lriiPill|i|l|'|i|<l<Hi|i|i|iiiiiiT>i.iri l mt.i|.. 
 
MVSJEVM REGALIS SOCIETATIS . 
 
 ORA 
 
 Catalogue & Defcription 
 
 Of the Natural and Artificial 
 
 RARITIES 
 
 Belonging to the 
 
 ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 And preferved at 
 
 Grefham Colledse. 
 
 MADE 
 
 By 3\[ehemjah Cjrerv M. D. Fellow of the Royal Society, 
 and of the Colledge of Pbyftians. 
 
 W hereunto is Subjoyned the 
 
 Comparative Anatomy 
 
 OF J 
 
 'Ey the fame V T H 0 R, 
 
 LOSAffDON, 
 
 Printed by W. Rawlins, for the Author, 168 u 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 ~ - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 [ 
 
 
 
 
TO THE 
 
 Moft Illuftrious 
 
 THE 
 
 ROYAL SOCIETY. 
 
 The following 
 
 CATALOGUE 
 
 Mofl: Humbly 
 
 PRESENTED 
 
 By die Author 
 
 ^EHEMfAH q REW. 
 

 .... 
 
 (• ‘ 
 
 
 ' 
 
 ;‘i a ' o T 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 
 VH : :fte>f 
 
 ■ 
 
 V . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
To his Honoured Friend 
 
 Daniel Colwall Efq; 
 
 Fellow of the Royal Society. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 Othing can be more fit, than to dedi¬ 
 cate a Catalogue of that FATufmm 
 to your Self, of which you are 
 the Founder. You having, in your 
 Devotion to the Royal Society , offered 
 up to them That lo noble an Hecatombe. 
 
 The truth is, I have herein prolecuted, what the 
 ‘Royal Society , by their Order for the making and 
 publiflhing of this Catalogue, had begun: they ha- 
 ving done the lame, as with regard to Common 
 Ule; lo to return that which is but Right to your 
 Self, and that they might always wear this Cata¬ 
 logue, as the Miniature of your abundant Refpe&s, 
 near their Hearts. 
 
 Neither mull' your Voluntary Undertaking for 
 the Engraving of the Plates for this Work, be un¬ 
 known. You having done this, not only out of 
 refpeft to my Self; but likewile in order to a Pub- 
 lique Good,; whereby you are a Benefa&or to all 
 Ingenious Men. 
 
 Befides the particular regard you had to the Royal 
 Society it Self; which leeming ( in the opinion of 
 feme ) to look a little pale, you intended hereby, 
 
 A 9 to 
 

 The Epiflle Dedicatory. 
 
 to put feme frefh Blood into their Cheeks; pour¬ 
 ing out your Box of Oyntment, not in order to 
 their Burial., but their R efeirre&ion. 
 
 To conclude, I have made this Addrefe, not on¬ 
 ly to do You Right, but to do Right unto Virtue 
 it felf; and that having propofed your exemplary 
 prudence unto others; they may from you, learn. 
 To u(e the redundant part ot their E hates, either to 
 a Charitable end, as this City will witncfs for your 
 Self, 1 or the Promotion of Mafculine Studies, as in 
 the prefent Cafe: or other laudable ways, fe> as with 
 you, to merit a lading efteem amongft the wifer 
 and better part of Mankind. 
 
 I am. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 Tour very humble 
 obliged Servant 
 
 N. C R E W. 
 
 THE 
 
THE 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 ; ik S to the following Catalogue, I have fame things'to fay, oftheOr- 
 ! der, Names, Defcriptions, Figures, and Vfes of Particulars, 
 
 £ \ and the Quotations I have made therein. 
 
 As to the firfi, I like not the reajon which Aldrovandus gives 
 for his beginning the Hiftory of Quadrupeds with the Horfe 5 Quod pra- 
 cipuam nobis utilitatem prsbeat. Being better placed according to tFe de¬ 
 grees of their Approximation, to Humane Shape, and one to another : and 
 fo other Pipings, according to their Nature. Much left fiould 1 chuofi, 
 with Gefner, to go by the Alphabet. The very Scale of the Creatures, is a 
 matter of high peculation. 
 
 As to the Names, where they were wanting, ( which in our own Lan¬ 
 guage were many ) I have taken leave to give them. But have generally re- 
 teind them, where I have found them all-ready given. Although, from fome 
 dijhnguifhing Note left convenient 5 as the Colour is, than the Figure. 
 Andfowetimes very Improper, as Concha Perfica , and the like, fiom the 
 Place. For it often falls out, that the fame Thing breeds in many Places. 
 But there is no Natural Reafon, why it fiould be called by one, rather than 
 another. So that the Names of Things fiould be always taken fiomfomc- 
 thing more obfervably declarative of their Form, or Nature. The doing of 
 which,wotlld much facilitate and Improve the Knowledge of them many ways. 
 Forfo, every Name were afiort Definition. Where as if Words are con¬ 
 fus'd, little clfe can be diJlinStly learn d. Yet I took, it not to be my part, 
 aUually to reform this matter 5 imlef I had been writing an ZJniverfid Histo¬ 
 ry of Nature. 
 
 In the Defcriptions, I have taken care ; Firfl, to reffifie the nii(lakes of 
 fitch as are given us by other Hands. Secondly, not to Iranfcribe any ; as 
 is too commonly done : but having noted fomething more special therein, to 
 refer to the Author. Thirdly, where there is no Deficription at all, or that 
 is toojhort , or the faults therein many, to give one at large. For the doing 
 of all which, what the trouble of comparing Books together hath been, I (hi 
 with Sleydan in another Cafe, Poll; Deum Immortalem Ipfe novi. 
 
 I” the Defcriptions given, I have obferved , with the Figures of Things, 
 afo t cir Colours ; fo far as I could, uiilcfs I had view'd them Living, and 
 
 A ”d have added theirjuft Meafitres. Much negleded by Writers 
 of Natural Hiftory. 
 
 Ij any objeff agawfl their length : perhaps they have not fowell conftdered 
 thenecejjity hereof, for the cleer and evident diftinction of thefeveral Kinds 
 and Species,in fo great a variety of Things known in the World. And wherein 
 a fa regard is to be had, to all that after Ages may di[cover, or have occap.on 
 to enquire after. The Ctiriofity and Diligence of Plinv, is highly to be com- 
 mended let he is fo brief, that his Works are rather a Nomenclature, 
 than a Hijtory: which perhaps might be more intelligible to the Age he lived 
 
The c Preface. 
 
 i „. than the fucceeding ones. But had He, and Others, been more parti¬ 
 cular in the Matters they treat of: their Commentators had engaged their 
 own and their Readers Time much better, than in fo many fruit left and end- 
 leg Difqm(itions and Contefts. It were certainly a Thing both in it fclf 
 Defirable, and of much Conference 5 To have fitch an Inventory of Nature, 
 wherein, as on the one hand, nothing Jhmld be Wanting ; fo nothing Re¬ 
 peated or Confounded, on the other. For which, there is no way without 
 a cleer and full Defcription of Things. 
 
 Befules, that in fitch Dejcriptions, many Particulars relating to the Na¬ 
 ture and Vfie of Things, will occur to the Authors mind, which otherwife 
 he would never have thought of. And may give occafion to his Readers, for 
 the conflderation of many more. And therefore it were alfii very proper, I hat 
 not only Things Jlrange and rare, but the mofi by own and common am on oft 
 ns, were thus defirib’d. Not meerly, for that what is common in one Conn- 
 trey, is rare in another: but beamfie, hkewifie, it would yield agreat aboun- 
 dance of matter for any Man s Reafon to work. upon. He that notes. That 
 a Grey hound hath pricked Ears, but that thofe of a Hound hang down ; 
 may alfio the Reafon of both: fir that the former hunts with his Ears; the 
 the latter, only with his Noler So that as a blind Man, minds nothing but 
 what he Hears: fo a Hound, having his Ears half Stopd with the Flaps , 
 minds nothing but what he Smells. He that fall obferve. That aHorfi, 
 which ought to have many and Jlrong Teeth , and large and thief Hoofes 
 hath no Horns: and that an Ox, with Horns, hath fewer Teeth and 
 weaker Hoofs : cannot but at the fame time fee the Providence of Nature, 
 In difbofing of the fame Excrementitious parts of the Blood, either way, as 
 is mo (l fait able to the Animal, One that considers the Teeth of a Horje,fees 
 the reafon, why he hath fo long an upper Lip ; which is his Hand, and in 
 fame fort anjwers to the Probofcis of an Elephant ; whereby he nimbly winds 
 the Graf in great quantities at once into his Mouth. So that for Nature 
 to have made''him aJhort Lip, had been to make a little Hopper, to a great 
 Mill The fame Animal having need of great Lungs, how necejfary is it alfo 
 fir him to have a broad Breaft, weU bowed Ribs, and wide Nofinls to give 
 them flay f That being much pejlerd with Tlys, hejhonld have a long brt/Jb 
 Tail to whisk, them off. Whereas the A fa which either for the hardneff and 
 drynefa of his Skin, or other Confer is left anoyd with them, hath no need of 
 ftah an one. That being 'heavy, he jhonld not Tread or Leap ft iff, as a Manj 
 but have a Paslern made him, gradually and fafely to break, the force of his 
 weight. By This, his Body hangs on the Hoof, as a Coach doth by the 
 Leathers. Without this, the mofi thorow pac’d Horfe, would tread fo 
 hard that as it were impojfiblefor any man to endure long upon his Back : 
 fo his Joynts would be much chafed, and he muft needs prefently tyre. 2 et 
 if it be too long by yielding over much , it makes every step fomewhat more 
 laborious, and to loofie fame ground. He that would have one fir Carriage, 
 will chafe him Jhort , and high Baclfd. For Runmg long, and clean or 
 (lender Limb’d: another , were like a Man that Jhouldrun a Race m his 
 Boots. And a due length is as necejfary : which is, when the Meafure be¬ 
 tween the Main and the Tail anfwersto the high, or thereabout. If much 
 under, his hinder Feet will want their full fcope : if much over, there will 
 be more weight to be moved with the fame force, as if the weight were loff. 
 But he that would have one far Draught, looks not that the Limbs be fen¬ 
 der, if they are jlrong’■) effe dally thofe behind. For though the fore Legs 
 
 
ir«x.JL—-:_:_ ______ 
 
 The c Preface. 
 
 fill/fometimes, mofl when they make an acute angle with the Belly ; yet the 
 greateU ftrefs ufitally lies upon the hinder ; thefe being as the Centre of 
 Gravity, and the Load, £W) of the Ho'rfe, the two Counter Weights. 
 
 And when he Goes without Drawing, his fore Feet only fupport him ■ but 
 his hinder , ferve alfo as Leavers to carry him on. And therefore when he 
 walks, he always moves his hinder Foot fir fit. 
 
 Together with jtich Notes as thefe, arifing from .the Defcription of the 
 outward Parts ; how largely and ufefully might that of the Inner; his Gene¬ 
 ration, Breeding and the like, be alfo infified on. Atid fo the like of other 
 Animals. Whereby a better Hijlory of them might be written in five years, 
 than hath hitherto been done in two Thoufand. 
 
 As for the Figures, I have given only thofe of fitch particulars, as arc 
 omitted by others. Saving one or two, found in fame Authors left known, 
 or common. Nor any, but what is alfo deferib'd : which makes any further 
 Explication of thefe needlefi, befides what the Reader will find next before 
 them. , ' • J 
 
 After the Defcriptions ; inftead of medling with Myfiick , Mythologies, 
 or Hieroglyphic^ matters ; or relating Stories of Men who were great Ri¬ 
 ders, or Women that were bold and feared not Horfes ; as jome others 
 have done : I thought it much more proper. To remarqite fome of the Ufes 
 and Reafons of Things. Where alfo for the fake of the EngliJI.) Reader, L 
 have undergone the tranferibing fomc particulars. More I could have done , 
 with lejs trouble. Thefe I hope will cOmpenfate the room, they take up. 
 AmongU Medicines, I have thought fit to mention the Virtues of divers 
 Exoticks. Becaufe the greatejl Rarity, if once experienced to be of good 
 ufe, will foon become, common. The Jefiifes Barque, of which, no Man 
 yet hath well clefcrib d the Tree, and very few know precifely where it grows-, 
 yet what great quantity, doth the much ufe of it bring over to us <? Unicorns 
 Horns, upon the like motive of i rade, would be as plentiful as Elephants 
 Teeth. 
 
 L have made the Quotations, not to prove things well known, to be true ; 
 as one * (and he too defervedly efleemed for his great Diligence and Curio- 
 ytyf) who very formally quotes Ariftotle, to prove a Sheep to be amongfl the 
 Bijulca; Ovem, ( inquit) exgenere efle Bifulcorum, non folum 
 T fi /x T itUr ’/ ed -^ r 'ft° te l es etiam fcripto publicavit, inquiens; as if 
 Al lltotle, must be brought to prove a Man hath ten Toes. But partly To 
 be my Warrant, in matters lefs credible. Partly, to give the Authors, that 
 which is their due : not at all likjng the Malignant-way of fame, who never 
 mention any, but to confute him. Tet withall. To reclifie his Mifiakps 
 w ere 1 found them. And to mind the Reader, Not to perufe the mofl Ho- 
 nejt, or Learned Author, without fome caution. 
 
A Prolped of the whole W ORK, 
 
 Of the MVS MV M. 
 
 PART. I. 
 
 Of Animals. 
 Seft. i. 
 
 Chap. 2. Of Shells Double and A till¬ 
 able. To which are faljoyncd 7. 
 Schemes comprehending them alL 
 
 Sea. 7. 
 
 Of Humane Rarities. 
 
 Sea. 2. 
 
 Of Quadrupeds. 
 
 C Hap. Si. Of Viviparousand 
 particularly of Multifiddus 
 Quadrupeds. 
 
 Chap. 2. Of Bifidous, and Solidipc- 
 dous Quadrupeds. 
 
 Appendix. Of certain Balls found in 
 the Stomachs of divers Quadru¬ 
 peds. 
 
 Chap. 3. Of Oviparous Quadrupeds. 
 
 Sea. 3. 
 Of Serpents. 
 
 Sea. 4. 
 
 Of Infects. 
 
 Chap. 1. Of Infects with Naked 
 Wings. 
 
 Chap. 2. Of Infects with Sheathed 
 Wings. 
 
 Chap. 3. Of Creeping InfctJs. 
 
 PART. II. 
 
 Of Plants. 
 
 Sea. 1. 
 
 Of Trees. 
 
 Chap. 1. Of Woods, Branches and 
 Leaves. 
 
 Chap. 2. Of Fruits-, particular)' [itch 
 as are of the Apple, Pear, and Plum 
 Kinds. 
 
 Of Birds. 
 
 Chap. I. Of Land-Fowlcs. 
 
 Chap. 2. Of Water-Fowles ; parti¬ 
 cularly of the Cloven Footed. 
 
 Chap. 3. Of Palmipeds or Weh- 
 Footed. 
 
 Chap. 4. Of their Eggs and Nells. 
 
 Chap. 3. Of Calibafses , and fame 
 other life Fruits. 
 
 Chap. 4. Of Nuts , and divers other 
 li ke Fruits. 
 
 Chap. 5. Of Berries , Cones , Lobes, 
 and fame other Parts of Trees. 
 
 Sea. 2. 
 
 Sea. 5. 
 
 Of Fifaes. 
 
 Chap. 1. Of Viviparous Fifaes. 
 Chap. 2. Of Oviparous Fifties 5 par- j 
 ticularly fuch as are Not-Scal’d. 
 Chap. 3. Of Scaled Fifties. 
 
 Chap. 4. Of Exanguious Fifties. 1 
 
 Sea. 6 . i 
 
 Of Shells. 
 
 Chap. I. Of Shells Whirled and /ingle. 
 
 Of Shrubs and A.rberefcent Plants. 
 Chap. I. Of Shrubs , chiefly. 
 
 Chap. 2. Of Arborefcent Plants. 
 
 Sea. 3. 
 
 Of Herbs. 
 
 Chap. 1, Of Stalks and Roots. 
 Chap. 2. Of Fruits. 
 
 Chap. 3. Of Seeds. 
 
 Sett. 4, 
 
Seft. 4. . 
 
 Of Mo fifes, Mujhrooms, joge- 
 gether with fame Appendents to 
 Plants. 
 
 Sect. 5. 
 
 Of Sea Plants. 
 
 Chap. i. Of Sea Shrubs. 
 
 Chap. 2. Of other Sea Plants 5 and 
 of Sponges. 
 
 PART. III. 
 
 Of Minerals. 
 
 Sect. 1. 
 
 Of Stones. 
 
 Chap. 1. Of Animal Bodies petri¬ 
 fied ; and fitch likg. 
 
 Chap. 2. Of Vegetable Bodies petri¬ 
 fied , and Stones like them. 
 
 Chap. 3. Of Corals, and other like 
 Marine ProduQions. 
 
 Chap. 4. Of Gems. 
 
 Chap. 5. Of other Stones Regular. 
 Chap. 6 . Of Stones Irregular. 
 
 Seft. 2. 
 
 Of Met alls. 
 
 Chap. 1. Of Gold,S ilver,and Copper. 
 Chap. 2. Of Tin, Lead, and Iron. 
 Chap. 3. Of Antimony, Mercury, 
 and other Metallick, Bodies. 
 
 Seft. 3. 
 
 Of Mineral Principles. 
 
 Chap. 1. Of Salts. 
 
 Chap. 2. Of Ambar and other Sul¬ 
 phurs. 
 
 Chap. 3. Of Earths. 
 
 PART. IV. 
 
 Of Artificial Matters. 
 
 Seft. 1. 
 
 Of things relating to Chytnifiry,and to 
 other Parts of Natural Philofophy. 
 
 Sea. 2. f 
 
 Of things relating to Mathmaticks 3 
 and fome Mechanicks. 
 
 » v* 
 
 Sea. 3. 
 
 Chiefly, of Mcchanicfs. 
 
 Sea. 4. 
 
 Of C oytts, and other matters relating 
 to Antiquity. 
 
 Appendix. 
 
 Of fome Plants,and other Particulars. 
 Index. 
 
 Of fome Medicines. 
 
 Lift. 
 
 Of thofe who have contributed to this 
 Mufeum. 
 
 Of the Anatomical Part. 
 
 Chap. 1. Of the Stomachs and Guts 
 of fix Carnivorous Quadrupeds,fc. 
 a IVeefie,Fitchet,Polecat, Cat, Do?, 
 and Fox. 
 
 Chap. 2. Of the Mole, which feems 
 to feed on Infccfs, as alfo of the 
 Dr chan, Squiril, and Ratj chiefly 
 frugivorotts. 
 
 Chap. 3 . Of a Rabbit, Horfe, and 
 Pig i both frugivorous and grami¬ 
 nivorous. 
 
 Chap. 4. Of a Sheep, and Calf ; 
 chiefly graminivorous. 
 
 Chap. 5. Of the Dfas of the Quiets 
 of Quadrupeds. 
 
 Chap. 6 . Of the Dfies of the Sto¬ 
 machs of Quadrupeds. 
 
 Chap. 7. Of the Dfis of the Guts of 
 Quadrupeds. 
 
 Chap. 8 . Of the Stomachs and Guts 
 of Birds. 
 
 Chap. 9. Of their Dfis. 
 
 Chap. 10. Of the Stomachs and 
 Guts of Fijl)es. 
 
 With a Short Explication of fame of 
 the Figures, next before them. 
 
dAt a Meeting of the Council of the Royal Society 
 July i 8th 1678. 
 
 Ordered , 
 
 T Hat Dr. Grew bedefired, at his lealure, to 
 Make a Catalogue and Delcription of the 
 Rarities belonging to this Society. 
 
 Thom. Hcnjhaw Vice-Pryfes R. Si 
 
 oAt a Meeting of the found l of the Royal Society 3 
 July 5th 1679. 
 
 Ordered\ 
 
 T Hat a Book entitled, Mufieum Rygalis Societa- 
 tit , &c. By Dr. 3 \fehemjah (jrerp y be Printed. 
 
 Thom. Henfhaw Vice-Prafies R. S. 
 
 The 'Reader is defired to amend the following 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 P Age, 5. line, 3 ; for , only ; read, chiefly, p. 7. 1 . 24. r. Biliaria. p. id. 1 . 13 . 
 
 r. Conical, p. 41. ]. 20. r. Humorous, p.49. in the margin, r. Schroderi Phar- 
 cnac. p. 65. 1 . 15. f. European, r. Common. 1 . 22. again, r. Common, p. 70. 1 . 1. 
 f. Poop, r. Prore. p. 72. 1 . 16. f. Mona, r. Man, and. p. 73. 1 . r. f. Mona, r. Man. 
 p. 103. r. Oviparous, p. 126. 1 . 34. dole, other, p. 13d. 1 . 12. r. Fore-Whirled, 
 p. 182.!. 18. add, Or rather, Yrrnm Sylv. Americana; the AMER: BLACK 
 THORN, p. 202. L14. r. Citiare. p. 220. 1 . 2d. r. Taxocoquamoclit. p.252, 
 1 . 10. dele, a Cap. 
 
P A R T I. 
 
 V 
 
 1 
 
 A 
 
 DESCRIPTION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 R A R I T I E S 
 
 Belonging to the 
 
 ROYAL SOCIETY 
 
 And preferved at 
 
 Grefham Colledge. 
 
 PART I. 
 
 of ^Animals. 
 
 Sect. I. 
 
 Of Humane Rarities. 
 
 A N ./EGYPTIAN MUMMY given by the 
 /A Illuftrious Prince Henry Duke of Norfolk, It is 
 •A- an entire one taken out of the Royal Pyramids. 
 In length five feet ahd *, defended with feveral linnen Co¬ 
 vers, all woven like ordinary Flaxen Cloth. But by the 
 {pinning, diftinguifhed into three kinds. The utmoft, is 
 like Flaxen Cloth ot two {hillings an Ell: the inmoft, of 
 half a Crown: the middlemoft, of three {hillings, or there¬ 
 about. 
 
 The utmoft Cover is divided into feveral pieces, each of 
 doubled Linnen, and adapted in figure to the part it covers, 
 
 B as 
 
2 Of Humane Rarities. Part L 
 
 as one on the Bread, another on the Belly, and fo on all 
 the principal Parts. On each of thefe pieces is laid a white 
 Paint,of a kind of chalky or limy fubftance,of the thicknefs 
 of a Hen-Egg-ihell. Upon this chalky ground are drawn 
 the Hieroglyphick Figures of Men, Women and Birds 5 m 
 Gold, yellow, red and blew. But with very rude fhapes, 
 and the Colours no where mixed together. So very mean 
 was the Art of Painting amongft the /Egyptians here¬ 
 tofore. For we have reafon to believe, that what was 
 done for one of their Kings or Nobles,was done with their 
 bed skill. 
 
 The middlemod Cover confideth of one flngle and 
 entire piece of Linnen, almod like a Winding-fheet. It is 
 alfo tinged with fome kind of Paint, but very lightly, and 
 without any Figures. 
 
 The inmod Covering is wrapped round about the Head, 
 Trunk, each Arm, and each Teg apart, about thirty or 
 forty times, like fo many fwathing Bands. About twenty 
 of tlie utmod of thefe folds are lightly tinged, all the other 
 inmod more fully,with a blackifh and gummous fubdance. 
 But the Field fo fully, as it feems to be converted into a 
 black Rofin 5 which being held to the flame of a Candle, is 
 a little odorous and inflamable. The Bones alfo,are not only 
 outwardly, but alfo quite through of a black colour, as if 
 they were burnt. 
 
 From hence it is very probable, That the way of Em¬ 
 balming amongd the A Egyptians , was by boiling the Body 
 (in a long Cauldron like a Fifh-kettle) in fome kind of liquid 
 Balfome 5 fo long, till the aqueous parts of the £elh being 
 evaporated, the oily and gummous parts of the Balfome did 
 by degrees foak into it, and intimately incorporate there¬ 
 with. Much after the fame manner, as the Sugar doth, in 
 theconditing of Pears, Quinces, and the like. 
 
 TTis alfo likely, that a better way might be taken, than 
 this ufed by the /Egyptians. And that is, by boyling, or 
 rather foaking the Body in fome white fort of Oyl, and 
 fuch as will dry, (as that of Walnuts) made and kept 
 fo hot, as to evaporate the watery parts by degrees, and to 
 keep the flefh white, and not brittle, but limber and plient. 
 Which, efpecially in the bufinefs of Anatomy, would be 
 of good ufe : becaufe, that all the Mufcules of the Body, 
 
Part I. Of Humane Rarities. 3 
 
 being firft parted one from another, might hereby be pre- 
 ferved found, clean, and limber upon the Bones ; and fo all 
 the motions of the parts be explicated with the greateft cafe, 
 and without any ofrenfivenefs. 
 
 Tis equally probable, that the whole Compages of the 
 Mufcules, as they lie upon the Bones, might with little 
 trouble, and lefs charge than by the former way, be truly 
 Tanned, or reduced to a limber fort of Leather 5 whereby 
 alfo the weftage of the fibers, or other mechanifme of the 
 Mufcules might more eafily and Ieifurely be obferved. For 
 the skins of Bealls, whereof Leather is daily made, are 
 Mufcular 5 and in mans body confifteth, for the moll part, 
 of the fame carneous libers, as the Mufcules, but more 
 clofely woven or matted together. 
 
 Mummy , faith Wormius ( a ) (and fo moll Writers here- ^ or ^ um 
 of) is of great ufe againil Contufions, clodded Blood, Hard num. 
 Labour, See. But let them fee to it, that dare trull to old 
 Gums, which have long lince loll their virtue. 
 
 By fome Chymilts are alfo prepared Mummies Tintiurd 
 Quercetani 5 Muvunidt Extraffium Crolly ; Oleum Olivarum 
 Mummiatum. (/;) But the prudent Reader will take heed of (b) Schrod. 
 words. Phaim " 
 
 A MALE HUMANE FOETUS. Given by 
 Thomas Cox Efty An Abortive of about the 4 th Month. In 
 length five inches. The Head, from the hinder part to the 
 face, an Inch and i The Face, an Inch and i The Back, 
 from fhoulder to Ihoulder, an Inch and 1 broad. The 
 Buttocks an Inch, The Arms and Thighs * Inch over. 
 
 The Wrill and fmall of the Leg, * of an Inch. The Na¬ 
 vel-firing I of an Inch; twilled like a Rope ; and cut off 
 five Inches long. The Eyes fhut. But the Mouth open. 
 
 It hath neither Nails, nor Hair. The Skin white and 
 fmooth, almoft as in Children newly born. See Dr. W. 
 Needhams curious Book de Fastu Fomiato. ( c ) M And Ho- 
 
 The largenefs of the Head and Chell, with rcfpect to the JfZS 
 other parts,is obfervable. The mouth being open,(hews that Secmdin* 
 the Fetus, even in the 4 th Month,may that way take part of 
 its Aliment, id) The Skin hath been kept white and fmooth W See Har- 
 for fo long a time, foil, above fifteen years, by being in- nerawAni) 
 eluded with rectified fpirit of Wine in a Cylindrical Glafs 5 malium. 
 to the middle of which the Fetus is poifed, by means of a 
 
 B 2 ' Glafs 
 
4 
 
 P A R T I. 
 
 Of Humane Karities. 
 
 Glafs Buble of an Inch diametre, the Neck whereof is 
 faftncd to die Anus of the Foetus by a wyer. 
 
 The entire SKINofaMOO R. ’Tis tanned with 
 the Hair of the Head, and even the fmallefl in all the other 
 parts remaining on it. 
 
 Herein are obfervable, the Fibers in the skin of the 
 Perns, which are very white, and exquifitely final], like the 
 thread of a Spiders Web. Likewife the thinnefs of the 
 title Cutis in the foie oi the Foot 5 and on the contrary 
 the extraordinary thicknefs of the Canada, efpecially in the 
 Heel, exceeding the fixth part of an Inch : which is about 
 nrty times the thicknefs of that in the ball of the Hand. 
 £™“ iar - Bartholine . M mentions a. Farrier who had feveral Callo- 
 fities on his Right-Hand Fingers, as big as Walnuts. 
 (/OHifioriar. The fime Author (/f) fhews the way of tannin " a Hu- 
 Cmt -3- mane Skin. I believe it may be tann’d by all the ways 
 which are us’d upon other Skins. 
 
 (c) lbicL (0 That a Thong hereof tyd about the middle , is 
 
 of good ufe for facilitating the Birth-, and efpecially attain,(l 
 Mother-Fits. Whether any other way, if fo, than by railing 
 and fortifying the pliancy (which will fometimes produce 
 ftrange effects) I leave to the Reader to judge 
 
 xTr A !^c P i nci , pal r! EINS ’ ARTERIES, and 
 NERVES, both of the Limbs and Vifcera. The Ge¬ 
 nerous Gift of John Evelyn Efquire. He bought them at 
 Padoa, where he faw them with great mduftry and exact- 
 nefs (according to the beft method then ufed) taken out 
 of the body of a Man, and very curioully /bread upon 
 fotu’ large TABLES, whereon they are now preferved. 
 The Work of Fabritius Bartoletus then Veftingius s Afliftant 
 there, and afterwards Phyfician to the King of Poland. 
 
 The Veins and Arteries are fo exceedingly well done, as 
 to fhew the moll curious Schemes which Laurentius and 
 other Phyfitians have given us of them, are real and not 
 fictitious. But the Nerves have been much more truly 
 and fully reprcfented to us of late by Dr. Richard Lower, in 
 vorurrf De- ^.Willis, (d) Efpecially as to their Plexus and Inofculations , 
 fcript.Sc ulu. a nd their admirable Diflributions to the Organs of the Sen- 
 fes , and the Vifcera. 
 
 Anim.^. (e) by the account he gives of the Doctrine 
 
 c. 3 . J °f the Naturahfts of his Time, and before him, feems to 
 
 have 
 
Part! Of Humane Rarities'. 
 
 have been the firSt, who to any purpofc, obferved the Di¬ 
 stribution of die Sanguineous Vejfels. Yet lie defcribes them 
 only from the Heart upward. Nor makes he any diftindi- 
 on betwixt th c Vena Porta, and the Vena Cava. So that 
 even here he comes far fhort of that exactncfs which Ana¬ 
 tomists have fince arrived at 5 as appears, upon infpedi- 
 on, by the TABLES above mention’d. 
 
 The SCELETON of a Man. Wherein the num¬ 
 ber of Bones (about two hundred and fifty) together 
 with their dimensions,figures, and articulations are alleafily 
 obfervable. Given by Thomas Povey Efquire. 
 
 The HiStory of the Bones, as finished, is well perform’d 
 by moll Anatomills. But the manner, arrd order of their 
 beginning and perfection, hath been given us, fo far as I 
 
 know, by the diligent Obfervations of Kirckringius [a) O) Kirck- 
 only. " ringii Ofteo- 
 
 6f all Humane Bones indifferently,as well as of the Skull, Iu ° U ' 
 arc prepared , Spirit as fimplicior , Spiritus oleofus , Oleum 
 rectification, (3? Magiflerium. Amongft which, the fpiritus 
 oleofus, if well prepared, is of undoubted ufe againft 
 rical Pa(fions ; and in fome other Cafes, where die Nerves 
 cfpecially are affected. 
 
 The SCELETON of a Woman ; of equal height 
 with the former. By comparing thefe two together, it 
 may be noted, That the Os Ilium is larger and more out¬ 
 ward in the Female Sceleton, than in the Male 5 fc. for the 
 more eafie Labour, as Bartholine and others have alfo 
 observed by the like companion. I add, That the fame 
 Bone is alfo broader by 1 an Inch in the Female Sceleton, 
 than in the Male •’ fc. for the better fuftentation of the 
 Fwtus in the. Womb. Again, That the Os Sacrum is half 
 an Inch longer in the Female: both for the forementioned 
 reafon, and alfo the better proportion of the Parts. On 
 the contrary* That the Vertebra, especially of the Loyns , 
 are much broader, thicker, and Stronger in the Male Scele¬ 
 ton, than in the Female 5 being hereby better fitted for the 
 bearing of burthens. And, that as in the Male Sceleton 
 there arc 32 Teeth, asisufual, and in the Female but 28 5 
 So the nether Chap in the Male Sceleton is half an Inch 
 broader than in the Female, as being made to accom¬ 
 modate a bigger Mufcule for the motion of thofe 
 
 Teeth, 
 
Of Humane Rarities. 
 
 ART 
 
 (a) See the 
 Authors A- 
 natomy of 
 Plants. 
 
 Teeth. And tor the fame reafon, the Angles fubjectcd 
 to the Os Jugate are above > an Inch more diflant; For 
 that a Man being fitted, in other refpccts, to undergo 
 more labour 3 his Chaps alfo thou Id be the better made 
 to eat the more. Once more. That the Skull of the Male 
 Sceleton, is much bigger, than of the Female 3 and fo ca¬ 
 pable of more Brains. Although a little Houfe may be 
 well furnifhed, and look better than a great one that Hands 
 empty. 
 
 The S C E L E T O N of an Abortive Humane Foetus. 
 ’Tis not above two Inches long. The parts of the Head, 
 Chefl, and Limbs are all entire, but not perfect. For the 
 extremities of the Bones of the Arms and Leggs, are at 
 both ends plainly cartilagineous. They are in thicknefs 
 like a Taylors Hitching Thread. Given by Thomas Povey 
 Efq$. See Kirckringius de Fwtus Ofjibus. 
 
 It may poflibly be conceived by fome, That the Bones, 
 at leaH fome of them, are hard at the firfl 3 as Salts and 
 other like CryHallizmg Bodies are as hard upon the very 
 firfl inftant of their fhootmg, as they are when grown into 
 great Cryflals. But it is fo far evident, that all the Bones 
 are foft at the firfl, that I am of opinion, That originally 
 they arc a Congeries of Fibers os fibrous Veflels, as true as 
 any other in the Body 3 which by degrees harden into 
 Bones: even as the inmofl VefTelsina Plant, do in time 
 harden into Wood, (a) And that as in a Plant, there are 
 fucceflive additions of Rings or Tubes of Wood, made 
 out of Yeffels: So in an Animal, it feems plain, That 
 there are additions fuccefflvely made to the Bones out of 
 the Fibrous parts of the Mufcules; efpecially, thofe whitefl 
 Fibers which run tranfverfly, and make the flamen or warp 
 of every Mufcule. So that as in the Barque of a Plant, 
 part of the Veflels are fuccefllvely derived outward to the 
 Rind\ and part inward to the Sap, which ffterwards be¬ 
 comes hard mod. ( b ) So in the Flefh of an Animal, part 
 of the white tranfverfe Fibers are fucceflively derived to the 
 Skin (of which this chiefly confifls) and part of them in¬ 
 wardly, making Hill new Periofteums one after another, as 
 the old ones become fo many additions to the Bones. 
 
 A HUMANE SKULL that was never buried. 
 Whereof there are feveral Medicines prepar’d, [c) as Cra¬ 
 nium 
 
7 
 
 Part I. Of Humane Rarities. 
 
 nium Humanum pr#paratum,Craniuni Humanum Calcinatum. 
 
 Cranii Humani Magiflerium, Spirit us EJfentificatus, Oleum , 
 
 Sal Volatile, TirMura , Gaired'a, i.e. F.xtraUum Cranii Thec- 
 phrafti. But the Cranium pr#paratum , and the fpirit are 
 moll, and mod defervedly, in ufe. 
 
 A HUMANE SKULL cover’d all over with 
 Molls, by the Paracelfeans call’d Vfnea. This Alois is by 
 them commended for its peculiar Virtue in Hopping of 
 bleeding at the Nofe. 
 
 Upon comparifon it appears to me, to be the fame, in 
 fpecie , with that defcribed by Johannes Bauhinus under the 
 Title of Mujcus facie Abietis. So that we may probably 
 expect the fame advantage from the ufe of this, as of that 
 which grows upon Skulls. For a Skull can have no fur¬ 
 ther influence, than hath the alteration of the foil: which 
 although it may produce fome differences, yet is fel- 
 dom or never known to alter the fpecifick Virtue of a 
 Plant. 
 
 A HUMANE SKULL cover’d all over with the 
 Skin. Having been buried, as is probable, in fome Limy, 
 or other like foil, by which it was tann’d or turn’d into a 
 kind of Leather. 
 
 The GALL BLADDER, together with the 
 V A SA BILARIA, taken out of the Liver, and filled 
 with foft red Wax. Performed, and given by Dr .Swam¬ 
 merdam. 
 
 The SPLEEN mod cunoufly EXCARNATED, 
 and the Veflels filled with wax: whereby its Fibers and Vef- 
 fels are very well feen. Performed, and given by the fame 
 Hand. 
 
 A Portion of the PENIS and Urethra: wherein the 
 Corpora Nervofa are molt confpicuous. By the fame 
 Hand. 
 
 A Portion ofthe INTESTINUM JEJUNUM: 
 
 wherein the Valvul<z conniventes obferved by Rhuyfferius , 
 delineated by Kirckringius, are well feen. 
 
 It is obferved (a) by Dr. William Cole , That not only (A Phiio- 
 thefe Valves, but the Fibers of the inner Mufcular Mem- _ Tranf ’ 
 brane of the Guts are admirably continu’d in a fpiral Line, 
 ail along from the Stomach to the very Anus. 
 
 The PROPER VESSELS of a HUM ANE 
 
 TESTICLE, 
 
8 
 
 Of Humane parities. Part I. 
 
 TESTICLE, feparated and expanded, from their raoft 
 clofe and numerous into wider folds, for the fpace of a foot 
 in length, and half a foot in breadth. Performed by 
 Dr. Edmund King. 
 
 It is taken for granted,I think almoft by every body,That 
 Van Horne and de Graaf were the firft Obfervers of thefe 
 Veilels. But that every one may have his due,it is worth the 
 Readers notice, That ten years before de Graaf s Book con¬ 
 cerning the fame, a Defcnption with Figures thereof, in the 
 Tejiicles both of a Boar and of a Mot, were firft publifhed by 
 Vauclius Dathirius Bonglarm, fc. in the Year 1658. Where¬ 
 of alfo Mr. Oldenburgh hath given an account in the Philo- 
 fophicalTranfablions. N. 42. 
 
 The WOMB of a W O M A N, blown up and 
 dried. Together with the Spermatickjejfels annexed 3 and 
 the Arteries in the bottom of the Uterus, undulated like 
 the Clafpers of a Vine , all filled up with foft Wax. Alfo 
 the Membranous and Round Ligaments of the Womb, the 
 Ureters, Bladder , Clitoris , Nymph*, Hymen, Fallopian Tube , 
 and the Ovarys, commonly called the Tejiicles 5 all made 
 moft curioufly vifibly, and given by Dr. Swammerdam. 
 The Defcnptions and Figures hereof may be feen in the 
 fame Authors Book, printed at Leyden, 1672. and prefented 
 to the Royal Society. 
 
 Of the Organs appropriated to Generation in both 
 Sexes, fee alfo Van Hornes Prodromus, and Regnerus de 
 Graaf. 
 
 Of the manner and ufe of filling the Yelfels with Wax, 
 or other like fubftance, fee the Honourable Air. Boyle, in his 
 Firft Part, Of the Vfefubtefs of Natural Philofophy 3 who, I 
 think, was the firft that made mention of managing and 
 reprefenting them this way. 
 
 A TOOTH taken out of theTefticIeor Ovary of a 
 Woman,and given by Dr. EdwardTyfon. Tis near 1 an Inch 
 long, pointed like the Eye-Tooth of a Alan, but more {len¬ 
 der. As hard and white as any in the Head. 
 
 Here is alfo the Draught of another TOOT H,taken alfo 
 out of the Ovary of a Woman, by the fame Hand, being 
 fhaped pretty like one of the Grinders or great Teeth, and 
 as big. It is as white and as hard as the former. The 
 Womans Husband keeps the Tooth it felf by him. 
 
 Hair 
 
Part I. Of Humane Parities. 
 
 HAIR taken out of the Ovary of a Woman, and given 
 by the fame Hand. It is fine, and moil of it grey. The 
 length of one Hair (longer than the reft) k of a yard. 
 
 HAIR found by the fame Perfon in the Ovary, and 
 Hornes of the Womb of a Bitch: as alfo in the Omen- 
 turn. Veins, and Heart. Tis all Tort, anfwerable in length 
 to the Hair of a Dog 5 and of a brown colour. 
 
 The BONES of a Humane LEG and FOOT 
 grown together, and in fomc places rarified like a Sponge 
 or Pumice-Stone. Tis very probable, it was a Difeafe m 
 the Bones fomewhat like to that which Chirurgions call an 
 Exoftafes 5 and that they became fuch, by fome malignant 
 and ftrumous Ulcer. 
 
 Apiece of a BONE voided by Sir W. Throgmorton 
 with his Urine. Given by Thomas Cox Efq 5 . Tis about 
 the 3 d -of an Inch over, andalmoft fquarc. Smooth on 
 one fide, and fpongy on the other, on the edges rugged. 
 About the bignefs of a little green Peas. 
 
 In the Ihilofophical Tran fictions ( Nu?rt. 41.) there is a 
 Relation of a BULLET that was voided by the Penis 
 with the Urine. Communicated by Dr. Nath. Fairfax. 
 
 A STONE voided from the Perm or Urethra of a 
 Man who lived at Exeter. Given by Dr. Cotton. 
 It is of a whitiih colour, and foft fubftance, almoft like 
 Chalk. In length two Inches and a quarter. Of a Py¬ 
 ramidal figure 5 with an obtufe Cone. Near the Bafe an 
 Inch over. Where it hath a little Hole or Canale tending 
 towards the Cone. When it firft flipped out of the Blad¬ 
 der into the Penis , it was neither fo thick or big,nor fo hard, 
 but that, as it feems, the Urine preffing forward, forced a 
 hole for its palfage through the middle of it. Which be- 
 ing opened, the Stone continued fixed in the lame place, 
 viy. about an Inch behind the Gians Penis , for the fpace 
 of Thirteen Years. In which time,it gradually grew bigger, 
 till it came to the bulk above mention’d. And the laid 
 Hole or Canale being by the continual accretion of new 
 matter, at laft ftop d up, the Stone was then forced out of 
 the end of the Penis. 
 
 This Man, in all this time, fcarce felt any great Pains; 
 neither did he omit his ufual Recreations or his bulinels. 
 And once he took a Journey (on Horfebacff) from Exeter 
 
 C to 
 
IO 
 
 (a) Hiftor. 
 Cent. 5. 
 
 C b) BarI.Re- 
 rum geft. ii 
 Eraf. Hiit. 
 p. 223. 
 
 (c) Joh. de 
 Laet. 
 
 id) Aldro- 
 vandus a 
 Monfet de 
 Re Cibaria. 
 
 Of Quadrupede’s. Part I 
 
 to London , is about an hundred and thirty eight miles, 
 without any trouble. 
 
 Bartholine (a) mentions a Stone as big as a Walnut, of 
 an Ounce weight, which was voided at the upper end of 
 the Urethra , through which it there forced its way. 
 
 Of Humane Stones bred either in the Kidneys or Blad¬ 
 der, are prepared, The Cryftalline Salt , and the Elyxir. 
 Medicines hardly to be got, and at lail, to little pur- 
 pofe. 
 
 Of the Nature of the Stone, and of thofe Medicines 
 which are moil effectual to prevent the Generation of it, 
 fee fome experiments of the Authors in his Book of the 
 Lactation arifing from the mixture of Bodies. 
 
 SECT. II. 
 
 Of Quadrupede s. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 Of Viviparous Quadruped’s ; particularly, fuch as are 
 <&\dultifidous. 
 
 \ MONKEY. Cercopithecm: qu. Simla caudata. See 
 d K die Defcriptions and Figures of feveral kinds in Al- 
 drouandws , Marggravius , and others. Aldrovandus fpeaks 
 of fome as big as a MaftifF, having Tails five Cubits long. 
 In Brafile there is a fort of yellowifh Monkey, which 
 frnell like Musk. (l>) In which place they are numerous, 
 and in great variety, (c) As alfo in all the Mountainous 
 places of the Eafl Indies, (d) As they climb the Trees, if 
 in danger of falling,they fave themfelves not only with their 
 Feet, but their Tails,by wraping them round about the next 
 Bough. 1 lie Zygantes in Africa ellecm them good meat. 
 
 The SCELETON of a M ONK E Y. Where¬ 
 in die diftance betwixt the Os facrutn and the Ifchia , as it 
 is much greater, than 111 the Sceleton of a Woman, is 
 obfervable. Likely fo, in other Viviparous Quadrupede’s: 
 
 for 
 
Part I. Of Quadruyede s. 
 
 11 
 
 for which caufc, partly, they have all more eafie Labour 
 than a Woman. 
 
 The THROTTLE BONE of a Male AQJJL 
 Q_U I • which the People of Brafile call the King-Mon¬ 
 key 5 being far bigger than all the other kinds 5 described 
 by J. de Laet, (a) out of Leriws. 'Tis a Bone, fo called M Lib - 1 5 - 
 by the Englifh , with the help of which he makes a very c ’ 5 ‘ 
 great noife. For ’tis hollow, and very hard. Exceeding 
 thin, and fo half tranfparent. In length two Inches and 
 i In height an Inch and l In breadth almoft two Inches. 
 
 At one end, hath an Aperture an Inch wide every Way. On 
 the top furrow’d, fo as to refemble a Puppies Skull. 
 
 I fuppofe it is placed in the Throat, or at the upper 
 end of the Larynx, near the Epiglottis. Job. Lerim defcribing 
 of it, (b) falfly calls it a Membrane. W J- de 
 
 The S LOATH. Ignavm five Pigritia. An Animal ' 15 
 of fo How a motion, that he will be three or four days, 
 at lead:, in climbing up and coming down a Tree, {c) (c) Barmis 
 And to go the length of fifty Paces on plain ground, re- de 2 p ‘ e 2 b ' Braf ' 
 quires a whole day. (d) The Natives oi Brafile call him obchfius. 
 Haii , from his voice of a like found : which he com¬ 
 monly repeats about fix times together, defending, as if 
 one lhould fing, La,fol,fa,mi, re , ut. (<?) Whatsoever he COM* 
 takes hold of, he doth it fo ftrongly ( or rather Jlifly ) as 
 fometimes to fleep fecurely while he hangs at it. (/) See r/j Guild* 
 his Defcription in Cluftus, Marggraviies, Pifo , and others. Plfa 
 They all feem to omit the length of his fore feet, which is 
 almoft double to that of his hinder. 
 
 From the ihag of his Body, the fhape of his Legs, his 
 having little or no Tail, the flownefs of his gate, and his 
 climbing up of Trees, as little Bears are us’d to do, he feems 
 to come near the Bear-kind: from which he chiefly differs, 
 
 In having but three Claws upon a foot. He breedeth prin¬ 
 cipally in Florida and Brafile. 
 
 Two BLACK-BEAR CUBS. The Defcription 
 of the Bear, fee in Aldrovandus, Gefner, Isrc. The Ana¬ 
 tomy, in the Philofophical Tranfaliions , N. gp. They breed 
 molt in Nova Zevibla , and other of the more Northerly 
 Countries. In Norway they hunt him, and fo in Helvetia ^ .. 
 
 and Mufcovy , and if he be fat, they account him a delicate af R^ciba- 
 
 Dilh. (g) 
 
 C 2 
 
Of Quadrupeds' s. 
 
 1 2 
 
 Part I. 
 
 Tis obferved by Aldrovandm, That a Bear hath Hair 
 on both the Eye-lids, as a Man, which other Quadrupedes 
 have not. Natalis Comes (cited by the fame Author) com¬ 
 paring his parts with thofe of a Man, reckons his Claws 
 among them, which are much more like to thofe of a 
 Lion. So eafie it is, to drive on the companion too far, 
 to make it good. 
 
 The FOOT of a white Groenland BEAR, which 
 (a )Quoted is half a foot broad. Vadianus (a) faw a Bear-skin five 
 y GeJ " er ’ feet long, and broader than a Bulls Hide. The Bear to 
 which tb s Foot did belong, might be as big. 
 
 A LEOPARDS SKIN. Tis a yard broad. From 
 the Snout to the hinder end of the Tail near three yards. 
 The Tail a yard. See the Defcription of the Animal in AT 
 drovandus , iSc. 
 
 II they are well compar’d, he is every way, in lhape, 
 like a Cat: his Head, Teeth, Tongue, Feet, Claws, Tail, all 
 like a Cats. His actions alfo like a Cats 5 he boxes with 
 his fore-feet, as a Cat doth her liitlins 5 Leaps at the Prey, 
 as a Cat at a Moufe 5 and will alfo fpit much after the fame 
 manner. So that they feem to differ, juft as a Kite doth 
 from an Eagle. 
 
 The Leopard (and all of this kind) as he goes, al¬ 
 ways keeps the Claws of his fore-feet turned up from the 
 ground, and fhcath’d as it were in the Skin of his Toes, 
 whereby lie preferves them (harp for Rapine, extending 
 them only, when he leaps at the Prey. See fomewhat to 
 this purpofe in Gefner, out of Pliny. 
 
 (b) Aldro- He is begotten by a Lion, upon a Panther , (b) which 
 
 vandus. hath her name from her being to fierce. Yet in Tart ary 
 
 they keep Leopards tame, and breed them up for hunting 
 of Deer , and other Beafts; efpecially for the Great Cham’s 
 
 (c ) Gefner ufe. (c) They are moil numerous in Africa and Syria. 
 
 Zlvencm. The SKULL of a young TIGER. Both as to the 
 
 Teeth , and otherwife it well refembles that of a Cat. Except 
 that in the room of theTranfvcrs Suture in a Cat, there is one 
 in the figure of a great Y 5 fo wonderfully clofe and firm, as 
 theBones feem to be continuous.Except alfo the outward Si- 
 nus s of the lower Jaw,where the Mufculi Temporales and the 
 Manforiiprimi are inferted: as being,rateably, much deeper 
 than in a Cats and fo better fitted to receive thofe Mufcules 
 which are here alfo much more robuft. Two 
 
*3 
 
 Part I. Of Quadrupede s. 
 
 Two CLAVICULAR Teeth or Tusks of a Tiger. 
 A little crooked like thofe of a Dog or Cat. Their exerted 
 part very white. By the bow, almoft five Inches long. 
 From the top of their Root, or from the feat of the Gooms, 
 to their apex near two Inches. An Inch over, and two 
 and i about. The Animal to which they belonged, was 
 kill’d m Java major , and weighed 435 pounds. A great 
 weight, confidermg, that not feeding on Grafs, but Flefh 
 only, they have no great Belly. Aldrovandus faith, He 
 faw the Skin of one above five foot long, and therefore 
 gucifes the Animal was almoft as big as a Horfe. Which 
 this alfo may well be thought to have match’d. 
 
 One ot the fore-C LAWS of the fame TIGER. 
 ’Tis fomewhat white and half trahfparant, very flat, fharp 
 pointed, and extreamly hooked 5 every way in colour and 
 Rape like the Claw of a Cat. At the Ba/is, Tis an Inch 
 broad, and meafur’d by the bow, ’tis two Inches and I 
 long. Note, That as the Bone, whereon the Claw is fet, 
 receives it into a little Fovea or Groove 5 fo is the Bone, 
 again, by a double Epighyfis , inferted into the Claw : by 
 which means it is more llrongly and immovably contained 
 in its place, for the furer grafping of the Prey. 
 
 Two other leffer C L A W S of a TIG E R. 
 
 The Tiger excels in fwiftnefs, from whence he hath 
 his Arabic Name, as well as the River call’d Tigris. As 
 alfo in Fiercenefs: and yet in fondnefs and love to her 
 Cubs 5 of which fee divers inftances in Gefjier. An Im- 
 preftlon which Nature hath ftampt upon all Creatures, to 
 fecure die fucccftion of Generation. They abound in 
 Mexico, Brafile, and in the Eaft Indies. 
 
 A Great STONE taken out of a Dogs Bladder. 
 Given by the moll Reverend Seth Lord Bifhop of Sarum. 
 The figure hereof is Oval, but flat on both fides. ’Tis above 
 an Inch and ^ thick, two Inches and 1 over, and above 
 three Inches long. Of a limy or chalky colour, and all 
 over rough. 
 
 Note, that nitrous fpirits dropped here upon, fcarce 
 produce any ebullition $ although dropped on the redifh 
 Stones, bred in a mans bladder, it produceth a great one. 
 Of a like. Stone bred in a Dogs bladder, fee a Relation in 
 the Phil. Tranf N. 84. Taken out of the Roman Journal 
 de Letterati. The 
 
Of Oyadrupede s. 
 
 ART 
 
 I. 
 
 (a) Lib. 1 6, 
 c. 15 
 
 (b) Barlsi 
 Res Brafil. 
 p. 223. 
 
 CO Ibid. 
 
 (d) Chin, 
 llluftt. 
 
 (e) Fab.Co- 
 lum. lib. de 
 Aquat. & 
 Terrell. 
 
 Cf) Solium 
 and others 
 quoted by 
 Bochart. 
 
 The GREAT TAMANDUA; by the People of 
 Bra file,Tamandua-guacu 5 by the Englijh ,the Great Ant-Bear- 
 Becaufe he feeds upon Ants, and is lhagg’d, and hinder¬ 
 footed almoft like a Bear. He hath alfo a very long and 
 lharp Snout, a fender Tongue, and extenfible to a great 
 length, alfo a long and bruihy Tail: which are his prin¬ 
 cipal Characters. See him defcnbed in John, de Laet, out 
 ol Lenus, in Guliel.Pifo, Marggravius, and others. Abba- 
 ’■ vtUanus, quoted alfo by Job. de Laet, (a) hath given a 
 different Defcnption 5 and probably a falfe one. 
 
 He catcheth Ants by fcratchingopen their fubterraneal 
 Hives, and then thrufting his Tongue into them 5 which 
 after awhile, he draws back into his mouth laden with 
 the Prey, (b) He ufeth his Tail for a Cover, which, like a 
 Squirrel, he fometimes fpreads over his whole body U) 
 
 The SKULL of the RIVER-HORSE or HIP¬ 
 POPOTAMUS. If we refpect his Figure, he were more 
 properly called BUPOT AM US, or RIVER-OXE. 
 And accordingly the Germans rightly call him Wajjer- 
 Ochb an d the Italians at Confiantinople B OMAR IN 
 The fame Animal, which in the Book of Job is called 
 BEHEMOTH-, as is folidly proved by Bochart, in Ins 
 Hierozoicon. He is almoft every where defcnbed very 
 falflv. Arijlotle falfly gives him a Maine, like that of a 
 Horfe : deluded, Pis likely, by the Name, lurcher (d) 
 falfly gives him all Horfe Teeth. In the Mufieum Roma¬ 
 nian, he is defcnbed with double Hoofs like an Ox, and 
 pictured with four or five Claws like a Bear neither truly. 
 Bellonius, who faw one alive, but yet very young, was 
 thehrff that hath given any tollerable Defcnption of him. 
 Yet as to the Teeth, he is miftaken, comparing them all to 
 thofe of a Horfe: probably becaufe they were not yet 
 grown, (e) But Columna, who alfo faw one, and that full 
 grown, hath given a mod accurate Defcnption hereof, 
 his principal Characters being thefe3 Four yards and half 
 long, about two yards high, a yard and half broad. Short 
 C S, fofo ven -h°°fed 3 yet not with two, but four Hoofs. 
 Tailed like a Tortoife. (Or like a Hog, (f) which he alfo 
 twills in the finae manner) Head almoft like an Ox. His 
 Chaps wide. His Eyes Email. His fore Teeth prodigioufly 
 great, being forne of them i a foot round about, above i 
 
 of 
 
P A R T I. 
 
 Of Qmdmfede s. 
 
 of a foot long 5 as is evident in the Skull here preferved 5 
 and other particulars mention'd by Columna in his copious 
 Defcription hereof. 
 
 The great prominency of the Os Jugule is alio obfer- 
 vable; as being thereby fitted for the reception of marve¬ 
 lous great and ftrong Mufcules for the drawing of his 
 Chaps together. 
 
 Rings made of his Teeth , are believed to be very ef¬ 
 fectual againft the Cramp, (a) Thofc that fell Artificial (*) Chari. 
 Teeth , ufually make them of the long Teeth of this Am- 0n ‘ ZocI ‘ 
 mal, as being fuppofed the belt for this purpofe. 
 
 His Teeth, fays Columna , arefo hard, that being {truck 
 againft Steel, produce fparks of fire. And thence concludes 
 it probable, That this Animal, by ftnking his Teeth one 
 againft another, in the night time, might produce the like, 
 and fo feem, as it were, to vomit or breath out fire 5 a 
 thing attributed to him by the Ancients. But the error of 
 this Conjecture is double : Firft in his not confidenng, That 
 the fire (could any be produced by ftnking Steel againft 
 thefe Teeth) would be ltruck not out of the Teeth, but 
 out of the Steel. And next, In that, in truth, no fire can 
 be produced by either ftrikingof thefe Teeth one againft 
 another, or againft Steel it felf 5 as I have try’d. 
 
 He is found in the Rivers Nile and Bamboth ; ( b ) as alfo 
 near the Indian 5 and in Zaire , the great River of Congo, (c ) Strabo and 
 
 Several Teeth, both of the tipper and nether Jaw of the ^"^ u ' f Scp „ 
 Hipopotamm. Some fo big,that they feem to have belonged tai. up, & 
 to a much bigger Skull, than this here. Lmfchot - 
 
 A PISLE faid to be that of the HIP P O P O T A M U S. 2 ° 4 ’ 
 
 It feems to be only that part of the Pifle which he exerts. 
 
 P Tis in length, above a foot. The Gians even now it is dry, 
 above feven Inches about. The other end very flender. 
 
 The fore-TOOTH of a BEVIR, fo called from 
 EIB E R, by a tranfpofition of Letters. ’Tis three Inches 
 and half long, with the Root, or that part which is fixed 
 in the Chap. Near half Inch broad. A little crooked, 
 and diftorted or writhen. Triangular, the inner Angle 
 more obtufe. Its end fharpen’d very obliquely, after the 
 manner of a Chi gel. So that thefe Teeth may properly 
 be called DENTES SCALPRARII: wherewith 
 this Animal, as with fo many ftrong Chizels, pairs off the 
 Barques of Trees for his ufe. The 
 
Of Quadrupede s. Part I, 
 
 i 
 
 The TAIL of a C A S T OII or B E VI R. Of 
 a peculiar ihape, being very broad and flat , hke 
 an Apothecaries Spatula, but much bigger, being ten 
 Incites long, and five broad. Almoft bald, though the 
 Beaft very hairy 5 and cancellated with fome refentblance 
 to the Scales of Fijhes. Nature having hereby, asw ell as 
 in other refpeccs, marked him for an Amphibious Animal. 
 mtofpom- ^* e Scythians (a) eat the Tail of a Caftor , as a dainty, being 
 ponius Sabi- fometimes as iat as bacon. 
 
 nus - The PIS L E-B O N E of a C A S T O R. So I find it 
 infcrib’d. ’Tis very fmooth and folid. In length four 
 Inches and I. Chonical, about i Inch over at one end, 
 
 I Inch at the other. At both ends inflected like the let¬ 
 ter S. 
 
 Sec the Defcription of the Animal in Gefner, , and others. 
 His parts molt remarkable, are thofe now deferibed, and 
 the Caftor-Bag. His Anatomy fee in the Philofophical 
 Tranfafions, N. \y. Many ftrange Stories of his Inge¬ 
 nuity in Aldrovandus,Womiius, and others. He breeds in 
 Italy, France, and other places: but our belt Caflor is from 
 thofe of Ru/fia. The great and principal ufe whereof 
 inwardly, is in Hyfterical and Comatofe Cafes. 
 
 An OTTER. Lutra. See him deferib’d m Aldravan- 
 dus, istc. Tite Toes of his hinder feet, for the better fwim- 
 ming, are joyn’d together with a Membrane, as in the 
 Bevir. From which he differs principally m his Teeth, 
 which are canine 5 and in his Tail, which is feline, ora 
 long Taper. So that he may not be unfitly called Puto- 
 reus aquaticus, or the Water Polecat. He makes himfelf 
 burrows on the water fide, as a Bevir. Is fometimes 
 (b) Gefner tamed, (b) and taught, by nimbly furrounding the Fillies, 
 Magnus, to drive them into the Net. In Scandinaria they will 
 bring the Fifties into the very Kitchen to the Cook, See 
 fome Obfervations of this Animal in the Philof. Tranf 
 A". 124. He breeds every where. 
 
 The QJJILLS of a PORCUPINE. Tela Hiftricis. 
 The Animal is deferibed by Aldrovandus, and others 5 but 
 the Quills not fo fully. They are very fmooth, and thick 
 as a Goofe-quill. With black and whitifh portions alter¬ 
 nately from end to end. Their Root 1 of an Inch long. 
 Their Point not round, but flat and two-edg’d, like that 
 
 i 
 
 of 
 
 
Part I, Of Quadrupeds s. 
 
 1 7 
 
 of a Sword,or of fome Needles.So that they both bore with 
 their Point, and cut with their edges at the fame inftant, 
 whereby they wound the more furely. 
 
 The Porcupine erects his Quills, at his pleafure, as a Pea¬ 
 cock. doth Ins Tail. And, partly by ftretching his Skin, (a ) ( a ) Gefner 
 ihoots them at his purfuing Enemy. It may alfo be noted, out f Soh ' 
 That being rooted fo little a way in the Skin (nothing near 
 fo deeply as the Quills of Fowls) they are the more eafily 
 ejaculated. They breed in India, Africa, and Ethiopia. 
 
 An HEDGHOG, or Urchan. Echinus , Herinaceus. 
 
 See him defcrib’d in Aldrovandus. Anatomiz’d in Bartho- 
 line’s APia Medic a. The Urchan, though a Viviparous Ani¬ 
 mal, yet hath hisTefticles lying within his Body, as in the ? . 
 Oviparous kind. ( b) In the Illand Maraguan , m the North Animate, f. 
 of Bra file , are fome Urchans very great, almoft as big as 
 Boars. ( c) He makes his Bury with two Entries, to the rGJoh.de 
 North and South 3 and according to the weather and 
 feafon, keeps the one ftopt up, the other open, (d) The nusj lib. id. 
 Liver, Stomach, and fat of this Animal are fometimes me- £/ ; 5 ‘ Ge(her 
 dically ufed. out of Piu- 
 
 The GREAT SHELL’D HEDGHOG. By “ ch - 
 the Natives of Brafile, called TATU3 By the Spaniards, 
 ARMADILLO3 as Names common to the feveral 
 fpecies. And by Latin Authors, Echinus Braftlienfis. This 
 once belonged to the Duke of Holjlein. See the Defcription 
 of this Species in Clufius, and others. 
 
 Thofe Creatures which are cover’d with Feathers, Scales, 
 or Shell, faith Ariflotle , (e) have no Auricula or outward W Hiftor. ^ 
 Ear. So that he never faw this Animal 5 nor many others c , n ™.' ' 
 now known, and fome which he ventures to dcfcribe 3 
 as appears by thofe general AlTertions, whereof he is too 
 often guilty. 
 
 He gathers himfelf up, Head, Feet and Tail, within his 
 Shell, as round as a ball: as Pifo hath alfo pictur’d him. 
 
 (/) And this he doth, not only when purfued, but alfo CyHifi. 1.3. 
 when he Beeps. Unlefs he be ty’d, he will dig out his °* 3 ' 
 way under the very walls of a houfe. (g) For it is Ins na- Cg) Muf. 
 ture to dig himfelf Buries, as the Coney doth 3 which he Scptal 
 doth with very great celerity, (h) OQ Clufius. 
 
 For the tendernefs, whitenefs and delicacy of his Flefh, (i) Earteus 
 he is referved for Fealfs3 (i) and therein prefer’d before de Rebus 
 
 D dther Braf -P- 222 - 
 
i8 
 
 Of Quadruped's. 
 
 M Guil. 
 Pifo. 
 
 (i) P. 
 
 out of Franc. 
 
 Ximincs. 
 
 _ Part I. 
 
 either Conies or fucking-Pigs. (a) The Plates of his Shell 
 being powder’d and given in a draught of the Decodtion 
 ol Sage in the quantity of 3 i, provoketh fweat 5 and are 
 a Angular remedy agaijift the Lues Venerea , faith Barlxus 
 (b) \t it provoketh fweat, it may be ufed to good pur - 
 pofes, whether it cureth that Difeafe, or no 
 
 The PIGHEADED ARMADILLO. Tatu P or - 
 ciniu. .Nierembergim hath defenbed this Species , but vet 
 imperfectly. The belt of any Wormius 5 who alfo omiteth 
 iome particulars, and in others is miltaken. 
 
 , Brom ,1IS Snout-end to Jiis Tail, about ten Inches and 
 T bein S younger and Idler than that of Wormius • His 
 Body four Inches over. His Head an Inch and i, and three 
 Inches long. The end of his Nofe fcarce half an Inch 
 over, lhaped like that of aPig 5 from whence I have taken 
 leave to name it. His Ears not above '> of an Inch diitant 
 one from the other. His fore-foot two Inches and s lone- 
 above I Inch over. On which he hath four Toes- the' 
 two foremolt of which are an Inch long, the other two ’ 
 aii Inch The hinder-foot of equal length, but thicker. 
 On which there are live Toes 5 the three foremoll, and 
 thickell whereof are an Inch long, the other two 1 an Inch. 
 His I ail about i1 Inches long, at the Buttocks an Inch 
 
 Thread VLT ’ ** “ C ^ ^ fma11 as a Shm kers waxed 
 
 n H !i' Back > Sldcs ’ Legs, and Tail, are all cover’d with 
 a fhelly Armour. His Head, with Shells, Scales for the 
 moll part, five and fix angled. His Shoulders, with round 
 ones, and Idler, about f of an Inch over 5 betwixt which 
 other Idler ones are interjected. The Back-piece confilkth 
 of about ten fhell Plates, joyned together by the mediation 
 of as many parallel Skins. Every Plate is about * Inch 
 broad, curioully compofed of fmall triangular or wedge- 
 like pieces, indented one againft another, and pounced or 
 pricked all along their edges. His Buttocks adorned in the 
 lame manner as his Shoulders. His Shell ending next his 
 1 ail, with an Elipfis. The fore-part of his Tail is encom- 
 palsd with fhelly Rings, in number eleven 5 compofed not 
 o tiiangular, but hxangl’d and fquare pieces. The other 
 lalt with Scales fet together, as on his Head. His nether 
 I uttocks, Belly, Breaft, Neck, and Ears are all naked. His 
 
 Eyes 
 
i 9 
 
 Part I. Of Quadrupede s. 
 
 Eyes black, round, and very little; refemblmg a black 
 Bead of the bignefs a Vetch. His Grinders in each 
 Chap about twelve. More properly Tunfores; becaufe 
 they are level and fmooth on the top. No thicker than a 
 great Needle. Befides thefe Teeth, I find none. 
 
 By the help of the aforefaid Plates, and parallel Skins toge¬ 
 ther with the Mufcules that lie under them, this Animal is 
 able, like the Hedge-Hog, to gether up himfelf into a round 
 ball. For the better performance of which action. Nature 
 hath alfo left his Throath,Neck,Bread and Belly naked. As 
 alfo his Ears,that he may turn them more expeditely for the 
 reception of founds from every quarter. His Eyes,like thofe 
 of a Mole, very little, as moil fuitable to a Creature living 
 for the molt part in the dark, and under ground. His 
 hinder feet, like a Conies, more ftrong , for the better 
 working of his Buries. 
 
 Pifo ( a) maketh the action of conglobation 
 this fpecies , but very falfly, as will appear by tin 
 Defcription. 
 
 The WEESLE-HEADED ARMADILLO. 
 Tatu Muftelinm. I find this fpecies no where defcrib’d. 
 For that Defcription of a third fpecies in Clufms , was taken 
 only from forne Picture, no way anfwering to the Animal 
 before us. 
 
 His Head in figure almofl like a Weejles , whence I take 
 leave for his Name. ’Tis three Inches and 4 long 5 his 
 Forehead two Inches and * broad, and very flat 5 the end 
 of his Nofe i Inch. His Eyes fmall, * of an Inch long. 
 His Ears two Inches diftant one from another 5 an Inch 
 long. His Body or Trunk 11 Inches long, about fix 
 broad. His Tail 51 long 5 near the Buttocks an Inch and 
 ’ over , the extremity I of an Inch. His fore-Leg two 
 Inches and I long, i broad. On which there are five Toes 5 
 whereof the three foremoft are an Inch long, the other 
 two half an Inch : all with Claws the I of ay Inch. On his 
 hinder foot (which is fomewhat bigger) he hath alfo five 
 Toes, as in the foremoft. 
 
 His Head, Back, Sides, Legs, and Tail are cover d with a 
 fhclly Armour. His Head-piece, as alfo the fhells on his 
 Legs, are compofed of roundifh Seals, a ? of an Inch over. 
 His Neck-piece is a Angle Plate,compofed of little pieces, a? 
 
 D 2 of 
 
 peculiar to W Hi(i.i. 3 . 
 Hollowing -3 ' 
 
20 
 
 Of Ouadrupeder. Part I. 
 
 of an Inch fquare. His Shoulder-piece confifteth of feveral 
 Ranks or Rows of fuch like fquare pieces, but not fet toge¬ 
 ther by any Articulation, or movable Conjunction. His 
 Back-piece,reaching alfo over his Buttocks to hisTaifis com- 
 pofed of feveral Plates, in number eighteen, moveably 
 ' joyned together by as many intermediate Skins. The fore- 
 mod and greated of thefe Plates, confift of fquare pieces I 
 Inch long, and a i broad. The hindermod, of fquare and 
 round ones together. The extream part of the Shell next 
 the Tail, is Parabolick. The fore part of the Tail is fur- 
 rounded with fix Rings; confiding of little fquare piece's. 
 The other half with Seals. His Bread, Belly, and Ears all 
 naked 5 for the fame purpofes, as in the former. 
 
 This Species, by the greater number of Plates, feemeth 
 able to draw, elpecially his hinder parts, more roundly in¬ 
 ward, than the other. 
 
 The FLYINGS QJJIR E L, qu. Sciurel , from Sciu- 
 rm. Not deferibed, unlefs by Scciliger. The colour 
 of his Body a dark grey. Of his Tail, almod that of draw. 
 Lelfer than the common Squirel, not above five Inches and 
 i from his Nofe end to his Buttocks. His Skin,from his Sides, 
 Thighs and Legs (almolf as the wings of a Bat) is dretched 
 out about an Inch in breadth, or more or lefs at his plea- 
 furc: by means whereof he leaps further, and alights the 
 more fa'fely; and is therefore called The flying Squirel. In 
 other refpetts, like the European kind. It was fent from 
 Virginia , its breeding place. 
 
 He feems to be the fame Animal which Scaliger de- 
 fenbes under the Name of the Flying Cat. Exercit. 217. 
 
 S- 9 - 
 
 The Squirel, when he hath a mind to crofs any water 
 (a) Gcfner, f° r a good Nut-Tree, picks out, and fits on fome light 
 out of the piece of Barque for a Boat, and erecting his Tail for a Sail, 
 Off' 1 ' he makes his Voyage. M 
 
 Natura Pie- 
 rum i out of 
 Vincentius, 
 
 Beluacenfis, 
 and Olaus 
 
Part!. Of Quadruped's. 
 
 21 
 
 CHAP. H. 
 
 OfVIVlTAROVS QV ADRZJP ED’S, 
 ‘Particularly fuch as are RIF IDOVS and 
 SO LIT) IP EDO V S. 
 
 THeLEG of a GREENLAND ST AG. Ins 
 fcarce four Inches long. Nor above I d of an Inch 
 over. Cover’d all over with very jfhort hair, of the ordi¬ 
 nary ruffet or reddilh brown colour. The hoofs fomewhat 
 black, I inch long, I broad, and i high. Given bv 
 Mr. Palmer. 
 
 The BONES of a STAGS heart. About an inch 
 and I long, and I broad. Very thin, but yet hard and folid. 
 
 They feem to be a help for the ltrongcr and more fteady 
 motion of the Mufcules of the heart. Butchers often find 
 the like in the heart of an Ox; which are eafily fubftituted 
 for the former : and I would as foon trutf the one, as the 
 other. 
 
 A STAGS TEARS. A thicken’d Excretion from 
 the inward Angle of his Eye. In colour and confidence 
 almoft like to Mirrh 5 or Ear-wax that has been long 
 harden d in the Ear. Of a ftrong ihnking fmell, like that 
 of the Animal’s fweat. They are generally affirmed 
 to be fudorifick, and of an Alexipharmick nature. And 
 if they were as eafie to be had, as fbme Womens, it were 
 worth the trying. 
 
 They are quite a different thing from that little round 
 and hard Bone, which Scaliger defcnbes (a ") by the Name ^ Excrc ' 
 of Lachryma Cervina , and which he affirms to grow in the 
 great Corner of a Stags Eye to the Bone, after an hundred 
 years old. I doubt a ftranger fight, than the Lucius Secu- 
 Erk ; fuch as no man (but himfelf) everfaw, or fhall 
 fee. 
 
 The MUSK DEER. Cap-eolus Mofchi. Gefner 
 reckoning up the Names, tells us. That the Englijh call 
 him a Mus\ Cat. But is better at other Languages. 
 
 He breeds in C hina , and the Eajt bidies. Not ill pictur’d 
 
 in 
 
Part L 
 
 Of Quadruped's. 
 
 in Calceolarims Mufeeum. That m Kir cher’s China Illuflrata 
 faulty as to the Snout and Feet. That of Jolnifton ab- 
 furd. Almoft every where worfe defcrib’d. That he is 
 a two-horn d Animal , fays Aldrovandus, all agree , except 
 Simeon Sethi, who faith he hath but one. Neither of which 
 is true. The Defcnption hkewife given by Scaliger, and 
 out of him by Chiocco in Calceolarias’ s Mufaeum is fiilfe, and 
 very defective. The beft I find is amongft the German 
 Tranfatitions. To which I would have refer’d the Rea¬ 
 der, but that comparing it with That I had drawn up before 
 I met with it, I fee fome differences. 
 
 From hisNofe end to his Tail, a yard and ' a foot long. 
 His Head above v a foot. His Necks of a yard. His Fore¬ 
 head three inches broad. His Nofe end fcarce f of an inch, 
 being very lharp, like that of a Grey-Hound. His Ears 
 like a Coneys , about three inches long, and erect. As alfo 
 his Tail or Scut, which exceeds not two inches. His fore- 
 Leg a foot and two inches long, taking in Foot and Thigh. 
 Near an inch over : the Foot deeply cloven 5 with two 
 fore-Hoofs, an inch and ? long, each * of an inch over ; and 
 two Heels, almoft as big, and therefore confpicuous. His 
 hinder feet are here wanting. 
 
 His hair on his Head and Legs about ; inch long, and 
 rateably fmall. On his Belly an inch and ' long, and fome- 
 what thicker. On his Back and Buttocks tjiree inches long: 
 thicker in proportion, than in any other Animal, except 
 perhaps fome of the Deer kind, fc. three or four times as 
 thick as Hogs Bnftles: confuting of brown and white porti¬ 
 ons alternately from the Root to the top.On the Head and 
 Legs, brown; On the Belly and under the Skut,whitifh. As 
 it were fnzled, efpecially on the Back and Belly,by a kind of 
 undulation. Softer than in molt Animals, and exceeding 
 light and rare. For being fplit, and view’d with a Glafs, 
 they appear to be made tip of little Bladders, like thofe in 
 the Plume or Stalk of a Quill: fo that it is a thing betwixt 
 a common Hair and a Quill. On each fide his lower 
 Chap, almoft under the corners of his mouth, there is a 
 peculiar Tuft (about ? of an inch long) of fhort, thick and 
 hard hairs, or rather Briftles; of equal length, as in a ferub- 
 ing-Brufh. 
 
 The Musk Bladder or Bag is about three inches long, 
 
 two 
 
 a»v 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Quadrupedes. 
 
 23 
 
 tw° over, and {Veiling out from his Belly one and i 
 Standing before, his Groin about as much.' I find it cut 
 open, whereby the obfervation of its natural Aper- 
 
 vented W1ICh UPP ° fe “ hath as thc Caftor-Bag) is pre- 
 
 He hath 2 6 Teeth. In his lower Chap, fix teen 3 of which 
 there are eight little Outers before 5 behind, four Grinders 
 on each fide, rugged and continuous. As many like Grin¬ 
 ders in the upper Jaw. About an inch and I from the 
 Nofe end, in the fame Jaw, on each fide a Tusk, two 
 1 aches and s long, hooked downward, and backward, and 
 ending in a point. Not round, but Bat, the breadth off 
 an inch 5 thin, and having a {harp edge behind: fo as 
 
 HomI n0t UnGt y bC lkm ’ d CO aSlthc - There are no 
 
 The Han of this Animal, by its foftnefs and rarity, are 
 mgular contrivance of Nature to keep him warm! For 
 ‘ Garments, the fofter and rarer they are, (cat. par) they 
 
 is alfoXT er 'ft ¥ r rt f C Cmfc ’ tbc Hair °n 4 is Bac{ 
 
 f ° r the better P rotcctl °n of the Spi- 
 nalts Medulla His two Tusks, by the Figure, appear to 
 
 ferve for fighting partly, and partly for feeding - by the 
 help whereof he is able either to flub up edible loot? out 
 
 thefT or to tear °ff the Barques, or break down 
 
 he Boughs of Trees. By the help of his great Ears, he hears 
 his approaching enemy the further off, to make his flight 
 So alfo the Hare, being a fearful Animal, hath thelike 
 
 foie him m " h ™ T lth sreat heels ’ borh to en- 
 
 ablehim to make the greater leaps, and to light alfo upon 
 
 HsFeet the more fafely, for by their means? the forceof 
 
 ■his weight is gradually broken. 
 
 thefefwn S W. about this Animal, are principally (•) Exerci 
 
 Taw andm ^ l y ,n S his Tusk grow out ofL „ 
 
 £ m ’,X C f n S, tlK Musk . A poftemated Blood For 
 
 world „„t ‘ 
 
 on all flT aS Jt b P ain> tbat tbe Musk was here inclofed 
 Z pu 5 pofe. m “ £ntirC ^ ° r BaSmade b T nature for 
 The VELVET HORNES of a Greenland Roe- 
 
 Buck- 
 
24 
 
 Of Quadruped’s 
 
 Part I. 
 
 Ruck, They are a yard high, with numerous, and round 
 Branches. Covered all over with an afhcolour’d hair, a 
 i of an inch long, and handing upright, as the Pile of 
 Velvet. 
 
 The HORNES of an Indian Roe-Buck .; which the 
 people of Brafile call Cuguacu-apara. See the Defcnption 
 of the Animal in Marggrarim. His Picture in Johnflon $ but 
 under the name of the Capreolm Marinus. 
 
 The HORNES of a Roe-Deer of Greenland. They 
 are very little more than an inch long, and half an inch 
 over. They are pointed at the top, and knobed or tube¬ 
 rous at the bottom. 
 
 (a) Joh. de Deer in New Mexico fo big, ( a ) that they breed them up 
 ^hT'chfim- to draw with,as we do with Oxen and Horfes. So ftrangely 
 tionof Aifon- does the Climat alter the Bulk ot Lome Animals. Dear, 
 mvidcs. Ec ~ an d they only, may be fuppos’d to calf their horns, becaufe 
 
 they have neither a long Tail, as Oxen ; nor fo long hair 
 as a Goat or a Ram; by either of which is made a conti¬ 
 nual confumption of the fame matter, which in Deer 
 goes into the horns. The horns of Deer, are of all other 
 thefulleft of Volatile Salt. Which may lead us to con¬ 
 jecture of the like nature of his flefh, and blood 5 and the 
 caufe of his great falacity. 
 
 The ROCK-DOE. Ibex foemina. A kind of wild 
 Goat. See the Defcription of Pliny , and Bellonius. She 
 breeds chiefly upon the Alps. A Creature of admirable 
 fwiftnefs. And may probably be that very Species men- 
 
 (b) Chap, tion d in the Book of Job. [b) Her horns grow fometimes fo 
 3i> ' far backward, as to reach over her Buttocks. 
 
 The H'ORNES ofthe WREATHED-Horn- 
 Goat, or Antilope of Barbary , called Capra Strepjicerotes, and 
 GazeIIa. See the Defcription of the Animal in Wormius. 
 Thefe Hornes are about a foot and Hong. Butin S ep ta¬ 
 li us s Mufd’um there is one pair faid to be above a yard in 
 length. They are twifted into a kind of fpiral fhape, but 
 the Rings which feem to be fpiral, are really circular. 
 
 The BONE of the ANTILOPES HORN; 
 which is folid, and alfo fpiral or twifted, but without Rings. 
 Given by Henry Whittier Efq 5 . 
 
 The HORNES ofthe SYRIAN GOAT; 
 called Capra Mambrina 1. Syriaca being. Mambre, a Moun¬ 
 tain 
 
2 5 
 
 Part I. Of Quadruped's. 
 
 tain near Hebron ; where about, chiefly, this Goat breeds. 
 
 (a) See Gefners Defcription of him. And compare it with ItivPara- 
 the Picture he gives,which feenaeth to be the truer,as to the 'yp° m - 
 homes. His Ears are fo long, (b) as to reach almoft to the (b) Gefe 
 ground. A fufficient fupplement for the ihortnefs of his ibid ’ 
 homes: being not above two inches and t long, and a little 
 crooked backward, almolt like a Dogs Tooth. 
 
 The HORNES of a DOG-GOAT. I find them 
 infcribed, The homes of a Dog. Johnflon giveth the 
 figure of the Animal, without any Defcription. According 
 to that figure, he is headed like a Dog, and of the bignefs 
 of a Tumbler. But footed, and horned like a Goat. To 
 whofe alfo the homes here preferved are like in colour, and 
 fomewhat near in Rape: but nothing near fo big 5 being not 
 much above two inches long. Not only the homes them- 
 felves, but alfo the bones whereon they hand, are hollow to 
 the top. They were fent from a certain Kingdom near 
 China. 
 
 The HORNES of a HARE; fo I find them in¬ 
 ferred. Although it is probable, that they are the homes 
 of a frnall land of German Deer. Yet Wormius faith, There 
 are horned-Hares in Saxony. See alfo Gefner of the fame. 
 
 Johnflon gives the Picture, without a Defcripton. This 
 pair, once belonged to the Prince Elector of Saxony , 
 
 A pair of very great Englijh Rams HORNES. 
 
 The HORNES of a Spanijh- Ram. In length, I of 
 a yard. The Tips a yard diftant. Somewhat flat, wrin¬ 
 kled, and twilled, as thofe of an ordinary Ram. 
 
 The HORNES of a MUSCOVY-Ram. I meet 
 no where with the Defcription of the Animal, or thefe 
 Hornes. He feenaeth to be of kin to the Hircus Cotilar- 
 diem, which Johnflon hath pictur’d. Thefe homes are black : 
 and fomewhat wrinkled. Confifl of four Branches : The 
 two greater whereof are a foot long, and as thick as an 
 ordinary Rams, very llrait, Handing in the form of the 
 letter V, or like the legs of a pair of Compafles, and a 
 little wnthen. The two lefler are feven inches long, not 
 fo thick, winding downward, and inward one towards 
 another, in the form of two half Moons. The points of 
 all four very blunt. 
 
 A very great HORN of the ROCK-BUCK, or 
 
 E of 
 
26 
 
 Part I. 
 
 Of Quadruped's. 
 
 of the Ibexmas. In lhape almoit like a bended Crofs- 
 bow. By the firing, l of a yard long; but by the 
 bow , about an Eln. It was formerly tipp'd with 
 filver, and kept in a Gentlemans houfe, and fhew’d (to 
 fome fpecial Friends) for the Claw of a Griffin. See the 
 figure hereof in Mofcardm s Mufaum. 
 
 The HORNES of a WILD BULL; called Bu- 
 balus five Buff aim. They are broad at the Roots, but 
 grow very fharp of a fudden; and bended inwards about 
 the middle ; fo that the Tips are not above two inches 
 diflant. See the Animal defcrib’d in Bellonim , and others. 
 He is much bigger than the European Bull. This kind 
 breeds mod in Afia. But they are alfo kept in Italy, in 
 their Cities. In India they fell the Milk of the Female about 
 the ftreets, as they do Cows Milk here. The Leather call’d 
 Buff, is made of the Hyde. Thefe Hornes were brought 
 from Africa. 
 
 The HORNES of the BUNCH-BAK’D BULL. 
 Cornua Bifontk. This pair belongeth to that Species, which 
 hath a great Maine. Thefe, contrary to the former, Hand 
 wide, and efpecial upwards, their Tips being I an Eln 
 dillant. See the Description of the Animal in Aldrovan- 
 dm, his Picture in Johnfion. He is fwifter than any other 
 Bull, and untameable. He breeds in Lithuania. To the 
 homes is joyrid the fore-part of the skull, together with 
 the skin, which is very thick and tough. The skin of any 
 Bulls Forehead, either for its toughnefs, or other caufe, is 
 the only part of the Hyde made ufe of by Homers, 
 whereupon they fhave their Hornes (which they take out 
 of a Tub of warm water by them) to fit them for Lamp- 
 horns. 
 
 The TAIL of an Indian COW. The Male is call'd 
 Bonafus. The hairs hereof aregreyilh. Above a yard and 
 i long. Yet almofl as foft and fine as a Womans. The 
 Cow is faid to be worlhipped by the people that live near 
 the River Ganges. 
 
 A little STONE out of an Oxes Liver. Infcribed 
 Tetraedrum inventum in Hepate Bovvs. But I find it broken 
 into feveral pieces. It is juft of a liver-colour. And is 
 compos'd, as the Bezoar Stone, of feveral crufls or foft fhells 
 one over or within another. 
 
 A MON- 
 
Part!. Of Quadruped’s. 
 
 A MONSTROUS CALF with two heads. Each 
 head is a little lefs than ufual 5 the reft of the parts according 
 to Nature. 
 
 The S KIN of a CAL F with two heads , tann’d 
 with the hair on. There is a very ftrange ftory of a Mon- 
 ftrous Calf in the Pbilof. Tranf N. 1. & N. 2. compar’d 
 together : communicated by the Honourable Mr. Boyle. 
 
 The TUSK of a Wild BOAR. It winds about 
 almoft into a perfect Ring or Hoop 5 only is a little wri- 
 then. In meafuring by the ambit, ’tis long or round about 
 a foot and two inches. Its bafis an inch over. Almoft all the 
 way triangular, efpecially towards the point. 
 
 Another B O A R-T U S K, fomewnat flcnderer, and of 
 a femiannular Figure. 
 
 I he wild Boar breeds in Helvetia , efpecially near the 
 Alp. In Barbados very great. Ligon (a) faith, he faw (a) Hifto T 
 there one fo big, that when his head was off, and his en- ° f BMo! ’ 
 trails taken out, weighed 400 l. It was well obferved by 
 Ariftotle (as to thofe Beafts which he had feen) that no one 
 was horned and tusked too: (b) the fuperfluous parts ofWHid°r. 
 the blood proper for their production, not being fufficient ^™ al ’ hb ' 
 to feed them both. 
 
 The SKULL of the HORNED HOG. By the 
 people of the Iftand Bouro, not far from Amboina , he is 
 called Baby Roujfa. (c) See the Picture hereof in Bartboline , n) Barthoi. 
 (d) taken in Java , from whence he received it. As alfo the ^\Sj nt ' 2i 
 Defcnption, though but imperfect. Sec likewife Guiliel- ' -2 ’ 
 tuns Pifo , (e) who gives a figure fomewhat different, CO in Bouti- 
 making him flenderer and Ihaped in Body like to a Deer. us ’ s N - 
 But his Defcription feerns to be taken out of Bartboline. 1!^.?™’ 
 His principal Characters are thefe, About as big as a Stag , 
 fnouted and tailed like a Boar , footed like a Goat: befides 
 what is obfervable in the skull,which I lhall now particularly 
 defcnbe. 
 
 It is a foot long, feven Inches high, and about five over. 
 
 The Snout fcarce two. The Teeth are 32. In the upper 
 Jaw, four Cuters; in the nether, fix. In each Jaw, ten Grin- 
 ders. In the lower Jaw, two Tusks, one on each fide, like 
 thofe of a Boar, Handing outerly, an inch behind the Cut¬ 
 ers 5 near their Root,! of an inch over,{harp-pointed, hooked 
 very much backward 5 by the bow, four inches long. 
 
 E 2 On 
 
28 
 
 Of Quadrupeds. 
 
 ART 
 
 I. 
 
 (a) Hillor. 
 
 Cent. 2. 
 
 (b) InBont. 
 Hift. N. Tnd, 
 Orient. I.5. 
 c. <?. 
 
 (c ) Pifo ill 
 Bout. 
 
 (d) Joh. de 
 
 I .act, out of 
 Lerius. 
 
 (e J Cited by 
 Aldmiandits. 
 
 On his upper Jaw, he hath two Homs , of the fame hard- 
 nefs and fubftance with the two great Teeth now deferib’d .- 
 and Bartholine (a) calls them Teeth. Yet are they not 
 Teeth, but Horns 3 becaufe they arc not, as all Teeth, even 
 the Tusks of an Elephant , fixed in the Jaw with their 
 Roots upward, but downward : and fo their Alveoli are 
 not open downward within the Mouth, but upward upon 
 the top of the fnout: where thefe Horns bore or pierce the 
 flelh and skin, as the Teeth do the Goorns. Yet being two, 
 they hand not in the middle, as in the Rhinoceros , but on the 
 Tides of the fnout, fc. behind the Cuters about two inches. 
 Near their Roots about half inch over, ending in a fharp 
 point, bended upward and backward like a filh-hook, by 
 the bow about ■ a foot long. 
 
 Pifo (bj deferibing of it, faith, That in his nether Jaw 
 (his upper Jaw he deferibes after) there are two great Tusks 
 which Itand upright,and bore through his fnout ( Roftrumq ; 
 perfor antes ): which is a fenfelefs mil take. Bartholine indeed 
 faith of the Horns (which he calls the Teeth) of the upper 
 Jaw, —prodeunt ex fuperiori Maxilla carnem Roftri perfo- 
 rantes '■ which Pifo tranferibing, nuftakes, and feigns as great 
 an abfurdity, as if Nature had put a Padlock or Eolt upon 
 the Creatures Mouth. 
 
 Ariflotle , as was before noted, fiid well, as to the Ani¬ 
 mals he had feen. That no one hath both Tusks and Horns. 
 But of his fault in affirming too generally, this Animal is 
 not the only mlfance, by many. The reafon why this hath 
 both, may be, bccaufe neither of them are very great, and 
 his Horns, proportionably to what they are in other?, are 
 very little. Befides that he is cover’d with hair, and not, 
 as the Boar, with Briftles, which probably fpend more up¬ 
 on the fame matter, which in other Creatures makes the 
 Horns. For Briftles feem to be nothing elfe but a Horn 
 fplit into a multitude of little ones. 
 
 This Creature is faid (c) to breed only in the Ifland 
 Bouro. Yet that which the Draft Hans call the Tajacuguitas, 
 (d) may be the fame. As alfo Pigafeta’s Porcus Quadricor- 
 nis. There are Swine, faith he, (e) in the Philippic flihnds, 
 with two, three, and four Horns. He might miftake die 
 two Tusks for Horns 5 and from thofe which he faith had 
 but two or three, they might be violently broken off. 
 
 Another 
 
Part I. Of Quadruped's. 
 
 29 
 
 Another SKULL of the BABY R O U S S A. It is 
 altogether like the former. Living that the Tusks and Horns 
 are not fo crooked. So that one feems to be of the elder, 
 or the Male, the other of the younger, or elfe the Female. 
 
 Both the Natives, and others that live amongft them, 
 efteem this Animal a delicate fort of Venifon. (a) Bontius! m 
 
 The SKIN of a young RHINOCEROS, com- 
 pofed indifferently to the fhape of the Animal. In the 
 Defcription whereof Jacobus 'Bontius (b) comes the nearefl (b) Hilton 
 to the truth. Yet is he very fhort and defective. To o*[' j ncL 
 whole therefore, as far as may be by this Skin, I ihall add 
 a better. 
 
 Tis a yard long, and almofl a foot over 5 his head nine 
 inches long, almofl eight over at the top. His Snout 
 broadifh, as in a Calf. His Eyes little, as thofe of a Hog, 
 about lot an inch long. They Hand low, not much more 
 than three inches above his Nofe end. His Ears alfo like a 
 Hogs. His Legs, as of the Hippopotamus, rateably fhort 5 
 about ten inches long. His Tail, five and § ; flat, as that of 
 the Caflor 5 but not fo broad, near the Buttocks an inch 
 and I, at the end 1 an inch. 
 
 The faid Skin is every where thick, and very hard 5 
 excepting only his Ears which are fofter, and extream thin. 
 
 It hath about ten Plica or Folds 5 two under the nether 
 Jaw, one on the Bread, in the figure of the letter V, on the 
 Neck one on each fide, one between the Shoulders femt- 
 circular, on the Back two tranfverfly extended to the bot¬ 
 tom of the Tides, with two more ftrait ones, carry Yi obli¬ 
 quely on the Buttocks. 
 
 The lower part of the Forehead and Snout cover’d with 
 a kind of hard Cruft His Ears naked and fmooth. All 
 the other parts rough with round fcaly Crufts; on the 
 Back, Sides, and Belly, lefler, near a 1 of an inch over 5 on 
 the nether Chap and Shoulders, bigger; on his Buttocks 
 and Legs, the biggeft, about 1 an inch over. His Hair is 
 black, fhort, and fine. So few, that there are not many 
 more than feales or {hells 5 growing for the mofl part, out 
 of the centre of the fhell 5 fo that he is almofl naked. His 
 Dock is alfo naked on both tides, but on the edges there 
 grows a confiderable quantity of longer and thicker Hair. 
 
 The Animal being very young, had no Horn, norfo much 
 as any fign of it. The 
 
3 ° 
 
 Part L 
 
 Of Qyadruped’s-. 
 
 (i) Hiflor The Rhinoceros , fays Bontius, ( a ) is near as big as an 
 Nat. ' Elephant, faving that he is not fo tall. He will lick a Man 
 (b) ibid. to heath, ( b ) by raking away the flelh to the Bone with his 
 rough and (harp Tongue. 
 
 In Pifo’s Figure, which he hath added to Bontius s De- 
 fcription, and which, he faith, was taken from the life, the 
 Eyes are placed very low, as they are alfo in this Skin. 
 But the Cloven-Feet, in the fame Picture, I find not here: 
 peradventure, the Skin not being well taken off the 
 Feet. 
 
 In the time of Domitian the Emperour, there was one fo 
 
 big, as to tofs not only a Bear, but a Bull upon his Horn. 
 
 Epig«2i & ( c ) hut what Martial means, fpeaking of the Rhino- 
 
 Epigr. p. ceros, 
 lib. i. 
 
 Namq ; gravem gemino Cortiu fic extulis Vrfum, Isc. 
 
 I do not well underhand. The Figure given by Pifo , as 
 above, reprefents but one Horn only. Neither doth 
 Bojitim ( who faith he hath feen great numbers of them 
 both in houfes and in the woods) defcnbe or mention any 
 more than one Horn, And thofe who do fpeak of ano¬ 
 ther, yet make it a very fmall one, and not over againft 
 the other, but on the forepart of his back, and fo in a 
 place where it is immoveable, and can no way be made ufe 
 of for the tolfing up of any thing, as the other on his 
 Nofe. 
 
 (d) Linfchot The Rhinoceros breeds not in India,(d) but in Bengala and 
 p. 88 . Ratane, where they much frequent the River Ganges. 
 
 A piece of a great RHINOCEROS-SKI N,tann d. 
 ’Tis wonderful hard, and thick, about ! > inch, exceeding 
 that of any Land Animal which I have feen. 
 
 The HORN of a RHINOCEROS. It once 
 belonged to the Duke of Holjieine. Although Bontius 
 defcribes the Animal the beft of any before him, yet nei¬ 
 ther he, nor others defcribe the Horn to any purpofe. 
 Tis in colour and fmoothnefs like thofe of a Bull. Almoft 
 a yard long. At the baft, above half a foot over; and 
 there furrounded with a Garland of black and ftubby 
 Bnftles. Sharp-pointed. A little crooked backwards, like 
 a Cocks Spur. Quite through folid. An inftance con¬ 
 trary 
 
PartI. Of Quadruped’s'. 
 
 trary to that Affection of Ariflotle , (a) T r i A m ^ fAVX A to Dc p ar - 
 
 OAV Tifta. 'THIS i\d<poLi HOVOIS. ^" lrria ^ 
 
 Another HORN of a RHINOCEROS, as big ’ ' 
 as that now defcrib’d. Given by Sir Robert Southwell , pre- 
 fent Embaffador to the Prince Elector of Brandenburge. 
 
 A THIRD, almoft as big as the former. 
 
 A FOURTH, a little one, about a foot long. 
 
 The Rhinoceros fights the Elephant with his Horn, and 
 fometimes overcomes him. In Sept alius s Mufatum there 
 are feveral Veffels mention’d to be made out of this Horn, 
 as well as divers others. The Rhinocerous Horn, in India., 
 as alfo Jus Teeth, Claws, Flefh, Skin, Blood, yea Dung 
 and Pifs, are much efteemed, and us’d againit Poifon, and 
 many Difeafcs 5 and fold at great rates, (b) Yet fome for l'f ,nfch - 
 an hundred times as much,as others of the fame colour and P ' 
 bignefs 5 for fome difference which the Indians ( only) 
 difeern betwixt them, (c) ' (c) Ibid 
 
 The TAIL of a great RHINOCEROS. Notwell 
 defenbed by Bontius. The Dock is aboutinch thick, and 
 two inches broad, like an Apothecaries Spatule. Of what 
 length the whole, is uncertain, this being only part of it, 
 though it looks as if cut off - near the Buttock 5 ’tis about 
 nine inches, black, and very rough. On the two edges, and 
 there only, grow alfo very black and Ruling hairs, a foot 
 long, ftubborn, and of the thicknefs of a fmaffer Shoemakers 
 Thread. Yet not round, as other hair, but rather flatiih 5 
 like fo many little pieces of Whale-Bone. 
 
 ^ A SPIRAL or WREATHED TUSK of an 
 ELEPHANT. Prefented from the Royal Aft lean- Com¬ 
 pany by Thomas Crifpe Efcg. ’Tis about an Ell long. At the 
 bafe, a foot about. From the thin edges whereof, itischo- 
 nically hollow to the depth (or height) of near * a yard. 
 
 It is twilled or wreathed from the bottom to the top with 
 three Circumvolutions, Handing between two ftrait lines. 
 
 Tis alfo furrow’d by the length. Yet the furrows fur- 
 round it not, as in the horn of the Sea-Unicorn 3 but run 
 parallel therewith. Neither is it round, as the faid Horn, 
 but fomewhat flat. The Top very blunt. 
 
 Paufanias (cited by Gefner ) affirms, and feems to {peak 
 it as a thing well known, That the Tusks of Elephants, which 
 he calls, and ufeth arguments to prove them Horns, may, 
 
 by 
 
32 
 
 Of Quadruped's. 
 
 Part I. 
 
 ( a) Linchol. 
 p. 2?. See. 
 
 (b) Ibid. 
 
 (c) Eaft.Ind, 
 Voyage. 
 
 by the help of fire, like Cows horns, be reduced to any 
 fhape. Whether this be naturally twifted, or by art, I will 
 not determine. Terzagi in Sep alius s Mufaum mentions 
 though not a Spiral, yet ftrait Tusk of an Elephant , two 
 yards high, and 160 pounds in weight. 
 
 The LEG BONE of an ELEPHANT. It was 
 brought out of Syria for the Thigh-Bone of a Giant. But 
 the proportion which the thicknefs bears to the length of 
 the Bone, fhews it to be the Bone not of a Man, but ail 
 Elephant. For the Leg-Bone is ufually about * of an inch 
 over: and fo its traverfe Area contains about (4^) fquare' 
 eighths of an inch. But this Bone is above four inches over, 
 in the tranfver fcArea whereof therefore,are contained about 
 ( 1088) fquare eighths of an inch. Which number (1088) 
 being divided by (45?) gives (22) for the Quotient. So 
 that it is two and twenty times as thick as the Leg-Bone of 
 a Man: I mean, the tranfverfe Area of the one contain- 
 eth that of the other 22 times. Yet is it but three times 
 as long; and therefore fhould contain the fame but about 
 nine times, were it the Leg-Bone of a Man. Tis 
 about a yard and i foot long, and above a foot about in 
 the flendereft part. And the fhape of it, fhews it to have 
 belonged to the Leg, and not the Thigh. The Elephant to 
 which it did belong, might be about five yards high. 
 
 Another L E G-B ONE of an ELEPHANT, fcarce 
 fo long, but of equal thicknefs. Given by Sir Thomas 
 Brown of Norwich. 
 
 Elephants are brought into Europe out of Ceylan,Sumatra, 
 Cochin , Siam, Bontam , Melinda , iSc. But they breed moff 
 in the Kingdoms of Aracan and Pegu. ( a ) In the Illand of 
 Ceylon , moll docile. The TEthiopians behind Mofambique 
 eat them, and fell their Teeth. The Indians ufe them to 
 draw, and fbip their Goods. In Winter, when it begins 
 to rain, they are altogether mad and ungovernable, and fo 
 continue from April to September , chain’d to fome Tree 5 
 after that, they become tame and ferviceable again, (b) See 
 more of the nature,and ingenuity ;and of the way of hunting 
 and taming them, in Linfchotus and Tavemere. (c) 
 
 One of the GRINDERS of an ELEPHANT. 
 He hath four of thefe Teeth in each Jaw, wherewith he 
 grinds his meat. This here is above a foot long. But 
 
 the 
 
P a r t I. Of Quadruped's. q ^ 
 
 the exerted part, or that part which hands above the 
 Goomes, is but feven inches in length, and three in breadth 
 Tis not above ' an inch above the Goomes, but fatten'd 
 within the Jaw fa foot,where deepeft. The faid exerted part 
 looks like eight or nine Rows of teeth, three, four and 
 five in a Row, all coalefcent. The Tides all along waved 
 The furthermoft Roots like the folds of an old Rt 
 
 Ruff- h weighs above eleven pounds and f Haver-du- 
 poyfe. 
 
 ANOTHER of the fame Teeth, fomewhat letter. 
 
 A THIRD, having part of it broken oft 
 Th c Elephant, in my mind, hath fome affinity with the 
 Boar ;, Both are Taper-Taifd , hunch-back’d, little-Eyd 
 arm d with Tusks, have the nether Chap lharp before and 
 a moveable Snout 5 the Elephants Probofcis being but a 
 long Snout, and the Boars Snout a fhort Probofcis. 
 
 The HOOF of a Solidungulous Animal. It was 
 brought from Angola. Perhaps of a kind of Zebra there 
 anfwenng to the Indian defcribed by Pigafeta. 'Tis much 
 about the fhape of a Horfe’s, but not fo big • two inches 
 amH broad , two inches long, and as much in height. 
 Somewhat thick and ftrong. For thegreateft part, black- 
 , but juft before yellowilh, and half tranfparent. Within 
 this is contained another young one (together with its 
 incloled Bone) all over of a yellowilh colour. The Zebra, 
 
 Indie a, id) is mall his parts like a Mule, Paving that it is Aidro- 
 not barren. vandus. 
 
 Another ftrange HOOF of a Solidungulous Animal. 
 It is or a blacki/h brown and opacous colour. Very thin 
 like that of a Calf But rateably much broader than in 
 other Animals, being not much above an Inch over fore¬ 
 ward, yet expanded Tde-ways two inches and a ?. 
 
 Another H O O F of the former kind,a little lels,blacker, 
 and altogether opacous. 
 
 F 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
34 
 
 Of Quadruped’: 
 
 Part I. 
 
 appendix. 
 
 Of certain BALLS found in the Stomachs of 
 divers Beafis. 
 
 A N A K E D and round HAIRY BALL; almoft 
 three Inches over, taken out of the Stomach of a 
 
 Calf. 
 
 Another fomewhat Oval, and more compact. 
 
 Several other lctfcr ones, and with the hairs more loofely 
 compofed. 
 
 Another, with the outward parts of the hair not com¬ 
 plicated, as in the former, but handing parallel, and fome¬ 
 what winding, as in the Crown of a Mans head. 
 
 Two HAIRY BALLS, SPHJERICAL, and 
 INCRUSTATED. About two inches Diametre, 
 cover’d with a frnooth and very thin Cruft, of the co¬ 
 lour of Occidental Bezoar, having neither tail: or frnell, 
 nor ftirring at all, upon the effufion of Acids. 
 
 A HAIRY BALL, incruftated, and ELAT. 
 Taken out of the ftomach of a Bull in Brafile. ’Tis very 
 fmooth, and of the colour of Oriental Bezoar. Ligur’d 
 juft like a Bowl. Somewhat above two inches thick, and 
 O) Lib. ult. three, over. Ferranti Imperato (a) hath another like it. 
 
 If you ferape a little of the Cruft oft, and pour fpirit of 
 Nitre upon it, it makes a confpicuous bullition, as it doth 
 (b) Seethe upon Bezoar. (b) 
 
 Difcourfe of Another BALL, in figure, colour, and fubftance, like 
 the Ludhti- the former; but bigger,being above three inches Diametre. 
 It was taken out of the ftomach of a Cow. 
 
 Another with the like Incruftation, but of an Oval 
 
 on arifing 
 from the 
 mixture of 
 Bodies. 
 
 Figure. 
 
 A FIBROUS BALL. Confiding , not of Hair , 
 but for the mold part of the fibers of Plants. Perfectly 
 Sphaerical. An inch and i Diametre. Cover’d with a 
 brown, and very rough Cruft. The like fubftance being 
 alfo mixed with the molt intimate parts of the Ball. 
 
 Another like Ball, but fomewhat lefs. 
 
 Half a FIBROUS BALL taken out of the ftomach 
 
 of 
 
Part I. Of Quadruped’s. 
 
 35 
 
 of a Sheep. Two inches over, and a little flat. It con- 
 fifteth of mod fine herby Threads or Fibers, ihort, and very 
 clofely compared. Cover’d with a black, fhining, and mod 
 thin Cuticle. A piece hereof fired, burns like Match-cord, 
 all away to alhes. 
 
 Thefe Balls, efpecially thofe of Hair, we may fuppofc to 
 be made by the motion of the ftomach, which m thefe 
 Creatures is very ftrong, and frequent: by which motion 
 the Hair is wrought and compacted together, as Wool! is, 
 by the Workmans hand, in the making of a Hat. 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 Of OVITAROVS QZJJ<DRZJP ED’S. 
 
 A Femal LAN D-T O R T O IS. Teftudo terreftm fe- 
 JdY mina. Ufually defcribed, but no where fully, nor 
 without errors. This here is eight inches long, and five 
 broad. The Head an inch and I long, almoft as broad $ 
 in (hape fomewhat like a Toads. The Orbits of the Eyes 
 very large, almoft i inch overj a I of an inch behind the 
 Snout. The lower Chap is received by a groove into the 
 upper. The Tail three inches long, and (harp-pointed. 
 The Feet two inches and ?, and above i inch over. The 
 fore-Feet have five very Ihort Toes, with Claws about I 
 inch long. The hinder feet have but four Toes, with fome¬ 
 what bigger Claws. 
 
 The Head, Back and Belly, have all bony Covers, faced 
 or over-laid with (hells. The head and back-pieces blackifh, 
 with citrine or ftraw-colour’d fpecks fprinkled up and down 
 upon them. The back-piece convex, and almoft Oval. On 
 the fides, for the length of two inches as it were doubled 
 inwards, and joyned to the Belly-piece. ’Tis cancellated 
 with little fquares on the Margin $ on the top of the back, 
 fexangularly ; and with the largeft Area’s between. The 
 Belly-piece is party-colour d black and citrine, almoft flat; 
 but turned up a little at the ends. Cancellated in the mid¬ 
 dle with fquares, with triangles before, and behind with 
 Hyperbolick lines. The Feet are cover’d with fmall round 
 Scales, die Tail with fquare ones. He breeds in the Deferts 
 of Africa. F 2 Three 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Quadruped's. 
 
 Three little LAN D-T ORTOISES of the fame 
 kind. 
 
 Another little LAN D-T O R T O I S E, of km to 
 the former. ’Tisfomewhat rounder. 
 
 A lelfer LAN D-T O R T O I S E, almoft circular and 
 
 ridged on the back. 
 
 A great CHE QJJ E R D TORTOISE-SHELL. 
 Tefta Tefiellata major. It was fent from Madagascar. I 
 find the Animal no where defcrib’d or figur'd. It is above 
 half oval 5 being of all that I ever faw, the mod concave 5 
 a foot long, eight inches over, and almoft fix inches 
 
 high. 
 
 The Convex 
 
 is curioufly wrought with black and whitifh 
 
 pieces, alternately wedged in, one againft another, and 
 notched, as it were, with tranfvers Incifions. Thofe near 
 the Margines and on the fides are compofed into feveral 
 Pyramidal Area’s , or great Triangles, whofe Bafesare about 
 two inches broad. On the Back, into fexangular ones,each 
 of them convex. On the fides, and quite behind, the Shell 
 is carry’d fomewhat inward. Before, and hinderly, the 
 edges are toothed, and bended outward and upward. T he 
 inward edges are cover’d with fhelly Plates above an inch 
 
 and I broad. 
 
 The Concave is compofed of fix and forty Bones. 
 Along the middle of the Back, are twelve, all, except the 
 foremoft and the four laft, almoft fquare. Next to thele, 
 are eight on each fide, like to fo many contiguous Ribs 5 
 together with two Idler fquare Bones before : Next to thcfe, 
 eight more, as it were, under-Ribs, on each fide. To the 
 twelve middlemoft Bones, the Ribs are joyned by an al¬ 
 ternate commiifure, fo as one of them anfwers to the hafts 
 of two Ribs, is vice verfa. Tothefe, the under-Ribs, in 
 a wonderful manner, fell, by a branched Suture or Inden¬ 
 ture. For the great Teeth of the under-Ribs, being firft 
 inferted into thofe of the upper-Ribs ; the Indenture is af¬ 
 terwards repeated, by idler Teeth, out ot the fides of the 
 great ones. The Belly-piece is here wanting. 
 
 Befides the molt elegant ordering of the Work in the 
 Convex, there are three things chiefly obfervable, which 
 ferve for the greater ftrength of the Shell. That is to fay. 
 The Convexity of the feveral Areas on the Back, the 
 
 branched 
 
37 
 
 Part! Of Quadruped's. 
 
 branched Sutures, and the Alternate commiffures ot the Bones. 
 Anfwerable to the Rule of Nature,in a Humane Skull: and 
 of Art, m the laying of Stones in Buildings ; and in cover¬ 
 ing of broader Vaults, not with one Arch, but feveral Idler 
 ones, for the greater llrength. 
 
 A leffer C H E QU E R’D SHELL. Perhaps St ell at a 
 Wormii , (a) or a kin to it. The Convex work is compo- M Sce his 
 fed of black and citrine pieces, cancellated, and tranfverlly M “d“ m - 
 notched; ten, eleven, or twelve of them meeting in a 
 fquare, and rugged centre; each looking like a Star fur- 
 rounded with Rays. The feveral Area’s rife up into a con¬ 
 vexity fomewhat greater, than in the Shell above deferib’d. 
 
 Juft before the Tail, the edges are bended a little upward 5 
 over the Tail, downward. The Belly-piece is joyned to the 
 Back-piece for the length of two inches and ;, with the 
 edges turned upward. The middle of it flat, ftreak’d, and 
 cancellated; the hinder part endeth in a double broad 
 point. 
 
 Two more CHEQUER’D SHELLS of the fame 
 Species ; Living, That here are not fo great a number of 
 Rays to each Star. 
 
 Another of the fame ; excepting, that the feveral arched 
 pieces are not fo high, as in the former. 
 
 A CHE QUER’D-S HELL, from Suranam. I think 
 no where defcnb’d,or figur’d,unlefs perhaps by Mofchardus. 
 
 The convex work is compofed of black and citrine pieces,in 
 the Margin, of a Pyramidal or wedged Figure, oppofitely 
 fet, and with tranfverfe Notches: amongft which there are 
 alfo little fquare, rugged, and citrine pieces intermixed. 
 
 All the reft, which are alfo black and citrine, are fix times 
 as big, adorned not with tranfverfe but paralell Notches. 
 
 Neither are they Radiated, but feveral of the fame kind 
 contiguous fide to fide. They are compos’d into Area’s 
 almoft flat: the centres whereof are alfo rugged, but much 
 bigger than in the Shell laft deferibed. The Belly-piece is 
 alfo lefs convex. 
 
 Another of the fame Species. 
 
 Another CHEQUER’D SHELL from Suranam , 
 of kin to the laft defcrib’d. The edges of this are round 
 about, excepting before, turn’d up outward. The Back alfo 
 is lefs convex ; the Belly, more deep. 
 
 Another 
 
Part I. 
 
 38 Of Quadruped’s. 
 
 i—- ----- 
 
 Another of the fame Species. 
 
 ACHE QJJ EII’D SHELL from Virginia. Tis in 
 figure fomewhat like the femal Tortoife firft defcnb’d. Sa¬ 
 ving that it is more convex, and divided into Areas alfo 
 fomewhat convex, and with tranfvers Furrows or Notches. 
 ’Tis alfo near the Tail, turned up outward; but the hinder- 
 moil: part bended inward. 
 
 Another Shell of the fame Species. 
 
 Another, like the firft defend'd, excepting alfo. That it 
 is more convex; and inftead of fpecks, hath long ftreaks, 
 and great blotches. 
 
 A SCALY TORTOISE SHELL. It feemsto 
 be of the Lutarious kind. I find it not defcrib’d, or figur’d. 
 Above a foot long, ten inches broad, convex to the height 
 of 3 i The convex, all along the middle, high ridg’d. 
 Compofed of Scales , very fmooth , particolour’d, of a 
 brownilh red and citrine; in the utmoft edge Idler, and 
 almoft fquare, but with acute Angles prolonged towards 
 the Tail, and towards the Head doubled downwards. The 
 reft are five, fix, and eight times bigger, fet alternately, as 
 the Scales in Fifties, or Slate-work upon a houfe. The Con¬ 
 cave is {Lengthened with a Back-Bone, and eight Ribs, ob¬ 
 liquely appendent, on each fide. The Belly-piece is here 
 warning. 
 
 A S E A-T O R T OIS E. Curioully figur’d by Bejler. 
 (*JFafcicul. ] 3 cfcnbcd by Aldrovandus and others. He differs 
 anorum. £ rom t he y anc [_/ 'ortoife, chiefly, in having a more rude, 
 and fofter {hell, and Feet rather like the Finns of a Fifli, as 
 proper to fwim with. As alfo in Bulk. In the Brafilian 
 fhore, laid to be big enough, for one fometimes to dine 
 0>) Muf.Ro- fourfeore men. (b) In the Indian- Sea fo big, (c ) that the 
 coibid. fhells ferve the Natives for Boats. In theIlland Cuba fo 
 great, that they will creep along with five men upon their 
 (i) Joh. de Backs, (d) 
 
 Laet ' He fquirts the water out at his Noftrils, in the fame 
 
 CO Rondcict manner as the Dolphin doth at his Spout, (e) In Genera- 
 
 . T tion, the embraces of the Male and Female continue for a 
 
 ham’s Difc. whole Lunar y month. (/) They take them, by turning 
 of Jam-Cap. them on their Backs with ftaves, in which pollure they 
 (g) Ug. Hift. lie, till they are fetch’d away. ( g ) As they lie on their 
 of Barbados. J 3 acks, they will fometimes fetch deep fighs, and fhed 
 
 abundance 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Quadruped’. 
 
 39 
 
 Tra- 
 
 abundance of Tears, (a) They kill them, by laying them fO T: 
 on their backs, and fo ripping them up round about where fup. m ’ 
 the Back and Belly-pieces meet, (b) They abound in the T) Lig Hiif. 
 ( a) ibdy and L.ucayicf Illands, and in Jamaica, As alio m* 
 the Red-Sea. 
 
 Of their Nature, Generation, and inward Pairs, fee fome 
 Obfervations in the Pbilof Tranfactions. {c) The fldh n^' 27 ' * 
 hereof maketh a molt pleafant jelly. (fo The CaUapee , i. e. Tra - 
 the Belly-part fo called, baked, is an excellent Dilh. (e) s /jS. Difc ' 
 f The Legs, faith Schroder out of Solenander , applied to CO ibid, 
 tne part affected, are a molt experienced Remedy m the 
 Gout. In Turkj , the Shells are ufed for Bucklers. In Ta- 
 brobana, to cover their houfes. (f) In China, (?) to make 
 Girdles for Noble men. ^ ^ m Mu£ 
 
 A LITTLE S E A-T O R T OIS E, taken out of the Egg. 
 
 The SHELL of a Sca-Tortoife. 
 
 The H E A D of a S E A-T O R T OIS E.’Tis large,and 
 fo {hews the make of the Mouth the better: where the 
 lharp and toothed edge of the nether Chap, Itrikes into a 
 Canale cut into the Bone of the upper 5 and the toothed 
 protuberance of the upper, into a Canale in the nether: by 
 which means he eafily fheers the Grafs, or other Plants, 
 whereon he feeds. Given by Air. John Short. 
 
 . The SKULL of a SEA-TORTOISE, Nine 
 inches long. The head of a Sea -Tortoife a foot long, is but 
 about two inches. Therefore the Tortoife to which this 
 skull belong d, was a yard and half in length. 
 
 Three other S K U L S about the fame bignefs. One 
 whereof, given by Henry Whiftler Hep. 
 
 Two pieces of the SHELL of a very great TORTOISE, 
 each with a Rib fixed in it. Given by Sir Robert Southwell 
 
 The HEART of a SEA-TORTOISE. It is 
 
 about as big as a Lambs. Herein both the fingle Ventricle, 
 and two Auricles, are all plainly vifible. The Hearts of all ' h _ . 
 great Annuals faith Anftotle, (A) have three Ventricles - 
 lejjer, two $ of all, at leafi one. One would a little Wonder Ci 4 ‘ 
 how fo obferving a man, fhould difeover fo many nni takes, 
 in fo few words. 
 
 The PIS LE of a S E A-TO R T OISE. Tis four- 
 teen inches long, and two and I round about. In fubftance 
 like a Bulls. There are three more about the fame bignefs. 
 
 See 
 
40 Of Quadruped's. Part I. 
 
 Bad™‘ ^ ‘ t ’ cc r ^ e great efficacy attributed hereto by Ligon, (a) m 
 P ., 18." curing him of two Fits of the Stone, 
 
 An EGG of a SEA-TORTOISE. Tis very 
 • white, and Spherical , which I find no Author diftinCtly 
 to fay, but only to be like the Eggs of Fowls. About the 
 bignefs of an Hand-Ball. The fhell rather thinner and fofter 
 than of a Hen’s. She lays them in the fand,where they lie till 
 they arc hatch’d. Sometimes above a hundred at a breed. 
 
 1 he C H A M IE L E O N. By Wormius well deferibed, 
 JohnJloris Figure, efpecially as to the feet, very falfe. A moll 
 curb as one in Calceolarim. As alfo mBejler , having that 
 his tj es are drawn fomewhat too little. Of the skin it may 
 be noted, that ’tis everywhere rough, as it were, with little 
 round bliflers or knobs 5 on his Head and Back, greater ■ 
 on his Legs, Sides and Belly, Idler 5 of the bignefs "of Silk¬ 
 worms Eggs. As alfo, that his hinder Feet are thicker than 
 the fore-Feet: and the Heels or hinder Toes as long again, 
 as the other 5 whereas in the fore-Feet, they are all of a 
 length. The fhape of his hinder Feet 11 herefore the better 
 fitted to affift him in the climbing of Trees ; the Heels be¬ 
 ing like ftrong Leavers to hoifl him up. And the make of 
 his Skin, for the changeablenefs of his Colours; which 
 feems to depend on the falling or fwellmg of the faid 
 Knobs; whereby the light, receiving different Reflections, 
 produceth different Colours. Of his Colours, faith Sca- 
 tiger, (b) from the Obfervation of Job. Landius, it is not 
 19 ‘ ~ + ' fo properly faid, that they are chang’d, but only the fevcral 
 Species 1 lighten’d or deepen’d. He hath a long Tail, as ft 
 no Panaro- u^ a rd,but flendcrcr: which, (c) as he defeends from a Tree, 
 he laps round about the Boughs,to keep himfelf from fall- 
 ing.His Feet alfo are all made where with to take fait hold. 
 
