
 
 We have here a forcible example of the pursuit of know- 
 ledge under difficulties. The republican naturalists have 
 commenced rather unpropitiously with an attempt to tame 
 and utilize the crocodile. 
 
 223. 
 
 LTNFANTERIE FRANCAISE EN *EGYPTE — LE 
 
 GENERAL ASNE CONVERTED TO IBRAHIM 
 
 BEY. March 12th , 1799. 
 
 It appears that it was found necessary to mount the 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 17 $ 
 
 troops in the Egyptian campaign upon asses, a circum- 
 stance which could not fail to furnish subject for satire. It 
 seems doubtful whether the commander, or the animal 
 which carries him, is giving the word of command. 
 
 224. 
 
 PRAETOR URBANUS;— INAUGURATION OF THE 
 COPTIC MAYOR OF CAIRO, PRECEDED BY 
 THE PROCUREUR DE LA COMMUNE. 
 
 March 12 th , 1 709. 
 
 On the scheme for a new political and municipal con- 
 stitution of the city of Cairo. 
 
 225. 
 
 THEOLOGIE A LA TURQUE— THE PALE OF 
 THE CHURCH OF MAHOMET. March 12 th, 1799. 
 
 Philosophy brought to a nonplus. The free notions of 
 the French theologians are represented as proving by no 
 means satisfactory to the Mahometan doctors, who are 
 using the advantages which force has placed at their dis- 
 posal. The renegade in the distance is covering his head 
 with a turban to save a less honourable part of his body. 
 
 226. 
 
 MAMALUCK ET HUSSARD REPUBLICAIN. 
 GENERAL RESULT OF BUONAPARTE’S 
 ATTACK UPON IBRAHIM BEY’S REAR- 
 GUARD. March 12th, 1799. 
 
 In this print a French hussar is flying from the murder- 
 ous attack of his Mamaluke assailant. On his sword is 
 inscribed, “ Vaincre ou Courir’’ — Victory or Flight. 
 
180 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 227. 
 
 TIRAILLEUR FRANC AIS, ET CHEVAL LEGER 
 DE L^ARMEE DU PACHA DE RHODES. — 
 EVOLUTIONS OF FRENCH MOUNTED RIFLE- 
 MEN. March I2tk, 1799. 
 
 Another example of the advantages derived from the 
 new style of mounting of the French cavalry. In the pre- 
 ceding plate we see the advantage of the ass by its swift- 
 ness in the flight ; here it shines by its steadiness in the 
 conflict. 
 
 228. 
 
 SUPPOSED TO BE A CORRECT REPRESEN- 
 TATION OF A MAMALUKE CHIEF. 
 
 Dec. 1 st, 1798. 
 
 This, though not belonging to the foregoing series, is 
 connected with them by its subject. It is evidently not a 
 design of Gillray’s, though it may owe something to his 
 imagination. Perhaps it may have been taken from a rude 
 sketch made by some one who was in Egypt in this war. 
 
 229. 
 
 EXHIBITION OF A DEMOCRATIC TRANSPA- 
 RENCY, WITH ITS EFFECT UPON PATRIOTIC 
 FEELINGS. April 15th, 1799. 
 
 ERSKINE. TIERNEY. FOX. SIR J. SINCLAIR. M. A. TAYLOR. 
 DUKE OF NORFOLK. SHERIDAN. SIR F. BURDETT. NICHOLLS. 
 LORD MOIRA. DUKE OF BEDFORD. LORD DERBY. 
 
 On the secret Committee appointed by the House of 
 Commons to inquire into the proceedings and designs of 
 the political societies in Ireland and England. The report 
 of this Committee pointed out an alleged and continued 
 treasonable correspondence with the French Republicans, 
 and was made the ground in Ireland for severe state pro- 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 181 
 
 seditions, which are pretended to have cast dismay into 
 the Liberal party in England. They are here represented 
 as terror-struck at the discovery of their designs. The 
 latter circumstance is represented by the four-fold trans- 
 parency, in which the English Whigs are seen carrying 
 into effect the lessons they had received from French 
 democracy. 
 
 230. 
 
 NEW PANTHEON OF DEMOCRATIC MYTHO- 
 LOGY. May 7 th, 1799. 
 
 Another series of satirical representations of the party, 
 but which appears not to have been completed according 
 to the author’s full design. The attributes of the various 
 deities thrown out of the fool’s-cap of liberty before the 
 democratic altar, need no explanation. 
 
 231. 
 
 HERCULES REPOSING. May 7th , 1799. 
 
 FOX. 
 
 The great leader of the Whigs had at this time seceded 
 from his place in the political arena, and was living in 
 temporary retirement at St. Anne’s Hill. He has here 
 hung his harp upon the willow, while the apples of discord 
 are rotting at his feet. The political Hercules boasts the 
 skin of an ass, instead of the lion skin of his prototype; 
 and his supposed declining popularity is alluded to by the 
 figure of Fame tottering on the summit of her temple. 
 
 232. 
 
 MARS. May 7th, 1799. 
 
 GENERAL WALPOLE. 
 
 On the fiery zeal of General Walpole, one of the warmest 
 advocates of the liberal principles of the Whig Opposition. 
 The crest of his helmet is a diabolical Sans-culotte, with 
 a cap of liberty on his head. 
 
182 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 233. 
 
 HARPIES DEFILING THE FEAST. May 7th , 1799. 
 
 TIERNEY. SIR J. SHUCKBOROUGH. JEKYLL. 
 
 The three political harpies defiling John Bull’s favourite 
 roast beef, plum pudding, and porter, with their demo- 
 cratic pollutions. 
 
 234. 
 
 CUPID. May 7 th, 1799. 
 
 NICHOLES. 
 
 Gillfay has introduced Nicholls into his “ New Pan- 
 theon v in the character of Cupid. He was blind of one 
 eye, and his features were remarkably plain. His elocu- 
 tion was ungraceful, and his action generally much too 
 vehement. He exhibited the contortions of the Sybil, 
 without her inspiration. He is thus pleasantly alluded to 
 in a duet between Fox and Horne Tooke, in the Anti- 
 Jacobin — 
 
 “ Fox. — Well, now my favourite preacher’s Nic/cle, 
 
 He keeps for Pitt a rod in pickle ; 
 
 His gestures fright th’ astonish’d gazers, 
 
 His sarcasms cut like Packwood’s razors .” 
 
 235. 
 
 THE TWIN STARS, CASTOR AND POLLUX. 
 
 May 7 th, 1799. 
 
 BERKLY. STURT. 
 
 Two of the Whig politicians of the day, who were equally 
 celebrated as opponents of the Ministry, and as brewers 
 of ale. 
 
 236. 
 
 TllE AFFRIGHTED CENTAUR, AND LION 
 BRITANIQUE. May 1th, 1799. 
 
 DURE OE BEDFORD. 
 
 The Duke of Bedford was celebrated for his taste for 
 sporting — the turf as well as the chace. However, he is 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 183 
 
 here represented under the form of the Centaur, half man 
 and half horse. The roar set up against him by the British 
 lion, or at least put into the lion’s mouth, was a sufficient 
 subject for alarm. 
 
 237. 
 
 THE INEXPRESSIBLE AIR OF DIGNITY. 
 
 March Stli, 1803. 
 
 THE DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH; 
 
 The Duke of Marlborough of this period was distin- 
 guished as a fop. This figure was being pointed out as a 
 broad contrast to all our notions of the warlike character 
 of the illustrious hero who first obtained the dukedom. 
 
 239. 
 
 A MAN OF IMPORTANCE. May 1 6th, 1799. 
 
 THE EARL OF MOIRA. 
 
 A nobleman frequently attacked by the Tory press of 
 this period, on account of the part he took in Irish politics. 
 The verses are taken from the Antb Jacobin, a Tory jour- 
 nal remarkable for its bitterness. He voted, however, for 
 the Union, in opposition to his own party, the Whigs, who 
 were generally opposed to that measure. 
 
 240. 
 
 FIELD-MARSHAL COUNT SU WARROW-ROM- 
 
 NISKOY. May 23rd, 1799. 
 
 The great and sanguinary General of the Emperor 
 Paul I. of Russia. In the middle of April, 1799, he 
 assumed the command of the Austro-Russian armies in 
 Italy, and gained repeated successes against the French 
 in Italy during Buonaparte^s absence in the East ; but his 
 career was at length checked by Massena in Switzer- 
 land. His victories had made his name popular in England, 
 and procured him the honour of this plate. He died in 
 the year following (1800.) 
 
184 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 241. 
 
 THE STATE OF THE WAR; or, THE MONKEY 
 RACE IN DANGER. May 20th, 1799. 
 
 This print appeared in the midst of the successes of the 
 Russians and Austrians in Italy, and when Buonaparte had 
 been driven by the Turks, aided by Sir Sidney Smith and 
 the English, from before Acre. The Republicans, under 
 the old satirical disguise of monkeys, are roughly treated 
 by the Eastern crescent, the Russian bear, the Austrian 
 eagle, and the English lion. A few months shewed the 
 emptiness of the boasts embodied in Gillray’s caricature, 
 and saw some of the parties here triumphant bowing before 
 a power which they had affected to despise. 
 
 242. 
 
 THE HIGH GERMAN METHOD OF DESTROY- 
 ING VERMIN AT RATSTADT. May 22nd, 1799. 
 
 This is a not very generous or just satire on an act which 
 cast disgrace at least upon Austria. On the 28th of April, 
 1799, the French Plenipotentiaries at Radstadt, Bonnier, 
 and Roberjot, were waylaid and assassinated near that 
 town, by a troop of Szeckler’s hussars, or persons in their 
 uniform. Jean Debry was also left for dead, but he reco- 
 vered. This breach of the law of nations excited the utmost 
 indignation in France. 
 
 243. 
 
 INDEPENDENCE. June 9th , 1 799. 
 
 TYRWHITT JONES. 
 
 Gillray has put into the mouth of Tyrwhitt Jones this 
 speech : — I am an independent man, Sir, and I don’t care 
 that, who hears me say so ! I don’t like wooden shoes ! 
 No, Sir, nor French wooden shoes ; no, nor English wooden 
 shoes, neither ; and as to the tall gentleman over the way, 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 185 
 
 I can tell him I am no Pizarro ! I’ll not hold up the de- 
 vil’s tail to fish for a place, or a pension ! I’m no skulker. 
 No, nor no seceder neither ! I’ll not keep out of the way, 
 for fear of being told my own ! Here’s my place, and 
 here I ought to speak. I warrant I’ll not sneak into 
 taverns to drink humbug toasts that I am afraid to 
 explain — not I ! My motto is, c Independence and Old 
 England,’ and that for all the rest of the world. There — 
 that ! — that ! — that !” 
 
 We cannot trace to what speech this alludes. Pizarro 
 was brought out on the 24th of May ; the print is dated 
 June the 9th. The occurrence must, therefore, have taken 
 place in this interval, because he calls Sheridan “ Pizarro.” 
 There is not the slightest allusion to any attack of this 
 description made upon Sheridan by Tyrwliitt J ones, or any 
 other speaker, reported in Hansard’s Debates during the 
 period. The allusion to humbug toasts, &c., is intended to 
 refer to the speeches and toasts at the Whig Club. 
 
 The collectors of prints call the first impressions of 
 the “ March to Finchley” “ the Sunday print,” because 
 Hogarth by mistake dated it on a Sunday. Gillray has 
 here made a similar mistake. June the 9th, 1799, was on 
 a Sunday. 
 
 244 . 
 
 PIZARRO CONTEMPLATING OVER THE PRO- 
 DUCT OF HIS NEW PERUVIAN MINE. 
 
 June 4 th , 1799. 
 
 SHERIDAN. 
 
 “ A man so various that he seemed to be 
 Not one, but all mankind’s epitome.”* 
 
 “ Whatever Sheridan has done,” says Lord Byron, “has 
 been par excellence , always the best of its kind. He has 
 written the best comedy, the best opera, the best farce, and 
 
 * From Dryden’s Character of Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, author of 
 the “ Rehearsal.” 
 
186 
 
 GILLRAy’s CARICATURES. 
 
 the best address (the monody on Garrick), and to crown all, 
 delivered the very best oration ever conceived in this 
 country.” 
 
 It would be presumption to add one syllable upon Sheri- 
 dan’s dramatic works, after citing the above panegyric of 
 Lord Byron ; but it may not be superfluous to inform the 
 rising generation, and those who are not yet fully ac- 
 quainted with the merits of Sheridan’s dramas, that his 
 dramatic works and monody on Garrick have been pub- 
 lished in a very neat volume in duodecimo by H.G. Bohn. 
 
 The speech referred to by Lord Byron is that delivered 
 in Westminster Hall, on Hastings’s trial, on opening the 
 charge relative to the Begum Princesses of Oude ; but 
 before adverting to that, it will be proper to notice, that 
 he had brought forward the same charge in the House of 
 Commons on Feb. 17s 17^7* For five hours and a half he 
 delighted and astonished the House, and at the conclusion 
 of his speech, Fox and Burke pronounced the most glow- 
 ing eulogiums on it ; Pitt declared it had surpassed all 
 eloquence of ancient and modern times.* 
 
 “ Though the wondering senate hung on all he spoke,” 
 a more arduous task, and greater triumph still remained 
 to him. The impeachment was carried, and it became 
 Sheridan’s province to open the same charge before an 
 assembly even still more august. Westminster Hall was 
 
 * Gibbon speaking of his own Parliamentary career, says, “ The success of 
 liis pen discouraged the trial of his voice.’ ’ It is a very curious circumstance 
 that after Sheridan had made his first speech, he went up into the gallery, and 
 asked Woodfall, the celebrated Parliamentary reporter, with great anxiety, 
 what he thought of his first attempt. Woodfall, with more candour than 
 penetration, replied, “ I do not think this is your line — you had much better 
 have stuck to your former pursuits.” On hearing this, Sheridan rested his 
 head upon his hand for a few minutes, and then said, “ It is in me, and by 
 G — , it shall come out of me.” Very different was Macklin’s prediction 
 respecting Pitt, on hearing his first speech. The late Mr. Perry told the 
 writer of this note that he was seated in the gallery next to Macklin, and when 
 Pitt concluded, he asked Macklin what he thought of Pitt’s speech. Macklin 
 answered, “ Sir, he will be grand — he will be magnificent, when he dares to 
 be impudent.” 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 187 
 
 fitted up as a court of justice, and Sheridan appeared 
 before the assembled peers, as representative of the Com- 
 mons of England, to prefer and substantiate this charge. 
 The House of Commons was present, and the assembly 
 was surrounded by an extraordinary display of beauty, of 
 rank, wealth, and distinguished characters. 
 
 Largior hie campos aether, et lumine vestit 
 
 Purpureo. 
 
 Expectation was wound up to the highe st pitch ; not 
 to surpass his former effort, however brilliant his speech 
 might be, would have been considered a failure. He re- 
 solved to eclipse himself — and he succeeded. Never was 
 so great an effect produced. It is to be lamented that we 
 have no faithful report of this mighty achievement of elo- 
 quence. Wonderful indeed must have been that oratory, 
 which could call forth this splendid tribute from Burke, 
 himself a consummate master of eloquence 
 
 cc He has this day surprised the thousands who hung 
 with rapture on his accents by such an array of talents, 
 such an exhibition of capacity, such a display of powers, 
 as are unparalleled in the annals of oratory ; a display that 
 reflected the highest honour upon himself — lustre upon 
 letters, renown upon Parliament, and glory upon the 
 country. Of all species of rhetoric, of every kind of elo- 
 quence that has been witnessed or recorded, either in an- 
 cient or modern times, whatever the acuteness of the bar, 
 the dignity of the senate, the solidity of the judgment 
 seat, and the sacred morality of the pulpit, have hitherto 
 furnished, nothing has surpassed, nothing has equalled, 
 what we have heard this day in Westminster Hall. No 
 holy seer of religion, no sage, no statesman, no orator, no 
 man of any literary description whatever has come up, in 
 the one instance, to the pure sentiments of morality, or in 
 the other, to that variety of knowledge, force of imagina- 
 tion, propriety and vivacity of allusion, beauty and ele- 
 gance of diction, strength and copiousness of style, pathos. 
 
188 
 
 GILLRAY’s CARICATURES. 
 
 and sublimity of conception, to which we have this day 
 listened with ardour and admiration. From poetry up to 
 eloquence there is not a species of composition of which a 
 complete and perfect specimen might not from that single 
 speech be culled and collected.”* 
 
 Gillray has drawn and habited Sheridan in 
 the character of Pizarro. He is contemplating the 
 product of his own Peruvian mine, and thus soliloquises, 
 " Honour ! reputation ! — a mere bubble ! Will the praises 
 of posterity charm my bones in the grave ? psha ! my pre- 
 sent purpose is all ! O, gold ! gold ! for thee I would sell 
 my native Spain, as freely as I would plunder Peru.” The 
 sarcastic insinuation intended to be conveyed by this print 
 is that Sheridan’s political feelings were more in unison 
 with those of Pizarro, than with the patriotic sentiments 
 he has put into the mouth of the Peruvian General Rolla. 
 The play was brought out at Drury Lane on the 24th of 
 May, 1799, and was eminently successful. George III. 
 who for a considerable time had confined his theatrical 
 visits to Covent Garden, now signified his intention of being 
 present at the performance of Pizarro, and having wit- 
 nessed the representation expressed warm admiration of 
 it. Twenty-nine editions of Pizarro, consisting each of a 
 thousand copies, were sold in a very short time, and of 
 course added considerably to Sheridan’s gains by the play. 
 
 245. 
 
 FRENCH GENERALS RETIRING ON ACCOUNT 
 OF THEIR HEALTH; WITH LEPAUX PRE- 
 SIDING IN THE DIRECTORIAL DISPEN- 
 SARY. June 20 th s 1799. 
 
 On the return of several of the French Generals from 
 
 * It is most extraordinary that neither Prior, in his Life of Burke, nor 
 Moore, in his Life of Sheridan, should have recorded this magnificent burst 
 of extemporaneous eloquence, which conferred equal honour on him who pro- 
 nounced the panegyric, as on him who was the object of it. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 189 
 
 Egypt, who were allowed by the Directory to revisit their 
 native country under the pretence of recruiting their health. 
 This caricature hardly needs any further explanation. 
 
 246. 
 
 ALLIED POWERS UNBOOTING EGALITE. 
 
 September L<tf, 1799. 
 
 Another caricature on the reverses which France was at 
 this time experiencing on every side. John Bull’s jolly 
 tar is holding the red-capped republican’s arms, while the 
 Turk, rendered bold by the late cheek given to Napoleon 
 at Acre, is preparing to add his nose to the string of 
 trophies suspended at his waist. Austria, assisted by 
 Russia, is unbooting him of his conquests in Italy, and 
 emptying them of his golden spoils. The secret expedi- 
 tion is alluded to in the proceedings of the sly Dutchman, 
 who is attempting from behind to purloin the cheese on 
 which the British tar has established his right foot. 
 
 247. 
 
 THE RECEPTION IN HOLLAND. Sept. 1*199. 
 
 WILLIAM PRINCE OF ORANGE. 
 
 On the English expedition to Holland in the August of 
 1799 to restore the Prince of Orange, who is here repre- 
 sented as experiencing an overwhelmingly joyful recep- 
 tion from his people, and especially from his country- 
 women. This view of the “reception’’ was, however, 
 rather premature, for the British army found no support 
 from the Dutch, and was eventually compelled to make a 
 somewhat disgraceful retreat. 
 
 248, 
 
 EXIT LIBERTE A LA FRANC OISE ! OR, BUONA- 
 PARTE CLOSING THE FARCE OF EGALITE 
 
 AT ST. CLOUD, NEAR PARIS. Nov. 10 th 9 1799. 
 
 BUONAPARTE. 
 
 On the dissolution of the Directory by Buonaparte’s sol- 
 
190 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 diers, Nov. 9, 1799, an event known in history as the revo- 
 lution of the 18th Brumaire. The new constitution, in 
 which Buonaparte was chosen first consul, was promulgated 
 on the 13th of December. 
 
 249. 
 
 EFFUSIONS OF A POT OF PORTER,— OR, 
 MINISTERIAL CONJURATIONS FOR SUP- 
 PORTING THE WAR. Nov. 29th , 1799. 
 
 PITT. 
 
 On the discontent excited by the rise in the price of 
 porter, by the increased taxes on malt and hops, and on 
 the inclination of the populace as well as of its political 
 leaders, to lay every kind of national calamity to the charge 
 of the Minister. In this instance the popular clamour is 
 made to issue from the mouth of Dr. Parr, who was a dis- 
 tinguished Whig, and celebrated for his attachment to a 
 pipe and a pot. Pitt, mounted on the white horse (Han- 
 over), rises vauntingly out of the froth of the doctor’s 
 favourite beverage, and calls down the vengeance of the 
 elements on the unfortunate crops which ought to bring 
 abundance to his countrymen. 
 
 250. 
 
 THE FRENCH CONSULAR TRIUMVIRATE, SET- 
 TLING THE NEW CONSTITUTION. Jan. 1st , 1800. 
 
 CAMBACERES. LE BRUN. SIEYES. BUONAPARTE. 
 
 On the new French constitution as compiled by Sieyes, 
 under the direction of Buonaparte. Below, a peep behind 
 the scenes reveals to us certain imps forging new chains for 
 France, and for Europe. Some of Gillray’s countrymen 
 may have been hoaxed into the belief that these were true 
 likenesses, but there was truth in his prophecy that in this 
 " Constitution pour V Avenir” the first consul was destined 
 to assume the character of the “grand monarqueP 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 191 
 
 251. 
 
 DESIGN FOR THE NAVAL PILLAR. Feb. 1st , 1800. 
 
 This print explains itself, and can hardly be called a 
 caricature. It was published in the midst of the popular 
 enthusiasm occasioned by the great succcesses of our fleets, 
 and when the public talked of the justice and propriety of 
 raising some grand monument to the fame of our naval 
 commanders and their gallant tars. 
 
 252. 
 
 DEMOCRACY; OR, A SKETCH OF THE LIFE 
 OF BUONAPARTE. May \2th , 1800. 
 
 One of those numerous productions which were at 
 this time put forth with the object of exciting the hatred 
 and contempt of the people of this country towards the 
 man who had now begun to rule the destinies of France. 
 The events of his life are here traced from his supposed 
 introduction to a military education under the bounty of 
 the monarch whom he afterwards assisted in dethroning, to 
 his election to the office of first consul. The different com- 
 partments are sufficiently explained by the inscriptions on 
 the plate ; and it is hardly necessary to state that they are 
 grossly exaggerated, especially as far as regards his early 
 life. 
 
 253. 
 
 THE NEW SPEAKER (i. e. The Law Chick), 
 BETWEEN THE HAWKS AND BUZZARDS. 
 
 Feb. 1 5 th, 1800. 
 
 M. A. TAYLOR. 
 
 Michael Angelo Taylor was the son of Sir Robert Taylor, 
 Knight, a celebrated architect, who built the Bank. He 
 bestowed a liberal education on his son Michael Angelo, 
 and sent him to Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Michael 
 Angelo Taylor studied the law, and was admitted a barrister. 
 
 o 
 
192 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 He seems at first to have entertained some ambitious views 
 of advancement in his profession. He married the sister of 
 Sir Harry Vane Tempest, Bart. At the general election 
 in 1784, he obtained a seat in the House of Commons. 
 He took an early opportunity of declaring his determina- 
 tion to support the Minister, but not indiscriminately. 
 An early opportunity occurred of evincing his sincerity, 
 by giving an independent vote on the unpopular West- 
 minster Scrutiny. On the 9th of February 1785, Mr. 
 Taylor said: cc That as he should that night give a vote 
 against those with whom he had agreed in general, and 
 against whom he, perhaps, might never give another, he 
 thought it right to give his reasons for so doing/’ He then 
 assigned his reasons for considering the High Bailiff’s 
 Court an illegal judicature, not competent to try the 
 validity of the Westminster Election. He did not pretend 
 to contend with the learned gentleman who preceded him 
 (the Master of the Rolls, Sir Lloyd Kenyon). He was 
 young — he was, but what he might call himself, a Chicken 
 in the profession ; but he could not reconcile to his ideas of 
 law the Westminster Scrutiny. It had been called a Court ; 
 it was ridiculous, in his mind, to call it so — it was but a 
 mockery and a jest/’ 
 
 Mr. Sheridan observed, that they had that day been 
 honoured with the councils of a complete gradation of 
 lawyers ; — they had received the opinion of a J udge, of an 
 Attorney-General in Petto (Michael Angelo Taylor) ; of 
 an ex- Attorney- General, and of a Practising Barrister. 
 With regard to the acquisition of a Learned Gentleman, 
 who had declared he meant to vote with them on that day, 
 he was sorry to acknowledge, that from the declaration the 
 Learned Gentleman had made in the beginning of his 
 speech, he saw no great reason to boast of their auxiliary. 
 The Learned Gentleman, who had with peculiar modesty 
 called himself a Chicken of a Lawyer, had declared that, 
 thinking them in the right with respect to the discussion 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 193 
 
 of that day, he should vote with thefti ; but he had at the 
 same time thought it necessary to assert, that he had never 
 before voted differently from the Minister and his friends, 
 and perhaps he never should again vote with those to whom 
 he meant to give his support that day. It was a little 
 singular to vote with them, professedly, because he found 
 them in the right, and in the very moment that he had 
 assigned so good a reason for changing his side, to declare 
 that in all probability he never should vote with them 
 again. He was sorry, he said, to find the Chicken was 
 a bird of ill omen, and that its augury was so unpropitious 
 to their future interests. Perhaps it would have been as 
 well, under these circumstances, that the chicken had not 
 left the barn-door of the Treasury, but continued side by 
 side with the old Cock, to pick those crumbs of comfort, 
 which would doubtless be dealt out in due time with libe- 
 rality, proportioned to the fidelity of the feathered tribe/’ 
 -^-(See Hansard’s Debates, vol. 25, p. 42 & p. 47.) 
 
 Having once exercised an independent judgment, he 
 seems gradually to have alienated himself from his Tory 
 connexions, and adopted Whig principles. He joined the 
 Opposition, who cordially welcomed their new ally ; and 
 they must have entertained a very favourable opinion of 
 his legal knowledge, as they nominated him one of the 
 managers of Hastings’s Impeachment, doubtless, with a 
 view of availing themselves of his assistance, with respect 
 to the Law of Evidence, in the examination of witnesses, 
 which so frequently excited contention during the trial. 
 Had George III.’s illness continued, and the Regency 
 Bill passed in 1788, the Whigs, on entering office, would 
 have dissolved Parliament, and it was universally under- 
 stood that Michael Angelo Taylor w r ould have been ap- 
 pointed Speaker of the new House of Commons. The 
 King’s recovery terminated M. A. Taylor’s brilliant pros- 
 pects. This disappointment is the object satirized 
 in this print. The Hawks and the Buzzards of the 
 
194 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 opposing parties unite in assailing him ; and the tremen- 
 dous hisses of these birds of prey terrify Taylor from 
 ascending the Speaker’s chair. The features of his old an- 
 tagonist Sheridan are conspicuous in the countenance of one 
 of these sibilant birds to the right of the Print. The fact 
 is, Taylor’s disappointment excited little sympathy, from 
 the overweening pomposity of his manners. On the seces- 
 sion of the Portland party, he steadily adhered to Mr. Fox, 
 and continued to support that statesman and his friends 
 during the remainder of his life. Michael Angelo Taylor 
 is now scarcely remembered, except from the Act, which 
 he procured for the improvement of the streets of London, 
 and the removal of nuisances and inconveniences from 
 them, popularly called Michael Angelo Taylor’s Street 
 Act. 
 
 254. 
 
 BUONAPARTE LEAVING EGYPT. March 8th, 1800. 
 
 A satirical representation of an event which changed th*e 
 face of events in France and throughout Europe. The 
 designation of <s The Deserter op the Army of 
 Egypt,” here applied to the hero of Egypt was echoed by 
 many of his countrymen. 
 
 255. 
 
 THE WORN-OUT PATRIOT; OR, THE LAST 
 DYING SPEECH OF THE WESTMINSTER 
 REPRESENTATIVE. Oct. 13th, 1800. 
 
 HARVEY COMBE. FOX. ERSKINE. SIB J. SINCLAIR. 
 
 TIERNEY. 
 
 The Twentieth Anniversary of Fox’s Election 
 for Westminster was celebrated by a dinner at the 
 Shakspeare Tavern, on the 10th of October, 1800. The 
 appearance of Fox at a public meeting, after so prolonged 
 an absence from Parliament, excited intense interest 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 195 
 
 amongst his friends and partisans, who were anxious to 
 hear his sentiments on public affairs, and demonstrate their 
 unabated attachment to him. Before three o’clock the 
 great room at the Shakspeare Tavern overflowed, and 
 shortly^ after every room in the house was filled with com- 
 pany. 
 
 After dinner, Mr. Fox’s health was drank with enthu- 
 siasm. Mr. Fox then addressed the company, and said, 
 tf ‘ During the twenty years I have represented you in Par- 
 liament I have adhered to the principles on which the 
 Revolution of 1688 was founded, and to what have been 
 known as the old Whig principles of England. Amidst all 
 the trying difficulties with which I was surrounded on so 
 many critical occasions, it has been my good fortune to 
 entertain those sentiments, which you have sanctioned by 
 your approbation, and to follow the line of action which 
 has obtained the concurrence of the majority of my con- 
 stituents. Even during the last three years, when I have 
 adopted a system of retirement from public business — a 
 system, which to many appeared of doubtful propriety , and 
 concerning which even my own opinion has been the least 
 decided — yet I have had the good fortune to concur with 
 the Electors of Westminster, and the satisfaction to know 
 that this part of my conduct, whatever difference of opinion 
 might have existed as to its wisdom and policy, has never 
 been imputed to a dereliction of my principles.” 
 
 Mr. Fox then reminded the company, that when he first 
 represented them, the country was engaged in the cala- 
 mitous war with America ; he then took a rapid review of 
 the principal events which had occurred during the last 
 twenty years ; and then continued thus : “ In many of the 
 circumstances which have distinguished that interval, the 
 part which an honest man had to act was difficult to 
 choose and to sustain ; so difficult, indeed, that unless he 
 had formed his conduct upon general principles, applicable 
 to all times and to all events , he must have been unable to 
 
196 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 guide his course in such a manner as to secure the testi- 
 mony of his own mind, and the approbation of his country ; 
 he must have been unequal to the faithful discharge of his 
 public duty, during a series of such eventful years, without 
 a system, just, liberal, and comprehensive. In such a 
 * system I have found the principles on which I was to act, 
 and the conduct I had to pursue . 55 
 
 “ Since that day last January, when, after an absence 
 of some time, I returned to Parliament,* I think there can- 
 not be a doubt entertained respecting the intentions of 
 Ministers. We were then told, by persons high in office, 
 that it was not to be wished that the former negotiation 
 should have succeeded. We were told that the negotiation 
 entered into by Ministers had failed ; yet it had been use- 
 ful, as it had contributed to bring the nation into a solid 
 system of Finance / I confess, therefore, that it is with 
 additional dismay and grief, that I hear the news of a new 
 failure ; because we have reason to apprehend that Minis- 
 ters will consider it as a fortunate circumstance, and that 
 it will prove the forerunner of another solid system of 
 Finance . 55 Mr. Fox, having touched on various other 
 topics, in an eloquent and impressive speech, concluded 
 thus I feel the deepest gratitude to you, and to all the 
 people of England who honour me with their approbation, 
 but I must inform you that I still mean to seclude myself 
 from public business. My time of action was over when 
 those principles were extinguished on which I acted. I 
 have at present no more to say, but that I will steadily 
 adhere to the principles which have guided my past con- 
 duct. These require that I should continue absent from 
 Parliament, but I shall ever maintain that the basis of all 
 politics is Justice — that the basis of all constitutions is the 
 Sovereignty of the People — and that from the People alone, 
 
 * On the discussion on the overtures of peace from the French Consular 
 Government. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 197 
 
 kings, parliaments, judges, and magistrates derive their 
 authority.”* 
 
 In this Print Gillray has depicted Fox as the 
 Worn-out Patriot, making his last dying speech 
 
 TO THE ELECTORS OF WeSTMINSTFR. 
 
 The reader will perceive that the words put into 
 Fox’s mouth are a parody on portions of Fox’s speech, 
 which was perfectly obvious at the time of publication ; 
 but much of the point and sarcasm would be lost at the 
 present day without reference to the extracts we have given. 
 44 Gentlemen, you see I am grown quite an old man in your 
 service ! Twenty years I’ve served you, and always upon 
 the same principles. I rejoice at the success of our enemies 
 in the American war, and the war against the virtuous French 
 has always met with my most determined opposition ; but 
 the infamous Ministry will not make peace with our 
 enemies, and are determined to keep me out of their 
 councils, and out of place. Therefore, gentlemen, as their 
 principles are quite different from mine, and as I am now 
 too old to form myself according to their systems, my 
 attendance in Parliament is useless ! — and to say the truth, 
 I feel that my season of action is' past, and I must leave to 
 younger men to act, for alas ! my failings and weaknesses 
 will not let me now recognize what is for the best.” Erskine 
 is supporting Fox, who appears 46 worn-out,” and to have 
 scarcely strength adequate to the delivery of his speech. 
 A pot of 44 Whitbread’s Entire’’ is placed before him to 
 recruit his nearly exhausted energies. On the left of the 
 print stands Harvey Combe, then Lord Mayor, above his 
 head is 44 Vive la Liberte.’’ He holds in his right hand 
 44 A Petition to the Throne, or a new way to Combe the 
 Minister’s wig.” 
 
 * It is very much to be regretted that a selection of some of Fox’s Speeches 
 at the Whig Club, and to the Electors of Westminster, was not appended to 
 his Parliamentary Speeches, as they often throw light on the politics of the 
 day. 
 
198 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 The supposed cf Worn-out Patriot” lived to form an 
 Administration in 1806, in conjunction with Lord Gren- 
 ville, and to fill the office of Secretary of State for 
 Foreign Affairs, and George III. on the death of Mr. 
 Fox, declared that he had never known the duties of that 
 office more efficiently discharged. 
 
 256. 
 
 THE MAGNANIMOUS ALLY. Jan. 20tli , 1801. 
 
 THE EMPEROR PAUL. 
 
 Mens turpis, corpore turpi. 
 
 The life of Paul I. Emperor of Russia, was diversified 
 by many extraordinary circumstances. He was the son of 
 Peter III. and Catherine II. He was born October 1, 
 1754. He was the victim of the bitter dissensions which 
 then subsisted between his parents. No sooner was his 
 birth announced than Peter III. issued an Ukase, declaring 
 his firm conviction that the child was not his son, and 
 caused this proclamation to be registered in the archives of 
 the empire.* Thus abandoned by his father, his mother 
 confided him to the care of a physician named Epinus, 
 and to Count Panin ; they superintended his early educa- 
 tion, and Paul ever retained a grateful sense of their at- 
 tentions and services. Paul early evinced a disposition for 
 the acquisition of scientific knowledge; but his mother 
 studiously discouraged his attainment of any considerable 
 advance either in literature or science. After the death of 
 his father she entertained great jealousy of her son, and 
 did not permit him to hold any important appointment. 
 She seldom allowed him to appear at Court, probably feel- 
 ing the presence of her son a rebuke on the profligate dis- 
 
 * Catherine took ample revenge on her husband. She caused him to be 
 arrested. The conspirators persuaded him to sign an act of abdication, then 
 imprisoned him in the fortress of Robscha, and within a week poisoned him. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 199 
 
 soluteness of his mother’s private life. It is generally 
 understood that during her last illness she was devising 
 means to prevent his succession to the throne, either by 
 secretly causing his death, or by proclaiming her adoption 
 of her grandson Alexander as her successor, but her death 
 took place before she could carry this design into execution. 
 
 The accession of Paul I. to the throne was hailed with 
 universal joy ; his dismissal of his mother’s favourites was 
 regarded with approbation ; singularly enough, one of the 
 first acts of his government was to order funeral honours 
 to the memory of his father, wdiich his mother had with- 
 held ; considering the conduct of Peter III. on his birth, 
 this was esteemed an exemplary instance of forgiveness 
 and filial reverence. 
 
 He took the earliest opportunity of evincing his ab- 
 horrence of the French Revolution, of French regicides, 
 and the French Constitution and principles. He paid 
 great attention to the exiled French princes, and assigned 
 to Louis XVIII. the palace of Mittau for a residence, and 
 provided him an establishment w r orthy of imperial muni- 
 ficence and royal acceptance . He entered into a treaty of 
 confederation with Austria and England, to furnish a large 
 army to operate against France. In conformity with this 
 stipulation, the formidable Suwarrow advanced to the aid 
 of Austria. His victorious troops advanced as far as 
 Switzerland amidst a series of brilliant successes, and the 
 Emperor despatched another body of troops to co-operate 
 with the English expedition to Holland. 
 
 It might now be said that Europe hailed Paul as its 
 future deliverer from the tyranny of French oppression, 
 and the restorer of sovereigns to their lost thrones. The 
 press now teemed with encomiums on his magnanimity.* 
 
 * Among the encomiastic eulogiums on Paul, which issued from the London 
 press, was one entitled “The Sovereign, a Poem, addressed to the Em- 
 peror of all the Russias, by Charles Small Pybus, one of the Lords 
 
200 
 
 GILLRAY S CARICATURES. 
 
 But alas ! these brilliant visions vanished, and Suwarrow, 
 unsupported by the reinforcements he had expected from 
 Austria, and with a commissariat inadequately provided, 
 was defeated by Massena, and retreated precipitately to 
 Russia, where he was coolly received by the Emperor. 
 The expedition to Holland was equally unsuccessful. The 
 rage of Paul on these combined disasters was excessive. 
 He declared he had been betrayed by the perfidy of the 
 Ministers of Vienna and London, and publicly insulted the 
 Austrian and English Ambassadors at his levee. A fur- 
 ther cause of exasperation soon occurred. The English 
 captured the island of Malta, of which he had chosen to 
 constitute himself Grand Master. He withdrew from his 
 alliance with England and Austria. For some time he re- 
 mained quiescent, and seemed disposed to observe a neu- 
 trality between the belligerents ; when to the astonishment 
 of Europe, there appeared a proclamation in the Court 
 Gazette of St. Petersburgh, stating, that “The Emperor 
 of Russia finding that the Powers of Europe 
 
 CANNOT AGREE AMONG THEMSELVES, AND BEING DE- 
 SIROUS TO PUT AN END TO A WAR, WHICH HAS DESO- 
 LATED IT FOR ELEVEN YEARS, INTENDS TO POINT OUT 
 A SPOT, TO WHICH HE WILL INVITE ALL THE OTHER 
 
 Commissioners of the Treasury.” The opposition wits assailed the Treasury 
 Poetaster with the shafts of ridicule ; the best epigram on the occasion was 
 one in Latin, written by Porson, and put into the mouth of Pye, the Poet 
 Laureate. 
 
 Archi-Poeta — Loquitur. 
 
 “ Non aurum quaerunt, sed Laurum Pittque Pybusque, 
 
 Queis hujus nihil est, illius ampla seges 
 Aurum, non Laurum desiderat Archi-Poeta, 
 
 Tam raro solitus carpere dente cibos, 
 
 Si non de facto, de Jure Poeta Ego, 
 
 Sed nec de facto, nec de Jure Poeta Pybus.” 
 
 On the death of Paul the following distich was circulated : — 
 
 “ The downfall of Paul, 
 
 Makes Pybus sing small.” 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 201 
 
 Sovereigns to repair, to fight in single combat, 
 bringing with them as seconds and esquires, their most 
 enlightened ministers and able generals, such as Thurgot, 
 Pitt, BernstofF, and that the Emperor himself purposes 
 being attended by Generals Count Pahlen and KutusofF.” 
 The imperial Quixote, however, did not find any royal 
 Knight- errant to come forward to break a lance with him, 
 and we presume he considered this as a confession on the 
 part of each monarch, that he was (i impar congressus 
 Achilli.” He who had denounced the French Revolution, 
 and French Government, in unmeasured terms, now ordered 
 a bust of Bonaparte to fill a conspicuous place in his 
 palace, and entered into an alliance, offensive and defensive, 
 with him ; one great object of this treaty was to drive the 
 English out of India, and to humble the maritime supre- 
 macy of England. In furtherance of this latter object, 
 he effected a confederacy of the Northern Powers for the 
 enforcing of the claims of neutrals to a free navigation. 
 
 He soon after began to exhibit decided marks of a dis- 
 ordered mind. He issued the most arbitrary edicts. He 
 did not confine himself to petty acts of annoyance, such as 
 that, No person in the Russian Empire should wear a 
 round hat, &c. but he conducted himself with the most 
 brutal violence to his nobility, and to some of his most 
 distinguished generals. No one felt himself safe from 
 the paroxysms of his rage. The consequence was a con- 
 spiracy formed against his life, and organized notwith- 
 standing the severity and vigilance of his precautions. 
 Twenty conspirators entered the palace by the garden 
 gate. The sentinels at first refused them admission, 
 stating the Emperor had retired to rest ; but they assured 
 them there was a fire in the city. By an extraordinary 
 law of Russia, the Emperor is bound to attend personally 
 at every fire in the capital.* The sentinels confiding in 
 
 * The same law prevails in China. The Emperor of China is bound per- 
 sonally to attend fires in his capital. 
 
202 
 
 GILLRAY S CARICATURES. 
 
 the distinguished generals, whom they recognized, gave 
 admittance ; when they entered the palace, a Cossack on 
 duty, perceiving they were armed, gave a shriek, and was 
 instantly immolated. Paul, however, heard the shriek, and 
 suspecting some treachery rose from his bed, and hid him- 
 self in a closet. The conspirators supposed he had escaped, 
 but General Beningsen feeling the sheets, and finding 
 them warm, was convinced that he was secreted in the 
 room. They discovered and dragged him out of the closet. 
 Paul made considerable resistance ; but after receiving 
 several wounds, was eventually strangled with his own 
 military sash in the night between the 11th and 12th of 
 March. He died in the 47th year of his age, and the fifth 
 of his reign. 
 
 Gillray has chosen for his motto, “ Mens 
 Turpis, Corpore Turpi •/’ but some allowance should 
 be made for his early persecutions both by father and 
 mother. His father had disowned him, and his mother 
 had not only treated him with great rigour, but with 
 almost her dying breath had endeavoured to prevent his 
 succession to the throne. Such unnatural conduct on the 
 part of both parents may have preyed on his mind, and 
 engendered the seeds of insanity, and may be pleaded in 
 extenuation of his brutality of conduct in the latter part of 
 his life. 
 
 257. 
 
 THE UNION CLUB. Jan. 2 1st, 1801. 
 
 TIERNEY. DUKE OF BEDFORD. FOX. PRINCE OF WALES 
 UNDER THE TABLE. LORD STANHOPE. ERSKINE. 
 
 SIR JONAS BARRINGTON. LORD MOIRA. SHERIDAN. 
 
 SIR F. BURDETT. DUKE OF NORFOLK. LORD CHOL- 
 
 MONDELY. MR. MANNERS (iN THE HAT.) LORD KIRKUD- 
 BRIGIIT. STURT. COL. HANGER. MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE. 
 DR. PARR. TYRWIIITT JONES. MARQUIS OF QUEENS- 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 203 
 
 BERRY. NICHOLLS. LORD DERBY. COL. S. MATTHEWS* 
 SIR LUMLEY SKEEFINGTON. 
 
 The present century opened with that important national 
 measure, the Union of Ireland, which created much agita- 
 tion at the time, and among the emanations of popular 
 feeling was the establishment of the Union Club, which 
 held its meetings in Cumberland House, Pall Mall, and 
 which furnished the subject of the present caricature. The 
 Union Club was for a short time exceedingly fashionable, 
 and its festivities were proportionally celebrated. Gillray 
 has made a union of all shades and parties in one great 
 scene of jovial and tumultuous ebriety. The great drinkers 
 of the political stage, including the Prince of Wales, who 
 has involuntarily deserted the presidential chair, and the 
 Duke of Norfolk, are all under the table. Most of the 
 party are easily recognized. Dr. Parr, with his pot of 
 porter, holds a prominent place ; and Lord Lansdowne, the 
 advocate of concession to the Irish Catholics, is using a 
 crucifix for a tobacco stopper. The fashionable pair, Colonel 
 Matthews and Sir Lumley Skeffington, appear together in 
 a state of elevation at the extreme right. 
 
 258. 
 
 INTEGRITY RETIRING FROM OFFICE ! 
 
 February 24£/», 1801. 
 
 JEKYLL. DUKE OF NORFOLK. SIR F. BURDETT. DUKE 
 OF BEDFORD. NICHOLLS. TIERNEY. TYRWHITT 
 
 JONES. SHERIDAN. CANNING. LORD GRENVILLE. 
 
 LORD LOUGHBOROUGH. DUNDAS. PITT. 
 
 On the resignation of Pitt’s Ministry, in the February 
 of 1801. The Whigs whose tattered appearance would 
 certainly entitle them to be classed under the head of 
 i6 improper persons,” are rushing to obtain the places 
 thus vacated, but are held back by the sentinel at the 
 Treasury gate, who perhaps is intended to represent 
 Addington, the Premier who succeeded Pitt. 
 
204 
 
 gillray's caricatures. 
 
 259. 
 
 POLITICAL AMUSEMENTS FOR YOUNG GEN- 
 TLEMEN ; — OR, THE OLD BRENTFORD 
 SHUTTLECOCK BETWEEN OLD SARUM AND 
 THE TEMPLE OF ST. STEPHEN. 
 
 March 15th, 1801. 
 
 LORD TEMPLE. HORNE TOOKE. LORD CAMELFORD. 
 
 Lord Camelford and Lord Temple are playing Battle- 
 door and Shuttlecock in St. Stephen’s Chapel. The 
 shuttlecock is Florae Tooke’s head, into which five feathers 
 are inserted, each bearing an inscription. — 44 Deceit.” — 
 64 Vanity.” — 44 Jacobinism.” — 44 New Morality.” — 44 Envy.” 
 — A clerical band is fastened under the shuttlecock. Lord 
 Camelford* calls out, 44 There’s a stroke for you, messmate, 
 and if you kick him back, I’ll return him again, damme 
 If I should be sent a cruise to Moorfields for it ! Go it, 
 Coz.” Lord Temple answers : 44 Send him back ? Yes, 
 I’ll send him back twenty thousand times before such a 
 high flying Jacobin shuttlecock should perch it here in 
 his clerical band.” On Lord Camelford’s coat pocket is 
 inscribed, 44 Effusions of Loyalty and on the ground 
 between his legs lies 44 List of Candidates for Old Sarum, 
 J. H. Tooke, Black Dick,t and Thelwall.” 
 
 Mr. Horne, who afterwards assumed the name of 
 Tooke, was born in 1734. He was the son of a poulterer 
 in Newport Market. His father bestowed on him a liberal 
 education. He placed him first at Westminster School, 
 and in 1754 sent him to St. John’s College, Cambridge, 
 
 * Lord Camelford was a Lieutenant in the Navy. 
 
 t Black Dick. It was currently reported that Lord Camelford had declared 
 his intention of returning his Black Servant for Old Sarum in case the House 
 annulled the election of Horne Tooke. Lord Camelford very properly dis- 
 claimed ever having entertained the intention of offering so gross an insult to 
 the House. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 205 
 
 where he distinguished himself by his assiduity and pro- 
 ficiency in his studies. It was his most anxious wish to 
 have devoted himself to the study of the Law, and to have 
 pursued it as a profession ; but was induced to enter the 
 Church by the importunate solicitations of his father. He 
 was ordained Priest in 1760, and in the same year was 
 instituted into the living of New Brentford, which was 
 said to have been purchased for him by his father. He 
 here discharged the duties of a parish priest for some 
 years in an exemplary manner. In 1763 he accompanied 
 the son of the celebrated Elwes to France as his travelling 
 tutor, or, as he himself expressed it, as “ bear-leader. 5 * 
 They remained a year in France, principally at Paris, and 
 the society and enjoyments afforded by that gay metropolis 
 were most probably more congenial to his taste than the 
 duties of the parish priest of New Brentford. At the 
 expiration of the year he returned to his vicarage, and 
 resumed his clerical duties, and he might now perhaps 
 say, 
 
 “ While yet no patriot project pushing, 
 
 Content I thump’d old Brentford’s cushion, 
 
 I passed my life so free and gaily, 
 
 Not dreaming of that damned Old Bailey.” 
 
 At Paris, however, he had formed an acquaintance with 
 Wilkes, and this is supposed to have given him the first 
 taste for politics. At a subsequent period he took an 
 active part in the Middlesex Election, and by his exertions 
 greatly promoted the interest of Wilkes. He now plunged 
 deeper into politics. Wilkes and Tooke subsequently 
 quarrelled, and a most vituperative correspondence ensued 
 between them ; it would be difficult to decide to which the 
 palm of scurrility should be assigned. He contended 
 with Junius, with keener, and more polished weapons, 
 and is allowed to be the only antagonist of that formidable 
 assailant, who retired unscathed from the field, and even 
 left the victory doubtful. 
 
206 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 Our limits will not permit us to follow Horne through 
 the whole course of his political life, we can only glance at 
 some of the leading events of it ; particularly his election 
 as member for Old Sarum, as that involved a great con- 
 stitutional question. 
 
 In 1773 he resigned his vicarage of New Brentford, and 
 applied himself to the study of the Law. He entered 
 himself as a student at the Inner Temple, and regularly 
 took his commons there. The kindness of four friends 
 enabled him to do this, by presenting him with a joint 
 bond, engaging to pay him an annuity of £480., to remain 
 in force till he was called to the Bar. While he was 
 pursuing his legal studies, he rendered an important ser- 
 vice to Mr. WTlliam Tooke, one of the friends who had 
 granted the annuity bond. Mr. Tooke despondingly 
 stated to Mr. Horne, that his estate at Purley (near God- 
 stone, in Surrey), was about to suffer a most serious 
 depreciation by the oppressive conduct of a neighbouring 
 landed proprietor, who, unable to wrest his manorial rights 
 from him by a vexatious lawsuit, had now r resorted to the 
 decisive expedient of an Act of Parliament, to deprive him 
 of them by an inclosure bill. He said the bill had been 
 smuggled through the House ; every attempt of his 
 Counsel to place the matter in its true light, and convince 
 the Committee of the injustice of the clauses affecting his 
 interest had failed by the Parliamentary influence of his 
 opponent. He added, the bill was to be read the third 
 time the next day, and there was no doubt it would be 
 carried. Horne answered : “ If the facts are as you have 
 represented, the Hovse shall not pass that bill” He had 
 recourse to a most extraordinary device, wdiich w T ould have 
 occurred to few persons, and still fewer would have had 
 the courage or audacity to put in execution. He instantly 
 wrote a most virulent libel on the Speaker (Sir Fletcher 
 Norton), charging him with robbing an individual of his 
 property in order to enrich a favoured person. He then 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 207 
 
 repaired to the office of the Public Advertiser, and desired 
 to have it inserted in the next day’s paper. Woodfall told 
 him the article was so flagrant a libel on the Speaker, that 
 it was impossible the House should pass it over. He would, 
 however, insert it on condition that Horne would consent 
 to his giving up the name of the author. Horne assured 
 him this was the object he coveted. The following day, 
 as soon as the House of Commons met, Woodfall was 
 ordered to be taken into custody, by the Serjeant at Arms, 
 for this libellous attack on the dignity and honour of the 
 House of Commons. He gave up the name of the writer, 
 and Horne, who was standing by his side at the Bar, 
 avowed himself to be the author. The announcement of 
 his name excited a great sensation ; Woodfall was dis- 
 charged, and Horne taken into custody. When called 
 upon for his defence, he disclaimed all intention of insult 
 to the Speaker, and professed the highest respect for his 
 impartiality ; but he had had recourse to this artifice as the 
 only means of drawing the attention of the House and the 
 public to the atrocious injustice of the Bill. He then in 
 a calm manner and most luminous speech analysed the 
 Bill, and shewed the great injustice which would be 
 inflicted by it. His statement produced conviction on his 
 auditory, the obnoxious clauses were expunged, and his 
 friend’s property saved from the intended spoliation. The 
 House also passed resolutions to prevent the possibility of 
 such negligence of examination occurring in the passing 
 of all future bills of inclosure. 
 
 One difficulty remained to the House, — how to dispose 
 of Horne ! It seemed impossible to punish a man for an act, 
 which was admitted to have been the means of saving the 
 House from committing a flagrant act of injustice. They 
 therefore chose to resolve, that Mr. Horne be discharged 
 from the custody of the Serjeant-at-Arms, as there was 
 not sufficient proof of his being the author of the libel ! 
 This was amusing enough, as he had commenced his 
 
 p 
 
208 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 address by avowing the authorship ; but the House, dis- 
 covering its error respecting the Bill, would not allow him 
 to criminate himself. Mr. Tooke was delighted with the 
 result, and at his death bequeathed him the estate at 
 Purley, and requested he would assume the name of 
 Tooke in addition to Horne. 
 
 When the period of calling him to the bar arrived at 
 maturity, the Benchers of the Inner Temple refused to call 
 him on account of his having been ordained a priest. We 
 do not question the propriety of this decision ; but we 
 think it would have been only candid, and even just, to 
 have informed him of the alleged impediment at the period 
 of enrolling his name as a student on the books of their 
 society, and suffering him to spend several years in study- 
 ing a profession under their auspices, without communi- 
 cating to him the fruitlessness of the pursuit. 
 
 In 1790 he was a candidate to represent the City of 
 Westminster. In 1794 he was arrested and tried for 
 High Treason, and was acquitted.* He displayed extra- 
 ordinary acuteness and talents in aiding his Counsel, 
 Erskine and Gibbs, on that occasion. In 1798 he again 
 stood unsuccessfully for Westminster. 
 
 In 1801 he was returned to Parliament for the borough 
 of Old Sarum on the nomination of Lord Camelford. 
 
 On the 16th of February he was introduced to the 
 House of Commons by Sir Francis Burdett and Mr. Wil- 
 son. The gravest countenances relaxed into a smile, when 
 they saw the new Speaker, Sir John Mitford, cordially 
 shake him by the hand and congratulate him on his elec- 
 tion. It was fresh in the recollection of all, that, the same 
 Sir John Mitford only seven years before had endeavoured, 
 in a speech of five hours and a half, to persuade a jury to 
 
 * Windham, adverting to the acquittal of Horne Tooke and his associates, 
 intemperately called them ‘ £ Acquitted Felons.” Sheridan reminded him 
 that there were some “ Unacquitted Felons” in the country. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 209 
 
 convict him of high treason, and subject him to all the 
 dreadful penalties attached to that crime. As soon as 
 Horne Tooke had taken his seat, Earl Temple rose and 
 said, “ he had observed a gentleman, who had just retired 
 from the table, after having taken the oaths, whom he 
 considered to be incapable of a seat in that House, in con- 
 sequence of his having taken Priest’s Orders, and been 
 inducted into a living. He should wait the allotted time 
 of fourteen days to see if there was any petition presented 
 against the return, if not, he should then move that the 
 return for Old Sarum be taken into consideration.” 
 Feb. 19th, he spoke on Mr. Sturt*s motion relative to the 
 failure of the Ferrol Expedition. In the course of his 
 speech he remarked, “ If the House refuse to go into a 
 Committee of Inquiry, with what propriety can they enter 
 into the merits of the return for Old Sarum and its 
 member ? How can they plunge themselves into inquiries 
 and discussions about who is, and who is not a priest, and 
 whether a thirty years* quarantine is not sufficient to guard 
 against the infection of his original character?” 
 
 On the 10th of March Lord Temple moved for the ap- 
 pointment of a Committee to obtain proofs of the ordination 
 of Horne, and to search for precedents respecting the eligi- 
 bility of a clergyman. He supported his motion by a very 
 elaborate speech. Horne commenced his reply by declar- 
 ing, that much unnecessary time would be wasted in the 
 search for proof of his having taken orders. “ I would,” 
 said he, “ have saved his Lordship the trouble, acknow- 
 ledging then, as I do now, that upwards of forty years I was 
 ordained a Priest. Sir, I then understood from your 
 authority (addressing the Speaker) that such admission 
 cannot be received, and acted upon by this House. I ought 
 to have some knowledge of the proceedings of this House, 
 for I have been in the custody of the Serjeant-at-Arms, 
 and from that knowledge I aver that it is the constant 
 practice of this House to take the admission of parties as 
 
210 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 evidence of facts. ‘ Habes confitentem reum/ I ask is 
 there any specific or positive law against my sitting in this 
 House ? That there is not, is pretty evident from the course 
 now pursued. The Grenville Act for regulating decisions 
 on controverted elections does not exclude me. Will it be 
 said the Canon law does ? Will this House acknowledge 
 the Canon law to be binding on the proceedings of this 
 House,, and can the Canon law bind a person, who has 
 taken clerical orders and renounced them ? Must we have 
 recourse to the old proverb, c Once a captain always a 
 captain/ ” He concluded a very able speech, thus : te I am 
 sorry to have troubled the House so long. I will just by 
 the way observe that, I not only entreat, but call upon the 
 House to pay but little regard to any observation, which 
 some men may make upon their having a large Stake in 
 the country, from whence they would infer that, that is 
 every security, which can be desired for their public virtue. 
 Sir, I have a Stake, and a deep Stake in this country — 
 my character, a Stake not stolen from the public hedge,* 
 but planted there ; a Stake that I would not change with 
 the noble Lord, — and all his connexions put together. 
 His Stake cannot be augmented or increased but out of 
 the Public Stock ; but mine is augmented when I can add 
 to the common stock of happiness and public benefit of 
 mankind/’ Lord Templets motion was carried. See 
 Hansard’s Debates, Vol. 35. 
 
 The Report of the Committee having been presented to 
 the House ; Lord Temple, on the 4th of May, moved that 
 
 * This alludes to an occurrence in a debate a few years before, when Tierney, 
 having strongly condemned the continuance of the war, said, that it was 
 chiefly supported by Placemen, expectant Placemen, or persons deriving a 
 profit from it, and not by independent men. Lord Temple in reply said, in a 
 haughty manner, that the honourable gentleman must at least allow that he 
 was an independent member, and that he and his family had a large Stake in 
 the country. Tierney retorted that the Noble Lord had told them that he and 
 his family held a large Stake in the country , but he had omitted to add that, 
 it was stolen from the public hedge. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES, 
 
 211 
 
 the Rev. John Horne Tooke having been ordained a priest 
 was ineligible to sit in this House. He supported his 
 motion in a very elaborate speech. Tooke replied with 
 great ability, and contended that the Noble Lord had failed 
 to make out a case. “ I have been told that I have a vote 
 in the Convocation. It is above forty years since I took 
 orders, and I never once was summoned to the Convocation,* 
 spoke in it, or gave a vote in it. They say it is improper for 
 a clergyman to sit in this house ; do things then pass here 
 improper for a clergyman to witness. The door, however, 
 is not absolutely barred against me. There is an unfortu- 
 nate clergyman, who has lately been guilty of adultery, 
 and the cry has been loud that he should be deprived. 
 Were he really deprived. Sir, I suppose there cannot be a 
 doubt that being no longer in orders he would be eligible 
 to a seat in this House. But still, Sir, they object to me 
 on account of being a clergyman. If I had been tainted 
 with infidelity, and tried to make proselytes to it, I should 
 then be as competent to sit here as any member present. 
 This reminds me of an occurrence which took place in this 
 city a few years ago. A poor girl in very indigent cir- 
 cumstances, and quite destitute, went to a director of the 
 Magdalen Hospital, and applied to be taken in. ‘ Why/ 
 said he, c ’tis true there is now a vacancy, and I have 
 no objection to admit you; but first let me hear something 
 of your history. Who seduced you ? Where have you lived 
 since ? 5 c Seduced me/ exclaimed the girl, C I am as 
 innocent as the child unborn. I may be poor, your honour, 
 but I 5 m very honest . 5 c You wont do for us then,’ replied 
 the Governor, e if you wish admittance here you must go 
 and qualify yourself by prostitution ! 5 f That innocence 
 
 * Mr. Fox in the course of his speech quoted from a poet who introduced 
 common sense as a Queen governing the world by her sway. 
 
 “ Fair Common Sense, whilst thou on earth dost reign, 
 
 The Convocation will not meet again.” 
 
 t This anecdote of the worthy Governor of the Magdalen recalls to our 
 
212 
 
 GILLRAY S CARICATURES. 
 
 should in any way be a disqualification !” He then con- 
 tinued, To exercise the functions of the Ministry a clergy- 
 man must have preferment, or the licence of the bishop, and 
 the moment he is deprived of them he ceases to be a priest. 
 The Rev. Dr. Walker defended the town of Londonderry, 
 when the military had fled, and thus prevented it from 
 falling into the hands of James II. King William was so 
 highly pleased with his gallantry, and felt so grateful for 
 his services that he wished to make him a bishop. But 
 no ; the bishops interfered ; a man stained with blood, they 
 said, was unfit to officiate in that sacred character. King 
 William, however, gave him a regiment, and he died in 
 Flanders, fighting bravely by his side. He made as good 
 a colonel as if he had never entered the church. W e are 
 perseveringly told a clergyman should not discharge any 
 other duty than those of his profession. The present 
 Bishop of Lincoln, Dr. Prettyman, was private secretary 
 to Mr. Pitt; and the present Bishop of Meath (Dr. 
 O’Beirne), was private secretary to the Duke of Portland. 
 It is not long since a gentleman sat in this House, who 
 was then a Colonel of Militia, and who had formerly been 
 in orders.” Lord Temple’s motion was negatived, and the 
 previous question carried. This confirmed Horne Tooke’s 
 right to sit in the House. Mr. Addington, as soon as the 
 division was announced, gave notice of his intention to 
 bring in a bill to disqualify clergymen to sit in future, 
 and this bill was passed into a law. Tooke continued to 
 sit during the remainder of the Parliament. In 1802 
 Parliament was dissolved, and he was no longer eligible. 
 
 Tooke acquired a high and permanent reputation by 
 
 recollection an incident in Foote’s Farce of the Minor, — “Mrs. Cole: Come 
 along Lucy, you bashful baggage, I thought I had silenced your scruples. 
 Don’t you remember what Mr. Squintum said, ‘ A woman’s not worth saving 
 that won’t be guilty of a swinging sin, for then she has matter to repent 
 upon.’ ” Act 3, scene 1. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 213 
 
 The Diversions of Purley,”* which has procured him a 
 distinguished place among British Philologists. He died in 
 March 1812. 
 
 260. 
 
 LILLIPUTIAN SUBSTITUTES, EQUIPPING FOR 
 PUBLIC SERVICE. May 28th, 1801. 
 
 LORD ELDON. ADDINGTON. LORD HAWKESBURY. CHARLES 
 
 yorke (who succeeded Windham as Secretary at War), lord 
 hobart. vansittart and j. h. addington (Secretaries of 
 the Treasury.) 
 
 A satire upon the incapacity, as it was said by their 
 opponents, of the Ministers who succeeded Pitt’s Cabinet. 
 The print, with its inscriptions, sufficiently explains itself. 
 
 261. 
 
 PRELIMINARIES OF PEACE !— OR, JOHN BULL 
 AND HIS LITTLE FRIENDS MARCHING TO 
 PARIS. October 6th , 1801. 
 
 LORD MOIRA. FOX. GEN. WALPOLE. SHERIDAN. M. A. 
 TAYLOR. SIR F. BURDETT. LORD DERBY. NICHOLLS. 
 TIERNEY. DUKE OF NORFOLK. LORD HAWKESBURY. 
 
 Lord Hawkesbury, who was now Minister of Foreign 
 affairs, in one of his speeches at the commencement of 
 the war, spoke of marching to Paris, and here he is 
 introduced as putting his threat into effect, but not in a 
 very hostile manner. The preliminaries of the hollow 
 peace of 1801 were signed on the 1st of October. 
 
 * The title of this work was derived from the name of the estate bequeathed 
 him by Mr. Tooke. 
 
214 
 
 GILLRAY^S CARICATURES. 
 
 262. 
 
 POLITICAL DREAMINGS !— VISIONS OF PEACE! 
 PERSPECTIVE HORRORS ! November 9th, 1801. 
 
 PITT. FOX. LORD HAWKESBURY. BUONAPARTE. M. A. 
 TAYLOR. WINDHAM. LORD DERBY. NICHOLLS. 
 
 GEN. WALPOLE. COL. HANGER. ERSKINE. SHERIDAN. 
 SIR F. BURDETT. DUKE OF BEDFORD. DUKE OF NORFOLK. 
 TIERNEY. 
 
 On the warm debates in Parliament upon the prelimi- 
 naries of peace. Windham was the leader of the Opposi- 
 tion to the peace, and indulged in prognostications which 
 the friends of the peace declared to be of the most 
 visionary character. 
 
 263. 
 
 PREPARING FOR THE GRAND ATTACK;— OR, 
 A PRIVATE REHEARSAL OF THE CI-DE- 
 VANT MINISTRY IN DANGER. Dec . 4th, 1801. 
 
 SHERIDAN. HORNE TOOKE. FOX. SIR F. BURDETT. 
 
 Sir Francis Burdett receiving instructions in political 
 warfare from the three great Opposition orators of the day. 
 Soon after this period, on the 12th of April, 1802, Burdett 
 brought forward a motion to inquire into the conduct of 
 the late Ministry. It was for this display that he is here 
 supposed to be preparing. 
 
 264. 
 
 THE NATIONAL PARACHUTE,— OR, JOHN 
 BULL CONDUCTED TO PLENTY AND EMAN- 
 CIPATION. July 10 th, 1802. 
 
 JOHN BULL. PITT. 
 
 On PitPs financial schemes. The parachute was the 
 fashionable invention of the day. It is related in the 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 215 
 
 Journals of the 21st of September, 1802, very soon after 
 the date of this plate, that M. Garnerin (a celebrated 
 aeronaut) descended on that day in a parachute. This newly 
 invented machine is described as made of canvas in the 
 form of an umbrella, having at the top a large flexible hoop 
 of about eight feet in diameter. Beneath this was a basket 
 or tube of wicker work , in which the aeronaut was seated. 
 
 265. 
 
 SKETCHES OF THE INTERIOR OF ST. STE- 
 PHEN’S AS IT NOW STANDS. March 1 st, 1802. 
 
 LORD HAWKESBURY. DICKINSON. NICHOLES. TIERNEY. 
 ADDINGTON. ABBOT. 
 
 The new Minister addressing the House, and surrounded 
 by his supporters* a heterogeneous mass of Whigs and 
 Tories. Lord Hawkesbury is seated behind him in his 
 usual pensive attitude. 
 
 266. 
 
 HOPE. April 8th, 1802. 
 
 MR. DICKENSON. LORD HAWKESBURY. ADDINGTON. 
 
 The group within the House is nearly the same as that 
 pourtrayed in the above print. Dickenson, who is look- 
 ing in from the lobby, listens to the hopeful promises of 
 the ministerial orator. 
 
 267. 
 
 DESPAIR. April 8th , 1802. 
 
 ROBSON. TYRWHITT JONES. MARTIN. SIR F. BURDETT. 
 
 In this Gillray makes Robson thus address the Speaker : 
 — “ We are all ruinated, Sir! all diddled, Sir ! abused by 
 placemen. Sir! bankrupts all, Sir! not worth £16. 10s 
 Sir!” Behind him is Tyrwhitt Jones, who has inscribed 
 on his coat : — “ Ignorance of the old Administration ; 
 
216 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 Stupidity of the new Administration ; Ministerial Tricks ; 
 Plunder ; Blunder ; Collusion ; Impeachment ; Banish- 
 ment .” 
 
 This refers to an occurrence in the House of Commons. 
 Robson, who during the secession of the Whigs had been 
 a constant attendant on Parliamentary duties, on the 4th 
 of March, 1802, in a Committee of Supply, after expatiat- 
 ing on the extravagant expenditure of the country, ob- 
 served : — ctf The finances of the country were in so 
 desperate a situation, that Government was unable to 
 discharge its bills ; for a fact had come within his know- 
 ledge, of a bill accepted by Government having been 
 dishonoured/’ The Chancellor of the Exchequer (Ad- 
 dington) said:-— “The House ought to expect of the 
 Hon. Gentleman to state the precise fact to which he 
 had alluded ; and name a day on which he would bring 
 it forward, and prove it ; if he did not, the next step would 
 be for the House to proceed and censure him for the use of 
 such expression ; for no man ought to make a heavy charge 
 against Government any more than individuals, and allege 
 a fact for the basis of such charge without being prepared 
 to bring proof of such fact.” Poor Robson seems to have 
 been afraid of being sent to the Tower, and said, te it was 
 an expression which came out in the warmth of speech.” 
 But Martin, the banker, # Member for Tewkesbury, 
 
 * Martin was a plain-spoken, rough, independent Member of Parliament. 
 He sat in Parliament many years for the borough of Tewkesbury. He con- 
 scientiously supported Whig principles : but when Fox formed the coalition 
 with Lord North, Martin scarcely ever addressed the House without denounc- 
 ing the coalition in the most bitter terms, as a compromise of principles. One 
 day he said he wished the House would order a starling to be placed in it, to 
 occasionally call out, “ Coalition, cursed Coalition.” Fox good- 
 humouredly replied, the Hon. Member might save himself the trouble of pro- 
 curing the bird ; for while he remained a Member of the House, he would 
 perform to admiration the proposed office of the starling. Martin, however, 
 could not long support Tory measures, and returned to the ranks of the Whigs, 
 and remained with them during the remainder of his Parliamentary career. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 217 
 
 advanced to his rescue, and quieted his fears. He 
 said, that an acceptance of the Sick and Hurt Office, in 
 his hands , had been presented, and had met the fate de- 
 scribed by the Hon. Member. Addington now said, 
 “ Whether or not the bill was paid, remains to be proved ; 
 but my information comes from the same source as the 
 Hon. Member derives his accusation. At all events, the 
 instance of the Hon. Member of the insolvency of Govern- 
 ment is a bill of £19. 7 Robson now took courage, 
 and replied, “ that was so much the worse, as the bill was 
 in the hands of a poor man who wanted the money.”— 
 Hansard , vol. 36, p. 347-50. 
 
 268. 
 
 THE NURSERY;— WITH BRITANNIA REPOSING 
 IN PEACE December Ath, 1802. 
 
 LORD HAWKESBURY. FOX. ADDINGTON. 
 
 One of the happiest of Gillray’s satires. Fox, who was 
 a zealous advocate of peace, and had lately been presented 
 to Napoleon in Paris, is joined with the two Ministers as a 
 triumvirate of nurses around Britannia’s apparently peace- 
 ful cradle. In this and the following plates, the brief and 
 unsubstantial peace of 1802 seems to have brought out 
 the artist’s best vein. 
 
 269. 
 
 INTRODUCTION OF CITIZEN VOLPONE AND 
 HIS SUITE, AT PARIS. Nov. 1 5th, 1802. 
 
 NAPOLEON. MRS. FOX. FOX. ERSKINE. 
 
 ARTHUR O’CONNOR. LORD AND LADY HOLLAND. 
 
 The First Consul Buonaparte is holding a Levee, seated 
 in a Chair of State, with one hand held out to welcome 
 Fox, who, in full court dress, is making a very low bow 
 to him : on Fox’s coat pocket is inscribed, u Original 
 Jacobin Manuscript.” Mrs. Fox is curtesy ing to Buonaparte. 
 
218 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 Erskine, dressed in his forensic gown and wig, is bowing. 
 Lord and Lady Holland are standing behind Fox. The 
 figure prostrated on the ground, whose face cannot be 
 seen, has a scroll above his head, inscribed “ Revolutionary 
 Odes by Citizen Bow-ba-daro 5 ’ (Bob Adair) is Robert 
 Adair (now the Rt. Hon. Sir Robert Adair), and on his body 
 is 66 Intelligence for the Morning Chronicle/ 5 to intimate 
 that he was a correspondent of that newspaper. The tall 
 figure, standing on the left of Buonaparte, with a scroll 
 inscribed, Trial of (PConnor, Maidstone/ 5 is Arthur 
 O’Connor. 
 
 We have already stated* that when Mr. Fox seceded 
 from his attendance in Parliament in 1797 he resolved to 
 devote a portion of his time to literary pursuits, and 
 occupy himself with some literary undertaking. At first 
 he meditated an * c Essay on Racine and Defence of the 
 French Stage/ 5 — afterwards a Treatise on the Beauties of 
 Euripides — and subsequently he projected a Complete 
 Edition of Dryden 5 s Works, illustrated with notes; there 
 being at that time no collected edition of the works of that 
 eminent writer, to whom Sir Walter Scott assigns the 
 third place among English Classics. Mr. Fox was not 
 only an enthusiastic admirer of his poetry, but he con- 
 sidered his prose compositions to afford the purest speci- 
 mens of genuine English diction, and standard of excel- 
 lencef for beauty and harmony of style. 
 
 These designs were successively laid aside, and he 
 
 * See No. 199, p. 134. 
 
 t So great was Fox’s admiration of the style of Dryden, that in composing 
 his History, he at first intended not to use any word which had not been 
 sanctioned by Dryden’s authority. He, however, esteemed the Commentaries 
 of Blackstone and the writings of Middleton (the author of the Life of 
 Cicero) models of pure English. The late Dr. Parr was equally impressed 
 with the purity and beauty of Middleton’s English style, “ stylus est ejus ita 
 purus ac suavis, salebris sine ullis profluens, ut numeros videatur complecti, 
 quales in alio quopiam (prseter Addisonum) frustra queesiveris .”— Prcefatio ad 
 Bellendenum. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES 
 
 219 
 
 eventually engaged in writing a History of James II. and 
 the Revolution. He was naturally solicitous to obtain 
 access to original papers and documents, which might 
 throw new light on the period. The Peace of Amiens pre- 
 sented a favourable opportunity, and he resolved to visit 
 France, and examine the archives of the Foreign office at 
 Paris. 
 
 On the 29 th of July he left St. Anne’s Hill, accompanied 
 by Mrs. Fox, Mr. St. John (afterwards Lord St. John), 
 and Mr. Trotter, subsequently his Private Secretary. On 
 arriving at Calais he was received with great distinction. 
 The Municipal officers expressed a wish to entertain him 
 with a dinner ; but he politely declined, assigning as a 
 reason his anxiety to proceed on his journey. At Lisle he 
 was persuaded to accept an invitation of the Municipal 
 authorities and the Officers of the Army. We cannot 
 accompany him in his tour through the Netherlands and 
 Holland ; but must confine ourselves to the period of his 
 arrival and residence at the Hotel de Richlieu at Paris. 
 
 One of his first visits was to the Theatre Fran5ois to 
 witness the representation of the Andromaque of his 
 favourite Racine. He revisited that theatre in a few days 
 to be present at the performance of the Phedre of Racine. 
 <e On this occasion (says Trotter) he was very soon recog- 
 nized by the audience in the pit, every eye was fixed on 
 him, and every tongue resounded, Fox ! Fox ! The whole 
 audience stood up, and the applause was universal. He 
 alone, to whom all this admiration was paid, was embar- 
 rassed. His friends were gratified by the honour bestowed 
 on this great man. It was that reward which Crowned 
 Heads cannot purchase, — respect and gratitude from his 
 fellow men, for his exertions in favour of humanity, and an 
 honourable peace. So unwilling was Mr. Fox to receive 
 the applause as personal, that he could not be prevailed 
 upon to stand forward ; nor when his name repeatedly pro- 
 nounced left no doubt of the matter, could he bring him- 
 
220 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 self to make any obedience, or gesture of thanks. No 
 man had ever less vanity, or rather was so totally devoid 
 of it as Mr. Fox, and perhaps through the genuine 
 modesty of his nature, he seemed deficient on this occa- 
 sion, in respect to the audience. The First Consul was 
 present in his box.’* See Trotter’s Memoirs of the latter 
 years of Fox, p. 204-5. 
 
 We shall now proceed to give Mr. Trotter’s account of 
 Fox's introduction to Buonaparte at a levee held at the 
 Tuilleries ; only premising that as they passed through 
 some of the State Rooms, Fox and his friends could not 
 fail to observe busts of himself and Lord N elson, occupying 
 conspicuous places. “ We reached the interior apartment 
 where Buonaparte, First Consul, surrounded by his 
 Generals, Ministers, Senators, and Officers, stood betwixt 
 the Second and Third Consuls, Le Brun and Cambaceres, 
 in the centre of a semicircle at the head of the room. The 
 numerous assemblage from the Salle des Ambassadeurs, 
 formed into another semicircle, joined themselves to that 
 at the head of which stood the First Consul. Buonaparte, 
 of a small and by no means commanding figure, dressed 
 plainly, though richly, in the embroidered Consular coat, 
 without powder in his hair, looked at first view like a 
 private gentleman, indifferent as to dress, and devoid of all 
 haughtiness in his air. The two other Consuls, large and 
 heavy men, seemed pillars too cumbrous to support them- 
 selves, and during the Levee were sadly at a loss what to 
 do, whether the snuff-box or the pocket handkerchief was 
 to be appealed to, or the left leg exchanged for the right. 
 As soon as the circle was formed, Buonaparte began 
 with the Spanish Ambassador, then went to the American, 
 with whom he spoke some time, and so on, performing his 
 part with ease and very agreeably, until he came to the 
 English Ambassador, who, after the presentation of some 
 English noblemen, announced Mr. Fox. Buonaparte was 
 a good deal flurried, and after indicating considerable 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 221 
 
 emotion very rapidly said, “ Ah, Mr. Fox! I have heard 
 with pleasure of your arrival ! I have desired much to see 
 you. I have long admired in you the orator, and friend 
 of his country, who, in constantly raising his voice for 
 peace, consulted that country’s best interests — those of 
 Europe and of the human race. The two Great Nations 
 of Europe require peace ; they have nothing to fear, they 
 ought to understand and value one another. In you, Mr. 
 Fox, I see with much satisfaction that Great Statesman 
 who recommended peace, because there was no just object 
 of war, who saw Europe desolated to no purpose, and who 
 struggled for its relief.” Mr. Fox said little or rather 
 nothing in reply ; — to a complimentary address to himself 
 he always found repugnance to answer, nor did he bestow 
 one word of admiration or applause upon the extraordinary 
 and elevated character, who addressed him. A few ques- 
 tions and answers, relative to Fox’s tour, terminated the 
 interview.” See Trotter’s Memoirs. 
 