 Of the inward Parts, fee the Pbilof Tranf N. 49. But 
 efpecially Dominicus Panarolus , who together with his Me¬ 
 dicinal Obfervations, hath publifhed the Defcription and 
 Anatomy hereof. Amongft other particulars, the Muf- 
 cular Membrane of the Eye, by which fingly all thofe 
 motions are perform’d, which in other Animals require 
 fix, and in fome feven Mufcules, is remarkable. As aifo 
 the diftinCt continuation of theOptique Nerves from their 
 Original to each Eye ; whereby the uniform or conjunct 
 motion of both his Eyes is not neceffary, as in other 
 
 Creatures; 
 
4 1 
 
 Part!. Of Quadruped’s. 
 
 Creatures 5 but he is able to move one upward or back¬ 
 ward, and the other downward or forward, or any other 
 way, at the fame time. No lefs the fabrick of his Toiwue - 
 which being hollow from end to end, with a ftrin» Run¬ 
 ning through the hollow, fallen d behind to the Os hyoides, 
 before to its extremity, it darts out and contracts it felf m 
 an inftant: and with a Vifcous fubftance at the end, catches 
 the Prey, which are Flys and other Infects, as weufe to do 
 Birds with Limetwigs. Thus far Panarolus. 
 
 In the High-hoe , and other Birds of this kind, there is a 
 peculiar Cyftis , wherein a Vifcous matter, like that above 
 mention d, is Bored, and a Pipe deriving it thence into the 
 Mouth ; the Defcription whereof I may hereafter publilh. 
 
 I fuppofe therefore, that upon further examination,the like 
 Contrivance will be found in a Cbamaleon. 
 
 It may be noted, That Panarolus , about the beginning 
 of his Defcription, calls the Chamatleoti a flow Creature : 
 
 Yet futh afterwards, (towards the end) that he climbs 
 Trees fo wonderfully fwift, as if he flew. He is not there¬ 
 fore fo properly flow, as perhaps fallen and humerous. 
 
 Bai tboline (a) hath alfo the Anatomy of this Animal, but ( a ) Hift. 
 tranfenbes it all out of Panarolus. In one particular much Cent ’ 2 ’ 
 forgets himfelf,faying about the beginning of his Difcourfe, 
 that the Chameleon hath very great Lungs j and in the end, 
 that they are but little. 
 
 A young brown CHAMELEON. 
 
 A third, with black, yellow, and afh-colour mixed toge¬ 
 ther. 
 
 A C R O C O D IL E , about two yards and I long. 
 
 He differs not much from a Lizard h chiefly in his Bulk, 
 and the hardnefs of his Skin, which on his Back hath Scales 
 proportionably hard and thick. In Paname there are fome 
 an hundred feet long; as is affirmed both by Job. de Lopez, 
 
 > b) anc * J°h- de Leri, (c) In the Mufaeum Romanian , there (DHiftlnd. 
 is a Tragical Relation of a very great one that devoured a focipho. 
 Virgin, Cap. 6. The fame Animal which in the Book of 
 Job is called the Leviathan, and hath been commonly taken 
 to be the Whale 5 but fallly,as Bocbart hath demonftrated. He 
 is tolerably welldeferibed by mofl5 and cunouflyflgurd 
 
 b y BeJler. He breeds in divers places in both the Indies , as 
 well as in Egypt, 
 
 G 
 
 Nature, 
 
42 
 
 Of Quadruped’s 
 
 ART 
 
 Nature, faith Ariftotle , hath denied a Tongue to this 
 Animal. Which Sir Thomas Brown takes notice of as a 
 Vulgar Error. On the hinder half of his Tail he hath firm 
 leathern upright Finns, wherewith he governs himfelf, as a 
 Fifh, in fwimming. 
 
 He is efteemed good meat, not only by the Natives in 
 
 (a) Guild- flygjjieP) u t alfo by the Hollanders there.(d) He is taken thus 5 
 
 mus Pifo. f a ften a thick long Rope to fome Tree by the Water- 
 
 fide, and to the other end, a ftrong iron Hook, which they 
 
 (b) Seal, bait with a Weather, (b) 
 
 Exer. 1 56. In Bra file , they hunt them much for the fake of their 
 Se<a. 5. p atj w hich they commonly and fucceffively apply to their 
 
 (c) Gui.Pifo. Wotinds, when bitten by him. (c) As alfo for his Tefticles, 
 
 which fmell like Oyntment, and which they fell very dear. 
 C d) Ibid, (d) In New Spain, the Kernels under their Throat, fmell like 
 
 (e) Joh. de Musk,and are a prefent Remedy againft burning Fevers, (e) 
 Laet f Franc’ Stomach dry VI in the Sun, powder’d, and taken to the 
 Ximfnex. nt 'quantity of 3j, "is an admirable 1) heretic f, and brings 
 01 ibid away Stones from the Reins and Bladder. (/) The fame 
 taken to the quantity of a fpoonful in the Morning, after 
 Dinner, and before Supper, or as often as the Patient can 
 ( g ) ibid. bear it, is an excellent Remedy for the Dropfie. (g) 
 
 A CROCODILE, which, with part of the Tail 
 that is broken off is about a yard long. Perhaps that letter 
 fort which breeds in Brafile , whereof Linfchoten frith, That 
 they will come into the Houfes, and let the Children play 
 with them harmlelly. 
 
 Another young CROCODILE not a foot long. 
 
 The SKELETON of a CROCODILE. Given 
 by Sir Robert Southwell 5 to whom it was fent from the 
 Eaft-Indies. ’Tis about four yards and three quarters long. 
 The Head about two feet. The Neck, from the hinder 
 part of the Head, almoft a foot and ‘. The Trunk, from 
 the fore-Ribs to the Tail , four feet. The Tail, feven. 
 From the top of the Back to the Breaft, a foot and * 
 high. 
 
 The Orbites of the Eyes proportionably little ; what ever 
 Pifo faith of his great Eyes. 
 
 The Articulations of the lower Jaw with the upper; and 
 of the Occiput w ith the foremoft Vertebra of the Neck 5 are 
 here both made in the fame manner, as in other Quadru¬ 
 peds 
 
43 
 
 Part I. Of Quadruped V. 
 
 /Ws: notwithftanding the Tradition of his moving the 
 upper Jaw. ° 
 
 The Teeth are about threefcore, thirty in each Jaw. 
 
 Ail of them Claviculares , or Peg-Teeth, not much unlike 
 the Tusks of a MaftifF; and fcarce bigger: notwithftand- 
 ing that Arijiotle calls them great Teeth, o<JWms (j-iyl'h'es (o)C a ) Hift-An. 
 And yet, whereas a Dog hath but four Tusks, or exerted 1,2 ,c ‘ I0, 
 Teeth,in this Animal being all of that figure,their fmallnefs 
 with refpcct to fo great a Head, is fully compenfated by 
 their number. For the moft part, thofe that are new 
 and not worn, are toothed, like a fmall Saw, on their 
 fides. 
 
 The Vertebra , in all, fixty. Thofe of the Neck,are feven 
 as in a Man. The firft whereof, in a Man called the At¬ 
 las hath a Procejfus in the figure of the Epiglottis. The 
 other fix, have each one Procejfus or Prominent Part, which 
 is long, broad, fharp, and upright: and two that are tranf 
 verfe, and fhort ; to which arejoyned, by a Cartilage, fo 
 many Ojfa mucronata, one ihorter than another from the 
 Head toward the Trunk. But the Vertebra , one leffer than 
 another, from the Trunk towards the Head. 
 
 The Vertebra of the Back, nineteen 5 that is, three fevens 
 running one into another. Each of which hath three 
 Prominent Parts, which are fharp, broad, and long; one 
 
 perpendicular, and two that are tranfverfe, or at ^ right 
 angles. 
 
 The Ribs 24, twelve on each fide. Seven of which, have 
 each of them double Cartilages , that is, one after another, 
 appendent to them. 
 
 The fore part of die Sternum is plainly bony. The hin¬ 
 der part, cartilaginous; fhaped like the Os Hyoides in a 
 
 , J b , £ tree of the Tail, are 34 5 or (if you add the 
 a otic Trunk as common to both) 3 5 ; that is feven 
 times feven. The firft fourteen, have each three Prominent 
 iarts, like thole of the Vertebra in the Back. The next 
 nineteen, have only an upright Procejfus. The laft of all, 
 bath none. The firft 14, are double, in number to thofe 
 
 °u 1 t " c next a re equal to thofe of the Back; 
 
 the laft anfwers to the Head. To all the Vertebra of 
 the Tail, except the laft, are alfo fubjoyned fo many 
 
 G 2 Ojfa 
 
44 
 
 Of Quadruped's. 
 
 ART 
 
 I. 
 
 Ojfa Mucronata , directly oppofite to the upright Pro- 
 cejfus. 
 
 The Shoulder-Blades are two on each fide ; each * foot 
 long. 
 
 The Bones of the fore-Foot, 2 7. The Thigh-Bone near 
 a foot long ; an inch and 4 over. The Leg-Bones, two j 
 each a little above t a foot long 3 and of equal thicknefs, 
 fc. about i of an inch over. The Foot ftrictly fo call'd, the 
 length of the Thigh. The Bones of the Pedium , four. 
 The Fingers or Toes, five. The inmoft, the thickeft, like 
 a Thumb. From thence, the third , the longed. The 
 Bones of the Thumb, three 5 of the next Finger, four; of' 
 the next, five; of the two outmoft, four; in all 20. All 
 armed with black Claws, a little crooked, and not much 
 
 above an inch long. 
 
 The Hip-Bones are three; each of them ? a foot long. 
 
 The Bones of the hinder Foot, 24. The Thigh-Bone 
 above afoot long, and an inch and \ over. The Leg Bones 
 almoft eight inches long. The inmoft, above an inch 
 over; the other, but * an inch. The Foot, fo called, the 
 length of the Thigh. The Bones of the Pedium., four. 
 The Toes, four; whereof the inmoft, the greateft; the 
 third, the longeft. The Bones of the great Toe, three; 
 of the next, four; of the third and fourth, five. The 
 Claws fomewhat bigger than in the fore-Foot. 
 
 Amongft other things worthy of note, the fenfelefhefs 
 of the tradition of the Crocodiles moving his upper Jaw, is 
 plain from the ftructurc of the Bones, that is, the Articu¬ 
 lation only of the Occiput with the Neck, and of the nether 
 Jaw with the upper, as above faid. 
 
 The firft Author of it was Anflotle , in his Fourth Book 
 de Partibus Animalium, Cap. 11. And thus much is true, 
 not only of this Creature, but of all others, which have a 
 long Head, and a wide Riches, that when they open their 
 Mouths, they feem to move both Jaws; as both the Viper, 
 (a) Lib. de and the Lizard. And for the fame reafon ,Coluvina (a ) might 
 Aquatd. fiy as much of the Hippopotamus, that he moves the upper 
 Jaw, as the Crocodile. So all Birds, efpecially with long 
 Bills, ihew the contemporary motion of both the Mandi¬ 
 bular ; the Mufculi fplenii pulling back the Occiput , and fo 
 a little railing the upper, while the Mufculi Digaftrici pull 
 
 ths 
 
Part I. Of Quadruped's. 
 
 the other down. But that this motion was not meant by 
 Ariftotle , appears in his Firft Book de Hi ft. Anim , c. 11. isr 
 lib. 3. c. 7. where he faith more plainly. That of all other 
 Animals, only the Crocodile moveth the upper Jaw. So 
 that he fpeaks of it, as a motion ftrange and peculiar 5 as 
 if the upper Mandible did make an Articulation with the 
 Cranium: contrary to what is here feen. And if we will 
 hear Pifo, who probably fpeaks Ariftotle s meaning, as 
 plainly as he doth his own, he goes further, and faith, 
 
 (a) That the Crocodile doth not only move his upper Jaw, 60 Hift.N. 
 but that his nether Jaw is immoveable. Than which Af- lib ' 5- 
 fertion, to one that hath any competent knowledge in 
 Anatomy, and feeth the Head and lower Jaw of this Ani¬ 
 mal articulated in the fame way, as in other Animals, 
 nothing can appear more ridiculous. 
 
 The WINDPIPE of a CROCODILE. It is 
 almoft an inch and I over. Compofed of Cartilaginous 
 Rings, not broken off, with a Membrane betwixt their 
 ends, as in mold Quadrugedes , but entire. 
 
 The G R E E N LIZARD. It was brought from 
 the Weft-Indies. See the Description hereof in Gefner, and 
 others. 
 
 The SENEMBI, a Lizard fo called in Brafile. -Alfo 
 called Iguana. Curioudy figur’d by Bejler. Well defenb’d 
 by Marggrarius, and after him, Wormius. Saving as to the 
 odd ftructurc of the hinder Foot. The inmold Toe is 
 joyned to the next, by a Membrane, for the length of an 
 inch and i This to the third, by a like Membrane for the 
 length of an inch. This again to the fourth, for the, length 
 of an inch and f The fourth, almofd loofe from the laid. 
 
 The Picture alfo, commonly given, falfty reprefents the 
 equal to the hinder, which is far longer and 
 
 thicker. 
 
 Another SENEMBI lefter than the former. 
 
 The SWIFT, or SPOTTED LIZARD. Com* 
 manly called S T ELL IO, or the STARR YT, IZ A R D 5 
 but not properly, the Stars, in the Figure given by Aldro- 
 u and us and others, being feigned. For the Animal is not 
 marked with Starry, but with round Spots. The lefter 
 are fprinkled up and down. The greater compofed into 
 about 13 half Rings or Girdles. On the Back the fpots 
 
 are 
 
Part I. 
 
 4 6 Of Oyadruped’s. 
 
 are alfo more diftinct, than on the Tail. Urey breed in 
 Thracia , Syria, and Sicily. The Powder hereof being 
 taken, is believed by fome flurinmm Jliviulare Venerem. 
 
 The S W APT AIL LIZARD. Vromaftix,vel Cau- 
 diverbera. Called alfo CORDILUS. In Calceolarias s 
 Mufeum there is a curious Picture hereof, under the Name 
 of CROCODILUS TERRESTRIS. As alfo m 
 Befler. Gefner , from Thomas Eraftus , hath very copioufly 
 defcrib’d him, efpecially his Tail. 
 
 The BUGELUGEY. Oi kin to the former. Al- 
 drovandus and Johnfion give only his Figure, with the 
 Name of Lacertus Indicus. He is diftinguilhed from other 
 Lizards , chiefly, by the Scales on his Belly, which, like 
 thofe of a Crocodile , are very great; fc. five or fix times 
 bigger than thofe on his back. It was brought from Africa. 
 This Lizard faith Wormius , movetlr his upper Jaw, as the 
 Crocodile.- Which, in what fenfeitis falfeand abfurd, I have 
 above fhew’d. 
 
 The S C A L Y-L IZARD. He is well pictur’d in Befler. 
 
 As alfo in the Mufaum of Olearius. Aldrovandus gives only 
 a rude half draught, and without any Defcription, as well 
 as the former. Clufius only faith. He remembers that he 
 f N> had feen one of them. Boat ins (a) hath his Picture , ' 
 but a very bad one. Elfe-where I find it not. He hath alfo 
 defcribed him , but very defectively, and with feveral 
 miitakes. 
 
 He is a yard and I long. His Head from his Nofe-end 
 to his fore-Feet not above three inches. He hath no Neck. 
 His Trunk, from the fore-Legs to the hinder, not above 
 ten inches and k His Tail exceeding long, fc. a yard and 
 half a quarter. His Head above two inches over. His Nofe 
 near an Inch. His Trunk almoft four. His Tail mode¬ 
 rately taper’d, and ending obtufely. The under part of 
 the Tail is plain or flat; the upper part, hyperbolick. His 
 fore-Legs, contrary to what they are in other Lizards , are 
 longer than the hinder 5 thefe, not above three inches and 
 I; thofe, above four. The Claws alfo of the fore-Feet are 
 longer 5 the longeft about an inch 5 thofe of the hinder, 
 but I an inch. He hath only four Toes and a Heel, both 
 before and behind. 
 
 He is all over, except his Throat, Belly, the lower part 
 
 of 
 
PartI. Of Quadruped's-. 
 
 of Ins fore-Leg, and the inward part of his hinder, cover’d 
 with Scales, very thick, and in hardnefs anfwering to the 
 mod folid Bone. The bails of each Scale (perhaps through 
 age) of a blackifh yellow, the Cone betwixt yellow and 
 draw-colour, or like old Ivory. Adorned with Stria pro¬ 
 ceeding from the bafe to the Cone. Set together, with an 
 alternate refpect, as the Scales of Fifhes. In the Trunk, 
 there are io or 11 filed to each Rank. Towards the end 
 of the Tail, but five. The greateft, near two inches broad • 
 the lead, a quarter of an inch. On his Forehead, Back, and 
 fore part of his Tail, they are flat. But on the edges of 
 the Tail, they are doubled into an acute Angle, the one half 
 of each Handing on the Convex, the other on the flat of the 
 Tail. 
 
 He is faid to be a nioft tame and innocent Creature. 
 
 Which is very likely 5 according to the way of Nature, 
 which ufually leaveth dangerous Animals, as Serpents, and 
 other hurtful Lizards, naked: but defendeth the Bodies of 
 fearful and innocent Creatures, as the Tortoife, the Tata, and 
 the like, with Armor. 
 
 Johannes Lems, quoted by Linfchoten , mentions a white 
 lcaly Lizard in Bra file, as thick as a Mans middle, and five 
 or fix feet long. Perhaps a bigger of the fame kind with 
 this above defcnbcd. 
 
 There is a fort of little Lizard , (a) which when he W Li 8°”’ s 
 fwelleth with anger, like th cChamaleon, changeth his co- bad.' sT. 
 lour, from green to a kind of Hair-colour or Ruflet. The 
 Eggs of fome, if not of moil Lizards , eat very pleafantly. 
 
 And in (b) Braftle there are a fort of Water -Lizards five feet (b) Unfctrot. 
 long, which being flay’d and fodden, for whitenefs, fweet- Lib ‘ 2 - W- 
 nefs, and tendernefs, furpafs all other meats. 
 
 A L A N D-S A L A M A N D E R. Defcribed by Aldro- 
 vandus, and others. Much like a Lizard-, but his Mouth 
 is fhorter, and broader, more like a Toads: and feldom ex- 
 ceedeth a foot in length. 
 
 Bart Itoline tells of one that was kept alive in a Glafs nine 
 Months without food, (c) 0 ) Hift. 50. 
 
 The LITTLE COMMON EFT. He hath a Cent - 2 - 
 thicker Trunk, a blunt Oval Snout, his hinder feet are very 
 diftant from the forcmoft. 
 
 The SLENDER FT T. His Head is rateably very 
 
 great 5 
 
Of Quadruped’s. 
 
 48 
 
 Part L 
 
 great ; his Snout alfo longer and (harper than in the former. 
 His Trunk Tenderer and much lefs belly’d. His hinder 
 Legs alfo (land nearer to the foremoft. 
 
 The d HIC K-T AIL D EFT. His Head is here 
 wanting. His Tail is not fo {lender or tapering as in both 
 the former, but ends more obtufely. And his hinder feet 
 {land yet nearer to his foremoft. 
 
 The S CIN K. Defcribed by Wormius , and others. 
 Curioufly pictur'd b y Bejler. Like a Lizard 5 having that 
 he hath a (horter Neck and Tail, (hort Legs, a flat and 
 broad Foot like a Hand, with very (hort Toes, and without 
 any Claws. The Powder hereof is Paid, Pctenter Venerem 
 jlimulare. 
 
 SECT. m. 
 
 OF SERPENTS. 
 
 A SNAKE preferved in Spirit of Wine. In Bar¬ 
 bados there are feme about a yard and half long, that 
 (,,) Ligon’s (a) will Aide up the perpendicular Wall of a Houfe out of 
 Indp df onc ®- oom into another. A greater agility without feet, 
 than we fee in mod Creatures that have four. Much 
 helped, as itlhould feem, by their great length 5 whereby 
 they can, in an inftant, reduce themfelves into fo many 
 (hj Libi more undulations for their better aflent. In Brafile, faith 
 c. 14. Job. de Laet, (b) there are Snakes found fometimes 25 or 
 3 o feet long. The Indians., in fome places, eat Snakes very 
 greedily. 
 
 The greater S L O W-WORM 5 Cacilia. Called alfo 
 the B LIND-W ORM; fo commonly thought to be, 
 becaufe ol the littlenefs of his Eyes. His Skin alfo is very 
 fmooth and gliftermg. His Teeth very fmall. Of a lighter 
 colour than the Adder 5 which are his principal Notes. See 
 the Defcriptions of Gefner and Aldrovandus. The Female 
 is Viviparous, as well as the Viper. Bellonim faith, that out 
 ol one, he hath taken above forty young ones. 
 
 The VIPER. Vipera, qu. Vivipera 5 becaufe (he only 
 among Serpents hath been thought to bring forth her 
 
 young 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Serpents'. 
 
 49 
 
 young Ones. All Animals, faith Ariftotle , [a) that bring W Hift - 
 forth their young, have alfoexternal Ears: yet knew thatcTu'' 
 an Adder which hath no Auricle is Viviparous. And this, 
 indeed, he obferves with a good Remark, which is, That 
 ihefirft lays her Eggs within her Womb 5 (b) wherein they WHiitor. 
 are afterwards hatched. Which had been a fair Intro- Anim - 
 dudtion to him, to have obferved, That all other Vivipa- 0 ’ 
 rous Animals are Oviparous within themfelves. And’tis 
 much, that the hint hath not been long fince taken from 
 the Raya, and fome other Fifties. The Viper, faith Sir Tho¬ 
 mas (c) Brown , from the experience of credible Perfons, in ^.^ L,doA 
 cafe of fear, receiveth her young Ones into her Mouth 5 P ’ 
 which being over, they return thence again. 
 
 The chief ufe of Vipers is for the Medicine called The- 
 riaca Andromachi. But there are alfo divers Medicines made 
 out of them: as 
 
 Oleum per Infufionem, Sal Viper arum Spiritin', 
 
 Oleum Stillatitium , 
 Vinum Viper inum, 
 
 Volatile , Ejfentia , 
 
 Of the nature of the Viper , fee the Obfervations tius; 
 of Bourdelot, Redi , ist Charas. See alfo the Phil. Tranf. 
 
 N. 87. 
 
 The SLOUGH of an ENGLISH VIPER. 
 That is, the Cuticula. They caft it off twice every year, 
 fc. at Spring and Fall. The feparation begins at the Head 5 
 and is ftnilh’d in the fpace of 34 hours. From all parts fo 
 entire, that the very Tunica Adnata , or outward Skin of 
 the Eye it felf is here plainly to be feen. 
 
 A Geliy made hereof, is order’d to be ufed for the 
 making up of the compounded Powder of Crabs Claws 
 into Balls. Which way of prefervation, were no lefs pro¬ 
 per for divers other Cordial Powders 5 efpecially fuch as 
 are Aromatic 4 , and whofe Virtue lies in parts that are of 
 themfelves volatile and ealily evaporable. Of which kind, 
 there are none in this Powder. 
 
 The SKIN of a BOIGUACU, a Serpent fo called, 
 by the Natives of Bra file. As far as can now be feen, 
 
 ’tis mixed of afh-colour with cancellated work of brown 5 
 
 H 
 
 fome- 
 
5° 
 
 Of Serpents. 
 
 Part I. 
 
 fomewhat after the manner, as in divers other Indian Ser¬ 
 pents. Towards the Head it is fomewhat flenderer, than 
 about the middle; where it is in compafs, half a yard. 
 ’Tis aknolt feven yards long. Seethe Defcription of the 
 Serpent in Pifo. He is of all other kinds the greatell But 
 not fo venimous, as are many others. Ihave now at home' 
 faith Bontius, the., Shin of a Serpent (of this kind) twelve 
 yards long , which I kill’d in a Wood in Java. And, that 
 in that Kindgom, was one taken thirteen yards and ; 
 long-, with a Boar in her Belly , of which, being boyl’d, 
 
 (a) Hift.Nat. the general D. Petrus., and others did cat a part, (a ) And 
 («Lib. 3 i 4 . 3 o!) - de Laet. reports, (/;) That in Rio de la Plata , a Pro- 
 c. i. vince of the Wefl-Indies , there are fome quatuor Orgyas longi, 
 
 and fo big, as to fwallow a Stagg whole, horns and all. 
 Of fuch kind of Serpents, fee alfo Marcus Paulws Venetus, 
 china and Athan. Kircher. (c) 
 
 This Serpent, fays Pifo, will thrall his Tail up a Mans 
 Fundament, and gird him about the middle till he kills 
 (d) Hid. N. him. (V) Yet is it probable, that they communicate no 
 Venime by their Tail, but only are fo cunning as to ufe 
 that way, whereby to take the falter hold. Not only the 
 Natives, but the Hollanders that live amonglt them, make 
 
 0) ibid. t ] iem p art 0 y t j ic j r f ooc j ( e ) 
 
 The SKIN of the IBIBABOCA. Another Ser¬ 
 pent of Braftle, fo called by the people there. ’Tis a foot 
 round about, and almoft three yards and half long. His 
 Laet./ram jt colours, originally, are white, black, and red. (/) Of all 
 Lerius. the kinds of Serpents, his Bite is the moll pernicious, yet 
 (g) ibid, worketh the Howell, (g) Tis healed by a Cataplafme made 
 
 (b) Pifo. of the Head of the Serpent. (A) 
 
 Two SKINS of the fame kind, about eight feet long j 
 and with their colours elegantly chequer'd, as in the 
 former. 
 
 The SKIN of a RATTLE-SNAKE; aSerpent 
 fo called, from the Rattle at the end of his Tail. By the 
 Natives of Braftle , B OICI N IN G A. Well defcnbed 
 by Frandfeus Ximenegg and from hint by Joh.de Laet. 
 But his Rattle is no where well picturd. Neither doth 
 Ximeneg, or any other Author obferve the true itructure 
 of it. 
 
 It is compofed of about 8, io, or 12, fome times, as 
 
 this 
 
Part! Of Serpents, . 51 
 
 this before us, of fixteen white Bones, but very hollow, 
 thin, hard, and dry, and therefore brittle, alrnoft like Glafs, 
 and very fonorous. They are alfo all very near of the 
 fame bulk 5 and of the felf fame Figure, almoft like the Os 
 Sacrum in a Man. For although the laft of all only, feems 
 to have a kind of a Ridged Tail or Epphyfis adjoyncd to 
 it, yet have every one of them the like 5 fo, as the Tail of 
 every uppermoft Bone, runs within two of the Bones be¬ 
 low it. By which Artifice , they have not only a moveable 
 coherence, but alfo make a more multiplied found, each 
 Bone hitting againft two others at the fame time. 
 
 By this Rattle, thofe that travel through the Fields, or 
 along the High-ways, are warned to avoid coming near fo 
 noxious a Creature. For thofe that are bitten with him, 
 fometimes die miferably in 24 hours 5 their whole body ^j Franc 
 cleaving into chops, (a) They commonly bury the Limb kimenez 
 that is bitten, and fo keep it, till the pain wears off. (b) 
 
 By thrufting the end of his Tail, faith Pifo, up into a Mans i.° 5 .' c . , 5 . c '’ 
 Fundament, he kills him immediately. But he feems here 0 >) bontius - 
 falfly to attribute that to this Serpent, which he doth much 
 more probably to the B OI G U A C U. For this is but a 
 leffer fort, feldom exceeding a yard and f and therefore 
 cannot do it by girding a Man about. And for there be¬ 
 ing any Venirne in the Rattle, it was, I believe, hardly ever 
 imagin’d by any other man. Their progreffive motion, 
 faith Job. Lerius , is fo fwift, that they feem to fly. Which 
 makes the Rattle to be fo much the more ufeful, in giving 
 timely notice of their approach. Some of the largefl are in 
 Panuco , a Province of Mexico. ’Tis faid, that the fmell of 
 
 Dittany kills him. (c) M^Tranf. 
 
 It is affirmed by Marggrarius and others, that as many n.j.’&n"* 
 years old as the Serpent is, the Rattle hath fo many joynts. 
 
 Which if it be true, then they will live at leaf! fixteen 
 years, forne Rattles (as this here) confiding of fixteen 
 joynts. Which makes the Tradition very fufpicious. 
 
 About fourteen more SKINS of the RATTLE¬ 
 SNAKE. Some of them are all over of a dark-brown. 
 
 Others chequer’d with a brown, upon afh-colour. 
 
 Several RATTLES of the fame Serpent 5 rnoft of 
 them compofed of above ten joynts. 
 
 A POWDER faid to be taken out of a Serpents 
 
 H 2 Head, 
 
5 2 
 
 Of Serpents, 
 
 Part I 
 
 Head. Tis as white as Starch, and taftlefs. Makes a noife 
 between the Teeth, like that Mineral called Agaricus Mine¬ 
 rals. Acid, and efpecially Nitrous Spirits dropped upon 
 it, produceth a confiderable effervefcence. 
 
 The SERPENT-STONE. Said by fome, to be 
 factitious, By others, to be a Natural Animal Stone. Par¬ 
 ticularly by Sir Phi liber to Vernatti, an obferving Perfon, to 
 be taken out of the Head of a Serpent in Java, from whence 
 it was Pent by him hither. It feems to be that called Bul- 
 golda , which Boetius , out of Ferdinando Lopez., faies is taken 
 out of the Head of an Animal, which the Indians call Bui- 
 goldalf Whether it be natural or artificial, I fhall here de- 
 fenbe it. 
 
 Tis about l of an inch long, above * over, and ? thick 
 flat and almoft orbicular, like a Cowllip-Cake, or other 
 like Confection. All round about very fmooth,and fhinmg, 
 for the greater part, black; but with fome afh-colour inter- 
 mixedjfo as to look like aRiver-pebble.But of a fubflance foft 
 and friable,like the Oriental Bezoar. And in like manner,as 
 the fame Stone, is eafily diffolved with any Nitrous Spirit 
 dropped upon it, but not with other Acids. Which is to 
 me an argument that it grows within fome Animal: it 
 being the nature of moll Animal-Stones, to be diffoluble 
 only by Nitrous Spirits. 
 
 foph. P Twnf. ^ ir l> ^ ilihert0 M amonglt other paffages of this Stone, 
 
 N. 6. Etith, That if it be laid to a Wound , made by any Ve- 
 nirnous Creature, it is Paid to flick to it, and fo to draw away 
 all the Venirne. And the like I have heard affirmed of the 
 fame Stone by a Phyfitian of Note in this City. 
 
 Sect. 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of ‘Birds. 
 
 s 
 
 0 F 
 
 E C T. IV. 
 
 BIRDS . 
 
 CHAP. I 
 
 Of Land-Fowls , and of their Barts. 
 
 A Great BAT or FLITTER-MOUSE of the 
 WEST-INDIES. Vefpertilio Americ. The Bat 
 Hands in the Rear of Bealls, and in the Front of 
 Birds. I meet with no full Defcription of this kind. From 
 his Nofe-end to his Anus almoll a foot. His Body almoft 
 three inches over. His Head two inches and l long, one 
 and I over. His Nofe like a Dogs, the end about l inch 
 broad. His Ears extream thin, about * of an inch long,- 
 and as broad; an inch and l afunder. His Eyes I of an inch 
 long. He hath fix and thirty Teeth. In each Chap before^ 
 are four little ones, roundifh, blunt, and almoft flat-ended; 
 rather Tunfores , than Incifores. The next are large, lhaped 
 like the Tusks of a Dog, two in each Chap. Next to thefe, 
 two more of the firft kind in each Chap. And laft of all 
 twenty Grinders. 
 
 The Wings ftretched out, are two or three inches above 
 a yard wide from end to end. The upper part of the Arm 
 that governs them, about four inches long, andfleihy ,fc. 
 an inch over. The next, or the Cubitus alfo four inches 
 long, tendinous, and {lender, not above I of an inch thick. 
 The Fingers are five, or four and a Thumb. Each hath 
 three Bones. The firft Bone of the fore-Fmger or Thumb, 
 is above I an inch long 5 the middlemoft, an inch and l; 
 the laft very (Fort, fhcathed within a {harp and crooked 
 Claw, I of an inch long, almoft like that of a Hawk. The 
 firft Bone of the next Finger, is above three inches long 5 
 the middlemoft , but I of an inch; the laft, about l an 
 inch 5 having a very little Claw. The firft Bone of the 
 third or middle Finger, is four inches long 5 the middle¬ 
 moft, 
 
Part L 
 
 54 Of Birds , 
 
 moft, three 5 the laft, three and i The fir ft of the fourth, 
 is alfo four inches long 5 the middlemoft, two and I - 
 the iaft, as much. The firft of the fifth or utmoft Finger' 
 is alfo four inches long 5 the middlemoft, two ; the laft, as 
 many. 
 
 His Thigh an inch and 4 long, and flefhv, yet not much 
 above i inch over. His Leg two inches long, tendinous 
 and about i of an inch thick. The Tedium , above 4 inch 
 long. The Toes, five ; each of them about an inch and 4 
 long; and each having a Claw, like that on his Thumb. 
 The two inmoft, have each two Bones 3 the other have 
 three. 
 
 The Membrane which makes the Wings, excepting 
 only his Head, Neck, two joynts of his Thumb and the 
 bottom of Ins Feet, is fpread from the top of his Back, over 
 all his Parts. 
 
 He hath no Tail. 
 
 The lhape and number of his Teeth, fhew him to be a 
 Voracious Creature. The Claws of his Thumb and Feet, 
 that he is alfo Rapacious. The ftructurc of his Wings is 
 admirable. For were they to be always ftretched out, 
 they were (as to the length of the Bones) the moft irregular 
 and ill contrived of any thing that ever was feen. " But 
 being made to open and (hut, ihew the greater Artifice , in 
 having the Bones of fuch a length, as might ferve for all 
 the Pofitions betwixt being quite open and quite clofe. 
 The particular explication whereof, notwithftanding, can- 
 not be made, without examining the feveral Mufcules, by 
 winch all the faid pofitions are determin'd. 
 
 Another WEST-INDI A N B A T of the fame 
 kind. There are many of them in Bra file. The Chine- 
 W Ki 5 .f : i es efteem of them as a delicate fort of meat, (a) Barlaus 
 in ‘ ir< mentions a Water-Bat, which the Natives of Bra fie call 
 (b) Res Bra- Gmcucua. (b) In the fame Ifland, there is a fort of great 
 m ' p ' 324- Iktt, that as Men lie afleep with their Legs naked, wilkfuck 
 their blood at a Wound fo gently made, as not to awake 
 , them: whereby they are oftentimes in danger of bleeding 
 
 N° s to death - CO 
 
 The HEADofanOSTRICH. Caput Struthio- 
 cameh. He is accurately defcribed in Mr. WillugM/s 
 Ornithologia. His Head, like that of a Goofe 3 he hath 
 
 , great 
 
Part I. 
 
 55 
 
 Of Birds. 
 
 great thick black Hairs on his upper Eye-lid, as in Quadru- 
 pedesj his Tail Handing in a Bunch, and not expanded, as 
 in other Birds; his Wings very ihort and little; and his 
 Foot not divided into three or four Toes, as in other 
 Birds, but into two only 5 which are his principal Cha¬ 
 racters. 
 
 The Oftricb is the greateft of Birds; when he holds up 
 his Head and Neck, near two Ells high, (a) In the King- M Willugh. 
 dom of Abafia, they are as big as Affes. (b) The American, r 
 
 are lefTer than thofe of Africa, (c) 
 
 He flys not, becaufe his Wings are Ihort. But with their 2 
 help, is able to out-run a Horfe. (d) He is a gregarious (d) cdnf 
 Bird. His Feathers are made ufe of for the adorning of""' °f Plin y- 
 Hats, Caps, &c. for making of Womens Fans, and the 
 like, (e) The Stomach of an Oftricb , faith Schroder, taken (0 Willugh 
 in power, wonderfully dijfolves the Stone.. (/) ’Tis probable JpiuiLc. 
 it may bring away Gravel. 
 
 The Leg of an OSTRICH. ’Tis near half a yard 
 long without the Foot. The Foot, no lefs than ten inches, 
 as long as of moft men. The Leg-Bone in the fmalleft 
 part four inches about,and in the Joynt nine inches: which 
 is thicker than in moft men. It hath but one triangular 
 Claw; of that fubftance, as to look liker a little Hoof, and 
 feems rather harder than that of a Horfe. 
 
 The CASSOWARY. Emen. Accuratelydefcribed 
 by Clufiws, and pictur’d in WiUughbys Ornithologia. His 
 Bill, almoft like that of a Goofes, but not fo broad. Next 
 to the Oftricb, he is the greateft of Birds; and in Bulk little 
 inferior,but not near fo tall. On the top of his Head, hath 
 a horny Crown, which falls off when he moulters, and 
 grows again with the Feathers. His Wings extream fmall. 
 
 The plumage of his Feathers fo little, that he feems at 
 a diftance to be hairy. Hath three Toes without a Heel, as 
 the Buftard. Hath no Tail: which are his chief Marques. 
 
 He is brought from Tabrobana, the Molucca Illands, and 
 others of the Eaft-lndies. 
 
 The HEAD of a CASSOWARY. The Bill is 
 longer, but not fo broad, and fo the mouth not fo wide, as 
 of an Oftricb. 
 
 The LEG of a CASSOWARY. Tis almoft as 
 long, and as thick, as that of an Oftricb. 
 
 Ths 
 
(a) Wil- 
 lugh. Orni- 
 thol. 
 
 {h) Ibid. 
 
 (c) Clufius. 
 
 (d) SVc Ex- 
 erc. 228. 
 
 S. 2. 
 
 The HEAD of the SEA-EAGLE or OSPREY. 
 Caput Haljaeti. 
 
 The CLAWS of the fame BIRD. Seethe full 
 Defcription of the Bird in Willugbb/s Ornitbologia. 
 
 The Eagle breeds abundantly on the Mountains Taurus 
 and Caucasus. Not only comes into England, {a) but is 
 Paid to build yearly on the Rocks of Snowdon in North- 
 Wales. In (b) the Year 1 668. on the Poke in Darbyjhire , 
 was found an Eagles Neft, flat or level, and about two Ells 
 fquare 5 together with a young one in it. 
 
 The BIRD of PARADISE. By the Natives of the 
 Molucca Iflands (where they breed, and by whom they are 
 worfhipped,) called MANUCODIATA, i.e. The 
 Bird of God. Becaufe they know not from whence they 
 come 5 and for their beauty. From his fwift flight 
 to and again, the Indians, in their Language, call him a 
 Swallow. Marggravius reckons up fevcral forts of them, 
 and defenbes them all. The lead kind, Clufius calls 
 the King. Becaufe (as he faith, from the report of the 
 Dutch Mariners) as they fly together, about 30 or 40 in a 
 flock, he always keeps higher than the reft.) Befides the 
 fmallnefs of his Body, in refpedt to what his copious Plumes 
 fhew him 5 the long Feathers which grow upon his fides 
 under his Wings, and are extended thence a great way 
 beyond his Tail 5 and the two long Strings or Quills 
 which grow upon his Rump, do moft remarkably dilhn- 
 guilh him from all other Birds. He is elegantly figur'd in 
 Calceolarius’s Mufaum,with the Title of Chameleon aereus. 
 
 Antonins Pigafeta was the firft that brought this Bird, or 
 any certain knowledge of him into Europe. ( c ) Before 
 which, he was believed, not only by the Vulgar,but by Na- 
 turalifts, (amongft whom Scaliger ( d) was one) that they 
 had no Legs, but always flew up and down fufpended in 
 the Air, by the help of their Wings and Tail fpread all 
 abroad. According to which filly fancy, he is alfo pictur’d 
 in Gefner. 
 
 Agreeable to this concpit, it is likewife commonly 
 thought, and by Georgius de fepibus , who deferibes the 
 Mufaum Romanum , is affirmed, that thofe two long Quills 
 that grow upon the top of this Birds Rump, being at his 
 pleafure twined or wrapped round about the boughs of 
 
 Trees, 
 
Part I. Of ‘Birds. 
 
 57 
 
 Trees, lerve quietly to fufpend him. Whereas, as Mr. Wray 
 hath alfo rightly obferved, (a) not being Mufcular, it is mi - (a) Wii- 
 poilible they Ihould be of any fuch ufe. His hooked Claws [°“S hb - 0r - 
 ihew him to be a Bird of Prey ; and he ordinarily flys at 
 Green-Finches, and other little Birds, and feeds on them, (b) ' h} Bont - 
 The Tarnacenfes Ihoot them down with Darts, (c) (cj Ibid- 5 ' 
 
 Two more MANUCODIAT A’S of the fame 
 Species. 
 
 The GREAT RED and BLEW PARROT. 
 Pfittacus Erythrocyaneus. All the great kind called alfo 
 M ACC AW and Cockatoone. It was fent hither from 
 Java. See his Defcnption in Willoughby’s Ornithologia. 
 
 There are of thefe greater, the middlemoft called /’op in¬ 
 jay es, and the lefler called Perroqueets , in all above twenty 
 forts. Their more remarkable Parts,are their hooked Bills, 
 whereby they catch hold of Boughs, and help to raife 
 themfelves up in the climbing of Trees. Their broad, 
 thick, and mufcular Tongues, for which they are called 
 av9f<»7ro / yAi»'Hoi, and by which they are the better enabled to 
 (peak, and to rowl their meat from fide to fide under the 
 edges of their Bills: and their Feet, which, like thofe of 
 the Woodpecker , have two Toes before and two behind, 
 with which they bring their meat to their mouths ; and 
 that after an odd way, [c. by turning their foot out¬ 
 ward. (d) (d) Wil- 
 
 The Parret only, faith Scaliger , (e) with the Crocodile, 
 moves the upper Jaw : Yet the fame is affirmed of the (e) Exercit. 
 Hippopotamus , by Columnar of the Lizard, by Wormius - 2 3 6 - s -*• 
 and of the Pheenicopter, by Cardan. Which confirms 
 what I have faid under the Defcription of the Skeleton of 
 a Crocodile, and in what fenfe it is abfurdly faid of them 
 all. In their Cheeks, faith Pifo, (/) in each Noftnl, and f j 
 on the top of their Heads, in a certain Tumor, there lies, ’ CCI ’ 
 about Auguji, a thick Worm 5 all which, in a little time, 
 fall out of their own accord, without any fign left of their 
 ever being there. They are a gregarious fort of Birds, (g) db BarC - 
 They breed very numeroufly in both the Indies. In Bar- 11 
 hados, fly in flocks like Clouds. In Calechut they are forced 
 to fet people to watch their Rice-Fields, leaft they ihould (h) Gefrcr 
 fpoil them, (h) The flefh of their Chickens eats juft like a out o/Ludov. 
 Pigeon. (/) Romanus. 
 
 I 
 
58 
 
 Of Birds. 
 
 Part I. 
 
 The BILL of a BIRD, by the people of Brafile , called 
 COA. It is of a blackilh-brown mixed with alh-colour. In 
 lhape, and bignefs, very like that of the leaft fort of Parret 
 called Perroqueets. He is faid to feed upon all manner of 
 venimous things: and to be himfelf a Cordial. Which, 
 if true, yet is it not to be much admir’d. For if by veni¬ 
 mous things, be meant Animals that have a venimous 
 bite ; Do we not know that the flclh of fuch Animals, 
 as of Vipers, is efteemed a Cordial ? Or is it under- 
 ftood of things that are Tot a [ubftantia Venimous, or at 
 leaft malignant to humane Bodies, do not Ducks feed on 
 living Toads ? Again, what is a Cordial ? are not many 
 things fo call’d meerly from their collateral effect ? Car¬ 
 dans Benedicius it felf, and other things given as fuch, 
 Nature doth certainly abhor: but being able to caft them 
 off, by Vomit or Sweat, and fo perhaps fomething elfe 
 that offends her together with them, they are therefore 
 called Cordials. 
 
 A young LINET which being firft embowel’d, hath 
 been preferved found and entire,in rectified Spirit of Wine, 
 for the fpace of 17 years. Given by the Honourable 
 Mr. Boyl. Who, fo far as I know, was the firft that made 
 trial of preferving Animals this way. An Experiment of 
 much ufe. As for the preferving of all forts of Worms, 
 Caterpillars, and other foft Infects in their natural bulk 
 and lhape, which otherwife lhrink up, fo as nothing can 
 be obferved of their parts after they are dead. So alfo to 
 keep the Guts, or other foft parts of Animals, fit for often 
 repeated Infpcctions. And had the Kings or Phyfitians of 
 Egypt thought on’t, in my Opinion, it had been a much 
 better way of making an everlafting Mummy. 
 
 A young CHICKEN emboweled and put into rectified 
 Oil of Turpentine, at the fame time, with the Linet, and 
 preferved found ; Only there is a little fedement at the 
 bottom of the Glafs. 
 
 The HEAD of the HUMGUM , or Horned-Crow 5 
 called RHINOCEROS Avis. It was brought from the 
 E.aji Indies. ’Tis of kin to that deferibed by Bontius. 
 Mr. Willoughby gives the Picture, but no Defcnption. It 
 hath a Crown on the top of the Bill, of the fame colour 
 and fubftance therewith, and prolonged in the lhape of a 
 
 Horn, 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Birds. 
 
 Horn, to the length of i of a foot. Yet not bended up¬ 
 ward, as in that of Bontius , but (landing horizontal. 
 
 It is fpongy behind, and hollow before 5 fo that it is very 
 light, although fo big. The Bird defcnbed by Bontius, and 
 probably this alfo, breeds in Bantam and Molucca. 
 
 The nether BEAK of the RHINOCEROS Bird. If 
 we believe, faith Georg, de Sepbm, (a) the Reverend Fa* Y 0 Mufc- 
 thers, which are us’d to go to the Indies 5 the Bill of this ura Rotmn " 
 Bird is a mod precious Antidote againft all manrier of 
 Poifons. For which caufe alfo, the Indian Kings pre- 
 ferve it as a great Treafure, and account it a Royal 
 Prefent. 
 
 The HEAD of the CROWNED CROW Mr. Wil- 
 lughby pictures it. But I meet with the Defcription here¬ 
 of no where. Tis almofl a foot long. The Skull not above 
 two inches and i long, above two broad, and as high. The 
 Bill likewife as broad. The nether Beak an inch and I 
 high, one forked Bone, in the (hape of the Os Hyoides 111 
 a Bird, hooked or bended downward, the edges indented 
 like a Saw 5 but with the points of the Teeth directed for¬ 
 ward. The upper Beak an inch and I high, confifteth of 
 one concamerated Bone, bended downwards, and Toothed 
 as the other. To this and the Skull, grows a fquare horny- 
 Crown, about fix inches long, three and i over, and one 
 and * high, fpongy behind, and hollow before. The 
 Noftrils, which arc about ?of an inch wide, open between 
 the Eye and the top of the Bill. 
 
 The Teeth of the Bill, not being made to point inward, 
 but forward or outward, plainly fhews, that they ferve not, 
 as they do in fome other Birds, to hold fall the Prey 5 but 
 rather, for fome purpofe or other, to perform the ufe of a 
 Saw. 
 
 The HEAD of the TOUCAN, fo called by the Indians. 
 
 From the noife he makes, Aracari. (b ) And Pica Br aft lien~ ry , Plfo , 
 fs, for the likenefs of both their Tails, (c) In the Mufaum ro Wilt 
 Romanum , tins and the Rhinoceros Avis , are confounded. 0rn ‘ 
 They breed not only in Brafde , but alfo in Guajana , and 
 other places. This Bill was fent from Peru. See the 
 Defcription of the Bird in Air. Willughbys Ornithologia. 
 
 That which is moft remarkable of him, is, that his Bill is 
 almoil as big as Ins Body, which is not much bigger than 
 
 I 2 that 
 
60 Of Birds. Part I. 
 
 that of a Blackbird. The Bill and Head I fhall defenbe 
 more fully. 
 
 They are in length eight inches. The Skull but a little 
 above an inch and i fquare. The upper Beak , which is 
 prominent above the Skull near * an inch, is almoft two 
 inches high, and an inch and I over 5 confiding of one 
 not hollow, but very fpongy Bone, as the Crown of the 
 Indian Crow, or rather more5 with a ridge all along the 
 top, which is blunt behind, and very fharp before 5 the 
 end or point hooked down like that of an Eagle 5 and 
 both the edges Toothed, as in the Indian Crow. The 
 nether Beak near an inch and ; over, one and i high, 
 hollowed, ridged underneath, and Toothed as the 
 upper. 
 
 The Noftnls Hand llrangely, in a place altogether un- 
 ufual, fc. on the top of the Head, behind the top of the 
 Bill. The Teeth ferve, doubtlefs, for the fame purpofe, as 
 in the Hum gum, and the Indian Crow. 
 
 GO Lib. 3 . Within his Bill, faith Pifo, (a) in the place of the Tongue, 
 
 is contained a moveable Feather or black Quill. Were 
 it really fuch, it were mold abfurd to think it any other, 
 than one there by chance. But if a Tongue, or natu¬ 
 ral Part, it might have fome fuch odd figure, as to have 
 fome refemblance to the (lump of a Feather. 
 
 The BILL of the FLEMING of Suranam. Very like 
 to that of a Toucan., faving, that it is not fo fharp-ridged 5 
 neither is it fpongy within, but perfectly hollow. So that 
 the Bird feems to be an other Species of the Toucan 
 kind. 
 
 The LEG of a DODO. Called Cygnus Cucullatus , by 
 Nierembergius 3 by Clufiws , G alius Gallinaceus P ere grimes 3 
 by Bontim called Bronte 3 who faith, That by fome it is 
 called (in Dutch) Dod-aers. Largely defcribed in Mr. Wil- 
 lughby’s Ornithol. out of Clufms and others. He is more 
 efpecially difhnguifhed from other Birds by the Membra¬ 
 nous Hood on his Head, the greatnefs and ftrength of his 
 Bill, the littlenefs of his Wings, his bunchy Tail, and die 
 fhortnefs of his Legs. Abating his Head and Legs, he 
 feems to be much like an Oftrich 5 to which alfo he 
 comes near, as to the bignefs of his Body. He breedt 
 in Mauris’ s Ifland. The Leg here preferved is cover’d 
 
 with 
 
ART 
 
 I. 
 
 Of Birds. 
 
 6 1 
 
 with a reddifh yellow Scale. Not much above four inches 
 long 5 yet above five in thicknefs, or round about the 
 Joynts: wherein, though it be inferior to that of an 
 Oflrich or a Cajfoary , yet joyned with its fhortnefs, may ren¬ 
 der it of almoft equal ftrength. 
 
 The LEG, as it feems, of a certain MONSTROUS 
 BIRD. Tts half a foot long. Two inches and I about. 
 
 Hath five Toes. The fccond from the inmoft, the longed. 
 
 The fourth, the fhorted. The fifth or utmod the thicked. 
 
 It hath a very great black Spur, yet not crooked as a Cocks, 
 but drait, and Iharp-pomted, two inches long, and next 
 the Leg an inch and '■ about. 
 
 A KING-FISHER, Jfpida. Defcribed by Mr. WiUughby 
 and others. 
 
 Two HEADS of the GROSSBEAK called Coccothraujies. 
 
 See the Defcnption of the Bird in Mr. Willugbby s Omitb. 
 
 There is a molt curious Picture hereof in Dr. Charlton’s 
 Onomafticon Zoic. They breed in Germany and Italy: 
 but rarely, and not except in Winter, feen in England. 
 
 They will crack Cherry-dones, and Olive-dones too (which 
 areas hard again) very eafily 5 ( a) his Bill and Temporal c , a \ Wif - 
 Mufcules are fo drong. ,T h ' 0r 
 
 The HUMING BIRD. By the Brafilians, called Gua- 
 numbi. By Clufius , Ourijfia, i.e. a Sun-beam 5 becaufeof 
 his radiant-colours. By the Spaniards , Tommeius 3 be- 
 caufe ( b) one of them with its Nead, weighs but two (b ) J- de 
 Tomino’s , a weight fo called by the Spaniards , confiding 
 of 12 Grains. 
 
 J J- 
 
 12 drains. Marggravius reckons up and deferibes nine J- i-erius, 
 forts of them. be / om 0v1 ' 
 
 Yet whether he hath taken in this amongd them, feems 
 doubtful.lt is of the greater kind. From the point of his Bill 
 to the endtef Mus Tail, above four inches and Hong 3 His 
 Bill black,almod an inch and * long,as thick as a Shoemakers 
 waxed Thread 3 fharp-pointed, and crooked all along like 
 a Sithe, or exactly as the Bill of the Guar a or Indian Cur¬ 
 lew. His Head the third of an inch long, and as broad. 
 
 His Neck two thirds. His Trunk an inch. His Tail an 
 inch and i In which there are ten black Rudder-Quills 
 5 of an inch broad. Each Wing is two inches and I long. 
 
 Wherein there are fixteen Oar-Quills, of a blackifh-brown 
 or Agg/e-colour, a little more than I of an inch broad. 
 
 Of 
 
Of which colour are the reft of the Feathers, and no 
 where radiant, as of the other Species. His Thigh, i inch 
 long. His Leg, f On which are four Toes, above ? of 
 an inch long, and thick as a Taylors Stitching-Thread. His 
 Claws near * of an inch long. 
 
 The Leftcr HUMING BIRD. His Head is loft. From 
 the top of his Breaft, to the end of his Tail he is two inches 
 long. But his Trunk or Body alone, is not above I of an 
 inch in length. The other Parts are anfwerable. His 
 colour various: on his Wings and Tail, a dark-brown; 
 on his Belly, a yellowifh-Rcd 5 on his Breaft, White; on 
 his Back, Green, mixed with glorious golden Rays. 
 
 The Huming-Bird is every where ill pictur’d : even in 
 Mr. Willughby , for want of the Bird it felf. But all 
 thofe Birds, at leaft, whereof he had the fight, are moft 
 curioully and exactly reprefented. He is fuel to have a 
 loud, or Ihrill and fweet Note, emulous of that of a Night- 
 (a) Theve- ingale, (a) He moves Ins Wings fwiftly and continually. 
 
 becaufe he took his Defcription from the Picture only. 
 Gulielmus Pifo obferveth alfo the fame. And it is very likely 
 to be fo, as a Part more apt, by its length, and flexibility, 
 to thruft and wind it felf to the bottoms of the deepelt, 
 and moft crooked Flowers: in winch, and not the upper 
 and open parts of Flowers, it is, that the Ho ncy^Dew 
 which thefe Birds, as well as Bees, do fuck, is tifually 
 lodgd. *. z.* ;■ T 
 
 His Feathers are fet in Gold by. msfikt imzagp . and fold 
 (di chaiit. at a great rate. ( d) The Indians make of them very arti- 
 
 are there a fort both of Caterpillars and of Butterflys ,which 
 are transform’d into this Bird: and that in the time of 
 Transformation, there is plainly to be feen half a Cater¬ 
 pillar or hall a Butterfly , and half a Bird, both together. 
 
Part! Of Water-Foreles. 
 
 Yet the fame Author faith. That this Bird buildeth her 
 Ned of Cotton-Wooll, and layeth Eggs. That a Cater- 
 filler fliould produce a Bird 5 and a Butterfly too, the like • 
 and yet tins Bird lay Eggs to produce its own kind, are 
 three greater wonders than any thing that hath been faid 
 of the Barnacle. But we will rather fuppofc thefe men 
 were themfelves deceived, than that they defigned to de¬ 
 ceive others. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Of W AT E R-F OWLES, particularly, of the 
 Cloven-Footed. 
 
 r T“'Hc HEAD of the JABIRU. The Bird is defcribed 
 - by Marggravius , Pifo, and Willoughby. He is bigger 
 than a Swan. I will take leave to defcribe the Bill a little 
 more fully. 
 
 Tis above a foot and * long; The Skull about three 
 inches, and two broad. The Bill black, 13 inches long, 
 an inch and ? broad underneath. Both the Beaks are 
 bended upwards and crooked all along. The upper, an 
 inch and 3 high, confiding of one triangular Bone, having 
 a fharp Ridge on the top, and is lharp-pointed. Its hin¬ 
 der edges are carved with oblique Furrows or Grooves. 
 The Nodrils ; an inch long, an inch and i before the eyes. 
 The nether Beak an inch high, and concave, but one 
 Bone, or if you pleafe, two joyned together for the length 
 of half a foot from the point. 
 
 The obliaile Furrows in the Margins of the upper Beak, 
 are a lingular Contrivance of Nature, not only here, but 
 in many other Birds, for the more fafe reception of the 
 nether Beak; vidt. lead it fliould go awry either With¬ 
 in or without the upper, as often as it is forceably pull’d 
 to it, and fo caufe a didocation, or a drain. 
 
 Another HEAD of the fame kind and bignefs. 
 
 The HEAD of an INDIAN HERON. I meet nei¬ 
 ther with the Animal nor with the Head any where de¬ 
 fcribed, or figur’d. The Skull is about three inches fquare. 
 
 The 
 
64 Of Water-Fowles. Part I. 
 
 The Bill above * of a foot long. The upper Beak from 
 edge to edge near two inches over. Conhfts of one Bone, 
 Triangular or Ridged at the top, a little crooked down¬ 
 ward, Concave, and fharp-pointed. Its hinder Margins 
 are obliquely furrow’d, as in the Jabiru. The nether Beak 
 underneath two inches and '* over. Confifteth of two 
 Bones, joyned together for the length of not above an 
 inch and i from the point, which is not above a fourth 
 part of the length of Conjunction in the Jabiru. The 
 edges of both the Beaks run along in a ftrait line. 
 
 Of the ufe of the oblique Burrows, before. According 
 to the length of the faid Conjudtion of the bones of the 
 nether Beak from the point, the Bird may be conjectur’d 
 more or lefs voraceous. For by how much this is the 
 fhorter, by fo much more may the Skin of the Beak be 
 dilated for the comprehending of the greater Prey: as is 
 more remarkable in the Telecati. 
 
 The HEAD of an INDIAN STORK. I find not the 
 Bird, nor the Head, any where defcrib’d, or figur’d. The 
 Skull is four inches high, and almoft fquare. The Skin 
 of the Neck, as it is fluff’d up and ftretched out with 
 Wooll, is a foot about 5 ftanding out with a bunch in the 
 ufual place of the Crop. The Bill it felf is above a foot 
 long: and three inches and 3 high. The upper Beak, from 
 edge to edge, two inches over 5 is one triangular, and 
 fharp-pointed Bone, ridged at the top, and a little crooked 
 downward5 but with ftrait Margins , and obliquely fur¬ 
 row’d behind, as in the Jabiru. The Noftrils * of an 
 inch long, and two inches before the Eyes. The ne¬ 
 ther Beak confifteth of two Bones joyned together for the 
 length of three inches from the point 3 the edges whereof 
 are a little crooked upwards. Underneath, above two 
 inches over. The edges of both the Beaks are made 
 rough, like a Saw, with numerous fmall and oblique Inci- 
 fions directed backward, or looking towards the Throat. 
 
 The fame oblique and fmall Incifions are vifible in the 
 Bills of divers other Birds of the Rapacious kind 3 in all 
 made for the more fecure retention of the Prey. 
 
 Of our European Storks , feveral of the Parts are ufed 
 in Medicine, at leaft put into the Materia Medica 5 as the 
 Stomach, Gall, Fat, and Dung. Of the fame alfo are 
 
 pre- 
 
Part! Of Water-Fowles. 
 
 prepared Oleum Stillatitmm , Sal volatile , Aqua Antepi- 
 leptica, &c. Vulgus , ft decipi vult , decipiatur. 
 
 They fometimes (faith Mr. Willughby (a) of the Storke) (A Omith.- 
 devour Snakes and other Serpents: which when they be¬ 
 gin to creep out at their Breeches, they will prefently clap 
 them clofe to a Wall to keep them in. 
 
 A BUNCH of black FEATHERS , of the Creft that 
 grows on the Head of the lelTer afh-colour’d or grey Heron. 
 
 The length of thofe whereof Mr. Willughby makes men¬ 
 tion, was five inches; but of thefe, above eight. The 
 Turks value thefe Feathers at a great Rate. It is reported, 
 files Wormius, That in England it is death, to kill a Heron. 
 
 But our Lawyers know of no fuch Law. 
 
 The BALEARICK CRANE. He differs, as to his out¬ 
 ward fhape, but little from the European : having that on 
 his Head he hath a Crown of thick Hairs or Briftles very 
 full and fpreading. See the Defcription and Picture of the 
 Bird in Willughby s Ornithologia. 
 
 I once difledted tins Bird, but found not the fame kind 
 of Windpipe (with curious flexures) as is defcnbedby Bar- 
 thol. ( b) and Mr. Willughby , and by them obferved in the (b) Hift. 
 European Crane . They are therefore fo far two different Ccnt ' 4 ' 
 Species. 
 
 The HORN of the UNICORNE BIRD 5 In Bra file 
 called ANHIMA. Defcribed by Marggravius, and Wil¬ 
 lughby, out of him. His principal marks are thefe ; Headed 
 and Footed like the Dunghill Cock, :, Tail’d like a Goofe. 
 
 Horned on his Forehead (with fome likenefs) as the Vni- 
 come is pictur’d 5 Spurd on his Wings ; Bigger than 
 a Swan. The Male, fay Marggravius and Fifo, as big 
 again. 
 
 The HORN was given by Father Hieronymus Lob us. 
 
 In the Bird which Marggravius defcribes, the Horn was 
 but a little above two inches long. But this is above 
 three, and about as thick as a Bodkin. The top alfo of 
 this is not fharp, as figur’d ( and I doubt feigned) by the 
 fame Author, but blunt; and, contrary to what is feen in 
 Horns, rather thicker than toward the bottom. It is but 
 of a foftilh and brittle fubftance, inferior to the fofteft fort 
 of Horns. Confidenng which, and the bluntnefs of it, as 
 well as fmallnefs, compared with the Bird, it cannot be 
 
 K thought 
 
66 
 
 Part I. 
 
 ("<0 Lib.2.de 
 Nat. Deo- 
 rum. 
 
 (b ) Joh. dc 
 Laet lib. 15. 
 c.13. & Wil. 
 Otnith. 
 
 Of Water-Forvles. 
 
 thought to be defenfive or offenfive, as a true Horn, but 
 mult have fome other ufe. 
 
 Being taken in any convenient Liquor, faith Pifo, to the 
 quantity of about 3 b, it is often fuccefsful in Malignant 
 Fevers, and againft Poyfon, by provoking fvveat. 
 
 Tlie SPUR of the UNICORNE BIRD. It grows as is 
 above faid, on the fore-Joyntof the Wings. Triangular, 
 Sharp-pointed, and an inch and t long. Said by Marggra- 
 uius , miftakingly, to be flrait; it being crooked (a little 
 upwards) as a Cocks Spur$ and thereby fit more effectually 
 to wound. 
 
 The HEAD of the SHOVLER or SPOONBILL. 
 The former Name the more proper, the end of the Bill 
 being broad like a Shovel, but not Concave like a Spoon, 
 but perfectly Bat. The extremity of each Beak is a little 
 hooked downward. And they are both made very rough 
 within with numerous and crooked Stria. A device of 
 Nature, for the better holding of the Prey. 
 
 This Bird is of affinity with the Heron- kind, from 
 which he fcarce differs in any Part, having the Ball. He 
 feeds on ShelLfilh. Wherewith having fill’d his Crop, he 
 lets them lie there, till the heat of it makes them open: 
 whereupon difgorging them, he picks the meat out of 
 the Shells. Related by Gefner out of Ariftotle , /Elian , and 
 Cicero, (a) 
 
 The SEA-CURLEW. By the people of Brafile , called 
 Guar a. By C luflics and other Latin Authors, Numenius 
 Indicus , and Arcuata Coccinea. Given by Dr. Walter Charl¬ 
 ton. See the Defcnption hereof in IVi Hugh by s Ornithologia. 
 About as big as a Shoveler, long Leg’d, lhort Tail’d, with 
 a Bill flender, long, and crooked like a Sithe. But that 
 which is moll remarkable, is the alteration of his colours, 
 being at firft black, then alh-colour’d ; next white, after that 
 fcarlet, and laft of all crimfon, which grows the richer die, 
 the longer he lives. ( b) 
 
 The BRASILIAN MOOR-HEN, called Jacana. Given 
 by Dr. Richard Lower. See Marggraviud s Description 
 hereof. The Colours not the fame in all parts, as in that 
 of Marggravius 5 the hinder part of the Back and Tail 
 being here of a bright Bay or Cheflnut, inclining to 
 red: in his, only black and green mixed. Perhaps 
 
 depending 
 
PartI. Of Palmipede’s 
 
 depending on the difference of Ages as in the Guar a. The 
 Membrane wherewith he faith the Head is cover'd, in this, 
 growing on the Bill, is extended only over the Forehead 
 like an inverted Peak. He faith, that on all the four Toes 
 there grows a Claw, I an inch long: whereas the Claw of 
 the hinder Toe or Heel is at lealf an inch and Hong. On 
 the fore Joynt of each Wing, grows a Spur, as in the 
 Anhivia 5 but not above 1 d of an inch long, round, and 
 exceeding fharp. Which is omitted alfo by Marggravius, 
 but mention’d by Pifo. She is remarkably diftinguifhed 
 from all other Birds, by the flendernefs of her Legs and 
 Toes. 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 Of PALMIPEDES,or WEBFOOTED 
 FOWLES . 
 
 THe PHJENICOPTER; So called from the fcarlet- 
 colour of his Wings. By the French, Flammant , for 
 the fame reafon. Given by Thomas Povey Efq ; . There 
 are an abundance of them in Peru, (a) In Winter they ^ 
 feed in France. See Willughbys Defcription. His Neck Laet. 
 and Legs are exceeding long. When Scaliger therefore 
 faith, (b) That he hath the lhorted Legs of any Animal (b) Excrcit. 
 yet known 5 he would havefaid, the longed. 'But that 2 ^- 5 - 2 - 
 wherein he is mod remarkable, is his Bill. Whichlfhall 
 deferibe more particularly. 
 
 The Figure of each Beak, is truly Hyperbolical. The 
 upper is ridged behind 5 before, plain or Hat, pointed like a 
 Sword, and with the extremity bended a little down. 
 
 W ithin, it hath an Angle or fharp Ridge which runs all 
 along the middle. At the top of the Hyperbole, not 
 above * of an inch high. The lower Beak, in the fame 
 place, above an inch high; hollow, and the Margins 
 drangely expanded inward for the breadth of above i of 
 an inch, and fomewhat convexly. They are both fur- 
 nifhed with black Teeth (as I call them from their ufe) 
 
 K 2 of 
 
68 Of P*almifede /. P a r t I. 
 
 of an unufual figure, fc. {lender, numerous and parallel, 
 as in Ivory-Combs ; but alfo very fhort, fcarcc the eighth 
 of an inch deep. An admirable invention of Nature, by 
 the help of which, and of the (harp Ridge above mention’d, 
 this Bird holds his flippery Prey the fafter. 
 
 What Car dam affirmeth of the Pbxnicopter , That he 
 moves the upper Jaw or Beak, I have obferved, faith Wor- 
 (,) Lib.dc m ' lllA } to he true. Menippus the Philofopher alfo, (a) 
 Hunmu. tltc J hy Rondeletius, filth the fame. But Wormius adds, 
 That the caufe is not fo manifeft, as in the Crocodile: 
 yet (hews not, in what refpect. Hereof fee Seel. 2. 
 Chap. 3. 
 
 As tor the Phaenicopter , it mull needs be faid, That the 
 Rape and bignefs of the upper Beak (which here, con¬ 
 trary to what it is in all other Birds that I have feen, is 
 thinner and tar lefs than the nether) fpcaks it to be the more 
 fit for motion, or to make the appulfe, and the nether 
 to receive it. But there can be no determination of thefe 
 matters, without InfpcCtion into the Mufcules and the Ar¬ 
 ticulation of the Bones. 
 
 Another PHfENICOPTER. The Tongue of this 
 Bird, as Apicius faith, was a delicious Morfel amongft the 
 
 Roma?is. 
 
 The GREATEST LOON. Colymbus maximus five 
 Arliicus Clufii. Given by Mr. Houghtcn an Apothecary in 
 thologia?,'" London. Defcribcd by Mr. WiUughby. (b) This is as big 
 P ' 2 59 - as a Gcofe : of a dark colour, dapled with white Spots on 
 
 the Neck, Back, and Wings 5 each Feather marked near 
 the point with two Spots. They breed in Farr ifland. 
 
 The GREAT SPECKLED LOON of NORWAY. 
 By the people there called LUMME. Defcnbed by Wor- 
 tnins, and out of him by Mr. WiUughby. In the former, 
 the Spots are fewer on the Neck, more on the Back: In 
 this, more on the Neck, and fewer on the Back. There, 
 each Feather hath two Spots, here, but one, near the 
 point. 
 
 The Legs, both of thefe and the other Species of the 
 Loon kind, are broad and flat, by which they are difun- 
 
 ( c ) Wii- guifhed from all other Birds, (c) Their Claws are alfo 
 nlfh b p *2 5<5 ^ voa( ^’ in (hape almoft like a mans Nail; as Mr. WillngMy 
 
 (d) ibiil. alfo obferves. (d) They are called Colymbi. becaufc they arc 
 
 great 
 
Part I. Of ^Palmipede s. 
 
 great Divers. Their Legs are joyned to the Leins near 
 their Rump 5 That they may both (Vim and dive with the 
 greated fwiftnefs and eafe. (a) And their Bodies being 00 ibid, 
 hereby extended To much the farther from tire centre of 
 gravity, it becomes the more laborious to them to walk, 
 and fo inclines them to keep more on the water, as their 
 fitted: place; (b) as the fame Author much to this purpofe. p. 258; 
 
 The Skin of this Bird is fometimes worn on the Head and & 2 5? ‘ 
 Brcaft to keep them warm 3 and preferred before the Swans. 
 
 The BILL of the GREATEST LOON. It belongs to 
 the fird Species , but the Bird was of leffer growth. 
 
 The two' EEET of the GREAT NORWEGIAN 
 LOON. (c) (Y) wiil; 
 
 The FOOT of the LESSER LOON, called the DIDAP- o™. 
 
 PER or DOBCHICK. See the Defcription of the Bird in 
 Mr. Willugbby. All the Loons breed in Mona , Farr a , and 
 other Scotifh Idands. 
 
 The FOOT of the SHAG, called Graadus Valmipes. 
 
 See the Bird in Mr. Willugbby. He is a little bigger than 
 a Tame Drake. His Foot ftands more floaping than in 
 the Loon 5 the inmod Toe being the longed. It is obfer- 
 vable, that of all Web-footed Fowl ox Palmipede’s, only 
 the Shag and the Cormorant , arc known to fit and build 
 their Neds in Trees, (d) 60 Wii- 
 
 The PELECANE. Onocrotalus , from the noife he makes p 8 2 h 4 g rnithi 
 like an Afs. See the Defcription hereof in Aldrovandus , 
 
 Willugbby , and others. I add, That the fhortnefs of his 
 Trunk or Body, in refpcct to the other Parts, is obferva- 
 ble; not being a foot long : whereas from the end of his 
 Bill to his Pmrnp, he’s near an Eln long : and to the end of 
 his Toes, he’s above a yard and half. I fhall deferibe his 
 Bill a little more particularly. 
 
 The upper Beak, from the bottom of his Forehead, is 
 fourteen inches long 5 behind an inch over, and convex 
 or ridged 3 before, an inch and half over, and almod flat. 
 
 It is compofed of three Bones 3 the end of the middlemod 
 is hooked like a Hawks Bill 3 the edges of the two utmod 
 are fharp, and bended downwards 5 all made rough with¬ 
 in with five or fix edged-lines running through the length 
 of the Beak: thus well contriv’d for the holding the mod 
 dippery Prey. The end of the nether Beak, is almod like 
 
 the 
 
7° 
 
 Of c Palmipede r. Part I. 
 
 the Poop of a Ship. Tis in length fixteen inches, being 
 extended (I think further than in all other Birds) an inch 
 beyond the Eye: whereas the ufual Picture, makes it to end 
 as much before, or on this fide it. Partly by this unufual 
 production 5 the fwallow is the greater, as fit for fo vora- 
 ccous a Bird. It confifteth of two Bones, united together 
 only at the end. To which, and part of his Neck, is fub- 
 joyned a Membrane vaftly expanfible ; as appears in the 
 Bird here preferv’d, capable of above two gallons of Wa¬ 
 ter, and which Francifcm Stellutus , quoted by Mr. WiUughhy 
 out of Job. Faber , faith, he lets hang down and contracts 
 again at his pleafure. It may not be improperly called the 
 Crop, which in other Birds lies under the Neck, but in this 
 is extended to the very end of his Bill. 
 
 ’Tis probable, that the ufe of this Bag is not only for 
 the reception, but alfothe maceration of his Meat. And 
 that having taken his opportunity to fill it, by contracting 
 it, prefles the meat down into his Ventricle and Guts, 
 by degrees, as they are able to fubduc it. Befides the 
 luxury of the Taft, which perhaps he enjoys all the while 
 it lies in his Throat. ’Tis alfo probable, that the meat 
 being herein warm’d, and made a little tenderer, the Fe¬ 
 male doth difgorge part of it, wherewith to feed her 
 Young. And might occafion the Fiction, of this Birds 
 feeding her Young, with her own Blood. 
 
 The FIE AD of a PELECANE. Another of the fame. 
 Alfo the nether Beak of another. 
 
 The SOLUND GOOSE. Anjer Baffanus. See the De- 
 fcnption hereof in Gefner and WiUughby. Fie is in bignefs 
 and Feather very like a tame Goofe. But his Bill longer, 
 and fomewhat pointed, more like that of the Guilemot. 
 His Wings alfo much longer, being two yards over. 
 Near Coljhill in Wartvickjhire there was one found, Nov. 
 1 66?. (by fome means fall’n on the ground) alive, not 
 able to raife her felf up again for the length of her 
 Win. Wings. ( a ) But they fcarce breed any where except on 
 (b) ibid, the Rocks of the Illand Bafs in Scotland , (b) from whence 
 the Name. 
 
 She hath this ftrange property, that fhe will fwallow 
 and difgorge again a great many Fifties, one after ano¬ 
 ther 5 and at laft, return with one (in her Crop) to her 
 
 young 
 
Part I. Of 'Palmipede f. -j i 
 
 young Ones: related by Gefner from an obferving Scot. 
 
 It feems probable, that lhe trys which, of many will bell 
 agree with her own ftomach, and when lhe finds one 
 more delicate than the reft, lhe carries that to her Young. 
 
 When they come to build, they bring fo great a quan¬ 
 tity of broken Wood with them, that the People there 
 fupply themfelves from thence with as much as ferves 
 them for firing all the year, (a) (a) Gefnd 
 
 They are extraordinary fat. Out of their Fat the Scots 
 make a molt excellent Oil to be ufed in the Gout , and 
 other Cafes: Not inferior to that Oleum Comage 7 ium , fo 
 much celebrated by Pliny, (b) The young Gojlins are by (t) Gefiicr 
 them alfo accounted a great Dainty. ( c) 0Ht °f h. b. 
 
 The PENGUIN. So called from his extraordinary fat- “jfSi, 
 nefs. For though he be no higher than a large Goofe, 
 yet lie weighs fometimes, faith Clufius , fixteen pounds. 
 
 His Wings are extream fhort and little, altogether unufe- 
 tul for flight, but by the help whereof he fwims very 
 fwiftly. See his Defcription at large in the fame Author; 
 as alfo in Wormius , and Willughby out of both. I fhall give 
 a more full Defcription of the Bill. 
 
 Tis black, from the corners of his Mouth four inches 
 and i long. But the Horns, or horny portions, whereof 
 it chiefly confifts, are ihorter 5 in the upper Beak, a little 
 more than three inches long; in the nether, two. Again, 
 in the upper, it is obliquely prolonged from the Margins 
 to the Forehead; contrariwife , in the nether, it is ob¬ 
 liquely ihorten’d from the Margins to that part under the 
 Tongue. The upper Beak is an inch high, between the 
 corners of the Mouth as wide, but prefently nfes up into 
 a lharp Ridge. Its Edges about the middle, a little con¬ 
 vex , about the end, concave and lharp. They are double 
 Grooved, Jc. before and behind. In the end,’tis crooked, 
 lhe nether Beak behind as much over, as the upper5 
 towards the end, more comprefled. Hollow like a Trough. 
 
 Its edges lharp,and convex before 5 behind,they are groov’d. 
 
 In the middle, it bunches out underneath. The upper Beak, 
 is cut with feven or eight oblique and crooked Notches 5 
 the nether, with as many ftrait ones. 
 
 The height of the upper Beak 5 the lharpnefs, and the 
 extuberance of the lower 5 together with the grooved 
 
 Edges 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of c 'Palmipedes. 
 
 Edges of both, do all give the Bill a fure hold, and won¬ 
 derful ftrength. The three Grooves, as fo many Joynts, 
 keep the Beaks from diftortion, when in cafe of miffing 
 the Prey, they are fwifty and forceably clapt together. 
 The lharp Edges of the nether Beak, ferve inftead of Teeth. 
 The Bunch underneath, anfwers in fome meafure, to the 
 ftrength of an Arch. The hight of the upper Beak, to that 
 of a Board, when fet upon its Edge. 
 
 The Penguin breeds in Canada , in the Ifland called New- 
 land , m thofe of Fero , and of the Magellanic^- Sea, and is 
 therefore by Clufim called the MagellanickcGoofe. They 
 work themfelves, as the Coney, deep Buries by the Sea- 
 00 Wormi- fide, (a) 
 
 The AUK, RASOR-BILL, or MURRE. AlkaHoiari. 
 See the Defcnption in the forementioned Authors. She 
 breeds on the Rocks of the Ifland Mona in Scotland. As 
 alfo in thofe of Fero. Scarce fo big as a tame Duck, His 
 Bill is like that of the Penguin. But the upper Beak is fharper 
 Ridg'd: and the Horny part of it fhorter. The nether 
 hath a lefter Bunch. The Notches alfo on both are fewer 5 
 whereof one or more of them are white, as Mr. Willughby 
 rightly obferves. 
 
 The HEAD of an AUK. 
 
 The GUILLEMOT, fo called cfpeciallyin Northumber¬ 
 land ; in Wales , the Guillem ; in Torkrfhire, the Skout 5 in 
 lugh.Orni- Cornwall, the Kidd aw. (b) LOMWIA HOI ARI. Hes 
 thoi. like the Auk , but bigger. See the Defcnption hereof in 
 Willughby 5 as alfo in Wormi us. They build in Norway and 
 Ifland. As alfo in Farr a an Ifland in Scotland. 
 
 The HEAD of the GUILLEMOT. 
 
 The PUFFIN 5 called alfo Bottlenofe, Coulterneb, Mullet, 
 and Pope. Anas Arttica Clufii. Hereof fee Clufim, Wor- 
 mius, and Willughby. They are lefs than a tame Duck, 
 Their Bill is much like to that of a Penguin, faving that 
 the Horn of the nether Beak is not Ihorten d, as there, but 
 contrariwife obliquely prolonged from the Margins. Tis 
 alfo fhorter, and anfwerably higher, and therefore rather 
 ftrongcr. When they fight, they will hold by their Bills 
 , f° Hard, as fometimes to break one anothers necks, be- 
 
 Orn. ' l ' 8 ’ fo fe they’l part. Whatever (c) they eat in the day, they 
 difgorgc a good part of it in the night into the mouths 
 
 of 
 
Part I. Of ‘‘Palmipede*. yy 
 
 of their Pullen. They breed m IJland, in the Ifle of Mona 
 in Scotland , in thofe of Fero and the Syliies ; alfo in Ireland 
 and other places 5 laying their Eggs under ground. 
 
 The Puffin , Penguin , and Guillemot , all want the Heel or 
 hinder Toe. Have all black Backs, but their Bellies,which 
 are much under water, are White. All lay but one 
 Egg at a fitting : proper perhaps to other Birds of this 
 kind. ( a ) (V)Wiiiugh, 
 
 The HEAD of a PUFFIN. ° rnith - 
 
 The HEAD of the MAN of WAR 5 called alfo Al- 
 bitrojfe. Suppofed by fome to be the Head of a Dodo. 
 
 But it fee 111 ? doubtful. That there is a Bird called The 
 Man of War , is commonly known to our Sea-men; and 
 feveral of them who have feen the Head here preferved, 
 do affirm it to be the Head of that Bird; which they de- 
 fcnbe to be a very great one, the Wings whereof are eight 
 feet over. And Ligon, (b) fpeaking of him, faith, That HP- «/ 
 he will commonly fly out to Sea, to fee what Ships are Barttd, i x * ,: 
 coming to Land, and fo return. Whereas the Dodo is 
 hardly a Volatile Bird, having little or no Wings, except 
 fuch as thofe of the Cajfoary and the OJh icb. Befides, al¬ 
 though the upper Beak of this Bill, doth much referable 
 that of the Dodo ; yet the nether is of a quite different 
 fhape. So that either this is not the Head of a Dodo, or 
 elfe we have no where a true figure of it. I fhall defcribe 
 it as follows. 
 
 The SKULL is four inches long ; the Bill, feven 5 two 
 and -1 high ; one and i broad. The upper Beak is hollow. 
 
 Is compofed of fix Bones. The uppermoft whereof is four 
 inches and > long, above I inch high, and convex. The 
 middlemoft on each fide, alfo four inches long, and 
 about * of an inch high or thick. The lowermoft, above 
 five inches long, and i high. Their Edges are furrow’d 
 W )i ] iC l ue an d deep Grooves both before and behind. 
 
 All thefe five Bones are refunated or bended upward, with 
 fome refemblance to a Saddle. The fixth, at the end of 
 u ^ iS a won derful ftrong Bone, crooked exactly like 
 the Bill of a P arret , and hollow; by the bow, almofl: 
 three inches, and near an inch over. Its Edges are very 
 keen, and handing out with two fharp or pointed Angles. 
 
 The Noltnls are ■> of an inch long, and almoft two inches 
 
 L before 
 
74 Of ‘Palmipedes. Part' L 
 
 before the Eyes. The nether Beak is compofed of 
 three Bones. The two hinder, four inches long, near 
 an inch high, and bended anfwerably to thofc of the up¬ 
 per Beak. Their Edges are cut with deep Furrows. The 
 third, at the end of the Beak, is hollow, above an inch 
 long, near as high. Its Edges very lharp, and hard, and 
 exceedingly convex or bended downward. Underneath, 
 a round and fharp Pin grows out from it in a level towards 
 the Skull, near an inch and I long. It was brought from 
 the Indies. 
 
 The Tape of this Bill fhews it to belong to a Bird of 
 Prey, and as is moll likely, fome great Sea-Fowl ; which 
 I will venture to call The Great Indian Gull. The ftrength 
 ol the end oi the upper Beak is remarkable : as alfo are the 
 fharp and hard Edges of the nether, and the Grooved 
 Edges of both5 the ufe whereof fee in the Defcription of 
 fome other Birds,as of the Jabiru and the Penguin. The up¬ 
 per Beak feemeth to be compofed of fo many Bones, partly, 
 that if a Fracture Ihould happen to one, it might there ter¬ 
 minate, and the reft be fecur’d. 
 
 The GREAT GREY GULL, or the Herring-Gull. La¬ 
 ms grifeus maximus. Perfpicuoufly deferibed by Mr. Wil- 
 lugh by. Who only omits to fay, that the upper Beak is 
 bended upwards, as in the Bill above deferibed 5 and 
 (which is obfervable) that the Edges of the nether are not 
 lharp, as is ufual, but broad or expanded inward (and almoft 
 60 wth. contiguous) as in the Pbeenicopter. They (a) are very nu¬ 
 merous near Grave fend. 
 
 Another GREY GULL, whereof the Rump, Tail, and 
 upper part of the Wings are very white. Given bj Henry 
 Whiftler Efqi. 
 
 The TROPICK BIRD. So called, becaufe faid never 
 to be feen but between the Trcpicks. Avis Tropicorum. Well 
 deferibed by Mr. Willughby. He only omits the Denticu- 
 lation of the edges of his Bill, or thofe fmall oblique In- 
 cifions, which, from their inward refpect, are plainly made 
 for the better retention of the Prey. Befides fome very 
 fhort Feathers on his Tail, he hath two Quills above half a 
 • yard long. 
 
 Another TROPICK BIRD like the former. 
 
 Another all over WHITE, except the fore part 
 •> of 
 
PartI. Of the Eggs' and Nests of ‘Birds. 
 
 of the Wings. Both given by the forementioned Per- 
 fon. 
 
 The HEAD of the TROPICK BIRD. 
 
 The two Tail-Qmlls ot the fame. 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 Of the EGGS and NESTS of BIRDS. 
 
 O F EGGS, there is here a confiderable number: which 
 therefore I thought fit to put altogether in this 
 Chapter. Their Figures, as they Hand together, appear 
 the more various. For fome are almoft Sphatrical or 
 Round as a Ball: others, as the moil, are more oblong. 
 Of thefe, fome few are perfectly Oval, i. e. with both the 
 ends defined with two equal Ellipfes: but molt are Conical, 
 or with one end fharperthan the other. Of thefe again, 
 moll have their fmaller end but Blunt; fome few, very 
 fharp. Laftly, almoft all both Blunt and Sharp are Con- 
 vexly Conical, i. e. they are all along Convex, not only 
 per ambitum , but between both ends : whereas fome few 
 are Plano-Conical, whofe Superfice is in part level be¬ 
 tween both ends. 
 
 Their Colours arc alfo various; as White, Pale, Livid, 
 A(h-colour, Blew, Brown, Green. Their Spots, and Speckles, 
 are alfo Iron-colour d, Red, Bay, Musk-colour, Black, See. 
 the Caufes of all which, both Figures and Colours, were 
 no unfit fubject of enquiry. But here I can do little 
 more than Ihew, to what Eggs in particular any of them 
 do belong. 
 
 The EGG of an OSTRICH. Tis very fmooth, and 
 white 5 all over prick as it were with extream fmall brown 
 Specks. Almoft of a Sphterical Figure. About half a foot,by 
 its Axis, from end to end. Round about, by the breadth, 
 fixteen inches, e. near five inches and ; ftrait over. 
 Both the ends of an equal Convexity. Sometimes fo big, 
 faith Mr. Willughby , as to weigh fifteen pounds. The 
 Shell is of anfwerable thicknefs, in regard to its bignefi, 
 to that of other Birds Eggs. They are fometimes let in 
 Silver, and ufed as Cups. 
 
 L 2 
 
 Another 
 
7 6 
 
 Of the Eggs and Nefs of Birds. Part I. 
 
 Another white EGG, almoft Spherical. ’Tis fcarce fo 
 long as a Hens Egg, yet is as thick, as that of a Goofe. 
 
 A third white EGG, almoft Spherical. Tis fcarce big¬ 
 ger than a little Nutmeg. 
 
 The EGG of a CASSOARY. The Shell underneath or 
 within is white : without, it is all over rough-caft with a 
 Teftaceous Cruft of a pale Green colour. It is of an ex- 
 abt Oval Figure, or with both ends equally Convex. In 
 length, by its Axis, five inches, round about the breadth, 
 eleven ; i.e. a little above three and i ftrait over 
 
 Another EGG of a CASSOWARY, like the former. 
 
 Another EGG perfectly Oval, or with both ends 
 equally Convex. Exceeding white, as big as a Pigeons 
 
 Egg- 
 
 Another EGG perfectly Oval, but fomewhat lefter, and 
 of a light Alh-colour. 
 
 Another EGG exactly Oval, and alfo of a light Afh- 
 colour, but no bigger than a Nutmeg. 
 
 The EGG, as I take it, of the lefter DIVER or LOON, 
 In bignefs equal to a Hens. Of a pale wan colour. Ob- 
 tufely Conical, fo as to come very near to an exact 
 Oval. 
 
 The EGG, I think, of the WIGEON. It is of the 
 fame Colour and Figure as the laft deferibed: but fome¬ 
 what lefter. 
 
 Another EGG like the two former, but a little lefter. 
 Infcribed, Arts: perhaps of the Anas Arctic a os Puffin. 
 
 The Egg, as it feems, of the AUK or RAZOR-BILL. 
 Of a pale and livid colour, with Iron-colour d Spots 
 fprinkled all oyer it. Obtufely Conical. In bignefs,between 
 thofe of a Turkey and a Hen. 
 
 The EGG, perhaps, of the biggeft ArcTick Loon. It is of 
 a dark Green colour, befpnnkled all over with Spots of 
 a fad Bay. Both in figure, and bignefs, like that of a 
 Goofe. 
 
 The EGG of a CROW. Of a Blew colour, befpnnkled 
 all over very full with dark brown Spots. Obtufely Co¬ 
 nical. As big as a Pigeons. 
 
 The EGG of a GOLDFINCH. Of a whitifh Aft-colour, 
 befpnnkled with dark brown fpots. Yet not every where, 
 but only on the thicker end. It comes near to an exact 
 Oval. The 
 
PartI. Of the Eggs and Nefls of Birds. 
 
 The ECG, I fuppofe, of a HOOP. It is longer than 
 a large Damascene Plum. Obtufely Conical. OfanAlh- 
 colour, ftained with fpots of a fad or deep Bay, and of a 
 dark Brown. 
 
 The EGG of the KITTY. In Colour, Figure, and Big¬ 
 nefs, not much unlike the laft defcribed: yet fomewhat 
 lefler, and almoft exactly Oval. 
 
 The EGG ot the CADEY. Perhaps the Jackdaw , by 
 fome alfo called the Caddo. It is of a pale Blew, befprinkled 
 with dark Spots. 
 
 An afh-colour d EGG, fpeckled with Spots of a fad Red. 
 Obtufely Conical; and as big as that of a Pigeon. 
 
 i he EGG ot the SEA-MOIT. In colour, almoft like 
 the laft defcribed. In bignefs like to that of the Hoop. 
 
 An EGG in ihape and bignefs, like a Damajcene Plum. 
 Dyed with a toll Blew, and fprinkled here and there with a 
 few fpots of a fid Bay. 
 
 The EGG of a REDSTART. Of a whitifh Afh-colour. 
 Speckled on the thicker end only, with a few fpots of a 
 fad Bay. In figure and bignefs almoft like an ordinary 
 Acorne. 
 
 A pale wan coloured EGG, in bignefs not much unlike 
 the former. 
 
 The EGG of a WAGTAILE. Of the fame bignefs with 
 the laft, but more Conical. Of a white colour befprinkled 
 with very fmall and numerous fpecks of a blackilh 
 tincture. 
 
 An EGG of the fame colour with that of the Redjlart , but 
 more Corned. 
 
 The EGG of a THROSTLE. Of a pale Blew, and 
 fpeckled with a few fpots of a fad Bay.. As big as a lefler 
 Damascene Plum. But with one end iharp. 
 
 The EGG of a STONERUNNER. Of an Afh-colour, 
 befprinkled with fad Bay fpots. Conical, and (harp. Of 
 the bignefs of a little Walnut. Here are four of them. 
 
 Jbe EGG of a ROOK. Painted all over with Green 
 and dark Brown fpots. Conical, and iharp. Somewhat lefs 
 than a Crew’s. 
 
 An Afh-colour d EGG, befprinkled with fad Bay fpots. 
 Conical, and Iharp. Almoft as big as a Pullets. 
 
 The EGG of the SEAMEW 5 perhaps, of the lefler 
 
 GULL. 
 
7 8 
 
 Of the Eggs and Neds of Birds. Part I. 
 
 GULL, Of an Aih-colour tinged with blackilh. fpots. 
 In bignefs equal to that oi a Hen. But acutely Co¬ 
 nical. 
 
 An EGG of a kind of Grccmih Alh-colour. In bignefs, 
 and in lhape like that of a Stonerunner. Here are two of 
 thefe. 
 
 The EGG of the HO UNITE 3 perhaps, the SEAPIE. 
 Of an Aih-colour mixed with a kind of Citrine , and 
 ftained with blackifh fpots. Almoft as big as that of a 
 Hen. 
 
 The EGG of a RED-SHANK. Of a kind of Straw 
 colour, tinged with fad Bay fpots. Aloft acutely Conical, 
 or with one very fharp end. In bignefs like to that of a 
 Rook, but a little (horter. 
 
 The EGG, as I take it of the GUILLEMOT. Of a 
 Green colour , ftained with Black fpots. Acutely Coni¬ 
 cal 5 and alfo, in part, level between both ends or Plano- 
 conical. Somewhat bigger than that of a Turkey. 
 
 The EGG of a LAPWING. Of a kind of Citrine colour, 
 ftained with large black fpots. Sharp, and Plano-conical. A 
 little bigger than that of a RedJhanT 
 
 The EGG of the SEACOB; a kind of GULL. Of an 
 Aih-colour, befpnnkled with little black fpecks. In lhape 
 very like to that of a Lapwing. But not above half as 
 big. 
 
 The EGG of a HEN, with a thick knob fo growing 
 on its greater end, as to appear to have been originally 
 liquid. 
 
 The EGG of a SWAN with another within it. Given 
 by Sir Thomas Brown of Norwich. Who hath alfo obferved 
 the like both in Hens and Turkeys. The utmoft feemeth to 
 be a little bigger than ordinary, fc. near five inches long 
 by its Axis, and ten round about, or three and I ftrait 
 over. In lhape like a Turkeys. The other which is in¬ 
 cluded fticks fail to the fide of the greater 5 whether it 
 did fo originally, as alfo whether both oi them contained 
 White and Yelk, is uncertain. It is oi the fame figure, 
 about four inches long, bigger than the biggeft Hens Egg. 
 The Shell of the fame hardnefs and thicknefs as that of the 
 greater. 
 
 ’Tis plain, that the leffer Egg was firft perfectly form’d. 
 
 Bat 
 
19 
 
 P a R t I. Of the Eggs and blefts of Birds „ 
 
 But not being big enough to provoke the Uterus to exclu- 
 lion, new matter gather’d round about it for another 
 Egg: and was the more cafily fupplied, becaufe fo little 
 {pent upon the former. And it may be noted. That Na¬ 
 ture is fo intent upon fimlhing her Work, that Ihe may be 
 obferv’d much oftener to over do, than under do : you 
 ihall find twenty Eggs with two Yelks, or hear of twenty 
 Animals with two Heads, for one that hath none. 
 
 From the Egg with the Lump at the greater end, it 
 fecms alfo plain, That the Shells of Eggs, although as hard 
 as any Animal Stones, yet are not bred, as thole, out of 
 ftony Parts vifibly prteexiftent in liquor, and fo clufter’d 
 together: but out of a liquid fubltancc, not much un¬ 
 like to that which is feparated by the Reins of Birds. 
 
 Of the figure of the Egg, it is obfervable, That it ufu- 
 ally anfwers to that of the Body or Trunk of the Bird to 
 which it belongs : as the Friut is longer or broader, an- 
 (werable to a tall or fpreading Tree. And as it is a Tran- 
 fenpt from the Original; fo it fell' an Original for the 
 next Copy. So thofe Birds that have a Rump and hinder 
 Parts more Oval and fpreading, as the Duck. ; or more 
 Conical, as the Dunghill-Hen ; breed, and are bred of Eggs 
 alike fhaped, vig. That fo there may be fufficicnt, yet no 
 fuperfluous Room, or Matter, for the Chick. 
 
 Of the Number of Eggs laid at one Breed, it is alfo 
 worth the noting. That Land-Fowl, and of thefe efpeci- 
 ally, fuch as are Domeftick, and whereof there is conti¬ 
 nually great ddfruction made , for the moft part lay a 
 conliderable number of Eggs for one fitting. Whereas 
 feme Sea-Fowls, (as Mr. Willughby obferves of the Pen¬ 
 guin , and feme others) lay but one. Becaufe building 
 upon the Rocks, where they are feldomer deftroy’d, were 
 they greater Breeders, there would not be room enough 
 for the reception of the hundredth part of them. 
 
 The NEST of a little Bird of CHINA. Almoft of a 
 Semilunar Figure, and about two inches and I broad. Of 
 a white fubltancc, becoming foft, being moiftened, and 
 tranfparent like a Geliy ; whereinto it feems to be 
 convetnble, in part, being boiled: and by the Gentry 
 of China is efteemed a delicate fort of meat; although, 
 like that of Harts-Horn, it hath no Taft. Outwardly, it is 
 
 more 
 
So Of the Eggs and Nefts of Birds. Part I. 
 
 more clofe and folid 5 within, confiding of parts loolly 
 Netted together, as thofe in the middle of Harts-Horns , or 
 fome fpongy Bones. See alfo a fhort Defcription hereof in 
 Wormius. 
 
 The Birds breed in Coromandel , and build their Ne/ls 
 r i) Guiidm. (as is fuppofed of the Sperm of Fifhes) [a) on the fides of 
 the high Rocks 3 from whence the Natives fetch them, 
 (b) Muf. and fell them to the Chittefes at a great rate, (b) 
 
 The TREBLE NEST of an Indian Bird, made to hang 
 down from the Bough of a Tree, with three Venters or 
 Bellies, and three Necks all open one into another. See 
 the Picture of fuch a like one in WiUughbys Ornithologia. 
 
 T he NEST of another Eaft-Indian Bird, which, to avoid 
 the rapine of Apes and Monkey i ;, Ihe hangs down from the 
 Bough of a Tree,by a very long Neck. See the figure here¬ 
 of alfo in Mr. Willugbby. 
 
 The NEST of a little BIRD of BRASILE, which fhe 
 hangs alfo on a Tree out of the reach of Serpents. About 
 ten inches in length. Ihe Structure admirable. The up¬ 
 per part by which it hangs to the Tree is a flat Label, about 
 four inches long, and three over. To this the other two 
 Parts, fc. the Neck and Belly of the Neft, are fufpended. 
 The Neck is five inches long 5 below, an inch and i over 3 
 above, a little ftraiter. The Belly is likewife about the fame 
 length as the Neck, of an Oval figure, in the middle two 
 inches and 5 over. The Neck is open, not above, but be- 
 lov, at the very end : for this and the Belly hang at the 
 Label, as you would imagine a Sack of Corn hung up by 
 the middle, quite double. So that the Bird firft afeends 
 by the Neck, and then defeends into the Belly of the Neft. 
 
 It is compofed of Reeds and other parts of Plants cunouily 
 woven together, like a piece of Hair-Cloath. 
 
 A GREAT NEST of an other Weft-Indian Bird. Above 
 three quarters of a yard long, befides part of it broken off. 
 \V here broadeft, near a foot over, and almoft flat. Nar¬ 
 rowed from the bottom all the way to the top. It hath 
 . two Apertures. Above, about a foot from the top of the 
 intirc Nell, one larger and longer 5 below, fc. 1 a foot 
 above the bottom, another perfectly round, and three 
 inches over. It confifteth of the parts of Plants forne- 
 what loofely woven together. The Invention feemeth 
 
 very 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Fijhes. 
 
 81 
 
 very fubtile. The entry above, for the Bird her felf; her 
 Eggs and Chicks hanging fife at fo great a depth 5 the 
 lower, till thefe are fleg’d, being in the mean time dop’d 
 up with Feathers, Mofs, or other like materials: but after¬ 
 wards laid open for them, that cannot reach the top, to 
 flyout at below. 
 
 SECT. V. 
 
 OF FISHES. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 OF VIVITEROVS FISHES. 
 
 HTHe RIB of a TRITON or MAREMAN. About the 
 fame length with that of a Mans, but thicker and 
 ftronger 5 and nothing near fo much bended. The Fifh 
 to which it belonged, was taken near Brafile. Of this kind, 
 
 Wormirn, in his Mufotum , gives us divers Relations, toge¬ 
 ther with the Defcriptions of feveral Species. See alfo 
 Joh.de Laet. (a) of the fame. And Barlaus, who faith, OJL.15. 
 That in Brafile he is called Tpupiapra. c ' I2 ‘ 
 
 A BONE faid to be taken out of a MAREMAIDS 
 HEAD. It is in bignefs and fhape not much unlike that 
 called Lapis Manati 5 but the knobs and hollows thereof 
 are fomewhat different. 
 
 One JOYNT of the BJSCK-BONE of a WHALE. By 
 Anatomijis called a Vertebra. one of thofe Parts 
 
 or Joynts which anfwers to one Angle Rib on each fide. 
 
 It weigheth Thirty pounds Haverdupois. In length, i. ei 
 by the length of the Back-Bone, near < of a foot5 above 
 a foot high 5 and three quarters of a yard broad, i. e. by 
 the bredth of the Whale. The Hole in the middle of it, 
 which the Marrow of the Back pafTeth through, near half 
 a foot over. All its Knobs, are much alike thofe in Qua- 
 cirupedes. 
 
 M 
 
 The 
 
82 
 
 Part I. 
 
 (a) Mufe- 
 um. 
 
 (b) Hift. 
 Cent. 4. 
 
 Of F foes'. 
 
 The PISLE of a WHALE. In length, above a yard. 
 Near the Root * a foot round about, notwithstanding its 
 being now dry and much fhrunk. From thence it tapers 
 to the very end, which is fcarce one inch about. Tis now 
 as hard as a Horn. 
 
 Part of the EAR-BONE of a WHALE. Tis as hard, 
 and heavy for its bulk, as any Bone whatfoever. As big 
 as a labouring mans Fill:: The fame Bone which in an Ox, 
 is little bigger than a Nutmeg. 
 
 Part of a BONE faid to be taken out of the Brain of a 
 Whale, taken near the Bermudas. Given by Dr. John Wil¬ 
 kins, the late Bifbop of Chejler, to whom it was fent from 
 thence. It feems to be part of the Brain-Pan, that was 
 broken off' and ltruck into the Brain, when the Whale was 
 taken. 
 
 A ROUND BONE of a WHALE. Given by Dr. Walter 
 Pope. Tis almoft a foot Diametre, and in the middle 
 about five inches thick. Tis rounded on the Edges, and 
 thinner than at the middle, refembling a thick Holland 
 Cheefe. 
 
 Three more Round BONES of a WHALE 5 all of 
 them leffer, and one ratably thicker than the former 5 
 the other thinner, like a white penny Loaf. The third die 
 thinneft, almolf like a Tanfey. 
 
 Wormius (a) makes mention of a Matmfcript, entituled, 
 Speculum Regale: but written in the ancient Datiijh- 
 Tongue, as he faith is fuppofed, by King Suerron 5 in 
 which are reckon'd up two and twenty kinds of Whales: 
 of all which he gives a brief account in his Mujasinn. Of 
 which, the laif five one, is faid to be fometimes almolf an 
 hundred and thirty Elns long. The laid of all, liker a little 
 Ifland, than an Animal. 
 
 Rartholine (b) al& reckons up the fame number; but 
 with fome different Names, and a different Account; 
 which he gives from a Manufcript Hiftory of the Fifhes of 
 Iceland : which, faith he, a curious and obferving Shep¬ 
 herd of Iceland fent to Wormius fome years before his death, 
 with all their Figures. But how thefe two accounts agree, 
 I fee not. I would not think. That Wormius did here put 
 in the King, and leave out the Shepherd, to make the ftory 
 better. 
 
 On 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Fifes', 
 
 On the Snout of one of thefe Whales , called Hoddunefur , 
 grow about live hundred horny flat pieces, which Taylors 
 in Denmark ufe in malting of Cloaths. ( a ) The fame in 0) ibid, 
 fubftance, with that we call Whale-Bone , belonging to the 
 Finns. In Ijland they are fo commonly taken, That the 
 hard Bones are there ufed for the impaling of Houfes and 
 Gardens, (b) 
 
 The HORN of the SEA-UNICORNE. Given by Rom. u * 
 Sir Jofepb WiUiamfon now Prefident of the Royal-Society. 
 
 It is an entire one, eight feet long, or about two yards 
 and three quarters. Very beautiful in length, ftraitnefs, 
 whitenefs, and its fpiral Furrows bigger and lefs, making 
 about feven Rounds from the bottom to the top, or 
 point. At the Bafts or bottom, about feven inches round. 
 
 From thence, for about a foot, it fwells a little, and then 
 again grows flenderer, all the way, and fo ends in a fharp 
 point. Tis alfo conically hollow at the Bafts, for near 
 three quarters of a foot deep. 
 
 The fame Horn (together with the Fiih it fclf, fome- 
 times above 30 Elns long,) isdefcnbed by Wormim. (c) cy Mufeum 
 But I cannot, with him, call it a Tooth. In that, it per- Wor - 
 formeth not the office of a Tooth, but of a Horn. Nei¬ 
 ther doth it Hand as a Tooth, but horizontally. Nor is it 
 fixed in the Mouth, where all Teeth ftand, but in the Snout. 
 Thereafon why he calls it fo, is', becaufe it is fattened in the 
 Snout, as Teeth are in the Jaw. See alfo the Defcription 
 hereof in Bartholine. ( d) But in that he makes it to be (di Hid. 
 Gyris Intortum , is not (at leatt as to this Horn) fo clearly Cent - 4 - 
 exprefled •' the Horn it felf being ftrait, and not writhen, 
 but only furrounded with fpiral Furrows. The fame is 
 alfo transferibed by Teriagi out of Worm i its, into S eft alius s 
 Miifaum. 
 
 Of the Virtue hereof, Wormius mentions two Experi¬ 
 ments. The one, upon its being given to a Dog, after a 
 Dofe of Arfenickj but he exprefleth the quantity of neither. 
 
 The other, upon twelve Grains hereof given after a Drachm 
 of Nux Vomica. Both the Dogs lived5 whereas two other 
 Dogs having the fame Dofes, without the Horn, died. 
 
 Both experiments are attefted by feveral Phyfitians of 
 Note. 
 
 The credit of thefe Perfons is not doubted. But the 
 
 M 2 queftion 
 
8 4 
 
 Part I. 
 
 (a) Barthol, 
 Hift- Ccnt.4. 
 
 (b) Ibid. 
 
 (c) Ibid. 
 
 (d) Ibid. 
 
 (t) Tab. 4. 
 N. I. 
 
 Of Fifties’. 
 
 queftion is, Whether thefe Dogs might not have liv’d 
 without the Horn. As fome Dogs that have been bitten 
 by an Adder, have been obferv’d to get over their Con- 
 vullions, and recover. It is alfo faid in one of the Expe¬ 
 riments, that the Dog which liv’d, vomited : and in the 
 other, there is nothing Did to the contrary. The queftion 
 therefore is, Whether many other things, which will caufe 
 vomiting, may not do as well, as this fo much celebrated 
 Horn ? 
 
 Whatever it may perform againft Poifon, it hath, faith 
 Bartholhie , been very fuccefsfully ufed by Phyfitians in 
 Malignant Fevers. As in that, which at Coppenhage 71 in the 
 years 1652, and 1653. was very brief: and which it 
 carr’d oft with very great Sweats, (a) It was ufed alfo by 
 Albertus Kyperus at Leyden in the Year 1655. in the like 
 Cafe, and with the like fuccefs. ( b) And that the fweating 
 proceeded not rneerly from Natures own ftrength over 
 the Difeafe, but as fhe was helped by the ufe of the Horn 5 
 feems probable from what Bartholhie further faith, (c) 
 That a fcruple or 3 P hereof being given m Cardum-Water, or 
 other convenient Liquor, caufeth a free and copious 
 fweating, even in thofe that arc not ufed to fweat, except 
 with much difficulty. 
 
 Heretofore, the chief Bifhops in Denmark, ufed to make 
 their Epifcopal Staffs of thefe Horns, (d) The Natives of 
 GreenlandyevA other Places where the Sea-Vnicorne is taken, 
 arm the fharp ends of the thickeft and longeft of thefe 
 Horns with Iron Beards, and fo ufe them for the wound¬ 
 ing and taking of Whaley 
 
 The Sea-Vnicorne is it felf a lefter Whale , and is that Spe¬ 
 cies which the People of IJland. , where there are many, call 
 Narwhal. The figure which Glam Magnus gives of the 
 Head, is fictitious. 
 
 A PIECE of the SEA-UNICORNS HORN. 
 
 The SAW-FISH. Prifth. Johnflon hath given a good 
 figure (e) hereof, but without either Name or Defcription. 
 And that of Wormim is defective, and in fome particulars, 
 out. 
 
 This here is a young One 5 from the end of the Saw 
 to the end of the Tail, four feet. The Saw it felf above a 
 foot; near its Bafis , two inches broadj at the fore-end, 
 
 one 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Fifhes 
 
 one. Armed, on each fide, with feven and twenty Spikes, 
 each > an inch long, bended a little backward, and with 
 two (harp edges behind,as the Spur of the Vnicome Bird hath 
 above. 
 
 His Head very flat, about three inches long 5 behind, 
 almoft four inches broad; before, two. His Eyes an inch 
 long, as much behind the Snout, two inches diftant. 
 Above l an inch behind his Eyes he hath two Spouts,about 
 * of an inch wide, by both which (as forne Fifhes by a 
 Angle one) he calls out the Water, which in taking the 
 Prey, or otherwife, he receives into his mouth. Beneath, 
 dole by the Root of the Saw, are two oblique Noilrils, an 
 inch diftant, figur’d like the letter S. An inch behind thefe, 
 his Mouth, two inches and ? over. His Lips are rugged 
 with extream fmall round knobs. He hath no Teeth. 
 
 The Apertures of Ins Gills arc five ; placed obliquely, 
 not on his fides, but his Breaft, about four inches behind 
 his Mouth. 
 
 His Trunk or Body prefently behind his Head, becomes 
 fives inches broad, and about three high 5 from whence it 
 is again extenuated all the way to the end of his Tail. 
 
 He hath feven triangular Finns. On the bottom of his 
 fides, two Gill-Finns, not behind the Gills, as in molt 
 Fifties, but for a good part before them 5 near eight inches 
 long, above three broad, and almoft horizontal. Three 
 inches behind thefe, two Belly-Finns, two inches broad, 
 five long, and as much diftant. Directly over thefe, on 
 the Back a fifth, four inches long, above three high. On 
 the Back alfo, but near the Tail, a fixth, four inches long, 
 and as high. The Tail-Finn, as it were half a Finn, being 
 l a foot high, but underneath level with the Tail. 
 
 Cover’d all over with a tough and dark-colour’d Skin, 
 fomewhat rough, as you draw your hand forward: from 
 the Belly-Finns to the end of the Tail, as it were pinched 
 together into a little Ridge on each fide. There are many 
 of them in the Indian-Sca. 
 
 The reafon why he hath two Spouts, feemeth to be the 
 flatnefs and breadth of his Head or Mouth ; in which the 
 Water lying more fpread, could not fo expeditely be 
 earn d oft by a Angle one in the middle, as by one on each 
 fide. ' 
 
 He 
 
86 
 
 Part I. 
 
 (aJ Chari. 
 Onom. Zoic. 
 
 (b) Hifi.of 
 Barb. p. 6 . 
 
 Of Fijhes. 
 
 He is faid to defend himfelf from the Whale with his 
 Saw. Wherewith, by its flructure, ’ns plain, that he fetches 
 his ftroak backward or lide-ways, the Spikes being bended, 
 pointed, and edged, and fo made to prick and cut, that 
 way. 
 
 The SAW or SPIKED SNOUT of the SAWFISH. 
 ’Tis a very large one, four feet long, or above an El’n by 
 three inches. Its Bafts , excluding the Spikes, fcven inches 
 broad. On each fide are feventeen Spikes, moft of them 
 two inches and a long, and figur’d as above defcribed. 
 
 The length of the Fifh before defcribed,from end to end, 
 if compar’d with the Saw is as four to one. Therefore the 
 Fifh, to which this Saw belong’d, was near five yards and 
 halt long. Again, the number of Spikes in the Saw of the 
 Fifh now defcnb’d, compared with thofe in this great Saw, 
 is fomewhat more than as three to two. Therefore had 
 the faid Fifh liv’d to die Age of this to which the great 
 Saw belonged, it would have been eight yards in 
 length. 
 
 Five more fuchlike SAWS, fomewhat lefs. 
 
 The HEAD of the RAPIER-FISH; called Xiphias. By 
 the Brafilians , Araguagua. He is pretty well defcribed by 
 Rondeletiws. Grows fometimes to the length of five 
 yards. The Sword, which grows level from the Snout 
 of the Fifh, is here about a yard long, at the Ba[is four 
 inches over, two edged, and pointed exadtly like a Rapier. 
 He preys on Fifhes, having firfl ftab’d them with this 
 Sword, (a) The Whale , faith Ligon , to fhake off die Sword- 
 Fifh and TheJhall , his two mortal enemies, leaps, fometimes 
 more than his own length above water, (b) He is taken 
 frequently in the German Ocean; as alfo in the BlacfSea ; 
 and fometimes in the Danuby. 
 
 The HEAD of the TUCK-FISH. Of the Sword-fifh 
 kind, but a different Species from the former. Whether 
 it be any where defcnb’d, feems doubtful. The hinder- 
 parts of the Head are here broken off. The Snout is not fo 
 flat as m the Rapier-fifh, but thicker and rounder, more like 
 a fuel, from whence I take leave to name it. ’Tis half 
 a yard long; near the Head, two inches over; about the 
 middle, one. Not with a flat point, but one perfectly 
 round. The upper part hereof is fmooth, the nether 
 
 rough. 
 
Pa r t I. 
 
 Of Fifes. 
 
 rough, die fmooth and rough parts continu’d obliquely 
 from the Point to the Root. Both the Chaps are alfo 
 rough in the fame manner, in the place of the Teeth, 
 which this Fifh hath not. The nether Chap hath alfo a 
 different fhape from that of the Rapier-Fifh: this being 
 not above four inches over, that half a foot ; yet both 
 are a foot long. It is compofed of two Bones, lo joyned 
 together, for the fpace only of an inch and half, as to make 
 a fharp point. 
 
 Marggravius and Pifo (and out of thefe Johnfton) de- 
 feribean American -Fifh by the name of GUEBUCU, of kin 
 to this, the Head whereof is here defenb’d. But cannot be 
 the fame, unlefs both the Pictures which they give, and 
 Marggraviuss Defcription (who particularly faith, That 
 the Snout is fixteen inches long, the nether Chap, ten) be 
 falfe. For in this Head, the nether Chap is broader, and 
 comparatively not near fo long. 
 
 The HEAD of the UNDER-SWORD-FISH. It is de- 
 feribed by no Author that I have perus’d. The Fifh feems 
 to be a fmaller kind. The Head is of a triangular figure, 
 having one acute Angle below, and a blunt one on each 
 fide. An inch and quarter high; the Forehead an inch 
 over, flat, and fealy. In length ’us about two inches and 
 a quarter. The Eyes, proportionably , exceeding great, 
 fc. three quarters of an inch over. The Snout half an inch 
 broad, not above ? of an inch long, a little ridged in the 
 middle. The Chaps, inftead of Teeth, are rough with 
 many little Afperities, almoft as the skin of a Scare. 
 
 The Sword grows in a level, not from the upper but 
 the under Jaw, from whence we may give the Fifh his 
 Name. In length three inches ; near the Jaw half an inch 
 over, from whence growing narrow all the way, it endeth 
 in a Point like that of a Sword. It is not round, but flat, 
 as that of the Rapier-Fifh, and in like manner two-edged. 
 It feemeth to be compofed of two Bones, but very firmly 
 coherent edge to edge all the way. Whether this Fifh be 
 Viviperous, is uncertain; yet being of the Sworded-kind, 
 
 I have ventur’d here to deferibe the Head. 
 
 A pair of the MANATEE-STONE’S. Taken out of 
 the Head of the SEA-COW, by the Indians called Manati. 
 Bigger than the biggelt fort of Walnuts 5 with feveral 
 
 knobs 
 
 8 1 
 
88 
 
 Part I. 
 
 Of Fifties. 
 
 knobs and hollows, like as in the Ear-Bone, but much 
 greater. It is faid by Job. de Laet to be much com¬ 
 mended againft the Stone. There are two of them in every 
 Head. 
 
 The Head of the Manati is like that of an Ox or Cow, 
 from whence the Englijh Name$ his Eyes little , his Body 
 long, like that of an Otter 5 his two Feet like an Elephants. 
 Sometimes he is about thirty five feet or twelve yards long, 
 Onom'zoic. an d f° ur broad. (a) He feeds not on Fifties, but the Grafs 
 out of Hie- on the banks of the Creeks and Bays, (b) Calves and 
 Hift NoTb f uc kl es her Young (as fome other Fiihes) with two 
 1. a.' c. i 4 ! ’Duggs. (c) A certain bidia?i King kept and fed one of 
 Mi" 1 /'? 11, t h em with Bread fix and twenty years in a Lake near his 
 ( c ) c iu& Houfe, which grew tame, beyond all that the Antients 
 W ^chari. have written of Dolphins: He would fometimes carry ten 
 o/Petr!Mai-people on his Back, witheafe, acrofsthe Lake, (d) They 
 <y r - breed 1 n Hifpaniola, Jamaica, Brafde, and other places. 
 
 The BALANCE-FISH. Zygaena Libellct. Curioufly 
 pictur’d in Salvian. Where alfo fee the Defcription. He 
 hath lhs Name not unaptly from the ihape of his Head, 
 very different from that of all other Fifhes, being fpread 
 out horizontally, like the Beam of a Balance 5 his eyes 
 Handing at the two extremes, as the iron Hooks do at the 
 end of the Beam. He grows fometimes to the length of 
 four or five yards: but this is a young one. They breed 
 in the Mediterranian, efpecially, faith BeUonim , near 
 Smyrna. 
 
 The HEAD of a great BALANCE-FISH. It is two 
 feet I over, or from eye to eye. The Head of the leffer 
 now mention’d, is five inches over, the Fifh, 20 inches 
 long. That therefore to which this great Head belong’d, 
 was ten foot long. 
 
 The SKULL of the MORSE : fo called by the Mnfco- 
 vites 5 by the Danes, Rojmarm. He hath four feet, and his 
 Body fhapen not much unlike the SEA-CALF. But grow- 
 eth fometimes to be bigger than an Ox. In his upper 
 Jaw, he hath two remarquakble TUSKS, bended 
 a little inward. In this Skull, the exerted part is five 
 indies long, and four round about at the Root. His other 
 Teeth are undeferib’d. They are fixteen, eight on each 
 Jaw. Not Grinders but Punchers, or fomewhat anfwer- 
 
 able 
 
Part I, 
 
 Of Fifloes, 
 
 able in fhape ro the Tusks of a Dog. In the upper Jaw, 
 the longeft; Handing on each fide, two or three of them, 
 within fide of the Tusks. They have a final! flat on their 
 infides, againft which the Teeth of the under Jaw work:, 
 which are much fmaller, and flat-fided. The Tape of 
 thefe. Teeth feems no way fitted, and their ftrength very 
 fuperfluous, for the eating of green Leaves at the bottom of 
 the Sea, as this Animal is fuppofed to do. 
 
 The Figure which Olam Magnus gives of this Animal, is 
 fictitious. But that in Join de Laet (as to the Head at 
 leaf!) is a very good one: from whom Wormius borrows 
 his. One of the Cubs is accurately defcribed by Everh. 
 
 Vorfiius , quoted by John de Laet , by Wormius, and by Ter- 
 zagim Sept alias’s Mufiaum. This Animal, when he goes, 
 drags his hinder part after him, as the Seal. They always, 
 faith Scaliger , (a) come on Land in Companies 5 and when O) EwL 
 they fleep, one of them, as among Cranes, isfet to watch. 2lS ' s ' 
 They climb upon the Rocks on the Sea-fide by the help 
 of their great Tusks, wherewith, as with two Hooks, they 
 hold themfelves from fliping. They breed numeroufly 
 near St. Lawrence Ifle. 
 
 Their Tusks are ufed by the Turks and Tartars for the 
 making of Sword-Handles, (b) I have a Girdle, faith Wor- f 
 mius, (c) compofed of Plates made of thefe Tusks 5 which Tum. “ 
 being worn, is an infallible Remedy againft the Cramp : (c) Ibll! ‘ 
 a Spafmo proculdubio immunes reddit. 
 
 A piece of a MORSE-HIDE. Than which, faith Wormi¬ 
 us, l believe there is no Animal hath one more dole and 
 folid. I add, nor perhaps any that hath a thicker, being 
 above half an inch thick. 
 
 A PISLEjaid to be that of the MORSE. TT above a foot 
 long, and feems to be only the exerted Part. At the 
 Clans, half a foot about, now it is dry. The Muscovites, 
 filth Vorfiius , (if) take the Powder hereof to bring away the (d) Quoted 
 Stone. h Laet > '• 2 - 
 
 The MALE or WHITE SHARK. Cams Carcharias 
 mas. See the Defcription hereof in Rondeletius. This is 
 about two yards long, and near i of a yard over, where 
 thickcft. But they are found fometimes fevenor eight 
 yards in length, and more. One hath been taken, faith 
 (be finer, from an other perfon, near four thoufand pounds 
 
 N weight. 
 
9© 
 
 Of Fijhes. 
 