 As we have given the preceding account of the interview 
 between Buonaparte and Fox from the narrative of Trotter, 
 the reader perhaps may be gratified to see it confirmed by 
 an extract from the Memoires de Constant, Premier Valet 
 de Chambre del’Empereur sur la Vie Privee de Napoleon. 
 Paris, 1830, Vol. iii. p. 66. “ Le Premier Consul s’avan9a 
 vers M. Fox et lui dit je me felicite de vous voir a Paris, 
 Monsieur. II y a long temps que je vous admire comme 
 orateur, et comme sincere ami de votre pays a qui vous 
 etes si desireux de rendre la Paix. Je suis tres heureux 
 de faire votre connaissance. A ces paroles il ajouta 
 plusieurs complimens, qui, dans la bouche d’un homme si 
 extraordinaire ne pouvaient qu’etre tres-agreables a M. 
 Fox.” 
 
 The shyness or modesty of Fox, which prevented his 
 making the slightest acknowledgment of the compliment 
 paid him on this occasion, is greatly to be regretted, and 
 must have been a disappointment to Buonaparte, as if he 
 
222 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 underrated its value. This is clear from the account of 
 Fox in the Biographie Universelle, “Fox approuva le 
 traite d’ Amiens et partit l’annee suivante pour Paris. II 
 fut tres bien accueili dans cette capitale, et le Premier 
 Consul Buonaparte lui adressa les discours les plus flatteurs, 
 sans reussir a lui inspirer une haute idee de sa personnel 
 In the same valuable work we find this testimony to the 
 merit of Trotter’s Memoirs, “ Ces Memoires ecrits avec 
 toute la partialite de l’amitie nous ont paru tres precieux, 
 non seulement pour les details qu’on y trouve sur le sujet 
 du livre, mais aussi par des jugements sur nombre de 
 personages Fra^ais et Etrangers.” — Vol. 15. 
 
 The next person who was presented to the First Consul 
 was Erskine. Buonaparte merely said to him, 66 Etes vous 
 legiste — are you a lawyer ?” This must have been a great 
 disappointment to one so sensitive as Erskine, and whose 
 celebrity in his own country must have led him to expect 
 a more distinguished reception. 
 
 Mr. Fox attended a second levee of the First Consul, 
 and was invited to dinner, it being the practice of Buona- 
 parte to invite some of the most distinguished persons who 
 had been presented at the preceding levee. At dinner 
 Buonaparte indignantly expressed his dislike of the mem- 
 bers of Pitt’s late. Cabinet, and even designated Windham 
 by name, as the projector and abettor of “ the infernal 
 machine.” Since the secession of the Portland party, 
 Windham had particularly distinguished himself by the 
 asperity of his attacks on Fox and his principles ; but the 
 nature of Fox was too lofty and generous to countenance 
 for a moment this unfounded charge, and he used every 
 effort to remove the impression from the mind of Buona- 
 parte. 
 
 During his residence at Paris he attended every morning 
 at the Foreign Office, accompanied by Mr. Adair, St. 
 John, and Trotter, who assisted him in copying such do- 
 cuments as he esteemed useful to him. Every facility was 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 223 
 
 given to his researches, and he obtained transcripts of 
 many important dispatches of Barillon, and some unpub- 
 lished correspondence of D’Avaux. 
 
 We must now bring our narrative to a conclusion. 
 Every attention was paid to Fox during his sojourn at 
 Paris. On visiting the Mint they struck a medal in 
 honour of the occasion. Talleyrand entertained him to 
 dinner with great splendour. Many other distinguished 
 persons paid him similar attentions. He was particularly 
 gratified by receiving a visit from Lafayette, who had acted 
 so distinguished a part in the early period of the French 
 Revolution, but had been captured and for a long time im- 
 prisoned by the German allies of England. Lafayette 
 expressed his grateful thanks to him for having obtained 
 his liberation from the dungeons of Germany. In the 
 course of conversation Fox said to him, “ You endeavoured 
 to establish the solecism of a monarch at the head of a 
 republic. 55 He received similar gratification from a visit 
 of the patriotic Polish General Kosciusko. 
 
 270. 
 
 GERMAN NONCHALANCE OR, THE VEXA- 
 TION OF LITTLE BONEY. January 1st , 1803. 
 
 COUNT STAHREMBERG. 
 
 This Austrian Minister passed through Paris on a 
 political mission in so much haste, that he did not stop to 
 pay his respects to Napoleon, which gave great offence to 
 the ruler of France. 
 
 271. 
 
 THE FIRST KISS THESE TEN YEARS ! OR, THE 
 MEETING OF BRITANNIA AND CITIZEN 
 FRANCOIS. January Is/, 1803. 
 
 Another clever hit at the peace. The portraits of Napo- 
 
 Q 
 
224 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 leon and King George, suspended on the wall, appear to 
 be shaking hands, but with a very bad grace. This carica- 
 ture is said to have excited Napoleor^s mirth to an unusual 
 degree. 
 
 272. 
 
 A PHANTASMAGORIA;— SCENE: CONJURING 
 UP AN ARMED SKELETON. January 5th, 1803. 
 
 ADDINGTON. WILBERFORCE. LORD HAWKESBURY. FOX. 
 
 An excellent satire on the same subject as the last. The 
 triumvirate of peacemakers are boiling down the British 
 lion, and their incantations raise from the mystic pot the 
 skeleton of Britannia, literally reduced to nothing but 
 bones. 
 
 273. 
 
 BAT-CATCHING. January 19 th, 1803. 
 
 LORD HAWKESBURY. ADDINGTON. CANNING. SHERIDAN. 
 
 TIERNEY. 
 
 The two Ministers catching opposition bats, by a method 
 which is well known to bat-catchers of all sorts. Sheridan, 
 Tierney, and Canning, are in danger of being netted. 
 
 274. 
 
 DOCTOR SANGRADO CURING JOHN BULL OF 
 REPLETION. May 2nd, 1803. 
 
 FOX. SHERIDAN. LORD HAWKESBURY. MASTER a(dDINGTO)n. 
 ADDINGTON. BUONAPARTE. 
 
 This caricature is said to have given great offence to the 
 Minister, Addington, who had conferred upon his son, a 
 mere boy, one of the lucrative clerkships of the Pells. 
 Sheridan and Fox are now holding out their hands for a 
 share of the blood so ruthlessly extracted from John Bull. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 225 
 
 275. 
 
 PHYSICAL AID; OR, BRITANNIA RECOVERED 
 FROM A TRANCE ALSO, THE PATRIOTIC 
 COURAGE OF SHERRY ANDREW; AND A 
 PEEP THROUGH THE FOG. March 11th, 1803. 
 
 LORD HAWKESBURY. ADDINGTON. BRITANNIA. FOX. 
 
 SHERIDAN. 
 
 On the 8th of March, 1803, a royal message, pointing 
 to the warlike preparations then going on in France and 
 Holland, roused the nation to a sense of the imminence 
 of war, attended with new fears of an invasion. Sheridan 
 distinguished himself by his warlike language in the 
 debates, and he appears here as the foremost and most 
 blustering defender of Britannia, who is worse than thun- 
 derstruck at the alarming intelligence. Addington, the 
 doctor, (as he was nicknamed, in allusion to the profession 
 of his father) is administering relief. The peace-loving 
 Fox remains incredulous. 
 
 276 . 
 
 ARMED HEROES. May 18 th, 1803. 
 
 LORD HAWKESBURY. ADDINGTON. BUONAPARTE. 
 
 Addington acting the hero, while his colleague, Lord 
 Hawkesburv, is very tamely repeating his grand threat of 
 marching to Paris. The mixture of courage and fear in 
 the attitude and language of the Minister is admirable. 
 
 277 . 
 
 FRENCH VOLUNTEERS MARCHING TO THE 
 CONQUEST OF GREAT BRITAIN. 
 
 Oct . 25 th, 1803. 
 
 A satire on the reported eagerness of the people of 
 France to serve in the threatened expedition against Great 
 Britain. 
 
 Many persons believed that the King and his Ministers 
 
 Q 2 
 
226 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 did not really credit Buonaparte’s threat of invasion; but the 
 following extract from a most curious autograph letter 
 of George III. to Bishop Hurd places the King’s serious 
 belief in the menace beyond all dispute. The letter only 
 came to light last year (1849), and will be new to most of 
 our readers. It proves the King was making his family 
 arrangements with a view to that event. te Windsor, 
 Nov. 30, 1803. We are here in daily expectation that 
 Bonaparte will attempt his threatened invasion, the chances 
 against his success seem so many that it is wonderful he 
 persists in it. I own I place that thorough dependence on 
 the protection of Divine Providence that I cannot help 
 thinking the usurper is encouraged to make the trial that 
 the ill success may put an end to his wicked purposes. 
 Should his troops effect a landing, I shall certainly put my- 
 self at the head of my troops and my other armed subjects 
 to repel them. But as it is impossible to foresee the events 
 of such a conflict, should the enemy approach too near to 
 Windsor, I shall think it right the Queen and my daughters 
 should cross the Severn, and shall send them to your 
 Episcopal Palace at Worcester; by this hint I do not in 
 the least mean they shall be any inconvenience to you, and 
 shall send a proper servant and furniture for their accom- 
 modation. Should this event arise I certainly would 
 rather have what I value most in life remain, during the 
 conflict, in your diocese, and under your roof, than in any 
 other place in the island.” 
 
 278. 
 
 FRENCH INVASION; OR, BUONAPARTE LAND- 
 ING IN GREAT BRITAIN. June 10th, 1803. 
 
 This was one of the numerous prints which assisted in 
 sustaining the patriotic contempt of Frenchmen, amid the 
 terror excited in the hearts of many of our countrymen 
 during the threatened invasion in the alarming year 1803. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 227 
 
 279. 
 
 MANIAC RAVINGS; OR, LITTLE BONEY IN A 
 STRONG FIT. May 24 th, 1803. 
 
 A parody on Lord Whitworth’s dispatch of the 14th of 
 March, 1803, describing the violent scene which had 
 occurred the day before at the Tuilleries. “ The exaspera- 
 tion and fury of Buonaparte,” says the Annual Register 
 for the year just mentioned, “ broke out into ungovernable 
 rage at his own Court, on his public day, and in the pre- 
 sence of the diplomatic body of Europe there assembled. 
 Thus violating every principle of hospitality — of decorum 
 - — of politeness — and the privileges of Ambassadors — ever 
 before held sacred. On the appearance of Lord Whit- 
 worth in the circle, he approached him with equal agitation 
 and ferocity, proceeded to descant, in the bitterest terms, 
 on the conduct of the English Government — summoned 
 the Ministers of some of the Foreign Courts to be wit- 
 nesses to this vituperative harangue — and concluded by 
 expressions of the most angry and menacing hostility. 
 The English Ambassador did not think it advisable to 
 make any answer to this brutal and ungentlemanly attack, 
 and it terminated by the First Consul retiring to his apart- 
 ments, repeating his last phrases, till he had shut himself 
 in ; leaving nearly two hundred spectators of this wanton 
 display of arrogant impropriety, in amazement and con- 
 sternation.” 
 
 280. 
 
 DEATH OF THE CORSICAN FOX.— SCENE, THE 
 LAST OF THE ROYAL HUNT. July 20th , 1803. 
 
 GEORGE III. BUONAPARTE. PITT. 
 
 This caricature of Napoleon was published after the 
 declaration of war and recommencement of hostilities in 
 1803. Gillray’s prophecy was fulfilled, but long after its 
 date, when the hunter was no longer capable of enjoying 
 his triumph. 
 
228 
 
 GILLRAYS CARICATURES. 
 
 281. 
 
 THE HANDWRITING UPON THE WALL. 
 
 August 24 th, 1803. 
 
 NAPOLEON. JOSEPHINE. 
 
 This is an admirable parody on Belshazzar’s Feast. 
 Buonaparte, with Josephine sitting by his side, while 
 regaling his courtiers with a splendid repast, is seen start- 
 ing from his chair of state, horror-struck at the sight of the 
 inscription on the wall, “ Mene, mene, Tekel upharsin.” 
 A hand is seen issuing from another part of the wall, 
 holding a balance, in which the despotism of Buonaparte 
 is found wanting, and outweighed by the crown of Louis 
 XVIII. under which is “ Vive le Roi.*’ Among the dishes 
 on the table are various, indicative of his visions of the 
 invasion of England. On one dish is, Oh, de roast 
 beef of Old England /’ but a decapitated head supplies 
 the place of the favourite sirloin. The pastry is moulded 
 into representations of <c the Tower de Londres/* “ St. 
 James*/’ “ the Bank of England/* surmounted by a tri- 
 coloured flag. A bottle of wine is labelled “ Maidstone/* 
 alluding to the trial of Arthur 0*Connor and Quigley, 
 who were arrested at Dover, while proceeding to France 
 to arrange the plan for the French invasion of Ireland. 
 The three sisters of Buonaparte are standing behind Jose- 
 phine, voluptuously attired. 
 
 282. 
 
 DESTRUCTION OF THE FRENCH GUN-BOATS • 
 OR, LITTLE BONEY AND HIS FRIEND TALLY 
 IN HIGH GLEE. Nov . 2 2nd, 1803. 
 
 TALLEYRAND. BUONAPARTE. 
 
 Napoleon rejoicing at the destruction of his own troops. 
 The callousness with which the Ruler of France looks on 
 the fate of thousands of his soldiers who perished in sup- 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 229 
 
 porting his ambition was proverbial. It was supposed by 
 some that he looked forward with no feelings of regret to 
 the immense loss of life which must attend on his attempt 
 to effect a landing upon the British shores, as a relief to 
 him, by checking the military spirit which he had excited 
 to such a pitch that he could no longer manage it himself. 
 
 283. 
 
 JOHN BULL AND THE ALARMIST. 
 
 JOHN BULL. SHERIDAN. 
 
 When originally printed as a broadside, this spirited 
 caricature, alluding to the tone of Sheridan’s speeches in 
 Parliament, was accompanied with the following verses, 
 which will form the best explanation : — 
 
 JOHN BULL AND THE ALARMIST. 
 
 John Bull, as he sat in his old snug chair. 
 
 An Alarmist came to him, and said in his ear, — 
 
 <£ A Corsican thief has just slipt from his quarters, 
 
 And he’s coming to ravish your wives and your daughters !” 
 
 “ Let him come and be d— d,” thus roared out John Bull ; 
 ie With my crab-stick assur’d I will fracture his skull ; — 
 
 Or I’ll squeeze the vile reptile ’twixt my finger and thumb. 
 
 Make him stink, like a bug, if he dares to presume.” 
 
 “ They say, a full thousand of flat-bottom’d boats, 
 
 Each a hundred and fifty have warriors of note, 
 
 All fully determined to feast on your lands, 
 
 So I fear you will find full enough on your hands.” 
 
 John, smiling, arose upright as a post, — 
 
 “ I’ve a million of friends bravely guarding my coast ; 
 
 And my old ally Neptune will give them a dousing, 
 
 And prevent the mean rascals to come here a lousing !” 
 
 284. 
 
 THE CORSICAN CARCASE - BUTCHER’S REC- 
 KONING DAY. September , 1803. 
 
 BUONAPARTE. TALLEYRAND. 
 
 Napoleon restrained by his minister, Talleyrand, from 
 
230 
 
 gillray’s caricatues. 
 
 rushing too rashly into the war with Great Britain. The 
 political butcher is furious at the roaring of the British 
 bull, and his anger is not appeased by the stealthy visit of 
 the bear of Russia 
 
 285. 
 
 THE CORSICAN PEST; OR, BEELZEBUB GOING 
 TO SUPPER. October 6th , 1803. 
 
 This rather coarse caricature requires no further expla- 
 nation than that furnished by the verses below, which are 
 understood to have been written by Paul Sandby, the cele- 
 brated painter in water-colours. 
 
 286. 
 
 THE KING OF BROBDINGNAG, AND GUL- 
 LIVER. June 2 6th, 1803. 
 
 BUONAPARTE. GEORGE III. 
 
 This clever design is said to have been the work of 
 Lieut.- Colonel Bradyll, of the Coldstream Guards, and not 
 of Gillray, who, it is presumed, only etched it. 
 
 287. 
 
 THE GENIUS OF FRANCE NURSING HER 
 DARLING. November 26th, 1804. 
 
 BUONAPARTE. 
 
 Another of the numerous caricatures published at this 
 time for the purpose of embittering the English people 
 against their great and inveterate enemy. The imperial 
 crown is the plaything after which he is straining. 
 
 288. 
 
 THE KING OF BROBDINGNAG AND GULLIVER. 
 (Plate 2.) February 10 th, 1804. 
 
 BUONAPARTE. PRINCESSES. THE QUEEN. 
 
 GEORGE III. LORD SALISBURY. 
 
 The amateur who designed this clever plate, is said to be 
 the same Lieut.-Colonel Bradyll, to whom we owe the 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 231 
 
 other plate on the same subject. It probably owes some- 
 thing to the etching of Gillray. 
 
 289 
 
 A MORNING RIDE. February 2 5th, 1804. 
 
 PRINCE OF WALES. COLONEL M ‘MAH ON. 
 
 Another subject which was only engraved by Gillray. 
 It is said to be a most characteristic picture of the Prince 
 of Wales and his attendant. 
 
 290. 
 
 CONFEDERATED COALITION; OR, THE GIANTS 
 STORMING HEAVEN. May 1st, 1804. 
 
 SIR F. BURDETT. EARL OF CARLISLE. DUKE OF NORFOLK. 
 MARQUESS OF STAFFORD. FOX. LORD HAWKESBURY. 
 
 LORD TEMPLE. ADDINGTON. WILBERFORCE. LORD 
 
 STANHOPE. M. A. TAYLOR. DUNDAS. PITT. ST. VINCENT. 
 GREY. EARL OF DERBY. WINDHAM. SHERIDAN. ERSKINE. 
 DR. LAWRENCE. 
 
 A caricature in Gillray* s best style, on the grand coalition 
 which overthrew the Addington Administration, which led 
 to the re-appointment of Pitt. The triumvirate, Addington, 
 Lord Hawkesbury, and Lord St. Vincent, are defending 
 the Ministerial heaven, assaulted on one side by Pitt and 
 Dundas, and their immediate supporters, and on the other 
 by Fox, who is now supported by Lords Grenville and 
 Temple. The numerous other assailants are carrying on 
 their attacks in different quarters, and by different means. 
 
 291. 
 
 MIDDLESEX ELECTION, 1804 . — “A LONG PULL, 
 A STRONG PULL, AND A PULL ALTOGE- 
 THER.” August 7 tk, 1804. 
 
 LORD MOIRA. LORD CARLISLE. COL. BOSVILLE. DUKE OF 
 BEDFORD. GREY. LORD DERBY. ST. VINCENT. MARQUESS 
 OF LANSDOWNE. FOX. DUKE OF NORFOLK. HORNE TOOKE. 
 SIR W. CURTIS. SHERIDAN. TIERNEY. ERSKINE. 
 
 TYRWHITT JONES. GENERAL FITZPATRICK. 
 
 On the great struggle for the representation of Middlesex 
 
232 
 
 GILLRAY^S CARICATURES. 
 
 in the summer of 1804, between Mainwaring, the Court 
 Candidate, and Sir Francis Burdett. The former gained 
 the election by a majority of five, the numbers of votes 
 being, for Mainwaring, 2828, and for Burdett 2823. 
 Burdett is here carried to the hustings, dragged in by the 
 Whig party, with his political preceptor, Horne Tooke, 
 for coachman, and Erskine, Tierney, and Sheridan, as 
 footmen. The scene represents the hustings at Brentford. 
 
 292. 
 
 BUONAPARTE FORTY-EIGHT HOURS AFTER 
 LANDING! —VIDE JOHN BULL 5 S HOME- 
 STROKE, ARMED EN MASSE. July 2 6th, 1803. 
 
 Another of the patriotic caricatures provoked by the 
 threats of invasion in 1803. 
 
 293. 
 
 UNCORKING OLD SHERRY. March 10th, 1805. 
 
 ADDINGTON. PITT. SHERIDAN. TIERNEY. FOX. 
 
 WINDHAM. SIR F. BURDETT. GREY. ERSKINE. 
 
 The Uncorking Old Sherry was one of the most 
 popular of Gillray’s Political Prints. Pitt is drawing the 
 cork of a bottle of sherry ; but instead of the generous 
 wine of Xeres, there c ‘ bursts out” a never ending collec- 
 tion of Old Puns,” — Groans of Disappointment,” — 
 44 Stolen jests, invectives, lame puns, loyal boastings, 
 dramatic ravings, low scurrilities ,” — “ Fibs, Fibs, Fibs” 
 &c. This bottle has a portrait of Sheridan upon it. There 
 are various other bottles placed around ; one tfc A Glass 
 of all Sorts,” has a portrait of Tierney upon it. Another 
 bottle having the portrait of Fox, is marked “ True 
 French Wine.” Another with the portrait of Windham, 
 is inscribed “ Brandy and Water.” Another “ Brentford 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 233 
 
 Ale/’ with the portrait of Sir F. Burdett, then Member 
 for Middlesex. There is Whitbread’s “ Small Beer’’— Grey 
 is “ Goosberry Wine’’ — and Erskine figures as a bottle 
 of “ Spruce Beer.’’ At Pitt’s feet lies a bottle overturned, 
 labelled “ Medicinal Wine/’ and bearing the portrait of 
 Addington, whose Ministry Pitt had recently overturned, 
 and who had acquired the nickname of the Doctor. 
 
 Pitt and Sheridan, during the long course of their 
 political career, attacked each other occasionally with a 
 spirit of personal animosity, that neither of them exhi- 
 bited in debate towards any other individual. The ori- 
 ginal ground of this personal feeling seems to have been 
 laid in the debate on the American preliminaries of peace 
 in 1783, when Pitt was Chancellor of the Exchequer in 
 Lord Shelburne’s Administration. The sarcasms then 
 interchanged between them, appear to have left a lasting 
 impression on both their minds. 
 
 In 1783, on Lord John Cavendish’s motion for censuring 
 the preliminaries of the American peace, Mr. Sheridan, 
 in the course of a very able speech, observed that the 
 17th article was one of the most inconsistent political 
 productions that could possibly be supposed ; it was 
 couched in such vague and loose terms, that it must have 
 relation to the impending treaty with Holland. It was 
 with the view of finding out the extent of that article, 
 and what reference it had to the treaty yet pending, and 
 the political position it evidently had towards France, that 
 the Hon. Gentleman made his motion on a former day, 
 and which called forth the indignation of the Chancellor of 
 the Exchequer as being inconsistent with the established 
 usage of the House, unprecedented, and preposterous in 
 the extreme. This convinced him, however, that the 
 Right Hon. Gentleman was more a practical politician 
 than an experienced one; his years and his very early 
 political exaltation, had not permitted him to look whether 
 
234 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 there had been precedents, or to acquire a knowledge of 
 the journals of the House. Had his youth permitted 
 him to acquire such knowledge, his discretion would 
 not have suffered his abilities, which he greatly admired, 
 to be carried away by his heat and precipitancy ; he would 
 not with so much indignation have resented the asking 
 questions, which it was the duty of Ministers to satisfy. 
 If he had consulted the journals, he would have found 
 incontestable evidence to prove the groundless authority of 
 his indignant assertions ; he would have found that it was 
 not unprecedented to lay a depending treaty before the 
 House ; nay, that before a single step had been taken to 
 complete any of the points of it ; it had been usual for 
 Parliament to be in possession of the principles upon 
 which it was proposed a treaty should turn. Parliament 
 was called upon to assist with its advice on the vast 
 subject of national importance, which peace must neces- 
 sarily in all times be, as involving in it so much of the 
 general prosperity and happiness of Europe.” — Hansard’s 
 Debates , Vol. 23, pp. 47-8-9. 
 
 Mr. Pitt, in his reply, in defending the Preliminaries of 
 Peace, displayed those extraordinary powers, which now 
 developed themselves more and more on every important 
 occasion ; and proved that he would soon establish a fame, 
 which would place his name in the first rank of orators of 
 any age or nation. He was pointedly severe on those 
 who opposed the address, but selected Sheridan for the 
 most prominent object of attack and personal sarcasm. 
 " No man admired more than he did the abilities of the Hon. 
 Gentleman, the elegant sallies of his thoughts, the gay 
 effusions of his fancy, his dramatic turns, and his epigram- 
 matic points, and if they were reserved for the proper 
 stage, they would no doubt receive, what the Hon. Gen- 
 tleman’s abilities always did receive, the plaudits of the 
 audience, and it would be his fortune, c sui plausu gaudere 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 235 
 
 theatric* But this was not the proper scene for the ex- 
 hibition of those elegances.” 
 
 Sheridan was extremely felicitous in his rejoinder. “On 
 that particular sort of personality, which the Right Hon. 
 Gentleman had thought proper to introduce, he need not 
 comment. The propriety, the taste, the gentlemanly point 
 of it, must have been obvious to the House. But let me 
 assure the Right Hon. Gentleman, that I do now, and will 
 at any time he chooses, to repeat this sort of allusion, meet 
 it with the most sincere good humour. Nay, I will say 
 more, flattered and encouraged by the Right Hon. Gentle- 
 man^ panegyric on my talents, if ever I again engage in 
 the species of composition he alludes to, I may be tempted 
 to an act of presumption — to attempt an improvement on 
 one of Ben Jonson’s best characters — the character of the 
 Angry Boy in the Alchemist.”f 
 
 The Uncorking Old Sherry took place in the 
 House of Commons on the 6th of March, 1805. 
 Sheridan made a motion for the repeal of the Additional 
 
 * The quotation is from Lucan, and alludes to Pompey, who among other 
 arts of courting popularity, erected a theatre at Rome, to which the citizens 
 were admitted gratuitously. Whenever, therefore, Pompey made his appear- 
 ance in his box, his entrance was sure to be greeted with the rapturous ap- 
 plause of the audience. 
 
 + Sheridan, gratified by the effect the allusion had produced in the House, 
 drew up the following advertisement extraordinary. “ In consequence of a 
 hint lately given out in the House of Commons, the play of the Alchemist is 
 certainly to be performed by a set of gentlemen for our diversion, in a private 
 apartment of Buckingham House. The characters will be performed by the 
 following gentlemen : — 
 
 Subtle (the Alchemist) . Lord Shelburne. 
 
 Face (the House Keeper) . The Lord Chancellor (Thurlow.) 
 
 Doll (their Colleague) . The Lord Advocate (Dundas.) 
 
 Drugger (the Tobacco Man) Lord Effingham. 
 
 Epicure Mammon . Mr. Rigby. 
 
 Tribulation . . Jenkinson. 
 
 Kastril (the Angry Boy) . 
 Ananias ( a little Pastor) . 
 Dame Pliant 
 
 Mr. W. Pitt. 
 
 Mr. Hill (brother of Rowland Hill.) 
 Gen. Conway. 
 
 And 
 
 His (Majesty.)” 
 
 Surly 
 
236 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 Force Bill. Having shewn the utter inefficiency of the 
 measure, and its failure in raising recruits, he commented 
 with great severity on the constitution of Mr. Pitt’s new 
 Cabinet. Pitt had himself denounced the incompetency 
 of the greater part of his present colleagues; but he sup- 
 posed the talents of Lord Hawkesbury, Lord Castlereagh, 
 Lord Eldon, and others, had undergone a wonderful 
 change and improvement by their removal from Adding- 
 ton’s Cabinet, and being transplanted into his own. 
 
 Mr. Pitt in his reply said, u The Hon. Gentleman seldom 
 condescends to favour us with a display of his extraor- 
 dinary powers of imagination and of fancy ; but when he 
 does come forward, we are prepared for a grand perform- 
 ance. No subject comes amiss to him, however remote 
 from the question before the House. All that his fancy 
 suggests, or that he has collected from others, all that he 
 can utter in the ebullition of the moment, all that he has 
 slept on and matured, are combined and produced for 
 our entertainment. All his hoarded repartees, all his 
 matured jests, the full contents of his commonplace book, 
 all his severe invectives, all his bold hardy assertions, 
 he collects into one mass, which he kindles into a 
 blaze of eloquence, and out it comes altogether, whether 
 it has any relation to the subject in debate or not. Thus 
 it is that the Hon. Gentleman finds a new argument 
 for the repeal of the present bill, because the House and 
 the country has less confidence in the present than even 
 in the late Ministers.” 
 
 Sheridan appears to have been unusually stung and 
 galled by this attack. While the debate was proceeding, 
 he went up into Bellamy’s refreshment-room, ordered a 
 bottle of Madeira, poured it out into a bowl, drank it off, 
 and thus primed, came down into the House, and made 
 the following bitter, cutting, and truculent retort. 
 
 “ The Right Hon. Gentleman complains that I used 
 harsh and violent language towards him, that I wandered 
 from the subject in discussion, and sought to supply the 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 237 
 
 defect of argument by personal reflections. Although I 
 may be supposed to be sometimes a warm speaker in this 
 House, I believe I have never been accused of harbouring 
 much political animosity against any man. The Right 
 Hon. Gentleman intended, I suppose, to contrast my 
 violent language with his own singular gentleness and 
 meekness of manners. This observation, he doubtless 
 thought, came with peculiar propriety from a person so 
 perfectly averse to all ill-natured personalities; so eminently 
 distinguished for soaring above all little political enmities, 
 and so complete a foe to every thing sarcastic or biting. 
 The Right Hon. Gentleman has thought proper to describe 
 my speech as coming from a person who has never read 
 the Act it is proposed to repeal, and who knows nothing 
 of it beyond the title. What I said is regarded by him as 
 a collection of jests and sarcasms, which have been for a 
 long time stored up, in order that they may burst all at 
 once on the meek, gentle, modest head of the Right Hon. 
 Gentleman. If my speech, however, was so very un- 
 worthy of the serious attention of the House ; if I did 
 wander so much from the object of the debate ; if I did 
 entertain the House with nothing but hoarded repartees, 
 or common-place jokes ; is it not a little singular that the 
 Right Hon. Gentleman should have done me the honour 
 to start up immediately to answer me ? The Right Hon. 
 Gentleman knew well that his vast and splendid talents 
 were not necessary to answer a speech distinguished for 
 nothing but irregularity and ignorance. — No man is more 
 ready to acknowledge the great and eminent talents of the 
 Right Hon. Gentleman than I am. No man esteems 
 them higher than I do. But if I were to characterize his 
 Ministry, I should say, in language which the Right Hon. 
 Gentleman may recollect to have heard before — namely, 
 that he has added more to the burdens, and subtracted 
 more from the liberties of the people, than any Minister 
 that ever governed this country. 
 
238 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 “ The Right Hon. Gentleman has thought fit to allude 
 to the support which I gave to the Noble Lord (Sid- 
 mouth), when Chancellor of the Exchequer, and at 
 the head of his Majesty’s Councils. He represents it 
 as an insidious and hollow support. I hope it is not my 
 character to give any support of that description. He 
 says, I gave the Noble Lord a few votes when I knew they 
 could be of no use to him, and that I opposed him when 
 my support could alone have been of advantage to him. 
 I say that this charge is contrary to fact. I gave my sup- 
 port to the late Administration with the utmost good faith, 
 and I know that the Noble Lord has always been ready to 
 acknowledge it. But suppose I had not supported him 
 with fidelity and firmness, what then ? I never had pro- 
 fessed to do so, either to that Administration, or to this 
 House. I supported them because I approved of many 
 of their measures, but principally was I induced to sup- 
 port them because I considered their continuance in office 
 as a security against the return to power of the Right Hon. 
 Gentleman opposite me, which ever appeared to me as the 
 greatest national calamity. If, indeed, I had recommended 
 the Noble Lord to his Majesty — if I had come down to 
 this House, and described the Noble Lord as the fittest 
 man in the country to fill the office of Chancellor of the 
 Exchequer, because it was a convenient step to my own 
 safety, in retiring from a situation which I had grossly 
 abused, and which I could no longer fill with honour and 
 security ; — if, having seduced him into that situation, I 
 had afterwards tapered off from a promised support, when 
 I saw that the Minister of my own choice was acquiring 
 greater stability and popularity than I wished for if, 
 when I saw an opening to my own return to power, I had 
 entered into a combination with others whom I meant also 
 to betray, from the sole lust of power and office, in order 
 to remove him ; — and if, under the dominion of these base 
 appetites, I had then treated with ridicule* and contempt. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 239 
 
 the very man whom I had before held up to the choice of 
 my Sovereign, and the approbation of this House and the 
 public; — then, indeed, I should have merited the con- 
 tempt and execration of all good men, and should have 
 deserved to be told, that I was hollow and insincere in my 
 support, and that I had acted a mean, a base, and a per- 
 fidious part ” 
 
 Notwithstanding the harsh personalities, which occasion- 
 ally passed between Pitt and Sheridan, on the first day of 
 the sessions of the newly elected Parliament in 1802, a 
 ludicrous interchange of civility took place between them. 
 They advanced from the opposite sides of the House to the 
 table to be sworn in, and happening to stand next to each 
 other, they took the oaths at the same time. The ceremony 
 having been gone through, the clerk required the usual fee 
 of two shillings from each. Pitt putting his hand into his 
 pocket, and finding he had no money in it, turned round 
 to Sheridan, and laughing, said, “ Will you lend me two 
 shillings ?” Sheridan furnished the required loan to the 
 Chancellor of the Exchequer, to the great amusement of 
 the members who were waiting to be sworn. The follow- 
 ing jeu d’esprit appeared the next day in a morning news- 
 paper : “ Something is certainly on the carpet at present 
 between the Ministry and Opposition, for we assert, from 
 undoubted authority, that yesterday a loan was negotiated 
 between Mr. Pitt and Mr. Sheridan.” 
 
 294. 
 
 THE GRAND CORONATION PROCESSION OF 
 NAPOLEON THE FIRST, EMPEROR OF 
 FRANCE, FROM THE CHURCH OF NOTRE- 
 DAME, NOVEMBER 19th, 1804. Jan uary 1st, 1805. 
 
 On the crowning step of Napoleon’s ambition. He was 
 proclaimed Emperor of the French, under the title of Na- 
 
 R 
 
240 
 
 GILLRAY S CARICATURES. 
 
 poleon I., on the 20th of May, 1804, and was crowned 
 with extraordinary ceremonies on the 19th of November. 
 The Pope was compelled by the mandate of Buonaparte to 
 repair to Paris, and perform the ceremony of the corona- 
 tion. On the 19th of November, the Emperor, attended 
 by a numerous military escort, and followed by an immense 
 train of equipages, proceeded to the Cathedral of Notre 
 Dame. There his Holiness performed a solemn service, 
 anointed the Emperor with the sacred unction, and placed 
 the crown upon his head. The inscription below the 
 print will furnish the best explanation of the parts acted 
 by the different personages who contributed to this event, 
 or took a part in it. 
 
 295. 
 
 THE PLUM- PUDDING IN DANGER; OR, 
 STATE EPICURES TAKING UN PETIT 
 SOUPER. February 2 6th, 1805. 
 
 PITT. NAPOLEON. 
 
 The new Emperor, and his opponent the English Minis- 
 ter, helping themselves — one taking the land, the other 
 the sea. On the overtures made by the new Emperor for 
 a reconciliation with England in the January of 1805. 
 
 296. 
 
 THE APPLES AND THE HORSE-TURDS; OR, 
 BUONAPARTE AMONG THE GOLDEN PIP- 
 PINS. February 1800. 
 
 A parody on the old fable, composed soon after the 
 elevation of Napoleon to the office of First Consul. He 
 was supposed to be already aiming at claiming relationship 
 with the crowned heads of Europe, and the caricature has 
 here intimated the feeling which such a proposal was likely 
 to excite. 
 
POLITICAL SERIESr 
 
 241 
 
 297- 
 
 JOHN BULL OFFERING LITTLE BONEY FAIR 
 PLAY. August 2nd , 1803. 
 
 Another caricature on the invasion of 1803, well calcu- 
 lated to keep up the popular spirit of defiance shewn on 
 that occasion. 
 
 298. 
 
 THE STATE WAGGONER AND JOHN BULL; 
 OR THE WAGGON TOO MUCH FOR THE 
 DONKEYS. March 14 th, 1804. 
 
 CANNING. ERSKINE. WILBERFORCE. LORD CARLISLE. 
 
 GREY. M. OF BUCKINGHAM. PITT. FOX. LORD GRENVILLE. 
 WINDHAM. SHERIDAN. ADDINGTON. 
 
 On the change in the Ministry in 1804. Addington and 
 his team have dragged the state waggon into a slough ; 
 while farmer John Bull is pointing to his old stud of 
 horses, now mustered in opposition, as alone likely to 
 furnish a team capable of drawing it out. Windham and 
 Sheridan are indulging in a kick at each other. 
 
 299. 
 
 END OF THE IRISH FARCE OF CATHOLIC 
 EMANCIPATION. May 17 th, 1805. 
 
 PITT. LORD HAWKESBURY. LORD SIDMOUTH. LORD 
 
 GRENVILLE. LORD MOIRA. MRS. F1TZHERBERT. DUKE OF 
 CLARENCE. FOX. DUKE OF BEDFORD. LORD STANHOPE. 
 SHERIDAN. DUKE OF NORFOLK. WINDHAM. LORD 
 
 LAUDERDALE. LORD DERBY. SIR F. BURDETT. LORD 
 THANET. MR. GRATTAN. LORD HOLLAND. ERSKINE. 
 LORD HENRY PETTY. 
 
 At the beginning of May, 1805, the Catholics of Ire- 
 land petitioned both Houses of Parliament for emancipa- 
 tion from the penal statutes then in existence against 
 them. The debate in the House of Lords took place on 
 
242 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 the 10th and 13th of May, and that in the House of 
 Commons on the 13th and 14th of the same month, and 
 in both Houses the petition was rejected by a large ma- 
 jority. Lord Grenville brought the subject forward in 
 the Upper House, and Fox in the Lower ; it was strongly 
 opposed by Lord Hawkesbury, Lord Sidmouth, and Mr. 
 Pitt. 
 
 The Popish squadron, led by Lord Grenville in his 
 pontificals, as their pope, and by Lord Moira, who in his 
 precipitate fall has overthrown Mrs. Fitzherbert, who was 
 accused of using her influence to further the cause, are 
 rebutted in their attempt to force the sanctuary of the 
 Treasury. Fox, as a cardinal, with Lord Stanhope as his 
 incense- bearer, mounted on a very Irish personification of 
 a “ bull,” is in equal dismay at the blasts with which they 
 are received by the three champions of Protestantism. 
 Sheridan is about to elevate the host, and Horne Tooke 
 bears the cross, surmounted with a bonnet rouge , which, 
 like the portrait of Napoleon hung round the bull’s neck, 
 is intended to intimate that the zeal for the Catholics was 
 but a cover for French revolutionary principles. Most of 
 the other Whig leaders figure in this stirring scene, occu- 
 pied in various positions and offices which it was pretended 
 were congenial to their sentiments. 
 
 300. 
 
 ST. GEORGE AND THE DRAGON. 
 
 August 2nd, 1805. 
 
 GEORGE III. NAPOLEON. 
 
 The royal St. George rescuing Britannia from the fangs 
 of the Monster of France. The king wears the uniform 
 of his own regiment of Guards (the Blues). But a few 
 weeks after the date of this print, the Imperial crown 
 received a gash in the victory of Trafalgar, not much less 
 formidable than the one here represented literally. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 243 
 
 301. 
 
 BRITANNIA BETWEEN DEATH AND THE DOC- 
 TORS. May 20 th, 1804. 
 
 ADDINGTON. PITT. FOX. NAPOLEON. 
 
 On Pitt’s return to office in 1 804. Doctor Addington’s 
 course of treatment has nearly thrown his patient into the 
 power of political death, personified in her arch-enemy 
 Napoleon, and she is only relieved by the sudden return 
 of her old physician. Pitt is represented as kicking Ad- 
 dington out of the House, and has overturned a phial in 
 Addington’s hand, labelled Composing Draft.’ 5 Pitt holds 
 a bottle of Constitutional Restorative 55 in his hand, and 
 The Art of Restoring Health 55 is hanging out of his 
 pocket. He is treading upon Fox’s prostrate body. By 
 Fox’s side are “ Whig Pills, 55 and in his uplifted hand is 
 “ Republican Balsam.” 
 
 302. 
 
 THE RECONCILIATION. November 20 th, 1804. 
 
 QUEEN. PRINCESSES. LORD MOIRA. PITT. GEORGE III. 
 PRINCE OF WALES. 
 
 On the reconciliation of the prince with his royal father, 
 which was said to have been brought about chiefly by the 
 intermediation of Pitt and Lord Moira. It is not an unapt 
 parody on the story of the prodigal son. 
 
 303. 
 
 THE WOUNDED LION. July 1 6th, 1805. 
 
 LORD ST. VINCENT. WILBER FORCE. LORD SIDMOUTH. LORD 
 MELVILLE. GREY. FOX. KINNAIRD. ERSKINE. WALPOLE. 
 
 The conception of this print is remarkably happy. The 
 subject is the Impeachment of Lord Melville for making 
 use of the Public Money for his own private accommodation, 
 while he held the office of Treasurer of the Navy. The 
 
244 
 
 GILLRAY’s CARICATURES. 
 
 Lion (Lord Melville) is lying on the ground, wounded by 
 the discharge from a piece of ordnance fired off by Lord 
 St. Vincent, concealed behind a tree ; the mortar is a pew- 
 ter pot inscribed 44 Whitbread’s Entire,” Grey repre- 
 sented as a serpent, Fox in the character of his four-footed 
 namesake, Kinnaird as a wolf-dog, and other members 
 pictured as animals are attacking the wounded Lion. Lord 
 Sidmouth, depicted as an ass, is laden with 44 Physic for 
 the Lion”— 44 Clyster for the Lion” — 44 Emetic for the 
 Lion” — 44 Opening Pills” — 44 Candied Whorehound.” He 
 is kicking the Lion with his hind heels, and calling out 
 (i Give him another kick, brother Bragge,” By his side, 
 and behind Addington, are his brother-in-law Bragge and 
 his brother Hely Addington, also represented as asses car- 
 rying 44 Provisions for the Doctor’s family’’ — 44 Pension for 
 brother Bragge’’ — 44 Pension for brother Hely” — 44 Trifles 
 through the Lion’s generosity,” &c. Wilberforce, in the 
 character of an ape, is perched on a tree, holding in his 
 paw, 44 Solution of Vital Christianity,’’ and emitting 44 Cant, 
 Envy, Hypocrisy,” &c. In the Lion’s claws are 44 Plans 
 for Manning the Navy” — 44 List of Ships built in 1804”* — 
 ‘ 4 Abolition of Impressment.” Britannia is seated under 
 an oak, mourning over the wounded Lion, her spear broken, 
 and her shield discarded. 
 
 Gillray’s Motto is happily chosen. 44 And now all the 
 skulking herd of the forest, some out of insolence, others 
 out of revenge, some, in fine, upon one pretence, and some 
 upon another, fell upon him by consent, — but nothing went 
 so near the heart of him in his distress, as to find himself 
 battered by the heel of an ass.’’ — Vide uFsop’s Fables. 
 
 Lord Melville was unquestionably one of the ablest 
 statesmen of the reign of George III. He was bred to the 
 profession of the law, and filled the office of Lord Advo- 
 cate of Scotland during the administration of Lord North, 
 and was one of the most efficient supporters of the latter 
 
 * Lord Melville was at that time First Lord of the Admiralty. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 245 
 
 part of his ministry. He was removed from office by the 
 Rockingham administration, but appointed Treasurer of the 
 Navy by Lord Shelburne. He joined Pitt in his opposition 
 to the Coalition ministry ; and on Pitt’s appointment as 
 First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer 
 in December 1783, he was by far the most powerful of his 
 supporters. His opponents accused him of seeking office 
 without any regard to political consistency. 
 
 “ Alike the Advocate of North and Wit, 
 
 The Friend of Shelburne, and the Guide of Pitt.” 
 
 Indeed, the services he rendered to Pitt at that time 
 were invaluable. Fox’s India Bill had just been rejected, 
 and caused his dismissal from office ; but all allowed that 
 some new and vigorous measure was indispensable for the 
 government of India. The new Minister was therefore 
 called upon to introduce a bill for that purpoee. Pitt was 
 then only in his 25th year. Splendid as his abilities were, 
 he had not had time to study the affairs of India with that 
 attention, which the production of a code for the govern- 
 ment of India required. Dundas had been Chairman of 
 the Committee for investigating the affairs of the Carnatic ; 
 he therefore came to the subject with a mind stored with 
 information, and was the real author of the India Bill, 
 which Pitt introduced under his own name. The House 
 and the public were astonished at the extensive, varied and 
 accurate knowledge of the complicated affairs of that dis- 
 tant empire exhibited by so young a man, and at the ease 
 and perspicuity with which he elucidated the bearings of 
 the clauses of his India Bill, and vindicated its superiority 
 over the rejected Bill of Fox, by preserving the preroga- 
 tive of the crown, the rights of the East India Company, 
 while it consolidated the political rights of India, and im- 
 proved her commercial regulations. The Parliamentary 
 majority still remained faithful to the Coalition, and his 
 bill was rejected. But Pitt’s fame was established on a 
 
246 
 
 GILLRAY ? S CARICATURES. 
 
 firm basis. He dissolved the Parliament, and obtained a 
 triumphant majority. Pitt was fully sensible of the im- 
 portant assistance rendered him by Dundas ; and hence- 
 forward no one possessed so large a share of his confidence, 
 or participated so frequently in the enjoyment of his social 
 hours. With Pitt 16 he gave many a vote with Pitt 
 t£ he drank many a bottle.”* The general election having 
 secured Pitt ? s continuance in office, Dundas devoted him- 
 self entirely to politics. The versatility of his talents was 
 truly surprising. He filled at different times the offices of 
 Treasurer of the Navy, President of the Board of Control, 
 Secretary for the Home Department, Secretary for the 
 Colonies, with the management of the French War annexed 
 to it, and First Lord of the Admiralty. While Treasurer 
 of the Navy he obtained great credit by introducing an 
 Act for the better regulation of the office. One of the 
 clauses strictly forbade the Treasurer to make any use of 
 the money in his hands, as had been hitherto allowed, and 
 was a source of considerable emolument to the holder of 
 the office. In the Addington administration Earl St. Vin- 
 cent was First Lord of the Admiralty, he procured a Com- 
 mission for inquiring into the affairs of the Navy. 
 Unfortunately the 10th Report of the Commissioners 
 shewed that Lord Melville, while Treasurer of the Navy, 
 had employed some of the public money for his own per- 
 sonal accommodation ; it was admitted the whole had been 
 repaid, and no loss had been sustained by the public ; but 
 it was clearly a violation of the salutary provisions of his 
 own Act, and led to his impeachment. It resulted in his 
 acquittal, — but his political career was terminated. He 
 died in May, 1811. 
 
 It will be observed that Gillray has not placed Sheridan 
 among the animals attacking ‘ £ The Wounded Lion.” 
 
 It excited very considerable surprise at the time, that, 
 
 * Gibbon’s expression respecting his grandfather’s connection with the Par- 
 liamentary forces. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 247 
 
 while all the leading Members of Opposition and the 
 Addington party were pressing forward the impeachment 
 of Lord Melville, Sheridan took no part in the debates, 
 and abstained from voting. This was connected with a 
 singular piece of secrat history. Some years before, when 
 Lord Melville was President of the Board of Control, She- 
 ridan requested of him the favour of an Indian writership 
 for a young man he was anxious to serve. Lord Melville 
 most readily and courteously complied, and Sheridan de- 
 sired the appointment might be filled up with the name of 
 Wright. The young man was the son of a very clever and 
 active sheriff’s officer, whom Sheridan had contrived to 
 gain over to his interest ; and whenever a writ to levy exe- 
 cution on the effects of Drury Lane was issued out in the 
 sherifPs office, Wright generally contrived to get it into 
 his own hands to serve, and returned 44 no effects, 55 or in- 
 terposed a delay in the execution, which enabled Sheridan 
 to make an arrangement with the creditor. Sheridan having 
 received this favour from Lord Melville, felt he could not 
 vote against him in a matter so deeply affecting his inte- 
 rest, and in fact deciding the continuance or extinction of 
 his political career. 
 
 This anecdote recalls to our recollection an occurrence 
 which took place between Shippen ( 4£ the downright Ship- 
 pen’ 5 of Pope) the celebrated Jacobite, and Sir Robert 
 Walpole, which we will extract from Coxe’s Memoirs of 
 that Minister. ‘ 4 Sir Robert Walpole having discovered a 
 correspondence which one of Shippers friends carried on 
 with the Pretender, Shippen called on the Minister, and 
 desired him to save his friend Sir Robert willingly com- 
 plied, and then said, 4 Mr. Shippen, I cannot desire you to 
 vote with the Administration, for with your principles I 
 have no right to expect it. But I only require, whenever 
 any question is brought forward in the House personally 
 affecting me, that you will recollect the favour I have now 
 granted you. 5 55 ~~ Coxe’s Walpole , Vol. 1, 4to, p. 670. 
 
248 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 304 
 
 THE SURRENDER OF ULM ; OR BUONAPARTE 
 AND GENERAL MACK COMING TO A RIGHT 
 UNDERSTANDING: INTENDED AS A SPECI- 
 MEN OF FRENCH VICTORIES, i. e. CONQUER- 
 ING WITHOUT BLOODSHED. 
 
 November Sth, 1805. 
 
 This print is a severe but well-merited satire on the dis- 
 graceful Surrender of Ulm on the 17th of October, 
 1805, and plainly intimates that it was effected by bribery. 
 
 Buonaparte is sitting on a drum-head. His sword is in 
 his right hand, pointing to the prostrate Field-Marshal 
 Mack, whom he thus addresses : ts There’s your price. 
 There’s ten millions ! Twenty ! It is not in my army alone 
 that my resources of conquering consist ! I hate victory 
 obtained by effusion of blood !” Mack replies, “ And so 
 do I too ! What signifies fighting when we can settle it 
 in a safer way ! ! !” Mack is delivering up (i The Keys of 
 Ulm” with his right hand, and his sword with his left. 
 By Mack’s side is placed the List of the Articles to 
 be delivered up: ct 1 Field-Marshal —8 Generals-in-chief 
 — 7 Lieutenant-Generals — 36 thousand Soldiers — 80 pieces 
 of Cannon — 50 Stand of Colours — 100, 000 pounds of Pow- 
 der — and 4000 cannon-balls.’’ Buonaparte points with 
 his left hand to three soldiers bearing the stipulated bribe, 
 ready to be paid. A flag is waving over the heads of the 
 soldiers, inscribed 66 La Victoire ou la Mort.’’ In front of 
 Buonaparte are standard-bearers with flags, inscribed, 
 u Vive Buonaparte :” “ Vive L’Empereur Napoleon.” 
 Whether the surrender of Ulm proceeded from intel- 
 lectual imbecility, cowardice, or sudden panic on the part 
 of the Austrian Commander Mack, it astounded Europe ; 
 and entirely disorganised the preconcerted plans of the 
 Allies. It never could have been anticipated that a place 
 so strongly fortified, and defended by a numerous, brave 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 249 
 
 and well-appointed army, and amply supplied with ammu- 
 nition and stores of every description would have surren- 
 dered without first opposing a formidable resistance to the 
 enemy. The event was unparalleled in the military 
 history of modern times, and was generally ascribed to 
 treachery. Mack was tried by a court-martial, and sen- 
 tenced to death, but the lenity of the Emperor commuted 
 the punishment into imprisonment for life, thinking it un- 
 necessary to order him to be shot, like Admiral Byng, as 
 Voltaire expresses it, “ pour encourager les autres.” 
 
 305. 
 
 POLITICAL CANDOUR; i. e. COALITION RE- 
 SOLUTIONS OF JUNE I4th, 1805.— (Pro bono 
 Publico.) June 21 st, 1805. 
 
 PITT. LORD H. PETTY. TIERNEY. ERSKINE. FOX. 
 
 SHERIDAN. WILBERFORCE. WINDHAM. GREY. 
 
 In this print Gillray represents Fox addressing the 
 Hou§e, and acquitting Pitt of the charge of personal cor- 
 ruption. Pitt is delighted with the generous testimony of 
 his rival in his favour, and calls out “ Here, here, here,” 
 pointing to the Treasury Bench. Fox, charmed with the 
 grateful acknowledgments of his exertions, says, “ Oh, 
 how I shall enjoy to sit down with him on the bench of 
 honesty. ’’ “An immaculate statesman, — just like my 
 own papa.” Fox holds in his left hand behind him 
 “ Arrangements for a new Coalition.” Windham is hold- 
 ing in his hand “ Votes and Speeches for the Political 
 Register; 5 ’ but finding the turn the Debate has taken, 
 exclaims, “ He deserves a statue of gold more than Porcu- 
 pine (id est Cobbett) himself.” Wilberforce ejaculates, 
 “ Oh, he’s an angel of light, a cherubim of glory.” A 
 porter pot lies upset on the ground, and the beer is run- 
 ning out on the floor, intimating that Whitbread’s charge 
 against Pitt has been overturned, &c. &c. 
 
250 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 In the course of the investigation of the charges against 
 Lord Melville, it was discovered that in the year 1796, 
 Pitt had advanced £40,000. of the public money to Boyd 
 and Benfield, to enable them to make good their instal- 
 ments on the Loan, and thereby saved them from the heavy 
 loss they would have sustained by the sale of their scrip, 
 which at that time was at a great discount. The bitterest 
 of Pitt’s political opponents attributed this illegal advance 
 to a corrupt understanding between the Minister and these 
 Loan contractors. Mr. Whitbread brought the subject 
 under the notice of the House. At the commencement of 
 the debate Mr. Pitt inquired if he should retire during the 
 discussion of a subject personally affecting himself. Mr. 
 Fox and the majority of the House esteemed it unneces- 
 sary, and “ Mr. Fox assured the Right Honourable Gen- 
 tleman that he should have felt as sincere sorrow as any 
 member in that House if it had appeared from the result 
 of the inquiry, that the Right Honourable Gentleman was 
 guilty to the same degree as Lord Melville. However 
 much he might have differed from the Right Honourable 
 Gentleman in the course of his political life ; however he 
 might have thought his general conduct deserving of 
 blame ; however he might think him blameable in this in- 
 stance ; yet he should have felt uneasy and unhappy had it 
 turned out, after the high station which the Right Honour- 
 able Gentleman had so long held, — after the opposition 
 even which he himself had felt it is duty to give him — that 
 the Right Honourable Gentleman was personally corrupt. 
 For himself, he could declare that he never entertained 
 such an opinion of him, and he was happy that the result 
 of the inquiry did not justify the adoption of even a sen- 
 timent of suspicion on that ground. Although he had 
 frequently condemned the public conduct of the Right 
 Honourable Gentleman ; although he had on many occa- 
 sions uttered sentiments respecting him, which he should 
 have felt it treason against his country and his conscience 
 
POLITICAL, SERIES. 
 
 251 
 
 to suppress, still he never expressed a suspicion that the 
 Right Honourable Gentleman was capable of personal cor- 
 ruption, nor did he ever entertain such a suspicion. How- 
 ever he might charge him with that species that ap- 
 pertained to general neglect of duty, his mind entirely 
 acquitted him of that kind of sordid corruption alluded to 
 by the Honourable Gentleman under the Gallery.”— 
 (Hansard? s Debates , Vol. 5 for 1805, p. 413-14.) 
 
 This is the last time Mr. Pitt appears in the series of 
 Gillray’s political prints We cannot take leave of him 
 without paying our homage to his splendid talents. Placed 
 at the head of the Government very early in life, he exhi- 
 bited all the mental resources of mature age. He had op- 
 posed to him a phalanx of extraordinary abilities, Fox, 
 North, Burke, Sheridan, Windham, &c. with scarcely any 
 efficient coadjutor, except Dundas. To have triumphed 
 over men like these, to have baffled their energetic exer- 
 tions, and reduced an adverse majority almost solely by 
 his amazing eloquence, and sustained himself in office, is 
 unparalleled in the political history of this country. The 
 House of Commons was the true theatre of his glory. The 
 magnificent flow of his language, the beautiful structure of 
 his unpremeditated sentences enchained the attention, and 
 captivated the minds of his hearers. His great rival said, 
 he himself was never at a loss for a word ; but Mr. Pitt 
 always employed the best. His sarcasm was withering — 
 his panegyric ennobling. Constantly occupied in the dis- 
 charge of his official duties, his reading was not varied and 
 extensive like that of Fox, and he rarely quoted ; but when- 
 ever he illustrated his argument by a quotation, it was 
 always felicitous and appropriate. Our limits will not 
 permit us to multiply instances, we will give one. In the 
 debates on the Union with Ireland, he was reproached 
 with wishing to reduce the sister kingdom to a servile 
 subjection to England : he replied in the words of Virgil’s 
 .Eneas : — 
 
252 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 u Non mihi, nec Teucris Italos parere jubebo, 
 
 Nec mihi regna peto ; paribus se legibus ambse, 
 
 InviCtse Gentes aiterna in Foedera mittant.” 
 
 We will not, however, assume the presumption of at- 
 tempting a biographical sketch of this great statesman; 
 but will place before the reader two extracts from charac- 
 ters of him, the one drawn by the hand of a devoted 
 friend — Canning, and the other by Sir James Mackintosh, 
 a liberal opponent. 
 
 By Canning . — C6 Dignity, strength, discretion — these 
 were among the most masterly qualities of his mind at its 
 first dawn. He was devoted to the State. Its interests 
 engrossed all his study, and engaged all his care. It was 
 the element alone in which he seemed to live and move. 
 He allowed himself but little recreation from his labours. 
 His mind was always in its station, and its activity was 
 unremitted. He had a proud reliance on himself, and it 
 was justified. Like the sturdy warrior leaning on his 
 own battle-axe, conscious where his strength lay, he did 
 not readily look beyond it.” 
 
 By Sir James Mackintosh . — i£ His eloquence was of 
 a kind peculiarly adapted to the situation which he filled. 
 He was stately and dignified in manner, clear and distinct 
 in unravelling the details of the most complicated subject, 
 declamatory at once and argumentative, so as to furnish 
 the best pretexts to those who wished to follow him, while 
 he cheered and encouraged those who might be in dread 
 of his adversaries ; but above all, he excelled in the use of 
 both topics and language, with a view to produce the effect 
 he desired, and never commit himself ; he could balance 
 his expressions so nicely, — conceal or bring forward parts 
 of his subject so artistically — approach, and yet shun dan- 
 gerous points so dexterously — often seeming to say so 
 much, while he told so little, and almost always filling the 
 ear more than the mind, and frequently leaving it doubtful 
 upon reflection, what had in substance been carried away. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 253 
 
 - — that a celebrated cotemporary (Windham) was scarcely 
 chargeable with exaggeration in saying, that f he verily 
 believed Mr. Pitt could speak a King^s speech off hand/ 
 
 To these qualities, so eminently fitting him for a 
 ministerial orator, he added others of a higher description . 
 His fluency of language was almost preternatural, and yet 
 it never grew tiresome ; for though it never rose to any 
 great beauty, yet it was generally characteristic and ap- 
 propriate, and from time to time it did contain expressions 
 of more than ordinary felicity, if, at its common level, it 
 too much resembles the diction of a State Paper. He was 
 rather loud and vehement, than impassioned ; and appeared 
 to declaim more from the head than the heart. But then 
 he reasoned closely, and arranged both quickly and accu- 
 rately ; or at least he seemed to be always arguing and dis- 
 tinguishing, and to address the understanding rather than 
 the passions, over which he had hardly any other control 
 than that which subjects the nerves of an audience to a 
 sonorous and most powerful voice, itself under strict dis- 
 cipline. In one part of eloquence and only in one, could 
 he be deemed an orator of the highest genius ; his sarcasm 
 was at once keen and splendid ; it was brilliant, and it was 
 concise/’ 
 
 Pitt died January 26th, 1806. The Legislature voted 
 £40,000, for the payment of his debts, and conferred on 
 him the honours of a public funeral, and monument in 
 Westminster Abbey. To the surprise of many, Windham, 
 who had been his colleague in office, opposed the funeral 
 honours. He said, the Mover and Seconder of the Address 
 had called upon Members to bury party spirit in his grave. 
 He had no political animosity to bury ; but by the custom 
 of this country, and indeed of all nations at all times, these 
 extraordinary honours have been only conferred, when 
 there has been a certain union of merit and success. He 
 cheerfully recognised the 'splendid talents of Mr. Pitt ; 
 but he cannot be said to have been fortunate in the result 
 
254 
 
 gillray's caricatures. 
 
 of his exertions. This opposition drew upon Windham a 
 severe rebuke in a satirical poem, entitled “ Elijah's Man- 
 tle, published on the entrance of the Fox and Grenville 
 Administration into office.” Windham is thus addressed : — 
 
 “ Windham, if e’er thy sorrows flow, 
 
 For private loss or public woe. 
 
 Thy rigid brow unbend : 
 
 Tears over Csesar, Brutus shed. 
 
 His hatred warred not with the dead. 
 
 And Pitt was once thy friend. 
 
 ‘ ‘ Does Envy bid thee not to mourn ? 
 
 Hold then his mantle up to scorn ; 
 
 His well-earned fame assail ; 
 
 Of Funeral honours strip his corse, 
 
 And at his virtues, till thou’rt hoarse, 
 
 Like curst Thersites rail.” 
 
 306. 
 
 THE DEATH OF ADMIRAL LORD NELSON IN 
 THE MOMENT OF VICTORY! Dec . 23rd , 1805. 
 A rather feeble attempt at celebrating the great battle of 
 Trafalgar, fought on the 24th of October, 1805, in which 
 Nelson fell in the moment of victory. 
 
 307. 
 
 LE DIABLE BOITEUX ; OR, THE DEVIL UPON 
 TWO STICKS, CONVEYING JOHN BULL TO 
 THE LAND OF PROMISE. February 8 th, 1806. 
 
 LORD SIDMOUTH. FOX. LORD GRENVILLE, JOHN BULL. 
 
 Fox, as the Diable Boiteux, is soaring through the air. 
 His head is surmounted by the Prince of Wales's feathers. 
 He is carrying Lord Sidmouth under his left wing, who 
 has “ Honesty'' inscribed over his head : and he sustains 
 Lord Grenville with his right wing ; over Lord Grenville’s 
 head is inscribed 66 Humility.'' On Fox's back is inscribed 
 “ Loyalty — Independence— Public Good.'' He is calling to 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 255 
 
 John Bull: ct Come along; Johnny; take fast hold of my 
 cloak; and I will bring you to the land of milk and honey .” 
 J ohn Bull replies, ‘ Oh yes, I will try to hold fast; but 
 Fm damnably afraid that your cloak may slip off before we 
 get there ; and I may chance to break my neck.’* 
 
 On Fox’s accession to office; after Pitt’s death. Fox’s 
 two crutches are Lords Sidmouth and Grenville. Fox’s 
 coalition with the latter led to the formation of the cele- 
 brated Broad-Bottom Administration; which was completed 
 on the 3rd of February; 1806. 
 
 308. 
 
 THE CABINETICAL BALANCE. Feb. 1 6th, 1806. 
 
 LOED ELLENBOEOUGH. LOED EESKINE. LOED MOIEA . 
 
 EOX. GEEY. LOED SIDMOUTH. LOED GEENVILLE. 
 
 LOED TEMPLE. WINDHAM. 
 
 Lord Ellenborough is mounted upon the shoulders of 
 Lord Sidmouth; with his feet placed on the Cabinet balance. 
 The two other sections of the Cabinet— the No-bottomites 
 and the Broad-bottomites — are in the opposite scales. By 
 a pressure of his left foot Lord Ellenborough inclines the 
 balance in favour of the Broad-bottomites. 
 
 When Fox and Lord Grenville made overtures to Lord 
 Sidmouth to join their Administration, he assented on con- 
 dition of naming one friend as a member of the Cabinet, 
 and selected Lord Ellenborough, the Chief Justice of the 
 King’s Bench. No act of the Whig Ministry was so un- 
 popular. The Friends of Liberty were indignant that “ the 
 Man of the People’’ should have been prevailed on to con- 
 sent to the admission of the Chief Judge in trials for libels 
 instituted by the Crown, when the Judge himself formed a 
 part of the Executive Government. The inconvenience 
 had been seriously felt in the instance of Lord Mansfield, 
 whose conduct on the trial of Woodfall for the publication 
 
 s 
 
256 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 of Junius’s Letters, and of others for alleged libels, had 
 fully established the justice of their repugnance. Mr. Fox 
 made a most ingenious speech to prove that “ the Cabinet” 
 was only a modern term, and was unknown to the Law or 
 Constitution. It was only a deputation of the Privy Coun- 
 cil, and every Chief Justice was a member of the Privy 
 Council. The defence was ingenious, but not solid, and 
 the public remained unconvinced and dissatisfied, though 
 the House of Commons had refused to sanction Mr. Spen- 
 cer Stanhope’s motion for the removal of Lord Ellen- 
 borough.* The rising sun of the Prince of Wales shines 
 upon the new Ministers, while the spirit of Pitt is hover- 
 ing over the setting sun of the King. 
 
 309 . 
 
 TIDDY-DOLL, THE GREAT FRENCH GINGER- 
 BREAD BAKER DRAWING OUT ANEW BATCH 
 OF KINGS. January QSrd, 1806. 
 
 PRINCE TALLEYRAND. NAPOLEON. SHERIDAN. FOX. 
 
 LORD STANHOPE. LORD MOIRA. LORD DERBY. 
 
 Buonaparte, represented as “ The great French Ginger- 
 bread Baker,” is drawing out of “The New French Oven 
 for Imperial Gingerbread” a batch of Kings — “ The Kings 
 of Bavaria, Wirtemberg and Baden.” “ The Ash-hole for 
 Broken Gingerbread” contains Italy — Austria — The Ne- 
 therlands-— Holland — and Switzerland, swept in by “ the 
 Corsican Besom of Destruction also Death’s head wear- 
 ing the Spanish Crown. A pile of cannon balls supplies 
 fuel for feeding the fire of the Imperial oven. On the 
 right of the print we see “ Little Dough Viceroys intended 
 
 * The present Lord Ellenborough has declared in the House of Lords that 
 his father, in the latter part of his life, admitted the inexpediency of the ap- 
 pointment, and deeply regretted his acceptance of the seat in the Cabinet. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 257 
 
 for the New Batch in these we recognise the portraits 
 of Sheridan, Fox, Lord Moira, &c. with crowns on their 
 heads. On the left is the “ Political Kneading Trough 
 Talleyrand is busily employed in kneading the dough of 
 Hungary, Turkey and Poland. The Prussian Eagle, with 
 a crown on its head, is hovering over Hanover. A basket 
 below contains “ True Corsican Kinglings for Home Con- 
 sumption and Exportation.” Beside it is “ Hot Spiced 
 Gingerbread, all hot ! who dips in my lucky bag ?” &c. &c. 
 
 This print is a most spirited satire on the wanton man- 
 ner in which Buonaparte displayed his despotic power 
 about this period, depriving one Royal Family of its Crown 
 and Sceptre, and tossing them to a relative or favourite. We 
 were told “ the House of Braganza” had ceased to reign, 
 and immediately after, the elevation of Murat, his brother- 
 in-law, to the vacant throne was proclaimed . The King 
 of Spain was deposed, and his own brother Joseph was 
 announced to astonished Europe, as the monarch of that 
 gallant nation of gentlemen and cavaliers ; thus realizing 
 what the ambition of Lewis XIV. had never been able 
 to effect by the War of Succession — the virtual annexation 
 of Spain to France. 
 
 An admirable illustration of the subject of this print 
 occurs in Sheridan’s speech on the state of Ireland in the 
 following year. <c I cannot patiently think of such petty 
 party squabbles, while Buonaparte is grasping the nations ; 
 while he is surrounding France, not with the iron frontier, 
 for which the wish and childish ambition of Lewis XIV. 
 was so eager, but with kingdoms of his own creation ; 
 securing the gratitude of higher minds as the hostage, and 
 the fears of others as pledges for his safety. His are no 
 ordinary fortifications. His Martello Towers are 
 his Allies ; Crowns and Sceptres are the Pali- 
 
 SADOES OF HIS ENTRENCHMENTS, AND KlNGS ARE HIS 
 
 Sentinels.” 
 
 s 2 
 
258 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 310. 
 
 MAKING DECENT; i. e. BROADBOTTOMITES 
 GETTING INTO THE GRAND COSTUME. 
 
 February 20th, 1806. 
 
 GREY. FOX. LORD SIDMOUTH. LORD HENRY PETTY. 
 
 WINDHAM. LORD GRENVILLE. LORD MOIRA. SHERIDAN. 
 
 DUKE OF BEDFORD. TIERNEY. ERSKINE. VANS1TTART. 
 
 The Whigs had long been out of office, and it was a 
 trick of the Tory press to represent the party as men of 
 little property ; though the names and estates of the Duke 
 of Northumberland, Duke of Devonshire, Duke of Bed- 
 ford, Duke of Norfolk, &c. might have been confidently 
 opposed to an equal number of names of the other side. 
 The idea of measuring the merits of Statesmen by the 
 length of their purses was grovelling, and would have de- 
 prived the country of the services of Lord Chatham, Pitt, 
 Fox, Burke, Lord Liverpool, Canning, and many other 
 illustrious names. 
 
 The conception of this print is remarkably clever. Gill- 
 ray represents the new Ministers as having been so long 
 out of office, that they were quite unprepared for appear- 
 ance at Court. But the idea is carried out with so much 
 playfulness and good humour that the parties caricatured 
 must have themselves joined heartily in the laugh. 
 
 Fox is shaving before a glass ; he has hid his bonnet 
 rouge, and his blue and buff coat and waistcoat under a 
 chair; a dress sword is placed ready by his side. Grey is 
 cleaning his teeth before the same glass, which has the 
 Prince of Wales’s feathers over it. Lord Sidmoutffs 
 countenance is partially obscured by the exhalations from 
 a powder-puff. Lord Moira, already nearly dressed in his 
 regimentals, is tying on his stock. Lord Robert Spencer 
 is washing his hands. Lord Grenville, while dressing, 
 turns his Broad-Bottom on some of his colleagues. Lord 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 259 
 
 Erskine, attired in the dress of Lord Chancellor, is looking 
 with delight at himself in a glass. Lord Henry Petty is 
 strutting about the room, admiring his Chancellor of the 
 Exchequer’s robe; and the Duke of Bedford, appointed 
 Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland; is drawing on his boots, pre- 
 paring to start for Ireland to assume the government. On 
 the ground near him is a plan of 44 The Road from Woburn 
 Farm to Ireland,” and 44 A new Way of Improving the 
 Irish Breed of Black Cattle.” 
 
 Lord Henry Petty is thus alluded to in the satirical 
 poem, 44 Elijah’s Mantle 
 
 “ Pitt’s Chequer robe ’tis thine to wear. 
 
 Take of his Mantle too a share, 
 
 ’Twill aid thy Ways and Means ; 
 
 And should Fat Jack and his Cabal 
 Cry, c Rob us the Exchequer, Hal,’ 
 
 ’Twill charm away the fiends.” 
 
 And Lord Sidmouth is thus apostrophised in the same 
 poem : — 
 
 “ Sidmouth, — though low his head is laid, 
 
 Who called thee from thy native shade, 
 
 And gave thee second birth ; 
 
 Gave thee the sweets of power and place, 
 
 The tufted gown — the gilded mace. 
 
 And raised thy puny worth : 
 
 “ Think how his Mantle wrapped thee round : 
 
 Is one of equal virtue found 
 Among thy new compeers ? 
 
 Or can thy cloak of Amiens stuff, 
 
 Once laughed to scorn by Blue and Buff, 
 
 Screen thee from Windham’s jeers ? 
 
 We shall conclude with directing the attention of the 
 reader to the principal member of the new Administration 
 ; — Fox, and his presentation at Court. 44 He went to 
 Court in all the simplicity of a plain dress, without pow- 
 der. He was pleased with the King’s reception of him, 
 and he uniformly appeared to me, the whole subsequent 
 
260 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 time he was in office, full of just respect for his Majesty, 
 attentive to his wishes, and anxious to conduct matters in 
 the office so as to merit the continuance of his approbation.” 
 — See Trotter’s Memoirs , p. 374. 
 
 “ The introduction of Mr. Fox so late into his Majesty’s* 
 Councils may be thought to have occasioned some embar- 
 rassment between the Monarch and his patriotic and neg- 
 lected Minister. Nothing of this kind, however, took 
 place. The Sovereign possessed too much dignity and 
 elevation of mind to adopt any party animosity, and the 
 Minister felt too profound a respect for his Royal master, 
 and too much veneration for monarchy itself, not to ap- 
 proach the Royal presence in a manner worthy of himself 
 and of the King. Everything passed, therefore, in the 
 most agreeable and gracious manner.” 
 
 From the time of Mr. Fox’s entering the Cabinet in 
 February, 1806, till his illness, his Majesty had never oc- 
 casion to testify disapprobation : with his mode of con- 
 ducting a negociation he was much pleased ; his dispatches 
 obtained even his Majesty’s admiration — and of official 
 writing there was no better judge — and there can be little 
 doubt that with such a Minister of Foreign Affairs, the 
 name of the Sovereign and of Great Britain (had he been 
 spared) would have risen to great and proud estimation 
 abroad.” — Trotter’s Memoirs, p. 377* 
 
 311. 
 
 MORE PIGS THAN TEATS; OR, THE NEW 
 LITTER OF HUNGRY G HUNTERS, SUCKING 
 JOHN BULL’S OLD SOW TO DEATH. 
 
 March 5th, 1806. 
 
 HORNE TOOKE. SIR F. BURDETT. TIERNEY. DUKE OF BEDFORD. 
 LORD CARLISLE. LORD ER8KINE. LORD GRENVILLE. LORD H. 
 PETTY. LORD TEMPLE. LORD DERBY. LORD SIDMOUTH. 
 SHERIDAN. FOX. GREY. LORD MOIRA. WINDHAM. THE 
 SPEAKER. 
 
 On the numerous new mouths which, by the accession 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 261 
 
 of the Whigs to power, were to be added to those which 
 already pulled so greedily at John BulPs purse. John 
 appears in great alarm at the eagerness of his numerous 
 brood. 
 
 312. 
 
 A TUB FOR THE WHALE. March 14 th, 1806. 
 
 LORD ERSKINE. SHERIDAN. LORD GRENVILLE. LORD H. 
 PETTY. FOX. LORD ELLENBOROUGH. PRINCE OF WALES. 
 
 Another satire on the Broad- Bottoms, whose ship is 
 wafted forward by the favour of the Prince of Wales, 
 while they are obliged to throw out an empty barrel (sup- 
 posed to represent the great promises of the Whigs) to 
 amuse the great leviathan of public opinion, which is 
 deluging them with “ ridicule ” and “ contempt.” The sun 
 of power is already setting upon them. The broom at the 
 mast-head indicates that the boat is to be disposed of. 
 
 313. 
 
 A GREAT STREAM FROM A PETTY FOUN- 
 TAIN; OR, JOHN BULL SWAMPED IN THE 
 FLOOD OF NEW TAXES. May 9th , 1806. 
 
 WINDHAM. GREY. LORD DERBY. DUKE OF BEDFORD. FOX. 
 LORD MOIRA. LORD GRENVILLE. SHERIDAN. LORD 
 SIDMOUTH. TIERNEY. LORD H. PETTY. SIR F. BURDETT. 
 HORNE TOOKE. 
 
 On the budget of Lord Henry Petty, the new Chan- 
 cellor of the Exchequer. The Whigs had always cried out 
 against excessive taxation, and now they were in power, 
 they were not only obliged to adopt the system of their 
 predecessors, but they found it necessary to add to the 
 burden already existing. The opponents of the new 
 Ministry took advantage of the position in which they were 
 thus placed, to reproach the Whigs with being less econo- 
 
262 - 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 mical, and more greedy of the good things of office than 
 their predecessors ; and Lord Henry Petty is here fur- 
 nishing the stream from which the state cormorants feed. 
 
 314. 
 
 PACIFIC OVERTURES; ORA FLIGHT FROM 
 ST. CLOUDS, “ OVER THE WATER TO 
 CHARLEY/’ April 5 th , 1806. 
 
 LORD ERSKINE. LORD J1LLENBOROUGH. LORD TEMPLE. GREY. 
 GEORGE III. PITT’S STATUE. LORD GRENVILLE. FOX. LORD 
 H. PETTY. NAPOLEON. LORD SIDMOUTH. WINDHAM. 
 LORD LIVERPOOL. TALLEYRAND. LORD LAUDERDALE. 
 
 ARTHUR O’CONNOR. SHERIDAN. DUKE OF CLARENCE. 
 
 MRS. JORDAN. TIERNEY. LORD DERBY. HORNE TOOKE. 
 SIR F. BURDETT. MRS. FITZHERBERT. LORD MOIRA. 
 