 Part I. 
 
 weight. The fharpnefs and multitude of his Teeth efpe- 
 cially, and the widnefs of his Mouth, are remarkable. They 
 will often bite off the Legs or Arms of thofe that ven¬ 
 ture into the Sea in a Calm 5 and fomedmes fwallow them 
 (a) Ligon’s up whole, (a) 
 
 11,:}. of Barb. Their Teeth generally, hand in a fix-fold Row 5 but 
 
 BeUonius obferves one with four Rows only. There are 
 fome other Fifhes which have as many, and the Scate hath 
 more: but take their Number and Bignefs together, and 
 they are more confiderable. In Septalius’s Mufxum, there 
 is one, faith Ter%agi , (in words at length) with a thou- 
 fand and two hundred Teeth. But neither hath this here, 
 nor had any other that I ever read of, near half fo 
 many. 
 
 Of his Optique Nerves, Rondeletius obferves, That 
 they are not, as in other Animals, but plainly Cartila¬ 
 ginous. 
 
 The Goldsmiths in France , faith the fame Author, fet the 
 Teeth of the Shark. (which there they call Serpents Teeth ) 
 in filver-Cafes; and the Women hang them about their 
 Childrens Necks, to make them breed their Teeth the bet- 
 tcr The Brain of the Shark., faith Wormius, (b) is highly 
 commended by fome for the Stone. The people of IJland\ 
 frith the frme Authour, boil them for Lamp-Oil. They 
 are found fometimes upon our own Coaft, near Corn¬ 
 wall. 
 
 The LONG-SNOUTED SHARK. So I call it, be- 
 caufe it is much longer, than in the above-mentioned 5 fo 
 as to be as it were the beginning of a Horn. The Body 
 of this hkewife, in proportion, is much fhorter and thicker. 
 Rondeletius feems to give the Figure of this particular 
 Species. 
 
 <y)Hift.An. There is no fort of Animal, faith Ariftotle, (c) about 
 the end.' us, which hath a double Row of Teeth. So that he never 
 faw a Shark., nor divers other Fifhes that are commonly 
 known, and fuch as are not unlikely to breed about 
 Greece. That he includes Fifties, is plain by the Con¬ 
 text. 
 
 The GILL-FIN of the long-fnouted Shark- 
 
 The JAWS of a SHARK. There are llx or feven 
 pair of thefe here preferved. Terzagi mentions one pair 
 
9i 
 
 PartI. Of Fifes. 
 
 in Septalius s Mu/aum, that were wide enough to have (wal¬ 
 lowed any Man. 
 
 Two great TEETH of a SHARK. They are both 
 curioufly indented, like a Saw, on each edge: asalfothe 
 Teeth are in younger Sharis, but not fo vifibly. One of 
 thefe is above an inch and half long. But one of tliofe 
 in a Shari of above two yards in length, is not half an 
 inch. The Shari therefore, to which This belonged, was 
 about eight yards long. 
 
 What the Teeth of a Shari wants in thicknefs, they 
 have in breadth, whereby they are the more terrible • both 
 pricking with their Points, and cutting with their Edges at 
 the lame ftroak. ° 
 
 Part of the BACK-BONE of a SHARK 
 
 The TOOTH of a PICKED-DOG. Not much u„- 
 like that of a Shark. Ihe difference is, That the exerted 
 part of this is bended, not inwards, but fide- ways. 
 
 The SPOTED HOUNDFISH or SEA-PANTHERjG*/«» 
 
 AJteriap becaufe of the Stars or Spots upon his Skin. But 
 the radiation of the Spots in the Figure commonly given, 
 is fictitious. See Rondeletiuss Description. He hath a 
 rough Skin as have all of this kind. Yet this Author frith, 
 he hath a Smoother Skin, than the Galeus Uvit: which 
 
 however comparatively taken, it may be true, is not well 
 
 expreffed of either. The faid Roughnefs is caufed by an 
 infinite number of moft hard and fharp Prickles, compofed 
 in die fame manner as the Scales of Fifhes. 
 
 The Female brings forth often times twice in one month, 
 and fo is fuel to Superstate: which, faith Ariftotle , (a) h 0 ™' 
 ams rather to be, becaufe her Eggs are hatched (in her & i. ' 5 ?c 
 Womb) one after another. 
 
 ^ ^ 1 CKED-DOG. Galeus Acantbias. Becaufe he hath 
 
 /° Strong and fharp Spikes growing on his Back, behind 
 the two Finns, and pointing towards his Tail. See the 
 Ascription in S a hi amis and Rondeletius. Befides the two 
 Finns which grow on each fide th e Anus, the Males, faith 
 Sahtau, (b )I havealfo two Appendices, one on each fide (*> aft. 
 the Anus. But betwixt tire Anus and the Tail there is no 
 under-Finn 5 by which he differs from the reft of the Dog- 
 kmd. He is faid Scarce to grow fo big, as to exceed twenty 
 pounds m weight. His Skin is rough with the like Prickles, 
 
 N 2 
 
 An. 
 
 ii. 
 
 . IO. 
 
 42. 
 
 as 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Fijhes. 
 
 as in the former 5 fo fmall, as fcarcely vilible without a 
 Microfcope. But eafily felt by drawing your hand towards 
 the head. The lhape alfo of the Teeth is odd and un- 
 ufual, being armed with little iharp Hooks on each edge. 
 They are taken fometimes upon our Englijh Coaft. 
 
 The Anatomy of the Galem (the Male) is given us by 
 Sir George Ent , in Dr. Charleton s Onomaftic. Zoic. Some of 
 the moll obfervable Remarks, are the peculiar lhape of the 
 Pancreas, and efpecially the Spleen, having a Label produ¬ 
 ced from one fide, above twice its own length. Likewife 
 the Purfe at the farther end of the Duodenum , into which 
 it opens only by a very fmall round Hole, not fo wide as 
 to receive the end of ones little finger: all which are de¬ 
 ferred and figur’d. He hath alfo growing on the lower 
 Eye-lid, a thick and firm Membrane, wherewith he often 
 winkles or covers his whole Eye: the fame with that called 
 the Periophthalmium , common to very many Birds. 
 
 The Defcription of the Viviparous Eggs in the Female j 
 which are not unlike to thofe of the Raya , is given by Ron- 
 deletius. Bellonius hath feen an indifferent One, to bring 
 forth thirteen young ones at a Birth. So foon as ever 
 ihe hath brought them forth, they fwim along with her, 
 and if any of them are afraid of any thing, it runs imme¬ 
 diately into the Mouth, fay fome, into the Womb of the 
 Dam; when the fear is over, returns again, as if by a fecond 
 Birth. 
 
 The Skin is ufed for the poll Hung of Wooden and Ivory 
 Works. 
 
 The HEAD of a DOLPHIN, about a foot and I long. 
 The Dolphin therefore to which it belong’d, was above two 
 yards and half long. In the Skin, ’tis hard to find any 
 paffage of found for Hearing. And Ariftotle denies that 
 the Dolphin hears. But Rondeletius truly faith, that he doth, 
 and that the whole ftrufture of the Internal Ear may be 
 feen in the Skull. See BeHoniuss Defcription and Figure 
 of the Dam and her Foetus. 
 
 The HEAD of a DOLPHIN, Idler than the former. 
 
 The TAIL of the DOLPHIN. It is expanded (as al¬ 
 fo in the Porpefs ) in a way peculiar, not uprightly, as in 
 other Fifties, but horizontally: by the help ot which, he 
 makes his Gamboles above the Water. And at the fame 
 
 time 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Fijhes 
 
 93 
 
 time takes his Breath : as Mr. Ray hath -well obferved of 
 the fame ufe in the Pcrpefs. It is alfo of ufe to caft him 
 forward by ftrong and repeated jirks, whereby he is fo ad¬ 
 mirably fwift, as it’s faid, above all other Fifhes. (a) There M Phil, 
 is alfo another Dolphins Tail here preferved of the fame [ranf:N ' 7 ^ 
 
 i r r p. 227*5. 
 
 bigneis. ' 
 
 The SKELETON of a PORPESS, or Sea-Hog. (b) The ^. )Turfio 
 Defcription and Anatomy of the Animal is given us by SnaRont 
 Bartholine ( Hi.fi. Cent. 2.) By Air .Ray (Phil. Tranf N.] 6 .) deIetii ' 
 
 By Dan. Major (Mifcel. Curiof German. An. 4.) And lately 
 more largely by Dr. Edward Tyfon. Some of the particu¬ 
 lars more remarkable are, That the Fat, which is an inch 
 thick, encompaffeth the whole Body, as in a Hog. That 
 the Fibers which run through the Fat from the Membrana 
 Camofa to the Skin, do obliquely decuffate one another 
 like a Lattice. And I may here obferve, That the like 
 Decuffation is made betwixt the white and red Fibers of all 
 Mufcules. 
 
 ’Tis further noted, That the Fat is nothing elfe but Oil 
 contained in a great number of little Bladders. I add, 
 
 That all thefe Bladders are the continuation of the Fibers 
 which decuifate, in a finer Work. And that there is no 
 difference betwixt the faid Fibers and thofe of the Membra¬ 
 na Camofa&vmg their Relaxation, (as when a Spung fwells 
 with water) by the interpofition of Oil. 
 
 The Stomach remarkable, confiding of three Bags. The 
 Guts eleven times the length of the Fifh. The Glands of 
 the Kidneys fo diitinct, that each having a white fubltance 
 m its centre,and out of that its Papilla,feemed to be another 
 little Kidney, about the bignefs of a large Peas. And I fhall 
 here take notice. That the wlutilh fubltance within every 
 Gland, and the fame which is in the Kidneys of other 
 Animals, is truly Carneous or Mufcnlar , by which the 
 conveyance of the Urinous parts of the Blood into the 
 Pelvis is promoted. 
 
 The Paps are placed one on each fide the Pudendum. 
 
 The Ovaria (it being a young Filh) not above an inch 
 long, and thick as a Goofe-Quill. The Diaphragme, with¬ 
 out the ufual Tendon in the centre. The Heart, with two 
 Ventricles and two Auricles. The Foramen Ovale, clofed 
 The Lungs confiding of two great Lobes. The Lamyx 
 
 very 
 
94- 
 
 Part I. 
 
 Of Fifloes. 
 
 (a) Laet. 
 
 I.13. 
 
 (h ) Chari. 
 Onomaft. 
 (Zoic. 
 
 very prominent, oddly fhaped, like an old fafhion’d Ewer. 
 The Spout with ftrong Mufcules ; and Papilla for the iftii- 
 ing of Snot. The Eye with the Mufculus Sufpenforius , as 
 in Bruits. The Brain large, weighed above ftj averdupois , 
 the Fifh Ibxcv). The Mufculus Pfoas, and two others on the 
 Back, very large and ftrong. 
 
 The Teeth (y 6 m all) fo placed, that thofe of one Jaw, 
 are received into the diftances of the other. Stand not 
 in diftinct Sockets, but all in one common Furrow. The 
 Ear-Bone is oddly feated in a hollow, and encompafted 
 with Mufcules. The Drum well braced, but no Incus 
 fiapes Is Malleolus to be feen. The Brain-Pan five inches 
 broad, and but three long 3 the Brain anfwerable. The 
 Back-Bone is compofed of fixty Vertebra. The fame number , 
 as is before obferved to be in that of a Crocodile. The Bones 
 of the Fore-Finns, refemble thofe of an Arm with Hand and 
 Fingers. Of the Tail,like thofe of two feet joyned together. 
 
 From the Nofe to the Tail-end abput an Ell long, and 
 roundifh, the Eyes and the Gape of the Mouth Email, the 
 Back and upper parts black, the Belly white, the Tail hori¬ 
 zontal : much like a Dolphin , favmg that (he is fhorter 
 fnouted. 
 
 The SEA-CALF or SEAL. Pboca. Vitulus Marinus 3 
 From the noife he makes like a Calf. See Rondeletiuss 
 Defcnption. His Head comparatively not big; lhaped 
 rather like an Otters ; with Teeth like a Dogs ; and iVliiila¬ 
 ches like thofe of a Cat. His Body long, and all over 
 hairy. His fore-Feet, with Fingers clawd,but not divided; 
 yet fit for going. His hinder Feet, more properly Finns, 
 and fitter tor fwimming, as being an Amphibious Animal. 
 The Female gives fuck, as the Porpefs and other Vivipa¬ 
 rous Fifhes. This here is about a yard long. But fome- 
 times they are as big, faith Mr. Ray, as a Heifer of two 
 years. 
 
 The Skin of this Fiih is commonly ufed for the cover¬ 
 ing of Trunks. They are innumerable in the Atlantic 4 - 
 Sea; efpecially the Bay there called The Seal-Bay. ( a ) Our 
 Mariners and Fifliermen often take them in the IJle of 
 Wight, as they lie alleep upon the Shore, (b) As alfo about 
 Cornwall. 
 
 Another SEAL like the former, only fomewhat thicker. 
 Given by Mr. J. Houghton , Ph. L. The 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Fijhes. 
 
 95 
 
 The LONG-N ECK’D SEAL. I find him no where 
 diftin&ly mention’d. He is much flenderer than either of 
 the former. But that wherein he principally differs, is the 
 length of his Neck. For from his Nofe-end to his fore- 
 Feet, and from thence to his Tail, are the fame meafure. As 
 alfo in that inflead of fore-Feet, he hath rather Finns ; not 
 having any Claws thereon, as have the- other kinds. 
 
 The SKULL of a SEAL. Given by Henry Wbiftler 
 Efq;. The Teeth are Ihaped fomewhat like a Dogs. The 
 tops of them all are flat, being doubtlefs filed off. The 
 procejfus of the Os Front is which makes up the Orbit of the 
 Eye in Land-Animals, is here wanting; and the faid Bone 
 pinched up much more narrowly: Both to make room, 
 as it fhould feem, fora very large Eye. The paffage into 
 the Ears Hands very oddly. In Dogs, Cats, and moft other 
 Land-Animals, forward and outwardly. But here it Hands 
 juH oppofitely, fc. behind and inwardly. 
 
 The FORE-FOOT of a very great SEAL. 
 
 The VIVIPAROUS EEL-POUT. Mufiela marina vi- 
 vipara. (the Male, Lupus marinus Scbonfeldii.) Tis 
 well pictur d by Adam Oleareus, (a) who calls it a (a} Tak 27. 
 Sea-Wolf (Ein See-Wolf). As alfo by Jobnfion ; but not f ' 2 ' 
 defenbed. But 111 Gefner’s Paralypomena ’tis both figur’d 
 and deferibed by Ge. Fabritius under the Name of Klipfifcb 
 (i. e. Rock-Fifh,) fo called by the people near the Balticf 
 ( where he breeds.) Fabritius is particular only as to the 
 Teeth, and is alfo miHaken in fome things. I fhall there¬ 
 fore add the Defcription I drew up before I met with his. 
 
 Tis a yard long. The Head Li foot long, and almoH 
 as high; being compreffed on the Hides, three inches and 
 -over underneath, her Forehead but a little above two. 
 
 Her Snout a little Convex. The Eyes very high, an inch 
 W. The Noflrils before the Eyes ? of an inch. Both 
 the Chaps blunt-angled before, from the Corners of 
 the Mouth three inches long, between the Corners, as 
 much. 
 
 The Teeth all very thick, like thofe of Quadmpedes ; 
 both in figure and fcituation, very unufual. In the upper 
 Jaw, five before; not Incifors, or Cutters, but chick Pun¬ 
 chers. To the Roots of which, within fide, grow as it 
 were nine little Teeth. Behind, are three Grinders; one 
 
 of 
 
9 <$ 
 
 Of Fijh 
 
 es. 
 
 A R T 
 
 I 
 
 of which, on each fide, is fatten’d obliquely inwards, half an 
 inch broad,and above an inch long.The third,and the great- 
 eft,ftands betwixt them in the middle of the Palate. Each of 
 thefe having deep Incilions, feem, as it were, eight or ten 
 Teeth. In the under Jaw, are two Punchers or Claviculars, 
 each of them having two fharp Proceffes within fide. Be¬ 
 hind, there feems to be only one Grinder on each fide, half 
 an inch broad, and above two inches long, arched inward, 
 and with fixteen or eighteen Incilions looking like fo many 
 Teeth. 
 
 Her Gills open almoft from the top of her Head to her 
 Throat. The Fins are four. The Gill-Fins about five inches 
 long, and as broad, placed fo low, as to meet in the Breaft, 
 and fo to fupply the Breaft-Fins. The Back-Fin is extended 
 from Head to Tail 5 before, an inch high 5 behind, above 
 two. The Belly-Fin reaches from the Anus (which opens 
 a foot behind the Head) to the Tail, about an inch deep. 
 The Body, where higheft, above Hi foot, the Back a little 
 convex, grows {lender all the way to the Tail, the extre¬ 
 mity whereof is here wanting. She is cover’d with a tough 
 Skin, now of an Iron-colour, befprinkled all over with 
 round fpots. 
 
 That which is 1110ft remarkable in this Fi(h,are his Teeth: 
 which are fo made, as to be fit either for Ravine, or for 
 the eating of Grafs and other Herbs on the Rocks, and un¬ 
 der Water. They feem alfo to be made for .the Cracking 
 of Shell-Filh. As likewife for Rumination: which may as 
 well be afcrib’d to this Fifti, as to the Scar us. 
 
 This Fi(h is one, amongft divers other inftances of Ariftc - 
 ties, error, where he faith, '01 jit l^Sues mi'Jts n<h wp^hvlts, 
 
 (a) DePart. 7 y SjyipV- (a) 
 
 Anim. 1.3. j| lc tG p S G f t J 1]S fjfhes Grinders are commonly fold for 
 7 oadjlones. As Dr. Chriflopher Menet hath alfo obferved 
 in his Pinax. 
 
 The SCATE, or Angel-Fifh. Squat ina, five Angelus 
 Mar in us. The figure 111 Johnflon is tollcrablc. But the De- 
 feription very fhort and imperfect. That of Rondeletius is 
 better, yet not full. And either the Fiih he deferibes is a 
 different Species, or his Defcription of the Teeth is not 
 true. 
 
 This is above an Ell long. His Head about '* of a yard 
 
 Ion 
 
 &» 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Fifes, 
 
 91 
 
 long, and near as much over, (here ) with feveral Angles 
 or Ridges: His Mouth five inches over, his Lips almoft 
 Semilunar. 
 
 Each of his Jaws are armed with about fix and thirty 
 Rows of molt fharp Teeth, and in every Row there are 
 four Teeth. So that in all they are about two hundred four - 
 fcore and eight, all couched a little inward. 
 
 About three inches behind his Nofe-end ftand his Eves, 
 as it were on the top of his Head, and three inches and l 
 diftant. Proportionably very fmalL/o not above i an inch 
 over. About an inch and quarter behind his Eyes, and a 
 little lower, he hath two Spouts, one on each fide, above 
 an inch long, and convex before. His Neck i a foot over, 
 z His Back before, three inches above a foot, expanded (here) 
 on both fides, as if it were Ihoulder’d. His Middle or Wall 
 about eight inches. The lower part of his Back, ten inches, 
 fpread like a pair of Buttocks. From his Shoulders to the 
 bottom of his Buttocks about a foot and The length 
 of his Tail, as much: the forepart whereof above four 
 inches over, growing fienderer all the way to the end. 
 
 He hath feven Fins. His Shoulder-Fins with Cartilagi¬ 
 nous Rays, expanded * a foot out like a pair of Wings, and 
 almoft fquare. His Buttock-Fins prolonged hinderly i a 
 foot, ftand continguous to the Tail on both fides. On 
 the top ol his Tail, two Idler 5 three inches high, and 
 couched backward. At the end a forked one i a foot 
 long, and almoft as high. From hence half a foot forward, 
 the Skin is as it were pinched up into a little Ridge or 
 Doublet on each fide. 
 
 Above he is very rough with innumerable fmall Prickles, 
 efpeciallv felt upon drawing your hand forward. And the 
 edges of the four fide-Fins are all thorny. But underneath 
 the Skin is fo thick or clofely cover’d with little hard round 
 knobs, as it feems almoft fmooth. j 
 
 This Fi ft hath two Spouts, like theSaw-Fifh, becaufe of 
 the breadth of his Head. His Teeth admirable for taking 
 fure hold of the moft flippery Prey. Thofe Doublets on 
 the fides of his Tail, feem to add ftrength to the Mufcules 
 which move the Tail-Fins. And fo in fome other Fifties. 
 By the pofture of the Fins he feems to make at die Prey,not 
 by a forward ftroke, but by afcending as a Dog to his 
 
 O Meat, 
 
9 8 
 
 Of Fijhes. 
 
 ART 
 
 I. 
 
 00 Hlflor. 
 50. 
 
 Meat, or defcending as a Hawk when fhe Aoops. With 
 the broad Fore-Fins, faith Oppian, the Female flickers her 
 Young, as a Hen her Chickens with her Wings. But 
 Arijiotle affirms, That fhe gives them protection as doth 
 the Dogfifh, by receiving them into her mouth. He alfo 
 futh, That of the Cartilaginous kind the Scate only beareth 
 twice in a year,/c. Spring and Fall. 
 
 Salvianus (a) faith, That the Skin of his Back is fmooth 5 
 deceived by theAuthorities of Arijiotle,Epicarmm,Athenaus, 
 and Pliny: witneffes enough to prove an Error. The Skin 
 of thisFiih is ufedfor the poldhing of Wooden and Ivory 
 Works. He is taken,faith Mr./foy,fometimcs near Cornwall. 
 
 Another SCATE. ’Tis a young one, but in lhape altoge¬ 
 ther like the former, faving that the Shoulder-Fins are 
 here produced, more like a Wing, into a lharp Angle 
 before. 
 
 The HEAD of a SCATE, about the bignefs of that 
 above deferibed. Sometimes they grow to the weight of 
 a hundred and fixty pounds. 
 
 The HEAD of the GREAT MAID. Caput Raja 
 Oxyrrhyncha majoris. See the Defcription of this and the 
 other Kinds 111 RonAeletim, and Bellonius. They all differ 
 from other Fifties, in having a broad and fquat Body, with 
 a long flender Tail appendent, but not fo Bender, as in the 
 Cat-Fijh. The end of the Snout in this, is all befet with 
 little lharp Hooks pointing backward. And with the fame 
 Hooks, both the Jaws : but far bigger, and Banding in fe- 
 veral Rows, eight, ten, or twelve in a Row. 
 
 The Skin of the Raja, being artificially reduced to a 
 monitrous lhape , is by fome ihewed, and is commonly 
 taken, for a Bafihsk, 
 
 The EGG of a THORNBACK. Ovum Raja Clavata. 
 Or rather the Bag or Cafe of the Egg. Hereof fee Ron- 
 deletius. Tis very fmooth, and (now) black and horny. 
 Seven inches long, and four over. From each of the four 
 Corners is firetched a fharpe ended Membrane two inches 
 long. In the middle it fwelleth up on both Tides: fo 
 that in lhape ’tis juB like a Pulpit-Cuihion. There are fome 
 other lefier ones of the fame lhape and colour. 
 
 In the upper part of die Womb, faith Rondeletius, are 
 a great number of Eggs of feveral fizes, confiding only 
 
 of 
 
Part L 
 
 99 
 
 Of Fijhef. 
 
 of a Yelk, as in the Ovary of a Hen. Thefe fucceffivelv 
 ripening, are found in the lower part, confiding of Yelk 
 and White, and cover’d with the faid horny Cafe. Out of 
 every one of thefe mature Eggs, another Foetus isalfo fuc- 
 ceflively generated. Whereby it is intelligible, How this 
 Filh produceth but one at once, and yet fo numerous a 
 breed. 
 
 The SKREW-GUT of the RAJA, defenbed by St ends 
 Son. Sent by Dr. Swammerdamwixh fome other particulars 
 mention’d in the firft Section. It winds between parallel 
 lines like a Screw or Stair-cafe. 
 
 The knobed TAIL of a THORNBAGK. Of an afh- 
 colour, and about a yard long. 
 
 The fpiked TAIL of a THORNBAGK, almoft black. 
 
 The knobs of both are fo hard, that they will file Iron or 
 Brafs. The Skin of this Filh is ufed for Knife-hafts, dec. 
 
 The fmooth CAT-Fllh. Paftinaca marina Ixvis. Fabius 
 Calumna, (a) hath deferibed two Species of this kind: but ,> Lib d „ 
 
 both of them feem to be different from the Filh here. It is Aq. & Ter- 
 fomewhat phantaftically Huffed 5 yet I Ihall give the De- rdl 
 feription as well as it will admit. 
 
 From the tip of his Snout, to his Tail, afoot and three 
 inches, about a foot over, and I a foot (being, I fuppofe, 
 thruft out fomewhat more than the natural dimenfion by 
 the Huffing) in height. His Eyes I an inch long, two and i 
 inches diftant, three and I behind his Nofe-end. Juft be¬ 
 hind his Eyes,and a little more diftant, he hath two Spouts, 
 one way, an inch and I over. His Snout prolonged for¬ 
 ward an inch and I with an Obtufe Angle 5 and extended 
 towards the fide-Fins, wherewith it is alfo joyned by the 
 mediation of a Skmy-Bordcr i an inch broad. 'His Mouth 
 very little, not an inch and I over 5 curioully rough-call 
 like a file, underneath, and behind his Snout-end two inches 
 and s. Over his upper Chap hang two little Labels above » 
 inch long. 
 
 His Gills are five on each fide, but towards the middle of 
 his Belly. He hath four hde-Fins. His fore-Fins are 
 ftretched out two inches in breadth, extended in length, 
 towards the Tail, almoft a foot. The hinder-Fins are 
 almoft tw o inches broad, and above an inch and i 
 long. 
 
 O 2 
 
 The 
 
IOO 
 
 Part I. 
 
 Of Fijhes. 
 
 The Tail a foot and two inches long, at the Root about 
 an inch and i over, the extremity very fmall like a Shoo- 
 makers Thread. The Skin not very thick, nor ftubborn, 
 ( now) of a yellow colour on the back, on the Belly ftraw- 
 colour’d: every where very fmooth, excepting on his 
 Tail, where there are home few very Ihort prickles. 
 
 Whether this be not a young Fifh, and upon that ac¬ 
 count only wantcth the Radius (as the lharp Saw upon the 
 Tail is called ) to me is uncertain. With this Radius he is 
 faid to ftrike and kill his Prey, for which he lies as it were 
 dormant, till it fwims within his reach. JElian , cited by 
 Rondeletius , faith, That he fometimes flies. Which that he 
 may do a little above the water, as the flying Fifties, feems 
 pollible by the horizontal production of all his Fins, and 
 their cxtenfion all along his fidcs. 
 
 The Cbinefes and Moors eat this Filh greedily. 
 
 The nether LIP of the fmooth CAT-FISH, two inches 
 Ipng. 
 
 The BRASILIAN FROG-FISH. Rana Pifcatrix minor. 
 In Bra file, GUACUACUYA. The figure which Johvfa-- 
 gives is tolerable $ but his Defcription very defective. 1 
 length of this is eight inches. His Mouth open makes a 
 Circle I of an inch over. His Lips, in the ufual place of 
 Teeth, arc rough 5 as alfo is his Tongue. He hath a black 
 Horn on his Forehead, Hooped forwards, round, an inch 
 and s long, one third over at the bottom , pointed, and 
 having little Spikes round about it. What Johnfton means 
 by the C uteus Nervus, appears not. At the top of his Head, 
 juft under the Horn, Hand his Eyes a? of an inch over, and 
 (here) no more diftant. The Noftnls a little before the 
 Horn. 
 
 His Body two inches and I long, and four broad 5 be¬ 
 fore, Semilunar. His Back convex, his Belly flat 5 with a 
 Border or Fin all along each fide * an inch broad. Behind 
 are fubjoyned a pair of Fins alrnoft two inches long, and 
 an inch and i wide. In the middle of his Belly are two 
 other lelfer clofe together,above an inch long,but not more 
 than ? broad. 
 
 The length of the Tail four inches and c At the root Yis 
 round, and an inch over 5 at the end, with the fides com- 
 prefled, and V an inch high. The Tail-Fins three, one 
 
 above, 
 
Part I. 
 
 IOI 
 
 Of Fifes 
 
 above, another juft under it, the third at the end much 
 bigger. The Skin of his Belly and Tail underneath, whi- 
 tifh, thin, and rough. Of his Backfide, Fins, and Tail above, 
 black, thick and fet with ihort fpikes arifing from a round 
 Bafe radiated like a Star. He feems, by his lhape , to be 
 near of kin to the Thornback .; and therefore to be lefs ar,po¬ 
 litely Nam’d. 
 
 A Idler Brafilian Frogfifh of the fame kind. 
 
 The TRUMPET-FISH. So called from the figure of 
 his Bill, which is an entire Pipe, lhaped almoft like that of 
 the Snipe-Fifh- Acus Ariftotelis. Well clefcribed by Ron- 
 deletius 5 having, that he defcribes the Body to be Sex- 
 angular all along. Whereas from the Head to the Anus 
 it is Septangular. The Scales are alfo engraven with fmall 
 lines almoft of an Elhpnck figure. Salvianus errs in faying 
 he is not fealy. Another alfo of the fame Species. 
 
 The Female, faith Rondeletius , hath a Canale extended 
 from her Anus, in which the Eggs are hatched into young 
 Ones. Of the ufe of the Bill, fee the Stiip-Fijh. 
 
 The Idler TRUMPET-FISH, or Viviparous Needle- 
 Fifh. 
 
 The HORSE-FISH. Hippocampus. A fmall Fifh. So 
 called, becaufe his Head is lhaped like a Horfes, and his 
 Tail divided by feveral. Incifures, fomewhat like thofe of 
 Caterpillars , called isumi.. Given by Mr. Scotto a London 
 Merchant. It hath the fame number of Fins, and in the 
 fame place, the fame kind of Bill, the forc-Body Septan¬ 
 gular, and the Tail fquare, as the Trumpet-Fijh.' And is, 
 therefore probably, alfo Viviparous: and fo I have ventur’d 
 to place it here. 
 
 Another HIPPOCAMPUS taken in the Mediter¬ 
 ranean. 
 
 A STURGEON. Acipenfer. Sturio, becaufe one of the 
 greateft of edible Fifties 5 for Stur, in the Danijh- Tongue, 
 ligmhes Great, (a) See Wormius his Defcnption. Efpccially ( a ) Wcr- 
 that of Salvianus, with his curious figure. The like in II1IUS ‘ 
 Bejler. The parts by which he is beft diftinguifhed, are 
 his very long and fharp Snout, his little Mouth, to be feen 
 only when he lies on his back, and his thick and bony 
 Scales 5 which ftand in Rows fo, as to make the Fifh al¬ 
 moft Pentangular. The figure of moil of the fide Scales 
 
 is 
 
102 
 
 Of Fifhes. 
 
 P 
 
 ART 
 
 I, 
 
 (b) Excrc, 
 
 182. S. 2. 
 
 cal de Re is Rbomboidal. It is affirmed by Moufet , (a) That the Scales 
 Cibaria. of a Sturgeon turn towards the Head 5 borrowing his 
 Error herein of Pliny. 
 
 Lately, a piece of a Sturgeons Gut was fhewed me by 
 Dr. Edward Tyfon , which he had cut off of a great One 
 fent to my Lord Major. It is very thick, ftrong and Muf 
 cular. And the inner Coat made of Fibers , fo loofely 
 woven together, as to look like a Net 5 and that above 
 the eighth of an inch 111 thicknefs. In which a plenteous 
 Chyle is conveniently lodged, and thence gradually tranf 
 mitted to the Lacteal Vans. 
 
 Scaliger faith (b) of the Guts of a Sturgeon, that 
 being taken out and cut all to pieces, thole pieces 
 will Hill move. Which may partly depend upon their 
 great thicknefs and mufcularity 5 the like being obfervable 
 in cutting the Heart and other Mufcular parts of divers 
 Animals. 
 
 The Sturgeon is- taken in moft great Rivers, as well as 
 in the Sea. He hath fometimes been feen, faith BeUonius, 
 fix yards long. The bigger he is, as all other Fifh, the 
 (0 Salvian. better meat. The Italians (/) prefer the Belly before the 
 Jole. His Liver very delicate. At Hamburge and Dantficf 
 they eat (or did 111 Moufet’ s time, who reports it, eat) 
 Sturgeon roafted. In the fame Author, fee a moft excel¬ 
 lent Pickle for this Fifh. The Eggs being faked and made 
 up into a Mafs, were firft brought from Conflantinople 
 by the Italians , and called Caveare. Of the way of making 
 it, fee Gefner. The pickled pieces made of the Chine , are by 
 fome called Schinalia. Of the long Bag (d) which grows 
 next the Chine , the people that live near Tanarn make 
 Clew. 
 
 The HEAD of a great STURGEON. 
 
 MOON-FISH. Mola Salviani Dzw^Becaufe the Tail-Fin 
 is fhaped like a Half Moon , By which, and his odd trailed 
 fhape, looking as if he were only the Head of fome great 
 Fifh cut off from his Trunk, he is fufficiently diftinguifhed 
 from all others. Well defcribed by Ilondeletim and Sal- 
 vian 5 and by this latter, very curioufly pictur’d. The 
 Gill-Fins, as he obferves, are fo poftur d, as not to move 
 from Head to Tail , or vice verfa , but from Back to 
 
 Belly, 
 
 (d) Salviao. 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Fijhes. 
 
 103 
 
 Belly, & e contra. The ufe whereof teems to be, To ena¬ 
 ble him to make a more direct anti hidden defccnt 5 that 
 fo when any Ravenous Fifh makes full fpeed at him, he 
 may in an inftant ftrike himfclf under his way, and fo efcape 
 him. It may alfo be noted, That being a tall Fite, and 
 with his lides much compreffed, he hath a Jong Fin upon 
 his Back, and another anfwering to it on his Belly: by which 
 he is the better kept upright, or from fwaging on his 
 Tides. 
 
 Another MOON-FISH of the fame Species, but fome- 
 what teller. Neither of thefe is above I a yard long. But 
 that which Salman defcribes,was above an hundred pounds 
 weight. They are taken, as Mr. Ray faith, about St. Ives 
 and Penfans in Cornwall. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 OF 0V1TER0VS FISHES , particularly 
 fuch as are NOT-SC ALED. 
 
 THe HEAD of the RIVER-WHALE. Cap# Siluri. 
 
 A Johnjlon gives the figure of this Fite, but without a 
 Defcription. That of Rondeletius is not full. Tins Head 
 is I a foot long, as broad, and half as high. The Snout flat. 
 Both the Chaps before of a Semilunar figure. Armed with 
 an innumerable company of prickly Teeth, Handing like 
 thofe in a Card wherewith Women Comb Wool!. The 
 nether Chap Hands out above an inch before the upper. 
 The Eyes round, and for fuch a Head, very fmall, fcarce the 
 third of an inch over. Difiant three inches and i An 
 inch above the corners of his Mouth, he hath two firings, 
 fmootli and round, here (for they are broken) I a foot 
 long, about the thicknefs of an Earth-Worm , taper’d and 
 bended backward 3 outwardly nervous, inwardly Cartila¬ 
 ginous or Gnfly. His Gills defcending almofi from the 
 top of liisHead, meet under his Throat. 
 
 What may be the ufeof thefe firings is uncertain, and 
 to be collected only from obterving their communication 
 with other parts, and the manners of the Fifh. But the 
 
 intent 
 
Part L 
 
 104 
 
 Of Fijhet. 
 
 intent of their ftructure is lefs obfeure 5 the Nervous part 
 ferving to draw it too and fro ; the Cartilage, asthefpring 
 in a Pendulum Watch, to flint the motion and make it more 
 Ready. And being flexible, it does the fame as a joynted 
 Series of many little Bones. 
 
 The little SEA-UNICORNE. Monoceros minor. It was 
 fent from Brafile , I find it not defenbed nor pictur’d in 
 any Author. Nor is it certain whether it be Ovipa¬ 
 rous. Yeti have ventur’d to place, and (hall defenbe it 
 here. 
 
 Tisa yard long, almoft * high, with its Tides very much 
 comprelTed, being not above two inches and a I over. 
 High-Bac’d, like a Perch. And alfo (which is unufual) 
 bow-Belli’d. His Head hath fome refemblanceto that of 
 a Bahoone 5 from the top to the bottom four inches and I. 
 His Mouth, which ftands below, not much above an inch 
 over. His Teeth, in both Chaps, the thicknefs of a midling 
 Needle, the eight of an inch long. His Gills fubtended 
 to his Eyes and Mouth like the fegment of a Circle. His 
 Eyes ftand near the top of his Head; and are an inch 
 over. 
 
 From the top is prolonged afmooth (now) blackifh, 
 round, taper’d, flrait Horn, couched a little down below 
 the level, two inches round about the Root, and three 
 inches long. It feemeth not to have any Bone within it ; 
 nor is it inferted into any, as in the Vnicorne of the Cetace¬ 
 ous kind before deferibed; but is the Skin it felf prolonged 
 and hardened (as the Cuticula turns to Comes ) into a kind 
 of horn. 
 
 The Fins are feven. The Gill-Fins two inches long, and 
 one broad. The Back-Fin is extended from Head to Tail, 
 above an inch and I high. The BreafbFins I of an inch 
 before the Anus , near two inches long. The Belly-Fin, 
 like that of the Back,and extended from the Amis to the end 
 of the Tail. That at the end of the Tail triangular , two 
 inches and Hong, three high. The Anus, if you meafure 
 by a perpendicular from the Gills, opens, oddly, not above 
 an inch and i behind them. He is cover’d with a (now) 
 blackifh, thick and tough Skin, and when you draw your 
 hand forward, alfo rough. 
 
 The SHIPH ALTER. Echeneis. Remora. Johnjion hath 
 
 given 
 
Part I, 
 
 105 
 
 Of Fifes. 
 
 given an indifferent figure of it. But I meet with no 
 tolerable Defcription anj where. 
 
 Tis about •> of a yard long. His Body before, three 
 inches and ‘ over 5 thence tapering to the Tail-end. His' 
 
 Mouth two inches and ; over. His Chaps ending fome- 
 what angularly. The nether a little broader, and produced 
 forward near an inch more than the upper. His Lips rough 
 with a great number of little prickles. His Eyes round, 
 
 ? of an inch over, an inch behind his Mouth. 
 
 His Head fquat, adorned with a kind of Oval Coronet , 
 fomewhat Concave,five inches and' long,above two broad! 
 tut traverfly with three and twenty Incifions or long 
 Apertures, making fo many diffntt Membranes, with 
 rough edges, joyned altogether with a Ligament running 
 through the middle of the Coronet , and perforated on each 
 fide the Ligament. 
 
 The Gills wind from an inch and ' behind the Eyes down 
 to the Throat. The Fins feven. The Gill-Fins above 
 four inches long 5 The Breafl-Fins as long. About a l of 
 a yard behind the Coronet a fifth extended on the Back 
 above * of a yard. A fixth like it on the Belly. The 
 Tail-end, like a Spear, a little compreffed. The Tail-Fin 
 three inches and »long. The Arnes open about the middle 
 of the Fiih. His Skin is (now) brown, fmooth, and tough, 
 or like tan d Leather. 
 
 Perhaps the fame Fifh, which Ligon (#) faith, always GO Hifi. of 
 fwims along with the Sharif , and frequently flicks to fome Barbadoes ' 
 part about his Head. At leaft, it is very probable, that 
 this Fiih is able to faften himfelf to any great Fifh, Boat, or 
 Ship, with the help of the Coronet or Sucker on his Head 5 
 which feems to be molt fitly contrived for that purpofe! 
 
 In fome fort anfwerable to the Tail of a Leech , whereby 
 fhe flicks her fclf fall to the fmootheft Glafs. Or to thole 
 round Leathers, wherewith Boys are us’d to play, called 
 Suckers, one of which, not above an inch and i diametre, 
 being well foaked in water, will flick fo fall to a Stone, as 
 to pluck one of twelve or fourteen pounds up from the 
 ground. 
 
 Of the ftupendious power which this Fifh is fuppofed to 
 have, there are many concur in the flory 5 as that he is able 
 to flop a Ship in its career under full Sail: and what not ? 
 
 P and 
 
/ 
 
 io 6 
 
 Of Fijhes. Part I. 
 
 and great pains is taken to aflign the Caufe 5 and to prove, 
 That though the Moon be made of a Green Cheefe, yet is 
 not the only Nell; of Maggots. Rotideletius alone, in 
 afcribing it to fhis eafily altering the polition of the Helm, 
 and fo the motion of the Ship, coming near to good 
 fenfe: efpecially if he had proved, That the Name of the 
 Fifh, and the Story, were not Things much older than the 
 Helm of a Ship. 
 
 ’Tis plain, that the Tradition had a very early beginning, 
 when little light Boats were the Ships which people us’d. 
 To the fide whereof, this Filh fattening her felf, might eafily 
 make it fwag, as the leaft preponderance on either fide vjll 
 do, and fo retard its Courfe. And the Story once begot 
 upon a Boat, might fill, like the Filh it felf, flick to 
 it, though turn’d to a Ship. Affigning as great a power to 
 this Neptune in the Sea, as the Poets have done to Apollo the 
 God of Life in the Heavens 5 who yet appears by the beft 
 accounts of him put together, to have been at firft no better 
 than a Crafty Mountebank, 
 
 The TOBACCOPIPE-FISH. By the People of Bra file, 
 and by Marggraviws who deferibes it, called Petimbuaba. 
 He hath only omitted the Line, which, like a very fmall 
 Chain, runs along both fides, as m the Sea-Scorpion, from 
 Head to Tail: Both the Body and Snout are long and fen¬ 
 der, from whence its Name. Tis alfo pictur’d, and in fome 
 fort defcribed by Pifo. 
 
 The PRICKLED TURBUT. Rhombus aculeatus. So 
 called from his figure and the prickles on his Back or brown 
 fide. Defcribed by Rondeletius. The two firings that 
 hang at the nether Chap, are here wanting. He is find, 
 having laid himfelf in Mud, withthefe, to Prey upon little 
 Fifh,which feeing them ngle,make at them,fuppofing them 
 to be Weeds. 
 
 The little GLOB-FISH. Orb'vs minor: So called from his 
 Orbicular figure. Defcribed in moll Mufceums. Mott 
 curioufiy figur’d in that of Calceolarias. He is armed with 
 long, round, hard, and fharp Spikes or Needles all round 
 about, almolf like thofe of a Hedg-Hog 5 and is a fort of 
 Porcupine-Fifh. 
 
 ’Tis probable. That the Fifh fwims with thefe Needles 
 all clofely couched down round about, for that otherwife 
 
 they 
 
Part L 
 
 Of Fijheu 
 
 they would hinder her fwimming. But if at any time 
 fhe is purfu’d, (he immediately advances her Pikes, and bids 
 the enemy come at his peril. 
 
 This and the other kinds are found,efpecially,in the Payer 
 Nile. 
 
 The SEA-PORCUPINE. Hijlrix Pifck. Johvjlon hath 
 figur’d it ( Tab. 45. ) but not well. Neither do I find any 
 tolerable Defcription of it. 
 
 This here is above a foot long, near half a foot over, 
 and as high, round, and almoft of an Ovale figure. His 
 Chaps about » an inch long, (haped fomewhat like the Bill 
 of a Sparrow, each of them one fingle Bone, without any 
 Teeth, but (harp-edged 5 at the corners of the Mouth an 
 inch over. His Eyes I an inch over, an inch behind his 
 Mouth, and two and s diftant. 
 
 Tile Gills but I of an inch long. Convex before, very 
 high, viz. in the fame level with the Eye. As alfo the Gill- 
 Fins, which are about two inches long, and three broad. 
 Two inches and 1 before the end of the Tail, a third an 
 inch and * broad and two inches long. An inch and I be¬ 
 fore the end of the Tail underneath, a fourth fomewhat 
 lefs. The Tail-Fin above two inches long,an inch and I high, 
 with its extream edge Convex. 
 
 He is cover’d with a Skin on the Back (now) of a 
 brownifh yellow, on the Belly whitifti. Armed all round 
 about, excepting his Tail, with round, hard, and mod 
 (harp Needles, about an inch and * long, I an inch dilfant 
 one from another, each having three Roots (now) vifibly 
 fpread under the Skin, one on each fide, and a third 
 before. 
 
 Tis mod probable, That to thefe Roots are faften’d 
 (° n | lan Y Mufcules, whereby thefe little Pikes are govern’d 
 in then motion, and kept fteady in their polture of 
 defence. 
 
 Another SEA-PORCUPINE like the former. 
 
 The F R O G-G L O B-FIS H. Orbis Batrachoides. Fi- 
 gur d by Johnjion under the Title of Gejiacbelt meer 
 Taube, lab. 24. But I find it not deferibed to any pur- 
 
 Tlns is feven inches long, three broad, and as high. 
 His Forehead above an inch and » over, by the eminency 
 
 P 2 of 
 
 107 
 
io8 
 
 Of Fifties. Part I. 
 
 of his Eye-Brows a little hollow. His Eyes round, above 
 i an inch over. His Mouth very broad and femilunar, like 
 that of a Frog ; from whence I take leave for his Name. 
 His nether Chap a little broad and more forward than the 
 upper. Without any Teeth, but rough like a File. The 
 Gills i an inch long, an inch and * behind the Eyes. The 
 Fins are five. The Gill-Fins above an inch long, almoft as 
 broad. Before the end of the Tail, one above about an 
 inch long,that underneath broken oft. The Tail-Fin above 
 i an inch long, near as high. The Anus opens an inch and 
 quarter before the Tail-end. 
 
 He is cover’d all over with a very hard and tough Skin, 
 (now) of a yellowilh lfraw-colour. Armed round about 
 with ftrong Spikes about * of an inch long, couched back¬ 
 ward, and fixed with three Roots, as in the former. But not, 
 as thofe, round, but flat with two edges like the point of a 
 Sword. 
 
 It may further be noted ofthefe Spikes, That being fixed 
 in the Skin, both here and in the other kinds, lb as to couch 
 and point backward, the fifh needs not to tack about, but is 
 at the fame time in a pofture of defence, and of flight, for its 
 furer efcape. 
 
 The EGYPTIAN GLOB-FISH. It differs Horn the reft, 
 efpeciallv by the fmallnefs of its Prickles, which are rather 
 like the little Thorns on a young Rasferry-Bujh. He is not 
 armed with them, as Rondeletiws faith, all over 5 the Skin 
 behind the Gills for the length of * of an inch, and on the 
 lower part of the Tail, being bald. 
 
 The HARE-GLOB-FISH. Orbis Lagocephalus. I find it 
 not any where pictur’d or defcrib’d. 1 is above a foot 
 long, i a foot high, almoft five over. His Head almoft 
 like a Hares , from whence I have Nam’d him. His Fore¬ 
 head plain and almoft fquare, an inch and * broad. His 
 Eyes round, above * of an inch over, and ftand high. 
 Three quarters of an inch before the Eyes, two holes like 
 Noftrils. From thence to the Nofe-end a little above an 
 inch. The end above ' an inch over, and round. His up¬ 
 per Lip ftretched thence to the breadth of * an inch. Each 
 Chap as it were divided into two great Teeth * of an inch 
 broad. 
 
 The Gills an inch and Hong, behind the Eyes an inch, 
 
 below 
 
Part I 
 
 Of Fifties 109 
 
 below them * an inch. The Fins are five. The Gill-Fins 
 ftand obliquely between the Back and the Breaft, an inch 
 and i long, and three broad. Three inches before the Tail- 
 end, a third almoft two inches long and one broad. Un¬ 
 derneath, a fourth fomewhat lefs. This, which may be 
 noted, being couched backward, the other foreward. 
 
 The Tail-Fin two inches and i long, and as high, with its 
 utmoft edge Convex. 
 
 His Skin Membranous and limber, on the top of his 
 Head, Back, upper Sides and Bread, and round about his 
 Tail, fmooth and bald. On his Belly and lower part of his 
 Sides and Breaft, armed with little fhort Prickles, about the 
 third of an inch diftant, and fixed with little Roots, as in 
 the former. 
 
 From the Crown of his Head are drawn two'Lines al¬ 
 moft to thole holes like Noftrils. From the hinder part of 
 the Head, two more all along the Back and Tail, in the 
 figure of the Letter f And two others from the Gill-Fins 
 towards the Anus, and from thence to the end of the Tail. 
 
 By thefe Lines, were there no other marks, it is eafie to 
 diftinguifh him from all the other Species. 
 
 An OVAL COMP AGES of BONES , faid to be the 
 See let on of a Globe-Fifh. 
 
 The RED-GOURNET. Pavo Salviani. Cuculm , from 
 the noife he makes like a Cuckow when he is taken. Well 
 defended by Rmdeletius. But his figure, efpecially in ma¬ 
 king him with a long Snout,anfwers not,unlefs it be of ano¬ 
 ther Species .For the Forehead of this is fquare,and the Head 
 almoft cubical, like that of the Scorpion-Fifh. From which 
 this chiefly differs in not having the Fins of the Back prickly 
 or fpiked, and having a Line‘ running from the top of the 
 Back on each fide the Back-Fin to the Tail,like a fmall linked 
 Chain. 
 
 The LONG-SNOUTED GOURNET. Cuculus Ron- 
 deletii. By which Author ’ns well defenbed. It differs 
 from the former Species, chiefly, in having a much longer 
 head, and a faddle-Nole. 
 
 The STAR-GAZER. Ziranofcopm. Becaufe he looks 
 directly againft the Sky : whereas, as Rondeletius obferves, 
 the Ray and feveral other fiihes, although they have their 
 Eyes ftanding on the top of their Heads, yet the Pupils of 
 
 their 
 
their Eyes are not directed upwards, but fide-ways. The 
 Fifh is accurately defcribed by the fame Author. ’ Saving, 
 that he hath omitted the arching or bowing of Ins Body 
 
 of the Fifh here be forced, and Ins own figure thereof 
 falfe. 
 
 This Fifh, when alive, hath a Fender Membranous firing, 
 which he projects and draws in, at pleafure, as a Serpent 
 doth his Tongue. With this he duckoys little fifhes, and 
 then preys upon them. For plunging himfelf in Mud ( Ron- 
 deletius faith,he hath feen him) and then lifting up his head 
 a little, he calls out the faid firing; which the little fifhes 
 taking for a Worm, and nibling at it, he immediately 
 plucks them both in together. 
 
 The SQUAR-FISH. Pifcis quadrangularis. I think it 
 is not defcribed or figur’d by any. There are two fquare 
 fifhes defcribed by Wormius , the former of which he fup- 
 pofeth to be made fo, not bred. But neither is this, as 
 that is, fpiked behind 5 nor as the other, horned before, 
 befides other differences: ’Twas fent from the Eaft- 
 lndies. 
 
 Tis about fifteen inches long, four high, in the middle 
 three and f over. His Forehead fquare, by the eminency 
 of the Eye-brows, a little hollow 5 two inches and 1 over. 
 His Eyes near an inch. His Nofe blunt, not very fteep, an 
 inch and 1 long. Two fmall holes 111 the place of Noftrils. 
 His Mouth exceeding little,! an inch over. His Teeth alfo 
 very fmall. 
 
 The Gills are ftrait, an inch and Hong. His back a 
 
 They ftand a little obliquely. Like thefe, a little before 
 the Tail, one above, another under. The Tail-Fm three 
 inches long, and three and! high. 
 
 Some part of both the Chaps and of the Tail are cover’d 
 only rvitli a Skin. The reft of the fifh with a kind of Cjuft: 
 yet not altogether fo hard as in the Cruftaceous kind. This 
 Cruft is all over adorned with innumerable little round 
 knobs reduced, for the 1110ft part, into hexagonal figures, 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Fijhes-. 
 
 111 
 
 Wormius calls this Cruft a Leathery Skin: but not rightly 
 as any one that compares it with the true Skin upon his 
 Chaps and Tail, whereof he takes no notice, may eafily 
 judge. That it may be bent, proves it not a Skin 5 for fo 
 may the Cruft of a Lobfler. To which this feemeth to 
 ftand in the next degree, as that doth to a Ihell. Or to 
 fpeak properly, it feems neither a Skin, nor a Cruft alone, 
 but a Mcdly ot both together, or a Cruft upon a Skin : 
 Nature having here,as in many other examples,united two 
 extreams by a third Thing in the middle. 
 
 Another SQUARE FISH ftained with black Spots. Given 
 by Mr. John Short. 
 
 The CONEY-FISH. Pifcis Triangularis. Defcnbed 
 by Marggravius. Wormius alfo fuppofeth his firft Square- 
 Fifh to be the fame. But neither of them are particular 
 enough. 
 
 ’Tis above * a yard long, above I a foot high, the Belly 
 flat, and almoft * a foot over. From whence his hides rife 
 up into a lharp Angle. His Head fomewhat like that of 
 a Coney 5 from whence his Name. His Eyes great, fc. an 
 inch and > long 5 and ftand high. His Forehead almoft 
 fquare, and by the eminency of the Eye-brows a little hol¬ 
 low 5 an inch and I broad. Hall an inch before the Eyes 
 two little holes like Noftrils. His Nofe defeending almoft 
 perpendicularly, three inches deep, and blunt-ended. His 
 Mouth not above an inch over. The Teeth i of an inch 
 long, and lharp: ten in the lower Chap, in the upper 
 twelve. His Back arched between the Head and Tail, and, 
 as is laid,very lharp. On each fide his Belly he hath a ftrong 
 lharp Spike i of an inch long, Handing near, and pointing 
 toward his Tail. 
 
 His Gills are ftrait, above an inch long, and parallel to 
 his Nofe. The Fins five. The Gill-Fins here broken off. 
 A little before his Tail, one above, another below, both 
 two inches long, an inch and I broad. The Tail-Fin 
 three inches long, and two and i high. Excepting his 
 Chaps and Tail, which are naked, he is cover’d all over 
 with the like Cruft, as the former. On the upper part of 
 the Tail, alfo grows a diftincf Cruft, of an Oval figure. 
 
 The Chaps and Tail ot this Fifh, and the reft of the kind, 
 are both left naked, for the more eafie and convenient 
 
 motion 
 
motion of the one in eating, and of the other in fwim- 
 ming. And for the fame reafon, the Gill-Fins do alfo 
 if and upon a naked Membrane. 
 
 The Female-CONEY-FISH. The Nofe here defcendeth 
 not fo fteeply. The Belly not fo broad. The Cruft every 
 where, except the middle of the Belly, ftained with a great 
 number of round black Spots. Hath not many of the 
 triangular fubdivilions. Nor the Oval Cruft upon the 
 Tail. 
 
 Another of the ftime Species , witli that now de- 
 fcribed. 
 
 The HORNED CONEY-FISH. Pifcis triangularis 
 (*) Tab. 45. cornutus. Jotmfion hath figur’d it. (a) But without either 
 Defcription or Name. It differs from the filh laft defcnbed 
 chiefly by its Horns, which he hath upon the top of his 
 Forehead, i an inch long, near an inch about the bottom, 
 and pointedjalmoft like an Horfes Ears when he pricks them 
 forward. His Teeth are alfo fmaller, his Mouth Idler, 
 and more naked. His Belly narrower, and fo his fides 
 more compreifecl. The Tail-Fin longer. And the Oval 
 Cruft on the Tail, not above but beneath. 
 
 ANOTHER of the fame Species , with two Oval-Crufts, 
 one on the top of the Tail, the other underneath. 
 
 A THIRD, without thefaid Oval-Cruft, and the triangu¬ 
 lar fubdivilions. 
 
 Two more HORNED CONEY-FISHES. AH five of 
 one unmixed afh-colour. 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 OF SCALED-FISHES, 
 
 THe HEAD of the CUCUPU-GUACU 5 fo called by 
 the people of Bra file, where it breeds. Defcnbed 
 by Marggravius. Who faith it is fometimes two yards 
 long, and a yard and half about. The Mouth of this 
 Head ftanding quite open, makes a circle of a yard in com- 
 pafs. So that, probably,’tis the biggeft of Scaled-FiJhes, 
 
 excepting 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Fifes. 
 
 113 
 
 excepting the Sturgeon. Of all our European Fifties, it feems 
 to come neareft to the Cole-Fijh or Black-Cod. 
 
 The SCALES (perhaps) of the fame Fifh. They are 
 almoft circular, above three inches in Diameter, and an- 
 fwerably thick. Like other Scales, they are horny, tranf- 
 parent, and elaftick or fpringy. That part of their edge 
 which is inferted into the Skin, bluntly Toothed. They 
 have a great many exceeding fmall Striae , hardly vifible, 
 but by holding them up againft the light. 
 
 The FILE-FISH. CAPRISCUS. It was fent from the 
 Bermudas. Curioufly pictur’d and defcribed by Salvian. {a) 00 Hilt. 71, 
 I call it the File-Fifh, from the likenefs which the foremoft 
 Bone upon his Back hath to a hie. There arc three of them: 
 which, faith Salvian , he raifes and depreffes at his pleafure; 
 yet fo, as not one alone, but altogether. And although 
 you prefs the foremoft, and greatell never fo hard, it will 
 not ftir : but if you deprefs the laft and leaft of all never 
 fo foftly, the other two immediately fall down with it: 
 juft as when a Crofs-Boiv is let off by pulling down the 
 Tricker. For which reafon alfo the filh is called, at Rome , 
 
 Pejce Baleftra. 
 
 Another tiling peculiar to this fifh is, that his Scales (as 
 Salvian calls them) arcfeparatedby cancellated lines, or 
 Lattice-wife. I add, and that they are all incruftated, and 
 rough-caft with little round knobs. So that the cover of 
 this fifh, is near a kin to that of the Square-Fijh ■, that be¬ 
 ing only one entire Cruft , this divided into many little 
 ones. 
 
 It may be noted, That where Salvian defcribeth this 
 filh to be comprejfum Is latum , atq 3 fere orbicularem , he 
 hath not properly exprefled his fhape. For he is not Broad, 
 but Tall ; and much nearer to a Rhomb ns or Diamond- 
 fquare. 
 
 This fifh feems to be the fame which the People of Bra- 
 file call GUAPERUA5 defcribed and pictur'd by Marg- 
 grav'ms and Pifo, and out of them b y Johnfton. (ft) (bj Tat. 34. 
 
 The TALLEST FILE-FISH. This feems to be that 
 Species particularly defcribed by S aim anus. It differs from 
 the foregoing only in being taller and narrower: and 
 in having the Tail-Fin with longer horns. 
 
 The PRICKLE or longeft FILE-FISH. It is a young 
 
 One. 
 
114 Of Fijhes. Part I. 
 
 One. Differs from that of Salvian. In that on the hides 
 hinderly, grows a little fhort Prickle upon the centre of 
 every Scale, pointing backward. It is alfo ratably much 
 longer and lower, his Nofe a great deal fhorter, and left 
 fleep, and his TaihFin lefs fpread. 
 
 Another LONG-FILE-FISH of the lame Species, and 
 about a foot in length. But the Prickles above-laid are here 
 worn off. 
 
 The STREAKED HLE-FISH. Cap rifcus Jlriatus. This 
 differs from the laft, In that its Scales are not prickled, but 
 ftreaked with many fmall Lines; forward, entire 5 but hin¬ 
 derly compofed of many little knobs. 
 
 The SNIPE-FISH. Scolopax. It was taken m the Baltick: 
 Sea. I find it no where well defcribed. 
 
 It is a little filh, when at full growth, as Rondeletius, 
 who had feen three of them all fmall, and full of Eggs, 
 well obferves. This here, about three inches and i long, 
 * of an inch high, the fides much comprelfed, being not 
 I of an inch thick. The Orbits of Ins Eyes very great, fc. 
 a I of an inch over. His Forehead as much. 
 
 He hath a tubular or pipe-like Snout, refembling that of 
 the Hippocampus , or the Horfe-Fifh. It coiTfeth of only 
 one hollow Bone, limit, and from his Eyes above an inch 
 long, or one third of his whole length. At the root, above 
 I of an inch high ■ at the extremity, w. Where he hath 
 an exceeding little Mouth5 which openeth not before, but 
 above. 
 
 His Gills large, behind the Eyes I of an inch, from 
 whence carry’d to his Snout or Bill, they clefcnbe I of a 
 circle. The Fins four. The Gill-Fins almoil i an inch 
 long, m the fame level with his Mouth and the bottom of 
 the Eye. The Tail-Fin as long, I of an inch high. 
 Before and above the Tail a fourth, a * of an inch long, '< 
 broad. 
 
 A little before this Fin, Hands a white and very lharp 
 Spike, or SW,above an inch long,couched a little backward, 
 and armed with a double row of fmall lharp Teeth, all 
 pointing upward. To this great One, are fubjoyned two 
 Idler, by one common Membrane, as in the File- 
 Fifb. 
 
 His Skin grey with fome few rays of red 5 pollibly more 
 
 in 
 
P a r t L Of Fijhey. 115 
 
 m the living fifh. He is fcaly, and rough with a Tingle 
 Row of very fmall Prickles near his Eyes, with a treble one 
 on his Belly and Sides 5 hardly vifible without a Glafs. 
 
 By the great length and ftru&ure of this Fifhes Bill, he 
 ihould feem, upon dilating his Throat at his pleafure, to 
 fuck in his food, andfotoufe it as a Sirynge. Withall, 
 his Mouth not being open before, but on the top of his 
 Bill-end, like a Gutter-Trough, doth much promote the 
 current, of all that comes in at it, to his Throat. And fo in 
 the Trumpet-Fifh. 
 
 The three Spikes on his Back (whereof Rondeletius and 
 others only obferve the greateft ) being atTociated in the 
 Time manner, and having the like mutual proportion, as 
 in the File-Fijh 5 it may reafonably be fuppofed, that they 
 have alfo the Time Motions, depreflions and erections, as, 
 in fpeaking of the Laid fifh, hath been defcribed. And that 
 therefore , while the filh fwims fecure, they are all 
 couched downclofe to his Back, that they may not hinder 
 his courfe: but that when ever he is purfued, he ftrait erects 
 them all, and by the help of the Idler, keeps the great one 
 tite up againft his Enemy. 
 
 The SQUARE ACARAUNA ; by Mariners, The Old 
 Wife. It hath fome marks of kindred with the tall Acaran¬ 
 na, defcribed and pictur’d in Marggravius and Pifo. But 
 hath alfo divers others of diftinction from it 5 as the diffe¬ 
 rent pofition of the Spurs, the different fhape both of Head, 
 
 Body and Tail, 5cc. as may be obferved by comparing the 
 Defcriptions and Figures of both together. The tall Aca- 
 rauna is figured alfo by Johnfton, (a) out of Marggravius 5 (a) Tab. 32, 
 but without any Infcription of Number or Title. 
 
 This here was brought from Suranam. Eight inches 
 long and \ above three high, about one and 4 over. His 
 fore parts and Tail are (now) of a pale ftraw-colour 5 all the 
 reft are of ablackifh brown. He is cover'd all over with 
 Scales engraven with fmall parallel Lines: except on his 
 Forehead and Chaps before, where his Skin is only ruged as 
 you draw your Finger downward. 
 
 The Crown of his Head rifes up into a blunt Angle, his 
 Forehead flat, above i an inch broad. His Eyes round, i 
 an inch over, and ftand high. A little before them, two 
 fmall holes like Noftnls. His Mouth alfo ftands high, and 
 
 Qj2 is 
 
1I j _ Of Fifes. Part I. 
 
 is extreme (mall, fcarce i of an inch over. His Teeth con¬ 
 tiguous, like fmall Needles. 
 
 On his upper Jaw grow four little Prickles on each fide. 
 On each fide his nether,two great Spikes or Spurs, hard,and 
 very lharp, about an inch long, pointing obliquely down¬ 
 ward, and bended a little like a Cocks Spur. From the Root 
 of thefe feveral little rtiort Prickles run in a flrait Row to the 
 Eyes. 
 
 The Gills behind make a ftrait Line, and an Angle, from 
 whence they are produced forward. The Fins feven. The 
 Gill-Fins hang under the Spurs, an inch and i long near 
 an inch broad. The Breaft-Fins alfo an inch and Homy 
 1 broad. The Back-Fin from the top of his Head, the Belly- 
 Fin from his Anus are carry’d to the Tail-Fin, fo as to ftand 
 betwixt two parallel lines, • making the fifh almoft fquare 5 
 from whence I have Nam’d it. They are both ftretchcd 
 out beyond their roots with two lharp Angles. The Tail- 
 Fin an inch and I long, and higher, with its utmolf edge 
 Convex. 
 
 The Spur above defcrib’d, is a dangerous, and as it feems, 
 a malicious Weapon; wherewith the fifh ftrikesfide-ways* 
 and as it were under-hand,not fuffenng,in its doged humor,' 
 any other fifh to confort with it. 
 
 The SWALLOW-FISH. So called from the length of 
 his Gill-Fins, which reach to the end of his Tail, like a 
 pair of very long Wings. Byfome, the Flying-Herring, 
 from a likenefs in the lhape of their Body. Perhaps Ronde- 
 letius’s Mugilvs A lat us. But by Salman called Hirundo, by 
 whom it is well defcribed. (a) That Line (faith he) which 
 6*1 r ' 111 ot,lcr filhes goes either from the Head or Branchiae by 
 the fides to the Tail; here runs from the Belly-Fins along 
 the Belly to the Tail. Johnjlon alfo deferibes it out of 
 Aldrovandus, but omits the juft number of feven Fins. In 
 the figure alfo which he gives, the Belly-Fins are wanting. 
 And the Orbits of the Eyes, which are extraordinary great, 
 he reprefenteth little. 
 
 His Gill-Fins he ufeth as Wings, wherewith lie flyeth, 
 for efcape, above the water, when purfu’d by another fifh 5 
 efpecially, as Pifo faith, by the Dolphin. But as they fly 
 Gis the fame Author) they often become a prey to Water- 
 Fowl. Hundreds of them are fometimes feen above the 
 
 Water 
 
PartI. Of Fijhes ___ 117 
 
 Water at once. When they fly, they make a kind of Stridor , 
 ds fome Fowls with their Wings. 
 
 KITE-FISH. So called alfo from his Wings or Gill- 
 Fins, which, what they want in length, they have in breadth 
 and ftrength. Figur’d by Rondeletius, and accurately de- 
 fcribed. Saving, that he mentions but feven of his eight 
 
 m This fifhfeems to be the fame with that which Marggra- 
 Tjim defcnbes by the Name of PIRAPEBE. 
 
 Another KITE-FISH of the fame Species. Figur’d by 
 
 lohnfton. Tab. 17. N. 9. . . 
 
 Of the GILL-FINS of the FLYING-FISH, it is further 
 obfcrvable. That they are fattened very high near their 
 Backs 5 that fo at the fame time their Bodies may be in fome 
 part fuftained by the Water, and their Wings have a little 
 fcope to play above it, for their eafier advance into the 
 
 ^ ir 
 
 The BEARDED-LOACH or GROUNDLING. Gobi- 
 tes Barbatula. It is a fmall fiih about five inches long, 
 bearded with fix fmall Threads, three on each fide. Yet 
 Bellonius mentions but four. Nor doth Gefner picture more 
 in his corrected figure. See them both. 
 
 The MAILED-FISH. Cataphracius Schonveldii. It was 
 brought from Guiny. But is alfo oiten taken in the Mouth 
 of the Elb. It is well defenbed by the Author of the Name. 
 
 And by John ft on well figur’d, Tab. 4$. Butin Tab. 24. but 
 fcurvily, unlefs it be another Species. It is a fmall fiih about 
 five or fix inches long, with a broad fquat head, and thence 
 taper’d to the end of the Tail. His Scales are as it were 
 doubled, by which he becomes of an angular figure, with 
 about eight Angles before, and fix behind. His Nofe-end 
 armed with two Prickles Handing together in a femilunar 
 figure; fuppofed to be venemous. 
 
 The TAMO AT A pictur’d and defcribed by Pifo, feems to 
 be the fame with this fiih. 
 
 Another MAILED-FISH of the fame Species. 
 
 The MAILED-FISH of Bra file. It hath a near re- 
 femblance to the former 5 from w hence I have Nam d it. 
 
 I find it nowhere defenb’d. Tis I a foot long. His Head 
 an inch and I long, and near as broad. On the hinder 
 part of his Head he hath three Angles, one on each fide, 
 
 and 
 
Part I. 
 
 1 18 Of Ftfloes. 
 
 and a third in the middle. The Forehead almoft flat. His 
 upper Chap Elliptic!;. The Orbits of his Eves round, i of 
 an inch over, an inch behind his Nofe-end, ’ diflant. A 
 little before the Eyes, two large holes like Noftrils. His 
 Mouth a little prominent, near' an inch over. His Lips 
 m the place ot Teeth, only rough. His lower Jaw and 
 Belly flat. His Body before, an inch and I broad, an inch 
 and 4 high, his Back round, the Sides ending in two Angles. 
 His Tail taper’d, and with the Sides a little flat. 
 
 One halt ot the Gills opens on the tides,the other under¬ 
 neath in the Breaft. The Fins are eight. The Gill-Fins of 
 an unufual ftrucTurc, having their utmoft Spine or Bone 
 very rough, thick and itrong, above an inch and Hon- 
 flat and crooked, almoft like a Reaping-HooT, feven or ei-ht 
 times as big as any of the reft of the Fin-Bones. The Befly- 
 Fins much lets, and above an inch behind. Juft over thefe 
 the Back-Fin. On the Tail one above, underneath, and 
 at the end: But the two hrft are here broken off. 
 
 His Head is cover’d with a brown and rough bonv Hel¬ 
 met. His Back, Sides and Tail with Scales of the fame 
 colour, but a little lighter, rough, engraven with fmall 
 parallel Lines, and of a Rhomboidal figure. His Breaft; 
 and Belly only with a thin limber Skin. 
 
 The BRASILIAN NEEDLE-FISH 5 by the People of 
 fra file called TIMUCU. Acm Brafdienfis. Marggravim 
 hath defenbed and figur’d it well. ’Tisa long flender fi(h, 
 Irom whence its Name. It hath alfo a pair of Chaps like 
 a long Bill. He only omits the two fcaly Lines which run 
 along the Belly and fail of the Fiih, which every where clfe 
 hath a naked Skin. 
 
 ... The CHAPS (perhaps) of the GREENLAND NEEDLE- 
 f .BH. The Teeth which ftand in tingle Rows on the 
 Edges of the Chaps arc thick and ftrong, yet very (harp. 
 In the lower Chap, near the two edges, are two furrows, 
 into which the Teeth of the upper Chap ftnke. The two 
 Bones which compofe the Chap, are joyned together by an 
 indented Suture, moft curious to look upon. The fith 
 ieems next a kin to the common great Needle-Fijh , or the 
 which is defenbed by Ron de let ins, Aldrovandus , 
 (*) Hi it. others, and pictur d by JohnJton , Tab. 15. 
 
 Amm. It is an Obfervation ot Arifiotles , (a) That moft fifties 
 
 having 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Fifties'. 
 
 119 
 
 having no Gullet, but their Stomachs Handing juft behind 
 their Mouths 5 it often comes to pafs, that while the 
 greater purfue the lefler, h xoiA/ix eft to <f/M. , their 
 
 Stomachs come out into their very Mouths. Some re- 
 femblance whereof, in a low degree, may be felt by thofe 
 that with an eager Appetite firft begin to eat 5 the Gula 
 riling up a little as it were to meet the meat half way 5 which, 
 upon its retreat, it fucks in after it. Which hath happened 
 in fome with that violence, as to have endanger’d their be¬ 
 ing choaked. 
 
 'CHAP. IY. 
 
 OF EX A VIOVS FISHES. 
 
 'T'He Rough HORNED-LOBSTER. Given by Dr. Tho- 
 
 J- mas Allen. I call it fo, from the many pointed knobs 
 which he hath all over his Back. Squill a Crangone. De¬ 
 ferred by Rondeletiws. See alfo the figure hereof in Gefner, 
 F 10 99- 
 
 This fifh, inftead of the Plates on the Tail of a common 
 Lobfter , hath fo many Fins, which for the far greater part 
 of them are naked, or without a Cruft upon them. 
 
 All Lobfiers ufe their Tails, as Fins, wherewith they 
 commonly fwim backward by Jirks or Springs ; reaching 
 fometimes ten yards at a Spring. For which purpofe, 
 whereas the Gill-Fins of other fifhes, which are their Oars, 
 are a little Concave backward 5 thefe have the Plates of 
 their Tails when they bend them down, as they ufe to do, 
 a little Concave forwards. 
 
 Another HORNED-LOBSTER with fmoother Back. 
 Thefe fifties are the moftpleafant meat of all the Cruftaci- 
 ous kind 5 except perhaps the Punger. 
 
 A CLAW of the GREAT LOBSTER. Aftacus Leo. 
 Tis above a foot-long, and a foot and three inches round 
 the middle. So that, ratably, the Lobfter it felf mull have 
 been about a yard in length. 
 
 TWO more of the fame, a little leffer. 
 
 The CLAW perhaps of a rare fort of CAMARUS, with 
 the inner Joynt forked. The 
 
120 
 
 Of Fijhet. 
 
 PartI 
 
 The MOLUCCA-CRAB. Cancer Molucenfis. The beft 
 figure hereof is given by Bejler , who alone fhews the 
 Eyes 5 yet not fo clearly as could be wifhed. Not ill de- 
 fenbed by Job. de Laet. That which Clufius makes to be 
 the fore part, he makes the hinder: and Wormius doth the 
 like 5 and faith, it is plain, from the pofition of the Legs; 
 With both whom I agree. And to what Wormius faith, I 
 alfo add, the pofition of the Eyes 5 for from Clufius s 
 Defcription, it would follow, that they flood in the hinder 
 part of the Crab. Here are eight or nine of them; the entire!! 
 and largelf, given by Henry Whiftler Efq;. 
 
 The Eye of this Crab , hath a horny Cover. But Hands 
 almoft flat, or in the fame plain with the reft of the fhell. 
 Tis pleafant to look on, being latticed like the Eye of a 
 Butterfly. The latticed-work is difcernable to a naked Eye, 
 but much better through a Glafs. 
 
 Laet^i t The People ( a ) that live near the River Cbovacod in 
 a£t ‘ ,2 ’ Nova Francia , pile their Shafts with the Tails of this Crab, 
 which breeds there abundantly. 
 
 The CLAW of thePUNGER, or the VELVET-CRAB, 
 called Pagurus. It is one of the biggeft fort 3 and the beft 
 meat of any. Linfcboten reports. That feme (but he frith 
 not of what kind) 111 India, have been found fo big, that 
 whenfoever they got any man with in their Claws, it coft 
 him his life. 
 
 The PRICKLED-CRAB. Hippocarcinus , or Cancer afper, 
 becaufe of the Spikes that grow upon his Back. They breed 
 near Norway. 
 
 Another with a great number of Center-fhells growing 
 upon its Back. 
 
 t b) De Part. It is noted by Ariflotle, ( b ) That all Lobflers and Crabs 
 
 Amm.hb. 4. } iave t j lc j r }{,g] ir Claw, the greater and ftronger. Crabs 
 
 (c) ibid, have no Tail, nor need it, faith the fame Author, (c) as 
 
 Lobflers do to fwim with 3 becaufc they live much upon 
 the Land. 
 
 CRABS-EYES. Oculi Cancrorum. hCruftaceows-flone fo 
 called, growing as is commonly (but I doubt falfly) find, in 
 
 (d) Muf. River Crabs. Efpecially,faith Cerutus, [d] in the Female, at 
 
 shr” 1 that time, when the new fhell begins to grow. 
 
 Both the Powder and the Alagiftery of Crabs-Eyes 3 and 
 the Claws, and Diftilled-Water of Crabs, are all ufed in 
 Medicine. The 
 
Part I. 
 
 i 21 
 
 Of Vifhes. 
 
 The NAKED-SHRIMP, commonly called The Souldier- 
 Crab. Canceling. Here are two of them houfed 5 one in a 
 Sea-Snail-Jhell 5 the other in that of a common Wilk. It is 
 accurately deferibed by Ariftotle. (a) His fore part is armed ( P HUl An - 
 with crullaceous Plates, as the Lobfter , but rather refembles hb ' 4 ' ° 4 ’ 
 the Shrimp. His hinder part is naked, or without a Cruft : 
 from whence I take leave for the Name: Neither the ufual 
 Englijh Name, nor the Greets , w ™ov ( according to which 
 the Latin ) being futable to the ihape of this Animal, a 
 quite different kind from a Crab. 
 
 Two N AKED-SHRIMPS unhoufed, or without a 
 lhell. 
 
 This Animal, becaufe his hinder part is naked, always 
 houfes himfelf in fome empty lhell, or other capable Body , 
 
 When he hath failed one lhell with Excrements, faith Bello - 
 nius, or grows too big for it, faith Ariftotle , he tranfplants 
 himfelf to another. Thofe that houfe themfelves in the 
 lhell oi the little long Wilk , or the Purple-Wilft , are called 
 Little Souldier-Crabs , thofe in the great Wilft-Jhe/l, the 
 Great Souldier-Crab: and fo , if in other (hells of like 
 bignefs. 
 
 The INMATE-CRAB. Pinnophylax. Becaufe it is faid 
 to watch for the Prey, and to give notice to the Pinna 
 when to apprehend it. Tis fhaped like a Crab ; but feldom 
 grows bigger than a Chefnut. They are of a lovely white, 
 and fome with rays of a light Red or Pinck-colour. One 
 difference betwixt the Canceling and this, is. That that 
 always choofes an empty lhell ,this hofpitates with the living 
 Animal in the fame lhell. He cohabits not only with 
 the Pinna, but alfo the Mufcle , Oyfter , and Scallop , 
 
 The PREKE or POULPS. Polypus. See the Defcription 
 in Rondeletius and others. ’Tisa Naked-Fijh, having eight 
 Fingers or Arms fpread out almoft like the Rays of a Star- 
 Fifh, and the Mouth in a manner in the middle ol them. 
 
 Their Arms ferve them both to fwim with, and to Attaque 
 the Prey. When they are purfu d by a fxfh, they prefently 
 call forth a black Liquor, which they have always ready 
 in a Bag, and wherewith they darken the water, and fo 
 make their efcape. Being boiled with Wine and Spices, 
 they are, faith Moufet , if) a very excellent meat. (b) Lib, dc 
 
 The SMOOTH STAR-FISH or SEA-PAD. Stella Re 
 
 R 
 
 manna 
 
122 
 
 Of Fijhes. 
 
 Part I. 
 
 marina levior. It was font from the Eafl-Indies. I find it 
 not defcribed. When alive, it is of a flefh-colour. It hath 
 five Arms or Rays, each an inch broad, and proportion- 
 ably very long, fc. above five inches; the Trunk being 
 not above an inch and I Diameter. The upper or convex 
 fide is wrought all over with very little lenticular knobs, 
 almoft like a Chameleons Skin; with fmall Concavities 
 interjected, like tliofe in Poppy-feed. Underneath, each 
 Arm is furrow’d, the Margins of the Furrows being fet with 
 a kind of curious Fring. The Margins of the Arms wrought 
 with Lenticular eminencies fet in a ftraight Row, and 
 befprinkled as it- were with little Century-feed. 
 
 All Stars have their Mouths in the middle underneath, 
 as the Sea-Urchin. They feed upon Shcll-fifh. And teem, 
 faith Rondeletius, to have no other paffage for their Excre¬ 
 ments, but their Mouths. Whereof I much doubt. They 
 take the Prey, as the Polypus , and fwim very fwiftly, by 
 flretchmg out or contracting their Arms at their plea- 
 fure. 
 
 The BRANCHED STAR-FISH. Stella marina arboref- 
 cens. A rare kind. It was taken in the Bay of Maftachufet in 
 New-England. See the Defcnfption hereof in Rondeletius , 
 and out of him in Wormius. As alfo in the Philofophical 
 (a) Num.57. Tranf. ( a) under the Title of Pifcis Echinoftellaris Vifci- • 
 for mis. Before I had perufed thefe, I had drawn up a 
 Defcription of my own, which I will take leave to fubjoyn. 
 It is above a foot Diametre. The Mouth, in the middle, is 
 divided into fveLips. The figure both of this and of the 
 Trunk or Body is pentangular. The Diametre of the 
 Trunk almoft three inches. The lides grow thin from the 
 Mouth to their Edges, which are fo many exact Hyper¬ 
 bola’s. 
 
 From the five Corners of the Trunk, as man) Branches 
 being produced, are prefently each divided into two others, 
 about an inch in compafs 5 round, but by a double Row 
 of little knobs, feeming to be fquare. Each of thefe, are 
 again fubdivided into lefter and lefier Branches. The laft 
 whereof, are fcarce thicker than a Horfe-Hair. In number, 
 by a moderate eftimate, above aThoufand. 
 
 As he fwims, he fpreads and ftretches out all his Branches 
 to their full length 5 but fo foon as he perceives the Prey 
 
 within 
 
Part!. Of Fifbe ?v 
 
 within his reach, he hooks them all in, and fo takes it as it 
 were in a Net. 
 
 The PRICKLED STAR-FISH. Stella marina birfuta . 
 Perhaps Rondeletiud s Peclinata prima. It hath five Arms, 
 each Arm pointed, and alfo llender or narrowed next the 
 Trunk, but fpread in the middle. Two inches and I long ; 
 the Trunk it Pelf not above I aninchDiametre. The upper 
 part hath a rough fhag of ihort Prickles 5 the other, of 
 longer : where alfo the Arms are furrow'd. Thefe innu¬ 
 merable Prickles upon their Arms, are all movable, as in the 
 Sea-Hedg-Hog. 
 
 ThreemorePRICKLED STAR-FISHES; which 
 indifferently anfwer the fecond, third, and fourth of Ron- 
 deletius. 
 
 The GR OWNl)-STAR- FISH. Stella marina Coronals. It 
 was taken in the Danijh- Sea. I meet not with the De- 
 fcription anywhere. 'Tis a little One. It hath five ihort 
 Arms, bluntly pointed, about two inches long. The 
 Trunk two inches and I over, the five Sides whereof are 
 Hyperbolick. The upper part rifes up like a Crown, 
 adorned with round Knobs of the bignefs of a green Peas, 
 with other little ones, on both fides like Pins heads, ranged 
 into five even Rows from the ends of the Arms to the top 
 of the Star 5 in forne fort, as precious Stones are fet upon 
 a Royal Crown: from whence I have named it. The 
 fpaces alfo between them are befet with little knobs. The 
 edges of the Arms and Sides are in like manner fet round 
 about with leffer upon greater. Underneath, the furrows 
 of the five Arms meet in the middle, paved with little 
 Stones almoft like Teeth 3 the broad Margins, with other 
 round knobs or ftones. 
 
 Thefe Stones , are in colour, fubftance, and nature con¬ 
 generous, with thofe which are commonly called Crabs- 
 Eyes. 
 
 The HIGH-CROWN’D STAR-FISH. It differs from 
 the former, in being much taller, and in having no Knobs, 
 but only Spikes, the one half whereof are ranged into 
 certain correfpondent Orders. 
 
 A FLAT SPIKED STAR-FISH, taken in the German 
 Ocean. 
 
 Little STAR-FISHES with five Arms, taken in the Britijh 
 Seas. R 2 1 A 
 
24 
 
 Of Sheik 
 
 Part I. 
 
 A STAR-FISH with fix Rays or Arms. They are almoft 
 like thofe of the fmooth Star-Fijh 5 excepting, that two of 
 them are as ihort again as the reft. Whether a monftrous 
 Production, or a diftindt Species , I cannot fay. 
 
 A STAR-FISH with TWELVE RAYS ; 'by fome called 
 Sun-Fifh. ’Twas taken in the Britijh- Sea. The Bafts of 
 each Ray is much llenderer than by the figure in Johnflon 
 is reprefented. Neither is it ihag’d only on the edges, as in 
 the fame figure, but all over. 
 
 SECT. VI. 
 
 OF SHELLS. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 Of whirled and fingle SHELLS. 
 
 T Here is a large Treafure of Shells in this Mufaum: 
 in all, great and fmall, about fix hundred. The 
 Reduction of all which to the Order of Nature, 
 whoever fhall go about, will find to be no little Task. Nor 
 can it be perfectly done here, becaufe as yet the Collection 
 it felf is not perfedt. According to the befl Method I can 
 at prefent think of, I fhall here place them. And that it may 
 be the better judged, how far it is natural, or not, I fhall 
 afterwards digeft them into Schemes. Moll of them are 
 Strangers in England and the Britijh- Seas, and therefore I 
 mull be allowed a little more than ordinary liberty for the 
 Englijh Names. 
 
 Note, That when I fpeak of the Right or Left Lip of a 
 Shell, I mean, as it is held with the Mouth down¬ 
 wards. 
 
 The FROG-WILK. Murex Coracoides. Defcribed and 
 pictur’d by Johifton out of others. As are alfo mod of 
 thofe that follow, which are only named. It hath three 
 Appendices on each fide, like fingers or feet, and one at the 
 end. The 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Shells. 
 
 125 
 
 The BROAD-LIPFD WILK. Aporrhais. The Lips of 
 this are pale and even. Of this kind, three great Ones are 
 here preserved, one of them above a foot in length. 
 
 The BROAD-LIP’D WILK , with wrinkled Lips, and 
 dyed with a deep purple. See a curious figure of this in 
 Calceolarias s Mufaum , (a) under the Title of Concbilium 00 Se<ft. 1. 
 Muricatum. This Shell, faith Cerutus, (b) the Indians ufe (b) Ibid, 
 as a Trumpet, both in their Wars, and in Hunting. 
 
 The MARBLE WILK. Murex marmoreus , from its 
 mixed colours, which make it look like fpoted Marble. Of 
 thefe, here are five. 
 
 The ORIENTAL WILK. Murex Orientals. The right 
 Lip of this is even. Here are four great Shells of this fort, 
 near a foot in length. 
 
 Another ORIENTAL WILK, with the right Lip 
 undulated. 
 
 Betwixt the three forts of Shells above mentioned, there 
 is this difference, That the right Lip of that commonly 
 call’d The Oriental , is only expanded; that of the marbled, 
 expanded or fpread, and turned outward; of the Broad- 
 Lipd, fpread outward, and as it were Finger’d. 
 
 A SHELL like the ORIENTAL, with a KNOBED 
 Turban or Whirle. 
 
 Another of the fame fort with an EVEN Whirle. 
 
 It is a fmall fhcll, not above an inch and I long. Forward, 
 fomewhat flat, and white as Milk. Hinderly, flamed with 
 tauny fpots. The left Lip is turned or fpread out. The 
 right, at the bottom wrinkled, and flamed with a light 
 purple. Towards the Cone or fore Corner, is gather’d into 
 an open Angle. The Whirle is fmooth, not very high, 
 maketh fix Rounds. 
 
 The LONG-MOUTH D WILK. Murex Labris paral¬ 
 lel'll. Both the Lips of this are plain or even on the 
 Surface. I call it Long-Mouth’d, becaufe the Mouths of 
 all that have been nam’d before, are very wide. 
 
 The LONG-MOUTH’D WILK, with oblique furrows 
 on the left Lip. Here are four of this fort: whereof one 
 is near I a foot long. Each of the inner Rounds of the 
 Whirle or Turban , is one third part lefler than that next 
 without it. 
 
 The SPIKED-WILK. Murex Acdeatm. This, of all 
 
 the 
 
I 2 6 
 
 (a) Tab. 32. 
 
 f. 5 . 
 
 _ Of Shells. Part^L 
 
 the reft, hath the Name, Mur ex, moft properlv given it 3 
 from thefpiked Inftrument ufed in War, fo called. The 
 Spikes of this are round. Here are three of thefe Shells, one 
 of which is ’ of a foot long. Well figur’d by Olearius. ( a) 
 And better by Bejler. 
 
 The SPIKED-WILK,with doubled or PLAITED Spikes. 
 Here are two of this fort, one of them near I a foot long. 
 Both the Lips are a little drawn outward, and fo the Mouth 
 almoft Oval, both the corners thereof pretty long, the left 
 Lip fpread outward, the right wrinkled 3 the main Body 
 fomewhat Conical,the Whirle low,confifting of fix Rounds 5 
 both ftriated, and armed with plated Spikes Handing in a 
 fpiral Order. 
 
 The BOSSED or KNOBED-WILK. In the place of 
 fpikes it hath round knobs. Here are five or fix, all lelTer 
 ones, about the length of a Katharine-Pear 5 fo that ’tis 
 probable they grow not much bigger. 
 
 The CONICK SNAIL. Cochlea Cylindrical fo it is 
 commonly called by Zoographers, but very improperly, 
 the figure hereof being Conical. Here are about fourteen 
 of this fort. Whereof forne have a plain, others a knobed 
 Turban. ‘Some are all over white, or yellowilh, others are 
 ftained white and black, or blacki(h-bay, white and brown, 
 or white and yellowilh. In forne the colours are laid in 
 fpots, in others undulated, and in forne others Lattice-wife. 
 Condole tins faies,That this Shell feldom exceeds the thicknefs 
 of the Thumb. Yet one of thefe is above Li foot long, and 
 the Bafe above three inches over. The reft are {mail, all of 
 them plain Cylinders. Not unelegantly exprefs’d in forne 
 variety ot figures by Olearius , Tab. 31. and Fig. 3. of 
 Tab. 32. 
 
 The Whirle maketh nine or ten Rounds: which hold 
 the fame proportion one to another, as in the Long-Mouth’d 
 WilT In the Kingdom of Congi, and forne other places in 
 the Eaft-Indies , thefe Shells gy for Money. 
 
 The CONICK SNAIL a little convex, and with the 
 Rounds of the Turban alfo convex. 
 
 Another Convex Conick Snail, with the Rounds of the 
 Turban Concave. 
 
 The GREAT PERSIAN WILK. Concha Perfica major. 
 Of this fort there are four here preferved, of which, two 
 are abovea foot long. This 
 
Part! Of Shells. 
 
 This Wilk. yields a purple juvee,anciently ufed for deying. 
 The Cover of this Shell is called Onyx or Vnguis, becaufc 
 in fhape like the Claw of a Carniverous Bird. The bell: of 
 thefe Opercula or Covers are found in and brought from the 
 Red-Sea. 
 
 The Idler PERSIAN WILK, with furrow’d Lips. Of 
 this fort there are five here preferved of a middle fize. The 
 Great Per ft an Wilk is knobed, and hath only one Series of 
 wrinckles. This even, and with a double Series of 
 wrincklcs a crofs one to the other. Each of the outer 
 Rounds of the Whirle is double the thicknefs of the next 
 within it. 
 
 The lefler PERSIAN WILK with even Lips. ’Tis a 
 fmall fhell, fcarce bigger than the Kernel of a Filbert. The 
 Mouth is almoft Oval, each Corner ending in a fmall 
 Channel. Both the Lips are turned outwards fideways, and 
 as far as the end of the Turban. The Back is fpeckled with 
 white, red, and blew. The Turban not high, nor hath more 
 than three Rounds. 
 
 The PERSIAN WILK, with the Rounds of the Whirle 
 plated and interrupted 5 fo as the Plates of the feveral 
 rounds do anticipate one another. Of thefe here are 
 three. 
 
 The FLAT-LIP’D SNAIL. Cochlea finiflri Labri angulo 
 duplici. Not defenbed. In a manner half a long Oval. The 
 left Lip is flat,whereby it hath a double edge. Deep within, 
 tis flamed with a fhinmg Bay. The left Lip near the Turban 
 almoft an inch broad ; before, it ends lharp. The Turban 
 maketh but about two Rounds. Both this and the Body 
 are befet with knobs in a fpiral order, and are cover’d over 
 with a pale purple Cruft. 
 
 The fhort FLAT-LIP’D SNAIL. ’Tis white within 5 yet 
 the left Lip is flamed with two Bay fpots. The Back of a 
 light afh-colour. The Knobs of this have no Incruftation. 
 The Rounds of the Turban are three. 
 
 The WRINKLED-SNAIL. Cochlea rugofa. Here are 
 two of thefe, whereof one is near ? a foot long. Each of 
 the outer Rounds of the 7 urban is twice as big as the 
 next within it. One of thefe is cunoufly figur’d by 
 Bejler. 
 
 The HOOK-NOS’D SNAIL. Cochlea Rofl ro recurvo. So 
 
 I call 
 
 127 
 
ia8 
 
 Part L 
 
 (a) In bis 
 Purpura. But 
 better in bis 
 Book, de A- 
 quat. dc 
 Ter reft r. 
 
 Of Shells. 
 
 I call it, though it is not properly the Nofe or Beak of the 
 Snail, but of its (hell. The Turban is pretty high. Both 
 this and the Body arc wrought with knobs and lines in an 
 oblique and fpiral Order. 
 
 The SNAIL with the SPIKED TURBAN. Cochlea 
 Turbine aculeato. This ihell is defcribed and figur’d by 
 Fabius Columna. (a) Yet in fome things he hardly reaches 
 it. The Mouth is a kind of long Oval. The right Lip 
 is fprcad, and as it were doubled outward. The Back faced 
 with fmooth Plates like fo many more lips, carry’d ob¬ 
 liquely from the left Lip to the Turban , and there fet 
 with fhort but very Iharp Spikes. The fpaces betwixt thefe 
 are Lin inch broad, wrinkled with very fmall furrows, 
 and curioufly ftained with pillars of white and brown lines 
 meeting together in feveral Arches,as if it had been done by 
 a Painter. 
 
 The SHORT-NOS’D SNAIL, with a low and plain 
 or even Turban. 
 
 The DIPING-SNAIL. Cochlea Immerfo Turbine. Not 
 defcribed. In other Snails the Rounds of the Whirle Hand 
 either in or elfe above a plain 5 here, they dip or run down 
 within the Ihell. Here are divers of them 5 all very fmooth, 
 and of an Oval figure. One of a white colour, befprinkled 
 with an innumerable company of Email brown fpecks j 
 about the bignefs of a little Horfe-Flum. The reft are 
 fmaller. 
 
 The LONG-MOUTH’D SNAIL. Cochlea Labmfaral- 
 lelk, f. Cylindrovalk. The figure hereof is betwixt Cylin¬ 
 drical and Oval. One half only of the left Lip is turned 
 outward, and uneven with oblique furrows. The right 
 Lip plain. The fore-angle of the Mouth crooked. The 
 Rounds of the Turban furrow’d, not high, four or five in 
 number. The Back is painted with a mixture of yellow, 
 bay, blew and black fpecks. It is about two inches long. 
 There are fome more of the fame Species that are 
 lefs. 
 
 The NAVLE-SNAIL. Cochlea Vmbilicalvs. The 7 urban 
 of this is fmooth. The end of the inmoft Round is produ¬ 
 ced like a Navle , whence its Name. 
 
 Another fort of NAVLE-SNAIL. The 7 urban of this is 
 fet with fhort doubled or plated Spikes. It is almoft a foot 
 in length. The 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Shells, 129 
 
 The OVAL LONG-MOUTH’D SNAILT^bigg^T” 
 than a Filbert Kernel. The Lips are parallel. The right 
 turned or doubled outward. The left uneven with three 
 oblique furrows. The Back fpeckled with white and red. 
 
 The Wbirle hath four Rounds pretty high. 
 
 The PURPLE-WILK with folid Spikes. Purpura acule'vs 
 [olidis. This and the other kinds commonly found in the 
 Dead-Sea. 
 
 The PURPLE-WILK with long plated Spikes. Purpura 
 Aculeis plicat'vs longiffinm. By Ferranto Imperato , called 
 Echinata. Olearius gives a good Figure, {a) Fab. Columna Tab> 
 the Defcription, with the Title of Purpura muricata jive h& 
 Murex Roftratus parvus. I will add my own a little fuller. 
 
 The main Body is not much bigger than a good big 
 Nutmeg. But hath a Horn no lefs than two inches and 
 I long, near the Mouth * of an inch over, and fharp-pointed. 
 
 Almoft a Pipe, but a little open underneath by the length. 
 
 Along the right Lip and the Turban it felf, in three Rows, 
 
 Hand fevcral long lharp plated or gutter’d Spikes triangu¬ 
 larly. But on the Turban they a little anticipate each other. 
 
 As alfo do the Plates of the feveral Rounds. The right Lip 
 is in fome fort toothed, the left turned outward. 
 
 The PURPLE with REDOUBLED SPIKES , i. e. with 
 the greater doubled Spikes collaterally fubdivided into 
 lelfer. Of thefe there are four. Two of them white, 
 defcribed by Columna with the Name of Purpura five 
 Murex Pelagius marmoreus. Another, afh-colour’d 5 and a 
 fourth, brown. 
 
 All Purples have a Canale or Gutter’d Horn long or 
 fhort, in which is lodged that part which is called the 
 Tongue ; but performs the Lime Office as the Gills in other 
 Filhes. ( b) The Animal creeps and directs its own way (b) Fab. 
 with its Horns, like a Snail: vet hath it not four, but two Columi1 - 
 
 onl 7: ( c ) . . . . (cjul 
 
 The Purple Tincture it yields, is contained betwixt that Lyfc dc 
 part which is called the Papaver and the Neck, (d) It is of ^ cbI \ (}of 
 a different degree 3 in fome, more upon the Red, like that Hifl.Anim.' 
 of Cocbinele ; in others, more upon the Blew, like that of ,lb ‘ 5>c -* 5 - 
 Violets. It was anciently ( preifcd out of the living (e) w Mufs lim 
 Animal, and) ufed efpecially for the deying of Silks. But Worm ‘ 
 is now grown out of ufe, as is likely ^ from the great 
 
 S abundance 
 
Of Sheik 
 
 Part L 
 
 130 
 
 abundance of a fort of Fucks, which the Italians call Roc- 
 cella, wherewith Silk-Dyers do now make very rich Purples 
 00 Fab.Co- of all varieties, with lefs labour and charge. (a) 
 pura. Fur ~ That little Shell called Blatta Byzymtia , is the Operculum 
 or Lid ot the Purple. 
 
 The SQUARE-WILK. Buccina Rhomboidea, i. e. It hath 
 in a fort lour equal fides, with unequal Angles. I find 
 it not defcrib’d. The Mouth almoft Oval, both the 
 Corners a little gutter’d. The right Lip is firft turned out¬ 
 ward, and then doubled or returned back again inward 5 
 and the edge a little toothed. Juft oppofite to this Lip, 
 is laid upon the fhell a kind of liji, and doubled down in 
 the fame manner. Upon every Round of the Turban alfo 
 are certain edged pieces in two oppofite Rows. By thefe 
 and the lift above faid the fhell is made fquare. Both the 
 main Body and the 7 urban are wrought over with 
 knobs great and fmall Handing in oblique and fpiral 
 Orders. 
 
 All WILKS that have the Rounds of the Turban thus 
 edged, are betwixt a Purple and a common IP ilk. 
 
 The LONG SQUARE WILK. Neither do I find this 
 defcribed or figur’d. Both the doubling of the right Lip, 
 and the oppofite Lift , are lefs clofe, than in the former. 
 Neither hath it any of the larger knobs. 
 
 The LONG THICK-LIP’D WILK. The right Lip 
 of this is fwoln or Hands thick outwardly 5 and on the 
 Rounds of the Turban are many edged pieces. 
 
 The lame fort of WILK, with few edged pieces on the 
 Turban. 
 
 The THIN-LIP’D WILK. The fore Corner of this 
 ends in a gutter’d-Horn. Columna defcribes and pictures 
 (i) Lib. de it with the Name of Bucciunm Roftratum. '(b) 
 
 Tm-a 1 ' & The GREAT THIN-LIP’D WILK. Strombm magnm. 
 This fort hath edged pieces on the Rounds of the Turban. 
 The biggeltof turbinated-lhells: this here is almoft ; a yard 
 long, and above i a yard round about. 
 
 The TRIANGULAR WILK. No where defcrib’d that 
 I find. 'The Mouth almoft Oval. The fore Corner hereof 
 ends in a gutter d-Horn bended a little upward. The left 
 Lip only turned outward. The right is firft bended out¬ 
 ward, and then doubled or returned inward. From thence 
 
 at 
 
PartI. Of Shells. 
 
 131 
 
 at the diftance of's d of the circuit of the ihell, is laid a 
 a Lift, in lhape imitating the faid right Lip. At the fame 
 diftance, a pretty broad-pointed knob. By both thefe and 
 the right Lip the ihell is made Triangular. The knobs on 
 the right Lip and Lift, arc white, theother parts tawny, and 
 as it were wrinkled. The Turban, which hath fix rounds, 
 is alfo a little angular. 
 
 The COMMON WILK. This fort is ihort-fnouted, 
 or hath no horn. Of this fort are feveral here pre- 
 ferv’d. 
 
 It is affirm’d by Ariftotle , (a) That.you may know how W Hi ‘ i -' An - 
 many years a Wilk. is of, by the number of Rounds in the 1 ' 5 '" ‘ 5 * 
 Turban. Of the manner of laying their Eggs, fee Bello- 
 nius. They aredefired by fome, as a rare fort of Meat. 
 
 The belt are in clean Creeks. That which Mr. Lyfter de- 
 fcribes, (b) by the Name ot Buccinum maximum , is fiihed out U>) De 
 of the Sea at Scarbrough. Mar ’ 
 
 A Wilk., faith Nicolaus Myreffius , being burnt, pow¬ 
 dered, and mixed with old Oil to the confiftence of Glew, 
 and fo the Head, firft ihaved and rub’d, anointed there¬ 
 with, is an admirable Remedy againft Baldnefs and Morph 
 of long Handing. Tis ufual to give Drink to Children 
 that have the Chin-Cough , out of a WilkJheU 5 and it is 
 obferved, faith Wormitts, (c) to do them good. ( c ) Mufsum, 
 
 The WILK-SNAIL. Buccicochlea. Sol call it, 
 becaufe, in Figure, it approaches to the Wilk.-, to the Com¬ 
 mon Snail, in thethinnefs of its Ihell. Columna (d) defcribes 00 Lib. de 
 and figures this with the Title of Buccinum exoticum varie- Temfl. & 
 
 gatum. 
 
 The WILK-SNAIL winding, from the Mouth, towards 
 the right Hand; whereas almoft all other fhells wind the 
 contrary way. The Mouth is white as Milk., and almoft 
 Oval. The left Lip fpread and turned outward. The 
 Rounds are Convex,as in the Wilk, In number fix, fpeckled 
 with yellow Bay and blew fpots. The Ihell is as thin as 
 that ot common Land-Snails. Of kin to that Ihell defcribed 
 by Mr. Lyfter under Tit. 1. lib. de Cochl. Mar. 
 
 The BELLY’D-LONG WHIRLE. Turbo Veniricofus.' 
 This Ihell runs all into a Whirle or Turban. It is alfo belly’d, 
 i. e. fwells out a little betwixt the Mouth and the Cone. 
 And the left Lip is uneven with oblique Furrows, 
 
 S 2 
 
 The 
 
132 
 
 Of Shells. 
 
 (a) Lib. de 
 Aquat. & 
 Terrell. 
 
 (b) Lib. de 
 Cochi. 
 
 ( c) Lib. de 
 Cochl. Mar. 
 
 (d) Joh. de 
 Lact. 
 
 Part I. 
 
 The WHIRLE-SNAIL. Turbocochlea. The rounds of this 
 fort wind from the Mouth to the right Hand, and that very 
 obliquely, in number fix, fpeckled with Cbeftnut fpots in 
 Rows. The Mouth very long, and one Lip ridged. Tis 
 thin like a common Sriail-jhell. Columna (a) defcnbes and 
 figures one pretty like this by the Name of Turbo alter 
 minor. 
 
 The SMALL WHIRL-SNAIL, with numerous rounds, 
 and alfo winding from the Mouth toward the right Hand. 
 There are about fifty of them in a Bottle. They are of a 
 brown colour ; and thin as the (hell of the common Snail. 
 Their Mouth almoit round. The right Lip hath a little 
 Angle. It hath nine rounds with very frnall tranfvers 
 Striae. Columna defcribes and figures one like this with the 
 Title of Turbo Terreftris non defiriptus. Ml'. Lyjler (b) calls 
 it Buccinum pullum 5 and very aptly compares it, both as to 
 fbape and bignefs, to an Oat. He faith it is found in 
 England in the Cracks of old Trees , and in Garden-walls. 
 
 The BELLY’D-LONG WHIRLE, with fmall fpiral 
 Furrows. 
 
 Another BELLY’D-LONG WHIRLE, with little knobs 
 in fpiral Orders. 
 
 The LEVEL-WHIRLE, or the SPIRE. Turbo-planus five 
 verb Conicus. The rounds are all kno’bed, and the right Lip 
 gather’d into fmall wrinkles. 
 
 Another KNOBED SPIRE, with the right Lip plain or 
 even. Here are feveral little Ones of this fort. 
 
 The SMOOTH SPIRE, with high or fwelling rounds. 
 Here are two forts of thefe 5 one with oblique, the other 
 with fpiral fmall Furrows. This fhell is defcribed by 
 Mic.LyJier. (c) 
 
 The SMOOTH SPIRE, with flat rounds. Here are alfo 
 two forts of thefe 5 the one furrow’d,the other not,defcribed 
 and figur’d by Columna under the title of Buccinum Perficum 
 eburneum nitidum maculofum. Of all thefe here are feveral 
 fmall Ones. 
 
 The Natives of Brafile make a fort of Mufical I nllrti¬ 
 me nts with thefe kind of fhells. id) 
 
 The LOOSE WHIRLE. Penicillus. The one half of it 
 windeth loofely like a Worms 5 the other is a fmall long 
 Turban. 
 
 The 
 
Part I. Of Shells. 133 
 
 The SHORT WHIRLE. Trochus. This is fomewhat 
 more prolonged than home others of this kind, the Bafe 
 broader, and the Rounds in a level. Of this fort here are 
 two great Ones, curioufly Rained with Crimfon waves 
 from the Bafe (which is about four inches over) to the 
 Cone. It is of kin to that which by Columna is called Turbo 
 Ferficus maximus. 
 
 Another level SHORT WHIRLE,alfo fomewhat longer 
 than the reft, and with the Rounds in a level, but the Bafe 
 narrow. 
 
 A thin level SHORT WHIRLE, Ihorter than the 
 former, and with flat rounds. Here are two forts of this ^ 
 the one with fmooth, the other with ruged or knobed 
 rounds. 
 
 A fourth WHIRLE of the ftme kind, with high rounds. 
 
 Here are alfo two forts of this 5 the one fmooth, the other 
 ruged. 
 
 The BELLY’D SHORT WHIRLE with fpiked rounds, 
 
 Tis no where defcribed that I find. The Bafe two inches 
 broad, the Cone as high. The Mouth almoft round, and 
 within of a Pearl colour. The whole fhell without whitifh. 
 
 The Bafe all over wrought with round, and obliquely 
 radiated wrinkles. The rounds are knobed, and the under 
 edges of every round with flat doubled Spikes. Here are 
 two more of the fame fort, with the Spikes ground off. 
 
 Another BELLY’D SHORT WHIRLE, almoft fmooth, 
 having only very fmall wrinkles, without any Spikes. 
 
 The CONCAVE SHORT WHIRLE. Trochus centra 
 late concavo. Hitherto undefcnb’d. ’Tis two inches broad, 
 an inch an 1 high, being Belly’d, and having the Cone much 
 deprefled. As alfo the Mouth, which is therefore a flattifh 
 fquare. Both the Bafe and the Rounds are wrought with 
 fmall fpiral and radiated wrinkles running acrofs. It hath 
 five or fix rounds, fomewhat fwelling. Not, as in moft 
 other fhells, contiguous in the centre, but thence receding, 
 leave a wide fpace in the middle of the fhell, reprefenting 
 in fome fort a pair of Winding-Stairs. The ridges alfo of 
 the rounds are wrought with Tooth-Work. , anfwering to the 
 Sculpture on the edges of a Stair-Cafe. 
 
 There are feveral forts of fhort Whirles or Trochi , flies 
 Mr. Lyfer , (a) found in E.ngland , as at the Mouth of (a > Lib - tie 
 Umber, and in Lutcoln-jhire by the Sea-fide. The Cccn1 ' Mar ' 
 
154 Of Shells. Part I. 
 
 ^Tl^LITTLirROUGH WILK. Nerites Turbine 
 rugofo. 
 
 ‘ The LITTLE KNOBED WILK, Nerites Turbine tube- 
 rato. 
 
 The GREAT ROUND-MOUTH’D SNAIL, with a 
 Pearl colour. Cochlea cadata. Here are three of thefe • of 
 which two, are each above • a foot wide. Their pearly 
 gIofs,onthe outfideis artificial 5 within,natural.The natural 
 colour without is fometimes green, with white and bay 
 fpots. 
 
 One way whereby it receives a bright pearl colour, is 
 by being lteeped in Vinegar 5 which eats away the rough 
 and duller furface. 
 
 The GREAT NAVLE-SHELL. ’Umbilicus marinus 
 Indicus major. It is the lid of the Cochlea Codata 5 and hath 
 its Name from its fhape. Very well defcnbcd by Wormius. 
 
 The LITTLE NAVLE-SHELL, with wrinkled edges. 
 
 A SECOND, with the Convex fide more plainly wind¬ 
 ing like a Navle. 
 
 A THIRD, with the fame fide befprinklcd with a great 
 company of frnall round knobs. 
 
 The little Navle-SheU is well exprefs’d by OleariusJ'ab .3 3. 
 Fig. 7. Here are feveral of them kept in a Glafs. 
 
 Not only this, but other turbinated fhells have their lid. 
 Which, as Mr. Lyfter well obferves, is as it were another 
 Value. 
 
 Spirit of Nitre droped upon this Shell, rifeth up with a 
 ftrong efferrefcence. The admirable Virtue of this Shell is 
 (a) Mufsutn experienced, faith Wormius, (a) by men of very good note, 
 in ftainching of Blood 5 the flat fide hereof being only applied, 
 with Spittle , to the Forehead. 'Tis ufual to lay a cold Key 
 or Stone in the Neck. But if the fame, efpecially a good 
 big Pebble with one fide flat, like a Painters Mullet , were 
 apply’d to the Forehead, I fhould expect as good advantage 
 from that, as from the application of tins fhell. 
 
 Cem" ll &' lc W omen in France, faith Boetius, (b) nimio Menfum 
 
 Lapid. flume labor antes , commonly take this fhell reduced to a 
 fine powder, which they find to be a very good remedy, 
 and keep it as a Secret. 
 
 The LESSER ROUND-MOUTH’D SNAIL, with a 
 fhorter knobed Turban. 
 
 The 
 
Part I 
 
 Of Sbellii 
 
 The SPIKED or TOOTHED SNAIL~ Cochlea 
 Echijiophera five Echinis flic at is. Of an afh-colour. The 
 Mouth round. The turban ihort, having only three 
 rounds almolt Bat. The Bafe wrought with circular 
 wrinkles. The utmoft round, as it were toothed with Ihort 
 flat-doubled Spikes. 
 
 The FINGER’D SNAIL. Cochlea Daciylata. Not yet 
 defenbed. The Spikes of this are doubled and redoubled* 
 yet not flat, but thick and round, fo as to refemble fo many 
 little Fingers. Without, it is of a fad brown. Within, 
 of a Pearl colour. The Mouth round. The Turban low, 
 making only three rounds, which fo recede from the 
 centre, as to leave an empty fpace in the middle of the 
 lhell. ’Tis all over rough with fmall plated Spikes, and 
 pointed wrinkles in a fpiral Order. 
 
 The HIGH-CROWN’D SNAIL, with a femicircular 
 Mouth. 
 
 The LOW-CROWN D SNAIL, with a femicircular 
 Mouth. 
 
 The HALF-LIP D SNAIL. So I call it, becaufe one 
 half of the inner Lip being fpread outward, the other 
 half feems as if it were clip’d off. Of this here are two 
 forts 5 one with the upper, the other with the nether half 
 deficient. 
 
 Another SNAIL like the former, faving that the inner 
 Lip is whole, and the Turban fomewhat higher. 
 
 Another SNAIL with the Turban fomewhat lower. Of 
 this here are two forts 5 one with the rounds of the Turban 
 even or fmooth 5 the other, wrinkled. 
 
 The SEMICIRCULAR MOUTH, TOOTHED on both 
 fides. The Teeth of the outer Lip are the leffer 3 they 
 ftand not on the edge of the Lip, but deep in the Mouth, 
 juft over againft the inner Lip: where the white parts of 
 the lhell on both fides are defined or circumfcribed by a 
 Circle, whofe centre is at the edge of the inner Lip. Out¬ 
 wardly, the lhell is fpeckled with white, red, and black 
 Spots, and ruged with fpiral wrinkles. One like to this is 
 defcribed by Columna with the Name of Cochlea marina 
 mawiorea. 
 
 The BLOBBER-LIPD SNAIL. Cochlea Labrofa. The 
 Mouth of this is alfo Semicircular, the outer Lip being 
 
 round 
 
 J 35 
 
136 Of Shelly. Part I. 
 
 round and fpread out a little; the inner ftrait, like white 
 Marble, its inner edge toothed, and fpread outward almoft 
 as far as the Navle of the fhell; from whence I have 
 nam’d it. The Turban is low and almoft flat. It maketh 
 fcarce more than two rounds,which therefore immediately 
 run from great to {mall. On the outftde ’tis ruged with 
 tranfverfe wrinkles, and fpeckled with red and black fpots 
 upon white. 
 
 The toothed Lips of both thefe laft Shells, moft pro¬ 
 bably, ferve as Joynts to hold their lids, fo much the more 
 clofe and fteady. 
 
 The FORE-WHIRED SNAIL. Cochlea Turbine antico. 
 This is no where defenbed. Tis fmooth, oi an afh-colour. 
 The outer Lip is fpread a little backward; and toothed with¬ 
 in : as is alfo the edge of the inner Lip. Both the corners of 
 the Mouth are placed on the circumference of the utmoft 
 round. Whereby,contrary to all other fhells I ever yet faw, 
 it hath the Turban or Wbirle made before. ’Tis much de- 
 preffed, confiding of five flat rounds. The aflertion of 
 (a) Hill. Ariftotle, (a) That the Turban always Hands behind, is here 
 c 4 proved ralle. 
 
 The FLAT-WHIRLE. This Snail is a perfect Helix, all 
 the ihell lying as it were between two levels. Of this kind 
 Cochids'k Mr. Lyfter (b) deferibeth three forts. Of which he ob- 
 Tit. 2 6. ferves, That upon the fprinkhng a little Salt or Pepper, 
 or the like, into their Mouths, they yield a Crimfon 
 liquor. 
 
 (O.ibid.p.i, Tlic fame Author (c) hath obferved fome particulars of 
 the parts of Snails ; as their Horns, Eyes, (as he fuppofeth 
 them) Teeth, Anus, Lungs, milkly Veins (which are all they 
 have) parts of Generation, &c. Which laft, faith he, are fo 
 like, as to make it feem very probable. That they are Her¬ 
 maphrodites. In the time of Coition, they ftrike a fort of 
 fmall teftaceous Needles ( Spicula t eft ace a) into one an 
 others Necks. For what caufe, or in what manner, he could 
 not fo well obferve. 
 
 No Shell with a Turban, hath lefs than two rounds, nor 
 id) ibid, liat.li any,faith the fame Author, (d) of Englijh Shells,above 
 
 tcn - « 
 
 The flick SAILER. Nautilus lavis. This fort is brown 
 
 on the Backhand black on the Belly. Curioufly figur’d both 
 
 in 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Shells. 
 
 *37 
 
 in Calceolarias Mufaum, and by Bejler. Here are two of 
 them, whereof one is near J of a yard long. 
 
 One half of the fame fort of fhcll cut down the middle, 
 
 By which it appears to be divided by about 40 oblique 
 tranfverfe Partitions. 
 
 The Animal is of kin to the Polypus. Famous for the 
 Art of Navigation. Herifes to the top of the Water with 
 his Shell inverted5 and being there, returns it. Then 
 having a thin Membrance fpread againfl the Wind for a 
 Sail, two Feet for the Rudder, and two for the Helm, he fails 
 along. If any fear anfes, he pulls all in, and filling his fhell 
 with Water, immediately finks himfelf to the bottom of 
 the Sea. (a) am. 
 
 The PEARLY SAILER, ’Tis both within and without 
 of the colour of the belt Oriental Pearl. This fort IS Seal. cxcrcit. 
 brought from India and the Perfian-GuM Hereof Neck: 
 laces are fometimes made. As alfo Images and Beads ufed nus. Bello- 
 at Devotions. nius. And 
 
 The SPIKED SAILER. The Back and Belly of this Septaiius’3 
 arc flat with two ridges, and on each ridge grows a row ofMufsum. 
 lhort Spikes. 
 
 The MAILED SAILER. Nauticlus Laminatus. I meet 
 with it no where. Both within, and efpecially without, 
 of the colour of the richeft Pearl. It is compofed of a con- 
 fiderable number of Plates, as if in Armor. Yet the Plates 
 continuous; furrow d along the middle,and produced with 
 a blunt Angle, almoft like a Widows-Peak. From under 
 each of which, emergeth a kind of little Tongue, like that 
 of a Shoo-Buckje. 
 
 V ENUS-SHELL. Concha Veneris. Becaufe beautiful. 
 
 Or elfe, faith Terzagi, quod partem Veneris Imperio fubdi- 
 tam refer at. The firft I fhall name is that with Blobbed-lips, 
 or having as it were a white thick Facing. They are alfo 
 
 furrow d, and Rained with Cheftriut Spots. But the Back 
 with a Purple. 
 
 VENUS SHELL, with the right Lip furrow’d,but neither 
 of them faced or turned out. 
 
 A SECOND of this kind with the left Lip furrow’d. 
 
 A THIRD, with both Lips furrow’d. 
 
 The HIGH-BACK’D VENUS-SHELL. Of this kind, 
 here are three of a Cheflnut or Bay- colour 5 one Rained 
 
 T with 
 
ig8 
 
 Of Shells. 
 
 Part I, 
 
 with Green , another with Brown , a third with winte 
 fpots. And a fourth, white, fpeckled withyellow, red, and 
 
 purple. 
 
 The NAYLED VENUS-SHELL. ’Tis alfo fomewhat 
 high-back’d, and with each Lip furrow’d. On the thicker 
 end, it hath fome refemblance of a little Turban or 
 Navle. 
 
 The LONG-VENUS-SHELL. Of this fort here is one 
 ftained with white fpots upon a Bay ground. The reft of 
 the fame Figure, are fomewhat rough, having, as ’tis 
 likely, been fteeped in Vinegar , or fome other ways cor¬ 
 roded. 
 
 The BUNCH-BACK’D VENUS-SHELL. Defcribed and 
 figur’d by Columna under the Name ot Concha utroq 3 latere 
 fe colligens. It hath a tranfvers Angle or Ridge in the mid¬ 
 dle. Where alfo,there is a diftinet piece, molt clofely inlaid 
 into the Back of the Shell. The Lips alfo are both even. 
 
 The VENUS-SHEL with fmooth or even Lips, and 
 without any ridge on the Back. The little white Ones of 
 this kind,are thofe which are particularly called ENT ALIA. 
 With thefe, faith Rondeletiics , the French adorn their Horfes 
 Bridles, and other parts of Equipage. Ot thefe and Jet 
 nnxi^i together, they alfo make Bracelets , and other 
 Orhaments, for Widows in Half-Mourning. Many or this 
 fort, ftriated, are found, faith Mr. Lyfter , near Hurtle-pool in 
 the County of Durham , where the People call them Nuns. 
 
 Divers other letfer YENUS-SHELLS of feveral kinds, 
 and ftained with feveral colours, arc here collected. 
 
 The Italians ufe this Shell for the polilhing of Paper, 
 
 (a) Wormi- and other things, (a) The people living near the Red-Sea 
 ll5 ‘ gather them in abundance, and fell them to thofe that 
 
 trade to Memphis 3 for with thefe the Egyptians fmooth 
 
 (b) Bc-iionius their Linnen Cloth, [b) Goldfmiths cut them in two, and 
 
 make Spoons of them. They are commended againft 
 thofe Ulcers in the great Corner of the Eye, which ufually 
 turn to Fiftula’s , becaufe of their admirable drying qua- 
 
 ( c ) Ronde- Hty without heat, (c) Yet we have no reafon but to believe, 
 leiius. that moil other fhells maybe of equal Virtue. But if we 
 
 obferve, it is ufual for people to have a high efteem ot 
 thofe things, even as to their Medicinal Virtue, that look 
 prettily, or that are rarely to be had. Whereas, it is 
 
 plain. 
 
Part I. 
 
 1 39 
 
 Of Shelly. 
 
 plain, that Nature generally fupplyeth us with the greateft 
 plenty of thofe things, which are the mod ufeful. 
 
 The round SEA-URCHIN or BUTTON-FISH. Echi¬ 
 nus orbicularis. Here are feveral Species hereof. The firft 
 I ihall name is the Edible Button-Fijh. Thefc liave very 
 great Prickles, with Seats or Bafts proportionable, m hve 
 double Orders. And the ihells are orbicular. See the full 
 Defcription in Rondeletim. 
 
 They were anciently eaten raw before Supper, as 0 Sites 
 are now, and as much efteemed. 
 
 The ROUND BUTTON-FISH, with ten Orders of 
 midhng Prickles. Of thefe Prickles it hath five Orders 
 of bigger, and five of lefs, all Conical at each end, and 
 bounded by ten more. Of this kind, here are feme 
 more, others lefs round. Some alfo that are White, and 
 others Redijh. 
 
 The ROUND BUTTON-FISH, with the lead; fort of 
 Prickles, and difpofcd into ten Orders. Of this fort here are 
 White, Brown, and Green. Thefe, Mr. Lyfter faith, arc found 
 in the Englijh-Seas. 
 
 The GREAT OVAL SEA-URCHIN. Echinometra 
 Arijtotehs. See the Defcription hereof in Calceolarias 
 Mufaum: The greateft, and fo as it were the Mother of 
 all the other kinds 5 from whence its Name. This here is 
 near I a foot long. Its Figure is not orbicular, but comes 
 near an oval or ftatilh Heart. 
 
 ' The MARE-MAIDS-HEAD , or lefoer Oval SEA- 
 URCHIN. Echinus Spat ague. This differs from the for¬ 
 mer , only or principally in being much lefs 5 feldom 
 exceeding the bignefs of a Hens Egg. Thefe are Ihells 
 rarely found. 
 
 The Sea-Vrchin maketh its progreftive motion witli its 
 I nckleswh.chitufcthinfteadof Feet, (a) And it is affirm¬ 
 ed, by Moufet, particularly of the Great Oval, that it moveth 
 in a Ipiral line. 
 
 The SEA-EAR. Amis marina. It hath its Name from 
 its Figure, fomewhat like a Mans ear. The mfide is of a 
 Pearl-colour, the outfide brown and ruged with many 
 Imali radiated and Ipiral wrinkles running acrofs. There 
 are feveral Holes on one fide it, through which the Ani¬ 
 mal admits and expels the water at pleafure. Here are three 
 
 (a) Arill. H. 
 Anim.lib, 4. 
 c. 5. 
 
 T 2 
 
 of 
 
140 
 
 Part I. 
 
 ___ « 
 
 Of Shelly. 
 
 of them,'whereof two, are each about five inches long. This 
 
 (a) LyfUib. fhell is found in abundance near Garnfey IflanJ(a) The Gold- 
 de Cochi. fmiths in France (b) fplit them into thin Plates, wherewith 
 
 (b) Bdiomus p, eautl ^ e Cabinets, and other Works. 
 
 The VAULTED-LIMPET. Patella concamerata. No 
 where defcribed, that I know off. It feems to be of the 
 Limpet- kind, or to Hand betwix this and the Sea-Ear. It is 
 in a manner a half Oval fplit by the length, which is an 
 inch and half. It hath a Navle, as the Sea-Liar, w inding 
 to one fide. The Back is rough, and of a whitifh afh-colour. 
 Within, very fmooth and of a pale purpleifh white. The 
 hinder half is vaulted with a moll white Plate, joyned to 
 the licles ? of an inch below the edges. 
 
 The EVEN OVAL LIMPET. See the figure hereof in 
 JobnJlon. That part which may be called the Navle, 
 Hands a little above the convexity of the fhell. The Seat 
 of the Animal is fhapcdfo, asm fomefort to referable the 
 Stag-Beetle. The edges thereof curioufly angul’d, parti- 
 colour’d white and bay. The edge of the fhell 1$ perfectly 
 Oval, and the inner Margin of a pale blew. Here are two 
 fair Ones of this fort, about three inches long. 
 
 The PEARLY OVAL LIMPET. The infide hereof is 
 of a curious pearl colour, with fomc rays of purple. It 
 hath a greater convexity than the former, and is waved all 
 round about. 
 
 The OVAL LIMPET, with very deep furrows round 
 about. Whereby the edges alfo are very angular. The Seat 
 
 (c) Lib.de of the Animal white. Columna (c) feems to have de- 
 Tar^c. 50. bribed this by the Name of Legos five Patella maxima 
 
 firiata. 
 
 The LEVEL-LIMPET. Patella Plano-convexa. The Hides 
 of this lie level betwixt the edges and the top. ’Tis alfo 
 furrowed, but not deeply. Yet the edges are more angu¬ 
 lar than of the former. The Seat of the Animal is white, 
 furrounded with a kind of double Glory. The outer Mar¬ 
 gins are of a blackifh fhining Bay. There are feveral fmall 
 ones of this fort, having the inner fide ftreaked with black 
 and yellow. 
 
 The CONICK-LIMPET, with the top high, and the 
 fidesand edges level round about. 
 
 The CONICK-LIMPET, with part of the edge raifed 
 
 toward 
 
ART 
 
 I. 
 
 Of Shells. 
 
 141 
 
 toward the top or Navle of the lhell. This fort I meet with 
 no where. Without of an afh-colour, rough with wrinkles 
 in rays, and waved Circles. Within fmooth, the Margin 
 white, about ? of an inch broad; the Seat of the Animal 
 yellow fpreadout both ways. 
 
 The Animal it felf is headed and horned like a Snail. 
 
 See Bellonim s Defcription. Our Fijhermen ufe the ordinary 
 kinds to bait with, who find them every where in our Seas 
 on the Rocks near the Jhore. ( a ) If they feel themfelves 
 touched, they flick fo very fail to the Rock, that they can Cochi. 
 hardly be loofened thence without a Knife, (b) VVormi " 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Of SHELLS Double and Multiple. 
 
 TVJOte, That when I fpeak of the Bafe , I mean, that: 
 
 part on which the Teeth, Joynts or Hinges Hand. 
 When of the Navle , the peeked end of the fhell, which 
 for the moil part Hands behind the Bafe as alfo that part 
 which anfwers to it, where it doth not. When of the fides, 
 not the Concave and Convex, but the edges produced from 
 the Navle on the right and left. 
 
 The SEA-WING. Finna. Each Valve is very like in fhape 
 to the Wing of a large Fowl, from whence I name it. 
 Where broadefl, near I of a yard over. In length two 
 feet: being the largeft and longefl of all the fhells that I 
 know. The two Valves are naturally ty’d together with a 
 fort of Tow ; whereby they are alfo faftened to forne Stone 
 or other Body under Water. The Animal is very good 
 meat. 
 
 The SEA-OYSTER j in diflindtion from the common, 
 which may be called the Shore-Oyfier. Oftrea Pelagia. Here 
 are feveral of this fort, all of them but frnall. Rondeletius 
 faith, that in India they are fometimes a foot long. 
 
 The CHESTNETE-QYSTER. I meet with it no where 
 deferibed or figur’d. It is near two inches and I long, of an 
 Oval Figure, and fomewhat writhen. The outfide is of a 
 dark-brown, very uneven with large Oval Furrows. The 
 
 infide 
 
142 
 
 Part I. 
 
 (a) P. po. 
 
 (i) 'Arid. H. 
 A. lib. 4. c.4. 
 
 (e) Seal, ex- 
 erc.21?. S.i. 
 
 Of Shells. 
 
 infide of a dark-Bay 5 from whence I name it. Held up 
 againft the light, it looks like a deep Tincture of Safforn or 
 Myrrh. The Seat of the Animal is rough with fmall 
 fnzled or undulated Wrinkles, furrounded with a fmooth 
 Margin, on one fide above ; an inch broad, after an odd 
 fafhion turn’d or fpread outward, Convex inward, and 
 entirely encompaffing the Navle of the fhell. Here are 
 tliree or four fmaller Ones of the fame Species. 
 
 A SHELL with the Bafe a little cover’d .OJlrea Bafi Cooper- 
 ta. I find it not deferibed. It’s fomewhat doubtful whether a 
 Limpet or an Oyfterjhell. I think the latter. The Navle Hands 
 obliquely. But the fides make equal or fimilar lines from the 
 Bafe. Somewhat above an inch in length, very Convex,the 
 Margin oval. The Bafe is as it were (haded with a tranfverfe 
 Plate U h of an inch broad. The infide, blew ; theoutfide 
 fpeckled below with tawny and black fpots, above with 
 white and purple, with very fmall lines running acrofs or 
 Net-wife. 
 
 The PLAIN ROUND ESCALLOP. Petten Valvis 
 rotundis Is? aqualibus. 
 
 The ROUND PURROW’D ESCALLOP, with fmooth 
 
 Shells or Valves. 
 
 Another of the fame fort, with rough (hells. 
 
 The LONG ESCALLOP. Thefe and the other kinds 
 feldom exceed the bignefs of the palm of the Hand. But 
 Linfcholen (, a ) faith, That by Malacca are (hells found like 
 Scallops , fo big, that two Prong men can hardly draw one 
 of them, with a leaver, after them. Scallops will move fo 
 ftrongly, as oftentimes to leap out of the Catcher wherein 
 they are taken, (b) Their way of leaping or railing up 
 themfelves, is, by forcing their under Valve againft the 
 Body whereon they lie. (c) They are taken amongft other 
 places, near Portland ', and at Purbec and S el fey, where they 
 are excellent good. Rondeletius prefers them, for Meat, 
 before Oyfiers. 
 
 COKLE. V echoic ulus. Here are of thefe, both White, 
 Red, and fpeckled with various Colours. 
 
 The CORALLINE SCALLOP. Concha CoraUina. I 
 call it a Scallop , becaufe it feems to be but another fort 
 without ears. This is only wayed. See Rondeletius s De- 
 fcripnon. He faith ’tis rarely found, and feldom, except 
 
 111 
 
Part!. Of Shells. 
 
 *43 
 
 in the Dog-days, after long Southern Winds, call on the 
 lhore. 
 
 The CORALLINE-SCALLOP both waved and wrink¬ 
 led; the Wrinkles and Waves Handing not acrofs, but the 
 fame way. 
 
 The long GAPING COCKLE. Chama. Tis tinner 
 and more cafily broken than mod other Tells. The Valves 
 are feldorn or never clofe (hut. The Tides are produced 
 from the Bafe by fimilar lines, as in the Cockle, and the 
 figure of the fhcll oblong: front whence I have taken leave 
 for its Name. Whether the Anatomy of the Animal would 
 fuggeft a better, I know not. This here is about an inch 
 and I long ; and of an afh-colour. 
 
 Of this, and probably all the other Species, it is omitted 
 by thofe that deferibe them, that from each of the two 
 Joynts at the Bafe, is produced a kind of bon 1 ? Epiphyfis, 
 about * of an inch long, thin, (harp and flexible: where¬ 
 upon fome of the mufcular parts of the Animal feem to 
 be fattened, for the reftraining the opening of the fhcll from 
 any inconvenient degree. 
 
 The BLACK GAPING COCKLE. This is fomewhat 
 letter than the former, and of a rounder Figure, radiated, 
 and the edges wav'd. As thin as the former, and hath the 
 like Epiphyfes. 
 
 This fort, when the South-Wind blows, rife up to 
 the top of the Water, and fetting their two fhells wide 
 open; with the one under them, as a Boat; and the other, 
 on one fide as a Sail, they fcoure along. ( a ) M Beilon. 
 
 The Broath of tins SheU-FiJh is affirmed by Diofcorides 
 to be both Laxative and Diureticf. They have a kind of 
 biting taft, like Pepper ; and are therefore called, by the 
 French, Des Flammes : and the Italians, for the fame rea- 
 fon, call them, Peverazas. (b) (^)EellomuS 
 
 1 he SHEATH-FISH; commonly fo called from its 
 fimihtude to the fheath of a Knife. Solen. Unguis. As the 
 Sea-Wing is the longeft, fo this is the moft expanded of 
 all Shells; though ufually call’d A long Shell, but impro¬ 
 perly. For it may be noted, that the length of a ihell 
 is properly from the Navle to the edge directly oppofite ; 
 the breadth, between the two fides thence produced, which 
 in this Shell are the two ends: as if you fhould crufh 
 
 the 
 
i 4 4 
 
 Part L 
 
 (a) Lyfter. 
 de Conch. 
 
 (. b) Pliny. 
 
 Of Shells. 
 
 the two ends of a mouldable fubdance of an Oval figure, 
 till you made the two fides become the two ends. Some 
 of thefe are ; loot wide, or more. 
 
 This Shell is found on the Ihore near Scarbrough after 
 long Winter- Storms, (a) The Animal Ihines much in the 
 dark, cfpecialfy when the (hell is full of liquor, the drops 
 whereof glider where ever they fall; by virtue of which, 
 it is moft probable, that the Flefh it felf becomes 
 fhining. ( b ) 
 
 The ROUND-OYSTER, with fimilar fides produced 
 from an oblique Navle. The Convex is very white, 
 and finely wrought with circular , and radiated lines 
 cicrofs. 
 
 The MULT ARTICULATE OYSTER with a bended 
 Bafe. The Convex is fmooth, and darned with Chefinut 
 upon white. Its Bafe is in a manner femilunar, produced 
 a little forward from the Navle. Upon this Bafe are 
 fourteen, fixteen, fometimes twenty fmall Joynts, Handing 
 obliquely, and alfo in a bended line anfwerable to the Bafe. 
 To the two ends whereof, the Seat of the Animal is con¬ 
 tiguous. The fore-edge and Margin are furrowed and 
 toothed within. Here are four of this fort. 
 
 The BROAD-OYSTER, with fimilar fides. 
 
 The FISTULAR OYSTER. Concha Valvis Fijlulofis. 
 Defcnbed by Cohmtta with the name of Concha exotica mar- 
 gine in Mucronem eniiffa ; who hath alfo figur’d it well. 
 It hath not only feveral Furrows or Gutters reaching 
 from the Navle to the edges round about, but the Fur¬ 
 rows are alfo cover’d over, and fo properly fidular; 
 whence I have nam’d the Shell. The circumference or 
 edg is alfo prolonged into feveral Peaks, which have fome 
 kind of likenefs to Sword-points. But Columnar name is 
 fomewhat obfurdly given, unlefs indead of divers,there had 
 been one only. 
 
 The MULT ARTICULATE OYSTER, with a drait 
 Bafe. Defcribed and figur’d by Colunma with the name 
 of Concha'm\v\i^f\- l \\vii,%‘. Here are two of this fort. The 
 chief marks hereof are, that it hath a great number 
 (twenty or more) offender Joynts, about ? of an inch 
 long, placed parallel, upon a drait Bafe. 
 
 The ASSE-FOOT OYSTER. Oftrea GaderopoJa, So 
 
 called 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Sballs. 
 
 H5 
 
 called from its Figure. Defcribed by Bellonius. Its chief 
 Characters are, that it hath very great Joynts, like the eye¬ 
 teeth of a Man, and upon a ftrait Bafe. It grows not loofe, 
 as other Oyflers , but fixed to the Rocks under Water: and 
 therefore in thofe Seas only, which ebb and flow not, (a) as ooBdiohius 
 the Mgean, the Hellefpont, isc. 
 
 The CORALLINE-OYSTER. Spondylue Exbhiatus is 
 Corallinm. I meet with it no where. Tis of an unufuai 
 Figure. The Bafe hereof is ftrait, and an inch and I over. 
 
 In each end hereof is a roundifh cavity, doubtlefs for the 
 reception of anfwerable Joynts. An inch and I or more 
 beyond this, the Navle , which is a little bended upward, 
 
 Irnooth within fide, and fcaly without. The inner part 
 of the ilicll is exceeding white, frnooth, hard, and thick. 
 
 The outward Cruft thiner, yet alfo very hard, wrinkled, 
 fpiked, and of the colour of red Coral. Part of it is bro¬ 
 ken off. 
 
 MOTHER of PEARL.' Concha Mar gar it if era. See 
 a true, and good Figure hereof in Calceolarias Mufxum. It 
 is naturally within of the fame colour with that of a Pearl. 
 
 It is fometimes feen with a pearly Knob growing within it, 
 as in this here, near the centre. But the Pearls themfelves 
 grow within the Animal: within the Flefh (as Athenaus 
 (/>) affirms) as that fort of Kernel in a Hog, called Grando. (t) Quoted 
 Although more probably in the Stomach, as Bazodr , and hy RondeIe ' 
 the like, in other Animals, (c) As Eggs in the Belly of a JphiioC 
 Pullet , faith Tavernier, (d) The Shell is faid to be found Tranf - N - 
 near the Ifland Borneo fometimes fo big, as to weigh forty (d) indian- 
 
 feven pounds, (e) Voyage. 
 
 Take Mother of Pearl , the fmall White Venue-Shell ofoizok!' 
 each equal parts. Pour upon them, being firft powdered, 
 the juyee of Lemons , and let them ftand together (a day 
 or two) then filtre the liquor, and keep it, as the beft wafh 
 for the Face in the World, ( f j (f) Pravot. 
 
 MOTHER OF PEARL, with the backfide cover’d all St¬ 
 over with thofe little Shells called DENT ALIA, as having lilibus. 
 fome little likenefs to Teeth: that is to fay, White, Smooth, 
 
 Conick, and bended Tubes, which grow to this and other 
 Shells. See Gefner of Entali is Dentali , p. yyo. The infide 
 of the Sea-Ear, of fome forts of Limpets, and of divers other 
 Shells,are commonly fold in Shops for true Mother of Pearl. 
 
 U ORE 
 
i ^6 Of Shells. Part I, 
 
 ORIENTAL PEARL, round, and with a good 
 Water. 
 
 PEARLS of the bignefs of a large Peas , and perfectly 
 round, but without a Water. 
 
 ROUND PEARLS, of divers Colours, fc. White, Allien, 
 Brown, Red, and Bay. 
 
 PEARLS of divers Figures, fc. Oval, Cylindrical, Flat, 
 Conick, Twins, and three and four together. 
 
 WELSH-PEALR. Given by the Honourable Mr. Boyle. 
 They are moll of them flatifh, and of a fhining blackilh 
 colour. 
 
 Heretofore, the moll rich fifhing for Pearls , was at the 
 (a) Gefner. Ifland Margarita. Whence their Name, (a) At this time 
 the chief Filhings in the Eaft-Indies are three, the Perfian- 
 Gulpl on theCoaff of Arabia the Happy, and in the Ifland 
 Ceylan. In the Weft-Indies , five 5 along the Iflands Cubagna, 
 and MangueritaystCamogete,Riodela Hacha,znd St. Marthas. 
 They fifh in twelve-fathome Water,five or fix leagues oft at 
 <b) Tavern. Sea, Spring and Fall, (b) 
 
 indian-Fiy- Q| Pearls we have thefe following Preparations, and 
 probably the firft, of all, the belt, if perfectly ground. 
 
 Pulvis , Efentia, Flores, 
 
 Sal, 1 inclura, Magifterium : 
 
 Liquor, Arcanum , 
 
 The PEARLY OYSTER. Concha Codata. Tis Raped 
 much like the Mother of Pearl, but is fomewhat oblong. It 
 hath alfo a pearly-colour within-fide 5 but of a more leaden- 
 water. 
 
 The SQUARE-MUSCLE. Concha Rhomboidea, f. M uft- 
 culus ftriatus Rondeletio. That part where the Valves joyn, 
 i. e. the Bafe, is long, not rounded, but ftrait, and ftandeth 
 erect or perpendicular, by which it may be diftinguilhed 
 from other Shells. It lies in the deeper parts of the Sea, and 
 is rarely found. 
 
 The RUGGED-OYSTER. Not deferibed, that I know. 
 The Joynts hereof verylhallow. ThcNavle very oblique. 
 The Sides thence produced, diftimilar. The Back cut with 
 round Furrows, and the Furrows edged, and befet with a 
 
 number 
 
 -Commune 
 
 )Butyraceum 
 
 )Plumaceum 
 
 -Riz/erij. 
 
Part I 
 
 *47 
 
 Of Shells. 
 
 number o f little fhort prickles. It is of a dull afh-colour, 
 roundifh, and fomewhat bigger than a Half-Crown. 
 
 The SAND-MUSCLE. Tellina. They live much in the 
 Sand 5 for which reafon, unlefs they are fhaked long in 
 water, before they are boyl’d, they are very gritty, (a) At (a) Ronde- 
 Rome, they are efteemed a pleafant Junket, (b) Here are le , tius - 
 feveral (hells of this fort. ' Wormi ‘ 
 
 The TOOTHED-MUSCLE. It is of a round, (h Figure, 
 and the edges, efpecially before , toothed almoll like a 
 Saw. 
 
 The GREAT WAVED-MUSCLE. Well defcnbed and 
 figur’d by Columna with the Name of Concha Maxima 
 viarmorea exotica imbricata. It is alfo called Concha Tri- 
 dachna: becaufe it contains as much meat, as a Man can 
 fwallowat thrice. A certain number put for an uncertain: 
 for forne of them hold meat enough almoft to fill a mans 
 belly, being a foot in length, or rather in expanfion or 
 breadth 5 this here $ of a foot. The Back is waved with 
 broad and deep Furrows,and the edges indented anfwerably. rA • . 
 It is (c) commonly found in the Red-Sea. 
 
 The LONGISH-MUSCLE, with rough Wrinkles or 
 Rays. 
 
 ANOTHER with fmooth Rays, i. e. Concha Rondelet. 
 
 Striata 3. 
 
 The ROUNDISH radiated Mufcle. 
 
 The PLAIN LONGISH MLISCLE. This hath no Rays 
 on the Back. 
 
 The PLAIN BROAD MUSCLE. Of thefe here are 
 two forts, the one lefs, the other more expanded. This lat¬ 
 ter is by Rondeletim called Concha longa 5 miftaking what 
 is properly the breadth, for the length of the fhell. Of this 
 (d) Shell, is commonly made a fort of Lime. (d) Ronde- 
 
 The BROAD-MUSCLE, with deep Joynts. letms ' 
 
 The TOOTHED BROAD-MUSCLE. Defcribed and 
 figur’d by Mr. Lyfter, (e) with the Name of Tellina intus CO Lib. de 
 ex Viola furfur afcens , istc. ’Tis a little fhell not much above 
 an inch broad, the edge indented round about with curi¬ 
 ous fmall Teeth 5 and having within-fide a faint purple 
 blulh. 
 
 ANOTHER little broad Mufcle , without Teeth, or even- 
 edged. 
 
 U 2 
 
 A 
 
148 
 
 Part I. 
 
 Of Shells. 
 
 A BLOBLIP’D-SHELL, which feemeth to be a kind of 
 Mufcle. I find it no where. Here are feveral fingle (hells 
 of this fort, but not one pair : which makes me fomewhat 
 doubtful what to make of them. Moil; of them have 
 about an inch of expanfion. The Concave in the infide, 
 is triangular, with fmall ftrait tranfvers Wrinkles, one 
 Angle obtufe, two acute. From the two longer fides of 
 the triangle, the Margin is fpread out, and on one fide as it 
 were doubled backward. It hath alfo one, fometimes two 
 Joynts, very deep, and for fo fmall a fhell, remarkably 
 ftrong. 
 
 The Natives of Brafile ufc Mufcle-Jhells for Spoons and 
 (a) Barlaais, Knives, la) The ajhes of Mufcle-Jhells, faith Wormius , are of 
 geife in a Caujlickznature. As it it were peculiar to this fhell. Whereas 
 
 Brafilia. the fhclls of all forts of Shell-Fijh , being burnt, obtain the 
 like. Moil of them, being fo order’d, and powder’d, make 
 excellent good Dentifrices. 
 
 Hitherto go the Double Shells, or with two Valves. 
 There remain fome which are made up of feveral fhelly 
 pieces conjoyn’d to make one Concave-ihell; as 
 
 The Conick CENTRE-SHELL. Balanus major. De- 
 fcribed by Rondeletius , and others. It is in ihape fomewhat 
 like a Tulip,the feveral fhelly Plates which compofe it, being 
 pointed at the top, and handing together, as fo many 
 leaves. They always grow fixed to fome other Body. 
 When boy I’d, they are a delicate fort of Meat. 
 
 The SPUNG-CENTRE-SHELL. Balanus Spongiarum. So 
 I name it. Commonly, but fomewhat abfurdly,called Lapis 
 Spongiae. For being well obferved, they appear to be little 
 Centre-Shells , which probably never grow very big 5 and 
 wherein the leaves feem to be a little more feparate, than in 
 the former Species. They look juft like fmail petrifi’d Buds 
 of Trees. 
 
 A fmall Centre-Shell , growing upon a Branch of Coral. 
 
 The FLAT CENTRE-SHELL. Balanus comprejfa. Com¬ 
 monly called the BARNACLE-SHELL, ; and CONCHA 
 eh, Hccror ANATIFERA. Becaufe fuppofed to be the Egg of the 
 Boethius Barnacle. And by fome (b) it is confidently deliver’d,that in 
 Ge&er %nd t ^ iC Orcades there are certain Worms grow in Hollow-Trees, 
 our Country- which by degrees obtain the Head, Feet, Wings and all the 
 mm iv.Tur- f eat i iers G f a Water-Fowl , which grows to the bignefs of a 
 
 Goofe. 
 
i 4 9 
 
 PartI. Of Shells. 
 
 Goofe. Scaliger alfo dcfcribcs this (fuppofed) Bird within 
 this (hell, (a) And with refpect to fo worthy a Perfon as ( a ) Exerdr, 
 Sir Robert Moray ( who never meant to deceive) I my felf 5?- toward 
 was once induced to publifh his Defcnption of the fame. ( b ) ’i/phiiof. 
 But having examined the Shell it felf, I am of Opinion, A r - 
 That all that is faid of a Bird, is fabulous. Bartboline (c) M Hiftor. 
 would have it to belong to a kind of CanceUns. But I rather Cent ’ 6 ‘ 
 agree with Columnar that it is a fort of Cetitre-Shell ; as being 
 fixed in like manner upon it’s Bafe, and compofed of feveral 
 fhelly parts. 
 
 Of thefe Shells two Species are here preferved. One of 
 them confifhng only of five fhelly pieces. Two greater, 
 almoll like little Mufcle-jheUs. To thefe are joyned, edge to 
 edge, and oppofitely, a much leffer pair, fc. in fuch manner, 
 as their Bafe Bands over the Cone, and their Points defeend 
 half way towards the Bafe, of the greater pair. Both thefe 
 pairs arc on one fide hem’d in with a fifth piece, narrow, 
 long, and inwardly Concave, almoft like a Larks Heel. The 
 Neck to which they are falfen’d is here wanting. This Spe¬ 
 cies is figur’d, and in forne fort deferibed by Wormius. But 
 the Figure in Calceolarias’sMufeetim anfwersnot. 
 
 The FLAT CENTRE-SHELL with the Scaled Bafe. 
 
 Balanus compreffa is? Squamata 5 fo I call it. This Species 
 is in fome fort figur’d by Rondeletius. But his Defcnption 
 worth nothing. ’Tis near an inch long, and ? of an inch 
 broad at the Bafe, where it is fomewhat narrower than 
 in the middle. W hitifh, and with fome Rays of blew. It 
 confiffs of five greater pieces, whereof the middlemoft 
 pair, thegreateft and the longed. The leffer pair are joyned 
 to them edge to edge, reaching half their length, but not 
 oppofitely with their Points downward, as in the former 
 Specie shut upward. The fifth piece not joyned to this leffer 
 pair, as in the other Species, but to the oppofite edge of the 
 greater. Round about the Bafe of the Shell feveral little 
 pieces, fome bigger and fome lefs, Hand after the manner 
 of Scales, with their points alfo forward. So that it looks 
 almolf like a great Bud crufhed flat. ’Tis joyned to a Necf 
 about i of an inch over, an inch, fometimes more , or 
 lefs, in length 5 of a brown colour,rough, and compofed of 
 an innumerable company of frnall Knobs,almoft like thofe 
 on fome Fifties Skins. Several Shells, by the like Necks, 
 commonly grow all together in a Cluiter. I have 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Shells. 
 
 I have feen fome of thefe Shells perfectly formed in all 
 their parts, not much bigger than a Cheefe-Mite. 
 
 Thus tar the Titles and Defcriptions 5 the Schemes fol¬ 
 low, which take in all, fave one or two of the Sub-Species: 
 and wherein the Order is a little more corrected. 
 
 Scheme 1. 
 
 Shells 
 
 are 
 
 Not Whirled. Scheme 2. 
 
 t. Conick. 
 
 tSingle^ ("Apparent, CBody < 
 
 Whirled. Jwith more < j;Oval. 
 
 The Whirle) ^Whirle. Scheme 
 
 (Latent. Scheme 6 . 
 
 Scheme 3. 
 
 Scheme 4. 
 5 - 
 
 cDouble. 7 
 
 ! i.Not Single. < ^Scheme 7. 
 
 C Multiple.-^ 
 
 .Orbicular, 
 
 with 
 
 <" A little 
 I open ' 
 
 Scheme 2. 
 
 cThe Greater Red 
 -Five Orders J C White 
 
 \of Prickles CThe LelTer<Brown 
 j"Green 
 
 /Ten Orders 
 of Prickles. 
 
 White ] Button-Filh, or 
 j Edible Sea-Ur- 
 I chans, 
 t Echini ef- 
 culenti. 
 
 'Oval 
 
 { 
 
 The Greater. The Great Mare-Maids-Head , Ecbinometra. 
 The Leffer.The Little Mare-Maids Head.Echinm Spatagusi 
 
 Not whirled^ 
 
 _ Low. 
 
 Wide open ^ 
 
 Level, ^ 
 
 or plain-fided GHigh or V Level. 
 
 CConick. With d 
 
 the edge gNot level. 
 
 pEqual or rW aves, 
 fPromincntA even, \ 
 
 Oval. With with fidesSUneven.S deep 
 the Navk. J ( With (.Furrows. 
 
 . Limpets. 
 Tat ell*. 
 
 (Only a little 
 ^.Winding J Obliquely. The Vaulted 
 SLimptt.Paulla cone amir ata. 
 (.Spirally. Anris marina. _ 
 
 Scheme 5 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Shells. 
 
 i 
 
 Scheme 3. 
 
 (On both Lips. Frog-Wilk. 
 (Armed with} Murex Coracoides. 
 f Expanded J Fingers bOn the Right only. The 
 r The Right [ and ) CBroad-Lip’d Wilk .Aporrhais. 
 
 Lip Broad < Turned out. [Naked. The Marble-Wilk. Murex Marm. 
 
 f Long. 
 With 
 
 Conick, 
 with the^ 
 Turbin. 
 
 C More 
 (Only ex-) 
 
 P anded -?Lefs. 
 
 Even Lip’d. The Oriental-Wilk. 
 Murex Oriental'll. 
 
 , A little angular. 
 
 a J Knobed. 
 
 ' 1 Even. 
 
 With the Whirle - 
 f Lip s Even. 
 
 Parallel Lips. ^Belly’d. With } The left Furrowed. 
 
 r Knobed. 
 
 ! Spiked. Murex Acukatm. 
 
 With the Body^ Levd 
 
 Low. With the. 
 - Mouth. 
 
 With, 
 the 'Turban. 
 
 T Oval. The Wilk 
 I with plated Spikes. 
 
 cEven.-1 
 
 1 OonickSnails. 
 Knobed—•. Cochlea Coni- 
 k Concave f ex vulgb 
 
 Belly’d. With the< J Cylindrical. 
 
 Rounds of the»l»'r/<r Convex . 
 
 ‘Level. With< 
 the Whirle £ 
 
 cLong.With the 
 Body 
 
 Scheme 4. 
 
 Even - 
 
 r Both Lips 
 turned out.-< 
 The Mouth 
 
 Oval, 
 
 With 
 
 I Furrowed. With the' 
 (Rounds of the TOWe (Plated 
 
 Un-interrupted. 
 With the Body 
 
 -Knobed. 
 
 -Wrinkled. 
 
 Perfian- 
 
 Shells. 
 
 k Conchas 
 Perplex. 
 
 (The Left. 
 With a 
 
 Double EdgeA° blon 8'i 
 With the Body(short ' 
 
 ■The Flat-Lip’d Snail. 
 
 0 Strait .Cochlea 
 c Produced ( Hugofa. 
 
 (Even. TheS 
 
 ^Single Edge. fore-Corner ( Reduced 
 The Mouth \ 
 
 ■s. Jungly a* 
 
 /Crooked.The 
 Hook-Nofe. 
 
 L One only “! 
 
 (Furrow’d. | 
 
 With the Mouth 
 
 I The Right. With) 
 L the Mouth 
 
 ''Even' 
 
 /'Low. The 
 With the\sbort-Nofe. 
 Whirle Slmmerfed.The 
 \Dipirtg-Snail 
 Long. Cochlea Cylin - 
 drovalis. 
 
 “)Round,With f Smooth-, Cocht. 
 ( the H'bcrlc < , J. 
 
 t Spiked j Vmb 
 
 [Furrowed. With< 
 the Turban f 
 
 [Smooth v, Snailer. 
 ^Spiked 
 
 Scheme 5. 
 
153 
 
 Of Shells. 
 
 Part I. 
 
 Scheme 5. 
 
 fPIated. With- 
 the Mouth 
 
 Entire - 
 
 " Horned. With< 
 
 Spikes ^Plated, orkSingly. 
 
 ‘ Gutter’d 
 
 Singly. 
 
 '-Only prolonged.^Both Lips cThin. Strombtu 
 
 With Sfingle, The Right 
 
 CThick. 
 
 Longer .With. 
 
 the lyhirle 
 
 rshort. 
 With the 
 Mouth. 
 
 r Horned. 
 
 With 
 
 The Right 
 Lip’d doubled 
 
 r-The Lips fingle. - 
 
 Redoubled.^ 
 ;ht 
 
 } 
 
 'Furfur£. 
 
 Buccvia Rbomboidea* 
 
 I Umnter- 
 L rupted. 
 
 Shells^ ! 
 More whirled j 
 with the Mouth ' 
 
 ^The right doubled. Buccvia 1 
 
 Triangularis. ' Little 
 
 Pvight > Wilks. 
 
 Smooth. Wind-^Btfcc/- j Buccin*. 
 
 Not horned. *sing from the <.cochlea. j 
 
 l With thel^ir/esMouth to the /Left 
 /Wrinkled.__ 
 
 Long. With 
 ^the IVhirk 
 
 r . Convex 1 
 or 
 
 kThin. Turbo co- 
 - Smooth "S cblea. 
 CThick. 
 
 'Wholly 
 Compadt < Belly’d 
 
 t_In part 
 
 Loofe. V email us 
 
 r Narrow 
 / More. With-? 
 
 Level. ) the Bafe 
 
 ' Low.W ithCProlonged h 
 the J VhirleJ (Left. WithrLevel 
 
 the Rounds^ 
 
 -Strait 
 
 Rough.With \ 
 
 Knoby Rowe'S 
 
 CSpiral 
 
 i {-Rough. ■ 
 
 (.Level SSmooth. C Co[ > vcx ynnes, 
 (With the ‘o. 
 
 ■Rounds ^ cvc 
 
 Long 
 
 Whirls 
 
 tlm- 
 
 l . 
 
 Belly’d. With c Fill’d 
 the Centre 
 
 t Shorter. 
 
 * With the 
 L Crown. 
 
 ir Fill’d | 
 C Hollow. 
 
 Broad 
 
 ^Smooth 
 [Convex cRough 
 
 I Short 
 >■ Whirls 
 Trochi . 
 
 ( Round. With 
 
 High. With 
 i the Mouth ,* 
 
 v CEven 
 
 . (Even. < 
 
 ore low. \ t i ® ark > 
 
 With the Mouth < ^Furrow’d 
 
 ( 
 
 theTur-S Promi ' 
 ba.r > nem 
 
 The fpiked Ihort IVbirle 
 v wrinkled. 
 
 Hollow. The concave Ihort iVhirle- 
 ^ Wrinkled 
 More) 
 
 1 /Knobed. 
 
 * More low. 
 
 Tn . , 1 With the 
 
 d r Spiral. 'jVbirle. 
 The BackS 
 with <, 
 
 wrinkles ./Tranfverfe. 
 
 k- Cochlea lahrofa . 
 
 r Cochlea Culata. 
 
 jKnobed. {-Single Cochlea 
 Level LLcfs "hSpiked. With\Ecbinopbera. 
 
 C fpikes—^Redoubled. Cochlea 
 CVaftylata. 
 
 Neither CMore high. 
 
 Lip turn’d < 
 
 I Behind. back. £Lc-fs high. 
 
 Corner’d. I With f The Crown. 
 
 One Lip. COuter.r Half way. 
 
 The i T r Lefs 
 
 finer. /Wholly.^low. 
 
 With the< 
 
 Before. Cochlea Turbine 
 Ant ico 
 
 Whirle . 
 
 )More * 
 
 _ low. 
 Scheme 6 . 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Shells. 
 
 51 
 
 Scheme 6 . 
 
 r Compre(Ted 
 
 Shells With 
 a Latent 
 Whirle. 
 With the Body 
 
 f Expanded 
 b.With Lips 
 
 Scheme 7. 
 
 -Even 
 
 -Uneven 
 
 'Not 
 
 Doubled 
 
 ^Brown and Black __ 
 
 Sailers. 
 
 Pearl-colour’d Nautili. 
 
 CSpikcd 
 
 /Plated 
 
 _ Smooth-Lip’d.CPlain 
 1 (With theBack< 
 
 ^Bunched 
 
 [Turned out or doubled._ 
 
 One Lip. S^’ 
 
 /Left. cNavled 
 
 l Rnfh SThin. 1 High-back’d } 
 B ° th Vck> eNot Navled 
 
 Lips f Long. 
 
 Venus* 
 
 ^Shells. 
 
 Conchx 
 
 t'entris. 
 
 rThe Great One, called Pinna. Sea-Wing. 
 
 Tlnarticu-} (Heming in the Navle. Cbeftnut-Oyftcr. 
 
 late cLefler. /Circum-\ C Similar. 
 
 With the} ference ^Running through it. / 
 
 / ( With Tides ^ Dillimil ar. 
 
 vBafe (haded. 
 
 c-Even A, 
 
 /Rounder} CSmooth i 
 
 Eared} /Furrow’d} „• 
 
 /Longer. C ‘Rough y^tms. 
 
 ‘Double*! 
 
 Shells, 
 
 Articu¬ 
 late. 
 With the 
 V Havle. 
 
 c Strait.. 
 With 
 Valves 4 
 
 ■? 
 
 -Lels 
 ^Concave * 
 
 Scollops. 
 
 : Waved 
 
 n 
 
 Concha Corallina. 
 
 _ Oblique. } 
 With the 
 (ides. 
 
 Multi- 
 
 i pie 
 
 More dif- 
 fimular. , 
 '■With the - * 
 /Greater. Circum- 1 
 j Conick /Centre- ference 
 y Thell. 
 
 ( vLcfs.Sponge- 
 
 Centre-lhell. 
 
 Not Eared/Waved and wrinkled. 
 
 More. Gaping-Mufcle. Chama. 
 
 , ,, „ _ /Strait. The Sheath-Fifh. Solen. 
 
 Almoft (imilar. \ - Expanded. 
 
 7 cFew. With} r Solid. 
 
 ; (.Crooked. < Valves /Round-} 
 
 Withjoyntst-Numerous. er cFifiulat 
 r I n partr Bale. rFew. Ojlrea Gaderopoda. 
 ftrait. NWith } 
 
 The *^Joynts c^ umcrou, ‘ c^cbd 
 J cEredted.Square- 
 t-Side<Mufcle. cLefs. 
 
 cProduced<More. Concha Margari- 
 (- tifera. 
 
 /Rough. 
 
 Circi- < 
 
 a tori C ? 
 
 (.Flat. , 
 With the 
 Safi 
 
 'Naked 
 
 Crooked 
 
 round 
 
 Labour 
 
 rUneven. Vnated /Smooth. Tcllinx. 
 
 | With Fur-J r Even (Round . 
 
 / Toothed. \ 
 
 J Expanded. 
 
 rows. 
 
 
 ^Radia-< 
 
 \With' 
 
 | Concha 
 
 (Scaled 
 
 vtdrn. 
 
 >ConcL.Ana- "«> Leu 
 ) tifera. Vatm 
 
 ana i 
 )ut. I 
 
 With I f-Long. 
 
 ed. With^jj nc ^ /V 
 the Edge^vcn '‘Furrow’d./ Longer. 
 
 With J 
 
 Lefs. Valvs C Shorter. 
 
 QDeep. 
 
 |Expand-< JoyntsJ 
 
 7 Shallow, r'p'vrpn 
 v . 1 *- With the\ E ' vcn <>. 
 
 1 Ed g e /Tooth- 
 With J C ed. 
 
 C Plated Valves . 
 
 SECT, 
 
 X 
 
Of Infects, 
 
 Part I. 
 
 154 
 
 SECT. VII. 
 
 OF INSECTS, 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 Of Infects with Na^ed-Wings. 
 
 T He Bigger HUMBLE-BEE. Bombyliws major. Fird, 
 With a broad-Belly, colour’d with Afhen, White, and 
 Brown. 
 
 Another, witli a Broad-Belly, Yellow and Citrine. 
 
 A Third, with a Long Tawny-Belly, and Brown 
 Wings. 
 
 The Middle HUMBLE-BEE, with a Scarlet Bread, and 
 Wings fpoted with white and brown. 
 
 The LeiTer HUMBLE-BEE, painted with Citrine and 
 Iron-colour. 
 
 A WILD-BEE, with her Follicle or Bag, near the big- 
 
 nefs of a Wrens-Egg. 
 
 Another fort of WILD-BEE, with their BAGS. They 
 are about' an inch long, of a Cylindrical Figure, very thin 
 and tranfparent, like the inner Coats of the Eye. Admira¬ 
 bly placed, for warmth and fafety 3 fc. length-ways, one 
 after another, in the middle of the Pith of an old 
 Elder-Branch , with a thin boundary betwixt eacli Bag. 
 The little Bees are fomewhat thicker than the Flying- 
 Ant 3 and their Bellies marked with four or five white 
 Rings. 
 
 Another fort of WILD-BEE, which breeds in the flocks 
 of old Willows. Curious to obferve. They firft bore a 
 Canale in the Stock, which, for more warmth, they f urnifh 
 afterwards with Hangings, made of Rofe-Leaves , fo fowled 
 up, as to be contiguous round about to the Tides of the 
 Canale. And to finifh their Work, divide the whole, in to 
 
 feveral Rooms or Neds, with round pieces of the fame 
 f Num- leaves. Hereof fee in the Philof. Tranf. (a) the Obfer- 
 
 vations 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Infe&s: zjy 
 
 vations of Dr. Edm. King 5 whereto fome others are added 
 by Mr. Willughby, and explained by Figures. 
 
 Some parts of the NEST of another WILD-BEE, 
 
 Not much unlike the firll of thofe not inelegant figures, 
 which Johnfton gives under the Name of WE S PEN¬ 
 STOCK. 
 
 The under or hinder Wings of a Bee , are the leaf!; that 
 they may not incommode his flight, (a) The Honey-Bag, [^ c ^° c u /' ^ 
 is the Stomach, which they always fill to fatisfie, and to " -cap,1 ‘ 
 fpare 5 vomiting up the greater part of the Honey, to be 
 kept againff Whiter. A curious Description and Figure of the 
 Sting, fee in Mr. Hoops Micrography. In windy Weather, 
 
 Bees often hold a little ftone in their hinder Feet 5 which 
 ferves as a Ballaft to make them fail through the Air more 
 fteadily. (b) The Hiftory of Bees , the belt that Ariftotle 0 >) ibid, 
 hath given us, (c) of any one Animal. Of their Polity, ( c ) hm. An; 
 Generation, Confervation, Difeafes, and Ufe ; fee alfo lib> c - 
 Moufet , Butler , and a late Treatife of Mr. Rufden. All that 
 Authors fpeak of the Spontaneous Generation of Bees, is 
 fabulous. The allies of Bees are put into moft Composi¬ 
 tions for breeding of Hair. 
 
 A WASPES-NEST. Vefpetum. Given by Sir Jonas Moorej 
 who received it from Nevc-England. See the Figure of 
 one in Johnfton. ’Tis above a foot high, and near a foot 
 over. Compofed of a great number of little Cells, as in 
 the Wild-Bees Neft, and encompaffed with a Cover of 
 the fame fluff. All wrought about the Branch of a 
 Tree. 
 
 Both this, and the Bees-Nefl now mention’d, confift 
 of the fmall Fibers of Plants, cohering, altogether as in 
 Paper 5 as may be. feen by a Glafs. So that the Stuff may 
 not be improperly called BEE-PAPER. 
 
 Another W ASPES-NEST, like the former. Given by 
 Dr. 1 homas Allen. 
 
 A LONG-OVAL FOLLICLE ( perhaps of a fort of 
 Hornet ) with this peculiar, That the Silkjs cover’d with a 
 kind of brown Cruft, marbled with blackilh Veins. 
 
 A NESTED FOLLICLE,or one within another.Here are 
 three of this fort, not fortuitous, but according to Nature. 
 
 The utmoft, is about an inch long, brown, and compofed 
 of Stiff-work, with a great many fmall Interftices: fo that 
 
 X 2 it 
 
Of Infeffr. 
 
 P A r't'I. 
 
 I56 
 
 it looks juft like an Oval-Net. Within this, lies loofe 
 another much {mailer, of a light Alh-colour, and made like 
 other Infett-Bags. 
 
 The Polilh’d FLESH-FLY ; that which is of a blewilh- 
 black, like Steel. 
 
 Another FLESH-FLY with a ftrong Prolofcis or Trunk, 
 tawny Wings, black Eyes, bunched Back, brown, long, 
 and fharp Belly, forked Tail, Chefnut Feet, the hinder the 
 longeft. 
 
 The GOLDEN-EYE. Mufca CJnyfopk ,as Moufet calls it. 
 The Eye of this Fly is very curious, not only with its golden 
 colour, but in being moll elegantly latticed, like that 
 of a Butterfly. Whilit alive, they have a very Linking 
 fcent. 
 
 The OX-FLY. Mufla Boaria. Aftlus. 
 
 The WHAME. Mufca Apiformis. Tabani fpecies. 
 
 The WASP-FLY. Tabani fpecies altera. 
 
 The TWO-BRISTLED-FLY. Mufca Bipilis. He hath 
 two Briftles upon his Tail, Landing level. Moufet defcnbes 
 five Species. 
 
 The THREE-BRISTLED-FLY. Tripilium. Of thefe 
 Moufet alfo defcribes five forts. Here are two of them 5 
 One greater, the other Iefs. They are moL in May and June 
 before and after the Rains. 
 
 Flys, at the end of their Prohofcis, have a Piercer where¬ 
 to Mouf. de with they broach the Skin, (a) They go only, faith Moufet , 
 ibid?' Wltl1 four Fcct ’ u *' n S the two foremoL inLead of Hands, (b) 
 This latter part of his ALertion is true 5 but the former, con¬ 
 trary to common Obfervation. 
 
 The Hair of the Head being often wet with the water 
 of common Flys diLill d in Balneo Mar ice, will grow to a 
 to id. c. 12. very great length, (c) AlmoL all Flys, being chew’d and 
 (d) id. c.12. fwallow’d, caufe violent vomitings, (d) 
 
 Arn °i- Two FLY-NESTS 5 with fome of the Flys. They are 
 all black, with four Wings, the Horns and hinder Legs 
 both long, and the end of the Tail thick. Of kin to the 
 M. Bipilis. 
 
 The NeLs are faLen’d or wrought, one, upon a head of 
 Cyprefs-Grafs ; above I an inch long: the other, on the top 
 of a Branch of Fern ; and is about an inch long. Both 
 P Sea, id white like Wooll 5 very porous and compreffible, 
 
 like 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Infers, 
 
 *5 7 
 
 like a fine Sponge 5 and perforated with feveral little round 
 Holes. Cuting one of them down the middle, I found, 
 within, the more elaborate Work, confiding of a great 
 number of little oval Cells , asm a WildBees-Neft. Thefe 
 Cells are placed in their length tranfverfly to that of the 
 Nell. In each of which, each Fly is bred a part from the 
 reft. 
 
 The Great BUTTERFLY. Papilio major. This is of the 
 fecond magnitude. The Wings are painted with citrine 
 and black, both in long ftreaks and fpots. 
 
 The Great PLUMED BUTTERFLY. The Wings are 
 
 E ainted with black and fcarlet Rings. In the place of Horns, 
 e hath a pair of Plumes in his Forehead. 
 
 Another, with LONGER PLUMES. The Wings of this 
 are fpotted with black and tawny. 
 
 Thelefler BUTTERFLY, with fcarlet Wings; the fore- 
 moft of which are far lhorter than the other. 
 
 Another, having the Wings fpeckled with red, yellow, 
 brown and black fpots. 
 
 Of the larger, middle, and lefler kinds, Moufet reckons 
 up and defcribes five and thirty forts, (a) ( a ) Latter 
 
 That which feems to be a Powder upon the Wings of a p3tt ofc,I 4- 
 Butterfly , Is an innumerable company of extreme fmall 
 Feathers, not to be difcerned without a Microscope, (b) 0 >) See Dr. 
 
 Butterfly s, as moft In feds, faith Moufet, are very Diure- tlffoybr 
 tick ( urinas egregie movent) and with more fafety. (c) Tis and Mr. 
 worth the trial. af™ i Ml ~ 
 
 The Great ADDERS Boult; from the ftrait long of Cap.'14. 
 figure: Dragon-Fly, from the colour and bignefs. Water- 
 Butterfly, becaufe they moft frequent Rivers and watry 
 places. Perla, from its colour. Libella, from its figure, 
 when the Wings are fpread our. In this, the Bafes of the 
 Wings are fpoted, the Belly almoft triangular, the Tail 
 pointed, painted with black and gold-colour. 
 
 Another GREAT ONE, with filver Wings, a golden 
 Mouth, a green Forehead, Chefnut Eyes, a round Belly 
 painted with citrine and black. 
 
 A THIRD, with citrine Wings, a green Back, and a yel¬ 
 low Belly. It is furnilhed both with Horns and Plumes in 
 the Forehead. 
 
 The Middle ADDERS Boult. It is of a dark-Green. 
 
 The 
 
158 Of Infects. Part I. 
 
 The Head fmall, the Cheft or middle part (hort, the Belly 
 very long and (lender. Moufet reckons up in all about 
 20 forts. 
 
 The LANTHORN-FLY of Peru. Cueujus Peruvianas. 
 A quite different Species from that defcribed by Moufet. 
 And, with refpect to his WingSj is no way of kin to the 
 Beetle or Scarabeus- kind, but rather the Locuft. I find it 
 no where defcribed. 
 
 Tis above three inches long,and thick as the Ring-finger: 
 His Head, in bignefs and figure, admirable; near "an inch 
 and half long, in the thickeft part of it above half an inch 
 over. From the Eyes forward it firft fwells or bellies our, 
 afterwards contracts into a fmaller, yet blunt end. Tis 
 alfo crowned with a broad blunt knob, and the end refi- 
 matedor bended upward. In its Circumference it hath 
 feven low Ridges or Angles, marked with fo many black 
 lines, an eighth line being added betwixt the two upper- 
 moft Angles. The greater part hereof (now) betwixt 
 yellow and flraw-colour. Yet Rained with brown and red 
 Rreaks and fpots, neatly ranged, efpecially on the top and 
 both Tides. It feems, at lead in the fore part, to be hollow, 
 and almoR like a Bladder blown up. 
 
 The Eyes, for the bignefs of his Body, very fmall. Of a 
 dusky-colour, yet gloffy, and Spherical, looking jufl like 
 two brown Seed-Pearls. Under thefe Rand two fmall round 
 parts, open at top, which feem to be the Roots of a pair 
 of Horns : unlefs any will conceit them to be Ins Ears. 
 Both thefe and the Eyes arc guarded with a fcmilunar 
 Ridge. 
 
 The other parts, being more or lefs fpoil’d, cannot be 
 perfectly defcrib’d. His Probofcvs fufliciently flrong, about 
 i an inch long, and as thick as a flitching or Taylers Needle. 
 The Feet all broken ofl'. His Body an inch and 1 long, not 
 much exceeding the length of the Head ; about I over. 
 Compofed, befides the Shoulders, of about ten Rings. He 
 hath four Wings, almoR like thofe of the Locuft. ; the 
 nppermoR fomewhat Rronger and RiRer than the other. 
 Toth Pairs are of a dun-colour, fprinkled with dark-brown 
 fpots. They are extended considerably beyond the Body; 
 yet the ends are worn off. 
 
 That which, befide the figure of the Head, is moR 
 
 wonderful 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Infers. 
 
 wonderful in this In feci is the Tuning property of the fame 
 Part, whereby it looks in the Night like a little Lanthorne 
 (Lampborne.) So that two or three of thefe fallen d to a 
 Hick, or otherwife conveniently difpofed off, will give 
 fufficient light to thofe that travail or walk in the 
 Night. 
 
 A BAULME KRICIvET. Cicada. It is the fourth in 
 order defcribed by Moufet. The upper Wings of this Infect 
 alfo are 1 tiller than the other,like thofe of thc.Locufi.But that 
 which is moll remarkable, is the broad Hood which is 
 fpread over his Head and the top of Ins Shoulders. It js a 
 Stranger here in England. 
 
 This In feci, faith Moufet {a) after others, feeds only upon CD Lib. de 
 Dew 5 and bath no Excrement 5 which is moll unlikely. It Inf- 
 is by fome given inwardly inllead of Cantbarides , both as a 
 fafer, and more effectual Diuretick. And fo far alfo a better 
 Remedy in Vener'vs languorem. (/> ') W Cap. 17. 
 
 A Great WINGED-LOCUST. Given by Sir John p ' ’ Sh 
 Hoskins. It leems to be the fecond Male defcribed by 
 Moufet. In length almolt three inches. The Face perpen¬ 
 dicular, from the Mouth to the Crown of the Head t an 
 inch. The Wings Membranous; the upper pair, the lliflfell, 
 
 Rained with dark brown fpots, and a few Rays of Red. It 
 is one of that Swarme which fome years fince dellroyedall 
 the fruits in the Illand of Tenarijfa. 
 
 Of the Winged-Kind, Moufet reckons up about a dozen 
 Species. Of their Generation, and the Defcription of the 
 Parts thereunto fubferving, fee the fame Author. The 
 Defcription and Figure of the Lungs in Malpighi us. (c) (0 DeEom- 
 
 Locufis hurt the Corn, Meadows, and Hort-Yards, not j a c b c f 28> 
 only by eating, but alfo by their Dung 5 and an ill-naturd “ ' 4 ' 
 Spittle , much of which they fpew out of their Mouths , as 
 they eat. (d) ’Tis probable. That the Spittle (if they (d) Moufet 
 fpew any) is not ill-naturd5 becaufe the Jews were per- °f Val - 
 rnitted to eat this as a clean Animal. Yet may prove hurtful leriola ' 
 to the Corn, as a Neil fit for the breeding of fmall Worms , 
 or other Animals, which may difeafe it. 
 
 The Ethiopians , and divers other Nations, eat them,being 
 hrfl falted and dryed. (e) te) Muf. 
 
 The FEN-KRICKET or CHUR-WORME: Becaufe W ° rmian ' 
 towards Night, when he comes out of his Buries, he 
 
 makes 
 
 159 
 
1 60 Of Infests-. Part I. 
 
 makes a noifc like that of a Kricket. So great, faith Moufet, 
 as to be heard above a mile off. Gryllotalpa: fo called by 
 the fame Author, for that with his fore-feet, which 
 are very Strong and broad, and ihaped like thofe of a 
 Mo/e, he continually digs up, and makes himfelf Buries 
 in the Earth. His hinder Feet are very long, wherewith 
 he leaps 5 and by which, as well as by his Hood, he borders 
 at lead, upon the Grajhopper-K ind. His Hood or Mantle, 
 which Moufet I think omits, is about I an inch long ; 
 extended forward, over part of his Head; behind, over 
 part of his Wings5 before Concave, behind Convex. 
 
 His Eyes protuberant, yet not great (as Moufet would 
 have them) but very fmall if compared with his Body : in 
 colour, fhape, and bignefshkea Strawberry-feed. 
 
 His Wings, faith the fame Author, are longer than his 
 Body. Whereby it appears, that he did not take notice,That 
 this Animal hath four Wings, whereof the uppermost pair 
 are not above i of an inch long. The other indeed are 
 prolonged above * of an inch beyond the Tail. Each of 
 thefe apart is mod curioufly foulded up inwards with a 
 double Roll, fo as to end in a point ; having their middle 
 Rib (as I may call it) which covers the two Rolls, flat and 
 edged, and divided with tranfverfe lines at right Angles. 
 Their being thus folded up, is a contrivance to fecure 
 them from being torn, as he runs to and fro under 
 ground. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Of InfeBs with floeathed-Wings. 
 
 nPHe TINGLE-WORME. Profcar abates. He’s remark- 
 able, efpecially, for his Teeth, which are two great 
 Hooks bended inward, almoftas in the Squill-Infetl. He 
 differs from the Scarab arm, chiefly, in that the Vagina or 
 Wing-Covers are very fhort, reaching but about s way 
 toward the end of the Tail. His Wings, notwithstanding 
 Moufet calls them Alarum rudiment a, are very perfect, and 
 by a treble fold lodged under their Cruftaceous Covers. He 
 
 alfo 
 
Part I. Of Infect r. 
 
 alfo omits the Defcription of his Eyes, which, through a 
 Microfcope , are a curious fight. 
 
 This Infett, with the lealf touch, drops a kind of Oily 
 liquor from his Mouth ; for which caufe Moufet calls it The 
 Oil-Clock, (ft) Being bruifed, it yields a fragant fmell. 
 
 They are numerous in Heidleburge and other parts of Get- ToxitcX ° 
 
 many. Onomalti- 
 
 7 he Great BULL-CHAFER. Taurm volans maximus. 
 
 Johnfton out of Marggravim in fome fort defcribes four 
 Species of Bull-Chafers , of which, as I take it, this is one. 
 
 I meet alfo with the Pic ture of it in Olearius. (c) He hath W Tab. 16 . 
 three Horns. The firft is only the Snout produced and Fig ' 2, 
 bended upward, and is therefore moveable with the 
 Head. In length, according to the figure in Olearius (for 
 it is here broken off) about an inch and i forked at the end, 
 and with one upper branch a little before the Eyes. The 
 Head very little. Upon his Shoulders he hath two im¬ 
 movable or unjoynted Horns, about I of an inch long, i 
 of an inch over at the Bafe, directed forward, and with 
 their points inward, like a Bulls-Horns. From the end of 
 his Snout or fore-Horn to the end of his Tail he is about 
 five inches long,over his Back above two and a * $ the bigeft 
 of Infects yet known. His fore-Feet are armed witli 
 Spikes, as io many Claws; wherewith, his likelv he digs 
 himfelf Buries. Of his Wings it is Obfervablc, That at 
 their utmoft Joynt, they are laped up, or doubled inward 
 towards the Head,and fo kept Life under the Wing-Covers; 
 being, when out at their full length, almoft twice as long 
 as the hinder Body or Section of the Animal. The like is 
 obfervablc of the Wings of fome other Beetles. His Horns, 
 
 Legs, Back and Wing-Covers are all black; his Belly 
 brown. 
 
 Another Great BULL-CHAFER. Of the fame fort. 
 
 The Lciler BULL-CHAFER. Naficornis Triceros minor, 
 fo it may be called. Tis all over of a fhining-black. Above 
 two inches long, almoft one broad. The Snout-Horn is 
 not bended upward, as in the former, but downward, 
 
 1 di °f an mc 'fi long, and edged above. On the top of his 
 Back or fore-Se&ion he hath two other little Horns, about 
 ' Of an inch long, thick as thofe of a Snail, and bended 
 down as the former* 
 
 Y 
 
 The 
 
I 62 
 
 Part I 
 
 Of InfeUs. 
 
 The HEAD and Fore-SECTION of the fame Animal 5 
 but of one far bigger. 
 
 The TODDY-FLY. Taurus volans Marggravii Quartos, 
 or Naficomis Diceros. This here came from Guinea. Tis 
 very well defcnbed by the faid Author. Except, that he 
 doth not well compare the Eyes to a Hemp-feed: for they 
 are not only Spherical, but as big as a well grown green 
 Teas. But that fhelly-Guard, which, as it were, hoops in 
 the Eye, and hides the greater part of it, unlcfsyoulay the 
 Infect on his Back, might occafion his miftake. He hath 
 but two Horns, yet thofe great ones. A Snout-Horn 
 bended and toothed upward, and a Shoulder-Horn bended 
 downward. From the end of which to the end of his 
 Tail, about five inches. But he is not fo broad as the 
 Great Bull-Chafer. 
 
 Thirty or forty of thefe together, rafping or (awing off 
 part of the Barque of the Toddy-Tree by the help of their 
 Snout-Horn, will drink themfelves drunk with the liquor 
 that flows from it: from whence dieir Englifh Name. For 
 which purpofe, Nature hath well placed the Teeth of the 
 faid Horn, above: for that here, the Work is not done, as 
 by a Alan in flawing, by the weight of the Animal, which 
 is inconfiderable 5 but by the ftrength of his Legs, which 
 force the Horn upward. 
 
 See the Deflcription of the Parts fubflerving to Generation 
 in the Philof. Tranfacl. N.<g 4. Communicated by Dr. Swam¬ 
 merdam. 
 
 Two more TODDY-FLY’S, like the former. 
 
 The RHINOCEROS BEETLE. Scarabaus Rhinoceros. 
 See the Figure and Deflcription hereof in Imperati. It hath 
 only one Horn upon the Nofe Handing almoft upright, 
 only bended a little backward,as in the Rhinoceros 5 whence 
 its Name. 
 
 The PRICKLE-NOS’D BEETLE. Scarabaus Nafo acu- 
 leato. I meet with it no where elfle. So I call it, becaufe 
 that in the place of the Horn above-faid, it hath only a 
 flmall fhort Prickle. The fore-Section alflo, near the Head, 
 is depreflfed and fomewhat Concave. ’Tis very near as big 
 as the former, and of a like Cheflnut-colour. 
 
 The STAG-BEETLE. Cervus Volans. Defcnbed by 
 Moufet , Imgerati and others. He hath his Name from 
 
 his 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Infers. 
 
 163 
 
 his two Horns, which are branched like thofe of a Stag: 
 but yet moveable. His Head is very big and broad 5 ratably, 
 far bigger than in any other known Beetle,much exceedin'! 
 the bignefs even of the forc-Scdfion. Under his fore-Feet, 
 he hath Tufts of fhort brown Hair. His Wings are" 
 doubled up inward and towards the Head, as in the Great 
 BuU-Cbafer. From the Tips of his Horns (which are about 
 an inch long) to the end of his Tail, above three inches in 
 length; 
 
 His Horns being moveable, he ufeth them to catch 
 hold with, as a Lobfter doth with his Claws. For which pur-” 
 pofe,they are not only branched inwardly, but alfo toothed 1 
 ■with a numerous Series of little knobs,by which to take the 
 furer hold. 
 
 . TheDefcription and Figure of the Lungs of this Infect 
 is given by Malpighis. ( a) Some Obfervations of his r<oDe Bom- 
 Nature, fee in the Pbilofopb. Tranf N. 127. Chioccus faith, &**■ p- 2 7 - 
 That there are many of them in Lombardy, (b) (bf'Lr. 
 
 The Horns of this Inf eft being fet in Gold, and fo worn as Cl,ceo,ar - 
 an Amdet, are faid to be of excellent force (c) in eafing (c; chioccus 
 of Pains, and againft the Cramp. Read Fientts, Of the Power inW.ai! 
 of Pbancy. ceol. 
 
 Four more STAG-BEETLES 5 but lefler than the for¬ 
 mer. 
 
 Another* with the Head broken off. 
 
 The little THREE-HORNED BEETLE. Scarabaus 
 Triceros minor. Moufet feems to deferibe it by the Name 
 of Rvuph 5 but imperfectly. His Head is guarded with 
 two Shoulder-Horns, and one in the Neck between them, 
 not in his Forehead, as Moufet miftakes. They are all three 
 immoveable or unjoynted, of the thicknefs of a little Pin, 
 or the bignefs of ihort Goofeberry Thorns. That in the 
 middle hands reared upward, the other two are bended a 
 little downward. In all other parts ’tis lhaped like the Sea- 
 rabacus Melanocyanem with furrow’d Wing-lhells5 of which 
 anon. 
 
 The NOCOONACA. So called by fome of the Natives 
 of the Weft-Indies , from whence it came. I meet with 
 it no where elfe. Tis three inches long, and an inch 
 broad. The Head • an inch broad, 7 of an inch long. 
 
 The Horns rooted on each fide the top 5 but are all broken 
 
 Y 2 off, 
 
164 
 
 Part I. 
 
 Of Infe&s. 
 
 off, laving a Joynt or two : which are of that thicknefs, 
 as he feems to be of kin to the Capricorne- kind; and may 
 be called The Great Weft-bidian GOAT-CHAFER. 
 
 His Back-Picce near? an inch long, * broad, armed 
 with two black fharp Prickles, * of an inch long, and 
 bended a little backwards. The Wing-fhells almoft fquare, 
 kiiobed on each fide before, where each of them hath one, 
 and at the hinder end two more very fhort Prickles. They 
 are cover’d with a kind of Down , or very fhort and line 
 Hair, like the Pile of Velvet 3 for the moil part brown, but 
 adorned with Dafhes of Red and Yellowifh, or Citrine,of an 
 anfwerable fhape upon both lhells. The brown fpaces 
 before arc alfo rough-caft with a great number of fmall 
 round black knobs, like Mourning Pins-Heads. The fore- 
 Fect are four inches and ? long, as long again as the other 5 
 contrary to what, at leal!,for the moil part,they are in other 
 Beetles. They are alfo let with fharp black Prickles like 
 thofe on the Back-Piece. The reft without them. All of 
 them vary’d with the aforefaid Colours. 
 
 Another NOCOON AC A of the fame bignefs. 
 
 The Great European GOAT-CHAFER. Capricornus 
 maxim us Furopeus. Given by Sir Philip Skippon. Defcribed 
 by Moufet. ’Tis about two inches long. Of a dark brown 
 or Musk-colour. He hath on his Forehead two flender 
 Horns, knoted or with many Joynts; above an inch long, 
 and commonly Handing backward, like thofe of a Goat, 
 from whence his Name. 
 
 The Goat-Chafer , faith Moufet, being weary with flying, 
 to fpare his weak Legs,wraps his Horns (I doubt weaker than 
 his Legs) about the Twig of a Tree, and fo refts himfelf. 
 
 The LONG-SHELL’D GOAT-CHAFER. Capricornus 
 Vaginvs longioribus. I think no where deferib’d. It is 
 above an inch long, and the Wing-fhells of themfelves 
 an inch, being prolonged near i of an inch beyond the 
 Anus 5 and near i an inch broad 3 fo deep, as to come down 
 below the Belly on both fides. All over of a ftraw-colour. 
 The Shoulders a little knobed. The Neck, red 5 and about 
 I of an inch fquare. The Head ftill lefler,fcarce fo big as a 
 Flejh-Flys. 
 
 The MUSK-GOAT-CHAFER. Capricornus odoratus. 
 00 Cap.21. It is of the Middle-kind. Defcribed by Moufet. (a) 
 
 While 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Infecfr. 
 
 While it lives, and for fometime after its death, It hatha 
 fragrant fmell ; from whence the Name. 
 
 The lelfer Goat-Chafer blew and green. Minor Chloro- 
 cyaneus , as it may be called. About I of an inch long, the 
 Head and Neck green, the Wing-lhells blew, both glolly. 
 The Horns j of an inch. The Legs like bright Steel. 
 
 The little Saffron-Goat-Chafer. Minimus rubrocroceus. 
 About I an inch long. His Horns k His Legs like poliflfd 
 Steel. 
 
 The little Thrown Goat-Chafer. Minimus pullocroceus , as 
 we may call it. About I inch long, and {lender. Of a 
 brown colour, with a yellow Ring on the upper part of 
 his Neck, two more on his Wing-lhells, and twolloap 
 ftreakes upon each: His Horns and Legs of a Chefnut. 
 
 The GREAT GOGLE-EYED BEETLE. Carabus India 
 Orientals maximus. I find it no where deferibed or pictur’d,, 
 Two inches and 1 long, and an inch broad. His Head ot a 
 middle fize. His Face perpendicular, about i of an inch 
 long, in the middle of a golden green. His Teeth like 
 polifh’d Steel of great thicknefs and ftrength. His Eyes 
 of a fine colour betwixt a light Chefnut , and that of red 
 Coral 3 of an Oval figure 5 and ratably, very great, fc. + of 
 an inch long. Which alfo, fo far as I have obferv’d, is the 
 principal Character of all the Carabus-hmdfo far, as diltindt 
 from the Capricorne : whence I take leave for the Englifh 
 Name. His Horns rooted between the Eyes and the Snout 3 
 but they are here broken off. His Shoulder or Back-Piece 
 almoit fquare 5 yet edged with a Convex Margin on each 
 fide 5 above I of an inch broad, and I an inch by the 
 length of the Infeci 3 burmfh’d with two large fpots of 
 the colour of polilh’d Bellmettle 3 betwixt which, and on the 
 edges or margins of a fhining-green. 
 
 The Wing-fhells almoft two inches long, with fmall 
 furrows running by the length, and united with fhort 
 tranfverfe fines, all together, like Network. Not Oval, 
 but rather exprefling the figure of a Speer-Mint-Leaf. At 
 the end of each, two very fmall points or prickles. In 
 the middle, of a glorious golden red like that of burriifh’d 
 Copper 5 On the edges of a fhining blewifh green. The 
 Belly of the fame colour with the middle of the Wing-fhells 3 
 faving, that the lore part of every Ring (whereof there 
 
 are 
 
 165 
 
Part I. 
 
 1 66 Of Infecls. 
 
 arc three) and the Tail-piece, is alfo variegated with a 
 curious fort of fmall white Streaks, which, at the fird, look 
 like fine Hair. 
 
 The great Joynts of the Legs (as is alfo belt obfervable 
 in other larger Infetts) are joyn’d together, not only by 
 Ligaments, as are the Bones in other Animals 5 but the glo¬ 
 bular knob of one , is entirely inclofed , and fo winds, 
 within the globular Concave of another. The imitation 
 whereof, may be feen in the Joynted Images, which fome 
 Stone-Cuters make ufe of, for their direction as to 
 Poflures. 
 
 The THICK GOGLE-EYED BEETLE of the Eaft- 
 Indies. Carabus Oriental A craffus. I find it not defcnb’d. 
 About an inch and I long, ? of an inch over where thicked. 
 His Eyes near the colour, Ihape and bignefs of golden 
 Millet-feed. His Teeth of a fad Cbefnut, and very robuft. 
 His Horns are broken off. His Forehead, the Tides of his 
 Bread:, Shoulder-piece, and Wing-lhells, all rough cad, 
 efpecially the two parts lad nam’d ; the Shoulder-piece 
 with numerous fmall punches, the Wing-lhells with greater 
 and fewer; two whereof before, rounder and larger than 
 the red. 
 
 On his Bread he hath a fhort, thick anddurdy Thorne or 
 Spike directed forward, and fomewhat downward. He 
 is all over of a curious green, bright and with drong 
 Bays of Gold, but modly on his Belly, Forehead, and the 
 inward Margins of his Wing-lhells. The hinder ends of 
 which have one or two little Indentures. His Legs bro¬ 
 ken off! 
 
 The long GOGLE-EYED BEETLE of the Eajl-Indies. 
 Neither is this defcrib’d, that I find. About an inch and! 
 long 5 where broadell * an inch. His Head fmall, fomewhat 
 bigger than that of a common Bee. His Eyes great. 
 Oval, and of a Cbefnut colour. His Forehead between 
 them of a lhining green, and rough cad. His Teeth very 
 drong. His Horns broken off! His Shoulder-piece almolf 
 fquare, but fomewhat broader behind. This, his Wing- 
 lhells, and his Bread of a glorious green mixed with fome 
 faint Rays of Gold 5 but their outer Margins, efpecially, 
 as you turn him on his Belly, look of a pure Bice-Blew. 
 Their hinder ends (as alfo the Tail) tinged with the 
 
 colour 
 
Part! Of Infects. 1 6 j 
 
 colour of bright Copper. Their ends are likewife indented 
 like the leaves of feme Plants 5 and fo rounded, as both 
 together to make an Elliptick. His Feet are lolh 
 
 The LONG STRIATED CARABUS. Cambus fextm 
 Aldrovandi. Above an inch long, and ? broad. The Wing- 
 fhells are furrow’d by the length with frnall Striae , and alfo 
 wrought with punched or pricked lines in the fame Order. 
 
 The fore-feet are foled each with four little Tufts of Down 
 or fhort Hair. Here are Three of this fort. One, all over 
 of a blackifh colour. A fecond hath his Shoulders and 
 the Rimms of his Wing-ihells, blew. The third hath 
 Crimfon (houlders, or like pure Lake, and the Wing-lhells 
 of a fid green with fome Rays of Gold. 
 
 Another Car aim of the fame kind with the former, but 
 leller,being not above i or I of an inch long.Here are of this 
 Species of feveral colours. Some, of a dark-brown 5 others, 
 cole-black 3 others, of a gilt-green 3 and others, of a gilt- 
 red like bright Copper. None of thefe are punched, but 
 only ftriated. 
 
 the LONG SMOOTH CARABUS. Tis all over of 
 a fhining-black 3 very fmooth, without either prick’d or 
 ftriated Lines. Only a row of very frnall Pricks juft above 
 the Rimrn of the Wing-fhells. Alfo in proportion forne- 
 what longer and ilenderer than the former. 
 
 The little GREEN CARABUS. About I an inch long. 
 
 His Head frnall, fcarce fo big as of the common Blac 4 * 
 
 Fly. His Snout oblong. His Eyes gogling, and of a Cheftnut 
 colour. His Neck alfo little. His Belly and Wing-lhells 
 much broader, efpecially behind, which is unufual. Above, 
 of a curious green 3 the Wing-lhells marked with feven or 
 eight white Specks on the Margins, and two in the middle. 
 Underneath of a golden red. 
 
 The Little BROWN CARABUS. Like the former,having 
 his colours; his Snout being of a fhining ftraw-colour 3 as 
 alfo his Eyes, and very great 3 finely Cancellated 3 through 
 a Glafs a curious light. His Wing-lhells brown, with 
 whitilh Spots, fewer and bigger. His Legs of a golden 
 red. 
 
 The Little BROAD CARABUS. Shorter, andpropor- 
 tionably broader, than any of the precedent Species. All 
 over black. The Head extream frnall. The Shoulder-piece 
 
 broad, 
 
Of Infects. 
 
 Part 1 
 
 168 
 
 broad, fmooth, and almoft fquare. The Wing-fhells 
 ftriated, each with three ridge-lmcs, and each having a nar¬ 
 row and level Rimm or Margin; as in the other Species. 
 Of this fort, here are three or four; the bigeft ? of an inch 
 long, and I broad. 
 
 The common {lender SPANIHS-FLY. Cantbatis vulgaris. 
 It fecms to border both upon the Capricorne and the 
 Carabus. 
 
 Spanijh-Flys , being taken in too greatadofe, will ex- 
 ulcerate the Bladder. Some bold Whores take them to kill 
 infeft^c % anc ^ b rm S away their Conception. Moufet ( a ) fpeaks of a 
 lingular Remedy which he had, Contra Veneris Languorem. 
 Which feems to be feme Preparation of Spanijh-Flys , by 
 the Symptome which he faith did once follow the ufe of it, 
 which was bloody Urine. Yet this hath fometimes hap¬ 
 pen’d, only ex effranatk Venere. 
 
 R Spanijh-Flys 3i> Rbenijh-Wine , or rather Spirit of Wine 
 liiij. Digeft them, without lire, for fome days. Then 
 filtre the Spirit through a brown Paper. To every fpoonful 
 ol this, add feven of clean Wine or Ale. Of this mixture, 
 take the firil day, one fpoonful 3 the fecond, two 3 and fo 
 increaling every day. Againll a Virrulent Gonorrhoea, a 
 fuppreffion of Z trine, and the Stone , the happy fuccefs of 
 Barthoi^Hik C ^ IS TinHure, faith Bartholine , ( b ) hath been experienced 
 Cent. 5. by Dr. James-Francis Kotzjme. I mention it, for a fate way 
 of tiling this In feci inwardly, if in any Cafe we may expect 
 more from them, than other Medicines. 
 
 The BROAD GILDED BEETLL. Cantharis latus 
 Moufeti. Here are feveral of them. They all agree in 
 fhape 3 their Principal Characters, That they are broad 
 Back’d, and Headed , like the Scar abacus Melanocyaneiis ; 
 Tail’d, like the Scar abacus Fullo (of both which anon) and 
 have a fmall Part indented betwixt the fore-ends of the 
 Wing-fhells, like the Tongue of a Buckle. But their 
 Colours are various. Two of a golden green on the Back, 
 and like burnifh’d Copper on the Belly. One like Bell-metal 
 on the Back and Belly. And one like Copper on the Back 
 and Belly. 
 
 The DORR or HEDGE-CHAFER. Scar abacus Arboreus. 
 Defcribed by Moufet. His chief marks are thefe, His Head 
 fmall like that of the common Beetle. This and his Eyes 
 
 black, 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Infeeds 
 
 169 
 
 black, notwithstanding Moufet faith thefe arc yellow. His 
 Shoulder-piece and the middle of his Belly alfo black 5 but 
 juft under the Wing-fhells fpoted with white. His Wing- 
 ihelis, Legs, and the end of his Tail (which is long and flat- 
 pointed ) of a light Cheftnut. His Bread, efpecially, cover’d 
 with a downy-Hair. 
 
 The LEOPARD-FLY. Scar abacus Fullo. Defcribcd alfo 
 by Moufet. ’Tis bigger than the Dorr. His Nofe as black 
 as jet, his Wing-lheaths, and almoft all other parts, fpeckled, 
 with alh-colour and black: in other refpecfs like the 
 Dorr. 
 
 The little TAIL’D-BEETLE. Scarabacus caudatus minor. 
 The Head and Shoulders are wanting. The Wing-Poclls 
 almoft two thirds of an inch long and i over. Of a dull 
 alh-colour befprinkled with extream frnall blackifh fpecks. 
 His Legs and Belly of the fame. He hath a ftrait, pointed 
 Tail prolonged beyond the Wing-fhells * of an inch, from 
 whence I have nam’d him 5 and by which he feems of kin 
 to the Hedge-Chafer. 
 
 The SHORT-SHELL’D BEETLE. By Aldrovandus , 
 called Scar aba? us Serpentarius , fomewhat abfurdly, fc. for 
 that he once found them in a Serpent. But his Defcription 
 is not ill. He feems by the fhortnefs of his Wing-fhells 
 to border on the Dorr or Hedge-Chafer , as the former. As 
 alfo by their colour, compofed of black and Chefnut 
 Rings indented together. Here are five of this Species. 
 
 Another of the fame Species , with the Wing-fhells all 
 over of a Ghefnut colour. Defcribcd alfo by Aldrovandus. 
 Of this fort here are feveral frnall ones. 
 
 The BLACK and BLEW BEETLE. Scarabacus Me- 
 lanocyanem. See Moufet’s Defcription. Of this, the Wing- 
 fhells are ftriated or furrow’d by the length. All the upper 
 parts are black, the under parts blew, exactly like that 
 colour which Watch-Mailers and others give to their Steel- 
 Works. Sometimes the nether parts are rather reddifh, juft 
 like pure bright Copper. Sometimes their Tails and Belly 
 of a golden Green, of which is that called by Wormius , 
 Scarab ecus XAapfyw®". Here are of thefe, mail, about half 
 a fcore. 
 
 ANOTHER, of the fame kind. But this hath both the 
 Shoulder-piece, and alfo the Wing-fhells very frnooth. 
 
 Z 
 
 A 
 
Part I. 
 
 170 
 
 A THIRD, a kin to the former. Yet different from 
 them, not only in being all over black, but efpecially m 
 the make of his Feet. In thofe, hard and fharp with feveral 
 little Prickles handing in a Row, with fome ftragling hairs. 
 In this, having only two lharp Hooks or Claws at the end 
 of his Feet, and his Feet foled with a treble Tuft of a clofe 
 Ihort tawny Down. 
 
 The SQUARE-SHELL BEETLE. The Head and Shoul¬ 
 ders of this are loft. The Wing-fhells together, make 
 almoft a long fquarc; being flat on the top, which is 
 unufual, and the fides making right angles with their upper 
 end. They are alfo ftriated or furrow’d by the length; 
 and the fides curioufly punched or pricked. 
 
 The BEETLE with pointed fhells. The Head and 
 Shoulders of this alfo are loft. All over of a very dark 
 Ihining Bay. The Wing-fhells above I an inch long, and of 
 a peculiar figure 3 being not only much narrower, -but alfo 
 pointed behind. 
 
 The LONG-HEADED BEETLE. Here are feveral of 
 them 5 all of a dun or blackifh brown. But that whereby 
 they differ from all other Beetles , is the fhape of the Head, 
 which, in proportion, is very long and flender. 
 
 The fmall PURPLE BEETLE. Of this fort here are 
 two fomewhat flat 5 and one thick and round. 
 
 The BLEW ROUND BEETLE. Viola. One as bigas 
 a Lady-Cote , but longer: the other near I an inch long 5 
 Both of a Violet colour. 
 
 The GREEN ROUND BEETLE, burmflfd with glo¬ 
 rious golden Rays. 
 
 The Round Chefhut BEETLE, not without fome Rays 
 of Gold. 
 
 It may be worth the trial, Whether any of the Gilded 
 fort of Beetles , are of the fame Nature with Spanijh Flys, 
 or may produce the fame eiicct, with lefs pain. 
 
 The SPIKED WATER-CLOCK. It feems to be that 
 which Aldrcruandus defcribcs (butvery imperfectly) under 
 the Name of Scarabeeus Aquaticus. Tis about two inches 
 long, and I over where broadeft. All over of a fhining 
 black: excepting, that his Eyes are brown 5 his Antenna, 
 tawny,his fore-Belly overlaid with a kind of Lemon colour’d 
 Velvet. On his Back, there is a triangular piece indented 
 
 between 
 
Part I. Of Infects, 
 
 lit 
 
 between the Wing-fhells. The Legs are much broken, 
 on the third Joynts, at leaft of four of them, grow a pair 
 of black (harp Prickles about the length and thicknefs of 
 the fling of a Bee. But that which is moll remarkable, is 
 a flrong and Iharp Spike or Needle which Hands horizon¬ 
 tally on his fore-Belly, and with its point towards the Tail. 
 
 His Wing-fhells are carry’d down confiderably below his 
 Belly: fo that being turned on his Back, he looks as if he 
 lay in a Boat. 
 
 By the fhape of the Wing-fhells, this Infeed feem's, like 
 the Notonecla (whereof prefently) to fwirn on his Back. 
 
 In which poflure, in cafe of an approaching enemy, the 
 aforefaid Needle is alfo ready for his defence; 
 
 The Great Englijh WATERCLOCK. Hydrocanthanis 
 major Anglicus. Defcribed (a) and figur’d (b) by Moufet. ( a ) Lib. i. 
 It comes near, in bignefs, to the former; as alfo in fhape 5 c ff, f 
 but hath no Needle, neither are the Wing-fhells below the cn j J the 
 Belly. That part moll obfervable in him, is his Eye, which Second Eook 
 is of a curious bright colour, almoft like a Butterflys. 
 
 Another Water-Clock ed the fame Species. 
 
 The fmall brown Water-Clock : ’Tis flat and narrow, 
 and I of an inch long. 
 
 The fmallefl Water-Clock , Scarce bigger than a Sheep- 
 Tick, all over of a fhining black. 
 
 Thefe In feels make ufe of their hinder Feet inflead of 
 Oars. They are feldom or never feen in the day, excepting 
 in the Water , which they leave 111 the night, and fly up and 
 down, (c) (c) Moufet, 
 
 The BOAT-FLY. Notonella. Defcribed by Moufet , lll) - '■ c - 2 3 - 
 but very briefly, (pi) A Water-Infeff, 111 fhape like that ^ Lib. a. 
 which lives in Cuccow Spittle, but fix times as big, fc. * of c -5 8 - 
 an inch long. The upper Wings are opacous and thicker 
 before 5 at their hinder ends, where they lap over, tranfpa- 
 rent and extream thin, like the Wing of a Fly. 
 
 He fwimsfeath Moufet, (e) contrary to other Creatures,on his CO Lib. 2, 
 Back ; And the fhape of his Back feems to favour it, being c ' 3 
 very like the bottom of a Boat. Nor do Ins hinder Legs, 
 which are thrice as long as the former, unaptly referable a 
 pair of Oars. 
 
 The Great WINGED PUNEE. Cimex fylvefim alatus 
 major. Moufet (/) hath given three good Figures of this (f) Lib. r. 
 
 Z 2 Kind, c ' 2? ' 
 
172 
 
 Part 1. 
 
 Kind, but fcarce defcnbes them. All the Species agree, 
 in having a very fmall Head, broad Shoulders, a Pyra¬ 
 midal Back-piece, and the upper Wings fomewhat like as 
 in the Boat-Fly, fc. half Cruftaceous and half Membranous. 
 This, is almoft i of an inch long, near i an inch broad. 
 His Shoulder and Back-Pieces yellow, fhining and rough 
 call. The fore half or crufty part of the upper Wings "of 
 a ruffet, the Membranous of a fad green. The Belly ftraw 
 colour’d and Chefnut, and divided into federal Sections 
 with black Lines, half of them meeting at the ridge of the 
 Belly. 
 
 The SPIKED PUNEE. In proportion longer and nar¬ 
 rower than the former. The Back ruffet, brown and black. 
 The Belly, alhcn. Where, that which is molt obfervable, is 
 a Ihort, flat, and veryfharp Thorne or Spike ftanduig level, as 
 in the Spiked Water-Clock but with the point the quite 
 contrary way, fc. towards the Head. 
 
 The HIGH-SHOULDER’D PUNEE. He is otherwife of 
 the lhape and bignefs ofthe former : all over of a brown or 
 dun colour, efpecially the Membranous parts of Ins 
 Wings. 
 
 The SQUARE-WINGED PUNEE. Scarce I of an inch 
 long, and almoft as broad. Partly colour’d with a Ihming 
 black, and three fpots of white on each fide. 
 
 Another Square PUNEE, with the Cruftaceous part of 
 the Wings ruffet. 
 
 The SHORT-WING’D PUNEE. In which rcfpcct 
 chiefly, it differs from the former; the Wings being m 
 thofe prolonged to the end of the Tail 5 here, but half 
 way. 
 
 The LONG-PECKLED PUNEE. This kind, Moufet hath 
 pictur’d among the fmall Beetles 5 but by a miftake, it 
 being really a fort of Flying Punee , with Wings partly 
 Cruftaceous and party Membranous, which is their Cha- 
 ractenftick. The Shoulder-piece, Back-piece, Sides, Belly, 
 and crufty part of the Wings, are all red befpeckled with 
 black fpots j the Membranous part, dun and fpeckled with 
 white. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
ART 
 
 I. 
 
 Of Infers 
 
 l 73 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 OF CREEPING INSECTS. 
 
 T He SMALLEST ANT or EMMET. When well 
 grown, they are then hardly bigger than a good big 
 Flea. In Barbados , faith Ligon , there is a larg fort of Ants, 
 that build their Ncfts, with Clay and Lome, again!! a 
 Wall or a Tree, as big as Bee-Hives , and divided into 
 feveral Cells, (a) Of the Ingenuity of this Infeli, fee divers O ) Hig. 
 Relations in the fame Author, (b) They are exceeding nu- 
 merous throughout all India. So that they are forced to fet 
 the feet of their Cupboards and Cherts in Cifterns of Water 
 to preferve their Cloaths and Victuals (c) from them. w Lillchot . 
 
 Of their Kinds, and Generation ; as alfo their ufe for p- 8o - 
 feeding of Pheafants and Partridges , fee fome Obfervations 
 in the Phil. Tranf. (d) Communicated by Dr. Edmund MN. 23. 
 King. Of their Nature, fome others in the fame Tranf all. 
 
 (e) Communicated by Mr. Ray from Dr. Hulfe and w Ni d 4 - 
 Mr. Fijher. The former obfervmg, amongft other parti¬ 
 culars, That the Liquor which they fometimes Jet fall from 
 their Mouths, droping upon the blew Flowers of Cichor.y , 
 immediately gives them a large red ftain; and fuppofeth, 
 it would produce the like 111 other blew Flowers. The latter. 
 
 That not only the Juyce, but alfo the Dilfill'd Water or 
 Spirit of this Infett will produce the fame effect, &c. 
 
 Amongft which, Mr. Ray mixeth fome Notes of his 
 own. 
 
 The Liquor of Ants is commended by Schroder (f) for ( f ) Plwr - 
 a moil excellent Opkhalmick, mac ‘ 
 
 The BAHAMA-SPIDER. It is of the Tarantula kind, 
 and may be called Phalangium maximum Indicum 5 being 
 the biggeft of all the Species fc. two inches long. Defcribed 
 by Wormius , and others. He hath fix Eyes, not fo big as 
 the fmalleft Pins head. They ftand not in a circle, as repre- 
 fented by Laet, Wtormius , Pifo , and Olearius , but two and 
 two on each fide, and two betwixt them tranfyerlly, 
 thus He hath two ftrong black Ihining Teeth, like 
 crooked Claws, {landing parallel, and with their points 
 
 downward, 
 
174 
 
 Of Infests. 
 
 ART 
 
 i 
 
 (a) Pifo,Hift. 
 
 N. 1 . 5. 
 
 (b) Ibid. 
 
 (e ) Barlii 
 Res Brafil. 
 p. 224. 
 
 (d) Philof. 
 Tranf. N. 40. 
 
 Ce) Hill. An. 
 lib. 9. c. 3?. 
 
 ("/) Lib. de 
 Araneis. 
 
 (g) Job. de 
 Laet. I.15. 
 e. 6 . out of 
 Lerius. 
 
 (h) Schrod. 
 Pharm. 
 
 (/) Foterius. 
 
 downward, above i an inch long by the bow. Thefe 
 Teeth being fet in Gold, arc ufed (a) by fome for Tooth- 
 Pickers. Being vexed, they llrike with a Sting fo very 
 fmall, as it is hardly vifible. (£)*They will live feveral 
 Months without eating any thing. 
 
 The Nbanduguacu, a great Spicier in Brafile (V)fo called, 
 is probably oi the fame Species. - 
 
 The TOOTH of the NHANDUGUACU or Bahama- 
 Spider. 
 
 The WEB of a Bermuda-Spider. Itisfo ftrong, as to 
 fnare a Bird as big as a Thrujh. (d) Tis here wound upon 
 a Paper like Raw-Silk. 
 
 Spiders , faith Ariftotle , (e) call their Threads, not from 
 within,as an Excrement ,as Democritus would have it,but from 
 without, as the Hijlrix doth his Quills. Of the fpining of 
 Spiders , and the reft of their Hiftory, fee the curious Ob- 
 fervations of Mr. Lyfter. (/) 
 
 The CLAW of a SCORPION. ’Tis long and (lender, 
 and belongs to the firft Species defenbed by Moufet. 
 
 A thick and fhort CLAW of a Scorpion, belonging to 
 the third Species in Moufet. 
 
 The TAIL of another, with the Sting at the end, 
 which is a little crooked, and as fharp as that of a Bee. 
 The other parts of all three are broken off and loft. 
 
 In the Mufcum Cofpian: is the Figure of a very large 
 Scorpion , three times as big as I find any where, yet faid by 
 Lorenzo Legati, to be drawn after the life. 
 
 This Inf eel aboundeth \n Brafile. Thofe that are ftung 
 with them, fuffer extraordinary pains for about twenty four 
 hours, but feldorn die upon it. (g> 
 
 Of Scorpions are prepared, Oleum Compos. Magnum, 1. e. 
 Matthioli, Sanguineum (b) Magni Ducts , Is 01 . Scorp. pur¬ 
 gation. (i) 
 
 The GRFAT GALLY-WORME. Scolopendra. De- 
 feribed both by Moufet and Aldrovandus: but yet lmper- 
 fcc'tly. Neither is this here entire. Yet thus much remains 
 Obfervable of the Feet j That each of them is armed, in 
 the room of Claws, with three, four, or five Needles, of 
 different thicknefs and length; fome of them above I of 
 an inch long; of a black {hming colour like the Sting 
 of a Bee, and equally iharp; in refpcct to which the 
 
 Figure 
 
way anfwer. Befides thefe, there are a great many more 
 on each fide, of the like fhape and bigncfs, but of the colour 
 of Copper or tarnifh’d Brafs. The Back and Sides are 
 fhagcl, the Belly fmooth or bald. He is about three 
 inches and Hong. 
 
 The Teeth of this Animal,are faid by all to be venimous. 
 And probably, all the Needles above deferibed, are fo 
 ltkewife. 
 
 The middle Bald GALLY-WORM. Julus glaber. They 
 have commonly betwixt forty and fifty Legs on a fide 
 anfwering to fo many cruftaceous Rings, with fome 
 refemblance to a Trirenm ; whence Moufet gives it the 
 Englijh Name. 
 
 Another Bald Gally-Worme, of a yellowifh colour, and 
 fewer Feet ; being the third fort mention’d by Moufet, 
 
 The SILK-WORME. Bombyx. The full Hiftory hereof 7 ”^ 
 
 while transformed into an Aurelia , and thence a Butterfly , 
 
 the Worme. And in the Butterfly , the Penis , Par aflat a and 
 Tefticles of the Male; and the Womb and Ovarium of the 
 Female. Particularly, of the Lungs, he faith, That the 
 SilkzWorm hath not only thefe, or Parts analogous, but 
 that almoft every Ring hath two pair, which are branched 
 out to all the other Parts abovcfaid : their feveral Orifices 
 being remarquable, by fo many little black Circles which 
 encompafs them, on the fides of the Worme. If any of thefe 
 Orifices be oiled over, fo as to exclude the Aer, the Parts 
 to which they belong, prefently grow Paralytic A, and if 
 all, the Worm will die within the fpace of a Pater Nofler. 
 Of the Medulla Spinalis , he faith to this purpofe, That, 
 from the Head to the Tail, there are about thirteen large 
 Nodes therein ; which he conceives to be, as it were, fo 
 many little Brains; the Worme having no vifible Brain 
 
P A R. T I. 
 
 A very large Aurelia and Slough of a SilkWorvie. Mou- 
 fet affirmeth, That in the Tranfmutation of the Worme 
 into a Fly , the Head of the Worme makes the Tail of the 
 Fly ; and the Tail of the Worme the Head of the Fly. But 
 Sigh Malpgbius makes no mention hereof; neither is it any 
 way likely to be fo. 
 
 Two BAGS of the Virginian SilkWorme. They are of 
 an Afh-colour, and about the bignefs of a Pullets Egg. 
 Of exceeding thicknefs, thrice as thick as the (hell of a 
 Hen-Egg. it feems not to be one entire piece of Work, 
 but compofed of feveral Skins one within another, woven 
 by fo many Worms , ready for fpining, one after another. 
 And accordingly, in each Bag, being opened, I find four 
 Aurelias. 
 
 The RED or CRIMSON CATERPILLER. Vinula. 
 So called, becaufe, while living, his Body is dyll all over 
 fa) Lib. 2. a deep Claret colour. See Motifet hereof, [a) 
 cap ' 2 ‘ The YELLOW-CATERPILLER. ErucaJlavefcens. Both 
 this and the two former are all fmooth or bald. This is alfo 
 mention’d by Moufet. 
 
 The PALMER-WORM. Ambulo. For that he hath 
 no certain home, or diet, but pilgrims up and down every 
 where, feeding upon all forts of Plants. In refpcct of his 
 great ibag, called alfo 1 he Bearworme. 
 
 EARTH-EGGS. About the bignefs of Nutmegs , and 
 fomewhat Oval. So called, becaufe made of Earth by fome 
 fort of Caterpillars or other Infecl, for their Nefts, wherein to 
 breed under ground. 
 
 (bj L.2.C.37. The SQUILL-INSECT.Defcribed by Moufet.(b) So called 
 from fome fimilitude to the Squill-Fijh : chiefly, in having 
 a long Body cover'd with a Cruft compofed of feveral 
 Rings or Plates. The Head is broad and fquat. He hath 
 a pair of notable fharp Fangs before, both hooked inward 
 like a Bulls Horns. 
 
 (c) Cap. 38. The WATER-SCORPION. Moufet (c) figures three 
 forts; to the third of which, thisanfwers. He defcribes it 
 not. Nor can I well, being glewed to a Paper with the 
 Belly upward. But it may be eafily known by its pointed 
 Tail. He hath four Legs, and two Arms or Claws, be¬ 
 twixt which a very fmall Head. He’s about I of an inch 
 long. 
 
 The 
 
Part I. 
 
 Of Infe&s . 
 
 *77 
 
 The SHARP-TAIL’D SEA-LOUSE. Pediculm mar inns 
 cauda acuta. Moufet [a) defcribeth a nlnfett by the Name 001^38, 
 of Pediculm marinus. But with a bunched, not a taper’d 
 Tail, nor with long nodous Horns, like this. ’Tis about 
 an inch and 1 long, and ■ inch broad, compos’d of feveral 
 fhelly Plates, like the Afellus or Wood-Loufe , with as many 
 Feet on each fide. 
 
 ANOTHER,with a Tail of four Spikes or Briftles,about 4 
 of an inch long, thick as a fmall Needle, lharp, and fpread 
 horizontally. 
 
 OSCABIORN. An Infect fo called in the Danijh- Tongue, 
 the name fignifies as much as Zhfm Voti , or the Lucky Bear 5 
 Becaufe the people commonly believe, That he who for a 
 good while holds a certain Stone or Body contained in it 
 under his Tongue, fhall enjoy his Wiih. It is ufualjy found 
 adhering to a kind of Afellus or Cod-Fijh in the Ifland-Sea, 
 to which it is very troublefome. This account together with 
 the Infeci it felf were fent hither by Mr. 0 laics Borrichius. 
 
 Not difagreeing from That which is deferibed in fomc fort 
 by Wormius ,by the fame Name: nor from That in Pifo ,called 
 by the Americans, Acarapitamba. Yet I find not the Figure 
 any where to anfwer to the Animafithe entire length where¬ 
 of,is about two inches and i The fore part Oval: whence 
 it narrows all the way to the Tail. Where broadefi above 
 * of an inch. Its fhelly Armor confifteth of about twenty 
 Plates,of a ftraw co lour: The Legs on each fide in number 
 anfwerable. The Eyes are moil curioufly latticed with crofs 
 lines,fo as to divide them into an infinite number of Rhombs. 
 
 He feemeth to have notable fharp Chifell-Teeth, whereby 
 partly he becomes fo troublefome to his Bearer. The other 
 parts are loft. (b) DcInf< 
 
 The SEA-HORSE-LEECH. Hirutdo w<2«';;/?jJ3cfcnbed c. 7. 
 by Rondeletius. (b) He hath a harder Skin, thinthe Poole- 
 Horfeleech: for which caufe, he cannot dray'up himfelf CO ibid, 
 fo round, but exerts and contracts his Head and Tail 
 only, (c) 
 
 A WATER-WORME. Lumbricus Aquaticus. Not four 
 inches long: but doubtlefs flirank up much when it died. 
 
 The HAIR- WORME. Vermis Setarius. Given by 
 Mr. Mailing. Tis little thicker than a Horfe-Hair or a 
 Hogs Brittle; Of a light Flelh-colour 5 and about ? of a 
 
 A a foot 
 
178 
 
 Part t 
 
 Of Infects. 
 
 foot in length. Tis commonly believed, but erronioutly, 
 that this fort of Inf eel is nothing but a Horfe-Hair animated. 
 By fome, that they are bred out of Locufis. See Aldrovandus 
 hereof. But especially the Obfervations of Mr. Lyfier in 
 («)N. 83. the Phil. Tranf. ( a ) who found them in the Belly of a kind 
 of black and not uncommon Beetle 5 in fome one only, in 
 others two or three together: of all which he hath feveral 
 Remarques. 
 
 Whether there are not a fort of Eggs firft laid by fome 
 Animal upon the Beetles Breech, which being hatched eat 
 their way into his Belly, may be a Queftion. And therefore, 
 whether the like Worries , may not fometimes be alfo found 
 in the Bellies of Locufis. 
 
 A SEA-WORME NEST. Tis a piece of TUBULATED 
 WOOD f, part of the Jheatbing of a Ship. Brought in, 
 by Wormius, improperly amongft Woods, as not being 
 naturally Tubulous, but made fo by a fort olSea-Wormes 3 
 deferibed by Rondeletius , and out of him, by Aldrovandus 
 and others. The Tubular Holes are numerous, of that 
 width as to admit a Swans-Quill , very round, equally wide, 
 and winding every way too and fro,fo as fome times to run 
 one into an other. Moft curiouily lined, or as it were 
 Wanfcoted with a white Teftaceous Cruft, of the fame 
 fubftance and tlucknefs with tliofe called Tub id 1 Marini. 
 
 
 PART 
 
 
Part II. 
 
 79 
 
 PART II- 
 
 Of Plants. 
 
 Sect. I. 
 
 OF TREES. 
 
 GHAP. I. 
 
 Of WOODS , BRANCHES , and LEAVES. 
 
 A Picce of LIGNUM ALOE, with its own GUM 
 growing upon it. Given by the Honorable 
 Mr. Boyle. The tail of the Gum is perfectly like 
 to that of the Wood. The Colour, like that of the pureft 
 and moft lucid Aloe, called Succotrina: for with the light 
 reflected, it looks almoft like Pitch ; with the light tranf- 
 mitted, it gliders like a Carbuncle ; powder’d , it is of a 
 reddifh yellow. This, or forne other like Aromatic 4 Gum, 
 the. Aloe of the Hebrews : whence the other, from fimili- 
 tude, hath its Name. 
 
 The Tree is deferibed by Linfchoten 5 (a) about the M L ‘ b -1 
 bignefs o, the Olive. This Wood is the Heart of the Tree , c ' 1& ' 
 the outward part, commonly called the Sap of a Tree, 
 being whitijh andToft. ’Tis faid by Sir Philiberto Vernal ti, 
 
 I ly Refident in Java major , to yield a Milk fo a) Phil, 
 
 hurtful, that if any of it lights in the Eyes, it caufeth blind- 'W- n. 
 nels 5 or fcabbmefs, if on any other part of the Body. But 
 tins, doubtlefs, is to be underftood neither of the Heart 
 ^Lit only ot the Barque: there being no 
 Milk-Veirels in either of the former, that I remembj, in 
 any Tree, by me obferv’d. 
 
 A a 2 
 
 Of 
 
i8o 
 
 Of Plants. 
 
 Part II 
 
 (a) Linfch, 
 
 !. i. c. 7 6. 
 
 (b) Notae in 
 Garfiam. 
 
 (c) Lib. i. 
 c. 65. 
 
 (d) Phil. 
 Tranf. N. 43 
 
 Of this Tree there are two forts: (a) The bell, called 
 Calamba , and grows moil in Malacca and Sumatra. Much 
 ufcd in India for the making of Beads and Crucifixes. The 
 wilder, called Palo Daguilla , and grows nioft in Seylon and 
 Choromandel. With this, they burn the dead Bodies of 
 their Bramenes and other men of account,in token of honor. 
 See hereof alfo Jac. Bontius. (b ) 
 
 A piece of Indian-Wood, called GARON. Very oily ; in 
 colour, hardnefs and weight, like to Lignum Aloe. But 
 being held a little to the fire, hath a ftrong fragrant 
 fcent, much like to that of Cloves.: and feems therefore, 
 as well as by its Name, to be the Wood of the Clove-Tree. 
 The Clove-Tree is defcribed by Linfihoten. ( c ) Shaped like 
 a Bay-Tree. It grows in Amboyna and the Neighbour* 
 Iflands. The bell fort in Makian and 7 idor. 
 
 The BARQUE of the Tree LAWANG. Sent from 
 Java major , where it is fo called. Being well chewed, it 
 hath the felf fame Taft with that of S aJ/afras-Boxquc, fo 
 that, probably, the Tree is a Species of Sajfafras. 
 
 Part of an Arm of the STINKING-TREE 3 as it may 
 well be called: for it naturally frnells like the llrongelt 
 humane excrements, efpccially, as upon the emptying of 
 a Houfe of Office. It grows in the Hies of Solon and Timor, 
 from whence Sir Philiberto Vematti procur’d it and fent it 
 to this Mufaeum. (d) Where, though" it hath now been 
 preferved many years, yet feems to give as full and quick a 
 fcent as ever. Yet in burning, it yields no fmell 3 as do 
 Lignum Aloe and fome other Woods. ’Tis ponderous, 
 hard, and of the colour of Englifb-Oak 3 and as that, hath 
 large Aer-Vefels 5 yet but few. I (hould have conjectur’d, 
 that this Wood belong’d to the Tree called Ahovaj, which 
 hath a (linking fmell, but that this is faid to be the more 
 odious when it burns. 
 
 A piece of SERPENT-WOOD. Lignum Colubrinum. 
 There are divers forts of Woods fo call’d. Tins here is 
 different from all thofe Species defcribed by Garfias, and 
 out of him by J. Bauhinus. Yet comes neareft to the 
 Second. ’Tis above three inches in Diametre, the Barque 
 thin, the Wood folid, more than that of Pear-Tree. Of a 
 very bitter Taft 3 efpecially when reduced to powder. 
 
 A piece of an other fort of SERPENT-WOOD. Within 
 
 of 
 
Part II. 
 
 Of Plants. 
 
 181 
 
 of a pale yellowifh colour. Full of great Aer-Vejfels. 
 
 And alfo very bitter, as the former. 
 
 They grow in divers places of the Eaft-Indies , as in 
 Seylon , istc. And have their Name from one of their efpe- 
 ciah Ufes, being an excellent Remedy (a) againft the (a) Linfch. 
 Bitings of Vipers and other venemous Serpents. They are 1- I,c- 75 - 
 alfo,faith Bontius , given in India againft Intermittent Fevers. 
 
 From whence, and their bitter Taft, one may guefs, That 
 they are either of kin to the Tree whereof the PuIvm Pa- 
 trum ; or might give occafion, to fomc who have been in 
 both the Indies , to find out the Virtue of it. 
 
 The WOOD of a Tree of Angola , there call'd Tacufa. 
 
 Tis very folid and ponderous, like that of the Lignum 
 vita, and with a blackifh grain. 
 
 Another fort of Angola-Wood by the Inhabitants called 
 CHICENGO. ’Tis fomewhat hard and ponderous, and of 
 the colour of Spanijh-Oak. Being power’d, it hath a bit- 
 terifh Taft. Both thefe Woods, may be of the like ufe with 
 the former. 
 
 Part of the Trunk of a young MOUNTAIN CAB- 
 BIGE. Sent from Jamaica by Mr. Sam. Moody to the 
 Author. Now it is dry and ilirunk in, not above a foot 
 and I in compafs. Confifteth of a great number of very 
 thin fibrous Rings or Tubes one within another, now, by 
 the fhrinking up of the pithy parts, diftinct. 
 
 ’Tis faid by Mr. Stubs (b) who lived for fome time in . 
 
 Jamaica , where this Tree grows, That it is one fort of 
 Palm-Tree. It grows alfo in Barbados : where, as it was 
 confidently reported to the fame Perfon, there was one 
 about three hundred feet high, i. e. about thirty yards 
 higher than the great Tioriikisam Pillar in this City called 
 The Monument. The young tender Sprouts of one year, 
 are eaten both boyl’d and raw, and are both ways excellent 
 good meat. 
 
 The BARQUE of a kind of Pine-Tree in Nova Scotia. 
 Hereupon grow up and down many Knots, about the 
 bignefs of a Horje-Bean, hollow, and filled with a liquid, 
 clear, and fragrant Turpentine ; which, as it drops, the 
 Natives gather and ufe as the Balforn of Peru. 
 
 A natural KNOT of Wood of an Oval Figure, and 
 as big almoft as a Turfeys-Egg: the fibers whereof are 
 
 prettily 
 
182 Of Plants. Part II. 
 
 prettily waved by the tranfverfe eruption of feveral fmall 
 fprigs. 
 
 A fuppofed naturally entire RING of Wood, almoft 
 in the fhapeof a Womans Head-Roll, but not fo big as 
 now worn, about four or five inches Diametre. Wor- 
 miuA alfo mentions one in his Mufoaum like this, but fome- 
 what bigger. 
 
 PITT-WOOD. Lignum faffile. Colour’d like that of 
 the Cedar, but a little brighter. Smooth, light and foft 5 
 yet hath no confpicuous pores. Hath neither tail nor 
 fimell. Whence this was dig’d, is uncertain. But 1 nLan- 
 cajhire , and fome other places here in England.', the people 
 find the Bodies of large Trees at a good depth under¬ 
 ground, and which the poorer fort burn, being fplinter’d, 
 to fave Candles. 
 
 A BRANCH of a Tree, by fome called The COCK- 
 SLUR Tree. Perhaps more properly, Oxyacantha Ameri¬ 
 cana, or the AMERICAN HAWTHORNE. I meet with 
 it no where deferibed or mention’d. This Branch is an 
 Eln long, without any appendent Branches. An inch 
 Diametre. Of the folidity of Hawthorne-Wood. Encom- 
 palTed with great Thornes alternately placed on every fide, 
 fo afeending, as every two Thornes on the fame fide are 
 about four inches and I one above another. Molt of 
 them about 1 ; inch, fome an inch and I long, of the thick- 
 nefs of a large Cocks-Spur, and very ftrait. Not meerly 
 Cortical, as the Thornes of Rufous, Goofeberry , and the like 5 
 but Lignous or Woody, as thofeof Hawthorne. 
 
 A BRANCH with a great WEN. It feems to be of 
 the Hawthorne. The Branch, not above an inch in com- 
 pafs j the Knot or Wen, almoft? pf a foot. ’Tis tuberous 
 and fpiked. So that it feems to be made by the cafual 
 eruption of feveral iturdy Buds together, which having 
 begun the draught of the Sap, it ftill continu’d to fwell 
 the Knot, after they were fain off And it is probable, 
 that Animal-Wens are then produced, when two or three 
 fprigs of a Nerve bigger or more than ordinary, fhooting 
 into a part of a Mufcle, do thereby more invigorate it, 
 and fo make it capable of a more copious nounfhment. 
 
 Another tuberous Knot like the former. There is one like 
 h'k - 2 ‘ thefe m the Mufceum Cofpianum. (a) 
 
 A little 
 
Part II. 
 
 185 
 
 Of Plants. 
 
 A little Oaken BRANCH with a great WEN growing 
 round about it. Tis above a foot incompafs, as big as a 
 midling Bowl. 
 
 A WARTED-BRANCH. Tis of Oak, about as thick 
 as ones middle Finger 5 the Warts the bignefs of Hade- 
 Nuts. 
 
 Another BRANCH with four or five great Warts or 
 W°.ns upon the fides. Wormius, who hath one like to thefe, 
 not of Oak., but Hafle, calls it Lignum Strumofum. 
 
 An Oaken BRANCH permitted to grow for fome time, 
 after the Barque had been cut round about to the Wood. 
 
 By which means, that part of the Branch above the Cutis, 
 is grown much thicker, than that underneath ; the one 
 being little, more than an inch about, the other almoft two 
 inches. Neither is it only the fwelth of the Barque, but 
 the Wood it felf is augmented. An Experiment lately 
 made by Sig r . Malpighi • and may feem an argument for 
 the Circulation of the Sap. In what manner the Circulation 
 of the Sap is performed, Specially in the Root, the Author 
 of this Catalogue hath fome years fince explicated, (a) ( a ) in his 
 
 A piece of a BRANCH naturally lhaped like a Perns, ?A f°J 
 with a pair of Tefticles annexed. Wormiws hath one like to f" Iis>C ap- 
 this, which he calls Lignum Inverecundum. 
 
 A WINGED-BRANCH of AJh. About two feet and i 
 long, and fubdivided into two lelfer. Where the divifion 
 begins, the Barque is fpread out from the Wood for the 
 breadth of above an inch, and of the thickncfs of Sheeps 
 Leather, and fo joyns both the Branches together for the 
 length of about a foot. From thence they are perfectly 
 divided, and fo wind two feveral ways, almoft like a Rams 
 Horn 5 the Barque being fpread out all along to their ends: 
 yet only fo as to make them edged. The two ends, with 
 Buds like little Claws on the edges, look like a Seals Feet. 
 
 Wormius hath fome Branches, not of AJh, but Firr, which 
 feem in fome part anfwerable to this now defenbed. 
 
 A HASLE BRANCH feeming as if it were naturally 
 , TWISTED. But made fo by a Woodbind or fome other 
 Convolvulous Plant. In the Muf Cojpianum is fuch another 
 of Hawthorne. 
 
 A WILLOW BRANCH, winding to and agen, like a 
 Snake ,with fix or feven olofe flexures. A Figure not uneafily 
 given to a young Twig. ' A Pipe 
 
Part II. 
 
 184 Of Plants. 
 
 A Pipe made of a hollow BRANCH, and twilled into a 
 loofe Knot, in which one part of the Branch is incorpora¬ 
 ted with the other. 
 
 Two large BRANCHES incorporated in the form of a 
 St. Andrews Crofs. 
 
 Two lelfer, growing together in the fame form. 
 
 Two BRANCHES growing together in the form of 
 our Saviours Crofs. 
 
 Tis probable,That thefewere bound together (as may 
 be any other ) when they were young, and with the 
 Barque pared off, where contiguous 5 and fo, by a kind of 
 ingrafting, became coalefcent. 
 
 A PALMETO LEAF. Palmat humilis folium. 'Tis a 
 yard and 1 long. Hath about a hundred and forty Plates, 
 fevcnty on each fide the middle Rib, whereupon they are 
 all folded. Which Rib alfo diftributes it felf into Plates 
 towards the top of the Leaf. The. Plates are of feveral 
 bredths from ; an inch to an inch and i Molt of them 
 are now broken or torn afunder. But originally they 
 make all one entire piece, rudely imitated by a folding 
 Fan. 
 
 Thefe are the Plates, which both the Arabians and Indi¬ 
 ans make ufe of to write upon, by Impreffion with a 
 Style. 
 
 Part of another fort of PALM-LEAF. ’Tis ^ of a yard 
 long, and at one end feven inches broad: but rolled up, 
 and with the ends of the Fibers unwoven, fo as to look 
 like a Broom. Of a wonderful fublfance, in fome places ? 
 of an inch thick, and very denfe and ftubborn work. 
 Confiffeth of great and lcffer flat Fibers 3 and fmall round 
 ones 3 fomewhat alike as in the Palm-Net, whereof pre- 
 fently. 
 
 The Leaves of fome Palms , are ufed, where they grow, 
 for making of Garments, and thatching of Houfes. The 
 Country-People Tap the Wine-Palm about two feet above 
 the ground, and of the Liquor which runs from it, and 
 which they catch in Earthen YelTels, they make an excel- v 
 (a )Thevctus ] cnc wine called Mignol , like the White Champane. (a) 
 The fruitful kinds flourifh chiefly in APgypt and Syria: as 
 alfo in the hotefl: parts of the Indies 3 and in the 
 Canary-IJlands: amongft which, there is one called, 
 
 The 
 
P a it t II. Of Plants. 185 
 
 The Palm-IJland. ( a ) The barren kind in Tidy and M t Bauh> 
 Sicily. 
 
 The PALM-NET or BAG. The Tree which pro- 
 dneeth it called, Palma Saccifera. Whether Bauhinus 
 giveth this under the Name of Folium Nucis Indict, is 
 uncertain. If fo, both the Figure and Defcription are very 
 imperfect. 
 
 Some part of it hath been cut off both at the bottom 
 and on the fide ; yet is it above two feet long 5 at the bot¬ 
 tom a foot broad 5 from whence it tapers to the top. 
 Originally entire, like a taper’d Bag, commonly call’d 
 Hippocrates’s Sleive: but by fome mconfiderate hand cut 
 open on one fide. 
 
 ’Tis naturally fewed or woven together with admirable 
 Art. And yet not with more, than that which may be 
 obferved in every Plant; though not fo vifibly, and with 
 variation. There is a five-fold Series of Fibers herein. 
 
 The greateft of all fwell out above the reft, and like fo 
 many Ribs, are obliquely produced on both hands, fo as 
 to encompafs the Sack. Along each of thefe woody Ribs, 
 on the inlide the Sack, runs a frnall whitifh Line; which 
 feems to be a Thred or Fiber of Aer-Vej[els growing there¬ 
 to. Betwixt the faid large Ribs, there are others, as it were 
 leffer, parallally interjected. On the inlide a third Series 
 alfo obliquely produced, and tranfverjly to the former. 
 
 The fourth and fifth, conlift of the fmalleft Fibers,not only 
 tranfverjly produced, but alfo alternately from the outlide 
 to the inlide of the Sack, is vice versa. By which all the 
 reft are moft elaborately woven into one entire and ftrong 
 piece of Work. A Cover which Nature hath provided, 
 to protect the delicate Fruit of this Tree,from all the extre¬ 
 mities of the weather, and the ravine of Birds. 
 
 Another PALM-SACK or Net, almoft a yard long, and 
 made of different W ork. See one like to this in J. Baubi- 
 nm. (b) " o) L 3 . 
 
 About the Year 1 the Hollanders, faith Clufius, re- < " l l 6 ' 
 turning from America , in an Jjland there, by them called 
 Coronopes , found whole Woods of this Tree: and, probably, 
 then firft difeover’d the fame to Europe . 
 
 A LEAF of the ROCOUR-TREE. ’Tis near I afoot 
 long, four inches broad, the lower end Oval or Elliptiek, 
 
 B b pointed 
 
186 
 
 Part IL 
 
 Of Fruits. 
 
 pointed like a Spear. From the middle Fiber divers other 
 collateral ones (all prominent underneath) are produced 
 alternately , and at acute Angles. Tis fmooth on both 
 fides, and oi' an obfcure redilh colour. Of this Tree (which 
 I think grows in New-England ) is made a fort of red 
 powder,ufed for a dry colour ; but being wet, at lead:,mixed 
 with Oil, makes but a dull one. 
 
 CHAP. H. 
 
 Of FRZJITS j particularly fucb as are of the Apple : 
 Fear, and Plum-Kinds. 
 
 TO Art of a PRICKLE-APPLE. The Tree is infbme fort 
 of J. defcribed by Ligon. (a) The Frtut is remarkable for 
 I ; the feveral Tuffucks or Bunches of Thorns wherewith it 
 is armed all round about: each Bunch confiding of about 
 fix or eight Thorns$ feme of which dand erected, the red 
 couched down a little and crooked outward ; of feveral’ 
 lengths, from one inch, to above two ; altogether, if pull’d 
 off, fomewhat refembling a Jack, a long-legs. 
 
 A MALE-ORANGE of Chio, commonly called Sio. 
 
 A FEMALE-ORANGE of the fame Illand. 
 
 A CROWNED-ORANGE: that is, having an Orbicu¬ 
 lar Piece on the top. 
 
 A FRUIT like a little ORANGE : perhaps, Aracynap- 
 
 (b) Tom. 1 . pi Paludani 5 defcribed by J. Bauhinus. (b) This here is 
 
 crowned with a circle ot i an inch Diametre. 
 
 A fort of B A S T A R D-QUIN C E. Cotone after Gef- 
 
 (c) J. Bauh. n gri, (c) 
 
 An HERMAPHRODITE-LIMON, exhibiting the 
 pudenda of both Sexes. 
 
 A FRUIT ot BRASILE, probably defcribed in Baubi- 
 
 (d) Tom. 1. nits by the Name of Bras, (d) Of the bignefs and fhape 
 
 °f a little Limon. ’Tis now yellowifh, when frefh, likely, 
 of a golden colour. Filled with an innumerable company 
 of Seeds, which Bauh. deferibes not. They are almod 
 as hard as Stones, I of an inch broad, and flat, almod as the 
 feeds of Lillies. 
 
 An 
 
Part II. 
 
 Fruits. 
 
 18 7 
 
 An INDIAN FRUIT, having its furface ( now ) very 
 uneven, with Furrows and Knobs all round about. The 
 Furrows, ten. Both the Defcription and Picture hereof 
 taken by Bauhinus (a) from Platerus 5 But ill placed. Lib ' 3- 
 
 A Round Indian FRUIT with one end pointed, anda Cap-2 ° + ’ 
 
 ( now) granulated furface. Dcfcribed as I take it by Bank. 
 
 Ib ) With the Name of FruRus Peregrines orbicularis cufpi- ( D Llb - 3 - 
 datus . 
 
 The POLVILLERIAN-PEAR: becaufe cither it grows 
 molt about Polvilla in Alfatia, or was firft taken notice of 
 there. A very fmall fruit, (now) no bigger than a Nutmeg. 
 
 See Bauhinus. 
 