 On the extravagant demands of Napoleon, when Fox’s 
 administration agreed to overtures for peace. The scene 
 upon the stage needs little explanation ; the person 
 who is suggesting to Talleyrand is Arthur O’Connor. 
 Among the audience, the Duke of Clarence and Mrs. 
 Jordan occupy the slip above the stage door, in the cha- 
 racters of Jobson and Nell. The lady with Lord Derby, 
 in the stage box, is understood to be Mrs. Fitzherbert. 
 When the print first appeared, her companion was the 
 Prince of Wales; but this gave so much offence to the 
 King, that Gillray erased the figure, and substituted Lord 
 Derby. Above them are Horne Tooke and Burdett. 
 
 All the Talents,” as this motley Ministry was termed, are 
 busily employed in the orchestra. 
 
 315. 
 
 THE MAGNANIMOUS MINISTER, CHASTISING 
 PRUSSIAN PERFIDY. May 2nd , 1806. 
 
 FOX. THE KING OF PRUSSIA. NAPOLEON. 
 
 The King of Prussia is kneeling on the ground, his 
 
POLITICAL SERIES, 
 
 263 
 
 hands held up suppliantly to Fox ; his sword has dropped 
 from his grasp. Fox’s right foot is trampling upon it. 
 Fox stands over the King with a drawn sword, and ex- 
 claims, “ Oh, you Prussian Marauder, you ! What, I’ve 
 caught you at last ? What, you took me for a double- 
 faced Talleyrand, did you ? Did you think I was like 
 yourself, to look one way and row another ? What, you 
 thought because I make loyal speeches now, that I must 
 be a turncoat. O you Frenchified Villain ! I’ll teach you 
 to humbug and insult my poor dear, dear Master, and to 
 join with such rascals as Boney and O’Connor.” The 
 King of Prussia replies, c ‘ Indeed, indeed, indeed I could 
 not help it.” Fox’s left hand is placed behind him, hold- 
 ing a paper inscribed “ The State of the Nation;” it is 
 thereby insinuated that his speeches while in opposition 
 had described the country to be so inadequately defended 
 that the French Emperor was encouraged to undertake 
 its invasion. 
 
 The surrender of Ulm, and the destructive battle of 
 Austerlitz had inflicted the most extensive calamities on 
 our Allies ; but Buonaparte had not been able to wrest 
 from Great Britain any portion of her dominions. The 
 East and West Indies were intact. The Cape of Good 
 Hope, Malta, Trinidad and the Ionian Islands, annexed to 
 Great Britain since the Peace of Amiens, remained secure 
 in her possession. 
 
 Buonaparte, therefore, determined to inflict a wound on 
 the personal feelings of George III. where he thought he 
 would be most sensitive. He turned his eyes towards 
 Hanover, and resolved to deprive the King of the here- 
 ditary dominions of his family. 
 
 On the 15th of December, 1805, a Convention was con- 
 cluded at Vienna, between the Emperor of the French and 
 Count Haugwitz. It was stipulated that Prussia should 
 cede her ancient possessions of Anspach and Bayreuth, 
 and some other provinces, and be allowed to indemnify 
 
264 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 herself by seizing and appropriating to herself the Elec- 
 torate of Hanover. On the 10th of April, 1806, the King 
 of Prussia proclaimed himself King of Hanover. On 
 the 23rd day of April Mr. Secretary Fox brought down 
 a message to the House of Commons from the King, an- 
 nouncing that the King of Prussia had taken possession 
 of Hanover, and closed its ports against the ships of Great 
 Britain. 
 
 In a very moderate speech Fox enlarged on the gross 
 injustice of this conduct of the King of Prussia, and 
 shewed that it did not proceed from urgent necessity, for 
 Russia had promised him powerful military assistance, and 
 England had engaged to furnish large pecuniary supplies, 
 if he should be drawn into a war with France. 66 These 
 were the means he possessed of giving weight to his nego- 
 tiations, and how did he apply these means ? Why, to 
 seize a part of the territories of one of those powers, which 
 had been supporting him in that rank and situation, which 
 enabled him to conclude his treaty. — He says, because I 
 have lost Anspach and Bayreuth, I therefore feel myself 
 under the necessity of seizing the dominions of some third 
 power, not only of a third power, but of one that from all 
 times, and by every circumstance, I am bound to respect.” 
 He stated that, in communicating to the Prussian Minister, 
 Baron Jacobi, his Majesty’s just resentment, he had ex- 
 pressed to him that ££ no consideration of convenience, or 
 mutual accommodation, much less of equivalent, would 
 ever induce his Majesty to forget the exemplary fidelity 
 of his Hanoverian subjects, or consent to the alienation of 
 the Electorate.” He added, that it was impossible to 
 doubt that the King of Prussia was acting under the in- 
 fluence and dictation of France, for he had not only seized 
 Hanover, but had closed its ports against England. This 
 was a direct act of hostility, and a legitimate cause of war. 
 He concluded by moving an address to the King, promis- 
 ing support, which was carried unanimously. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 265 
 
 316. 
 
 COMFORTS OF A RED OF ROSES. 
 
 April 21 st, 1806. 
 
 GHOST OF PITT. FOX. MRS. FOX. NAPOLEON. 
 
 The conception of this print is remarkably happy, and 
 Gillray has bestowed particular pains on its details. The 
 allusion to Fox’s illness, and its causes, aggravates the 
 satire, but most readers will think it had better have been 
 omitted, and was unnecessary for the illustration of the 
 subject. 
 
 Fox and Mrs. Fox are in bed. Fox’s slumbers are 
 agonized by the vision of Buonaparte, whose right hand 
 holds a drawn sword over him, and his left tightly grasps 
 Fox’s collar ; resting his right foot on the bed, and his left 
 on a cannon, inscribed “ pour subjuguer le Monde.” A 
 fierce mastiff (John Bull) is flying at Buonaparte. A ban- 
 ner, surmounted by a bird of prey, and inscribed “ Hor- 
 rors of Invasion,” is seen floating behind Buonaparte. 
 Death’s head is looking from under the bed, Ci grinning 
 horribly a ghastly smile his left arm holds up to Fox’s 
 view an hour-glass, the sand has nearly run out ; round 
 his left arm is entwined a scroll, inscribed “ Intemperance, 
 Dropsy, Dissolution.” Death’s right hand grasps his 
 spear. The Prussian Eagle is hovering over Fox’s bed 
 (Prussia had recently seized Hanover). On the right of 
 Fox’s bed, Pitt’s ghost is endeavouring to rouse him from 
 his sleep, exclaiming, £i Awake, arise, or be for ever fallen.” 
 On the right side of the bed, on the floor, are symbols 
 of Fox’s difficulties — ■“ India Roses :” 6e Emancipation 
 Roses:” “ French Roses:” “ Volunteer Roses.” At the 
 bottom of the bed lies “ A List of the Broad- Bottom Ad- 
 ministration” — Citizen Yolpone, Lord Bogy (Lord Gren- 
 ville, nicknamed Bogy Grenville), Bett Armstead (Mrs. 
 Fox), Doctor Clysterpipe (Lord Sidmouth), Miss Petty 
 (Lord H. Petty). 
 
266 
 
 GILLRAY’s CARICATURESo 
 
 Gillray’s “Bed of Roses” took its origin from an ex- 
 pression of Lord Castlereagh in his speech on Windham’s 
 motion on the military establishments of the country. 
 Lord Castlereagh concluded an elaborate speech by de- 
 claring that the late Administration, in handing over the 
 Government of the country to their successors, had placed 
 them on 44 A Bed of Roses.” When it is recollected that 
 Ulm had surrendered without resistance, that Buonaparte 
 had triumphantly entered Vienna, and the fatal battle of 
 Austerlitz had been lost, it required no ordinary intrepidity 
 to make the assertion in the face of an audience familiar 
 with these events ; but we will record Lord Castlereagh’s 
 own account, and Mr. Fox’s indignant reply. 
 
 Lord Castlereagh said: — 64 The Noble Lord (Lord H. 
 Petty) has found a revenue progressively productive, public 
 credit such as to enable him to borrow for the service of the 
 year on terms highly advantageous to the public ; and the 
 general prosperity of the country such as to admit of his 
 adopting the manly resolution of raising a large additional 
 proportion of the supplies within the year. The Noble 
 Lord (Lord Howick) has found a navy, on the numbers and 
 efficiency of which it is as little necessary for me to com- 
 ment, as upon their late unrivalled achievements. The 
 Right Hon. Gentleman (Mr. Windham) has found an 
 army exceeding by 25,000 men the greatest army the 
 country ever before possessed, and of a description which 
 qualifies them to fulfil every wish their Sovereign can form 
 with respect to their exertions, if their character and con- 
 stitution is not broken down by inconsiderate and specu- 
 lative innovations. I again repeat, that the Government 
 has great difficulties to surmount, but they arise from 
 causes which my late Right Hon. Friend (Mr. Pitt) and 
 those who acted with him, had neither the power nor the 
 means to control. Whatever was immediately under his 
 own guidance has been successfully conducted ; and I do 
 not hesitate to assert that in all the essential points above 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 267 
 
 alluded to, viz. the finances, the navy and the army, com- 
 pared with the embarrassments under which they are dis- 
 posed to represent themselves as taking the Government, 
 
 THE PRESENT ADMINISTRATION MAY BE CONSIDERED 
 
 as on a Bed of Roses.” 
 
 Mr. Secretary Fox said : — “ What has fallen from the 
 Noble Lord appears to me so extraordinary that I could 
 not have imagined that any human nerves were sufficient to 
 enable any one gravely to make such assertions as he has 
 hazarded. He has told us that the country is now placed 
 in such a state of proud splendour and universal prosperity, 
 as never had been handed over by any ministry to their 
 successors. Gracious God ! and in what does this pro- 
 sperity, of which he boasts, consist ? Undoubtedly the 
 navy, by the most unparalleled gallantry, and the most 
 wonderful success, even beyond human calculation, is in a 
 state in which the task of my Bight Hon. Friend near me 
 (Lord Howick) is comparatively easy. But may it not be 
 questioned whether all the merit is due to the last Board ? 
 nay, whether, with a reference to the future, and mainte- 
 nance of the navy, everything is quite so meritorious as 
 the Noble Lord asserts ? But of the splendid victories 
 achieved, is the whole credit to be concentrated in the last 
 eighteen months ? Is none due to that Board of Admiralty 
 at which Lord St. Vincent presided ? none due to those 
 who selected and appointed those officers ? The Noble 
 Lord, indeed, defended Lord St. Vincent too ; but it can- 
 not be denied that many of his friends entertained against 
 that gallant officer as strong prejudices as ever existed in 
 the minds of men. But, after mentioning the navy, I do 
 not know that there is a single point on which I can sub- 
 scribe to the Noble Lord’s representation of the state of the 
 country. Is it in the finances that we are to seek for the 
 proofs ? Because the last Administration laid very heavy 
 burdens on the public, did that facilitate the laying on of 
 those new burthens which my noble Friend (Lord H, 
 
268 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 Petty) found it his duty to propose ? It is true we have 
 forty-three millions of revenue ; but is it very consolatory 
 that we have an expenditure of forty-three millions ? Is 
 there no relation between these objects ? or is it a proof of 
 prosperity that our taxes are enormous, though they are 
 borne with cheerfulness, because they may be necessary ? 
 Does the Noble Lord appeal to Ireland as that with the 
 state of which there is every reason to be proud ? Is 
 India in the best possible state, quite prosperous and tran- 
 quil? Where then is ‘the Bed of Roses 5 to which 
 we have succeeded ? Really it is insulting , to tell me , I 
 am on a bed of roses , when I feel myself torn and stung by 
 brambles and nettles , whichever way I turn. Even the 
 Noble Lord’s late colleague admits, ‘ the Continent is not 
 in a very satisfactory state!!” 5 — ( Hansard’s Debates , 
 Yol. 6, p. 707 .) 
 
 317 . 
 
 THE BEAR AND HIS LEADER. May 19th , 1806. 
 
 LORD SIDMOUTH. LORD H. PETTY. FOX. LORD GRENVILLE. 
 
 Fox is represented as a bear muzzled and led in a chain 
 by his master. Lord Grenville : he says, “ What though I 
 am obligated to dance a bear, a man may be a gentleman 
 for all that ; 55 Lord Grenville has a cudgel in his hand, 
 inscribed, “ Cudgel for disobedient Bears.’ 5 A paper in- 
 scribed, “ Rewards for obedient Bears, 55 hangs from his 
 pocket. He calls out, “ Don’t be afraid of my Bear, 
 Ladies and Gentlemen, I have tamed and muzzled him, 
 and reformed his habits :’ 5 66 My Bear ever dances to the 
 genteelest of tunes.” Lord Sidmouth enacts the part of a 
 blind old fiddler with a wooden leg, and is playing “ God 
 save the King” to the dancing of the bear. From his 
 pocket hangs, “ Pray remember your poor and old blind 
 Fiddler.’ 5 Lord Henry Petty, as a monkey, holds the 
 bear’s tail with one hand, and a cap in the other, to collect 
 contributions ; he is dancing, at his feet is the ballad, “ And 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 269 
 
 a begging we will go.” One of the bear’s feet is on “ga 
 ira.” Behind Lord Sidmouth hangs out a sign-post, in- 
 scribed “ Pro Bono Publico. Superb fine Exhibition at 
 the Bear-Garden, Broad-Bottom Alley. Orpheus charm- 
 ing the Brutes, with a grand accompaniment by Dr. San- 
 grado.” By his side, te Pease Soup, or Bruin’s Delight, a 
 Ballet ;” and “ Bubble and Squeak, a Duett,” an allusion 
 to Lord Grenville’s relatives, Sir Watkins William Winn 
 and Mr. Charles Winn, so nick-named. 
 
 The insinuation intended to be conveyed by Gillray in 
 this print is, that Fox having owed his introduction to 
 office to Lord Grenville, to whom the King had given a 
 carte blanche to form an Administration, was thereby 
 reduced to subordination to that Nobleman. The consti- 
 tution of the Cabinet, and the measures adopted by the 
 new Ministers, particularly the mode of opening the nego- 
 tiation for peace with France, and the frank and concilia- 
 tory spirit in which it was conducted, proved that Fox’s 
 genius was in the ascendant. Fox loved to take counsel 
 with his colleagues on terms of equality ; he would not 
 have brooked a superior. Lord Grenville had the good 
 sense to appreciate the value of his alliance. He was the 
 only man of the party who could, at that time, have led 
 the House of Commons with equal success. It redounds 
 to the honour of the three sections which constituted the 
 Cabinet, that they seem to have acted together with mutual 
 confidence, unalloyed by jealousy, as long as the health of 
 Fox was spared to share in their deliberations. 
 
 318 . 
 
 THE TRIUMPH OF QUASSIA. June 10 th, 1806. 
 
 BARCLAY. COMBE. WHITBREAD. LORD H. PETTY. 
 
 LORD GRENVILLE. FOX. 
 
 On the support given to the monopoly of the great 
 breweries, and the alleged substitution of quassia for hops 
 
2?0 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 in brewing porter. The great brewers of the day form the 
 procession on foot ; while the three ministers, now riding 
 the same horse, take the lead. 
 
 319 . 
 
 VISITING THE SICK. July 28th , 1806 . 
 
 LORD TEMPLE. LORD GRENVILLE. MARQUIS OE BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 LORD SIDMOUTH. LORD DERBY. MRS. FOX. LORD H. PETTY. 
 
 WINDHAM. LORD MOIRA. PRINCE OF WALES. MRS. 
 
 FITZHERBERT. FOX. SHERIDAN. LORD HOWICK. 
 
 Fox is raised up in a great arm-chair, bis swollen legs 
 indicate the last stage of dropsy. Mrs. Fitzherbert, 
 habited as an Abbess, is endeavouring to console him : 
 tc Do confess your sins, Charley ! Do take advice from an 
 old Abbess, and receive absolution ! Here is Bishop 
 O’Bother, ’twill be quite snug among friends, you know.” 
 The Roman Catholic Prelate in full pontificals, with a 
 crucifix at his side, thus addresses him : “ O Tempora, O 
 Mores ! Charley, dear Charley ! remember your poor soul, 
 and if you’re spared this time, give us Emancipation — 
 or — ! ! \” Sheridan, standing behind him, says, “ Emanci- 
 pation ! Fudge ! Why, Dr. O’Bother, I thought you knew 
 better \” A “ Scheme for a new Administration,” already 
 prepared, is hanging out of his pocket. Fox replies to the 
 Catholic Bishop, “ I abhor all communion which debars 
 us of the comfort of the cup ! Will no one give me a 
 cordial?” The Prince of Wales appears oppressed with 
 grief : he says, “ Alas, poor Charley ! do give him a brim- 
 mer of sack, ’twill do him more good, Abbess, than all the 
 Bishop’s nostrums !” From the Prince’s pocket is seen 
 hanging a “ Letter from Jeffery.” This alludes to a pam- 
 phlet recently published by Jeffery, who had been an emi- 
 nent goldsmith and jeweller in Dover Street, and had been 
 ruined by the large amount of jewellery and plate he had 
 furnished to the Prince of Wales and Mrs. Fitzherbert by 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 271 
 
 the Prince’s order. Despairing of obtaining payment, he 
 had recently printed “A Letter to the Prince of Wales/’ 
 in which he charged him with having induced him to fur- 
 nish the jewellery and plate by the most solemn and re- 
 peated pledges of his personal honour to provide for the 
 payment of the debt, and notwithstanding, having left 
 his claim totally unliquidated. On a stand near Fox’s 
 chair a chamber utensil is placed upon “ Negotiation 
 for peace between Great Britain and France.” Lord 
 Henry Petty is weeping, and exclaims, “ Ah poor me ! I 
 fear my dancing days are over.” New Taxes for 1806 ” 
 are seen hanging out of his pocket. Windham cries out, 
 ee O Lord, what side can I tack round to now ?” Lord 
 Moira says, “ I must go back to Ballynahinch, och ! och !” 
 Lord Grenville asks, “ Well, Doctor, have you done his 
 business?” Lord Sidmouth replies, “ We’ll see.” Mrs. 
 Fox has fainted in a corner of the room ; Lord Derby is 
 administering to her a glass of true Maidstone gin (an 
 allusion to the trial of O’Connor at Maidstone) and says, 
 
 My dear old flame Bet, don’t despair ! if Charley is 
 popp’d off, an’t I here to comfort you ?” 
 
 This print is a strong exemplification of the bitterness 
 of party violence prevalent at this time. The sorrows and 
 sufferings of a sick room are not proper subjects of legiti- 
 mate satire. There was no pretence of superior sanctity 
 or patriotism claimed for Mr. Fox on the part of his 
 friends, and consequently no ground for invading the pri- 
 vacy of domestic life. It affords us, however, the oppor- 
 tunity of recording that in his last illness, Mr. Fox 
 received the most affectionate attentions from his old 
 friends. 
 
 The deep feeling displayed by Lord Holland resembled 
 filial affection. Miss Fox, Lord Holland’s sister, was 
 most affectionate in her attentions. His early friends, 
 Lord Robert Spencer and General Fitzpatrick, endeavoured 
 to soothe his sufferings and cheer his spirits. The late 
 
 T 
 
272 
 
 GILLRAY S CARICATURES. 
 
 Duke of Devonshire was his constant visitor, and when 
 change of air was recommended, he placed his noble man- 
 sion at Chiswick at Mr. Fox’s disposal. It is also gratify- 
 ing to record, upon the testimony of Mr. Fox’s private 
 secretary, Mr. Trotter, that, while Mr. Fox remained in 
 the Duke of Bedford’s house in Stable Yard, St. James’s, 
 the Prince of Wales was a frequent visitor, and displayed 
 the utmost solicitude for the health of his old friend. 
 
 66 The Prince of Wales,” says Mr. Trotter, “ at this time 
 shewed all the marks of a feeling heart, and of great con- 
 stancy in friendship, more honourable to him than the 
 high station he adorned. Almost every day he called and 
 saw Mr. Fox. There was no affectation in his visits ; the 
 countenance, full of good-natured concern — the manner, 
 expressive of lively interest — the softened voice — evinced 
 that not all the splendour, the flattery or pleasures of a 
 Court had changed the brightest feature in the human 
 character, — attention to a sick and drooping friend.” — 
 Trotter’s Memoirs , p. 117- It would be superfluous to 
 record other names. The last audible words of the expir- 
 ing Statesman were (( I die happy.” 
 
 320. 
 
 BRUIN IN HIS BOAT; OR, THE MANAGER IN 
 DISTRESS. June 20th , 1806. 
 
 WILBERFORCE. LORD DERBY. LORD STANHOPE. LORD MELVILLE. 
 
 WHITBREAD. LORD SIDMOUTH. 
 
 Lord Melville, habited as a Scottish Thane, is standing 
 on the Rock of Innocence ; he is discharging two cannons, 
 one inscribed u Adam’’ and the other “ Plomer” (the 
 names of his Counsel) ; with these he shatters to pieces 
 the vessel “ Impeachment.” Whitbread is thrown out of 
 it into the water, and is swimming to save his life. Fox, 
 as u Bruin,” is in his boat, standing upon the “Vanity 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 273 
 
 Cooler 5” the flag “ Vanity” is floating from the mast 
 head, the Reports of the Naval Commissioners are inscribed 
 on the sail. Wilberforce, Lord Stanhope and Lord Derby, 
 as birds of prey, are hovering around. The “ Broad- Bot- 
 tom Goose Cap” is seen, with Lord Sidmouth’s head placed 
 in it. On the left of the print, at the top, is a balance, 
 inscribed “ Impartiality/ 5 “ Integrity 55 has weighed down 
 “ Defamation. 55 In Lord Melville’s perspective is “ The 
 Rock of Honour, 55 and “ Posterity. 55 
 
 321 . 
 
 THE FRIEND OF THE PEOPLE AND BIS PETTY 
 NEW TAX-GATHERER, PAYING JOHN BULL 
 A VISIT. May 28th , 1806 . 
 
 FOX. LORD H. PETTY. 
 
 Fox and Lord Henry Petty are knocking at John Bulks 
 door. Lord Henry Petty vociferates “ Taxes! Taxes! 
 Taxes ! 55 Fox is pointing to a schedule of New Taxes in 
 Lord Henry 5 s hands. Over John Bulks shop is inscribed 
 “ John Bull, late Dealer in the shop below — Moved up 
 Stairs. N.B. Porterage done; Shoes cleaned. 55 A bill 
 is stuck on the shop — “This Shop to Let, inquire of the 
 Tax-Gatherer. 55 John Bull, popping his head out of a 
 first-floor window, cries, “ Taxes, taxes, taxes ! why, how 
 am I to get money to pay them all ? I shall very soon 
 have neither a house nor hole to put my head in ! 55 Fox 
 replies, “ A house to put your head in ! why, what the 
 devil should you want a house ? havn 5 t you got a first 
 floor room to live in, and if that is too dear, can’t you move 
 into the garret or get into the cellar ? Taxes must be had, 
 Johnny. Come, down with your cash, it 5 s all for the good 
 of your dear country ! 55 On the right of the print is a 
 newly-erected pump, inscribed, “New Brewery for the 
 Benefit of the Poor. Erected 1806 , C. J. Volpone, Over- 
 seer. 55 Boys are pumping out the water. A broken and 
 
 t 2 
 
274 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 discarded barrel of i( Whitbread’s Entire” is lying on the 
 ground. On the left of the print is a barrel of “ Home- 
 brewed Small Beer. Ten shillings a barrel, duty.” Be- 
 hind Fox is a Broad-Bottom Pop Shop. 
 
 This print is intended to point out to popular indigna- 
 tion the oppressive nature of the new taxes imposed by 
 the Broad-Bottom’d Ministers. But the leading feature 
 of the print, Fox’s reply to John Bull’s complaint, is a 
 most just and happy satire on a passage of Fox’s speech, 
 on the new 10 per cent property duty. After urging that 
 some allowance was made to annuitants, Mr. Fox said : 
 According to the extent of a man’s income, in many dif- 
 ferent situations, he might have it in his power to make 
 such alterations in his expenditure as that the tax might 
 not entirely crush him; he might be able in some measure 
 to relieve himself : if he lived in the first floor, for instance, 
 he might remove to the second, and so lessen his expenses : 
 if he was on the second floor already, he might mount to 
 the attic story : but where a man was already found to be 
 in the cellar, where could he be sent to, what resource 
 could he have ?” — See Hansard’s Debates , May I5t/i, 
 1806. 
 
 322. 
 
 SKETCH FOR A MONUMENT OF DISAP- 
 POINTED JUSTICE. July 9 t/i, 1806. 
 
 LORD ELLENBOROUGH. LORD SIDMOUTH. LORD GRENVILLE. 
 LORD LAUDERDALE. LORD STANHOPE. 
 
 Fiat Justitia, Ruat C(elum. 
 
 The Chief Justice of England (Lord Ellenborough) holds 
 the balance. With the Sword of Justice he strikes 
 off the froth from a pot of “ Whitbread’s Entire.” Whit- 
 bread was the leading manager of Lord Melville’s Im- 
 peachment. The balance is inclined by the “ Decision of 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 275 
 
 the Peers, the Votes of the Bishops, the Opinion of Eleven 
 of the Judges and of Lord Eldon.” “ Not Guilty.” 
 Lord Ellenborough is seated on the “ Broad-Bottom 
 Cabinet,” which is supported by Viscount Sidmouth, Lord 
 Lauderdale and Earl Stanhope. The label of tffi Viper 
 Drops” is seen in Lord Sidmouth’s pocket. In front of 
 Earl Stanhope is “The Catameran of Justice, to blow up 
 all Opposition in spite of wind and tide.” Lord Lauder- 
 dale is dressed as a Highlander, his bagpipes are by his 
 side, his feet rest on “ Brissot’s Principles of 
 Justice.”* Lord Lauderdale, at the commencement of 
 the Revolution, had eulogized Brissot. Burke, in his 
 Letter to the Duke of Bedford, speaks of “ Citizen Brissot 
 and his friend the Earl of Lauderdale.” 
 
 Ten Articles of Impeachment were preferred by the 
 Commons against Lord Melville. The greatest number 
 of Peers who voted on any one article was 135, viz. on the 
 4th article, on which he was unanimously acquitted. On 
 the second article, 81 pronounced him “not guilty,” and 
 54 pronounced him “guilty” — majority 27. Among the 
 peers who pronounced him guilty on the second article 
 were the Lord Chancellor Erskine, Lord Chief Justice 
 Ellenborough, Lord Sidmouth, Privy Seal, Lord Stanhope 
 and Lord Lauderdale. On the 12th of June the Lord 
 Chancellor pronounced the judgment of the House of 
 Peers. The Lord Chancellor said, “ Henry Viscount 
 Melville, I am to acquaint your Lordship, that you are 
 
 * Burke, in his preface to his son’s translation of Brissot’s Address to his 
 Constituents in 1794, says : “The translator of the following work brings 
 forward to the English tribunal of opinion the testimony of a witness beyond 
 all exception. His competence is undoubted. He knows every thing which 
 concerns this Revolution to the bottom. He is a chief actor in all the scenes 
 which he presents. No man can object to him as a Royalist ; the Royal 
 party and the Christian religion never had a more determined enemy. In a 
 word, It is Brissot. It is Brissot, the Republican, the Jacobin, and the 
 Philosopher, who is brought to give an account of Jacobinism, of Repub- 
 licanism and of Philosophy.’’ 
 
276 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 acquitted of the Articles of Impeachment exhibited against 
 you by the Commons for High Crimes and Misdemeanors* 
 and of all things contained therein.” Lord Melville stood 
 whilst the Lord Chancellor addressed him, and made a low 
 bow when he had finished .- — See Howell’s State Trials * 
 Vol 29. 
 
 323. 
 
 WESTMINSTER CONSCRIPTS UNDER THE 
 TRAINING ACT. Sept . 1st * 1806. 
 
 lord Lauderdale (the Scottish Dove). napoleon. 
 
 TALLEYRAND. POX. LORD ERSKINE. LORD ELLENBOROUGH. 
 
 LORD TEMPLE. LORD H. PETTY. LORD MOIRA. SHERIDAN. 
 
 LORD GRENVILLE. LORD SIDMOUTH. COLONEL HANGER. 
 
 WINDHAM. LORD HOWICK. 
 
 The satire intended to be conveyed by this print is that 
 the Broad-Bottom Ministers were willing “to ground 
 arms*” or in other words, to make an ignominious peace 
 with the enemy. Buonaparte is the Drill Serjeant ; 
 he is standing on a pile of cannon bails with a drawn 
 sword in his hand, and has given the word of command 
 to ground arms. Talleyrand is the Constable of the 
 corps. Fox is brought in his sick chair to act as 
 Drummer to the conscripts. G. R. is marked on his 
 drum. The Prince of Wales’s feathers are on the back of 
 his chair. The Flugel Man is Lord Grenville* who has 
 already given the signal to the conscripts. Lord Erskine* 
 ill disciplined, is bowing and presenting his musket to the 
 Constable of the corps (Talleyrand). Windham is Cor- 
 poral. Lord Ellenborough* Lord Sidmouth, Sheridan, 
 Colonel Hanger, &c. are grounding arms* but the gallant 
 Moira is awkward in grounding his arms, and discharges 
 his musket in the air. Lord Lauderdale, the Scottish 
 Dove, is bringing an olive branch in his mouth, and the 
 “ Terms of Peace” are carried between his feet. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 277 
 
 The circumstances in which the missions of Lord Yar- 
 mouth and Lord Lauderdale originated, are unexampled 
 in diplomatic history. A few days after Mr. Fox had 
 entered office, he received a letter from a Frenchman, who 
 had just arrived at Gravesend, requesting him to forward 
 a passport to him, as he had something to communicate 
 which would give him satisfaction. Mr. Fox directed a 
 constable to be sent to bring him in custody to his house 
 in Arlington Street. To avoid repetition we will give an 
 extract from Mr. Fox’s account of the transaction in a 
 letter to Talleyrand, dated Feb. 20th, 1806. 4 ‘ After a 
 
 short and unimportant conversation, the villain had the 
 audacity to tell me, that it was necessary for the tranquillity 
 of all Crowned Heads to put to death the Ruler of France, 
 and that for this purpose a house had been hired at Passy, 
 from which this detestable project could be carried into 
 effect with certainty and without risk.” Mr. Fox proceeds 
 to say, at first he did him the honour to suppose him to 
 be a spy, and intended to send him immediately out of the 
 country ; but on reflection he determined to detain him for 
 a short time and then have him conveyed to Hamburgh, 
 that ample time might be given to the French Govern- 
 ment to defeat the conspiracy if it really existed. He calls 
 himself Guillet de la Grevilliere, but I think it a false name. 
 Talleyrand replied on the 5th of March, 4£ I have laid your 
 Excellency’s letter before his Majesty. His first words, 
 after having read it, were, 4 1 recognize here the principles 
 of honour and virtue, by which Mr. Fox has ever been 
 actuated. Thank him on my part.’ ” Talleyrand adds, 
 
 44 It may be agreeable to you to receive news from this 
 country. I send you the Emperor’s speech to the Legis- 
 lative Body. You will see that our wishes are still for 
 peace.” 
 
 Mr. Fox considered the communication of the Emperor’s 
 speech, enclosed in Talleyrand’s letter, an overture of 
 peace, and resolved not to sacrifice this paramount object 
 
278 
 
 GILLRAY S CARICATURES. 
 
 of his policy to unnecessary etiquette and pedantic punc- 
 tilios. He hoped the spirit of conciliation evinced might 
 be esteemed a step in advance towards peace. He there- 
 fore at once replied, that England was most desirous of 
 peace ; but then it must be a peace honourable to both 
 nations and their allies, any other would only be a hollow 
 truce. In a private letter to Talleyrand he requested, as 
 a personal favour to himself, the release of Lord Yarmouth, 
 who was one of the English travellers detained prisoners 
 in France since the commencement of the war. Lord 
 Yarmouth was a private friend of the Prince of Wales; 
 but from the application, Buonaparte naturally supposed 
 he was a private friend of Fox, who enjoyed his con- 
 fidence. His release was immediately granted. In an 
 interview with Lord Yarmouth, Talleyrand intimated to 
 him that he might advantageously act as the agent of secret 
 and confidential communications between the two Govern- 
 ments. He hinted that Hanover should be restored to the 
 King of England, and that France would forbear the pre- 
 tensions to Sicily, which she had lately put forward. Lord 
 Yarmouth repaired to London, and communicated the con- 
 versation to Mr. Fox. Lord Yarmouth shortly returned 
 to Paris, instructed by Fox to open the negotiation on 
 these grounds, and directed him to propose that England 
 should negotiate in conjunction with Russia. Talleyrand 
 objected to the interposition of Russia between two great 
 Powers, capable of adjusting their own differences, but 
 added as the negotiators of the three Powers would reside 
 at Paris, the object of Mr. Fox might be attained by pri- 
 vate communications with each other. The Emperor 
 Alexander specifically directed his ambassador D’Oubril 
 not to sign any treaty except with a complete understand- 
 ing with England. The conferences proceeded favourably 
 for some time, but the persuasive arts of the French 
 Minister held out advantages to Russia, and persuaded 
 her weak minister to sign a separate treaty of peace with 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 279 
 
 France, in direct contravention of the Emperor Alexander’s 
 instructions. The demands of the French Government 
 immediately rose ; Talleyrand declared that he could 
 no longer negotiate with Lord Yarmouth, unless he 
 obtained full powers from his Government. These were 
 immediately forwarded by Mr. Fox, accompanied by the 
 most distinct and peremptory instructions not to produce 
 them, unless the French Minister would recur to the ori- 
 ginal overtures, and recognize the restoration of Hanover, 
 and the abandonment of the French pretensions to Sicily 
 as a preliminary and sine qua non of his production of the 
 full powers accredited to him. Unfortunately, influenced 
 by the private assurances of the Russian Minister, that the 
 perseverance in his refusal to produce his full powers 
 would lead to the immediate rupture of the negotiation, 
 Lord Yarmouth yielded, and produced them to the French 
 Minister. Thus Talleyrand succeeded in persuading both 
 the Russian and English Ambassadors to violate their 
 most clear, plain and peremptory instructions. The 
 French General Clarke was appointed to negotiate with 
 Lord Yarmouth. 
 
 The French Minister now assumed a much higher tone, 
 and urged that the restoration of Hanover for the honour 
 of the British Crown, Malta for the glory of the Navy, 
 and the Cape of Good Hope for the advantage of British 
 Commerce, ought to be sufficient inducements to England 
 to conclude a peace. Lord Yarmouth’s dispatch, an- 
 nouncing the production of his full powers, astounded the 
 British Cabinet. €S The necessity of some other negotiator 
 was immediately felt, and the important charge was en- 
 trusted to Lord Lauderdale, a nobleman whose discern- 
 ment and talents eminently qualified him for the task, and 
 whose uniform disposition to a pacific system of policy 
 was a strong earnest of the sincerity of the British Cabinet 
 in their endeavours to obtain peace. The health of Mr. 
 Fox began at this period to decline, and the nomination of 
 
280 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 his personal friend, and tried political adherent, was a 
 pledge that the Cabinet continued to promote his views, 
 and to consult the spirit of his policy.”* Lord Lauder- 
 dale arrived at Paris on the 5th of August, and had an 
 interview with General Clarke. As the English Govern- 
 ment had given a coadjutor to Lord Yarmouth, the French 
 Government appointed Champagny, the Minister of the 
 Interior, to co-operate with General Clarke. 
 
 The illness of Mr. Fox was most calamitous, and his 
 death seems to have terminated all hopes of peace. Lord 
 Grenville was then not only nominally, but decidedly 
 Prime Minister. Buonaparte might recollect the haughty 
 dispatches which Lord Grenville, when Secretary of State, 
 had addressed to the Directory and to his own Govern- 
 ment. Lord Lauderdale is allowed to have conducted the 
 negotiation with great ability, but he could never regain 
 the lost ground. The spirit of conciliation had departed 
 from the French Councils, their increasing demands neces- 
 sarily led to the termination of the negotiations. Whether 
 peace might have been attained if Mr. Fox had lived it is 
 of course impossible to say, but all hope of it seems to 
 have terminated with his life. We feel confident impartial 
 history will not attribute the failure to the English Go- 
 vernment. 
 
 324. 
 
 NEWS FROM CALABRIA ! CAPTURE OF 
 BUENOS AYRES! Sept. 13 th, 1806. 
 
 JOSEPHINE. NAPOLEON. TALLEYRAND. 
 
 On the dismay of Napoleon on his defeat at Maida, the 
 capture of Buenos Ayres by the English, and the 
 symptoms of a general rising against him among the 
 continental states. 
 
 * We have quoted this passage from the Annual Register for 1806. We 
 have reason to know that the history of this negotiation was revised, or rather 
 written for it by Lord Grenville. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 281 
 
 325. 
 
 TRIUMPHAL PROCESSION OF LITTLE PAULL 
 THE TAILOR UPON HIS NEW GOOSE. 
 
 Nov. 6th, 1806. 
 
 BOSVILLE. HORNE TOOKE. PAULL. SIR F. BURDETT. 
 
 COBBETT. 
 
 The scene is Covent Garden during the Westminster 
 Election of November, 1806. 
 
 Bosville is distributing money among the mob to cry 
 out 44 Pauli for ever ! 55 44 There’s a penny a-piece for you, 
 
 lads ! and now hollo out 4 Paul for ever/ and then Pll give 
 each of you a ride in my coach and four ! Hollo, Boys ! ! 55 
 Horne Tooke is 44 An old Monk from Brentford, leading 
 poor Goose in a string/ 5 Burdett is the Goose, and Pauli 
 is mounted upon the Goose 5 s back ; in his right hand is 
 an open pair of shears, exhibiting 44 True Perth Cucum- 
 bers ; 55 in his left hand is a measure ; under him is 44 India 
 Cabbage: 55 “Patterns for the new Parliament Dress: 55 
 44 Superfine Cloth :” and an inscription, 44 Goose upon 
 Goose.” 44 The Triumphal Procession of Little Pauli the 
 Taylor upon his New Goose 55 advances slowly. 44 Porcu- 
 pine (Cobbett) is dirtying his boots in attempting to give 
 poor Goose a shove out of the kennel. 55 Cobbett is a 
 newsman, lustily blowing a horn and roaring out, “ Glo- 
 rious news ! Pauli for ever ! Damnation to the Whigs ! 55 In 
 his left hand is 44 Cobbett 5 s Political Register. 55 A card 
 with 44 Independence and Public Justice 55 is stuck in his 
 hat. In his pocket are 4 ‘ Speeches for Pauli, Goose, 55 &c. 
 44 Ballad-singers at 5s per day 55 close the procession. The 
 card of 44 Independence and Public Justice 55 in Cobbett’s 
 hat alludes to the investigation he had proposed into the 
 conduct of the Marquis of Wellesley in India, and the 
 Articles of Impeachment he had exhibited against him, 
 
282 GILLR A y’s CARICATURES. 
 
 326. 
 
 THE HIGH FLYING CANDIDATE (i. e. LITTLE 
 PAULL GOOSE) MOUNTING FROM A BLAN- 
 KET. Nov. llth , 1806. 
 
 SIR SAMUEL HOOD. PAULL. MONUMENT OF FOX IN COYENT 
 GARDEN CHURCH YARD. SHERIDAN. 
 
 The scene is the front of the hustings before Covent 
 Garden Churchy at the conclusion of the Westminster 
 Election, November, 1806. Sir Samuel Hood and She- 
 ridan, the successful candidates, are tossing Pauli in the 
 Coalition Blanket into the air, his shears and his hat are 
 flying up with him. His “ Cucumbers”and his cabbage” 
 are about to follow. Behind Sir Samuel Hood are banners 
 inscribed “ Navy and Volunteers,” “ Hood and Sheridan 
 for ever.” In Sheridan’s pocket is seen 61 The Devil 
 among the Taylors.” Behind Sheridan is a man holding 
 a banner, inscribed <f Sheridan and Hood, Volunteers and 
 the Navy,” and vociferating tc Sherry and Hood for Ever.” 
 Another calls out “ No Stitchlouse.” A monument is 
 seen, inscribed, 66 Sacred to the memory of poor Charley, 
 late Member for the City of Westminster. We ne’er 
 shall see his like again.” Fox’s head is placed upon the 
 monument ; from his mouth issues the exclamation, “ O 
 Tempora, O Mores.” 
 
 327. 
 
 POSTING TO THE ELECTION. A SCENE ON 
 THE ROAD TO BRENTFORD. Nov. 1806. 
 
 Dec. 1st, 1806. 
 
 LORD GRENVILLE. SHERIDAN. SIR SAMUEL HOOD. MELLISH . 
 MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. LORD TEMPLE. LORD CASTLE- 
 REAGH. PAULL. BYNG. HEAD OF FOX. NAPOLEON. SIR F. 
 BURDETT. HORNE TOOKE. BOSVILLE. COBBETT. 
 
 The Candidates for Middlesex in November 1806, were 
 Byng, Sir Francis Burdett, and Mellish. They and their 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 283 
 
 friends are posting to the hustings. Sheridan and Sir 
 Samuel Hood are riding on one horse (intimating their 
 coalition at the late Westminster election) . Sheridan is 
 waving his hat, and hurrahing ; — “ Hood for ever/’ still 
 remains in his hat. In his pocket is Cfi Neck or Nothing, 
 a new Coalition.” On the horse’s side is hanging, “ Sub- 
 scription of Malt and Hops from the Whitbread brewery.” 
 Sir Samuel Hood is waving his hat ; the card, Sheri- 
 dan for ever/’ is still in it. Their horse, kicking up 
 behind, overthrows Pauli, who is riding upon an ass ; 
 his shears and “ Impeachment” drop from his hands. 
 Mellish is proceeding in a coach drawn by four horses ; 
 Lord Grenville, mounted on the box, is driving; the 
 Marquis of Buckingham, Lord Temple, and Lord Castle- 
 reagh are standing up behind. 6C The State of the Poll ,’ 5 
 and “ Independence / 5 are upon the upper panels, and 
 on the lower are “ Rule Britannia, and the Bank of 
 England for ever / 5 and 66 Integrity and Independence /’ — 
 affixed to the carriage is a banner inscribed i( Loyalty and 
 Independence for ever. 5 ’ Byng is in another carriage, a 
 bust of Fox upon a pole is in front of the carriage, with 
 an inscription under it, “ The Good old Whig Block ; 55 
 on an upper panel is The good old Whig Interest for 
 ever . 55 (i Old Wigs for ever 5 ’ is on the coach door. 
 Burdett is riding in front of a cart, he is waving his hat, 
 and calling out Liberty for ever . 55 The Life of Oliver 
 Cromwell ’ 5 is seen in his pocket. Horne Tooke and Bos- 
 ville are riding in the cart. Horne Tooke holds up a 
 ' banner, inscribed 66 Liberty and Equality, no Placemen in 
 Parliament, no Property Tax, no Bastilles, Liberty for 
 ever ! 5 ’ Paine’s “ Rights of Man ’ 5 are seen in Bosville 5 s 
 pocket. On the side of the cart is inscribed “ No Taxed 
 Carts, Burdett for ever .’ 5 Buonaparte is the postillion ; 
 insinuating that Burdett was friendly to the revolutionary 
 principles of France, and wished to introduce them here. 
 Cobbett is employed by Burdett as a drummer, his 
 drumsticks are his “ Political Register/’ and inflammatory 
 
284 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 letters. A great crowd follows — “ Orator Broad Face, 
 Swallow Street/* holding up a pot of porter, is conspi- 
 cuous. 
 
 328. 
 
 THE FUNERAL PROCESSION OF BROAD- 
 BOTTOM. April 6th , 1807- 
 
 LORD LAUDERDALE. LORD MOIRA. LORD ELLENBOROUGH. 
 
 SHERIDAN. THE BODY OF LORD GRENVILLE IN A HEARSE. 
 
 LORD HOWICK. MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. THE POPE. 
 
 LORD NUGENT. LORD SIDMOUTH. LORD ST. VINCENT. 
 
 WINDHAM. LORD H. PETTY. 
 
 On the dismissal of the Grenville ministry, in March, 
 1807, in consequence of their proposing to the King the 
 admission of the Catholics to all ranks in the army and 
 navy, the body of Lord Grenville is placed in a hearse. 
 
 4 6 Gul. Baro. de Broad-Bottom obiit die Martis 24 0 A.D. 
 1807” The mourners following the corpse are Lord 
 Moira, Lord Ellenborough, Sheridan, Lord Temple 
 “ shedding tears from Hedge Land.’* The Marquis of 
 Buckingham, habited as a Catholic priest, a crucifix is 
 hanging from his ribbon, and his train is held up by 
 Lord Howick. Lord Sidmouth, Lord St. Vincent, and 
 Windham, are the pall-bearers. The Tories had raised 
 the cry of No Popery,** and the Pope is introduced in 
 the procession prepared to officiate at the interment. 
 Lord Henry Petty dressed as a Catholic priest, is 
 preceding the hearse, his left hand bears a lighted torch, 
 his bell has dropped from his right hand. The hearse % 
 is advancing towards a church, but the hands of a clergy- 
 man are extended to refuse sepulture in it. He says, 
 
 “ No burial here for a Broad-bottom ; he died a Roman ; 
 besides, *tis a felo-de-se * case ; take him to the next four 
 
 * Mr. Sheridan complained strongly of the folly of Ministers in furnishing 
 
 the King with such a popular pretext for their dismissal. “ He had often/' 
 he said, “ heard of people knocking out their brains against a wall, but never 
 before knew of any one building a wall expressly for the purpose." 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 285 
 
 cross-roads ; and the family has a large stake always 
 ready .” # 
 
 329. 
 
 VIEW OF THE HUSTINGS IN COVENT GAR- 
 DEN. Vide THE WESTMINSTER ELECTION. 
 
 November, 1806. December 13th, 1806. 
 
 SIR SAMUEL HOOD. WHITBREAD. SHERIDAN. PETER MOORE. 
 
 DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. PAULL. COBBETT. SIR 
 
 F. BURDETT. BOSVILLE. 
 
 This is one of Gillray’s happiest conceptions. On the 
 extreme right of the print stand Col. Bosville, Sir Francis 
 Burdett, Cobbett and a host of his ultra-liberal supporters, 
 with cards in their hats bearing Pauli’s name. Pauli is ad- 
 dressing the mob, and pointing to Sheridan, designates 
 him 44 The sunk, the lost, the degraded Treasurer.” A 
 ferocious dog, whose collar is inscribed 4 ‘ Peter Moore,’’ is 
 endeavouring to bite Pauli. The Duke of Northumber- 
 land is looking askance at Pauli, and has a card, inscribed 
 44 Notability,” in his hat. Sheridan is in the centre, sur- 
 rounded by a phalanx of distinguished Whigs, bearing his 
 cards in their hats. Whitbread is consoling Sheridan with 
 “ a Pot of Whitbread’s new Loyal Porter.” He has 
 44 Hood and Sheridan” in his hat, to intimate that these 
 two candidates had united their interests. Sir Samuel 
 Hood, drest in his naval uniform, stands on the right of 
 Sheridan ; it is seen that he has lost his left arm in the 
 service of his country. 
 
 A tumultuous mob is assembled in the front of the 
 hustings. Some in front of Pauli are roaring out 44 Pauli 
 and Plumpers 44 Pauli and Independence.” One carries 
 a cabbage on the top of a pole, and cries out “ No Cab- 
 baging Candidate.” Others, 44 No Stitching Representa- 
 
 * For an explanation of this expression, see p. 207. 
 
286 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 tive.” Shears are upheld, and ie No Pauli Goose” vocife- 
 rated. But the grand attack is on Sheridan. (e No Har- 
 lequin Turncoat •/* “ No Stage Tricks “ No Vagabond 
 Representative “ Pay your debts, Mr. Treasurer 
 
 Where’s my Renter’s Share ?” &c. A few cry out, 
 “ Sherry and liberty.” Some of the mob assembled before 
 Sir Samuel Hood cry out <c Hood for ever others, “ No 
 two Faces under one Hood “ No Picton,” &c. 
 
 Never had Sheridan, during the course of his political life, 
 experienced so bitter a mortification, so severe a humilia- 
 tion, as at the Westminster Election in November, 1806 . 
 On the death of Fox he had flattered himself that his own 
 popularity would point him out as the natural successor of 
 his illustrious friend. He reckoned on the popular favour, 
 he had reason to expect the Government support, and he 
 was sure of the Prince of Wales’s interest. He received 
 an unexpected disappointment. The Duke of Northum- 
 berland put forward his eldest son. Lord Percy. Lord 
 Grenville did not feel himself sufficiently strong to offend 
 the irritable Duke, who commanded eight or nine votes in 
 the House of Commons. Sheridan declined the contest, 
 and retreated with tolerable grace ; he could not be ex- 
 pected to oppose the long purse of the Duke of Northum- 
 berland, and the influence of Government united. 
 
 But at the general election in November, 1806 , Lord 
 Percy stood for the county of Northumberland; West- 
 minster was then open to Sheridan. Pauli, who had lately 
 displayed considerable talent in the House of Commons 
 announced himself as a candidate, and he was most ener- 
 getically supported by all the Ultra- Liberal politicians. 
 To render this print intelligible, it may be necessary to 
 state that Pauli was the son of a respectable tailor, who had 
 procured for him an appointment in India. Pauli had 
 made himself master of the modern political history of 
 India, and having realised a moderate fortune, returned 
 home and obtained a seat in the House of Commons. He 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 287 
 
 then brought a series of charges against the Marquis of 
 Wellesley, preparatory to moving an impeachment of him. 
 In sustaining these he received some able support, and 
 among others from Windham. 
 
 Among the most prominent supporters of Pauli at this 
 election for Westminster were Col. Bosville, Sir Francis 
 Burdett and Cobbett. It is unnecessary to speak of the 
 two latter ; but Col. Bosville is not so generally known to 
 readers of the present day. Wm. Bosville, Esq. of Gun- 
 thwaite in Yorkshire, was a gentleman of large property. 
 He was a very eccentric character. He w r as uncle to Sir 
 John Sinclair, whose son, in the Life of his father, has 
 thus described him. “ My grand-uncle’s exterior con- 
 sisted of a single-breasted coat, powdered hair and queue, 
 and other paraphernalia of a courtier in the reign of 
 George II. ; but within this courtly garb was enclosed one 
 of the most ultra-liberal spirits of the time. He assembled 
 every day at his house in Welbeck Street a party of con- 
 genial souls, never exceeding the number of twelve ; not 
 receiving the important summons to dinner a single mo- 
 ment after five o’clock. A slate was kept in the hall, on 
 which any intimate friend might inscribe his name. 
 Among the persons thus privileged, I may mention, besides 
 family connections, Sir Francis Burdett, Horne Tooke, 
 
 ‘ Parson Este,’ Major James, Baron Dimsdale, Lord Ox- 
 ford and Mr. Clifford, the barrister of O. P. celebrity. 
 Among Mr. Bosville’s Liberal friends was the noted author 
 of the Political Register. While Cobbett was in Newgate, 
 my grand-uncle went in state, with four horses to his car- 
 riage, to visit the prisoner,* and afterwards presented him 
 with a thousand pounds in token of sympathy, as he 
 termed it, with the persecuted sufferer.” — (See Rev. John 
 Sinclair’s Life of Sir John Sinclair, vol. 1.) 
 
 * Baron Maseres, who was a Cursitor Baron of the Exchequer, always 
 visited Cobbett during his imprisonment, in full dress, with his Judge’s gown 
 and wig, lest he should be supposed to pay his visit secretly. 
 
 U 
 
288 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 No sooner did Sheridan appear on the hustings than he 
 was assailed by the most hideous yells and vollies of abuse ; 
 these he could have endured, and was no doubt prepared 
 to encounter. He had hoped by his playful wit, his sar- 
 casms and his jokes, to keep the mob in good humour ; 
 but there was one man in the crowd who fairly beat him, 
 and compelled him to retire. It was in vain that Sheridan 
 called him “ the broad-faced orator in the green coat,” 
 assailed him with the keenest wit, held him up to ridicule, 
 or denounced him as a hireling ruffian ; he was impene- 
 trable, and seemed rather invigorated by the attack and to 
 enjoy the fun. A comedy had lately appeared at Covent 
 Garden, in which a dandy rout was repeatedly quizzed by 
 a companion pointing to his clothes, and the ornaments oh 
 his person, and asking the annoying question, “Who 
 suffers ?” The man alluded to constantly played off this 
 artillery upon Sheridan. a Sheridan, I see you have got 
 a new coat ; who suffers ? Sheridan, who suffers for that 
 new hat ?” and in this strain he kept up an incessant 
 brawling. Sheridan, conscious of his pecuniary irregu- 
 larities, could not endure this public exposure before the 
 eminent Whigs by whom he was surrounded. He was 
 completely cowed, his proud spirit gave way, and it was 
 announced that he was taken ill, and his son, Tom Sheri- 
 dan, attended and spoke for him. He gained the election, 
 but the speeches at the hustings, and the pen of Cobbett, 
 had inflicted a wound, which rankled in his breast. He 
 felt 
 
 “ Pudet hac opprobria nobis, 
 Et dici potuisse, et non potuisse refelli.” 
 
 330. 
 
 A PLUMPER FOR PAULL ! OR, THE LITTLE 
 TAILOR DONE OVER. May 13th, 1807. 
 
 CLIFFORD. PAULL. SHERIDAN. SIR FRANCIS BURDETT. 
 BOSVILLE. HORNE TOOKE. COBBETT. 
 
 The Speaker has blown off the table Pauli’s “Petition 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 289 
 
 against Sheridan for Bribery and Corruption at the West- 
 minster Election,, and in its fall it overthrows Pauli, who 
 is lying on the floor ; his measure, his shears, and his 
 6( Impeachment of the Marquis of Wellesley/ 5 have dropped 
 from his hands. Clifford’s brief, “ Pauli versus Sheridan/ 5 
 the list of witnesses, “ Conkey Beau, Bill Soames, Drake, 
 and Hart the Informer, 55 lie scattered around. Burdett is 
 depicted as “ The Green Goose from Brentford. 55 Bosville 
 is holding up his hands in despair, the ce Expenses of the 
 Election 55 are seen in his pocket ; he is going out of the 
 House accompanied by Horne Tooke. Cobbett holds up 
 his cc Political Register/ 5 and points to the “ Attack upon 
 Sheridan. 55 
 
 331 . 
 
 PATRIOTS DECIDING A POINT OF HONOUR! 
 OR, AN EXACT REPRESENTATION OF THE 
 CELEBRATED RENCONTRE WHICH TOOK 
 PLACE AT COMBE WOOD, ON MAY 2nd, 1807, 
 BETWEEN LITTLE PAULL THE TAILOR, 
 AND SIR FRANCIS GOOSE. May 4th , 1807- 
 
 BELLENDEN KERR. SIR F. BURDETT. PAULL. COOPER. 
 
 Upon the duel between Burdett and Pauli, arising out of 
 the affairs of the disputed Westminster election. Sir 
 Francis Burdett, depicted as a goose, exclaims “ What, 
 must I be out ! and a tailor get into Parliament ! ! 55 
 
 You’re a liar! I never said that I would sit as Chair- 
 man at your shopboard ! ! ! 55 Pauli replies, “ A liar ! Sir, 
 I 5 m a tailor and a gentleman, and I must have satisfac- 
 tion ! 55 Burdett’s second, Mr. Bellenden Kerr, is stand- 
 ing behind him with a brace of pistols under his right arm ; 
 Cooper, Pauli’s second, looking very like Jemmy Jumps, 
 is standing behind Pauli with a brace of pistols under his 
 left arm. A post-chaise and four is at a little distance. 
 
 u 2 
 
290 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 The postillion has got up into a tree to witness the duel. 
 Pauli’s wounded leg is raised up, his shears and his mea- 
 sure are between his legs. On the ground in the front of 
 Pauli lie 44 Sir Francis Gooseys Letter to the Electors at the 
 Crown and Anchor/ 3 and 44 Mr. Pauli’s Advertisement.’ 3 
 By his side lie scattered 44 Cobbett’s Character of Pauli the 
 Tailor 44 Dangers of indulging Political Envy, by Sir 
 Francis Goose and a basket containing papers labelled 
 44 Westminster Election, Pauli. 33 
 
 When the King had dismissed the Grenville Ministry, 
 and formed another Administration under the Duke of 
 Portland, Perceval was induced to relinquish his profession, 
 and accept the Chancellorship of the Exchequer, upon 
 being appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster for 
 life. Resolutions were immediately moved and carried in 
 the House of Commons, declaring this appointment an 
 illegal encroachment on the rights of his Majesty’s suc- 
 cessor. The appointment was accordingly annulled, and a 
 new one made out, restricting the appointment to the 
 King’s life. The new Ministers, however, perceived that 
 their opponents would be too powerful in the House of 
 Commons, and resolved on a dissolution. They trusted 
 that 44 The Name of the King,” and the cry of 44 No 
 Popery” would be 44 Towers of Strength 3 ’ to them in the 
 new elections, and they did not miscalculate. The can- 
 didates for Westminster were Sir Samuel Hood, Sheridan 
 and Pauli. The latter was not dispirited by his recent 
 defeat ; he flattered himself he should be able to beat She- 
 ridan now, no longer supported by the Government inte- 
 rest. 
 
 Mr Pauli advertised a dinner to take place at the Crown 
 and Anchor tavern on the 1st of May, — Sir Francis Bur- 
 dett in the chair. A large meeting assembled, but the 
 Hon. Baronet did not attend; it was stated by Mr. Jones 
 Burdett that his brother, Sir Francis, had not given any 
 promise to preside, and was surprised to find his name 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 291 
 
 advertised without his sanction. Mr. Pauli explained to 
 the meeting that he might have misunderstood Sir Francis’s 
 meaning, who, though willing to propose him for West- 
 minster at the hustings, it seems had not understood that 
 he was to take the chair at this meeting. 
 
 Sir Francis Burdett, had addressed a letter to Mr. Pauli 
 on the 29th of April, stating that the advertisement had 
 excited his surprise and displeasure. “ I must say, to have 
 my name advertised for such meetings is like 4 Such a 
 day is to be seen the great Katterfelto,’ and this without 
 my previous consent, or application to me. From any one 
 else I should regard it as an insult. I yielded to your 
 desire that I should nominate you, although I should much 
 rather avoid even that ; but as I highly approve your con- 
 duct, I do not object to that one act, as a public testimony 
 of such approbation, but to that single point I must con- 
 fine myself.” After the receipt of this letter it was cer- 
 tainly disingenuous in Pauli not to substitute the name of 
 another person as chairman ; and the intervention of two 
 days allowed sufficient time for the purpose. When the 
 dinner-party broke up, Mr. Pauli waited on Sir Francis 
 Burdett ; a warm altercation ensued, and a hostile meet- 
 ing was arranged for 10 o’clock the next morning at 
 Combe Wood, near Wimbledon Common. Sir Francis 
 Burdett was attended by Mr. Bellenden Kerr* as his 
 second, and Mr. Pauli by a Mr. Cooper. Mr. Bellenden 
 Kerr advanced to Mr. Cooper, and told him that he had 
 applied to his friends at the Horse Guards, and to Mr. 
 Manton, but had not been able to procure proper pistols 
 on the sudden emergency, and he was fearful of exciting 
 suspicion by extending his inquiry. He therefore “ ex- 
 
 * Mr. Bellenden Kerr was one of the claimants of the Roxburghe Peerage. 
 He had changed his name, which had originally been Gawler. He was the 
 Captain Gawler of the Horse Guards, who had been dismissed from the army 
 in 1792, at the same time as Lord Edward Fitzgerald, for drinking seditious 
 toasts at a public meeting of the English at Paris, to celebrate the French 
 Revolution. 
 
292 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 pected that he would consent as well as Mr. Pauli, that we 
 should use one of theirs ; to this they both agreed. Mr. 
 Cooper told me that he did not know how to load the 
 pistols ; I shewed him how, and directed him to load Bur- 
 dettes, while I loaded Mr. Paulks. I then asked him what 
 distance he proposed for them to stand at ; he said he 
 knew nothing about the matter, and left it to me. I mea- 
 sured out twelve paces, and placed the principals at the 
 extreme of the space ; I then directed him to give Sir 
 Francis a pistol, and I presented another to Mr. Pauli.” 
 A case of pistols was discharged without effect. Mr. Bel- 
 lenden Kerr then advanced, and asked Mr. Pauli if he was 
 satisfied ; he replied, (e No, not without an apology.” The 
 pistols were loaded a second time, and Mr. Cooper was to 
 give the command to fire, hut he retreated to such a dis- 
 tance that Sir Francis called out he could not see him. 
 Mr. Bellenden Kerr then gave the command to fire ; Bur- 
 dett was wounded in the thigh, and Mr. Pauli in the top 
 of the leg. The wounded parties returned to town toge- 
 ther in Mr. Paulks postchaise. Mr. Kerr proposed to 
 Mr. Cooper to draw up conjointly and sign an official 
 statement of the duel. Mr. Cooper refused. Mr. Kerr 
 requested his address, this he also refused; he then 
 asked what was his situation in life ? this was also refused ; 
 and Mr. Kerr in his published statement says, “ I do not 
 know who or what he is to this day.” 
 
 332. 
 
 JOHN BULL AND THE SINKING FUND A 
 
 PETTY SCHEME FOR REDUCING THE 
 TAXES, AND PAYING OFF THE NATIONAL 
 DEBT ! February 29th , 1807- 
 
 LORD ERSKINE. DUKE OF NORFOLK. BYNG. LORD LAUDERDALE. 
 LORD MOIRA. SHERIDAN. WINDHAM. DUKE OF CLARENCE- 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 293 
 
 MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. LORD GRENVILLE. LORD TEMPLE. 
 
 LORD S1DMOUTH. LORD ELLENBOROUGH. LORD H. PETTY. 
 
 LORD LIVERPOOL. LORD CASTLEREAGH. CANNING. 
 
 John Bull is kneeling on the 44 Rock of Broad-Bottom’d 
 Security ; 5 ’ on his back is placed 44 The Sinking Fund ; i. e . 
 Taxations of 42 Millions per Annum, 55 and the Chancellor 
 of the Exchequer (Lord H. Petty) is standing upon it, 
 shovelling down guineas to his clamorous adherents. Lord 
 Grenville, the Marquis of Buckingham and Lord Temple 
 are endeavouring to catch some. The Duke of Norfolk 
 holds up a punch-bowl inscribed 44 The Majesty of the 
 People. 55 Lord Erskine holds up 44 The Chancellor’s 
 Purse. 55 Lord Moira raises his military hat, with the 
 Prince 5 s feathers stuck into it — the Duke of Clarence, the 
 44 Royal J ordan. 55 Sheridan, in a harlequin’s dress, holds 
 up his cap with his right hand, and his wand is behind him 
 in his left, &c. & c. John Bull exclaims, <4 Toss away! 
 Toss away, my good Boy ! Toss away ! Oh, how kind it 
 is to ease me of this terrible load ! 55 Lord Henry Petty 
 answers, ‘ 4 Patience, Johnny ! arn’t I tossing away as fast 
 as I can? Arn 5 t I reducing your taxes to 1 7s and 6d in the 
 pound? Why, you ought to think yourself quite com- 
 fortable and easy, Johnny!” On the other side is seen a 
 broken column overhung by a cypress tree ; on the pedes- 
 tal is inscribed, 44 Sacred to the Memory of Departed Great- 
 ness, 55 (Pitt). The ex- Ministers and their friends are 
 lamenting their unhappy fate, that none of the golden 
 shower descends upon them. Lord Castlereagh says, 
 44 A few scatterings this way would be very acceptable 
 indeed ! 55 Canning says, “ O the Petty cheat ! that Sink- 
 ing Fund was our invention, and not to have a snack of 
 it at last, oh ! oh !” Yansittart holds in his hands 44 Fi- 
 nance Resolutions,” and exclaims, 44 My Sinking Fund 
 would have cleared it off in half the time.” Lord Liver- 
 pool is despairingly holding up his hat. 
 
294 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 This print is intended as a satire upon the prodigality 
 with which the Broad-Bottom Ministers were accused of 
 rewarding their friends. 
 
 333. 
 
 ELECTION CANDIDATES; OR, THE REPUBLI- 
 CAN GOOSE AT THE TOP OF THE POLL. 
 
 May 20th, 1807* 
 
 WINDHAM. LORD TEMPLE. LORD HOWICK. LORD GRENVILLE. 
 
 SIR F. BURDETT. LORD COCHRANE. ELLIOT. SHERIDAN. 
 
 PAULL. HORNE TOOKE. 
 
 The candidates for Westminster in May, 1807, were Sir 
 Francis Burdett, Lord Cochrane, Sheridan, Pauli, and 
 Elliott the brewer of Pimlico. A pole is erected in the 
 centre of the hustings. The republican Goose (Burdett) 
 is pitchforked to the top of the pole (poll) by his friend 
 the Devil (represented by Horne Tooke). The Goose is 
 hissing at “ The Sun of the Constitution ;” f£ Conceit 55 and 
 “Vanity” are on his wings. On the Devil’s (Horne 
 Tooke’s) wings are inscribed “ Deceit” and “ Sedition;” 
 he has a clerical band under his chin. Lord Cochrane 
 holds the pole with one hand, and with the other flourishes 
 the cudgel of “ Reform. 55 In his pocket are “ Charges 
 against Lord St. Vincent ;” he has kicked down Elliot the 
 brewer, who stood on the Tory interest, but soon disco- 
 vered he had not the slightest chance of success. 
 “Quassia” is inscribed on his body; a beer-barrel, in- 
 scribed “ Elliott’s,” is falling with him and hides his head. 
 Sheridan, in a harlequin’s jacket, is vainly endeavouring to 
 climb up the pole, intimating he has lost the election. 
 Pauli is falling from the pole, his leg wounded in the late 
 duel is conspicuous ; his hat, his shears and a cabbage are 
 falling with him. Men bearing banners of “ Burdett and 
 Independence, 55 &c. are parading in front of the hustings. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 295 
 
 334 . 
 
 THE FALL OF ICARUS. April 27th , 1807- 
 
 MARQUIS OP BUCKINGHAM. LORD TEMPLE. 
 
 Earl Temple was Joint-Paymaster of the Forces during 
 the Fox and Grenville Ministry, and occupied the official 
 residence at Whitehall. He had the arrogance to place a 
 brass plate, engraved te Earl Temple/’ on the door, as if it 
 were his own private house, — a circumstance unprece- 
 dented. On the dissolution of the Ministry it was uni- 
 versally reported that, on quitting office he had carried 
 away a very large quantity of stationery ; this drew down 
 upon him severe animadversions in the public newspapers, 
 and it was even said, at one time, it would be noticed in 
 the House of Commons. 
 
 This print represents the official house of the Paymaster 
 of the Forces at Whitehall. A cart, with Stationery 
 Office” painted upon it is standing before the door ; Lord 
 Templets black servant is handing quills, wax, and writing 
 paper to the carter. Lord Temple, depicted as Icarus, has 
 already made himself wings, and cemented them with the 
 official wax ; he has mounted into the air ; but the sun, 
 represented by the head of George III. shines so intensely 
 upon the modern Icarus, that his wings melt, and he is 
 falling upon the “ stake” taken <6 out of the public hedge.”* 
 The Marquis of Buckingham, as Daedalus, has already taken 
 flight upwards : “Tellership of the Exchequer” is marked on 
 his wings ; he is endeavouring to shelter himself in a cloud, 
 to avoid the burning influence of the sun. Under the 
 print is a poetical inscription ; the last stanza runs thus : — 
 
 “ With plumes and wax, and such like things, 
 
 In quantities not small, 
 
 He tries to make a pair of wings 
 To ease his sudden fall !” 
 
 * See page 210. 
 
296 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 335. 
 
 A KICK AT THE BROAD BOTTOMS, i. EMAN- 
 CIPATION OF “ ALL THE TALENTS.” 
 
 March 23rd, 1807. 
 
 GEORGE III. LORD GRENVILLE. MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 LORD HOWICK. LORD H. PETTY. LORD ELLENBOROUGH. 
 
 WINDHAM. LORD MOIRA. LORD TEMPLE. LORD SIDMOUTH. 
 
 SHERIDAN. LORD ERSKINE. WHITBREAD. LORD LAUDERDALE. 
 
 The enraged King exclaims, <c What ! what ! bring in 
 the Papists ! O you cunning Jesuits, you ! What, you 
 thought I was like little Boney, and would turn Turk or 
 anything ! but if you have no faith or conscience, I have ! 
 ay, and a little Protestant spunk too ! so, out with you all ! 
 out, with all your Broad-Bottom’d Popish plots ! Out with 
 you ! — out ! out ! out !” The King, holding his sceptre in 
 his right hand, is aiming a blow at Lord Grenville ; he has 
 seized his hair with his left, his foot is placed on that part 
 of Lord Grenville, which is usually denominated the seat 
 of honour. In Lord Grenville’s left hand is the “ Catholic 
 Bill, for bringing the Papists into power, and supporting 
 the Broad-Bottom Jesuits in their places.” Lord Howick 
 holds in his left hand the “ Bill for securing the Papists in 
 commanding of the Army and the Navy, and all the Public 
 Offices.” The position of his right hand shews that he has 
 already received a kick similar to that given to his colleague. 
 The position of Lord Temple’s hand behind him testifies 
 a similar castigation. Lord Ellenborough’s hand indicates 
 a soreness in the same part. The Marquis of Buckingham 
 and Windham are astonished. Lord Moira and Lord 
 Lauderdale stand aghast. Lord Sidmouth and Sheridan 
 are endeavouring to escape out at the door. Lord Henry 
 Petty, in his Exchequer robe, and Lord Erskine, in the 
 costume of Chancellor, with the purse by his side, are lay- 
 ing prostrate on the floor. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 297 
 
 On the 5th of March, Lord Howick moved for leave to 
 bring in a Bill for securing to all his Majesty’s subjects 
 the privilege of serving in the army and navy upon taking 
 an oath prescribed by Act of Parliament, and leaving to 
 them the exercise of their religion. A strange anomaly 
 existed in the law at that time. By an Act of the Parlia- 
 ment of Ireland, passed in 1793, Roman Catholics in that 
 country were enabled to hold commissions in the army, 
 and attain to any rank, except that of Commander-in- 
 Chief, Master- General of the Ordnance, or General on the 
 Staff. By the Act of Union the army raised in Ireland 
 was liable to serve in England ; yet the instant a regiment 
 landed in England, its Catholic officers were disqualified 
 by law to remain in the service, and would only have the 
 alternative of remaining in the service contrary to law, and 
 subject to penalties, or to relinquish the military profession. 
 The Bill introduced was intended to remove this anomaly. 
 It had been submitted to the King, who at first objected 
 to it, but on the clause in the Act of Union being pointed 
 out to him, he gave a reluctant assent. Perceval opposed 
 the introduction of the Bill, he did not deny the advantage 
 or even the justice of assimilating the laws of the two 
 countries, but contended that the Catholics had not expe- 
 rienced any annoyance from the enforcement of the penal- 
 ties, and he doubted whether they could be inflicted since 
 the Union ; he therefore regarded this measure as a pre- 
 liminary to ulterior and more extensive concessions. 
 
 A cry of “ No Popery’’ was immediately raised. On 
 the 11th of March Lord Sidmouth tendered his resigna- 
 tion in a letter to Lord Grenville. “ My opinion of the 
 Bill respecting Roman Catholics, and the communications 
 now going on with Mr. Canning for the purpose of con- 
 necting him with the Government, separately afford suffi- 
 cient ground for this conviction, and when taken together, 
 admit of no alternative.’’* On the same day he made an over - 
 * See Pellew’s Life of Lord Sidmouth, vol. ii. p. 461. 
 
298 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 ture to Perceval for a communication on the best means of 
 defeating the Catholic Bill, and a meeting between them 
 was fixed for the 13th. The King had informed his 
 Ministers on the 11th, that he found the Bill went further 
 than he had originally understood, and that to such a mea- 
 sure he never could consent. On the 12th, the Duke of 
 Portland addressed a private letter to the King, enforcing 
 the danger of making the required concession to the Catho- 
 lics. The letter is most artfully drawn up ; the Duke was 
 stimulated to the step, and assisted in the composition of 
 the letter, by Lord Malmesbury, who was constantly en- 
 gaged in political intrigues. In the course of the letter, 
 the Duke says, “ But should any peculiarity of circum- 
 stances have induced your Majesty to acquiesce in it, I 
 should still think that by following the dictates of my own 
 conscience, and voting against it, I should not offend your 
 Majesty.” Should the King feel a repugnance to the mea- 
 sure, the Duke says, “ I must fairly state to your Majesty, 
 that your wishes must be distinctly known,* and that your 
 present Ministers should not have any pretext for equivo- 
 cating on the subject, or any ground whatever to pretend 
 ignorance of your Majesty’s sentiments and determination, 
 not only to withhold your sanction from the present mea- 
 sure, but to use all your influence in resisting it.” Should 
 the Ministers persist in attempting to pass the Bill, the 
 Duke kindly assures the King “ that persons will be found 
 able to carry on your Majesty’s business with talents and 
 abilities equal to your present Ministers.”*]" 
 
 In the interim Lord Howick had withdrawn the Bill, 
 and the King had commanded Lord Sidmouth to withdraw 
 his resignation ; he did so, and consequently declined the 
 
 * In 1784 r the Duke of Portland had severely censured Earl Temple's 
 shewing a letter of the King, expressing his aversion to Fox’s India Bill, and 
 the House of Commons passed resolutions declaring it to be unconstitutional. 
 Lord Temple was obliged to resign in consequence. 
 
 t See Lord Malmesbury’s Diary. Vol. iv. p. 367. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 299 
 
 interview with Perceval. The Ministerial difficulties seemed 
 removed for the present ; but they held a Cabinet Council* 
 and resolved to present a Memorial to the King, stating 
 that they reserved to themselves the right of tendering 
 advice to his Majesty on this subject, whenever they might 
 think proper. It is remarkable that neither the Chancellor 
 Lord Erskine, Lord Sidmouth, nor Lord Ellenborough, 
 were summoned to this Council. The King considered 
 this declaration a gratuitous annoyance, and now required 
 a written pledge that they would not at any time address 
 him again on this subject ; this pledge they respectfully 
 declined, affirming it was contrary to law. They were 
 bound by their oaths to tender advice to his Majesty on all 
 subjects they might esteem essential to the interests of the 
 Crown and the country. The King next day informed 
 Lord Howick that u He must look out for new 
 Ministers.” 
 
 The Lord Chancellor had an interview with the King 
 upon the Recorder’s Report ; the conference upon that 
 subject being ended. Lord Erskine told the King cf that 
 he was sensible that when he first entered into his Majesty’s 
 service, his Majesty had entertained a prejudice against 
 him, that he was quite satisfied that this prejudice was now 
 removed; — that upon the measure which had been the 
 original cause of the present state of things, he thought, 
 both religiously and morally, exactly as his Majesty him- 
 self did, but that it would be unconstitutional for his 
 Ministers to sign the required pledge, — it might subject 
 them to impeachment — that the Catholics would desire 
 nothing more than to have a Ministry, who were supported 
 by ‘ all the talents’ and weight of property in the country, 
 go out upon such a measure ; and that if he proceeded 
 with his resolution, he would never know another hour of 
 comfort or tranquillity.” The King listened with great 
 attention, and seemed greatly agitated ; he replied, “ My 
 Lord, you are a very honest man, and I am very much 
 
300 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 obliged to you.” Lord Erskine flattered himself he had 
 made a favourable impression upon the King; but his 
 resolution was already taken. 
 
 The King commanded the attendance of Lord Hawkes- 
 bury and Lord Eldon at Windsor. He sent them, with a 
 carte blanche , to the Duke of Portland, to form an Ad- 
 ministration. Great agitation now prevailed in the political 
 world. The Duke of Portland met with several refusals 
 to his offers of office and a seat in the Cabinet. An 
 impression prevailed that he could not form a Ministry of 
 sufficient strength and ability to resist the influence of the 
 ex- Ministers in Parliament. The Marquis of Wellesley, 
 after deliberation, declined the Foreign Office. Mr.Yorke 
 declined from apprehension of the weakness of the new 
 Ministers. Lord LowthePs Parliamentary interest was 
 secured. “ He declined taking office, but confessed the 
 Garter in due time would gratify him” The Duke of 
 Portland agreed to this, and mentioned it to the King, who 
 said he should be the first promoted in the Peerage, # and 
 then the Garter might follow with propriety.” — Lord 
 Malmesbury’s Diary, Vol. iv. p. 379. 
 
 The Administration was at length formed. A great 
 accession of strength was gained in the person of Mr. 
 Canning, a consummate debater, who had been on the 
 point of joining the late Cabinet. He accepted the Foreign 
 Office. 6i Canning,” says Lord Malmesbury, “ spoke as 
 if the choice of Cabinet places was to be at his refusal, 
 and declared, with a threat, that he never would sit in the 
 same Cabinet with Addington.” — Lord Malmesbury^s 
 Diary, vol. iv. p. 367- 
 
 The following extract of a letter from Lord Eldon to Sir 
 William Scott furnishes a curious picture of what was pass- 
 ing — tc March 31, 1807 — I am most seriously hurt that 
 Lord Sidmouth is not among us. My earnest wish and 
 entreaty has been that he should, and many others have 
 
 * He was created Earl of Lonsdale, and had the Garter. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 301 
 
 wished it; but it has been urged by some that at this mo- 
 ment it cannot be ; that not an individual connected with 
 Lord Melville could join or support ; if it was so, that a 
 large part of Mr. Pitt’s friends would secede ; that among 
 Lord Grenville’s majority there are persons not adverse, 
 and likely enough to be friendly, who are so desperately 
 angry with Lord S., that with him in the Administration, 
 they would be against it to a man ; that Canning declines 
 office if Lord S. was to have office now% but would not 
 object a few months hence ; and all the Pittites who talk 
 to me hold themselves bound by their view of past trans- 
 actions not to desert Canning in a question between him 
 and Lord S. The language which these two have held 
 respecting each other has done infinite mischief. In short 
 it is a sickening scene that is passing. I take the Great 
 Seal to-morrow .” — (See Ticks’ s Life of Lord Eldon , Vol. 
 2, p. 30.) 
 