 The MOUNTAIN SERVIS. Sorbus Alpina. Chiefly 
 upon the Alps. 
 
 MYROBALANUS CHEBULA. The largeft and longeft 
 of all the five Kinds known 111 Shops. Next to which is the 
 Citrine, ■ aifo long. Then the Belliricks and Emblicks, but 
 both thefe are round. The Indian or Black , the fmalleft, 
 and long. The Stone of the Emblick Myrobalan, of a pecu¬ 
 liar angular Figure.' This, and the live Myrobalans are all 
 figur’d in Bejler. 
 
 The GREAT CITRINE MYROBALAN. A rare kind. 
 
 Inlhape like that which Bauhinus (c) gives by the Name (c) Lib. 2. 
 of Myrobal. Raumlfij ; but is much bigger, near two inches c- ' 9 ‘ 
 long, and above an inch and I over. 
 
 Myrobalans grow moft of them in Cambaia , Goa , and 
 Malabar ; Chebs, in Bifnagar and Bengala 3 Emblicks and 
 Belliricks , in Java 5 the Great Citrine , in Palejiine. 
 
 Thefe Fruits, lay Fallopius and others who have pur- 
 pofely made enquiry, are no where mention’d by any of 
 the ancient Greeks 3 but by the Arabian Phyfitians firit of 
 all. In the Countries where they grow, and may be had 
 frefh, they are doubtlefs ot good Medicinal ufe to the 
 Natives. But as they come over hither, they are moft 
 of them meer rubbifh, whereof, with the plenty of far 
 better Medicines,we have no need. The Chebs,Belliricks and 
 Indians, are Preferved with Sugar in India, and fent thence 
 into all the Neighbouring Countries. The Emblicks are 
 there ufed, as Sumach, Frc. for the tanning of Leather. 
 
 SEBESTEN, i. e. Fruclus Mixai. It grows naturally 
 in CEgpyt and Syria: And is alfo nourilhed in Italian 
 Gardens. Bb 2 The 
 
i88 
 
 Of Fruits. 
 
 Part If. 
 
 The JUJUBE ot Cappadocia. Bacca Zizipbi Cappado- 
 cicev. In ihape like the wild, but Idler, and fomcwhat redifh. 
 Of a dryilh fubftance, almoft like that of Hamhome-Berries. 
 The T ree well defcribed by Dale champ ins. It grows,to the 
 bignefs of the Willow ; efpecially in Syria and Etbyopia. 
 
 A Black round FRUIT of the Ihape and bignefs of the 
 large!! Red Cherries. Perhaps, Prunula Infana. 
 
 A STONED-FRUIT in Ihape and bignefs like a Quince. 
 TheFlelh or Pulp being now dryd and ihrunk, very thin. 
 It comprehends three very great Oval Stones , thin, and 
 brittle : in each of which is alfo included a Kernel of an- 
 fvverable bignefs. 
 
 An ORBICULAR STONE of an Indian-] 3 linn. Os 
 Truni Indici fere globulare. Of the bignefs of a midling 
 Wallnut , of a dark bay colour, knobed all round about, 
 extraordinary hard, at the bafe and top a very little pro¬ 
 minent. 
 
 Another GLOBULAR STONE. In Ihape and bignefs, 
 like the former, excepting, that the bafe is a very little 
 broader. Of a citrine or ftraw-colour. Hard as a Wall- 
 nut. Very uneven and rugedall round about, with fmall 
 furrows and holes intermixed. 
 
 A third GLOBULAR STONE. Yet fo, as to be divided 
 into five Valves or Sides, all ruged as in the firft, equally 
 hard, and of the fame bay colour. But not bigger than a 
 midlmg Cherry. 
 
 An OVAL PLUM-SONE. As big as a Pigeons^, 
 and of the fame Ihape. Somewhat rough , of an Iron 
 colour, and hard fubftance, but not very thick. 
 
 Another OVAL STONE. As big as a Hens Egg: and 
 almoft of the fame figure 5 faving that the Bafe is a little 
 blunter, the Cone or top a little fmaller. Of a bay colour. 
 Wonderful hard. Divided into five fides, ruged and un¬ 
 even, with a great many holes and deep furrows. The 
 Sides diftinguilhed by as many ftrait Fiftlires, beginning a 
 little above the Bafe, and thence prolonged towards the 
 Cone. Within each of which alfo grows a ftony, and as it 
 were toothed piece above an inch long. This, the Third, 
 and the Firft, are all of kin. 
 
 A LONG OVAL STONE. In length two inches, 
 and one inch over 5 ihaped like that of an Olive. Cover’d 
 
 with 
 
Part II. 
 
 Of Fruits 
 
 189 
 
 with a kind of Rraw-colour’ d Membrane. Under which, 
 ’tis all over unequal with furrows. Of a dark alh-colour 
 without 5 inwardly, whitiih. Exceeding hard. 
 
 Another LONG OVAL STONE. Naked or without 
 any Membrane. Much bigger than the former, being two 
 inches and I long, and an inch and * over. The furrows 
 alfo of this aremore, and deeper. 
 
 A THIRD of kin to the former, but far lefs, not much 
 bigger than the common Cornelian-Cherry. Thefe three 
 laft are all of kin. Not to be fuppos’d the elder and young 
 Rones of the fame fruit: for that they are all equally hard, 
 and therefore at their full growth. 
 
 A PLUM-STONE almoR like a Wallnut. An inch and 
 h long, half an inch broad at the Bafe, which is a little hol¬ 
 lowed in 5 in the middle an inch and K the top a little 
 fharp and prominent. It hath three fides, all uneven with 
 many furrows, and fomewhat deep. Of a ftraw-colour, 
 and very hard. 
 
 A STONE figur’d into a SPHiERICAL TRIANGLE. 
 Near two inches long. Hard, rough, and of a Wallnut 
 colour. The three fides unequal: one above an inch 
 broad, the others narrower; all united at acute angles, and 
 a little prominent. This Stone feems to belong to the 
 fruit which, together with the Tree, is defcribed in Laet 
 (a) by the Name of Totocke. 
 
 ANOTHER, of like Ihape, fubRance and colour with 
 the former. But much lefs 5 and ratably, broader 5 fc. 
 about an inch long, and as broad. ConfiReth of three 
 fides 5 whereof one the greatefl, and convex 5 the other 
 two almoR plain or level. 
 
 A STONE ANOMALOUSLY figur’d. Above two 
 inches long. One way, almoft two, over. Another, an 
 inch and f Of a dark citrine, and fomewhat rough, as 
 it were befprinkled all over with find. On one fide, flat- 
 tifh, but unevenly. On the other fwelling up into a double 
 Lip, very rough, and having a Fiffure running by the 
 length. 
 
 Another ODDLY figur’d Stone. Above two inches 
 long3 In the middle, two over. At the Bafe, in a manner, 
 an inch and i fquare, I an inch over at the top. AlmoR 
 
 (a) Defer. 
 Ind. Occ. 
 1. 17. c. 4. 
 
190 
 
 Part II 
 
 (a) Tom. I. 
 
 (b) Tom. 1. 
 p 328. 
 
 Of Fruits-. 
 
 A THIRD. Three quarters of an inch long 5 oneway, 
 I of an inch over3 another, i One fide, Concave; the 
 other, Convex. The Margin pinched out into a fharpe 
 edge. Of a dark bay. 
 
 A Great AIAMMEE-STONE. Two inches and i long, 
 an inch and > broad in the middle, flat, and fomewhat 
 fharp at both ends. Bauhinus gives the Defcription and 
 Figure hereof both out of Clufius , by whom it is called 
 Avellana Indica. 'Tis alfo curioufly figur'd in Calceolarias : 
 but with the fame Name. And with the fame, defcribed 
 by Matthiolus. All of them miftaking it for a Nut. 
 Whereas in truth it is the Stone of a kind of Fruit like a 
 great Peach, and bigger; in which there are commonly 
 two of thefe Stones. 
 
 A little MAMMEE-STONE. Defcribed by Clufius 
 with the nnftaken Name of Avellana Indica minor. And, 
 out of him, by Bauh. (a) 
 
 A ROUND MAMMEE-STONE. Of the fame colour 
 with the former; but that which is here the far greater part, 
 of an obfcure brown, and fomewhat uneven with a few 
 crooked furrows. The remainder and here the far left 
 portion, of a fhining bay. Tis of the bignefs of a good 
 large Walnut. 
 
 1 he Fruit grows in Jamaica, Barbados, and other parts 
 of the Weft-Indies. Of the flefh or pulp whereof, they there 
 make very good Conferves. 
 
 A NETTED-STONE. Defcribed by B aid Finns (b) with 
 the Title of Fruclus reticidato corio: miftaking it for a Nut. 
 The greater part of the Stone is of the fame fubftance with 
 that of other Plum-ftones. But over this is fpread a netted 
 Work of larg woody Fibers. It was brought from Guiney ; 
 but it grows alfo in Virginia. 
 
 Another WOODY STONE. A very great one; but 
 ratably Ihort, fc. two inches long, and two and I over, like 
 a midling Pippin. Very little Atony, but all its outer part, 
 at leaft, perfectly woody, or made up of a multitude of 
 woody Fibers. The largeft whereof are prolonged from 
 the Bafe to the Cone, affociated all along by Idler ones run¬ 
 ning betwixt them. 
 
 A Third WOODY STONE. Almoft of thefhape and 
 bignefs of a Pigeons-Egg. But a little compreffed. 'Tis 
 
 cover'd 
 
Part II. Of Fruits. 
 
 191 
 
 cover d all over with Liguous Fibers , fo extream clofely 
 woven together, that it looks as if it were all Wood. 
 
 Some of the greater run diredlly from the Stalk to the 
 Flower or top. So great a difference there is betwixt thefe 
 Indians Stones,and thofe of our Euro-paean Fruits,which have 
 very few/and mod not above two or three on the outfidc. 
 
 The STONE of the Brafilian Fruit called AND A. Wor- 
 mius hath given hereof but a bad Figure : but deferibes it 
 better. Yet with a miftaken Title, as if it were the entire 
 Fruit. Tis a very hard and great Stone, as big as a mid- 
 ling Bell-Peare, but a little compreffed: broad at the Bafe,and 
 fharp pointed, with fome refemblance to a Heart. The 
 Tides of the Shell of a wonderful thickncfs. Penetrated to 
 the Kernel with three great holes. 
 
 Amongft many obfervable Inftances of the Contrivances 
 Nature makes for the growth of the Seed, in whatfoever 
 Cover (a) it be included 3 this Stone is one. For being M See the 
 fo extraordinary hard and thick 5 it were impoflibfe the 
 Kernel within it (which is alfo great) fhoukl be fupplyed rimi - c - '■ 
 with Aer and Sap fufficient for its growth 5 were not thofe & uk ‘ 
 three great holes made on purpofe, for a plentiful admifhon 
 of both. 
 
 And as great an inftance it is of the feemingly wonder¬ 
 ful force of the Radicle , or that fmall and tender part of 
 the Kernel,which becomes the Root of the Plant 5 by which, 
 chiefly, the fides ot the Stone,thofe thick Walls,are made to 
 cleave afunder to make way for its defeent into the ground 
 But Time feems to do the fame thing here, as Celerity doth 
 in the St at era ; where a final! Weight fet at a greater 
 diftance from the Centre of gravity, will ballance a big¬ 
 ger t rat s nearer: becaufe, what it wants m bigtiefs, is made 
 up by the Celerity of its motion. So the Radicle of a Ker¬ 
 nel, haying though a flow motion, yet fome, and that 
 continu d, it is able in time to mafter a fturdy Body which 
 hath no contrary motion at all, but is at reft. 
 
 One 01 two of the Kernels, which arc as big as Dama- 
 jcene-Plums, both Purge, and fometimes Vomit. If taken 
 raw, they work roughly: but boyl’d and preferv’d with 
 Sugar, may be given to Children, (b) ( b) viCo. 
 
 Another POYNTED-STONE. A very great one: three 
 inches and a long, an inch and i over, one way 3 another 
 
 near 
 
192 
 
 Of Fruits. 
 
 Part -It 
 
 (a) Gariias 
 ab Horto. 
 
 near two inches. On one fide, very Convex 5 on the op- 
 pofite, almoft flat. The Bafe Oval 5 the top, prefently 
 lharpen’d into a point. Of a ruflct colour, very hard, 
 ruged, and having broad Furrows, moll of them running 
 by the length 5 out of home of which arife feveral woody 
 Fibers. 
 
 Another like STONE. Tis as big as a Pullets Egg. 
 On one fide more Convex, as the former. Of a rulfet 
 colour, hard and granulated. All over uneven with 
 many, though not very deep Furrows, divers whereof are 
 produced from the Bafe almoft to the Cone. 
 
 The faid Furrows, both in this and all the other Stones, 
 are to be undcrftood the Seats of woody Fibers , wherewith 
 they were originally fill’d up. 
 
 A TWIN Almond-Stone. 
 
 GUM LACK, naturally adhering to a fmall Branch of 
 its own Tree, called Ter Indie a 5 a fort of Plum-Tree grow¬ 
 ing ill Pegu, Martaban , and feme other parts, fometimes as 
 big as a WaUnut-Tree. (a) ’Tis generally agreed, That this 
 Gum is made, in Summer- time, by Winged-Aw/s, out of the 
 Tree it felf. Gar fiat, adds, as Wax is by Bees. How far 
 the Comparifon holds, requires examination. Inthe mean 
 time, ’tis moll likely, That thefe Ants finding the Sap or 
 Gum of this Tree agreeable for their food or other ufe, 
 and nibling the Barque to come at it, it thereupon iflues at 
 the Wounds they make. 
 
 The Indians make feveral forts of artificial Lacks, by 
 mixing this Gum with other Materials of all colours. 
 With thefe, all the turn’d Wood-Works 111 India and 
 China are wrought and burnilhed. Trochifci Dialacc#, a 
 Medicine formerly much commended, but now obfo- 
 lete. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
P A R. T II. 
 
 Of Fruits', 
 
 CHAP. Ill 
 
 Of CALIBASHES, and fame other li^e 
 Fruits. 
 
 T He Great OVAL CALIBASH. In length, almoft i of 
 a foot 5 above a foot and i in compafs. Its Figure 
 anfwerable to drat of a Hens-Egg,, one end, (c. the top, 
 being fomewhat fmaller than the other. Tis now of a 
 kind of tawny colour, or like that of an old Pomgranate- 
 Pill. About as hard as a Wallnut , and the fhell fomewhat 
 thicker. Originally fill’d (as may be feen by fome of them) 
 with a Pulp and a great number of Seeds, as is a Melon or 
 Gourd. Yet a Calibafb is the Fruit of a Tree. In fome fort 
 defcribed by Ligon. ( a) 
 
 The Middle OVAL CALIBASH. Of the fame tawny H tJifl. of 
 colour , as the former ; as alfo a little flenderer at the Earb ' p ‘ 7 * 
 top, than the bottom. In length four inches and *, and 
 3 and ^ broad; of the bignefs of a China Limon. It hath a 
 little round knob at the top, as big as a Great Pins Head. 
 
 The Seed, almoil of the colour, fizeand ihape of an Apple- 
 Kemel 5 faving that the top is Taped like the common 
 Picture of a Heart. 
 
 The little OVAL CALIBASH. Of alike colour with 
 the former, but ltaincd with fome black Spots. Three 
 inches and I long; two and I over; fomewhat bigger than 
 a Turleys-Egg. Of a perfect Oval,that is, with both the ends 
 cut by the fame Ellipfis, -yet both a very little prominent: 
 
 And the top apiculated, as in the former. It feems a kin 
 to the ( ucurbita Indica minor Taberna Montani ; and that 
 the faid Author miftook a Calibajh, fora Gourd. 
 
 An ORBICULAR CALIBASH. Of the Ihape and big¬ 
 nefs of a Jac/cBowl. 
 
 The halls oi an ORBICULAR CALIBASH, four inches 
 and 1 Diametre. 
 
 The Middle (b) FLAGON CALIBASH. Figur’d after a (b) See the 
 manner by Bauhinus with the miftaken Title of Cucurbita 
 Indica Lagenaria: it being not a Gourd, but the Fruit of a 'slffcbZ 
 Tree, as is abovefaid. It hath a Head and Belly divided 
 by a Neck, fomewhat refembling an old faihion’d Flagon. 
 
 C c The 
 
194 
 
 Part II 
 
 (a) Lib. i. 
 c. 42. 
 
 Of Fruits. 
 
 The Belly, about five inches and 1 long, and four and in 
 Diametre. The Neck, two inches long, and about an 
 inch over. The Head, about as long, and above an inch 
 and »over. Originally, ot a ftraw colour : but by the 
 Indians painted, after a rude manner, with a dull red. The 
 Shell very hard, and about a i of an inch thick. 
 
 The little FLAGON or BOTTLE CALI BASH. About 
 four inches and I long. The Belly,three inches over. The 
 Head, an inch and P The Neck, a little above an inch. 
 The Shell, at the top ot the Head above i of an inch 
 thick. 
 
 The PEAR-CALIBASH. In length about five inches, the 
 Neck fomewhat long and {lender, the Belly two inches and 
 1 over: fo as both in figure and bignefs to refemble the 
 Pear figur’d by Baubinus w ith the Name of Pimm Stran- 
 gulatorium. On one fide, colour’d with a light, on the 
 other with a deeper yellow. 
 
 A Double PEAR-CALIBASH. 
 
 A TRIANGULAR CALIBASH. ’Tis fmooth, and 
 black, fhaped like the Egyptian Cucumer, called Cbate. About 
 five inches long. The Neck triangular; whether naturally, 
 uncertain. From thence belly’d like a Pear 5 two inches 
 and * over. The ihell very hard, and as thick as of die 
 Flagon-Calibajh. 
 
 Thefe Fruits grow in Guiney 5 as alfo in Virginia., Barba¬ 
 dos, and other parts of the Weft-Indies. Where they are 
 ufed, either whole or cut through the middle, for Cups, 
 Dijhes, Bafons, Buckets, Flagons, Etc. according to their big¬ 
 nefs. The Natives fometimes line their infides with fome 
 kind ot Roftn (aswerofin Wooden-Cans) the better to 
 preferve the Liquor they put into them 5 which, if fpiri- 
 tuous, would otherwife either drench through, or loofe of 
 its ftrength. Whether the Rolin they ufe, be fuch as gives 
 no ill tall to the Liquor may be a query. 
 
 The BAOBAB. Abavi Clufij. Of affinity with the 
 Fruit by Scaliger called Guanabanus. Wormius , i think 
 miftakingly, makes it the fame. Tis well deferibed and 
 figur’d by Baubinus. (a) This is of the bignefs of a mid- 
 ling Pomecitrine, and of anfwerable fhape. Thefhellof a 
 good tlucknefs, but not very hard 5 of a kind ot dusky 
 green, and faced almoft all over with a velvet Dow?/. 
 
 When 
 
Part II. Of Fruits, 195 
 
 When frefh gather d, ’tis fill’d with a foft Pulp, and as it 
 fhould feem,much more juycy,than in the Calibafh. With¬ 
 in the Pulp is contained a great number of Seeds, or little 
 Stones, of the bignefs, and with fomewhat of the lhape, of 
 Indian Wheat. Befler hath a good figure hereof, repre- 
 fenting it cut open, to Ihew the Seeds. 
 
 The GREAT LONG BAOBAB. I meet with no Defec¬ 
 tion anfwering to this 5 p<?c/WTis in length ten inches,a foot 
 in compafs, being ratably much flenderer than the former, 
 and almoft Cylindrical. The upper end , made a lit¬ 
 tle flenderer5 the top of all, flat, and an inch and J 
 over. 
 
 The GREAT BELLY’D-BAOBAB. Much bigger than 
 the former, and no where defcrib’d, that I And. In length, 
 an inch above a foot 3 and above a foot and I in compafs. 
 
 Towards the upper end, belly’d. But the end it ielf pointed 
 almoft like a Limon. 
 
 The Baobab grows in the Ifland Zeilan , and in /Egypt. 
 Thejuyce hereof is of an acidulated Taft, very grateful: 
 of which the /Egyptians make much ufe, efpecially when 
 they travail, to quench their thirft. 
 
 The MACOCQUER. A Virginian Fruit, deferibed 
 by (a) Bauhinus. It feems to be of affinity with die Calibafh , 00 Tom. 1. 
 or perhaps a fmall Species thereof. It is of an Orbicular- 254 ‘ 
 Figure, and of the bignefs of a little Hand-Ball. Though 
 Clufius affirmeth ( b ) it to be fometimes four inches in (h) Exot - 
 Diametre. The fhcll is thin and brittle. Originally fill’d '' n ‘ c ‘ 1 u 
 with a foft and juvey Pulp, in which a great many Seeds 
 ot the colour and bignefs of an Apple-Kernel. 
 
 The Natives, having empty’d the fhells of the Pulp and 
 Seeds, and in the room hereof, put in fome little Stones, 
 ufe them as Rattles , wherewith to rejoyce upon any fpccial 
 Occafion. 
 
 The GENIPAT, Junipap , or Junipappeeyn'a. A Brafi- 
 lian Fruit fo called. Deferibed by Bauhinus. (c) And CO Tom. u 
 probably by Pifo with the Name of fanipaba. This alfo 253 ' 
 is a kind of little Calibajh. Of the bignefs of a Wallnut > 
 and almoft Oval 5 containing a Pulp and Seeds much like 
 thofe of the Macocquer. It grows upon a tall Tree. 
 
 The Natives ufe this Fruit againit Diarrheas. As alfo 
 to paint themfelves. They chew the Pulp, and then 
 
 C c 2 fqueezing 
 
196 
 
 Part II. 
 
 Of Nutt. 
 
 fqueezingthejuyceout, rub it upon their Body: asitdrys, 
 it turns to a blackifh blew. This they do, when they 
 vifit a Friend, or upon any folemn Occaiion, would be 
 fine. 
 
 Another FRUIT, of kin to the former, with a pointed 
 top. If was brought from Guiney. 
 
 O) Tome 1. A FRUIT refembling that deferibed by Bauhinus (a) 
 under the Name of Cbaramek Acojia. Yet this here, by 
 the reduction of the point or feat of the Flower to the 
 Bafe, a little flatifh. 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 Of NVTS, and Divers other Itfy Fruits. 
 
 T He JACAPUCAIO-NUT. A Weft-lndian Fruit. Both 
 this and the Tree tolerably well deferibed by G. Pifo, 
 (b) Hift. N. (b) It is about the bignefs of a Boys Head of ten or twelve 
 ind, years old, fomewhat oblong, with a circular Ridge toward 
 the top. Now all over, without and within of a dark or 
 blackifh colour. The fides extraordinary warm, being an 
 inch thick. Within, divided into four Quarters. In each 
 of which (faith Pifo ) are contained about thirty Kernels. 
 But here they are wanting. Deferibed alfo in part, and 
 (c) Hiftor. figur’d, in Calceolarims Muf<x.um, out of Jof Acojia (f) by 
 Ind. lib. 4. t ] lc jq ame 0 f Amygdala dell’ Anidi. 
 
 Of thefe Kernels, much bigger than Almonds , the Na¬ 
 tives make both Medicines,and pleafant Meats. Sometimes 
 the Fruit of one Tree,hath ferved to Victual a whole Camp. 
 Thofe that fall are, with leave, greedily devoured by 
 the Cattel. Of the Timber of the Tree, are made the 
 Rowls of Sugar-Mills 5 as being tougher , or otherwife 
 fitter for that purpofe, than other Woods. 
 
 Another of the fame NUTS of equal bignefs. 
 
 The COVER of the find NUT. A like colour d, and in 
 fhape almoft like a MuJhroon. When the Nut is ripe (which 
 always hangs down) this Cover, with the leaf! fhake, falls out, 
 and the Kernels after it, into the Laps of the Natives. 
 
 One half of the MALDIVE-NUT 5 called Coccus de Ma~ 
 
 ladiva. 
 
Part II. 
 
 Of Nuts. 
 
 1 97 
 
 ladiva. Tent are are, in the Language of the JJland. Defcribed 
 by Cbioccus (a) out of Clufim and Garcias ab Horto 5 and well (*) Mufeum 
 figur’d. Pifo (b) alfo hath the Defcription and Figure,toge- Mauriffe 
 
 ther with a prolix Difcourfe hereof. They are faid to be Aromatics, 
 no where found, except upon the Sea-fhore. Nor is the c ‘ ip ' 
 
 Tree it felf to be feen any where in the JJland. The entire 
 Nut , fomewhat like a double Box, or a pair of Panniers. 
 
 This half, about a foot long, and near i a foot broad 5 a 
 kind of half Oval 5 yet flat on that fide, where the two halfs 
 are conjoyn’d. Thefhell about nb of an inch thick, and 
 as hard as that of a Coco-Nut. As black as a Coal. This 
 is empty 5 but originally they contain a certain white Pulp, 
 of no great Taft. 
 
 Of this Pulp both the People and Princes of Malabar 
 have a high opinion, as if of great Virtue againft mod 
 Difeafesjefpecially in cafe of Poyfon,or Eplepick_ and other 
 like Affections. So that fometimes they value them at about 
 five and twenty pounds a Nut. ’Tis alfo highly com¬ 
 mended for the fame purpofes, by Pifo, both from the ex¬ 
 perience of others, and his own. They fometimes make 
 Drinking-Cups of the Shells, and tip them with Silver or 
 Gold-Plate. ’Tis Death for any to be known to take up 
 any of them 5 becaufe thofe things that are call upon the 
 fhore, are the Kings. 
 
 The COCO-NUT. The Fruit of a very tall Tree, 
 both in the Eaft and Weft-Indies, growing only upon the 
 top of it. Mention’d by many Writers of Natural Hiftory, 
 but not by any one diftinftly deferib’d. As by one fent 
 mefrefh by Mr. Sam. Moody from Jamaica, I had the op¬ 
 portunity to obferve. Here are three of them entire. The 
 bigeft whereof is about a foot in length, and one and * in 
 compafs. With three fides, one whereof more flat 5 bel¬ 
 ly’d in the middle, and fomewhat Conick at both ends 5 
 fo that it is a kind of Sphasrical Triangle. The Husk or 
 outmoft part of the Nut on the Tides, about an inch thick 5 
 at the Corners, an inch and 7 5 almoffwholly confifting of 
 tough woody Fibers ; fo that being cut tranfverjly , it looks 
 like a ftiff Scrubbing-Brufh. Next within this Fibrous Part, 
 lies the Shell, brown, hard, and brittle, like a Plum-Stone 5 
 the 7 of an inch in thicknefs 5 about three inches Diametre, 
 and of an Oval Figure, not much unlike that of an 
 
 Oftriches, 
 
198 
 
 Of Nutt. 
 
 Part II- 
 
 Oftriches , or fometimes a Caffowarys-Egg. Yet fo, as 
 always to be Trivalvom , i. e. compofed ol three Sides or 
 Plates joyned together by the length of the Shell 5 one 
 Side being commonly much bigger than either of the 
 other two. At the Bafe of the faid Shell, are always like- 
 wife three confpicuous Holes, by which originally are ad¬ 
 mitted a confiderable number of Fibers into the Concave 
 of the Shell. Next within the Shell is a thin, dry and Mem¬ 
 branous Coat, branched or veined all round about with 
 a great number of Fibers , chiefly for the conveyance of 
 Sap. Within this Veiny-Coat, lie’s a foft, white, 
 thick and Oval Body, commonly 5 but falfly, fuppofed to 
 be the Kernel: it being only the Cover next or immediate 
 thereunto. In thicknefs about I an inch, and ot a fweet 
 and pleafant tail. This Body, while the Nut is yet unripe, 
 is filled full with a very limpid and fwectifh Liquor , which, 
 in the Nut I had fent me,was in all about I a pint: all con¬ 
 veyed from the faid fibrous Coat, and filtred through this 
 thick foft Body. Out of this Liquor, the true Kernel is in 
 time produced: the Liquor diminilhing, as the Kernel in- 
 creafes, in the fame manner, as in an Egg, the White wafts, 
 as the Chicken grows. Or as, indeed, in the Seeds of all 
 GO Seethe pl ants w hatfoe V er, ( a ) which are not meerly Metaphon- 
 Book°o/ rl cally, but really fomany Eggs (like thofe of many Ani- 
 vunts, Cap. nuls) without a Yelk. 
 
 Letting this Liquor ftand in a Bottle, corked up, for 
 fome months; although at Jfirft as clear as Rock-water, yet 
 was it not only grown very fetid, but being after left open 
 for fome time, did let fall a Sediment above ^ an inch thick. 
 Arguments of its being impregnated with a fufficient ftorc 
 of feminal Principles. 
 
 And as no Animal Egg is vital without the Male: fo 
 neither is this Liquor,without the above-fud Fibers ; which 
 communicate their prolific f Venue to the fame. Amongft 
 which Fibers , being many Aer-Vejfels , they alfo ferve for 
 the hardening of the Shell. As in like manner do all thofe 
 that compofe the outward brufhy part of the Nut. Eor 
 were the Shell not only fill’d with fo great a quantity of 
 Liquor; but alfo, as in many Fruits, furrounded with a 
 juyey Pulp 5 betwixt both, it would remain a foft Paren- 
 chyma (as all vegetable Stones at firft are) and never, or not 
 foon enough, harden into a fhell. For 
 
Part II. 
 
 Of Nuts. 
 
 tor the more eafie and convenient eruption of the Radi¬ 
 cle , the Shell is not one entire piece, but divided into 
 three (as are moll Seed-Covers into two or more) diftindt 
 Plates 5 which gradually cleave afunder, to give way to the 
 defcent of the Paid Radicle into the ground. 
 
 Two more LONG COCO-NUTS, fomewhat lefifthan 
 that now defcrib’d. 
 
 A THIRD, about as long, but much flenderer. Of the 
 rounder kind, there is a good Figure in Be tier ; as alfo of 
 the Shell. 
 
 A LONG OYAL COCO-SHELL. About 1 a foot in 
 length , and three inches and 1 over. One of the three 
 Holes at the bottom, cut wider by fome Body, who had 
 a mind to cheat the Spectator by imitating a mouth. Al- 
 moft in fhape and bignefs like a Cafowarys-Egg. 
 
 Another Shell of the fame fhape. 
 
 THREE fhort Oval COCO-SHELLS. 
 
 An ORBICULAR COCO-SHELL; four inches and 1 
 long, and as much in Diametre. 
 
 Another Great ORBICULAR one. Tis a foot and i 
 in compafs. A Coco-Nut of a foot and * compafs, hath a 
 Shell in compafs about nine inches. The Nut therefore to 
 which this Shell belong’d , was in compafs above three 
 quarters of a yard. 
 
 The COCO is one of the moft ufeful Trees in the 
 World. Of the Husk or outmoft fibrous Cover of the 
 Nut,all manner of Ropes and Cables are made throughout 
 India. Of the Shells, the Indians make Ladles, Wine-Bot¬ 
 tles, and many forts of Veffels. The inmoft Cover next 
 the Kernel , while it contains only Liquor, they eat with fait, 
 as a very pleafint meat. The faid Liquor, is commonly 
 ufed, as a clear fweet and cool Drink. Sometimes they cut 
 away the Bloffom of the young Nut, and binding a con¬ 
 venient Veflel to the place, thereby obtain a fweet and 
 pleafant Liquor, which they call Sura, This Handing, an 
 hour in the Sun, becomes good Vinegar, ufed throughout 
 India. The fame Diftill’d (I fuppofe after fermentation) 
 yieldeth a pretty ftrong Brandy , called Fulo, and is the hrft 
 running. The fecond, is called Vraca, the only Wine of 
 India. Of the fame Sura, being boil’d, and fetin the Sun, 
 they alfo make a fort of brown Sugar,which they call Jagra. 
 
 From 
 
 i 
 
200 
 
 Part II. 
 
 (a) Linfcho- 
 ten. 
 
 Joh. de Laet. 
 Pifo, and 
 others. 
 
 (£}L.2.c.30. 
 
 go sea. 5. 
 
 Of Nuts. 
 
 From the Kernel it fclf, when frefh, and well ftamped, they 
 prefs out a Milk, which they always mix and eat with 
 their Rice-Meats. Of the Kernel dry’d (called Copra) and 
 ftamped, they make Oil, both to eat, and to burn. Of' 
 the Leaves of the Tree (called Olas) they make the Sails of 
 their Ships: as alfo Covers for their Houfes and Tents ; and 
 Summer-Hats. Of the Wood, they make Ships without 
 Nails 3 fewing the feveral parts together with the Cords 
 made of the Husk of the Nut. (a) 
 
 A fmall ORBICULAR FRUIT, as it feems, of the 
 Nut-kind, not bigger than a Bhyfical Pill; a little flattilh 
 on that part which grows to the Husk. Very hard. And 
 of a fhining colour, like that of red Coral. Defcribed (b) 
 alfo by Clufus: and neatly figur'd in Calceolarias s Mu- 
 ftzum. (c) 
 
 ANOTHER of the fame hardnefs, lhape, and bignefs 3 
 but of a fhining black. 
 
 ANOTHER hard and orbicular Fruit, by Cafp. Bauhi- 
 nus called Milium Indicum. For what reafon I fee not, it 
 having no fimilitude thereto. That for which it is ob- 
 fervable, is, that it looks as if it were artificially turn’d 
 upon a Lath. See a rude Figure hereof in J. Bauhinus. 
 
 An Oval Stone or Shell, of the bignefs and fhape of a 
 midling Olive. Given by Mr. Anth. Homeck. It feems 
 doubtful, Whether of the Plum or Nut-kind. ’Tis all 
 over fmooth, and of a fhining light bay, like that of a 
 Mammee. Excepting only the Bafe which is of a dull 
 colour, and ruged, and having two narrow fmooth Mar¬ 
 gins like a pair of Lips, or an open mouth : from the cor¬ 
 ners w hereof runs a natural Notch round about the Stone 
 or Shell. 
 
 The YECOTL. The Fruit of a little Tree in New-Spain] 
 which the Spaniards call Palmam Montenfem 5 and which 
 I take to be all one with the Palmapinus, or the Palma Coni¬ 
 fer a. ’Tis defcribed and figur’d both by J. Bauhinus, and 
 by Wormius. Who Reports out of Laet , Thatthefe kind 
 of Nuts are always found empty, or without a Kernel. 
 Which is a miftake; for this here hath one. ’Tis likely all 
 that he faw (and fo he fhould have faid) were barren. 
 The length of this, about two inches and half 5 theDia- 
 metre, one and h the Figure Oval. Smooth, and of a 
 
 fhining 
 
Part II. 
 
 Of Nuts. 2di 
 
 fhining Bay. Compofcd of Scales, from the middle (where 
 they are about i an inch broad) growing Idler towards 
 both ends, fo as in fome fort to referable a Cone , of the 
 Picea Latin : or Male Fin-Tree. Yet a quite different 
 Fruit: for whereas in a Cone, the Seeds or Kernels are nu¬ 
 merous, all placed between the Scales of the Cone 5 here 
 (fo far as can be guefs’d by the found) we have but one 
 fingle Kernel , within the hollow of the Shell. 
 
 But that which is moft obfervablc, and whereof no 
 Author takes notice either in the Defcription or Figure 
 of this Fruit, is this, That the Scales which compofc 
 the Shell, are not fo fet together, as to have their open 
 ends or points upwards, as in a Cone : but on the con¬ 
 trary, fo as to have their roots uppermoft, and their open 
 and outmolf ends or points downwards, or towards the 
 Bafe of the Shell, as of the Slates upon a Houfe towards the 
 ground. A lingular contrivance of Nature, to prevent 
 the rain from running into the hollow of the Shell, and fo 
 rotting the Kernel. And although the Scales of a Cone are 
 open towards the point of the Cone , yet even hereby they 
 anfwer the fame end 5 becaufe it always or moft com¬ 
 monly hangs upon the Tree with the point down¬ 
 ward. 
 
 This Fruit is pictur’d i nBefler, Tab. 1. But miftakenly, 
 for the Arecca or Faveel. 
 
 The CONICK YECOTL. I find it not deferib’d. 
 
 ’Tis mucl) lefs than the former 5 in length, an inch and 
 j d 5 in the middle near an inch thick. Slenderer at both 
 ends, and the upper plainly taper’d. The Scales, as in the 
 former. 
 
 Of the Leaves (a) of this Shrub, the Indians make a fort « Ximenes 
 of Thread. 
 
 A SCALED FRUIT a kin to the YECOTL. ’Tis of a 
 rounder Figure, alrnoft like a Pippin, and about as big as 
 a midhng Peach. See the Figure hereof in Baubinm, un¬ 
 der the Title of Nux Indica Tefell at a. They grow in 
 Guyana. 
 
 A Great PALMACOCO-NUT. Paidunus deferibes (b) (L Tom. 1 
 another Species by the Name of Fruclm Palmas Nucifera. 
 
 Perhaps the Tree may not be improperly call’d Palmacocus, 
 as bearing a Fruit, though frnall, yet refembling the Coco- 
 
 D d JhelL 
 
202 
 
 Of Nuts. 
 
 Part II. 
 
 jhell. This is the biggeft of feveral here preftrved, which 
 make it doubtful, Whether it belong to a Cocas or a Palme. 
 In length, near * a foot ; in the middle, two inches over. 
 The Bafe fomewhat Oval, and Prominent, with three 
 large Holes, as in a Coco ; the upper end Conick, and a 
 little inflected. Compofed of three Valves or Places , 
 making fo many Angles, below, obfcure 5 above, more 
 (harp. The colour mixed, according to the diftribution of 
 the woody Fibers. 
 
 A middle PALMACOCO-NUT. As big as a larger 
 Walnut. In length, an inch and 1 5 the Bafe, an inch over. 
 Figur’d into a kind of Convex Cone. Upon the Margins of 
 the three Holes in the Bafe, are finely fpread a great many 
 -fmall black Fibers-, like the Fibrill# of the Lig. cili are 
 round about the Cryftal Humour. See alfo Clufmds De- 
 fcription hereof in Bauhinus. Two of this Species are here 
 preserved. 
 
 ANOTHER alfo Conick, but lefs. In fhape like the 
 Pear called Mofcatellinum : but is fcarce fo big as a fmall 
 Nutmeg. Of a woody fubftance, and the colour of Box. 
 With three open Holes, as in all the reft. 
 
 The DOG-PALMACOCO. Bauhinus deferibes and 
 figures one of thefe Nuts by the Name of Nux larvata. 
 The like is performed in the German Ephemerides. But I 
 take this to be a different Species from them both. In 
 length, an inch and I$ an inch over, where thickeft 5 and 
 of a Conick Figure. The Crown or thicker end of the 
 Shell is encompafled with a great many fmall Fibers, ori¬ 
 ginally fpread all over the Shell, but here clip ci off by 
 fome Body, to make it look like a Head of Hair. About 
 the middle of the Shell are two natural Holes, ratably 
 large,like a pair of Eyes 5 and the upper Margins prominent, 
 like Eye-brows, whereupon are naturally fpread a number 
 of fmall black libers , like the Hair on the Eye-brows. 
 Underneath a third Hole, alfo hairy, Handing in the place 
 of a Mouth. Betwixt which, or before, there are three 
 little Knobs, which together make no ill refemblance of a 
 Nofe, and the upper Lip all natural 5 So that, at the firft 
 fight, one would take it to be a little Head of a Greyhound 
 carved in Wood. 
 
 TWO more, of the fame kind, but much (hotter. 
 
 An 
 
Part II. Of Nuts. 203 
 
 An Oval PALMACOCO, about the bignefs of a 
 Nutmeg. 
 
 Another, of a ftraw colour, wrinkled, knobed, and fome- 
 what comprefled, Figur’d in fome fort by Bauhinus., (a) (A Tom. 1. 
 under the Title of Avellana Indica feculiaris Came- 
 rarij. 
 
 A BROAD PALMACOCO. An inch over or in breadth; 
 from the Bafe to the top directly, not above K That al- 
 moft flat, this with a blunt point. It hath three Holes on 
 the fides, almoft equidiftant. 
 
 An ORBICULAR PALMACOCO. Yet a little com¬ 
 prefled, as a Bowl. Not above I an inch Diametre; of the 
 colour and hardnefs of Box ; furrow’d as a Peach-Stone. 
 
 On the fides are three equidiftant Holes, over-fpread with 
 black capillary Fibers. 
 
 A RHOMBOID-NUT, of affinity with the former. 
 
 An inch and * long 3 * broad, and I an inch thick, the fides 
 being a little comprefled. Cover’d round about with 
 fmall woody Fibers , produced from the Stalk or Bafe to 
 the top of the Shell. 
 
 The FAYEEL or FAUFEL. The Fruit of a kind of 
 Palme , by the Malabarins called ARECCA. Defcnbed by 
 Garcias , Bauhinus , and Wormius. But by none of them 
 well. It hath a three-fold Cover, of fo many forts of 
 work. Theutmoft, confifting of ftraw-colour’d, foftand 
 (as Garcias rightly) downy Fibers. The middle, of yel- 
 lowifh, and fttirdy ones, of the thicknefs of a fewing 
 Needle: about > an inch longer, than to the top of the 
 Shell, yet couched down round about it. Theinmoft, a 
 thin flendcr Cafe, but woody. Yet lined with a pithy fub- 
 ftance. All contrived for the greater warmth, and gra¬ 
 dual expofing of the Nut within to the Aer. This Nut is 
 about the bignefs of a little Nutmeg 3 but not fo long. 
 
 This Fruit grows in Malavar and the Ifland Mombaim. 
 
 Being eaten unripe, it ftupifies, and as it were inebriates. 
 
 For which caufe, (. b ) fome eat them to make them unfenfi- (!>) Garcias, 
 ble of great pains. Garcias faith,That he ufed their Diftill’d- 
 Water, in Bilious Diarrhoea s, with great fuccefs. 
 
 A FRUIT very like to the Faufel. Bauhinus defcribes 
 and figures it out of Clufius , by that Name. Yet it feems, 
 to me, to be the Faufel it felf in the Bud. 
 
 Dd 2 The 
 
204 Of Nuts. Part II. 
 
 The DATE-NUT, qu. Nucidabkylus. I find it neither 
 defcribed nor figur’d by any Author. ’Tis above two 
 inches long 5 near the Stalk, above an inch over 5 towards 
 the top near two, being belly’d like a Pear. Along one 
 fide, a little ridged. The Stalk cover’d with a whitilh 
 Down, like a Quinces. The outward Skin of a dusky Bay, 
 fmooth, foft, and thin. Next under this is a Work of Fibers, 
 not produced, as in other Fruits, by the length, but Handing 
 bolt upright, like the Pile of Velvet, about a ? of an inch 
 in depth ; or rather, like the Brijtles upon a Hogs back. 
 So that the outward Skin being taken off, the Fruit looks 
 and feels like a round Scrubing-BruJb. Thefe Fibers are 
 continuous all round about with the next Cover, which is 
 of a woody fubftance, and very tough , about ' of an 
 inch thick. Next within this Cover or Rind, is contained 
 a foft and light fubftance, which, by the fpace it hath left, 
 appears to have been originally a very fleihy and fappy 
 part. Within This lies the Stone, about as big as a young 
 Pigeons-Egg. This Stone is not hollow, like others, but 
 altogether folid, like the Stone of a Date, and is within of 
 the fame whitilh, denfe, and horny fubftance: from whence 
 I have taken leave for the Name. At the top of the Stone 
 is formed, like as in a Nutmeg, a little round Cell, in winch 
 the true Seed is contained, no bigger than a midling Pins 
 head. 
 
 A TWIN DATE-NUT of the fame Species. 
 
 A THIRD, a lingle one, with the outward Rind taken 
 off, whereby the find brifly Fibers are confpicuous. 
 
 A CACAW-NUT. Given by Francis Willughby Efq;. 
 ’Tis five inches long 5 and about two, over; ftiaped like a 
 Garden-Cucumer 5 but the Stalk-end a little flenderer. Now 
 it is dry, angular with five wrinkled and black Ribs an inch 
 broad. The fpaces between, half as broad, fmooth, and 
 of a redifh Bay : the blacknefs of the Ribs proceeding alfo 
 from a fuller and deeper Red under the Skin ; as in many 
 other Fruits: or as Scarlet Blood makes blew Veins. Within 
 , the Rind are contained about fifteen or twenty Kernels, 
 near as big as a Garde?i-Bean, but fmaller at one end 5 fome- 
 wliat like a little Birds Heart. Yet the ihape, I fuppofe, in 
 different Nuts, may have forne variaton. 
 
 Another CACAW-NUT, like the former; given by 
 Air. John Short. This 
 
Part II. 
 
 205 
 
 Of Nuts. 
 
 This Fruit grows principally in New Spain , and the 
 Province of Guatimalla in Mexico. In which, and other 
 places of the Weft-Indies , the Kernels are tiled, faith Jof 
 Acofta, ( a) inftead of Mo?iey 5 and commonly given to the MHiiu. 4. 
 Poor , as Alms. With Chacawlate, the Indians Treat Noble c> 22 ' 
 Men, (b) as they pafs through their Country. 0>) ibid. 
 
 Thefe Kernels being well pounded, as Almonds , in a 
 Mortar, and mixed with a certain proportion of Sugar 
 and Spices (according as the Trader thinks or finds it belt 
 for Sale) are commonly made up in Cafes or Rowles • 
 which are brought over hither from Spain, and other parts. 
 
 But thofe that would have a good quantity for their own 
 private ufe, had much better procure the Nuts themfelves 
 ( as frefh and new as may be ) and fo prepare and com¬ 
 pound them to their own Conftitution and Taft. And for 
 thofe that drink it, without any Medicinal refpect, at 
 Coffee-Houjes ; there is no doubt but that of Almonds finely 
 beaten, and mixed with a due proportion of Sugar and 
 Spices , may be made as pleafant a drink,as the beft Chacaw- 
 late. 
 
 The BUTTER-NUT: a Fruitgrowing in New England , 
 and there fo called, becaufe the Kernel yieldeth a great 
 quantity of a fweet Oil. I meet with it no where. In 
 length, two inches and '• ; in the middle, near an inch and 
 I over ; the two ends narrower, and a very little promi¬ 
 nent, fhaped fomewhat like a fmall Cucumer. The Skin 
 fmoothilh, and (now) brown. The fubftance within it, 
 black: originally, a kind of Pulp or flelhy Rind about I of 
 an inch thick, anfwering to that of a Walnut. The Stone 
 almoft Oval, and edged with fix or feven Angles by the 
 length, the greateft, which are alfo oppofite, ending in a 
 (harp point. The Spaces betwixt the Angles, very uneven 
 with a great many ruged and thin plates and knobs. 
 
 With a Decoction of the Barque of the Tree,the Englifh 
 Planters dey their Linjey V/oolfey of a Cinamon colour, with¬ 
 out Alum , or any thing elfe being added. 
 
 The EDGED-WALNUT of New England. In colour, 
 as the common kind. Near an inch long, as broad, and 
 a little above t an inch thick. The Bafe, and efpecially 
 the point, a little prominent. Figur’d with eight Angles 
 or Edges,whereof one half fharper than the other. The Ker¬ 
 nel (haped, as in the common kind. A 
 
2o 6 Of Nuts. Part II* 
 
 A WALNUT fhaped like a Tear. Whether mon- 
 ftrous, or of any Species , is uncertain. Tis two inches 
 long, at one end * of an inch thick or over, and the other, 
 above an inch. 
 
 Another, with one Concave of the Shell twice as big as 
 the other. 
 
 A Third, with a Shell compofed of three Valves or 
 Plates, 
 
 A NUT, which feems to be a fort of Indian Filbert. I 
 find it not defcrib’d. Of a triangular Figure, one greater 
 fide fubtended to two leffer. The Bafe ■' an inch thick 5 
 an inch and * long, or wide 5 from thence to the Cone as 
 much. Of a brown afh-colour 3 and ruged all round 
 about by the diftribution of a great number of Fibers. 
 Only the true Bafe, by which it joyned to the Husk, is 
 fmooth; and, as that of a Filbert , cleavable along the 
 middle. 
 
 The HAZLE-NUT of New England. Neither is this 
 defcrib’d. Here is a Box of them. They are fhorter, and 
 broader, than the common fort 3 the point depreffed, and 
 the Bafe more produc’d. In colour, both alike. 
 
 HAZLE-NUTS, fome three , and fome four growing 
 together. 
 
 The NUT called MEHEMBETHENE. It grows upon 
 a frnall Tree, like a Hajle , in New Spain. Defcnbed in 
 (a) Lib. 3. Baubinus. ( a) ’Tis fomewhat Oval, an inch and I long, I ds 
 c. 36. over. Divided by a triangular partition into three Cells, for 
 the lodging of fo many Kernels. 
 
 The BARBADO-NUT. The Fruit, in truth, of a kind 
 (bjUg.Hifl °f Plum-Tree. (b) Yet the Name prevailing, I have placed 
 c/Barb p.67. it here. Defcnbed in Baubinus, Wormius, and others by the 
 Name of Avellana purgatrix Americana f. Ben magnum 
 (c) Muf. Medicorum vulgb: (c) but not well. ’Tis about the big- 
 Woriman. ne p s Q f a pnp ert- The fhell blackifh, thin, and brittle, and 
 fomewhat angular. Within, there is a white foft Body, 
 commonly, but falfly fuppofed to be the Kernel. For this 
 Body is not divided, as are all Kernels , into two difhnct 
 Lobes , but is one entire part. Yet fo as to have fome little 
 hollownefs in the middle, capable to lodge a very thin 
 Filme. This Filme, is the true Kernel, confiding not only 
 of two large and perfedt Leaves (anfwerable to the two 
 
 Lobes 
 
Part II. 
 
 Of Nuts. 
 
 207 
 
 Lobes 111 other Kernels) but of thofe parts alfo, which in 
 time become the Trunk and Root of the Tree. 
 
 Thefe Nuts work flrongly both by Vomit and Stool ; 
 
 (a) four or five of them a great Dofe. Being eaten toiled ' (i ) Bluh - 
 or injedted in Clyflers, ( 3 ) which is the fafeft way of ufing JbT ma*. 
 them, they are a prefent Remedy in the Cholick, One dcs - 
 thing, very obfervable, is mention’d by Mr. Boyle 5 (c) and M in his 
 fince, alfo by Mr. Ligon : (d) and that is, That the Ca- 
 t bar tied Power of the AW, although fo great, yet lies only iw.' 
 or chiefly in that very thin Films above-faid, by me affirmed 
 to be the Kernel: for this being taken out, the reft may be ” P ’ 
 eaten, as any other Nut. 
 
 A fmall Indian Nut, about an inch long, and about 
 half an inch over 5 with a pretty hard Rind, and of a 
 fhining black. Excepting the colour, very like to that de¬ 
 ferred and figur’d in Bauhinm, with the Name of Nucula 
 Exotica Piflacij fpecie. 
 
 The ANGOLA NUT. About*of an inch long, and 
 as broad, on one fide Convex; on the oppofite, flat 5 and 
 of a tawny colour. The Shell very hard. The Kernel thin 
 and leafy, and loged within a thick white Cover, as in the 
 Barbado Nut. 
 
 They purge upward and downward: one of them will 
 give about a dozen Stools. 
 
 The Purging-CHESNUT. Cafta?iea purgatrix. Well 
 deferibed and figur’d in Calceolarims Mufaeum. (e) The (0 Sed. 5. 
 Figure in Bauhinm (who defcribes (/) it by the Name of (f ) Xom-r- 
 Frudtm Indicm decujfatm) not fo good. ’Tis a blackifh iib.3.c,u<s. 
 Fruit, about an inch and * long, almoft fquare, and pretty 
 flat. But that which is moft obfervable, is the double Sinus 
 which compafleth it both by the length and breadth, as if 
 it had been girded acrofswith a firing. And, as it were, a 
 Crefcent on that fide, by which it grows to the Shell. 
 
 A FRUIT in figure like a Cbefnut ; but’tis much lefs, 
 at leaf!, than the common fort. The outward fhell of a 
 dusky colour, and thin, yet almoft as hard as a Pebble 5 
 or like that of the Seed of Gromwell. Under this lies another 
 of the ufual hardnefs of a Fruit Stone. Within which is 
 included a whitifh Kernel, of a pleafant tail, yet producing a 
 roughnefs in the Throat. 
 
 The 
 
2o8 
 
 Part II 
 
 (a) Mouf.de 
 ReCib.; 
 
 (b) Bauhin. 
 
 (c) Lib. de 
 Re Cibar. 
 
 (d) Lib. 3. 
 c.X04.Fig-3. 
 
 (0 Bauhinus 
 
 (f) Muf. 
 Wormian. 
 
 ( g ) Bauh. 
 Tom. 1.33b. 
 C b ) Garcias 
 ab Horto. 
 
 Of Nuty. 
 
 The New England CHESNUT. In figure, like the 
 common fort; but a little lefs. The Chefnut was firit 
 brought from Sardis in Lydia., (a) into Italy, Fra?ice , and 
 England. In fome places where they abound, the people 
 make Bread ( b) of them. Heretofore, faith Bruyrinus, (c) 
 they were brought, with the laft courfe, to the Tables of 
 Princes. In his time, (about an hundred years fince) the 
 French ufed to make and eat Chefnut-Pottage. 
 
 A kind of frnall HORNED NUT. Not fo big as a 
 little Nutmeg , us of a brown colour, and with two 
 pointed knobs at one end, bended outward, like little 
 Horns. Figur d, as I take it, in Bauhinus (d) by the 
 Name of Fruclus peregrinus, exiguus orbicularis , cum Sex 
 Nervis. 
 
 A Virginian AKORN within its Cup. There is one 
 like this deferibed and figur’d in Bauhinus out of Clufius , 
 by the Name of Calix cum Glande inclufo maximus ex 
 Wingandecaow , 1. e. Virginia. The Cup is about an inch 
 and '• Diametre, and the Tides very thick ; compofed of a 
 great number of Scales, as the Empalement of a Thiftle, 
 and many other Flowers; but here very hard: of an Or¬ 
 bicular Figure, only open at the top about the breadth of 
 5 an inch. The Akorn it (elf, little bigger than the com¬ 
 mon fort. But their tail and fubftance may be more 
 grateful. For in Virginia they are dry’d and preferved for 
 food. Theyfteep, and boil them, and fo eat them either 
 with Flelh or Fifh. 
 
 The ANACARDIUM. A fruit fo called from fome 
 hkenefs it hath to a little Heart ; but yet flattiih, and near as 
 big as a Garden-Bean. Deferibed and figur’d by Garcias, 
 Bauhinus, Wormim, Mofcardi, Bejler , and others. Being held 
 to the flame of a Candle , (e) it fpits Fire, or fparkhng flafhes 
 of divers colours. Anciently much ufed in Medicines, now 
 obfolete, as ConfeHio Anacardina , istc. The Oil or Mellagi- 
 Jious Sliccus betwixt the Rind and t!>e Kernel is that which is 
 called (/) Mel Anacardinum. Either the Name of Oil 
 (given it by mod) or of Honey, rnuft be improper. It 
 is of a very Cauftick and venimous Nature. Being mixed 
 with Lime, ’tis ufed for the marking of Cottons (g) through¬ 
 out India. The Indians pickle the green Fruit, (h) and eat 
 them as Olives. When perhaps they contain little or none 
 of that Cauftick Oil. ’ Tfi e 
 
Fart II. 
 
 20<p 
 
 Of Nuts . 
 
 I he ACAJU , or Cajous-AKORN. The Fruit, or 
 rather one part of the Fruit of a Tree growing in Brafile 
 (where it is called Acajaiba ) and other Weft-Indian Coun¬ 
 tries. Chiefly defenbed and figur’d by Linfchoten, (a) and O) Lib. t. 
 Pifo. ( b) The whole Fruit is called Acaju. That part next f 5 ?:. 
 the Branch, by Pifo, the Apple 3 but is fhaped more like a c.l. ' 4 
 Pear. To the top of which grows this part, which he calls 
 the Akpm. In ihape almofl: of an Hares Kidney 5 faving 
 that where it grows to the Apple ’tis thicker, than at the 
 other end. Of a finooth Surface, (here) mixed with afhen 
 and brown. 
 
 Pifo in deferibing this Fruit contradicts himfelf. Flori 
 ( faith he) fuccedit Caftanea , exqua crefcit Pomum. A little 
 after, Pomum hoc, turn Claris ei fuperinnafeens —. Wherein 
 he is falfe to himfelf, but true to Nature 3 the Apple not 
 growing upon or after the Akorn, as he had affirmed at firft 5 
 but the Akorn, upon the Apple: as by one I have now by 
 me, may be feen. 
 
 Wormius confoundeth the Picture of the Acaju, with the 
 Defcnption of the Anacardium. As may be feen by com¬ 
 paring Chap, the 22. and 24. of his Second Book, 
 
 The Kernels being pounded or ground, as Walnuts , yield 
 abundance of Oil by expreflion. That Oil (fo called) 
 which is diftinctly contained in the Shell or Rind of the 
 Akron, is of a hot biting taft, and of a kind of cauftick 
 quality. Ufed by the Indians to cure the Itch, Shingles, 
 Malignant Vlcers, (c) and St. Anthonys Fire, (d) But the 0) Pifo. 
 Kernels are accounted a great dainty , either eaten raw )^ Linfchc - 
 with Wine and a little Salt 5 or efpecially, when they are 
 roafted, or elfe preferved in Sugar. For the fike of this 
 Fruit only, (e) the Natives fometimes go to Wars 3 the ro Pifo, 
 
 Vic tors keeping pofleflion of the Place,till they have pluck’d 
 the Trees upon it, all clean. 
 
 By comparing what hath been faid hereof, and of the 
 Anacardium , together; they feem to be two Species, under 
 one Kind. 
 
 The ANOVAI. The Fruit of a Tree, or rather the 
 Name of the Tree it felf, growing principally in Brafile. 
 
 Pifo diftinguilhes a leffer fort, from the Greater, or Ahoa- 
 guacu, the Tree whereon this Fruit groweth. Of a tri¬ 
 angular Figure, almofl: like a little Pouch ; about an inch 
 
 T e from 
 
210 
 
 Par rill 
 
 Of Nutf. 
 
 from corner to corner, very hard, fmooth, of a Chefnut 
 colour, and now made hollow, the Kernel being pick’d 
 out 5 and a hole cut on the top for that purpofe. Figur’d 
 in Baubinus , Pifo, and others ; but more neatly in Calceola¬ 
 rias Mufaum. 
 
 The Kernel, being eaten, is a drong Poyfon. The Na- 
 <a) Plfo ' t'ves of Bra file ( a ) efpecially when they go to Dancing, 
 hang the empty Shells, for Ornament, and the pleafure of 
 the Noifc they make, about their Legs: as Carriers do Bells 
 (h) Lerius. a b ou t their Horfes Necks. The Wood (b) or Boughs 
 being broken, dink intollerably; fomewhat like to Gar- 
 lick. 
 
 The true METHEL 3 or the VOMITING-NUT com- 
 monly fo call d. Nux Vomica Officinarum. Very well de- 
 (c) Tom. i. feribed (c) in Baubinus. Of the ihape and bignefs of a 
 midling Trocb, cover’d with iliort Hair, of a greenifh 
 brown. Very hard, and horny, and almod folid; laving 
 that in the middle it inclofes, as the Barbado-Nut, a thin 
 Filme, which is the true feed ; whereof the faid horny Body, 
 called the Nut, is only a great thick Cover. 
 
 This Fruit is, by Celafpine, mod abfurdly called Fungus 
 (djUaCA.^. Orient alls. And Wormim ( d) fpeaking of it, faith, That 
 no Body knows certainly what it is. Whereas, by DilTecti- 
 on, it plainly appears to be a Fruit. 
 
 I find, that Cor das gocth thus far, as to obferve, That 
 within this Nut is contained a Rudiment of the future 
 Plant, confiding as it were of two little pretty veined 
 Leaves, and a Stalk. But that thefe Leaves were the two 
 Lobes or main Body of the Seed, that the Stalk of thefe 
 Leaves, as he calls it, was the Root, and that between thefe 
 Leaves was cooped the Bud, of the future Plant, are things 
 whereof he had not the lead notion. Neither did he know 
 ( for he fpeaks of it as a peculiar) that the like confpicuous 
 foliation, is,as in truth it is,obfervable in the feeds of a great 
 many other Plants. 
 
 Half a Drachm of this Nut, given to a Dog, in powder, 
 nath kill’d him, faith Baubinus, in four hours. About 5j, 
 hath put a Dog into fo great Convulfions,that he hath dy’d 
 in lefs than half an hour. 
 
 The true VOMITING-NUT. Nux Methel Officinarum. 
 So that by a midake,the Names of the Nut before defcrib’d, 
 
 and 
 
21 I 
 
 P a r t II. Of Berrys, &c. 
 
 and of this, are commonly tranfpofed. An Eafi-Indian 
 Fruit defcnbecl by Baubinus (a) with the Name ot Nux GO Tom. 
 peregrina oculata 1 st comprejfa: from its flatnels, although ^ 
 a little fwclling on one fide ; and from the refemblance 
 which the Seed-Cells, in number five, have to fo-many little 
 Eyes. 
 
 Two Drachms hereof being given to a man in Powder, 
 purgeth ftrongly, and efpecially by Vomit, but alfo by 
 Stool. 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 Of ( BERRTS,COj\(ES, LOBES, andfome other 
 Varts of Trees. 
 
 C EDRE-BERRYS. The Tree by fome called Cedms 
 Phanicea although Baccifera were better, thereby 
 to diftinguifh it from the Coniferous or great Cedre. De 
 fcnbed by Clufius under the Name of Oxycedrus ■, from its 
 (harp-pointed Leaves. It grows wild in France and Spain. 
 The Berry bigger than that of the Idler Juniper , and of a 
 deep Purple with little knobs about it, and fome refem¬ 
 blance of Scales. • 
 
 Great JUNIPER-BERRYS. Barca. Juniperi majomClu- 
 fio. As big as Myrtle-Berrys, round, foft, odorous, and of 
 a redifh colour. The Idler Juniper- Berrys (and probably 
 thefe) are of good and various ufe in Medicine, if they are 
 freih. One of the belt ways of ufing them, is by extract¬ 
 ing a deep and ftrong bod y d Tincture of them with Spirit 
 of Wine, whereof afpoonful, or more or lefs, to be taken 
 in Wine or other convenient Vehicle. 
 
 The BERRYS of the MASTICH-TREE. Bacca Len- 
 tifcina. About half as big as a midling Peas , round, and of 
 a blackilh colour. The Tree flourilhes in Italy, Spain , and 
 divers other places. 
 
 AROMATICK INDIAN BERRYS. Cocculi Indi Aro¬ 
 matic/'. There are a fort called Cocci Orient ales, ufed for 
 the taking of Fifties 5 but not fo round as thefe : neither, as 
 
 Ee 2 I take 
 
I take it, are they Aromatic ^• Of thefe fome are not much 
 bigger than a Black. Pepper-Corn 5 others, as big as a Black 
 Cherry ; all of them of the colour of Cloves. They feem 
 to come nearelf to that Fruit commonly called Jamaican -- 
 
 Cedri magna [ Libani. Given by Abraham Hill Ef q . y>e 
 ( c a i 5 9 ' fcnbed and %urd by Bauhinm. {a) Yet with the Scales 
 reprefented by far too narrow or not enough expanded • 
 in which Bejler is more exaft. Tis about three inches 
 
 ca P-'3- can hardly encompafs one of them with their Arms 
 ffretched out: which may be fuppofed above half as rhirf 
 again, as the thickeft Oak. in England. 
 
 A CONE of the MALE-FIRR. Conus Abietis mark 
 f. Pice* Latinorum. Defcnbed by Bauhinm. It grows 
 abundantly in Burgundy , and the Alps 3 fometimes in 
 0. Simlerus. height (c) above a hundred and thirty feet. The Cone 
 almolt Cylindrical, about eight inches long. To each 
 Scale underneath, two winged Seeds or little Kernels are 
 adjoyned. Cunoully pictur’d by Bejler. 
 
 A little Twin PINE-APPLE. Pini Conus gemellus 
 Several CONES of the WILD-PINE. Of this Tree 
 they make great If ore of Pitch in Burgundy. 
 
 A Cl PRESS-NUT. Strobilus Cuprejfinus. By Ceefal- 
 pine not fo properly called a Cone , becaufe of its Figure 
 which is rather Orbicular. Yet any Cone is appofitely 
 piled Strobilus , from the winding order of the Scales 
 Tis not much bigger than a large Nutmeg. The Tree grows 
 abundantly in France and Italy, and there bears Nuts^ 
 CAMPHIRE. The Gum of a Tree about as big as the 
 Haile 3 and probably of the Coniferous kind. Formerlv 
 
 'A \ MYit-v-wan .1 1 -% r • 1 11 _ V 
 
 CL Nome", thought a Mineral 5 and by Kentman (d) called Bitumen 
 
 Odor at um. There are two forts hereof One of China 
 
 Ttr ___1 ' /-1 1 1 11 • tt ^1 
 
 A LONG FLAT LOBE. Lobus Buglojfoideus , fo I 
 call it ror its being fomewhat like a Cows Tongue. De- 
 
Part II. Of Berrys } &c. 215 
 
 {bribed by Bauhinus (a) with the Name of Ceratium Mono- W Llb ' 12 ' 
 C0CC071 Inc/uum. But this here, is thrice as big as his. Tis 
 ten inches long 5 in the middle, 4 ‘ over 3 both ends fome- 
 what Oval. Very flat, fcarce above * an inch where thick - ' 
 eft 3 the Belly level, the Back Convex and with a blunt 
 Ridge. Of a dull ruflet, and all over rough with a great 
 number oi fmall Knobs. Its whole Cavity is filled up 
 with one Angle Fruit; which Bauhinus not well examining, 
 only calls it Frudum ex fungofa quadam materie compaftuny 
 Whereas it confifteth chiefly of a wonderful Congeries of 
 white Fibers 3 not produced by the length, or breadth, but 
 the thicknefs of the Fruit, both ways, as the Teeth in a 
 double Comb. The fpaces betwixt which are filled up 
 with duft or powder; which was originally, the fappy Pa¬ 
 renchyma or Flefh of the Fruit. 
 
 Another LOBE of the fame Species, but much lefs. 
 
 A THICK LOBE from Virginea. Lobus ex Wingan- 
 decaow. Not ill defcrib’d by Clufius. This here is not 
 much above three inches and '■ long, an inch and I broad, 
 and an inch thick. Vnciam denfus , faith Clufius improper¬ 
 ly ; that word not exprefling the Dimention, but clofenefs 
 or’little porofity of a Body. There are fome Lobes, faith 
 Laet (b) of the fame Species, that are two or three times W Lib. 3. 
 
 the bignefs of This. . # . 
 
 A Ihort FIBROUS LOBE. I meet with the Defecti¬ 
 on hereof no where 3 nor the Figure, excepting in Beflerfc) CO Tib - *• 
 by the Name of Frudus reticulato corio. Tis almolt three 
 inches long, an inch and * broad, near an inch thick. At 
 one edge it is cut through by the length 5 where, it you 
 try to fpread the fides open, it refills, from its great fibro- 
 fity, like a thick fturdy piece of tann d Leather. Lined 
 within with a mold fmooth and thin Membrane. The Ca¬ 
 vity all over even, or without any Sepiment: fhewing it to 
 have been fill’d up with only one large Fruit. 
 
 A Great SCALLOP’D LOBE 3 or rather part of it. Of 
 kin to that deferibed and figur’d in Bauhinus (d) by the ^ ^ 1 112 
 Name of Lobus Brafilianus ingens Siliqua Acacia forma. 
 
 The whole Lobe , is above two feet long 3 where broadeff, 
 near four inches, flat; and compofed of fix or feven 
 Joynts, as Bauhinus calls them 3 rather Cells, fo rounded 
 or fcallop’d on both Edges, as to look like fo many 
 
 Joynts. 
 
_ 2I 4 Of Berrys, &c. Part II 
 
 Jovnts. In this part of the Lobe, are only three. In each 
 ot them is contained a great NUT round and flat, 
 and of a Aiming Bay 3 an inch and i Diametre, and half 
 an inch thick. In the Lobe Baubinus defcnbes they were 
 not ripe. 
 
 A round FRUIT (probably) of a fort of SCALLOP’D 
 LOBE. ’Tis almoft of the colour, bignefs, and ihape of 
 the former 5 Living that the fides are not fo flat, but*both 
 of them a little Convex. 
 
 ANOTHER, almoft of the Figure of a Cat’s Kidney ; 
 M Lib. 17. h avin _§ at the edge a ihallow Sinus or depreflure where it 
 c.i.p.276. was fatten'd to the Lobe. Defcribed in Baubinus (a) by 
 the Name of Phafeolus Novi Orbis, Cordis figura. But, as 
 is moft likely, very improperly 5 This being fo like the 
 Fruit of the Scallop’d Lobe above defcrib’d, which he him- 
 felf makes the Fruit of a Tree ; Neither doth the Kernels, 
 its being naturally cleft into two half's, (ut funt omnia Pba- 
 feolacea, as Clufius fpeaks) argue any tiling. For that is 
 not peculiar to the Phafeolous kind 3 but all other Seeds 
 whatfoever, excepting Corn and that Kindred, are natu- 
 Awhorsfoft raI1 r y cleft 0 >) into two or more Lobes. This Fruit is Laid 
 Book Of to be iathartick : and therefore ns probable, the other 
 Fhms, Chap. Species are fo likewife. 
 
 A long FRUIT of anythei; LOBE. Defcribed and 
 fcHib.17. ngur d in fome fort in Baubinus ( c) by the Name of Faba 
 Americana furgatrix longior. ’Tis two inches and I long, 
 an inch and I broad, flat, the edges thick, of an Oval ihape, 
 and dusky afh-colour. Where it was fatten'd to the Lobe , 
 not deprefled, as in the former, but a little produc’d. 
 
 A broad FRUIT of another LOBE. Probably de- 
 wn.'b. 1,. fcnbed and figur’d in Baubinus (d) by the Name of Lobus 
 Membranaceus planus niger. If fo , he fhould not have 
 called it a Lobe , but the Fruit contained in it. ’Tis about 
 an inch and i long, and almoft as broad, flat, and very 
 thm, and of a blackilh brown. One of the edges (harp, 
 the oppofite fomewhat thick. 
 
 A fquare FRUIT of an other LOBE. I find it no 
 where. Tis almoft an inch and I long 5 atone end, an 
 men and 1 broad, at the other, an inch 5 above i an inch 
 thick in the middle, where it fwells up on both fides. Two 
 of the edges oppofite, Convex 3 the other two, Concave. 
 Smooth, and of a blackifh Bay. So 
 
Part II. 
 
 Of Berrys ', &c. 215 
 
 So many of the above-faid Fruits, as are defcribed by 
 Baubinus , or other Authors, are number d amongft Herbs, 
 as if a fort of Beans. But by comparing them all toge¬ 
 ther, and with the Fruit of the Scallop’d Lobe ; they appear 
 to have been all included in the Lobes of feveral forts of 
 Trees. 
 
 The COD of the wild LOCUST of Virginia. Arbor.Lanif 
 Species. Defcribed by (a) Ligon. The Cod fomewhat hard 00 K/?. 0/ 
 and brittle. In length, * a foot 5 fharp at both ends,- in Elrb ‘ 
 the middle an inch and i over. Convex on the back, the 
 Belly plain. Fill’d with white Down, not like Cotton , but 
 that of the Pappous kind of Plants, appendent origi¬ 
 nally to the end of the Seed: but the Seeds are here 
 wanting. 
 
 A fort of SILK COTTON with the SEEDS. Given 
 by Tb. Povey Efq ; . They feem to have been taken out of 
 the Cod of a Tree which grows about Bantam 3 defcribed 
 in Baubinus (b) out of Clufius, by the Name of Lanif era 
 Arbor peregrina. That this Cotton is not fo white as that c ’ 15+ ' 
 of Clufius, may proceed from Age, or fome difference in 
 the Tree. ’Tis rather of the colour of raw Silk., and hath 
 a glofs like it5 extream foft and fine, but not fo long as 
 Cotton vcooll 5 and therefore unfit for Spinning. 
 
 Of this Cotton I fuppofe ijic Cbinefes make their foft 
 thin Paper. And it is probable, That many of our Englijh 
 Plants yield a Down, which would be altogether as fit for the 
 fame purpofe. Tis alfo ufed, by the Indians, inftead of 
 Feathers, for the fluffing of Pillows. 
 
 SECT. 
 
21 6 
 
 Part II. 
 
 Of Shrubs. 
 
 Sect. II. 
 
 Of SHRUBS and ARBORESCENT Plants. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 Of SHRUBS, chiefly. 
 
 / ’T"He DWARF-OAK. The Leaves Ibaped like thofe of 
 
 the Bex, but not prickly. It differs not in the 
 hardnefs of the Wood or Boughs, from the common 
 Oak-, nor in the fhape of the Acorns it bears • feme 
 whereof are alfo here preferved. Yet is it not above a 
 yard in height. Sent hither by Mr. Winthrop , not long fince 
 Governour of Connecticut. In the Inland Parts of New 
 England grow whole Forrcils of this Oak. 
 
 The SEED of the Male HOLLY-ROSE, called Cijlus, 
 mas 5 and the firft in number, according to Clufius. Tis 
 included in a fhelly Cover of a Pentagonal Figure 5 and 
 is it felf alfo angular, ab<*it the bignefs of the Seed of 
 P atience, or La pat hum Sativum. 
 
 The SEED of the fecond Male CISTUS. 
 
 The SEED of the Female CISTUS. The fhell of this, 
 not fo big, norfo fharp at top, as of the Male 5 and both 
 this and the Seed it felt blacker. It may be, becaufe older. 
 
 Upon the Root of the Cijlus grows a Parafitical Plant, 
 called HTPOCISTIS: thejuyee whereof, is commonly 
 condenfed, and fo formed, like that of Liquirijh , into 
 Balls, and fold as a Drug. 
 
 The SEED of the CISTUS LEDON 5 being the firft 
 in order according to Clufius. 
 
 The SEED of the fourth CISTUS LEDON. 
 
 Off of the Cijlus Ledon is gathered, the Drug called 
 , , rrr L flBANVM: whichis a kind of Gummous Exudation, 
 fee Belionius. chiefly found upon the Leaves. ’Tis gather’d (a) in the 
 Dog-Days, and when the Sun (Fines hotted, and therefore 
 not without intollerable labour. Thefe Shrubs grow in 
 
 Cyprus, 
 
Part II. 
 
 217 
 
 Of Shrubs. 
 
 Cyprus, C'reet, France , Spain , isc. In Creet , the Principal 
 Place for Ladanum is at the Foot of Mount Ida. 
 
 The BERRYS of the Indian J AS EM IN with a yellow 
 and moil fragrant Flower. The Oil of the Ben Nut being 
 impregnated with the odor or fpirit 3 efpecially of thefe yel¬ 
 low Flowers, and fo mixed with Pomatum , is that which is 
 commonly called Jafemin Buttyr . 
 
 The FRUIT of the NAMBUGUACU, a Shrub fo 
 called by the Natives of Brafile. Defcribed by Pifo and 
 others with the Name of Ricinus Americanus 3 is Palma 
 Chrifti. Cunoufly figur’d by Tobias Alditius. ( a ) Where M Defer, 
 note. That in the laid Author, through fome inadvertency, ^° f “Y F:ir ~ 
 the Titles of this Plant and of the Spinacia Frdgifera are 
 tranfpos’d. The Seeds are of the bignefs of a Horfe-Bean, 
 fomewhat long, fmooth and gloiFy, afh-colour’d and mix¬ 
 ed with black fpecks. The Kernel white and very oily. 
 
 Given by Dr. Wilkins late Bifhopof Chefter , and to him, by 
 Captain Hinde. 
 
 The Oil exprefled out of thefe Kernels, is not only ufed 
 in Lamps , but by the Natives of Brafile againft all cold 
 Diftempers (b) both outward and inward. Six or feven of WPifon. 
 the Kernels taken inwardly, purge and vomit with great 1 " +,c ' 3r ' 
 vehemency. But a Tincture extracted out of them, is well 
 propofed by Pifo (c) as the fafer Medicine. Although the w iya. 
 Kernels themfelves work fo Wrongly 3 yet is it affirmed by 
 Mr. Stubs, (d) That the Oil which is exprefled out of^ phii. 
 them, hath no Phyfical ( Cathartic If) Operation, although Tranf. n. N 
 a fpoonful of it be taken down at once, or three put up in a 
 Clyfter. The Leaves, faith the fame Perfon, ( e) are the only w Ibid- 
 Remedy, which the Indians ufe for the Headach. Being 
 fteeped in Water or Vinegar, they are daily experienced to 
 cti re the Shingles ( f ) and other like Affections. <• /) pif 0 , u bt 
 
 The FRUIT of the URUCU , a Shrub growing in fu P ra - 
 Brafile. Defcribed by Clufius and Pifo. Bauhinus ventures 
 to call it Bixam Oviedi 3 although Clufius only faith it is 
 like it. In fhape and bignefs, faith Wormius , like an Aurange- 
 Tree. This Fruit is about two inches long, an inch and I 
 over 5 compofed of two Concave Valves 5 below, Oval 5 
 above, Conich and fharp-pointed 3 befet all over with 
 bnfly hairs * of an inch long. Within their Concaves, 
 thirty or more little Grains, figur’d like a Pear , and origi¬ 
 nally of a curious bright red, Ff The 
 
Q iB 
 
 Of Shrubs. P a r t II. 
 
 The Shrub grows wild: Yet the Natives cultivate it in 
 Gardens with great Care and Induftry. For with the fcarlet 
 Grains abovefaid, they paint and adorn themfelves. The 
 Tincture alfo which they extract from them, called OreUa- 
 na, they fell to the Portages, and others which Trade with 
 them. They likewife beat and make them up into Balls 
 (aJ Plfo - and Tablets , which they fend into all parts of Europe. (a) 
 The fame Grains are fometimes mixed with Cbacalet , fbr 
 WXimines the grateful colour and taft which they give to it. (bj Of 
 0 ) Wormius the Barque of the Tree, they make Ropes, (c) 
 
 A fmall Grain, in colour and lhape not much unlike that 
 above-faid , and probably belonging to a Species of the 
 fame Kind, is brought hither from the Barbados by the 
 Name of NOTTA. Yet ufed by Beyers, made up in Cakes, 
 for a Limon-colour. With whom, nothing is more ufual, 
 than to alter the colours of their Ingredients, by the admix¬ 
 ture of Salts, and other ways. 
 
 BEIDEL OSSAR, i. e. The Egg or Cod of the Ojfar, a 
 kind of Syriac Bogs-Bane fo called ; Beid, being the Ara- 
 ufBdiT 1 ' bk t word ( J ) for an E sg- Accurately defcribed by Honor. 
 Bellas. And by Wormius very well figur’d. Yet. Wormius 
 in his Defcription, which he borrows of Alpinus, (with his 
 Author) miftakes, in giving the Name to the Plant, which 
 belongs only to this Egg or Cod. ’Tis foft or skinny, with 
 fomeafperity. About four inches long, at the upper end 
 fharp, and (now) hooked backward. Filled with a com¬ 
 pany of fmall flat Seeds, enclofed in a fine and white 
 Borvn. 
 
 This Shrub grows near Alexandria, upon a Branch or 
 fe) Wormi- Arm of Nilas (e) called Calig. One Plant, at an Incifion 
 of the Barque, will yield no lefs than four pounds of Milk. 
 
 (f) Hon. A Drachm and half of this Milk, (f) will purge a Man to 
 
 Death. But ufed outwardly, is an excellent Remedy for the 
 
 (g) Muf. Itch, ( g ) 
 
 A COD, with the Wooll and Seeds, of the COTTON 
 (b) Lacuna. SHRUB; called Pylon Herbaceum. Said (/>) to have grown 
 heretofore only in JEgypt ; but now is fown, and grows 
 abundantly in Greet, Sicily, and divers other Places in 
 t.urope. The Cod is trivalvous, almoll like to that of a 
 Tulip, or the Peony. Upon the Seeds which are black Oval, 
 and near as big as a Horfe-Bean, hang the greateft part of 
 
219 
 
 Part II. Of Berryf, &c. 
 
 the Wool 1 . They arc compofed chiefly of two long and 
 thin Leaves, admirably rowled up into an Oval Figure ; as 
 I may have occafion elfe where to reprefent. They are 
 fometimes an Ingredient in Pectoral Medicines. Some 
 Cotton Woo!!, though of its felf, pure white 3 yet contrary to 
 Flax and Hemp, loofeth of its whitenefs by being waffled. 
 
 But whether it be that of this Shrub, or that of the Cotton- 
 Tree 5 or whether, according to the Climate, dec. there is 
 not good and bad of both, I determine not. 
 
 SAVINE-BERRYS. About as big as thole of the com¬ 
 mon Juniper, and of a blackilh blew. The little Sprigs, (of 
 which there are fome here) are fquare; and not prickly, as 
 thole of the other Species. The Shrub, called Sabina Bac- 
 cifera, and defenbed by Bellonius, grows plentifully in fome 
 places in A ft a. 
 
 The ROSE of JERICO, or CHRISTMAS-ROSE. Rofa 
 Hierichuntina. Either an ignorant, or a crafty Name, 
 agreeing neither to the place, nor nature of the Plant. For 
 about Jericho ’tis no where found, (a) but in Arabia, upon Ca) g^onF 
 the Ihore of the Red-Sea. A woody Shrub, but grows not us. 
 above a foot or there about in height. Originally of an 
 Aromatick fmell. The Leaves of this are folt, but the 
 Flowers remain, fomewhat lefs than thofe of Cumfrey, and 
 feem toconflfl only of two Leaves. All the Branches are 
 clofed up together, with fome refemblance to the Um¬ 
 bel of the Plant called Bees-Neji, or fome others of that 
 
 Being fet in Water, its feveral Branches will gradually 
 be expanded. Which fome Importers knowing, choofe 
 Chrifimas-Eve for the Experiment, and fo make people be¬ 
 lieve that it only opens at that time. 
 
 ANOTHER of the fame lefs globous, or with the 
 Branches more eredb 
 
 Part of an INDIAN PLANT, in fhape like a Woolh 
 Combe 5 being compofed of a number of ftrait black I eeth, 
 very (harp, near as thick as a CockzSpur, and moft of them 
 two inches long, naturally fet upright, as it were, in a 
 wooden-focket. 
 
 F f 2 
 
 CHAP. 
 
220 
 
 Of Arborefcent Plants. Par t II 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Of ARBORESCENT Plants. 
 
 A SPIKE of LONG PEPPER 5 a fort o f Climber or Winder, 
 alter the manner of Hops, and other like Plants. Not 
 much differing from the Round, laving in the Spike. It 
 grows m Malabar, Java, and Sumatra 5 but efptriaJly m 
 ( f J Bengali, where it is called Pimpilim. See Pifo hereof (a) 
 rmT . ™ Y °PIAN-PEPPER , or rather the Coded-Fruit 
 c hereof. _ Well defcribed by Bauhinus. (b) By Bejler cu- 
 
 noully figur’d. Here, upon one Stalk, hang about 15 Cods, 
 moll of them three inches long, thick 
 
 as a 
 
 —- -* w **£>’ vxxx ' wiv « Goofe-Quill, 
 
 fiDious, and of the colour of Cloves 5 containing ten or 
 twelve blackifh and longilh Seeds, each in a Cell by it 
 felt 5 not half fo big as the lead of French-Beans, which 
 Bauhinus affirmeth them to equal, but more like the Seed 
 of the Laburnum majus. Neither, according to the fame 
 Author, hath it the tail of blacky Pepper, but rather of the 
 (Hove 5 viz. not much biting, yet very Aromatic 4, efpecially 
 being well heated at a fire. 
 
 POI SON-BERRYS. So they are inferib’d. The fruit 
 of a Plant growing in the Bur mud as, fomewhat like to 
 Ivy. They grow in Bunches, almofl as thofe of Round 
 Pepper, and are much of the fame bignefs, almofl of a 
 llony hardnefs, yet mclofed in a thin brittle and pellucid 
 Cover. Whether they were gather’d full ripe, appears 
 
 The COD of a Weji-Indian Plant, called TAXOCO- 
 ('c)Tom.i. QP AMOCHIT. This Cod, but not the Plant, is defcribed 
 cap: 11. anti figur a in Bauhinus. ( c) ’Tis five inches long, ’ an inch 
 broad, and fharp-pointed. Divided into twenty or four 
 and twenty dillinet Cells, made by fo many thin Mem¬ 
 branes, tor the lodging of as many Seeds apart, of a dark 
 <7/ i Lotus anc * P° mc what like thofe of Broom, 
 lab* Brafi- . The COD of a KIDNEY-BEAN of Brajile. (dj I find 
 phrmdc*' i C not Tis Divided into two Cells, by a Partition 
 
 2 ai j lnc n thick. Each of the Cells near two inches and 5 long, 
 and as broad,fwelhng out on both fides the Lobe, which out¬ 
 wardly is very rough and tawny, hath two f urrows along 
 
 the 
 
221 
 
 Part 11 . Of Arbor efcent Plants. 
 
 the Belly, the Back much bowed, and both of them about i 
 an inch thick. 
 
 The BEAN belonging to the laid COD. Bauhinus 
 feems to deferibe and picture (a) under the Title of (a) Tom. 2. 
 •Pbafiolus peregrinus vidgnus , colore Caftanea, cum magno c ^‘' 1 ' 
 hilo , lavis. About half as big again as a Cbefnut , flatifh, 
 and having a broad, blackifh Seat, reaching above half its 
 compafs. Whereby it appears to be of the Bean- kind, 
 and no Pbafiolus $ the Seat whereof, like that of the Lupine , 
 is always round. Of thefe Beans, are here preferved both 
 black and bav. 
 
 The COD of another Brafilian KIDNEY-BEAN, with 
 the Beans enclofed. It differs from the former in being 
 black, and 111 the number of its Cells, which are three. 
 
 The Bean is fomewhat Oval, and wrinkled, and having 
 a Seat which reaches almoft its whole compafs. See a good 
 Figure hereof in Calceolarius’s Mufaum. 
 
 HERCULES’S CLUB. Rubi facie Jenticofa Planta. A 
 tall woody Plant, deferibed in fome fort, and fo called, 
 by Lobelius. Near three yards long 3 how much longer, 
 is uncertain, being cut off at both ends 5 almoft feven 
 inches in compafs, ftrait, and but very little taper’d. Ori¬ 
 ginally, had two or three Branches, here cut off. E11- 
 compaffed with a great many pointed Studs, (whence its 
 Name) thick fet, and fometimes growing double, flatifh, 
 and about an inch broad by the length of the Club , after 
 the figure of the Thorns of the Rasbeny-Bufh. Like to 
 which they are alfo naeerly cortical, having not one fiber 
 of wood in them, whereby they break like Cork, but are 
 not fo foft. The wood is as hard, as that of Holly , and 
 the Pitb but fmall. So that notwithftanding the fimili- 
 tude of their Thorns, yet is it a different Plant from the 
 Rubus. 
 
 The STALK of a Plant like a NET. ’Tis only the 
 woody part of it,the Barque and Pith being both taken away. 
 
 ’Tis above an Eln long 3 likely, when entire, much longer, 
 for now ’tis broken at both ends. Almoft fix inches about. 
 
 The fpaces between the reticulated portions of Wood, arc 
 about ? or I of an inch over , and from two inches to 
 four, in length. Prince Maurice, looking upon This as 
 a Curiofity, upon his Return from Brafile, brought it thence 
 with him- This 
 
222 
 
 Of Arborefcent Plants. Part II. 
 
 This being, as is likely, an Annual Plant, and therefore 
 having a large Pith, and very open Net-wor £, is a confpi- 
 cuous example of the like Work_{ though more orlcfsopcn, 
 yet) obfervable in the woody part of all other Plants wliat- 
 
 (a) See the ioCVCl'. {a) 
 
 Anatomy of Several SPIKES or Heads of MAYZ or Indian- Wheat; 
 
 plants, ch.2. with the Grains, as is not unufual, of three or four colours. 
 
 & 3- TheDefcription of the Plant, with a large Account of its 
 Culture, and Ufe, were communicated by Air. Wintbrop 
 fometime lince Governourof Connecticut in New England: 
 and by me lately publiihed , in a fuccincf but 
 
 (b) Phil, full Relation, ( b ) with fome alteration of the Method. 
 
 Tranf.N. 142 The Plant grows to the height of fix or eight feet 5 
 
 and is joynted like a Cane. ’Tis alfo full of a fweet juyee 
 like that ol the Sugar-Cane. On the Spike grow feveral 
 ftrong thick Husks, which, before it is ripe, Ihutit clofe up 
 round about. Thereby defending it, not only from all 
 Weathers, but alfo the Ravine of Birds, to which, the Corn, 
 while tender, is a fweet and enticing food. 
 
 The Stalks of this Corn, are good Fodder for Cattel. 
 As are alfo the Husks about the Spike. The Indian Women 
 Hit the Husks, and weave them into Baskets of feveral 
 fiilhions. Of the Juyee above-faid may be made a Syrup 
 as fweet as Sugar: which probably, may alfo be made 
 of it, by the ufual method. The Indians eat the ripe 
 Corn either boil’d 5 or more ufually parched ; of it felf, or, 
 as Bread, with Flelh. The green Corn alfo, which, as is 
 laid, hath a fweet Taft, being boil’d, dry’d, and kept in 
 Bags, and when they eat it, boil’d again, they account a 
 principal Dilh. The Englijh, of the ripe Corn, make very 
 good Bread: but it muff be mixed nothing ncar-fo ftiff as 
 our Wheat-Meal. But the bell fort of Food made hereof, 
 they call Samp. Having water’d, and ground it to the big- 
 nefs of Rice, and winnow’d or lifted the Hulls from it, 
 they boil it tender, and fo with Milk, or with Butyr and 
 Sugar, make it a very pleafant Dilh. ’Twas often prescribed 
 by Dr. Wilfon to his Patients here in London. The Indians 
 that live much upon it, feldom troubled with the Stone. 
 The Englijb alfo make very good Beer, both of the Bread\ 
 and of the Malt , made of this Corn. But it will not make 
 good Malt the ordinary way,becaufe,not without fprouting 
 
 both 
 
ART 
 
 ir. 
 
 Of Arborefcent Plants. 
 
 223 
 
 both ways to a confiderable length : whereby it is fo 
 matted before it is fully malted, that it cannot be opened 
 without breaking the Come. To avoid which, they pare 
 oft a Turft about three inches thick, ,md laym/the 
 a? 1 ? °Y er , tJ ! e , bare ground, cover it with the Turff, 
 till the Plot looks like a green Field, at which time, the Corn 
 is well malted Then taking it up in matted pieces, they 
 dry it on a Kiln, or in the Sun. 
 
 The SPIKE or HEAD of the ^EGYPTIAN MAUZE. 
 Given by Sig r . Boccone (formerly Botanici to the Great 
 
 .Duke Ol T~7/ C b/tuv ^ Ji. .1 1 ■ r 
 
 Duke of Tuskany) who brought it with him from Sicih 
 
 wnprp it- ic f _r_ 1 ^ 1 .— 
 
 vvhere it is frequently nurfed fn Gardens. The % ( as 
 Acojia calls them) here grow upon it in feveral Bunches, 
 
 ™ 1K . or tcn in a Bunch 5 two inches and I long, and as 
 thick as the middle Finger of a labouring man 5 being now 
 
 fhrunk up, and perhaps alfo dwarfed by the place of its 
 growth. r 
 
 This Plant, as it grows in /Egypt- and the Indies , isde- 
 tcribed by Thevetu w, with the Title above } by Oviedus, un- 
 der the Name of flat anus, abfurdly received by feme, as 
 himfelf noteth ; by Pifo, who, with the Natives of Bra file, 
 calls it Pacoeira 5 by Acojia, with the Name of Mufa, from 
 the Arabian Mous It grows three or four yards in height, 
 and « of a yard (a) in compafs. Yet this Trunk, fo great, M Theve-- 
 
 * //\1 J \ 1 * " t vi uuo 1 j, Ullik) clCdl) 
 
 is { {>) but annual It hath Leaves above a yard and -i 'f' . , 
 
 lono- inH -L_ 1 - 11 1 __ J (b) Oviedus 
 
 1 ’ — ciuuvt d yciiu ana * 
 
 long, and more than 1 a yard broad. The Pies grow 
 toward the top of the Trunk, near the fhapeand bignefs of 
 
 Z nfrT’ fometimes one or two (r) hundred of W Acoft, 
 them. Of a fo ft melting fubftance, and a fweet and molt 
 delicious Taft. In Bra file, either eaten by themfelves, or 
 ^ ahdicir Manc/ioca-flower 5 boiled, or fryed (d) with ( ^ Hfo . ; 
 
 Part of a fort of MAMBU, a great Indian Cane. In 
 Bauhinus s Pinax called Arundo Arbor. Defcribed by Wor- 
 T?' whereas his was black, This is of a ftraw-colour: 
 
 and much fmaller,/c. about feven inches in compafs. Some 
 
 r™ S row nme y^s high. Tis hollow, quite 
 through, excepting, that at every Joynt, Yis clofed up with 
 a tranfverfe Plate or Floor. NecefTary, for the addnu 
 
 height 11 and fturdme ^ s P ro P°rhonable to fo great " 
 
 lI t> 
 
 a 
 
 it 
 
224 
 
 Of Arborefcent Plants. Part II. 
 
 (a) Wormi- 
 
 US out of 
 Garfias and 
 others. 
 
 (b) Pifo,l. 4. 
 
 c. 1. 
 
 CO Hift. 1 . 4. 
 c. 1. 
 
 (d) Hiji. of 
 Barb. p. 8 6. 
 dec. 
 
 (e ) See Bari, 
 cle Rcb. Bra- 
 fil.p.i 19.dec, 
 
 It grows in Malabar., efpecially about Coromandel, near 
 the Sea-fide. In the feveral hollows is found a curdled 
 juyee, whereof the Natives make a fort ot Sugar, by the 
 /Ethiopians called Tabaxyr, much valued by the Arabians, 
 becaufe of the Medicinal Virtue, (a) they at leaft fuppofe it 
 to have. In Bantam, the Cane is much ufed for the building 
 of their Houfes. 
 
 The SUGAR-CANE. Arundo Saccharina. In Brafile 
 called Tacomaxee ; to which place (l>) it was firft trans¬ 
 planted from the Fortunate Ijlands. A great Reed about 
 Seven or eight feet high, with many Joynts, one at about 
 every i foot, and a large clofe Pith 5 out of which, the 
 greatell part of the Juyee, whereof the Sugar is made, is 
 exprefled. See the Defcnption hereof at large in Pifo (/) 
 and Ligon ; [d) together with the way of Planting, gather¬ 
 ing and preffing the fame ; and of ordering the exprefled 
 Juyee, for the making of feveral forts of Sugar , and 
 Brandy: as alfo the Engines, and contrivance of Veflels for 
 the fame purpofes. 
 
 The principal knack, without which all their labour 
 were in vain, is 111 making the Juyee, when Sufficiently 
 boil’d, to kerne or granulate. Which is done, by adding 
 to it, a Small proportion of Lye made with (vegetable ) 
 Ajhes : without which, it would never come to any thing 
 by boiling, but a Syrup, or an Extract. But a little of 
 that Fixed Salt, Serves, it Seems, to Shackle or Cryftallize 
 (which is a degree of Fixation) a very great quantity of 
 the Ejfential Salt of this Pla?it. 
 
 In refining the Sugar, the firft degree of purenefs, is 
 effected only by permitting the Mol'ofes to drain away 
 through a hole at the bottom of the Sugar-Pots 5 the Pots 
 being, all the time, open at the top. The Second degree 
 is procur’d, by covering the Pots at the top with Clay. 
 The reafon whereof is, for that the Aer is hereby kept out 
 from the Sugar, which, in the open Pots, it hardens, be¬ 
 fore it hath full time to refine by Separation. And there¬ 
 fore, whereas the firft way requires but one Month, this 
 requires four. The fineft Sugar of all, (e) is made with 
 Lime-Water (and Sometimes Urine) and Whites of Eggs. 
 Sugar-Candy (Saccharum cantum, becaufe it fhoots into an- 
 ;ular Figures) by placing a great many flender flicks acrofs 
 
 a Vetlel of liquid Sugar,for it to fhoot upon. 
 
 That 
 
Part II. Of Arborefcent Plants'. 
 
 225 
 
 T lKit which Diofcorides calls Zax.3a.p0v j Galen, Saccbar 5 Is 1 
 Arc bigenes, Sal Indian 5 is the fame tiling for fubftance, 
 faith Mattlnolus, with that we call Sugar ’■ faving that, 
 whereas this is made of the Juyce expretfed and boil’d 5 
 that of the Ancients, as is likely, was only the Tears 5 
 which burfting out of the Cane, as the Gums or Milks of 
 Plants are ufed to do, were thereupon harden’d into a pure 
 white Sugar. That the Sugar of the Ancients was the 
 hmple Concreted Juyce of a Cane, He well conjectures: 
 and what is above-faid of the Mambu, may argue as much. 
 
 But that it was the Juyce or Tears of the Sugar-Cane, he 
 proves not. Nor, I think, could be, if, as is fuppofed, it 
 was, like Salt, friable,and hard. And in affirming our Sugar 
 to be the fame for fubftance with that of the Ancients, he 
 much miftakes 5 that being the hmple Juyce of the Cane, 
 this a compounded Thing, always mixed either with the 
 Salt of- Lime, or of AJhes ; fometimesof Animals too. 
 
 The COD and SEED of the true Greater CARDA- 
 MUM, figur’d by Bejler, in Calceolarias s Mufaeum, and 
 others with the Name of the Middle Cardamum. The Plant 
 it felf, both Lefter, and Greater, deferibed and figur’d by 
 Bontius 5 [a] who glories himfelf the firft that hath done (aj Hjft j 6 
 it will. The Leffer grows about a yard high, with a joynted <*3<5. 
 Stalk, like a Reed. But bears its Spikes, with the Flower 
 and Seed, near the Root. The Greater grows two yards 
 in height, the Stalk not joynted, with a Spike of Flowers 
 at the top, fomewhat like to that of a Jacyntb. Both of 
 them plentiful in Java. 
 
 The Indians feafon all their boil’d Meats herewith, pre¬ 
 ferring it before other Spices, as not being biting. 
 
 That which is commonly received amongft Botanicks 
 for the Greater kind, from the fiery hot Taft of its Seeds 
 ( called Grana Paradifi) feems to be no Cardamum, but of 
 another Tribe. 
 
 The PA Pi R-REED of Nile. Papyrus Nilotica. By the 
 /Egyptians called Berd. Given by Sig r . Bocconeyvho brought 
 it out of Sicily, where it grew. Deferibed and figur’d in 
 Baubinus ; (b) who with Gefner, makes it a Species of Cy- (b)Uh. 18. 
 perns, to which (in Leaf and Staff) it is like 5 but hath a c - 19 °- 
 more compared Head. This feems to have been no tall Plant; 
 but upon its Native Bed, /A near the Banks of the River 
 
 G g Nile, 
 
226 
 
 Of Herbs. Part II 
 
 Nile, it grows above three yards high, (as high, faith Alpi- 
 nus, above the Water) and abundantly. Which Mofes’s 
 Mother knowing, chofe well, to lay her Babe in Pharaohs 
 Daughter’s way, yet, in the mean time, under good Ihelter 
 from the fcorching Sun. 
 
 Both the Barques and Leaves of fome Plants, are ufed 
 for writing upon by Impreflion. But this Plant hath its 
 Name, not from the ufe cither of its Leayes or Barque, but 
 of its Pith 5 whereof, being beaten into a Pulp, the Pulp 
 fpread into thin Leaves, and feveral of thofe Leaves clapt 
 together, Papyr fit to write upon was formerly made, as 
 now it is of Rags. It was alfo ufed by Cbirurgions, as foinc¬ 
 omes Spottg, or Elder-Pith is now, for the dilating of Pi flu¬ 
 ids , and imbibing the famous matter of lll-natur’d 
 Ulcers. 
 
 Another Head of the fame Plant. 
 
 SECT. III. 
 
 Of HERBS. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 (a) Lib.rp. 
 c. 3 . 
 
 Of STALKS and ROOTS. 
 
 T Hc BULBIFEROUS GARLICK, Given by Dr. Daniel 
 Whiflier. So called, becaufe in the place of Seed, 
 it bears Bulbs at the top of the Stalk. Defcribed by 
 Bauhinm ( a ) with the Name of Allium proliferum : al¬ 
 though Bulbiferum , be more appofite 3 for that every 
 Plant which bears Seed, is proliferous 3 the Seed being 
 Plant# Proles , or the Foetus of a Plant. The Bulbs (not 
 fully defcribed) are about twenty 3 in a round Head or 
 Clufter as big as a Nutmeg 5 each Bulb equal to a mid- 
 ling Peas 3 confifteth of four or five fhells 3 of which, the 
 outmoft is fhrunk up to a dry Skin, on one fide, of a pur- 
 plilh colour 5 the inmoft inclofeth that little Particle which 
 in time becomes another bulbiferous Stalk, with a Root. 
 
 Ths 
 
Pa r t II. Of Arbor efcent Plants-. 227 
 
 The STRINGY BRITHWOORT. Ariftolochia Polyr- 
 rhizos. So called in diftinction from the other kinds with 
 tuberous Roots. Defcnbed {a) by Baubinus. It grows fa) Lib. 32 . 
 in France and Spain 3 but this came from Virginia. Of all c ' 81 
 the Species the rnoft Aromatic f , as by tailing the Roots, 
 although now very old, may eafily be perceiv’d. 
 
 The upright PENYROYAL. Pulegium erePtum, Virgi- 
 nianum. It hath a Leaf almoft as large as that of the 
 Pulegium montanum. Yet fmells rather like Thyme. Which 
 is all the defeription it admits, now wither’d. 
 
 A fort of SNAKEWEED, growing near the River in 
 Comieclicut. So called, becaufe the Root is ufed for the 
 biting of the Rattle-Snake. The Roots, efpecially pow¬ 
 der’d, are of a fragrant fmcll, and very Aromatic f talk, 
 
 Yet feems a different Plant from the Serpentaria of the 
 Shops, as having a Leaf deeply jagg’d or fcallop’d, as that 
 of Ladies-Mantle. 
 
 Thfc ROOTS of a fort of Afarum, found about Stani- 
 ford in the Weftern parts of New England. It feems the 
 fame with the Serpentaria of the Shops, i. e. the Virginian 
 Snakeweed. A Plant of excellent ufe in fome Feavers. 
 
 The ROOT NINZIN, corruptly called Genfng. Taken 
 from a parcel fent over by a Chinefe Phyfitian, and given 
 by Dr. Andrew Clench. Defcribed (b) by Guliel. Pifo. (b) MantiiT z 
 Almoft of the colour of a Parfnep, with fomething of a Aromat - 
 ycllowilh hue. No bigger than a little Skirret 5 and of I5 ' 
 like confidence. Not ftringy, as that in Pifo, but divided, as 
 often the Mandrake and fome other Roots, into two Legs. 
 Ofafweetifh Taft, as Pifo faith rightly. But this here is 
 alfo bitter 5 fweet in the firft or loweft degree, and bitter 
 in the fecond. 
 
 This Root is not known to grow (wild) any where, but 
 in the Kingdom of Corea. In which place, as alfo in Tun- 
 quin ,, China , and Japan , it is much ufed, and relied upon 
 111 Epilepfys , Feavers , and other both Chronick and Acute 
 Difcafes 5 either alone, or 111 compofition (c) as the Bafis. . , Jbid 
 In China , accounted fo great a Cordial, that one pound 
 hereof, is there fold for three (d) pounds (weight) of Silver. (J) p!lil _ 
 Winch thews) That there ’tis no Native, but only a Drug. Tranf. zv.14. 
 So that it the Root or Seed be defired frefh for propaga- 
 tion, or other purpofe, it were better fought for, where it agrj-Toin.j. 
 grows wild,than from thence. Gg 2 The 
 
22 
 
 8 
 
 0) Pars 2 . 
 
 c. i. 
 
 (b) Rarior.' 
 PI. lib. 2. 
 c. iS. . 
 
 (c) Lib. de 
 Ealf. 
 
 _ Of Arborefcent Plantr. Part II 
 
 Tlie ROOT of the Egyptian ARUM. Defcnbed by 
 Fabim Columna, (a) with the Name of Arum /Egypt iacum: 
 but called by Alpinus, ( b) Colocafia Strogulorhi^a f. rotunda 
 Rad ice 3 not rightly, as Columna notes. Nor do either of 
 their Defcriptions well reach it. 
 
 This here ( as it is often) is a double Root 3 each of 
 them round, and fomewhat Hat. The uppermoft like 
 tne dry d Root of Arum , white and friable 5 but die Taft 
 is extinct. Full and frim, in breadth or tranfverjly , two 
 inches 3 encompafted with three or four very fmall Circles 
 whereupon fevcral Leaves did once grow: underneath are 
 the portions of feveral fmall dead Stalks 3 on the ’top 
 and tides, the Buds o t others to come. To this, by a Tort 
 Neck between, hangs the lower 3 which being alfo the 
 elder, is more fuzzy and ihrunk up. 
 
 This Defcnption cannot be underltood, without know¬ 
 ing which is very obfervable of this, and a great 
 number ot other Plants 5 and whereunto, no one Bltanick 
 hath adverted: That the Root is annually repaired 
 
 or renewed out of the Stalk it felf. Particularly, of this 
 11ant, that one of its two Roots doth every year penlh, the 
 other is new made- not out of the other Root before it 
 penlhes,but out of the Stalk it felf. The Stalk defeendin- by 
 fuch degrees, as that part thereof which, the laft year, was 
 thelowermoft above ground 5 this year, being funk ( or 
 rather by the appendent ftrings pulled) under ground 
 becomes the upper Root 3 the next year, the under Root • 
 and the year after, rots off 3 another new Root being ftilj 
 yearly made out of the Stalk.' By which way, and not as 
 I ices by the fame numerical Root, this and other like 
 Plants are perennial. 
 
 This Root, the Egyptians eat very greedily, both raw 
 ooil d, and all manner of ways 3 fuppoling them, pravalnie 
 excitare venerem. The Roots of the common Arum boil’d, 
 
 i C !, C ^ ret °f°re eaten among the Greeks : and may talk as 
 well as boil’d Onions. 
 
 A pair of large GINGER ROOTS 3 one of which,when 
 green, might weigh four or five ounces. And is faid to be 
 ctug up, fometimes, of fourteen Ounces. The Plant un¬ 
 certainly defcrib’d. Acofia compares it to that call’d La- 
 chryma jobi 5 Lobelias, ( c ) ro a Reed 3 Garcias, to a Flan ■ 
 
 and 
 
Part II. 
 
 Of Fruits. 
 
 229 
 
 and Bauhinus pictures it accordingly with a trivalvous 
 Cod. Pifo, out of Bontims Papers, gives two Figures, one 
 of the Male, the other of the Female : and fuppofeth, that 
 the uncertainty of Relations hereof may proceed partly 
 from the not didinguifhing betwixt them. The Stalk of 
 the Male indeed feems to have fome little hkenefs to a Flag. 
 But the Seed-Cod is there neither figur’d nor defend'd. 
 
 The bed Ginger grows upon the Coaft of Malabar. That 
 which is preserved with Sugar , comes, or did at lead in Lin- 
 febotus’s time, from Bengala and China. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 OfFRVITS. 
 
 'He great FLAGON GOURD, or rather CALA- 
 
 BASH, for fuch I take it to be, and that therefore it 
 fhould have been placed with that fort of Fruit. Bauhi- 
 nus ( a ) deferibes a Gourd in fhape pretty like to this by th£ W Lib. 
 Name of Cucurbita Lagenaria 5 but mentions neither how c ’ 
 big, nor of what hardnefs the fhell 5 in which latter re- 
 fpedt the Fruit here before us, ( as do mod Calibajhes ) far 
 exceeds all the forts of Gourds that I know. ’Tis very 
 fmooth, and of a parchment-colour: near eleven inches 
 long. That part of the Neck next the Tree three inches 
 and * over 5 next the belly three and the belly it 
 felf, nine inches; or two feet three inches about ; the top 
 deprefled. The fhell as hard almod as a Plum-ft one, and at 
 the fmall end above a quarter of an inch thick. 
 
 A LONG Indian GOURD. I find it not defend’d. 
 Almod of a golden colour5 in length, ten inches ; in the 
 middle, where it is thicked, three over ; from thence it • 
 grows flender to the Stalk; the top Oval. Made angular 
 with ten Ribs, or great Fibers produced by the length, in 
 the middle about an inch diifant one from another, and 
 appearing the higher, by the fhrinking down of the hides 
 between them. The Rind not hard, within, whitilh and 
 very fibrous. The Seeds, black and rough, near ; an inch 
 
 long. 
 
250 Of Fruits. Part II* 
 
 long, flat, oval, and horned, as it were, with two knobs at 
 the Bafe: being chewd, of a very bitter taft. 
 
 The WARTED GOURD. Figur’d, and infomefort 
 (a) Lib. 16. defcribed (a) in Bauhinus. Probably, Lobelius’s Sicyopepon 
 c - l - Strumofus. This is above a foot and 1 about, near 1 a foot 
 long, thickeft towards the top, and there a little depreffed 
 as an Apple. Soft and brittle, and now juft of the colour 
 of Buff-Leather. The Warts or Knobs all round about it, 
 are neither blifters, nor folid, but embofled parts of the 
 Rind. 
 
 Another of the fame Species , but leffcr. 
 
 The LONG WARTED GOURD. Not defcribed. 
 Almoft two feet in compafs, and near a foot in length. 
 In other refpedts, altogether like the former. 
 
 ANOTHER with fmall and few WARTS. About four 
 inches long, towards the upper end, as much over. The 
 colour, and fhape at the top, as of the reft. 
 
 The BROAD TUBEROUS GOURD. Probably that 
 (10 Lib. 1 6 . defcribed and figur’d in Bauh. ( b ) by the Name of Cu¬ 
 curbit a Clypeiforvm f. Melopepon lanes 5 at leaft of kin to it. 
 Of a Buff colour, as the former 5 four inches long, four 
 and v broad; furrounded with undulated Knobs an inch 
 or 11 over, with furrows between each Knob and by the 
 length; depreffed at the bottom3 the top with a knob I an 
 inch over. 
 
 The FLAT GOURD. Melopepo comprejfus alter , Lo- 
 belio. This came from Virginia. ’Tis three inches long, 
 or from the Stalk to the top, and three and '■ inch broad 3 
 at both ends, comprefted like a Bowl. Of a dusky yellow 
 mixed with tawny. 
 
 The Little, Round, Bitter GOURD. Figur’d in Ban¬ 
 te) Lib. 16. hinus (c) under the Title of Cucurbita amara, fruclu parvo, 
 c ‘ I- globofo, colore uaria. The Defcription lies in the Name. A 
 fort of Colocyntbvs. 
 
 The Yellow, Round, GOURD. In Bank, the Fruit and 
 Plant together, entitul’d, Cucurbita afpera, minima, fpbec- 
 rica , crocea, variegata. With a conjecture of its being the 
 fame with that which by Tabernamoutames is called Bepo In¬ 
 die a minor. 
 
 Not only the fhells of Calabajbes, but alfo the Rinds of 
 Gourds, are ufed as Veffels for Gums, and other matter's 
 
 better 
 
Part II. 
 
 Of Fruits, 
 
 23 1 
 
 better than Earth or Wood, as being both light, and not 
 brittle. The little bitter Gourd, being eaten, workcth by 
 Vomit and Stool. The Water diftill’d from unripe Gourds , 
 applied with Linnen, is moil fticcefslul, and a great Expe¬ 
 riment again!! that Heat, called Syriafis, (a) efpecially in o) Bauh-iib. 
 Infants. i<? ' c - , -p 2i 7 
 
 A FRUIT in fhape fomewhat like a WILD CUCU- 
 MER; yet not, as that, hairy, but frnooth. The Seeds 
 alfo of both arc in figure, colour, and tail, altogether alike. 
 
 So that perhaps it may not be improperly called Cucumvs 
 Sylvefmglaber. 
 
 A FRLTT, fuppofed by Clufim, if) to be that of the (E)Exot.lib. 
 EGYPTIAN-BEAN of Diofcorides , a Water-Plant. Tis z,c-13 ; 
 of a brown Bay, and of a foftifh and light fubftance 5 
 the top, which is broadeft, above three inches over,and flat 5 
 divided into about twenty round and open Cells, almofl 
 like an Honey-Comb. In each Cell is contained a Bean or 
 Nut, alike colour’d, of an Oval fhape, as big as a fmall 
 Akom, and in the fame manner pointed at the top. See 
 alfo the Figure in Bauh. 
 
 A Bender COD of GUINY-PEPPER. Capful Siliqua 
 angufta. Pifo (c) deferibes and figures nine or ten forts, all (c >'• 4 
 growing in Brafile, and there called Quiya 5 of which this c ' 5 ‘‘ 
 is the longeft and moll Bender. ’Tis ufed as a great Sto- 
 machick Medicine, and in Sauces, both in fubftance and 
 infufion, in America, Spain, and other Countries, and by 
 many prefer’d before the beft Pepper. 
 
 The COD of the Broad Leav’d DOGSBANE. Siliqua 
 Apocyni latifolij. Given by George Wheeler Efq$. Defcribed 
 and figur’d in Bauhinus: (d) but with the Cods lhorter and 00 L. 15. 
 thicker than their natural fhape. Of kin to that which c ' ,5 ' F * I3> 
 Lobelias calls the Scammony of Montpelier. Along the 
 middle or centre of the Cod, runs a Bender fibrous pillar, 
 to which, and not to the fides of the Cod, the Seeds are 
 faften’d on both fides it 5 and fo encompafled about with 
 Down, wherewith the Cod is fill’d up. A provident fore- 
 caft of Nature to keep them warm. The faid Down con- 
 fifteth not of fingle Hairs, but Plumes, affixed to the Seeds, 
 wherewith they are winged for their being more difperfed- 
 ly wafted by the Aer, and prevent their falling in a ruck on 
 the ground. 
 
 The 
 
2^2 
 
 Of Seeds. 
 
 Part II. 
 
 The CODS of the wild WO AD , ( Glafti Sylvefiris) 
 together with the Seeds therein contain’d. 
 
 A {mall SPIRAL FRUIT. Above an inch long, and i 
 over. It confifteth of five little Cods, all growing upon 
 one Stalk, and thence twilled all together (as feveral 
 firings in a Rope) are at the end united in a {lender point 
 The WATER-CALTROP. Tribute aquations. De¬ 
 fended in Baubinus. A kind of fbelly Fruit of a brown 
 colour 5 divided into four thick and fharp-pointed Spikes, 
 quadrangularly. In the centre of which is lodged a white 
 and well tailed Kernel. They grow in the Rivers and 
 Lakes m Italy and Germany. Where, in times of fcarcity, 
 the people make Bread of the Kernels. 
 
 Some EARS of Tangier WHEAT. Given by the Ho¬ 
 nourable Charles Howard of Norfolk. Efq ; . The Plant 
 deferibed in Baubinus by the Name of Triticum cum mul¬ 
 ti plici Spied For it is a great broad Spike, as it were 
 branched out into feveral little leffer ones 5 yet all clofely 
 compacted: in the middle 1 inch thick, and an inch and 1 
 broad 5 four long, and iharp pointed. 
 
 Some more EARS of the fame fort, brought from Por¬ 
 tugal where it grew. 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 Of SEEDS. 
 
 He THICK FRENCH-BEAN. Pbafeolum maxim* 
 
 tumidum. An inch and ? long, I broad, and I an inch 
 thick. The feat of the Bean , or of its Plancentula , that is } 
 the part whereon it grows, as long ; of a brown colour, 
 with a black rimni. 
 
 The {lender FRENCH-BEAN, of feveral fizes and 
 colours, fc. Red, Black, White or Alh-colour, and the fame 
 fpoted with black. Although thefe are quite different from 
 the Fabaceous kind, yet I have retained the Englifh Name, 
 becaufe in ufe. 
 
 The ROUND fcarlet Pbafeolus. Abrus coccineum majus. 
 Baubinus (a) deferibes it under the Title of Pifum America- 
 num j improperly, for that the Peafen , and the Phafeolous 
 
 kind, 
 
Part II. 
 
 Of Seeds. 
 
 kind, are very different. And for the Figure hereof, by 
 fome overfight, is placed that of a fort of Palme-Nut Tis 
 a fcarlet Fruit about as big as a Rounfeval Peas, and forne- 
 what flat. 
 
 The LESSER AMERICAN-BEAN. About * of an 
 inch broad, almoft fquare, and very thick. The feat of the 
 Placenta, black, which reaches almoft half round the Bean 
 Here are preferved both Black ones, and of a Scarlet or 
 Coralline colour. 
 
 An ORBICULAR Indian PEAS. A large one, fc. I of 
 an inch Diametre •• of a fhining ftraw-colour, mixed with 
 yellowilh Stria as it were in rings: not much unlike 
 the little round ftones wherewith Children play, called 
 Marbles. 
 
 Another ROUND Indian PEAS. About as big as the 
 former, and alfo round. But fomewhat flat on both fides, 
 as a Loaf And of a whitilh colour. 
 
 An OVAL Indian PEAS. A very large one, fc. near 
 an inch long, and above I an inch over; of a long Oval 
 Figure, fo as to refemble a Sparrows Egg. But of a fhining 
 blewifh afh-colour, like a Jafpis. Baubinus (a) figures and ^ ^ lb ' 1 "‘ 
 defcribes a Fruit (or Seed) pretty like to this,with the Name P ' ^ 
 of Pbafeolus Ovo Columbino fere fimilis. But by his De- 
 fcription it is neither of the Phafeolous , nor Fabaceous, but 
 of the Peas-kmd. 5 as both This, and the two precedent 
 ones, alfo are. The CbaraReriftick. of which kind is, To 
 have the Placenta, and fo the Seat of it, always very 
 fmall. - 
 
 The GUINEY-PEAS. Defcribed in Baubinus by the 
 Name of Pifum Americanum coccinem f. Abrus minus. Al¬ 
 though the Abrus majus be of the Phafeolous kind. Tjs 
 of the bignefs of a young Peas, of an Oval fhape, and 
 Scarlet colour, when frefh very pure j and adorned upon 
 t le feat of the Placenta with a black fpot. Here are fome 
 alfo of the fame fort, all over black. They grow in Mada- 
 gafear and China 5 where they eat them not, but only ufe 
 them for weights. In £arope,fometimes for Necklaces and 
 Bracelets for the Wrifls. 
 
 The great CICHE. Cleer rufus major. In Italy, Spaiti 
 and trance etches are commonly fown (as Clover-Grafs) 
 in the Fields. In fome parts of France, they ufe them not 
 only medically, but for food, H h The 
 
234 
 
 (a) Lib. 17. 
 c. ip. 
 
 (b) Ibid. 
 
 Of Seeds. Part II. 
 
 The great LENTIL. Leus major. This alfo is fown, m 
 France , in the Fields, as the Ciche. 
 
 The great Wild VETCH. Vicia maxima fylveftris. 
 
 The CANDY VETCH. Aracboides Honorij Belli , f. 
 Cretica. Defcribed, in Baubinus , (a) by the Author from 
 whom the Name. The Seed it fell, like a little Lentil. 
 Seldom more than one in a Cod. Th cCod is ihort and 
 broad, about the bignefs of a Silver Half-petty ; On the 
 outfide cancellated or lavous, almoft as in the feed of 
 Poppy. 
 
 What II. Bellm affirms (l>) of this Plant, is obfervable, fc. 
 That it bears Cods not only on the Stalk, but alfo on the 
 Roots under ground. 
 
 The KIDNEY-VETCH. Semen Ajithyllidk legutni- 
 nofa. 
 
 The CRIMSON GRASS VETCH. / Catanance. 
 
 The MEDICK FITCHLING. f. Onobrychk. 
 
 The EVERLASTING VETCH 5 fo it feems to be. Vicia 
 piultiflora perennis. 
 
 The EVERLASTING PEAS. Lathyrusperennis. 
 
 The PRICKLY HEDG-PARSLY Seed. Semen Cauca- 
 lidis echinatum. f. Lapp idee Canaria: latifolia. 
 
 The Seed of MACEDONIAN PARSLEY. 
 
 The AZORICK fweet FENIL Seed. Shaped like that 
 of the Shops, but much lefs. 
 
 The Seed of the ftringy BIRTHWORT of Virginia, 
 f. Piflolocbia Virginiana. 
 
 The Seed of Indian SCABIOUS. Somewhat bigger than 
 the common. 
 
 The Seed of the BUGLOSS with the yellow Flower. 
 
 The Seed of a SENSITIVE Plant. /. Herba mimofa. 
 There are feveral Species defcribed by Clufius , and others. 
 That of Clufius, about five handful high, and hath the 
 tall and fmell of Liquirijb. This Seed is of a dark brown, 
 not much bigger than that of a Purple Stock, angular, and 
 frequently of a Rbotnboidal Figure. It takes its Name (as is 
 commonly known) from its Imitation of fenfe or Animal 
 motion. For fo foon as you touch the Leaves, they pre- 
 fently fall, till they lie upon the ground. After a while, they 
 rife again 5 but being touched, fall as before. 
 
 The Seed of VENUS LOOKING-GLASS. Of the 
 
 fhape 
 
Part II. Of Mojfe /, &c. 
 
 235 
 
 fhape and bigncfs of a Fly-blow, but of a dark glittering 
 colour, like pohfh’d Steel. Figur’d and defcrib’d by 
 Mr. Hook. C a) M Mic 
 
 The Seed of PRICK MADAM 5 Sedi minor*. In co- graphia ' 
 lour, fhape and bigncfs, almoft like to that of Fancy-Seed, 
 or the Viola tricolor, but a little lefs. 
 
 The Seed of Wild GARLICK. 
 
 The SEED of the Car duns headed HAWKWEED. 
 
 The Plant defcribed by Bauhitius, but not the Seed. ’Tis 
 i of an inch long, as thick as that of the letfer Hawkweed, 
 and of a yellowifh ftraw colour 5 a little crooked, with the 
 top fwell’d and pointed, and view’d in a Glafs, appears 
 wrinkled round about. 
 
 The Idler Champaine TREACLE MUSTARD-Seed. /. 
 Thlafpios Campeftris. 
 
 The Seed of the great STAR of BETHLEHEM./. Or- 
 nitbogali ji. pleno. Of the bigncfs of Mallow-Seed, and very 
 black j on one fide round, on the other angular. 
 
 The Seed of the VERVAINE MALLOW of Japan, f. 
 
 Alce.ee Japonenfis. Asfmall as that of the common Mallow, 
 but longer and more like a Kidney 5 of a brownilh yellow, 
 yet cover’d with a white, thin, and very fhort Down. 
 
 Summer WHEAT of New England. So call’d (though 
 lefs properly) becaufe fown and ripe the fame year. Whe¬ 
 ther from the Nature of the Grain, or the Soil and Climate, 
 trial hath not been made. 
 
 Sect. IV. 
 
 Of MOSSES, MVSHROONS, &c. Together 
 
 with fome Affiendents to C P lants. 
 
 F MOSSES here are about four and twenty Species. 
 
 Vy Moft of them gather’d in a Wood in Storey, and 
 given by John Evelyn, Efq;. 
 
 The CREEPING TREE MOSSE of America. ’Twas 
 found betwixt Virginia and Florida. It confifteth of feve- 
 ral Threds, fomewhat thicker than a Taylors, cover’d all 
 over with little skiny Scales, hardly vifible without a Glafs. 
 
 Hh 2 
 
 The 
 
Part If, 
 
 236 Of Moffes , &c. 
 
 The greater number of thefe Threds put forth two or 
 three more, and fo thofe as many, repeating them after 
 every two inches, all of equal thicknefs. In which manner 
 they fpread wonderfully both in length and breadth. ’Tis 
 probable, that under thofe little Scales may lie the Seed of 
 the Mojfe. 
 
 The SHIELDY Tree MOSSE. Mufcus arboreus fcutel- 
 laris. So called, for that it grows with feveral broad round 
 Heads, from a * to i an inch over, and a little Concave, 
 not unlike a Buckler. Defcribed and figur'd in Bau- 
 hinus. 
 
 The foft BEARDED Tree-MOSSE. Mufcus arbor.: 
 barbat. Imperati. Defcribed by the Author of the Name. 
 It confifteth of a great number of firings in a duller 5 fome 
 of them at the bottom, as thick as a Knitting-pin, and ; 
 a foot in length 5 all ending as fmall as a fine Thread; and 
 not unaptly refembling a Beard. 
 
 The Cnfp BEARDED MOSSE. Different from the for¬ 
 mer, only in being more rough and woody. 
 
 The FISTULAR Tree-MOSSE. Defcribed in Baubinus 
 by the Name of Mufcus arbor: Villojus. By whom it is 
 miftakenly faid to be woody: it being wholly of a pithy 
 fubftance, and having all its Branches hollow as fo many 
 little Pipes: from whence I have nam’d it. 
 
 The Dwarf PIPE-MOSSE. Different from the prece¬ 
 dent in being fhorter, and more fpread thick and bufhy. 
 That which is called Vfnea Officinorum. 
 
 The HORNED Tree-MOSSE 5 confiding of fhort 
 crooked Pipes. 
 
 The greater FLAT-MOSSE. Mujcus arbor: ramofus, f. 
 latiramis major. Figur’d, as if it were nothing elfe but a 
 branched Skin. 
 
 The dwarf FLAT-MOSSE. M. latiramis humilis. 
 
 The CROWNED FLAT-MOSSE, having a flat Head 
 or Crown on the top. Thus far of Tree-Moffes. 
 
 The greater CAPILLAR Y-MOSSE. Polytrichum 
 
 majjis. 
 
 The leffer CAPILLARY-MOSSE. 
 
 The greater BRAINCHED Ground-MOSSE. Defcribed 
 and figur’d m Bauh. with the Title of Mufcus ter refir is re¬ 
 pens a Trago pilius. 
 
 The 
 
Part II. Of Mopes, &c. 237 
 
 The Idler BRAINCHED Ground-MOSSE. Mufcus 
 terrefim ramofus minor. Of the fame Species with the SkjiU- 
 Mojfe. Defcribed ia Bauhinus, as I take it, with the Title 
 of Mufcus Abietis facie. 
 
 The FIRN-MOSSE. M. filicinus $ fo called from its 
 likenefs to a young Firn-Branch. 
 
 The TOOTHED-MOSSE. M. terreflris denticulatus. 
 
 The feveral ifnngs hereof, border’d on both Tides with jag¬ 
 ged or toothed Membrans. Figur’d and defcrib’d ’ in 
 Bauhinus , under the Name of Mufcus pulcber parvus re¬ 
 pens. 
 
 The fmalleft CREEPING MOSSE. M. terr. repens mi¬ 
 nimus. 
 
 The leffer ground MOSSE with REVERTED Leaves; 
 that is, with their points doubled backward. So Email, as 
 hardly to be obferved diftmctly without a Glafs. 
 
 The CROWNED Ground-MOSSE. The Branches 
 hereof are of an alh-colour, i an inch log, flat and skinny, 
 and crowned at the top with round, flat, and blackiih 
 Heads. 
 
 The greater FISTULAR Ground-MOSSE. The Pipes 
 of this Mojfe are alfo of an afh-colour, about an inch long, 
 and as thick as an Oaten fir aw. 
 
 The leffer FISTULAR MOSSE. The Pipes of this are 
 an inch and 1 high, and as thick as a good big Needle. 
 
 The FLORID FISTULAR MOSSE. M Tubul. Efflo - 
 refeens. The Pipes of this are alfo afhen, {lender, an inch 
 long, with jagged and redilh Heads, fomewhat like little 
 Flowers. 
 
 The CUP-MOSSE. Mufc. Pyxidatus 5 fo called, be- 
 caufe us feveral Sprigs have Concave Heads like little 
 Cups. 
 
 Of Mofes, it may be Noted, That they are all compre¬ 
 hended under two general kinds. One whereof, is pro¬ 
 perly to be called WOODY, or That, in which we find a 
 ffringy or fibrous Part, included within a Cortical: and are 
 therefore to be number’d amonft perfect Plants. Of which 
 fort, are the Terreflris repens 7 Denticulatus,RamoJus,Capi//aris 7 
 Filicinus,Folijs retroverfis 7 Barbatus 7 Scutellatusfs Amercianus. 
 
 The other fimply CORTICAL , whether flat or round 5 and 
 therefore to be reckon’d of the Family of Imperfect Plants. 
 
238 
 
 Part II. 
 
 (a) See the 
 Authors two 
 lull Books Of 
 Plants, the 
 former Of 
 Roots , the 
 latter Of 
 frunp , ef- 
 pecially this 1 
 latter. 
 
 Of Moffes , &c. 
 
 Of which fort, arc the Pyxidatus , Terreftr. Tubular cs, Arbo- 
 reus 7 ubulam f. Vfnea offic. Latiramis , Latiramis Coronatus, 
 Corniculatus , Terreft. Coronatus If? Lubul. ejflorefcens 
 
 The Jagged Tree-LIVERWORT. Lichen arboreus laci- 
 niatus. 
 
 The Curled Tree-LIVERWORT. L. laciniatus 
 crifpus. 
 
 AGreatFISTULAR MUSHROON. So I call it. Given 
 by Sir /?oZ>. Southwell. I find no Defcnption of this Spe¬ 
 cies. They commonly grow upon the Elm. This is Li 
 Cone , as having grown to the fide of the Tree without 
 ftalk. TheDiametre of the Bafe, near i a yard; from 
 whence it rifes above * of a yard in height, narrowing all 
 the way to the top. Girded with feveral Rings of various 
 breadth. Outwardly, very hard and denfe. Inwardly foft 
 and com preflable,like a Pith, and is in fubftance really fuch. 
 Confiding of an innumerable company of fmallfoft 
 Fibers, wrought together almoftas pure fine Wooll in a 
 Hat. The bottom is all over perforated with Pores 5 of the 
 bignefs ot thofe little Fovea in the feeds of Poppy • and are 
 the extremities of as many fmall ftrait and parallel Pipes of 
 a confiderable length, probably, almoft through to the 
 top, as I have feen them in a Idler of the fame kind. Thefe 
 Pores or Pipes may be diftinctly feen without aGlafs. With 
 one, a Slice of the Mufhroon looks like a piece of wood out 
 of which Button-Moulds have been turn’d. Both the fub¬ 
 ftance of the Pipes , and of the other parts of the Mufhroon, 
 fo far as vifible, is anfwerable only to the Cortical, or pithy 
 Part of a Plant. So that it feems to be but half of a per¬ 
 fect Plant,: or wanting the Lignous Part, by which all 
 Plants receive their various Figures, is a kind of Vegetable 
 Mol a ; in comparifon, a rude mifhapen thing. 
 
 That which hath formerly (a) been by me obferved 
 with the help of Glaftes, by the Pith of this Mufhroon is 
 further confirm’d , and clearly reprefented to the naked 
 eye, fc. That the Pith of a Plant, as well as the Wood, is 
 wholly fibrous. 
 
 A fmailer FISTULAR MUSHROON, about four 
 inches in diametre. In which the aforefaid Pipes apparent¬ 
 ly run parallel for the length of near two inches and I, or 
 from the bottom almoft to the top. 
 
 A 
 
Part II. 
 
 Of MoJJes , &c. 
 
 *39 
 
 . A THIRD and FOURTH flail Idler than the former 
 . i Part of the CORK-MUSHROON. ’Tis eight inches in 
 Diametre, exactly of the colour and fubftance of the belt 
 Corf, ft. light,fofficbmpreffibleandfpringy: from whence 
 I name it. In the middle, an inch and I thick, the Circumfe¬ 
 rence very thin ; the upper fide folid, the under divided into 
 feveral Plates by the Diametre,frequently fo joyn’d together, 
 as to make a great many little Cells, fomewhat like to thofe 
 in a Honey-Comb. 
 
 The SPONGE MUSHROON. So it may be call'd, for 
 that it is porous almoft after the manner of fome Sponges ; 
 particularly the Cup-S'punge hereafter defcrib’d. And is al- 
 fo of the fame colour. But hath the fubftance of a Tree- 
 
 Mujhroon. 
 
 The CORAL-like MUSHROON. Defcribed in Bau- 
 hinus amongft Moj/es , with the Title of Mufcus Coralloides. 
 Figur’d by Lobelias » 
 
 The SCARLET CATSTAIL MUSHROON of Malta. 
 Fungus Typhoides coccineus Meliterifis. Given by Sig r . Boc- 
 cone , and by him defcribed and figur’d, (a) 
 
 The round Venimous MUSHROON of the Hazle. 
 F. Coryleus orb. venen. 
 
 The HART-FUSBAL. Tuber cervinum f. Cervi Boletus. 
 So called, from a falfe Opinion, that they are there only 
 found, where Deer go to Rut. Defcribed by Bauhinus. 
 
 I find no Defcription 
 hereof. ’Tis in length * a foot 5 at the lower part, half an 
 inch thick, or in Diametre; in the middle, two inches 
 and 1 5 the top, oval or elhptick; not unaptly refembling 
 the Boon critton-Pear. Of a brown colour, &|W, denfe, 
 and tough, almoft like G/eir. Bemg fir’d, it 
 burns with much flame, melts into a good deal Oil, and 
 
 yields a frnoak of a grateful AromaticT fmcll. /^H?-y? .3^^ 
 
 The KERMES BERRY. Coccuni f. C&anum fnfcclorium. 
 Commonly, but abfurdly, fo called; as not being a Fruit, 
 but only a round Ball or Button , nouriftied on the Boughs 
 and Leaves of the Dwarf-Ilex , or the Ilex Coccigera ; a 
 kind of Shrub , in France , Spain , and Italy, ■ with prickly 
 Leaves, like a little Holly-Bujh. This Berry when frelh 
 gather’d ( which is at the end of May and the beginning of 
 June) is full of a Crimfon Juyce,or Pulp, fo called, whichftor 
 . the 
 
 (a) Defc. 
 Plant. Rari- 
 
240 
 
 Of Moffos, &c. 
 
 Part II. 
 
 fa) Phil. 
 
 1 ranf. N. 20. 
 p. 363. 
 
 (b) Ibid. 
 
 N. 87. 
 p. 5059. 
 
 (c) Phil. 
 
 1 ranf. Nyi. 
 p. 2165. W. 
 72. p. 2177. 
 
 N. 73 - P- 
 
 2 xgd. com¬ 
 pared with 
 N. 87. p. 
 
 5 ° 59 - 
 
 the moll part of it, is a heap of fmall red Mites. And con¬ 
 tained! alio, as is probable, one or more Maggots, which 
 feed upon the Mites. 
 
 The faid Juyce or Pulp (as it is called) is made ufe of 
 for the Confedtion of Alkermes, and other purpofes. For 
 the Beyers ufe, the Berrys are fpread abroad upon Linnen, 
 and to prevent heating, turned twice a day. When the 
 Mites creep out and cover the Berrys, they are fprinkled 
 with Vinegar, and rub’d a little, and fo feparated by a 
 Scarce 5 repeating, till the Berrys yield no more. Of this 
 Pulp, Powder, or Heap of Mites, are formed little Balls, 
 and fo expofed to the Sun to dry. The ufe of the Vinegar, is 
 to lull or weaken the Mites and Maggots, which other- 
 wife would turn to little Flys (rather Bees .) The empty 
 Husks, being wafhed with Wine and dry’d, are put up in 
 Sacks, either alone, or with a quantity of powder in the 
 middle. This Account I have drawn up out of the Qb- 
 fervations communicated by Dr. William Croon (a) from 
 Mr. Verny an Apothecary at Montpelier, and thofe of 
 Mr. Lyfter, (b) which illuftrate each other. 
 
 To the Remarques above mention’d,I fhall add one more, 
 which is, That as the Pulp or Powder, fo called, is a Clulfer 
 of fmall Animals: fo the Husk it felf is an Animal Body, 
 as it were grafted on the Stock or Leaf, whereon it grows 5 
 and fo converteth all the nounfhment it denveth thence 
 (as Bread eaten is turned*^ Flejhfo into its own Anfriial 
 Nature. And that the faid Husk is really an Animal Body, 
 appears by that fetid feent it gives, like that of Horns, Hair, 
 and ithe like, upon its being burnt. A property, which 
 I find belonging to no Plant whatfoever, except to fome 
 Sea-Plants, as in the following Section (haUfcednftanced. 
 So that, though in compliance with the Vulgar Opinion, I 
 have placed it here, yet ought it to be treated of amongft 
 Animals. 
 
 Englijh KERMES BERRYS. Obferved, and fent by 
 Martin Lyfter Efq;. Together with feveral Remarques, re¬ 
 lating both to the Foreign kind, and to This, (c) This, 
 he found upon the Plum, Vine, and feveral other Trees, ef- 
 pecially the Cherry. The Hus ft of a Chef nut colour, con¬ 
 taining tour or five Maggots of the Bee-kind, producing a 
 Bee lefs than an Ant ; together with a Pulp or Heap of 
 
 Mites , 
 
Part II. Of MoJJes , &c. 241 
 
 Mites, (as the other Kernies) on which the Maggots feed. 
 
 The empty Husk ., rub’d upon a white Paper, tinged it with 
 a beautiful Purple or Murrey. 
 
 The principal difference which I note betwixt the For- 
 reignand thefe Englijh Berrys, now dry, is, Thatinthofe, 
 the powder is red, and more bitter, in thefe white, and 
 lefs bitter. But whether the powder in thefe alfo was not 
 once red, I cannot fay. For in fome even of the Forreign 
 Berrys, I find it white. Which I the rather note, that 
 they may befeparated by Apothecaries from the reft, as be¬ 
 ing ftark naught. 
 
 COCHINELE. Coccus Radicum. The former Name, 
 feemeth to be but the diminutive of Coccus. The latter, 
 grounded upon the Opinion, That as the Kermes Berry 
 grows on the Body and Leaves, fo this, on the Roots, of 
 Plants, efpecially on thofe of Pimpinel 5 yet in fome places 
 only. Further, I find no certain account. To me, thus 
 much feems evident. That’tis neither a Vegetable Excre- 
 fcence, as fome furmife 5 nor an Infect, as others: yet 
 an Animal Body, as the Kermes Berry, by fome Infect 
 affixed to a Plant; and thence nourilhed for a time, but ga¬ 
 ther’d before it be fill’d with Mites or Maggots. For being 
 held, as the Kermes Berry, in the flame of a Candle ; it ufu- 
 ally huffs and fwells, but always ftinks, like Flair or Horn 
 when they are burnt. 
 
 A fcrupleof Cochinele added to an ounce of Saccharum 
 Saturni , makes a moft curious Purple ; but I believe 
 fading. 
 
 A GREAT GALL, which grew upon that fort of Oaf 
 deferibed by Clufius in the third place; and frequent in 
 Spain. ’Tis now of a dark brown , and fmooth; of a 
 Spherical Figure, with a few fmall knobs here and there 5 
 as big as a little Apple, fc. near two inches in Diametre. 
 
 Ii 
 
 SECT, 
 
242 
 
 Sea-Plants. 
 
 Part II. 
 
 Sect. V. 
 
 Of SEA-PLANTS. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 Of SHRUBS. 
 
 T Find, upon particular Obfervation, that of SEA- 
 SHRUBS there are two general kinds. Such as are ftrict- 
 ly woody, that is, have the colour and fibrofity of Wood, 
 and burn and fmell like Wood. And Rich as are, in a man¬ 
 ner, horny, or look, bend, burn and fmell like Horn. 
 
 A WOODY SHRUB. Frutex marinm vere ligneus. 
 Tis here cut off from the Root. About a foot in height, 
 with four Branches fpread out as broad, and cover’d with 
 feveral thick Knobs of a fort of foftilh white Coral h the 
 fides of which Knobs are a i of an inch thick 5 the furface 
 almoft like that of Pogpy-Seecf. 
 
 ANOTHER, near a * of a yard high, as thick as the 
 Ring-Finger, with white and hardifh Incruftations upon 
 the tops of its Branches. Any ftrong Acid droped on the 
 faid Cruft, caufeth an Effervefce?ice: fo that it feerns to be a 
 Coralline fubftance. 
 
 A THIRD, with the Branches broken, and without a 
 Cruft, three or four inches high, and as thick as the middle 
 Finger. 
 
 A FOURTH, with the Branches alfo broken, and with¬ 
 out a Cruft. Tis a frnall one ; but hath a very large Root, 
 curioufly fpread all-over the backfide of an Oyfler-JheU. 
 
 And it may here be obferv’d, That the Roots not only 
 of this, but almoft all Sea-Shrubs, inftead of bang Rami¬ 
 fied, are fpread out in the form of a Skin or Membrane, 
 
 and fo ftick faff to fome hard and fteady Body as their 
 
 Bafe. 
 
 Another flender one, about a I of a yard high, but the 
 Root broken off 
 
 A 
 
Part II 
 
 Of Shrubs. 
 
 A FLAT WOODY SHRUB. Frutex M. ligneus, expan- 
 fus, ramidi 6 coeuntibus. In all the former, the Branches are 
 expanded every way: in this, only one way, or in breadth. 
 Tis alfo of a fofter fubftance, and more brittle. Of a Pur¬ 
 ple colour, almoft like the woody part of Alfanet Root. 
 Above ( a foot high, and as broad. Several of the Branches 
 united together, as in the Sea-Fan. Some of thefe Shrubs 
 were found near the Straights of Gibraltar. 
 
 The Horny SHRUBS are alfo of two general kinds; 
 either with the Branches loofe; or clfe united together. 
 
 A great tall HORNYSHRUB with L O O S E 
 BRAINCHES. Frutex Corneo-ligneus major erebiior folutis 
 Ramuhs. ’Tis above a yard and ( high. Confifteth of 
 five or fix principal Branches, equal to a Tobacco-Pipe- 
 Stalf where thickeft; having fcarce any callateral ones. 
 Bends like Whalebone , and both without and within, looks 
 not unlike to that, or Blacky Horn. And in like manner, 
 curies, huffs or {wells, and (Links in burning. The Root 
 cut off. 
 
 ANOTHER of the fame, i of a yard high, and more 
 branched. 
 
 A THIRD, with more numerous Branches than the 
 former. Cover’d with a very thick, but (oft Incruftation; 
 originally of a Purple colour, but now for the molt part 
 turned brown ; curioufly perforated, as it were with Pin¬ 
 holes, all round about. Probably the foundation of one fort 
 of .perforated' Coral. 
 
 A great ARBORESCENT HORNY SHRUB. Half a 
 yard High, and a foot in breadth, being fpread in the 
 form of an Oaf, with great Branches about as thick 
 as a mans Thumb. The Stock, fix or feven inches in 
 compafs. The Root fpread upon a (tony Bafe, and of a 
 brown colour. The Branches black both without and 
 within; and (well, or huff, and ftink, like Horn, in 
 burning. 
 
 ANOTHER, fpread alfo, in part, as a Tree. Half a 
 yard high, and near as broad. Of a blackifh colour; and 
 (finks a little in burning; but fwells not. Cover’d with a 
 very thick,but foft purple Cruft. To feveral of the Branches 
 are alfo curiouily faften’d the WOMBS or NESTS of a 
 certain Infebij as big as a Horfe-Bean , of a roundilh figure; 
 
 1 1 2 with- 
 
244 Of Shrubs. Part If. 
 
 within, whitilh, fmooth and glofly 5 without, cover’d with 
 the laid foft and purple Cruft. 
 
 A fmall HORNY SHRUB with LOOSE Branches. 
 The Root is curioufly fpread upon a Stone like a thin skin. 
 The Trunk of a yellowifh brown, and thick as an Oaten 
 fir aw , divided into {lender Twiggs, to about a foot in 
 height ; flexible, and having a foft and white Pith. Being 
 burnt, they not only fend forth a very {linking fmoke, but 
 alfo fwell into a light and fpongy Cynder , juft like that of 
 Whale-bone , Covp-Horn , Leather , or other like Animal-Body. 
 Mold of them are cover’d with a foft afh-colour’d Cruft. 
 Neither Oil of Vitriol , nor any other, except a Nitrous 
 Acid, droped upon this Cruft, caufeth an Efervenfcence. 
 Which fhews the Salt therein contained, to have affinity 
 with that in the ftones bred in Animals. 
 
 TWO more fmall HORNY and incruftated Shrubs. 
 
 TWO more, growing together on a ftony Bafe, not 
 Incruftated. 
 
 A FLAT, HORNY SHRUB, with LOOSE Branches. 
 Frutex Corneo-lig 7 ieus,expanfu 4 , folutis Ramulis. In all the 
 former, the Branches were expanded every way : in this, 
 only one way, or in breadth. The Root fpread like a 
 Membrane, upon its Bafe, as in the former. ’Tis near I a 
 foot high, and almoft i broad, fhaped not unlike a Fea¬ 
 ther-Fan , formerly inufe. The Trunk i of an inch over, 
 divided into a great number of Branches round, black, 
 fmooth, fomewhat flexible, and having a Pith. In burning 
 they huff and ftink, as the former. Cover’d with a foft and 
 alh-colour’d Cruft , all over knobed with little Veficles,which 
 are fometimes perforated. 
 
 ANOTHER more tall, and with both a White or Grey, 
 and Red Cruft ; not on the fame but feveral Branches. 
 The former, knobed 5 the other, as it were daubed upon 
 the Branches. Given by Sigh Boccone , and by him alfo 
 figur’d. 
 
 ANOTHER of thefe growing Double, or divided next 
 the Root into two fpreading and parallel Bodies. 
 
 A flat HORNEY SHRUB, with more NUMEROUS 
 Branches. About a foot broad, and near as high. Rooted 
 m a kind of Brain-/tone. Without any Cruft. The Branches, 
 as more numerous, fo {lender, longer, and more flexible, 
 fo as to be fomewhat bearded. ANO- 
 
Part II. 
 
 Of Shrubs. 
 
 245 
 
 ANOTHER, with lefs numerous Branches, and SEMI- 
 I’ERSPICUOUS , if held up againft rhe light. Above a 
 foot high, and 1 broad. It neither huff's nor ftinks fo much 
 in burning, as do the former. 
 
 A Flat HORNY SHRUB with COLLATEARAL 
 Branches. Frutex corneo-ligneus filiciform'ts, So I name it. 
 In all the former, the Branches are reciprocal, or not of 
 equal height on both fidcs the great Stemm: in this, juft 
 oppofite, as in a Feather or Branch of the Male-Fime. 
 Near a foot high, and five inches broad. The fmall or 
 fide Sprigs are round, as in all the former. But the middle 
 Stemm is flat. Both This and the others, Semiperfpicuous. 
 They ftink in burning, but fwell not. Cover’d with a foft, 
 purple, knobed, and perforated Cruft. 
 
 ANOTHER large one, with two middle Stems, but all 
 the lide Branches broken off! In height I an Eln. The Root 
 of a light and skinny fubftance, fpread abroad fo,as to make 
 fix inches compafs. 
 
 ANOTHER not fo tall as the former, (about a foot high) 
 but the middle Stems thicker. The collateral Branches 
 here alfo broken off. 
 
 Another fmall one : but with the Root curioufly fpread 
 upon itsftony Bafe, like a thin fmooth Leafe. Moftofthefe 
 flat Shrubs grow in the Mediterranean-Sea. 
 
 A Flat SHRUB with UNITED Branches. Frutex ex- 
 panfus, Ramulis coeuntibm. ’Tis afoot high, and i a yard 
 broad. Divided reciprocally into feverally Branches, con¬ 
 taining a Pith. In all the foregoing, the Branches are all 
 loofe or feparate 5 in this, fome of the fmalleft meet in one, 
 as Inofculated Veins, or as the Fibers in the Leaves of Plants. 
 Of a blackiih colour, and fomewhat fetid upon burning. 
 Cover’d with an afh-colour’d, foft, and knobed Cruft. 
 
 ANOTHER, with the Branches and Conjuctions much 
 more numerous, fo as to make very clofe Work. Near a 
 foot high, and almoft as broad. Stinks in burning, and is 
 cover’d with a knobed Cruft , as the former. 
 
 A Great SEA-FAN. Frutex m. maximus,RETlCZ> LATZJS , 
 f. Flabellum marinum maximum. In the 'two former, only 
 fome, here all the Ramifications are united, fo as to make 
 one entire piece of Net-work, inthefhapeof a Fan. ’Tis 
 above I of a yard high, and almoft a yard and I broad. 
 
 The 
 
246 Of Shrubs. Part II. 
 
 The Root wonderfully Ipread upon its ftony Bafe. For 
 being extended every way, fome of its Skirts meet under¬ 
 neath, and fo embrace it round about. The Branches of 
 a blackilh brown, and fwell and funk, like Horns, in burn¬ 
 ing. Cover’d with a foft Cruft , originally Purple, but now 
 for the mold part faded into an afhen colour. 
 
 ANOTHER large SEA-FAN, *of a yard high, and f 
 an Eln broad. Incruftatcd as the former. It hath this pe¬ 
 culiar, ft. out of the fides of it, grow feveral other fmall 
 Fans , about a I of a yard long (more or lefs) and near as 
 broad. 
 
 TWO more large SEA-FANS, above ! a yard high, 
 and as broad. Incruftatcd as the former. Of one of thefe 
 Fans , and about this bignefs,fee an elegant Figure in Calceo- 
 (<0 Sea. 1. lariwss Mufteum. (a) 
 
 THREE Midling SEA-FANS, near I a yard broad, and 
 a foot high. Incruftatcd as the others. 
 
 THREE fmall SEA-FANS. Two of them are a S of a 
 yard high, and as broad. The Third, is lefs. Yet hath 
 feveral little netted Labels growing on the fide. All three 
 incruftatcd, as before. 
 
 A SEA-FAN with CLOSE Net-work. Whereas the 
 former confided of more open work 3 as by comparing 
 even a leffer of thofe herewith, is apparent. Neither hath 
 this any Cruft. Tis i an Eln high, and a foot broad. Seve¬ 
 ral of the fmaller Ramification, thin or flat, ft. tranfverfly 
 to the breadth 5 looking like little Splinters of Whalebone. In 
 burning, it fwells, and ftinks, as the others. 
 
 ANOTHER of the fame, but not above a foot high, 
 and near half as broad. This alfo is naked or without any 
 Cruft, as the former. Moll of thefe Fans grow in the Ame- 
 rican-Ocean. 
 
 &35*?at C the' Wormius, fpeaking of Sea-Shrubs (b) hath this paffage, 
 end. —Minim profed'o, quomodo bujus generis vegetabilia ex ijs 
 
 (faxis puta) nutriment urn trahere vale ant. Whereas’tis plain, 
 That they receive no nourilhment from them, but the Sea- 
 W <tfer,and fuch nutritive Bodies wherewith it is impregnated. 
 And it is therefore obfervable, That although the Trunk 
 and Branches of thefe Shrubs are of a clofe and denfe fub- 
 ftance; yet their Roots are always made foft and fpongy 
 (efpecially when recently gather’d’) the better to imbibe 
 
 their 
 
Part II. 
 
 Of Sea-Tlants. 
 
 243 
 
 their Aliment. So that the ufe of the Stone, or ftony Body, 
 on which they ftand, is only to be a Safe to keep them 
 heady, and in the mold convenient pofture for their 
 growth. 
 
 Thefe, and other Sea-Plants hereafter deferib’d, {linking, 
 as is (aid, like Horns, in burning, and fome of them not un- 
 eafily procur’d, it may be worth the Trial; Whether in 
 HyjiencaU Epileptic i , or other like Cafes, they may not 
 prove more effectual, than Animal Bodies. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Of other SEA-PLANTS, and of SPONGES. 
 
 HTHe HORN-PLANT. Tuba marina ; as it may be 
 1 called from its form. ’Tis about two yards and ? 
 high. At the bottom, not two inches about ; from whence 
 it grows thicker all the way to the top, where it is feven 
 inches in compafs, and of an Oval Figure. Hollow quite 
 through from the top till within about two feet of the bot¬ 
 tom. The fides no thicker than a Hazle-Nutjhell. Not 
 woody, but tough, like the young Barque of a Tree, or a 
 piece of tail’d Leather 5 and within, of a like colour; but 
 black without. It grows in the Weji-Indian Ocean. The 
 Indians cut off the top and fo much of the fmall end as is 
 fohd, and lining the infide with a fort of Glew, or of 
 Lacker, make themfelves Horns hereof either for Hunting, 
 or other ufe. 
 
 A Tuft or Bunch of CORALLINE. Defcnbed and 
 figur d by moft Botanicks. I add (what I think is unnoted) 
 
 That the inward part of this Plant is truly Ligneous or Fi¬ 
 brous : the outward, from whence its Name, being only a 
 C ruft growing upon it, as in the Shrubs above defcnbed. 
 
 ’Tis efteemed an excellent Remedy againft Worms. 
 
 FLAT CORALLINE, as it may be called, or Spangle- 
 Wort. Defcnbed in Bauhinm (a) by the Name of Opuntia (a( Lib. 39. 
 marina. By Ferranti Imperafo, (b) with the Name of Serot- ^ 3 u °.' d and = 
 lara. It confifteth wholly of Leaves,joyned edge to edge,as (Ij^Lib, 27. 
 in the Indian-Fig ; Somewhat round,and fcallop’d, and not 
 
 much 
 
248 
 
 Part II. 
 
 (a) Lib.27. 
 
 (b) Lib. 35>. 
 
 (c) Lib. 27. 
 
 (d) De Plan¬ 
 ets Rariorib 
 p. 70. Tab. 
 
 3 »- 
 
 Of Sea-Flants. 
 
 much bigger than a filver Spatigle. The inward part of the 
 Leaves is fibrous, and by fmall woody Threds are tacked 
 together. But, as in Coralline , covered all over with a white 
 Crufl 3 which, in like manner, makes a ftrong Ejfervefcettce 
 with Acid liquors. 
 
 The BEARDED SEA-WRACK. Fucus capi Haris tuiFlo- 
 rius,f. Roccella. Figur’d in Imper at us 3 ( a) And out of him, 
 in Bauhinus. ( b) But without a Defcription. Neither will 
 it admit an exact one, now dry. ’Tis three inches and • 
 high, and five or fix about. The Root, in compafs, two 
 inches, one in height, divided into a great number of fmall 
 capillary Branches or Sprigs, thick fet, as in a Broom or 
 Beard, very brittle, and of a faded Ftuple. It grows in the 
 Eaft-Indies. Of excellent ufe, efpccially heretofore, for the 
 making of Tinffures both for Painting and Deying. 
 
 A fort of the common SEA-Wrack, called Alga Vitra- 
 riorum. \ 
 
 The BLADDER’D SEA-WRACK. Alga Veficaria f. 
 conifera, as it may be called 5 having on the tops of its 
 Branches feveral Conick Bags, an inch, or an inch and * 
 long, warted round about, and originally fill’d with a light 
 and fuzzy fubftance. 
 
 The WARTED SEA-WRACK. Fucus verrucofus Impe- 
 rati. (c) On which grow a great many veficular and foft 
 Knobs all along the Branches, as well as on the top. 
 
 The BROADEST SEA-WRACK. Alga latiffima Ment- 
 branacea. The Root hereof, ftringy. The Stalk, round, as 
 thick as a Goofe-Quill, and about five inches high. From 
 thence ’tis fpread, by degrees, into a thin Skin too inches 
 and i broad. 
 
 ANOTHER of the fame Species, but not fo broad. 
 
 The POUNCED SEA-WRACK. Alga marina 
 Baubbio. Poro Cervino, Imperato. ’Tis wholly diilributed 
 into flat Branches, a I of an inch broad, almoft after the 
 manner of a Stags Horns. Of a ruflet colour, and as it 
 were all over pounced, fomewhat after the manner of a 
 Rue-Leaf, or that of St. Johns Wort, when held up againft 
 the light. 
 
 The SPIRAL SEA-WRACK. It winds about, very 
 , curioufly, with a great many Circumvolutions, almoft like 
 a very deep Siren-. Defcnbed, figur’d, and given by Sig r . 
 Boccone. (d) The 
 
P a r t IL Of Sea-Plants, 
 
 The SEA-MILFOYLE. Myriophyllum pelagium. f. Muf- 
 cus maritimus filicis folio. Chifius hath a Figure fomewhat 
 anfwerable to this Title, and out of him Bauhinus. Yet 
 either'it is faulty, or of another Species. His, reprefented 
 with alternate Branches. Here, they are collateral, as in the 
 Male-Firne. And curioully denticulated, in the like man¬ 
 ner. It grows in very deep Gulfs of the Sea. 
 
 This Plant hath the fame odd property, with feveral of 
 the Sea-Shrubs before dcfcribcd ; which is, that being fired, 
 it makes a ftrong ftinking fmoak, like that of burnt Bones, 
 Horns, or other partsof Animals. And may therefore be 
 defervedly commended by Cortufus againft Worms. And Yis 
 probable, all the reft of the ftinking kind, fome of which 
 are much more plentiful and eafily procur’d, may have the 
 like Virtue. 
 
 The STEM of another Sea-Plant, Perhaps of affinity 
 With that in Bauhinus , entitled, Coralloides lent a fx-ni culacea. 
 The feveral Sprigs hereof are toothed, as in the Sea-Mil¬ 
 foyle , but with finer or fmaller Work. Itftinks, upon burn¬ 
 ing, as the former. 
 
 SEA-HEATH. Erica tnarina. Defcribed and figur’d 
 in Bauhinus. Who yet omits the coalition of all the 
 Branches in a round and plain Bafe. 
 
 SE A-MOSSE, fomewhat like the Sea-Heath. The 
 Branches hereof are united in a ftiort Trunk. From whence 
 they rife up to the height of three or four inches, and are 
 then multipli’d into others. About the thicknefs of a final! 
 Rajh , all over lhaggy, with fibrous hairs or bnftles. Hath a 
 ftinking fmoak, as the former. 
 
 The BEARDED SE A-MOSSE. A Congeries of tough 
 or pliable, yellowilh, capillary Threds or Strings, almoft 
 cylindrical, or of the fame thicknefs from the bottom to 
 the top 5 where the moftpart of them are as it were horn¬ 
 ed or forked. It makes a crackling noife, in burning, and 
 {links, but lefs than the Sea-Milfoyle. 
 
 The FISTULAR SEA-MOSSE. Bauhinus defcnbes a 
 Sea-Plant (without a Figure) by the Name of Fucus cams, 
 but of a quite different kind 5 fc. with the Leaves like a 
 Fillet. Whereas this is a Clufter or Brulh of cylindrical, 
 pellucid, and ftrait unbranched Pipes, about the thicknefs of 
 a great Hitching Needle, 
 
 SEA- 
 
 K k 
 
250 
 
 Of Sea-Plants. P a.r t II. 
 
 SEA-BLOBBER. Veficaria marina. Spuma Maris Ceefal- 
 pino. Baubinus deferibes two forts, That,which is branched; 
 and This, which is not. ’Tis a duller of fmall roundifh 
 Bladers, almoft in the fhape of little Oyjlerjhells ; of a light 
 brown colour, all over veined with Fibers, like the uter. 
 Cover of a Plumftone. Which makes it the more doubt¬ 
 ful, whether it be an Animal Body, or a Vegetable. Which 
 foever, it is fuppofed the Matrix of a Sea-bifeH. 
 
 Another CLUSTER of die fame fort, but confifting of 
 fmaller Bladders. 
 
 The ROPED SEA-BLADDER. I find it no where men¬ 
 tion'd. This is alfo wrought with fibrous Veins, as the for¬ 
 mer. But the Bladders are of a different fhape, not with 
 convex, but fiat and parallel tides, and the Fibers princi¬ 
 pally running along and near the edges. Neither are they 
 clutter’d in a lump, but joyn’d together, one after another, 
 with a Ligament of the fame fubftance, almoft like a Rope 
 of Onions 5 faving that they are all 011 one fide. They 
 ftink, upon burning 5 fuppofed to be the Matrix of thofe 
 Shells whereof the Indians make a fort of Money, which 
 they call lFampanpeage. 
 
 A GREAT SPONGE, of the common kind ; of a flat 
 Oval Figure, and almoft a yard and half in compafs. 
 
 The SHAGGY-SPONGE. Spongia Villofa. It hath no re¬ 
 gular fhape. Of a Texture more rare, than of moft if not 
 all the other kinds. And with fmall fhort capillary Fibers, 
 as it were fhagg’d all round about. 
 
 The FUNEL-SPONGE. Spongia Infundibulum. De- 
 fenbed in fome fort by Clufuis , and from him by Wormius. 
 Figur’d by Baubinus , without a Defcription. This here is 
 two inches and ’ in height 5 the Rim, near three inches 
 over. The fides about I th of an inch thick. Of a Tex¬ 
 ture far more compact and clofe, than the common 
 Sponge. Yet the Surface all over wrought with little 
 round Pores, almoft as in a Poppy-Seed: in fome places 
 vifible to the naked eye, but better through a Glafs. On the 
 infide, they are in fome places a little bigger, and near the 
 Rim difpofed into fhort Rays. Its Bafe, inftead of a Root, 
 as in Sea-Shrubs, is ipread out upon a hard lfone, toacon- 
 fiderable breadth. 
 
 The Little BRANCHED SPONGE. Of much alike 
 
 T exture 
 
Part If. 
 
 Of Sea^P lands . *25 
 
 Texture and colour with the common kind. But finely 
 riling up and diftributed into feveral Branches, folid or not 
 hollow, about * of an inch over, like a fpng of Coral. 
 Given by Sig f . Boccone. 
 
 The BRUSHY-SPONGE. This alio is branched, and 
 the Branches not hollow. But much more numerous. 
 The Trunk fomewhat denfe, two inches high, and thick as 
 a Goofe-Quill. Divided into three principal Branches, and 
 thefe into about thirty more of the fame thicknefs with the 
 Trunk it felf, two or three inches long, perforated with 
 fome larger pores, as the Funel-Sponge , and near their tops, 
 a little flat, and forked. 
 
 The CATSTAIL-SPONGE. This alfo is ramify’d ,fc. into 
 three large Branches, not hollow, riling up ftrait, and im¬ 
 mediately from the Root, to a foot in height 5 below, I 
 an inch over; at the top an inch, not unlike the 
 Head of the Typha major, or a Cats-Tayle. To thefe, three 
 other lefler Branches are appendent. All of them of a 
 blackilh colour,and a rare Texture,but the Fibers fomewhat 
 more thick and ftubborn, than in the common fort, and fo 
 woven, as to make fome larger fuperhcial Pores. The Root 
 or Bafe is fpread out upon a ftone. The Ramous Sponges are 
 fometimes found about the Iflands of Fero. 
 
 The HOLLOW CONICK SPONGE. About a quar¬ 
 ter of a yard high, and half a yard about. It confifteth of 
 fiftular Branches, of a Conick Figure, riiing higher and 
 higher, fmooth within, without porous, and as it were a 
 little jagged. 
 
 The HOLLOW CYLINDRICK or PIPE-SPONGE. 
 Prom the Bafe rife up four or five Pipes, above an inch 
 over, fmooth within, and tuberated without, with fome re- 
 femblance to the Cor allium Venucofum. Its Texture fome¬ 
 what clofer, than of the common Sponge. 
 
 The FLAT HOLLOW SPONGE. Near five inches 
 high. Below, above two inches broad ; above, more than 
 three. Confifteth of two flat yet hollow pieces, above four 
 inches deep , but without, diftindt for die fpace only of an 
 inch and i Within alfo fmooth, and without tuberated, as 
 the former, but more bluntly. 
 
 All Sponges ftink, more or lefs, upon burning, as the 
 
 K k 2 Horny 
 
5 3 Of Sea-Plant*. Part II. 
 
 limty Sea-Shrubs. So that it is a property belonging to moil 
 or the Vegetable Productions in the Sea. 
 
 It is the Opinion of fome, that Sponges have fenfe, be- 
 caufe faid to ihrink, if they are pluck’d ; and are therefore 
 reckon d among ft Zoophyta. But of that property I doubt 
 very much. For a Sponge being a fpringy Body, and fo 
 extenlible, and yielding a little to one that plucks at it • fo 
 foon as he lets his hold go, it will, from its elafticity, ihrink 
 up again. Which motion of reftitution, fome probably 
 have miftaken for the effect of a Cap-Senfe. ’ 
 
 No Sponge hath any Lignous Fibers, but is wholly com- 
 prefled of thofe which make the Pith and all the pithy parts 
 of a Plant. Yet vaftly thicker, and their Texture much 
 more rare or open, foas to be vifibleto a good eye, efpe- 
 ciahy affifted with an ordinary Glafs. So that a Sponge, m 
 itead of being a Zoophyton , is but the one half of a Plant. 
 
 PART 
 
Part III. 
 
 2 53 
 
 PART III. 
 
 Of Minerals. 
 
 Sect. I. 
 
 Of STONES. 
 
 GHAP. I. 
 
 Of ANIMAL BODIES PET RIFT'D; 
 
 and fucb lt\e. 
 
 I T hath been much difputed, and is not yet refolv’d, of 
 many fubterraneal Bodies, which have the femblance 
 of Animals , or Parts of them, Whether they were ever 
 fuch, or no. And I am not ignorant of the Arguments 
 offer’d on both hands. If I may fpeak my own fenfe a 
 little. Why not? Is there any thing repugnant in the 
 matter ? Why not a petrify’d Shell, as well as wood ? Or 
 is the place ? If Shells are found'under ground, far from 
 Sea, or in Hills, unchanged 3 as we are fure they are 3 then 
 why not petrify’d ? Or is the form, to which no Species 
 of Shells doth anfwer ? The alfertion is precarious: no 
 man can fay, how many are known to fome one or other 5 
 much lefs, how many are not known: I have reafon to 
 believe, that fcarce the one half of the under Species of 
 Shells are known to this day. And fo for Artificials: if 
 Coy ns are found, every day under ground, then why not 
 fometimes alfo Pictures, and other Works, in time petri¬ 
 fy’d? And although Nature doth often imitate her felfj 
 yet to make her in any cafe to imitate Art, is unphilofo- 
 phical and abfurd: for the one, a natural reafon may be 
 given, not for the other. On 
 
234 Of Animal Bodies petrify’d. Part III. 
 
 On the other fide: although Nature cannot be faid to 
 imitate Art: yet it may fall out, that the effects of both 
 may have fome likenefs.Thofe white Concretions which the 
 Italians, from the place where they are found, call Confetti 
 de Tibuli, are fometimes fo like round Confers, and the 
 rough kind of Sugar'd-Almonds,that by the eye they cannot 
 be diftinguifli’d. To call thefe Petrify d Sugar-Plums, were 
 
 fenfelefs. What if we find in fome Stones underground 
 the hkenefs of a Crofs ? Doth not Sal Ammoniac often fhoot 
 into millions of little ones? Or do we find in other Stones 
 the refcmbl'ance of Plants ? Why not naturally there, as 
 well as, in Frofty Weather, upon Glafs Windows ? Or as 
 Med ReI ' 8 ' Saits f° metimes %ure themfelVes (as Sir Tb. Brown, ( a ) and 
 (b) Phil. Dr. Daniel Cox (b) obferve) into fome likenefs to the 
 fosf ^ ants w fi ere °fi ar e made. Nay, why not too, a Face, 
 or other Animal Form ? Since we fee that there are divers 
 Palm-Nuts which have the like. That the Volatile Salt of 
 Harts-Hom , will lhoot it felf into the likenefs of little 
 branched Horns. That of Flejh or Blood, into the fliape 
 of little flat fibrous Tendons or Mufcles, as I have often 
 obferv’d. And though I have not feen it my felf, yet I have 
 C) S/yTho- been told bv one (c) that doth not ufe to pliancy thines 
 tomi ' ln8 c fi at the Volatile Salt of Vipers, will figure it felf into the 
 femblance of little Vipers. But there can be no convincing 
 Argument given, why the Salts of Plants, or Animal Bodies^ 
 wafhed down with Rains, and lodged under ground • 
 fhotild not there be diipofed into fuch like figures, as well as 
 above it ? Probably,in fome cafes,much better, as in a colder 
 place 5 and where therefore the Work not being done in a 
 hurry, but more flowly, may be fo much the more regu¬ 
 lar. I fhall now come to the Particulars, and leave the 
 Reader to judge of them. 
 
 Part of the Upper JAW of a ftrange HEAD, toge¬ 
 ther with fome fragments of other Bones, and three very 
 Great Double TEETH,or Grinders,all fuppofed to be of the 
 fame Animal. Found, about twelve years iince, feventeen 
 feet under Ground, in Cbartham -a Vlllage three miles from 
 Canterbury. The Ground within twelve Rods of the River 
 running thither, and fo to Sandwich-Vlsvcn. An Account 
 hereof is written by ■ Mr. William Sowner: yet without a 
 Defcription of the Jaw. But fuppofing it to be part of 
 
Part III. And Stones lihjj them. 255 
 
 the Head of an Hippopotamus, takes occafion thence for a 
 Difcourfe, wherein he endeavours to prove, That all the 
 low Ground from the Eafi-Kentijh (Fore, to Romney-Marjh, 
 was once under Water, and an Arm of the Sea. Publifhed, 
 lince his Death, by his Brother Mr. John Sonnier: in whole 
 Ground thefe Bones were dig’d up; and by whom they 
 were beftowed upon this Mufeum. 
 
 This Jaw-Bone, is only part of the far Cheek; about 
 fifteen inches long, and (even where deepeft: yet part of 
 both the ends, and the Sockets of the Teeth are broken off'. 
 
 The Orbit of the Eye, neither fo round, nor fo big, as in 
 the Hippopotamus : yet the Teeth far bigger. For the bigeft 
 Grinder in the Head of the Hippopotamus here preferv’d, is 
 lefs than fix inches about: one of thefe, near eight. And 
 ’tis much, if they belonged to that Animal, that none of 
 the long Cutters which grow before (as is reprefented in 
 Tab. 1.) fhould be found with them. 
 
 Befides, in that Skull of the faid Animal, the Orbits of the 
 Eye ftand fo high, and the Forehead lies fo low, that it looks 
 like a Valley between two Hills: whereas in this Bone, the 
 Forehead evidently (lands higher than the Eve. The Knob 
 alfo at the Corner of the Eye in this Bone, is fix times as 
 big, as in the faid Skull. Although this perhaps, as well as 
 the tuberoufnefs of the Bone in fome places, may be the 
 effect of its lying fo long under ground ; as if it were there¬ 
 by a little fwell’d in thofe places: for they are more rare 
 and foft, than the other,and the whole Bone, than the Skull 
 of any grown Animal not bury’d. Confidering all toge¬ 
 ther, it feems to me more likely to belong to a Rhinoceros , 
 for the being whereof in this Country, we have as much 
 ground to fuppofe it, as of the Hippopotamus. See Wormius s 
 Defcription of the Double Tooth (a) of a Rhinoceros. M Muf - lib* 
 
 A PETRIFYD CRAB. Carcinites. It feems to be of 3 ' 
 the undulated kind; whereof fee the Defcription in Ronde- 
 letius. Tis very hard and folid, and as heavy as a Pebble. 
 
 Yet diffoluhle with Acids. There is one pretty like this in 
 Aldrovandus, (b) under the Name of Pdgurus lapideus. (b)yiubam 
 And another in Bejler. Metallic™. 
 
 A FIS H-M OLD. Ichthyites in modum Typi. There 
 are feveral figures of Fifhes in Stones in Bejler, Aldrovandus, 
 and Mofcardo. In Aldrovandus alfo of the Heads of Birds, 
 
 Beads 
 
25 6 Of Animal Bodies petrify d. Part HI. 
 
 Beafts and Men, in Flints. Sept alius hath a Head in Mar- 
 W°f Gems n e- And Mr. Boyle (a) a Pebble with a Serpent (all but 
 the Head ) per tartly ihap’d, and coy I’d up in it. All tliefe 
 (except perhaps the laft ) are either femblances on a Plain, 
 or at lead in folid Stones. But this here is hollow, and 
 was fo found in the JJland-Sea. About five inches long 5 
 now fplit into two halfs, like thofe of a carting Mould. 
 On the infides of which, are fairly imprefs’d the form of 
 the Spine , with the Ribs, Fins, and Tail, of a Filh. With¬ 
 out, a long Plate of the fime fubftance, grows to each 
 fide 5 and others crofs to thefe: as if to the Mould of the 
 Filh, were alfo added that of its Funeral Cloaths. 
 
 This Stone, for confidence, is like that called Saxum 
 Limofum, foft, inequal, and unpolifhable. Of a blewifh 
 hue, like that of Tobacco-Pipe Cby, with fome very frnall 
 glofly Grains intermixed. Not only Spirit of Nitre, but 
 Oil of Vitriol droped upon it, diflolves it, and is excited 
 into a violent Eftervefcence. But the Saxum Limofum dirs 
 not with any Acid. So that it is to be rank’d amongd the 
 Gypfo-limofa , or Calcilimofa. 
 
 A petrify’d BONE,taken out of a Gravel-pit in St. James 
 Fields , above eight yards deep. 
 
 A Stone like the VERTEBRA of a Fifh. Given by Sir 
 Philip Skippon. It may be called SPONDYLITES. 
 
 Part of the SPINE of another Fifh, confiding of feve- 
 ral Vertebrae. ’Tis hard and ponderous ; yet diflbluble 
 with Acids. It breaks flaky, as the Lapis Judaicius, and 
 many others, or with plain and glofly hides. 
 
 The TOOTH of a TIGER,growingtoakind of Lime- 
 ftone. ’Tis about as big as that defenbed in the Firfl Part, 
 and of the fame fbape and colour. 
 
 A fquare crooked TOOTH, not much unlike that of 
 a Bevir. 
 
 A very great DOUBLE TOOTH or GRINDER. ’Tis 
 about five inches long, and two broad; twice as big as a 
 Sea-Horfe s. The flumps feern to have been fiw’d off. The 
 top divided into feveral Points and Ridges, as other double 
 Teeth. Of agreyiih colour and glofly; ponderous, and 
 hard as a Flint or the hardefl Pebble. 
 
 ANOTHER of the fame lhape, but not an inch long. 
 Befler hath one like this, under the Name of Pfeudocorona 
 Anguina. The 
 
Part III. Jnd Stones lify them. 257 
 
 The SHARKS TOOTH. Glof/opetra: fo call’d, for 
 that thefe Stones were fabled by fome to be the Tongues of 
 Serpents , in the Kle Malta or Me lit a , turn’d into Stones 
 ever fince St. Paul Preached there. But the Englijh Name, 
 is much more anfwerable to the lhape. Which yet is va¬ 
 rious, as well as the fize and colour; as afh-colour’d or 
 black, long or broad* ftrait or crooked, with the edges 
 toothed or plain. Of the brown, ftrait, indented and 
 broader fort here are feveral very great ones. One, three 
 inches broad; and four, long: with the exerted part, 
 fmooth; the Root, rough. Every way, in lhape, fo like 
 the Tooth of a Shark, that one Tooth cannot beliker to 
 another. Yet if it be fuch, then by comparing thofe in 
 the Head of a Shark , with This, That to which This be¬ 
 long’d, to bear a juft porportion, mull have been about 
 fix and thirty feet in length. 
 
 A GLOSSOPETRA, growing to a ftony Bed. ’Tis of 
 a lightilh colour: and was brought as is fuppofed, from 
 Melita. 
 
 ANOTHER, of a Idler fort. The Root of this is 
 rough, as of the reft. But not expanded with the exerted 
 part, as is ufual, but of a globular Figure. 
 
 Thefe Stones are dilfoluble with any Acid. Whereby it 
 appears, That (befides fuch Metallick Principles they are 
 fometimes tincftur’d with) they abound with an Alkalizate- 
 Salt. They are found not only in Melita , but in Germany, 
 and many other places. Figur’d by Aldrovandws (a) and by fa) M.ifcm 
 others. ' 
 
 DRAGONS TEETH. Given by Sir Phil. Skjppon. 
 Glofopetrce Claviculares. So I call them, becaufe they 
 feem to be of the fame kind; and are long and flender, 
 fomewhat like a fmall Nail; and much more like a Tongue 
 (fc. of lome fmall Bird) than any of the former. 
 
 The GOATS-HORN. Tephrites Boetij ; from its alhen 
 colour. S elenites Cardani ; from its almoft Semilunar 
 Figure. Inwardly, ’tis of a blewifh Grey. Outwardly* 
 mixed with oblique and white ftreaks. Of a bended figure, 
 yet with one end thicker than the other, not unlike a Goats 
 Horn ; whence I have taken leave for the Englijh Name. 
 
 Broken at both ends, yet above 1 a foot long, and two 
 inches and 1 where broadeft. The Belly or inward Ambit, 
 
 L1 an 
 
258 Of AnimalBodies petrify d. Part III 
 
 asi inch over, and furrow’d 3 the Back fomewhat edged. 
 I is found in Germany, Moravia, Silefia, and other Parts.* 
 Gcnni° s e & dc ^ Scruple (a) hereof in powder, is an excellent 
 LapicT K S udorifief • Spirit of Nitre droped hereon, diffolveth it with 
 an Effervefcence. 
 
 The FISHES EYE. Opbthalmites. A parcel of them 
 given by Sir Philip Skippon. ’Tis a kind of Pifolythus. 
 But by fome of them, the Humors of the Eye, with the 
 Tunica live a, and therein the Iris, are not ill reprefented : 
 lor which reafon I have plac’d them here. 
 
 SOME other Varieties, from the fame Hand. 
 
 The HERMAPHRODITE. Commonly called Hyfte- 
 
 (b) Lib. 37. rolithos. By Pliny, (h) Diphyes, more properly 5 as repre- 
 c - I0, fenting, in fome fort, the Pudenda of both Sexes. Weil 
 
 defcribed by Wormius. ’Tis a black Stone,not much broader 
 than Half a Crown 3 very hard, and dilfoluble with no Acid. 
 Accounted an Amulet againft Hyfterical Fits. 
 
 Another oi the fame fhape, but ldfer. 
 
 A foft BUTTON-STONE. Echinites albics. Given by 
 Sig r Boccone. Ol thefe Stones there is fome variety, with 
 feveral Names, but confounded by Authors. They all 
 agree, in having fome hkenefs to the (hell of the Button- 
 Fiji. This refembles that mod with all Email prickles. 
 Ol a white colour. Not very hard, and difloluble, with 
 Acids. See an excellent Figure hereof in Calceolarias s 
 Mufaeum. 
 
 ■ Another of the fame Species and colour. 
 
 THUNDER-STONE or hard Button-Stone. Brontias. 
 So called, for that people think they fall fometimes with 
 Thunder. Yet different from the Ceraunias. This is 
 Raped like a little round Cake. Very hard and indiffolu- 
 ble with Acids 5 being a kind of yellowifh and opacous 
 Pebble. 
 
 Another, a Idler one of the fame Species. 
 
 A THIRD, alfo very hard ( as all of them are) but Se- 
 vFiperfpicuom. 
 
 A FOURTH, which is a whitifh FLINT, ftained with 
 blew fpecks. 
 
 A FIFTH, a fmall one, and having a little flinty Stone 
 
 (c) Defigur. growing to the middle of it on both (ides. Thisparticu- 
 
 uo'ibid. 3 ' ^ ai ^- v re ^ cm bhng Gefners Ombrias. (c) Or the Stone lent 
 c. 12. ’ him by the Name of Lapis Hyeeniae. (d) A 
 
Part III. Of Animal Bodies fetrifyd. 259 
 
 A SIXTH, fomewhat oblong and llriated all round 
 about. 
 
 The SERPENTS EGG. Ovum Anguinum. From the 
 roundnefs, and form of Snakes Tailes pointing upward, and 
 towards the middle of the Stone. This alfo is an Eih'mites , 
 and by Ferranti lingerato called Hiftrix Marinas getrifica- 
 tus. Agricola makes it a fort of Brontias. It mod refembles 
 that fort of Button-Fijh, with feveral Orders of great Knobs 
 or Prickle-Bafes, divided by Idler 5 defcribed in the Firft 
 Part of this Catalogue. 
 
 A STONE with the SIGNATURE of a Button-Fijh 
 upon it. So that it was once a Bolus or Clay. 
 
 The {oft OVAL HELMET STONE. Given by Sig c . 
 
 Boccone. So I name it from its limilitude to the fhell of the 
 Echinus Sgatagus , (a) which the Englijh call Helmet-Fijh. [if 
 Oval, to diftinguifh it from the Conick, Soft, as being very 
 brittle, and eafily diifoluble with Adds. Several of thele 
 Stones are figur’d by AUtovandus , ( b) with the Name of fi) Mufeum 
 Scologendrites. And fome leaves after, divers others not Metallio 
 much unlike, with that of PentaghyHites from its liknefs in 
 fome part alfo to the Cinquefoyle. 
 
 ANOTHER of the fame kind, with four narrow Fur¬ 
 rows, compofed of fine fhort Rays, and meeting in the 
 form of a Crofs 5 to which a fifth is added, more broad. 
 
 Tis fomewhat hard, yet diifoluble with Spirit of 
 Nitre. 
 
 The HARD OVAL HELMET-STONE. Tis anopa- 
 cous Flint, and of a dark colour. But figur’d as the 
 former. 
 
 ANOTHER, alfo flinty,and opacous 5 but betwixt citrine 
 and yellow. 
 
 A THIRD, opacous and white. 
 
 A FOURTH, with one half, opacous and yellow 5 the 
 other, whitifhand Semiperfpicuous. 
 
 A FIFTH, fomewhat rounder and more deprdfed than 
 the former; and may therefore more particularly be called 
 Pentaghyllites. Some of thefe Ambrofinus ic) hath mifplaced ( c ) Aidrov. 
 with the AJlroites. m. Metal!. 
 
 The blunt CONICK HELMET-STONE. It hath, as 
 it were, the Signature of the Echinus Sgatagus. But rifes 
 up in the form of a Cone. Of which Figure I have not 
 
 L 1 2 yet 
 
260 
 
 (a) Muf. Me- 
 ullicum. 
 
 Of Animal Bodies petrify d. Part III. 
 
 vet feen any Jhell. The top is blunt, and of a middle height. 
 Encompaffed with five double pricked Rows, all meeting 
 in the fore part of the Belly. The fpaces betwixt which, 
 arc cancellated much after the manner of the Sea-Tortoife- 
 fhell. Tis a perfect Flint, brown without, and whitifh 
 within. 
 
 ANOTHER of tire fame fort, with bigger pointed 
 Rows. 
 
 A THIRD, of the fame Figure, but fo of a kind of 
 
 Limy fubftance, or that of Gypfum. 
 
 The SHARP CONICK HELMET-STONE. Tis a 
 Semi pellucid Flint. Surrounded with five double pointed 
 Rows, meeting not only on the top, but alfo at the centre 
 of the Bafe or Belly. Bejler figures a fmall Conick. Helmet, 
 by the name of Echinites: a great one, by that of Scolo- 
 pendrites. And feveral Species hereof are alfo figur’d by Al- 
 ■ drovandus. (a) None of the flinty or other hard Helmet 
 Stones make any ebullition with Acids. 
 
 The HELIX or Stone Nautilus ; as from its Figure it 
 may not improperly be nam’d. Cornu Ammotm 5 From 
 Jupiter Ammon , pictur’d with Horns. Here are feveral 
 of them, both in fize, fhape, and fubftance diftinct. I 
 find no Author defcribing them much broader than the 
 ball of a mans hand. The higheft Boetius reckons, about 
 three pounds in weight. But in this Mufaum there is one 
 near two yards in circumference, and proportionably 
 thick. Of an Afh-colour,and fomewhat gritty fubftance.The 
 feveral Rounds,as it were,carved with oblique waves. Given 
 by the Right Honourable Henry Duke of Norfolk. With, 
 
 ' ANOTHER GREAT CORNU AMMONIS almoft 
 as big, fc. about five feet round about. 
 
 A SMALL CORNU AMMONIS, of an afhen colour, 
 and foftifh fubftance: yet diftbluble only with Nitrous 
 Acids. It maketh but one or two Rounds 5 ratably, fat- 
 more fwelling, than in the other kinds. 
 
 ANOTHER, of a foft and whitifh fubftance ; diftbluble 
 in any Acid, and confifting of feveral Rounds. 
 
 A THIRD, growing upon a Stone of a like fubftance. 
 Figur’d in Calceolarias'Mufueum, and that of Olearius 5 in 
 both under the Name of a Petrify d Serpent. 
 
 The CASED CORNU AMMONIS. The outer part 
 
 of 
 
26 1 
 
 Part IIL Of Animal Bodies petrify’d. 
 
 of this is diffoluble with Spirit of Nitre: of a Ihining black- 
 ifh colour, thin, and as it were the fhell of the far greater 
 part within it. This alfo is very gloffy, and tranfparent as 
 Glafs. Of a brittle fubftance, breaking into fquare flakes, 
 like thofc of a flaky Spar. Yet no Acid will ftir it. 
 
 The HARD CORNU AMMONIS. ’Tis a perfect 
 whitifh and pellucid Flint. Thefe Stones are found in 
 Germany. 
 
 Note, that if one of thefe Stones be broken, the feverai 
 Rounds will part fo, as the ridges of one, and the anfwer- 
 able furrows of the other, are apparent. 
 
 Likewife, that in fome of them, there is not only a ridge, 
 but a round part about as thick as the biggeft firing of a 
 Tenor Viol , winding round between two Circumvolutions, 
 as the Medulla Spinalis runs within the Back-Bone. 
 
 The Helick SERPENT-STONE. Ophites Ammoneus.See the 
 Defcription hereof in Wormius, with the Title of Lapis Sce- 
 leton Serpentinum ferens. ’Tis of kin to the Cornu Ammoms • 
 wrought all over with Stria, imitating the Scales of a Ser¬ 
 pent. " In fome parts of This, rather the jagged Leaves 
 of a Plant. Of a pale Okre colour, but fomewhat hard, 
 and diffoluble only with Nitrous Spirits. 
 
 ANOTHER, which in the room of Scales or Leaves, is 
 wrought all over, and as it were joynted, with futures in 
 the form of an f. obliquely waved from the rim towards 
 the centre. Which Articulations are not only on the Sur¬ 
 face, but, as Wormius well notes, in its intimate parts. This 
 is of a dark amber colour, and fomewhat hard 3 yet maketh 
 an Effervefcence with Spirit of Nitre. 
 
 The HELICK MARCASITE. Marcafita Ammonea. So 
 I name it, for that it hath the fame Eigure with the Cornu 
 Ammonis, and to the firft of thefe in Boetius, is next a kin, 
 if not the fame. Yet appears to be a fort of Marcafite or 
 Gold colour’d Fire-Stone 3 both by its Weight,, and Cop¬ 
 peras Taft. And fome of them are cover’d with Vitriolick 
 Flowers. Ambrofinus ( a ) figures two of thefe under the c«)Muf.Me* 
 Title of Cryfammonites: not fo properly, as not having a talL Aldrov * 
 grain of Gold in them. 
 
 The HELICK MARCHASITE,having (hallow Furrows 
 on the Rim. 
 
 ANOTHER, with fome alfo channell’d. 
 
 A 
 
2(52 
 
 (a) Ubi 
 pra. 
 
 (b) Aldrov. 
 Muf, Metall. 
 
 Of Animal Bodies petrify d. Part IIL 
 
 A THIRD, with the utmoft round far more fw ellin°', 
 than m the other kinds ; having its Centre lying deep, and 
 its front fpread wide on both Tides. 
 
 A FOURTH, of all, the molt flat, and with a iharp or 
 edged Rina. Wrought all over, with undulated StriJ[ a l- 
 nioft as in the Serpent-Stone. Thefe two laft, particularly, 
 - 1 ' figur’d in Aldrovandns. ( a ) 
 
 A FIFTH, with the Rounds, on one fide, all concave : 
 fo that it looks almoft like one fplit through the middle. 
 
 A SIXTH, beded within a tuberated Fire-Stone. 
 
 Several final] ones, of the kinds above- mentioned 
 
 The SHORT WHIRLE-STONE. Trochites. 
 
 The LONG WHIRLE. Turbinites. There are feveral 
 of them. In one, the feveral Rounds are hollow: a ground 
 to Delieve it was once a fhell. 
 
 The WHIRLED or SPIRAL MARCHASITE 
 
 The Cofuck SNAIL-STONE. Cocblites pyramid ahs. 
 Veiy buttle, and rnaketh an Effervefcence with any 
 
 Divers others SNAIL-STONES; feme of them of a 
 Limy fubftance, others perfect Flint. 
 
 The SEA-OYSTER-STONE. OJlrites Cymbiformis. 
 Shaped almoft in the figure of a Boat. In the right fide 
 efpecially there is as it were the fignature or feat of the 
 Animal. So that one can hardly doubt of its being once a 
 fhell. Yet this kind of Stone is fometimes found many 
 miles from Sea or any great River. 
 
 A Petrify d Oyfier and Wilk_ growing together. 
 
 A great petnfy’d SCALLOP. Figur’d by Ambrofinus 
 (b) with the Name of Hippopechmtes. Given with feveral 
 more of the fame bignefs, by Mr. Wicks. ’Tis 
 
 half a foot over. Many of the fame kind were taken out 
 of a great Rock in Virginia, forty miles from Sea or 
 River. 
 
 The fmaller PECTINITES, with fmooth ridges. 
 
 ANOTHER, of a kind of Lead-colour. Dilloluble with 
 
 Acids. 
 
 The Coralline PECTINITES, furrow’d, and wrought 
 al over with the Species of fine Needle-WORK. Alfo fo- 
 luble with Acids. 
 
 A blackifh PECTINITES, a per fc£t Flint. 
 
 A 
 
PA r t III. And Stones lihg them. 
 
 A foft Stone of a blewifh grey, with part of the Belem- 
 nites growing to it on one fide, and a PeUinites on the 
 other. 1 ! i ' 
 
 A petrify’d COCLE immerfed in a Flint. 
 
 The SMOOTH SPONDYLITES, with an Oblique 
 Navle. 
 
 ANOTHER, with an Oblique Navle, all over ftriated. 
 
 A THIRD of the fame, furrow’d. 
 
 A FOURTH, alfo furrow’d, and with the Navle fharper 
 and more produced. So hard, as fcarcely diffoluble with 
 any Arid. 
 
 A FIFTH, with a ftrait Navle, and numerous Joynts. 
 
 The OXES HEART. Bucardia. So call’d from its 
 figure. Defcribed and figur’d by Ferranti Imperato , and 
 others, and out erf them by Wormiws. ’Tis divided, by a 
 ridge along the middle, into two halfs. Eacli of them 
 having a prominent Knob, a little winding, fomewhat 
 like a Navle: fo that it may not be improperly called C071- 
 chit es umbilicatm. Figur’d by Bejler with the name of 
 Hyflerapetra. 
 
 A SMOOTH CONCHITES, with an Oblique Navle, 
 unequal fides, fomewhat round, and fill’d with a Limy fub- 
 ftance. 
 
 Part of one, filled with a fort of granulated Spar. 
 
 A fmooth and round one, undulated. 
 
 ANOTHER, as hard as a Pebble; of a yellowifh and 
 pellucid red. 
 
 Another hard one, yet diffoluble with Acids. 
 
 Another,with the Margins of the two halfs furrow’d and 
 indented one into the other. 
 
 A LONG CONCHITES, of a black colour. 
 
 Another, undulated, and white; filled with a black and 
 yellow fubftance, which with Acids maketha ftrong Ejfer- 
 vefcence. 
 
 ANOTHER, compreffed, and the end oppofite to the 
 Bafe, pointed, like the common form of a Heart: and may 
 therefore be called Cardites. ’Tis of a Limy fubftance dif- 
 foluble with Acids. 
 
 A Broad equilateral CONCHITES, radiated. 
 
 Another, undulated, and radiated. 
 
 A Third, undulated, radiated, and circinated. 
 
 A 
 
264 
 
 Of Animal Bodies petrify’d. Part III. 
 
 A Broad one, of a Limy fubftance, and fill’d with a 
 flaky and glittering Spar. 
 
 The HIGH-WAVED CONCHITES 3 that is, where 
 the middle of one Valve making a high and broad ridge, the 
 other falls into it. ’Tis of a white Limy fubftance. 
 
 ANOTHER of the fame, but fhining and pellucid like a 
 Spar. Dilfoluble with Adds. I meet not with any fhell of 
 this form. 
 
 A little BIVALVOUS MARCASITE. Conchites Mar¬ 
 ch a [it a. 
 
 The MUSCLE-STONE. Mufculites. This is black and 
 of an oblong Figure. 
 
 A Second, letter and rounder. 
 
 Another of the fame, more Concave. 
 
 A Third, broader, and more expanded. 
 
 A fort of MUSCULITES fill’d with Earth like Tobacco- 
 Pipe Clay or Marie. Found amongft the earth of a Hill 
 that was overturn’d at Kenebank. in New England. 
 
 The fquare MUSCULITES. Mufc. quadrilaterals. I 
 have not yet met with any fhell of anfwerable fhape. ’Tis, 
 as it were, bivalvous: and each Valve, hath two fides. Of 
 the four, two are broader, and a little Convex, efpecially 
 towards the Safe, at the other end fomewhat fharp: with 
 oblique furrows, from the firft to the Iaft growing fhorter. 
 The other two, ftriated and plain, joyned with the former 
 at obtufe Angles. Of a limy fubftance dilfoluble with 
 Acids. 
 
 The TOOTHLESS MUSCULE. Found, of feveral 
 fizes, beded in a lump of Irijh Slate: yet not petnfy’d,but a 
 perfect fhell. It is of a rare kind, no where figured or men¬ 
 tion’d, that I find, nor have I met with it elfewhere. The 
 biggeft of them two inches long, and * over. That end near 
 the Bafe, as it were pinched up, almoftinto the form of a 
 Childs fore-Tooth. On the outfide of the Bafe , Hands a 
 plated piece, contiguous therewith at both ends, but in 
 the middle, joyned to it by the intervention of other very 
 fmall tranfverfe Plates, like the Wards of a Lock : fupply- 
 mg the ufe of the Teeth in other Mufcles , which are here 
 wanting; from whence I have nam’d it. The outfide, is 
 adorn d with circinated Lines,and in fome fort alfo radiated 
 with very fmall Tuberculi, efpecially at the narrow end. 
 
 The 
 
2^5 
 
 Part III. And Stoner life them. 
 
 The SHEATH-STONE. S olenites. Like the petrify’d (hell 
 of the Sbeatb-Fijh .'Tis fill’d with a kind of limy fubftanee. 
 
 A piece of WHIRLY-ROCK. Turbinites Saxum. A fort 
 of Gypftim of a dark colour, with the femblance of divers 
 kinds of turbinated or whirled (hells immerfed therein. 
 Diflfoluble with Spirit of Nitre, but very flowly. There is 
 one like to this in Befler. 
 
 A Piece of white MUSCLE-ROCK. Mufculites Saxum. 
 With the fimilitude of little, white, furrow’d Mufcle-fhells. 
 
 Another Piece of an Afh-colour, and more foft. 
 
 A piece of fpoted MUSCLE-ROCK, fc. with white, 
 red and brown, in imitation of Marble. In which alfo are 
 beded, as it were*, feveral Mufcle-fheUs. Although it hath 
 the face of Marble, yet is it a kind of Gypfum, diflfoluble 
 with Spirit of Nitre. 
 
 A Piece of MIXED SHELL-ROCK. Conchites mifcella- 
 nem. Compofed of petrify’d (hells, both of the Turbina¬ 
 ted, and the Bivalvous kinds, beded in a kind of gritty 
 Lime-Stone. In Calceolarims Mufaum (a) is one like to 
 this, in the form of a Choping-Knife, but without a Name. 
 Another in Ferranti Imperato. ( b) And in Aldrovandus, s 
 Mufaeum , by Ambrofmus called Oftracomorphos Lapis. Not 
 properly, Lapis, as being part of a Rock.: nor,by the former 
 word, fufficiently expreiling the mixture of (hells therein. 
 
 Another, confining of fuch like (hells (or their refem- 
 blance ) beded in a brown Stone. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Of VEGETABLE BODIES petrify d, and other 
 life STONES . 
 
 O F this kind, here is alfo great variety3 being 1 , or 
 reprefenting,Fruits,parts of Flowers, Leaves,Branches, 
 Stalks, Trunks, and Roots: in which order I (hall fet them 
 down. Only referving CORALS with other like Marine 
 Productions, to be fpoken of by themfelves. 
 
 A Petrify’d KATHERINE PEAR, or a Stone naturally 
 very like one.Being,as that is fometimes,a little bended,very 
 
 M m llender 
 
 (V)Se<£t. 3; 
 
 p. 317. 
 
 (b) Lib. 24. 
 e. 25. 
 
2 66 
 
 Of Petrify d Plants , Part III. 
 
 {lender at the Stalk or Bafe 5 turbinated next the other end ; 
 umbellated at the top of all, or deprefled round about the 
 place of the flower, and of a yellowilh tawny colour. 
 
 A STONE like a petrify’d DAMASCENE-PLUM. As 
 that of a black colour, and of the fame Figure; fo far as 
 to fhew the feat both of the Stalk and Flower. 
 
 The Great petrify’d STONE of an exotick PLUM. As 
 one would think, both from the figure of it, and the pro¬ 
 duction of Fibers by the length, round about it, (as in 
 many Indian Plum-Stones) very apparent efpecially, near 
 the top. The granulated part of it, being turn’d to a 
 foft opacous Stone 5 the Fibers into pellucid Flint. 
 
 A black Stone figur’d like the STONE of (a Pracoc, 4 - 
 Pluni) an Aprecock. 
 
 A petrify’d NVX VOMICA, fc. that of the Shops. As I 
 call it from its figure exactly rcfpondent 5 being round, 
 and flat, on one fide a little Concave, on the other fome- 
 0-0 Muf.Me- what Convex. In Aldrovdndm (a) we have the Figure of a 
 fal L petrify’d Nux Methel Offtcinorum • but under the miftaken 
 Title of Cajlanites. As alfo the exact figure of a petrify’d 
 Cajlattea Purgatrix 5 but this too with the falfe Name of 
 Anacardites. The fame Author reprefents likewife a mod 
 exact figure of a petrify’d Melopepon. 
 
 A large JUDIAC STONE ( Lapis Judaicm) in the 
 form of a PEAR. Tis an inch and half long 5 {talked like 
 a Pear 3 Next the (talk {lender 5 turbinated upwards, to 
 an inch in Diamctre3 and umbellated at the top, or depref- 
 fed as a Pear , round about the flower. Adorned alfo round 
 about with fmall tuberated Stria which run from end to 
 end. This Species not well figur’d by any Author. 
 
 ANOTHER of a fomewhat like Figure, but much 
 fmaller. Bell expreffed by the leaft of the four in Eoe- 
 
 (i)DcGem. ( p ) 
 
 12 ' A THIRD like an ALMOND 5 both of the fame big- 
 nefs, and fhape, oval at one end, pointed at the other, and 
 fomewhat flat. Bejler hath one or two like this, which he 
 calls Petrified Almonds. 
 
 A FIFTH, like an AKORNF, being of a like thicknefs 
 at both ends. Another of the fame. This fort particularly 
 called Phoenecites. 
 
 A SIXTH, like an OLIVE-STONE 5 being more ob¬ 
 long 
 
Part III. And Stones li\e them. 26 7 
 
 long and oval than the precedent. Bejler two or three Stones 
 fomewhat like this, which he calls Petrify d Olives. 
 
 A SEVENTH, of a long {lender Figure, and knobed as 
 the reft, almoft like a Hazel Catkin. 
 
 An EIGHTH, in fhape like a Peftil. The upper part of 
 this is knobed, the other fmooth, whether naturally appears 
 not. 
 
 Thefe Stones either grow chiefly, or were fir ft taken no¬ 
 tice of in Judea 5 from whence their Name. They are 
 commonly found, not in Earth, but in the Clefts of Rocks, 
 by thofe that work in them. They are diffolved with Spi¬ 
 rit of Nitre , not without Effervefcence, efpecially when 
 reduced to powder. And may therefore be juftly efteemed 
 Diuretic 4 , and fo fometimes bring away,or (as people think) 
 break til c Stone: for which, by Pliny., (a) ftis call’d Teco- ^ ) lo Llb ' 37 ' 
 litbos. 
 
 Thefe Stones always break flaky, and with a ftrong glofs, 
 like a Spar 5 or the Entrochus hereafter defcrib’d. 
 
 Of thefe Stones it is further obfervable. That being cut 
 and pohih’d tranfverjly, and then wetted, they fairly exhibit, 
 at leaft in colour, a twofold fubftance. The one, whitifh ; 
 anfwering to the Parbenchyma or Flefh of a Fruit: the other 
 black or dark-colour d, not only in the Stalk,but alfo thence 
 produced, and difpofed into two Rings, a large one next the 
 Circumference, and a fmall one in the centre of the Stone 5 
 anfwerable to the Lignous Fibers, diftributed 111 much alike 
 manner 111 fome Fruits. 
 
 Twoftrait {lender Stones, refembling the COLUMNS 
 erected in the middle of fome FLOWERS. One, Convex 
 at the top, and almoft flat. The other, fpherically trian¬ 
 gular, fomewhat like the Seed-Cafe of a Tulip. Beneath, 
 of an a(h-colour 5 upward, of an obfeure or brown Bay. 
 
 Of that hardnefs, that if {truck or let fill one upon ano¬ 
 ther, they have a kind of Metallick found, like that of 
 fmall round Button-Bells. 
 
 Two other joytited Stones of the fame nature with the 
 former: looking as if they were pieces of the. GENICU- 
 LATED STALK of fome Plant. 
 
 Tis pleafant, efpecially with a Glafs, to fee the wrought 
 Work on the furtace of thefe Stones. In which the fmall 
 and curious Strict which run by the length, anfwer to the 
 
 M m 2 Lignous 
 
268 
 
 (a) See the 
 Authors 
 Book Of 
 ’trunks. And 
 that Of 
 Roots. 
 
 (b) Aldrov. 
 Muf. Metall. 
 
 Of Petrify d Plants. Part Ilf, 
 
 Lignous Fibers,or the warp: and thofe which are tranfverfly 
 as it were interwoven; to the Parenchymous Fibers, or 
 Woofe of a Plant. A more particular explication of which 
 real Work. in all Plants, hath been by me ellewhere given, (a) 
 Calceolarias hath one or two of thefe Iaft fairly figur’d. 
 
 A Stone with the exadt fignature of a STEM of PO¬ 
 LYPODY with the LEAVES. Tis foftiih, and fomewhac 
 brown. Stirreth not with Acids. 
 
 HIPPURITES. Or a Stone with the imprefled Image or 
 fignature of the Equijetum or HORSETAIL. There .are 
 three ftalks which very elegantly rife up from one Root. 
 
 DENDRITES. Or a Flint naturally adorned with the 
 Images of feveral epitomiz’d or minute TREES. There is 
 the figure of a fair one like to this in Calceolaria* s Mu- 
 fa: um. 
 
 ANOTHER; being a SLATE about I d of an inch thick, 
 reprefenting, as it were, a plain Field, inclofcd with a 
 HEDGE of TREES; fome bigger,others lefs; all fo lively, 
 as if it had been the curious and elaborate Work of a 
 Painter ; or had been caff through a Glafs (as Kepler 
 ihews the way fometimes of taking Lanjhips) upon a 
 Tablet in a Dark Room. 
 
 It is very obfervable, That the fame curious Work which 
 appears upon one fide of the Hate, doth alfo on the other. 
 Agreeable to what Ambrofinus ( b) alfo remarques, That if 
 this fort of Stones be broken into feveral pieces, the like 
 Work will appear in the intimate parts. Which plainly 
 demonftrates, that not being fuperficial, it cannot be the 
 effect of Art. 
 
 DENDROPOTAMITES. Sol call it. Tisa piece of a 
 kind of Alabafter, about feven or eight inches fquare, po- 
 lifh’d and fet m a Frame. It hath much and pleating varie¬ 
 ty both in colour and figure: (hewing a mixture of brown, 
 tawny, white, and green; and not unaptly refembling a 
 couple of Rivers. One crooked or very much winding too 
 and fro; (as the Thames at Kingftone) and garbed all along 
 with Trees upon the Bank. The other ftrait, with a Foot- 
 walf upon die Bank, and inclofcd alfo with a little Hedge- 
 Row. 
 
 A fort of ALABASTRITES, reprefenting a Tranfverfe 
 Section of the TRUNK of a TREE. That part anfwering 
 
 to 
 
2 69 
 
 Fart III. And Stones hfy them. 
 
 to the Wood, confiding of white and black Rings one 
 within another. The other anfwering to the Barque, of two 
 or three thin ones (like that of a Cherry-Tree) of a rufiet or 
 barque colour. Yet the black Rings, being held up againft 
 the light, are tranfparent. So the cleared Glafs, in fome 
 podures, appears black. Spirit of Nitre droped on it, dif- 
 folves it with a vehement Efervefcence. 
 
 A Stone exprefling part of a Tranverfe Section of OLIVE- 
 WOOD. On one fide, ’tis very well polifh’d. By means 
 whereof, not only the Annual Rings (appearing in the 
 Trunks of all Trees;) but alfo the hifertions or Farenchy- 
 vious Rays which run betwixt the Pith and Barque, and 
 even the greater Vcflelsthemfelves (either for Aer or Sap) 
 arc all to a good naked eye, but efpecially with the help of 
 a Glafs, very fairly vilible. ’Tis juft of the colour of the 
 browner fort of Olive-Wood well varnifh’d. ’Tis as hard as 
 a Jafper , and feems to be of that kind. 
 
 ANOTHER fort of Jafper reprefenting a piece of 
 WOOD. Tis of a green colour, and ftained with blackifli 
 fpots. One would take it for a fort of Lignum Vitae. 
 
 A Stone, which in Colour and Texture, feems to refem- 
 ble a piece of TEW-TREE. 
 
 ANOTHER, which looks like a piece of BEECH- 
 WOOD. 
 
 A large piece of PETRIFY’D WOOD (as itisfuppofed) 
 above halt a yard long, and «of a yard about. 
 
 Another Piece about the fame bignefs. 
 
 A Globular Stone , which looks as if it had been a piece of 
 ASH-WOOD turned in a Lathe into that figure. For it hath 
 not only the colour, but the femblance of the Annual 
 Rings, and of the Aer-Vefels , as in that Wood. 
 
 Small pieces of (reputed) petrify’d Wood, commonly 
 found between the Beds of blew Marble. Two inches long, 
 and near as thick as ones little Finger. Almoft as black as 
 Ebony. 
 
 A Piece of INCOMBUSTIBLE Wood, as it were HALF 
 PETRIFY’D. For being held in the fire, it becomes red 
 like a Coal 5 but neither flames, nor fmoaks in the leaft. 
 
 A very odd Piece of the BRANCH of a TREE as thick 
 as a Cable-Rope, whereof the Barque is turned into perfect 
 Iron, or at leaft a very rich Iron Ore ; and the Wood into 
 Stone. The 
 
270 
 
 (a) Foffil. 
 Nomenclat. 
 
 (b) De La- 
 pid. Fjgur. 
 
 (c) De Lap. 
 & Gem. 
 
 (d) Aldrov. 
 Muf. Metall. 
 CO Num. 
 100. 
 
 (f) Num. 
 12 ?. 
 
 Of C P etrijy'd Plants. Part Ilf. 
 
 The petrify d Barque of a Tree. Tisthin, androwled 
 up as Cinamon 5 but rather of the colour of that called 
 Winter ones. Withall, rough and knobed without. 
 
 A Piece of Oaf BARQUE cover’d with a (tony Cruft. 
 Given by Philip Packer Hep. From a Stump above Ground. 
 
 In Septalinss Mufaum , as I take it, is mention made of 
 Petrify d Wood found an hundred and forty Patches un¬ 
 der the top of a Mountain. And by Kentman (a) of a 
 fort ol petrify d Beech (as the people call it) both Trunk, 
 Branches, and Leaves, taken ( for Whetjlones ) out of the 
 Ground in the Joachimicf Vale , an hundred and feventy 
 Elns depth. But what kind of Eln is here meant, is not 
 certain. 
 
 Of petrify’d Woods it may be noted, That none of 
 them (at leaft of thefe here deferibed) will make the leall 
 Ebullition with any Acid. Which would make one fuf- 
 pedt, That they are Stones originally, fui getieris 5 elle it 
 were ftrange, That forne of them Ihould not lie in places 
 where fuch Stones are bred, which with Acids make the 
 laid Ebullition. 
 
 The STELENTROCHITE. By fome, called STELE- 
 ' HITES : Entrochites , by moft. But, in proper fpeaking, 
 diftindf from both. For it is not only of a Cylindrical 
 Figure, or near it, and containeth a fofter fubftance in the 
 Centre, anfwerable to a Pith: and alfo radiated as the 
 Branch of any Tree cut tranfverfy. But moreover con- 
 fifteth of feveralflat roundJoynts like little Wheels, evenly 
 pil d, and, with the faid Rays , mutually indented, fo as 
 altogether to make a Cylinder. Deferibed alfo by Gefner, 
 (P) Boetius , (c) Ambrofinusfd) and others. But we have 
 two Accounts hereof given us in the Philofophical Tranf- 
 aStions, far more accurate and particular, than is elfe- 
 where extant. The former, by Mr. l.yjler 5 (e) together 
 with between thirty and forty Figures of their Varieties, 
 with fome other Congenerous Stones. The latter, by 
 Mr .John Beaumont (f) Junior 5 who hath added the De- 
 fcription of fome more Diverlities. And the manner of 
 their growth. In this Mujdum are feveral Species , which I 
 iliall here enumerate. 
 
 A ROUND one, near’of an inch Diametrc; with the 
 Pith near a y of a darker colour, hard and denfe. The 
 
 feveral 
 
2 
 
 Part III. And Stones' h^e them. 
 
 feveral Joynts, about the tenth of an inch thick ; diftin- 
 guilhed by {lender Circles compofed of very fmall knobs. 
 With part of the Rock to which it grew, altogether irregu¬ 
 lar, but of the fame fubftance. 
 
 ANOTHER,with a Pith larger and more foft, the Joynts 
 thicker, and the Surface almoft fmooth. 
 
 A THIRD, of the fame thicknefs, with the Pith 1 an inch 
 Diametre. ’Tis alfo a little bended ; and the Joynts diftin- 
 guilhed not with knobed but entire Rings. 
 
 A FOURTH, with a Pith not much bigger than to ad¬ 
 mit a little/ 7 ?/. Yet at one end tis * an inch over. At the 
 other fomewhat more than V d . A little bended as the former. 
 And the Joynts in proportion to its width, extream thin 5 
 not above * 6 th of an inch. Their circumference, convex, 
 being diftinguifhed not with edged Rings, as the former,but 
 With furrows. 
 
 A FIFTH, about ? of an inch over. The Pith anfwer- 
 able. The Joynts diftinguifhed with edged Rings. And as 
 thick as in the former. 
 
 A SIXTH of the fame thicknefs. And a little crooked. 
 The Joynts diftinguifh with furrows. 
 
 A SEVENTH, with the Joynts unequal both in breadth 
 and thicknefs; one narrower and thiner, the next broader, 
 or Handing further out from the centre, and thicker, and 
 fo alternately: whereby it looks like fomefort of Turn’d- 
 Work. 
 
 An EIGHTH, a fmall one, yet finely Ihap’d. Firft with 
 ajoynt emboffed with a knobed Ring. Next two fmall 
 Joynts, each of them fcarce thicker than a Groat 5 and fo 
 alternately. 
 
 A NINTH, not above 3 th of an inch in Diametre 5 yet 
 with Joynts as thick as in the fourth: and fmooth. 
 
 A TENTH, * th of an inch over, and with much thiner or 
 more numerous Joynts. 
 
 An ELEVENTH, a very fmall one, fcarce having any 
 diftindtion of Joynts. 
 
 CORALLITES. As it may be call’d. With no Joynts, 
 jno Rays, nor Pith, but more like to a folid piece of Coral. 
 
 The ASTENROCHITE, or an Entrocbites with a Pen¬ 
 tagonal Pith , like the fignature of a little Afteria , a Stone 
 hereafter deferib’d 5 from whence I have nam’d it. 
 
 ANO- 
 
2J2 
 
 (a) Phil. 
 1ranj, N> 
 
 100 . 
 
 Of Petrify'd Plants' > Part IIL 
 
 ANOTHER of the fame. And alfo with a double 
 Ring of Rays ; fo as to look like one of thefe Stones within 
 another. And may therefore ot all the kinds, be moft pro¬ 
 perly called ENTROCHITES. 
 
 A FLAT ENTROCHITE. All the former are per¬ 
 fectly round: this comprefs’d; one way, an inch over; 
 the other, about * ths . 
 
 ANOTHER, a finall one of the fame fhape. 
 
 A THIPvD, not only flat, but alfo with two oppofite 
 edges, like the Scabbard of a Rapier. 
 
 The BRANCHED ENTROCHITE. Yet here the 
 Branches, which grew alternately as Twigs on a Bough, are 
 broken off. In one, leaving fo many cavities in the Trunk. 
 on which they grew. In another, fo many Knots. In both, 
 radiated, and containing a Pith, as the 7 rank. it felt. 
 
 The KNOTED ENTROCHITE. A very odd Species. 
 Above two inches long, and I in Diametre. The Surface 
 fmooth, yet with an obfeure appearance of Joynts. The 
 Knots, no way like thofe in the lall mention’d, as not being 
 radiated; and looking more like the bafes of fturdy Thames. 
 Wherewith it not unaptly refembles a piece of a Crab-Tree- 
 Cudgel. Tis compofed of three diftinct fubftances. The 
 outer part, ( as one would fay, the Barque) is a flaky and 
 glofly Spar, as in the reft. But as black alrnoft as Jet. The 
 middle part is Ore of Marcafite,ox Tel/ow Mundick- The Pith, 
 not unlike Tobacco-Pipe-Clay , when baked pretty hard. 
 
 A fort not much unlike thefe, being found in the Ifle 
 Malta , by fome faith Mr. Ray, (a) are call’d St. PAULS 
 BATTOONS. 
 
 The SYNTROCHITE, as we may name it, to diftin- 
 guifh it from the reft. It confifts of feveral Joynts as the 
 former; yet not piled evenly one over another fo as 
 to make a Cylinder: but fliden as it were half on and 
 half off. 
 
 The TROCHITES. ’Tis nothing elfe but one of the 
 above defenbed Joynts Angle; on both fides radiated, and 
 alfo containing a Pith. So that it looks like a flice of a flick. 
 Thefe, faith Mr. Lyfter, being ufually hollow, or eafily fo 
 made, and ftringed, are therefore by fome called St. CUTH- 
 BERDS BEADS. 
 
 The ASTROCHITES. As it were, the Trochites and 
 the AJleria (hereafter deferibed) together. That 
 
Part III. And Stoner li\e them. 273 
 
 There's one which may be called an Entbrocbite, yet not 
 a Stelechite , becaufe Oval, or at leaf! {mailer at both ends; 
 no way refembling a Stick or Branch. But there is no 
 example hereof in this Mufaum. 
 
 The True STELECHITES, branched. ’Tis not only ra¬ 
 diated,and furnifhed with a Pith: but is one fingle piece with¬ 
 out anyjoyntsor joynted Wheels: in which refpecRit can¬ 
 not be called ENTROCHVS 5 but very properly Stelechites , 
 
 ( from whence the Englijh word Stalk) as more anfwerable 
 to the make of a flick or ftalk, than are any of the reft. ’Tis 
 of an alh-colour, and curioufly wrought all over in the 
 like manner as a Poppy-Seed. 
 
 A Piece of a Rock confiding wholly of feveral Species 
 of ENTROCHI or Stelentrochi, immerfed in a bed of their 
 Mother-Clay. 
 
 Another, with two or three fmall STELECHITES. 
 
 A hard Stone of the colour of a Magnet , with the figna- 
 turc of a TROCHITES. 
 
 Thefc Stones being broken, look flaky, and with a glofs, 
 as the Lapis Judaic us 3 but fomewhat more obfcure. They 
 alfo make a like Effervefce’nce with Acids , efpecially with 
 Spirit of Nitre. And may probably be as good a Diure- 
 tick- That All Fojfiles of what figure foever make an 
 Ebullition with Vinegar, is affirmed by Mr. Lyfter: (a) but Phil. Iranf. 
 was a flip of his,otherwife 1110ft accurate Pen. For there are jV ' I00,i 
 many, and thofc of feveral figures, which, although 
 powder’d, yet are fo far from making any Ebullition with 
 Vinegar , that neither Oil of Vitriol , nor Spirit of Nitre it 
 felf, ( which taketh place fometimes where the former doth 
 not) will ftir them: as appears in feveral Inftances in this 
 Catalogue. 
 
 They are found in as great variety here in England, as in 
 any other Country. By Mr. Lyfter, in certain Scans in 
 Braugbton and Stock, two little Villages in Craven : in fome 
 places of the Rock a's hard as Marble. In fuch plenty, that 
 there are whole Beds of Rock made of them. By Mr. Beau¬ 
 mont, in Mundip-HiUs 5 in the Rocks, from the Grafs to 
 twenty fathome: but moft in Beds of a grey and grifty 
 Clay. In a Grotto, five and thirty fathome deep, he obferved 
 their growth : which was, from the fineft, and the fofteft 
 of the Clay. At firft, they were whitilh, foft, and fmooth. 
 
 N n After- 
 
Part IIL 
 
 274 Of Petrify*d Plants, 
 
 Afterwards, grew hard, and ridged, or divided into Trochi 
 orjoynts 5 beginning at the top, and fo dcfcending. Be¬ 
 ing all the while in a manner quicken’d with Mineral 
 Steams 5 conveyed, from the Mother-Bed, through the Pith 
 of the feveral Feet of the Root (which Mr. Lyfter figures) 
 and of the Stock it felf. 
 
 It were alfo further worth the enquiry, In what Time, 
 one of thefe Stones will grow up. Whether it doth fo, by 
 Starts, as Ice often doth, and as I have feena little Icy-Tree 
 to grow level upon a Table ? And whether fo much as 
 ferves for the making of a finglejoynt, at every ftart ? 
 
 A Stone figur’d like a Piece of ANGELICA Root 5 with 
 a large Pith, and very diftinct Rays, as the Cortical Insertions 
 in that, or other like Root round about. 
 
 TWO lefler round ones or more Cylindrical: one re- 
 fembling the Root of CICHORT 5 the other of TORMEN- 
 TILE. 
 
 A STONE fomewhat FLAT, like the Root of Irk: but 
 radiated as the former. More vifible, if one end,being firft 
 polifhed, be then made wet $ for fo, both the Pith and Ra¬ 
 diation are very diftinct 
 
 A FOURTH, as it were bared of the Rind 5 and having 
 one end with a kind of Button, on which the Rays wind 
 toward the Centre, as the Lines of a Rumb upon a Map, 
 or the Suits of the Attire of any Corymbiferous Flower. 
 
 All thefe feemto be feveral flumps of Stone Roots, on 
 which the above defcribed Stones often grow. 
 
 A FIFTH, with a Pith and Rays ; but CONICK and 
 CROOKED , not unlike the young buded Horn of a 
 Calf. 
 
 TWO more of the fame Figure, but much lcfs5 rather 
 refembling a COCKS SPUR. 
 
 Several CLUSTERS (as they appear) of petrify’d 
 MOSSE. Imperatus, with Diofcorides, makes it a fort of 
 Alcyonium. 
 
 A petrify’d TUBER, with feveral fmall papillary knobs, 
 not much unlike that called CERVI BOLETVS. It ilirs 
 not with any Acid. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
Part III. 
 
 Of Corah. 
 
 GHAP. nr. 
 
 Of CORALS, and other lify MARINE Productions, 
 
 T Hefe having alfo a refemblance unto Plants, and a near 
 analogy unto thofe Stones, laft defcribed in the pre¬ 
 cedent Chapter; they may therefore not unaptly be here 
 fubjoyn’d. 
 
 A Piece of CORAL, fmooth, white, and folid 5 with its 
 Bafe or Root fpread abroad upon a Chalky Bed. 
 
 A SPRIG of folid Red Coral. 
 
 A knoted TRUNK of the famed inches and I in compafs. 
 
 A Piece of folid CORAL both RED and WHITE, 
 growing together. 
 
 The ROOT of a folid Red CORAL, fpread upon the 
 TRUNK of a White CORAL: in the fame manner, as 
 the Membranous Roots of Sea-Shrubs are fpread upon 
 Stones or other Ready Bodies. As if it had been indeed 
 originally one of thofe Shrubs 5 particularly, of the Lignous 
 kind, which hath no Pith , like the Horny 3 but, as this 
 Coral , is altogether folid. 
 
 The SHRUB-CORAL. Corallium fruticofum. So I call 
 it, for its more efpecial fimilitude to a little Shrub. Tis of 
 a brownifh colour, upright, and very much branched. 
 Curioufly adorned round about with Stria: running by the 
 lcngthjlooking like the fupcrficial Fibers in the ftalks of fome 
 Plants. And within, radiated, as the fame when cut tranf- 
 uerjly. In fome of the greater Branches, the Rays being 
 pointed or pricked, as by the laxer diftribution of the Fibers, 
 they are in fome Plants. And many of them coming fhort of 
 the Centre, fo as alfo to form a kind of Pith. 
 
 The KNEED CORAL. Corallium geniadatum. Pfeu- 
 docorallium fungofum Ambrofini. (a) Madrepora ramofa Impe- (a) Aldrov. 
 rati, (b) By which Name Bauhinm alfo defcribes it well. 
 
 ’Tis ftriated without, and radiated within, almoft as in the cap. 4. 
 precedent. And is alfo ringed or knoted without, after 
 the manner of Canes , or rather the upright Equifetum , 
 and near of the fame thicknefs. Imperatus hath another 
 kind a kin to this, yet diilincT 3 not only knoted, but joynted, 
 and by him therefore called CORALO Articulate, in which 
 
 N11 2 the 
 
2j6 Of Corals. Part HI. 
 
 the Conick end of one Joy nt is received into the like Cavity 
 of another. 
 
 A Piece of the fame CORAL found on St. Vincents 
 Pvock. 
 
 (a) Muf. The Matripora, faith Terzagi, (a) and all Pores (as he 
 
 Septal ca u s r J iem ) and thefe only , are outwardly rough with 
 
 tranfverfe Wrinkles. But this now defend’d, feems by the 
 Strict - more apparently wrinkl’d by the length. So that 
 what he means, I do not well underhand. 
 
 A JOYNT of the fhallow joynted CORAL. Tis near 
 an inch in Diametre, two and I long, folid, heavy and 
 white. Streaked by the length. The two ends a little 
 thicker, as of Bones at the Joynts: and riling up from the 
 Rim to the Centre into a little knob 5 and this it doth at 
 both ends: whereas in that of bnperatm, the Joynts are 
 deeper, and one end hollow. It was given by Sig r . Boccone. 
 
 A Piece of white FIBROUS or llriated CORAL, but 
 not knoted. Given by the fame Hand. 
 
 The BUBL’D CORAL. Corallium bullefum. From 
 the fame hand. ’Tis of an afh-colour 5 and rough calf all 
 over, with very fmall Bidders or Bubles. 
 
 The COOME-CORAL. Corallium cancellatum. ’Tis 
 white, and divided into feveral Ihort and thickilh Branches, 
 turbinated or knobed at the top. Wrought all over with 
 fmall cancellated Work, like that of an Honey-Comb, or the 
 inlide of that Ventricle in a Sheep or a Cow, called the 
 RETICV LVM. 
 
 The FLORID COOME-CORAL. The Branches of 
 this alfo are Ihort ; and numeroully flourilhed. Inwardly, 
 white and porous. The Surface of a pale yellow, and 
 wrought, as the former, in imitation of an Honey-Coome. 
 
 A fpng of Rough and POROUS Red Coral. 
 
 The PUMIS CORAL. Corallium pumicofum. From the 
 Pcrfon above-faid. ’Tis branched, of a grey colour, and 
 porous, fomewhat like a Pumis Stone. 
 
 The POUNCED CORAL. Corallium pundatum. ’Tis 
 white, and the Surface pricked full of fmall holes, almoft as 
 in the precedent. 
 
 The BRANCHING POUNCED CORAL. It feems 
 
 (b) Lib. to be that deferibed in Bauhinus (b) with the Title of 
 
 Corallium afperum caudicans adulterinum. The Branches 
 
 hereof 
 
P A R. T III. 
 
 Of Corah. 
 
 2 77 
 
 hereof are very broad, and divided only at the top. Not 
 only porous within, but alfo pricked full of extream frnall 
 holes on the outfide* 
 
 The STOOPING POUNCED CORAL, C. punch pro- 
 cumbens. Torus Ramofus Bauhino. In this, fome of the 
 Branches rife up obliquely, and diflinct. Others of them, 
 trail or ftoop, and are in feveral places inofculated. 
 
 The RUSSET POUNCED CORAL. This is alfo 
 branched; and the Root hereof, as that of a Sea-Shrub , 
 fpread upon an Oyfterfhell. 
 
 The WARTED CORAL. This likewife is a fort of 
 pounced and branched Coral 5 and white. The Branches ^ ^ 
 being alfo as it were warted or knobed. (a) [us, Lib.?” 
 
 ANOTHER of the fame3 MORE branched. c- 4* • 
 
 The White STARRY CORAL. From the Perfon before 
 nam’d. Defcribed and figur’d by Imperatus. So called, be- 
 caufc it is perforated with round and radiated Holes re- 
 fembling little Stars. 
 
 The Brown STARRY CORAL. Within,a little whitifh. 
 
 Not fo porous, as the precedent 3 and with nothing near 
 fo many Stars. The Branches flat, like the Horns of an 
 Elk, 5 and fpread abroad. 
 
 The OCULAR CORAL. C. alb. oculatum Officinarum. 
 
 Very well defcrib’d and figur’d by Ferranti Imper. (b) and (b ~> Llb - 2 7 - 
 J. Bauhinus. ( c) This fort is fiflular, and hath large round Ccj Lib. 
 holes in the fidcs of the Branches, fometimes near I of an c - 
 inch over 5 fomewhat like a Birds Eye. 
 
 A Piece of the fame fort, with its expanded Root. 
 
 The fame growing on or round about fome of 
 the Branches of a Sea-Shrub. As it is probable, That all the 
 forts of fiflular Corals once did. 
 
 The CROWNED OCULAR CORAL. Given by 
 Sir J. Hoskins. In this, which is alfo white, to the eyes on 
 the fides, are added little Heads crowned or radiated round 
 about. 
 
 A CLUSTER of Red Fiflular Coral. 
 
 The fpread FOLIATED CORAL. Clufim deferibes it 
 by the Name of Planta Saxea Abrotonoides. Of whom 
 Bauhinus borrows his figure. His Defcription not clear. 
 
 ’Tis white, and porous 3 efpecially the centre of every 
 Branch, in imitation of a Pith. The feveral Branches 
 
 encompafled 
 
278 
 
 (a) Tavern, 
 Ind. Voyage, 
 Chap. 2 1. 
 
 (b) )■ de 
 Tact. 
 
 (c) Of the 
 vjrig. of 
 Forms, 13 < 5 . 
 (1i) Muf. 
 Rom. p. 45 
 Co!. 2. 
 
 (e) Dr. 
 Brown’s 
 Trav. 
 
 (f) Phil. 
 Tranf. N. 
 loo. 
 
 (g) Phil. 
 Tranf. A'. 
 12$>. p.730, 
 1. pen. 
 
 (b) De Lap, 
 & G. lib. 2 
 
 S.154.P.312 
 
 Of Corah. Part III. 
 
 encompafled with little fhort round hollow fprigs, or, as 
 we may call them, Coral-Leaves , curioufly ftriated round 
 about. « 
 
 The Upright FOLIATED CORAL. In all rcfpecTs like 
 the former, laving that it is lefs fpread. 
 
 Coral is fifh’d for from the beginning of April to the 
 end oi July. Not in the Ocean, but the Mediteranian-Sea 
 only. In which there are eight or nine Fifheries, among 
 the Rocks, no where above forty miles from Land. Three 
 upon the Coaft of Sardinia ; on that of France, two 3 of 
 Sicily, Catalonia, Corfu a, and Majorque, one. (a) Of white 
 Coral, there is great abundance in Bra file. (b ) 
 
 Of the Nature and Generation of Coral, it is affirmed 
 by the Honourable Mr .Boyle, (c) That whilft it grows, 
 it is often found foft and fucculent, and propogates it 
 Species. And by Georg, de Sepibws, (d) That of thofc who 
 . had been us’d for many years, to dive for Coral in the Red- 
 Sea, lurcher learned thus much; That it would fometimes 
 let fall a Spermatick Juyce,which lighting upon any (Jieady) 
 Body, would thereupon produce another Coral. And 
 further, by Wonnius and Tavernere , from the Relations of 
 others, That tins Juyce is white or milky. Which may 
 feem the more credible, when we confider, that the like 
 milky fubftance is found in divers Mines. (e) Sometimes 
 inclofed as is obferved by Air. George Planton, in great Hol¬ 
 lows of the Metallick Rock (/) And that Mr. Beamont 
 hath found 111 the Hollows of fome Stones called Entrocbi, 
 and Rock-Plants, or a kin to them, an evident concretion 
 of fuch milky Juyce. (g) 
 
 Of Corals, are chiefly prepar’d, The Powder ground 
 upon a Marble ; the Magifterial Salt ; and the Tinclure. 
 To goodpurpofe, in fome Leavers, and fome other Cafes. 
 But the Name of Tuidure, according to the common no¬ 
 tion of it, is a meer deceipt: it being, in truth, no more 
 but a Liquamen , or folution of the Magifterial Salt. For 
 thofc Acid~ Liquors which are ufed as Menftruums for the 
 making of it; by digellion or repeated heats, do always 
 i urn red •' which not being heeded, the find colour hath 
 been believed to proceed from the Corah. Of the Effect 
 of this 1 inchcre, or rather Salt of Coral, upon a Malignant 
 Feaver, fee a Memorable Relation of Boetius in his own 
 Cafe, (h) BASTARD 
 
Part III. 
 
 279 
 
 Of Corah . 
 
 BASTARD-CORAL. Alcyonium. So call'd, becaufe a 
 Marine Production , often of a roundilh form, like the 
 Neft of an Halcyon , and by fome phantaftick thought to 
 be one of thofe Neds petrify’d. Hereof there are feven or 
 eight forts here prcfcrv’d. As 
 
 The Great, White, FISTULAR Alcyonium. Imperatus 
 figures a Clutter of this under the ill Name of Fermi 
 Marini Impetriti. (a) And Befler a fingle crooked Tube, w Lib. 24; 
 with that of Exuvicz Serpent is in Lapidem converj.be 5 which ca P - 26 - 
 is as bad. This is fuch an one, but more ftrait and fmooth, 
 as thick as the upper end of a Tobacco-Pipe fialk. But with 
 a much greater bore. 
 
 The Middle white FISTULAR Alcyonium. AClufterof 
 Coralline Tubesyn fome places,meeting in parcels 5 in others, 
 divaricated, almoft as the Veflels do in Plants. Not equally 
 thick at both ends; beneath, not exceeding the Quill of a 
 Crow, at the top, as wide as that of a Goofe. Rough all 
 along with annular wrinkles, almoft like the Hough of a 
 SilkWorm , or a Serpent. Being hollow,’tis probable they 
 ferve as the Matrices of fome Sea-Infeffs. 
 
 The frnall white FISTULAR Alcyonium. By Imperatus 
 (b) (whom Terzagi imitates (c)) called Vermicchiara Lib - 2 7- 
 and Alcyonio Mile [to 5 a much better Name. A Clufter of“J sept, 
 crooked Tubes , not thicker than a Packthread 3 and alfo Muf.c.13. 
 wrinkled. n. 18, i ? . 
 
 The Red FISTULAR Alcyonium. By Imperatus call’d 
 Tubularia purpurea. By Bejler Alcyonium Mam Rubri. A 
 Congeries of ftrait, and red Pipes, of a Coralline fubftance, 
 about as thick as an Oaten ftraw, all ftanding parallel, as the 
 Cells in a Honey-Comb : and divided into feveral Stories by 
 tranfverfe Plates or Floors, at feveral diftances from a i to t 
 an inch, or thereabout. 
 
 The BRANCHED Alcyonium. ’Tis white, and of a 
 Coralline fubftance, but fomewhat foft. The Branches fo- 
 hd, and in fome places coalefcent. 
 
 The KNOBED Alcyonium. Of a white and coralline 
 fubftance, but fomewhat foft. Of fuch a Contexture, 
 whereby it is every way , and pretty openly, pervious 
 throughout; fomewhat anfwerable to that of a Sponge. 
 
 Evenly tuberated all over the top and fides. 
 
 Another, unequally tuberous, and of a little more open 
 compages. The 
 
280 
 
 Part III 
 
 Of Corals 
 
 The LOBED Alcyonium. Of a like colour and fubftancc 
 ■with the former: yet not compofed of round, but flat 
 or lobed portions, with fome likenefs to Liverwort. 
 
 The BUBLED Alcyon. Given by Captain Th. Fijfenden. 
 About; an Eln in compafs. Gonfifting wholly of Plate- 
 work., fo conjoyn’d, as to make feveral large Apertures, rim¬ 
 ing one into another: fomcwhat after the manner of a Ruff: 
 The Plates or whole Body compos’d of moft minute Biibles, 
 divided by a very thin Sepiment, and handing all in even, 
 ffrait, and parallel Rows. So that it looks not much unlike 
 Linnen-Cloath: having its brown tawny colour. 
 
 A NETED Alcyon. Retepora Imperat. So called from 
 its Figure. 
 
 MUSHROON-CORAL. Fungites. So called from a 
 little likenefs it hath to a Toad-Stool. Here are divers forts. 
 
 The WAVED Mujhroon Coral. ’Tis round, and above 
 two inches over j ftriated beneath round about. The Rim 
 and Area , both undulated. With thin Plates handing all 
 along, and on both fides tranfverjly to the Waves. 
 
 ANOTHER, with DOUBLE WAVES. Circular, and 
 about four inches in Diametre. With the top riling high 
 and round. With tranfverfe Striae, rather than Plates. And 
 Waves both double,and more winding than in the former 5 
 much refembling thofe of a Mans Brain. From whence, 
 this fort, mold properly, are called BRAIN-STONES. 
 
 A POLISH’D BRAIN-STONE. It much refembles a 
 fort of undulated Stone. Whereof hereafter. 
 
 Part of a large BRAIN-STONE from the Bermudas. 
 The PLATED FUNGITES. So efpecially to be called, 
 becaufe it hath no Undulations, but Plates only. All very 
 thin and fharp, and radiated, to the circumference, after 
 the manner of thofe in a common Mujhroon 3 excepting, 
 that there they {land underneath, here above. This fort is 
 curioufly figur’d in Calceolaria# s Mufaum. 
 
 A FLAT RADIATED Fungites. Figur’d by Bauhinus. 
 00 Lib. 39. [a) ’Tis fomewhat more than two inches broad,and with the 
 fides as it were crufhed together. Waved round about, and 
 the Rim raifed like a border pretty high. 
 
 A STARRY FUNGITES. Of a circular figure 5 beneath, 
 a little concave; above, convex. Wrought all over with 
 a great number of fmajl radiated Stars, every where con¬ 
 tiguous. A 
 
Of Gems. 
 
 281 
 
 Part III. 
 
 A Piece of Fungites with GREAT STAR-WORK: 
 every Star, with the Rays, being near * an inch over 5 and 
 the Rays alfo plated. 
 
 The COOMED Fungites. The top hereof is circular- 
 all over carved into radiated Tubes, the Rays Handing high 
 without, and deep within. Compofed together fo, as 
 fomewhat to refemble an Honey-Coome , from whence I 
 name it. 
 
 ANOTHER of the fame fort, of an Oval Figure. Given 
 by Sir R. Moray. 
 
 A Fragment of a great One of the fame fort. In which 
 the Texture is fairly obfervable. For the aforefaid Rays, arc 
 indeed the extremities of fo many Plates which run through 
 the length of every Tube 5 and which are likeways all the 
 way conjoyned with an infinite number of other extream 
 fmall thin tranfverfe Plates: dividing the whole Tube into 
 little fquares, after the like manner, as in the Pith of a Bull- 
 rufb. 
 
 The Fungites is found in the hdian-Sea, and the River 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 Of gEMS. 
 
 ROCK of DIAMONDS. Given by Sir R. Moray . 
 
 V They grow upon their Bed (which is about three 
 inches broad, and four in length) m Cryftals Sexangularly 
 pointed. Of feveral fizes from the thicknefs of a midling 
 Pin, to a i of an inch Diametre, but all of them fhort. 
 Not very perfpicuous, but a little greyifh, like the Calcedony. 
 Saving one fmall clufter of them, tinctur’d yellowifh. They 
 cut Glafs very deep and eafily. 
 
 The principal Diamond Mines now known, are four. 
 That of Raolconda , in the Kingdom of Vi fa-pour 5 difeover’d 
 200 years fince. In this Mine, the Diamonds lie in fandy 
 Veins in the Rocks. Of all, the clear eft, and of thewhiteft 
 Water. They pound and wadi the Vein for the Diamonds , 
 juft as we do fome of our Ores for the Metal. A fecond 
 
 Oo 
 
 call’d 
 
282 
 
 Of gms. Part III 
 
 ("<z)Ind.Tav. 
 lib. 2, c. xi, 
 12,13, 14, 
 
 1 5 - 
 
 ( h) Mr. Boyle 
 Of Gems , 
 
 р. 11. 
 
 fc) Joh. de 
 Laet L. de G. 
 & Lap. 
 
 (d) Boet. de 
 Lap. & G. 
 
 (e) Lib. 1. 
 
 с. 43. 
 
 (f ) Of Gems, 
 
 p. 1 op. 
 
 (g) Ib.p.n2 
 
 call’d the Gany, about feven days journey from Golconda ; 
 found out 100 years fince. They dig here not above 14 
 feet deep. Sometimes above fixty thoufand Men, Women 
 and Children at work. It affords the largeft Diamonds, but 
 not clear: one fometimes above 40 Carats,i.e. H of an ounce. 
 And there was one here found which weighed y 00 Carats 
 ( /. e. ff -) A Third, that of Govel. , a River in the King¬ 
 dom of Bengala. The Diamonds are found in the land of 
 the R iver, for the fpace of 50 Leagues. From hence 
 come thofe fail pointed Stones called Natural Points : but 
 not great. The Fourth, that of Succadan , a River in Bor¬ 
 neo. tut there are none come from thence but by health. 
 How die Indians prove, work, and fell their Stones, with 
 other particulars, fee m Taverner e. (a) 
 
 Rough Diamonds are often naturally figur’d into Trian- 
 guLu I lams: a mark to know a right one by, (/>) as well as 
 hardnefs. Many alfo of the belt are pointed with fix An¬ 
 gles 3 fome, with eight; and fome Tabulated, or Plain, and 
 Square, (c) Diamonds receive no hurt, but are rather mend¬ 
 ed, by the late, (d) Some, faith Garcias , (e) being rub’d, 
 will take up ftraws, as Amber and other Electrical Bodies. 
 And Mr. Boyl (/) fpcaksofone of his, which with a little 
 (notion attracts vigoroufly. Of another, (g) which by 
 water made a little more than luke-warm, he could brin°- 
 to fhine in the dark. 
 
 I is the property of all true Diamonds , To unite the Foyle 
 (b) Boet. de clofely and equally to it felf, (}:) and thereby better augment 
 its luftre, than any other Gem. That which is called the 
 Foyle, is a mixture of Ma/iici and burnt Ivory: The latter, 
 Hmg one of the blackelt of colours 5 ufed by Painters for 
 Velvet, the Pupil of the Eye, &c. 
 
 The Water of thofe which are drawn,not from the Rock, 
 but the Ground, commonly partakes of the colour of that 
 
 OfGem ^ 1 '^ 01 1 01 < ^ rounc l (0 ant ^ fome are found as yellow as a 
 p. 51 . fopaz. ( 4 ) 
 
 (K) ib. p.35. Between the Grain and the Vein of a Diamond , there is 
 
 this difference, That the former furthers; the latter, being 
 fo infuperably hard, hinders the fphtting of it. Although 
 it feems, that a Vein, fometimes is nothing elfe, but a 
 Crofs-Grain. Our European Jewelers, when they fplit one, 
 they take a very frnall iron Wyre, and having daubed it 
 . with 
 
Part III. Of Gems. 
 
 with Oil and Powder of Diamonds 3 draw it upon the Dia¬ 
 mond , by a Tool, to and fro like a Saw, fo long as is needful 
 for that purpofe. 
 
 The BASTARD-DIAMOND. Pfteudo-adamas. Now re¬ 
 maining, as it was found, bred in a Mufculites, a Stone like 
 a Mufclefhell. Given alfo by Sir Robert Moray. Tis angular, 
 pointed, and very clear. And cuts Glafs with great eafe and 
 depth. Of our Baftard-Diamonds here in England ,the Cornijh 
 are the belt • much better than thofe on St. Vincents Rock 
 near Briftol. 
 
 CRYSTAL. From ^ : becaufe fuppofed to 
 
 be only Water contracted or condenfed with cold. Here 
 are feveral forts. 
 