 We shall close this article with an account of the re- 
 markable contrast made by the King between the conduct 
 of Mr. Fox and that of one of his colleagues, as stated in 
 conversation with Lord Eldon : — “ Each change of Admi- 
 nistration since 1801, had been unpleasing to the King; 
 but upon further acquaintance his prejudice against Mr. 
 Fox became much abated. Some time after the dissolution 
 of the Whig Ministry the King said, 44 It was but just to 
 acknowledge that Mr. Fox, though certainly forced upon 
 him, had never presumed upon that circumstance to treat 
 his Sovereign like a person in his power, but had always 
 conducted himself frankly, yet respectfully, as it became a 
 subject to behave. His manner, the King was wont to say, 
 contrasted remarkably with that of another of the Whig 
 Ministers, who, when he came into office, walked up to me 
 in the way I should have expected from Buonaparte after 
 the battle of Austerlitz.” — (Twiss’s Life of Lord Eldon , 
 Vol. 1. p. 510.) 
 
302 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 336. 
 
 POLITICAL MATHEMATICIANS SHAKING THE 
 BROAD-BOTTOMED HEMISPHERES. 
 
 January 9 th, 1807- 
 
 LORD HAWKESBURY. LORD CASTLEREAGH. WINDHAM. TIERNEY. 
 BYNG. GHOST OF FOX. LORD ERSKINE. LORD H. PETTY. LORD 
 TEMPLE. MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. LORD MOIRA. LORD 
 GRENVILLE. LORD SIDMOUTH. LORD ELLENBOROUGH. LORD 
 LAUDERDALE. LORD HOWICK. SHERIDAN. PAULL. COBBETT. 
 NAPOLEON. SIR F. BURDETT. HORNE TOOKE. 
 
 Gillray thus dedicates this print 44 To that last Hope of 
 the Country — the New Opposition, this Representation of 
 Charley’s Old Breeches in Danger is respectfully 
 dedicated.” The Broad-Bottomed Ministers are comforta- 
 bly seated in the Old Breeches of their late popular leader* 
 44 the Man of the People ;” they are revelling on the loaves 
 and fishes furnished by the Exchequer and Treasury. A 
 dog with 44 Tierney” engraved on his collar is endeavouring 
 to climb up into Fox’s nether garment. The Prince of 
 Wales’s feathers indicate the support he gave to the Whig 
 Ministers. Bats are gnawing them away. Pauli, seated 
 on 44 the Rock of Independence,” is cutting asunder 44 the 
 Broad-Bottom Measure” with his shears ; he is 44 the 
 Fulcrum of the Constitution” on which a lever is placed 
 to remove the Cabinet incubus, which presses so heavily 
 on the nation. Cobbett, Burdett and Horne Tooke are 
 pulling at the end of the lever with all their force. By 
 their side are a 44 New Planetary System,” 44 Scheme for a 
 New Patriotic Administration,” “New Scale of Justice,” 
 44 No Taxation,” 44 No Bastille,” 44 Political Register,” &c. 
 On the other side, Lord Hawkesbury, Lord Castlereagh, 
 Canning, &c. are pulling with might and main to overthrow 
 the Cabinet incubus. Buonaparte, looking from an emi- 
 nence, through a telescope, says, 44 Oh ! by Gar! if I could 
 but once put my foot upon the lever, I’d give their Broad- 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 303 
 
 Bottoms a shake with a vengeance ! ! ! The head of Fox 
 is looking out of his grave, exclaiming, “ O, save my 
 breeches, heaven !”* On his monument we read, “ Hie 
 jacet pater Bro ad-Bottomos, he lent his raiment to 
 cover the needy, and hide his enemies from shame ; he went 
 naked to the grave.” Britannia is weeping over a broken 
 statue of Pitt; on the pedestal is inscribed “ The Pilot 
 that weathered the storm.” 
 
 337. 
 
 THE PIGS POSSESSED; OR, THE BROAD- 
 BOTTOMED LITTER RUNNING HEADLONG 
 INTO THE SEA OF PERDITION. 
 
 April 18 th 9 1807. 
 
 GEORGE III. SHERIDAN. LORD SIDMOUTH. LORD ELLENBOROUGH. 
 LORD HOW1CK. WINDHAM. LORD HOLLAND. LORD WALPOLE. 
 LORD CARLISLE. LORD ST. VINCENT. LORD TEMPLE. LORD 
 GRENVILLE. LORD DERBY. MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. 
 TIERNEY. COURTNEY. LORD ERSKINE. LORD LAUDERDALE. 
 LORD II. PETTY. EARL SPENCER. LORD MOIRA. DUKE OF 
 BEDFORD. WHITBREAD. 
 
 Parodies upon Scriptures in caricatures or other compo- 
 sitions are, to say the least, best avoided. With this reser- 
 vation the conception of this print must be pronounced 
 extremely felicitous. The enraged Royal Farmer is about 
 to attack the possessed pigs with his uplifted pitchfork, he 
 exclaims, “ O, you cursed ungrateful grunters ! what, after 
 having devoured more in a twelvemonth than the good Old 
 Litter did in twelve years, you turn round to kick and bite 
 your old master ! but if the devil or the Pope has got pos- 
 session of you all, pray get out of my farm-yard ! Out 
 with you all — no hangers behind ! You’re all of a cursed 
 bad breed ; so out with you altogether ! !” The Farmer is 
 
 * A parody on the dying words ascribed to Pitt, “ Oh, save my country, 
 heaven V* 
 
 X 
 
304 
 
 GILLRAY S CARICATURES. 
 
 kicking Sheridan. The pigs are running headlong into the 
 sea. The herd consists of Lord Sidmouth, Lord Ellenbo- 
 rough, Courtney,* Lord Derby, Lord Moira, Lord Lauder- 
 dale ; Duke of Bedford, late Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 
 is squeaking “ Erin go bragh;” Whitbread has run his head 
 into a porter butt, labelled “Whitbread’s entire;” the 
 Marquis of Buckingham is following in the rear of Lord 
 Grenville ; Lord Temple is the “ Last Stake of the Broad- 
 Bottomed Family ;” Lord Howick has fallen down, and is 
 laying on his back upon the “ Repeal of the Test Act ;” 
 Lord Grenville has one foot upon “ Emancipation of the 
 Catholic Army and Navy,” and the other foot on the 
 u Catholic Bill,” he is plunging into the sea. 
 
 338. 
 
 THE NEW DYNASTY; OR, THE LITTLE COR- 
 SICAN GARDENER PLANTING A ROYAL 
 PIPPIN TREE. June 2 5th, 1807- 
 
 COBBETT. SIB F. BURDETT. HORNE TOOKE. LORD MOIRA. 
 NAPOLEON. TALLEYRAND. LORD GRENVILLE. MARQUIS OF 
 BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 Gillray has combined a double satire in this print, one 
 on the late Ministers for the introduction of the “ Catholic 
 Bill,” and the other on the king-making proceedings of 
 Napoleon. On the right of the spectator is the u Royal 
 Oak.” On its top is placed a crown in honour of its hav- 
 ing sheltered Charles II. ; it now bears the goodly-fruit of 
 66 Protestant Faith,” “ Integrity of the Lords,” “ Indepen- 
 dence of the Commons,” and “ Liberty of the Press.” 
 Lord Howick with the “ Whig Cleaver,” the Marquis of 
 Buckingham with a “ Broad-Bottom Hatchet,” and Lord 
 
 * Courtney is placed between Lord Ellenborough and Lord Sidmouth. 
 The face presents a striking resemblance of this most intimate friend of Fox, 
 who was a frequent visitor at St. Anne’s Hill. It is said to be the only por- 
 trait of him. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 305 
 
 Grenville with a cc Catholic Cleaver/ 5 are labouring to fell 
 the venerable tree, that is, the British Constitution. Lord 
 Grenville has a crucifix hanging down his back, indicative 
 of the favours he had proposed to bestow on the Roman 
 Catholics. 
 
 On the left is Napoleon preparing to plant the “ Royal 
 Pippin” Tree. Talleyrand has already dug a hole of suffi- 
 cient circumference to receive it ; in his coat-pocket is 
 seen “ projet pour aggrandiser les Jar dins Imperials. 55 
 “ William the Norman Robber 55 forms the root of the tree. 
 The branches bear memorials of “ Crooked-backed Richard 
 killed at Bosworth ; Edmund, the fourth son of Edward 
 III., 55 and other unfortunates. A crowned head of Lord 
 Moira is placed on the top of the Royal Pippin Tree, inti- 
 mating that he claimed to be descended from the Irish 
 royal race of Ballynahinch. Buonaparte’s sword has in- 
 scribed on it “ Corsican Grafting Knife. 55 Behind him are 
 his newly-grafted Royal Pippin Trees in Holland, Saxony, 
 and Wirtemberg, &c. On the ground are ee Grafts of 
 King Pippins for Brentford, Wimbledon, and Botley. 55 
 The heads of Horne Tooke, Cobbett, and Burdett are 
 crowned. 
 
 339. 
 
 CHARON’S BOAT; OR, THE GHOSTS OF ALL 
 THE TALENTS TAKING THEIR LAST VOY- 
 AGE, FROM THE POPE’S GALLERY AT ROME. 
 
 July , 1807. 
 
 LORD CASTLEREAGH. CANNING. LORD HAWKESBURY. LORD 
 MOIRA. LORD H. PETTY. LORD ERSKINE. LORD HOW1CK. 
 WHITBREAD. LORD TEMPLE. SHERIDAN. MARQUIS OE 
 BUCKINGHAM. WINDHAM. LORD SIDMOUTH. LORD GRENVILLE. 
 LORt) LAUDERDALE. BISHOP OF LINCOLN (PRETYMAN). HORNE 
 TOOKE. SIR F. BURDETT. LORD ST. VINCENT. 
 
 The Broad-Bottom Packet is conveying the late Cabinet 
 and some of its supporters across the river Styx. Charon 
 
 x 2 
 
306 
 
 gillray's caricatures. 
 
 is personated by Lord Howick, who is rowing, — the “ Whig 
 Club” is his oar. He exclaims, “ Better to Reign in Hell 
 than serve in Heaven.” Earl St. Vincent is steersman, he 
 calls out, “ Avast ! Trim the Boat ! or these damn’d 
 Broad- Bottom Lubbers will overset us all.” Lord Henry 
 Petty is playing on a lyre, he has his foot on the dance, 
 44 Go to the devil and shake yourselves.” Lord Erskine is 
 exhibiting the effects of the 44 Catholic Emetic.” Whitbread 
 holds 44 Wesley’s Hymns in one hand, and a Pot of Whit- 
 bread’s Entire” in the other. Lord Moira’s eyes are raised 
 to heaven, he is kissing a crucifix held in his right hand, 
 his left grasps the mast, which is surmounted by the 
 feathers of his patron, the Prince of Wales, under them is 
 44 Fitz — Ich Dien.” Windham holds in his hand a 44 Scheme 
 for drilling Imps in Hell.” The Bishop of Lincoln has 
 44 Unction” on his mitre ; he holds in his clasped hands 
 44 Pitt Endowments,” and 44 Whig Endowments,” intimat- 
 ing that he obtained as much as he possibly could from 
 both the Pitt and Whig Administrations. Lord Lauder- 
 dale is in agonies, but exclaims, 44 Vive Brissot.” Sheridan 
 is suffering from the same effects as Lord Erskine. The 
 Marquis of Buckingham holds a cup in his hand, and en- 
 deavours to cheer up Lord Grenville, 44 Courage, Brother ! 
 take Extreme Unction and don’t despair.” The Broad- 
 Bottom 44 Ballast from Stowe,” with a crucifix upon it, is 
 the only discernable part of Lord Grenville. Lord Temple 
 has dropped overboard 44 Pay Office Stationery,” and a 
 44 List of Places, Pensions, and Sinecures.” Lord Sid- 
 mouth has fallen overboard into the Styx. The floating 
 Wig-Box, inscribed, “Lord Double-Bottom, his Wig-Box, 
 King's Bench,” has evidently belonged to Lord Ellenbo- 
 rough. The 44 Morning Chronicle” and 44 Oracle” are float- 
 ing in the water, and a flag flying on the packet is inscribed 
 “ Templa quam dilecta,’’ the family motto of the Gren- 
 ville family. 44 Catholic Emancipation” is on the sail. On 
 the right hand top of this print, Cobbett, transformed into 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 307 
 
 a bird, is blowing letters from his Political Register into 
 the packet. The Morning Post bird is conveying Pro- 
 testant Letters” into it. A monster bird, compounded of 
 Burdett and Horne Tooke, is emitting “ Damnable truths” 
 among the crew. On the left of the print at the top are 
 three witches riding in the air on their brooms, they repre- 
 sent the three fatal sisters or Parcae. Canning as Lache- 
 sis, holds the thread of the late Administration, and Cas- 
 tlereagh, as Atropos, has cut it asunder. Lord Hawkes- 
 bury, as Clotho,* holds the distaff because he has spun 
 the thread of the new Administration. 
 
 On the opposite side of the Styx are seen departed 
 spirits. Fox is placed between Cromwell and Robespierre. 
 Fox holds up a branch, and cries out, “ Welcome to 
 Charley.” Robespierre holds his decapitated head in his 
 hand, and welcomes the boat’s crew. Colonel Despard and 
 Quigley are recognised by the halters round their necks, 
 they welcome the new arrival. Cerberus is barking at the 
 Packet’s Crew. 
 
 340. 
 
 PHAETON ALARMED ! March 22nd, 1808. 
 
 PITT. CANNING. LORD H. PETTY. WHITBREAD. WINDHAM. 
 
 LORD SIDMOUTH. LORD ERSKINE. LORD LIVERPOOL. LORD 
 
 ST. VINCENT. PERCEVAL. LORD CASTLEREAGH. LORD ELDON. 
 
 LORD ELLENBOROUGII. SHERIDAN. LORD GREY. LORD 
 
 LAUDERDALE. LORD GRENVILLE. EOX. LORD MOIRA. 
 
 LORD TEMPLE. LORD CARLISLE. TTERNEY. BUONAPARTE. 
 
 This is one of Gillray’s finest allegorical conceptions, 
 ec The Sun of Anti-Jacobinism,” Canning, who had 
 been active in the overthrow of the old Ministry, and in 
 forming the new, is the adventurous Phaeton of the poli- 
 tical heaven, he is startled at the monstrous constellations 
 
 Clotho colum retinet, Lachesis net, et Atropos occat. 
 
308 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 who threaten his progress on all sides. The chariot of the 
 new sun is drawn by steeds in which we recognise the 
 features of Liverpool, Perceval, Castlereagh, and Eldon. 
 
 Copenhagen” and ££ Libra Britannicus 55 are attached to 
 the chariot wheels. Leo Britannicus is making a spring 
 at the presumptuous charioteer. Among the threatening 
 stars is Python, Lord Howick; Wilberforce is Aquila;* 
 Lord Lauderdale enacts Pisces ; Whitbread as Aquarius, is 
 hurling a 66 Barrel of Small Beer 55 at him. Lord Sid- 
 mouth, a newly created star Ci Sangradarius , 55 is squirt- 
 ing at him. Erskine, as Astreea, is endeavouring to ex- 
 tinguish the Political Phaeton. Lord Ellenborough is 
 aiming a blow with his “ Herculean Club . 55 The raging 
 Bull is snorting Fire : a collar with 61 Erin go brach 55 is 
 round his neck, beads and a crucifix are attached to it, and 
 a Porridge Pot containing u Emancipation 55 is fastened to 
 his tail. Windham is Sagittarius. — Earl St. Vincent is 
 <c Cancer. 5 ’ — Sheridan enacts the drunken Silenus mounted 
 on an ass, with a bottle of “ Port 55 in each hand. Lord 
 Grenville is Scorpio, — the Whig chiefs are in his claws. 
 Buonaparte, mounted on the Russian Bear, is “ Ursa 
 Major . 55 Neptune, with his trident in his hand, is look- 
 ing out of the sea, horror-struck at the general conflagra- 
 tion. The ghosts of Pitt and Fox, as Apollo and Pluto, 
 are surveying from the shades below, the spreading flames, 
 which menace the destruction of heaven and earth. It is 
 a very remarkable circumstance that Canning concluded 
 one of his earliest Poetical Exercises at Eton with an 
 ardent desire, 
 
 “ To live in a blaze, and in a blaze expire.” 
 
 This print seems to exhibit a consummation of his 
 wish. 
 
 * Aquila was a tribune of the people, who refused to rise when Csesar’s 
 procession passed. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 309 
 
 341. 
 
 DELICIOUS DREAMS ! CASTLES IN THE 
 AIR ! GLORIOUS PROSPECTS ! 
 
 April 10 th 3 1808. 
 
 CASTLEREAGH. PERCEVAL. DUKE OF PORTLAND. HAWKES- 
 BURY. CANNING. LORD MULGRAVE. 
 
 The new Prime Minister, the Duke of Portland, is re- 
 galing some of his Cabinet Colleagues. A Bowl of 
 Punch, tc Madeira,” “ Port,” &c. are on the table. The 
 Ministers, experiencing the effects of copious libations, 
 have all fallen asleep. They are dreaming of the splendid 
 achievements they meditate. A Crutch is placed by the 
 Duke of Portland’s Chair,* intimating that he is an old 
 and worn-out Statesman. Lord Hawkesbury’s hands are 
 clasped, he appears to be uttering pious aspirations for 
 the success of our arms. Canning, Secretary for Foreign 
 Affairs, has in his pocket “ Secret Correspondence from 
 Copenhagen,” intimating that the Copenhagen Expedition 
 originated with him. Perceval is resting his head on one 
 hand, and holds a tumbler of punch in the other. A 
 tumbler of punch has fallen from the hand of the slumbering 
 Castlereagh, and the contents are running over his clothes ; 
 a copy of an intended speech, “nine hours and a half 
 long,” detailing the military establishments for “The 
 Defence of the Country,” has fallen out of his pocket. 
 Behind him a Cat holds in her paws an “ air by Catalani.” 
 We suspect, however, that the insinuation is intended to be 
 applied to the Duke of Portland, who was fond of music 
 and singing ; and had formerly had the credit of a liaison 
 
 * The Marquis of Tichfield was extremely averse to his father’s accepting 
 the Treasury. He feared the mental and bodily fatigue would be too great 
 for his advanced age, and debilitated constitution. He represented this to the 
 Duke, and also to Lord Malmesbury, who, we know, was urging the Duke 
 to accept the Premiership. 
 
310 
 
 GILLRAy’s CARICATURES. 
 
 with Mrs. Billington. Lord Mulgrave, First Lord of the 
 Admiralty, overpowered by wine, is laying under the table. 
 Rats are feasting on “the Loaves and Fishes of the Trea- 
 sury.” 
 
 In the upper part of the print we perceive the 
 visions which are floating in the excited minds of the 
 Ministers. ec Britannia Triumphant” is seated in a car, 
 Buonaparte and the Russian Bear are chained to the 
 wheels. Sailors, supposed to have captured the Danish 
 Fleet, are hurrahing, and singing “ Britannia rules the 
 World.” 
 
 342. 
 
 PILLARS OF THE CONSTITUTION. THREE 
 O’CLOCK AND A CLOUDY MORNING. 
 
 Feb. 1 st 9 1809. 
 
 SHERIDAN. DUKE OF NORFOLK. 
 
 The Duke of Norfolk and Sheridan, having finished 
 their libations, are reeling out of Brookses. A sign post 
 is inscribed “ To Parliament Street.” The Duke of Nor- 
 folk is stammering out, “ And now for the Majesty of the 
 People.” A bottle of “ Port” is in his pocket. Sheridan 
 staggering, calls out, “ And now have at the Ministry, 
 damme.” In his pocket are seen “ Motions to badger 
 the Ministry.” 
 
 The Statesmen of former times too frequently celebrated 
 the orgies of Bacchus. 4 4 The Duke of Montrose, who 
 entered Pitt’s Cabinet in 1784, and again in 1804, used to 
 say that c Any one Member of the former Cabinet drank 
 more wine, than the whole collected individuals did, twenty 
 years later.’ ”* 
 
 * SeeWraxall’s Memoirs, vol. iv. p. 441. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 311 
 
 343. 
 
 BRITISH TARS TOWING THE DANISH FLEET 
 INTO HARBOUR ; the Broad-Bottom Leviathan 
 trying Billy’s Old Boat, and the little Corsican tottering 
 on the Clouds of Ambition. 
 
 CANNING. LORD LIVERPOOL. LORD CASTLEREAGH. LORD 
 HOWICK. LORD GRENVILLE. 
 
 Lord Liverpool and Lord Castlereagh are rowing xc The 
 Billy Pitt;” Canning seated at the prow is towing the 
 Danish fleet into the harbour of Sheerness. Lord 
 Howick is uttering ‘ c Detraction” on the Expedition. 
 Earl St. Vincent is filled with tf£ Envy,” and Lord Gren- 
 ville is raising an ^ Opposition Clamour” against it. The 
 sign of the 6( Good Old Royal George” hangs out on a 
 public-house in £s Sheerness Harbour/’ John Bull is 
 seated before the door with a pot of Porter in his left 
 hand, he is waving his hat with his right, and vociferat- 
 ing Rule Britannia, Britannia rules the Waves !” 
 Buonaparte is seen in the clouds, horror-struck at the loss 
 of the Danish fleet ; his “ projet pour subjuguer la Mer” 
 has dropped from his hand. 
 
 Buonaparte, not content with issuing the Berlin and 
 Milan Decrees against the commerce of England, now me- 
 ditated a more deadly blow. By a secret article of the 
 treaty of Tilsit, it was stipulated that, the Emperor of 
 Russia should assist Napoleon in organising a Naval Con- 
 federation of the Northern Powers under the specious 
 name and pretext of te The Armed Neutrality,” to 
 protect the maritime rights of Neutrals, but in reality to 
 compel England to accept the terms of peace, which might 
 be dictated to her. Denmark had evinced great reluctance 
 to become a party. But Btionaparte, after rebuking the 
 deputies from Hamburgh, who had presented a petition to 
 him, humbly representing that the execution of the Decrees 
 
312 
 
 GILLRAY^S CARICATURES. 
 
 in Hamburgh would be the total ruin of their city, took 
 occasion to allude to the Crown Prince of Denmark , 66 Let 
 that Little Prince take care of Himself.”* It 
 was known that Napoleon did not utter vain threats 
 against weak States. The English Government had 
 obtained intelligence, on which they placed implicit re- 
 liance, that a large accumulation of Naval stores was col- 
 lected at Copenhagen, and that the Danish fleet was to 
 convey it to Brest, and the fleet itself be placed at the 
 disposal of the French Government. Mr. Jackson was 
 therefore dispatched to Copenhagen to require the sur- 
 render of the Danish fleet to Great Britain during the war ; 
 as the Danish Government could not protect itself against 
 the intended use of the fleet for the hostile purposes of 
 France against England. 
 
 The terms originally offered by Mr. Jackson, and re- 
 peated by Admiral Gambier on the 2nd of September, 
 1807, were, “ That the Danish fleet should be held in 
 deposit, under the most solemn stipulation that it should 
 be restored at the conclusion of the war, with all its equip- 
 ments, in as good a state as it may be received.” The 
 Danes rejected the proposition, and the English fleet 
 bombarded Copenhagen, which was compelled to capitu- 
 late on the 8th of September. The British Admiral im- 
 mediately began rigging and fitting out the ships that 
 filled the capacious basins, where they were laid up in 
 ordinary, and they were all, together with the stores, 
 timber, and every article of naval equipment found in the 
 arsenals and storehouses conveyed to England, where they 
 arrived the latter end of October. 
 
 Copenhagen suffered most severely during the bombard- 
 ment, as is most feelingly depicted by an unexceptionable 
 witness. Lord Eldon, in a letter to Lady Eldon, dated 
 
 * In one of his bulletins he said, “ Peut etre le Blocus du Continent ne 
 sera pas un vain mot.” 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 313 
 
 September 19, says: — “ Yesterday I dined at the Ad- 
 miralty, and met there several Admirals and Captains, who 
 had just returned from Copenhagen, and we had full par- 
 ticulars. The state of the inhabitants of Copenhagen, and 
 their distresses, must have been terrible and tremendous. 
 In one street our mortars destroyed five hundred persons, 
 principally poor helpless women and children. It made 
 my head ache and my blood run cold, to hear the accounts 
 these gentlemen gave. 5 ’ — Twiss’s Life of Lord Eldon, 
 vol. ii. p. 59. 
 
 The greatest, commiseration was felt in England for the 
 fate of the unhappy Danes, involved, against their will, in 
 the quarrel of the two mighty belligerents. A friendly 
 feeling towards the Danes had long been entertained by the 
 English, and they deplored the stem necessity dictated by 
 the duty of self-preservation. They hailed, however, with 
 satisfaction the infusion of new vigour into the British 
 Councils. The projection of the measure was attributed to 
 the energetic counsels of the Foreign Secretary, and Can- 
 ning was henceforward regarded as the most efficient mem- 
 ber of the Administration. He was equally powerful in 
 the Cabinet and the Senate. As we shall not have to speak 
 again of Mr. Canning, we will here give a character of his 
 oratory, drawn by the skilful hand of one who was an eye- 
 witness of its effects. “ Among our own orators, Mr. 
 Canning seems to have been the best model of the adorned 
 style. The splendid and sublime descriptions of Mr. Burke 
 — his comprehensive and profound views of general prin- 
 ciple — though they must ever delight and instruct the 
 reader, must be owned to have been digressions, which 
 diverted the mind of the hearer from the object on which 
 the speaker ought to have kept it steadily fixed. Sheridan, 
 a man of admirable sense and matchless wit, laboured to 
 follow Burke into the foreign regions of feeling and gran- 
 deur. The specimens preserved of his most celebrated 
 
314 
 
 GILLRAY^S CARICATURES. 
 
 speeches shew too much of the exaggeration and excess to 
 which those are peculiarly liable who seek by art and 
 effort what Nature has denied. By the constant part which 
 Mr. Canning took in debate, he was called upon to shew a 
 knowledge, which Mr. Sheridan did not possess,* and a 
 readiness which that accomplished man had no such means 
 of strengthening and displaying. In some qualities of style* 
 Mr. Canning surpassed Mr. Pitt. His diction was more 
 various, sometimes more simple, more idiomatical, even in 
 its more elevated parts. It sparkled with imagery, and 
 was brightened by illustration ; in both of which Mr. Pitt, 
 for so great an orator, was defective. 
 
 “ No English speaker used the keen and brilliant weapon 
 of wit so long,f so often, or so effectively, as Mr. Canning. 
 He gained more triumphs, and incurred more enmity by it 
 than by any other. Those whose importance depends much 
 on birth and fortune, are impatient of seeing their own 
 artificial dignity, or that of their order, broken down by 
 derision; and, perhaps, few men heartily forgive a success- 
 ful jest against themselves, but those who are conscious of 
 being unhurt by it. Mr. Canning often exercised this 
 talent imprudently . J In sudden flashes of wit, and in the 
 
 * This stricture seems unfounded. Sheridan’s speech on the Begum ques- 
 tion evinced extensive knowledge, and consummate skill in arranging the 
 details of a complicated subject, and placing them in an intelligible shape 
 before his audience. Numerous other instances might be adduced. It must 
 be remembered, too, that Canning usually possessed a very great advantage 
 over Sheridan in addressing the House, as he generally spoke from official in- 
 formation, to which he had access, even long before he possessed a seat in the 
 Cabinet. 
 
 t This can scarcely be said, Sheridan became Member for Stafford in 1780, 
 and continued in Parliament until 1811, a period of 31 years. Canning 
 entered Parliament in 1793, and died in 1827, a period of 34 years. A slight 
 difference. 
 
 t We may apply the following observation of Dryden to Canning : “ The 
 most severe censor cannot but be pleased with the prodigality of his wit, 
 though at the same time he could have wished the master of it had been a 
 better manager.” 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 315 
 
 playful description of men and things, he was often dis- 
 tinguished by that natural felicity which is the charm of 
 pleasantry; to which the air of art and labour is more 
 fatal than to any other talent.” — “ It cannot be denied that 
 Mr. Canning’s taste was somewhat influenced by the 
 example of his early friend (Sheridan). The exuberance of 
 &ncy and wit lessened the gravity of his general manner, 
 and perhaps also indisposed the audience to feel his earnest- 
 ness, where it clearly shewed itself. In that important 
 quality he was inferior to Mr. Pitt, — 
 
 lC Deep on whose front engraven, 
 
 Deliberation sat and public care 
 
 and no less inferior to Mr. Fox, whose fervid eloquence 
 flowed from the love of his country, the scorn of baseness, 
 and the hatred of cruelty, which were the ruling passions 
 of his nature.” — Miscellaneous Works of Sir James Mackin- 
 tosh, vol. ii. p. 159. 
 
 The preceding extract is highly characteristic of Canning’s 
 oratory; we cannot conclude without presenting to the 
 reader the following admirable sketch of Canning’s general 
 character, drawn by the pen of the same distinguished 
 writer : — 
 
 “ He was,” says Sir James Mackintosh, “a man of fine 
 and brilliant genius, of warm affections, of high and gene- 
 rous spirit, a statesman who at home converted most of his 
 opponents into warm supporters ; who abroad was the sole 
 hope and trust of all who sought an orderly and legal 
 liberty, and who was cut off in the midst of vigorous and 
 splendid measures, which, if executed by himself, or with 
 his own spirit, promised to place his name in the first class 
 of rulers, among the founders of lasting peace, and the 
 guardians of human improvement.” 
 
 * Milton’s Paradise Lost, book ii. 
 
316 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 344. 
 
 BROAD BOTTOMED DRONES STORMING A 
 HIVE. WASPS, HORNETS, AND HUMBLE 
 BEES JOINING IN THE ATTACK. 
 
 May 2nd , 1808. 
 
 LORD SIDMOUTH. LORD ELLENBOROUGIi. DUKE OF BEDFORD. 
 WINDHAM. LORD CARLISLE. LORD SPENCER. DUKE OF 
 NORFOLK. LORD ST. VINCENT. COURTNEY. LORD LAUDER- 
 DALE. SHERIDAN. HORNE TOOKE. DUKE OF CLARENCE. 
 LORD ERSKINE. SIR F. BURDETT. LORD MOIRA. LORD 
 DERBY. TIERNEY. MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. LORD 
 TEMPLE. WINDHAM. LORD GRENVILLE. WHITBREAD. LORD 
 H. PETTY. LORD IIAWKESBURY. LORD ELDON. CANNING. 
 
 The two parties. Ministers and Opposition, fighting for 
 the Treasury hive. 
 
 345. 
 
 L’ENFANT TROUVE • A SAMPLE OF ROMAN 
 CHARITY. May 19 th, 1808. 
 
 LORD NUGENT. LORD TEMPLE. MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. 
 MARCHIONESS OF BUCKINGHAM. RIGHT HON. THOMAS GREN- 
 VILLE. LORD GRENVILLE. 
 
 It was currently reported about this time that a basket 
 containing a female infant, with a ticket addressed to the 
 Marchioness of Buckingham, was left at the door of the 
 Marquis of Buckingham in Pall Mall. The Marquis 
 directed the child to be carefully conveyed to the work- 
 house. 
 
 Gillray has placed the following inscription under this 
 print — “L’Enfant Trouve: a sample of Roman Charity ! or, 
 the misfortune of not being born with marks of the Talent. 
 What ! a relation to the Broad-bottoms ! O Sainte Marie ! 
 Why, there’s not the least appearance of it ; therefore take 
 it away to the workhouse directly. 55 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 317 
 
 The Marquis of Buckingham’s black servant has just 
 brought a basket, containing a child, into the parlour ; 
 his astonished eyes are nearly starting from their sockets, 
 while he deposits it upon the table. The whole Grenville 
 family is present. The playful little innocent is kicking up 
 its heels, and unconsciously exhibiting the lower part of 
 its person. The Marquis of Buckingham has started from 
 his chair, and put on his spectacles to examine the child 
 carefully. He seems to exclaim — “ Ede notam tanti 
 generis but the infallible Broad-bottom mark is want- 
 ing, and he repudiates the child. The Marchioness, dressed 
 as a Lady Abbess, seeks in vain for the true sign. Lord 
 Nugent, Lord Temple, the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville, 
 and Lord Grenville, are decidedly of opinion that there can- 
 not be any affinity, where the never-failing criterion is 
 wanting ; it is therefore unanimously resolved to commit 
 the infant to the tender mercies and benignant superin- 
 tendence of the parish officers. The drawers of the table, 
 on which the basket and child are placed, are labelled — 
 “ Lists of Pensions, Lists of Places, and Lists of Sinecures.” 
 “ Lists of Crown .Grants,” intended to indicate that a more 
 kind and generous treatment of a helpless and abandoned 
 infant might have been expected ; but it must be owned 
 that if a foundling, placed at the door of a wealthy family, 
 were to be received and brought up, u another and another” 
 would still succeed with unenviable frequency. 
 
 346. 
 
 THE SPANISH BULL FIGHT; OR THE CORSI- 
 CAN MATADOR IN DANGER. July 1 ith, 1808. 
 
 On the general rising in the Peninsula against the 
 French, in 1808, which led to the Peninsular War, and 
 ultimately to the deliverance of Europe from the tyranny 
 
 * Ovidii Metamorphoseon, lib. i. v. 761. 
 
318 
 
 gillray's caricatures. 
 
 of Napoleon. # The scene is the “ Theatre de FEurope.” 
 The Spanish Bull has a “ Corsican chain” round his neck. 
 He has trampled the usurper Joseph under his feet; a 
 crown is on his head, and he grasps a paper in his hand 
 inscribed w Coronation de Joseph Buonaparte, Rex Espag- 
 nol, — Gibraltar.” The Spanish Bull having disposed of 
 Joseph, has just tossed Napoleon himself into the air ; from 
 his hand has dropped his “ Plan pour subjuguer le Monde/’ 
 The Prussian, Dutch, and Danish Bulls are “ Wounded 
 Bulls bellowing for help.” In the boxes of the Theatre 
 de F Europe” are seen George III. looking through an 
 opera-glass, with a pitchfork in his right hand ; the Pope 
 holding a “ Bull for excommunicating the Corsican 
 Usurper;” and various European and Eastern Potentates 
 looking on with delight at the successful resistance of the 
 Spanish bull. 
 
 Gillray has placed at the top of this Print the following 
 inscription from Baretti’s Travels: The Spanish bull is 
 
 so remarkable for spirit, that unless the Matador strikes 
 him dead at the first blow r , the bull is sure to destroy 
 him” 
 
 347 . 
 
 THE VALLEY OF THE SHADOW OF DEATH. 
 
 September 24:th } 1808 . 
 
 Buonaparte has entered the Valley of Death,” 
 sword in hand, prepared to encounter opposition, but he 
 recoils at the appearance of sights, which might have 
 appalled the stoutest nerves. The “ Leo Britannicus” is 
 rushing upon him, — the Sicilian Terrier menaces him. 
 The “ Portuguese Wolf” is springing at him. Death, 
 mounted on a horse of the ee True Royal Spanish breed,” 
 
 * Talleyrand earnestly endeavoured to dissuade Napoleon from attempting 
 the conquest of Spain, and predicted it would be “ Le Commencement de 
 la Fin.” 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 319 
 
 holds up an u hour-glass” to his affrighted eyes, and is 
 preparing to strike with his dart. The thunders of the 
 Church are fulminated against him. The departed spirit 
 of Junot says, “ Remember Junot;” and that of Dupont, 
 “ Remember Dupont.” “ The Turkish new moon is 
 rising in blood,” and “ British Influence” has obscured 
 tc French Influence.”— The spirit of Charles XII. holds a 
 drawn sword over Napoleon, prepared to avenge the wrongs 
 of Sweden. The imperial Eagle of Austria is emerging 
 from a cloud. While these perils beset Napoleon in the 
 front and on his side, the Russian Bear has broken his 
 chain, and menaces him in the rear . — et The Prussian 
 Scare-crow is attempting to fly at him.” “ The Rhenish 
 Confederation of starved Rats, crawling out of the mud,” 
 are ravenously pressing towards him . — (l Dutch Frogs 
 spitting out their spite,” are emerging from the ee Lethean 
 ditch;” and the “ American Rattle-snake is shaking his 
 tail,” and spitting venom at him. Napoleon^s brother 
 Joseph, the ex-king of Spain, has fallen into the “ Ditch 
 of Styx,” and is floundering in the water without hope of 
 emerging. 
 
 This print is intended to shew that the success of the 
 Spanish Insurrection against France, the expulsion of the 
 usurper Joseph from Spain, and the success of the British 
 arms in the Peninsula had encouraged a general resistance 
 to the progress of the French arms. An infatuation had 
 prevailed throughout Europe that the French army was 
 irresistible, — the charm once broken, the European armies 
 fought with gallantry and confidence, and conquered ; — 
 u possunt quia posse videntur .” 
 
 The vengeance of the oppressed has pursued Napoleon. 
 
 “ et extra 
 
 Processit longe flammantia Moenia Mundi.” 
 
 Lucretius, lib. i. 
 
 Y 
 
320 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 348. 
 
 SPANISH PATRIOTS ATTACKING THE FRENCH 
 BANDITTI— LOYAL BRITONS LENDING A 
 LIFT. Avgust 15 th, 1808, 
 
 The universal rising in Spain, and the hatred raised 
 there by French tyranny and cruelty, were at this time a 
 subject of great public agitation in England, and this was 
 one of the prints sent abroad to keep up the excitement. 
 
 349. 
 
 THE LOYAL ADDRESS; OR, THE PROCESSION 
 OF THE HAMPSHIRE HOGS FROM BOTLEY 
 TO ST. JAMES’S. October 20th, 1808. 
 
 SHERIDAN. LORD LAUDERDALE. BOSYILLE. SIR E. BURDETT. 
 LORD H. PETTY. COBBETT. WINDHAM. LORD SIDMOUTH. 
 LORD GRENVILLE. LORD HOWICK. 
 
 Cobbett is seated on his “ Political Hog Trough.” The 
 trough is drawn by Hampshire hogs. Behind him is held 
 up “ The Loyal Petition of the Noble and Truly Inde- 
 pendent Hogs of Hampshire, humbly shewing that the 
 convention with Junot was a cursed humbug upon Old 
 England, and that the three damn’d Convention Signers 
 ought to be hanged, drawn, and quartered, without judge 
 or jury.” Sir Francis Burdett is driving the hogs attached 
 to the trough with a cart-whip. Cobbett is preceded by 
 men carrying flags, inscribed, “ The Botley Patriot and his 
 Hogs for ever.” “ No Chevaliers du Bain .” — “ Given up 
 to Junot all the plunder, all the horses, all the arms. O 
 Diable ! O Diable ! !” On another flag is painted a repre- 
 sentation of the “ Due d’Abrantes ratifying the Conven- 
 tion.” Bosville is distributing “ Pig’s meat (id est , money) 
 among the swinish multitude. Lord Grenville, Lord Sid- 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 521 
 
 mouth, and Lord Ho wick, are helping to shove the hog 
 trough along in its progress. Attached to the hog trough are 
 various references to the Political Register. A man is 
 carrying a banner, inscribed “ Triumph in Portugal ,’ 5 a 
 new catch, to be sung by the Hampshire Hogs, to the 
 tune of (i Three Jolly Boys all in a Row . 55 By the side of 
 the banner are u Three Gallows ,’ 5 on which are hanging 
 “ Sir Hugh” (Dalrymple) ; “ Sir Arthur , 55 (Wellesley, now 
 Duke of Wellington); and “ Sir David” (Baird); the 
 4C Three Jolly Boys 55 who signed the Convention with 
 Junot at Cintra. 
 
 Upon the indignation excited in England by the Con- 
 vention of Cintra, concluded on the 30th of August, 1808, 
 by which the French army was allowed to evacuate Por- 
 tugal upon what was considered far too favourable terms. 
 The first petition ridiculed in this print, is represented as 
 led by Cobbett, who made a fierce attack upon Ministers 
 in the Political Register, and had a principal hand in keep- 
 ing up the agitation. A suppressed stanza of “ Childe 
 Harold 55 has been quoted, describing the effect of the 
 news of the Convention when it reached England. 
 
 “ Pens, tongues, feet, hands, combined in wild uproar ; 
 
 Mayor, aldermen, laid down th’ uplifted fork ; 
 
 The bench of bishops half forgot to snore ; 
 
 Stern Cobbett, who for one whole week forbore 
 To question aught, once more with transport leapt, 
 
 And bit his devilish quill again, and swore 
 With foe such treaty never should be kept : 
 
 Then burst the blatant beast, and roar’d, and raged, and— slept.” 
 
322 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 350 . 
 
 PATRIOTIC PETITIONS ON THE CONVEN- 
 TION. 
 
 THE COCKNEY PETITION. 
 
 SIR C. FLOWER AND ALDERMAN WAITHMAN. 
 
 THE WESTMINSTER PETITION. 
 
 Horne tooke. sir f. burdett, sheridan. bosyille. 
 
 WISH ART. 
 
 THE CHELMSFORD PETITION. 
 
 LORD H. PETTY. MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. EARL ST. VINCENT. 
 
 WTNDHAM. LORD TEMPLE. 
 
 THE MIDDLESEX PETITION. 
 
 PAULL. COUNSELLOR CLIFFORD. BYNG. 
 
 This print was intended as a Satire on the addresses 
 presented to the King, condemning the Convention made 
 at Cintra, by which the French were enabled to evacuate 
 Portugal unmolested, and praying that an inquiry might 
 be made into the subject. 
 
 This print is divided into four compartments. On the 
 upper compartment, on the left of the spectator, <£ the 
 Cockney Petition,” (that is, the Petition of the Corporation 
 of London), has just been presented to the King by the 
 Recorder. The mover and seconder of the Address are 
 Mr. Noodle and Mr. Doodle (Aldermen Waithman and 
 Flower). The King, addressing Noodle (Waithman), says, 
 “ Petition me !— no such petitions, Mr. Noodle. 5 * And 
 to Doodle (Flower) the King says, C£ No Knighting to- 
 day, Mr. Doodle !” It was said that Alderman Flower 
 had flattered himself with being knighted on the occasion 
 of presenting the Address. Waithman, bowing very low, 
 says, “ Humble Petition, my Liege.” Flower is bowing 
 very low and reverentially. In his pocket is seen a paper, 
 “ Mover, Mr. Noodle ; Seconder, Mr. Doodle.” 
 
 The upper compartment on the right represents Horne 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 323 
 
 Tooke’s bed-room. He is ill in bed. Sheridan, Bosville, 
 and Wishart, the tobacconist in Coventry Street, an ardent 
 Whig, who had several times had the honour of proposing 
 Fox for Westminster, have brought the Westminster Peti- 
 tion to submit to Tooke’s inspection ; but Tooke, having 
 raised himself up in bed, says to Burdett, “ Out with 
 them ! They are too bad for us !” Burdett is kicking 
 Sheridan, and is about to cudgel the three Petitioners with 
 the “ Club of Reform.,’* He exclaims, “Out, monsters! 
 hav’nt they cleared Portugal of the enemy’s army ?” In 
 Wishart’s pocket is seen “ Republican Snuff.” By Tooke’s 
 bed-side is placed “ Cobbett’s Weekly Political Register.” 
 On the lower left compartment is the ct Chelmsford Peti- 
 tion.” The Broad-bottom Patriots are addressing the 
 Essex Calves ! The Marquis of Buckingham says, “ Aye, 
 it’s all for want of us !” Earl St. Vincent exclaims, “ O 
 this cursed Convention ! It’s all the fault of the damn'd 
 Ministry, by not sending me out to Portugal ! O damme, 
 if I had had but one of my legs in the Tagus, I’d have 
 Convention’d and Abrantes’d em ! Ah, it was all for want 
 of me, Gentlemen Calves ! It’s all for want of me that all 
 this happened ! All for want of me.” He is leaning on a 
 crutch held in his right hand ; in his left he holds the 
 “ Essex Petition. Horrid Convention. Ministers firing the 
 Park guns. Armistice in French lingos.” On a sign-board 
 is painted, “ Essex Calves, to be sold to the best bidder. 
 For particulars inquire at the Broad-bottom market.” 
 
 The lower compartment on the right represents the 
 Meeting of the Middlesex Freeholders at Hackney. Pauli 
 is addressing the Meeting, “ O infamous Convention ! 
 Inquiry won’t do ! Instant justice ! Cut off their heads, and 
 try them afterwards !’’ Clifford, the barrister, holds up the 
 “ Middlesex Petition.” Byng, the universally respected 
 Byng, has his hat in his hand, and is about to address his 
 constituents ; a reporter is preparing to take down his 
 speech. 
 
324 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 After the decisive victory obtained at Vimiera, by Sir 
 Arthur Wellesley, Junot felt it was impossible to maintain 
 his position, and was afraid he should be surrounded and 
 overpowered by the British and Portuguese armies ; he 
 therefore sent General Kellerman, with a flag of truce, to 
 propose an armistice, and an offer to enter into a conven- 
 tion for the evacuation of Portugal. This was agreed to by 
 Sir Hugh Dalrymple. When the news of the battle of 
 Vimiera reached England, the nation was overjoyed. 
 Ministers ordered the Park and Tower guns to be fired at 
 ten o^clock at night. The Convention was signed on the 
 30th of August, by “ George Murray, Quartermaster 
 General,” and “ Kellerman, General de Division.” By this 
 it was agreed that u The French were not in any case to 
 be considered prisoners-of-war; all the individuals who 
 composed the French army were to be transported to 
 France, with their arms and baggage, and the whole of 
 their private property, from which nothing was to be ex- 
 cepted. All the artillery of French calibre, and the French 
 cavalry horses were to be sent to France.” It was also 
 further stipulated that when the English army and fleet 
 got possession of the town and port of Lisbon, “they 
 were not to molest the Russian squadron during its con- 
 tinuance in the Tagus, nor stop it when its commander 
 wished to sail, nor pursue it after it had sailed, until the 
 time fixed by maritime law.” 
 
 The Portuguese were exasperated at the terms of the 
 Convention ; they complained bitterly that the French 
 should be allowed to carry off all their plunder under the 
 designation of private property. 
 
 The English Admiral, Sir Charles Cotton, refused to 
 agree to the article in the Armistice for the departure of 
 the Russian fleet ; but signed a separate convention with 
 the Russian Admiral, that the Russian fleet should be 
 delivered up to the English as a deposit until six months, 
 after the peace between England and Russia. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 325 
 
 As soon as the terms of the Convention were known in 
 London, they excited general dissatisfaction. We were re- 
 presented to have lost by negotiation all the advantages 
 gained by our arms. Numerous public meetings were 
 held, in which strong resolutions were passed condemning 
 the terms of the Convention, and they were embodied in 
 petitions to the King, praying for an investigation into the 
 subject. Public opinion was so strongly expressed in all 
 parts of the country, and re-echoed from Portugal, that 
 the Commander-in-Chief ordered a Board of Inquiry to be 
 held at Chelsea. It consisted of seven General Officers, and 
 was presided over by Sir David Dundas. It met on the 
 14th of November. The Board reported that it was ex- 
 tremely difficult to form a satisfactory opinion, as the evi- 
 dence was conflicting, but that a great advantage was 
 gained by the evacuation of Portugal. The King was not 
 satisfied with this report, and the Commander-in-Chief 
 (the Duke of York) sent it back for the reconsideration of 
 the Members of the Board. Their second report was nearly 
 the same in substance. All further proceedings were 
 dropped. Sir Hugh Dairy mple, however, had lost the 
 confidence of the Crown, the army, and the public, and 
 he was never again employed to command any expedition. 
 
 351. 
 
 DISCIPLES CATCHING THE MANTLE: THE 
 SPIRIT OF DARKNESS OVERSHADOWING 
 THE PRIESTS OF BAAL. June 28th , 1808. 
 
 DUKE OF PORTLAND. LORD LIVERPOOL. LORD ELDON. 
 
 CANNING. LORD CASTLEREAGH. PERCEVAL. PITT. 
 
 LORD GRENVILLE. LORD HOWICK. WINDHAM. LORD 
 LAUDERDALE. GHOST OF FOX. WHITBREAD. MARQUIS OF 
 BUCKINGHAM. LORD ERSKINE. LORD ST. VINCENT. 
 
 SHERIDAN, LORD SIDMOUTH. LORD MOIRA. DUKE OF 
 BEDFORD. 
 
 This is a parody on the Scripture history of Elijah 
 
3 26 
 
 GILL.RAY ? S CARICATURES. 
 
 ascending into heaven in a “ chariot of fire,” drawn by 
 “ horses of fire,” and his mantle descending on Elisha. 
 It is applied to the recently-appointed Administration of 
 the Duke of Portland. “ The Altar of the Constitution” 
 is erected on u The Rock of Ages ;” upon it is placed the 
 Bible and Crown. u Magna Charta, Fortitude and Pru- 
 dence” surround the Altar. The members of the new 
 Cabinet are assembled around the altar ; their attention is 
 suddenly attracted to the luminous appearance of the 
 Spirit of their political Elijah, drawn in a chariot of fire, 
 by horses of fire, through the celestial atmosphere to the 
 region of immortality. In his progress he drops his man- 
 tle, and his disciples are endeavouring to catch it, hoping 
 to derive inspiration from it. The Duke of Portland, Lord 
 Eldon and Perceval are kneeling with their hands raised 
 upwards. Lord Liverpool, Canning, Lord Castlereagh, 
 and their colleagues are anxiously endeavouring to catch 
 the mantle and its inspiration. On the right of the print 
 is seen the departed spirit of Fox hovering over his dis- 
 ciples, and dropping his Republican Mantle” and u Torch 
 of Discord” among them. Lord Grenville is standing on 
 the “ Broad- Bottom Dunghill;” he derives “ comfort” 
 from “ Charley’s old Breeches.” Lord Ho wick is appalled 
 by the splendid appearance of Pitt, and the Snake of Envy 
 twined round his body is hissing at the chariot and the 
 rider. The mask drops from Windham’s astonished face. 
 The affrighted Marquis of Buckingham drops the tiara 
 from his head, and the pastoral crook from his hand. 
 Egalite (the Duke of Bedford), Lord Moira and Lord 
 Erskine are confounded. Lord Sidmouth, overpowered 
 by the effects of this ee gentle emetic/ 5 has fallen down on 
 his back, and is kicking his legs up in the air ; the 
 affrighted Earl St. Vincent has taken refuge between his 
 friend the Doctor’s legs. Sir Francis Burdett, as Guy 
 Fawkes, is hurrying off with the Catholic Petition under his 
 arm. He has dropt his dark lantern upon a barrel belong- 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 327 
 
 ing to the ee Gunpowder Brewery/ 5 from which Whitbread 5 s 
 head is seen emerging. 
 
 We are not enabled to judge on whom “ The Mantle 55 
 descended ; on some of Pitt’s disciples it must have cer- 
 tainly set awry. The Portland Administration was 
 avowedly formed on Ultra-Protestant principles, or a reso- 
 lute determination to resist at all times any relaxation of 
 the laws against the Catholics. Perceval was most sincere 
 in this determination ; but Canning privately approved the 
 measure of the late Ministers, and was eventually one of 
 the most powerful and eloquent advocates of Catholic 
 Emancipation. Lord Castlereagh, when Secretary for 
 Ireland, had gained over many of the leading Catholics by 
 holding out to them the hope of their gaining emancipa- 
 tion from the Imperial Parliament, which would certainly 
 not be granted by the Irish Parliament ; and Lord Cam- 
 den, who had been Lord- Lieutenant of Ireland, would have 
 been friendly to the measure, but was influenced by defe- 
 rence to the feelings of the King. The following curious 
 entry occurs in Lord Malmesbury 5 s Diary, Yol. iv. p. 370. 
 “ March 19, 1807- Lord Camden is right as to the Catho- 
 lic Bill, but like many others , not so much against the 
 principle of the Bill, as because the King has declared him- 
 self, and he conceives it to be a sort of pledge he had given 
 to Pitt, that the question should not be mooted during the 
 King 5 s life. 55 
 
 The series of Gillray 5 s political prints is now drawing to 
 a close. We shall therefore take this opportunity of making 
 some remarks on Lord Castlereagh. 
 
 Lord Castlereagh commenced bis political career in Ire- 
 land. He was at first an ardent supporter of Parliamentary 
 reform, but his family connections opened office to him, 
 and he saw a new light. He was Secretary for Ireland at 
 the time the Legislative Union was brought forward, and 
 the success of the measure may be justly ascribed chiefly 
 to his ability and exertions. It must be confessed he was 
 
328 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 not always very scrupulous in the means of effecting it ; 
 the venality of many of the Irish Members of Parliament 
 was at that time proverbial ; we must avert our eyes from 
 the degrading spectacle, and turn them to the contemplation 
 of the solid and permanent benefit conferred on the British 
 Empire. The Legislative Union will ever form one of the 
 brightest jewels in the Londonderry coronet. 
 
 When the Union was effected, his services were trans- 
 ferred to England. He obtained a seat in Lord Sidmouth’s 
 Cabinet, and in Pitt’s on the removal of Sidmouth. On 
 the appointment of the Portland Administration he became 
 Secretary for the Colonies, to w T hich was assigned the con- 
 duct of the war. He was the author of the disastrous 
 Walcheren Expedition. Canning insisted on his dismissal 
 for incompetency. The Duke of Portland was irresolute, 
 and while he hesitated, Lord Castlereagh became apprised 
 of Canning’s application to the Duke. He challenged 
 Canning, and a duel took place between them on the 21st 
 of September, 1809. Their resignation of office of course 
 followed. On the death of Perceval Lord Liverpool again 
 sought his services, and few statesmen ever exercised 
 greater control over public affairs than Lord Castlereagh 
 did to the time of his death in 1822. The Peace of Paris 
 in 1814 is another jewel resplendent in the Londonderry 
 coronet.* We might have here closed our remarks on his 
 official conduct, but the publication of the Castlereagh 
 Papers by his brother, the Marquis of Londonderry, dis- 
 closes a fact, which alone would be sufficient to confer im- 
 mortality on his name, and honour on his judgment. It 
 appears he nominated Lord Wellington to the command of 
 the Peninsular army, and enforced the appointment against 
 the wishes and remonstrances of George III. The fact 
 will probably be new to most of our readers, as very few 
 take the trouble to peruse collections of State Papers. The 
 circumstance is so interesting that we shall print George 
 
 * Lord Castlereagh was elected an “ Extra Knight” of the Garter, June 
 9, 1814, and became one of the Constituent Companions, June 30, 1817* 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 329 
 
 the ThircFs letter entire, “ Windsor Castle, Oct. 3, 1809. 
 His Majesty has never been induced to admit that Lord 
 Castlereagh was wanting in zeal or exertion in providing 
 for the reinforcement of his army in Portugal. On the 
 contrary. Lord Castlereagh must remember that the King 
 was not disposed to question the correctness of the repre- 
 sentations made by Sir John Moore, which subsequent 
 experience has too fully confirmed ; and although he was 
 induced to yield to the advice of his confidential servants, 
 he never could look with satisfaction to the prospect of 
 another British army being committed in Spain, under the 
 possible recurrence of the same difficulties. It was also 
 this impression , which prompted the King to acquiesce in the 
 appointment of so young a Lieutenant- General as Lord 
 Wellington * to the command of the troops in Portugal , as 
 he hoped that this consideration would operate with others 
 against any considerable augmentation of the army ; although 
 that augmentation has been since gradually produced by 
 events then not foreseen. In making this observation the 
 King is far from meaning to reflect upon Lord Wellington, 
 of whose zealous services and abilities he has the most 
 favourable opinion, and whose subsequent conduct has 
 proved him deserving of the confidence reposed in him ; 
 but as Lord Castlereagh has laid so much stress upon this 
 
 * Had George III. forgotten that General Wolfe, in the 36th year of his 
 age, had captured Quebec with 7000 men, although defended by the expe- 
 rienced Marquis de Montcalm with 20,000 men, and the consequent surren- 
 der of the whole of Canada to Great Britain ; or did he undervalue the mili- 
 tary policy of Lord Chatham? “ Considering,” says Walpole, “ that our 
 ancient officers had grown old on a very small portion of experience, which 
 by no means compensated for the decay of fire and vigour, it was Mr. Pitt’s 
 practice to trust his plans to the alertness and hopes of younger men. This 
 appeared particularly in the appointment of Wolfe for the enterprise of Que- 
 bec.” — ( Walpole's Memoirs of George 77. Vol. ii. p. 345.) It might have 
 been expected that the military genius and the brilliant achievements which 
 had already marked Lord Wellington’s career, would at once have outweighed 
 the want of a few additional years in the King’s mind. He was already forty 
 years of age. 
 
330 
 
 gtllray’s caricatures. 
 
 pointy his Majesty has considered it due to himself and to 
 Lord Castlereagh, to shew clearly he had never entertained 
 an idea that there had been any neglect on his part in pro- 
 viding for that service.” — ( See Castlereagh Papers and 
 Correspondence, Vol. i. p. 18.) 
 
 It only remains to speak of Lord Castlereagh 5 s Parlia- 
 mentary exertions. He had no pretensions to the charac- 
 ter of an orator. His diction was inelegant, his sentences 
 involved ; the extraordinary phraseology which he some- 
 times employed, and the confusion of his metaphors, would 
 sometimes provoke the laugh or the ridicule of his oppo- 
 nents ; as when he descanted on “ the ignorant impatience 
 of taxation,” or hoped ee the House would not turn its back 
 on itself ;” yet, notwithstanding these defects, he exercised 
 a powerful influence over the House of Commons, by his 
 courtesy, by his habits ofbusiness, and the advantages he 
 derived from his official information. If any new or extra- 
 ordinary measure, even of finance, was attempted during 
 the Liverpool Administration, the charge of introducing it 
 was committed to Lord Castlereagh. He unhappily com- 
 mitted suicide by cutting his throat on the 12th of August, 
 1822. His friends said his mind had been overworked, 
 and the verdict of the Coroner’s inquest adjudged the rash 
 act to have been committed “ during a fit of temporary 
 insanity 
 
 Lord Grey, whom Gillray has placed under Fox 5 s 
 u Republican Mantle,” was first returned to Parliament 
 for the county of Northumberland in the year 1?86. He 
 had not then quite attained his twenty-first year, and 
 in consequence waited a short time after his return before 
 
 * The Marquis of Londonderry has just erected (1850) a monumental 
 statue to the memory of his brother in the north transept of Westminster 
 Abbey. The figure is the size of life. He is represented in the attitude of 
 speaking. He holds a scroll in his hand, inscribed, “ The Peace of 
 Paris, 1814. ” The statue is executed in the purest white Carrara marble 
 by J. Evan Thomas. On the pedestal is judiciously inscribed, “ Ireland 
 WILL NEVER FORGET THE STATESMAN OF THE LEGISLATIVE UNION.’ * 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 331 
 
 he took his seat in the House. His first speech was against 
 Pitt’s commercial treaty with France. He displayed so 
 much talent in his early speeches — his manner was so dig- 
 nified, and his elocution was so graceful and impressive — 
 that he was appointed one of the managers of Hastings’s 
 impeachment. For many years he fought, side by side 
 with Fox, the battles of constitutional liberty, advocated 
 the freedom of the press, resisted the suspension of the 
 Habeas Corpus Act and the restrictions imposed on public 
 meetings. He strenuously opposed the war with France, 
 and condemned every attempt of this country to interfere 
 with the forms of Government adopted in other countries. 
 He commenced his life as a Parliamentary reformer, and 
 did not belie the promises of his youth, but when he became 
 Prime Minister carried into effect a more salutary and effi- 
 cient reform than he himself originally contemplated. It 
 was upon the rejection of his motion for Parliamentary 
 Reform in 1797, that the secession of the Opposition took 
 place. Despairing of carrying into effect any proposition 
 of economy or reform, or inducing the Government to 
 listen to any pacific overtures, the Opposition resolved to 
 discontinue their regular attendance, and not assist in 
 merely “ registering the edicts of the Ministry.” Fox 
 himself allowed the secession was a measure of doubtful 
 policy. On the appointment of the Addington Ministry 
 and the Peace of Amiens, the Opposition resumed their 
 Parliamentary attendance. Mr. Grey and Mr. Thomas 
 Grenville were principally instrumental in effecting the 
 Foxite and Grenville co-operation in Parliament, which 
 overturned the Addington Administration. We shall pass 
 overthe well-known circumstances attending Pitt’s acces- 
 sion to office. At his death the Fox and Grenville Ad- 
 ministration was formed, and Mr. Grey became First Lord 
 of the Admiralty, and, on the death of Mr. Fox, Secretary 
 for Foreign Affairs. The proposed admission of Roman 
 Catholic officers into the army and navy caused the disso- 
 lution of the Ministry. 
 
332 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 Lord Grey was once again an active leader of Opposi- 
 tion, and continued so in connection with Lord Grenville ; 
 until a difference of opinion arising between these two 
 Statesmen on the Peninsular War, Lord Grenville retired 
 from Parliament, and closed his political life. Lord Grey 
 became comparatively inactive in public affairs, until the 
 trial of Queen Caroline. He displayed extraordinary 
 ability in analysing the evidence adduced against her, and 
 vindicated the cause of a Princess, whom he represented 
 to have never received the affections of a husband, but to 
 have been insulted and oppressed by him, from the very 
 commencement of the unfortunate alliance. 
 
 On the termination of the proceedings against Queen 
 Caroline, Lord Grey again relapsed into inactivity. In 
 1827 a circumstance occurred, which was the most painful 
 and galling to the feelings of Lord Grey which he had ever 
 experienced. On the death of the Earl of Liverpool, Can- 
 ning was appointed Prime Minister. The Marquis of 
 Lansdowne, Lord Holland, and most of the leading Whigs, 
 and dearest friends of Earl Grey, resolved to support Can- 
 ning, hoping to secure thereby a more liberal system of 
 Government, and annihilate the predominance of Tory influ- 
 ence. The cause of this excited feeling is thus admirably 
 described by the Reviewer of Miss Martineau 5 s History of 
 England during the Thirty Years 5 Peace, in the Athenceum 
 of April 7, 1849. “ Between these Statesmen (Canning and 
 Grey) there had been a feud of twenty years’ standing ; 
 envenomed by sallies of wit, epigram and lampoon* on one 
 side — by reprisals of scorn, defiance and disdain on the 
 other. Lord Grey believed his own political life to be 
 closed; his dearest and most trusted associates had joined 
 the new Ministry, and he sat almost alone on the Oppo- 
 sition benches, surrounded by adversaries with whom he 
 had no sympathy. It was the deep melancholy, the re- 
 
 * On Canning’s being appointed Secretary for Foreign Affairs, his friend 
 Lord Malmesbury regrets “ his dangerous habit of quizzing, which he can- 
 not restrain.” — Malmesbury’s Diary , Vol. iy. p. 367. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES, 
 
 333 
 
 signed calmness of his memorable speech, which rendered 
 its invective so telling and so cutting. It was aptly com- 
 pared by a foreign writer to f the frozen wind, which 
 chills, benumbs and renders powerless/ It touched the 
 Minister with the icy finger of death. Canning paid a 
 heavy penalty for the spirit of contempt which was the 
 least worthy attribute of his genius. It met at last in 
 deadly conflict the loftier spirit of scorn, and perished in 
 the contest.” Perhaps the last sentence is rather over- 
 stated, for the speeches of the Duke of Wellington and 
 others of his former colleagues had deeply wounded his 
 feelings ; Canning, who never spared sarcasm, ridicule, or 
 ludicrous allusions when assailing an opponent, was him- 
 self the most sensitive of men. 
 
 We shall now pass at once to the appointment of Lord 
 Grey as Prime Minister. Ilis policy evinced the sincerity 
 of his political professions out of office. After a most 
 arduous struggle he triumphantly carried Parliamentary 
 Reform, completed the measures for the Abolition of the 
 Slave Trade, and laid the foundation of Ecclesiastical 
 Reform in Ireland by consolidating some of the bishoprics, 
 and applying the revenues of those suppressed and of the 
 overgrown livings, to the improvement of small livings, 
 and making better provision for the working Clergy. He 
 also commenced the plan of National Education. These 
 salutary measures will hand his name down to posterity 
 as a benefactor of his country. Earl Grey died on the 
 17 th of July, 1845, in the 82nd year of his age. 
 
 352. 
 
 PANDORA OPENING HER BOX. 
 
 February 22nd , 1809. 
 
 MARY ANN CLARKE. 
 
 The conception of this print is remarkably happy. Pan- 
 dora (Mrs. Clarke) is standing at the bar of the House of 
 
334 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 Commons. She has just taken off the “ Cover of Infamy” 
 from the cc Opposition Stink Box.” Innumerable serpents 
 issue forth, hissing out, “ Perjury, Deceit, Revenge, In- 
 gratitude, Lies and Calumny/ 5 The “ Broad-Bottom 
 Reservoir’ 5 is open to receive “ Forged Letters,” “ Forged 
 Appointments, 55 “ Commissions and Appointments to the 
 best Bidder,” “ Prices of Commissions in the Army, A. 
 Clarke, Seer.” “ Private Communications from his Ex- 
 cellency the Morocco Ambassador .” “ Love Letters from 
 
 Mr. Waddle” (Col. Wardle). “ List of Mrs. Clarke’s 
 Pensions,” &c. 
 
 We will recall to the recollection of the reader the attri- 
 butes of the mythological Pandora, that he may the better 
 perceive the felicity of the application of the allegory in 
 this print. Jupiter having resolved to punish the pre- 
 sumption of Prometheus in stealing fire from heaven, com- 
 manded Vulcan to make a woman of clay, and breathe life 
 into her. The deities of Olympus vied with each other in 
 bestowing accomplishments and the power of fascination 
 upon her. Venus gave her beauty and the art of pleasing, 
 —the Graces imparted to her the power of captivating, — 
 Apollo instructed her in music, — Mercury endowed her 
 with eloquence, — Minerva gave her splendid ornaments. 
 Jupiter presented her with a beautiful box, and ordered 
 her not to open it till she was married, but present it to 
 her husband on her wedding-day. Mercury introduced 
 her to Prometheus ; the sagacious mortal, however, dis- 
 trusted Jupiter and his present, and declined the con- 
 nection; his less intuitive brother, Epimetheus, accepted 
 the hand and the box of Pandora. The fatal consequences 
 are well known. 
 
 On the 27th of January, 1809, Col. Wardle brought 
 forward his charges against the Duke of York. He ani- 
 madverted with great energy on the Duke’s corrupt abuse 
 of the Half-Pay Fund. The produce of this Fund arises 
 from commissions falling in by the death or dismissal of 
 
POLITICAL SERIES 
 
 335 
 
 officers from the army; when the commissions are sold, 
 and the amount applied to the purchase of commissions 
 for meritorious officers, the Compassionate Fund, or other 
 military purposes. The Fund is under the sole control 
 of the Commander-in-chief. He said, he should prove 
 that, from 1803 to 1806, the Duke of York had a mistress, 
 Mrs. Clarke, living in great splendour in Gloucester Place. 
 This lady had a scale of prices for the sale of commissions, 
 and he would lay before the House Mrs. Clarke’s prices 
 
 and the regulated prices. 
 
 
 
 Mrs. Clarke’s Prices. 
 
 Regulated Prices, 
 
 A Majority 
 
 £900 
 
 £2600 
 
 A Company 
 
 700 
 
 1500 
 
 A Lieutenancy . 
 
 400 
 
 550 
 
 An Ensigncy 
 
 200 
 
 400 
 
 Every sale of a commission effected by Mrs. Clarke was 
 a loss to the Half- Pay Fund of the difference between her 
 price and the regulated price. He then gave a long detail 
 of sales effected by her, the name and rank of the officer, 
 and the sums paid ; a list of exchanges of commissions as 
 effected by her, &c. & c. Her patronage was also extended 
 to ecclesiastics. Dr. O’Meara wished “ to preach before 
 Royalty,” and it was accomplished by the Duke of York’s 
 influence, &c. He moved that a Committee of the whole 
 House investigate the subject. The motion was agreed to, 
 and the witnesses ordered to be summoned. 
 
 On the 1st of February, in all the pride and bloom of 
 beauty, the lovely Thais stood at the bar of the House ; 
 her appearance created great sensation. Many a Member 
 doubtless longed 66 to take a leap at her lips.” # Her 
 examination-in-chief was conducted by Col. Wardle. She 
 confirmed his opening statements by oral testimony and 
 
 * The expression of the Page in Massinger’s “ Maid of Honour/’ Act II. 
 Scene 2. 
 
336 
 
 gillray 5 s caricatures. 
 
 written documents. In her cross-examination she exhi- 
 bited extraordinary self-possession, quickness in repartee, 
 and baffled her interrogators by the poignancy of her wit, 
 and exciting the laughter of the House against them, and 
 sometimes converted the question intended to degrade her 
 into the means of annoying the Duke of York. The 
 Attorney- General asked if she was not a married woman ? 
 She replied, You have no reason to doubt it. “ Have you 
 not sworn you were a widow ? 55 “ Never / 5 “ Not at a court- 
 martial ? 55 “ No / 5 “ The Judge Advocate, who is present in 
 the House, can affirm that.” “ Fie had more feeling than 
 the gentleman who is now examining me, and he permitted 
 me to state that without swearing to it. He knew that I 
 was living with the Duke of York at the time, and that I 
 was a married woman, and the Duke of York a married 
 man. The Duke was not aware that I had not been 
 sworn to the statement of being a widow, and when I 
 applied to him for a few hundreds after our separation, he 
 sent me a message, threatening to have me put into the 
 pillory, or into the Bastile, if I dared to publish any of 
 his letters / 5 Attorney - G eneral ; — “Who brought that 
 message from the Duke to you ? 55 “A very particular friend 
 of the Duke of York 5 s / 5 “ Who ? 55 “ One Taylor, a shoe- 
 
 maker in Bond Street, very well known to Mr. Adam/ 5 * 
 “ By whom did you send the request to the Duke for these 
 few hundreds, to which the Duke sent that answer by 
 Taylor ? 55 “ By my pen . 55 “ How did you send this letter ?” 
 “ By the Ambassador of Morocco . 55 “ What do you mean by 
 the Ambassador of Morocco ? 55 “ Taylor, the ladies’ shoe- 
 maker in Bond Street . 55 
 
 She invariably returned a prompt and keen retort to 
 questions asked solely for the purpose of annoyance. The 
 House listened with evident pleasure “ to the voice of the 
 charmer . 55 Even the grave Wilberforce made these entries 
 
 * W. Adam, Esq., afterwards Chief Baron of Scotland. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 33 ? 
 
 in his diary. u This melancholy business will do irre- 
 parable mischief to public morals, by accustoming the 
 public to hear without emotion shameless violation of 
 decency. The House examining Mrs. Clarke for two 
 hours — cross-examining her in the Old Bailey way, — she 
 elegantly dressed, consummately impudent, and very cle- 
 ver, clearly got the better in the tussle. A number of 
 particulars let out about her life, mother, children, &c.” — • 
 (Wilberforce’s Life, Yol. iii. p. 402 .) And again, u Mrs. 
 Clarke, by fascinating the House, has prevented its de- 
 gradation, by appearing to stifle the inquiry, and take too 
 strong a part with the Duke of York. Curious to see how 
 strongly she has won upon the people/’ — (Yol. iii. p. 403 .) 
 In the course of the proceedings, which lasted nearly two 
 months, Mrs. Clarke had stated that General Clavering 
 had offered her a pecuniary compliment to procure his 
 appointment to one of the new regiments about to be 
 raised. As the levy did not take place, and consequently 
 no money had been paid, the circumstance would have 
 passed unnoticed by the House ; but General Clavering 
 had the folly to obtrude himself as a voluntary witness, 
 and solemnly deny the truth of the allegation. Mrs. 
 Clarke reaffirmed her statement, and confirmed her testi- 
 mony by the production of the Duke of York’s letter in 
 answer to the application. “ Sandgate, August 24 , 1804 . 
 Clavering is mistaken, my angel, in thinking that any new 
 regiments are to be raised ; it is not intended, only second 
 battalions to the existing corps ; you had better, there- 
 fore, tell him so, and that you were sure that there would 
 be no use in applying for him.’’ General Clavering was 
 re-examined, and prevaricated so grossly, that the House 
 committed him to Newgate. Captain Sandon was also 
 committed for prevarication to the same prison. The ex- 
 amination of witnesses at length closed, after an interval 
 of nearly two months. Col. Wardle summed up, and con- 
 
338 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 eluded by moving that the Duke of York had been guilty 
 of corrupt practices and connivance, and praying for his 
 dismissal from the command of the army. Mr. Bankes 
 moved an amendment, acquitting the Duke of York of 
 personal corruption or corrupt connivance, but addressing 
 the King to remove the Duke for gross irregularities and 
 negligence. In a House consisting of nearly 500 Mem- 
 bers, Bankes’s amendment was lost only by 95, at a period 
 when the influence of the Crown was almost paramount. 
 Windham made an admirable and most candid speech. 
 He analysed the proceedings with consummate ability. 
 He said, the House must narrowly examine the evidence 
 of Mrs. Clarke ; she was a partisan. But she had answered 
 every interrogation with frankness and openness, without 
 hesitation, equivocation, or evasion. She was a bad wit- 
 ness giving good testimony. Sometimes, when her parole 
 testimony might seem improbable, she had established it 
 by incontestable written documents. He acquitted the 
 Duke of York of personal corruption or connivance, but 
 considered the irregularities which had been proved required 
 his removal, if not anticipated by his voluntary resignation. 
 He then indignantly animadverted on the conduct of Col. 
 Wardle, in surreptitiously taking many of the documents 
 from Mrs. Clarke’s house against her will and remonstrance. 
 “ It did not make greatly in favour of a cause that it began 
 by a breach of confidence, and that it owed the possession 
 of a main part of its evidence to an act of violence, com- 
 mitted in a house to which admission had been procured 
 upon terms of apparent friendship. This was the state- 
 ment admitted, or not contradicted, by the party. Mrs. 
 Clarke says, that the papers were taken from the table in 
 her presence, and without her consent, and against her 
 consent. If this protest of hers, made at the time, was 
 mere pretence ; if her resistance was merely feigned ; if the 
 whole was a sort of permitted rape, or a little love struggle. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 339 
 
 ‘ Pignus dereptum lacertis, 
 
 Aut digito male pertinaci/* 
 
 he should only observe, that it was not treating the House 
 very respectfully, in a matter pretty important ; if upon 
 such grounds, they were to be made to believe that Mrs. 
 Clarke was an unwilling witness, and entitled to all the 
 additional credit, on one side, which such a character 
 would give her. But if the facts really were as she stated, 
 and as the Honourable Mover did not seem to deny ; if 
 the papers were in truth taken by him from her table, he 
 entering the house as he did, and she protesting bona fide 
 against the proceeding, other gentlemen must think as they 
 liked, but he must declare for his own part, that there was 
 no one article of the charges against the Duke of York, 
 proved or unproved, which he would not rather confess to, 
 than be guilty of the act so described. It was at least a 
 pretty good reason why he should have been shy, as his 
 Honourable Friends were accused of being, of mixing in a 
 cause, of which such an act stood in the front.” 
 
 On the 15th of March, Mr. Perceval moved and carried 
 a resolution, absolving the Duke of York from all personal 
 corruption or criminal connivance. An animated debate 
 ensued. Mr. Windham said, cc He should hear, he must 
 confess, with great delight, that no necessity existed for 
 any further opinion, but that the Royal personage had of 
 himself decided to quit a situation, which he could not 
 hold, with satisfaction to himself, longer than while he 
 could hold it to the general satisfaction of the country. 
 Such a decision could not be construed as admitting in the 
 smallest degree the truth of anything charged against him. 
 
 * The quotation is from Horace ; the whole stanza runs thus : — 
 
 “ Nuncet latentis proditer intimo 
 Gratus puellae risus ab angulo, 
 
 Pignusque dereptum lacertis, 
 
 Aut digito male pertinaci.’' 
 
340 
 
 G1LLRAY*S CARICATURES. 
 
 It was a submission to public opinion. Nothing could do 
 more credit to the feelings of the country, nor at the same 
 time shew more strongly the general purity of the ad- 
 ministration of its affairs, than the commotions excited by 
 any thing that had the appearance even of a departure 
 from that purity. It was a feeling which one could not 
 wish less. A homage paid to such a feeling was no ad- 
 mission of the truth of its application in the particular 
 case.” On the 18th of March, Wilberforce wrote to Lord 
 Muncaster, <e Perceval carried last night his vote of pur- 
 gation, but unless the Duke of York should resign before 
 Monday, I am sanguine in my expectation, that we shall 
 either carry the question for his removal, or for some mea- 
 sure which must lead to it, as to render it prudent for him 
 to take the hint.” — ( Wilberforce’s Life , vol. iii. p. 405.) 
 On the 20th of March, the Chancellor of the Exchequer 
 (Perceval) announced to the House of Commons that the 
 Duke of York had resigned the command of the army.* 
 Lord Althorpe moved “ that the Duke of York having 
 resigned the command of the army,-}* the House does not 
 now think it necessary to proceed any further in the con- 
 sideration of the evidence before the Committee.” Perce- 
 val moved to omit the word u now ,” otherwise proceedings 
 against the Duke might be revived at a future period ; and 
 this amendment was carried. 
 
 The Parliamentary proceedings here closed; but Mrs. 
 Clarke was not yet appeased. She announced for intended 
 publication, Memoirs of her Life, and particularly of her 
 transactions during her connection with the Duke of York, 
 
 * The Duke of Cumberland sent Mr. R. Thornton to Wilberforce to inquire 
 if he intended to take any further proceedings now the Duke of York had 
 resigned. “Thornton says, the Duke of Cumberland told him, the King and 
 all of them were extremely angry with me. Yet what could I do as an honest 
 man ?” — {Wilberforce' s Life, vol. iii. p. 406.) 
 
 f Sir David Dundas was appointed his successor, and held the appoint- 
 ment for two years, and then resigned. The Duke of York was re-appointed, 
 and held the command of the army until his death. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 341 
 
 accompanied with a series of Letters of the Duke of York, 
 and of persons treating with her for preferment. A nego- 
 tiation was opened with her for the suppression of these 
 Memoirs, and said to be concluded on the terms of imme- 
 diate payment of £7000 in cash, and the grant of an 
 annuity of £400 for her life guaranteed to her. All the 
 disgraceful exposures might have been prevented had the 
 Duke paid her the stipulated annuity of £400, for it ap- 
 pears she never once annoyed the Duke until £500 was 
 due to her, and her applications for payment met by scorn 
 and menace. 
 
 353. 
 
 APOTHEOSIS OF THE CORSICAN PHCENIX. 
 
 August Znd) 1808. 
 
 Gillray has placed the following inscription under this 
 print : — ee When the phoenix is tired of life, he builds a 
 nest upon the mountains, and setting it on fire by the 
 wafting of his own wings, he himself perishes in the flames, 
 and from the smoke of his ashes arises a new phoenix to 
 illuminate the world/ 5 
 
 The ancients described this fabulous bird, or bird with 
 fabulous attributes ascribed to it, to be the size of an 
 eagle, its head crested with a beautiful plumage, its neck 
 covered with feathers of gold colour, and its eyes sparkling 
 like stars. It is said to live five or six hundred years, and 
 when it has attained this extreme old age, it builds a pile 
 of sweet wood and aromatic gums, which it sets fire to, 
 and consumes itself in the flames. From its ashes it rises 
 again in lusty youth and invigorated strength. 
 
 A crown is here placed on the head of the Imperial 
 Phoenix, and a ei Cordon d’Honneur” round his neck. He 
 has erected a pile, consisting of the countries of Portugal, 
 Spain, France, Algiers, Africa, & c. and has set fire to it. 
 His sparkling eyes survey with satisfaction the flames in 
 which he is enveloped, and has devoted himself to self- 
 immolation. 
 
342 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 At the top of the print we see him in his renovated form 
 of a dove, bearing an olive-branch in his mouth, and con- 
 veying 44 Peace on earth This print is intended as a 
 satire upon Napoleon’s professions of an ardent wish for a 
 general pacification made at this time. 
 
 354. 
 
 OVERTHROW OF THE REPUBLICAN BABEL. 
 
 May ls£, 1809. 
 
 BOSVILLE. LORD CASTLEREAGH. CANNING. PERCEVAL. 
 
 HORNE TOOKE. WISHART. COBBETT. SIR F. BURDETT. 
 
 ABBOTT. WHITBREAD. LORD TEMPLE. LORD LAUDERDALE. 
 
 MARY ANNE CLARKE. COL. WARDLE. LORD FOLKESTONE. 
 
 Gillray has placed this inscription under the print : — 
 44 And they said, Go to, let us build us a city and a tower, 
 whose top may reach unto heaven, and let us make us a 
 name. But they were scattered abroad upon the face of 
 the earth, and they left off to build the city.” — Genesis, 
 chapter xi. 
 
 The scene is the House of Commons. Speaker Abbott 
 holds in his left hand a roll, inscribed 44 Justice Trium- 
 phant.- — Decisions of the Rt. Hon. the House of Com- 
 mons. — Majority against the Evidence of a Prostitute. — 
 Majority against the Machinations of Republicans and 
 Levellers.” The Speaker wields the mace in his right 
 hand, and is directing blows at the assailants of the Duke 
 of York. Lord Castlereagh, Canning and Perceval are 
 blowing the attacks into the air, and to complete the con- 
 fusion of the assailants, a 44 Royal Water-spout” is descend- 
 ing upon them. Mrs. Clarke is overthrown. A ceinture 
 of 44 Ingratitude” is round her waist. 44 Mrs. A. Clarke’s 
 Old Conjuring Muff is to be sold to the best Bidder ;” her 
 plunder is dropping from her. Col Wardle is upset. His 
 44 Private Reasons” are discovered. In his fall the Colonel 
 has dropped a paper from his hand, entitled, 44 Abuses in 
 the Army Department incontestably proved on the words 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 343 
 
 of a Prostitute and her Paramour,” and his “ Motion for 
 granting Pensions to all Whores and their Maids.” Lord 
 Folkestone in his fall drops his cf Patriotic Harangues,” 
 “ Motions for Kicking up a Row in the House of Com- 
 mons,” and his “ Hints from Cobbett.” A “ Barrel of 
 Mischief” has fallen on the prostrate Whitbread ; 6i Cocus 
 Indicus and Quassia” are issuing out of it. He has dropped 
 his c< Essay upon Political Brewing without Malt or Hops.” 
 Lord Temple has fallen down the “ Broad-Bottom Ladder 
 of Ambition.” “Foolscap Paper for Broad-Bottoms” and 
 Stationery for the Paymaster for attacking the Ministry” 
 are scattered round him. Sir Francis Burdett is tumbling 
 down the “ Republican Ladder of Ambition ;” his fall is 
 eased by the pitchfork of the “ Hampshire Hog Private,” 
 Cobbett. Cobbett himself is standing on the “ Sand-hill 
 of Opposition.” Behind him are ranged Horne Tooke, in 
 the character of Guy Fawkes, with his lantern, Bosville, 
 Wishart holding up “ the Westminster Address,” &c. &c. 
 
 A satire on those who supported Col. Wardle^s charges 
 against the Duke of York in the affair of Mrs. Clarke. 
 The Duke of York might rejoice, but unfortunately had no 
 reason to feel pride at the result of the investigation ; for 
 it must be remembered that the proceedings terminated 
 with a resolution “ that the Duke of York having resigned 
 the command of the army, the House does not think it 
 necessary to proceed any further in the consideration of 
 the evidence before the Committee.” 
 
 355. 
 
 AN OLD ENGLISH GENTLEMAN PESTERED 
 BY SERVANTS WANTING PLACES. 
 
 May 1 6th, 1809. 
 
 LORD H. PETTY. SIR F. BURDETT. COBBETT. TOWNSHEND. 
 WHITBREAD. LORD SIDMOUTH. LORD GRENVILLE. LORD 
 TEMPLE. MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. WINDHAM. LORD 
 
344 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 MOIRA. LORD ERSKINE> GEORGE III. DUKE OF PORT- 
 LAND. LORD GREY. PERCEVAL. TIERNEY. LORD CASTLE- 
 
 RE AGH. CANNING. LORD LIVERPOOL. DUKE OF BEDFORD. 
 
 LORD CARLISLE. LORD ST. VINCENT. DUKE OF NORFOLK. 
 
 The Old English Gentleman (George III.) is surrounded 
 by a host of applicants for places. Lord Grenville, bowing 
 almost to the ground, says, C£ Does your Honour want a 
 steady Broad-Bottom’ d coachman to drive you ?” The 
 Marquis of Buckingham says, 44 We’ll do any thing,” and 
 Earl Temple adds, 44 in any way.” Lord Grey, depicted as 
 a Grey-hound, has his paws on the Duke of Portland, and 
 says, 44 Pray, throw me a bone, — your Grace, — a bone !” 
 The Duke replies, 44 Ha ! ha ! ha ! Throw you a bone ! for 
 what? a bone to a poor silly Grey-hound, that can only 
 yelp, and neither bite, nor keep the French wolf from the 
 door !” Tierney is jogging Perceval’s elbow, and says, 
 44 Pray, Mr. Chancellor P., do speak a word in our favour 
 to his Honour!” Perceval answers, 44 A word in your 
 favour, Mr. T. ! I fear I shall not find a word of that kind 
 in all England.” Sheridan is soliciting Canning, 44 Pray, 
 Mr. Secretary C., has his Honour any wish for our ser- 
 vices ?” Canning : 44 Not the least wish, I believe.” The 
 Duke of Bedford : 44 I can look after your Honour’s estates 
 in Ireland, or take care of your farms at Windsor.” 
 Windham : 44 His Honour don t take any notice of the 
 Civil Speeches I lately made.” Lord Moira: 44 I wish 
 that his Honour would but give a nod this way !” 
 Erskine : “ Ego, I have had my hat in my hand for this 
 fortnight in hopes of an opportunity to make a bow.” 
 Lord Sidmouth, bowing with his hat in his left hand, and 
 a cathartic in his right, says , 44 Pray, your Honour, remem- 
 ber Doctor Slop, your own Apothecary, who physics the 
 French.” Whitbread : 44 If his Honour wants an honest 
 Porter , Pm his man.” By his side lies 44 Sam. Froth his 
 knot, carries any weight in any weather,” &c. &c. The 
 Old Gentleman (George III.) says, 44 Well, Gentlemen, I 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 345 
 
 have taken a peep at you all ; but Pm afraid that you 
 won’t do ; for some of you are too heavy and Broad - 
 Bottom’d, and the rest seem to have no bottom at all ; so, 
 Gentlemen, I think I shall be content with my old ser- 
 vants.” 
 
 356 . 
 
 THE INTRODUCTION OF THE POPE TO THE 
 CONVOCATION AT OXFORD, BY THE CAR- 
 DINAL BROAD-BOTTOM. 
 
 December 1st, 1809 . 
 
 MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. CANNING. LORD GREY. 
 
 LORD GRENVILLE. NAPOLEON. LORD TEMPLE. 
 
 Gillray has affixed this inscription over the print : — 
 “Golgotha, or the Place of Skulls.” 
 
 The Oxford Convocation has assembled to elect a 
 Chancellor. Lord Grenville, habited as a Cardinal, is pre- 
 senting the “ Catholic Petition for the vacant Chancellor- 
 ship, with a Plan for erecting a new Popish Sanhedrim, on 
 the ruins of old Alma Mater.” The Pope, arrayed in his 
 pontificals, has his tiara on his head, his right hand holds 
 his crosier, his left holds up the train of Cardinal Broad- 
 Bottom (Lord Grenville). Buonaparte is seen secreted 
 under the Pope’s robe. The person to whom Lord Gren- 
 ville presents the petition leads a “ Popish Greyhound” 
 (Lord Grey) in a string ; he receives the petition cour- 
 teously, and says, “ Well done, my children, this is all the 
 Convocation I would have.” This person’s mask being a 
 little drawn aside, the Author of all Evil is discovered. 
 The Marquis of Buckingham, habited as an ecclesiastic, 
 holds up the devil’s tail. The Archbishop of York has the 
 “ York Mass Book” open before him. The Bishops of 
 London, St. Asaph, Oxford and Norwich have the “ Mass 
 Book” of their respective dioceses before them ; intended 
 
346 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 to indicate that they are about to vote for Lord Grenville 
 All the ecclesiastics are in full canonicals ; some of the 
 minor dignitaries have mass-books in their hands, others 
 have skull-caps. Lord Temple, looking like a jolly 
 priest, carries the cup, containing the consecrated wafer ; 
 the figure next him carries a lighted torch. 
 
 The Duke of Portland’s death on the 30th of October, 
 1809, caused a vacancy in the Chancellorship of the Uni- 
 versity of Oxford. The choice of his successor excited, on 
 this occasion, intense interest, not only in the University, 
 but throughout the Kingdom. Lord Grenville announced 
 himself as a candidate for the honour ; a delegation from 
 numerous Members of the University invited Lord Eldon 
 to allow himself to be put into nomination ; and another 
 deputation invited the Duke of Beaufort. Lord Grenville’s 
 literary attainments seemed to point him out as the best 
 qualified to preside over a learned body. He was not only 
 eminently skilled in the learning of Greece and Rome ; but 
 his attainments in general literature were of a high order. 
 Lord Eldon was one of the most distinguished Chancellors 
 who had ever filled the marble chair; but, immersed in 
 the active duties of a professional life, he had neglected 
 literature for the severer studies of the law. The only pre- 
 tension of the Duke of Beaufort was his elevated rank. 
 Lord Eldon, however, contrived to give the contest a poli- 
 tical character. He always endeavoured to persuade him- 
 self and the public that his own personal interests were 
 bound up with those of the Church and State ; his defeat 
 would be the immediate precursor of Catholic Emancipa- 
 tion, — his success would be the confirmation and security 
 of the Protestant interest. He wrote to his brother, Sir 
 W. Scott : — “ If principles of such importance as those 
 upon which the request to me has been put are really at 
 issue, I wish the request had been made to some person 
 of higher character and consequence in the State ; and 
 though I should never have thought of offering myself to 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 347 
 
 n contest , in which disappointment must affect my family as 
 long as my name shall he remembered, I could not possibly 
 avoid compliance with that request which has been ad- 
 dressed to me.” — ( Twisss Life of Eldon , Yol. ii. p. 109.) 
 
 He endeavoured to instil these sentiments into the 
 King’s mind. He writes to Sir W. Scott : “ The King to- 
 day said it would be hard if Cambridge had a Unitarian 
 Chancellor,* and Oxford a Popish one.” The election of 
 Chancellor was fixed for the 13th and 1 4th of December. 
 Every nerve was now strained to secure the contested dig- 
 nity. We shall extract the following paragraph from the 
 Oxford Herald of December 16th. “ The election has ex- 
 
 cited more interest than any that has preceded it in the 
 recollection of the oldest Member of the University. Votes 
 came from the remotest parts of the Kingdom, all the car- 
 riages and horses to a considerable distance were engaged, 
 and every inn was filled. The Undergraduates having left 
 the University previous to the commencement of the elec- 
 tion, most of the non-resident electors were supplied with 
 rooms in the Colleges.” And the annexed communication 
 was furnished to the Oxford Herald of December 23rd by 
 an Academic correspondent : — 
 
 ce The casting-up the numbers and the scrutiny occupied 
 above two hours, and was a stage of the election full of 
 suspense and expectation. 
 
 “ The order in which the three candidates were first 
 mentioned was determined by their respective rank ; yet an 
 idea had prevailed that the name of the successful candidate 
 would be the first pronounced. From this misconception 
 it happened, that Lord Eldon’s name, as Chancellor of 
 
 * Henry Duke of Grafton, who had been Prime Minister, and is “ damned 
 to everlasting fame” by the Letters of Junius. He became a convert to Uni- 
 tarianism, and attended Dr. Lindsey’s chapel in Essex Street. He left a 
 manuscript memoir of his conversion, which his son, the late Duke, committed 
 to the flames. He also left a Memoir of his Political Life, which is in the 
 possession of the present Duke, who permitted Sir Denis Le Marchant to 
 make extracts from it, which are printed in the Appendix to vol. iv. of 
 Walpole’s Memoirs of George the Third, p. 376 — 423. 
 
348 gillray’s CxVricatures. 
 
 England, being first in the list, a momentary persuasion 
 was entertained that his Lordship had the majority of 
 votes, and his friends had begun to testify their joy. But 
 when their names were read over a second time, in order 
 to declare the numbers, Lord Grenville’s was called the 
 first, a precedence which signified his legitimate election. 
 A loud shout instantly burst forth from the friends of the 
 Chancellor elect. This sudden expression of feelings at 
 success in a great object is too natural a circumstance to 
 be marked by any severity of censure, but in the present 
 instance, considering the place where it was shewn, it was 
 perhaps a little inconsistent with the decorum of an Aca- 
 demical body.” 
 
 The following were the numbers declared at the con- 
 clusion of the election : — 
 
 Lord Grenville . . 406 
 
 Lord Eldon . . . 393 
 
 Duke of Beaufort . . 288 
 
 The number who voted amounted to 1087* and the 
 whole who had a right to vote amounted only to 1274. 
 There remained, therefore, only 187 # persons who did not 
 vote on this occasion. All the Bishops, who had a vote 
 for the election of Chancellor in the University of Oxford, 
 voted for Lord Grenville, except two who voted for Lord 
 Eldon. 
 
 Lord Eldon was grievously disappointed at the result. 
 He complained “ that he had been sacrificed to a Fox- 
 hunting Duke,” and even in a letter to Sir William Scott, 
 doubts whether he may not feel himself compelled to 
 resign the Great Seal. What shall we say to the absurdity 
 of such a declaration ? In speaking of so great a man as 
 Lord Eldon, we will only call it extraordinary self-delusion, 
 but we may be sure that he never seriously contemplated 
 for a moment the resignation of the Great Seal. He held 
 it 66 digito pertinaci,” until the dissolution of the Adminis- 
 tration by the death of Lord Liverpool. 
 
 * Of these 187 persons some no doubt paired off. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 349 
 
 357. 
 
 TRUE REFORM OF PARLIAMENT, i. e. PA- 
 TRIOTS LIGHTING A REVOLUTIONARY BON- 
 FIRE IN NEW PALACE YARD. June 14 th, 1809. 
 
 COL. WARDLE. COBBETT. LORD FOLKESTONE. COUNSELLOR 
 CLIFFORD. BOSYILLE. HORNE TOOKE. WHITBREAD. 
 GRATTAN. SIR F. BURDETT. LORD TEMPLE. MAROUIS 
 OF BUCKINGHAM. 
 
 The Parliamentary Reformers, assembled in New Palace 
 Yard, are about to sacrifice a hecatomb of the Ancient 
 Laws and Constitution of England. Sir Francis Burdett 
 is addressing the assembled patriots, previous to the fiery 
 celebration. He tells them, that “ it is only in the House 
 of Commons that the people of England are spoken of 
 with contempt and calumniated. Can things be remedied 
 by Bills? No ! it must be by an honest House of Com- 
 mons. What is the use of Magna Charta, Habeas Corpus, 
 or the Bill of Rights ?” Below him is seen the “ Resolu- 
 tion of the Whig Club, that it is the decided opinion of 
 this Club, that no substantial and permanent good can be 
 derived by the country, from any change of Ministry, 
 unless accompanied by an entire change of system, ac- 
 complished by an entire Reform of the Parliament.” 
 Whitbread is bringing on his shoulder, w Pro Bono Pub- 
 lico, a well-pitched old beer-barrel to crown the bonfire.” 
 It is painted “ Whitbread^s Entire.” He empties out of 
 it into the Revolutionary Bonfire, “ Respect to the Crown,” 
 “ Rules and Orders of the House of Commons,” and 
 “ Dignities of the House of Lords.” Horne Tooke, de- 
 picted as Guy Fawkes, has the lighted “ Torch of Sedi- 
 tion” in his right hand, and a dark lantern in his left. 
 He is setting fire to the ee Rights of the House of Bruns- 
 wick to the Throne,” to 4 4 Magna Charta,” to the ee Bill of 
 Rights/’ “ Habeas Corpus,” &c. Bosville is by his side, 
 
350 
 
 gillray 5 s caricatures. 
 
 conveying to the flames the 44 Act against Fomenting 
 Treasons. 55 Lord Folkestone is preparing to burn the 
 44 Act against Seditious Meetings,” and the “Act against 
 Bribery and Corruption.” Col. Wardle is seated on the 
 right side of Lord Folkestone; he is preparing to consign 
 to the conflagration the 44 Act against Defaming the Royal 
 Family/ 5 and Grattan is destining to the same fate the 
 44 Act of Union between Great Britain and Ireland/ 5 and 
 the Law against Irish Rebels. Cobbett is holding up to 
 view on a pitchfork, 44 Elements of Reform, by W. Cob- 
 bett, the Hampshire-Hog Reformer/’ Clifford, the O.P. 
 barrister, is preparing to throw into the Revolutionary 
 Bonfire, the 44 Laws of England/ 5 44 Penal Statutes/ 5 and 
 44 Trial by Jury. 55 
 
 Two of the Broad-Bottoms, Lord Temple and the Mar- 
 quis of Buckingham, are slinking away alarmed at the 
 progress of the measures they had secretly encouraged. 
 Lord Temple says, 44 Come away, brother Broad-Bottom, 
 come away. 55 The Marquis replies, 44 Ay, they may want 
 to reform our pockets, perhaps.” In the Marquis’s left 
 pocket is a list of 44 Exchequer Pickings, 55 * and in his 
 right hand pocket 44 Family Pickings. 55 
 
 358. 
 
 THE LIFE OF WILLIAM COBBETT, Written by 
 
 Himself. (Plate 1.) September 29th } 1809. 
 
 This series of bitter satirical prints against the grand 
 radical of the day are parodies on the autobiographical 
 sketch in his own Register, published during this year. 
 They need little further explanation than that given in the 
 inscriptions beneath each plate, the first of which repre- 
 sents the pretended amusements of his childhood. 
 
 The Marquis of Buckingham was a Teller of the Exchequer. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 351 
 
 359 . 
 
 THE LIFE OF WILLIAM COBBETT, Written 
 by Himself. (Plate 2 .) September 29th, 1809 . 
 
 The second represents him flying from the embarrass- 
 ments into which he had run himself at home, and enlist- 
 ing for a soldier. 
 
 360 . 
 
 THE LIFE OF WILLIAM COBBETT, Written 
 by Himself. (Plate 3 .) September 29th, 1809 . 
 
 Cobbett’s exploits as a corporal. 
 
 361 . 
 
 THE LIFE OF WILLIAM COBBETT, Written 
 by Himself. (Plate 4 .) September 29th , 1809 . 
 
 His delinquencies as sergeant-major. 
 
 362 . 
 
 THE LIFE OF WILLIAM COBBETT, Written 
 by Himself. (Plate 5 .) September 29th, 1809 . 
 
 He obtains his discharge, returns to England, and ac- 
 cuses his officers. 
 
 363 . 
 
 THE LIFE OF WILLIAM COBBETT, Written 
 by Himself. (Plate 6 .) September 29th, 1809 . 
 
 His flight to America. 
 
 2 a 
 
352 
 
 GILLRA Y*S CARICATURES. 
 
 364. 
 
 THE LIFE OF WILLIAM COBBETT, Written by 
 Himself. (Plate 7*) September 29 th } 1809, 
 
 SIR F. BURDETT. BOSYILLE. CLIFFORD. 
 
 HORNE TOOKE. COBBETT. 
 
 He returns to England, and plots against the Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 365. 
 
 THE LIFE OF WILLIAM COBBETT, Written 
 
 by Himself. (Plate 8.) September 29 th, 1809. 
 
 The denouement of this eventful history. 
 
 Cobbett was unquestionably one of the ablest political 
 writers of his age. He commenced his career as a political 
 writer, under the signature of Peter Porcupine, in America, 
 about the period of the breaking out of the war of the 
 French Revolution. We believe his first publication was 
 an answer to an address of Dr. Priestley to the Americans, 
 in which the Doctor represented himself as a martyr in 
 the cause of civil and religious liberty, come to lay his 
 bones in their land of freedom. There was at this time 
 a numerous party in America enamoured of the principles 
 of the French Revolution, and perhaps grateful for the 
 services rendered to their country by the French during 
 the American War. These men incessantly laboured to 
 animate their country against England. Cobbett opposed 
 the speakers and writers of this anti-English party with 
 energy and effect, and upheld the rights, interests and 
 character of his country, with so much ability and success, 
 that Windham did not hesitate to declare in the British 
 Parliament, “ he deserved a statue of gold” for his 
 services. Prosecutions, however, were commenced against 
 him in America, and to avoid the consequences of an un- 
 favourable result he returned to his native country. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 353 
 
 He arrived in England with very slender resources, but 
 the fame of Peter Porcupine had preceded him. He 
 opened a bookseller’s shop in Pall Mall, and set up a daily 
 newspaper called “ The Porcupine ;” this was discontinued 
 in a few months : it is a very different thing to write an 
 occasional political essay, or to supply the leaders of a 
 daily paper. The booksellers shop was soon closed ; 
 Cobbett was not calculated to endure the confinement of 
 a retail shop, nor had he either capital, or knowledge of 
 the taste and literary wants of the public, to conduct either 
 a retail or wholesale bookselling business. He hit on the 
 happy expedient of publishing his “ Weekly Political 
 Register.” 
 
 He was now in his element. No one, since the time of 
 Swift, ever addressed himself more effectively to the com- 
 mon sense of the people ; he stripped every subject of 
 technicalities, and placed every topic within the sphere of 
 their apprehension. They who would not have appre- 
 hended the meaning of the suspension of the Habeas Cor- 
 pus Act, readily comprehended the suspension of “the 
 Personal Security Act.” He elucidated the most compli- 
 cated subject, as, for instance, the monetary system, or, 
 as he called it, “ Paper against Gold,” with marvellous 
 simplicity and perspicuity, and subjects, hitherto supposed 
 to be only intelligible to political economists, were rendered 
 familiar topics oi conversation. 
 
 The Peace of Amiens afforded ample opportunities for 
 the display of Cobbett’s political powers. He analysed 
 every article of the treaty with extraordinary ability, and 
 pointed out to public indignation the sacrifices made by 
 the preliminaries of peace. The reputation of his Weekly 
 Register was now firmly established, and its circulation 
 widely extended. His politics were entirely changed. He 
 became the champion of democracy, and the assailant of 
 every Administration. Politicians of every shade felt a 
 deep interest in the publication ; this was not a little en- 
 
 2 a 2 
 
354 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 hanced by the intrepidity of his assertions, his caustic 
 satire, and the unrestrained personalities and invectives in 
 which he indulged. Every one took in his Register, for 
 every one expected to see a friend or connection satirised. 
 The spleen of many was gratified, all were amused. Lord 
 Eldon seems to have been particularly annoyed at the ex- 
 tensive circulation of the Register, even among his own 
 friends, and complained that the Attorney-General did 
 not prosecute it. He wrote to Sir William Scott : <c As 
 to the prosecution of the Morning Chronicle, and as to 
 your friend Cobb?tt , I know what I should have done as 
 to those publications long ago, if I had been Attorney- 
 General ; but it seems to me that ever since my time it has 
 been thought right to leave the Government character and 
 individual character without the protection of the law 
 enforced, because I had proved* its efficacy, when it was 
 called into exertion.” — “ As to Cobbett , I am quite out of 
 patience about those who will take in his paper ; but I 
 observe that all my friends, in short every body one knows , 
 abuse him , but enjoy his abuse , till he taps at their own door, 
 and then they do not like the noise he makes — not a bit 
 of it.” — (Twiss’s Life of Lord Eldon , Vol. ii. p. 107, 8.) 
 
 At length, however, in his Register of July 10, 1809, 
 Cobbett published animadversions on the flogging of some 
 local militia men in the Isle of Ely, and on the punish- 
 ment being inflicted by soldiers of a German Regiment 
 
 * We are surprised Lord Eldon should plume himself on his political pro- 
 secutions. He twice filed informations against Mr. Perry, the proprietor of 
 the Morning Chronicle, and in both instances was defeated by the verdict of 
 the jury. He had no reason to pride himself on the result of the trials of 
 Hardy, Horne Tooke, and Thelwall for high treason. His obstinate perse- 
 verance in the trials of Horne Tooke and Thelwall after the acquittal of Hardy 
 is now generally condemned. He could not feel flattered by Burke’s significant 
 question in reference to them : “ How comes it, that in all the state prosecu- 
 tions of magnitude, from the Revolution to within these two or three years, 
 the Crown has scarcely ever retired disgraced and defeated from its Courts ?” 
 — ( Bur/ce’s first Letter on a Regicide Peace , 1796.) 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 355 
 
 stationed there. This he represented to be an indignity 
 to the English character. If the punishment were to be 
 inflicted, it ought to have been by their own countrymen, 
 and the backs of Englishmen ought not to have been pro- 
 faned by the stripes of foreigners. The Attorney-General 
 (Sir Vicary Gibbs) prosecuted the paper as a libel, calcu- 
 lated to excite mutiny in the army. Cobbett was found 
 guilty by the jury. He perceived at once the very serious 
 situation in which he was placed ; he recollected his ener- 
 getic attack on Lord Ellenborougffis appointment to a 
 seat in the Cabinet, and dreaded the vindictive character 
 of that political judge, whose influence would chiefly de- 
 termine the amount of his punishment. He therefore 
 endeavoured to negotiate with the Government, and en- 
 gaged. the good offices of Mr. Reeves,* the celebrated 
 Chairman of the Crown and Anchor Loyal Association, to 
 propose that he should not be brought up for judgment, 
 and that, in consideration of this, he should bind himself 
 to discontinue the Weekly Register, and abstain from all 
 political writing. Sir Vicary Gibbs and the Government 
 were inexorable. He was brought up for judgment, and 
 sentenced to be imprisoned two years in Newgate, and to 
 pay a fine of £1000. The sentence was astounding. It 
 had too much the appearance of vindictiveness. Either 
 the long imprisonment, or the heavy fine might have satis- 
 fied the offended majesty of the law. 
 
 The publication of the Register was continued, and 
 
 * Mr. Reeves’s admiration of the patriotic writings of Peter Porcupine 
 induced him to seek Cobbett’s acquaintance on his arrival in England. They 
 were mutually pleased with each other, and their acquaintance ripened into 
 friendship. It is to their mutual credit that subsequent differences in politics 
 did not dissever their friendship. Cobbett could not have chosen a nego- 
 tiator more likely to have accomplished his object. But the Government had 
 him now in their power, and were determined to make an example of him. 
 Perhaps, too, they might think that any compromise would be attributed to 
 political cowardice. We have already given an account of Mr. Reeves’s ultra- 
 Tory pamphlet, for which he was prosecuted. See page 71. 
 
356 
 
 GILLRAy’s CARICATURES. 
 
 lasted thirty-three years from its original commencement. 
 At the first general election after the passing of the Reform 
 Bill, Cobbett was elected Member for Oldham. His Par- 
 liamentary efforts disappointed the expectations of his 
 enthusiastic admirers. His rival in notoriety, Hunt, dis- 
 played more talent for public speaking. Cobbett died, 
 June 18th, 1835. 
 
 366, 
 
 TENTANDA VIA EST QUA ME QUOQUE POSSIM 
 
 TOLLEKE HUMO. Virgilii Georg . 
 
 He steers his flight 
 Aloft, incumbent on the dusky air 
 That felt unusual weight. 
 
 August 8 thy 1810. 
 
 MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. MARQUIS OF STAFFORD. WINDHAM. 
 
 FOX. LORD GRENVILLE. LORD TEMPLE. LORD HENRY PETTY. 
 
 ARCHBISHOP OF YORK. BISHOP OF LONDON. SIR WATKIN 
 
 W. WINN. DUKE OF BEDFORD t SHERIDAN. LORD GREY. 
 
 WHITBREAD. LORD SIDMOUTH. REV. W. CROWE. 
 
 This print of Lord Grenville’s Installation is intended 
 as a companion to that of his Election, No. 356. Lord 
 Grenville, seated in a balloon, is ascending into the air. 
 He is attired in his Chancellor’s gown, with a crucifix on 
 his back. During his upward flight he has thrown away 
 his Cardinal’s hat, rosary and mitre, and placed a tiara on 
 his head. In his aerial progress he drops from the bal- 
 loon “ A letter to the Earl of Fingal “ Liber Valorum” 
 (or. Account of the value of benefices, with precedents for 
 presentations, inductions, &c.) On the upper part of the 
 balloon on minute inspection may be seen a face of a per- 
 son, whose hand extends round the balloon, and drops 
 promises among the Members of the Convocation. This is 
 
 * Lord Grenville published, in 1810, a Letter to the Earl of Fingal, on the 
 subject of Catholic Emancipation. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 357 
 
 probably meant for Dr. Hodgson, Principal of Brazennose 
 College, who was an active canvasser for Lord Grenville, 
 and was said to have procured for him more votes than 
 any other person. The Marquisses of Buckingham and 
 Stafford are contemplating the passing scene from the 
 windows of the Oxford Theatre. Fox, metamorphosed 
 into a bird, is blowing with all his might to aid the ascent 
 of the balloon. Windham is entering the door of the Con- 
 vocation, to which is affixed : “ Ordered that no Doctor of 
 Laws be admitted without Bag Wig.” The u Liber Regis” 
 (or, Value of Livings in the King’s Books, with precedents 
 for presentations, &c.), Oxford edition, is affixed to the 
 entrance. Three Bishops, mounted upon asses, are bestow- 
 ing benedictions on the Chancellor, and endeavouring to 
 grasp hold of the descending Cardinal’s hat. The Arch- 
 bishop of York is drawn in his state carriage, and is cheered 
 as he approaches. (The Archbishop had voted for Lord 
 Grenville.) Sir Watkin Williams Winn and his two bro- 
 thers are hurrahing in an open chaise drawn by Welsh 
 goats. Sheridan has doffed his harlequin’s jacket and 
 wand. He is putting his hand to his head in despair. 
 Annexed to his harlequin’s wand is a notice, ee Lost, sup- 
 posed to be stolen, a Doctor of Laws’ new red Gown and 
 Bag Wig.” This alludes to a joke circulated at the time, 
 that Sheridan would have had the degree of Doctor of Laws 
 conferred on him, but he could not raise the money to 
 purchase a gown. Lord Henry Petty, in an academic 
 gown and wig, with a chimney-sweeper’s brush and shovel 
 in his hands, is dancing merrily. Crowe, the public ora- 
 tor, has fallen asleep. A pot of (i Whitbread’s Entire” 
 has dropt from him ; on the floor by his side is his aca- 
 demic cap, and ee Oratio Croweiana a dog’s hinder legs 
 are on the oration, and he is paying it the same compli- 
 ment, as Hogarth’s dog paid to Churchill’s Poetical Epistle 
 to his master. Behind the public orator is a stone, in- 
 scribed “ Miles from Oxford to Rome,” and a blank is left 
 
358 
 
 gtllray’s caricatures. 
 
 before “ Miles/ 5 as if the Popish proceeding of the Con- 
 vocation in electing Lord Grenville had left it doubtful 
 how much the distance had been already shortened. Under 
 the balloon is seen a Broad- Bottomed elephant, with a 
 man’s face, intended for Lord Grenville. Over his den 
 is inscribed, 6C Wonder of the World — the biggest Flying 
 Elephant in the whole Fair.” 
 
 We shall now proceed to give a short account of the 
 installation of Lord Grenville, which took place on the 3rd 
 of July, 1810. The uninitiated in the ceremonials of the 
 University of Oxford may naturally suppose that this was 
 a day exclusively or especially dedicated to the installation 
 of the newly elected Chancellor into office. This, however, 
 is a popular error. The following is the account of the 
 ceremony of installation given by the intelligent Academic 
 correspondent of the Oxford Herald of December 23rd, 
 1809, to whom we were indebted for some interesting par- 
 ticulars respecting Lord Grenville’s election.* “ The 
 form of investiture is generally conducted by a delegacy, 
 which is privately received ; and this is properly the installa- 
 tion , though the same term is applied to the Commemora- 
 tion at the ensuing Act, when the new Chancellor first 
 takes the chair of the University.” 
 
 The Commemoration is always an attractive spectacle 
 and scene of gaiety and festivity at Oxford. It was pre- 
 eminently so on the present occasion, which combined the 
 double celebration of the Commemoration and Installa- 
 tion. Seventeen years had elapsed since the Installation of 
 the Duke of Portland ; the charm of novelty was therefore 
 added to most of the spectators. Lord Grenville arrived 
 in a private manner at Oxford on the night of the 2nd of 
 July, and took up his residence at Balliol, the College of 
 the Vice-Chancellor, as is usual. The next morning Lord 
 Grenville, attended by the University officials, went in 
 grand procession to the Convocation, and was conducted 
 * See page 347. 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 359 
 
 to the Chancellor’s chair. The degree of Doctor of Laws 
 was conferred on the Marquis of Buckingham, Earl Jersey, 
 several of the nobility, on the Right Hon. George Tierney, 
 and other distinguished public and literary characters. It 
 is needless to enter minutely into the details of the pro- 
 ceedings ; we shall confine ourselves to noticing the speech 
 of the public orator, the Rev. Wm. Crowe. It was com- 
 posed in very elegant Latin. The following is a translated 
 extract from it. After commemorating the virtues and 
 munificence of the most distinguished Chancellors and other 
 benefactors, from the earliest periods, he turned to the 
 Chancellor, and said: “ I have not hesitated to celebrate 
 the munificence of other Chancellors in your presence, for 
 I am not apprehensive that my speech can be misinter- 
 preted so far as that any should think I have a design to 
 stimulate you to acts of bounty by this recital of the 
 bounty of others. Your good-will to the University is 
 already well known, and she has proofs of your liberality, 
 for instance, in the new annual prize.* Other acts I 
 could willingly mention, but this is not the season. Envy 
 is too often the attendant upon virtue, and death alone 
 can extinguish it. It is not till then that virtue has her 
 due reward. The age to come will not fail to give you 
 most ample praise. But may you long live to preside 
 over us, and may that day be far distant, when your 
 praises will be heard without envy ! This is the wish of 
 all who wish well to our University.” 
 
 We have stated that the Chancellor’s procession to the 
 Convocation was headed by the University officials; one, 
 indeed, was absent ; the procession was not graced by the 
 presence of the High Steward. The office of High Steward 
 is the second in dignity in the University; if was held by 
 Lord Eldon ; he knew and felt it was his duty to attend 
 the ceremonial. He wrote to Sir William Scott; “ As to 
 
 * Lord Grenville had founded an annual prize for the best composition in 
 Latin prose. 
 
360 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 what I am to do about the High Stewardship, I am willing 
 to pause ; but upon looking into the Statutes , and my oath 
 of office , I may be called upon to do what I never will do. 
 The short result seems to me to be, and perhaps the best 
 result, that a few weeks will send me to dear Encombe as 
 a resting-place between vexation and the grave/’ Surely 
 this was an indication of a littleness of mind, and a mise- 
 rable exhibition of party feeling and personal mortification 
 unworthy of Lord Eldon, and extraordinary in a Lord 
 Chancellor, for it is the usual practice for a retiring or 
 dismissed Lord Chancellor to attend his successor into the 
 Court of Chancery on the first day of the new Chancellor’s 
 taking his seat in the Court. He ought to have resigned 
 his office or discharged its duties. If he felt that he could 
 not conscientiously attend the installation of a nobleman 
 who had advocated Catholic Emancipation, how did he 
 reconcile to himself his attendance on the installation of 
 the Duke of Wellington, who had carried the question? 
 He then received the marked plaudits, which were so 
 justly due to his distinguished attainments, and his pre- 
 sence would have been equally greeted on the former 
 occasion, and perhaps even more enthusiastically, because 
 his attendance would have been considered a respectful 
 discharge of a painful duty he owed to his Alma Mater. 
 On the death of Lord Grenville, Lord Eldon wrote to his 
 daughter, Lady E. J. Bankes : “I take it, the Duke of 
 Wellington will certainly be the Chancellor of Oxford. It 
 is singular that the warmest supporters of the author of 
 the Roman Catholic Bill, seem to be those who, on account 
 of that anti- Protestant measure, threw out Peel from his 
 situation of M.P.” — ( Iwiss’s Life of Lord LJldon, Vol. ii. 
 p. 218 .) Lord Sid mouth and other friends wrote to him 
 to assure him that, if he offered himself for the vacant 
 Chancellorship, it was almost certain he would be elected 
 without opposition ; but he replied with becoming dignity 
 that “ should he thus late in life be elected to this office, 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 361 
 
 it would under the circumstances add comparatively but 
 little honour to one who had held the Great Seal for nearly 
 a quarter of a century.” Lord Eldon died January 13, 1 838. 
 
 The newly elected Chancellor William Wyndham Lord 
 Grenville was born Oct. 25, 1759. He was the third son 
 of the Right Hon. George Grenville, formerly Prime 
 Minister, and author of the disastrous Stamp Act, which 
 caused the American War, and the loss of our North 
 American colonies. He was educated at Eton ; he took a 
 prominent part in the rebellion under Doctor Foster, and 
 shortly afterwards removed to Christ Church, Oxford. 
 Here he pursued his studies with untiring application. 
 His contemporaries predicted his future eminence. In 
 1779 he gained the Chancellor’s prize for a composition in 
 Latin verse ; the subject was “ Vis Electrica.” On quit- 
 ting Oxford he entered his name as a student at one of 
 the Inns of Court, and intended to follow the law as a pro- 
 fession. A more alluring prospect soon opened to his 
 view. In February, 1782, he was elected Member for 
 Buckingham, and in the September following, his eldest 
 brother, Earl Temple, being appointed Lord- Lieutenant 
 of Ireland, Mr. William Grenville became his private Secre- 
 tary, and continued to discharge the duties of that office 
 until June, 1783, when a change of Ministry took place. 
 Mr. Pitt became Prime Minister in December, 1783. 
 Mr. Grenville was appointed Paymaster of the Forces. 
 From his entrance into Parliament his attention to his Par- 
 liamentary duties, and subsequently to those of the various 
 offices he filled, was unremitting. He exhibited the same 
 perseverance, diligence and methodical habits, which had 
 formed prominent features in the character of his father. 
 He soon became an able debater, and a valuable coadjutor 
 of his friend and relative, Mr. Pitt. On the 5th of Janu- 
 ary, 1789, he was elected Speaker* of the House of Com- 
 
 * He was one of tlie youngest persons who ever filled the Speaker’s chair, 
 being little more than 29 years of age. 
 
362 
 
 GILLRAY ? S CARICATURES. 
 
 mons on the death of Speaker Cornwall, and in four months 
 afterwards was appointed Secretary of State for the Home 
 Department. On the 25th of November, 1790, he was 
 created a Peer, in order to take the Ministerial lead in the 
 House of Lords, for Lord Thurlow had become imprac- 
 ticable. In May, 1791, he became Secretary of State for 
 the Foreign Department, and continued in that office until 
 the dissolution of Mr. Pitt’s first Administration. In 
 1795 he obtained the lucrative office of Auditor of the 
 Exchequer, now abolished, but which was then held for 
 life. He warmly condemned the Peace of Amiens, as sacri- 
 ficing some of the best interests of this country. This led 
 him into opposition to the Addington Administration, and 
 eventually to a co-operation with Fox. On Mr. Pitt’s 
 return to power, Lord Grenville was invited to resume 
 office, but he peremptorily refused to do so without Mr. 
 Fox, to whom he considered himself bound in honour, 
 though not by engagement. He now became the vigorous 
 opponent of Pitt. On the death of that Minister the Fox and 
 Grenville Administration was formed in February, 1806. 
 Mr. Fox died in the September of the same year. The 
 Administration was dismissed in March, 1807 5 as we have 
 stated in a previous article. Overtures were made to Lord 
 Grenville at the time of the Regency, on the death of Per- 
 ceval and on the resignations of Canning and Lord Castle- 
 reagh, in 1812, but they terminated unsuccessfully. He 
 considered the acceptance of office with an implied condi- 
 tion of not supporting Catholic Emancipation, would have 
 been the dereliction of a great constitutional principle. 
 
 Lord Grenville’s name stands high among the Parlia- 
 mentary orators of his time. In the House of Lords he 
 was only second to Lord Grey. His speeches abounded 
 in information. He was always master of the subject on 
 which he addressed the House. His diction was elegant, 
 his elocution ready, he never hesitated for a word ; his 
 manner was dignified, but generally too cold, formal, and un- 
 
POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
 363 
 
 varied to give due effect to the important matter contained 
 in his addresses. He wanted the fire, spirit and indignant 
 sarcasm which glowed in the speeches of Lord Grey, and 
 the graceful delivery which gave additional force to them. 
 But, perhaps, no one ever heard Lord Grenville on a com- 
 plex or important question without acquiring information ; 
 he must have often carried conviction to his compeers, 
 when he could not secure their suffrages. 
 
 From the time of Lord Grenville^s retirement from Par- 
 liament, he lived entirely at his seat at Dropmore, near 
 Windsor, where he expended large sums in laying-out and 
 ornamenting the grounds. He devoted himself to literary 
 pursuits. In 1810 he privately printed a volume in quarto, 
 consisting of his own literary compositions and translations 
 in Greek, Latin and Italian, entitled, “Nugas Metricae.” 
 In the year 1800, in conjunction with his brothers the 
 Marquis of Buckingham and the Right Hon. Thomas 
 Grenville, he had caused an edition of the Iliad and Odys- 
 sey of his favourite Homer to be printed at the Clarendon 
 Press, Oxford, and engaged Porson to subjoin a collation 
 of the Harleian manuscript of the Odyssey in the British 
 Museum. The large paper copies were never sold, only 
 presented to their friends. They are highly prized by 
 collectors for the beauty of the typography and accuracy 
 of the text. In 1806 Lord Grenville edited the letters of 
 Lord Chatham to his nephew Thomas Pitt, afterwards 
 created Lord Camelford. In 1828 he published a pam- 
 phlet on the supposed direct advantages of the Sinking 
 Fund. He contended that the only real Sinking Fund is 
 that which is supported by a surplus revenue. This was 
 announced as the commencement of a work, but the con- 
 tinuation never appeared. In 1829, in a pamphlet entitled 
 Oxford and Locke, he defended the University of Oxford 
 from the charge of having expelled Locke, against the 
 aspersions of Dugald Stewart. 
 
364 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 In the year 1829 , Lord Grenville had the satisfaction to 
 see Catholic Emancipation, for which he had made so 
 many sacrifices, carried by the combined intelligence and 
 commanding influence of the Duke of Wellington and 
 Sir Robert Peel. He died January 12th, 1834 , in the 75th 
 year of his age. 
 
 END OF THE POLITICAL SERIES. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 SATIRES ON PERSONS AND MANNERS, 
 Plates 367 to 582. 
 
 367. 
 
 LES PLAISIRS DU MENAGE. Aug. 1st, 1781. 
 
 This print is chiefly interesting as being one of Gillray’ s 
 earlier productions, before his style of caricaturing had 
 become formed. The catch it illustrated is said to have 
 been — 
 
 “ Give me the sweet delights of life, 
 
 A smoky house, a failing trade, 
 
 Six squalling brats, and a scolding jade.”* 
 
 368. 
 
 GRACE BEFORE MEAT; or, A PEEP AT LORD 
 PETER'S. (1778.) 
 
 GEORGE III. AND QUEEN CHARLOTTE. LORD AND LADY PETRE. 
 LADY EFFINGHAM. LORD AMHERST. A CATHOLIC PRIEST. 
 
 “ Grace before Meat," is one of the earliest, and 
 most probably the first caricature designed and engraved by 
 Gillray. It is without date. Mr. Stanley, in his edition of 
 Bryan’s Dictionary of Painters and Engravers, f conjectures 
 that “ Paddy on Horseback," published March 1, 1779, 
 was the earliest of Gillray’ s caricatures ; but from the 
 occurrence here satirized, it is evident that the print must 
 have been published either the latter end of October, or 
 early in November, 1778. 
 
 George III. had announced his intention of having a 
 
 * This popular catch was composed by Dr. Harington of Bath. 
 
 + See Bryan’s Dictionary of Painters and Engravers, with numerous 
 additions by Stanley, royal 8vo. 1849. 
 
 2 B 
 
368 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 grand review on Warley Common, on the 20th of October, 
 If 78. Lord Petre, one of the most distinguished of the 
 Catholic nobility, invited their Majesties to take up their 
 residence at his house, Thorndon Hall, during their pro- 
 gress to and from Warley. The invitation was most gra- 
 ciously accepted. 
 
 The following account of the reception and entertain- 
 ment of their Majesties on the 19th of October, is given 
 in the “ Morning Post” of October 20, 1778 : — “ On their 
 Majesties’ arrival at Thorndon Hall, they were received by 
 Lord and Lady Petre at the hall door, who attended them 
 to a magnificent drawing-room, where after the King and 
 Queen had taken some refreshment, a Levee was held, at 
 which the General Officers, &c. attended. At five o’clock 
 their Majesties sat down to dinner at separate tables, 
 covered with every delicacy the season could produce. 
 Lady Petre, Lady Effingham, &c. &c. had the honour to 
 dine with the Queen ; and Lord Petre and the General 
 Officers, with his Majesty. In the evening they were 
 entertained with a concert, of which several of the Nobility 
 and Gentry of the County of Essex had the honour to 
 partake.” The “ Morning Chronicle” of October 21st, 
 adds the following particulars. “ Their Majesties’ arrival 
 was announced by the discharge of eleven pieces of small 
 cannon, planted in the front of the house. Lord Petre’ s 
 house and gardens were most superbly illuminated. The 
 furniture of the apartments destined to the use of their 
 Majesties is entirely new, grand, and noble.” It adds, 
 “ The next day, after the review, their Majesties returned 
 to Thorndon Hall. Lord Amherst (the Commander-in- 
 chief), the General Officers, Colonels, and Lieut. -Colonels, 
 had the honour to dine with the King.” The “ Gentle- 
 man’s Magazine” for October 20th, 1778, p. 546, gives 
 the following account : “ The King and Queen went from 
 Lord Petre’ s house at Thorndon Place, Essex, where their 
 Majesties lay the preceding night, to Warley Common to 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 369 
 
 review the troops encamped at Warley. After the review 
 was ended, their Majesties returned to Lord Petrels, and 
 next day, after visiting Lord Waldegrave at Navestock, 
 arrived at the Queen’s House about five o’clock.” 
 
 On the 22nd of October the following liberal paragraph 
 appeared in the “ Morning Post.” “Lord Petre is the 
 first Catholic Peer who has been honoured with a visit of 
 the late nature from the Sovereign, sinee the Hanoverian 
 succession ; and since it was thought necessary to throw 
 aside that illiberality of religious sentiment which had so 
 long kept the Prince and his loyal Catholic subjects at a 
 distance from each other, a fairer opportunity could not 
 have offered than the present for his Majesty to lay aside 
 this ill-founded prejudice, than by visiting the mansion of 
 a Catholic nobleman, in the lines of his encampment; the 
 loyalty of whose family has been long tried, and whose 
 own private virtues and unbounded hospitality pointed 
 him out as the person on whom first to confer this mark 
 of honour and esteem.” 
 
 “ The late expense which Lord Petre has been at in 
 entertaining their Majesties, is calculated by a gentleman 
 well acquainted with the whole, at about fifteen thousand 
 pounds ; eight thousand of which were expended in addi- 
 tional furniture; sixty cabinet-makers and upholsterers 
 being employed for a month to prepare the apartments for 
 the royal reception. The state-bed cost alone two thou- 
 sand guineas, though, after all, their Majesties did not lay 
 on it, as on such occasions they always sleep on their own 
 field-bed, which was sent down for that purpose.”* 
 
 * Lord Petre died July 2, 1801. He married May 1, 1762, Anne, daughter 
 of Philip Howard, Esq. of Buckingham, Norfolk. His remains were ac- 
 companied to the grave by all his tenants in mourning and the Volunteer 
 Corps of the neighbourhood, and interred with military honours. He anmially 
 expended ^5000. in charities, a practice that was not discovered till after his 
 Lordship’s death, and one proof, among many others, that he deserved the 
 character which he bore of being one of the best men of the age. — Gentleman's 
 Magazine for July , 1801, p. 677* 
 
 2b2 
 
370 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 Gillray appears to have been scandalized at the thought 
 of a Protestant Sovereign accepting the hospitality of a 
 Roman Catholic nobleman, and insinuates that he neces- 
 sarily subjected himself to having Popish rites and cere- 
 monies performed in his presence. Accordingly in 
 “ Grace before Meat at Lord Peter’s,” he represents 
 the King and Queen seated under a canopy, at the dinner 
 table in the banqueting room at Thorndon Hall. Their 
 Majesties and the assembled company have their hands 
 devoutly clasped, and are listening to the Grace pronounced 
 by a Roman Catholic Priest, whose hands are elevated, and 
 his eyes steadfastly fixed on a crucifix. On the left of the 
 King hangs a painting of a Madonna weeping, her head 
 irradiated with a halo of glory. We must, however, be 
 slow in censuring Gillray for illiberality in this point ; it 
 only shews that he was not superior to the prejudices of 
 his age, and perhaps his apprehensions had been excited 
 by a “ Bill for the Relief of Roman Catholics,” which had 
 passed a short time before; for even Horace Walpole 
 writes thus to Cole on the 21st May, 1778, “ May not I, 
 should not I, wish you joy on the restoration of Popery? 
 I expect soon to see Capuchins tramping about, and 
 Jesuits in high places. We are relapsing fast to our pris- 
 tine state, and shall have nothing but our island and our old 
 religion.” — See Horace Walpole’s Letters, Yol. 5, p. 484. 
 Walpole’s editor, Sir Denis Le Marchant, observes in a 
 note, “ Walpole alludes to the Bill for the relief of the 
 Roman Catholics, which released their priests from perse- 
 cution, and allowed members of that religion to purchase 
 lands, and take them by descent. It passed both Houses 
 without opposition.” 
 
 369. 
 
 THE GERMAN DANCING MASTER. April 5th, 1782. 
 
 JANSEN. 
 
 This is said to represent Jansen, the celebrated German 
 dancing-master. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 371 
 
 370. 
 
 REGARDEZ MOI. probably 1782. 
 
 LORD CHOLMONDELEY. YESTRIS. 
 
 This is a satire upon Lord Cholmondeley, who is 
 represented as taking a lesson of the dancing-master 
 Vestris.* 
 
 On the table is seen an open volume, entitled, “ Elec- 
 trical Eel.” This is a misprint for “ Electric Eel,” a 
 loose poem written by the late James Perry, Esq., in 1777 * 
 On the floor lies another licentious poem, “ The Torpedo,” 
 dedicated to L. C. (Lord Cholmondeley) . On the upper 
 right hand corner of the room is a painting, representing 
 Lord Cholmondeley playing at hazard with a gentleman, 
 who has the head of a fox (Mr. Pox) . Mr. Eox exclaims, 
 “ A nick, by God.” These poems and the painting suffi- 
 ciently indicate the taste and habits of the noble lord. 
 
 371. 
 
 A NATURAL CROP— alias, A NORFOLK DUMP- 
 LING. Sept. 2lst, 1791. 
 
 DUKE OF NORFOLK. 
 
 A characteristic portrait of the Duke of Norfolk, who 
 was one of the first to set the example of wearing his 
 
 * Regardez-moi was the common and frequent admonition of Vestris to 
 his pupils. He was the most celebrated dancer and teacher of dancing of his 
 age. The French bestowed on him the appellation of “ Dieu de la Danse 
 this inspired him with inordinate vanity, and he was wont to say there were 
 only three great men in Europe, “ Le Roi de Prusse, Monsieur Voltaire et 
 Moi-meme.” When he introduced his son and successor on the stage he 
 appeared in a full court dress, with a sword by his side, and addressed a 
 grandiloquent oration to the spectators on the sublimity of his art ; having 
 finished, he turned to the young debutant, and said, “ Allons, mon fils, 
 montrez votre art, ton Pere te regarde This son married Miss Bartolozzi 
 grand-daughter of the celebrated engraver, herself a distinguished comic 
 actress ; she is now Mrs. Charles Mathews, but retains her theatrical appella- 
 tion of Madame Vestris. 
 
372 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 hair without the elaborate dressing and powder then pre- 
 valent. 
 
 The following graphic sketch of the Duke of Norfolk 
 by Bate Dudly, in his Vortigern and Rowena, (jocularly 
 pretended to be extracted from Shakspeare’s play of that 
 name ; in the possession of Ireland) , is so spirited and 
 appropriate, that we are persuaded the reader will be 
 gratified by its insertion in this place. 
 
 u Should a man in these hurlie-burlie daies, be per- 
 mitted to weare a heade on his shoulders, let him not 
 quarrel about the colour of it ! but if they powder mine, 
 they shall eat it into the bargaine ! IT1 weare my nob as 
 long as I can, in sable, for the frailties of my bodie ! The 
 knaves knewe that my sole delights were in rape and canarie , 
 and therefore have they clapped a double taxe on our 
 women* and wine l” — Vortigern and Rowena, Vol. I. p. 50. 
 
 372. 
 
 PAILLE D’AVOINE,— PAILLE D’AVOINE. 
 
 Nov. 10th 9 1786. 
 
 This sketch of one of the cries of Paris, is only etched 
 by Gillray, from a drawing of Samuel Egerton Leigh, Esq. 
 
 373. 
 
 MONUMENTS LATELY DISCOVERED ON SALIS- 
 BURY PLAIN. June 15 th, 1782. 
 
 MARQUIS OF SALISBURY. PRINCE OF WALES. MRS. ROBINSON. 
 MARCHIONESS OF SALISBURY. 
 
 This print indicates the Marquis of Salisbury’s jealousy 
 of the Prince of Wales’s pointed attentions to the Mar- 
 
 * The Duke of Norfolk, when Earl Surrey, was a strenuous opponent of 
 Pitt’s Tax on Maid -servants, and in conjunction with Fox and Sheridan, suc- 
 ceeded in obtaining its repeal. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 373 
 
 chioness of Salisbury. Horns are sprouting out of his 
 head. Bate Dudly, in his Yortigern and Rowena, con- 
 cludes the sketch of the Marquis of Salisbury thus : he is 
 “ so great a naturalist, that he knows the buddinge season 
 by the note of the propheticke cuckoe.” 
 
 Gillray makes the Marquis exclaim, “ Zounds, Sir, leave 
 my wife alone — or Pll tell the old Wig” (id est, the King) . 
 The beautiful and accomplished Mrs. Robinson, (who 
 acquired the sobriquet of Perdita, from her admirable 
 performance of that character in the Winter’s Tale) is the 
 deserted lady. She left for publication Memoirs of her 
 Life, in 4 vols. duodecimo, printed in 1801, in which she 
 gave an account of her connection with the Prince of 
 Wales. When she was abandoned by her royal lover 
 she formed a liaison with General Tarleton. Fox also 
 was one of her admirers, and one of the caricatures of the 
 day represents her driving her own phaeton, with Fox by 
 her side, intimating that she kept him, not he her. 
 
 374. 
 
 LA BELLE ASSEMBLEE. May \2lh } 178?. 
 
 LADY MOUNT-EDGECUMBE. LADY ARCHER. HON. MISS JEFFRIES. 
 HON. MRS. HOBART. LADY CECILIA JOHNSTON. 
 
 Some of the more remarkable ladies of the bon ton of 
 the day, most of whom will be recognised in the following 
 caricatures. Lady Archer, of riding and hunting noto- 
 riety, (indicated by her whip), brings a lamb as an offering, 
 a contrast, it appears, to her own temper ; Lady Mount- 
 Edgecumbe is similarly satirized in her offering of a pair of 
 doves ; Miss Jeffries brings the offerings of Flora ; and 
 the Hon. Mrs. Hobart pours incense on the altar. The 
 lyre is placed in the hands of Lady Cecilia Johnston, a 
 well known votary of fashion. 
 
374 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 375. 
 
 THE ASSAUT D’ARMES, OR FENCING MATCH, 
 WHICH TOOK PLACE AT CARLTON HOUSE, 
 ON THE 9th OF APRIL, 1787, BETWEEN 
 MADEMOISELLE LA CHEYALIERE D’EON DE 
 BEAUMONT, AND MONSIEUR DE SAINT 
 GEORGE. 
 
 Bellatrix, audetque viris concurrere Virg-o, 
 
 Hac vincit Mares divina Palladis arte. 
 
 PRINCE OF WALES. MRS. FITZHERBERT. CHEVALIER DE SAINT 
 GEORGE. MADEMOISELLE LA CHEVALIERE d’eON. 
 
 We have extracted the following account of the Cheva- 
 lier Saint George from H. Angelo’s Pic Nic or Table Talk, 
 p. 21 — 25. 
 
 “ The Chevalier de St. George was born at Guadaloupe. 
 He was the son of M. de Boulogne, a rich planter in the 
 colony, and who became the more fond of him, as he was 
 the result of an illicit connexion, by no means uncommon 
 in the West Indies. His mother was a negress, and was 
 known under the name of the handsome Nanon. She 
 was justly considered as one of the finest women that 
 Africa had ever sent to the Plantations. The Chevalier 
 de St. George united in his own person the grace and 
 features of his mother, with the strength and firmness of 
 M. de Boulogne.” “ He excelled in all the bodily exer- 
 cises in which he engaged ; hut the art in which he sur- 
 passed all his contemporaries and predecessors, was fencing. 
 No professor or amateur ever shewed so much accuracy, 
 such strength of lunge, and such quickness. His attacks 
 were a perpetual series of hits ; his parade was so close 
 that it was in vain to attempt to touch him ; in short, he 
 was all nerve.” “ He had the honour of fencing before 
 his Royal Highness with Fabian, a celebrated professor at 
 Paris, and thrusting carte and tierce with Madame la 
 Chevaliere d’ Eon.” “ He served as a Colonel of Hussars 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 375 
 
 under Dumouriez in Brabant. He died at Paris in 1810 
 or 1811” 
 
 In this print, representing the fencing scene between 
 the Chevalier St. George and D’Eon at Carlton House, 
 the spectator will observe D’Eon has made a successful 
 thrust, and hit St. George in the sword arm. 
 
 Mademoiselle La Chevaliere d’Eon. The follow- 
 ing account of this extraordinary, we had almost said, 
 amphibious person, is given in Mr. Britton’s entertaining 
 autobiography. “ During nearly the whole of these three 
 years it was my custom to dine at an eating-house in Great 
 Turnstile, Holborn, on very cheap and moderate fare ; the 
 cost of the meal, with beer, seldom exceeding nine pence. 
 In an humble room, the parlour of this establishment, I 
 became acquainted with several persons, both male and 
 female ; for some of the latter sex were occasional visitors. 
 One, of questionable nature in this respect, excited much 
 curiosity and speculation at the time, and for many years 
 afterwards. This was the noted Chevalier d’Eon. At 
 the time I met him he dressed in female attire, and was 
 respectable and respected. Though an occasional guest at 
 this humble house of refreshment, it was evident that he 
 had been accustomed to refined society, and was courteous, 
 well-informed on various subjects, and communicative. I 
 own that I always hailed the meeting with gratification, 
 and that it induced me to prolong my dinner-time till the 
 last moment. The history and adventures of this extra- 
 ordinary person were full of romance, and it is to be 
 regretted that they were not put on record by himself. 
 f His story, (says Lysons, Environs of London, Yol. ii. 
 part 2, p. 644), has for many years excited much curiosity 
 and interest. After distinguishing himself in the service 
 of his native country, as a soldier and negotiator, he 
 assumed the habit of a female at the requisition of the 
 French Court, and as such was appointed to a situation in 
 the household of the Queen ; but he is now known to be 
 
376 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 the son of a gentleman of an ancient and respectable 
 family at Tonnerre in Burgundy, where he was born, Octo- 
 ber 2, 1728. Though subjected to many hardships and 
 vicissitudes, he lived to attain his eighty-second year, and 
 died at a lodging in Millman Street, Lamb’s Conduit 
 Street, London, May 21, 1810, and his corpse was interred 
 in the old parish churchyard of St. Pancras. The body 
 was examined after death by Mr. T. Copeland, and Mr. 
 Capue, in presence of Mr. Adair, Mr. Wilson, and Le 
 Pere Ellisee, who verified that the deceased was a per- 
 fect male. A post mortem drawing was made by Mr. C. 
 Turner, and engraved. (I have a copy.) The register 
 of his baptism states the child to be a boy, though the 
 sex appears then to have been doubtful.* Through- 
 out life the personal appearance, manners, and modest 
 demeanour of the Chevalier, were indicative of the fe- 
 male sex. As a man, he was noted for courage, was an 
 officer in the army,f an accomplished horseman, learned 
 in different languages, an elegant and skilful fencer, and 
 had fought three or four duels. In female attire, in 
 England, he exhibited his address and skill at Banelagh 
 and the Opera House, and also gave lessons. As an 
 author, he wrote several works on Statistics, History, 
 Politics, &c.J The Magazines and Newspapers of London 
 
 * In the “ Biographie Universelle” his name is given, Charles-Genevieve- 
 Louise-Auguste-Andre-Timothee d’Eon de Beaumont. But a foot-note says, 
 “ Sous les Registres de la Paroisse on lui donne le nom de Charlotte, &c. mais 
 cette piece est remplie de fautes d’orthographe, ou de contradictions, peut- 
 etre faites a dessein.” 
 
 t He was Aide-de-Camp to Marshal Broglio. 
 
 t Horace Walpole, in his Memoirs of George III., Vol. i., p. 392, says, 
 “ On the 23rd of March (1764) appeared one of the most extraordinary 
 books ever published, and though written by a foreigner, and in French, by no 
 means inferior in detraction to the North Britons. It was a large quarto, 
 called, ‘ Lettres Memoires et Negotiations particulieres du Chevalier d’Eon,’ 
 &c., and contained the history of his employments, troubles, quarrel with 
 Monsieur de Guercliy, and his own wonderfully imprudent and insolent letters 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 377 
 
 abound with anecdotes and accounts of this remarkable 
 person, particularly the Gentleman s for 1810/ ” — Britton s 
 Autobiography , pp. 83, 84. 
 
 W e may add, that some very curious particulars of the 
 Chevalier d’Eon are given in Henry Angelo’s Memoirs of 
 his Father, Yol. ii. pp. 55 — 60. H. Angelo knew him 
 
 when he first appeared in this country in male attire, as a 
 French captain of dragoons, and subsequently when he 
 returned to England in female apparel. He candidly 
 confesses that he materially assisted his father in his 
 Treatise on Fencing.* We ourselves recollect to have met 
 the Chevalier in the latter years of his life at the house of 
 a friend. He looked a heavy unwieldy figure in his female 
 habiliments, but his manners were soft, easy, and refined, 
 suited to the costume he had adopted, and the sex he 
 personated. 
 
 to the Due de Praslin, the second Minister in power at the Court at Ver- 
 sailles. The contempt expressed for the Comte de Guerchy was transcendent, 
 but yet this was not the most reprehensible part of the work. With the 
 most indefensible wantonness D’Eon had inserted the childishly fond, but 
 friendly letters of his patron, the Due de Nivernois. With still greater 
 indiscretion, he published others of an intimate friend employed in the office 
 of the Secretary of State at Versailles, in which that friend, in confidence, 
 had familiarly censured his masters : and with the most abominable treachery 
 D’Eon added confidential letters between the Dues de Nivernois and Praslin, 
 in which, though with good will towards him, they spoke of their intimate 
 friend, Monsieur de Guerchy, with much contemptuous pity, which might be 
 excused between such near friends, though never to be pardoned by Guerchy. 
 These letters D’Eon, when trusted with the Due de Nivernois’ keys, had 
 stolen or copied.” Horace Walpole’s editor, Sir Denis Le Marchant, in a 
 note on this passage observes, “In his passion D’Eon forgot the laws of 
 decency as well as of honour, and the publication of his book injured him 
 certainly not less than his enemies. It had an immense circulation, and the 
 attempts to suppress it at Paris, of course, served to make it more sought 
 after. Lord Holland, who happened to be there at that time, used to lend Ms 
 copy by the hour.” In further illustration of the preceding extract from 
 Walpole’s Memoirs, we may state, that the Chevalier D’Eon came to England 
 in 1761 as Private Secretary to the Due de Nivernois, then the French Am- 
 bassador in England. 
 
 * Published in London, 1763. 
 
378 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 Gibbon makes the following whimsical comparison be- 
 tween Pope Joan and the Chevalier d’Eon. Having re- 
 ferred to the fabulous history of Pope Joan, and her having 
 had an amour with a domestic, in consequence of which she 
 became pregnant, and was suddenly taken ill and delivered 
 of a child as she was going in procession to the Lateran 
 Church, and died on the spot; he adds, “As false, this 
 deserves the name of a fable, but I would not pronounce 
 it incredible. Suppose a famous French Chevalier of our 
 own times to have been in Italy, and to have been edu- 
 cated for the Church, instead of the Army. Her merit or 
 fortune might have raised her to St. Peter’s chair ; her 
 amours would have been natural; her delivery in the 
 streets unlucky, but not improbable.” 
 
 376. 
 
 MARGARET’S GHOST. March 2 5th, 1791. 
 
 MISS GUNNING, MRS. GUNNING, AND MISS MARGARET MINIFIE. 
 
 Mrs. Gunning was accused of having attempted to 
 bring about a marriage of her daughter with the Marquis 
 of Blandford, son of the Duke of Marlborough, and the 
 subject was much talked and written about in the fashion- 
 able world at this time. 
 
 Gillray has laid the scene of this print in Miss Gun- 
 ning’s bedroom. Miss Gunning is lying ill in bed; her 
 mother is seated by her bedside. Her aunt, Miss Mar- 
 garet Minifie is introduced as “Margaret’s Grimly Ghost ;” 
 her terrific appearance has struck consternation into the 
 fair invalid, and frightened Mrs. Gunning from her pro- 
 priety ; by a sudden start she has overturned a bottle of 
 brandy, placed by her side to soothe her sorrows. Mrs. 
 Gunning says, “ I was sitting by the bedside of my smiling- 
 injured-innocent lambkin, and holding one of the sweet- 
 tender hands of my amiable-gentle-dovelike cherub, when 
 her aunt came into the room, with a face paler than ashes 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 379 
 
 — “What is the matter, Auntee Peg,” says my chaste, 
 adorable, kind-beneficent-enchanting-heart-feeling-benefi- 
 cent-paragon of goodness, “What’s the matter, Auntee 
 Peg, what makes you put on such a long face ?” This 
 absurd accumulation of foolish expressions of fondness is 
 taken almost literally from passages in Mrs. Gunning’s 
 letter to the Duke of Argyll. Again, “ He broke upon us 
 the dishonourable-infamous-impudent-false accusations, 
 and the cruel, most cruel messages that accompanied 
 them, at that moment a vow issued from my torn, my 
 rent, my wounded, my agonized, my suffered heart, and 
 my dear, divine, glorious, arch-angelic angel said,” & c. &c. 
 This alludes to General Gunning’s accusation of his 
 daughter. 
 
 See further particulars in the explanation annexed to 
 the next print. 
 
 377 . 
 
 BETTY CANNING REVIVED; or, A PEEP AT 
 THE CONJURATION OF MARY SQUIRES, AND 
 
 THE GYPSEY FAMILY. March 25th, 1792. 
 
 MISS GUNNING, MRS. GUNNING, NAUNTEE PEG (MISS MIN1FIE), 
 AND GEN. GUNNING’S GROOM. 
 
 This caricature refers to the same occurrence as the pre- 
 ceding print. It is a parody on the well known story of 
 Elizabeth Canning and her pretended persecutions. It 
 alludes to a circumstance which caused considerable sensa- 
 tion in the fashionable world. 
 
 General Gunning had a most beautiful and accomplished 
 daughter ; her charms attracted many admirers, among 
 others the Marquis of Blandford, eldest son of the Duke 
 of Marlborough, and the Marquis of Lorn, eldest son of 
 the Duke of Argyll. At first the young lady seemed to 
 favour the pretensions of the Marquis of Lorn, hut in a 
 short time she evinced a decided preference for the Mar- 
 quis of Blandford. The Duke of Argyll, who had married 
 
380 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 the widow of the Duke of Hamilton,* a sister of General 
 Gunning, inquired of the General, f whether the Duke of 
 Marlborough was apprised of his son’s attentions to his 
 daughter, and approved of the projected matrimonial 
 alliance. The General frankly admitted he did not know, 
 but would immediately address a letter to the Duke of 
 Marlborough on the subject, and if he disapproved of the 
 match, he would at once put an end to the affair. Accord- 
 ingly he wrote a letter to the Duke, and sent it to Blen- 
 heim by his groom. He received an answer expressive of 
 the Duke’s entire approval of his son’s choice, and of his 
 own deep sense of the good qualities of the young lady. 
 General Gunning immediately repaired to the Duke of 
 Argyll, who, having read the letter attentively, expressed 
 strong suspicions of its authenticity. General Gunning 
 then went to Lord Charles Spencer, the Duke’s brother, 
 who unhesitatingly pronounced the letter to be “ an awk- 
 ward imitation of the Duke of Marlborough’s handwriting.” 
 The seal was either an impression from a small seal, which 
 the Duke had ceased to use for many years, or from one 
 copied from it. General Gunning returned home, and 
 questioned his wife and daughter on the subject ; they 
 assured him the letter was genuine, or they had been im- 
 posed on. The General next interrogated the groom, who, 
 impelled partly by threats, and partly by solicitations, con- 
 fessed he had been bribed by Miss Gunning, who had fur- 
 nished him with the letter. The General then turned his 
 daughter out of his house, and shortly after separated from 
 his wife.J Mrs. Gunning published a large pamphlet, en- 
 titled, “ A Letter to the Duke of Argyll,” in which she 
 attributed the forgery to Captain and Mrs. Bowen, whom 
 
 * This Lady was mother of the present Duke of Hamilton, 
 t Another sister of the General married the Earl of Coventry. 
 
 X In 1792 an action was brought by James Duberley, Esq. against 
 General Gunning, for having committed adultery with his wife. The Jury 
 awarded <£5000. damages. In summing up, Lord Kenyon designated General 
 Gunning, “ a hoary, shameful, and detestable lecher.” 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 381 
 
 she had offended by endeavouring to prevent their mar- 
 riage, at the earnest solicitation of Mrs. Bowen’s father. 
 But Mrs. Gunning does not attempt to explain how the 
 Bowens became acquainted with the General’s intention 
 to write to the Duke of Marlborough, or transmit his 
 letter by his groom. The Duke of Argyll declined all fur- 
 ther intercourse with his sister-in-law, Mrs. Gunning, and 
 his niece. Miss Gunning. The occurrence gave rise to 
 several pamphlets. 
 
 In this print Gillray depicts Miss Elizabeth Gunning 
 consulting a female necromancer, and swearing an affidavit 
 before her. “ I swear that I never wished or tried, directly 
 or indirectly, to get a coronet ; that I never saw or wrote 
 to Lord B. (the Marquis of Blandford) or Lord L. (Mar- 
 quis of Lorn) in all my life,” &c. The old hag has a 
 broom by her side, and other symbols of her art upon the 
 table; she replies, “Well done, Bett ! we’ll get through 
 the business, I’ll warrant you. We can write all sorts of 
 hands, we’ve got all sorts of seals, and with the assistance 
 of our old friend under the table, we shall be able to gull 
 them.” The friend under the table is the devil. He ex- 
 claims, “ Swear [” The groom is shadowed in the extreme 
 left of the print. He says, “ I’m ready to ride or swear.” 
 A sign -post points out the road to Blenheim. On the 
 right hand of the print Mrs. Gunning is kindling a flame 
 by blowing the fire with a pair of bellows, on which is 
 inscribed, “Letter to the Duke of A.” (Duke of Argyll), 
 she says, “ That’s right, my sweet innocent angel ! say 
 grace boldly, make haste, my dear little, lovely lambkin. 
 I’ll blow up the fire, while Nauntee Peg helps to cook up 
 the coronets ; we’ll get you a nice little tit-bit for dinner 
 before we’ve done, my dear, little deary.” Nauntee Peg 
 (Miss Minifie) is stirring the pot upon the fire with a ladle, 
 she says, “ Puff away, sister. The soup will soon boil. 
 Law’s me, how soft the green peas do grow, and how they 
 jump about in the pot when you puff your bellows.” 
 
382 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 378. 
 
 THE THUNDERER. Avg. 20 tli, 1782. 
 
 PRINCE OF WALES. MAJOR TOPHAM. 
 
 MRS. Robinson {as a whirligig). 
 
 Major Topham was, at the period of the publication of 
 this caricature, Brigade-Lieutenant of the Second Troop 
 of Horse Guards ; equivalent in rank to Captain in a regi- 
 ment of Infantry. He was a man of fashion, possessed 
 considerable intelligence and knowledge of the world, 
 united with agreeable manners. He had ingratiated him- 
 self into the favour of the Prince of W ales, and was one of 
 his early companions. Gillray has depicted him as enact- 
 ing the part of Captain Bobadil. He is flourishing his 
 sword in the front of the Prince of Wales, and says : “ They 
 have assaulted me, some three, four, five, or six of them 
 together, and I have driven them afore me like a flock of 
 sheep ; but this is nothing, for often in a mere frolic, I 
 have challenged twenty of them, kill'd them — challenged 
 twenty more, kill’d them, — twenty more, kill’d them, — 
 twenty more, kill’d them too ; and thus in a day have I 
 killed twenty score; twenty score, that’s two hundred* — two 
 hundred a day ; five days, that’s a thousand, — that’s a — 
 zounds, I can’t number them half, — and all civilly and 
 fairly with one poor Toledo.” It would seem as if he 
 wished to impress upon the Prince the value and import- 
 ance of such an ally, while indulging in the frolics and 
 gaieties of youth. The Prince replies ; “I’d as lief as 
 twenty crowns I cou’d talk as fine as you, Captain.” On 
 the right hand upper corner of the print is a house of en- 
 
 * Ben Jonson has made the magnanimous Bobadil a sorry arithmetician ; 
 we should not have supposed that he would have underrated the number 
 he had slain, but rather that he would have declared that in sober truth, 
 “ twenty score” made four hundred, and confirmed the asseveration “ by the 
 foot of Pharaoh,” and “ as he was a soldier and a gentleman.” 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 383 
 
 tertainment, called The Whirligig on the upper part 
 of the sign-post, is a female figure, who says : — 
 
 *'* This is the lad I’d kiss most sweet, 
 
 Who’d not love a soldier ?” 
 
 At the bottom is painted, “ Alamode Beef hot every 
 night.” Perhaps it is intended to be insinuated that Top- 
 ham had introduced the Prince to some house of enter** 
 tainment, unsuited to his rank and dignity. 
 