 A CRYSTAL ROCK. In which, feveral leffer Cry ft als 
 Sexangular, pointed, and moft perfpicuous, grow round 
 about a great one, in the form of a Pyramid, above eight 
 inches about. The bottom of it being polifh’d , all the 
 fides to the top, are very pleafantly apparent through the 
 fame. 
 
 A fmall COLUMN of Cryftal, alfo exceeding clear. 
 
 A ROCK of midling Cry ft ah, growing upon a Semi- 
 perfpicuous Bed, or Grey-Mother. They are very clear, 
 notwithftanding that beneath they feem to be tinctur’d 
 yellow 5 being there only daubed with fome fubftance of a 
 yellow colour. Of thefe Cryftals, the two oppofite 
 fides, are the greatelf: which is alfo obfervablein many 
 others. 
 
 A fmall Cryftal COLUMN, with a whitilh Baft. 
 
 ANOTHER clear Cryftal, growing on a Semiperfpicu- 
 ous Mother, together with a kind of Marchafite Spar, or 
 teflellated Stone, of an Amethyftine colour. 
 
 A ROCK of fmall Grey Cryftals, alrnoft like a Calci- 
 doriy. 
 
 Another of the fame fort, growing upon a kind of Lime- 
 ftone. 
 
 A Third, with the Points of an Amethyftine colour, 
 growing to a Matrix of a purplilh black. 
 
 A Cryftal COLUMN , of an Hyacinthine colour, but 
 dilute. An inch in Diametre, andalmofHa foot long; 
 The two oppofite Tides of this alfo are the greateft. 
 
 A leffer one of the Lime Species. 
 
 A 
 
 Oo 2 
 
284 
 
 Of (ferns. 
 
 Part III. 
 
 A THIRD, growing upon a Bed of the fame colour ; 
 ^jOf Gems, but opacous. Mr. Boyle ( a ) mentions a piece of Cryftal, an 
 
 (b) Muf. one part of a wKmr aid-green. And Terzagi (ft) another that 
 Sept. was black. 
 
 A Crftyal COLUMN, naturally inclofing a kind of Mofs 
 (or the likenefs of it) at one end of the Column of a paler, 
 at the other of a dark Green. Tis above I a foot in compafs. 
 
 ANO'i HLR piece of ( RTSTAL in which is immerfed 
 a Mody fubftance of a redilh colour. And there are fome 
 Cryflals have been known naturally to enclofe a Li¬ 
 te) Mr .Boyle, qUOr. (c) 
 
 p/ 43™& /} ^ >1 f ce polifhd CRYSTAL in the figure of a half 
 
 Muf. Calc. Globe. Tison one fide flaky, and hath many very fmall 
 Rubles , by which it appears cloudy. 
 
 ANOTHER Piece polifh d into a Spherical Triangle,and 
 fomewhat Oval. 
 
 A THIRD Piece polifh’d into a Cone. 
 
 A Maily Piece of CRYSTAL. Not pointed, nor an¬ 
 gular ; but of a roundifh figure 5 much bigger than any 
 mans head. One way, near a yard in compafs 5 the other, 
 above three quarters. In weight, thirty nine pounds and a 
 \ Llaverclupoife. Yet is it very clear, beyond the cleared: 
 Ice oi the fame thicknefs. The biggeft piece of Cryftal l 
 nd mention d elfe-where, is a Ball of fix and thirty ounces 
 in Sept alius s Mufaeuvi. 
 
 Cryftal, at leaft fome forts of it, is the fofteft, faith Boe- 
 cd) Lib. 2. tius, (a) of all Gems. He fhould have ftid, of all perfpi- 
 c ' 73 '■ '■ cuous Gems: for the Turcots is much fofter. The molt 
 0)Muf.Sep- l ‘iual Figure of Cryftal, is Sexangular: yet Terzagi (e) 
 tai.c.p.n.54. mentions a Rock of fquare pointed ones. But it is obfer- 
 vaole, That he faith the Bed on which they grew, feem’d to 
 be Gola-Ore. If fo, it might proceed from fome govern- 
 ing principle in the Ore. For I have heard it noted, as I re¬ 
 remember, by Sir Chriftopher Wren, That Grain-Goldk of- 
 i-ui found naturally figurd into Cubes. Cryftal grows in 
 molt Countries, both cold and hot: the Globous, efpecially 
 m Bohemia and Silecia. 
 
 rf) Boet.de f A bh-achm (/) of the Powder of Cryftal, with Oil of 
 Gem. & L. ^ et Almonds , a prefent Remedy for thofe that have 
 m is' C 7+ ’ ta ^ en , bhmate. As alfo for bilious and chylous Diarrheas. 
 (1) Terzagi w When Calcin'd, by fome called Puhj'vs Cafaris, of ex- 
 Muf. Sept, cellent ufe againft the Epilepfte. {h) An 
 
Part Ilf. 
 
 285 
 
 Of Gems. 
 
 An AMETHYSTINE ROCK. The Gem kith its Name 
 from the opinion of its being an Avmlet againft Drunken- 
 nefs. This Rock, confifteth of angular pointed and contigu 
 ous Cry ft ah 5 growing from both fides the Matrix , "in¬ 
 wards, where their Points meet,and are all clofely indented. 
 
 Some of them feem to be Pentagonal. Several are Cotiicft 
 from the Points towards the Roots. Thefe are well 
 tinctur’d, but the Roots are all white, or rather Diaphanous 
 and colourlefs. As alfo is the Matrix , or inward part of it; 
 yet not fo clear. The (hell over all, flat, opacous, and of a 
 redifh brown. There is the Figure of a very fair one in 
 Calceolarius s Muf 
 
 ANOTHER,growing upon a Matrix ox Bed fpotted red 
 and yellow, and crofs-graind, or compofed of fmall 
 Cry ft ah fet together decujfatim. 
 
 A THIRD, the Matrix whereof is a kind of Amethyfttine 
 Flint, i. e. not compofed of Cryftals or Grains, as is ufual, 
 but one entire mafly Stone, Semiperfpicuous, and of a pale 
 blew, almoft of the colour of fome Cows Horns. Of an 
 orbicular Figure, and fomewhat flat like a Loaf. The 
 Roots of the Cryftals are colourlefs, as in the former, and 
 the points and upper parts of a pale Purple. With thefe, is 
 included in the fame Matrix, a whitiih and flaky Stone, 
 which is eafily diflolved with Spirit of Nitre. Which is 
 one, amongft" many mllances, how near together two 
 Stones may be bred, of fo different a nature one from 
 another. 
 
 A WHITE AMETHYST. This is here naked, or with¬ 
 out a Matrix. Confifteth of divers contiguous Cryftals, 
 half an inch and an inch long ; their Roots grey 5 but 
 their Points clear, ufually fexangular. From the Points the 
 Roots taper’d or conick : the Figure which doth efpecially 
 diftinguilh this Stone from Cryftal, whether white, or ot an 
 Amethyftine colour. 
 
 An AMETF 1 YST of a pale Violet colour 5 found grow¬ 
 ing m Scotland. Given by Sir Rob. Moray. 
 
 ANOTHER, with a kind of Chryfolite growing to it. 
 
 The beftof this kind, are, as Fheophraftws well deferibes 
 them, of the colour of a ripe (red) Grape : and are the 
 hardeft. Thefe grow in the Indies : the reft in Bohemia j (a) Boet. 4e 
 Saxony, isre. The beft, being burnt, excellently imitate a ^; ni - & 
 Diamond. ( a ) Two 
 
>86 
 
 Of Gems. 
 
 Part III. 
 
 (b ) Aldrov. 
 Muf. Metall. 
 (c Lib. 2. 
 c. 43. 
 
 (d) Ibid. 
 
 Two little white or pale SAPHIRES, poliiVd into a Hat 
 oval Figure. By fome called The■ Female: and fo the 
 paler lands of other Gems. The belt, grow in Bifjiagar, 
 Zeilan, and other parts of the Eaft-Indies,d\ penally in Pegu. 
 The meaner, m Bohemia, and other adjacent places. They 
 are cut or fafhiond with Emery and Trifoly $ and en¬ 
 graven with Diamond-Duft, as other harder Gems. Being 
 trt) Eoct. de burnt, they imitate a Diamond, as doth the Amethyft. (a) 
 Gem. &L. And Ms uftum and Glafs melted together, imitate a Sa- 
 phire. (b) 
 
 The Saphire, faith Boetius, (c) being applied to any 
 bruifed part, prohibits the Inflammation of it, in a miracu¬ 
 lous manner.See alfo th cSalt and Tinllure (d) ol it defenbed 
 and commended by the fame Author. 
 
 The GRAN ATE, qu. Ingranate, or Ingrained. And there¬ 
 fore by the French called VERMEILLE: and the Matrix, 
 by Mofcardo , Minera de Ingranata. The deepeft, well com¬ 
 pared by Imp er at us to the juyee of a ripe Mulberry. Here 
 arc of feveral fizes. 
 
 A BOHEMICK GRANATE,as big as a. Nutmeg. With 
 feveral more of the fame fize, or near it. 
 
 Some other Large GRANATES, polifh’d with Rhombs. 
 But thefe are cloudy. 
 
 A Bag of Leffer GRANATES, of feveral fizes from a 
 Peafe to a Mujiard-Seed. 
 
 A BED of GRANATES from the Weft-Indies. Given 
 by the Honourable Rob. Boyle Efq;. Molt of them as big 
 as a large Peafe, beded in a Stone which is friable, and eafily 
 rub’d to a redifh and glittering powder 5 in fome places a 
 little black,and growing with crofs Flakes. It feemeth,from 
 its foftnefs, not to have been the original Bed or Matrix 
 wherein the Stones were bred; but that being, in pecking 
 the Roc I or Mine, broken off from that, they were after¬ 
 wards cafually lodged in this. 
 
 Thefe Stones grow in Calecut, Cambaia, and Mthyopia. 
 As alfo in Spain and Bohemia , where, contrary to what is 
 Gem E &L de °^*' ervcc ^ °f tnoft other Gems, they are found exceeding the 
 (//DeL-aet. Oriental, (e) Many of them will abide the fire, withoi. 
 tie Gem. & change of colour. (/) 
 
 (ft) Mr. BoyU, Spirit of Salt extracts a rich Tincture out of Granates 
 of Gems, calcin’d and finely powder’d, (g) And Aq. Regis , a ri h 
 p - 88 - ‘ folll- 
 
Part III. 
 
 Of Gems. 
 
 287 
 
 de 
 
 folution of them , only powder’d 5 colour’d fomewhat 
 like a folution of Gold, (a) (k) ibid. 
 
 The Jewelers TOPAZ. Cbryfeleclron Plinij. This is an 
 Oriental one. ’Tis of a perfpicuous Golden colour, with 
 fome fcarlet fpots or like a deep Tincture of Saffron. 
 
 The Whiter or Female TOPAZ. Compofed of feveral 
 Cryftals, clear and colourlefs at the top 5 below, clear and 
 yellow. Growing on a white Matrix, with a light yellowifh 
 Tincture. They grow in Arabia, Bohemia, lyre. The belt in 
 India and Baciriana: the Europeans , efpecially, being foft, 
 and not without blackifh Clouds. The Oriental , the hard- 
 eft of Gems , except the Diamond. And probably the Ruby. 
 
 Found fometimes fo big as to weigh twelve pounds, (b) D) Boet. d 
 Ass ujium, ft annum ufttum, Cinabar , and Cryftal, melted toge- G ™' & L 
 ther, imitate a Topaz, iff) " WAidrov. 
 
 The SMARAGDUS, growing together with a pale Arne- M- Meta!1 - 
 thyjl in one Matrix. The Cryjials are angular, but feem to 
 hold no proportion. 
 
 The Occidental , fometimes as big as a mans fift, efpecially 
 in Peru 3 but foft and cloudy. The Oriental, no bigger 
 than a Filbert. The Europeans, in Cyprus, lyre, the worth 
 Tis imitated id) with As ttftum , and half as much Crocus An ff 0 ' 
 
 J fin. (inA\- 
 
 Martis. ^ drov- M> 
 
 Six Grains of this Stone, in powder, procureth fweat. (e) MLti) a ‘“ 
 Applied entire to the Belly,ftopeth all kind of Dyfenetries in o/'muC 
 a miraculous manner. (/) Wormian. 
 
 A CLEAR and GREEN STONE, (a kind of Smarayy 
 dus) which, being heated red hot, fhineth 111 the dark for *ierius. 
 a confiderable time, fc. about T* of an hour. Given by 
 Dr .William Crown. I tried the experiment my felt alfo. 
 
 And at the fame time obferv’d, That as it grew hot in the 
 fire, its Green colour was changed into a Sky-blew 3 which 
 it like wife retain’d fo long as it continu’d to Ihine: but after 
 that, recover d its native green again. 
 
 The AGATE. So called from the River Achates in 
 Sicily, near which it was firft found.(g) Almoft of the colour fe)Theo P br 
 of clear Horn. The hardeft of Semiperfpicuous Gems. They ^ l l ‘ 
 grow in India, Germany,Bohemia. Naturally adorned with 
 much variety of waved and other figur’d Veins, Spots, the 
 reprefentation of Vegetable, and fometimes of Animal 
 Bodies. None more memorable, than that mention’d 
 
 b 7 
 
288 
 
 Of Gems'. 
 
 Part III, 
 
 00 Lib. 7. 
 
 C. Ill 
 
 (b) Muf. 
 Septal. 
 
 by Vliny, {a) of Pyrrhus King of Epyrus, in which, without 
 much (train of pliancy, one might imagine a reprefenta- 
 tion of the Nine Mufes , and Apollo, with his Harp , in the 
 middle of them. Tis ufed for Sword-Hilts, Iinife-Hafts, 
 Beads, Cups, and the like. There are pieces of it, fometimes 
 (b) as thick as a Mans Arm. 
 
 The ONYX. So called, becaufe in colour not unlike the 
 Nail of a Mans Finger. Ambrofinus confounds the Agate 
 and the Onyx together. But the Onyx differs from the 
 Agate, chiefly, in that, inftead of Veins, ’tis generally com- 
 pofed, faith Boetius, of Zones. But I think rather of feveral 
 Balls , one within another : which, when the Stone is po- 
 lifh’d, do indeed reprefent a round fpot in the centre, with 
 feveral Zones or Rings about it. Here are of divers 
 forts. 
 
 An ONYX with a white, and very broad Zone. 
 
 ANOTHER, of a pale Blew. 
 
 A THIRD, with Rings White and Bay. 
 
 A FOURTH, of a light yellowilh colour, or of Citrine 
 Amber, with afh-colour’d Rings. 
 
 A FIFTH, m Figure like an Eye, with the Irk, White; 
 the Pupil, of the colour of Honey. 
 
 A SIXTH, with the middle Spot or Pupil encompafled 
 with a grey Iris. 
 
 A SEVENTH, with the Iris party-colour’d, within, 
 White; without, brown; and the Pupil alfo of the fame 
 colour. 
 
 An EIGHTH, with an afh-colour’d Pupil, the Iris of a 
 pale Ajnethyftbie within, and white without. Thefe with 
 more variety of colours, are by fome particularly called 
 NICCOLI-, qu. Onycidi. 
 
 A NINTH, which maybe nam’d. The BINOCULAR ; 
 as having the likenefs of two little Eyes. The Table on 
 which Nature hath drawn them, is of the colour of yellow 
 Amber, and femiperfpicuous. The Eyes are white, with 
 their Pupils of the colour of the paleft live Honey. 
 
 A TENTH, diitindly called BELI OCVLVS: the Iris 
 whereof is Grey; the Pupil, and the reft of the Eye, 
 Black. 
 
 An ELEVENTH, of the colour of yellow Amber, with 
 grey Girdles, not round, as in all the former, but angular. 
 
 The 
 
f* A R T III. 
 
 Of Gems. 
 
 289 
 
 The EMBRIO of an ONTX. So I name it. ’Tis a half 
 Globe., polifh’d. The outer Cruft or Shell, Semiperfpicuous, 
 and as hard as of a true Oynx. The part within, round, of 
 an opacous liver-colour, and fo foft as to be diftoluble with 
 
 Spirit of Nitre. 
 
 A PEBBLE of kin to the Onyx. ’Tis round or globous, 
 and on the two oppofite Tides, a little prominent. About 
 an inch in Diametrc. The outer Shell, yellowifh 3 the mid- 
 dlemoft, red 3 both opacous. The intimate Part, diapha¬ 
 nous, and oi the colour of a glowing Coal. It feemeth to 
 me, That as Tome Pebbles , fo many more Flints, arc a fort 
 of ONTX. The Onyx, amongft other things, is ufedfor the 
 making of Cups 5 of which, King Mithridates is faid to 
 have had twoThoufand. Sometimes fo big, as to ferve 
 for Statues. At Rome , in the Bafilica of St. Peter , there are 
 ( or were in Boetius’s time) fix little Onychine Columns. (<*)<» Boet.uk 
 They grow both in the Eaft and Weft-Indies , and in 2 -deGem. 
 Europe. & L ' 
 
 The ONYCHATE. Betwixt an Onyx and an Achate. 
 Compofed not of Zones , or Balls ,but of Plates, perfpicuous 
 and afh-colour’d, mixed. 
 
 ANOTHER, of a Globous Figure, confiding of Plates 
 afh-colour’d and brown: like a little turn’d Bowl of AJh- 
 
 vtood. 
 
 A THIRD, confiding of Black , and Horn-colour'd 
 Plates , mixed together, thefe latter, being alfo ftained with 
 red fpots. 
 
 The PSEUDOPALUS. ’Tis of a pale blewifh Water, 
 like a Fijhes Eye, or a drop of S/fmd-Mil/y, with fome 
 Rays of yellow. 
 
 ANOTHER, growing to a thin Cruft or Matrix of an 
 Iron-colour. 
 
 This, and the Opalus itfelf, the fofteft of Gems. (i)They Wfioet.de 
 are now found principally in Hungary, (c) The Opalus, ^™x a , erm 
 faith Boetius, hath its variety of colours, only by Re- Voyages. 
 fraction : (adds Laet, (d) like thofe in a Prifme) for if it be (j) Lib. 1. 
 broken it loofeth them.’Tis true,that thefe colours are pro- dc Gcm - 
 duced by Refraction :yet not as in a Prifme 5 as not depend - c ' 13 ‘ 
 ing upon the Figure, (for they will not be produced in 
 other Stones of the fame figure) nor fo much as any flaw 
 orflakinefs in the Stone 5 but its peculiar Texture, which 
 
 P p caufeth 
 
290 
 
 Of Gems. 
 
 ART 
 
 lit 
 
 (a) Porta. 
 
 ( b) Nuin. 38 , 
 
 caufeth tliofc Retractions. Tin and Venis-Glafs melted to¬ 
 gether, imitate an Opalus. (a) See alfo the Phil. Tranf. 
 
 fnpra. 
 
 (d) Foffil. 
 Nomcncl. 
 
 hereof. (b) 
 
 The ONYCOFALUS. By fome called 0 cuius Cati. It 
 hath the Zones or Rings of the Onyx, of a pale White. The 
 bed of thefe are found in Zeilan and Pegu. Much harder 
 than the Opalus. It might be try’d, whether this Stone doth 
 in any degree partake of the ftrange property of the Opalus • 
 fome of which, being only fteeped a while in common 
 2 ^ lct ’ ubi water, will become Tranf parent for fome time, (c) 
 
 The CALCEDONY, i. e. Onyx Chalcedonius , as Kentman 
 not amifs. id) This is polifh’d and fet in a Frame. Above 
 four inches long, and near as broad. Semiperfpicuous, al- 
 rnoft like to a piece of grey Ice. Confiding of white and 
 moll perfpicuous parts fo mixed together,as to look in fome 
 fort like a Honey-Coome. 
 
 Another fmall one, with a pointed and fexangular polifh 
 at both ends. 
 
 This Stone is next in hardnefs to the German Agate. The 
 cleared:, with a pale cad of blew the bed. In Germany , be¬ 
 ing cut into thin broad Tablets , many have their Arms 
 either engraven thereon, or painted on the back-fide; pre- 
 fering it to Cryftal, as being harder, if good. Hereof alfo 
 are made little Mortars for the powdering of Emery ; like- 
 Wife Cups, Religious Beads, istc. (e) 
 
 The SARDIUS or Cornelian, qu. Carnelian. Afemiper- 
 fpicuous Stone. The bed, by fome called The Male, of the 
 colour of Flefh, faith Boetiws, with the blood in it. I add, 
 but of a living Animal. But this is diluted with fomewhat 
 of an Amber- colour. Anciently not only This, but all the 
 fmaller Gems, were ufed efpecially for Signets and Signet- 
 
 k / LIi“ p - (/) . fl 
 
 The SARDONYX. As it were compounded of the 
 Sardius , and the Onyx. This is polifh’d, and fo the better 
 fhews it felf. It confideth of White and Blackilh Rings, 
 one with in another. And dained both with red, and pale 
 green Spots interjected. The Rings , with the help of a Glajs, 
 appear much more numerous, curioudy reprefenting thofe 
 in the Root of Taraxacum or Ban-de-Lyon, cut tranfverdy. 
 Note alfo, That the faid Rings are properly fo call’d, only in 
 the pohfh’d Stone j being, when entire, really fo many Balls, 
 
 0) Georg, 
 Agric. 
 
 as 
 
Part III. Of Gems. 291 
 
 as in the Bezoar or Onyx-, one within another. This Stone 
 is found in feveral parts in Afia and Europe. Harder than 
 the Onyx , or the Agate ; and is therefore figur’d with 
 Emery. Hereof anciently Cups were made, and thofe Dijhes 
 call’d Vafa Myrrhina. See Worm. 
 
 The JASPIS. An opacous Gem 5 always, faith Laet, {a) de 
 with fome kind of earthynefs. But I take this to be only 
 the property of the Lapis Nepbriticus. Tis found of moil 
 colours 5 of which here is fome variety. 
 
 A GREEN JASPIS, Rained with White Spots. 
 
 A Flefh-colour’d JASPIS, with Blackifh Striae. 
 
 ANOTHER, Rained with Purple and Blew Spots mixed 
 together. 
 
 A FOURTH, Rained with white and red Spots. 
 
 A FIFTH, Variegated with White, Carnation,Red, dark 
 Green, and bright Green Veins and Spots. Very like to 
 thofe,which Boetius faith are plentifully found in Bohemia. 
 
 A GEOMETRICK JASPER. It feemeth at leaR of 
 affinity with the Lapis Sanguinalis defcribed in Boetiu-s. (b) 
 
 But is certainly one fort of Lapis Cruciformis. (c) This Monardes. 
 here is polifh’d into a plain Oval Figure, or flat on both 
 fides. About an inch and I long, and * thick. In the centre Metaii. 
 or middle part of both fides Rands a Rhumb orDiamond- 
 fquare part, of a blackifh Green. From the four Angles 
 whereof are produced as many Lines of the fame colour$ 
 and from each of thefe, two more, at acute Angles 5 the 
 extreme parts whereof compofe four more green Parts, as 
 it were half Rhumbs: all joyn’d together with a circle near 
 the Rim of the Stone. AmongR thefe, fome yellow and 
 red Spots are fprinkled up and down. 
 
 A Bag of a courfe fort of JASPER Stones, knockt off 
 from thofe in Wilts-fbire near Maryborough , called The 
 Grey-Weathers. Given by John Aubrey Efq;. So hard, that 
 no Tool will touch them. Generally of a light Grey,fome 
 almoR white, many of a dirty red. 
 
 Another, of a blewifhGrey. Taken from a like fhelf of 
 Stones at Stone-heng. ’Tis hard enough to fcratch Glafs. 
 
 Another like a green Pebble, found in one of the Streets 
 of this City. Where alfo, faith the fore-mentioned Perfon, 
 many more arc met with, and that they are a fort of Jafper, 
 brought, as Ballaji, from the Eaft-Indies. 
 
 Pp 2 
 
 The 
 
292 
 
 Part III. 
 
 Of Gems. 
 
 The JASPACHATES. Tis polifh’d, and fo figur’d, as 
 to look like one half of a Pear, with the Stalk, Coar, and 
 dead Flower cut out. Curioufly beautify’d with Yellow, 
 Purple, and Blood-red Spots, immerfed in the Horny and 
 Sennperfpicuous colour of the Agate 5 with which alfo ’tis 
 equally hard. This alfo is a kind of BLOOD-STONE: as 
 all other Jafpers with red Spots. 
 
 The JASPONYX. ’Tis polifh’d with an Oval Figure. 
 Compofed of white Zones, bcfprinklecl with White,Brown, 
 and Red Spots. 
 
 Another of a courfer kind, compos’d of Green and A(F- 
 colour’d Plates. Like that Marble defcribed by Imperatus 
 with parallel black Lines. 
 
 The JASPAMMITES. So I call it 5 Having the Figure 
 of the Ammites, with the Colour and Hardnefs of the 
 Jafp'vs. For ’tis compofed of little orbicular Stones, fome- 
 what bigger than a Pepper-Corn 5 all green without, and 
 of a dark Purple in the centre. So as they feemalfo to 
 have been once little crufted or Ihell’d Balls, as thofe of the 
 Ammites , hereafter defcrib’d. 
 
 The Jafph grows in India, PhrygiafThracia, and Bohemia. 
 Next in hardnefs to the Agate. Sometimes fo big, as to 
 be ufed for Statues. Of great efteern, as an Amulet , for 
 the ftainching of all Haemorrhages. Of its Effect herein, 
 fee fome Cafes in Boetius-, one of them a mod remarqua- 
 (a) DeGera, ble one. (a) See alfo two others, in Mr. Boyle, Of Gems. 
 lib. 2.C.102. The fpecifick Virtues afcnbed to This and divers other 
 Stones, feeming almod incredible unto fome : Mr. Boyle, 
 ^ to render an intelligible Account of the fame 5 doth rea- 
 ^ ag.177, p ona yy f U pp 0 f Ci xhat all opacous Medical Stones have 
 been, fome Bolus’ s, fome Ores of Metals, or Minerals of 
 kin to Metals, fo advantagioufly alter’d, as by application 
 (c) of the- only to become Sanative, (c) The Green-Jajper is by fome 
 Gmj,p. 1 t^i prefer d: but that which Boetius us’d in the Cafes above- 
 172- ’ mention’d, was wholly Red, 
 
 ^ The NEPHRITICK-STONE. Of affinity with the 
 Jafpis, and rather harder. Of feveral colours; but no 
 one of two, nor any Red: for the mod part of a pale 
 Green. It hath fome fofter parts intermixed, which make 
 it look fometimes as if it were a little oily ; and for which 
 caufe it admits not of a perfect poliih. Of thefe here are 
 two Species $ firft. The 
 
Part III. 
 
 Of Gems. 
 
 The NEPHRITICK STONE of Brafile. Gemmafiefnero, 
 Oripendula. Defcribed by the Author of the Name. But this 
 is fmaller, and feems to be broken. Of a pale blewifh Green, 
 with fome pores containing a whitifh fubifance. Poliih’d 
 and Taped into a little Column. The better fort of die 
 Natives of Brafile , to diftinguilh themfelves, when they go 
 abroad, wear this Stone (as we Rings on the Ear) upon 
 their Lip 5 which is bored in their Childhood for that pur- 
 pofe. 
 
 ANOTHER, of affinity with the former. It confifteth 
 moftly of parts of a dark Green; yet glofly ; and firmly 
 cohering. Yet fo as in feveral confpicuous pores to con¬ 
 tain a foft whitifh fubftance. 
 
 This Stone, although of no beauty,yet is placed amongft 
 Gems , for that it is highly eifeemed, as an Amulet againft 
 Mephitical Pains, and the Stone and Gravel in the Kidneys. 
 
 Of the admirable effects whereof, in divers Cafes of this 
 Nature, fee the Relations of Monardes , and from him of 
 Boetius ; as alfo from a Noble Perfon, his Kinfman. (a) The on Lib.2. 
 Green one with black fpots, is commended by many. But c ' 1IO ' 
 I.aet faith, (b) he had one almoftof the colour of Honey, (h) Lib.r 
 which, upon frequent experience, he found to do all that de La P- 
 Monardes relates of it. 
 
 —The TURCOIS. So called, becaufe brought to moil 
 places from Turfy, or thofe that trade from thence. By 
 the Indians, Perofe 5 for that it is found, moll abundant, 
 faith Cerutus, (c) only, faith 1 'avemere, {d)\\\ Per fa. See ^, M g f,Cal " 
 theDefcription hereof in Boeths. This here, is all over 3 ’ 
 tuberous on the top with round Knobs, of feveral flzes, 
 from that of the head of a fmall Brafs Nail to that of a Pin 5 
 fome ot a blewiih, others of darker Green. Within (fome- 
 what like the Onyx ) difpofed into Zones , mixed with 
 fpots: both of a Greenilh Black. ’Tis two inches broad, 
 and near three in length: a great one, if, as Boetius faith, 
 it feldom exceeds the bignefs of a Walnut. 
 
 Another, about as big as a Filbert. 
 
 A Third, a fmall one, like thofe fet in Rings. 
 
 The MOTHER of the TURCOIS, as is fuppofed. 
 
 Found in the Mines of Herngrunt in Hungary 5 and given 
 by Dr. Edvard Brovrne. Here are two Pieces. One of 
 them, for the greatell part, blew , with fome places black. 
 
 In 
 
294 Of Regular Stones. Part III, 
 
 In which is alfo immcrfed afore of fmall Sand-colour cl 
 Stones, fo hard as to fcratch Glafs. The other, hath alfo 
 a mixture of fome parts that are Green. The Blew and 
 the Green, are both, and they only dilfoluble upon the 
 effufion of Acids. 
 
 (a) Boet. de The beft of thefe Stones are the Bleweft. (a) They have 
 S>Lae t de a ^° this property; fc. to look blew by Day, (b) and Green 
 Gem. by Candle-light. Many, faith Boetius, have judged this to 
 be reckon’d by Pliny., amongft Jafpers with the Name of 
 Boreas. But either Pliny and the Ancients,or thofe that make 
 that judgment of them, were greatly miftaken. For this 
 is a very foft Stone, and eafily dilfoluble, with Ebullition, 
 immediately upon the effufion of fome, efpecially Nitrous 
 Acids : and may be feraped with a Knife. So that I am 
 of Opinion; That ’tis nothing elfe but a fort of JErugo 
 in fome meafure petrify’d. Which alfo is further confirm’d 
 in that it doth not only refemble that in Colour, but, be¬ 
 ing (as it is eafily) burnt, is of the fame Taft. So that it 
 is no marvail, if this Stone, with Age and efpecially much 
 worn and expofed to theAir,loofeth the beauty of its colour. 
 And that it may be reftored to the fame by Oil of Vitriol 5 
 which eateth off its faded Surface. 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 Of REGVLAR STONES. 
 
 A S Gems are diftinguilhed chiefly by their Colours ; fo 
 other Stones Regular, by their external Forms. Tliis 
 is of two general kinds. Such as is Circumfcriptive, or 
 depending upon the whole Stone, as ex.gr. in the Eagle- 
 Stone ; and this is properly call’d the Figure. Or fuch as 
 is Accumulative, where there is a repetition of the fame 
 Figure in feveral parts, as in Mujcovy-Glafs, compofed of 
 parallel Plates: and fo for the reft, whereof in their 
 order. 
 
 A GLOBULAR PEBBLE, an inch and »in Diametre, 
 whitiih and femiperfpicuous. It feems to be an Allay to¬ 
 wards the Eagle-Stone, hereafter defenb’d. 
 
 A 
 
Part III. Of Regular Stoner. 295 
 
 A CLUSTER’D PISOLYTHOS. It confifteth of Glo¬ 
 bular and bay Stones, united together with an Afh-colour’d 
 Cement: But this is very hard, and ftirs not with Acids. 
 Boetim and others figure a Clufter of thefe, but fomewhat 
 bigger. 
 
 This Stone may feem to belong to the fecond general 
 kind above-faid. But is really a heap of diftinct Stones in 
 one Bed. Which is alfo to be underftood of others 
 alike. 
 
 ANOTHER, compofed of Globular Stones., confiding 
 of a whitiih, and foft or friable fubftance; yet gritty, and 
 mdiffoluble with Acids. United together with a brown 
 Cement. 
 
 A SINGLE one of the fame Figure, but bigger 5 fc. as 
 big as a Phyfical Pill. As alfo femipellucid, alrnoft as the 
 bay Amber. Very hard and indiffoluble with Acids. Befler 
 figures forne of thefe, with the Name of Pi fa majora la- 
 pidea. 
 
 The SINEPITES, as it may be called. Being a Clufter 
 of fmall hard Globules , like Muftard-feeds 3 and united 
 together with an obfeure or dull Red Cement. Given by 
 Sig r . Boccone. 
 
 The MECONITES. A Clufter of other like Globules 
 no bigger than Poppy-feeds. See one of thefe in Boetim 
 and Befler. Thefe two laft, are properly of the Hammites 
 kind 3 but not the Pifolythos, although accounted fo by 
 Boetius. Of thefe Globules, it is obfervable With the help 
 of a Glafs, That although they are fo very fmall, yet are 
 they fhell’d, or compofed of little Balls one within another, 
 as the Bezpar-Stone. 
 
 The CLUSTER’D STALAGMITES. A Congeries of 
 Globular Stones, likefo many petrify’d Drops 5 of the co¬ 
 lour of Oriental Bezoar 5 cemented together with a kind of 
 Gypfum. The whole Mafs, which here is polifh’d, is two 
 inches and «fquare, and an inch high. This, and the fol¬ 
 lowing Stones of affinity herewith, differ from the five 
 former, not fo much in figure, as in fubftance, thefe being 
 all inftantly difibluble with Acids. So that they feem to be 
 a kind of Gypfum,b rft diftolved in forne Mineral Menflruum, 
 and after fetl ing in this Figure. 
 
 The CORALLINE STALAGMITES, alfo clufter’d. It 
 
 eon- 
 
2 $6 
 
 Of Regular Stones. Part III. 
 
 confiftcth of little round Stones of the bignefs of the for¬ 
 mer, but of the colour of red Coral. Cemented together 
 with a fort of Gypfum. It is dilfolved, upon the effiifion of 
 any ftrong Acid, with a ftrong Effervefcence. 
 
 The POROUS STALAGMITES. ’Tis a ruder Species, 
 the Stones of which it is compofed,being not fo diftintt and 
 round, as in the former. Cover d all over with one com¬ 
 mon Cruft. Yet moil of them pounced with fmall or more 
 open pores. 
 
 A SINGLE one, call’d PISVM CAROLINVM-, be- 
 caufe frequently bred in the Caroline Baths. Whitiih, 
 fmooth and denfe 5 and near as big as a Piftol Bullet. 
 
 Two SINGLE ones. Given by Sir Philip Skippcn. Of 
 a glolly Afh-colour, and very denfe fubftance: yet eafily 
 dillolved with Spirit of Nitre. Thefe are fomewhat 
 angular. 
 
 Two more, which are TWINS. Thefe are perfectly 
 round, except where they joyn together. 
 
 A Great TIBULINE SUGAR-PLUM. This and the 
 other Rough forts the Italians call Confetti cle Tihuli 5 the 
 place (not far from Rome) where they are bred. ’Tis above 
 4 an inch in Diametre, Globular, White, and Rough 5 ex¬ 
 actly like a great Confet. 
 
 A Parcel of SMALL ones 5 white, round, and as it were 
 granulated : juft like Carvy Confets, and fuch like. Bejler 
 figures feverai of thefe under the Name of Petrify’d Anife- 
 feeds, Fenil-feeds, tec. 
 
 The SUGAR-ALMOND, bred alfo in the fame place. 
 In colour, figure, fize, and furface, fo like to the rougher 
 fort which Confeftioners fometimes make, that, excepting 
 the Taft, nothing can be liker. 
 
 Three STONES found very deep under ground near 
 Hartford in New England. One of an Oval Figure, flatiih, 
 and having a little Globule Handing upon its centre. Ano¬ 
 ther, two half Globes, joyn’d edge to edge. The Third, 
 much bigger than the f ormer, of a circular Figure, and flat; 
 an inch and 1 over; alrnoft like the Caps worn by Zhider- 
 Graduates in our Uniyerfities. All foft, and fine, or not 
 gritty, and not unlike a hard Bole. Spirit of Nitre diflolves 
 them with Effervefcence. 
 
 A little round, flat, and blackifh Stone, refembling a 
 
 Medicinal 
 
Part III. Of Regular Stoner, 
 
 Medicinal TROCH, or a thin CAKE of Terra figillata, 
 having as it were the Impreflion of a frnall Seal on one 
 fide. ’Tis a perfedt Pebble , not affected with any Acid. 
 
 The EAGLE-STONE. JEtites. All the former Stones 
 were round and folid. This is hollow. Named from a 
 vulgar opinion, That the Eagle, when Ihe fits, carries it to 
 her Neft, to keep her Egg from being addle. And this, 
 joyn’d with another,That Bodies operate according to their 
 Signature : as this Stone , which often contains, or if you 
 will, goes great with another Stone within it. Several forts 
 hereof are here preferv’d. 
 
 The FLORID Male EAGLE-STONE. A rare kind. 
 ’Tis a perfect Flint , and femiperfpicuous $ of a Globular- 
 Figure, and as big as a good big Apple, or near three inches 
 m Diametre. Flouriihed all round about with feveral fets 
 of Rings one included within another, with fome fimili- 
 tude to fo many little Rofes or double Crowfoot-Flowers. 
 ’Tis very ponderous, being almoft folid. Yet hollow at 
 the centre 5 containing not one, but feveral frnall Stones , 
 as is argu’d from the noife they make, upon (haking the 
 Stone. 
 
 An ANGULAR or Ridged Male EAGLE-STONE. 
 This alfo is about the bignefs of a good large Apple. Of 
 a brown colour, but daubed over with a kind of Okie 3 
 and was therefore probably bred in a Bed of the fame. 
 ’Tis very heavy; which argues it almoft folid, as the for¬ 
 mer, and to have only a frnall hollow in the centre. 
 
 An ORBICULAR EAGLE-STONE. About the big¬ 
 nefs of a midling Apple. The outfide, rough and brown. 
 Inwardly black. The Concave furface daubed with a fort 
 of Okie ; a quantity of which, ’tis likely, it once con¬ 
 tain’d. 
 
 An OVAL EAGLE Stone. About as big as a midling 
 Walnut. Without, blackifh and rough, as it were granulated 
 with fome femiperfpicuous Sands. Smooth within, and of 
 a fpruce Okie colour. O11 one fide, it hath an oblong 
 Aperture, with a fmooth Lip as it were turned outward. 
 
 One half of an OVAL EAGLE Stone. ’Tis near three 
 inches in Diametre. The infide rough-caft with frnall 
 Grains, in fize, like thofe of Bay-Salt 3 fo hard as to cut 
 Glafs. 
 
 Qji 
 
 2 97 
 
 The 
 
298 
 
 Of Regular Stones. Part III. 
 
 The FLAT round EAGLE Stone. Of a brown colour, 
 and figur’d like a Trocb. 
 
 The AMYGDALINE. EAGLE Stone. Shaped like an 
 Almond. Of a glofly brown, like half bright Iron. It con¬ 
 tains a fort of Bole, of the colour of Fullers-Earth. 
 
 The Eagle-Stone which containeth no Stone, but Earth, 
 is called GEODES. GE/ETITES were more exprefs. 
 
 ANOTHER, of the fame figure and bignefs 5 but fome- 
 what flatter. 
 
 A Rough and hard EAGLE Stone, the Concave furface 
 whereof is daubed with a foft white wafh, a kind of Gypfum, 
 diffoluble with Spirit of Nitre. 
 
 ANOTHER Hard one, immerfed in Iron Ore. All thefe 
 are Naked. Thofe that follow have a foft Coat. 
 
 A COATED EAGLE Stone: A hollow Flint 5 one way, 
 near two inches in Diametre, and almoft round. Cover’d 
 with a kind of white Earth, about * th ofan inch thick: yet 
 not Chalky, but effxte, making no Effervefcence w ith Acids. 
 Containing feveral fparks or grains of Flint, duller’d in a 
 round Lump, together with fome of the like Earth, as 
 without. 
 
 A little Flinty LUMP taken out of another of the fame 
 
 Species. 
 
 TWO more EAGLE Stones, of the fame Species, of a 
 midling fize, and almoft as round as a Ball. One of them as 
 big as a good big Walnut. 
 
 A FOURTH, bigger than a Musket-Bullet, and as round. 
 Cover’d, as the three former, with a white earthy Coat 5 
 and containing the like fubftance in the centre. The main 
 Body of all thefe, is either true Flint, or of a hard fub- 
 ftance approaching to it. All thefe -are by fome called 
 Males. 
 
 The FOEMALE EAGLE Stone. ’Tis round, and in 
 a manner Oval. As big as a good large Apple. Alh- 
 colour’d without, and white within. Of a foft triable and 
 chalky fubftance, inftantly diffoluble with Acids. From the 
 outfide, to the Concave, i an inch thick. Containeth a foft 
 'white chalky Stone, filling up its whole hollow, and an- 
 fwering to it, as the 7 elf doth to the White of an Egg. This 
 Stone is by Pliny called CALI MVS. 
 
 ANOTHER, fomewhat harder. ’Tis alfo round, and 
 
 bigger 
 
Part III. Of Regular Stones. 
 
 bigger than the former , and the fides above ; an inch 
 thick. Rough on the outfide, and fmooth within. Yet 
 fo, as to be farrow’d with certain fhallow Rings. To which 
 alfo the Calimus, therein contain’d, exactly anfwers, as any 
 Metal doth to the Mould in which it is caff. Both of them 
 make an Efervefcence with Acids. 
 
 The CALIMUS of another Eagle-Stone , as big as a 
 good big Gall, and knobed in the fame manner. 
 
 Several Species of this Stone are figur’d by Aldrovandwsfa) M Muf.Mc 
 
 The flinty Eagle-Stone, and many other Flints , if ob- tai1 ’ 
 ferv’d when they are broken, feem to be an Allay towards 
 the Onyx. 
 
 The Eagle-Stone is found in Apulia, Germany, MifniapSc. 
 
 Much accounted of by fome,as an Amulet againft Abortions. 
 
 The SEMIGLOBULAR TOAD-STONE. Lapis Bufo- 
 news f. Garatronens. It looks like the the one half of a hard 
 flinty Eagle-Stone $ and probably, is nothing elfe. The 
 Diametre* of an inch. 
 
 The SEMIOVAL TOAD-STONE. ’Tis an inch long, 
 
 ' an inch over, of a brown colour, and flinty. 
 
 The Long SEMIOVAL TOAD-STONE. This alfo is 
 flinty, and of a fhining brown, or the colour of Oriental 
 Bezoar, being polifh’d. ’Tis about an inch long, and near 
 i an inch over. Befer figures this, with the Name of Batra- 
 choides. 
 
 Another fort of Toad-Stone, femiglobular, and folid, fc. 
 with a flat bafe, is defcribed by Gefner. (b) Thus far of fTtib. de 
 Stones more Round. I fhall next defcribe thofe which are 3p ' Flg ‘ 
 Cylindrick^, or near that Figure. And firfl the Ofteocolla , of 
 which here are feveral Species. 
 
 The SOLID or Pithlefs KNIT-BONE. Ranked by 
 Kentman , (c) and not improperly, among!! the forts of OJte- m Foiiii, 
 ocolla. Yet obtains the peculiar Name of ENOSTEOS: Nomcncl - 
 being porous, light, fpongy, and cylindrick ; fo as to look 
 juft like the inward part of a Bone, or of Harts-EIom. 
 
 The KNIT-BONE with a fmall PITH. ’Tis bended 
 almoft like the Letter /. Cylindrick, and three inches round. 
 
 Almoft folid, yet containeth a very fmall Pit!). The outer 
 part, of an Aflvcolour, and gritty or fabulous. The Pith, 
 like moft white Chalk. Both of them make a confpicuous 
 Efervefcence with Acids 5 but efpecially the Pith. 
 
 Q ji 2 
 
 The 
 
goo Of Regular Stones. Part III. 
 
 The GREAT-PITHD KNIT-BONE." This is not a 
 
 {ingle one, but a Gutter. They ftand together parallel, 
 equal to the thick end of a Tobacco-Pipe-Stal 4 ; without 
 exceeding fmooth, and of a yellowiih colour, fomewhat 
 like that of the Plates in the Ludrn Helmontij, hereafter de- 
 feribed. Filled with a very large Pith, anfwerable to that 
 m an Eldern-Branch , hard and ftony, and of a blewiih co¬ 
 lour, like that of blew Mark. The fpaces between the fe- 
 veral Cylinders , fill’d up with another fort of Stone , of the 
 colour of old Elm. The yellowiih Cylinders, being rub’d 
 hard, or feraped, hath a ftrong {linking feent: but what 
 Species to compare it too, doth not at prefent occur. They 
 are prefently dittblved with Spirit of Nitre. 
 
 ANOTHER CLUSTER like the former 3 faving, that 
 the Cylinders ftand together] without any, or with little, 
 order: and that the brown and blewilh Stones are both 
 mixed in Veins, and feveral of the Cylitiders hollow. 
 
 The EMPTY KNIT-BONE. This is neither folid, nor 
 hath any Pith, but a Pipe ; yet with a very Email bore. 
 Smooth both within and without. And tranfverjly ttriated, 
 as the Belemnites, hereafter defcrib’d. 
 
 ANOTHER, fomewhat more hollow. This alfo is 
 tranfverfly ttriated, as the former ; but without rough and 
 of an Iron-colour. 
 
 A THIRD, moft hollow; knobed without, and of an 
 Afh-colour. 
 
 Of thefe 5 >cwes,fee the Relation efpecially of Joh.Chryfto- 
 Tri ^'a T'l ,orm Beckjnannm , Phyfick Profeflor at Frank furt 5 (a) who 
 
 obferves, That they grow 111 a fandy, feldom or never in a 
 claiy-Ground. Sometimes two mens depth; and with 
 Brancheslide-ways. Taper d, as in Plants; where tlnckeft, 
 equal to an ordinary Arm; the Email Branches, to ones little 
 Finger. The Place where found is noted by a white fatty 
 Sand, the reft yellowiih round about; and underneath a 
 dark, moift, and fatty putrid fubftance, like rotten-Wood, 
 running in Veins and is the Mother of the Ofteocolla. So 
 that it fee ms to grow fomewhat after the manner of the En- 
 trochus, or Stelechites above defcrib’d. ’Tis found molt in 
 Saxony , and the Palatinate. 
 
 This S' tone , as is . seated by its Name, is highly efteemed 
 for expediting tPo Coalition of broken Bones; jj hereof 
 
 being 
 
Part III. Of Regular Stoner. 301 
 
 being given and repeated for above five days together. 
 
 See one or two very remarquable Hiftories hereof in Boe- 
 
 tius. (a) M De Lap. 
 
 The Larger Hollow STALACTITES, or WATER- 2 &Gem ' Llb - 
 PIPE. The Greek. Name fuppofeth it to grow fomewhat 
 after the manner of Icicles , from Lapidifick-Waters. Yet 
 how it ihould grow hollow, as this, is fomewhat hard to 
 conceive. For hereby, it feems rather to grow or fprout 
 upward , as the Stelechites. Only with this difference, 
 
 That as that grows from an open Bed: this probably, from 
 one under Water. Whence I take leave for the Englijh 
 Name. Tis three inches long, in thicknefs equal to the 
 little Finger. Of a Cylindrick. Figure, faving that at both 
 ends ’tis a little more {lender; whether naturally, appears 
 not. Compofed of feveral aih-colour’d and blackifh . 
 Crufts, exceeding thin crifpe and brittle, not ill re- 
 fembling a rouled Wafer. The Bore is lined through with 
 a fmall granulated Candy. ’Tis inftantly diffolved with 
 Spirit of Nitre. 
 
 ANOTHER, confiding wholly of white Crufts or Wafers 
 one within another. 
 
 The SMALL WATER-PIPE. ’Tis a Clufter of very 
 fmall Tubes , with the Borefo fmall, asfcarcely to be feen 
 without a Glafs. Rough all over with a tuberous Cruft. 
 
 They are found in Germany-, Moravia , and other Parts. 
 
 One Drachm hereof in Powder, is a potent Sudor i- 
 
 M n , (ijBoet.de 
 
 A Stone like a Pebble with fmall TUBULAR KNOBS P 
 upon it, like the Primordia of a Water-Pipe. They are 
 fo fmall, that their hollows cannot be obferv’d without a 
 Glafs. The Stone on which they grow, though very hard, 
 yet makes a ftrong Effe'rvefcence with Spirit of Nitre. Thus 
 far of Cylindrick.Stones. 
 
 The CONICK STALACTITES, folid. ’Tis about three 
 inches long 5 the top fharp, the middle s an inch over 5 
 the bafe, an inch, with four or five excentrick Crufts. The 
 whole compofed of feveral Crufts, one within another, as 
 the Water-Pipe. Yet not hollow, as that, or rather not 
 empty, but filled with a Red ftony fubftance. Being 
 kroken, it fhines like the Lapis Judaicus. Without, frnooth, 
 of an Aih-colour, with fome little caft of red. Inftantly 
 
 diffolved 
 
3©2 
 
 Of Regular Stoner. Part III. 
 
 . r diflolved with Spirit of Nitre. Aldrovandws ( a ) hath one 
 Metallic™ figur’d like this; but by himfelf, or by Ambrofnus , call’d 
 Stelecbites Pyramidal'n ; very improperly. 
 
 The CONICK STALACTITES, hollow. ’Tis three 
 inches long 5 at the top, which is now open, •> over 5 in the 
 middle, near 15 the bafe fpread out, with feveral round 
 Crufts on one fide, like half bubbles, to the breadth of 
 above an inch. On the oppofite fide, with a ihort fingle 
 piped one. All of them contained together within the 
 utmoft Cruft. Smooth and aih-colour’d without, within 
 pure white. 
 
 The Black BELEMNITES. The generick Name is from 
 the fhape, like that of a Bolt-head. This Species is out¬ 
 wardly of an afh-colour, but black within: and therefore 
 by fome called Coraceas. Radiated as moft of them are, 
 with tranfverfe Striae. And bored at the thick end, which 
 is not fo ufual, with a Conicft hollow. See the Defcription 
 of two or three forts in Boetiius, Wormius , and others. 
 
 The WHITE BELEMNITES. ’Tis Conick as the for¬ 
 mer; but the Rays not fo plain. Together with its white 
 colour is joyn’d fome little tranfparency. 
 
 The bigger YELLOW BELEMNITES. Particularly 
 called Dactylics Ida-us ; for that it is in Ihape and bignefs like 
 a little Finger; and was firlt, or is now chiefly, found upon 
 Mount Ida. ’Tis folid, femiperfpicuous, and of the colour 
 of yellow Amber. They have ufually a kind of notched 
 Ridge all along one fide; but this hath two oppofite 
 ones. 
 
 ANOTHER, with a little Hollow fill’d up with a Pith 
 of Earth. 
 
 A CLUSTER of broken pieces of the Belemnites. 
 
 The SHELL’D BELEMNITES. qu.Stalemnites. Opa- 
 cous, and of the colour of grey Horn. Pointed at 
 both ends, as the Belemnites is at one. And at one end, 
 fheweth fix or feven ihells one over another, as in the 
 StalaHites above defenb’d. From whence I have 
 nam’d it. 
 
 Some of thefe being rub’d, take up Chaff or other light 
 (M Foffil. Bodies, as Amber doth. Kentman (b) mentions one of an 
 Nomenci. ^fa-colour, which being rub’d, fmelt like a burnt Cows 
 Horn. And a white one, which fmelt not much unlike to 
 
 white 
 
Part III. Of Regular Stones. 303 
 
 white Avibar. They are found in Germany , and other 
 Parts, fometimes in England. They all make a ftron g.E.ffer- 
 vefcence with Acids. Thus far of Stones fimply Conick. 
 
 The WORME-STONE. Tis now broken at one end, 
 yet about two inches and ’ long. Confifteth of about five 
 folid Rounds, winding from the bigger end (about ? of an 
 inch over) fo as to make a fpiral Cone. Not much unlike 
 a Steel Worme ufed for the drawing of Corky out of 
 Bottles. 
 
 Another of the famefhape and bignefs. This Stone I find 
 neither figur’d, nor mention’d by any Author, faving only 
 Olearim. ( a) They were taken out of the midft of 
 Rock. Mufeura - 
 
 A NETED-STONE. Lapis retifomm. It confifteth of 
 black and roundifh portions, fcverally furrounded with 
 Veins, of an Okre-colour, running one into another after 
 the manner of Net-work. Along the middle of each Vein 
 (about*' 11 of an inch broad) runs a fmall Thread or Line, 
 almoft of the fame colour. 
 
 Another, with the Areas of the Net-work, not fo black, 
 fofter, andfomewhat flaky. 
 
 A FLINT of a dull Red, with the Figure, almoft, of 
 a a encompafled with fix or feven Rings. 
 
 The FLAT BOLTHEAD. Anchorites. Of affinity with 
 that well deferibed by Wormim (b) with the Title of Silex (D Muf. lib.. 
 venabuli ferreum Cufpidem exade referens. By Mofcardo , (c) 
 with that of Pietre Ceraunie 5 who alfo figures it with three CO Muf. lib. 
 or four Varieties. This like thofe, is a perfect Flint, and 2,c,5 °' 
 femiperfpicuous. ’Tis hkewife in the fame manner, pointed 
 like a Speer. Having at the other end, like thofe of Mof¬ 
 cardo, a fhort Handle. But moreover, hath this peculiar, 
 that ’tis pointed or fpiked alfo backward on both fides the 
 Handle 5 with fome refemblance to an Anchor , or the Head 
 of a Bearded-Dart: from whence I have nam’d it. Tis 
 likewife toothed on the edges, and the fides as it were 
 wrought with a kind of undulated fculpture, as thofe before 
 mention’d. 
 
 ANOTHER, different from the former, in that it is 
 longer, hath a deeper Indenture, but no handle. Both of 
 them ftrike fire like other Flints. That of Wormim was 
 found in a Hill in the Diocefs of Ripen. 
 
 Not 
 
3°4 
 
 Of Regular Stones . 
 
 Part III* 
 
 ('«) Muf. 
 Septal. 
 
 Not only Mofcarc/o , but others reckon thefe amongft 
 the Ceraunia or Thunder-bolts. So called, beeaufe believed 
 fometimes with Thunder to fhootdown with violence out 
 of the middle Region. Amongft other Relations hereof, 
 that of Terzagi (a') is very exprefs; who faith, That the 
 Corps of one {truck dead with Thunder, being mfpeded in 
 the prefence of Sept allies, and feveral others, and a black 
 Wound obferved about the Hip, and fearched to the hone 5 
 they found therein a round and edged Stone , which being 
 broken, had a very ftrong fulphurious ftink. With tins 
 Author, I fcarce think any thing ot this nature incredible, 
 
 (b) Mufeum po thofe that read the Relation given at large by Wormius ( b ) 
 of the Norwegiick. Moufe. 
 
 Thus far ot Regular Stones-, whole cxtci nal Form is C h - 
 cumfcriptive , or at leaft depending upon the whole Stone. 
 I ihall now defcribe thofe, whole Form is Accumulative ?, or 
 where there is a repetition ot the fame figure, or near it, m 
 feveral Parts. 
 
 The GRAPE-STONE. Botrites,Wormio. Here are two 
 or three forts. One folid, of a yellowifh colour, an inch 
 and 1 long, knobed with feveral fmall Clutters, like a young 
 bunch of Grapes. 
 
 The HOLLOW GRAPE-STONE, with high Knobs 
 or white Berries clufter’d all round about, as in the former, 
 and fomewhat thicker. . 
 
 A SEMI-GRAPE-STONE, with white Drops or Berries 
 only on one fide. They all make a vehement Effervefcence 
 with Acids 5 and are a fort of Stalagmites , next of kin to 
 the Confetti di Tibuli before defcnb d. 
 
 The STAR-STONE. After 1 a vera, Boetio. Generally 
 of a I or I an inch in Diametre, confiding of feveral Joynts, 
 evenly piled one upon another, of a Pentagonal Figure, 
 like a Star, and with the fgnature alfool another on both 
 fdes, which is compofed ot fhort tranfverfe Stria. When 
 broken, it fhines like the Lapis Judaic as, or the Entrocbites , 
 to which latter it is next of kin. Sometimes they are 
 found tingle. When confiding of more Joynts, it may 
 rather be call’d Synafteria. Several both of the joynted and 
 
 tingles ones are here preferved. c 
 
 A very hard Stone , a kind of Pebble with the fgnature ot 
 
 the Afleria upon it. 
 
 Mr. 
 
P a r t III. Of Regular Stones. 505 
 
 Mr. Lyfter hath given a particular Account of this 
 Stone , and its varieties in feveral Figures ; publifhcd by 
 Mr. Oldenburge , (a) together with fome Notes of Mr. Ray M Phil, 
 thereupon. Mr. Lyfter found the faireft of them near Bug- 7 t jf N ' 
 thorp and Leppington in Tor/^Jhire, in a blew Clay. 
 
 The STARRED-STONE. AJlroites. So called, for that 
 being tabulated, or polifh’d to a plain, it appears adorned 
 with little Stars, about $ or i th of an inch in Diametre. 
 
 Boetius conjectures Pliny to reckon this St one for a fort of 
 Agate. Whether that be fo or no, himfelf is greatly 
 miftaken (i>) in affirming as much : this being a very foft 0 >) Lib. 2. 
 Stone. The fame Author takes notice, as of a ftrange c * H5 ‘ 
 thing, That this Stone being put into Vinegar (c) will move COC. 147. 
 up and down in it. Whereas it proceeds (as Mr. Lyfter 
 alfo obferves of the Afleria , which he calls the AJlroites) ( f ] £ hil 
 only from the Ebullition following upon the immerfion: ™' 
 and happens to any other Stone diffoluble with Acids, if 
 immerfedin fmall pieces. 
 
 Another, two inches long, and near as broad. This is 
 unpolifh’d, and feems to be but part of a far bigger Stone. 
 
 So that although the figure which Boetius, and fome others 
 give, is but fmall, fc. not an inch long: yet is it fometimes 
 of good bulk. 
 
 The ASTROCHITES; polifh’d with the figure of a 
 Crofs. The Stars are here more round, than in the former. 
 
 The fpaces between the feveral Stars and Rays, of a dark 
 blackifh colour. The Rays or Stars themfelves are pale. And 
 alfo furrounded with a toothed Circle 5 fo as not unaptly 
 to reprefent the Wheel of a Watch : from whence I have 
 nam’d it. 
 
 The imperfect STARRY-STONE. AJlroites Boetio (e) « Lib. 2. 
 quart us. In this the Stars are more obfeure, and fcarce ra- c ' l64 ‘ 
 diated, but rather fpots. But the Stone for fubftance the 
 fame as the former. 
 
 The WAVED Stone. AJlroites Boetio (f) tertius 5 but (f) ibid, 
 improperly fo call’d. For although it be, for fubftance, 
 like the former 5 yet is not adorn’d with the likenefs of 
 Stars, but of Waves. The feveral Waves are compofed of 
 whitifh tranfvers Striae. 
 
 Another, with the Strict more confpicuous. 
 
 The SEIVE-STONE. Lapis Cribriformis. A kind of 
 
 R r Tophus. 
 
3 o 6 
 
 Of Regular Stones. Part III. 
 
 Tophus. Tis of a brown colour, porous light and friable, 
 as a Pumice. And perforated with many Pores more con- 
 fpicuous, about as big as to admit a large Pin, and regular, 
 fc. round, ftrait and fitlular. 
 
 I now proceed to feveral Spars ; of which, although 
 lomc belong to Metals, yet here, have no Metal adhering 
 to them. Thofe that have, will fall in amongft 0r<?5. And 
 firft of fuch as are pointed, both foft and hard, referving the 
 Flaked for their place. 
 
 Let it only firlt be noted, That the fpecifick difference 
 betwixt the Stalactites and the Spar, is, That the former, is 
 always Opacous, and never Angular : the latter, always or 
 ufually perfpicuous, and never round. 
 
 A Silver-Ore SPAR. About an inch and * high, and three 
 in compafs. It confifleth of feveral Cryflals fexangular and 
 pointed, and compofed into the figure of a great Bud. The 
 four uppermoft bigger than the reft. All femiperfpicu- 
 ous, of the colour of grey Chryftal , and feem to be as 
 hard. 
 
 ANOTHER large Piece confifting of hard and fexan¬ 
 gular Cryflals, and of the fame colour with the former. 
 Taken from the Coginnian Silver-Mines. Given by 
 Air. C’oleprefs. 
 
 Several other Pieces of the fame, and given by the fame 
 Hand. 
 
 A METALLICK SPAR, of a pale AMETHYSTINE 
 colour. ’Tis angular and pointed, as Cryftal $ but with hues 
 more unequal. ’Tis alfo foft and brittle. Yet harder than 
 fome others. And hath no fenfe of Acids. 
 
 A SHOD. Spuma Lupi. The forerunner of the Load 
 or Mother of the Tin-Ore. ’Tis both blacker, and harder 
 than the Mother-Spar. 
 
 Another of the fame, mixed of black, grey, and 
 yellow. 
 
 The MOTHER-SPAR of the Tin-Ore. 
 
 ANOTHER, ariling from a Whitiih Bed, mixed with 
 a kind of rufty red. The Cryflals are angular, pointed, and 
 foft, hke the fquare Lead-Spar. Semiper(picuous,yet moitly 
 cover’d with an angular and blackiih fhell. 
 
 A pretty hard Aih-colour’d and Opacuous Spar, growing 
 near the Tin-Mines. 
 
 A 
 
Part III. Of Regular Stoner ■; 
 
 A "YELLOW" TIN-SPAR from Ireland. Given by 
 Sir Rob. Moray. The feveral Cryjials are angular, pointed, 
 and foft; femiperfpicuous like' brown Sugar-Candy. Difio- 
 luble with Acids. 
 
 An Iron-SPAR. A Cluder of fmall, pointed Cryjials, 
 almod of the colour of brown Sugar-Candy, but fader, and 
 lefs perfpicuous. Tis hard enough to cut Glafs. 
 
 ANOTHER, Mixed. In the middle,it hath many Striae, 
 of a Lead-Ore colour, running crofs one againd another. 
 Thefe are encompafled with other parts of the colour of 
 yellow Okie. With which are alfo mixed fome white and 
 green fpots. The Stone tadeth like white Vitriol. 
 
 A large Copper-SPAR. Given by Mr. Langerman. ’Tis 
 a * of a yard long, and near as broad. Confiding moftly 
 of fexangular Points, upon a grey Bed, which is alfo mixed 
 with Granulated Spars. The other fide, all befprinkled with 
 yellow Mundick. 
 
 A MUNDICK-SPAR 5 confiding of tabulated or fiat 
 and fquare Cryjials , of the colour of Citrine Amber, and 
 growing to a whitifh Matrix. 
 
 Note, That almod all Spars of this kind, are compofed 
 of tabulated, and fquare Cryjials. 
 
 ANOTHER, confiding of black filming Cryjials, of the 
 colour of Jet , and as broad as a Dice 5 and fome of them 
 almod Cubical. Being broken, the fragments are of an 
 Amethyjiine colour. There are alfo , underneath , fome 
 whitilh Cryjials ; above, fome of yellow Mundick. 
 
 ANOTHER, partly plated, and partly pointed , of a 
 black fhining colour, like that of polidi’d Steel. ’Tis very 
 ponderous, and rnaketh no Efjervefcence with Acids. Yet 
 foft and brittle. Which three Properties, belong to mod, if 
 not all, MundickcSpars. 
 
 A SPAR with CONICK CRYSTALS. They are mod 
 of diem an inch and f long. All very clofe and continuous, 
 excepting at their Points,as in the d;;;ft/jy//.Scmipcrfpicuous, 
 and exactly of the colour of the bed brown Sugar-Candy. 
 Very foft 5 and eafily diffolved with Spirit of Nitre. It 
 was taken out of a Portland-Stone 5 and given by Sir Rob. 
 Moray. 
 
 A SPAR with CRYSTALS TRIANGULARLY pointed. 
 ’Tis a pretty round Lump. The Cryjials fo placed, that 
 
 R r 2 the 
 
508 
 
 Of Regular Stones, Part III. 
 
 the Angle of one, for the mod part, anfwers to the fide of 
 another. Of a pale and femifperfpicuous colour, coming 
 near to that of white Sugar-Candy. In which alfo (mail 
 parallel Streaks of a brighter colour, are obfervable. Very 
 (oft, as the former, and difioluble with Spirit of Nitre. 
 
 The STYRIATED STALACTITES. Of the fame kind 
 with the Styriafornm defcribed by Wormirn. It is a con¬ 
 geries of ftrak, round Styria, fomcwhat parallel, and as 
 thick as a Cherry-Stalk., or fmall Packthred. Each Styria 
 is compofed of fmall, pointed and lofc Grains, as big as 
 thofe of Salt, piled in a ftrait line one over another. It makes 
 an Ejfervefcence with Spirit of Nitre. • 
 
 The MOSSE-STALACTITES. Confiding alfo of Gra¬ 
 nulated Styria 3 yet not ftrait and parallel, but winding 
 too and fro, and the Grains with bigger points 5 fo as to re¬ 
 ferable petrify’d Mojfe. 
 
 I NEXT proceed to PLATED-STONES 3 and firft fucii 
 as are of a Rhomboid Figure. 
 
 A CRYSTAL of TALK. Wormirn defcribcs Talk , to 
 be a Stone divifible into flat Plates , vanoufly intricated, 
 and divifible like Silver , which is all he faith of the form, 
 and his words unintelligible. Far from a definition of that 
 form, which, fo often, as its Concretion proceeds freely on 
 all fides, or without hinderance from any adjacent Body, it 
 doth obtain: being then, a Congeries of flat, and perfpi- 
 cuous Plates , fomewhat pliable, and figur’d into a kind of 
 double Rhomboid 3 or as it were two Squares, with un¬ 
 equal Sides and Angles, clapt together, with the edges pro¬ 
 duced, to diftinguilh them: fo, as to obtain twelve Angles, 
 and ten Sides, fc. eight leifer, and two greater ones. Apiece 
 thus figur’d, I call A Cryftal of Talk. And of this the form 
 is both Accumulative and Circumfcriptive: the difference 
 betwixt which is fhewed in the beginning of this Chapter. 
 
 An HALF-CRYSTAL, having only fix fides, fourlefler, 
 and two greater ones 3 as if it were a perfect one, fplit. 
 
 A piece of FOLIATED TALK. It confifteth of fcve- 
 ral pieces, pellucid, cleveable, and fomething pliable, of a 
 Rhomboid Figure, and compofed together fo as to refera¬ 
 ble the indented leave of Wild Clary. 
 
 A large Piece of TALK, above * a foot fquare. 
 
 APiece of TALK taken out of the Ground in Wiltfbire. 
 
 A 
 
Part IH. Of Regular Stones. 309 
 
 A lamp of the TALK-ROCK near Spiral, in the upper 
 Carinthia. Given by Dr. Edward Brown. It confifteth of 
 broken pieces, -like thofe of the Selenites , immerfed in a 
 white glofly Stone, flamed with purplifh fpots, and fo hard 
 as to fcratch Glafs. 
 
 Talk. , although flexible, and regularly figur’d, yet feel- 
 eth no Acid ; and is of that obftinate nature, as neither to 
 melt, nor fcarce loofe its colour, in the fire. Confidering 
 which, and that all Salts, yet known, will flow: I am in¬ 
 duced to think, That it hath not its Figure from any Salt 3 
 but is almoft a Ample Earth fui generis. And that there are 
 earthy Particles,as well as Saline; which are regularly figur’d, 
 and of which this and fome other Stones are compofed. 
 
 Hereof is prepared a wa(h for the Face, which fome Chy - 
 myfts cry up for the beft in the World. 
 
 A GREEN TALK-SPAR. The whole piece, is here of 
 a rude Figure 3 but is eafily broken into Rhomboid Plates, 
 rcfembling thofe of Talk , from whence I have nam’d it. 
 
 ’Tis tinged with a pale Green. It ftirreth not with any 
 Acid. Yet is not flexible, as true Talk , but brittle as Glafs. 
 
 A great Cryftalline TALK-SPAR. So I call it. Sent by 
 Dr. Erafmus Bartholine , together with a large account of 
 it, publidled in a the Phil. Tranfactions. ( a ) And by the 
 Dr. (/;) himfelf in a diftinft Treatise. ’Tis a foot long, ^ a <b) Experi- 
 foot broad, and two inches and ■; thick. Of a Rhomboid 
 Figure, and the narrow fides likewife floaped, as in the ci Dif-Di- 
 Cryjials of Talk It breaketh alfo into parts of the fame 
 Figure, or near it. Yet not flexible, but brittle. Polite, 
 colourlefs, and tranfparent, as tlie cleareft Chryftal. Yet 
 foft and difloluble efpecially with Nitrous Spirits 3 and by 
 a ftrong fire reduceable to a Calx. Of a very different na¬ 
 ture from Cryjlal, although the faid Dr. is pleafed fo to call 
 it. When heated, it is of an EleChick Nature, or like Amber, 
 taketh up ftraws and other light Bodies. That which he 
 principally Notes is, That the Objects feen through it, in 
 certain pofitions, appear fometimes Angle, fometimes 
 double, and fometimes Axfold. Which he afcribes to a 
 Refraction peculiar to this Stone. And to me, it feerns pro¬ 
 bable , That tins various Refraction depends upon the 
 {fracture of the Stone, fc. as it is not one piece abfolutely 
 entire, but compofed of feveral Plates 3 and thofe not all 
 
 in 
 
Of Regular Stoner. 
 
 Part III. 
 
 3 io 
 
 in a like manner, but differently contiguous 5 fo, as in fomc 
 places, feveral Plates may make but one Refract ion ; in 
 others, two or more. It was dug out of a very high 
 Mountain in If and, one whole fide whereof confiffeth of 
 this Spar. 
 
 TWO PIECES of the fame Stone, about two inches and 
 v long, broad, and thick. Thus far of Rhomboid Stones. 
 
 The RHOMBICK LEAD-SPAR. Frequently found 
 in the Lead-Mines in Derbyjbire, and in others. By fomc 
 called Englijh Tall. But very improperly. For though 
 it confiffeth of feveral Plates , yet not flexible, but brittle as 
 Glafs. Befides, his not of a Rhomboid, but Rhombiek 
 Figure, that is, a Diamond-fquare, or with the Angles un¬ 
 equal, the fades equal. Nor doth Talk, feel any Acid, but 
 this with Spirit of Nitre is eafily diffolyed. It breaks into 
 pieces, which, though never fo fmall, yet retain the fame 
 Figure. Being burned, it yieldeth a Lixivial Salt. 
 
 A clear FLINT, of the colour of yellow Amber , with 
 Striae on the fides fhaped into little Rhombes. 
 
 A RHOMB of MUSCOVY-GLASS. This Stone is 
 by moft called Selenites. By fome Maria Glacies. By 
 i Aldrov. Agricola, and Kent man. Magnetic. By' Ambrofinm, ( a) con- 
 ' uf,Meta11, founded, under the fame Name, with Talk, Tis indeed 
 the neareft of kin to that of any Stone, being infenfible of 
 Acids 5 and confiding of very thin, perfpicuous, gloffy, 
 parallel, and flexible Plates. Seldom found figur’d. But 
 when it is, I fuppofe always, as it is here in this piece, fc. into 
 a Diamond-fquare, i. e. with unequal Angles, and equal 
 fides 5 whereas in a TalfCryftal, both are unequal. It was 
 taken out of Mount Hamm. 
 
 A very white Piece of Mufcovy-Glafs. 
 
 ANOTHER,of a pale Green colour, with a kind of filver 
 glofs, and femiperfpicuous. 
 
 Another, of the colour of tarmfh’d Copper mixed with 
 black. 
 
 A lump of Selenites. ’Tis immerfed in fmall pieces in 
 a whitifh Stone, a little Diaphanous, and fo hard as to cut 
 Glafs. 
 
 This Stone grows in Cyprus, Sicily, Saxony, and many 
 other places 5 efpecially in Mufcovy, whence the Englijh 
 Name. Ufed in Saxony, and other places in Germany, in 
 
 Windows, 
 
Part III. Of Regular Stoner. 
 
 Windows , inltead of Glafs. Ambrofinus (a) mentions a (a) Ubi 
 Lead-colour d fort fo big, as to make not only Tiles, but 
 Tables. , |, 
 
 The BONONIAN STONE, Prepared and given by - 
 Fr.Willughby Efq;. ’Tis fomewhat fiffile, and may be here 
 ranked. Now of a greyifh colour, and in fome places like 
 the RombicT Lead-Spar. No Acid will touch i t. Its qua¬ 
 lity of ihining in the Dark, after its being expofed a little 
 while to the Sun, is now loft. See the manner of its prepa¬ 
 ration in Wormius. Given in Powder, (b) or the infufion W Mu . f - 
 of it, after calcin’d, is a ftrong Emetic 4 Wormian 
 
 An odd SPAR, Green by day 5 by Candle-light of an 
 Amethyftine colour. Softer than to cut Glafs, yet harder 
 than the common Rhombick Lead-Spar. 
 
 A FLORENTINE SLATE. A fort of Saxum fiffile. 
 Hereon is naturally reprefented the PROSPECT of a City, 
 Houfes, Churches and Steeples, ftanding in length. To 
 make them all vifible, it mutt be wetted. 
 
 ANOTHER, with the PROSPECT of a TOWN, lying 
 round upon the fide of a Hill. 
 
 Another with the like PROSPECT; but (hewing it, as - 
 at a much greater diftance. 
 
 Another, with one half of the TOWN on a Rock, the 
 other in a Plain. There are fome of this kind in Sept alius?. 
 Mufaum. 
 
 A SALTRAM SLATE. Very like to Efford-fiate (ufed 
 for Writing,and Mathematick Schemes) but not all out fo 
 good. 
 
 An odd SLATE with yellow Mundick in fmall Grains 
 or Sparks immerced throughout the body of it, 
 
 RUMPLEY-STONE. A common blewifh Slate, for 
 colour and fubftance. But excelleth, in that it rifes large 
 enough for Building. It may be cleft as thin as you pleafe. 
 
 A kind of whitifh Slate, mixed with a rufty Iron-colour; 
 plentiful ih fome Mines. 
 
 Some others 5 one grey and fpotted with tawny. 
 Another, of a brown Purple. A Third, Red. Thefe abound 
 in the High-Ways about the Mines in Cornwall. With thefe 
 may be placed. 
 
 The WAXEN VEIN. Ludus Helmontij. AStonecom- 
 pofed of two diftindf Bodies. One, and the far greater, is 
 
 of 
 
Part III. 
 
 Of Regular Stoner. 
 
 of a dirty a(h-colour : in fubftance, not unlike the Lime- 
 ftojie. The other, fomewhat harder ; runs through it in 
 feveral Veins , or rather Plates,a s being ufually plain, as thick 
 as the back of a flender Knife, and exactly of the colour of 
 yellow Wax , for which caufelhave plac’d it amonglf the 
 Plated Stones, and taken leave for the Englifh Name. Both 
 of thefe two Bodies make an Effervefcence with Spirit of 
 Nitre, but the afh-colour’d, the greater. 
 
 The PIPED WAXEN-VEIN. So I call it, for that the 
 greater alh-colour’d Body inclofed within the yellow Plates, 
 is fluffed top full of fmall Cylinders and Tubes irregularly 
 placed: moft of which feem to be of the fame yellowifh 
 fubftance, as the Plates. This Species hath forne affinity with 
 the piped OJleocolla above defcrib’d. 
 
 The STARRED WAXEN-VEIN. Given by Sir Rob. 
 Moray. Found in the Ifte of Sheapy. On one part of the 
 Stone grows a fair Star, with many Rays, about an inch 
 long, white and glofly: from whence I name it. This 
 Star is of a quite different nature from the Stone on which 
 it grows, as making no Ejfervefcence with Acids, and in 
 figure agreeing rather with the Pyrites. 
 
 A Piece of WAXEN VEIN, with doubled Plates 5 in 
 fome places, as it were efflorefcent with feveral little pro¬ 
 tuberances confubftantial. 
 
 From the Defcription of this Stone above given, it ap¬ 
 pears, that Wormius was miftaken, in reckoning it amongft 
 Flint s. This is that, which Par ace If us fo much extols for 
 a Lithontriptick. And thus far I believe, that ’tis a very 
 good Diuretick. 5 and may therefore fometimes be very 
 well ufed for the carrying off of Gravel. But let all that 
 have any Stone too big to be voided, take heed of fuch 
 Medicines. 
 
 PLATED MARBLE. It feems to have been originally a 
 ftriated Bole. Now a Stone as^Jiard aaMarble, compofed 
 of Portions, of an inch thick, , A «s^BS@saBS^BB^-co\ouv 4 , 
 growing parallel, or as it were firatum fuper firatum 5 from 
 whence I have nam’d, and here plac’d it. 
 
 Several foft PLATED STONES, found in the fame 
 place, and of the fame colour and fubftance, with the lifb- 
 Mould formerly defcrib’d. One of them, Globular, a 
 little compreffed on the two oppofite fides: but compofed 
 
 of 
 
Part III. Of Regular Stoner. 313 
 
 of Plates or Crufts narrowed from the middle of the Stone 
 both ways, fo as to make that Figure. A fecond, Oval, 
 with three Hemifpherick knobs appendent 3 all plated, as 
 the Globular. A fourth and fifth figur’d almoif like a 
 Finger. 
 
 THUS FAR of Plated Stories. Next of thofe which 
 We may call Fibrous. In the former,the Parts are anfwerable 
 to the leaves in a piece of Paft-board. In thefe to the Briftles 
 in a Brujh, or the Threads in a Skeine of Silk, 
 
 THRUM-STONE,as I call it. Amianthus Lapis Is 1 Asbefti- 
 nus. It grows in fhort Threads or Thrums, from about a 
 I of an inch to an inch in length; parallel,and glolfy; as fine, 
 as thofe fmall fingle Threads the SilkWorm fpins3 and 
 very flexile, like Flax or Tow. Nothing anfwers it better, 
 than the hard fibrous part of a large Oyfier , when ’tis ftew’d. 
 
 Here are feveral pieces, both of White and Green. Of 
 which, the latter hath the longeft Threads, and the moft 
 flexile. 
 
 A piece of AMIANTHUS-ROCK 3 in which the Thrums 
 ( about i of an inch in length) lie in Layers between feveral 
 Beds of a Green Stone,in fome places of a rediih brown. 
 
 Another, with Veins or Layers between Beds of a blewiih 
 colour. 
 
 A BASTARD-AMIANTHUS. It grows in Veins in a 
 Claiy and Mundick Load, between Beds of a Greeniih 
 Earth. The Threads' d or near 1 an inch long, of a glofly 
 black, and brittle. Given by Mr. Coleprefi, who obferv’d • 
 it amongft the Cornifh Mines. 
 
 The beft is found in Cyprus and India. Of late, very 
 good in fome Mines in Italy. Of which fee the Philof. 
 
 Tranfactions. (a) It was anciently fpun, like Tow , into Sheets 3 O) Num.72. 
 in which the Bodies of Princes, laid on the Funeral Pile, 
 were wrapped up, to keep them entire, when they were 
 burnt, from the other allies. Thefe Sheets were made clean, 
 not by walking, but by burning them 3 as being infuper- 
 able by the fire: from whence <he Name of the Stone. 
 
 The Art, as well as the Ufe, is thought to begone. But 
 notfo5 for Sept alius (b) hath or lately had both Thread, (i>) Mufcum 
 Ropes, Paper, and Netted-Works all made hereof 5 and fome 
 of them with his own hand. Boetius defenbes (c) an ( c ) Lib.de 
 Oyntment made of this Stone, which he highly com- Lap. & Gem, 
 
 S f mends 
 
Part III. 
 
 314 Of Regular Stones. 
 
 mends againft the Sore on Childrens Heads, ufually called 
 Tinea Pueroritm- 5 and Ulcers in the Legs. It hath no fenfe 
 of Acids. 
 
 The FIBROUS BLOOD-STONE. Haematites. This 
 I take to be that particularly, by Pliny call'd Androdamas. 
 It hath affinity with the Amianthus , not only in being divi- 
 iible into Fibers 5 but in that thefe Fibers are alfo fomewhat 
 flexile, and of a greenifla colour. Yet here, they Hand not 
 juft parallel, but rather fo as to tend towards one point 5 
 like the Styria in fome forts of Antimony. This Stone is 
 alfo altogether mfenfible of Acids. Found in Germany , 
 Bohemiansilefia 3 among the Iron Mines 3 of an Iron colour, 
 a dull red, yellow, and fometimes black. Much celebra¬ 
 ted againft an Hamoptoe. TraUianus preferibes it ground 
 to an impalpable powder, from 9j to for a Dofe. 
 
 A Piece of SPAUD or TARRAS. Schiftus Capillar is 3 
 as I call it. It confifteth of white, gloffy, and parallel Fi¬ 
 bers. But different from the Amianthus , in that they are 
 very brittle 3 nor fo eafily divided. From the Schiftus de- 
 fa) 'in fine, fcribed by Wormius, (a) which is divifible into Plates. And 
 Amiamho, ^ lat Boetius defcribes, which is yellow. This is pure 
 &c. ’ white, alrnoft like polifh’d Silver, and in a thiner piece, 
 
 femiperfpicuous. Being rub’d between ones Fingers, it di¬ 
 vides into an infinite number of Hairs,twenty times fmaller 
 than the fmalleft Needle. It ftirs not with Acids: and 
 therefore feems neither to be any kind of Gypfum properly 
 . fo call'd. 
 
 Another Piece of the fame, from Warwickshire. Given 
 by Sir Johti Hoskins. 
 
 A Piece of HARD TARRAS, from Stinchcombe in 
 Gloucefterjhire. Given by the fame Hand. 'Tis more clofc 
 and firm than the former, rather like thofe in Sal Armoniac 3 
 the Fibers not altogether fo regularly pild; nor fo white, 
 more refembling the Mother of Green Vitriol. 
 
 The fame Analogy as is between Talk. Mufcovy-Glafs,md 
 Amianthus: is alfo between the Rhomboid Spar, the Saxum 
 Fijffile, and the Tanas. 
 
 CHAR 
 
Part III.. Of Stones Irregular. 
 
 3*5 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 Of STONES IRREGULAR. 
 
 A S GEMS are chiefly diftinguifhed by their Colours, 
 and all other Stones Regular , by their Figures: So 
 thefe, by the different degrees of Hardnefs. 
 
 EMERY. Smirk. Of a kind of blackifh Iron-colour. 
 
 The hardeft of unfigur’d Stones. And is therefore ufed 
 for the policing and cutting of all Gems, except the Dia¬ 
 mond. For the hollowing of flinty Mortars, together with f 
 Sand, (a) For the brightening of Armour, and all Metal- j^taRAld. 
 lick Equipage. And for Moulds or Forms for the calling 
 of Medals and other Coins. Yet Mr. Boyle (b) hath open’d 
 it with a Corrofive Menftruum fo far,as to make an infufion p ' 
 of Galls therewith to turn blackifh. 
 
 A FLINT of the colour of yellow Amber. It alludeth 
 to a Topa%. 
 
 A poliih’d FLINT, not unlike a Calcedony. 
 
 A rough FLINT naturally perforated with feveral large 
 Cavities running one into another. It feems to be an aflay 
 towards an Eagle-Stone , which is commonly a Flint. 
 
 Flints are oi all colours. Some fo clear, that fome Jew¬ 
 elers cut and fell them for BohemicJ Diamonds, (c) They ( jf Eoct ' dc 
 are alfo ufed for factitious Geras,with the mixture of Metals, 
 in fufion. For making of Glafs. For Mortars for the 
 powdering of the Fragments of Geras. And fomctimes added 
 to melted Metals, to keep them,as is fuppofed,by the Metal- 
 
 lifts, from (pending, id) in AUrov 01 * 
 
 A BALL of SERPENTINE MARBLE 5 called Ophites, Mu( . Meta ‘ L 
 from the winding of the Veins. Near four inches in Dia- 
 metre. Ot the nobleft fort; confifting of White, and Red 
 or Mtirrey Veins, in Black. 
 
 ANOTHER MARBLE-BALL, two inches and i in Dia- 
 metre,Veined,and fpoted with Red,Sand-colour,and White. 
 
 A THIRD, Veined and fpoted with Black,Sand-colour d, 
 and White. 
 
 A Ball of ONYCHINE MARBLE,about the fame big- 
 nefs 5 on one fide Sand-colour’d, on the other Grey. That 
 which is obfervable is this, That inftead of winding Veins, 
 
 Sf 2 it 
 
31 6 Of Stones Irregular . .Part III. 
 
 it hath feveral Circles one within another, as if drawn with 
 a pair of Compares on a Slate ; or as in the Onyx ; from 
 whence I have nam’d it. The bigeft Circle is about an inch 
 and i in Diametre. 
 
 Two pieces of ^EGYPTIAN MARBLE. Confiding of 
 a blackilh Ground, as it were inlaid with little Green pieces, 
 moil of them of an oblong fquare Figure. 
 
 A Piece of the word; fort of CORNISH MARBLE, ufcd 
 for Lime. A blewiih Stone, mixed with forne whitiih 
 fparry Veins; and fome of a rediih-flat, of the colour of 
 Terra Lemnia rubra. Marbles, bcfides the places mention’d, 
 are found in Italy , Germany , Cappadocia, Hetruria, Numidia, 
 and other parts. The ufes are as known, as great. 
 
 LAPIS LAZULI,/.e.Blew-Stone; Lazuli being the ArabicQ 
 word tor a blew colour. Whence alto the corrupt Italicf, 
 Azure. It confifteth of parts of a full Blew(ufually with fome 
 yellow fpecks) immerfed in a dull Bed, bordering upon the 
 colour of Fullers-Earth. On this here, grow fome pieces of 
 Spar , fo hard as eafily to write in Glafs. 
 
 Another Piece growing to an aih-colour’d and foftiih 
 Stone, dilfoluble with Spirit of Nitre. 
 
 This Stone is ufually found in Gold Mines in Africa 
 and Afia. Of two kinds; The fixed, which being put in 
 to the fire, keeps its colour; The Not fixed, alfo in Ger- 
 u &g dCmany ' ^ ^ crco ^ are fonietimes made Knife-Hafts and 
 F '' Spoons. But efpecially that moil: excellent BLEW, called 
 ULTRAMARINE. The manner of preparing it, is very 
 (i>) From largely and exactly defcribed by Boetius. (b) The powder 
 ^ crco * given to the quantity of 3d (or more or lefs) is 
 141. an innocent and ufetol Cathartic 4 (c) It will fometimes 
 lus. Brafra, °" w °rk by Vomit. Hath been fuccefsfully ufed in Quartans 
 id> Fiora- and Malignant Feavers. And yields a NarcoticQOil. (d) 
 
 The Fading BLEW-STONE. Lapis Armenius. This 
 piece confifteth of Blew and Green parts mixed together. 
 And the blew parts themfelves, at lead:, the colour made 
 ot them, will in time turn green. ’Tis fofter than Lazuli , 
 and not infenlible of Acids ; and of Oil of Vitriol more, than 
 of Spirit of Nitre. 
 
 Another Piece of L. Armenius ; confifting of Blew parts 
 immerfed in a hard and redifh fand-colour’d Bed, with a 
 Green piece growing to one fide. Given by Henry Olden- 
 
 burge 
 
Part III. Of Stones Irregular. 3 l 7 
 
 barge Efq5. It grows in Germany, Hungary, and Transylvania. 
 
 It makes alfo an excellent Blew, but, as is abovefaid, not 
 holding. The way of making it, fee in Boetius. ( a ) Given CO Lib. 2. 
 in Powder, unwafhed, to the quantity of 3j or giiij, it works c H4 ‘ 
 by Vomit: walhed, to the quantity of 9v or 3ij, works by 
 Stool; highly celebrated by fome, not only for its Inno¬ 
 cent, and moil eafie, but alfo moll effectual Operation, in 
 fuch Difeafes,as are fuppofed to depend on Melancholy. (/;) W See Trai- 
 
 The LOADSTONE. Magnes ; from Magnefia, a Coun- n 'erius’ and 
 try between Thejfaly and Macedonia , where, it’s faid, it was otbm - 
 firfl found. For the moll part of an Iron-colour, tending 
 to Blew, by fome called The Male ; if Black, The Female. 
 
 Here are feveral both great and fmall. One weighing 
 about fixty pounds. Given by Dr. Edward Cotton. Dug- 
 out of the Ground in De VO nfbire. Although it takes up no 
 great weight, yet moves a Needle nine feet diftant. Some 
 part hereof, which was broken off, being put in its proper 
 place, adds much ftrength to it. Here are likewife fome 
 other great Pieces from the fame place. 
 
 Part of a LOADSTONE ROCK in Anglefey. Of a 
 rufty Iron-colour, and in fome parts of a dirty flat-Blew. 
 
 Two Orbicular LOADSTONES 5 one of them with an 
 Axis. 
 
 TWENTY SEVEN LefTer LOADSTONES: whereof 
 eleven are Arm’d and Coated. They are ufually found 
 in Germany, Italy, Mifnia, Isc. in the Iron-Mines 5 and 
 fometimes yield Iron. See the Hillory hereof in Kircher, 
 and Vincent Leodaud, who have publifhcd what is faid both 
 by our own Country-man Gilbert, and by others. 
 
 The admirable and known Properties of this Stone, are, 
 in general, thefe, That it attracted! Iron ; or any Body, if 
 fmall, which hath Iron in it. That it hath no perception of 
 any other Body, though never fo light. That it maketh 
 the Attraction according to its Poles. And that it Commu- 
 nicateth to Iron both the fame attractive power 5 and a 
 Verticity to the North-Pole. In which laft, lieth its Great 
 ufe, as applied to Navigation. Although by Obfervations 
 made from the Variation of the Needle, Time may pro¬ 
 duce further Difcovenes in AJlronomy. Thofe that travail 
 through the vaft Deferts of Arabia, have alfo a Needle and 
 Ccmpafs, whereby they direct themfelves in their way, as CO Majdi 
 Mariners at Sea. (c) The c °Uoquia. 
 
318 
 
 00 Muf. 
 Septa!. 
 
 (h Of Ef- 
 fluv.p. 33. 
 
 Of Stones Irregular. Part III. 
 
 The power of the Magnet dependech not on its Bulk • 
 the fmaller, being ufually the ftronger. Tergazi ( a) menti¬ 
 ons one, that would fufpend fixty times, and Mr. Boyle , (b) 
 another, eighty times, its own weight. But the beft, in time 
 loofe very much of their ftrength; as thefe here kept 
 have done: None of them now taking up above 5 v i & 
 Of what they would have done formerly, I find no Re- 
 gifter. 
 
 Some means have been propofed for preferving the 
 ftrength of a Load {lone. But there is none mentioned by 
 any Author, that I know of, comparable to That, experi¬ 
 mented by Mr. Theodore Haac , Fellow of the Royal Society • 
 not only for Preferving,but alfo Recovering,and Encreafing 
 the ftrength of the Loadjlone. For he having One weighing 
 about pii) ff-arm’d, which would take up fixteen times its own 
 weight: and having laid it by for the fpace of fome years 
 unus’d, found it to have loft I th part of its ftrength, fo that 
 it would now take up but about ftiij. And, upon fearch, 
 meeting with no means effectual to recover it 5 confidered 
 with himfelf, That as in Morals, the exercife of Virtue, 
 makes it more generous 3 and that Animal Motions, by ufe, 
 become more vigorous: fo it might poflibly prove alfo as 
 to fome Properties of Inanimate Bodies. Whereupon, he 
 hung as much at his Stone, as it would bear 5 and fo left 
 it for the fpace of fome Weeks. Then, returning to 
 it, and applying more weight to the former, it very eafily 
 held the fame. And repeating the addition of more weight, 
 at feveral periods in the fpace of about two years 5 he at laft 
 found, That his Stone had not only recovered its former 
 ftrength, but encreas’d it; for whereas before he had never 
 known it to take up more than fixteen, it would now take 
 up twenty times its own weight. And he is now continuing 
 the Experiment, to fee how far it will go further. 
 
 A GRITTY-STONE, from the Forreft of Bean ; with 
 which they there make the infides of their Iron Furnaces 5 
 wherein their fire is fo vehement, that it either breaks or 
 melts down any other Material. The Grains of the Stone 
 muff therefore be infuperable 5 yet not fo united, but 
 that it is fomewhat foft and crumbly: of a dirty co¬ 
 lour, near that of FuUen-Earth. Given by Sir John 
 Hos/Jns. 
 
 ANO- 
 
3*9 
 
 Part III. Of Stones Irregular. 
 
 ANOTHER, from the fame Hand, more gritty, harder, 
 and of a brown colour. 
 
 A Stone like a pure white Pebble , to which another letfer 
 of the fame colour, by mediation of a clean Red, and alfo 
 ftony Cement, is affixed. Hard, yet difioluble with 
 Acids. 
 
 A little Red Oval Stone, on one fide obliquely furrow’d; 
 on the other, pounced, and Rained with a ftony Blot. Tins 
 alfo is hard, yet eafily dift'olved with Spirit of Nitre. 
 
 A piece of Soft ALABASTER. Alabafrites. Tis 
 white and crumbly, an infinite congeries of Cbryftalline 
 or Tuning Grains, no bigger than fine finds. It grows in 
 Warwickshire. And is like to that which comes from Hol¬ 
 land. Given by Sir John Hoskins. 
 
 Another piece, from S hep ft on near the Seafide. 
 
 Another piece of a YELLOW colour, almoft like to 
 that of exprefled Oil of Mace. It hath fome of a blewifh 
 Clay upon it 5 but might rather cafually fall into fuch a 
 Bed, than be bred therein. 
 
 A FOURTH, of VARIOUS colours, in fpots,/r. White, 
 
 Yellow, Red, Leaden, Brown, and Black, mixed toge¬ 
 ther. 
 
 A FIFTH (in a Frame) confifting of Afh-colour, Black, 
 and Tawny, mixed in Spots and Veins. 
 
 ’Tis found alfo in Caramania, India, and other places. It 
 hath been more ufed than now for the preferving of fome 
 more precious Oyntments. But why, rather than Glafs or 
 Glafed Veflels, I know not, unlefs for ffiew. A Scruple 
 hereof given in Milk. , is affirmed by Boetius ( a ) to be a fij)DeGcm. 
 certain Cure of a Dyfernery. Yet I would have no man to ^ 2 L 7 c.' hb ' 2 ' 
 trail to this, who may have other Remedies. 
 
 BASTARD-ALABASTER, fpoted. Gypfum variegatunz. 
 
 Here are Examples of feveral Colours.One Black,with white 
 fpots. Another,confifting of parts fome Black,and fome ot a 
 pale Green. A Third, of a dark Green, mixed with White 
 and Red Veins and Spots. A Fourth, confifting ot White, 
 
 Brown, and Yellow. A Fifth, of White, Red, and Yellow. 
 
 A Sixth (in a Frame) ot Alh-colour, Citrine, Red, Black, 
 and pellucid Spots. A Seventh, of White, Green, and a 
 dark Purple. All thefe Stones make a ftrong Effemefcence 
 with Nitrous Spirits.They are found in Mifnia,Burgundy, Etc. 
 
3 20 
 
 (a)See Agri- 
 cola. 
 
 Metallic. 
 
 Of Stones Irregular. Part III. 
 
 Of thefe lightly burnt, is made that which is properly called 
 Gypfum, And Statues of any defirable bignefs,yet very light. 
 
 A LIME-STONE (Saxum Calcarium ) having greenifh 
 Veins mixed with a lilver glofs. This being burnt, is that 
 commonly called Quick: Liaue. Pli?iy mentions a mix¬ 
 
 ture of Quid^Lime and Hogs-Greafe , ufually call'd 
 Maltha: whence our Englijh word Mortar. 'Tis alfo 
 ufed for the Trying of Ores, (a) Boetius deferibes an 
 Aqua Calcis , mixed with Sal Armoniac , as an admirable 
 Remedy for Bums, Fiftulas, Cancers , and Spots in the Eyes 5 
 ^p Dl i , Lap ‘ he adds, and Spots in Cotton-Cloaths. (b) 
 c.2 9 \. 2 ' FLAKED DROPSTONE. Stalactites Lam in atm. Found 
 
 in the top of the Hills near Wooten Vnderridge in Gloucefter- 
 0 ) Mufaum /hire. In Aldrovaudits (c) are feveral of thefe called Sued 
 Concreti. 
 
 ANOTHER, digged from under the Root of a Tree in 
 Cre-Forre/l. Given by Dr. Edward Brown. 
 
 A SPONGY DROPSTONE, of an aih-colour, as the 
 reft. 
 
 A piece or two of finall Dropftones fent from Fendennk- 
 Caftle: faid to to have had a ftrong feent 5 but now hath 
 none. 
 
 Yellow GREAT-GLIST. Ammochryfos, Boetio. So call’d, 
 for that it confifts of a great number of gloily fparks almoft 
 of the colour of Gold, immerfed in a gritty Bed. And by 
 Wormim and others therefore called Mica. 
 
 White GREAT-GLIST. Ammargyros, as I call it, the 
 fparks in this being of a bright filver-colour. 
 
 Kentman (d) ranketh both thefe with Mufcovy-Glafs. 
 And 'tis plain, That the faid fparks are flaky, and flexible, 
 as that Stone : and is therefore either the fame broken to 
 fmall pieces, in digging for it 3 or, at leaft, an aftay of Na¬ 
 ture towards it. But Purely no Metallick Body, as Wormim 
 fuppofeth it 5 unlefs he means, that 'tis fometimes found in 
 Metallick Mines. 
 
 A Red DAZE, or fmall GLIST, from Cornwall. It dif¬ 
 fers from the Mica, chiefly, in the fmallnefs of the 
 fparks. For they feem to me, to be altogether of the fame 
 nature. 
 
 A Brown DAZE (from the fame place) with an angu¬ 
 lar Vein of yellow Daze m it 3 and both mixed with very 
 
 fmall 
 
 (d) Foffil. 
 Nomend. 
 
321 
 
 Part III. Of Stones Irregular. 
 
 fmall {parks of a yellowifh Spar. Of kin to thefe, feems to 
 be. 
 
 A piece of Gold-colour’d Stone, from a Vein of the) 
 fame, found in digging a Trench in New England. 
 
 SOAP-STONE: Steatites. Given by Dr. Richard Lower 
 Taken from a Rock of the fame in Cornwall. Somewhat 
 different from that defcribed by Boetius. Confiding of 
 parts white, red, purple, and green mixed together, as in 
 Cajlile-Soap 3 and feeming, like hard Suet , greafie to the 
 touch: whence the reafon of both the Names. Yet is it not 
 at all diffoluble either in Oil or Water. Nor in any indiffe¬ 
 rent Fire 5 by which it only becomes fomewhat harder 
 and whiter. It feems to me to be much of the nature (for 
 fubftance) of the Lap. Amianthus 3 and that it is the Mother 
 of it. 
 
 A foftilh Dirt-colour’d STONE ( Sdxi Limofi Species) 
 from Staffordfhire. Of which thofe Pots arc there made, 
 wherein they melt their Glafs. 
 
 The Red CAULE (a Stone fo call’d about the Tin Mi ties 
 in Cornwall) beaten to powder, and made up into a Ball with 
 water. Of a faint red like that of a wither’d Pink. Ano¬ 
 ther of a purplifh Brown, with black finning fparks. 
 
 A bafe Slate , i. e. neither of one colour, nor good 
 Grain. 
 
 An afh-colour’d PUMIS STONE. There arealfo whitifh 
 ones 3 and fome Black, as in Sicily. Where, and at Vefuvius, 
 amongft other places, they are frequently found. The 
 fmootheft are, or heretofore were, ufed by the Germans to 
 rub the skin, in their Baths, (a) ( a ) Boet. de 
 
 A CINDER from Mount Aetna 5 of a blackilli colour, Gctr ' ,& * 
 homogeneous fubftance, and fomething metallick. Quite 
 through full of great Bubles. ’Tis ground to a long Oval 
 Figure. 
 
 ANOTHER, much more denfe, and ponderous like Iron 
 Ore. Given by Sig r . Boccone. 
 
 r A THIRD, in fome part vitrify cl. Of the Burning and 
 Eruptions of this Mountain we have a copious Hiftory given 
 us by J. Alph. Borelli. 
 
 A Vitrify’d CYNDER, taken out of the Ruines of this 
 City by the late general Fire,and kept as a Memorial of it. 
 
 T t Sect, 
 
322 
 
 Of SVfetah. 
 
 (a) Vr. 
 Brown’s 
 TV avails, 
 p. 99- 
 
 (b) P. 103. 
 
 (c) lb. p. 99 - 
 
 Part III. 
 
 Sect. II. 
 
 Of METALS. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 Of gOLD , SILVER, and COPPER 
 
 G OLD ORE of HERNGRUNT,holding Silver. Given 
 by Dr. Edward Brown. It confifteth of {parks of a 
 Liming Gold-colour, together with fome Black ones, al¬ 
 ternately immerfed in a white and pretty hard Stone. 
 
 GOLD ORE of Chremnitz^ Given by the fame Hand. 
 Here are feveral pieces. One white, and fenaiperfpicuous. 
 Another,blackifh,not much unlike fome Flints. The others, 
 mixed of both. All fo hard, as to write upon Glafs. Yet 
 Spirit of Nitre droped on them, in a little while, will fink 
 into them, almoft as Water into a Bolus. Which perhaps 
 may depend upon fome invifible Cracks in the Ore. 
 
 That with black fpots in white, is accounted the bed. (a) 
 In an 100 /.weight of Ore , is contained about fj of Gold, 
 holding one third part of Silver, (b) In this Mine, fome- 
 times are found pieces of pure (c) Virgin-Gold. This, by 
 fome, is called Aurum Obryzum: qu. Ophrifum, like that ot 
 Ophir. Of feveral particulars ot the Working here, and 
 ot feparating the Gold from the Ore, with the Engines, &c. 
 See the foremcntioned Doctors T<■ avails. 
 
 GOLDEN SAND, from the River Tagus. Tis very 
 fine, and ponderous; confiding of Grains of a redifh Iron 
 colour mixed with black. 
 
 A lump ot pure GOLD of the bignefs of a Peas, melted 
 out of the forementioned fand. 
 
 GRAIN GOLD,or Golden Sand from the River Danuby. 
 Given by John Bembde Efq; taken thence with his own 
 hand. Very fine as the former. Confiding modly of black 
 Grains, wherewith are mixed fome of a pure Gold colour; 
 in the proportion of about one to twenty. 
 
 SAND 
 
Fast III. Of cSAdetaif. 
 
 3 2 3 
 
 SAND out of a River near Conimbria , in which there 
 are fome few fparks of GOLD. Together with a Knob 
 of Gold fus'd out of it. Given by Sir Robert Southwell. 
 
 Gold hath the lead variety of regular figure, in the Ore, 
 of any Metal.Becaufe,more folid,and therefore, lefs wanton, 
 than the reft. ’Tis a rare Specimen, mention’d by Georgius 
 de Sepibus , (a) which he calls Aurirn Ramefcens. The 
 Ductility of Gold is admirable: one Grain, in Leaves, is 
 extended to above fifty inches fquare: and one ounce em¬ 
 ploy’d in gilding fmall Hair-Wyre, will be extended to al- 
 moft an i oo miles in length 3 as Mr. Boyle hath obfcrv’d.(L) 
 TheUfesof Gold for Veffels, Coins, Armour, Garments, 
 &c. are infinite. The Luxury of Galienus the Emperour, 
 taught him to powder his Hair with the Duft of Gold. 
 Some Painters , faith Ambrofinus , (r) hang plated Gold over 
 Vinegar , whereby is produced a pure Blew (as Cerufs out of 
 Lead) which they prefer before the Vltr amarine. Of the 
 Art of Refining, fee the Phil. TranfaPlions, (d) 
 
 Chymically manag’d,it is reduced to feveral forms,called 
 Aurum Potabile, Aurum fulminaus , A. Vitae 3 as alfo, Anri 
 Calx , Crocus, Sal, Sulphur, Tinclura, Oleum, Vitriolum, Flos : 
 of which fee Libavius , Crollius , Schroder , and others. One 
 principal ufe of Gold in Medicine is, for tfee Correction 
 of Mercurial Medicines. The original ufe of Leaf-Gold in 
 Electuaries , and divers other Preparations, was not only for 
 better grace, but from the opinion of its adding Virtue to 
 them. And Plates of Gold, anciently, have been us’d, efpe- 
 cially for Children, as an Amulet. Which I take to be the 
 truereafon, why the Kings of England hang a piece of Gold 
 upon thofe they Touch. 
 
 Pure SILVER, naturally BRAINCHED in the Mine. 
 From a Silver-Mine in Suecia. Some of the Branches are 
 blackilh being tarniihed; the reft of a clear filver colour. 
 Some pieces of a white Spar, diffoluble with Spirit of Nitre, 
 flick to them. 
 
 A piece of CAPILLARY SILVER, or with fmaller 
 Branches, alfo from the Mine: whith a kind of white 
 Rhombick Spar growing to it. Ferranti Imperato & AT 
 drovandus, (e) both give an Example of this kind. 
 
 PLATED-SILVER from the Mine. Argentum nativum 
 Bracieatum. It lies in thin Plates, of a clear filver colour, 
 
 T t 2 between 
 
 (a) MuC 
 Roman. 
 
 (b) Of Ef- 
 fluv. p.13. & 
 14. 
 
 (c) Aldrov. 
 MuC Met. 
 
 (d) N. 142. 
 Communi¬ 
 cated by 
 Dr. Chrift, 
 Merret. 
 
 (e) Muf. 
 Met. 
 
Of Metals, 
 
 Part III. 
 
 324 
 
 between the Flakes, or in the Grain of a hard white Stone 5 
 as the yellow Plates in the Ludus Helmontij, defcribed in 
 the former Section. The feveral Plates are curioufly 
 wrought with Striae, which obliquely deculfate each other, 
 and make their Imprcilion all along upon the Stone. This 
 Stone is mfenfible of Acids. In fome places, the Silver alfo 
 lies crude in a black Ore. 
 
 Pure Native SILVER, FLAKED, or as it were the Plated 
 broken into feveral thin pieces 3 lying alfo in the Grain of 
 a white Spar, but ditfoluble with Spirit of Nitre. 
 
 Thick PLATED SILVER from the Mine 5 with a mix¬ 
 ture alfo of Crude Silver Ore 5 both in a white Stone diflo- 
 luble with Spirit of Nitre. 
 
 WHITE SILVER ORE,or of a filver-colour,from Crem- 
 nitp in Hungary. There are alfo fome parts of Black Ore 
 mixed with it. And fome Cinnabar 3 partly of a Scarlet or 
 Vermilion colour,and partly of the Lapis Haematites. Given 
 by Dr. Edward Brown. 
 
 Another piece of WHITE SILVER ORE, growing 
 in a white Stone, having a blackifh call in fome places, with 
 the hardnefs of a Gem. 
 
 YELLOW SILVER ORE, or near the colour of Gold, 
 from Kottenberge in Bohemia. 'Tis granulated m a hard 
 white Stone. In fome parts, alfo blackifh. 
 
 ANOTHER Piece, rather of the colour of Topper, from 
 the fame place. It grows in a hard, black and white 
 Stone. 
 
 BLEW SILVER ORE, from the Silver-Mine of Bene 
 Ferris. Not Granulated, but Flaked. In fome pofitions 
 efpecially, of a curious blew, like that of Cichory-Flowers, 
 or fome blew Glafs, but much fairer. Some yellow Mutt- 
 dick_ alfo, with a piece of Green Spar, grow to it on one 
 lide. 
 
 PURPLE SILVER ORE, with Cinnabar. 
 
 GREEN SILVER ORE, The colour is fomewhat ob- 
 fcure, but lies not only in the furface, but inward parts of 
 the Ore. Here are growing to it fome of the Lapis Armenius, 
 and yellow Okie. 
 
 BLACK SILVER ORE, for the mo!l part Granulated 3 
 from the Silver-Mine at Schemnitg. Given by Dr. Edward 
 Brown. This fort is thebeft. An tool, of Schemnitz y Ore 
 
 yields 
 
P a r t III. Of SKdetals. 
 
 yields from an Ounce of Silver to twenty Ounces. Some 
 hath been found to yield half Silver. (a) Moft of it holds 
 fome Gold 5 the belt * th part in proportion to the Sil¬ 
 ver. (b ) 
 
 GROGUNNION ORE; alfo Black, and Granulated. It 
 
 holds fifty lib. (fterling) per Tun. 
 
 CUMBSIMLOCK ORE, Black, and moft of it Gra¬ 
 nulated, immerfed in a blackifh Stone, difperfed throughout 
 It holds twenty eight lib. fterling per Tun. This, and fome 
 other Welfh Ores, given by Sir Rob. Moray. 
 
 COGINNIAN ORE, holding fifteen lib. fieri, per Tun. 
 It runs in Vtins or Layers , rather Grained than Flaked, toge¬ 
 ther with yellow Mundick , between two forts of Beds; 
 one of whitifh Clay, the other of brown Stone. 
 
 A BLACK and FLAKED SILVER ORE, with fome 
 pieces of the Lapis Haematites growing to it. 
 
 ANOTHER Piece FLAKED, from the Forreft of Cre, 
 not far from St. Veit in Carbithia, With fome adhering 
 Cinnabar of a brown Purple. Given by Dr. Edward 
 Brown. 
 
 BLACK FLAKED S. Ore from Freyberge in Mifnia. Here 
 are two pieces: one firnple; the other, mixed with white 
 Ore and Cinnabar. 
 
 The SCORIUM of the FREYBERGICK S.Ore. Porous, 
 of a blackifh gloffy colour, and brittle: qu. Vitrum Ar¬ 
 gent i. 
 
 B. FLAKED S. Ore from Kottenberge. 
 
 B. FLAKED S. Ore from Cummuftwitb Rock, It runs in 
 Veins , through a blewiihGrey Stone, together with a white, 
 hard, and granulated Spar. Tis alfo immerfed in Gram, 
 in the Grey Stone. Both the Stones are fohard as to cut 
 Glafs. 
 
 CUMSUMLOCK ORE , holding twenty li. fieri, per 
 Tun. Tis much like to that of Cummuftwitb. 
 
 ANOTHER like Ore from CORNWALL. Given, with 
 feveral others, by Sam. Coleprefs Efq;. It grows together 
 with Mundick. and green and yellow Spar. 
 
 Black and fmall FLAKED S. Ore, from the fame place. 
 Tis immerfed in a Slate, with yellow Mundick, 
 
 A Piece of Bl. F L A K E D S. Ore growing to a very 
 hard Spar, white within, and redifh without, and in- 
 
 cruftated 
 
 925 
 
 (a) Dr. 
 Brown s Tra¬ 
 vails, p. 91. 
 
 (b) ibid. 
 P-S’ 3-1 
 
^ 26 Of SVLetdh. Part HI. 
 
 cruftatcd with fparry Grains, not much bigger than Poppy- 
 
 feeds. 
 
 Another Piece, with Red Cinnabar growing to it. 
 
 A large Piece of SILVER ORE, with MUNDICK j 
 running between Beds of White, Yellow, and Green Spar. 
 The White, fo hard as to cut Glafs: The other two, foft. 
 The Ore runs in a Vein obliquely, fo as to make an Angle. 
 By which, the Underlying or Dipping of a Load, may be 
 well conceiv’d. 
 
 The Preparations of Silver, are made in moil of thofe 
 Forms, as of Gold , and defcribed by the fame Authors be¬ 
 fore mention’d. Goldfmiths fometimes give a filver-wafh 
 to Copper, with that which is called Oleum Luna. Soder 
 (from the Italic^, Saldatura') of Gold is made of Silver ■,> 
 and half as much Brafs. Painters make a pure Blew here- 
 (a) AmbroC of with Sal Armoniac. (a) Of the Silver-Mines in Mexico , 
 Maf.Mmi and the way of feparating the Silver from the Ore, fee the 
 (fkumf. Phil. Tran fall ions, (b) And of the Art of Refining,A/aw.i42. 
 
 Pure CAPILLARY COPPER from the Mine at Hern- 
 grunt. Given by Dr. Ed. Brown. ’Tis very ponderous, the fe- 
 veral Styria or Capillary parts but Ihort, of a redifh Golden 
 colour, growing together almoft like thofe of the little 
 Stone-Mofs. 
 
 Another Piece of the fame Species. 
 
 Pure GRANULATED COPPER, from the Mine. Of 
 a redifh colour, mixed with a fad purple, and fome green. 
 Grows to a Stone, outwardly of a Liver-colour, within 
 Whitiih; not very hard. This fort of Native Copper, by 
 (c) Muf. Chiocco, is call’d JEm Flos verm, (c) 
 
 An Iron-Chain and Heart, at leaft, cover’d with a Cruft 
 of pure GRANULATED COPPER ; by lying in one of 
 the two Springs in the Copper-Mine call’d the Ziment in 
 Hungary. Given with the next by Dr. Edward Brown. 
 
 Pure Native COPPER, both CAPILLARY, and GRA¬ 
 NULATED, in one piece. The Capillary part, above two 
 inches broad 5 and furrounded, like a Wood, by the other. 
 MetaiUcum. Aldrov andus (d) hath a fort that is pointed, or at leaft angu¬ 
 lar 3 which Ambroftnus calls ALs nativumfigura pangonia. 
 
 BULLATED COPPER, Native, or from the Mine. 
 Given by Sir Rob. Moray. ’Tis pure and of the colour of the 
 beft concocted. Whether this piece was not fluxed by fome 
 
 fub- 
 
Part III. Of ^Kietals, 
 
 fubterraneal fire may be queftion’d. Of the reft, ’tis plain to 
 the contrary. 
 
 Pure MASSY COPPER from the Mine. Given by the 
 fame Hand. It grows to a white and femiperfpicuous Spar, 
 which cuts Glafs eafily, and deep. 
 
 YELLOW COPPER-ORE, from the Mine at Hern- 
 grunt. Given by Dr. E. Brown. Tis of a redifh yellow, 
 mixed with fome fparks of the colour of Gold, both with-OOP. 10S. 
 out and within. It yields ordinarily, P h part Copper: fome- 
 times 1 th5 or above half. See his Travails. ( a) 
 
 Another piece of YELLOW COPPER ORE. Given 
 by Mr. Oldenburg. ’Tis immerfed in fmall fparks in a brown 
 Stone; to which adhere fome very green Flakes of the na¬ 
 ture of the Turcois. 
 
 BLACK COPPER ORE, holding SILVER. There are 
 fome Grains of a dark Purple mixed with it. Given by 
 Dr. Brown. 
 
 Another Piece, with fome efflorefcence of white Vitriol 
 upon it; perceived efpecially by the Taft. 
 
 A Third piece, with natural Verdegriece. 
 
 BLACK COPPER ORE, immerfed in a Blackifh Stone, 
 which is flaked fomewhat like Lead-Ore 5 probably a courfer 
 fort of Cinnabar. Given by Sir Rob. Moray. 
 
 Of Copper , with the addition of Calamy, is made Brafs 
 with increafe, in the proportion of » d or more, according 
 to the Stone, and manner of operation. Of the making of 
 Brafs, fee Agricola. 
 
 Of Copper are prepared, the Calx, Crocus, Quintefcens , 
 
 Tinclure, Oil, Vitriol and Flowers. Some of them much, 
 and well ufed outwardly againft ill natur’d Vleers. And 
 alfo juftly to be reckon’d among the beft Remedies for 
 the Eyes. That the Labourers in the Copper-Mines, have 
 them always good, is an obfervation of Macrobius. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
328 
 
 Of Tin, Lead, and Iron. Part IIP 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Of TIN, LEAD, and IRON. 
 
 A Piece of pure TIN, refined in the Furnace. 
 
 Pure TIN, Native, or from the Mine. It lies as it 
 were in bright drops in a brown Stone. 
 
 CRUDE TIN powder’d, confiding of Ihining black and 
 Iron-colour’d Grains. 
 
 TIN-ORE, holding Silver. 
 
 FAT TIN LOAD, of a great Grain, in ablewilh Claw 
 ’Tis a duller of Cryftals like black Glafs. 
 
 Another piece alfo very FAT, butfmaller Grain’d; con¬ 
 fiding rather of fparks. 
 
 A SHOAD, a FAT TIN-Stone fo call’d ; an Iron 
 colour, with fome glofs where it is broken. Very pon¬ 
 derous. 
 
 A fort of TIN ORE, with its Grewt. That is, a Con¬ 
 geries of Cryftals or Sparks of Spar of the bignefsof Bay- 
 Salt , and of a brown Ihining colour, immerfed therein. 
 They are fo hard, as to cut Glafs. 
 
 TIN ORE, confiding of extream fmall black Sparks or 
 Grains, immerfed in a green and yellow Grit. 
 
 TIN ORE, of an Okye colour, with a mixture of black 
 Ihining Sparks. 
 
 A Specimen of GRAIN-TIN ORE of feveral colours; 
 fc. blackilh, brownifh,purplilh, redilh, and yellow. So good, 
 that they need little or no preparation, by damping or 
 dreding for blowing: neither is there any confiderable 
 wad in the melting. 
 
 A SLAG, remaining in the bottom of the Tin-Floate. 
 Sent by Mr. Coleprefs. Of a bright colour next to Silver. 
 Yet contains (faith he, modly) Iron; which he acciden¬ 
 tally perceiv’d, by applying the Magnet to it, both quickly 
 uniting. But note, that now, at lead, they will not, unlefs 
 you take fmall Sparks only, and thefe will leap up to it. He 
 alfo faith, That one Dr. Stall a. German Chymift, affirmed, 
 the Dutchmen make good fpelter of it. 
 
 SCUM taken from melted TIN. Of a blackilh brown, 
 
 with 
 
Part III. Of Tin, Lead, and Iron. 329 
 
 with fomc fparks of .Metal. It fcems near as heavy as the 
 pure Tin it felf. 
 
 CHIMNEY-TIN, forced up from the Herd. Tis black 
 fhming and heavy 3 almoft like very fine black fand. 
 
 A Metalline Slat from the Tin-Mines. 
 
 See a large Account of the Tin-Mines of Cornwall and 
 Devonfhire, in the Phil Tranfaciiotls ; ( a ) communicated 00 Num.^ 
 by a Perfon much converfant among them. As alfo ano¬ 
 ther accurate one particularly of thofe in Cornwall 5 com¬ 
 municated by Dr. Chriftepher Menet, and by Ale publifhed 
 in the faid TranfaLUons. (b) (i)Num. 
 
 Tin is mixed with Copper, in the making of Metal for 
 Bells, Organ-Pipes, istc. the proportion qf Tin to Copper , as 
 two to (even, or thereabout. If under, it will be too foft • 
 if ovei, too brittle. The Metal ufed for Concaves and Spe- 
 culums, is likewife a Mixture of Tin and Copper. Of Tin , 
 with Lead, and the Marchafite of Antimony of each P h part, 
 is made one fort of Printing Letters. Of this Metal is 
 made that fort of Cerufs, called Spanish White 3 one of the 
 beftufed either by Painters, or by Women. Stannum uftum, 
 
 T £ n ^ P re ^ ervatl ve of the polifh of Metallic 4 Concaves, and 
 die like. River ins If) highly commends his Begoardicnm 0 ) obferv. 
 Jovis againfl Malignant Leavers. A Mixture againfl the obf 't 
 Sitings of Mad Dogs, confiding chiefly of Mithridate and ' 5 ' 
 the Pilings of Tin, is much ufed and relied upon by fome 
 Huntfmen. 
 
 CRYSTALLINE LEAD, from the Mine. So I call it, 
 not that it is clear, but confifleth for the mod part of Hexa¬ 
 gonal Points. Of the bignefs of a midling Apple. 
 
 , ORE, rich in SILVER. Given by Sir R. Moray, 
 
 I is or the ufual colour, but mixed with white Spar, fo hard 
 as to cut Glafs. And I fuppofe, that mod Lead Ores with 
 luch a Spar, have Silver in them. 
 
 LEAD ORE holding SILVER , and growing together 
 With Iron Ore. 
 
 LEAD ORE, probably alfo holding Silver. It lies in a 
 whitifh Spar, which is not fo flaky as is ufual, and will cut 
 Glafs. 
 
 LEAD ORE holding SILVER, with a large CryftaUine 
 pm confiding chiefly of Hexagonal Points , and of the 
 
 U u colour 
 
33 ° 
 
 Of Tin, Lead, and Iron. Part III. 
 
 colour of a Calcedony. Fen ant. Lmperato hath one which 
 he entitles Ingemmamento di Piombo ; and feems to be like 
 this. 
 
 SPARKS of LEAD ORE in the Caulk. One of the 
 Sparks is branched almoft like a frnall Leafe. The Stone or 
 Caulks is a Congeries of white Cryflals of Spar laid crofs 
 every way. They will cut Glafs. 
 