 Major Topham, however, was not a mere vapouring sol- 
 dier ; he could wield a pen as well as a sword. He became 
 proprietor of the u World” newspaper, which he enlivened 
 with fashionable news, anecdote and pleasantry ; some- 
 times he assumed the province of a moral censor, and many 
 felt the keenness and severity of his strictures ; among 
 others the family of Earl Cowper. On the 22nd of Decem- 
 ber, 1789, died at Florence, George Nassau Clavering, 
 third Earl Cowper.* As soon as the news of his demise 
 reached England, a character of him appeared in the 
 “ World,” in which he was held up to public scorn, as an 
 infamous character, polluted by almost every vice, and 
 deserving the execration of mankind. He was accordingly 
 indicted for a libel on the late Earl. We have not been 
 able to obtain a sight of the newspaper, but we can collect 
 with accuracy the substance of the alleged libel from the 
 indictment. It charges him with endeavouring “ to cause 
 it to be believed that the said Earl in his lifetime was a 
 person of a vicious and depraved mind and disposition, and 
 destitute of filial duty and affection, and of all honourable 
 and virtuous sentiments and inclinations, and that the said 
 Earl led a wicked and profligate course of life, and had 
 addicted himself to the practice and use of the most cri- 
 minal and unmanly vices and debaucheries.” Major Top- 
 ham defended the action, and instructed his Counsel to 
 
 * He was descended from Lord Keeper Cowper, and was father of the late 
 Earl Cowper. 
 
 2 e 
 
384 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 maintain that the dead enjoyed no immunity from just 
 reprobation, which it was as necessary to inflict to deter the 
 living from a vicious course of life, as it was just and pleas- 
 ing to bestow praise on good men, to incite their survivors 
 to a course of honourable action. The cause was tried 
 before Judge Buller,* who pronounced the character of 
 the deceased to be a libel, as it tended to a breach of the 
 peace ! ! Topham was found guilty ! Still the Major per- 
 severed. He instructed his Counsel to move for an arrest 
 of judgment on the ground of the misdirection of the judge 
 to the jury, and that he had been convicted on an illegal 
 technicality ; for there could be no breach of the peace 
 between the dead and the living. The case was argued at 
 great length before the Court of King’s Bench by the 
 ablest counsel on each side. The Court granted an arrest 
 of judgment ; but took time to consider its decision. After 
 a long protracted delay (perhaps from a hope that neither 
 party would pray for a decision), on the 29th of January, 
 1791, Lord Kenyon delivered the judgment of the Court 
 in a most elaborate speech, and ordered the rule to be 
 made absolute, and thus virtually overset the verdict of 
 the jury. We are indebted to “ The Thunderer” for the 
 signal triumph of this branch of the Liberty of the Press, 
 which is now established on a firm basis by the solemn 
 decision of the Court of King’s Bench. (See Durnford and 
 East’s Term Reports, vol. 4, folio, p. 126 to 130.) The 
 English historian and biographer is now only restrained by 
 the moral obligation, “ ne quid falsi dicere audeat, ne quid 
 veri non audeat, and it deserves to be recorded that we 
 are indebted to Major Topham for the judicial recognition 
 of this invaluable privilege. 
 
 * B uller was generally considered a harsh judge, and unfriendly to the 
 liberty of the press. He is now chiefly remembered from his sobriquet of 
 “ Judge Thumb,” he having laid it down as the law of England, that a hus- 
 band might chastise his wife with a stick “ not thicker than his thumb.” This 
 dictum caused him to be assailed in epigrams, satires and caricatures. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 385 
 
 379. 
 
 ORNAMENTS OF CHELSEA HOSPITAL ; or, A 
 PEEP INTO THE LAST CENTURY. 
 
 Jan. 19th, 1789. 
 
 A CHELSEA PENSIONER. DR. MESSENGER MONSEY- 
 
 We think we cannot do better than present the reader 
 with the following extracts from Faulkner's History of 
 Chelsea, respecting Doctor Messenger Monsey. They 
 render intelligible the epitaph, which Gillray has subjoined 
 to the print, and which might otherwise appear exagge- 
 rated and caricatured, when in fact it is little more than 
 a versification of the testamentary directions of the eccen- 
 tric physician of Chelsea Hospital. 
 
 “ Dr. Messenger Monsey was born in 1693 at a remote 
 village in the county of Norfolk, of which his father was 
 rector. He received a good classical education, and after 
 spending five years at the University, studied physic for 
 sometime under Dr. Wrench, at Norwich; from which 
 place he went and settled as a physician at Bury St. 
 Edmunds. Having accidentally afforded some professional 
 assistance to the Earl of Godolphin, that nobleman took 
 him under his protection, and introduced him to many of 
 the first characters of the age. He was made Fellow of 
 the Royal Society, and in 1742 succeeded Dr. Tessier, as 
 Physician to Chelsea Hospital. Flis character and humour 
 bore a striking resemblance to that of Dean Swift.. By 
 his will he directed that his body should not suffer any 
 funeral ceremony, but undergo dissection; after which, 
 “ the remainder of his carcase ” to use his own expression, 
 “ may he put into a hole, or crammed into a box with holes, 
 and thrown into the Thames, at the pleasure of the sur- 
 geon.” The surgeon to whom he assigned this charge, 
 was Mr. Forster, of Union Court, Broad Street ; who, in 
 pursuance of the Doctor’s singular will, delivered a dis- 
 course in the theatre of Guy’s Hospital, to a numerous 
 
 2 c 2 
 
386 
 
 GILLRAY’ S CARICATURES. 
 
 audience, at the dissection of the body. Dr. Monsey died, 
 December 26, 1788, at his apartments in Chelsea Hospital, 
 aged ninety-five.” (See Faulkner’s History of Chelsea, 
 p. 194.) Dr. Moseley, who succeeded Dr. Monsey as Phy- 
 sician to Chelsea Hospital, observes, “ My predecessor had 
 been Physician to the Hospital forty- six years and six 
 months.” 
 
 Gillray has placed under the print the following “ Epi- 
 taph on the late Dr. Monsey, supposed to he written by 
 himself :” — 
 
 “ Here lie my old limbs, — my vexation now ends, 
 
 For I’ve liv’d much too long for myself and my friends ; 
 
 As to churchyards and grounds which the parsons call holy, 
 
 ’Tis a rank piece of priestcraft, and founded on folly. 
 
 “ In short, I despise them ; and as for my soul, 
 
 Which may mount the last day with my bones from this hole, 
 
 I think that it really hath nothing to fear 
 From the God of mankind, whom I truly revere. 
 
 “ What the next world may be I little trouble my pate ; 
 
 If not better than this, I beseech thee, O Fate, 
 
 When the bodies of millions fly up in a riot, 
 
 To let the old carcase of Monsey be quiet.” 
 
 This epitaph is from the pen of Peter Pindar (Dr. Wol- 
 cot.) It is only necessary to add, that Dr. Monsey, in 
 extreme old age, was accustomed to ramble about the Col- 
 lege gardens, accompanied by one of the pensioners, whom 
 he designated “ his crutch.” 
 
 379 * 
 
 HOW TO HIDE WITH ELEGANCE THROUGH 
 
 THE STREETS. April 8th, 1800. 
 
 “ ’Tis notin mortals to command success ; 
 
 Arrah, but we’ll do more, Sempronius, we’ll deserve it.” 
 
 LOltl) LANDAFF. 
 
 In this print Gillray represents Lord Landaff exhibiting 
 his equestrian elegance ; in a subsequent one, No. 525, he 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 387 
 
 pourtrays him displaying his dandy pedestrianism in walk- 
 ing up and down the fashionable streets in company with 
 his two brothers, the Hon. Montague and George Mathews. 
 Those who recollect Lord LandafF will at once recognize 
 the exact resemblance of the rider and his manner. 
 
 The “ Arrah” in the motto might seem to indicate that 
 Lord LandafF traced his descent from a line of ancestry, 
 natives of the Emerald Isle ; it is true that a collateral 
 branch of the family settled in Ireland, but the family 
 boasts its descent from the Principality of Wales. “ Ed- 
 ward Mathew, or ap-Mathew, ancestor to the noble Lord,” 
 says Lodge, “resided at Rader in the County of Glamor- 
 gan, about the year 1660, who inherited a good estate, 
 principally consisting of Chiefries,* being the remains of an 
 ample fortune, possessed by his ancestors from time imme- 
 morial ; he was also possessed of the town of LandafF, f in 
 the same county, whence the present Lord,;]; in whom it now 
 vests, derives his title.” § (See Lodgers Peerage of Ireland, 
 
 by Archdall, vol. vii. p. 222.) “Francis, the only son (of 
 George Mathew) , now Lord LandafF, served many years in 
 Parliament for the county of Tipperary, and was created a 
 peer of this realm (Ireland), 20th of September, 1783. 
 He had issue Francis James (the subject of Gillray’s print), 
 Montague and George.” (See Lodge’s Peerage, vol. vii. 
 
 p. 222.) 
 
 The reader, however, must not conclude that the family 
 of Mathews was a race of dandies. One at least, Admiral 
 Mathews, distinguished himself by his gallant exploits, and 
 the important services he rendered to his country during 
 a considerable portion of the first half of the last century. 
 Charnock calls him “ a brave but unfortunate commander.” 
 
 * A Chiefrie is a small annual rent paid by a tenant to the Lord Paramount. 
 
 t Then a flourishing town, now dwindled into a poor village, says Britton, 
 in his Beauties of England and Wales, vol. 18. p. 618. Its cathedral might 
 seem to have secured it a better fate. 
 
 t The father of Lord LandafF, whose portrait is here given. 
 
 I The title is Lord LandafF of Thomas Town in the county of Tipperary. 
 
388 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 " But,” continues Charnock, “ notwithstanding the figure 
 he afterwards lived to make in the naval world, together 
 with the high character he acquired, and which, surviving 
 the malice of his enemies, he still continues to retain in 
 the eyes of all candid and impartial men.” . . . “ His 
 
 gallantry has never been questioned even by his bitterest 
 enemies ; and the heaviest charge they were ever able ta 
 adduce against him, was that he understood the practical 
 part of his duty better than the theory of it, or in plainer 
 English, that he himself knew better how to fight than to 
 command others to do the same.” (See an interesting 
 Memoir of Admiral Mathews in Charnock’ s Biographia 
 Navalis, vol. iii. p. 252 to 273.) 
 
 379.** 
 
 SAMPSON OVERCOME BY A PHILISTIAN. 
 
 SIR SAMPSON WRIGHT. 
 
 Sir Sampson Wright, the chief magistrate of Bow Street, 
 is seated at the office table, prepared to commence his 
 official duties. A gentleman of a commanding figure 
 stands before him, his fist is clenched, and almost thrust 
 into Sir Sampson’s face; he says, “You rascal! I’ll break 
 every bone in your body.” Sir Sampson’s terrified son 
 exclaims, “ O Lord, O Lord, my poor Pap ’ll be killed !” 
 On the right hand of Sir Sampson is a person, apparently 
 an attendant official ; his hands are outspread in a state of 
 consternation. On the table lie “ Dirty Shillings,” that is, 
 shillings taken for swearing affidavits, or fines inflicted on 
 the poor for street rows , ; at the bottom of the print, 
 instead of the artist’s name, &c. is “ Invented by a Thief.” 
 “ Published by Bonde, at the Thief Office, Bow Street.” 
 “ Engraved by a Pickpocket.” Under the print is sub- 
 scribed : — 
 
 “ If e’er we want a very valiant knight. 
 
 Have we not Sampson — bold Sir Sampson Wright ?” 
 
 “ This plate is humbly dedicated to the Magistrates of 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 389 
 
 Westminster, as a grateful tribute due to the unshaken 
 integrity of a late be-hiighted Justice, by his and their 
 obliged servant, On- Slow Dry-Butter.” This plate has no 
 date, but we think it must have been published about the 
 latter end of the year 1782, as it speaks of a late be-knighted 
 Justice.” Sir Sampson Wright was appointed to succeed 
 the late Sir John Fielding (whose clerk he had originally 
 been) in 1780. He was knighted the 4th of September, 
 1782. The verses quoted above are taken from the * f Beau- 
 ties of Administration, a Poem,” published in 1782. We 
 are persuaded that this caricature refers to some occur- 
 rence relating to some member of Lord Onslow’s family, 
 from the dedication being signed “ On- Slow Dry-Butter.” 
 We think the magistrates of Bow Street about this time 
 granted warrants to enter private houses to search for faro 
 tables and implements of gaming. This was decided to be 
 illegal, and would of course render the person, whose man- 
 sion was invaded, little scrupulous in menacing the magis- 
 trate who had granted the illegal warrant. 
 
 Sir Sampson Wright appears to have discharged his 
 magisterial duties generally with credit to himself and 
 advantage to the country. He died in 1793. The Gen- 
 tleman’s Magazine for April of that year, in recording his 
 death, calls him “ the distinguished Magistrate of the Bow 
 Street Office.” 
 
 379.*** 
 
 ANECDOTE MACONIQUE. A MASONIC ANEC- 
 DOTE. Nov. 21, 1786.. 
 
 The allusions to this print are explained in a great 
 measure by the inscriptions and verses at the bottom. It 
 relates to the exposure of the quackery of that celebrated 
 impostor Cagliostro, while he was in London, and his por- 
 trait is conspicuous among the group. His real name was 
 Joseph Balsamo. He was born in Palermo in 1743, and 
 after sundry vagaries, practised as a physician, and acquired 
 
390 
 
 gillray 5 s caricatures. 
 
 considerable notoriety by assuming to have bad intercourse 
 with the invisible world, and to have discovered the Elixir 
 vitse, or balsam of life. He became a freemason, and 
 formed a new order of masonry, which he called the 
 Eyyptictn, and of which he made himself Grand Master. 
 A female branch of the order was headed by his wife, who 
 was no less profligate than himself, and who, under pretence 
 of certain splendid ceremonies, abstracted a considerable 
 number of valuable jewels from her simple disciples. 
 
 Cagliostro, after extorting large sums by impositions of 
 every kind on the credulity of the Londoners, particularly 
 persons of rank, indiscreetly went to Rome, where, upon 
 an information laid against him by his own wife, he was 
 seized by the Inquisition, and died within its walls, in 1794. 
 His adventures are given in a scarce little volume, trans- 
 lated from the Italian, and printed at Dublin in 1792. 
 
 In the Morning Chronicle of September 16, 1791, is 
 advertised, price 3 s 6d, “ The Life of Joseph Balsamo, 
 commonly called Count Cagliostro. Printed for G. Kears- 
 ley, Fleet Street/ 5 We have not been able to put our 
 hand on this little volume, and should not have thought it 
 necessary to notice it, but for the purpose of extracting- 
 the note which Kearsley has subjoined to his advertise- 
 ment. “ N.B. Compared with other villains who have at 
 different periods infested the world, Cagliostro raises a 
 degree of wonder at the subtilty of his schemes, the enor- 
 mity of his depredations, and his hazardous escapes, which, 
 no others are entitled to/ 5 
 
 380. 
 
 SHAKSPEARE SACRIFICED ; or, THE OFFER- 
 ING TO AVARICE. June 20th, 1789. 
 
 ALDERMAN BOYDELL. 
 
 In the centre of the print is a whole-length portrait of 
 Alderman Bovdell, attired in his Aldermanic gown ; it is 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 391 
 
 a striking resemblance of his person and manner. He is 
 advancing to offer sacrifice on the altar of Avarice. On the 
 altar is seated Avarice, with a bag of money under each 
 arm ; on his shoulders stands a boy, with a peacock’s fea- 
 thers on his head, and a pipe in his mouth, blowing up 
 the bubble of “ Immortality.” On the altar is inscribed a 
 List of the Subscribers to the Sacrifice (id est , to Boydell’s 
 edition of Shakspeare) . Representations of various pictures 
 in the Shakspeare Gallery are disposed round the print. 
 The wily Richard Duke of Gloucester is selected from 
 Northcote’s picture ; at a little distance is Tyrrell smother- 
 ing the young King Edward Y. in the Tower. The aged 
 and impetuous Lear, seated in his chair of state, is casting 
 off his daughter Cordelia. Cardinal Beaufort is breathing 
 out his agonised soul, taken from Sir Joshua’s picture. 
 The Witches of Macbeth are taken from Sir Joshua’s pic- 
 ture. Hamlet is starting at the ghost of his Father, copied 
 from Fuseli’s picture. The figure of Midas in Midsummer 
 Night’s Dream, is taken from Wheatley’s painting, &c. &c. 
 Death, representing the Grave Digger in Hamlet, with a 
 spade in his hand, is preparing to entomb all these pro- 
 ductions. By the side of Boy dell is an inscription, “ The 
 cloud-capt towers, the gorgeous palaces, the solemn tem- 
 ples, yea, the great globe itself shall dissolve, and like the 
 baseless fabric of a vision, leave not a wreck behind.” 
 
 At the bottom of the print is, “ Soon as possible will 
 be published, price one Guinea, No. 1 of Shakspeare Illus- 
 trated, with the text, annotations, &c. complete ; the en- 
 gravings to be carried on, in imitation of the Alderman’s 
 liberal plan. Further particulars will shortly be given in 
 all the public papers.” 
 
 It is impossible to refuse our unqualified admiration of 
 the extraordinary talent exhibited in the design and exe- 
 cution of this print ; the felicity displayed in the selection 
 and grouping of the subjects, and the concentration of so 
 many objects in one point of view, strike the spectator, 
 
392 
 
 GILLRAY^S CARICATURES. 
 
 and give additional poignancy to the satire. This carica- 
 ture must certainly rank in the very first class of the pro- 
 ductions of Gillray’s genius. We must not, however, suf- 
 fer our admiration of great talent to make us unjust. We 
 lament that Gillray should have made so furious an on- 
 slaught on so praiseworthy an undertaking, calculated to 
 give liberal encouragement to our celebrated painters and 
 engravers, and to call from obscurity neglected genius 
 pining for employment. 
 
 “Satirical criticism,” says Johnson, “ may be considered 
 useful, when it rectifies error and improves judgment. 
 He that refines the public taste is a public benefactor.” 
 We freely admit the justice of this canon of criticism, but 
 we think we are entitled to add, that he who by satire, 
 ridicule or caricature, counteracts a laudable design, cal- 
 culated to improve the fine arts, and diffuse taste, acts 
 inconsiderately, and runs the risk of inflicting a public 
 injury. 
 
 It may not be irrelevant to give a short sketch of 
 BoydelTs life as connected with the fine arts. He was 
 born at Staunton in Shropshire, Jan. 19, 1719. His 
 father was a land-surveyor, and intended his son should be 
 brought up to his own profession. The lad early disco- 
 vered a talent for drawing, which his father encouraged, 
 thinking it would be serviceable to him in his intended 
 business. But accident often decides the future course 
 of a man’s life, and this was strongly exemplified in Boy- 
 dell’s case. Having by chance seen an engraving of the 
 seat of a neighbouring gentleman, Sir J ohn Glynne, and 
 the old castle attached to it, engraved by Toms, he imme- 
 diately recognised its exact resemblance, and became 
 enamoured of an art, which could multiply copies to an 
 indefinite extent. He now panted to be an engraver, and 
 communicated his wish to his father, who discouraged the 
 project, and remonstrated with him on the folly of relin- 
 quishing a well-established business, to embark in an 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 393 
 
 undertaking with, which he was unacquainted, and which 
 he had neither money nor connections to enable him to 
 pursue. Genuine enthusiasm, however, is seldom tram- 
 melled by the dictates of prudence, or the remonstrances of 
 affectionate solicitude. At the age of 21 years. Boy dell 
 walked up to London, sought an interview with Toms, and 
 hound himself apprentice to him for seven years. He was 
 unremitting in his attention to his business, and in the 
 evenings attended the Academy in St. Martin’s Lane, to 
 improve himself in drawing. By these means he made 
 rapid progress in the art of engraving, and surpassed his 
 master in skill, Toms generously allowed him to buy up 
 the two last years of his apprenticeship on easy terms. 
 He was now launched on the ocean of life, and commenced 
 business on his own account. His first publication was 
 six small landscapes, which he sold for a shilling each ; 
 these he stitched together, and the hook was called by col- 
 lectors, “ The Bridge Book,” as a bridge was introduced 
 into the scenery of each plate. His exertions continued 
 unremitting, and by continued application he executed an 
 hundred and fifty-two landscapes ; these he collected into 
 a portfolio, and sold for five guineas. The publication was 
 eminently successful, and the profits arising from it enabled 
 him to extend the sphere of his business ; and he used to 
 say with pride, in after life, that it was the only book 
 which had made a Lord Mayor of London. His own taste 
 and judgment had now become materially improved, and 
 he had the rare tact of discerning that he himself should 
 never attain sufficient excellence to vie with his foreign 
 competitors. He therefore resolved to abandon the pur- 
 suit of the art, and by liberal encouragement to secure the 
 services of the first talent of the country. In Woollett he- 
 found an artist who realised all his wishes. The Temple 
 of Apollo, from Claude, and the engravings of the two 
 premium landscapes by the Smiths of Chichester, were 
 among the first fruits of this connection. Boy dell had 
 
394 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 agreed to pay Woollett fifty guineas for engraving the 
 plate; the engraving surpassed his expectations or his 
 hopes, he gave the artist an hundred pounds. He remu- 
 nerated him for the two landscapes with similar liberality. 
 The Niobe and Phaeton, after pictures of Wilson, were 
 universally allowed to be chef-d^ oeuvres ; they established 
 the fame of the artist, and extended the business of the shop 
 from which they issued. The celebrity of these publica- 
 tions enabled Boydell to establish a correspondence, with 
 the most eminent Continental printsellers, whom he sup- 
 plied with his publications. He was now decidedly the 
 first printseller in Europe. He did not confine himself to 
 the publication of single prints, but put forth some expen- 
 sive books of prints, as the Houghton Gallery, in two vols. 
 and Earlonds Liber Veritatis, or a series of engravings 
 from Claudels landscapes, 2 vols. His assiduous appli- 
 cation to his business, his liberal encouragement of artists, 
 and the high merits of his publications, had established a 
 most prosperous trade, and effected a most important 
 change in one branch of our commerce. Large sums of 
 money had hitherto been remitted to the Continent annu- 
 ally for the purchase of prints ; by his exertions the cur- 
 rent of commerce was turned, England became an export- 
 ing country, and the balance of trade was largely in our 
 favour. On the 5th of August, 1 782, Boydell was elected 
 Alderman of the ward of Cheap. He served the office of 
 Sheriff in 1785, and was elected Lord Mayor in 1790. 
 Boydell had realised an ample fortune, and might have 
 retired to enjoy it, or carried on his business with ease and 
 comfort by the assistance of his nephew and partner, 
 Josiah Boydell. 
 
 We have said that an accidental circumstance made 
 Boydell an engraver and a printseller. Another accident 
 opened a new prospect to his view, and induced him to 
 embark in a most costly undertaking. In November, 
 1786, he happened to meet a dinner party at his nephew’s. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 395 
 
 Mr. Josiah BoydelTs. The company consisted of Benjamin 
 West, Romney, Panl Sandbv, Hayley the poet, Hoole the 
 translator of Ariosto and Tasso, Nicol the bookseller, and 
 Mr. Brathwaite of the Post Office. 
 
 In such a company it is not surprising that Literature 
 and the Fine Arts should form a large part of the conversa- 
 tion. The Alderman was complimented on the liberal 
 encouragement he had given to the art of Engraving, and 
 the remarkable fact that by the exertions of an individual 
 an important change should have been made in the com- 
 merce of the country, and the balance of trade with the 
 Continent so signally turned in our favour. The Aider- 
 man, acknowledging the compliment, said he was not yet 
 satisfied with his efforts ; that, old as he was, he still che- 
 rished the ambition to refute the stigma cast upon us by 
 foreigners, that England possessed no genius for historical 
 painting. The success, which he had been the fortunate 
 instrument of producing, in the art of Engraving, convinced 
 him that his countrymen only wanted proper encourage- 
 ment and fit subjects to excel in historic painting; and 
 this encouragement he would find, if subjects could be 
 found. Nicol immediately observed, that there was one 
 great national subject, on which there could be no differ- 
 ence of opinion — the Works of Shakspeare. The sugges- 
 tion was received with acclamation and adopted by the 
 Alderman ; and so early as December of the same year, 
 the plan of BoydelTs edition of Shakspeare was matured, 
 and a prospectus published. 
 
 A new and unexpected difficulty, however, arose. The 
 first application was naturally made to Sir Joshua Reynolds 
 to furnish a picture. It was deemed indispensable to 
 obtain a painting by Sir Joshua to decorate the intended 
 Shakspeare Gallery; but he received the proposal with 
 coldness, and even with aversion. He hinted that it would 
 be a degradation of his art to paint an historical picture 
 for a printseller. This was an extraordinary feeling in one, 
 
396 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 who would not have hesitated to have painted the portrait 
 of the same individual, and who had already painted an 
 admirable portrait of Mr. William Strahan, the King’s 
 printer, equally connected with trade. Boydell was now 
 in despair, but an able negotiator was found in George 
 Steevens, the celebrated editor of Shakspeare, who highly 
 approved of the plan of the magnificent edition of his 
 favourite poet, and had undertaken to revise the text. We 
 will give the account in the words of North cote the painter, 
 who had been Sir Joshua’s pupil. “ George Steevens, the 
 editor of Shakspeare, undertook to persuade him to com- 
 ply, and taking a Bank bill of five hundred pounds in his 
 hand, had an interview with Sir Joshua; and, while using 
 all his eloquence in argument, he in the meantime slipt 
 the Bank bill into his hand, he then soon found that this 
 mode of reasoning was not to be resisted, and a picture was 
 promised.” (Northcote’s Life of Sir J. Reynolds, vol. ii, 
 p. 226 .) The painting from the scene of Macbeth meeting 
 the Witches with their cauldron was the first contribution 
 of Sir Joshua to the Shakspeare Gallery ; for this Boydell 
 paid him a thousand pounds. The Death of Cardinal 
 Beaufort was the next ; for this Sir Joshua received five 
 hundred pounds. Puck was the last picture he painted for 
 the Gallery. The picture of Macbeth was at first attacked 
 with severe and unmerited criticism. “ My own opinion 
 of this piece,” says Northcote, “is that the visionary and 
 awful effect produced both in the conception and execution 
 of the background of this picture is certainly without a 
 parallel in the world ; its novelty and its excellence bid 
 defiance to all future attempts at rivalry. Had the figure 
 of Macbeth been but equal in the requisite to this appalling 
 scene, the picture would have stood without a companion 
 on earth.” 
 
 Sir Joshua’s assistance being secured, and his counte- 
 nance thus given, no difficulty could present itself on the 
 part of any other artist. Indeed, the most eminent 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 397 
 
 painters highly approved of the design, and the work now 
 proceeded with all reasonable speed. The Shakspeare 
 Gallery was opened in Pall Mall in 1789.* In the preface 
 to the descriptive Catalogue of the Pictures, Boydeli says, 
 “ I hope upon inspection of what has been done, and is now 
 doing, the subscribers will be satisfied with the exertions 
 that have been made, and will think that their confidence 
 has not been misplaced ; especially when they consider the 
 difficulties that a great undertaking, like the present, has 
 to encounter where Historical Painting is still but in its 
 infancy. To advance that art towards maturity, and to 
 establish an English school of historical fainting was the 
 great object of the present design.” By what stretch 
 of ingenuity pictures like Dogberry, Verges, the Town- 
 Clerk and Sexton, by Smirke : — Mrs. Page and Mrs. Ford, 
 by Peters — Justice Shallow, Falstaff, Bardolph and Bull- 
 calf, by Douro — or Fuselis picture of Titania, Queen of 
 the Fairies, Bottom, &c. — could be included in the category 
 of historical painting, we are at a loss to conjecture. But 
 if Boydeli did not establish a school of Historical painting, 
 he did better — he instituted a school of English painting, 
 in which every artist in the kingdom might display his 
 peculiar genius, taste and fancy. The picturesquef beau- 
 ties of Shakspeare afforded a boundless field for the display 
 of every description of talent, for it has been truly said of 
 our immortal bard, that 
 
 “ Each change of many-coloured life he drew, 
 
 Exhausted worlds, and then imagined new.” 
 
 And from these creations of his imagination the artist was 
 
 * The premises which formed the Shakspeare Gallery are now the property 
 of the British Institution, but the statue of Shakspeare, by Banks, in alto- 
 relievo, remains, and faces the front of the building in Pall Mall. 
 
 t We use, with a little latitude, the word “ picturesque” in the sense 
 employed by Gilpin. He defines picturesque objects to be those which 
 please from some quality capable of being illustrated in painting, or such 
 objects as are proper for painting . 
 
398 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 at liberty to select and embody what was most congenial 
 to his own talent. Another great advantage to the fine 
 arts afforded by the Shakspeare Gallery was, every artist 
 could contemplate the works of his contemporaries, and 
 instead of trusting to the resources of his own single mind, 
 collect valuable suggestions from the varied excellence 
 placed before him, and become familiarly acquainted with 
 the very last line and boundary to which science had ad- 
 vanced, and skilfully apply the acquired knowledge to his 
 own use. “The greatest natural genius,” observes Sir 
 Joshua Reynolds, “cannot subsist on its own stock; he 
 who resolves never to ransack any mind but his own, will 
 be soon reduced from mere barrenness to the poorest of all 
 imitations ; he will be obliged to imitate himself, and to 
 repeat what he has before repeated. When we know the 
 subject designed by such men, it will never be difficult to 
 guess what kind of work is to be produced.” 
 
 When the Shakspeare Gallery was first opened, the 
 exhibition was crowded with visitors, and continued to be 
 so for several years. Every thing seemed to promise suc- 
 cess, when that stupendous event, the French Revolution, 
 burst like a torrent on the astonished world. Its fatal 
 effects were felt throughout Europe, and all commerce con- 
 nected with the fine arts was paralysed. Boydell no longer 
 received orders of any consequence from the Continent, 
 but still he struggled manfully with his difficulties. It is 
 painful to proceed — the Shakspeare was completed, — 
 but its Projector was ruined. He communicated his 
 embarrassments to his friends. Great sympathy was felt 
 for one, who clearly shewed that he had expended three 
 hundred and fifty thousand pounds in his efforts to pro- 
 mote the fine arts. Government, recognizing his merit, 
 allowed him to dispose of the Shakspeare Gallery, and a 
 portion of his stock, by lottery. The sale of the tickets 
 proved extremely successful, and he lived to know that the 
 last ticket was sold shortly before his death. He died 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 399 
 
 December 11, 1804, aged 85. The produce of the sale of 
 tlie tickets discharged all his debts, and left a considerable 
 surplus to his descendants.* Tassie, of Leicester Square, 
 the dealer in gems, was the fortunate gainer of the grand 
 prize, and the Shakspeare Gallery became his property. 
 If Boydell really intended to make “ A Sacrifice on the 
 Altar of Avarice,” never was sacrifice attended with a 
 more unfortunate result. 
 
 381. 
 
 BOMBARDINIAN CONFERRING UPON STATE 
 AFFAIRS WITH ONE IN OFFICE. 
 
 “ Important Blanks in Nature’s mighty roll.” — Churchill. 
 
 SIR GREY COOPER, SECRETARY TO THE TREASURY. 
 
 LIEUT. -GENERAL SIR ROBERT HAMILTON. 
 
 Sir Grey Cooper says, “ Then — my Lord introduced the 
 affair you and I know of.” General Hamilton replies, 
 “ Hum. — Aye. — Mum.” This is intended as a satire on 
 General Hamilton's self-importance, and his affectation of 
 being acquainted with secrets of State, and mysteries of 
 the Cabinet. The following is the account given of Sir 
 Robert Hamilton in Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 
 under the head of “ Hamilton of Silverton Hall.” “ Sir 
 Robert Hamilton. — This gentleman having adopted the 
 profession of arms, attained the rank of Lieutenant-Gene- 
 ral, and was Colonel of the 108th foot, a regiment reduced 
 at the peace in 1 763, when General Hamilton was appointed 
 
 * His niece Mrs. Nicol (formerly Mary Boydell) inherited her uncle’s taste 
 for the fine arts. She was a most amiable lady. She formed a very fine col- 
 lection of modern prints, the great part of which was purchased by the late 
 Duke of Buckingham by private contract ; the remainder was sold by auction 
 by Mr. Evans. Her supreme delight was to obtain a choice impression of a 
 print, — and to make others happy, 
 t Lord North. 
 
 2 D 
 
400 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 to the Colonelcy of the 40th. Sir Robert married first, 
 Mary, daughter of W. Price Williams, Esq., by whom he 
 had one son. He married, secondly, in 1775, Anne, daugh- 
 ter of Sir John Heathcote, Bart, of Normanton, in the 
 county of Rutland, and was succeeded at his decease, by 
 his grandson, the present baronet/ 5 He died in August, 
 1786. 
 
 This print is without date ; it was probably executed 
 about 1780 or 1781 ; it cannot be later than March, 1782, 
 as Sir Grey Cooper retired from office on the dismissal of 
 Lord North’s administration. The spectator will observe, 
 behind Sir Robert Hamilton, a porter with a package on 
 his head, and a female with child-bed linen under her arm ; 
 they are about to knock at the door of Lieut. -General 
 Bombardinian ; the position of the two dogs must also be 
 remarked ; there is a temple on the upper corner of the 
 print, a cart is standing before it, emptying out some filth. 
 A pun is intended on the first syllable of the appellation 
 which Gillray has bestowed on the General. We cannot 
 be more particular in our allusions. 
 
 “ Tu, quem Nequitise Procaciores 
 Delectant nimium, salesque midi,” 
 
 must search them out in the scandalous chronicles of the 
 day. 
 
 382. 
 
 A PEEP INTO THE SHAKSPEARE GALLERY. 
 
 April 26th, 1?91. 
 
 ALDERMAN BOYDELL. 
 
 Some pictures in Alderman Boydelks Shakspeare Gal- 
 lery were wantonly cut, upon which his enemies set abroad 
 a report that he had secretly cut them himself, in order to 
 excite public sympathy. The libel is here embodied in 
 graphic representations, and is rendered more bitter by the 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 401 
 
 allusion contained in the words erased “ The monster 
 broke loose,” as though it had been an old plate turned to 
 a new purpose. The “ Monster” was Renwick "Williams, 
 who excited public terror and indignation by prowling 
 about the streets in the West End, and cutting and stabbing 
 ladies. He was sentenced to six years’ imprisonment for 
 wounding a young lady in St. James’s Street. 
 
 This print exhibits a whole-length portrait of Boy dell ; 
 he has a large knife in his hand, and is cutting one of the 
 pictures in the Shakspeare Gallery. He says to himself, 
 “ There ! there ! there’s a nice gash ! There ! this will 
 be a glorious subject for to make a fuss about in the 
 newspapers ; a hundred guineas reward will make a fine 
 sound. O, there will be fine talking about the Gallery, 
 and it will bring a rare sight of shillings for seeing of the 
 Cut Pictures ; — there, and there, again. Egad ! there’s 
 nothing like having a good head-piece ! Here ! here ! and 
 there ! there ! and then these small pictures won’t cost 
 a great deal of money replacing ; indeed, one would not 
 like to cut a large one to pieces for the sake of making 
 it look as if people envied us. No ! that would cost 
 rather too much, as my pocket begins — but mum — that’s 
 nothing to nobody. Well, none can blame me for going 
 the cheapest way to work, to keep up the respectability 
 of the Gallery ; — -there, there, there, there !” 
 
 Gillray is, in general, a good-natured satirist ; he play- 
 fully ridicules the foibles or follies of the age, and only 
 lashes vice with a justifiable severity. But he has here 
 pursued Boydell with a rancour which would almost seem 
 to arise from resentment of some supposed injury or per- 
 sonal affront. This Plate must be allowed to be an 
 indefensible attack on the moral character of a man who 
 would have scorned the act ungenerously imputed to him. 
 Boydell had the ill luck to have his publications, and their 
 appearance by subscription, attacked by another able 
 satirist — by Mathias, in his Pursuits of Literature : — 
 
 2 d 2 
 
402 
 
 gillray's caricatures. 
 
 t{ Shall I new anecdotes from darkness draw. 
 
 Which e’en Strawberrian Horace never saw ; 
 
 Prefix some painting, or antique vignette, 
 
 To please old Boydell’s fond subscribing set, 
 
 With wire-wove, hot-pressed paper’s glossy glare, 
 
 Blind all the wise, and make the stupid stare.” 
 
 Mathias, however, subsequently paid his homage to the 
 press of Bulmer, the printer of Boy dell's Shakspeare, by 
 printing at his office the beautiful series of the Italian 
 publications edited by himself; also his edition of Gray's 
 Works, in 2 vols. 4to, and the Pursuits of Literature, 
 in 4to. 
 
 If Boy dell was the object of unjust satire, he was, at 
 least, in one instance, the subject of unfounded panegyric. 
 The Bev. Mr. Perring, a student of Christchurch, Oxford, 
 preached a sermon, on the 8th of January, 1804, before 
 the Corporation of London, in which he pronounced a 
 panegyric on the Corporation generally, and then said, 
 there was one among them who had contributed greatly 
 to the promotion of the Fine Arts. “ He has, at a great 
 expense, adorned a magnificent Bible the Bev. Divine 
 having thus confounded Boydell's Shakspeare with Mack- 
 lin's Bible. 
 
 We are not anxious to bestow indiscriminate praise on 
 Boydell, or conceal an instance of his weakness. We 
 think Gillray might have found a fair subject for carica- 
 ture in Boydell's absurd vanity in parading up and down 
 the Shakspeare Gallery decorated with the gold chain he 
 wore as Sheriff of London, many years after the expira- 
 tion of his Sheriffalty. Boydell, however, considered this 
 chain as the symbol of the success of his undertakings, 
 and we may, perhaps, be allowed to plead, in extenuation, 
 the good-natured apology of Sydney Smith for similar 
 displays of ostentation : “ There are some sayings in our 
 language about merit being always united with modesty , 
 &c. (I suppose because they both begin with an m , for 
 alliteration has a great power over proverbs, and proverbs 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 403 
 
 over public opinion;) but I fancy, tbat in the majority of 
 instances, the fact is directly the reverse.” Sydney Smith’s 
 Moral Philosophy, 1850, p. 9 ) 
 
 383. 
 
 THE FINISHING TOUCH. Sept. 29th, 1791. 
 
 LADY ARCHER. 
 
 A characteristic picture of this celebrated lady, equally 
 remarkable for the love of play and the love of driving. 
 She was esteemed one of the best whips of the day. We 
 have a perfect recollection of her, and can testify that the 
 portrait is an admirable likeness. We have stated, in a 
 former article, that Lady Archer used to have her face 
 enamelled ; she is here seated at her toilet, putting on the 
 Finishing Touch of rouge. Bate Dudly has thus described 
 her : — 
 
 “ Mine was the earlie arte 
 
 To banish Nature’s blushes from the cheeke ! 
 
 I learnt it of a dyer’s wife in Spaine, 
 
 Whose face in Tyrian die was so engrain’d, 
 
 That Turkie cocks assail’d her as she past.” 
 
 Vortigern and Rowena, vol. i. p. 29. 
 
 384. 
 
 LA DERNIERE RESSOURCE; or, VAN BUT- 
 
 CHELL’S GARTERS. Oct. 3rd, 1791. 
 
 HONOURABLE MRS. HOBART (LADY BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.) 
 
 The Honourable Mrs. Hobart has her right leg placed 
 on a footstool; she is putting on the garters of Van But- 
 chell. On the right hand corner of the room there is a 
 picture representing Nina terrified at the sudden appear- 
 ance of the supposed ghost of her lover kneeling before 
 her, and making protestations of his affection. 
 
 The story of Nina was very popular in France, and gave 
 rise to a Play and a Novel, bearing her name. Le Texier 
 read the French Play in London in the course of his Dra- 
 matic Readings. It particularly attracted the attention of 
 
404 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 Mrs. Hobart, and she procured a translation to be made, 
 which was published with the following title, “Nina, or 
 the Madness of Love,” a Comedy,* translated from the 
 French. Prefixed is a Dedication : “ To the Honourable 
 Mrs. Hobart, this translation of Nina, a work that is 
 much indebted to her for the fame it has received in this 
 country.” The name of the translator or dedicator is not 
 given, but it was George Monck Berkeley. The date of 
 1787 is subscribed to the advertisement. 
 
 Mrs. Hobart, now better known as Lady Buckingham- 
 shire, was a distinguished votary of fashion ; still more 
 celebrated for her love of play, and the far-famed loss of 
 her faro-bank and its contents. She lived in St. James’s 
 Square, next door to Dr. Porteus, Bishop of London, — to 
 the great annoyance of that worthy Prelate. A large 
 assemblage of persons met at her house almost every 
 evening, to indulge their passion for play, Sunday not 
 excepted, until the Bishop sent her a letter of remon- 
 strance on the violation of the Sabbath. — Sacred music 
 was said to be substituted. 
 
 The Hon. Mrs. Hobart had two sons and two daughters ; 
 both her sons died. We presume Gillray has depicted her 
 as trying on the garters of Y an Butchell as her “ Derniere 
 Bessource,” — her last hope of obtaining a healthy and 
 vigorous heir to the title and estates to which her husband 
 
 * In the Comedy, Germeuil, the Lover of Nina, has been detained in the 
 country much longer than he expected. — A report of his death is circulated, 
 and obtains credit. Nina is overwhelmed with sorrow ; the affliction produces 
 an aberration of mind. One day, when she was walking in her father’s 
 garden, attended by her companion Eliza, Germeuil suddenly appeared, and 
 threw himself at her feet, with many protestations of love. The frantic Nina 
 supposed it to be his apparition. This is the subject of the picture hanging up 
 in Mrs. Hobart’s room. Mr. Berkeley, in his dedication, says, the Comedy “ is 
 much indebted to her for the fame it has acquired in this country it is there- 
 fore extremely probable that she performed the character of Nina in the 
 Private Theatricals at Brandenburgh House, then the residence of the Margra- 
 vine of Anspach. — We know that she performed in the Dramatic Entertain- 
 ments given there. Gillray has depicted her in the character of Cowslip, — see 
 Plate 403. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 405 
 
 was next in succession. We know not whether there be 
 any foundation for the insinuation intended to be conveyed, 
 but it is not incredible. It is not easy to calculate the 
 extravagant expectations and fatuity of credulity. We 
 know that Dr. Graham attracted many persons of rank 
 and fashion, merchants and opulent tradesmen, to his 
 “ Temple of Health”* in Pall Mall, to sleep in his “ Celes- 
 tial Bed,” which he promised would be attended with the 
 efficacy, which Mrs. Hobart is said to have expected from 
 the garters of Yan Butchell. 
 
 Martin Yan Butchell must not be confounded with the 
 ordinary class of empirics. His father was tapestry-maker 
 to George II., to which was attached a salary of fifty 
 pounds per annum. He had his son instructed in the 
 French language, then an attainment rarely acquired by 
 persons in the inferior situations of life. He lived in the 
 parish of Lambeth, near the place where the Obelisk now 
 stands, and close to a house of entertainment called “ The 
 Dog and Duck,” which had a garden annexed to it, in 
 humble imitation of Y auxhall. The father of Y an Butchell 
 let his house out in lodgings ; foreigners often took apart- 
 ments in it, and young Yan Butchell, from his knowledge 
 of French, acted as valet- de-place to them : he possessed 
 very agreeable manners, and recommended himself by 
 these means to his employers. Sir Thomas Bobinson en- 
 gaged him as travelling tutor to his son, but he eventually 
 declined the offer, having been informed that Sir Thomas 
 was extremely arbitrary, and that his situation would be 
 very uncomfortable. He then entered into the service of 
 Yiscountess Talbot, as Groom of the Chambers, and re- 
 mained with her nine years. The situation must have 
 been both easy and lucrative, as he was enabled to prose- 
 cute his favourite studies of Mathematics and Medicine — 
 particularly Anatomy. The money he had saved in Lady 
 
 * Dr. Graham’s “Temple of Health” was the house in Pall Mall, lately 
 occupied by Messrs. Payne and Foss, the eminent booksellers. 
 
406 
 
 gillray's caricatures. 
 
 Talbot's service enabled him to place himself as a pupil 
 under the celebrated John Hunter. At the expiration of 
 his pupilage, he commenced business as a dentist,* and 
 acquired so much reputation, that a lady is said to have 
 paid him eighty guineas for a set of teeth. His eccentricity 
 now began to develope itself. — He applied to the Marquis 
 of Salisbury, then Lord Chamberlain, to be appointed 
 dentist to his Majesty; and on the Marquis declining to 
 make the appointment, he inserted an advertisement in 
 the newspapers — “ That the Marquis of Salisbury need not 
 trouble himself to apply to his Majesty to appoint Mr. 
 Yan Butchell his dentist." He now extended his busi- 
 ness, and acted as a general practitioner. He is said to 
 have possessed considerable knowledge of his profession ; 
 and an assiduous student under John Hunter could have 
 scarcely failed to acquire skill. He was very successful in 
 curing Fistulas without cutting. He seems to have consi- 
 dered the medical profession overstocked in London ; and 
 that the only method by which a practitioner, without 
 connections, could hope to attract attention, was to affect 
 eccentricity. Accordingly he rode about town with a long 
 beard, and painted various coloured spots on his white 
 horse. But his principal reliance seems to have been on his 
 eccentric advertisements. We will insert two specimens. 
 
 “ Causes of Crim. Con. — Barrenness. — And the King's 
 Evil; — Advice,- — One Guinea. — Come from ten till one, — 
 for I go to none. The Anatomist and Sympathizer, — 
 who never poisons, — nor sheds human blood. — Balm is 
 always good." And again : — “ British Christian Lads. 
 Behold — Now is the day of salvation.— Get understand- 
 ing, — as the highest gain. — Cease looking boyish. — Become 
 quite manly. — Girls are fond of hair." 
 
 The death of his first wife afforded another opportunity 
 
 * John Hunter, under whom Yan Butchell studied, gave lectures to his 
 pupils on the natural history and diseases of the teeth ; which he afterwards 
 published in quarto. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 407 
 
 for obtaining notoriety. He caused her to be dissected. 
 Mr. Cruikshank,* the celebrated surgeon, told the writer of 
 this article, that when the dissection was about to com- 
 mence, he requested Mr. VanButchell to withdraw, as the 
 spectacle would be too painful for a husband to witness, 
 but he declined, saying that he had always devoted his 
 particular attention to anatomy, and he felt bound to be 
 present at the operation. When his wife’s eyes were about 
 to be extracted, he was again entreated to retire, as the 
 sudden turning up of her eyes upon him might powerfully 
 affect his feelings ; but he was inexorable ; he remained 
 unto the end. We are persuaded that the whole scene 
 was intended by him for effect in the newspapers. His 
 wife’s body is now deposited in the museum of the College 
 of Surgeons. The reader who may be desirous to obtain 
 further particulars of him may consult Kirby’s Wonderful 
 Museum, vol. 1, p. 191, and Caulfield’s Eccentric Magazine, 
 4to. vol. 1. 
 
 385. 
 
 PATENT BOLSTERS;— LE MO YEN D’ETRE EN 
 BON-POINT. Oct . 18 th, 1791. 
 
 MRS. FITZHERBERT. 
 
 About this period female dress seems to have attained 
 the climax of absurdity, we had almost said of indelicacy. 
 Ladies of rank thought proper to invest themselves with 
 “ Pads” to affect pregnancy ; this gross folly was not con- 
 fined to married ladies, but, proh pudor ! extended to 
 widows, and even to ladies who never had husbands, f 
 Fashion always descends with a rapid step. Imitators 
 were soon found in every class of society. Milliners and 
 
 * Mr. Cruikshank was first the pupil, then the anatomical assistant, and 
 ultimately the partner of Dr. Wm. Hunter in Anatomy. 
 
 t It is surprising that young unmarried ladies of the highest respectability 
 could thus expose themselves to the remark of Sheridan’s Mrs. Candour — 
 “ Poor dear girl, who knows what her situation may be ?" 
 
408 
 
 GILL RAY’S CARICATURES. 
 
 mantua makers exhibited in their windows pads suited 
 to every stage of pregnancy. This justly subjected the 
 wearers to ridicule and satire. We shall give an extract 
 from a tract called “ Humorous Hints to Ladies of Fashion, 
 who wish to appear Pregnant, 1793.” “The parks, the 
 theatres, every place of public resort present such a preg- 
 nant display, that a foreigner just arrived would suppose 
 all the distinguished heroes of Ireland had driven English- 
 men into exile, and had planted their standards uncon- 
 trolled in the fields of Venus throughout Great Britain.” 
 
 Indeed, we might say with Hudibras : — 
 
 “ Yes, ’tis in vain to think to guess 
 At women by appearances. ” 
 
 There was published, “ The Pad, a Farce in one act (by 
 Robert Woodbridge), performed at Covent Garden with 
 considerable applause, 1793, 8vo.” “An amusing Satire 
 on a ridiculous and indecent Female Fashion of the day, 
 the wearing of a false Protuberance about the Waist, by 
 which it was rendered difficult to distinguish the pure Maid 
 from the pregnant Matron.” See Biographia Hramatica, 
 1812. 
 
 The fashionable female folly did not however cease here. 
 The protuberances caused by the pads in the front of the 
 waist, were rivalled by exuberant projections at their hacks. 
 
 “The subject of dress,” says the Rev. J. P. Malcolm, 
 “ is now nearly exhausted, but I cannot part with the fol- 
 lies of thirty years without permitting an observer to speak 
 of one of them.” “ Among the many enormous exube- 
 rances of modern dress, I believe there is one lately sprung 
 up, which you may not have noticed. You will perhaps 
 be surprised when I tell you it is the cork rump. To ex- 
 plain this technical term, you are to know that the ladies 
 have thought it conducive to elegance to make an addition 
 to the hinder part of their dress, by sewing several pieces 
 of cork under the straps of their stays, in order that by the 
 protuberance of this new addition to the rump, their waist 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 409 
 
 may seem the smaller and the more delicate.’ 7 (See Mal- 
 colm’s Anecdotes of the Manners and Customs of London 
 during the 18th century, 4to. p. 448.) 
 
 This dress-epidemic could not last long. The good 
 sense of our fair countrywomen was sure to prevail, and 
 repudiate these excrescences.* We have great pleasure in 
 extracting from Malcolm the following paragraph. 
 
 “ The ladies have at length, much to their honour, 
 thrown aside these hateful attempts to supply nature’s de- 
 ficiencies or omissions, the false breasts, pads and bottoms, 
 and now appear in their native grace and proportion, which 
 distinguishes an Englishwoman ; the hair cleansed from all 
 extraneous matter, shines in beautiful lustre, carelessly 
 thrown round the head, in the manner adopted by the 
 most eminent Grecian sculptors, and the form appears 
 through their snow-white draperies in that fascinating 
 manner, which excludes the least thought of impropriety. 
 Their hats and bonnets of straw, chip and beaver are gene- 
 rally well-proportioned and handsome, and their velvet 
 pelisses, shawls and silk spencers are contrived to improve, 
 rather than injure the form.” (Malcolm, p. 448.) 
 
 386. 
 
 AN ANGEL GLIDING ON A SUNBEAM INTO 
 PARADISE. Oct. llth , 1791. 
 
 MRS. SCHWELENBERG. 
 
 The flight of the celebrated favourite of Queen Char- 
 lotte, the butt of so much of Peter Pindar’s satires, to 
 
 * The French gave the various appellations of Boufant, Panier, or Tour- 
 nure, to the cork rump. Our Gallic neighbours, however, entertained a dif- 
 ferent opinion of the delicacy of its use from what we have ventured to express. 
 “ Ces paniers qui d’abord n’avoient ete faits que pour donner a la robe un 
 peu plus de developpement prirent un tel accroissement que leur largeur fut 
 portee jusqu’a quatre pieds. Lorsque la jeune Marie Antoinette voulut, le 
 matin au moins, se debarrasser d’un vetement aussi ridicule que difforme, on 
 l’accusa d’indecence.” (See “ Dictionnaire de la Conversation et de la Lec- 
 ture,” vol. 17. Paris, 1835. Article, — Costume.) 
 
410 
 
 gillray's caricatures. 
 
 Hanover, laden with her savings. An amusing account of 
 Mrs. Schellenberg will he found in Madame Darblay's 
 Diary. 
 
 387- 
 
 BRITANNIA. June 25 th , 1791. 
 
 A rather ludicrous burlesque on the map of Great Bri- 
 tain, the work of some amateur artist, and etched by 
 Gillray. 
 
 388. 
 
 A WITCH, UPON A MOUNT'S EDGE. 
 
 Oct . 17 th 3 1791. 
 
 LADY MOUNT-EDGECUMBE. 
 
 A caricature of Lady Mount-Edgecumbe, and a play 
 upon her name. 
 
 389. 
 
 LES TROIS MAGOTS. THE THREE SCAMPS. 
 
 Nov. 1 st, 1791. 
 
 THE THREE BARRYMORES. 
 
 The Earl of Barrymore and his two brothers, three of 
 the wildest rakes of the day, whose follies were so noto- 
 rious and extravagant, that they received the popular 
 nicknames of Newgate, Hellgate, and Cripplegate. They 
 had a sister, to whom the Prince of Wales gave the nick- 
 name of Billingsgate. 
 
 390. 
 
 THE POWER OF BEAUTY- ST. CECILIA CHARM- 
 ING THE BRUTE ; or, THE SEDUCTION OF 
 THE WELCH AMBASSADOR. Feb. 1792. 
 
 SIR W. W. WYNNE. (?) LADY CECILIA JOHNSTON. 
 
 Some forgotten anecdote of the scandal of the day. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 411 
 
 391. 
 
 LE COCHON ET SES DEUX PETITES ; or, RICH 
 PICKINGS FOR A NOBLE APPETITE. May, 1792. 
 
 DUKE OF NORFOLK. 
 
 Another subject of contemporary scandal, the hero of 
 which, in this instance, is the celebrated Duke of Nor- 
 folk, who was nicknamed the Royal Duke, because he was 
 always drunk, or, to use the vulgar phrase, “ royal.” Gill- 
 ray has frequently represented him as an inebriated votary 
 of Bacchus; he has here represented him sacrificing to 
 Venus. After dining at the Piazza Coffee House, he would 
 sally forth, and in a state of intoxication might be seen in 
 the saloons of the theatres, or other places of public resort, 
 seated on a sofa between a couple of fair Cyprians, quaffing 
 his wine and conversing with them. He used to wear a 
 grey coat, turned up with a black velvet collar, black small 
 clothes, and black silk stockings, and would ask them, “ If 
 they could take up with a country curate.” 
 
 392. 
 
 ST. CECILIA. April ZAth, 1782. 
 
 LADY C. JOHNSTON. 
 
 Sir Joshua Reynolds had painted a picture of Mrs. She- 
 ridan in the character of St. Cecilia, the patroness of music 
 and singing. She is seated before a harpsichord. To 
 mark her amiability, he placed two children on her lap, to 
 amuse whom she is playing and singing. “ Among the 
 families visited by Mr. and Mrs. Sheridan,” says Moore, 
 “ was that of Mr. Coote (Purden) , at whose musical parties 
 Mrs. Sheridan frequently sung, accompanied occasionally 
 by the two little daughters of Mr. Coote, who were the 
 originals of the children introduced into Sir Joshua Rey- 
 nolds’s picture of Mrs. Sheridan as St. Cecilia.” Moore 
 has subjoined this most interesting note to this passage. 
 
412 
 
 GILLRAY ? S CARICATURES. 
 
 “ The charm of her singing, as well as her fondness for 
 children, are interestingly described in a letter to my 
 friend Mr. Rogers, from one of the most tasteful writers of 
 the present day. :■ — f Hers was truly “ a voice of the cherub 
 choir,” and she was always ready to sing without any 
 pressing. She sang here a great deal, and to my infinite 
 delight ; but what had a peculiar charm was, that she used 
 to take my daughter, then a child, on her lap, and sing a 
 number of childish songs, with such a playfulness of man- 
 ner, and such a sweetness of look and voice, as was quite 
 enchanting/ ” 
 
 This print is a parody on Sir Joshua’s picture. Gillray 
 has represented Lady Cecilia J ohnston playing on a harp- 
 sichord, hut instead of the two children has substituted 
 two cats, to denote her irritable and peevish temper. The 
 manners of Mrs. Sheridan are universally allowed to have 
 been most fascinating; whether there really were any 
 grounds for Gillray’s sarcasm we are unable to discover; 
 if well founded we might say with Hamlet : — 
 
 “ Look here upon this picture, — and on this.” 
 
 393. 
 
 A SPENCER AND A THREADPAPER. 
 
 May 17 th, 1792. 
 
 A satire on the costume of the day. One of the charac- 
 ters may possibly be Lord Spencer. 
 
 394. 
 
 A VESTAL OF —93, TRYING ON THE CESTUS 
 
 OF VENUS. April 29th, 1793. 
 
 “ Upon her fragant breast the zone was brac’d ; 
 
 In it was every art, and every charm 
 
 To win the wisest, and the coldest warm.” 
 
 Engraved from a basso-relievo , lately found upon some fragments of 
 Antiquity. 
 
 LADY CECILIA JOHNSTON. 
 
 Lady Henrietta Cecilia (whose maiden name was West), 
 was the daughter of the Earl of Delawarr by his wife, the 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 413 
 
 Lady Charlotte Macarty. She was bom January 25, 1727, 
 and married May 4, 1762, to Lieut. -General James 
 J ohnston. 
 
 Burke, in his Supplementary Volume to the History of 
 the Landed Gentry, gives the following account of her 
 husband. “ J&nes Johnston, born in Dublin, was 
 appointed Cornet of Hawley’s (13th Dragoons) in 173 6, 
 and on General Hawley’s removal to the 1st Royal 
 Dragoons in 1739, was transferred to that corps, and 
 served with it at Dettingen, and the campaign in Flanders, 
 where he obtained the Majority of the regiment in May 
 1745, having repeatedly distinguished himself in affairs of 
 outposts. He was promoted to the Lieut. -Colonelcy of 
 the 13th, Mostyn’s Dragoons, in 1754; and on his friend. 
 General Conway, being appointed Colonel of the Royal 
 Dragoons, he was again transferred to that corps and pro- 
 ceeded in command of it to join the Allied Army, under 
 the command of Ferdinand of Brunswick. Here again 
 he was particularly distinguished on several occasions, 
 especially at Warburgh, Kirk Deuchern, and Kampfen ; 
 in the latter affair he was severely wounded. In 1?62, he 
 was appointed Major-General in Germany, and continued 
 to serve with that rank till the close of the war. On the 
 Army marching into winter- quarters in Nov. 1762, the 
 Hereditary Prince of Brunswick, under whose command 
 he had formerly been engaged with the enemy, particularly 
 at Kampfen, sent General Johnston a very handsome 
 gold snuff-box with a flattering autograph letter, begging 
 his acceptance of it. Peace being signed, the English 
 regiments returned to England in 1763, and in the 
 autumn of that year, Major-General Johnston was ap- 
 pointed Lieut. -Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the 
 Island of Minorca, whither he proceeded immediately, and 
 retained that command till 1774, when he returned to 
 England. From that period until his decease, he was 
 much employed on the staff at home; and for several 
 
414 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 years commanded camps of exercise, which were formed 
 on Salisbury Plain. He died in Dec. 1797, being a 
 General in the Army, Colonel of the Inniskillen Dragoons, 
 and commanding the Eastern District, consisting of the 
 counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, and Essex. General John- 
 ston, when Major in the Royal Dragoons, was reputed the 
 handsomest man , and best swordsman in the army ; and 
 many anecdotes are told of his exploits both in the field 
 and in casual rencontres, which in those days, when no 
 gentleman ever went out without his sword, were of 
 frequent occurrence. Although of a Scotch family, 
 he was, from the circumstance of his being born at Dublin, 
 usually called Irish Johnston, and is so called by Horace 
 Walpole, who frequently mentions him in his letters to 
 Sir Horace Mann, Marshal Conway, &c., to distinguish him 
 from his relation of the same name and standing in the 
 army, who died Colonel of the Scotch Greys, in 1795. 
 By his wife, the Lady H. Cecilia West, eldest daughter of 
 John, Earl of Delawarr, he had a daughter Caroline, mar- 
 ried to Colonel Evelyn Anderson,* brother to Charles, first 
 Lord Yarborough, who died in 1823, leaving no issue — 
 and one son.” Thus far, Burke in his History of the 
 Landed Gentry : we may add that Lady Cecilia had another 
 daughter, Hester Maria, who died in her infancy; and 
 that her son, Henry George, was Major of the Yorkshire 
 Hussars. He died before his mother. 
 
 In this print, Gillray has depicted Lady Cecilia Johnston 
 as a Yestal of — 93, that is, of 1793. She is in a sitting 
 posture, with Ovid’s Art of Love in her pocket. Cupid is 
 encircling her with the Cestus of Venus, (< a pad) which 
 one of the attendant Loves is adjusting to her person, and 
 Cupid is preparing to fasten it on, while another of the 
 Loves holds up a mirror, in which the delighted Lady 
 Cecilia surveys herself with transports of delight. The 
 arrows are falling out of Cupid’s quiver, and his bow with 
 
 * Of the county of Lincoln. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 415 
 
 an arrow in it lies below him. On the left of the print is a 
 fire burning on the altar of Vesta. 
 
 This print and its inscription, puzzled us extremely. 
 We were aware there would be no mythological impro- 
 priety in investing a married woman with the Cestus of 
 Venus, because Homer makes Juno borrow it to recover 
 the waning affections of Jupiter : but we could not com- 
 prehend by what licence of sarcasm, or caricature, Lady 
 Cecilia Johnston, a lady of unblemished character, who 
 had been married upwards of thirty years and had three 
 children, could be denominated a vestal, and represented 
 as superintending the sacred fire on the altar of Vesta. 
 We applied to an eminent collector to inquire if he could 
 account for this representation of Lady Cecilia Johnston, 
 and were informed, the plate had been altered from the 
 original design ; a former portrait having been effaced, 
 and that of Lady Cecilia substituted. “Ibi effusus est 
 omnis labor.” The problem was solved. Gillray in altering 
 the plate, forgot to remove the altar of Vesta, and make 
 a corresponding change in the inscription. He gratified 
 his spleen, but the incongruity injured his print. 
 
 This exemplifies a remark of the Duke of Norfolk, 
 that he never knew a painting altered,* without some 
 
 * The Duke’s remark is equally applicable to literary compositions. 
 When Pope first published the Dunciad, he made Theobald the hero of the 
 poem, in revenge of Theobald’s attack on his translation of Homer, and his 
 edition of Shakspeare; having subsequently quarrelled with Cibber, he 
 dethroned Theobald, and elevated Cibber to the unenviable pre-eminence ; 
 but the shafts of ridicule, which were successfully levelled against Theobald’s 
 feeble attempts at emendatory criticism, his love of black-letter literature, 
 and 
 
 “ All such reading as was never read,” 
 
 fell pointless on the author of the Careless Husband ; Theobald and Cibber 
 had no pursuits in common. One splendid exception, however, must be made 
 to the general remark on the usual infelicity of alterations and reconstruc- 
 tions of literary compositions. The enlargement of the Rape of the Lock 
 by the introduction of the machinery of the Sylphs and Gnomes, is one of 
 the finest conceptions of modern genius, and is managed with consummate 
 skill and judgment. 
 
 2 E 
 
416 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 material injury to it. When the Duke repaired and 
 enlarged Arundel Castle, he converted the Chapel into a 
 dining-room, at one end of which he placed a very large 
 painted window, executed by Eginton. It represents 
 King Solomon (the Duke of Norfolk) entertaining the 
 Queen of Sheba at a banquet. The guests are portraits 
 of the Duke’s family or friends; among them is Lady 
 Elizabeth Howard, third daughter of the last Lord 
 Eauconberg, and wife of Bernard Edwin Howard, Esq. 
 After the painting was completed, but before it was put 
 up, Lady Elizabeth eloped with Lord Lucan, and the 
 marriage was dissolved by Act of Parliament in 1794. 
 Mr. Howard was extremely urgent with the Duke to have 
 another portrait substituted for that of his divorced wife ; 
 the Duke, however, was immoveable; he said, “he was 
 sure some circumstance would be overlooked in making 
 the alteration, and the harmony of the design destroyed.” 
 The painting remains in its original state to the present 
 time, and will now, of course, be so transmitted to 
 posterity.* 
 
 We have not been able to discover the cause of Gillray’s 
 bitter attacks upon Lady Cecilia Johnston; she was a 
 votary, not a slave of fashion. The Female J ockey Club, 
 which draws severe characters of Lady Buckinghamshire, 
 Lady Archer, and many of the leading ladies, wholly ab- 
 stains from all allusion to Lady Cecilia Johnston. The 
 most solid testimony to her good conduct is, that on the 
 death of her husband, Lieut. -General Johnston, she had 
 apartments assigned to her in Hampton Court Palace, 
 
 * Dallaway in his History of Sussex, Vol. 2, part 1, Rev. A. Tierney 
 (Chaplain to the late Duke of Norfolk), in his History of the Town and 
 Castle of Arundel, and Horsfield in his History of Sussex, omit all notice 
 of this painting. Britton in his Beauties of England and Wales, mentions 
 the painting, but only notices the portraits of the Duke and Duchess of 
 Norfolk as King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba ; he erroneously places 
 the painted window in the drawing-room, instead of the banqueting-room. 
 (Beauties of England, Vol. 14, p. 81.) 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 41 7 
 
 where she continued to reside, uutil her decease in March 
 
 1817. 
 
 395. 
 
 SPOUTING. May 14th, 1792. 
 
 MRS. ARMISTEAD. FOX. 
 
 This is said to allude to a lover’s quarrel between Fox 
 and his favourite, Mrs. Armistead, which occurred about 
 this time. 
 
 396. 
 
 A DUET. May 14th, 1792. 
 
 Allusion to some story of contemporary scandal, now 
 forgotten. The gentleman is said to he a city pastrycook, 
 well known by the nickname of Captain Rolling-pin, one 
 of the last heroes of the ancient city trained hands. 
 
 397. 
 
 FLEMISH CHARACTERS. January 1st, 1793. 
 
 This and the following were engraved from sketches 
 made by Gillray during his tour through Flanders, where 
 he accompanied Loutherbourgh in 1793, to prepare for the 
 grand picture of the taking of Valenciennes. 
 
 398. 
 
 FLEMISH CHARACTERS. January 1st, 1793. 
 
 399. 
 
 AND CATCH THE LIVING MANNERS AS THEY 
 RISE. May Jth, 1794. 
 
 A satire on the ridiculous costume of this period, espe- 
 cially the enormous feathers worn by the ladies on their 
 
 2 e 2 
 
418 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 lieads. These are two exquisites of the year 1794, probably 
 members of the Manners family, judging by the title of 
 the plate, which is no doubt a pun, as well as a quotation. 
 
 This is the first of a series of plates, intended by Gillray, 
 
 (< to shew the very age and body of the times, his form and 
 pressure.” It is a satire on the enormous height of the 
 feathers worn by ladies of fashion at this period; a 
 tall lady was compelled to stoop in passing through the 
 doors of her rooms, and when she attended Queen Char- 
 lotte’s drawing-room so attired, and invested with a hoop 
 of the amplitude required by Court etiquette, she was 
 compelled not only to stoop, but to pass sidling through 
 the doors of her apartments, and to enter her carriage in a 
 similar manner. This reminds us of an anecdote related 
 by Monstrelet, and other historians, that when Queen 
 Isabel of Bavaria kept her court at Vincennes, in 1416, 
 it was found necessary to heighten and widen the doors of 
 all the state apartments, that the head-dresses of the 
 Queen and her ladies might have room to enter. 
 
 400. 
 
 MODERN ELEGANCE. A PORTRAIT. 
 
 May 22nd, 1795. 
 
 LADY CHARLOTTE CAMPBELL (NOW LADY CHARLOTTE BURY.) 
 
 Horace Walpole has written on his* impression of this 
 print, “ Lady Charlotte Campbell, second daughter of 
 John Duke of Argyll, 1795.” Lady Charlotte Campbell 
 is universally allowed to have been one of the most cele- 
 brated beauties of the period, to have possessed consider- 
 able intellectual acquirements, and the most fascinating 
 manners. Bate Dudly has given this bewitching de- 
 scription of her, — 
 
 * This impression of the print is now in the possession of W. Smith, Esq. 
 formerly the eminent printseller. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 419 
 
 ‘ ‘ Look what a shape ! 
 
 Limbes fondlie fashioned in the wanton moulde 
 Of Nature ! Warm in Love’s slie wytcheries, 
 
 And scorninge all the draperie of Arte, 
 
 A spider’s loome now weaves her thinne attire, 
 
 Through which the roguish tell-tale windes 
 Do frolicke as they liste !” 
 
 VORTIGERN AND RoWENA. 
 
 Lady Charlotte Susan Maria Campbell, was born June 
 21, 1775, she married June 14, 1796, Colonel John 
 Campbell of Shawfield, who died 15th of March, 1809. 
 She married secondly the Rev. Edward Bury, who died in 
 1832. She is the author of “ The three Great Sanctuaries 
 of Tuscany, Yalombrosa, Carnaldoli and Laverna, a Poem, 
 with historical and legendary notes, and engravings from 
 drawings illustrative of the scenery, by the Rev. Edward 
 Bury,” oblong folio, 1833. Also “ Family Records, or 
 the Two Sisters;” 3 vols. 12mo. 1833. The Vox Populi, 
 however, will make her un auteur malgre lui , and pertina- 
 ciously persists in ascribing to her pen, “ A Diary illus- 
 trative of the Times of George IV.” 4 vols. 8vo. 1837-39, 
 but her Ladyship repudiates this production, and assured 
 a noble poet she did not write it ; he replied, “ he felt 
 confident she did not, as no lady of any delicacy of mind 
 could have written it.” No answer being returned, we 
 do not know whether Lady Charlotte Bury received the 
 remark as a sarcasm or a compliment. 
 
 401. 
 
 COUNT ROUPEE. June 5th , 1797. 
 
 P. BENFIELD. 
 
 An equestrian sketch of the well known Paul Benfield, 
 who, returning from India with £300,000, entered into 
 partnership with Boyd, and established the firm of Boyd 
 and Benfield, one of the most extensive mercantile firms 
 in London. He obtained a seat in Parliament, and was 
 prosecuted for bribery. Pitt, then a young man, was 
 
420 
 
 GILLRAY^S CARICATURES. 
 
 on his first circuit, and, his senior counsel being taken 
 ill, conducted the defence. The house was most exten- 
 sively engaged in loans, hut failed in consequence of their 
 losing an enormous sum they had invested in the French 
 funds, which was confiscated on the breaking out of the 
 Revolution. By the treaty of 1814, however, the French 
 government was bound to reimburse the English holders, 
 which enabled Boyd and Benfield to pay their creditors 
 20 s. in the pound, with interest for the long intervening 
 period of the war. 
 
 The title given to Benfield by Gillray is no doubt in 
 allusion to the circumstance of his wealth having been 
 acquired in India. 
 
 402. 
 
 FOLLOWING THE FASHION. Dec. 9th, 1794. 
 
 Another satire on contemporary fashions, which hardly 
 requires any explanation, beyond what the print itself 
 conveys. 
 
 403. 
 
 ENTER COWSLIP, WITH A BOWL OF CREAM. 
 
 June 13 th, 1795. 
 
 COUNTESS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. 
 
 Lady Buckinghamshire in the character of Cowslip, 
 which she performed in the private theatricals at Branden- 
 burgh House. 
 
 404. 
 
 CHARACTERS IN HIGH LIFE. June 20th, 1795. 
 
 DUCHESS OF RUTLAND. LADY GERTRUDE MANNERS. 
 
 A continuation of the satires on the enormities of fashion. 
 The persons represented are the Duchess of Rutland and 
 her un married sister. Lady Gertrude Manners. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 421 
 
 405. 
 
 PARASOLS FOR 1795. June 15th, 1795. 
 
 Fashions again. At this time the ladies wore great and 
 fantastic head-dresses of straw, and the gentlemen's hats 
 were made absurdly wide, which might well be considered 
 as serving the purpose of a parasol. 
 
 406. 
 
 THE SHADOW OF A DUKE. June 2 5th, 1795. 
 
 COLONEL THORNTON. 
 
 Colonel Thornton imagined that he resembled the Duke 
 of Hamilton, whose manners and gait he imitated with the 
 utmost care, it was said in the conceit of being mistaken 
 for the Duke when he walked the streets. 
 
 407. 
 
 A SLICE OF GLOSTER CHEESE. June 2nd , 1795. 
 
 PRINCE WILLIAM OF GLOUCESTER. 
 
 This is said to have been a striking likeness, in form and 
 manners, of the late Duke of Gloucester, who, when young, 
 was remarkably thin. He was nicknamed a single slice of 
 Gloster . 
 
 Prince William of Gloucester was horn in the Theodole 
 Palace at Rome, January 15, 1776. He was sent to the 
 University of Cambridge to finish his education ; on 
 quitting the University he entered the army, and in pro- 
 gress of time became a Field Marshal in the British army. 
 He succeeded his father as Duke of Gloucester in August, 
 1805. On the death of the Duke of Grafton he became a 
 candidate for the Chancellorship of the University of Cam- 
 bridge, and was opposed by the Duke of Rutland. The 
 election took place on the 26th of March, 1811. The votes 
 
422 
 
 GILLRAY^S CARICATURES. 
 
 were, for the Duke of Gloucester, 47 6 ; for the Duke of 
 Rutland, 356. He was installed on the 29th of June 
 following. On the 26th of July, 1816, he married his first 
 cousin, the Princess Mary, the fourth daughter of George 
 III. He was a Whig in his political principles. His 
 marriage with the sister of George IV. did not induce him 
 to compromise his independence. When the Bill of Pains 
 and Penalties against Queen Caroline was introduced into 
 the House of Lords he uniformly voted in favour of the 
 Queen. He died in November, 1834. The Duchess of 
 Gloucester survives him. 
 
 408. 
 
 FOR IMPROVING THE BREED. SKETCHED AT 
 WIRTEMBERG. Oct. 24th, 1796. 
 
 KING OF WIRTEMBERG. 
 
 A burlesque picture of the Duke of Wirtemherg, who 
 was remarkable for his obesity, published when he came 
 over to marry the Princess Royal. 
 
 409. 
 
 A LADY PUTTING ON HER CAP. June 30th, 1795. 
 
 On the turban-caps worn by the ladies at this time, 
 which were remarkable for the quantity of materials the 
 ladies contrived to wrap round their heads. 
 
 410. 
 
 THE GREAT SOUTH SEA CATERPILLAR, 
 TRANSFORMED INTO A BATH BUTTERFLY. 
 
 July 4th, 1795. 
 
 SIR JOSEPH BANKS. 
 
 Sir Joseph Banks was a great favourite with George III. 
 by whose influence he was elected President of the Royal 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 423 
 
 Society, a place which some thought might have been 
 tilled more worthily, although, considering all the cir- 
 cumstances, this is a matter of very great doubt. The 
 King’s interference in appointments connected with science 
 and art was a common subject of disapprobation. On Sir 
 Joseph’s return from the voyage round the world, in 
 company with Captain Cook, he was made a Knight of the 
 Bath, and a Privy Councillor. 
 
 “ From Joseph Banks unto Sir Knight, 
 
 Then Privy Councillor, in spite 
 
 Of nature, brain, and education ! — 
 
 If, for the last, be hands has kiss’d. 
 
 There’s not a reptile on his list 
 
 E’er knew a stranger 'transmutation ” 
 
 Peter Pindar. 
 
 It is the sunshine of royalty which is represented as 
 having produced the metamorphosis. 
 
 Sir Joseph was profoundly versed in the science of 
 Natural History, and was held in the highest esteem by 
 his contemporaries. On his death, which took place June 
 19th, 1820, Cuvier pronounced a public 'doge upon him, 
 and the Linneean Society caused a statue of him to be 
 executed by Chantrey, which is now placed in the British 
 Museum. 
 
 411. 
 
 THE ARCHDUKE. Nov. 1 5th, 1796. 
 
 ARCHDUKE CHARLES. 
 
 The Archduke Charles of Austria, though a brave and 
 skilful general, was rather strange and eccentric in private, 
 and furnished plentiful material for ridicule and satire. 
 
 412. 
 
 A DECENT STORY. Nov. 4th, 1795. 
 
 This plate, etched by Gillray from the sketch of an 
 amateur, needs no explanation. 
 
424 
 
 GILLRAY S CARICATURES. 
 
 413. 
 
 TWOPENNY WHIST. January 1 Ith, 1796. 
 
 betty (the shopwoman at Mrs. Humphrey’s), mrs. Humphrey. 
 
 MR. JEFFREY. WATSON. 
 
 This appears to be intended as a sketch of one of the 
 ordinary evening parties at the house of Mrs. Humphrey, 
 the publisher of Gillray’s Caricatures. Mrs. Betty is the 
 winner of the game, to the evident astonishment of some 
 of her companions. 
 
 414. 
 
 A MODERN BELLE GOING TO THE ROOMS AT 
 BATH. January 13 th, 179 6. 
 
 Another satire on the monstrous head-dresses. Some 
 such contrivance as this seemed very necessary to allow a 
 lady to take her place in a sedan. 
 
 415. 
 
 THE FASHIONABLE MAMMA; OR, THE CON- 
 VENIENCE OF MODERN DRESS. Feb. 1 3th, 1796. 
 
 This is an ingenious adaptation of fashion to convenience. 
 This lady, who is said to have been a Viscountess, then one 
 of the chief leaders of the beau monde , contrives to do the 
 duties of a mother, although, as the carriage outside shews, 
 on the point of starting for a route. 
 
 416. 
 
 LADY GODIVAS ROUT; OR, PEEPING TOM 
 SPYING OUT POPE JOAN. March 12th, 1796. 
 
 LADY BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. DR. SNEYD. LADY COVENTRY. 
 
 It would not be easy now to point out all the persons 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 425 
 
 represented in tliis satire on fashionable life, which is espe- 
 cially aimed at the rather extreme scantiness of clothing, 
 which characterized the costume of the ladies at this 
 period. The eyes of the personage who acts as candle - 
 snuffer are evidently occupied with some totally different 
 object to that which requires his attention. 
 
 417. 
 
 HIGH CHANGE IN BOND STREET ; OR, LA 
 POLITESSE DU GRAND MONDE. March 21, 1796. 
 
 This is understood to he a very fair attack on the want 
 of courtesy in the gentlemen frequenters of Bond Street 
 (the grand fashionable lounge at the time it was published), 
 some of whom shewed no hesitation in taking the wall, 
 and even the pavement of the ladies, throwing them, as 
 here represented, into the street. Matters are certainly 
 improved, hut even now street politeness is not always 
 carried to the utmost extent. 
 
 418. 
 
 A BURGESS OE WARWICK LANE. July 3rd, 1795. 
 
 DR. BURGESS. 
 
 Dr. Burgess, a medical practitioner, who resided in Mor- 
 timer Street, was one of the remarkable characters of his 
 day, and was frequently made the subject of prints and 
 caricatures. He is called a Burgess of Warwick Lane, 
 from the College of Physicians being there at this period. 
 
 419. 
 
 LA BELLE ESPAGNOLE ; OR, LA DOUBLURE 
 DE MADAME TALLIEN. Feb. 2 5th, 1796. 
 
 This is said to represent a Creole lady from Spanish 
 
426 
 
 GILLRAy’s CARICATURES. 
 
 America, who was at this time a celebrated performer in 
 the ballet, and who bore a striking resemblance to Madame 
 Tallien, also a Creole. 
 
 420. 
 
 MY POLL AND MY PARTNER JOE, April 18 th, 1796. 
 
 One of those offsprings of wit which requires no expla- 
 nation but what itself furnishes. 
 
 421. 
 
 OH! THAT THIS TOO SOLID FLESH WOULD 
 MELT. March 20 th, 1791. 
 
 An illustration of the great bard which would hardly find 
 a place in the Shakespeare gallery. 
 
 422. 
 
 CYMON AND IPHIGENIA. May 2nd , 1796. 
 
 A rather broad parody on the classic story. 
 
 423. 
 
 THE LOSS OE THE EARO BANK; OR, THE ROOKS 
 PIGEONED. Feb. 2nd , 1797- 
 
 LORD BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. LADY BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. MRS. 
 CONCANNON. FOX. SHERIDAN. COLONEL HANGER. 
 
 LADY ARCHER. 
 
 This and the following prints were intended as satires on 
 the rage for gambling which was at this time the curse of 
 fashionable life. The three ladies of this party. Lady 
 Buckinghamshire, Mrs. Concannon, and Lady Archer, 
 were so notoriously addicted to the faro table, that they 
 were commonly known by the derisive appellation of 
 “ Faro’s (Pharaoh’s) Daughters.” The present caricature 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 427 
 
 is said to refer to an incident which happened at the house 
 of Lady Buckinghamshire, when at the faro table, Lord 
 Buckinghamshire suddenly entered aghast, with the infor- 
 mation that the hank was robbed, and the thieves were 
 fled, to the great consternation of the whole party. It was 
 suspected that this robbery was a mere trick to suit the 
 convenience of the table-holders, for all the party were re- 
 duced at times to considerable distress by their gambling 
 propensities. The print contains an insinuation against 
 Fox, as being at least privy to the cause of the disaster. 
 Gillray has here assumed the licence of a caricaturist, as 
 Fox had left off play for many years. 
 
 424 . 
 
 DISCIPLINE A LA KENYON. March 27th, 1797- 
 
 LADY ARCHER. LADY MOUNT-EDGECUMBE. LORD KENYON. 
 
 LADY BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. 
 
 The trio of gambling ladies brought under the lash of the 
 law. When giving judgment on a case relating to gambling, 
 that had been brought before the Court over which he pre- 
 sided as Judge, Lord Kenyon gave utterance to his honest 
 indignation against the fashionable vice of the day ; and 
 concluded, in allusion to its prevalence among the 
 aristocracy, and the ruin it was bringing on society, by 
 declaring, “ If any prosecutions of this nature are fairly 
 brought before me, and the parties are justly convicted, 
 whatever may be their rank or station in the country, 
 though they should be the first ladies in the land, they shall 
 certainly exhibit themselves on the pillory.” The satirist 
 has pictured the possible consequences of this threat. 
 
428 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 425. 
 
 EXALTATION OE PHARAOH’S DAUGHTERS. 
 
 May 12 th, 1796. 
 
 LADY BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. LADY ARCHER. 
 
 Two of the same trio undergoing Lord Kenyon’s “ disci- 
 pline.” 
 
 426. 
 
 GEORGY A COCKHORSE. Nov . 23 rd, 179 6. 
 
 COLONEL HANGER. 
 
 Colonel George Hanger, afterwards Lord Coleraine, was 
 one of the most celebrated characters of his day, and is 
 often figured in the present series of prints. He is here 
 represented at the tavern called the Mount, in Lower 
 Grosvenor Street, celebrated at this time as the meeting- 
 place of a club of wits who lived joyously. 
 
 427. 
 
 SANDWICH CARROTS ! DAINTY SANDWICH 
 CARROTS. Dec . 3rd, 1796. 
 
 LORD SANDWICH. 
 
 The scene represented here is said to have been one of 
 the usual amusements of Lord Sandwich. A guinea was 
 the -usual mark of his attention to the lucky flower-girl, or 
 itinerant barrow- woman, who attracted his glance. 
 
 428. 
 
 A CORNER NEAR THE BANK; OR, AN EXAMPLE 
 FOR FATHERS. Sept. 2 6th, 1796. 
 
 This is understood to represent a clerk of the Bank of 
 England, well known in his day, for his attentions to the 
 city frail ones. The scandalmongers of the past have only 
 handed his name down to us as “ old P .” 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 429 
 
 429. 
 
 A PEEP AT CHRISTIE’S ; OR, TALLY-HO AND 
 HIS NIMENEY-PIMENEY TAKING THE 
 MORNING LOUNGE. Sept. 4 tk, 1796. 
 
 MISS FARREN. EARL OF DERBY. 
 
 Miss Farren acted with inimitable skill the character of 
 Nimeney-Pimeney in General Burgoyne’s Heiress. Eor 
 some reason or other, this lady, one of the most admired 
 beauties of her day, was an object of determined hostility 
 with Gillray. But a few months after the date of this cari- 
 cature, she became the second wife of the Earl of Derby, 
 who, for his political principles, was also a very frequent 
 subject of Gillray’ s wit. Lord Derby was a great hunter, 
 and here, viewing the pictures at Christie’s, they are sup- 
 posed to be shewing their several tastes. It may be 
 remarked, in regard to the allusion apparently made here, 
 that no slur was ever cast on Miss Farren’s virtue. In 
 evidence of which we think it right to record that when 
 Miss Farren became Countess of Derby, she addressed a 
 letter to Queen Charlotte, to inquire whether she would 
 be admitted to her Drawing-room. The Queen replied, 
 that she would be very happy to receive her there, as she 
 always understood her conduct to be very exemplary. 
 
 430. 
 
 CONTEMPLATIONS UPON A CORONET. 
 
 March 20th, 1797- 
 
 MISS FARREN. 
 
 Another satire on this celebrated actress, who, as the 
 period of her marriage approached, is represented as making 
 a nearer contemplation of the object of her ambition. 
 
430 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 431. 
 
 MODERN GRACE; OR, THE OPERATICAL FINALE 
 TO THE BALLET OF “ ALONZO E CARO !” 
 
 May 5 th , 1796. 
 
 A satire on the opera, where the ballet had attained to 
 an extraordinary popularity. A great outcry was set up 
 by the strict moralists against the exposure of the person 
 exhibited by the danseuses. 
 
 432. 
 
 THE MARRIAGE OF CUPID AND PSYCHE. 
 
 May 3rd, 1797. 
 
 EARL OF DERBY. MISS FARREN. 
 
 A satire on the marriage of the Earl of Derby with Miss 
 Farren. The reader need hardly be informed that this is 
 a parody on the beautiful antique gem of the marriage of 
 Cupid and Psyche, known as the Marlborough Gem. 
 
 433. 
 
 PYLADES AND ORESTES. April 1st, 1797. 
 
 COUNT NASSALIN. PRINCE WILLIAM OF ORANGE. 
 
 The abdicated Stadtholder spent much of his day thus 
 perambulating Old Bond Street, with his Secretary, Count 
 Nassalin ; the Prince himself, who was remarkable for his 
 heavy corpulence, being frequently in a state of somno- 
 lence during his walk. 
 
 434. 
 
 HEROES RECRUITING AT KELSEYS; OR, GUARD 
 DAY AT ST. JAMES’S. June 9th, 1?97- 
 
 CAPTAIN BURCH. 
 
 The tall hero regaling himself is understood to represent 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 431 
 
 Captain Burch, of the Royal Household Troops, the officers 
 of which troops, when on guard at St. James's, were great 
 frequenters of this celebrated fruiterer's in St. James's 
 Street. 
 
 435. 
 
 A HINT TO MODERN SCULPTORS AS AN OR- 
 NAMENT TO A FUTURE SQUARE. 
 
 May 3rd, 179 6- 
 
 PRINCE OF WALES. 
 
 A satirical portrait of the Prince, in the costume of his 
 regiment, which he is supposed to be going to review. 
 About this time it was in contemplation to erect statues in 
 some of the squares of London. 
 
 436. 
 
 UN DIPLOMATIQUE, SETTLING AFFAIRS AT 
 STEVENS'S, June 9th, IJ97. 
 
 BARON DE HASLANG. 
 
 One of the diplomatic body (the Bavarian minister), who 
 was in the practice of enjoying himself alone at Stevens's, 
 in Bond Street, one of the most fashionable taverns of that 
 period. 
 
 43?. 
 
 STAGGERING BOBS, A TALE FOR SCOTCHMEN ; 
 OR, MUNCHAUSEN DRIVING HIS CALVES 
 TO MARKET. Dec. 1st , 1796. 
 
 GEORGE HANGER. 
 
 A caricature on Colonel Hanger, afterwards Lord Cole- 
 raine. The noble Scot alluded to is said to have been 
 Lord Galloway. 
 
 2 F 
 
432 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 438. 
 
 PORTRAIT OF AN IRISH CHIEF; DRAWN FROM 
 LIFE AT WEXFORD. July \Oth , 1798. 
 
 GRATTAN. 
 
 Grattan, tlie great Irish patriot, in the character of an 
 Irish rebel. The rebellion broke out in the county of 
 Wexford in the May of 1798, and the rebels made them- 
 selves masters of that city, which remained for a time their 
 chief post. This print is supposed to allude to an in- 
 terview between Grattan and Arthur O’Connor at Grat- 
 tan’s country house. Grattan refused to join the “ United 
 Irishmen,” but Government struck him out of the Privy 
 Council, and the Corporation of Dublin removed his portrait 
 from their court room. Gillray has put into the mouth of 
 Grattan the words No Union . Erin go Bragh /* 
 
 439. 
 
 PUSHPIN. April 17 th, 1797. 
 
 MRS. WINDSOR. THE DUKE OF QUEENSBERRY. 
 
 Peter Pindar’s “ little gamesome Piccadilly Duke” oc- 
 cupied in one of those very intellectual games, which were 
 fashionable at this time. The lady with whom he is at 
 play is said to have been a well-known priestess of Venus, 
 usually designated by her customers as “ Mother Windsor.” 
 
 440. 
 
 THE GORDON KNOT; OR, THE BONNY DUCHESS 
 HUNTING THE BEDFORDSHIRE BULL. 
 
 April 19 th, 1797. 
 
 DUKE OF BEDFORD. DUCHESS OF GORDON AND HER DAUGHTERS. 
 
 On the projected marriage of a daughter of the Duke of 
 
 * “ Ireland for ever !” 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 433 
 
 Gordon to the Duke of Bedford. Other caricatures appeared 
 on the supposed anxiety of the Duchess to secure the noble 
 son-in-law, some of which were not over delicate. J ohn, 
 sixth Duke of Bedford, who was a widower, paid some 
 marked attention to Lady Georgiana, but appears after- 
 wards to have repented, and went to Paris. The Duchess, 
 however, immediately followed, accompanied by her 
 daughter, when the Duke renewed his attentions, and they 
 were married six years after the publication of the present 
 caricature, viz. in June, 1803. The three Graces in the 
 distance represent three other daughters of the Scottish 
 Duke; the one with the dog is Charlotte, Duchess of Bicli- 
 mond; the middle one, Susan, Duchess of Manchester, 
 is pointed out by the inscription “ Manchester velvet;” 
 and the third is Lady Louisa ; the broom is supposed to 
 indicate that she is exposed for sale. She was afterwards 
 married April 17th, 1 7^7^ to Charles, second Marquis 
 Cornwallis, and is now the present Dowager Duchess of 
 Cornwallis. 
 
 441 . 
 
 HOMEE SINGING HIS VEESES TO THE GEEEKS. 
 
 June 1 6th, 1797. 
 
 CAPTAIN MORRIS. SHERIDAN. EOX. 
 
 This is understood to be an excellent and characteristic 
 portrait of the celebrated song-writer. Captain Morris. It 
 is enough to say that the allusions are to the licentious 
 character of many of his effusions. 
 
 Captain Morris, of the Life Guards, was distinguished 
 by his social qualities, the vivacity of his conversation, the 
 inexhaustible fund of merriment and anecdote which en- 
 livened it ; and above all, by the facility with which he 
 composed convivial songs, and the hilarity with which he 
 sung them. These qualifications rendered him an universal 
 favourite, and introduced him to the society and sumptuous 
 
 2 f 2 
 
434 
 
 gillray’s CARICATURES. 
 
 hospitality of the bon vivans of the first circles. He was 
 always a welcome guest at the table of the Duke of Norfolk 
 in St. James’s Square, Arundel Castle, and the social 
 dinners which the Duke delighted to give at the Piazza 
 Coffee House. In short, he was the great lion of the 
 dinner table; he might be considered the poet laureate 
 both of Bacchus and Yenus, for he well knew how 
 
 “ to entwine 
 
 The Myrtle of Venus with Bacchus’s Vine.” 
 
 It is to be regretted that Morris did not devote his 
 talents to a higher species of lyric compositions, as he might 
 have attained considerable reputation; but, like Anacreon, 
 his lyre would only chaunt love and wine. Morris was 
 passionately fond of dining out, and he suited his songs to 
 the taste of his company, for 
 
 “ Those who live to please, must please to live.” 
 
 He was, however, annoyed one day, when a person in the 
 company, after Morris had concluded one of his luxuriant 
 songs, expressed his surprise that he never attempted any 
 other species of songs; another observed, “Oh, Morris 
 could not write in any other strain.” He replied, that at 
 the next meeting of the party he would refute the remark, 
 by singing in a different strain. He accordingly sung 
 “ Sensibility’s Tear,” from which we extract some stanzas, 
 more particularly as it was unknown to all the musical 
 gentlemen of the present day with whom we have com 
 versed. 
 
 SENSIBILITY’S TEAR. 
 
 il Though Bacchus may boast of his care-killing bowl, 
 
 And Folly in thought-drowning revels delight, 
 
 Such worship, alas ! hath no charms for the soul 
 When softer devotions the senses invite. 
 
 To the arrow of Fate, or the canker of Care, 
 
 His potions oblivious a balm may bestow; 
 
 But to Fancy, that feeds on the charm of the Fair, 
 
 The death of Reflection is the birth of all Woe. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 435 
 
 What soul that ’s possessed of a dream so divine. 
 With riot would bid the sweet vision begone ? 
 
 For the tear that bedews Sensibility’ s shrine 
 
 Is a drop of more worth than all Bacchus’s wine. 
 
 Come, then, rosy Venus, and spread o’er my sight 
 The magic illusions that ravish the soul ; 
 
 Awake in my breast the soft dream of delight. 
 
 And drop from thy Myrtle one leaf in my bowl. 
 
 Then deep will I drink of that Nectar divine, 
 
 Nor e’er jolly God from thy banquet remove ; 
 
 But each tube of my heart ever thirst for the wine, 
 
 That ’s mellowed by Friendship and sweeten’d by Love.” 
 
 Lyra Urbanica, vol. 1 , p. 174 - 5 . 
 
 The company applauded the song, and allowed he had re- 
 deemed his pledge. 
 
 Morris was a frequent attendant at the meeting of the 
 Whig Club, and the celebrations of Fox*s election for 
 Westminster ; on these occasions he always sung new and 
 appropriate songs, but they were never embittered by party 
 rancour. 
 
 Morris always strenuously advocated the principles of 
 the Revolution of 1688 . The Duke of Norfolk was so 
 deeply impressed with the soundness of his constitutional 
 principles that he paid him the highest possible compliment 
 by introducing his portrait in one of the painted windows 
 of Arundel Castle, as one of the persons compelling King 
 J ohn to sign Magna Charta. 
 
 The windows (says the Rev. M. A. Tierney, in his His- 
 tory of Arundel,) are thirteen in number, of which nine 
 are finished, and fitted with stained glass. The largest 
 occupies the north-west end of the hall, immediately op- 
 posite to the entrance. It is a splendid performance by 
 Backler, from the design of Lonsdale, and describes the 
 Ratification of the Great Charter by King John, 
 who, with an indignant but powerless frown, seems to 
 pause in the act of affixing his signature to the instru- 
 
436 
 
 gillray's caricatures. 
 
 ment, as if to upbraid the uncompromising patriotism 
 of the Barons. On his right stand Cardinal Pandulf, the 
 Pope's legate, and the Archbishop of Dublin; on his left 
 are seen Cardinal Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, 
 and Almeric, the Master of the Knights Templars ;* * * § 
 in the foreground appears Baron Fitzwalter,f, and his 
 page,J and behind him are the Lord Mayor of London, § 
 and the attendant guards. The background affords a dis- 
 tant view of the camp at Bunnymede. For chasteness of 
 drawing, and correctness of outline, for depth of colouring, 
 and sparkling brilliancy of effect, this window certainly 
 claims a high degree of merit, and can scarcely be thought 
 inferior to any similar production of modern art." Yol. i. 
 p. 85. We are sure that the Duke of Norfolk || esteemed 
 Captain Morris worthy of the position he occupied, or he 
 would have considered he compromised his own dignity by 
 assigning the place to him. This historical painting will 
 transmit Morris's name to posterity in a dignified manner, 
 We are now about to relate an anecdote which we be- 
 lieve is unparalleled in literary history. When “ verging on 
 ninety- three," he was invited by the Beef Steak Club to 
 
 * Portrait of Captain Morris. We observe Dallaway, in bis History of 
 Sussex, has made a ludicrous mistake ; he calls Almeric Master of the 
 Temple, instead of Master of the Knights Templars, 
 
 t The portrait of the Duke of Norfolk, 
 
 t The late Henry Howard, Esq. of Greystoke. 
 
 § Alderman Combe. 
 
 || We cannot take leave of the Duke of Norfolk without observing that 
 justice has never been done to one part of his character. He was a munifi- 
 cent patron of Literature. To our own knowledge, he defrayed the entire 
 expense of printing Taylor’s translation of Plato, 5 vols. 4to. ; Dallaway’s 
 History of Sussex, vol. 1, and voh 2, part 1, 4to. ; and Duncumb’s History 
 of Hereford, vol. 1, and voh 2, part 1, 4to. He also allowed Mr. Duncumb 
 three hundred pounds per annum during the years he was compiling and 
 writing his history. Exoriare aliquis / We hope the present Duke of Norfolk, 
 or one of his successors, will complete the historical paintings in the windows 
 of the Barons’ Hall, an undertaking worthy to confer fame even on the name 
 of Howard, 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 43 ? 
 
 attend their meeting once more (to use his own words) 
 “ before he quitted this world.” He complied, and after 
 dinner, he recited (we can scarcely suppose he sung) a 
 song, composed by himself for the occasion, which he re- 
 quested the members to receive as “ the song of the dying 
 swan /” One stanza, we are sure, will excite sympathy in 
 every breast. 
 
 c * How many bright spirits I ’ve seen disappear. 
 
 While Fate’s lucky lot held me happily here ! 
 
 How many kind hearts and gay bosoms gone by, 
 
 That have left me to mingle my mirth with a sigh.” 
 
 The buoyancy of Morris’s spirits supported him in ex- 
 treme old age ; he was never known to be querulous, but 
 endured his infirmities with serenity, he could even play- 
 fully allude to them, and only remark, that they bade him 
 to cease all converse with the Muse. 
 
 44 I ’ll take a hint from my warning cough, 
 
 Quit my jade of a Muse, — and Morris off.”* 
 
 In the year 1840, his poems were collected and pub- 
 lished under the title of “Lyra Urbanica, the Social 
 Effusions of Charles Morris, late Captain in the Life 
 Guards.” 
 
 442. 
 
 THE SALUTE. July 10th, 1797 . 
 
 The persons intended to be satirized in this print are 
 not now known. 
 
 443. 
 
 TITIANUS EEDIYIYUS ; OR, THE SEYEN WISE 
 MEN CONSULTING THE NEW VENETIAN 
 ORACLE. Nov. 2nd , 1797. 
 
 SIR J. REYNOLDS. MISS PROVIS. MACKLIN. BOYDELL. WEST. 
 
 On a very remarkable piece of quackery which flourished 
 
 * A punning allusion to the Morrice-Dance. 
 
438 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 for a moment, and deceived tlie Royal Academicians, 
 under the title of “ The Venetian Secret.” In the year 
 1797, a young female pretender to art, a Miss Provis, pro- 
 fessed to have discovered the long-lost secret by which 
 Titian and the other great artists of the Venetian school 
 produced their gorgeous colouring, and, by dint of puffing 
 and other tricks, she succeeded in gaining the faith of a 
 large portion of the Royal Academy. Seven of the acade- 
 micians are said more especially to have been her dupes, 
 Farringdon, Opie,Westall, Hoppner, Stothard, Smirke, and 
 Rigaud. Until her discovery was exploded, this lady sold 
 it in great secret for a very high price. She would now 
 probably have been entirely forgotten, but for the pencil 
 of Gillray, who exposed her and her dupes to ridicule in 
 this caricature. In the upper part of this bold picture the 
 lady artist is dashing off a daring subject with extraordi- 
 nary effect of light and shade, her long ragged train ending 
 in the immense tail of a peacock. The three naked Graces 
 behind her, in the original coloured copies of this carica- 
 ture, are painted of the gayest hues. She is leading the 
 crowd of academicians by the nose over the gaudy rainbow 
 to her study to behold her specimen of Venetian art. On 
 one side, the buildings erected for the Royal Academy at 
 Somerset House are falling into ruin, while on the other 
 the Temple of Fame is undergoing repair. Below, we are 
 introduced into the interior of the academy, where the 
 luckless seven occupy the foremost seats, deeply immersed 
 in studying the merits of the new discovery. The ghost 
 of Sir Joshua Reynolds rises up from the floor, contemplates 
 the scene with astonishment, and apostrophises the groups 
 in the words of Sliakspeare 
 
 “ Black spirits and white, blue spirits and grey, 
 
 Mingle, mingle, mingle,— -you that mingle may !” 
 
 On the opposite side there are three persons making a 
 hasty flight; they are West, the president of the academy, 
 who was not a believer ; Boydell, whose fears are excited 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 439 
 
 for the fate of his gallery, if this new invention should suc- 
 ceed and destroy the value of what had been done while 
 it was unknown ; and Macklin, who experiences an equal 
 alarm for his grand illustrations of the Bible, which were 
 put up by lottery, the tickets five guineas each. These 
 fears, as far as the “ Venetian Secret” was concerned, were 
 not of long duration. 
 
 444. 
 
 GERMAN LUXURY ; OR, REPOS A L’ALLEMAND. 
 
 Jan . 22nd, 1800. 
 
 A satirical print, said to have been intended to tell upon 
 the German Legion, at this time brought into England. 
 
 445. 
 
 LOYAL SOULS; OR, A PEEP INTO THE MESS- 
 ROOM AT ST. JAMES’S. Nov . 14 th, 1797. 
 
 GENERAL DAVIES. DUKE OF YORK. COLONEL JEKYL. 
 
 CAPTAIN BURCH. 
 
 A scene at the mess-table, intended to represent, in bur- 
 lesque, some of the officers of the different regiments of 
 the Guards. Among them we may recognize the person- 
 ages mentioned above. 
 
 446. 
 
 BRIGADE-MAJOR. — Weymouth, 1 707* 
 
 Nov. 1 5th, 1797, 
 
 MAJOR REID. 
 
 The person intended to be represented here is said to be 
 Major Reid; though others have taken it for Sir Henry 
 Burrard, to whom the reader will find some reference in 
 the Political Series. 
 
 447. 
 
 THE MILITARY CARICATURIST. Dec. 6th, 1799. 
 
 GENERAL DAVIES. 
 
 The officer here represented was a well-known military 
 
440 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 caricaturist, who had the bad taste to sneer at the pro- 
 ductions of Gillray, who took his revenge in the print be- 
 fore us. 
 
 448. 
 
 OPERATICAL REFORM; OR, LA DANSE A 
 UEVEQUE. March Uth, 1798. 
 
 MADEMOISELLE PARISOT. M. ROSIERE. 
 
 The Bishop of Durham (Shute Barrington) made a vigo- 
 rous attempt to repress the growing licentiousness of the 
 opera dance. For this he became the subject of a host 
 of caricatures and^ewx d’ esprit. GiUray has here invented 
 a dance, a Veveque, in which the figurantes were to conceal 
 their forms under the modest covering of the episcopal 
 cassock. 
 
 449. 
 
 A COUNTRY CONCERT ; OR, AN EVENING EN- 
 TERTAINMENT IN SUSSEX. Sept. 1st , 1798. 
 
 Mrs. Billington lived with the Duke of Sussex during 
 the absence of her husband, who, arriving suddenly one 
 night at her house at Hammersmith, surprised a small 
 party consisting of the Duke of Sussex, Mrs. Billington, 
 Savory of Bond Street, and another. Her husband, there- 
 fore, carried her off to Italy, where it is shrewdly suspected 
 she met with an unfair death. 
 
 450. 
 
 THIRTY YEARS HAVE I LIVED IN THIS PARISH 
 OF COVENT GARDEN, AND NOBODY CAN SAY 
 —MISTRESS COLE, WHY DID YOU SO? 
 
 Dec. 1 6th, 1797. 
 
 COLONEL WATSON. 
 
 The words Gillray has taken for his motto in this plate, 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 441 
 
 are those of Mrs. Cole in Foote’s farce of the Minor. 
 This venerable lady (whose real name was Douglas) kept 
 a house of accommodation for young men, furnished with 
 an assemblage of young women, whom she trained to 
 prostitution. She was very scrupulous in religious obser- 
 vances ; she went daily to the Tabernacle, and then to the 
 inn to await the arrival of the York waggon, to watch for 
 any handsome young women it might bring, whom she 
 inveigled by specious offers of providing them with situa- 
 tions in respectable families. Hogarth has depicted a 
 woman of the like character (Mrs. Needham) in this 
 pursuit, with the profligate Colonel Chartres anxiously 
 watching the success of her manoeuvres, that he may have 
 the first choice. Mrs. Cole prided herself on the propriety 
 of her conduct, “ it was a great comfort to her that 
 nobody could say, Mrs. Cole, black is the white of your 
 eye,” and she allowed “ no knock-me-down doings in her 
 house.” Colonel W at son was probably a roysterer, who 
 violated this regulation in his drunken moods. 
 
 451. 
 
 NOTORIOUS CHARACTERS, No. 1 . Dec. 1st , 1797 . 
 
 Mr. Bromley, in his Catalogue of Engraved British Por- 
 traits, p. 390, has erroneously put this Portrait into his 
 Seventh Class. It ought to have appeared in the Tenth. 
 See the Contents of it, p. 449. 
 
 “ Such cursed assurance 
 
 Is past all endurance.” — Maid of the Mill. 
 
 SAMUEL IRELAND. 
 
 In the year 1795, a rumour was circulated that a great 
 literary treasure had been discovered, which would delight 
 and astonish the world ; it was stated, that it consisted of 
 The Autograph Manuscript of Shakspeare’s King 
 Lear, containing many beautiful passages omitted by the 
 original actors in the representation, and likewise in all 
 
442 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 the printed editions ; and also that passages hitherto ob^ 
 scure were now rendered clear by the restoration of the 
 original readings. The newly- discovered treasure also 
 contained various legal instruments, and documents of 
 different descriptions, a few drawings illustrative of the 
 character of Shylock, one of his common-place books, his 
 ring, and to crown all, a lock of his hair, sent with a love- 
 posy to Anne Hathaway. A large portion of the public 
 was indeed astounded, but more delighted at the supposed 
 recovery of these relics of the great Dramatic Poet, who 
 had seemed so indifferent to fame, that he never superin- 
 tended the publication of any one of his plays, but when 
 he had committed it to the stage, felt no further solicitude 
 about it,* beyond the sphere of the theatre ; neither was 
 there known to exist in manuscript any single letter of 
 his, or copy of verses addressed to a contemporary poet, 
 friend, or patron. Still it was not impossible that the 
 affectionate zeal of one of his relatives might have pre- 
 served these remembrances of him ; they might have been 
 laid aside and forgotten by his descendants. Where this 
 extraordinary assemblage of Shakspearian treasures had 
 been discovered was not revealed; the public was only 
 allowed to know that they were deposited in the house of 
 Mr. Samuel Ireland, f of Norfolk Street, in the Strand, to 
 whose son, William Henry Ireland, these inestimable docu- 
 ments had been presented by a gentleman of ancient 
 family, on the express condition and solemn promise that 
 his name should not transpire; he being a person remark - 
 
 * “ It hath been no unusual thing (says Warburton) for writers, when 
 dissatisfied with the patronage of their own times, to appeal to posterity for 
 a fair hearing. Some have even thought to apply to it in the first instance, 
 and to decline acquaintance with the public till envy and prejudice had quite 
 subsided. But of all the trusters to futurity, commend me to the author of 
 the following poems (Shakspeare), who not only left it to time to do him 
 justice, as it would, but to find him out as it could.” 
 
 f Previous to this occurrence, Mr. Ireland had been advantageously known 
 by the publication of his Picturesque Tours of the Thames, Medway, &c. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 443 
 
 ably shy, and of retired habits. A committee of literary 
 gentlemen was formed to examine these documents, con- 
 sisting of George Chalmers, Caldecott, Pye, the Poet Lau- 
 reate, Sir James Bland Burgess, Boaden, &c They unani- 
 mously reported their conviction of the authenticity of the 
 documents. The public was then invited to inspect this 
 Shakspearian treasure. Numerous persons of the first 
 literary eminence visited Mr. Ireland's house ; Dr. Parr, 
 Archdeacon Nares, Dr. Warton, and many others,* signed 
 their attestations to the genuineness of the documents. 
 “ It is mortifying," says Gifford, in a note in his edition 
 of Ford’s plays, “to reflect that, had the youth possessed 
 but a single grain of prudence, and known when and where 
 to stop, Ms forgeries might , at this moment, he visited hy 
 anniversary crowds of devoted pilgrims , in some splendid 
 shrine, set apart in his father’s house for that pious pur- 
 pose.’’ Emboldened, however, by the attestations of such 
 distinguished literary characters, Ireland now announced 
 that his son had made another most important discovery 
 in the stores of the nameless gentleman, an entirely un- 
 published Play of the immortal Bard, called “ Vortigern 
 and Bowena.’’ Ireland very fairly declined to exhibit the 
 manuscript,, that the interest of the tragedy might not be 
 lessened by a knowledge of its construction and plot pre- 
 vious to its representation. 
 
 Public curiosity was intensely excited. The two great 
 National Theatres competed for the honour of bringing 
 forward the play. Drury Lane secured the prize on the 
 most extravagant and unheard-of terms. An agreement 
 was signed by Bichardson, on the part of the proprietors 
 of Drury Lane, and by Ireland on the part of his son 
 (then a minor), stipulating that three hundred pounds 
 
 * When Porson had examined the Shakspeare Manuscripts, Ireland cour- 
 teously invited him to sign his attestation to their authenticity. Porson drily 
 replied, “ Mr. Ireland, I thought my refusal to sign Articles of Faith had 
 been generally known.” 
 
444 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 should be paid down to Ireland, and half the receipts of 
 the house for the first sixty nights of the performance, 
 after deducting the expenses ! ! ! At length the 2nd of 
 April, 1796, arrived, big with the fate of Vortigern and 
 Ireland. We were then in our youthful days, and resolved 
 to encounter the risk — we might say, the danger of endea- 
 vouring to obtain a seat in the pit. The rush on the 
 opening of the doors was truly awful ; we were, however, 
 successful in obtaining an excellent seat. The audience 
 seemed to be in very good humour, pleased at having over- 
 come their difficulties. We had now leisure to peruse a 
 handbill, which had been extensively circulated at the 
 pit door. It was issued by Ireland ; it stated that “ A 
 malevolent and impotent attack on the Shakspeare MSS. 
 had appeared on the eve of the representation of the play, 
 when it was impossible to answer it.” - It was “ requested 
 that the play may be heard with that candour which has 
 ever distinguished a British audience.” At length, Whit- 
 field presented himself to speak the Prologue, and addres- 
 sing the audience as a Court of Criticism, called on it to 
 ratify the authenticity of the play by its judgment and 
 approbation. When, with extended arms, he emphatically 
 pronounced the words 
 
 f< Before the Court immortal Shakspeare stands,” 
 
 it exceeded all power of face to preserve gravity, it was, 
 however, a good humoured laugh, which was irresistible. 
 Kemble had taken to himself the part of Yortigern ; 
 Bowena was assigned to the beautiful and talented Miss 
 Miller. 
 
 The play now commenced, and during the first three 
 acts “ dragged its slow length along.” In the fourth act 
 the audience began to be obstreperous, and the actors could 
 scarcely proceed; when Kemble came forward, and ad- 
 dressed the house in the most conciliatory manner : “ Allow 
 me to remind you that the title to authenticity, which 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 445 
 
 this play lays claim to, depends on your giving it a fair 
 and full hearing.” This address produced the desired 
 effect, the play was allowed to proceed till nearly the con- 
 clusion of the fifth act, but when Kemble, in his character 
 of Yortigern, said — 
 
 il And when this solemn mockery is o’er,” 
 
 the house was convulsed with laughter, one peal suc- 
 ceeded another. Never did Irish Johnson in the character 
 of Dennis Brulgruddery, nor Jack Bannister and Mrs. 
 Jordan as Jobson and Nell; never did the wittiest comedy 
 nor the broadest farce produce such long continued and 
 tumultuous laughter, and such protracted hurrahing. At 
 length the audience seemed fairly to have exhausted itself, 
 then Kemble resumed by a repetition of — 
 
 tl And when this solemn mockery is o’er.” 
 
 The loud laughter, vociferations, and noises of various 
 kinds were renewed, and seemed as if they would never 
 end; “ Encore, encore, Kemble,” was shouted again and 
 again, at last a calm ensued, and the play proceeded to its 
 termination. An epilogue written by Della Cruscan 
 Merry, was spoken by Mrs. Jordan. Then public expec- 
 tation was on tip-toe to ascertain whether the play would 
 be given out for repetition ; but the farce of My Grand- 
 mother very appropriately commenced. During the in- 
 terval an animated conversation took place behind the 
 scenes, between Ireland and Sheridan : Ireland urging 
 that the play should be announced for repetition on 
 Monday, Sheridan declined, but agreed to have a con- 
 ference with him on the subject the next day (Sunday), at 
 Mr. Kemble’s house in Great Bussell Street. The party 
 met accordingly, Ireland used every possible persuasive to 
 induce Sheridan to bring forward the play on the next 
 night, all the expenses of scenery, decorations, &c. had 
 been incurred, the house was certain to be full, and the 
 
44f> 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 representation would produce a considerable sum to the 
 treasury: Sheridan replied, “that he was satisfied the 
 house would be full, but John Bull, when offended, was a 
 very awkward customer at a theatre, he tore up the 
 benches, broke the chandeliers, and did other mischief;” 
 Ireland attempted to rally, Sheridan, however, termi- 
 nated the conversation, by saying, he must confer 
 privately with Mr. Kemble on the subject, and their 
 decision should be communicated to him. Mr. Kemble 
 told the writer of this article, that as soon as Ireland was 
 gone, he said to Sheridan : “ W ell, Sir, you cannot doubt 
 that the play is a forgery.” “ Damn the fellow,” replied 
 Sheridan, “I believe his face is a forgery, he is the most 
 specious man I ever saw.” 
 
 On the next day, Monday, April 6, appeared a critique 
 on the play of Yortigern and Rowena, from which we 
 shall extract the following passages. “ To say that num- 
 bers did not come with their opinion more than half 
 formed would be false. A volume of MSS. affirmed to be 
 Shakspeare’s had been published. Literary men had been 
 invited to examine others. Documents almost innume- 
 rable had been held forth to induce a belief that Yortigern 
 was no forgery. Was it supposed that they should be 
 read only to excite astonishment and impose upon our 
 faith. If it were intended that the audience should as- 
 semble without opinion or predilection, why were these 
 proofs sent forth, why was not the play suffered to rest 
 solely on its own merits ? Is there a man of literature in 
 the kingdom, who, when this newly discovered treasure 
 was announced, did not feel delighted at the bare possi- 
 bility that it might be true ? Is there a lover of Shak- 
 speare on earth, who must not feel indignation at any 
 attempt to injure the fame of a poet, who, wherever he is 
 known is adored ? Is it a crime to be jealous of that fame, 
 or which is of infinitely greater consequence, is it criminal 
 to inquire into truth, and to publish our inquiries ? If 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 44 ? 
 
 not we can see no reason for the publication of the hand- 
 bill which was distributed at the doors.” “ Shakspeare ! 
 the effrontery of producing such crudities, such bombast, 
 such impudent and audacious plagiarisms, and challenging 
 the whole kingdom to deny the farrago to be Shakspeare’ s, 
 exceeds credibility ! The bottle conjuror himself would 
 not have calculated so grossly. Need we add the abortion 
 was treated as it deserved? Yet from the spirit that per- 
 vaded the handbill, and various advertisements that have 
 appeared, we can foretel that the funeral dirge of Y orti- 
 gern will be bitter and vociferous.” See “ Morning 
 Chronicle,” April 4, 1796. 
 
 In the Times” of the same day appeared a very able 
 critique, our limits will only permit us to extract the follow- 
 ing pertinent observations : “■ Look through the plot, and 
 every critical eye in examining the scene can see its arche- 
 type, while the plot itself bears a strong resemblance to 
 Macbeth ,— there is a Duncan murdered, — a Malcolm flies, 
 — a Seward comes to fight for him, — let England and 
 Scotland change places, and the likeness is complete, so 
 that it appears the skeleton of that master-piece, which 
 the great God of Poetry has clothed with nerves and 
 muscles, breathed into it the 8etherial fluid, and warmed 
 it with Promethean fire. But Mr. Ireland in his promul- 
 gated handbill, has informed the public, it is in the press. 
 Every reader will then have an opportunity of judging for 
 himself, et qui vult decipi, decipiatur .” 
 
 Mason wrote the following epigram on the forger of the 
 Shakspeare Manuscripts : — 
 
 “ Four forgers, born in one prolific age, 
 
 Much critical acumen did engage. 
 
 The first* was soon by doughty Douglas scared, 
 
 Though Johnson would have screen’d him had he dar’d ; 
 
 * Lauder. 
 
448 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 The next had all the cunning of a Scot,* 
 
 The third, t Invention, Genius, — nay, what not ? 
 
 Fraud, now exhausted, only could dispense 
 To her fourth son, their threefold impudence.” 
 
 The Treasurer of Drury Lane Theatre accounted to 
 Ireland for one hundred and three pounds, due to him 
 as his half of the receipts of the night’s performance, 
 after deducting expenses, so that four hundred and three 
 pounds was the total amount of what he derived from the 
 performance of the play. 
 
 The reader may, perhaps, wish to know what authentic 
 autographs of Shakspeare are known to exist, at the present 
 time. They are the signatures to his Will, now in Doctors’ 
 Commons. His autograph signature affixed to a deed of 
 bargain and sale of a house purchased by him in Black- 
 friars from Henry Walker, dated March 10, 1612, with 
 seals attached to it. This document was presented by Mr. 
 Feather stonhaughj to Garrick, and is now in the possession 
 of Mr. Troward, son of Mr. Troward, the partner of 
 Albany Wallis, Garrick’s executor. Shakspeare’s auto- 
 graph signature to the counterpart of this deed, sold 
 by Messrs. Evans in 1841, for £145, and purchased for 
 the Library of the Corporation of the City of London ; 
 and Shakspeare’s autograph on the fly-leaf of Florio’s 
 Translation of Montaigne’s Essays, sold by Mr. Evans, 
 
 * Bower. 
 
 t Chatterton, to whom Payne Knight has paid this feeling tribute in his 
 Poem on the Progress of Civil Society, 4to. p. 120. 1796. 
 
 u See Chatterton, — but ah, fond Muse, forbear, 
 
 In pity veil the horrors of despair ; 
 
 Nor let the indignant voice of Fame relate 
 The Heaven-born Poet’s melancholy fate. 
 
 Hide his untimely end, when poison gave 
 All he could hope on earth, — a peaceful grave ! 
 
 In silent sorrow consecrate his name, 
 
 Nor let his glory be, his country’s shame.” 
 
 t This was found among the title-deeds of Mr. Featherstonhaugli in 1778. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 449 
 
 in 1838 for £100,* purchased by Mr. Pickering, and re- 
 sold by him to the Trustees of the British Museum. 
 
 452. 
 
 MONSTROSITIES OF 1799. June 25th , 1799. 
 
 A satire on the absurd and inelegant costumes in vogue 
 at the close of the last century. 
 
 453. 
 
 PUNCH CURES THE GOUT, THE CHOLIC, AND 
 THE TISICK. July 13th, 1799. 
 
 This and the following are excellent specimens of the 
 artist’s fancy, which require no particular explanation. 
 The first is an illustration of the old catch — 
 
 Punch cures the gout, the cholic, and the ’tisic ; 
 
 And it is by all agreed the very best of physic. 
 
 These verses and the “Laus Podagras” (by Coquillet), 
 convince us of the truth of Romeo’s ejaculation — 
 
 “ He jests at scars that never felt a wound.” 
 
 454. 
 
 THE GOUT. May 14th, 1?99. 
 
 One of the cleverest and most popular of this artist’s 
 numerous productions. 
 
 455. 
 
 A GENTLEMAN OF THE COURT OF LOUIS XVI. 
 A GENTLEMAN OF THE COURT OF EGALITE 
 1799. August 15th, 1799. 
 
 A satire on French manners, before and after the Revo- 
 
 * Mr. Evans received this volume from the Rev. E. Patteson ; he inherited 
 it from his father, who resided at Smethwick, in Staffordshire, contiguous to 
 the county which gave Shakspeare birth. In the emphatic words of Sir 
 Frederick Maden : It challenges and defies suspicion. See his 
 admirable Tract on the Autographs of Shakspeare, p. 7, 8. 
 
 2 g 2 
 
450 
 
 GILLRAY S CARICATURES. 
 
 lution ; at the former period they were as extravagant in 
 excess of refinement, as at the latter they were in vul- 
 garity. 
 
 456. 
 
 FRENCH TAILOR FITTING JOHN BULL WITH 
 A JEAN DE BRY. Nov . 18 th, 1799. 
 
 A temporary intercourse with France brought over 
 French fashions. The present caricature is intended to 
 shew how ill they fitted J ohn Bull. 
 
 457- 
 
 WALTZER AU MOUCHOIR. Jan. 20th , 1800. 
 
 This was intended for a quiz upon the then foreign 
 dance, waltzing, somewhat like the foregoing upon foreign 
 dress. It may he easily distinguished as the work of an 
 amateur. 
 
 458. 
 
 OH ! LISTEN TO THE VOICE OF LOVE. 
 
 Nov. 14 th, 1799. 
 
 A graphic parody on the burthen of a popular song. A 
 highly-finished plate, a principal object of which appears 
 to be the “ anatomy of expression.” 
 
 459. 
 
 THE COMFORTS OF A RUMFORD STOVE. 
 
 June 1 2th, 1800. 
 
 COUNT RUMFORD. 
 
 It is hardly necessary to state that Count Rumford was 
 one of the most remarkable pretenders to science of his time, 
 though not deficient in ingenuity, as his stoves and his 
 various contrivances for the improvement and simplifying of 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 451 
 
 kitchen operations proved. Peter Pindar has well recorded 
 his fame — 
 
 * l Knight of the dish-clout, wheresoever I walk, 
 
 I hear thee, Rumford, all the kitchen talk : 
 
 Note of melodious cadence on the ear, 
 
 Loud echoes * Rumford’ here, and ‘ Rumford’ there. 
 
 Lo, every parlour, drawing-room, I see, 
 
 Boasts of thy stoves, and talks of nought but thee.” 
 
 This is a portrait of the titled inventor of stoves, and is 
 said to have given great amusement to the original. 
 Garnet, the person alluded to in the inscription at the top, 
 was a chymist attacked by Count Rumford in his journal 
 for having differed in opinion with him. 
 
 460. 
 
 A MILITARY SKETCH OF A GILT STICK, OR 
 POKER EMBLAZONED. June 11th , 1800. 
 
 LORD CATHCART. 
 
 A portrait of one of George the Third's favourites, 
 General Cathcart. 
 
 461. 
 
 A SCOTCH PONY, COMMONLY CALLED A GAL- 
 LOWAY. June Ath, 1803. 
 
 LORD GALLOWAY. 
 
 Understood to he a portrait of Lord Galloway. His 
 pride in the decoration which figures on his breast seems 
 to have been almost proverbial. 
 
 “ We’ll sing Lord Galloway, a man of note, 
 
 Who turn’d his tailor, much enraged, away, 
 
 Because he stitched a star upon his coat 
 So small, it scarcely threw a ray ; 
 
 Whereas he wished a planet huge to flame, 
 
 To put the moon’s full orb to shame.” 
 
452 
 
 GILLRAY S CARICATURES. 
 
 462. 
 
 EQUESTRIAN ELEGANCE ! OR, A NOBLE SCOT, 
 METAMORPHOSED. May 7th, 1803. 
 
 THE MARQUIS OF DOUGLAS (THE PRESENT DUKE OF HAMILTON). 
 
 One of the first objects of Mr. Eox, on being appointed 
 Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, in 1806, was to 
 effect a general peace ; to accomplish this, he was most 
 anxious to secure the mediation of Russia. He proposed 
 the important embassy to the Marquis of Douglas (the 
 present Duke of Hamilton), who accepted the appointment, 
 and discharged its duties to the entire satisfaction of the 
 Government and country. The present print is no doubt 
 allusive to his diplomatic appointment, as well as to his 
 mode of riding in very long stirrups. The Duke was dis- 
 tinguished as one of the most accomplished horsemen of 
 the day. 
 
 463. 
 
 GEORGEY IN THE COAL-HOLE. July 1st, 1800. 
 
 COLONEL HANGER. 
 
 This caricature is founded on a story relating to George 
 Hanger, who on one occasion, when brought into difficulties 
 by his extravagance, set up as a coal merchant. He was 
 a hanger-on of the Prince of Wales in his early days, and 
 published his Memoirs, in 2 vols. 8vo. which contain many 
 curious anecdotes of his contemporaries. 
 
 464. 
 
 A STANDING DISH AT BOODLE'S. 
 
 May 28 th, 1800. 
 
 STANDISH. 
 
 Represents Sir Frank Standish, an individual well known 
 at Boodle's, where he was frequently seen sitting thus at 
 the open window. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 453 
 
 465. 
 
 GENTLE MANNERS, WITH AFFECTIONS MILD, 
 IN WIT A MAN, SIMPLICITY A CHILD. 
 
 Nov. 4th, 1798. 
 
 GENERAL MANNERS. 
 
 466. 
 
 SYMPTOMS OF DEEP THINKING. 
 
 March 25 th, 1800. 
 
 SIR CHARLES BUNBURY, BART. 
 
 Sir Charles Bunbury, Baronet, of Barton, in Suffolk^ 
 was born in May, 1740. On the 2nd of June, 1762, be 
 married Lady Sarah Lennox, daughter of the Duke of 
 Richmond. Lady Sarah Lennox was the grace and orna- 
 ment of the Court of George III. at the commencement 
 of his reign, and inspired the youthful monarch with a 
 passion that many persons thought might place a crown on 
 her head. Never was a couple more unfortunately asso- 
 ciated than Sir Charles and Lady Sarah Bunbury. She 
 was full of life and spirits, highly accomplished, a distin- 
 guished leader of fashion, to be met with in every scene 
 of gaiety. Sir Charles was absorbed in the pleasures of 
 the turf : he had one of the finest studs of race horses in 
 the kingdom ; and the training them for the race course 
 was his supreme delight. He was the constant companion 
 of sportsmen and jockies. We fear he was too often in the 
 stable when he should have been in the drawing-room, and 
 neglected to attend his wife to those parties of pleasure 
 which her station in life entitled her to visit. Fatal con- 
 sequences ensued ; f the form which pleased a king/ and 
 remained unsullied, yielded to the artifices and unremitting 
 attentions of a seducer. In the year 1776; at a masqued 
 baU given at Holland House, by her sister, Lady Holland, 
 she eloped with the Hon. George Napier. Sir Charles 
 Bunbury sued for a divorce, and the marriage was dissolved 
 
454 
 
 GILLRAY's CARICATURES. 
 
 by Act of Parliament in the same year.* When Sir Charles 
 was first informed of the elopement, he could scarcely credit 
 it ; when convinced of the truth he became frantic, and 
 then sunk into a state of despondency. He abandoned all 
 his former pursuits, Bellarioj* no longer interested him ; 
 he sold his stud, retired to the Continent, and travelled 
 for two years in France and Italy. 
 
 When returned home he fell into the company of his 
 old associates, and became again an amateur and patron 
 of the turf. He was elected President of the Jockey Club, 
 and we believe retained the Presidency till his decease. 
 He was considered an oracle on all sporting questions. 
 
 Sir Charles Bunbury had one peculiarity, — he never 
 wore gloves, — but might be seen every day, walking from 
 his house in Pall Mall, to the club houses in St. James's 
 Street, and down to the House of Commons, with his right 
 hand in his bosom, and his left in his breeches' pocket. 
 He was a very honourable man, and it was remarked, that 
 though he never wore gloves , he had always clean hands , 
 which could not be said of every frequenter of the turf. 
 
 Sir Charles Bunbury must have possessed some solid 
 good qualities and very conciliatory manners, as he repre- 
 sented the county of Suffolk in Parliament for forty-three 
 years ; a similar honour could only be boasted of by two 
 other Commoners during the long reign of George III. — 
 namely. Coke the Member for the county of Norfolk, and 
 Byng the Member for Middlesex. 
 
 Sir Charles Bunbury died in March, 1821. 
 
 * As soon as the divorce passed, the Hon. George Napier immediately- 
 married Lady Sarah ; by this marriage she became the mother of the gallant 
 Sir Charles Napier, the late Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in India ; 
 and of General Sir William Napier, whom Sir Robert Peel called “ the 
 faithful, impartial, and eloquent Historian of the Peninsular War." 
 
 I His favourite race horse. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 455 
 
 467. 
 
 [LARGE BOOTS.] May 25th, 1800. 
 
 MR. FRANCO. 
 
 A gentleman then well known on the turf, of Jewish 
 descent, which is indicated by the pigs. This was a private 
 plate. 
 
 468. 
 
 CORPOREAL STAMINA. April 13 th, 1801. 
 
 LORD CHOLMONDLEY 
 
 469. 
 
 A PRINCE OF THE OLD SCHOOL. 
 
 March 11^, 1800. 
 
 BOOTHBY CLOPTON. 
 
 Boothby Clopton was an eccentric old beau, who fre- 
 quented White's and Boodle's, where he was known by the 
 sobriquet of Prince Boothby. He wasted a large fortune, 
 after which, in a fit of mental aberration, he shot himself. 
 
 470. 
 
 PEN-ETRATION. August 6th, 1799. 
 
 JOHN PENN, ESO. 
 
 A caricature of John Penn, Esq. of Spring Gardens and 
 Stoke Park,* whose look bespoke the very opposite charac- 
 teristic to that which the word penetration designates. 
 He was the author of Poems in 2 vols. 8vo. and founder of 
 the Outinian lectures. 
 
 Mr. Penn was the last proprietary and hereditary Go- 
 vernor of the Province (now State) of Pennsylvania. When 
 the American Revolution broke out, he sold his quit-rents 
 in that State for an hundred and thirty thousand pounds. 
 He died June 21, 1834. 
 
 * Stoke Park was purchased by the Right Hon. Henry Labouchere in 1849. 
 
456 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 471. 
 
 HALF NATURAL. August 1st, 1799. 
 
 SKEFFINGTON. 
 
 This celebrated fop of the last age expired very recently, 
 viz. on the 9th of December, 1850, in South Lambeth, at 
 the advanced age of 82. In early life he was notoriously 
 extravagant in dress, and is several times caricatured by 
 Gillray for his foppish costume, as in the two plates before 
 us. In person he was about the middle stature, with large 
 features, sallow complexion, and dark curly hair. His 
 dress for many years consisted of a dark blue coat, with 
 gilt buttons, a yellow waistcoat, white cord inexpressibles 
 with large bunches of white ribbons at the knees, and 
 short top boots, but of late years he became more mo- 
 dernized in his dress. In his declining years, being 
 severely afflicted with rheumatism, which bent him nearly 
 double, he saw but little company. 
 
 His association with the members of the drama com- 
 menced at a very early age, and he was on terms of 
 intimacy with John Kemble, Cook, Munden, Mrs. Siddons, 
 and many others of high standing. He was the author of 
 several successful pieces, one of which, the Sleeping Beauty, 
 had a long run at Drury Lane. Such was his fondness for 
 theatres, that he used often to visit four on the same 
 evening ; and was never known to be absent at the first 
 representation of a new piece, or the debut of a new 
 performer. 
 
 On being applied to by the publisher of the present 
 volume for an explanation of some of the scenes in which he 
 figures prominent, he avoided the question, observing, that 
 he had hoped such fooleries were forgotten, and was sorry 
 to see they were about to be disinterred. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 457 
 
 472 . 
 
 “SO SKIFFY SKIPTON, WITH HIS WONTED 
 GRACE.” Feb . 1st , 1800. 
 
 SKEFFINGTON. 
 
 The same beau, in full dress. The title of the print is 
 a quotation from a political squib of the day. 
 
 Another once very conspicuous personage, says the 
 London correspondent of the “Liverpool Albion,” who 
 has just been suffered to drop into the grave, with a mere 
 line announcing his exit, is Sir Lumley Skeffington. He 
 was almost the last of the roues of Carlton-house, being 
 the glass of fashion in which the Regent dressed himself 
 both before and after BrummeFs time. Sir Lumley was 
 the D’Orsay of the past age — the crack man about town, 
 and his name was a sort of public property at TattersalFs, 
 Almack’s, the theatres, in fact, wherever men and women 
 congregated. Many of his dramatic pieces had great popu- 
 larity, and his taste in theatricals and clothes (he was a 
 prime patron of the garment called “ Spencers”) was thus 
 ridiculed in the “English Bards and Scotch Reviewers,” 
 published forty years ago, viz. : 
 
 <l Shall sapient managers new scenes produce 
 From Cherry, Skeffington, and Mother Goose ? 
 
 In grim array third Lewis’ spectres rise, 
 
 Still Skeffington and Goose divide the prize. 
 
 And sure great Skeffington must claim our praise, 
 
 For skirtless coats and skeletons of plays 
 Renowned alike ; whose genius ne’er confines 
 Her flights to garnish Greenwood’s gay designs ; 
 
 Nor sleep with * Sleeping Beauties,’ but, anon, 
 
 In five facetious acts comes thundering on.” 
 
 The five-act affair to which Byron here alludes is “ Maids 
 and Bachelors,” the best known thing of Skeffington* s, 
 next to the “ Sleeping Beauty,” both of which pieces still 
 keep the stage. Greenwood, above referred to, was a scene- 
 painter at Drury-lane, and as such, as the noble satirist 
 says, the author is much indebted to him. 
 
458 gillray's caricatures. 
 
 473. 
 
 ALL BOND STREET TREMBLED AS HE STRODE. 
 
 May 8th , 1802. 
 
 COLONEL TOWNSEND. 
 
 This is a portrait of Colonel Townsend, of the Grenadier 
 Guards, who was accustomed to walk up and down Bond 
 Street in a haughty, swaggering manner, which acquired 
 him the soubriquet of altitonant. 
 
 474. 
 
 PATTERN STAFF. Nov. 3rd, 1797- 
 
 LORD WEYMOUTH. 
 
 Said to be a back view of this Lord. 
 
 475. 
 
 A DASH UP ST. JAMES'S STREET. Dec. 6th , 1797- 
 
 CAPTAIN CUNNINGHAM. 
 
 An officer of the Coldstream Guards, who lost his lower 
 jaw by a wound received in fighting against the enemies of 
 his country. 
 
 476. 
 
 May 19 th, 1800. 
 
 CAPT. TOWNSEND. 
 
 This is a portrait of Captain Samuel Irwyn Townsend, 
 of the first regiment of Grenadier Guards, who was one of 
 the regular promenaders in St. James's Street. He died 
 Oct. 21, 1849, at Walcot Place, Lambeth, in the 75th 
 year of his age. 
 
 477 . 
 
 NAUTICUS. Oct. llth , 1791. 
 
 DUKE OF CLARENCE. 
 
 A caricature portrait of the late king, when he was 
 young. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 459 
 
 478. 
 
 AN ILLUSTRIOUS CHARACTER. Nov. 1st , 1802. 
 
 DUKE OF CLARENCE. 
 
 Another picture of the same illustrious personage. 
 
 479. 
 
 THE ROYAL LOUNGER. June 26tli, 1804. 
 
 DUKE OF CLARENCE. 
 
 The same personage in another point of view. 
 
 480. 
 
 March 10^, 1802. 
 
 THE PRINCE OF WALES. 
 
 481. 
 
 TAKING PHYSIC. Feb. 6th, 1800. 
 
 This and the three following subjects were merely etched 
 by Gillray from the designs of an amateur. They are not 
 deficient in character. 
 
 482. 
 
 GENTLE EMETIC. Jan. 28th, 1804. 
 
 483. 
 
 BREATHING A VEIN. Jan. 28th, 1804. 
 
 484. 
 
 CHARMING WELL AGAIN. Jan. 28th, 1804. 
 
 485. 
 
 MRS. GIBBS, THE NOTORIOUS STREET- WALKER 
 AND EXTORTER. September 2 3rd, 1799. 
 
 The character of the person here represented may be 
 
460 
 
 gillray's caricatures. 
 
 gathered from the inscriptions on the plate. She finally 
 turned religions, and died in a madhouse. 
 
 486. 
 
 COMFORT TO THE CORNS. Feb. 6th, 1800. 
 
 An excellent example of Gillray's best attempts at the 
 burlesque. 
 
 487. 
 
 BEGONE DULL CARE, I PRITHEE BEGONE 
 FROM ME ! June 1 6th, 1801. 
 
 The burthen of a well-known song, and an admirable 
 specimen of Gillray’s powers of personification. It would 
 not be easy to imagine a better representative of one 
 of the greatest persecutors of human happiness. 
 
 488. 
 
 HOUNDS FINDING. April 8th, 1800. 
 
 This series of four sporting subjects was etched by Gill- 
 ray from the designs of an amateur, whose name is indi- 
 cated hieroglyphically at the corner. They are said to 
 have been favourites with King George, who was a great 
 lover of the chase. 
 
 489. 
 
 HOUNDS IN FULL CRY. April 8th, 1800. 
 
 490. 
 
 HOUNDS THROWING OFF. April 8th, 1800. 
 
 491. 
 
 COMING IN AT THE DEATH. April 8th, 1800. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 461 
 
 492. 
 
 Plate 1. 
 
 COCKNEY SPORTSMEN MARKING GAME. 
 
 Nov. 12 th, 1800. 
 
 This and the three following prints form another series 
 of sporting subjects, a burlesque companion to the preced- 
 ing. They are the work of another amateur, who has only 
 favoured us with his initials. They explain themselves. 
 Hornsey Wood was a celebrated haunt of the sportsmen 
 of the city. 
 
 493. 
 
 Plate 2. 
 
 COCKNEY SPORTSMEN SHOOTING FLYING. 
 
 Nov. 12th, 1800. 
 
 494. 
 
 Plate 3. 
 
 COCKNEY SPORTSMEN RECHARGING. 
 
 Nov. 12 th, 1800. 
 
 495. 
 
 Plate 4. 
 
 COCKNEY SPORTSMEN FINDING A HARE. 
 
 Nov. 12th, 1800. 
 
 496. 
 
 VENUS ATTIRED BY THE GRACES. 
 
 Dec. 8th, 1800. 
 
 A satire on some vulgar fashionable of the commence- 
 ment of the present century. 
 
462 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 497. 
 
 DIDO IN DESPAIR. Feb. 6th, 1801. 
 
 LADY HAMILTON. 
 
 A rather exaggerated picture, as far as rotundity goes, 
 of the mistress of the celebrated Nelson. The attributes 
 of the picture allude to circumstances of the life and cha- 
 racter of the lady, and to the antiquarian pursuits of her 
 husband. She is said to have sat to the artist for the 
 positions given in the volume known as Lady Hamilton’s 
 Attitudes. 
 
 498. 
 
 A COGNOSCENTI CONTEMPLATING THE BEAU- 
 TIES OF THE ANTIQUE. Feb. 10 tk, 1801. 
 
 SIR WILLIAM HAMILTON. 
 
 A portrait of the celebrated antiquary and diplomatist, 
 whose lady figures in the preceding print. It is not diffi- 
 cult to guess the allusions in many of the articles he is 
 contemplating. Lady Hamilton as Cleopatra,* and Nelson 
 as Mark Antony, with himself in the character of Claudius 
 — he was a great lover of the table — are the pictures which 
 adorn the walls. 
 
 499. 
 
 A PAIR OF POLISHED GENTLEMEN. 
 
 March \0th, 1801. 
 
 SKEFFINGTON. HON. MONTAGUE MATTHEWS. 
 
 Another picture of Skeffington, in company with a fop 
 not much inferior to himself. It is insinuated that the 
 principal polish of these two gentlemen was on their hoots. 
 
 500. 
 
 ARS MUSICA. Feb. 1 6th, 1800. 
 
 Another amateur design, from the same artist as the 
 
 * She is represented in the character of Cleopatra in Boydell’s Plates to 
 Shakespeare. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 463 
 
 sporting series described before, as we learn from tbe 
 hieroglyphic in the corner. 
 
 501. 
 
 A WELCH TANDEM. June 21 st, 1801. 
 
 SIR WATKIN WILLIAMS WYNN, AND BROTHERS. 
 
 These three Wynns were celebrated characters in high 
 life in their day. The three goats refer to their Welsh 
 parentage. 
 
 502. 
 
 WHAT CAN LITTLE T O DO? 
 
 May 1st a 1801. 
 
 What can little T O do ? 
 
 Why drive a phaeton and two ! ! 
 
 Can little T O do no more ? 
 
 Yes, drive a phaeton and four ! ! ! ! 
 
 TOMMY ONSLOW (AFTERWARDS LORD CRANLEY). 
 
 A good likeness of one of the most celebrated whips of 
 his day. The riders behind him are said to be Lord Kirk- 
 cudbright and another noted buck, then well known in 
 fashionable circles. 
 
 503. 
 
 FAT CATTLE. Jan . 1 6th, 1802. 
 
 DUKE OF BEDFORD. 
 
 An allusion to the obesity of this noble Duke, as well as 
 to his agricultural tastes — he being a great breeder of 
 cattle. 
 
 504. 
 
 ELEGANCE DEMOCRATIQUE. A SKETCH FOUND 
 NEAR HIGH WYCOMBE. July 8 th, 1799. 
 
 A portrait of the Earl of Wycombe, son of the first 
 Marquis of Lansdowne. He opposed the French war, and 
 
 2 H 
 
464 
 
 gillray's caricatures. 
 
 was a supporter of all liberal measures. He succeeded bis 
 father as Marquis of Lansdowne in ; and, dying with- 
 
 out issue, was succeeded by his half-brother, Lord Henry 
 Petty, the present Marquis of Lansdowne. 
 
 505. 
 
 ANACREONTICS IN FULL SONG. Dec . 1st, 1801. 
 
 A meeting of the Anacreontic Society, or of the New 
 Beefsteak Club, of both which Captain Morris and the 
 Prince of Wales appear to have been members. One of 
 the grossest collection of songs, containing among others 
 many written by Captain Morris, is known as the Ana- 
 creontic collection. Prefixed to this volume, which is in 
 three parts and without date, is a short account of the Old 
 and New Beefsteak Clubs, the Anacreontic Society, and 
 the Humbug Club. We quote one passage. 
 
 “His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales and the 
 Duke of Orleans, are members of this club : the other 
 contributory members are chiefly bon-vivant noblemen, 
 military officers of rank, gentlemen of the learned pro- 
 fessions, rich and respectable citizens, and other men of 
 distinction in life.” 
 
 506. 
 
 METALLIC TRACTORS. 
 
 DR. PERKINS. 
 
 A Dr. Perkins was the author of this invention to cure 
 all diseases, which had extraordinary run, long enough for 
 the inventor to pocket a considerable sum of money. 
 Popular credulity seems to be the same in all ages. 
 
 507. 
 
 A LYONESS. July 1 3th, 1801. 
 
 MRS. LYON. 
 
 A Jewish lady of the bon ton , the wife of a great loan 
 contractor named Lyon, the Rothschild of his day. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 465 
 
 508. 
 
 A BRAVURA AIR. MANDANE. Dec . 22nd , 1801. 
 
 MRS. BILLINGTON. 
 
 The most celebrated singer of her day, in one of her 
 favourite characters. She resided in Italy for a consider- 
 able while for the improvement of her health and vocal 
 powers. On her return to England there was as much 
 excitement to hear her as there has lately been to hear 
 Jenny Lind. The two great theatres competed to secure 
 her, but eventually entered into a compromise by which 
 she was engaged to perform alternately at each theatre, 
 from Oct. 1801 to April 1802, and the proprietors respec- 
 tively bound themselves to secure her £2000 each, including 
 her benefit, a price unheard of in those days. She was 
 at that time the only English vocalist who could act as 
 well as sing. Mandane, in the opera of Artaxerxes, was 
 her great character. 
 
 509. 
 
 MENTAL ENERGY. April 13 th, 1801. 
 
 LORD CLARE. 
 
 This nobleman, whose eccentric appearance is here cari- 
 catured, was celebrated chiefly as an Irish statesman, and 
 was especially active at the period of the Union. 
 
 510. 
 
 A PINCH OF CEPHALIC. Jan. 2 5th, 1822. 
 
 The Parliamentary debates, even in those stirring times, 
 required an antidote against the influence of Morpheus. 
 
 511. 
 
 A BOUQUET OF THE LAST CENTURY. 
 
 Feb. 1 st, 1802. 
 
 THE DOWAGER LADY DACRE. 
 
 2 H 2 
 
466 
 
 gillray's caricatures. 
 
 512. 
 
 LORDLY ELEVATION. Jan. 6th, 1802. 
 
 EARL OF KIRKCUDBRIGHT. 
 
 Lord Kirkcudbright, who was a very little man, was 
 remarkable for his vanity and foppery. He is here at his 
 toilette, raised on the only elevation he possessed, that of 
 his toilette. 
 
 513. 
 
 ADVANTAGES OF WEARING MUSLIN DRESSES I 
 
 Feb . 15^, 1802. 
 
 Muslin dresses had become very fashionable at the 
 period when this caricature was published, and several 
 disastrous results of accidental ignition gave to this print 
 a peculiar air of truthfulness. It may be that those in- 
 terested in the print trade encouraged the production of 
 what was likely to remove prestige from its rival. 
 
 514. 
 
 TALES OF WONDER. Feb. 1st, 1802. 
 
 A satire on the rage for the horrible which had been 
 extensively spread by the publication of “The Monk,” 
 “ The Bravo of Venice,” and “ Tales of Wonder,” written 
 by M. G. Lewis. 
 
 515. 
 
 DIANA RETURN'D FROM THE CHASE. 
 
 March 1 6th, 1802. 
 
 THE MARCHIONESS OF SALISBURY. 
 
 The Diana of Hatfield. Lady Salisbury was celebrated 
 as a huntress, and as one of the leading dames in fashion- 
 able life. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 46 ? 
 
 516. 
 
 BLOWING-UP THE PIC-NICS ; OR, HARLEQUIN 
 QUIXOTE ATTACKING THE PUPPETS. 
 
 April 2 nd, 1802. 
 
 MRS. BILLINGTON. GARRICK. LEWIS. KEMBLE. MRS. SID- 
 DONS. SHERIDAN. LADY BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. LADY 
 SALISBURY. COLONEL GRENVILLE. LORD CHOLMONDELEY. 
 LORD VALLETORT. 
 
 The Pic-nic Society is understood to have originated 
 with Lady Albina Buckinghamshire ; it was formed in the 
 spring of 1802, by a number of the fashionable stars of the 
 day, to perform farces and burlettas, which were to be 
 relieved with feasts and ridottos, and a variety of other 
 entertainments. The Society was very exclusive. Each 
 member, previous to the performances, drew from a silk 
 bag a ticket which was to decide the portion of entertain- 
 ment which he was expected to afford. The performances 
 took place in rooms in Tottenham Street. 
 
 The regular theatrical performers took alarm at this 
 scheme, which they imagined would draw from the stage 
 much of the higher patronage on which it depended for 
 support. A charge of immorality was also raised against 
 them, and they became the butt of the attacks of many of 
 the newspapers, among which the Post, Chronicle, Herald, 
 and Evening Courier were prominent. The greater actors 
 are here attacking the Pic-nics, led by Sheridan, who was 
 said to be the great instigator of the newspaper attacks. 
 
 517. 
 
 THE PIC-NIC ORCHESTRA. April 23rd, 1802. 
 
 LORD VALLETORT. LORD CHOLMONDELEYc LADY BUCKINGHAM- 
 SHIRE. LADY SALISBURY. 
 
 Another satire on the Pic-Nics, in which some of the 
 leading musical members are represented in full character. 
 
468 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 518. 
 
 GEUMANS EATING SOURKROUT. May 7th, 1803. 
 
 A satire on German diet. From tlie inscriptions on the 
 pot and platter, it appears that the scene is laid at Wey- 
 ler’s in Castle Street, a noted house at that time for Ger- 
 man diet, and much frequented by Germans. 
 
 519. 
 
 THE COW-POCK ; OR, THE WONDERFUL 
 EFFECTS OF THE NEW INOCULATION ! 
 
 June 12th, 1802. 
 
 DR. JENNER. 
 
 A graphic burlesque on the evils which it was presumed 
 might arise from vaccination, which was gaining ground in 
 defiance of the rooted prejudice of most of the faculty in 
 favour of the small-pox. Dr. Jenner had discovered and 
 presented this boon to mankind about six years before the 
 publication of this plate. 
 
 520. 
 
 SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES ! NEW DISCOVERIES 
 IN PNEUM.ATICKS ! OR, AN EXPERIMENTAL 
 LECTURE ON THE POWERS OF AIR. 
 
 May 23rd, 1802. 
 
 MR. THOLDAL MR. DENYS. SIR J. C. HIPPESLEY. (?) LADY 
 C. DENYS. DR. GARNET. MR. (AFTERWARDS SIR H.) DAVY. 
 mr. d’israeli. COUNT RUMFORD. 
 
 A burlesque on the Royal Institution, which had been 
 recently founded. Most of the figures are portraits of the 
 more distinguished members of the Institution. The gen- 
 tleman experimented upon is Sir J. C. Hippesley; the 
 operator, Dr. Garnet. The bellows are held by Sir Hum- 
 phry Davy, not then a baronet. To the extreme right 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 469 
 
 (to the left of Davy) Count Rumford is easily recognized ; 
 and in the circle, beginning with him, are Mr. D ’Israeli 
 (in spectacles) ; Earl Gower (afterwards Marquis of Staf- 
 ford) ; Lord Stanhope ; Earl Pomfret ; Sir Henry Engle- 
 held; Miss Lock (afterwards Mrs. Angerstein) ; Mr. 
 Sothehy ; Mr. Denys (in spectacles) with his little hoy ; 
 back front view of his wife, Lady Charlotte Denys (daugh- 
 ter of Lord Pomfret) ; Miss Denys ; Mr. Tholdal (a Ger- 
 man in the suite of a foreign minister) ; and others who 
 are either not portraits or are not now known. 
 
 521. 
 
 GOVERNOR WALL'S GHOST. July 21 st, 1802. 
 
 Captain Wall was Governor of Goree in Africa, and was 
 subsequently tried and executed at Newgate for having 
 during his governorship caused a private soldier to be wan- 
 tonly flogged to death. His name was very unpopular 
 with the London mob. The tall personage represented 
 here was a great frequenter of the Cider Cellar in Maiden 
 Lane, and bore so close a resemblance to the individual 
 just mentioned, that he was commonly known by the 
 nickname of “ Governor Wall’s Ghost,” under which cha- 
 racter his appearance here alarms an unfortunate fish- 
 woman. Governor Wall reported the parliamentary 
 debates, and was the first person who gave the real names 
 of the speakers. 
 
 522. 
 
 MARY OF BUTTERMERE. November 15 th, 1802. 
 
 A portrait of this rural beauty, whose fate excited so 
 much commiseration. She was the daughter of old Mr. 
 Robinson, who kept a small ale-house on the banks of the 
 Lake of Keswick, in Cumberland, and was often called 
 the Beauty of Buttermere. The disastrous event which 
 brought her into public notice, was occasioned by a visit 
 
470 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 of John Hatfield, the notorious swindler, &c. to Keswick, 
 on a fishing party, in August, 1802. Here he took up his 
 residence at the house of Mary’s father, calling himself 
 the Hon. A. A. Hope, Member for Dumfries, and first 
 
 paid his addresses to Miss D , a young lady of fortune, 
 
 who was there at the same time. Failing of success with 
 regard to her, in consequence of the interference of a gen- 
 tleman, one of her friends, and fearing an exposure if he 
 persisted, he made all haste to gain the hand of Mary, 
 and married her publicly by license, at the parish church, 
 October 2nd, 1802. He then persuaded some of the cre- 
 dulous inhabitants to cash several of his drafts, and left 
 the village on a tour, but returned shortly after, when Sir 
 F. Vane granted a warrant for his apprehension, which 
 obliged him to fly the place under the pretext of fishing 
 on the lake, not however without getting another of his 
 drafts cashed. Mary was now left at Buttermere, and in 
 an old trunk, which belonged to her vicious husband, 
 discovered a number of letters which disclosed a dark 
 tissue of crimes and amongst others that of bigamy. 
 
 The report of so great a man as Colonel Hope marrying 
 a poor young woman in Cumberland was speedily contra- 
 dicted in the public papers, and soon afterwards an adver- 
 tisement appeared, declaring him an impostor, swindler, 
 and felon, and offering a reward of £50 for his appre- 
 hension, giving an accurate description of his person. 
 Within a few days he was apprehended near Brecknock, 
 brought to London and lodged in Bridewell, and under- 
 went several examinations before Sir B. Ford at Bow 
 Street, where his long course of villainy was brought to 
 light. On Monday, August 15th, he was tried at Carlisle 
 before Baron Thompson, on the charges of having used 
 the name of the Hon. Alex. Aug. Hope for fraudulent 
 purposes, and of having forged bills under the same name, 
 was found guilty, and condemned to the gallows. Neither 
 Mary nor another wife could be prevailed upon to pro- 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 471 
 
 secute him for bigamy, and upon this charge he accord- 
 ingly escaped. He met his death with great calmness and 
 resignation, having passed the time subsequent to his con- 
 viction in reading, writing, and the offices of religion. 
 
 Happily for Mary, the child with which she was preg- 
 nant by Hatfield was still-born. She bore an irreproach- 
 able character as an affectionate daughter, and a modest 
 and well-conducted woman. Her beauty, it is said, has 
 been very much overrated; but that her gracefulness, 
 expression, and accomplishments, were more than equiva- 
 lent for any deficiency in form or feature. 
 
 523. 
 
 DILLETTANTI THEATRICALS; OR, A PEEP AT 
 THE GREEN ROOM. Feb . 18*//, 1803. 
 
 VALLETORT. LORD CHOLMONDELEY. LORD CARLISLE. LORD 
 DERBY. LADY SALISBURY. SPOONER. LORD SALISBURY. 
 THE MISSES ABRAHAM. LADY BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. PRINCE 
 OE WALES. MRS. EITZHERBERT. LADY JERSEY. SKEFFING- 
 TON. LORD KIRKCUDBRIGHT. QUEEN SB ERRY. G. HANGER. 
 
 Another satire on the Pic-nics, composed at the time 
 when they were already sinking under a load of popular 
 obloquy. It is a busy spirited scene, and the artist seems 
 to have had in his eye Hogarth's well known picture of 
 “ Dressing in a Barn." The list given above will explain 
 the portraits. It is said that in one of these performances 
 the bulky Lady Albina took the part of Cowslip, and that 
 the no less huge Lord Cholmondeley actually performed 
 that of Cupid. 
 
 524. 
 
 A GREAT MAN ON THE TURF; OR, SIR SOLO- 
 MON IN ALL HIS GLORY. July 7th, 1803. 
 
 DUKE OF BEDFORD. 
 
 This is understood to represent the Duke of Bedford. 
 Sir Solomon was the name of a noted racer. 
 
472 
 
 gillray's caricatures. 
 
 525. 
 
 THE THREE MR. WIGGINS'S. June 1 6th, 1803. 
 
 THE HON. MONTAGUE MATTHEWS. LORD LLANDAFF. 
 
 HON. GEORGE MATTHEWS. 
 
 Lord Llandaff and his two brothers, a celebrated trio of 
 fashionables, well known on the lounge in Bond Street. 
 
 526. 
 
 THE BULSTROEE SIREN. April 14 th, 1803. 
 
 DUKE OF PORTLAND. MRS. BILLINGTON. 
 
 Mrs. Billington was at this time residing with the Duke 
 of Portland at his mansion at Bulstrode. 
 
 527. 
 
 A HINT TO YOUNG OFFICERS. July 7 th, 1804. 
 
 LORD MOIRA. TOM SHERIDAN. 
 
 The circumstance alluded to in this plate, is as follows. 
 Lord Moira, w T ho was then Governor of Edinburgh Castle, 
 severely scolded his servant one morning for not calling 
 him in time for review. The man excused himself on the 
 plea that Mr. Tom Sheridan, his lordship's aide-de-camp, 
 never returned home till four or five o'clock in the morn- 
 ing, and that this was the cause of his oversleeping 
 himself. Lord Moira desired him not to sit up that night, 
 as he would open the door himself. Accordingly, when 
 Sheridan knocked, his lordship opened it. Sheridan felt 
 the rebuke, made many apologies, and promised to be 
 more regular in future. 
 
 528. 
 
 A BROAD HINT OF NOT MEANING TO DANCE. 
 
 November 20th, 1804. 
 
 One of those imaginative sketches, which afford such 
 admirable pictures of contemporary manners. This and 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 4?3 
 
 the three following are from designs by Mr. Brownlow 
 North. 
 
 529. 
 
 COMPANY SHOCKED AT A LADY GETTING UP 
 TO BING THE BELL. November 20 th, 1804. 
 
 A widow and her suitors, who seem to have forgot their 
 manners in the intensity of their admiration. 
 
 530. 
 
 AN OLD MAID ON A JOUBNEY. Nov. 20 th, 1804. 
 
 The satire in this print is said to he both general and 
 particular, as the artist is supposed to have personified in 
 his old maids the well known Miss Banks, whose collections 
 have enriched the British Museum. 
 
 531. 
 
 EOBTUNE HUNTING. Nov. 20^/ 1804. 
 
 Another of Brownlow North’s sketches. 
 
 532. 
 
 THE THEATBICAL BUBBLE; BEING A NEW 
 SPECIMEN OF THE ASTONISHING POWEBS 
 OF THE GBEAT POLITICO PUNCHINELLO, 
 IN THE ABT OF DBAMATIC PUFFING. 
 
 Jan. Jth, 1805. 
 
 LORD DERBY. LORD CARLISLE. SHERIDAN. MASTER BETTY. 
 MRS. JORDAN. DUKE OF CLARENCE. FOX. 
 
 On the young Boscius (Master Betty), whose appearance 
 on the boards of Drury gave so great a lift to Sheridan’s 
 finances. The persons represented as spectators of Sheri- 
 dan’s skill in the bubble way, were the great patrons of 
 Betty’s performances. 
 
474 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 533. 
 
 THE GUARDIAN ANGEL. April 22nd , 1805. 
 
 PRINCESS CHARLOTTE. MRS. FITZILERBERT. STANHOPE. 
 
 GRENVILLE. GREY. ERSKINE. CARLISLE. BURDETT. 
 FOX. NORFOLK. SHERIDAN. 
 
 This parody on the Rev. Mr. Peters’s picture is said to 
 have been intended as a satire on a rumoured attempt of 
 Mrs. Eitzherbert to convert the Princess Charlotte to the 
 Catholic faith. The position given to the members of the 
 celebrated “ All the Talents” Administration alludes to 
 their efforts in favour of Catholic Emancipation. 
 
 534. 
 
 A COCKNEY AND HIS WIFE GOING TO 
 WYCOMBE. June 10 th, 1805. 
 
 A picture of Cockney life at the beginning of the present 
 century. 
 
 535. 
 
 POSTING IN IRELAND. April 8tli, 1805. 
 
 This happy burlesque on the pleasures of travelling in 
 Ireland was also from the pencil of an amateur, as are the 
 two which follow. 
 
 536. 
 
 CLEARING A FIVE-BAR GATE. August 20th, 1805. 
 
 537- 
 
 POSTING IN SCOTLAND. May 2 5th, 1805. 
 
 A worthy companion to No. 535. 
 
 538. 
 
 HARMONY BEFORE MATRIMONY. 
 
 October 2 5 th, 1805 
 
 This and the following are two of the happiest of Gill- 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 475 
 
 ray's fancy sketches, and have something Hogarthian in 
 their character. 
 
 539. 
 
 MATRIMONIAL HARMONICS. October 25th , 1805. 
 
 540. 
 
 ELEMENTS OF SKATEING. ATTITUDE ! ATTI- 
 TUDE IS EVERYTHING. November 24th, 1805. 
 
 Four subjects in perfect accord with the season at which 
 they were published, and no unfavourable samples of the 
 artist's pencil. 
 
 541. 
 
 ELEMENTS OF SKATEING. THE CONSEQUENCE 
 OF GOING BEFORE THE WIND. 
 
 November 24th, 1805. 
 
 542. 
 
 ELEMENTS OF SKATEING. A FUNDAMENTAL 
 ERROR IN THE ART OF SKATEING. 
 
 November 24th , 1805. 
 
 543. 
 
 ELEMENTS OF SKATEING. MAKING THE MOST 
 OF A PASSING FRIEND IN A CASE OF EMER- 
 GENCY. November 24th, 1805. 
 
 544. 
 
 MORNING PROMENADE UPON THE CLIFF, 
 BRIGHTON. January 24th, 1806. 
 
 Another amateur production ; a picture of Brighton life 
 
 in 1806. 
 
 545. 
 
 THE RAKE'S PROGRESS AT THE UNIVERSITY. 
 —No 1 . October 22nd, 1806. 
 
 <f Ah me ! what perils doth that youth encounter, 
 
 Who dares within the Fellows’ bog to enter.” 
 
 This and the four following are a series of illustrations 
 
476 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 of University life, rather too broadly caricatured, and not 
 among the best of Gillray’s productions. 
 
 546. 
 
 THE RAKE’S PROGRESS AT THE UNIVERSITY. 
 — No. 2. October 22nd, 1806. 
 
 “ Ah me ! that thou the Freshman’s Guide should’st read, 
 
 Yet venture on the hallowed grass to tread.” 
 
 547- 
 
 THE RAKE’S PROGRESS AT THE UNIVERSITY. 
 — No. 3. October 22nd, 1806. 
 
 “The Master’s wig the guilty wight appals 
 Who brings his dog within the College walls.” 
 
 548. 
 
 THE RAKE’S PROGRESS AT THE UNIVERSITY. 
 — No. 4. October 22nd, 1806. 
 
 “ Expulsion waits that son of Alma Mater 
 Who dares to shew his face in boot or gaiter.” 
 
 549. 
 
 THE RAKE’S PROGRESS AT THE UNIVERSITY. 
 - — No. 5. October 22nd, 1806. 
 
 u Convened for wearing gaiters, sad offence ! 
 
 Expelled, nor e’en permitted a defence.” 
 
 550. 
 
 THE SOUND OF THE HORN! OR, THE DANGER 
 OF RIDING AN OLD HUNTER. Dec. 1st, 1807- 
 
 The design of an Amateur. 
 
 551. 
 
 CONNOISSEURS EXAMINING A COLLECTION 
 OF GEORGE MORLANDS. Nov. 1 6th, 1807- 
 
 (?) ANGERSTE1N. MITCHELL. CALEB WHITEFORD. G. BAKER. 
 
 MORTIMER. 
 
 An Exhibition of “ Morlands.” The artist was driven 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 477 
 
 by bis necessities to manufacture many daubs, with which 
 the market was at this time glutted. This print appears 
 to be a satire on these puffed sales. Among the spectators 
 may be observed Mr. G. Baker, of St. PauTs Churchyard, 
 the well-known print collector, the Quisquilius of DibdnPs 
 Bibliomania. 
 
 MOTHER GOOSE, OE OXFORD. May 12th, 1807- 
 
 A well known Oxford character of the beginning of the 
 century. 
 
 This series of pictures of the weather seems to have been 
 the work of an amateur artist. In his latter years Gillray 
 frequently etched the productions of other artists. 
 
 552. 
 
 553. 
 
 DELICIOUS WEATHER. 
 
 Feb. 10 th, 1808. 
 
 554. 
 
 DREADFUL HOT WEATHER. Feb. 10 th, 1808. 
 
 555. 
 
 SAD SLOPPY WEATHER. 
 
 Feb. 10 th, 1808. 
 
 556. 
 
 RAW WEATHER. 
 
 Feb. 10 th } 1808. 
 
 557. 
 
 FINE BRACING WEATHER. 
 
 Feb. 10 th, 1808. 
 
 WINDY WEATHER. 
 
 558 . 
 
 Feb. 10 th, 1808. 
 
4?8 
 
 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 559. 
 
 VERY SLIPPY WEATHER. Feb . 10 th, 1808. 
 
 A view of the shop of Gillray’s publisher, with the 
 crowd usually assembled round the window. 
 
 560. 
 
 MAECENAS IN PURSUIT OE THE FINE ARTS. 
 
 May 9th, 1808. 
 
 THE MARQUIS OF STAFFORD (THE FIRST DUKE OF SUTHERLAND.) 
 
 This noble patron of the fine arts, entering Christie’s 
 sale rooms on a cold wintry day. 
 
 EAST ASLEEP. 
 
 561. 
 
 Nov. 1 st, 1806. 
 
 WIDE AWAKE. 
 
 562. 
 
 Nov. \st, 1806. 
 
 
 563. 
 
 
 A VIEW OE NEWMARKET HEATH. June 9th, 1807. 
 
 DAVIS. 
 
 A man well known on the turf by the epithet of “ Goose 
 Davis.” He is said to have received this name from the 
 circumstance that having been transported in his younger 
 days to the other side of the Pacific, he was bartered by 
 one master to another for a goose. On his return he 
 became rich, and cut a figure on the turf. 
 
 564. 
 
 AN OLD ENCORE AT THE OPERA. 
 
 April 1st, 1803. 
 
 THE EARL OF GALLOWAY. 
 
 A very constant attendant, even in his old age, at the 
 Opera. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 479 
 
 565. 
 
 FARMER GILES AND HIS WIFE SHEWING OFF 
 THEIR DAUGHTER BETTY TO THEIR NEIGH- 
 BOURS ON HER RETURN FROM SCHOOL. 
 
 Jan . 1st, 1809. 
 
 A caricature on the pretentious manners of the English 
 farmers, who were now beginning to ape the aristocracy, 
 and gave their children an education calculated for any- 
 thing hut the humble pursuits of their forefathers. 
 
 566. 
 
 VENUS A LA COQUILLE ; OR, THE SWAN-SEA 
 VENUS. March 28 th, 1809. 
 
 This is said to represent Mrs. Jones, of Swansea, a 
 celebrated whip, frequently seen in Hyde Park, driving a 
 curricle. It is a very correct representation both of her 
 person and costume. One of her attendants is said to 
 have been a particular favourite. 
 
 567. 
 
 THEATRICAL MENDICANTS RELIEVED. 
 
 Jan. 1 5 th, 1809. 
 
 MRS. SIDDONS. KEMBLE. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. 
 
 When Covent Garden had been destroyed by fire, John 
 Kemble, who had a great stake in it, solicited subscrip- 
 tions for rebuilding it. The Duke of Northumberland, 
 whose son Kemble had instructed in elocution, gave him 
 the munificent present of ten thousand pounds. Kemble, 
 as it is well known, insisted on pronouncing the word 
 aches as though it were written aitches, which is ridiculed 
 in the inscription underneath this picture. 
 
 2 1 
 
480 
 
 gillray's caricatures. 
 
 568. 
 
 LES INVISIBLES. 1810. 
 
 A satire on fashionable dress in the year 1810. 
 
 569. 
 
 LA WALSE. LE BON GENRE. 1810. 
 
 The walse was at this time new in England, and just 
 coming into fashion. 
 
 570. 
 
 PROGRESS OF THE TOILET. — THE STAYS.— 
 Plate 1 . Feb. 2 6th, 1810. 
 
 A series of illustrations which form another satire of 
 fashionable manners, shewing the way in which nature was 
 beautified. 
 
 571. 
 
 PROGRESS OF THE TOILET. — THE WIG. — 
 Plate 2. Feb . 2 6th, 1810. 
 
 572. 
 
 PROGRESS OF THE TOILET. — DRESS COM- 
 PLETED.— Plate 3. Feb. 26th, 1810. 
 
 573. 
 
 GRACE, FASHION, AND MANNERS.— FROM THE 
 LIFE. 
 
 An amateur sketch of three young ladies, well known 
 at the time, and said to have been three daughters of Lord 
 Huntingtower. 
 
 574. 
 
 A PETTY PROFESSOR OF MODERN HISTORY, 
 BROUGHT TO LIGHT. March 20th, 1810. 
 
 PROF. SMYTH. 
 
 A caricature on the well-known and respected Professor 
 of Modern History in the University of Cambridge. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES. 
 
 48 1 
 
 575. 
 
 COUNSELLOR O. P. DEFENDER OF OUR THE- 
 ATRIC LIBERTIES. December 5th, 1809, 
 
 CLIFFORD. 
 
 “ Counsellor Clifford/ 5 a barrister who was a well known 
 frequenter of the Cider Cellar, was the leader of the cele- 
 brated O. P. riots on the re-opening of Covent Garden 
 Theatre at the end of 1809. He is represented here as 
 the theatrical incendiary. The paper on the ground 
 alludes to an action connected with the O. P. riots, in 
 which the Counsellor obtained a verdict of five pounds 
 damages. 
 
 5 76. 
 
 A SQUALL. May 1 6th, 1810. 
 
 577 . 
 
 A CALM. May 1 6th, 1810. 
 
 These two scenes on the beach appear to be only etched 
 by Gillray. 
 
 578. 
 
 THE GRACES IN A HIGH WIND. May 26th, 1810. 
 
 LADY GRACE TOLLEMACHE. LADY JANE HALLIDAY. LADY 
 LOUISA MANNERS (AFTERWARDS COUNTESS OF DYSART.) 
 
 The inconveniences of windy weather illustrated in the 
 case of three fashionable beauties. 
 
 579. 
 
 A LITTLE MUSIC; OR, THE DELIGHTS OF 
 HARMONY. May 20th, 1810. 
 
 A most decidedly musical party. It is evident that the 
 snoring of the old gentleman chimes in with the harmony 
 
 2 1 2 
 
482 gillray’s caricatures. 
 
 of tlie whole, quite as well as the canine and feline duo 
 from the floor. 
 
 580. 
 
 MATINS AT D — WN — NG COLLEGE, CAM- 
 BRIDGE. March 28th , 1810. 
 
 The Master of Downing, Sir Beusie Harwood, and his 
 lady, an eccentric pair, who are said to have indulged in 
 morning amusements of a somewhat singular character. 
 
 581. 
 
 BILLY THE GAMEKEEPER. April 23 rd, 1810. 
 
 BATES. 
 
 One of the gamekeepers of George III., said to be a 
 favourite. 
 
 582. 
 
 A BARBER’S SHOP IN ASSIZE TIME. 
 
 Map 15th, 1818. 
 
 This was Gillray’s last work on copper, and was not 
 published till after his death. He is said to have worked 
 at it during short lucid intervals of his mental derange- 
 ment. The design, which is dated January 9th, 1811, is, as 
 stated, by Bunbury, but it contains many traces of Gill- 
 ray’s style, and forms a worthy conclusion to the series of 
 his works. 
 
INDEX 
 
 i 
 
 The figures refer to the number of the Plate. 
 
 Abbot, Mr. 265, 354 
 Abraham, the Misses, 523 
 Achmuty, Colonel, 89 
 Adding-ton, Hon. Mr. 201, 260, 265, 
 266, 267, 268, 272, 273, 274,276, 
 290, 293, 298, 300 
 Addington, Mr. J. H. 260 
 A(ddingto)n, Master, 274 
 Advantages of -wearing Muslin 
 Dresses, 513 
 Affability, 120 
 
 Affrighted Centaur, and Lion Britan- 
 nique, 236 
 
 Agriculture, Board of, 214 
 Ahithophel in the Dumps, 1 7 
 Airis, Governor, 217 
 Alecto and her train at the Gate of 
 Pandemonium, 56 
 
 All Bond Street trembled as he strode, 
 473 
 
 Allied Powers unbooting Egalite, 246 
 Amherst, Lord, 367, 368 
 Amsterdam in a darn’d predicament, 
 29 
 
 Anacreontics in full song, 505 
 Ancient Music, 23 
 
 Anderson, iEneas, on the Embassy to 
 China, 88 
 
 Anecdote Magonique, 379*** 
 
 Angel gliding on a Sunbeam into 
 Paradise, 386 
 Angerstein, Mr. 551 
 Annual Register, extract from, 279 
 Anticipation, or the approaching fate 
 of the French Commercial Treaty, 
 20 
 
 Antisaccharites, 78 
 Apotheosis of Hoche, 219 
 Apotheosis of the Corsican Phoenix, 
 353 
 
 Apples (The) and the Horse-turds, 296 
 Archduke Charles, 411 
 Archer, Lady, 65, 374, 383, 423, 424, 
 425 
 
 Arden, Pepper, 20, 23, 44, 132, 135, 
 140, 155 
 
 Argyll, Duke of, 317 
 Armed Heroes, 276 
 Armistead, Mrs. 395 
 Ars Musica, 500 
 
 Arundel Castle, painted windows in, 
 394, 437 
 
 Ashbridge, Mr. 23 
 Assaut d’Armes, 375 
 Asne, General, 223 
 Atkinson, Christopher, 10 
 Austria, 126 
 Austria, Emperor of, 29 
 Austrian Bugaboo funking the French 
 army, 81 
 
 Autographs of Shakspeare, 451 
 Bagenal, Mr. 6 
 
 Baiser (Le) ala Wirtembourg, 171 
 Baker, Mr. G. 551 
 Ballynahiuch, a new song, 182 
 Balsamo, Joseph, 379*** 
 
 Banco to the Knave, 2 
 Bandelures, 48 
 
 Bank Notes — Paper Money, 165 
 Bank of England, 167 
 Banks, Sir Joseph, 410 
 Banks, Miss, 530 
 Bantry Bay, Expedition to, 159 
 Barbarities in the West Indies, 49 
 Barber’s Shop in Assize Time, 582 
 Barclay, Mr. 318 
 Barham, Mr. 161 
 Barre, Colonel, 8, 19, 23 
 Barrington, Sir John, 257 
 Barrington, Shute, Bp. of Durham, 
 448 
 
 Barrymores (The Three), 389 
 Bat-catching, 273 
 Bates, Joshua, 23 
 
 Bates, Gamekeeper of George III. 581 
 Bear (The) and his Leader, 317 
 “ Bed of Roses,” 316 
 
484 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Bedford, Duke of, 122, 136, 144, 
 147, 155, 173, 175, 184, 188, 199, 
 206, 209, 216, 229, 236, 257,258, 
 262, 291, 299, 310, 311, 313, 337, 
 344,351, 355, 366, 440, 503, 524 
 Beaufort, Duke of, 356 
 Begging no robbery, 158 
 Begone, dull Care, I prithee begone 
 from me ! 487 
 Belle Assemblee (La), 374 
 Belle Espagnolle (La), 419 
 Benfield, Mr. P. 401 
 Bengal (The) Levee, 89 
 Berkly, Mr. 235 
 Betty, Master, 532 
 Betty Canning Revived, 377 
 Betty (the shopwoman of Mrs. Hum- 
 phreys), 413 
 
 Bexley, Lord, 164 — See Vansittart 
 Billington, Mrs. 508, 516, 526 
 Billy the Gamekeeper, 581 
 Birmingham Toast, 58 
 Bishop (The) of A Tun’s Breeches, 75 
 “ Black Dick,” 128 
 Black Dick turned Tailor, 26 
 Blaquiere, Mr. 89 
 
 Blessings of Peace— Curses of War, 1 12 
 Blind Man’s Buff, 126 
 Blood on Thunder fording the Red 
 Sea, 30 
 
 Blood of the murdered crying for 
 vengeance, 97 
 
 Blowing-up the Pic-Nics, 516 
 Blue and Buff Charity, 1 06 
 Board of Agriculture, 214 
 Board of Controul, 22 
 Bombardian conferring upon State 
 Affairs with One in Office, 381 
 Bonnet Rouge (Le), 169 
 Bosville, Col. 291, 329 
 Bosville, Mr. 325, 327, 329, 330, 
 349, 350, 354, 357 
 Bottomless Pitt, 74 
 Bouquet of the last century, 511 
 Bow to the Throne, 43 
 Boydell, Alderman, 380, 382 
 Boydell the Painter, 443 
 Bravura Air, 508 
 Breathing a vein, 483 
 Bridal Night (The), 170 
 Bridport (Admiral), 208 
 Brigade Major, Weymouth, 1797,446 
 “ Brissot’s Principles of Justice,” 322 
 Britannia, 275, 387 
 Britannia between Death and the 
 Doctors, 301 
 
 Britannia between Scylla and Cha- 
 rybdis, 102 
 
 I British Butcher supplying John Bull 
 with a substitute for bread, 130 
 British Tars towing the Danish fleet 
 into harbour, 343 
 Britton, Mr. 375 
 
 Broad-bottomed Drones storming a 
 hive, 345 
 
 Broad-bottomed Hemispheres, 336 
 Broad Hint of not meaning to Dance, 
 528 
 
 Brothers, Richard, the Prophet, 116 
 Bruin in his boat, 320 
 Buckingham, Marquis of, 140, 298, 
 319, 327, 328, 332, 334, 335, 336, 
 337, 338, 339, 344, 350, 351, 355, 
 356, 357,366 
 
 Buckingham, Marchioness of, 345 
 Buckinghamshire, Lord, 423 
 Buckinghamshire, Lady, 65, 72, 403, 
 416, 423, 424, 425, 516, 517, 523 
 Buffer, Judge, 13, 378 
 Bulstrode (The ) Siren, 526 
 Bunbury, Sir Charles, 466 
 Buonaparte hearing of Nelson’s vic- 
 tory, 218 
 
 Buonaparte leaving Egypt, 254 
 Buonaparte Forty-eight hours after 
 landing, 292 
 
 Buonaparte, 248, 250, 262, 269, 274, 
 276, 280, 281, 282,284, 286, 287, 
 288,295, 300, 301, 305, 308, 314, 
 315, 316, 323, 324, 327, 340, 343 
 Burch, Captain, 434, 445 
 Burdett, Sir Francis, 196, 201, 206 
 209, 210, 218, 229, 257, 258, 261, 
 262, 263, 267, 290, 293, 299, 311, 
 313, 314, 325, 327, 329, 330, 331, 
 333, 336, 338, 339, 344, 349, 350, 
 351, 354, 355, 357, 533 
 Burgess, Dr. 418 
 Burgess of Warwick Lane, 418 
 Burke, Mr. 7, 8, 15, 16, 20, 28, 31, 
 32, 35, 36, 39, 41, 45, 52, 53, 70, 
 96, 99, 124, 127, 140, 144, 155, 
 157, 158 ; his death, 158, 206 
 Burrard, Sir Henry, 446. 
 
 Bury, Lady Charlotte, 400 
 
 Bute, Earl of, 21 
 
 Butler, Bishop, 5, 34 
 
 Byng, Mr. 1 43,1 87, 327, 332, 336, 350 
 
 Byron, Lord, 174, 244 
 
 Cabinetical Balance, 308 
 Cagliostro, the Impostor, 379*** 
 
 Calm (A), 577 
 Camden, Marquis, 44 
 Cambaceres, 250 
 
 Camelford, Lord, account of, 154, 
 201, 259 
 
INDEX, 
 
 485 
 
 Campbell, Lady Charlotte, 400 
 Caneingin Conduit Street, 154 
 Canning, Mr. 155, 160, 174, 258, 
 273, 298, 332, 335, 339, 340, 341, 
 343, 344, 351 , 354, 35o, 356 
 
 Style of his Oratory, 343 ; j 
 
 his character of Pitt, 305 
 Carlisle, Earl of, 6, 155, 290, 291, ! 
 
 298, 311, 337, 340, 344, 355, 523, ! 
 532,533 
 
 Caroline, Princess, of Brunswick, 115 ! 
 Castlereagh, Lord, 316, 327,332,336, j 
 339, 340, 341, 343, 351, 354, 355 ; ! 
 remarks on, 351 
 
 Catch the living Manners as they | 
 Rise, 399 
 
 Cathcart, Lord, 177, 460 
 Catherine of Russia, 256 
 Catholic Emancipation Bill, 335 
 Catholic Priest (A) , 368 
 Cavendish, Sir Henry, 6 
 Chancellor of the Inquisition mark- 
 ing the Incorrigible, 99 
 Characters in High Life, 404 
 Charlemont, Lord, 6 
 Charlotte, Queen, 18, 23, 24, 39, 43, , 
 57, 61, 66, 78, 79, 80, 86, 86*, ! 
 110, 115, 120, 123, 170 
 Charlotte, Princess, birth of, 142, 
 533 
 
 Charlotte Corday, 105 
 
 Charming well again, 484 
 
 Charon’s Boat, 339 
 
 Chartres, Colonel, 450 
 
 Chatterton, the Poet, 451 
 
 Chelsea Pensioner (A), 379 
 
 Chevy Chace, 216 
 
 Childe Harold, Stanza of, 349 
 
 China, Embassy to, 88 
 
 Cholmondelev, Lord, 257, 370, 468, ! 
 
 516-17, 523 
 Church Militant, 5 
 Cintra, Convention of, 349, 350 
 Citizens visiting the Bastille, 217 
 Clare, Lord, 182, 207, 509 
 Clarence, Duke of, 80, 121, 170, 176, 
 
 299, 314, 332,344,477,478, 479, 
 532 
 
 Clarke, Mrs. Mary Ann, 352, 354 
 Clavering, General, 352 
 Clearing a Five-bar Gate, 536 
 Clifford, Counsellor, 330, 331, 350, | 
 357, 575 
 
 Ciopton, Boothby, 469 
 Coalition Ministry, 17 
 Cobbett, Mr. 325, 327, 329, 330, 336, 
 338, 349, 354, 355, 357, 358, 365 | 
 Cobbett, William, Life of, 358 — 365 
 
 Cochon (Le) et ses Deux Petites St. 
 
 Cecilias, 392 
 Cochrane, Lord, 333 
 Cockney Sportsmen, 492 — 495 
 Cockney (A) and his Wife going to 
 Wycombe, 534 
 
 Cognoscenti (A) contemplating the 
 Beauties of the Antique, 498 
 Cole, Mrs. 450 
 Coleridge, Mr. 174 
 Combe, Mr. Harvey, 255, 318 
 Comfort to the Corns, 486 
 Comforts of a Bed of Roses, 316 
 Comforts of a Rumford Stove, 459 
 Coming in at the Death, 491 
 Commemoration at Oxford, 366 
 Committee (The), a new song, 10 
 Company shocked at a Lady getting- 
 up to ring the bell, 529 
 Concannon, Mrs. 423 
 Confederated Coalition, 290 
 Connoisseur examining a Cooper, 84 
 Connoisseurs examining a Collection 
 of George Morland, 551 
 Conolly, Mr. 6 
 
 Consequences of a successful French 
 Invasion, 178 — 181 
 Constitution, 250 
 
 Contemplations upon a Coronet, 430 
 Convention, 350 
 Conway, General, 8 
 Cooper, Sir Grey, 2, 381 
 Cooper, Mr. 331 
 Coote, Major-General, 202 
 Copenhagen, bombardment of, 343 
 Copenhagen House, 134 
 Comer near the Bank, 428 
 Cornwallis, Lord, 89 
 Cornwallis, Archbishop, 5 
 Corporeal Stamina, 468 
 Corsican Carcase-butcher’s Reckon- 
 ing-day, 284 
 Corsican Pest (The), 285 
 Cotton, Sir Charles, 350 
 Counsellor O. P. 575 
 Count Roupee, 401 
 Country Concert (A), 449 
 Coup de Maitre (Le), 203 
 Courtney, Mr. 193, 337, 344 
 Coventry, Lady, 416 
 Cow-Pock (The), or wonderful effects 
 of the new Inoculation, 519 
 Coxe’s Walpole, Extracts from, 303 
 Cranley, Lord, 502 
 Crowe, Rev. W. 366 
 Crown and Anchor, dinner at, 173 
 Crown (The) and Anchor Libel burnt 
 by the Common Hangman, 139 
 
486 
 
 INDEX, 
 
 Cumberland, Duke of, 352 
 Cunning-ham, Capt. 475 
 Cupid, 234 
 Curtis, Admiral, 128 
 Curtis, Sir W. 291 
 Cymon and Iphigenia, 422 
 
 Dacre, the Dowager Lady, 511 
 Dagger Scene, 96 
 Daily Advertiser (The), 152 
 Danish fleet taken, 343 
 Dash up St. James’s Street, 475 
 Dauphin (The) of France, 64 
 Davies, Gen. 445, 447 
 Davis, “ Goose,” 563 
 Davy, Sir Humphry, 520 
 Death of the Great Wolf, 140 
 Death of the Corsican Fox, 280 
 Death of Admiral Nelson in the mo- 
 ment of Victory, 306 
 Decent Story, 412 
 De Grasse, French Admiral, 3 
 D’Eon, Mademoiselle la Chevaliere, 
 375 
 
 Delacroix, M. 156 
 Delicious Dreams, 341 
 Delicious Weather, 553 
 Democracy ; or Sketch of the Life of 
 Buonaparte, 252 
 
 Democrat (A), or Reason and Philo- 
 sophy, 98 
 
 Democratic Levelling, 146 
 Denmark, Crown Prince of, 343 
 Dent, Mr. 145 
 Denys, Lady C. 520 
 Denys, Mr. 529 
 
 Derby, Earl of, 36, 39, 114, 118, 119, 
 141, 155, 162, 187, 206, 216, 229, 
 257, 261, 262, 290, 291, 299, 309, 
 311, 313, 314, 320, 337, 344, 429, 
 432, 523, 532 
 Derby, Countess of, 429 
 Derniere Ressouree (La), 384 
 Design for the Naval Pillar, 251 
 Despair, 267 
 
 Destruction of the French Colossus, 
 213 
 
 Destruction of the French Gun-boats, 
 282 
 
 Diable Boiteaux, 307 
 
 Diana returned from the Chase, 515 
 
 Dickinson, Mr. 265, 266 
 
 Dido Forsaken, 28 
 
 Dido in Despair, 497 
 
 Dilettanti Theatricals, 523 
 
 D’lsraeli, Mr. 520 
 
 Diplomatique (Un) Settling affairs at 
 St. Stephens’, 436 
 
 Disciples catching the Mantle, 351 
 Discipline a la Kenyon, 424 
 Dissolution, or the Alchymist, 150 
 Doctor Sangrado curing John Bull of 
 Repletion, 274 
 “ Dog Dent,” 145 
 Dog Tax (The), 145 
 Dreadful Hot Weather, 554 
 Dudly, Bate, 371,383, 400 
 Duel between Pitt and Tierney, 201 j 
 between Burdett and Pauli, 331 
 Duet (A), 396 
 Dumouriez, General, 51 
 Dumourier dining in State at St. 
 
 James’s, 101 
 Duncan, Admiral, 208 
 Dundas, Mr. 20, 22, 23, 28, 36, 
 39, 44, 68, 77, 79, 92, 96, 124, 
 125, 127, 132,135, !38, 140, 145, 
 149, 157, 158, 159, 160, 168, 172, 
 178, 184,198, 201, 202, 206,258, 
 290 — See Melville 
 Dundas, Mr. defends Sir John Jervis, 
 161 
 
 Dundas, head of, 155 
 Dundas, Sir David, 177, 350 
 Dunning, Mr. 2, 7 
 
 Eden, Hon. Catharine Isabella, 164 
 Effingham, Lady, 368 
 Effusions of a Pot of Porter, 249 
 Egyptian Sketches, 221 
 Eldon, Lord Chancellor, 96, 202,340, 
 344, 351, 356, 365 ; his letters 
 to Sir Wm. Scott, 335, 365 ; on the 
 Oxford Chancellorship, 356, 366 
 Election Troops bringing in their ac- 
 counts, 37 
 
 Election candidates, 333 
 Elegance Democratique, 504 
 Elements of Skateing, 540 — 543 
 “ Elijah’s Mantle,” 305, 310 
 Eliot, Mr. 164 
 
 Ellenborough, Lord, 308, 312, 314, 
 322, 323, 328, 332, 335, 336, 337, 
 340 
 
 Elliott, Mr. 333 
 
 End of the Irish Farce of Catholic 
 Emancipation, 299 
 End of the Irish Invasion, 159 
 Enfant ( L’ ) Trouve, 345 
 Enter Cowslip, 403 
 Equestrian Elegance, 462 
 Erskine, Lord, 118, 119, 122, 139, 
 155, 159, 160, 162, 168, 172, 191, 
 206, 209, 210, 216, 229, 255, 257, 
 262, 269, 290, 291, 293, 298, 299, 
 303, 305, 308, 310, 311, 312, 314, 
 
INDEX. 
 
 487 
 
 323, 332, 335, 336, 337. 339, 340, 
 344, 351, 355, 366, 533 
 Esplanade (The), 177 
 Evans, Mr. 451 
 
 Exaltation of Pharaoh’s Daughters, 
 425 
 
 Excrescence (An) — a Fungus, 59 
 Exhibition of a Democratic Trans- 
 parency, 229 
 
 Exit Liberte a la Francoise ! 248 
 Explanation (The), 201 
 Extirpation of the Plagues of Egypt, 
 207* 
 
 Fall of the Wolsey of the Woolsack, 
 82 
 
 Fall of Icarus, 334 
 Farmer Giles and his wife shewing 
 off their daughter Betty, 565 
 Farren, Miss, 429, 430, 432 
 Fashionable Mamma, 415 
 Fast asleep, 561 
 Fat Cattle, 503 
 
 Fatigues of the Campaign in Flanders, 
 100 
 
 Fighting for the Dunghill, 212 
 Fine bracing Weather, 557 
 Finishing Touch (the), 383 
 First Kiss these Ten Years, 271 
 Fitzgerald, Lord Edward, 207 
 Fitzherbert, Mrs. 28, 32, 33, 47, 48, 
 
 115, 299,314, 319, 375, 385, 523, 
 533 
 
 Fitzpatrick, Right Hon. Col. 6 
 Fitzpatrick, General, 291 
 Flannel Armour — Female Patriotism, 
 104 
 
 Flemish Characters, 397, 398 
 Flood, Mr. 6 
 Flower, Sir C. 350 
 Folkestone, Lord, 354, 357 
 Following the Fashion, 402 
 For improving the Breed, 408 
 Fortune Hunting, 531 
 Foster, Captain, 183 
 Fox, Charles, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 14, 
 15, 16, 17, 20, 27, 28, 31, 32, 35, 
 36, 39, 52, 53, 56, 57, 58, 65, 74, 
 76, 77,90,91,92,95,96,98, 100,* 
 101, 102, 106, 111,113, 114, 115, 
 
 116, 119, 122, 127, 132, 136, 137, 
 138, 139, 141, 142, 143,145,146, 
 147, 148, 152, 155, 157, 159, 160, 
 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 168, 172, 
 173, 175, 178, 184, 185, 198, 199, 
 200, 203, 206, 208, 209, 210, 215, 
 216, 229,231, 255, 257, 261, 263, 
 268, 269, 272, 274, 275, 290, 291 , 
 
 293, 298, 299, 300, 303, 305, 308, 
 309, 310, 311, 312, 314, 315, 316, 
 317,318, 319, 321,323, 335,336, 
 340, 351, 366,395, 423, 441, 532, 
 533 
 
 Fox, Mr. his speech at the Whig 
 Club, 198 ; at the Shakspeare Ta- 
 vern, 255 ; his visit to France, 
 269 ; his domestic habits, 199 
 Fox (Head of), 327 
 Fox (Monument of), 326 
 Fox, Mrs. 316, 319 
 Fox, General, 114 
 “ Fox’s Martyrs,” 17 
 France, burlesqued, 4, 126 
 Francis, Sir Philip, 35, 38, 43, 49 
 Franco, Mr. 467 
 
 French Consular Triumvirate, settling 
 the new Constitution, 250 
 French Commercial Treaty, 20 
 French Democrats surprising the 
 Royal Runaway, 64 
 French Generals retiring on account 
 of their health, 245 
 French Habits, 185 — 196 
 French Hailstorm, 109 
 French Invasion, 278 
 French Invasion, Consequences of, 
 178-181 
 
 French Liberty - British Slavery, 94 
 French mounted Riflemen, 227 
 French Tailor fitting John Bull with 
 a Jean de Bry, 456 
 French Telegraph making signals in 
 the dark, 111 
 
 French Volunteers marching to the 
 Conquest of Great Britain, 277 
 Friend of Humanity and Knife 
 Grinder, 174 
 
 Friend (The) of the People and his 
 petty new Tax Gatherer, paying 
 John Bull a visit, 321 
 Frying Sprats, .66 
 
 Funeral Procession of Miss Regency, 
 47 
 
 Funeral (The) Procession of Broad- 
 Bottom, 328 
 
 Galloway, Lord, 461, 564. 
 
 Gainbier, Admiral, 343 
 Gardiner (Admiral), 208 
 Garnet, Dr. 520 
 Garrick, David, 516 
 Genera of Patriotism, 147. 
 
 Genius of France triumphant, 112 
 Genius (The) of France nursing* his 
 darling, 287 
 Genlis, Madame, 207 
 
488 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Gentle Emetic, 482 
 Gentle manners, with affections mild, 
 in wit a man, simplicity a child, 
 465 
 
 Gentleman of the Court of Louis 
 XYI. ; Gentleman of the Court of 
 Egalite, 1799, 455 
 
 George III. 3, 7, 14, 18, 23, 24, 29, 
 35, 36, 39, 43, 57, 61, 67, 74, 78, 
 79, 80, 82, 84, 86, 110, 115, 120, 
 123, 132, 141, 170, 177,280, 286, 
 288, 300, 302, 314, 331, 335,337, 
 346, 350, 351, 355, 368 
 George III., Extract from autograph 
 letter of, 277, 351 
 George III. and Fox, 198 
 George, Chevalier de Saint, 375 
 Georgey in the Coal-hole, 463 
 Georgey a Cock-horse, 426 
 German Dancing-master, 369 
 German Luxury, 444 
 German Nonchalance, 270 
 Germans eating Sourkrout, 518 
 Giant Factotum amusing himself, 160 
 Gibbs, Mrs. the notorious street- 
 walker and extorter, 485 
 Gillray and George III. 84 
 Gillray’s last work, 582 
 Ginetti, Mr. 89 
 Gloria Mundi, 11 
 
 Glorious reception of the Ambassador 
 of Peace, on his entry into Paris, 156 
 Gloucester, Duke of, 34, 170 
 Gloucester, Duchess of. 34 
 Gloucester, Prince William of, 34, 
 170, 407 
 
 God save the King*, in a bumper, 125 
 Good Shot, 83 
 
 “ Golgotha, or the Place of Skulls,” 
 356 
 
 “ Goose Davis,” 563 
 Gordon (Duchess of) and Daughters, 
 440 
 
 Gordon, Lord George, 25 
 Gordon Knot (The), 440 
 Gout (The ), 454 
 Governor Wall’s Ghost, 521 
 Grace before Meat, 368 
 Grace, Fashion, and Manners, 573 
 Graces in a high wind, 578 
 Grafton, Duke of, 8, 36, 44, 118, 119, 
 122, 127,132, 155, 185, 356 
 Grand Coronation Procession of Na- 
 poleon the First, Emperor of 
 France, 294 
 
 Grattan, Mr. 6, 299, 357, 438 
 Great Britain, Conquest of, 277, 278 
 Great Man (A) on the Turf, 524 
 
 Great South Sea Caterpillar trans- 
 formed into a Bath Butterfly, 
 410 
 
 Great Stream from a petty Fountain, 
 313 
 
 Grenville, Lord, 44, 82, 83, 129, 132, 
 135, 155, 157, 158, 159, 168, 258, 
 298, 299, 307, 308, 310, 311, 312, 
 313,314,317, 318, 319,322, 323, 
 327, 332, 333, 335, 336, 337, 338, 
 339, 340, 343, 344, 345, 349, 351, 
 
 355, 356, 366, 533 ; sketch of his 
 life, 83, 366 
 
 Grenville, Lord, body of, in a hearse, 
 328 
 
 Grenville, Right Hon. Thomas, 345 
 Grenville, Col. 516 
 Grey, Lord, 122, 148, 168, 172,201, 
 290, 291, 293, 298, 303, 305, 308, 
 310, 311, 313, 314, 340, 351, 355, 
 
 356, 366, 533 ; sketch of his career, 
 351 — See Howick 
 
 Grey, Sir Charles, 161 
 Grey, Mr. 161 
 Grote, Mr. 164 
 Guadaloupe surrenders, 161 
 Guardian Angel, 533 
 Guillotin, Joseph Ignace, 175 
 Gunning, General, 376, 377 
 Gunning, Mrs. 376, 377 
 Gunning, Miss, 376, 377 
 Gunning, General, (Groom of) 377 
 Guy Yaux, 7 
 Guy Yaux discovered, 53 
 
 Habits of new French Legislators, 
 185—196 
 
 Hackney Meeting (A), 143 
 Half Natural, 471 
 
 Halhed, Mr. defends Brothers the 
 Prophet, 116 
 Hall, J. 106, 150 
 Halliday, Lady Jane, 578 
 Hamilton, Duke of, 216, 462 
 Hamilton, Lieut. -Gen. Sir Robert, 
 381 
 
 Hamilton, Sir William, 498 
 Hamilton, Lady, 497, 498 
 Handwriting (The) upon the Wall, 
 281 
 
 Hanger, Colonel, 32, 162, 257, 262, 
 323, 423, 426, 437, 463, 523 
 Hanging — Drowning, 138 
 Hanover seized by Prussia, 315 
 il Hansard’s Debates.” Extract from, 
 316 
 
 Harmony before Matrimony, 538 
 Harmony, the Delights of, 579 
 
INDEX. 
 
 489 
 
 Harpies defiling the Feast, 233 
 Harwood, Sir Beusie, 580 
 Haslang, Baron de, 436 
 Hastings, Warren, 30, 31, 35, 36, 
 39, 43 
 
 Hatfield, the Swindler, 522 
 Hawkesbury, Lord, 260, 261, 262, 
 265, 266, 268, 272, 273, 274, 275, 
 276, 290, 299, 336, 339, 341, 344 
 Her Royal Highness the Duchess of 
 York, 71 
 
 Hercules Reposing, 231 
 Hero of the Nile, 211 
 Heroes recruiting at Kelsey’s, 434 
 Heroic Charlotte la Corde upon her 
 trial, 105 
 
 High Change in Old Bond Street, 417 
 High Flying Candidate (The), 326 
 High German method of destroying 
 Yermin at Ratstadt, 242 
 Hint to Modern Sculptors, as an Or- 
 nament to a future Square, 435 
 Hint to Young Officers, 527 
 Hippesley, Sir J. 520 
 Hobart, Lord, 260 
 
 Hobart, Hon. Mrs. 374, 384— See 
 Buckinghamshire 
 Holland, Lord and Lady, 269 
 Holland, Lord, 126, 299, 319, 327 
 Homer singing his verses to the 
 Greeks, 441 
 
 Honi soit qui mal y pense, 19 
 Hood, Lord, 37 
 
 Hood, Sir Samuel, 326, 327, 329 
 Hope, 266 
 
 Hopes of the Party, 57 
 Hoppner, the Painter, 133 
 Horne, Mr. — See Tooke 
 Horrors of the Irish Union, 215 
 Hounds finding, 488 
 Hounds in full cry, 489 
 Hounds throwing off, 490 
 How to Ride with eleg-ance through 
 the streets, 379* 
 
 Howard, Lady Elizabeth, 394 
 Howe, Lord, 26, 109, 128, 208, 290 
 Howick, Lord, 319, 323, 328, 333, 
 335, 336, 337, 339, 343, 349, 351 
 — See Grey. 
 
 Humphrey, Mrs. 413 
 Huntingtower, Daughters of Lord, 573 
 Hurd, George III.’s letter to, on 
 Bonaparte’s projected invasion, 277 
 Hustings (The), 151 
 Hiittner, Mr. 88 
 
 Icarus, fall of, 334 
 Illustrious Character (An), 478 
 
 Impeachment (The), or Father of the 
 Gang turned King’s Evidence, 52 
 Impeachment of Lord Melville, 303 
 Improvement in Weights and Mea- 
 sures, 214 
 Independence, 243 
 Inexpressible air of Dignity, 237 
 Infanterie Franqaise en Egypt, 223 
 Installation of Lord Grenville, 366 
 Insurrection de l’lnstitut Amphibe, 
 222 
 
 Integrity retiring from Office, 258 
 Introduction of Citizen Yolpone and 
 his suite at Paris, 269 
 Introduction of the Pope to the Con- 
 vocation at Oxford, 356 
 Invisibles (Les), 568 
 Ireland, Samuel, 451 
 Irish Fortune Hunters, 1 
 Irish Gratitude, 6 
 Irish Volunteers, 6 
 
 Jack a both sides, 14 
 
 Jansen, the Dancing Master, 369 
 
 Jeffrey, Mr. 413 
 
 Jeffries, Hon. Miss, 374 
 
 Jeffs, Miss, 23 
 
 Jekyll, Mr. 202, 233, 258 
 
 Jekyl, Col. 445 
 
 Jenkinson, Mr. 44, 155 — See Liver - 
 pool , Lord 
 Jenner, Dr. 519 
 Jersey, Lady, 523 
 
 Jervis, Sir John, 161 — See St. Vincent 
 Johnes, Rev. Samuel, 24 
 John Bull, 126, 130, 149, 157, 158, 
 165,212, 264, 283, 307 
 John Bull baited by the Dogs of Ex- 
 cise, 44 
 
 John Bull bothered, 93 
 John Bull ground down, 124 
 John Bull and his dog Faithful, 148 
 John Bull evading the Hat Tax, 169 
 John Bull and the Alarmist, 283 
 John Bull and the Sinking Fund, 332 
 John Bull offering little Boney fair 
 Play, 227 
 
 John Bull taking a Luncheon, 208 
 John Bull’s Progress, 103 
 Johnston, General, 394 
 Johnston, Lady Cecilia, 374, 390, 
 392, 394 
 Jones, Gale, 134 
 
 Jones, Tyrwhitt, 243, 257, 258, 267, 
 291 
 
 I Jones, Mrs. of Swansea, 566 
 j Jordan, Mrs. 80, 121, 176, 314, 632 
 Josephine, the Empress, 281, 324 
 
490 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Jubilee (The), 8 
 Judge Thumb, 13 
 
 Keen-sighted Politician warming his 
 Imagination, 129 
 Kemble, Mr. 451, 516, 567 
 Kenyon, Lord, 127, 424 
 Keppel, Admiral, 2, 3, 7 
 Kick at the Broad Bottoms, 335 
 Kien Long, the Emperor, 88 
 King (the) of Brobdingnag and Gul- 
 liver, 286, 288 
 Kinnaird, Lord, 303 
 Kirkcudbright, Lord, 257, 502, 512, 
 523 
 
 Knave (the) wins all, 65 
 Knight, Mr. Payne, 451 
 
 Lady Godiva, 416 
 Lady putting on her cap, 409 
 Lafayette, Gen. 269 
 Landing of Sir John Bull and his 
 Family at Boulogne-sur-Mer, 46 
 Lansdowne, Marquis of, 19, 21, 23, 
 36, 39, 77, 116, 118, 119, 122, 
 127, 132, 140, 141, 155, 186, 199, 
 202, 209, 257, 291 
 [Large Boots], 467 
 Lauderdale, Lord, 114, 118, 119, 
 132, 147, 155, 162, 187, 199, 290, 
 314, 322, 323, 328, 332, 335, 336, 
 337, 339, 340, 344, 349, 351, 354 
 Lavater’s Physiognomy of Fox, 199 
 Lawrence, Dr. 159, 290 
 Law Chick (The), 253 
 Leaving otf Powder, 117 
 Le Brun, 250 
 
 Le Marchant, Sir Denis, 375 
 Leinster, Duke of, 207 
 Lewis, Mr. 516 
 
 Lieutenant-Governor Gallstone in- 
 spired by Alecto, 50 
 Life of William Cobbett, written by 
 himself, 358 — 365 
 Light expelling darkness, 119 
 Lilliputian Substitutes equipping for 
 Public Service, 260 
 Lincoln, Bishop of, 339 
 Lion’s Share (The), 161 
 Little Music (A), 579 
 Liverpool, Lord, 314, 332, 340, 343, 
 351 355 
 
 Llandaff, Lord, 379, 525 
 Lonsdale, Lord, 69 
 London Corresponding Society alarm- 
 ed, 197 
 
 London, Bishop of, 366 
 Long, Sir C. 140 
 
 Lord of the Vineyard, 12 
 Lord Longbow, the alarmist, dis- 
 covering the miseries of Ireland, 
 182 
 
 Loss of the Faro Bank, 423 
 Lothian, Marquis of, 47 
 Loughborough, Lord, 23, 47, 92, 
 127, 132, 135, 140, 258 
 Louis XVI. of France, 29, 64, 79 
 Lover’s Dream, 115 
 Loyal Address, 349 
 Loyal Souls, 445 
 Loyal Toast (The), 173 
 Lyon, Mrs. 507 
 Lyoness (A), 507 
 
 Macartney, Lord, 88 
 Macdonald, Solicitor- General, 20, 23 
 Mack, General, 304 
 Macklin, Mr. 443 
 
 Mackintosh, Sir J. his character of 
 Pitt, 305 ; of Canning, 343 
 Maden, Sir Fred. 451 
 Maecenas in pursuit of the Fine Arts, 
 560 
 
 Magnanimous Ally (The), 256 
 Magnanimous Minister (The), chas 
 tising Russian perfidy, 315 
 Mahon, Colonel, 195, 289 
 Mainwaring, Mr. 143 
 Making Decent, 310 
 “ Malagrida,” Lord, 202 
 Malagrida driving Post, 77 
 Malcolm, Rev. J. P. on Dress, 385 
 j Malmesbury, Lord, 156; Extracts 
 from his Diary, 351 ; his Embassy 
 to Paris, 156 
 
 Mamaluck et Hussard Republican, 
 226 
 
 Mamaluke Chief, supposed repre- 
 sentation of, 228 
 Man of Importance, 239 
 Maniac Ravings, 279 
 Manners, General, 465 
 Manners, Lady Gertrude, 404 
 Manners, Lady Louisa, 578 
 Mansfield, Lord, 308 
 Mara, Madame, 23 
 March to the Bank, 25 
 Margaret’s Ghost, 376 
 Marie Antoinette, 64 
 Market Day, 36 
 Markham, Archbishop, 5 
 Marlborough, Duke of, 237, 377 
 Marriage of Cupid and Psyche, 432 
 Mars, 232 
 Martin, Mr. 267 
 Martinique captured, 161 
 
INDEX 
 
 491 
 
 Mary of Buttermere, 522 
 Maseres, Baron, 329 
 Mason, the Poet, 451 
 Matins at D — wn — ng College, Cam- 
 bridge, 580 
 
 Matrimonial Harmonics, 539 
 Matthews, Admiral, 379* 
 
 Matthews, Col. S. 57 
 Matthews, Hon. George, 525 
 Matthews, Hon. Montague, 499, 525 
 Mawbey, Sir J. 23, 38 
 Meeting of the Monied Interest, 216 
 Meeting of Unfortunate Citoyens, 
 197 
 
 Mellish, Mr. 327 
 
 Melville, Lord, account of, 303, 320 
 — See Dundas 
 Mental Energy, 509. 
 
 Metallic Tractors, 506 
 Midas transmuting all into Paper, 
 168 
 
 Middlesex Election, 1804, 291. 
 Military Caricaturist, 447 
 Military Sketch of a Gilt Stick, 460 
 MiUer, Mr. 89 
 
 Minifie, Mrs. Margaret, 376, 377 
 Mitchell, Mr. 551 
 Mitford, Sir John, 259 
 Modern Belle going to the Rooms at 
 Bath, 414 
 
 Modern Elegance, 400 
 Modern Grace, 431 
 Moira, Lord, 47, 182, 184, 195, 216, 
 229, 239, 257, 294, 299, 302, 308, 
 309, 310, 311, 314, 319, 323, 328, 
 332, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 
 344, 351, 355, 527 
 Monkey race in Danger, 241 
 Monsey, Dr. Messenger, 379 
 Moore, Peter, 329 
 Monstrosities of 1799, 452 
 Monstrous Craws at a New Coalition 
 Feast, 24 
 
 Montagu, Rt. Hon. Fred. 39 
 Monuments lately discovered on 
 Salisbury Plain, 373 
 More Pigs than Teats, 311 
 “ Morlands,” Exhibition of, 551 
 Morning after Marriage, 33 
 Morning Promenade upon the Cliff, 
 Brighton, 544 
 Morning Ride, 289 
 Morris, Captain, 441, 505 
 Mother Goose of Oxford, 552 
 Mount- Edgcumbe, Lady, 374, 388, 
 424 
 
 Mulgrave, Lord, 341 
 
 My Poll and my Partner Joe, 420 
 
 Napier, Hon. George, 466 
 Napier, Sir Chas. 466 
 Napier, Sir Wm. 466 
 Napoleon, Emperor, 308, 336, 353, 
 356 ; Coronation of, 294 — See 
 Buonaparte 
 Nassalen, Count, 433 
 National Assembly petrified, 55 
 National Parachute, 264 
 Natural Crop, 371 
 Nauticus, 477 
 Necker, 214 
 
 Neither War nor Peace, 16 
 Nelson, Lord, 154,207*, 208,211, 498 
 Nelson’s Victory, 209 
 Nelson, armorial ensigns of, 211 
 New Dynasty (The), 338 
 New Pantheon of Democratic My- 
 thology, 230 
 
 New Speaker (The) between the 
 Hawks and Buzzards, 253 
 New Way to pay the National Debt, 
 
 18 
 
 News from Calabria, 324 
 Nicholas, Mr. 173 
 
 Nicholls, Mr. 184, 194, 199, 206, 
 216, 229, 234, 257,258, 261,262, 
 264 
 
 Nicol, Mrs. 380 
 
 Nightly Visitors at St. Anne’s Hill, 207 
 Noble Lord (A) on an approaching 
 Peace, 21 
 
 Norfolk, Duke of, 36, 39, 114, 118, 
 119, 122, 127, 143, 155, 173, 184, 
 185, 198, 199, 206, 209, 216,229, 
 257, 258, 261,262, 290, 291, 299, 
 332, 342, 344, 355, 371, 391, 394 
 Norfolk, Duke of, at the Hackney 
 Meeting, 143 
 North, Sir Dudley, 174 
 North, Lord, 2, 12 , 15, 16, 20, 28, 
 31, 32, 35 
 
 North, Mr. Brownlow, 528 
 Northumberland, Duke of, 217, 329, 
 567 
 
 Notorious Characters, No. I, 451 
 Nugent, Lord, 345 
 Nuptial Bower, 164 
 Nursery (The), 268 
 
 O’Connor, Arthur, 207, 269, 314 
 Ogilvie, Mr. 207 
 
 Oh ! listen to the voice of Love, 458 
 Oh ! that this too solid flesh would 
 melt, 421 
 
 | Old Encore at the Opera, 564 
 Old English Gentleman pestered by 
 servants wanting places, 355 
 
492 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Old Maid on a Journey, 530 
 Onslow, Earl, 132 
 Onslow, Tommy, 502 
 Operatical Reform, 448 
 Opening of the Budget, 157 
 Opposition Telegraphs, 202 
 Orange, William, Prince of, 29, 247, 
 433 
 
 Orde, Sir J. 154 
 Orleans, Duke of, 18, 207 
 Ornaments of Chelsea Hospital, 379 
 Ostend, Expedition to, 202 
 Overthrow of the Republican Babel, 
 354 
 
 Oxford University, election of Chan- 
 cellor in, 356, 366 
 
 Pacific entrance of Earl Wolf into 
 Blackhaven, 69 
 Pacific Overtures, 314 
 Pactia de Rhodes, 227 
 Paddy on Horseback, 1 
 Paille D’Avoine, 372 
 Paine, Tom, 54, 91 
 Pair of Polished Gentlemen, 499 
 Pandora opening her Box, 352 
 PantagueTs victorious return to the 
 Court of Gargantua, 110 
 Parasols for 1795, 405 
 Paris Beau (A), 108 
 Paris Belle (A), 107 
 Parisot, Mademoiselle, 448 
 Parr, Dr. 249, 257 
 Patent Bolsters, 385 
 Patriotic Regeneration, 118 
 Patriots deciding a point of honour, 
 331 
 
 Patriotic Petitions on the Peace Con- 
 vention, 350 
 
 Patriots amusing themselves, 74 
 Pattern Staff, 474 
 Patteson, Rev. E. 451 
 Paul, Emperor, 256 
 Pauli, Mr. 325, 326, 327, 329, 330, 
 331, 333, 336, 350 
 Peep at Christie’s, 429 
 Peep into the Shakespeare Gallery, 
 382 
 
 Pen-etration, 470 
 Penn, John, Esq. 470 
 Percival, Mr. 214, 340, 341, 351, 
 352, 354, 355 
 Perkins, Dr. 506 
 Perring, Rev. Mr. 382 
 Perry, Mr. E. S. 6, 365 
 Peter Pindar’s Epistle to Lord Lons- 
 dale, 69 ; quotations from, 23, 31, 
 120, 378 
 
 Peter III. of Russia, 256 
 Petit Souper a la Parisienne, 87 
 Petre, Lord and Lady, 368 
 Petty, Lord Henry, 299, 305, 310 e 
 311, 312, 313, 314, 317, 318, 319, 
 321, 323,335, 336, 337, 339, 340, 
 344, 349, 350, 355, 366 — See 
 Lansdowne 
 
 Petty Professor of Modern History, 5 74 
 Phaeton Alarmed, 340 
 Phantasmagoria, 272 
 Phoenix Park offered to Grattan, 6 
 Physical Aid, or Britannia recovered 
 from a Trance, 275 
 Pic-nic Society, 516 
 Pic-nic Orchestra, 517 
 Pig in a Poke, 38 
 Pigs possessed, (The) 337 
 Pig’s Meat, 206 
 Pillars of the Constitution, 342 
 Pinch of Cephalic, 510 
 Pitt, Mr. 18, 20 , 22, 23, 27, 28, 36, 
 37, 39, 43, 44, 51, 57, 58, 68, 72, 
 76, 77, 82, 86*, 92, 93, 96, 100*, 
 102, 110, 118, 119, 121, 125, 126, 
 127, 130, 131, 132, 135, 137, 138, 
 139, 140, 141, 145, 146, 148, 149, 
 150, 151, 155, 157, 158, 159, 160, 
 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 172, 
 175, 178, 184, 198, 201, 206,214, 
 249, 258, 262, 264, 290, 293, 295, 
 298, 299, 300, 302, 305, 307, 314, 
 316, 340, 35], 366 
 Pitt, Mr. his affection for his nieces, 
 146 ; proposal of marriage to, 164 ; 
 character of, 305 ; and Sheridan, 293 
 Pity the Sorrows of a Poor Old Man, 
 144 
 
 Pizarro contemplating the Product of 
 his new Peruvian Mine, 244 
 Plaisirs du Menage, 367 
 Plumper for Pauli, 330 
 Plum-pudding in danger, 295 
 Political Amusements for young Gen- 
 tlemen, 259 
 
 Political Banditti assailing the Sa- 
 viour of India, 31 
 Political Candour, 305 
 Political Dreamings, 262 
 Political Mathematician shaking the 
 broad-bottomed Hemispheres, 336 
 Political Ravishment, 167 
 Polonius, 123 
 Pope (The), 328 
 Popham, Sir Home, 202 
 Porson, Professor, 451 
 Portland, Duke of, 6, 12, 14, 351, 
 335, 341, 355, 526 
 
INDEX. 
 
 493 
 
 Portrait of an Irish Chief, 438 
 Posting- in Ireland, 535 
 Posting- in Scotland, 537 
 Posting- to the Election, 327 
 Power of Beauty, 390 
 Praetor Urbanus, 224 
 Preliminaries of Peace, 261 
 Preparing for the Grand Attack, 263 
 Presages of the Millenium, 127 
 Presentation ( The) , or the Wise Men’s 
 Offering, 142 
 Price, Dr. 45, 58 
 
 Priestley, Dr. 57, 58, 74, 91, 101, 
 102, 106 
 
 Prince William of Orange, 433 
 Prince of the Old School, 469 
 Princess Royal, 170, 171 
 Princesses (The), 78, 288, 302 
 Progress of the Toilet, 570—572 
 Promenade in Famille (La), 176 
 Protection of the King’s Person, Bill 
 for, 143 
 
 Provis, Miss, 443 
 
 Proof (A) of the refined feelings of an 
 amiable Character, 153 
 Promised hon-ors of the French In- 
 vasion, 155 
 
 Prophets of the Hebrews, 116 
 Prussia, King of, 315 
 Pulteney, Sir William, 195, 216 
 Punch cures the Gout, the Cholic, 
 and the Tisick, 453 
 Push-pin, 439 
 Pylades and Orestes, 433 
 
 Quassia, triumph of, 318 
 Queen Charlotte, 288, 302, 368 — See 
 Charlotte 
 
 Queensberry, Duke of, 47, 257, 439, 
 523 
 
 Questions and Commands, 34 
 
 Rake’s Progress at the University, 
 545—549 
 Raw Weather, 556 
 Real Cause of the present High Price 
 of Provisions, 122 
 Reception in Holland, 247 
 Reception of the Diplomatique and 
 his suite at the Court of Pekin, 
 88 
 
 Reconciliation (The), 302 
 Reeves, John, 139,365 
 Regency Bill, 47 
 Reid, Major, 446 
 Republican Attack (The), 132 
 Republican Hercules defending his 
 Country, 163 
 
 Republican Rattlesnake fascinating 
 the Bedford Squirrel, 136 
 Retribution — Tarring and Feather- 
 ing, 137 
 
 Reynolds, Sir J. 380, 392, 443 
 Regardez Moi, 370 
 Richmond, Duke of, 2, 7, 19, 23, 44, 
 140; his Head, 155 
 Riflemen, French, 227 
 Rights of Man, 54 
 Robinson, Mrs. 372, 378 
 Robson, Mr. 267 
 Rockingham, Marquis of, 2, 6 
 Roche, Sir Boyle, 6 
 Rodney introducing de Grasse, 3 
 Rodney, Admiral, 3, 4 
 Rolle, Mr. 28 
 
 Rolliad, Extract from the, 38 
 Rose, Sir George, 37, 44 
 Rosiere, M., 448 
 Ross, Colonel, 89 
 Royal Bull-fight (The), 141 
 Royal Lounger, 479 
 Rumford, Count, 459, 520 
 Russia, 126 
 
 Russia, Catherine of, 29, 51, 76 
 Rutland, Duchess of, 404 
 
 Sad Sloppy Weather, 555 
 Salute (The), 442 
 
 Salisbury, Lord, 123, 170, 288, 372, 
 523 
 
 Salisbury, Lady, 372, 515, 516, 517, 
 523 
 
 Sampson overcome by a Philistian, 
 379** 
 
 Sandwich Carrots ! Dainty Sand- 
 wich Carrots, 427 
 Sandwich, Lord, 3, 36, 427 
 Sans Culottes feeding Europe with 
 the bread of liberty, 95 
 Schwallenberg, Madame, 23, 386 
 Scientific Researches ! New Discove- 
 ries in Pneumaticks, 520 
 Scotch Harry’s News, 79 
 Scotch Pony, commonly called a Gal- 
 loway, 461 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter, quotations from, 
 174, 198 
 
 Scott, Sir William, 202, 356, 365, 
 366 
 
 Search Night, or State Watchmen, 
 184 
 
 Sensibility’s Tear, 441 
 Shakespeare sacrificed, 380 
 Shakspeare Autographs, 451 
 Shakspeare Gallery, 380 
 Shadow of a Duke, 406 
 
494 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Shelburne. Lord, 7, 11, 14, 100* 
 Sheridan, Mr. 20, 35, 36, 48, 52, 53, 
 56, 57, 58, 74, 77, 92, 95, 96, 101, 
 102, 106, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 
 119, 122, 127, 132, 137, 139, 141, 
 142, 145, 146, 147, 148, 155, 159, 
 160, 162, 165, 168, 172, 173, 175, 
 178, 184, 208, 209, 210, 229,244, 
 253,257, 258, 261, 262, 263, 273, 
 275, 283, 291, 293, 298, 299, 305, 
 308, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 319, 
 323, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 332, 
 333, 335, 336, 337, 339, 340, 341, 
 344, 349, 350, 351, 423, 441, 516, 
 532, 533 
 
 Sheridan’s attack on Pitt, 293 ; his 
 speech in Westminster Hall, 244 ; 
 conversation with Ireland, 451 
 Sheridan, Mrs. 392 
 Sheridan, Tom, 527 
 Shippen, Mr. 303 
 Shrine at St. Anne’s Hill, 199 
 Shuckborough, Sir John, 192, 210, 
 216, 233 
 
 Siddons, Mrs. 516, 567 
 Sidmouth, 198, 299, 302, 307, 308, 
 310, 311, 313, 314, 317, 319,320, 
 322, 323, 328, 332, 335, 336, 337, 
 339, 349, 351, 355, 366 
 Siege de la Colonne de Pompee, 220 
 Sieyes, M. 250 
 
 Sin, Death, and the Devil, 86* 
 Sinclair, Sir John, 214, 216, 229, 
 255 
 
 Skateing, Elements of, 540 — 543 
 Skeffington, Sir Lumley, 257, 471, 
 472, 499, 523 
 
 Sketch of the interior of St. Stephen’s 
 as it now stands, 265 
 Sketch of a Monument of Disap- 
 pointed Justice, 322 
 Slice of Gloster Cheese (A), 407 
 Sleep Walker (The), 13 
 Slough of Despond, 90 
 Smelling out a Rat, 45 
 Smithson, Sir Hugh, 216 
 Smyth, Professor, 574 
 Sneyd, Dr. 416 
 
 “ So Skiffy Skipton, with his wonted 
 grace,” 472 
 Soldier’s Return, 60 
 Sound of the Horn, 550 
 Southey the Poet, 174 
 Southey, Rev. Cuthbert, 174 
 Sovereignty of the People, 198 
 Spanish Patriots attacking the French 
 banditti, 348 
 Spanish Bull Fight, 346 
 
 Speaker (The), 311 
 Spencer, Earl, 337, 344 
 Spencer and a Threadpaper, 393 
 Sphere (A) Projecting against a Plane, 
 72 
 
 Spooner, Mr. 523 
 Spouting, 395 
 Squall (A), 576 
 St. Anne’s Hill, 199 
 St. Cecilia, 392 
 St. George, Chevalier de, 375 
 St. George and the Dragon, 4 
 St. George’s Volunteers charging 
 down Bond Street, 183 
 St. Lucia taken, 161 
 St. Vincent, Earl of, 154, 166, 208, 
 291, 302, 328, 337, 339, 340, 343, 
 344, 350, 351, 355 
 Stael, Madame de, 164 
 Stafford, Marquis of, 290, 366, 560 
 Staggering Bobs, a Tale for Scotch- 
 men, 437 
 
 Stahremberg, Count, 270 
 Standing Dish at Boodle’s, 464 
 Standish, Sir Frank, 464 
 Stanhope, Earl, 56, 106, 113, 114, 
 116, 118, 119, 122, 127, 132, 1 
 146, 155, 162, 165, 187, 216, 25. 
 290, 299, 309, 320, 322, 533 
 Stanhope, Earl, Marriage of j. 
 
 Daughter, 146 
 Stanhope, Lady Hester, 164 
 Staunton, Sir George, 88 
 State of the War, 241 
 State Jugglers, 39 
 State Waggoner and John Bull, 298 
 Statistical History of Scotland, 214 
 Steevens, George, 380 
 Storm Rising ; the Republican flotilla 
 in Danger, 175 
 Sturt, Mr. 139, 235, 257 
 Substitutes for Bread, 135 
 Sultan (The), 29 
 Supplementary Militia, 133 
 Surrender of Ulm (The), 304 
 Sussex, Duke of, 449 
 Suwarrow-Romniskoy, Field Mar- 
 shal, Count, 240, 256 
 Swan-Sea Venus, 566 
 “Swinish Multitude,” 110, 206 
 Sydney, Lord, 22, 36, 39, 44 
 Symptoms of deep thinking, 466 
 
 Tables Turned (The), 166 
 Taking Physic, 481 
 Tales of Wonder, 514 
 Talleyrand, Prince, 75, 282, 284, 
 308, 314, 323, 324, 338 
 
INDEX, 
 
 495 
 
 Taming of the Shrew, 5 1 
 Tarleton, Col. 216, 261 
 Taylor, Michael Angelo, 96, 106, 
 114, 119, 165, 159, 160, 162, 168, 
 172, 187, 206, 210, 215, 216, 229, 
 253, 261,262, 290 
 Taylor, Mr. marries Lord Stanhope’s 
 Daughter, 146 
 
 Taylor, Mr. W. Stanhope, 146 
 Teignmouth, Lord, 89 
 Temperance enjoying a frugal meal, 86 
 Temple, Lord, 259, 290, 308, 811, 
 314, 319, 323, 327, 332, 333, 334, 
 335, 336, 337, 339, 340, 344, 345, 
 350, 354, 355, 356, 357, 366 
 Tentanda via est qua me quoque 
 possiin tollere humo, 366 
 Thanet, Lord, 299 
 Theatrical Mendicants relieved, 567 
 Theatrical Bubble, 532 
 Thelwall, Mr. 134, 155, 159, 162, 365 
 Theologie a la Turque, 225 
 There’s more ways than one, 27 
 Thirty Years have I lived in this 
 Parish of Covent Garden, &c. 450 
 Tholdal, Mr. 520 
 Thornhill, Mr. 38 
 
 Thorndon Hall, entertainment at, 368 
 Thornton, Colonel, 406 
 thoughts on the English Govern- 
 ment, 139 
 
 hree (The) Mr. Wiggins’s, 535 
 fhunderer (The), 378 
 Thurlow, Lord Chancellor, 2, 23, 27, 
 30, 35, 36, 39, 42, 43, 44, 68, 82, 
 86 * 
 
 Thicknesse, Philip, 60 
 Tichfield, Marquis of, 341 
 Tierney, Mr. 174, 175, 184, 190, 199, 
 201, 206,210, 215, 216, 229, 233, 
 255, 257, 258, 259, 261, 262,265, 
 273, 291, 293, 305, 310, 311, 313, 
 314, 336, 337, 340, 344, 855 
 Tiddy-Doll, the great French Ginger- 
 bread Baker, drawing out a new 
 Batch of Kings, 309 
 Titianus Redivivus, 443 
 Tirailleur Frangais, et cheval leger de 
 l’Armee du Pacha de Rhodes, 227 
 Toasting Muffins, 67 
 Toilet, Progress of the, 570 — 572 
 Tollemache, Lady Grace, 578 
 Tom Paine’s nightly Pest, 91 
 Tomline, Dr. 146 
 Tooke, Mr. William, 259 
 Tooke, Horne, 57, 58, 106, 162, 184, 
 189, 216, 259, 263, 291, 311, 313, 
 314, 325, 327, 330, 333, 336, 338, 
 
 339, 344, 350, 354, 357 ; sketch of 
 his life, 259 
 
 Topham, Major, 37, 378 
 Townshend, Lord John, 37 
 Townshend, Colonel, 473, 476 
 Townshend, Mr. 355 
 Treason and Sedition Bills, 139, 143 
 Tree of Liberty — with the Devil 
 tempting John Bull, 200 
 Tree of Liberty must be planted im- 
 mediately, 168 
 Triumph of Quassia, 318 
 Triumphal Procession of little Pauli 
 the Tailor upon his new Goose, 325 
 Trotter’s Memoirs of Fox, Extracts 
 from, 269, 310, 319 
 TroisMagots, 389 
 True British Tar, 121 
 True Reform of Parliament, 357 
 Tub for the Whale, 212 
 Turner, Sir Charles, 153 
 Twin Stars, Castor and Pollux, 235 
 Twopenny Whist, 413 
 
 Ulm, surrender of, 304 
 Uncorking Old Sherry, 293 
 Uniform (A) Whig, 70 
 Union Club (The), 257 
 United Irishmen in Training, 204 
 United Irishmen upon Duty, 205 
 United Irishmen, Society of, 207 
 University, Rake’s Progress atthe,545 
 —549 
 
 Y Committee framing a Report, 
 
 10 
 
 Valley of the Shadow of Death, 347 
 Yalletort, Lord, 516, 517, 523 
 Van Butchell, Martin, 384 
 Vancouver, Captain, and his brother, 
 154 
 
 Vansittart, Mr. 260, 310, 332 — See 
 Bexley 
 
 Venetian Secret, 443 
 Venus a la Coquille, 566 
 Venus attired by the Graces, 496 
 Venus, trying on the Cestus of, 394 
 Vestal of -93, 394 
 Very slippy weather, 559 
 Vestris, the Dancing Master, 370 
 Vices overlooked in the New Procla- 
 mation, 80 
 
 Vienna, Convention of, 315 
 View of Newmarket Heath, 563 
 View of the Hustings in Covent 
 Garden, 329 
 Vimiera, battle of, 350 
 Visit to Piccadilly, 40 
 K 
 
496 
 
 INDEX, 
 
 Visiting the Sick, 319 
 Voluptuary under the horrors of di- 
 gestion, 85 
 
 “ Vortigern and Rowena,” 451 
 Vulture of the Constitution, 41 
 
 Waithman, Alderman, 350 
 Wales, Prince of, 18, 24, 28, 32, 33, 
 48, 65, 80, 85, 115, 124, 142, 155, 
 170, 202, 257, 289, 302, 312, 319, 
 372, 375, 378, 435, 480, 523 
 Wall, Governor, 521 
 Walpole, Sir Robert, anecdote of, 303 
 Walpole, Lord, 337 
 Walpole, Horace, 5, 375, 400 
 Walpole, Gen. 232, 261, 262 
 Walse (La), Le Bon Genre, 569 
 Waltzer de Mouchoir, 457 
 War, 15, 16 
 
 War die, Col. 352, 354, 357 
 Warley Common, review on, 368 
 Warren, Admiral, 208 
 Watson, Mr. 89, 413 
 Watson, Col. 450 
 
 Weather, Pictures of the, 553—559 
 Weird Sisters, 68 
 Welch Tandem, 531 
 Wellesley, Sir Arthur, 300 
 Wellington, Duke of, 201, 350 
 West, Benj. R.A., 443 
 
 W st r Just-asses a Braying, 9 
 
 Westminster Conscripts under the 
 Training Act, 323 
 Westminster Hunt, 35 
 Westminster Scrutiny, 214 
 Westmoreland, Earl, 132 
 What a Cur ’tis, 128 
 
 What can little T O do? 
 
 502 
 
 Whig Club, 139, 173, 198 
 Whitbread, Mr. 318, 320, 329, 335, 
 337, 339, 340, 344, 351, 354, 355, 
 .357 
 
 Whiteford, Caleb, 551 
 
 Whitworth, Lord, 279 
 Wide Awake, 562 
 Wife or no Wife, 32 
 Wilkes, Mr. 2, 161, 162, 259 
 Wilberforce, Mr. 49, 127, 140, 160, 
 164, 172, 201, 272, 290, 298, 302, 
 305, 320, 352 
 
 Windham, Mr. 140, 145, 159, 160, 
 262, 290, 293, 298, 299, 305, 308, 
 310, 311, 313, 314,319, 332, 333, 
 335, 336, 337, 339, 340, 344, 349, 
 350, 351,352, 355,-366 
 Windham, head of, 155 
 Windy Weather, 558 
 Windsor, Mrs. 489 
 Wine Duty, or the Triumph of Bac- 
 chus and Silenus, 149 
 Wirtemberg, Prince of, 170, 171 
 Wirtemberg, King of, 408 
 Wishart, Mr. 353, 354 
 Witch upon a Mount’s Edge, 388 
 Wolcot, Dr. — See Peter Pindar 
 Wolf, death of the, 140 
 Wolfe, General, 19 
 Woodbridge, Robert, 385 
 Woodfall, the Printer, 259 
 Woollett, the artist, 380 
 Worn out Patriot, 355 
 Wounded Lion, 303 
 Wray, Sir Cecil, 57, 58 
 Wright, Sir Sampson, 379** 
 Wycombe, Earl of, 504 
 Wynn, Sir Watkin Williams, 23, 40, 
 366, 390 ; and his brothers, 501 
 Wynn, Lady, 40 
 
 Yarmouth, Lord, 323 
 York, Duke of, 60, 61, 62, 63, 80, 
 100, 110, 170, 207, 352, 354, 445 
 York, Duchess of, 40, 60, 61, 62, 63, 71 
 York, Archbishop of, 366 
 York, Charles, 260 
 York Minuet, 62 
 York Reverence, 63 
 
 THE END. 
 
 G. NORMAN, PRINTER, MAIDEN LANE, COVENT GARDEN, 
 

 

 
 
 

 
r 
 
 GETTY RESEARCH INSTITUTE 
 
 3 3125 01161 5248 
 
 n