 A large piece of LEAD ORE, flaky, and lying in fpots 
 in a white perfpicuous, flaked, and foft Spar. 
 
 Some other pieces of Lead Ore , Englijh. 
 
 LEAD ORE, from Freiungen , called WEISSER FLIES. 
 It conf ifteth of a foft and friable Spar, of a pale colour, near 
 that of the Diaphanous natural Sulphur together with a 
 rediih fubftance infermixt. 
 
 LEAD ORE, from the fame place, called Schlicb. Tis 
 a fine grey Sand, like that ufed tor Writings: with forne 
 few black Grains; which is, I fuppofe, the true Ore. 
 
 A large piece of LITHARGE ( of Silver.) 
 
 See a large and accurate Account ot the Mendip Lead 
 f f )Num.2S. y[i nes H the Phil. Tranfactions-, [a] communicated by 
 & ' 9 ' Dr. Jof. Glanvile. 
 
 Lead (befides the ufes commonly known) is alfo em¬ 
 ployed for the Refining of Gold and Silver by the Cupel. 
 Hereof is made common Cerufs with Vinegar. The way 
 (b) Lib. de briefly, yet perfpicuoully fet down by Theophrafius. ( b ) Of 
 Lap ' Cerujs , Red Lead. Of Plumbum uftum, the beft yellow Ochre. 
 
 Of Lead and i as much Lin, Solder for Lead. Hereof are 
 alfo made the like Chymical Preparations, as of other Me¬ 
 tals, as the Oil, Tintiure, Salt , Ere. Some of which, many 
 bold Chymifts , without Difcretion, give inwardly, and alfo 
 extol them. But thofe that are careful of their Health, will 
 beware of them. I do not deny, but that tis poflible this 
 Metal, as well as Mercury, may be fo order’d and given, 
 as to be innoxious. 
 
 BRUSH-IRON, Native or from the Mine. It confiifeth 
 of ftrait, round, long Styria, about the thicknefs of a frnall 
 Kniting-Pin , bolt upright, like the Briftles ofafliff Brujh, 
 or the Teeth of a Wooll-Comb. They grow on a double-Bed, 
 the uppermoft of an Iron-colour, the undermoftof a dark 
 yellowiih red. 
 
 BRUSH ORE ; From Doward in Herefordjhire. Given 
 
 by 
 
Part III. Of Tin } Lead\ and Iron. 
 
 33 1 
 
 by Sir John Hoskths. A rich fort. It confifteth alfo of ftrait 
 and almoft parallel Syria ,moft of them as thick as a ftrong 
 Kniting-Bin 5 incruftated with very fmall Grains of Spar, 
 of the colour and bignefs of the Corns of Bay-Salt, but 
 very foft. 
 
 MIXED BRUSH ORE 3 from Clower-Wall in the For - 
 reft of Dean. By the fame Hand. It confifteth of feveral 
 Piles of round and parallel Styria, and Layers of unfigur’d 
 Ore, a Bile of the one, and a Layer of the other, crofs- 
 ways 5 feven or eight in this piece, within the extent of be¬ 
 twixt four and five inches. 
 
 A piece of IRON ORE, from Howard, of kin to the for¬ 
 mer. By the fame Hand. ’Tis rich, yet hath only feme few 
 
 Styricf. 
 
 ANOTHER piece, from the fame place, and by the 
 fame Hand. In this the Styria, or figur’d pieces, are flat, and (a) ^ 
 irregularly clufter’d. Aldrovandus (a) gives the figure of an tail. 
 
 Iron Spar (Ore) ramify d. 
 
 A piece of RICH IRON ORE, from a Hill of the fame 
 in Wiltjhire, upon which is feituate a Village called Seen or 
 Send, about nine miles from the Bath. Given by J. Aubrey 
 Efq;. Who faith, It is fo good, that the Smith there can 
 make that which he takes up in the ftreet, to melt in his 
 Forge ; which that in the Forreft of Dean will not do. 
 
 The fame Perfon obferving there was great abundance 
 of it, conjectur’d, it might Impregnate fome Neigh¬ 
 bouring Spring. And upon trial, found one , amongft 
 others, in the middle of the ftreet very ftrong, beyond that 
 of Tunbridge. For upon the affufion of a / hiclaxe of Galls , 
 it immediately became as black as Ink, The Ylllage is well 
 built, and {binding fo near the Bath, may be very conveni¬ 
 ent for thofe who drink Chalybiate Waters , either before or 
 after they go thither. Mention alfo is made of this place 
 by Dr. Chrijlogher Merret. (b) inVisfi, 
 
 MIXED IRON ORE, from Howard in Herefordjhire. 
 
 Given by Sir John Hoskins. It confifteth of four or five 
 fubftances. The belt part, both brown and red, or brick- 
 colour d. Wherewith is mixed a white and foft fpar. With 
 a blackifh, Ihining, and crumbly Body, knobed on the top, 
 after the manner of the Turcots. 
 
 Ordinary IRON ORE, from Clower-Wall. By the fame: 
 
 Uu 2 Hand. 
 
3 3 2 Of Tin, Lead\ and Iron. Part III. 
 
 Hand. Almoft of a Brick-colour, or that of the Cc/cotbo¬ 
 ot Vitriol. 
 
 IRON BALLS, about the bignefs of Mufquet Bullets. 
 Made by the row ling of Iron-Sand off the Banks among 
 the Iron-Mines near Sennecf, efpecially after rain. 
 
 TWO BONES, (part of a Mans Foot) turn’d into 
 Iron-Stone. 
 
 A Piece of Drop-Stone turn'd to Iron. 
 
 An IRON ORE rifing near the Silver-Mines (in Wales.) 
 Inforne parts of a brown Cinnabar- colour, and mixed with 
 Slate. The Loadjlone takes up little Corns of it no bigger 
 than Sand. 
 
 An odd IRON ORE, fcarce fixable. In a white Spar, 
 almoft like a Ca'lcedony , hard enough to cut Glafs. 
 
 A fort of BLACK CAULE, holding IRON. Yet fo 
 little,that the Loadjlone will not take up any part of it,bigger 
 than Bins head. It hath a black, faming, and very crofs 
 Grain 5 with white Spar mterfpers’d, which cuts Glafs. 
 
 Another IRON-SPAR, confiding of little white and um- 
 ber-colour’d Columns, laid together crofs-ways. 
 
 An IRON BODY, that rubs away in gloffy Dull 5 
 with part of its Wall, (a brown Spar) in which it lay 
 inclos’d. 
 
 A Piece of the OLD CYNDER, which now they ufe 
 as a Flux for the Iron Ore ; fomewhat bubly. From the Iron- 
 Mines in Monmouth. 
 
 Another, from the Forrefl of Dean, by Sir John Hosfins. 
 Tis run into Styriae , fomewhat like thofe of Ice, brittle,pon¬ 
 derous, opacous, glolfy, and of the colour of the courfeft 
 fort of Crocus Metallorum. 
 
 A Vitrify’d Cynder , of no ufe 3 like a piece of courfe green 
 Glafs. 
 
 An IRON STONE,widi a Spar, on one fide, confifting 
 of pellucid fquares ; on the other, of white flakes fet crofs- 
 ways, almoft at right Angles one againft another. 
 
 A Piece of RUSMA or crude Zernicf , almoft of the 
 colour of Crocus Metallorum, or fome forts of the Haema¬ 
 tites. Given by Mr .Lannoy, a Conful at Smyrna. 
 
 See a very good Account of the Iron-Mines, and Iron- 
 Works m the Forrefl of Dean. Communicated by Henry 
 Bowie Efcg and by Me publifhed in the Fhilofoph. Tranf- 
 
 aliions. 
 
Part III. Of Tin } Lead, and Iron. 3^2 
 
 alt ions. ( a ) Some of the ways of giving a due Temper to (j) Kum 
 Iron, according to the ufe made of it, are fet down by 137. 
 Ambrofinus. ( b) For one Temper is requir’d for drawing it 
 into Wyre ; another, for a File ; another, fora Chifef ano¬ 
 ther, for a S' word 3 another, for the Edge of a Sword in par¬ 
 ticular; and the like. For the hardening of Iron for 
 Hies ; one of the Kings Farriers*, upon my enquiry, com- 
 mendeth this following way. 
 
 Take Horfe Hoofs or Rams Horns, and hang them over 
 the fire till they drop like Glew. Take alfo pieces of Leather, 
 and burn them black. Powder them both, and put to 
 them ftale Urine, and Bay-Salt. Let them ftand together • 
 the longer the better: at three or feven years end it will be 
 excellent. Cafe the Iron with this Mixture, and give it a 
 ftrong heat, Efficient to fufe the Mixture, for three hours 5 
 and then cool it. The furface of this Iron will be as hard 
 as the hardeft Steel, and will make excellent Files: but the 
 hardening reaches not to the heart of the Iron. 
 
 Of Rufina (a brown and light Iron fubftance) with I as 
 much Quick. Lime fteeped together in Water, the Turlyjh 
 Women make their Pfilothron, to take off their Hair where- 
 foyer they pleafe. There are many Medicinal Preparations 
 of Iron or Steel: But none, that I know of, equal to the 
 Tinclure made without Acids ; efpecially in Obftrudtions, 
 and to ftrengthen the Tone of the parts,as in Lientericf, and 
 other like Cafes. Againft all outward and inward Haemor¬ 
 rhages, Quercetan highly extols his Oleum Mart is. A Tintlure 
 of Steel made with White Wine, faith Ambrofinus, ( c ) is a W AndrOT > 
 ftrong Catharticf. What he means, I know not. Perhaps Muf ‘ Met " 
 he might find fomefuch effedt upon himfelf, from that, as 
 one I know in this City, doth from Mithridate, which com- 
 monly gives him a Stool extraordinary. And another,upon 
 whom Marmalad hath the like effect. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
334 
 
 Of Antimony , Mercury ,&c. Part III. 
 
 (a) Muf. 
 Met. 
 
 (b) Num. 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 Of ANTIMONY, MEKCVRY, and other 
 METALLICK BODIES. 
 
 S TYRIATED ANTIMONY, from the Gold Mines of 
 Chremnitz. Given by Dr. E. Brown. The Styriae , in 
 this, arc very fair, many of them as thick as in that which 
 is factitious. 
 
 STYRIATED ANTIMONY, alfo Native, from Corn¬ 
 wall called ROSCARROCKS. A Congeries of llrait, 
 long, {lender, and edged Styridt, of a bright Steel-colour, 
 almoll like a duller ot frnall broken Needles. Aldrovandus 
 (a) hath a fort ol native Antimony , which Ambrofinus calls 
 Plumofum. 
 
 GRAINED AN'IT M ON Y, or rather Antimonial Ore , 
 from Hungary. Given by Mr. Oldenburge. It looks like 
 black grained Silver Ore. Immerfed in a Stone, although 
 of a feurvy opacous and fandy colour, yet fo hard as to cut 
 Glafs. 
 
 ANTIMONIAL ORE from Transylvania. Given by 
 Dr. E. Brown. It grows in a foft Bed, almoll like Lead 
 
 Ore. 
 
 ANTIMONIAL ORE, holding Iron, from Cornwall. 
 Almoll of the colour of Amber : yet with a Grain fomewhat 
 glolfy and very crofs. 
 
 A Metallick (probably an ANTIMONIAL) Comijh 
 Stone, black, hard, and ponderous, It confilleth of a great 
 many Clutters ot Ihort glolly Sty rice, radiated almoll as in 
 the Belemnites. But becaufe irregularly broken and heaped 
 together, but difficulty obferv’d. 
 
 Antimony is of excellent ufe for the Refining of Gold: 
 fee an accurate Procefs, communicated by Dr. Jonathan 
 Godard, and by Me publifhed in the Philofgh. TranJaLiions. 
 (b) An T h part in proportion to the Cogger, is by fome add¬ 
 ed with the Tin , for the bell Met allied Sgeculums. 
 Founders add a little to their Bell-Metal, to make it more 
 fonorous. And fo Pewterers, to their Pewter, to make it 
 found more clear like Silver. Tis alfo ufed in the calling 
 of Iron Bullets , to make the Metal run the better. The 
 
 Sganijh 
 
Part Ilf. Of Antimony 3 Mercury , &c. 
 
 335 
 
 Spanijh Women rub their Eye-brows with it, to give them 
 
 (a) Ambro- 
 
 r n i fin us, and 
 tint taken others. 
 
 Hift.Ind. I.4, 
 
 an acceptable Black, (a) 
 
 The Cathartic^ Property of Antimony , was 
 notice of by Paracelfus. And fcveral Preparations hereof 
 both Cathartic^, and Diaphoretic {, are now much cele¬ 
 brated. Of the Virtue of it alfo taken Crude, fee the Phil, 
 
 TranfaPi. ( b ) Tile Red Oil , called Stihij Sanguis, admirable (b) Nm 
 m Malignant'Ulcers, (r) CO VVecker. 
 
 MERCURIAL ORE. Given by Mr. Oldenburge. ’Tis 
 all of one colour, much like that of the Hepatic T Cinna- Cr. Popes 
 bar , but fomewhat fadder. In the Wefi-Indies , all their cf tk 
 filver is refined, or elfe melted down with Quick-fdver. (e) WRirch- 
 A Pad made hereof with Gold, is fometimes ufed for gild¬ 
 ing of Brafs Veilels 5 which being daub’d with the fame, 
 and held to the fire, the Gold adheres, and the Mercury ex¬ 
 hales. With this the Tin-Foile is made to flick clofe to the 
 backfidesof Looking-Glaffes. Of Sublimate, Cerufs, Juyce 
 of Limojis , and Rofe-irater, mixed like an Oyntment 5 is 
 made That Faint , which is both the belt and theworft in 
 the World. 
 
 Ei Medicine, the great ufe of Mercury is in the Lues Vene¬ 
 rea 5 fometimes in the Cholick. and Iliac Paffion $ and for 
 Wor?nes , efpecially thofe fmall ones , called Afcarides 5 
 againft which, if duly prepar’d, there is no Medicine fo 
 effectual, or more fafe. Being prepar’d, and mixed with 
 convenient Catharticks, ’tis alfo very properly us’d in divers 
 Chronick Difeafes. 
 
 A rich piece of Native CINNABAR, from Carinihia. 
 
 It weighs above §ij and 3'i, and is entirely of a Scarlet 
 colour. 
 
 Another Piece of CINNABAR, of a Scarlet-colour,from 
 Tyrol. 
 
 A Piece of Native CINNABAR, of a purple colour, 
 almoft like that of fine Lake. Given by Mr. Olden¬ 
 burge. 
 
 A piece of BLACK CINNABAR. Given by Dr. Walter 
 Pope. Hard and ponderous, about as big as a Lambs Heart. 
 
 Where it breaks, of a (Lining black. 
 
 Another piece, of a fhining Black, mixed with a fad Pur¬ 
 ple. By the fame Hand. 
 
 The belt Citmabar in the Schemnitz Mines, ground with 
 
 Oil, 
 
556 Of Antimony , Mercury j&c. Part Ilf. 
 
 60 T>r. 
 Brown’s 
 Trav p. 91, 
 
 Oil, makes a Vermillion , equal to, if not furpaffing, that made 
 by fublimation. (a) 
 
 YELLOW MUNDICK. Marchafita. Pyrites Aureus ■ 
 not for that it hath any Gold in it, but is both within, and 
 without, of a (Lining Metallick yellow. As heavy, as moft 
 Ores. Here are of various Figures; as 
 The ORBICULAR MARCHASITE; tuberated, about 
 the bignefs of Hand-Ball. 
 
 Another, leffer, and a little comprelTed. 
 
 The GRAP-MARCHASITE. March. Botryidea. Itcon- 
 lifteth of fmall Globules growing together in the form of a 
 young Bunch of Grapes. There is one like this in Ferr.Im- 
 
 perato. 
 
 The APPLE MARCHASITE, as it may be call’d. ’Tis 
 round, excepting on one fide, where it falls in, and hath a 
 ffalk, like a young Apple. 
 
 The FLORID MARCHASITE. So I name it. For it looks 
 like a Clufter of Buds ready to flower. 
 
 The YELLOW BUD. Marchafita Phylloidea. For it 
 looks like a fingle Bud compofed of feveral fmall leaves. 
 
 Part of a CYLINDRICK MARCHASITE,radiated from 
 a VitriolickTA/jor Centre. 
 
 The TABULATED MARCHASITE. Broad and plain, 
 or Hat like a 7 ablet. Confiding of flaked and fmall Cubicle 
 knobs, growing on a rough Stone. 
 
 Another, only Flaked, growing to a-blackifh Stone. 
 
 A Third flaked, but of an irregular form. 
 
 The GRANULATED MARCHASITE. It grows on 
 a brown Stone, in a Cruft of about A' h of an inch thick,with 
 the furface all over grained. This kind is found near Hin- 
 don in Middlefex. 
 
 Not only the greater Flakes of which the other Varie¬ 
 ties confift,but even the fmalleft and almoft invifible Grains, 
 are all cither Squares, or at leaf! pointed with Right Angles. 
 Whereas the Pyrites , limply fo call’d, is always Radiated. 
 Which, and not the colour, according to others, I take to 
 be the principal difference between them. 
 
 The CUBICIv Mardtafite , about of an inch fquare. 
 The Marchafite feems to attain the perfection of its Figure, 
 m a Cube ; that is, a Square upon a Square. But fometimes 
 it conlifteth of parts neither Cubic nor Square ; as in 
 
 The 
 
P?a r t III. Of Antimony , Mercury , 
 
 The PENTAGONATE Marcbafite. About the bignelT 
 
 of a little Gall 5 fomewhat round, defined with feveral fides, 
 each with five Angles. 
 
 A Tuberated Marchafite with a Green Spar. 
 
 A MARCHASITE growing to its o wn Spar, together 
 with a white one pointed and femiperfpicuous. 
 
 A Mixed MARCHASITE. It confiffeth of yellow pieces 
 partly cubick, and partly flaked: with Lead-Ore holding 
 Silver growing to it on one fide 3 on the other, feveral fets 
 of afh-colour’d Flakes growing together in the form of little 
 Rofes. 
 
 As all Metals, fo Marcbafites have their SPARS, called 
 Fluores. Both becaufe they melt in the fire; and make the 
 Ores to which they belong, to melt the better. The rea- 
 fon whereof is, For that in all Spars, there is a certain Salt 
 which lies more loofe and open, and which in mixing with 
 the Ore, frets and tears it all to pieces. 
 
 APiece of WHITE MUNDICK. 
 
 WHITE MUNDICK ORE, immerfed in Grains in an 
 afh-colour d Stone. 
 
 GREEN MUNDICK, or MundickJOre , running in Veins 
 in white Clay. 
 
 A large fphterical and knobed FIRE-STONE, or Pyrites, 
 about two inches in Diametre. 
 
 Another, of the fame Figure, as big as a Walnut, and. of 
 an Iron-colour. 
 
 A Piece of a large one of the fame Figure, and with a 
 black furface. The whole Body is radiated from a Vitrio- 
 lick Centre or Pith about * of an inch in Diametre. Which 
 radiation is alfo feen in mod Fire-Jlones. 
 
 Another whole of the fame form, a little Iefler. 
 
 A Round PYRITES, comprefled. Another lefTer. 
 
 A PYRITES, partly Cylindrick, and partly Oval 5 Cy J 
 lindr waits. ’Tis two inches long, and near an inch and ; 
 over 5 Cylindrick in the middle, and Oval at both ends. 
 The Surface, fmooth, and of a (Fining black. 
 
 MUNDICK ORE, as it may be call’d 5 having the 
 fame Analogy to that which is figur’d; as the Ores of Metals, 
 have to fuch as are pure and perfect. This is for the moft 
 part of a greenifh afh-colour, not very hard, and fomewhat 
 gritty. 
 
 X x Yellow 
 
 357 
 
33% 
 
 Of Mineral Principles . Part III. 
 
 Yellow Mundick. GRAIN-ORE ; immerfed in a Spar of 
 an Amethyftine colour. 
 
 Another fort, like Silver Grain-Ore, in a Spar of the co¬ 
 lour of that of Tin. So hard as to cut Glafs. 
 
 A piece of MundickzOre in a white Spar, both Grained 
 and Vcin’d. 
 
 A piece or two of Veined Ore from a Silver-Mine. 
 MundickzOre and Vitriol mixed with a White and Green 
 Spar. 
 
 MundickzOre, and Blacky Daze , mixed with a Vein of 
 White and Green Spar ; all lying between two firm Beds 
 or Walls. Thefe Ores, by fome are called MockcOres. 
 
 A MOCK-FIRE-STONE. Pyrites jiirilis. Outwardly, 
 of the colour of polifh’d Steel. And radiated from the 
 Centre, as the true Pyrites. But of a light and ufelefs fub- 
 ftance. 
 
 No fort of Mundick., that I find,either in the Ore, or per¬ 
 fect, ftirreth with Acids-. Every Metal hath its Marcbajite : 
 Lapid °i Ct 2 de w h* c h 1S fometimes added to them, inftead of Lead, (a) to 
 (h) Dr. make them flow the better. But if too much, it roos tbem, 
 i’s Tra- by over volatilizing them (b) in the Furnace. Out of molt 
 Fire-ftones, may be made both Vitriol and Sulphur. 
 
 Brorvn 
 
 vails. 
 
 SECT. III. 
 
 Of SVLineral ‘Principles. 
 
 B Y Mineral Principles, I mean, neither fuch imaginary 
 ones as fome have talked of: nor fuch as may poflibly 
 have a real exigence, yet were never feen folitary or uncom¬ 
 pounded : but thofe which come within the cognizance of 
 fenfe, fc. Salt, Sulphurs, and Earths 5 and fuch Bodies as 
 are reduceable to thefe Tribes. For it feemeth to me, That 
 mod fubterranial Bodies are either compounded of 
 thefe Three, or are hereinto refolved. So Copperas is the 
 fait of a Metal j either as an ingredient in its Generation 5 or 
 refulting from its Corrofion by fome Natural Menjtruum, 
 equivalent to fuch as are applyed by Art. In like manner, 
 a Bolus ,as it feems to be the Bafis of moft Stones and Metals $ 
 
 fo, 
 
Part III. 
 
 Of Salts. 
 
 339 
 
 fo. Upon the Refolution of the fame, to be nothing but 
 their Caput mortuum. There being a Circulation amongft 
 Minerals , as amongft Plants and Animals ; the fame Princi¬ 
 ples palling from one to another. And fo,probably,amongft 
 all Bodies, at lcaft between the Atmofphere and the Centre 
 of the Earth. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 Of SALTS. 
 
 A Parcel of NATURAL SAL ARMONIAC. (Rather 
 Ammoniac , from its fuppofed limilitude to that of 
 the Ancients, bred under the Sands in Africa.) This I call 
 Natural , as being found fublimed, by the fubterraneal 
 Fire, in 'a Cole-Mine near New-Cajile upon Tyne. Given ’ 
 by Dr. L. Hodgfonyx ho firft made experiment of the nature 
 hereof. And hath anfwer’ d feveral Queries about it, pro- 
 pofed by Mr. Boyle, (a) Here is fome of it lying upon and M swPhii. 
 between Beds of a light and footy Earth ; and fome pure 
 and white as Sow. It hath the perfect Taft of the Factiti¬ 
 ous 5 confifteth of the like Fibers or Sty rice-, and may be 
 eafily fublimed into Flowers, (b) Cerutws hath alfo de- (b) See Parc 
 ferib’d a Sal Ammoniac , as he calls it, fublimed by the fub- 4 - 
 terraneal Fires of Puteoli ; but This is of a different kind, as 
 appears from his Defcription of it. (c) Hereof are made fe- ( c ) Mu £ 
 veral Preparations of great Ufe to Phyfitians , Alcbymifts , and Cakeoi. S.2 , 
 others, as the Spirit Simple, Aromatiz’d, and Tindur’d ; the p- ' 4? ' 
 Tindur’d Flowers, &c. 
 
 A parcel of SALT taken from Tenariffe,\ 6 ’jA t . and given 
 by Dr .George Trumbal. ’Tis very white,and light like flowers 
 of Sal Ammoniac , or the Earth call’d Agaricum Minerale. 
 
 Taken by fome to be a kind of Nitre. But not rightly. 
 
 For it hath the perfed Taft of a Lixivial Salt. Makes an 
 E.jfervef ence with Aqua Fortvs , as thofe Salts will, but Nitre 
 will not do. Hath, as thofe, a fixed Body : neither will it 
 flow, or flame, though expofed naked to the fame fire, 
 wherein Nitre will do both. Yet hath it fomewhatof a 
 nitrous Taft intermixed j as have alfo many Lixivial Salts. 
 
 I conclude it therefore to be a fixed Alkaly, or, in nature, a 
 kind of Lixivial Salt. 
 
 X x 2 
 
 AnO“ 
 
540 
 
 Of Salts. Part III. 
 
 Another parcel of the fame fort of SALT, taken out of 
 the Cave or the Pique of Tenariffe , 1674. by the fame 
 Hand. Different from the former, only in being of a purer 
 white. 
 
 A Third parcel of the fame, taken, I fuppofe, from ano¬ 
 ther quarter of the faid Mountain. 
 
 A fquare piece of Cryftalline Sal Gemma (rather Gem- 
 vieus) weighing almoft twenty Ounces. 
 
 A Ball of Cryftalline Sal Gejumem 5 with another piece 
 of the fame Species. 
 
 A piece of ftynated Sal Gemmeus , tinctur'd with fome 
 Rays of yellow. It grows almoft in the form of Sal Ammo¬ 
 
 niac. 
 
 A piece of ftyriated Sal Gemmeus tinctur’d with partly 
 an Amethyfline , partly a Saphinne Blew. 
 
 Ambrofinus gives a Figure of Cryjlal of this Salt, much 
 like that of the Corns of common Sea-Salt 5 from which it 
 differs no more, than Pit-Salt. 
 
 Sal Foffilis properly fo call’d, is, as it were, the Ore of the 
 Sal Gemmeus. Yet This, as well as Metals, isfometimes 
 found native. The principal Mines are in Poland and Ca¬ 
 labria : of which, fee a Relation in the Phil. Transactions.[a) 
 (i) LMcri’t 1° the defter Poland, faith Comer , fb) are fome pieces of this 
 Po]aiUib! P il Salt (he means the Ore) like huge Stones; fo hard, that 
 Houfes and even whole Towns are built with them. Near 
 Eperies , a City in Upper-Hungary, is a Salt-Mine, in which 
 
 are pieces Ten thoufand pounds weight, (c) 
 
 Of This as of common Salt , may be diftill’d that Acid 
 
 p. 112. ’ Liquor commonly, but abfurdly call’d the Oil. This mo¬ 
 derately taken, but efpecially if it be dulcify’d by Cohoba- 
 tions with a fimple, or rather with an aromatiz’d Spirit of 
 Wine, is fometimes of excellent ufe to reftore the Digeftive 
 Faculty to the Stomach. But the common fort, taken, as 
 it often is, without difcretion, really breeds more Difeafes, 
 than it pretends to cure. See feveral Preparations of Salt in 
 Schroder and others. Ambrofinus, I think it is, who reports, 
 Mufjwe&L (*0 That in the Province of Canicla , in the Great Cam’s 
 Dominions, the people melt and caft Salt into a round 
 Form , for Money. But who ever knows the nature 
 of common Salt, muft alfo, that this Report is a great 
 miftake. 
 
 BLEW 
 
Part III. 
 
 Of frafa. 341 
 
 BLEW VITRIOL, Native, and cryftalhz’d, from the 
 Copper-Mines of Herngrundt in Hungary. Given by Dr. Ed¬ 
 ward Brown, together with the feveral Species following. 
 
 GREEN VITRIOL, Native; from the Silver-Mines of 
 Scbemnitz1 in Hungary. 
 
 Native GREEN VITRIOL, mixed with fome Rays of 
 a pale Blew 5 from the fame place. With its aftringent and 
 fweetiih Tafts, is joyn’dfome Acritude. It grows to its own 
 Ore , of a purplifh aih-colour; and of a milder Taft. 
 
 A parcel of the fame Species, from the Copper-Mine of 
 Herngrundt. 
 
 Native VITRIOL of a pale Purple, and confiding of 
 pointed Cryflals. This alfo hath fome Acritude. From the 
 
 fame Mine. . 
 
 Native WHITE VITRIOL. It grows in glofty Grains 
 like Nitre grofly powder’d ; and not without fome Acritude. 
 From the fame place. 
 
 Made WHITE-VITRIOL of Chremnitz, 
 
 WHITE-VITRIOL Ore of Chemnitz, Of a pale Okre 
 colour, and meanly aftringent. 
 
 A fort of Native VFRDEGRIESE, from the Copper - 
 Mines of Herngrundt. It confifteth of flat and parallel 
 Plates, as in a Slate ; of a blewilh Green, yet not fo blew, as 
 the factitious. ’Tis alfo of a much milder Taft. It maketh 
 a ftrong ebullition with Spirit of Nitre. Thefe from the 
 above-mention’d Perfon. 
 
 A rich ORE of Green Copperas, from Cornwall. Of a 
 kind of Brick-colour, crack’d a little with lying in the Air, 
 and hath upon it feveral efflorefcent lumps of Copperas. 
 
 A poorer fort of Green Copperas ORE. On one fide, be¬ 
 ing fcraped, of a blewifh alh-colour; and with little Taft. 
 
 On the other, of a yellowilh Green, and tafteth_ ftrong as 
 Vitriol. Maketh an Effervefcence with Spirit of Nitre. 
 
 A Fibrous or STYRIATED ORE of Green Copperas , 
 
 ’Tis white , and form’d almoft like Sal Ammoniac 5 but 
 hath the perfect Taft of Green Vitriol. Acids lhr it not. 
 
 Befides the places mention’d, and others,Green Copperaas 
 is plentifully made here in England, as at Debt ford, and elfe 
 where. The Copperas Stones or Fire-Stones are found on 
 the Sea-fhore in tffex, Hamphire, and fo Weft ward ; the 
 belt of a bright Silver-colour. For the making of Copperas, 
 
 they 
 
Of Salts-. 
 
 Part HI 
 
 34 2 
 
 they make Beds fometimes an hundred feet long, and 
 fifteen broad at top ; well ram’d firft with Clay , and then 
 with Chalk. In thefe Beds the faid Stones are laid about two 
 feet thick: which by Sun and Rain, are gradually diffolv’d ; 
 and in five or fix years time, begin to turn into a kind of 
 Vitriolic/^ Earth , which will fwell and ferment like levened- 
 Dough. And once in four years, the Bed is renewed with 
 frefli Stones. In a Boyler containing about twelve Tuns of 
 Vitriolic 4 Liquor running trom the Bed, they put in by 
 degrees, about fifteen hundred pounds of old Iron ; which 
 both quickens the boyling, and prevents the fetling and 
 melting of the Copperas at the bottom of the Boyler, and 
 of the Boyler it fell. Sometimes, in ftirring the Earth on 
 the Beds, they find pieces of Native Copperas. See a parti¬ 
 cular and exact account of thefe Works at Debt ford, com¬ 
 municated by Mr. Color al, the Founder of this Mufieum, 
 00 N. 142. anc j ky jyj; e published in the Philofophical Tranfaffions. (a) 
 Of the Nature of Vitriol , fee feveral confiderable Obferva- 
 OON. 103. tlons grounded on Experiment, in the fame Tranfatlions. (b) 
 Amongft other particulars, an excellent way of purifying 
 it from itsOkre. 
 
 The three principal Parts hereof are, an Acid Spirit, fixed 
 Salt, and Sulphur. The laft,a good Hypnotic 4 , in fome Cafes, 
 w'here Opium is not fafe. 
 
 M Aldrov. Native Vitriol , faith Ambrofinus , (c) given to thequan- 
 Muf. Met. t j t y 0 p 5j j n an y convenient vehicle, is a great Remedy in 
 Germany and Hungary for the Plague. Blew Vitriol of ex¬ 
 cellent ufe againft Venereal Vlcers. Both of this, and the 
 Green, is made the Powder called Sympathetic 4 ; theDe- 
 feription whereof may befeen in Papinius, and out of him 
 in Wormius. I doubt not, but that the Stiptick. Liquors of 
 Mr. Lyfter and of Air. Deny, are both made of Vitriol. 
 
 A fort of ALUMINOUS Earth, found near the River 
 Patomach in Virginia. ’Tisfoft and very light 5 of an afli- 
 colour, and acid-aftringent Taft, almoft like that of Alum. 
 Whether the people there make Alum of it, or ufe it in 
 Deying, we have no account. 
 
 Of the Nature of Alum, fee a very good Difcourfe in 
 and conti° 3 ' *he Philofophical Transactions, (d) Of the Englijh Alum- 
 nu’d.N. 104. Works an accurate Account, communicated by Daniel Col- 
 (e) Num. xral Efq; and by Me publifhed in the fame 7 ran factions, (e) 
 
343 
 
 Part III. Of Sulphurs. 
 
 The Alum-Stone (of a blackifh colour, and flaky, like Comifh 
 Slate ) is found in moft of the Hills between Scarbrough 
 and the River of Tees in Torfjhire. As alfo near Preflon in 
 Lancafhire. Of thefe Stones calcin'd, is made a Lee 5 and 
 of the Lee, Alum. The Lee after the firft (hooting of the 
 Alum 5 is called Mothers. In which, certain Nitrous and 
 other parts call’d Slam, being predominant; to precipitate 
 the fame, they add the Lees of Kelp 5 made of Tangle, a 
 Sea-Weed commonly among Oyfters. And then, a certain 
 proportion of Trine, both for the fame purpofe, and to 
 keep the Kelp-Lees from hardening the Alum too much. 
 The Mine, before it is calcin’d, being expofed to the Air, 
 will moulder in pieces, and yield a Liquor whereof Copperas 
 may be made. 
 
 Fallopius’s, Aq. Aluminis Magi fir alls, is of good ufe againft 
 untoward Vleers. Beyers boil their Cloaths,or Tarn in Alum- 
 Water, that they may take both a better, and more dura¬ 
 ble colour. It is ufed, likewife, for the making of a Leather 
 foft and white,or fit to take a clear colour, which the Tan’d, 
 will not do. And I little doubt, but that to wa(h the Skins 
 of Beads or Fowls herewith on both fides, or perhaps on 
 the Feathers, only brewing Alum in fine powder, would be 
 a good way to keep them from the Moth ,and growing dank 
 in mold Weather, and fo to preferve them for ever. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 OfSVLPHVRS . 
 
 A Fiece of Opacous yellow AMBER half a foot long. 
 
 Given by zKtr^-aKHenJhaw Efq;. Found, with fe- 
 veral leffer pieces, in digging of a Ditch under the Walls 
 of Rensburge in Holftein , eighteen feet under ground. 
 Which place is at lead five and twenty miles both from the 
 Baltic f and German Seas. 
 
 A Piece of AMBER of the colour of Honey. 
 
 A Piece of clear yellow AMBER. Given by Captain 
 Tailor. 
 
 Another yellow Piece, femiperfpicuous; from the fame 
 Hand. A 
 
334 
 
 Part III- 
 
 Of Sulphurs. 
 
 A Ball of yellow andopacous AMBER. 
 
 A Piece of clear yellow Amber, with a CICADA drowned 
 in it. 
 
 A Piece of Citrine Amber', with feveral GNATS im- 
 merfed. 
 
 A little Ball of citrine Amber, with an immerfed Em¬ 
 met. 
 
 A Heart of yellow Amber, with two FLIES. 
 
 Two or three more Pieces, with fome other INSECTS. 
 In Sept alius s Mufceum, is one fo large as to bury a Frog. 
 lib. 2." em ‘ -And Boetius (a) affirms that Pieces are found fomenmes as 
 big as a mans Head. 
 
 Found in great quantity in Pomerania, and upon the 
 Coalf of Pruffia in the Baltic/fSea. The Eleffor oiBranden- 
 ini Ibj'gc." burge, Soveraign of that Coaff, farmes it out ( b) for twenty 
 Thoufand Crowns yearly. Alfo plentiful on theCoaffs of 
 Soffala, Mofambique and Melinde. 
 
 [ib.^cabo’. Boetius defenbes a Powder, (c) in which Amber is the 
 chief Ingredient, and which he highly commends for the 
 Epilepfie both in Children and grown perfons. The two 
 U) Muf. Salts of Amber united, faith Terzagi, \d) make an admira¬ 
 ble Specifick for that Difeafe. 
 
 Take Telks of Eggs fixteen, Gum Arabick, |ij, Gum of 
 Cherry-Tree ?j. Diffolve them, and fet them in the Sun for 
 an Artificial Amber. Amongft the many Opinions of the 
 Original of Amber, I put this quclfion, Whether it is not a 
 kind of harden’d Petroleum ? 
 
 FLAKED STONE-COAL. Lithanthrax fciffilk. By 
 fome called Blacky Amber ; not properly. For, when fir’d, 
 it hath fcarce any tali or fmell. Neither doth it yield any 
 Oil, or melt, as Amber. Only makes a very weak and thin 
 i lame, which prefently vanifhes; and little fmoak. Yet 
 keeps fire for a confiderable time. Tis black, glofly, and 
 pretty hard. Yet being ftruck, eafily breaketh into Flakes 
 of a fquare Figure. Found in Mifnia, Bohemia,istc. In fome 
 ■ A E “ r - de Pits two Hundred paces deep, (d) 
 
 A STONE taken out of the Dead-Sea. Blackifh and 
 fomewhat flaky. Difloluble with Spirit of Nitre. When 
 fir d, it yields a fulphurious feent. Yet the barbarous Arabi¬ 
 ans ufe it for fewel. 
 
 A Piece of Jet. Gagates, from Gaza a River of Lyaa, 
 
 where 
 
Part III. 
 
 Of Sulphurs. 
 
 345 
 
 where fir ft found. Given by Sir Rob. Moray. Of a fhining 
 colour, and in fome places, flaky. It cracks when held to 
 the fire 5 and in it, burns with a thick flame and- frnoak, and 
 very (linking. If rub’d till its warm, it takes up pieces of 
 Feathers, and fuch light Bodies. Tis found in France , Sicily. 
 And in this IJland , in Clean eland, on the top of Huntley and 
 Whitby Clifts, where the Sea-water never comes. 
 
 Pit EBONY. Ebenum foffile. Very brittle, and when 
 held in a flame, breaks into Flakesit burns, with a footy 
 frnoak, into allies 5 but with fearce any flame. 
 
 A parcel of ORPMENT. Auripigmentum f. Arfemicum 
 croceum. 
 
 Native SULPHUR or BRIMSTONE, cryftalliz’d, of 
 a pale Golden colour, and femiperfpicuous. Sent from 
 Peru. The like is defenbed in Calceolarias s Mufaeum , and by 
 Wormias. 
 
 ANOTHER Piece, of fuch a like colour. Found in the 
 Pike ot Tenarijf\ and given by Dr. George Trumbal. 
 
 A Lump of Native SULPHUR of the colour of fome 
 Olibanum Drops, or opacous yellow Amber. From the fame 
 Hand, and Place. As alfo, 
 
 Two Pieces of SULPHUR ORE. One, Earth, of a 
 brown colour 5 the other, Stone , of a Sand-colour and 
 gritty. 
 
 Native SULPHUR of IJla?td. Of the colour of the 
 common factitious Brimftone 3 and immerfed in a ftony 
 Bed. 
 
 SLJLPHUR, of a curious Orange-colour, extracted out 
 of Gold-Ore. Given by Henry Oldenburge Efcjj. 
 
 SULPHUR ORE of Freyberg. Here are three Pieces. 
 One, almoft ot the colour of Cindbar. Put into the fire, 
 it fmells like Brimjione, but flames not. The other two, 
 confiit of blackifh and afh-colour parts mixed with the red 5 
 together with fome grains of Mundick, If fired, they 
 fmell like the firft, but not fo ftrongly 5 nor make any 
 flame. 
 
 GREEN SULPHUR-ORE. Like that in the Copper- 
 Mines of Suecia, mention’d by Wormitus. 
 
 SULPHUR-ORE of 1 /land. Opacous, and immerfed 
 in a blewifh Glebe. If burnt, it hath the feent of Brimjione 3 
 but yet weak, and flames not. 
 
 m 
 
 II 
 
 \ i 
 * * 
 
 
 Of 
 
Of Earths. 
 
 Part III. 
 
 Of the nature of Sulphur, Coppery and Alum, fee a very 
 good Difcourfe in the Phil. Tranfattions. (a) Of the Ufes, 
 fee Agricola, Libavius , Crollius, IS'c. I have feen a linciure of 
 Sulphur of Mr. Boyls, brought over the Helm , which will 
 fume all away. I remember not where he defcribes it, but 
 as I take it, ’tis made with Sal Ammoniac. 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 Of EARTHS. 
 
 Wo Parcels of EARTH RAINED on the Archipe- 
 
 lago, upon the Eruption of M. Vesuvius, Dec. 6th 
 1631. Given by J. Evelyn Efq;. One, is gritty, and of the 
 colour of Amber. The other a foft Bole, and looks like 
 powder’d Jalap . I dropped fome Oil of Vitriol on them, 
 but they ftir not. This Earth began to rain about Ten of 
 the Clock at Night, and continu’d till two next Morning: 
 So that it lay two inches thick on the Deck of Captain W. 
 Badilys Ship, who fent this Relation. While it rain’d, no 
 Wind llirrmg. It fell in feveral parts a hundred Leagues 
 * l,il diftant. (b) 
 
 21 ' A parcel of EARTH, RAINED lately upon Tenariff. 
 Given by Mr. Jofeph Bowles, a Merchant in this City. Of 
 a pale Clay-colour, and infipid. Yet upon the affufion of 
 Oil of Vitriol, makes a fuddain Effervefcence 3 herein diffe¬ 
 rent from the former. 
 
 FINE SAND, from a Sand-Pit near Bruley in Kent. 
 Given alfo by Mr. Evelyn. Of this is made the cleared: 
 and bell Englifh Glafs. It confifteth of fome Grains, as 
 clear as Cryjial : with which others obfcure, being mixed, 
 give a whitifh a(h-colourto the whole Mafs. 
 
 A Sandy fubftance of a Gold-colour, found in a Vein of 
 Stone in Hartford in New-England. 
 
 Black SAND of Virginia. 
 
 Black SAND found on the lliore near New-Haven in 
 New-England 5 with fome Grains of red and white. 
 
 The like out of St. Chriftophers Ifland. 
 
 Fine white SAND of Saco in New-England. 
 
 Of 
 
Part III 
 
 Of Earths'. 
 
 $47 
 
 Of BOLES and other EARTHS,here are examples of all 
 colours, as White, Afh-colour’d, Yellow, Red, Green, Blew, 
 
 Brown, Black. Of which in their Order. 
 
 A parcel of MELITA EARTH. Given by Sir Phil. 
 
 Skippon. By fome called St. Pauls Earth. ’Tis of a white 
 colour, but inclining to that of Mortar. Not gritty, yet 
 lefs foft than many other Earths. Makes a ftrong Effer- 
 ueftcence with any Acid. Cerutus (a) extols the ufe of it in 
 Peftilential Feavers, and againft Worms in Children, and Seft.2.p.130 
 not unjuftly. Not only the Earth it felf, but the Images, 
 
 Veffels, and the like, made hereof, are fabled to derive thefe 
 and other Virtues, as againft the bitings of Serpents, isrc. 
 from St. Paul, who liv’d fometime there, and miraculoully 
 preferv’d himfelf from the V enome of the Viper. And Wor- 
 mius (b) hath given himfelf the trouble to tranfcribe a print- W Muf - 
 ed Paper hereof. ‘ 1 ‘ c ' 4 ‘ 
 
 SAMOS EARTH. ’Tis white, andfoftcr than the for¬ 
 mer. Maketh an ebullition with any Acid 5 but very weak 
 and flow. It hath fomewhat of an aromatick Taft, like 
 that of calcin’d Harts Horn. Of thisalfo Veffels were an- 
 tiently made of great efteem. 
 
 STONE MARROW. Stenomarga Agricolee, i. e. Saxi 
 Medulla: becaufe found between the Commiftures of 
 great Stones. Agaricus Miner alls, Imperato 3 from its likcnefs 
 to Agarick. in colour 3 but no further. For between the 
 Teeth it feels fomewhat like fine fand or grit 5 and hath no 
 Taft. Nor is it fenfible of Acids. ’Tis fometimes ufed by 
 Chirurgions for the drying of Dicers. 
 
 A BOLE like that of WHITE (c) Terra Lemnia. VeryfOMuC 
 clofe and heavy, and when fcraped, of a pale white, fmooth, u 
 
 and gloffy 5 almoft like to white Wax. ’Tis but flowly dif- 
 folved in the mouth. 
 
 This and other like fmooth Earths are commonly called 
 Pingues, or Fat: abfurdly, for Latves or Subtiles. Their 
 feeming Pinguitude proceeding only from the exquifite 
 finenefs of the Particles of which they confift. 
 
 A fmooth BOLE, almoft of the colour of C aft He Soap. 
 
 More eafily diffolved than the former, fo as it feems to melt 
 in the mouth like Butter. 
 
 A parcel of very white, light, and foft EARTH. Taken 
 out of the Cave opened at the Royal Fort at Plymouth 3 
 
 Y y 2 where 
 
P A P, T III. 
 
 Of Earths. 
 
 where it lies m little Veins containing much water. Sup- 
 pofed to be the materiaprima ol white Marble. 
 
 A White EARTH lying in a Load degenerated from Tin. 
 very gritty, and infenfible ot Acids. 
 
 A White EARTH, with a Ray of Red 5 very foft, with¬ 
 out any grit, and in affected with Acids. Nor' hath it the 
 common Taft of Boles, but is altogether inlipid. Found 
 in the fame place, as the former 5 but in different Veins. 
 Suppofedto be the Embrio of white and red Marble. 
 
 A BOLE of a yellowifh fandy colour 5 fomewhat gritty 
 and friable. 
 
 SILESIAN BOLE. Of a redifh yellow, exactly like the 
 paler Emplaftrutn de Minio. As denfe as any other, crack¬ 
 ling a little betwixt the Teeth. Yet without the leaft Par¬ 
 ticle ot Grit 5 feels as ftnooth as Caftile-Soap 5 fcrapes with 
 a glofs 5 and breaks like Bees-Wax , or the Salve above-faid. 
 Tafteth like other Boles. 
 
 The BOHEMICK fealed BOLE. It agrees in all pro¬ 
 perties with the former 5 laving that it hath fomewhat more 
 of red. 
 
 The HEPATICK BOLE of LEMNOS. Of kin to the 
 red Lemnian. And anfwers to that which Wormiws defcribes 
 by the Name of Terra [igillata liepatica. It ftirreth not witli 
 Acids. 
 
 ANOTHER of the fame more PALE. Somewhat 
 harder than the Armenian Bole. It makes a fmall ebullition 
 with Oil of Vitriol, and with Spirit of Nitre a very ftrong 
 one. 
 
 I take the principal Difference between Earths,as applied 
 to Medical Ufe, to be this, That feme arc not affected with 
 Acids ; others are -IThofeT auperes or Fatuee ; coming nearer 
 to limple or meer Earths 5 Thefe Saline, or impregnated 
 with a Mineral Alkali, and therefore of greater energy. 
 
 A fmooth and pale redifh CLAY, lying in a little vein, 
 running Eaft and Weft, through a great Pillar of Sand, in a 
 firme Marble-Rock■ Suppofed to be the Embrio of the red 
 Marble. 
 
 Red LEMNOS EARTH. As red as Radle; but much 
 more clofe and coherent, and fo colours not the Fingers. 
 
 (V) Likde TheophraJhis (a) reckons up three forts of Terra Lemnia 5 fc. 
 the Deep Red, the Pale Red, and the Whitilh. 
 
 548 
 
 Celebrated 
 
349 
 
 Part III. Of Earths. 
 
 Celebrated by fome of the Antients againft Poyfon, 
 which, if right, it expels by Vomit. Yet Tbeopbraftus faith, 
 
 That in his time, it was ufed only for Painting. 
 
 ARMENIAN BOLE. From that part of Armenia next 
 to Cappadocia. Both of a deep and a pale Red. Very 
 foft, and eafily rub’d to powder. Never makes any ebulli¬ 
 tion with Adds. Firft brought to Rome in Galen’s time, 
 when the Plague was there. In which, and other Malignant 
 Difeafes , it hath generally been efteemed of good ufe, 
 Joubertus relates,as a Teftimony of its Virtue,That four men 
 preparing fome Cathartic 4 of Antimony , were all well nigh 
 fuffocated. And that upon his giving them each 9 ij of this 
 Pole , they became very well. But the queftion is, Whether 
 fo foon as they were got out of the reach of the Antimonial 
 Fumes , (from which we may be fure he took them) they 
 would not have been well without it ? 
 
 An Englijh BOLE,like the Armenian. From Sir J. Hoskins. 
 
 A Red MINERAL EARTH, with fome little glollinefs 
 in fome places. Of the colour of the deepeit Armenian Bole. 
 
 Red Cornijh MARLE, ufed in Agriculture. It hath fome 
 grains of fine Sand, which, through a Glafs, looks like Me¬ 
 tal, A piece alfo of common Radle. 
 
 A BOLE confifting of Red and White Plates, thin and 
 parallel 5 fo as to look like ftriped Work. 
 
 BERG-GRUN ; a Green Earth, the fediment of a green 
 Water in the Copper-Mine at Herngrundt. Given by Dr. Ed. 
 
 Brovrn. Tis ufed by Painters. 
 
 A VERDAZURINE BOLE. So I call it, for that it is 
 on the out-fide of a blewilh green, like Verdegriefe. Within, 
 of the colour of a Leek. It flicks to the Tongue, as the 
 Armenian , or Lemnian , and hath the like Taft. Stirs not with 
 Acids. Not unlike to that, which is deferibed by Wormius 
 with the Name of Greta Viridvs. Yet cannot be the fame, 
 unlefs that Name be ill given: for Chap properly fo call’d, 
 maketh aftrong Effervefcence with any Acid. 
 
 A GREEN EARTH like that which lientman (a) calls (P Foflii. 
 Saponariam /. Fulloniam. Nomend; 
 
 A BLEWISH Grey MARLE mixed with Red. Ufed 
 in Agriculture. 
 
 A BLEWISH EARTH, with the fignature of an Escal¬ 
 lop upon it. It gently diflolves with Acids. 
 
 Earthen 
 
Of Earths. Part III. 
 
 Earthen BALLS, about as big as mounting Stones, of 
 a Blewifh colour, or that of Tobacco-Pipe-Clay. With other 
 irregular Lumps of the fame nature: found among the 
 Earth of a Hill overturn'd at Kenebank in New-England. 
 
 A Piece of IRISH-SLATE, fo called. Given by Mr. Rob. 
 Hook, Of the fame colour as the iornijh, only fomewhat 
 paler. But as foft as the Terra Lemnia, and feveral other 
 Boles. And is therefore to be reckon'd amongft them. Be- 
 fides the common Taft of Boles, it hath a little Aftringency. 
 Yet not alike perceived in all, for there is better and worfe: 
 which Apothecaries will do well to obferve. 
 
 Kentman (a) mentions a fort of very white Earth near 
 Padoa ;which in a (hort time would turn Blew,only by being 
 expofed to the Aer. 
 
 A fort of BROWN EARTH, very light; lying in Veins, 
 incompafled with a Body of greenifh Sand. From Corn¬ 
 wall. 
 
 A BLACK EARTH, taken out of a fpot enclofed in the 
 fame Sand, without any Vein lftiiing from it. 
 
 PART 
 
Part IV. 
 
 PART IV- 
 Of Artificial Matters. 
 
 Sect. I. 
 
 Of Things relating to CHTMISTRT , and to other 
 Parts of NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. 
 
 A LL Arts are referred either barely to the Obfervation, 
 Or alfo to the Command and Management of their 
 Object, for the Ufe of Man. But I mult fpeak of 
 thofe Particulars here preferv’d, in that Order, as they will 
 bear: and fo (hall reduce them to four General Heads, fc. 
 fuch as relate to Cbymiftry and other parts of Natural Phi¬ 
 losophy ; To the Mat hematic fa , Mechanic^ , and Anti¬ 
 quity. 
 
 The Pblegme, Oil , Spirit , Volatile, and fixed Salts, both 
 of the Serous, and Grumous Parts of HUMANE BLOOD. 
 Together with the Oil, Volatile, and fixed Salts, of that of 
 an OX. Prepared, and given by Dr. Walter Needham. By 
 whom alfo was read a Difcourfe before the Royal Society, 
 in which, as I take it, the proportions between the faid parts, 
 with divers other Remarques were deliver’d. But I meet 
 with no Regifler hereof. The different Proportions of the 
 faid parts,as they are obfervable in the feveral Vifcera, I may 
 have occaiion elfe where to reprefent. I (hall now only 
 note, That the fixed Salts of Blood above mention’d, are 
 three of them Grey, and all but weak. The fourth, viz. 
 that of the ferous part of an Oxes , although calcined to 
 whitenefs; yet is not fo ftrong , as That of mod Vege¬ 
 tables. 
 
 The OIL of TOBACCO diftilled per defeenftm. The 
 notable effect hereof upon a Cat, was try’d fome years 
 fince before the Royal Society. One or two Drops of it be¬ 
 ing 
 
352 Oj Things relating to C hymittry j&c. Part IV. 
 
 ing put upon her Tongue, Ihe fell immediately into horrid 
 Convulfeons, and dy’d within the fpace of one minute of an 
 hour. This very Oil I have feveral times preferibed to my 
 own Father ( who takes Tobacco ) in Lint to be held betwixt 
 his Teeth, againftthe Toothach , with a good effect, and no 
 ill one. But I, who take none, having once us’d it, my felf 
 in the fame manner, although I fwallow’d not fo much as 
 any of my fpittle, yet it made me extremely hek, and vomit 
 once or twice. 
 
 The Stillatitious OIL of LAWANG BARQUE. Sent 
 from Java major by Sir Phil. Vernatti. It partaketh much 
 of the colour, fmell, and tall of That of Sajfafras 5 but is 
 much more fragrant. The Oil of Sajfafras is diftill’d only 
 from the W ood. But if one were diddl'd from the Barque, 
 it might equal This. 
 
 An Oil diftill’d per Alembicum , from the ROOTS of 
 the CINAMON-TREE refembling Camp hire. From the 
 fame Hand and Place. The Roots being only bruifed, and 
 fteeped in Water, are then diddl'd. The Tree is about the 
 00 Lib. i. bignefs of the Olive. Defcribed by Linfchot. (a) Grows in 
 *' * 3 ’ Cavit and Subanin , but the bed and mod in the IOand Sey- 
 
 lon ; there in whole Woods. 
 
 The LIQUID OIL of MACE, by expredion. ’Tis 
 made of frelh Mace. Hath fome few curdled parts,as fome- 
 times m that ot Olives : but the mod part of it is liquid 
 without heat, which the bed expreded Oil of Mace in the 
 Shops, is not. Almod of the colour of a Tindure of Saffron , 
 and very fragrant. Confirming what Linfchot faith, fc. That 
 the original colour of Mace , is Scarlet. 
 
 The FIXED SALTS of Cardiius bened. Garden and 
 Sea Scurvy-Grafs , AJh and OakvBarques , Rofemary , Mint, 
 Mugwort , Agrimony, Wormwood\ Sorrel, Mallows , Liquorifb, 
 Anife-Seeds, Sena, Jalap. By Me prepared and given. To¬ 
 gether with a Difcourfe read be tore the Royal Society con¬ 
 cerning the fame, which I purpofe to publifh ere long. I 
 Rail here only Note, that although Many think and affirm, 
 That all the Fixed Salts ofVegetables are alike: yet by Thefe, 
 duly managed, it doth appear. That there is a great diffe¬ 
 rence, both as to drength, and otherwife, between divers 
 of them, even when they have been equally calcin’d. So 
 far, that the promifeuous ufe of fome of them, in Phyfick, is 
 
 unfafe: 
 
Fart IV. Of Things relating to Chymijlry , &c. 555 
 
 unfafe: as, for inftance, of Tartar and Wormwood 5 half a 
 Scruple of the former, being as If rong as one whole Scruple 
 of the latter. Of the Fixed Salt of Vegetables,fee a Difcourfe 
 in the Phil. Tranfacl. N. 107, to 1 108. Of the Volatile Salt, 
 
 il. IOI.(i2) («) Both. 
 
 An Eajl-Indian Compofition (as it feems of Vegetables) 
 called CATO. Very aftringent, and infus’d in water makes VamJcf. 
 it yellow. Us’d by the Indians againft the Inflammations of 
 the Mouth or Throat. 
 
 SAL AMMONIAC fublim’d in a Sugar-Mould from 
 Beds of the fame taken from a Coal-Mine near New-Caftle 
 upon Tyne ; of which, fee the foregoing part of this Cata¬ 
 logue. Prepar’d and given by Dr. Luke Hodgfon. 
 
 SPIRIT of Sal Ammoniac diftill’d from the faid Salt 
 mixed with Quick^Lime. By the fame Hand. 
 
 The Parts of the Medical WATERS of SCARBROUGH, 
 s Prepared and given by Dr. Witty: together with an 
 account of them. But this I find not. The Preparations 
 are thefe, The Phlegm, and Acid Spirit , not ftrong. The 
 Sedement upon evaporation, of an afli-colour, a bitterifh 
 and nitrous Taft. The Precipitate, upon the mixture of 
 Gall-powder 5 black, and of little Taft. One or two Grains 
 will precipitate sj out of a Gallon of the Water. The Ni¬ 
 trous or Eflential Salt, as I take it, before the Precipitation 
 be made. The like Salt, after the Precipitation is made. 
 
 Thefe Salts have alfo fomewhat of a Nitrous Taft, but 
 mixed with a fmatch of a Vitriolick: And the latter, I 
 take notice, is figur’d into long fquare Cryftals, or little 
 fquare Bars. The Black Precipitate calcin’d. The Lixivial 
 Salts, made, as I take them, from the Precipitate, and from 
 the fimple Sediment or Extract both before and after Pre¬ 
 cipitation made: fomewhat like to that of Vitriol. 
 
 What ever Ingredients, as Niter, Vitriol, or other known 
 Salts, may go to conftitute thefe abovefaid 5 I am of Opi¬ 
 nion, That the predominant is fome Metallick Principle 
 different from them all. 
 
 A Solid HERMETICK PHOSPHORUS; a mixed Mat¬ 
 ter, which being expofed for about half a minute of an 
 hour to the Sun, or only to Day-light, or to a bright Fire 
 or Candle; will Ihine in thedark for fome minutes. Made 
 by Dr. Fr. Slare, and by him given to the Royal Society, 
 
 Z 7, Apr. 3, 
 
3 54 Of Things relating to Cbymtjlry,&c. Part IV. 
 
 Apr. 3 - 1679- The firft of this kind was made by Mon- 
 fieur Baldwin, a German Lawyer who gave it the Name 
 above, but with no direction for the making of it. Nor 
 doth he fo much as mention the Materials. 
 
 I call it Solid , to didinguifh it from two Liquid kinds. 
 The Author of one, fuppofed to be Mr. Ban. Kraft. The 
 other invented by the Honourable Mr. Boyle $ which He 
 calls the Aerial Nociiluca =, and whereof He hath lately 
 published an excellent Bifcourfe. In who (c Laboratory, the 
 folid kind was alfo made by his direction, feveral ways. 
 
 Of the Procefs for This here, Dr. Stare fome years fince 
 received a hint from Dr. Cbrijiian Conner ding., Arcbiater to 
 the Duke of Zell. And not hearing of any one, amongit 
 many that have try’d, belides thcfe Three, to have fuc- 
 ceeded in the making of it, he hath imparted the following 
 Account. 
 
 Take good firm Chalk, ignite it in a Crucible , and then , 
 powder it. Put into a pint or half a pint of drong Spirit of 
 Nitre, Cochleatim , as much hereof, as will ferve well to fati- 
 ate it, i. e. till it becomes fweetiih, and makes no Efervefcence 
 upon the injection of the Chalk Then dilute this Liquor 
 with fair Water, filtre it through a Paper, and fo evaporate 
 it 111 a large Glafs, or glazed VefTel, or good Ha fan Crucible 
 to a dry Salt. The preparation whereof may be perform’d 
 in four hours: whereas I have feen a Pocefs, that would take 
 as many Weeks to follow it. 
 
 The main bufinefs lies in the good Enchirefis 5 about 
 which thefe feveral Directions mud be carefully ob- 
 ferv’d. 
 
 Fird you mud prepare a VefTel of Clay, fomewhat like 
 a (hallow Cofee-Bijh , of three, four, or five inches in Dia- 
 metre, and an inch in depth, very well baked and neal d. 
 Then place it under a Muffle, after the manner of a Refining 
 Furnace, in the place where the Cuppels ufually dand: and 
 fo make it red hot. Then put the prepared Salt into it, by 
 little and little, not above 3i ff- or 3ij at a time. Keep the 
 fire to that degree, which will fudice to make the Salt boil 
 in the Dilh, fo as to fpread it felf every way, and creep up 
 the Tides of it. Before the Salt, lad put in,’be confumed, be 
 fure always to be ready, to make a new addition, otherwife 
 your labour fo far is loll, and you mud begin again. 
 
 When 
 
p A r T IV. Of Things relating to Chymiftryf&t, 355 
 
 When five or fix Drachms are fum’d away, take the Diih 
 nitnbly out of the fire, fo foon as the Salt laft put in is dry. 
 
 If you have wrought well, what remains in the Dilh will 
 be yellowilh in fome parts, and every yellow part will ihine. 
 
 Secure this Matter from the Air by fitting and cementing 
 a Glafs to it: otherwife it will loofe its property 11a one 
 
 Week. , ^ 
 
 As to the Caufe of this ftrange Phenomenon, Dr .blare 
 
 continues to this effect. I (hall in Ihort offer my Thoughts, 
 and refer them to your Judgment. TwoQueftions may 
 arife: What it is in this Mixture that yields the light ? and, 
 
 How it doth it ? As to the firft, I take it to be the pure fiery 
 part of the Spirit of Nitre embraced by the Chalk For 
 that the reft is weak and phlegmatick 5 as appears, if it be 
 diftilfd Alfo, that about the end of the Operation, a black 
 Fume begins to rife and fly away. That it by continuing 
 the Dilh too long in the fire, you drive all the Nitrous parts 
 ► away, the Chalk which flays behind will not be luminous 
 Or if the Matter duly prepar’d, be expofed to the Air, and 
 thereby prey’d upon, the fame effect will follow. 
 
 As to the Second, I fuppofe, That it (lames not by Imbi¬ 
 bition of Light, but by Impreflion from it, from whence 
 proceeds a motion therein productive of Light. Which 
 we may the rather be induced to believe, In that if it be 
 put into an Iron Cover, and then an Iron Box, and a good 
 heat given to it, it will fhine fo vigoroufly as to feern to 
 kindle the Air about it. That two Men by following their 
 blow clofe, will make a Bar of Iron glow, or fhine in the 
 dark. And although the Impulfe of Light may feem finally 
 yet upon Bodies nearly related to it, as This feemstobe, it 
 appears to be great. As in thofc odd effects it fometimes 
 hath upon Infants unus’d to it 5 and People that have fore 
 Eyes; or have been newly Couch’d 3 as it happen d to 
 Dr. C a file fometime fince, who by making bold with his 
 Eyes too early, ( i. e. by a too frequent admiflion of light 
 to them,) after that Operation, did thereupon fuff er fuch 
 extreme pains, and mifclnef in his Eyes, that he now difpairs 
 
 of ever feeing more. , A 
 
 Mr. Haac (a\ faith he, hath frequently repeated the 
 following Experiment upon this Phofphorm. If it be ex- nmm H p on 
 pofed to the Morning Light a little before Sun nfing, it 
 r Zz 2 prefents J 5 s 
 
35 6 Things relating to Chymiftryj&c . Part IV, 
 
 prefents a bright Rofy hugh. As the Sun approaches the 
 Meridian , it advances to a higher and more firey Com¬ 
 plexion, like that of a red hot Iron. A little after Sun-fet 
 declines to a pale wan colour, like Chalky, or rather Mother 
 of Pearl. 
 
 Expos’d, faith he, to the light of a Candle, or flaminp- 
 Fagot, it receives a pale Luminous colour, as from the 
 Sun towards fetting. But being expos’d for a confiderable 
 time to the moll clear Moonfhine that I have feen in Lon¬ 
 don, I could not perceive it to become Luminous in the 
 lead. 
 
 It hath been kept, faith he, in the Vacuum of my Great 
 and Noble Patron, the Honourable Mr. Boyle called Vacu¬ 
 um Boyleanum, and by his Highnefs Prince Rupert and Him- 
 lelf obferv’d, for above four or five months, without any 
 diminution of its Ihining property. 
 
 He adds, That he hath lately found a way to affix this 
 Shining Matter to Glafs, whereby fome not unpleafing 9 
 Experiments may be made. Thus far Dr. Slate. 
 
 As to his Ingenious Conjectures of the Subject and 
 Caufe of Light in this Phofphorm • becaufe he hath defired 
 my Opinion, I fhall therefore fubjoyn it in a few lines. 
 
 As to the firft, What it is which gives the Light: It 
 feems hard to fay, Whether it be the Cretaceous Salt, the 
 Nitrous Salt , or fome Igneous Particles incorporated with 
 them in the Operation ? It is plain, That one way or other 
 they do all concur to produce it. 
 
 As to the Queftion, How thefe Particles give light ; It 
 ffiould firft be ftated, What Light is 5 Whether it be a 
 Body ? Which, though much difputed, yet in ftridt fpeak- 
 mg, is an abfurd Queftion ; all one, as to ask, Whether a 
 Quality, be a Body ? But the meaning of the Queftion is 
 or ought to be, Whether there be any Body in Nature,' 
 which is the peculiar fubjecT of Light, or metonymicaUy 
 may be called Light ? Or whether more Bodies than one, 
 may fucceffively be the immediate fubjecT thereof? If fo’ 
 Whether it be any other Adjunct befides Motion ? If only 
 Motion, Whether as there is one peculiar Motion, at leaf I 
 lor a Mufical found, fo another for Light ? And in regard 
 t lc ]i e ff f° me Experiments which feem to favour each of 
 thefe Queftions : fuch an Anfwer ftould be given as will 
 
 cor- 
 
Part IV. And 3 \[atural Philtfophy, 357 
 
 correfpond with all thofe experiments 3 and will be too long 
 to fuit with this Catalogue. 
 
 I fhall here only fay, I am inclined to believe, That, in 
 this Cafe, all the three Bodies above mention’d ferve toge¬ 
 ther to compofe an Apt Recipient of that which is the 
 true Luminous Body. That, as in the mixture of Sulphur 
 and Water , fulphurious Salts , of affinity with both, are 
 ufed as a medium: fo here, the Cretaceous Parts ferve to 
 fix the Nitrous 5 and the Nitrous, to fix the Igneous 3 being 
 of a middle nature and readily incorporated with them 
 both. And being in this union expofed to the Sun Beams, 
 or other Light, the Igneous parts ferve,for feme time, to re¬ 
 tain a certain portion of fuch as are Luminous, or to give, 
 as I may fay, a degree of Fixation to Thefe alfo: and that 
 therefore this Mixture is kindled or made to fhine,by puting 
 it into the Light,as a flick is made to burn, by puting it into 
 the fire. 
 
 * Of fhining Flefh, fee a Relation of forne Remarkable 
 Circumftances, made by Dr. J. Beal, and published in the 
 Phil. Tranf. (a) CAN. 125, 
 
 Of Inflruments relating to fj\fatural Philofophy. 
 
 A N AIRE-PUMP 3 or an Engine to exhauft the Air out 
 
 of any YelTel fitly applied.Contrived and defenbed (b) <A) Expert, 
 by the Honourable Rob. Boyle Efq,. Who hath alfo made 
 therewith, and publifhed in feveral Tracts, a great variety >yk of the 
 of accurate and inft rue five Experiments. t S h p "^. of 
 
 A Great CONDENSING ENGINE of Brafs 3 con¬ 
 trived to ram and crowd a great quantity of Air into a 
 little room. Whereto is alfo fitted an Iron Gun or 
 Barrel. 
 
 A Little CONDENSING ENGINE of Glafs, with a 
 Brafs-Neck, Rammer and Valve fitted to it. 
 
 A WEATHER CLOCK. Begun by Sir Chr. Wren, (c) (V> See iaa. 
 now Prefident of the Royal Society. To which other f 0 fdyf° yd 
 Motions have fince been added, by Alt. Robert Hoohje-w- 
 Profefforof Geometry mGrefham-Colledge. Who purpofes 
 to publifh a Defcription hereof. I lhall therefore only take 
 
 notice, 
 
35 8 
 
 Natural Philofopby. 
 
 Part IV. 
 
 (a) See bis 
 Lampus, 
 
 p. 14. 
 
 (b) Ibid. 
 Tab.3,Fig4 
 
 notice. That it hath fix or feven Motions ; which he fup- 
 pofeth to be here advantagioufly made altogether. Firft a 
 Pendulum Clock, which goes with * of a 100 lib. weight, 
 and moves the greateft part of the work. With this, a 
 Barometre, a Thermometre 5 a Rain-Meafure , fuch an one as 
 is next defcrib’d ; a Weather-Cocky to which fubferves a 
 piece of Wheel-Work analogous to away Wifer i and a 
 Hygrofcope. Each of which have their Regefter , and the 
 Weather-Cock, hath Two 5 one for the Points, the other for 
 the Strength of the Wind. All working upon a Paper fall¬ 
 ing off of a Howler which the Clock alfc turns. 
 
 An Inftrument for MEASURING the quantity of 
 RAINS that fall in any fpace of time, on any piece of 
 Ground, as fuppofe upon one Acre in one year. Con¬ 
 trived by Sir chrijlopher Wren. In order to the Theory of 
 Vapours, Rivers, Seas, &c. A triangular Tin-Velfel hang¬ 
 ing in a Frame, as a Bell, with one Angle lowermoft. 
 From whence one fide rifes up perpendicular, the other 
 fioaped ; whereby the water, as it fills, fpreads only on one 
 fide from the centre, till at length it fills and empties it 
 Pelf- Which being done, a leaden poife, on the other fide, 
 immediately pulls it back to fill again. 
 
 The Model of an Iron Inftrument to fetch Earth, or 
 other Bodies, from the bottom of the Sea 5 made with fe- 
 veral Valves and Springs to open and fhut it for that pur- 
 pofe. Contriv’d by Mr. Hook 
 
 A LAMP-FURNACE. By the fame Perfon. Towards 
 the bottom is a partition with a hole in the middle 5 below 
 which, Hands a Veflel of Oil with a Wick, and a Cork to 
 float it, fo as to ftand within the Paid hole. Over this is 
 placed a Pan, vig. with the bottom about two inches di- 
 llant from the partition. Within which, is fine Sand. 
 Defignd for the hatching of Eggs, in order to obferve 
 the Procefs of Generation. As alfo for digefting of Li¬ 
 quors. 
 
 A pair of Semicylindrick LAMPS. Contrived, defcrib’d, 
 ( a ) and delineated (b) by the fame Perfon. Defign’d, 
 for the poyfing the Liquor which is to feed the Flame, 
 fo as to keep the furface thereof always at the fame height, 
 till it be all confum’d. And thereby not only to fecure, 
 that it never defert the Flame, and fo to fave Attendance: 
 
 but 
 
Part IV. Natural Pbilofopby. 
 
 359 
 
 but alfo to keep the Flame of equal drength, for all fuch 
 purpofes as require it. 
 
 The MODEL of an EYE. In which the Humours are 
 reprefented by Glades of an anfwerable Figure. 
 
 A BURNING-GLASS, about half a foot in Diametre 
 
 A HOLLOW BURNING-GLASS. That is to fay, two 
 thin concave GlaiFes fet together, and fo to be fill’d up with 
 water when it is us’d. About the fame bignefs as the 
 former: but burneth not altogether fo ftrongly.Contrived 
 and given by Dr. John Wilkins late Bifhop of Chejier. 
 
 A Large MICROSCOPE, with three Glalfes, and feve- 
 ral Screws to fit it for all manner of pofitions. It magni¬ 
 fies the Area of the Object to above a hundred times the ex¬ 
 tent thereof to the bare Eye. 
 
 A Leiler MICROSCOPE, fomewhat more managable 
 than the former. 
 
 The advantage of one with more GlafFes, is that it takes 
 in a bigger Object, or a greater part of it. Of one with 
 a fingle Glafs, that it ihews the Object clearer. So that to 
 have a didinct reprefentation of it, ’tis convenient to make 
 ufe of both. Of the latter kind, I have feen feveral made 
 by Air. John Mailing in this City, not only with melted, 
 but with Ground-Glades fo very fmall, that one of thefe 
 Ground-Glades being weighed in the AJfay-Scales in the 
 Tower , was found not above the fourfeorth part of a 
 Grain. The Diametre or Chord >V h part of an inch. 
 Another, fo fmall, that thofe Scales were not nice enough 
 to weigh it. The Chord hereof to that of the former, 
 is as two to three. Thefe are the cleared and bed that ever 
 Ifaw. 
 
 An OTOCOUSTICK,or Indrument to help the hearing, 
 made of Ivory. In fhape like a Funnel , faving that the Abfe 
 is bended for the more convenient application to the Ear, 
 and reception of the found. Given likewife by Bifhop 
 Wilkins. 
 
 Another of Copper, funnel’d at one end, as the former, 
 and alfo belly’d in the middle. 
 
 A Third of Tin, of a Conick. Figure, and with a Cochlea 
 within it. The bed of all the three, is the fird. 
 
 A Pair of HYDROSTATICK Scales. Ufed, amongd 
 other purpofes,to examine the fpecifick Gravity of Bodies. 
 
 A 
 
560 Of Things relating to Mathematical,&c. Part IV. 
 
 A Box of ANATOMICK Inftruments ; fc. Sam, Steel 
 and Ivory Knives, Chizels, a Forceps, a Leaver, a Tenter , a 
 Sirynge, Pipes, Probes, and Needles. 
 
 Sect. II. 
 
 Of Things relating to the MATHEMATICKS j 
 and fame MECHANICKS. 
 
 TO Afironomy. A REFLECTING TELESCOPE. Con- 
 trived by Mr. Ifaac Newton, Profeffor of the Mathe- 
 maticks at Cambridge. Whereby not only the cumber and 
 charge of other Telescopes is avoided 5 one of thefe lefs than 
 a foot long, magnifying as much as another of fix feet : 
 but the Objedt likewife, both by a more regular Refradtion, 
 and a lefs expence of Rays, is much more clearly repre- 
 fented. 
 
 It confifts of a Tube open towards the Objedt, and clofe 
 at the other end. Where is placed a Metallbie Concave , 
 inftead of an Objeci-Glafs. Near the other end, a flat Spe¬ 
 culum, alfo of Metal 5 placed obliquely towards a fmall 
 Eye-Glafs 5 fc. upon that point of the Tubes Axis, on which 
 the perpendicular falls from the faid Eye-Glafs. So that the 
 Rays coming from the Objedf, firft fall upon the Concave 5 
 are thence refledted to the flat Speculum, thence to the Eye- 
 Glafs, and through that deliver'd to the Obfervers Eye. 
 The Authors Defcription hereof at large 3 together with a 
 Difcourfe of the Materials which are or may be thought 
 fitteft for the Speculums 5 a Table of Apertures and Charges 
 for feveral lengths ; As alfo Mr. Hugens de Zulichems Re¬ 
 marques on the fame; fee in the Phil. Tranfaftions. (a) 
 
 Arithmetic 4 An Inftrumcnt for working Queftions by 
 Multiplying and Dividing. Contriv'd by Mr. Hook, Who 
 purpofes to give the Defcription hereof himfelf. 
 
 Geography. A WAY-WISER. Given by Wilkins. 
 Tis very manageable. It hath five Indexes pointing to fb 
 many different Meafures,/c. Perches, Furlongs, Miles, Tens 
 of Miles, and Flundreds of Miles; and turn'd about with 
 as many Wheels. Made to Work in a Coach, thus 5 In 
 
 the 
 
Pa r t IV. Of Things relating to Mathematic]^ g&c. 361 
 
 the middle of the Axletree is cut a little Box to receive the 
 Wifer: from whence the Axeltree is made hollow to the end. 
 
 In this hollow lies a Rod, loofe from the Axletree,md fallen d 
 at one end to the Nave of the Wheel, and fo turns round with 
 it. And with a Worm it hath at the other end,at the fame time, 
 it turns the Perch Wheel of the Wifer,and that all the rell.Yet 
 by this meafure, 1 yard will fometimes be loft in a 100 yards. 
 
 Architecture. A Model of a GeometricT FLAT FLOOR. 
 
 Given by the forementioned Perfon. Contrived and deli¬ 
 neated (a) by Dr. J. Wallis Profeflor of Geometry at Oxford. 
 
 Who was pleas’d to give me the following Account, as an 
 Abftract oi that he hath formerly publifhed hereof, (a) M See bn 
 
 I did firft, faith the Doctor, Contrive and Delineate It in f u J "cap f' 
 theY ear, 1644. a t Queens-Colledge in Cambridge. When Pr0 P- ,D - 
 afterwards I was made Profelfor of Geometry at Oxford, F,& 2+? ' 
 about the Year, 1650. I caufed it to be framed of fmall 
 pieces of Wood, reprefentmg fo many pieces of Timber 5 
 prepar’d by Mr. Rainsford a Joyner in Oxford, and put toge¬ 
 ther by my felf. 
 
 This I (hewed foon after to divers in Oxford, and particu¬ 
 larly to Dr. Wilkins, then Warden of Wadham-Colledge in 
 Oxford. Who was fo well pleafed with it, that he caufed 
 another to be made for himfelf, according to that Pattern, 
 
 Which he kept by him for many years, and afterwards pre- 
 fented to the Royal Society. 
 
 After the King’s Reftauration, I caus’d another to be 
 made; and, in the Year, 1660. prefcnted it to his Majefty; 
 who was well pleas’d with it, and caufed it to be repofited in 
 his Clofet. 
 
 On the Model firft mention’d, I Read two Publique 
 Ledures at Oxford , on the Refers of the Publique ACt: the 
 one, in the Year, 1652. as to the Conftruction of it; the 
 other, in the Year, 1653. as to the computation of what 
 weight every Joynt of it fuftains; whereby it might be the 
 better judged how far it may be fafely pracbfed. The 
 greateft weight charged on any one Joynt, doth not 
 amount to Ten-times the weight of one Beam : And the 
 greateft weight bor’n by any one Beam; not to feventeen 
 times its own weight: and even this, not laid all on the 
 fame part, but diftributed to feveral parts of it. The futn 
 of thefc two Lectures, is to be feen in the Sixth Chapter of 
 my Book de Motu. A a a A 
 
2 6 2 Of Tkings relating to Mathematichg&c. Part IV, 
 
 A Third Lecture , much to the fame purpofe, I read. 
 May, 1699- in the fame place, before the prefent Grand 
 Duke of Tufcany , who honoured the Univerfity with a 
 Vifit, and me with his Prefence at that Lecture. After 
 which, he was pleafed very particularly to confidcr both 
 the Delineation and Model, and declared himfelf very well 
 pleafed with it, 
 
 The contrivance is obvious to the Eye. The outfides re- 
 prefent the Walls of the Building on which this Flat Floor 
 or Roof is to be laid. The Beams next adjoyning to the 
 fides, have one end lodged on thofe Walls; the other end 
 fuftained by another Beam, lying crofs; both ends of 
 which, are in like manner fuftained by other crofs Beams ; 
 and thofe again by others; till they reach the other Walls. 
 So that no one of them can fall, unlefs the Walls fail, or the 
 Beams break: all mutually fuftaimng each other without 
 any Pillar or Prop to fupport them , befides tl,ie outer 
 Walls. 
 
 The Models I caufed to be made, and that of the Royal 
 Society in imitation thereof,are in Breadth, about four times 
 as much as the Length of the longeft Beam. But may be 
 continu’d, at pleafure,to farther breadth, as (hall be thought 
 fit. With this Caution: That the farther the Work is 
 continu’d, the greater Weight will be charged on every 
 Joint; especially near the middle. And though in this 
 Model, no one Beam is charged with fo much as feventeen 
 times its own weight: yet if the Work be continu’d to a 
 greater breadth, the proportional Weight will be thereby 
 increafed. And therefore muft be limited, according to 
 the ftrength of Timber, able to bear more or fewer times 
 its own weight. 
 
 I do not know, that yet it hath been reduced to prachfc, 
 in more than four Pieces, in this Form. Such is 
 one of the Floors in the Tower of the Publique 
 Schools at Oxford: the Breadth whereof, to the 
 Length of the Beams, is as three to two. But 
 may doubtlefs be continu’d much further: efpecially in 
 fuch a Roof or Floor, as is not to bear much more than its 
 own weight. 
 
 Thus, forinftance, a Bowling-Green oil near an Acre of 
 Ground, may be cover’d with a Frame of long llender 
 
 pieces, 
 
 prachfc, 
 
Part IV. Of Things relating to Mathematich i s,&c. 363 
 
 pieces, without any other Prop than on the Tides, for 
 Vines, or other like Plants to run upon, To as to ihade the 
 whole. 
 
 Note here, That whereas the ends of the feveral pieces 
 are to lie upon thofe that crofs them, about the middle 
 thereof 5 it will be neceflary at every Joynt to abate both 
 pieces half way, or near it 5 that one may be thus let into 
 the other, and the whole reduced to a Flat. But whether 
 fuch piece, fo abated doth end even with that on which it 
 lies, or doth lie over fomewhat beyond it 5 is indifferent. 
 
 And though That may feem more elegant 5 This, perhaps, 
 may be fitter for ufe. 
 
 Each piece, I fay, muff be fo abated half way, or near 
 it. For, whereas thofe Beams, efpecially if of a confidera- 
 ble length, will, with the weight, bow a little 5 if this abate¬ 
 ment be fomewhat lefs than half way, (whereby without 
 fuch bowing, the whole would fomewhat rife in the mid¬ 
 dle ) it will by fuch bowing be reduced to a Flat. 
 
 Notealfo, That a Frame thus contriv’d, needs neither 
 Nail nor Pin 5 the feveral pieces fattening,as well as fupport- 
 ing one another .Yet,if it be to bear a great weight more than 
 its own; it will be convenient to fatten each Joynt with 
 Pins 5 and, if need be, to ftrengthen it with Iron-Plates , or 
 line it with other pieces of Timber , to be fatten’d with Iron- 
 Bolts 5 to make amends for what is weaken’d by the abate¬ 
 ments at the Joynts: which will make the whole Frame 
 exceeding ftrong. 
 
 A Model of a Double Winding STAIR-CASE. The 
 Foot of one is oppofite to that of the other; whereby 
 both make a parallel afeent, and within the fame Cylinder. 
 
 The Newel or Column in the Centre , is hollow, and built 
 with long Apertures, to convey Light, from Candles placed 
 at the bottom, and on the Tides of the Newel, into both 
 the Cafes. 
 
 Another, of a Tingle one, with a folid Column or Newel. 
 
 Navigation. A Model of the Hull of a DOUBLE-BOT- 
 TOM’D SHIP. Contrived by Sir William Pettey. 
 
 It hath two Heads, two Ruders, two Keels, two Holds, 
 and a Vacancy between them. 
 
 From Stem to Stem, four feet and feven inches long. 
 
 The Deck., about four Feet. From the foremott Rib to 
 
 A a a 2 the 
 
3 6 \ Of Things relating to Matbematichg,&c. Part IV 
 
 the Rudder, three Feet and feven Inches. The Keel three 
 Feet and about five Inches. 
 
 The Beam or breadth of the Ship, fixteen inches, or 
 with rcfpcct to the Keel , as two to five. 
 
 The height of the Round-Houfe, or the Room in the place 
 of it, three inches and i Of the Great Cabin , three inches. 
 Of the Fore-Cajlle , as much. The depth of the Waft an 
 inch and i Of the Holds , fix inches and i. Each of them 
 four inches broad. The Vacancy between them, eight 
 inches over. Their inner fides not belly d, but plain,and per¬ 
 pendicular. 
 
 Thefe are the principal Meafures 5 which I thought fit to 
 fet down. The great Advantages of this Form, with re- 
 fpect either to the Speed, theCourfe, the Safety of the Ship, 
 or otherwife, I leave to the Authors own excellent Hand, 
 from whom is expected a particular Account hereof 
 
 An INSTRUMENT, contrived by Sir Chriftopher Wren , 
 to dcmonltrate, How far againft the Wind a Ship may 
 Sail. Shewing , that the Mechanical Power , to which 
 Sailing (efpecially againft the Wind) is reducible, is a 
 Wedge: And that a Tranfient Force upon an Oblique Rlane 
 will caufe the motion of the Plane , againft the firft 
 Mover. 
 
 A TERELLA, or an Orbicular Load/lone, about four 
 inches and i in Diametre, with the one half immerfed in 
 the Centre of a Plane and Horizontal Table 5 fo as to be like 
 a Globe with the Poles in the Horizon. Together with 32 
 Needles upon the Margin of the Table. By which the dif¬ 
 ferent rcfpcct of the Needle to the feveral Points of the 
 Loadjlojie 5 the reduction of the Filings of Steel to Helical 
 Lines , or near them , by the Magnetick, Effluvia 5 and 
 other particulars may be obferv’d. Contriv'd by the fame 
 Perfon. 
 
 Two DIPPING-NEEDLES. Defigned for the taking 
 of Longitudes. 
 
 A CANOO. Given by Mr. Hocl<?iel. A fort of Boat fo 
 called, ufed in Greenland, and fome other places. Figur’d 
 almoft like a Weavers Shuttle. The Wooden-Work is 
 made up of five flender pieces, running by the length : 
 one, which is round at the bottom or in the place of the 
 Keel ; and two flat ones in each fide : Made fteady with 
 
 final! 
 
Part IV. OfThings relating io Mathematic}^ y &c. 365 
 
 fmall bended pieces, fet or pricked in crofs-ways, inffead 
 of Ribs: and fo ty’dall together with Fin-Whale-Bone. , 
 
 This Wooden-Work is cover'd all over, both below and 
 above, with Seal-Skins , fewed together with Leathern- 
 Thongs. Saving, that towards the middle, is an Oval Hole, 
 encompalfed with a Rim about four inches high, big 
 enough for a man to lit down in. 
 
 In length, feventeen feet. From'the Centre of the faid Hole 
 or Seat, forward,'Ten feet 5 from thence,backward,feven. In 
 breadth at the Seat, a foot and i In depth, backward, feven 
 inches and 1; forward, a foot ; becaufe of the mans feet. 
 
 And the Boat feems thereby to be carried forward with the 
 more eafe: as a Coach, in being hung higher behind. The 
 whole Boat is anfwerable to a great Bladder, in which, 
 though the Waves daih and beat over it never fo much, the 
 man Hill fits fafe. 
 
 He makes ufe but of one Dare, about nine feet long. 
 
 Made of AJh, and ihaped fomewhat anfwerable to a flrong 
 Bow. In the middle, an inch and I thick, and an inch and 
 * broad, by the Horizontal meafure: towards both ends, 
 about 4 of an inch thick, and two inches and I broad, by 
 the Vertical. At each end is fallen d a Facile, here wanting. 
 
 This Oare he holds in the middle, and Rowing with both 
 ends alternately, makes it ferve inllead of two. 
 
 War. A GUN affixed to an Iron Triangle; the middle 
 of the Gun, to one of the Angles 5 and the Breech, to the 
 middle of the fubtended fide: and fo to be fallen d to a Floor 
 or Heady Frame, either at all the three Corners, or only at 
 one of the hinder. Contriv’d by my Lord Vicount 
 Brouncher , for the making of Experiments of the RE- 
 COY TIN G of Guns. Delineated in the Hiftory of the 
 Royal Society, (a) Together with the Experiments made (•) Part aj 
 herewith by his Lordlhip 5 firft before the End Society , p- 233 ‘ 
 and afterwards before the King: fet down in a Table of 
 five Columns. The Firll Ihewing the Corner Hoped from 
 Recoyling; the Second, the different Charges of Powder; 
 the Third, the Dillances to which the Bullet was carry’d 
 wide of the mark; the Fourth, the fide on which it was 
 carry’d; the Laff, the diffance of the Mark from the Muz¬ 
 zle of the Gun. As alfo, the Caufes afligned by his Lordlhip, 
 for the particulars moll obfervable. 
 
5 66 Of Things relating to Mathematic^ ,&c. Part IV. 
 
 An ASSAYER to. try the ftrength of Gun-powder. Con¬ 
 triv’d by his Highnefs Prince Rupert. Compos’d of two 
 flat, upright and parallel Stands of Bra/s, about a foot and 
 * high, with a fhallow Indenture on both their inner edges. 
 Upon the Bafe on which they ftand, and between them, is 
 placed a Powder-Pan. Over which, a Slider , with a thin 
 Plate-Spring , which plays againft the End Teeth, and two 
 Arms for the charging it with weight at pleafure. The 
 ftronger the Powder is, it forceth the Slider to a greater 
 height. 
 
 A WIND-GUN. Given by Dr. Wilkins late Bilhop of 
 Chefter. Compofed of two Barrels, one within another. 
 To which is fitted a Rod to charge it with Air. At the 
 Breech, where the two Barrels are open one into the other, 
 is placed a Value , to admit the Air into the outer Barrel, as 
 the Rod drives it, and to keep it there. 
 
 A Seven-SHOT GUN, or a Gun which carries Pow¬ 
 der and Bullets, for feven Charges and Difcharges to be 
 made prefently one after another. Given by Dudly Palmer 
 Efq$. Under the Breech of the Barrel, is one Box for the 
 Powder. A little before the Lock, another for the Bullets. 
 Behind the Cock, a Charger: which carries the Powder 
 from the Box to a Funnil at the further end of the Lock 5 
 opens one Valve to let it into the Barrel, and the Prinnng- 
 Pan ; another, to let in the Bullet after it; raifes the Cock 5 
 and lets down the Steel; all at one time. 
 
 An Indian Poyfon’d DAGGER. About I a yard long. 
 The Hilt is a fort of Wood, as firm as Box. Very curioufly 
 carved into a kind of Antique Head. The Neck, by which 
 it joyns to the Blade , plated with Gold. , and embos’d with a 
 Ring in the middle, in which is fet fome fmall fparks of 
 Gems. The Blade about 14 inches long, and an inch 
 broad about the middle 5 waved in the manner of fomc 
 Swords hung up for Signs, and much expanded next the 
 Hilt , the better to flay the Hand : where it is alfo curioufly 
 Damask’d with Gold. But every where elfe with white 
 flounfh’d Work of the colour of Silver. Saving both the 
 Edges, which are left naked , and are very fharp. But 
 that which is moft obfervable is the Scabbard ', which is one 
 entire piece of Wood (near the colour of the belt Walnut) 
 with a Cavity cut down to the bottom of it anfwerable 
 to the Blade. A 
 
Part IV. Of Things relating to Mathematicl^s f&c. 367 
 
 A TAMAHAUKE, or Brafilian Eighting-CLUB. Made 
 of Bra file- W ood. About an Eln long. The Handle, above 
 two inches and ' broad 5 in the middle, two • and four at 
 the other end. Hath two double or fquare Edges * of an 
 inch thick. The broad end wrought on both lides with 
 two Tables or Areas of fmall lines obliquely eroded, and 
 fill'd up with a chalky fubdance to make them appear. In 
 the middle of which, feems to be a rude Reprefentation 
 of fome one of their Idols , whofe help they expect. 
 
 A Weft-Indian TARGET. Given by II. Whifilef 
 Efq;- 
 
 A Weft-Indian BOW, ARROWS, and QUIVER. The 
 Bow is made of AJh. Near two yards long. In the middle, 
 not an inch broad, but high-back’d and belly’d, fc. above 
 an inch, as our Bows. But betwixt the middle and the 
 ends, ol a different fbape, fc. above an inch and I broad, 
 and not much above 1 an inch thick. The firing made of 
 a fort of Catgut ; but confiding of three of them hard 
 twifled together, looks like thick Packthread. 
 
 Some of the Arrows are almoil an Eln long. • Made of a 
 fine fort of unjoynted and hollow Cane 5 about the thick- 
 nefs of one of our Arrows, and feather’d in the fame man¬ 
 ner. The Notch fortify’d with a Swath of fplit Quill , made 
 rite with a fine fort of flew. In the other end of the Cane, is 
 fallen d a brown Stick, about feven or eight inches long, 
 and the Cane there kept firm from cracking, with a Swath 
 and Clew, as the Notch. This Stick is ufually knoted, for 
 greater flrength: and always Arm’d. One of them, with, 
 a curious Shark’s Tooth near an inch long, and indented or 
 ferrated on both edges: a feurvy Weapon. The reft with 
 Bones, Stones, and pieces of Metal,ufually fhaped not much 
 unlike the faid Tooth. 
 
 The Quiver made of the Skin of the Bead, fomewhat 
 like the Pig-Badger. With a round piece of wood for a 
 Bottom 5 and in the middle of the wood, an Iron Wreft, to 
 keep it from the ground. 
 
 A Pot of MACASSAR POYSON. Given by Sir Phil. 
 
 Vernatti. With this the people of the IJland commonly 
 poyfon their Arrows. They have of feveral forts 5 the 
 mod dangerous faid (a) to be made of the juyee of certain ^Tavern. 
 Trees in Borneo. But in This are plainly to be feen the Legs tV'c/iT 
 
 and 
 
3 68 Chiefly of SKdechanicfy. Part IV* 
 
 ' ----7—--“-7- -■ -- 
 
 and other Parts of fome Species (tiCajitharides ; which 
 feem to be mixed with a kind of Oomfive-S'alt. 
 
 Three Cane -pieces > a foot long, fill’d with the fame 
 Poyfon. 
 
 A Siam DRUM. Given by Mr,, John Short. The Body 
 of it, as it were a great thick Neck’d Earthen-Jug, fourteen 
 inches long 5 the Belly nine over, the Neck four 5 and with 
 the Bottom out. In the place whereof is fpread a thin 
 Parchmetit, made of a Fifhes-Skjn, befet all over with final! 
 round knots in ftrait and parallel Rows. Stretched out rite 
 with numerous little Braces made of Split-Cane , all fpread 
 over the Belly of the Jug, and very curioufly platted toge¬ 
 ther at both their ends. The Neck of the Jug flourifli’d 
 round about with a Mould. Both this and the Belly co¬ 
 ver’d with a black Vamijh 5 and the Neck alfo with Red*. 
 G reen, and Gilt. 
 
 SECT. III. 
 
 Chiefly of MECHAjKfJCKS. Relating to 
 
 T Rade. An Arabian BALSAME-BOTTLE. Given by 
 Thomas Henfhaw Efcp. ’Tis two feet high, and near 
 an Eln in compafs. Shaped like a Long-Neck, ufed in 
 a Reverberating Furnace. Examining it well, I find it made 
 neither of Glafs, Earth, Wood, or any Vegetable Body 5 but 
 only of Leather and Parchments. The inmoft Parchment, 
 as thick as that us’d by Scriveners. Next to which, is ano¬ 
 ther, as thick as the beft Cordovan-Leather 5 but as fturdy as 
 Whale-Bone. Next to This, another like the Inmoft. Over 
 all, is very titely and curioufly few’d a Cover of tan’d Lea¬ 
 ther. The top of the Neck hath a Ring or Collar , made only 
 with raming in a kind of Gummy Earth very hard between 
 the middle and the utmoft Skin. The Stople made of Fir- 
 wood. So much of the B aflame which flicks to the fides of 
 the Bottle, is of an extraordinary fragrancy; and feems 
 not inferior to that which fome Brugifts fell under the 
 Name of the Balm of Gilead. 
 
 ASS AI-SCALES, included in a Cafe with Glafs Panels 5 
 to weigh with, out of the Air. A 
 
Part IV. Of Mechanic}^. 369 
 
 A China STATERA, in the form of a Steel-Yard. The 
 Chinefes carry it about them, to weigh their Gems, and 
 the like. The Beam or Tard is of Wood, round, l of an 
 inch over, and a foot in length. Upon it are Three Rules 
 of Meafure, made of fine Silver-Jludded Work., as in 
 Watch-Cafes. One of the Rules is divided into inches 5 and 
 every inch into (25) equal parts. The other Two are alfo 
 divided into equal parts 3 but not into inches. They all 
 begin from the end of the Beam: whence, the. Firft is ex¬ 
 tended (8) inches 3 the Second, 6;; the Third, 8 The 
 firft, is our Europe- Meafure 3 the other two, I take to be 
 the Chi -Meafure,and that of fomc other Country trading 
 with them. 
 
 At the other end of the /Ay/ hangs a round Scale , mark¬ 
 ed with a fquare Seal of China- Characters. At Three feve- 
 ral Diftances from this end, are fallen d fo many flender 
 firings. The Firft Diftance makes l ths of an inch 5 the 
 Second, is double to the Firft, or an inch and 3 the Third, 
 two inches and 
 
 When they weigh any thing, they hold up the Yard by 
 forne one of thefe three firings, and fo hang a fealed weight 
 (about an Ounce and '* Troy-weight) upon forne point of the 
 Rule , as the Tiling requires.. ’Tis kept in a Cafe fitted to it, 
 alrnofl like a Dancing-Mafier’s Kit. There is one like to this 
 in the Mufaeum Romanum. (a) (a) P.34. 
 
 A Pair of WOODEN-BELLOWS. Contrived to five CoL 2< 
 Leather. Given by Sir Rob. Moray. They may be com¬ 
 pared to a Box 3 fitving, that here the Box moves, and ftrikes 
 not within, but over the Lid: and both of a fquare Figure. 
 
 The length of the Box from end to end, within, two feet. 
 
 The breadth, at the Breech, a foot and 1 3 the depth, about 
 a foot. The breadth of the Nofe-end, (even inches and i 
 The Breech-Board is bended, fo as to make part of a Zone, 
 anfwering to the Lid (which moves upon an Iron Centre or 
 Axis) as the Radius. 
 
 The Lid hath a Margin placed inward on both fides and 
 both ends. From the inner edge, to edge, longways, nine¬ 
 teen inches 5 in breadth, at the Breech, ten inches 5 at che 
 Nofe-end, four. TheNofe, of Iron, like that of an ordi¬ 
 nary pair of Bellows. The Valve, of Wood. 
 
 On the middle of the fud Margin, are two Springs on each 
 
 B b b fide 
 
37° 
 
 Of Mechanic fy. Part IV. 
 
 fide the Lid, and one at each end. Between the two Springs 
 on the fides, and at the four Corners, a kind of half Staple 
 like a Bench-Hook, Within or under which are placed 
 fquares of Wood, andby the faid Springs, kept clofe to the 
 fides of the Box, (to keep in the Air) as it plays over the 
 Lid. 
 
 A ROUPY of Silver. Given by G. Ent Efq;. 
 
 A HALF-ROUPY of Silver. By the fame Hand. Thefc 
 and divers other like Corns are currant all over the Domini¬ 
 ons of the Great Mogul. I place them here, as not relating 
 to Antiquity , but of prefent known ufe. 
 
 Several forts of Indian MONEY, called WAMPAM- 
 PE AGE. Tis made of a fort of Shell, formed into fmall 
 Cylinders, about a * of an inch long, and I th over, or 
 fomewhat more or lefs: and fo being bored, as Beads, and 
 put upon Strings, pafs among the Indians, in their ufual 
 Commerfe, as Silver and Gold amongd us. But being loofe, 
 is not fo currant. 
 
 The meaneft is in SINGLE STRINGS. Of which,here 
 is both the White and Black. By meafure, the former goes 
 at Five fhillings the Fathome ; the latter, at Ten. By Num¬ 
 ber, the former at Six a penny $ the latter, at Three. 
 
 The next in value is that which is Woven together into 
 BRACELETS about I of a yard long; Black and White, 
 m Stripes, and fix pieces in a Row 5 the Warp confiding of 
 Leathern Thongs, the Woofe of Thread. Thefe Bracelets the 
 Zanksquaes or Gentlewomen commonly wear twice or 
 thrice about their Wrifts. 
 
 The bed, is woven into GIRDLES. Of This here are 
 two forts. One about a yard long ; with fourteen pieces 
 in a Row, woven, for the mod part, into black and white 
 Squares, continu’d obliquely from edge to edge. The 
 other, not all-out fo long, but with fifteen pieces in a Row. 
 Woven into black Rhombs or Diamond-Squares, and Crojfes 
 within them. The fpaces between filled up with; white. 
 Thefe two lad, are fometimes worn as their riched Orna¬ 
 ments 5 but chiedy ufed in great Payments, edeemed their 
 Nobled Prefents, and laid up as their Treafure. 
 
 A dring of Virginian MONEY. A Row of Teeth in 
 fhape like the fore-Teeth of a Hare: all woven together, 
 
 at 
 
Part IV. Of SvLechanicffs. 
 
 371 
 
 of 
 
 ac one end, with brown twilled Thread. , into one Piece 
 a yard long. 
 
 Husbandry. The Frame of a SAFFRON KILN. Given 
 by the Honourable Charles Howard Efq;. Together with 
 a Defcription hereof 5 and the way of Planting Saffron, and 
 ordering it upon the Kiln. And by Me publilhed in the Phil. 
 Tranfadions. (a) 
 
 •The Spanifh SEMBRADORE. A Machine for Plowing, 
 equal Sowing, and Harrowing all at once. Contriv’d by 
 Donjofepb Lucaleto a Spanijh Knight. Ufed and approv’d 
 both in Spain and Germany. Given by J. E.velyn Efq^ 
 together with the Defcription extracted out of the Au¬ 
 thors Treatife hereof, and publilhed in the Phil. Tranf- 
 aliions. (b ) 
 
 A CIDER-PRESS. Defcribed alfo by Mr. Evelyn, (c) 
 Contriv’d by Mr. Hoop For better Difpatch, and thorow 
 breaking of the Apples. Confilleth chiefly of four Cylin¬ 
 ders. Thofe two, which are firit to bruife them, more di- 
 llant3 the other, to prefs out the Juyce, as clofe as will well 
 confilt with their motion. 
 
 A BOX-HIVE. Given by Sir Rob. Moray. But contrived 
 by Sir ChriftopherWren : And the Defcription hereof firit 
 publilhed ( d) in the Year, 1 6 5 2. Since then by Mr. Mofes 
 Rufden. Dellgn’d to keep them warmer, and more fafe ; 
 but efpecially, to prevent their Swarming, and the better 
 to propagate them into Colonies. 
 
 Houfwifery and Houjhold-fluff. CASSAVI-BREAD. Made 
 ot the Root of the Hyjucca Mexicana. They firit pound it, 
 ana prels out the Juyce 5 which is of a noxious (fay fome, 
 of a deadly) quality : and the Palp of the Root is reduced 
 to a Cake. Thefe Cakes they fry, or rather bake over a gen¬ 
 tle fire, and fo fet them in the Sun to dry, for their Bread. 
 The thicker Capes, called Caffavi, and eaten by the poorer 
 fort. The thiner,called Sciam Sciam, by the Rich, (e) In 
 Hier. Benzpni s time, (f) all the Ships that were bound from 
 Spain to Mexico ; when they returned, were Victualled 
 with Caffavi-Bread. That is, inftead of Bifcot. 
 
 A HAMMOCK. Like a Great Net, with feveral fmall 
 Tajfels on thelides, and two huge ones at the ends. Be¬ 
 tween which, ns fifteen feet long. The Weft, feven feet; 
 
 Bbb 2 and 
 
 (a) Nam. 
 
 138. 
 
 (b ) Num. 
 60. 
 
 (c) Appen¬ 
 dix to Po¬ 
 mona. 
 
 U)By Mr. 
 Hartlib. 
 
 (e) Aldin. 
 De leript. 
 Hort.FameC 
 Out of Mo- 
 nerdes and 
 Oviedus. 
 
 (f) Hiftor. 
 Americ. 1 .4, 
 c. 28. 
 
572 Of SKcfechanicfy. Part IV. 
 
 and about as broad. It confifteth of twilled Thread.\ as 
 thick as fmall Packthred ; made of the Barque of the Coco- 
 Tree , and of the Rind of the Nut. Not Netted; nor 
 Woven with Warp and Woofe 3 but after the manner of 
 Bobbin-Work. At both ends, the Weft gather’d up into 
 feveral fmall Ropes, and thofe at laft into greater: by 
 which it is commonly fatten’d to two Trees fome yards 
 aboveground. Thus fitted, the people in fome parts-of 
 the Indies, lie down in them, and fo bleep fecure from Ser¬ 
 pents and wild Beafts. 
 
 A Pattern of the STUFF made by the Planters in New- 
 England: the Tarn whereof theyDeyof a kind of Phi lea- 
 mot, with a Decoction of the Barque of the Butter-Nut- 
 Tree (defcnbed in the Second Part) without Alum, Coppe¬ 
 ras, or any thing elfe to Jirike the Colour. 
 
 A fort of LEATHER, as thin as that of a Kid. Of which 
 it is affirm’d, That it will keep out water better than the 
 beft Neats Leather. And I have been told, That it hath 
 been us’d in the French- Camps, fpread upon the ground, 
 for Reding. It feems to be made, by being throughly 
 foaked in a mixture of Oil and Bees-Wax. 
 
 A CUP Turn’d out of Safafras Wood. 
 
 A Little BOX Turn’d out of a Nutjhell. 
 
 A JAPAN Wooden CUP: cover’d with a RedVarnijh 
 within, and with vellowifh Flowers without, upon a Black 
 Ground. 
 
 An INDIAN-PAIL. Made of the Barque of Birch-Tree. 
 Square at the bottom, and thence riling up into a Conick 
 Form. So ingenioully contriv’d, that the Sides and Bottom 
 are all made out of one fingle piece of Barque. 
 
 An INDIAN DISH or Potager. Made alfo of the 
 Barque of a Tree, with the Sides and Rim fewed together 
 after the manner of Twiggen-Work, 
 
 Another DISH,cut out of Wood,as Hollow Ware commonly 
 is here in England. 
 
 A RUSH-BASKET. The Rujhes are partly of their Na¬ 
 tive colour, and partly deyed with a redilh and brown 
 Tawny. Very prettily woven together by the Indian Wo¬ 
 men, in ftnped and indented Work. And alfo very oddly: 
 for it feems to have a double Woofe, one on each fide the 
 Warp ; the Rujhes running on the out-fide, one way; on 
 the in-fide the contrary. A 
 
Part IV. Of Sv£echanic\\s. 
 
 A BASKET made of Porcupine-Quills. The Ground 
 is a Packthred-Caule not Netted, but Woven. Into 
 which by the Indian-Wo men are wrought, by a kind of 
 Lap-Work.i, the Quills of Porcupines , not fplit, as the 
 Perfon that fent it affirms, but of the young ones entire : 
 mixed White and Black in Even and indented Waves. 
 Efteemed by themfelves as one of their chiefeft Curio- 
 fities. 
 
 ANOTHER, made of the fame Materials; but with the 
 Quills wrought in Triangular Chequer-Work. 
 
 An Indian COMB. A Stick, whereof fomewhat more 
 than one halt is cut into three iharp and round Teeth, four 
 inches long. The other part left for the Elandle, adorned 
 with fine Straws laid along the fides, and lap/d round 
 about it, in feveral diltindt Swaths. 
 
 Cloatbs and Ornaments. An Indian PERUQUE. Made, 
 not of Hair , but Feathers, fc. black, grey, yellow, red and 
 white : all cut at the tops to the length of about five inches. 
 Saving the fore-Lock, which is made of fmall ones an inch 
 and i deep. Fallen d to a courfe Netted-Caule of Pat /<- 
 thred. 
 
 An Indian MANTLE 5 Alfo made of Feathers. Given 
 by Dr. G. Smith. About an Eln fquare. The Feathers all 
 of a Brown or Eagle- colour,fmall and wrought into a Caule 
 of Packthred. 
 
 An Indian BRACELET for the Wrifi. Made of the 
 Scarlet Feathers of the Indian Sea-Curlew (deferibed in the 
 Firff Part) Clipt fhort, and woven into a Caul of Packthred 
 two inches broad. There are alfo 1 a dozen Tufts of blew 
 Feathers in the middle, and two of Black at each end. 
 Much like the ufual Bumbaft of black Bits fewed into 
 Ermine , which our Englijh Women are made to think very 
 fine. 
 
 A Pair of Iceland GLOVES. Given by Fh. Henjhaw Efq;. 
 About i a yard long, and ? broad at the Tops.Made of Deer- 
 Skin 5 not tan d, but only dry’d, with the Hair on 5 and 
 lin’d with the fame. The Tops faced with Scarlet Serge, Em- 
 broyder’d with Flower-Work. , made of Leaden-Wyre , twilled 
 (as Silver-Wyre on Silk) upon brown Hempen Thread. I 
 call it Wyre, not becaufe it is Drawn, which this Metal 
 cannot be, but for that it is fo fmall. In the vacancies of 
 
 the 
 
 CfNl 
 
Of SVfecbanich^. Part IV. 
 
 the Work, are fee Copper-Spangles with knots of the fame 
 Wyre. 
 
 An Indian SCEPTRE. Made, as it feems, of a fort of 
 Cane. A yard long 5 and as thick as a middle walking-Cane 
 without any Joynt, and perfectly round. Confifleth of 
 hard and blackifh Cylinders, , mixed with a foft kecky Body ; 
 fo as at the end cut tranfverjly , it looks as a bundle of Wires. 
 Gilt and varnifhed all over with Flowers in Green, Red and 
 White 5 faving the two ends which are Black. 
 
 The FAN of an Indian King. Given by H. Whiftler 
 Efq;. Made chiefly of the Feathers of "Peacocks Tailes; 
 compofed into a round Form. Bound altogether with a 
 circular Rim, above a foot over, confiding of the parts of 
 certain Plants like fplit Cane. The middle flrengthend 
 and divided into fquares with crofs Bars, made of the fame 
 materials, and fome oi them deyed Red. The bottom of 
 each Square over-laid with Mofcovy-Glafs. And in the 
 middle of each, a knot of white Feathers , like the Flower 
 of a Jacynth. 
 
 A plain Indian FAN, ufed by the meaner fort. Made 
 of the fmall Aringy parts of Roots, fpread out in a round 
 flat Form, and fo bound together with a Splinter-.Hoop , 
 and flrengthend with fmall Bars on both fides. The 
 Handle painted with Japan Yarnilh, black, red, and yellow. 
 When they ufe them, they fprinkle them with fweet 
 Water, which perfumes the wafter Air. 
 
 An Indian PURSE or CASE for the Pudenda of a Man. 
 ’Tis a foot long, and clofed at the bottom. Made of 
 fmall Reeds woven together after the manner of courfe 
 Linnen. 
 
 An APRON for the Pudenda of a Woman. A* of a 
 yard deep, and fhaped like a Widows Peak. Hath two 
 tranfverfe Labels , with feveral fmall TajfePd Strings , to tie 
 it about her middle; and a great one hanging down 
 before. Made of Rujhes , and other Plants. The out-fide 
 of feveral colours, fc. white, yellow, red, tawny, and brown; 
 as flexible as any Thread. Woven in feveral Squares, and 
 T Squares in a moft exact and geometrick Order. The in- 
 fide of fmaller Rujhes, all of one colour, and the Weaving 
 uniform: as fome Silks are plain on one fide, and flowered 
 on the other. A piece of Work, which an European could 
 hardly imitate with all her Art. A 
 
Part IV. Of Mechanic's. 
 
 375 
 
 A Pair of Iceland BOOTS. Given alfo by Mr. Hen - 
 jhaw. Made of dry cl Deer-Skin, as the Gloves. Somewhat 
 above a foot long, and about a foot broad at the Tops. 
 The fmall of the Leg, above i a foot. The Foot, but 
 eleven inches. Lined with another fort of Skin, and that 
 only dry’d. The Knee faced with courfe red Cloath 5 and 
 the top of the Foot with Lifis of the fame 3 both Embroy- 
 der’d with twifted Leaden-Wyre, like that on the Gloves. On 
 the end of the Toe ,a Button made of a Leathern Thong knoted 
 in a round form, and wrought over, not with twifted, but 
 plain Leaden-Wyre. They are ftitch’d together with Cat- 
 Gut. How the people ufe them, I fee not ; for the very 
 fame Skin, which is thin, and with the Hair on, makes the 
 Sole , as well as the Top, of the Foot, and the Leg. 
 
 A SNOW-SHOOE, ufedin Greenland, and fome other 
 places. Given by Mr. Linger. A yard and i long, and in 
 the middle fifteen inches broad. Oval behind ; the fore¬ 
 end, fharp. The Margin is a piece of Wood of the breadth 
 of a Lath, reduced to the Form above-faid, and fo made 
 tite and fteady with two crofs Bars. To the Tides round 
 about, is ftretched and fatten d three pieces of woven 
 Work , refembling Net-Work 5 made of fmall Leathern 
 Thongs, in three parallel Orders, one diredtly, and two ob¬ 
 liquely tranfverfe. In the middle piece is a hole made, to 
 affix It to the Foot. 
 
 Painting. A LANDSLIP, being the Profpect of a fair 
 City, painted upon Stone. 
 
 A Natural Landslip, or Profpect of Ruinous Buildings 
 in Stone. Humour d with a Tree painted over it. 
 
 Another, with a Woman in a praying pofture. 
 
 CATOPTRICK PAINT,on a Table or Board. Given by 
 Biihop Wilkins. On one fide, the Paint looks as if it were al¬ 
 together rude and irregular, fo as nothing can be made of 
 it. But a Metalline Cylinder being placed perpendicular 
 upon a certain Point of the Table 5 the Rays are in fuch fort 
 incident thereon, and thence reflected to the Eye, as to re- 
 prefent a variety of curious Work: Jc. a Shepherd playing 
 on a Pipe b and his Wife dancing with a Child in her Arms, 
 and a Basket on her Head. 
 
 On the other fide, St. George and Don Quicksot both on 
 Horfe-back, and a Wind-Mill betwixt them. And Don 
 
 having 
 
376 Of Svtechankhf;. Part IV. 
 
 having made his Horfe leap at the Sail , his Horfe hangs 
 upon it, and himfelf is thrown to die ground. But a Me¬ 
 talline OCtogon, placed as the Cylinder , fliews St. George in 
 good pollure upon Don s Horfe, killing the Dragon. 
 
 An Inftrument to draw PERSPECTIVE with. Contriv’d 
 by Sir C hr ift of her Wren. 
 
 An Optique BOX, ufed as a help in DRAWING. 
 
 A piece of SMALT-GLASS. Ufed by Painters for 
 Picture-Frames , and other purpofes. Given by Mr. J. 
 Linger. . 
 
 The Picture of a MUSK-DEER, in Colours, and after 
 the Life. Taken in Java major, and fent from thence by 
 Sir Philiberto Vernatti. 
 
 The Picture of a BASILISK. Pretended by thofe that 
 fhew it, to be a real Animal fo call’d. But is an Artificial 
 Thing, made chiefly of the Skin of the Raja, and the Legs 
 of a Dodo, or fome great Fowl. Given by Ellis Crifp, Efq;. 
 
 The Picture of the Plant called NINSIN. The whole 
 Plant is drawn after the Life on Parchment , in Colours. 
 The Root , of a redifh yellow 5 about five or fix inches long, 
 and near as thick as a Skirret: agreeing with the De- 
 feription hereof in the Second Part of this Catalogue. The 
 Stalk as thick as a Wheaten-ftraw , and a foot high. The 
 Leaves fomewhat like thofe of the StockMilly-Flower. The 
 Flowers redifh 111 the Bud, and white when open 3 three and 
 three together, and compofed of fix round Leaves, like 
 thofe of the Round-Flower d Moly figur’d in Bauhinm, but 
 not fo big. 
 
 The Draughts of feveral Indian PLANTS on a Table. 
 In the firft place, of 
 
 The CLOVE-TREE: Together with a Branch of the 
 fame after the life: The Mother or Prolifick;Clove, from 
 which the Plants are propagated: And the Stone and Ker¬ 
 nel of the fame. Next of 
 
 The NUTMEG-TREE: Together with a Branch of the 
 fame after the life: The Fruit of the Female-Nutmeg: Of 
 that called the Thieving-Nutmeg, becaufe it infects and 
 fpoils the good ones where it lies: The Male, with its Fruit, 
 both long and fhort: And the little Kind, wherewith the 
 Natives dey their Teeth black. Next of 
 
 A PLANT which beareth a Fruit hanging with a long 
 
 Stalk 
 
377 
 
 Part IV. Of SKlfechanicbp-. 
 
 Stalk upon the top of the Leafe 5 almoft in the ihape of a 
 Can, with its Lid. If it be open’d, though the Weather ne¬ 
 ver fo hot, ’tis half full of Liquor, Then of 
 
 A SAGEWAR-TREE; whofe Flower being cut, renders 
 3 Juyce like Wine, far above the Coco-Tree •' With the Fruit 
 both of the Male and Female. In the laft place, of 
 The SAGOUS-TREE 5 which thofe that inhabit the 
 Molucca Illands, eat inftead of Bread: With the Fruit, after 
 
 the life. . c 
 
 Defign. An Armed SOULDIER, in tne pofture of 
 fighting. Together with a Land skip, and the Fr of peel of an 
 Army. Given by Mr. Will. Browne ft } and all very curioufly 
 Drawn with his Pen. 
 
 Wrighting. Ajewifh PHYLACTERY. This here is only 
 a fingle Scroll of Parchment , I of an inch broad, and 15 
 inches long $ with Four Sentences of the Law , (nig. Exod. 
 
 13. from 7. to 11. and/. 13. to 17. Deut. 6. f 3. to 1 o. and 
 1 i.f. 13. to 1 <?.) mod curioufly written upon it in Hebrew. 
 
 Serarius, from the Rabbies, faith, That they were written 
 fever ally upon fo many Scrolls. And that the Jews to this 
 day, do wear them over their Foreheads in that manner. 
 
 So that they are of feveral forts or modes, whereof tins is 
 
 one. , , 
 
 The original ufe of them, for Memento s : grounded on 
 that Command, (a) And thou /halt bind them for a fign upon (•) Deuctf. 
 thine Hand, and they Jball be as Frontlets between thine Eyes. the other 
 But afterwards, ferved more for Oftentation. And at laft, P^“ d above 
 for Spells or Amulets, (b) From whence alfo the ufe o ^ (b) HieroitU} 
 Charms amongft Chrijlians was firft learn d 5 and thofe who quoted by 
 gave them called Phylacierij. Prohibited by the Council in “ J w " 
 
 Hullo, (c) « Can. < 5 i . 
 
 An Example of the ARABICK Letter in one or two Va¬ 
 riations upon Parchment. 
 
 An Example of the CFIINA-Language, in a confiderable 
 Variety of CHARACTERS, upon two forts of China 
 
 Papyr. . T 
 
 An Example of the MALABARINE Letters and Lan¬ 
 guage. The Letters have fome little refemblance to thofe 
 of the Coptic/y. Written upon a fingle Plate of the P almetto- 
 Leaf, an inch and i deep, and 10 inches long. It feems, 
 from die Hole punched at the end of it, to have been 
 
 C c c hied 
 
37 8 Of £\dechanic\s. Part IV. 
 
 filed with a great many more, and fo to have made a 
 Book. 
 
 Another Variety of the ARABICK Letter, not properly 
 Written , but Imprefsd with a Style, or as it were Engraven, 
 upon two double Plates of the Palmetto-Leaf. 
 
 Sculpture. A CARVED Shell of MOTHER of Pearl. 
 On which Andromeda Rands naked upon the Shore, having 
 her Arms faflen d to a Rock with two Chains. Near the 
 Shore, a great Sea-Fifh or Monfter making towards her, 
 and fpouting out Water at Per feus. Who comes dying 
 upon Pegafus, with his Shield, and his Sword advanced, to 
 kill the Monfter. Upon a Promontory between Andromeda 
 and Per feus Rands a Cupid, and among the Trees upon it 
 another, fignifying their Marriage afterwards. All done 
 with extraordinary Art. 
 
 ANOTHER, with the fame curious Work, but different 
 Pliancy. Neptune making towards the Shore, without his 
 Mace, advances and fpreads abroad his Arms, in Courtfhip 
 towards Diana. Who Rands on the Shore in her Mantle 
 half naked, and holding forth her Hand in the poflure of 
 denial. Between them, two naked Nymphs , one giving aim 
 to the other, fhooting a Dart at Neptune to give him a 
 further repulfe. And a Cupid flying away over Dianas 
 Head. 
 
 About 3 6 pieces of Ivory , with IMAGES CARVED 
 upon Each. On forne, of Men; on others of Women and 
 Children; and on others, of Cattel. One of them , a 
 Crucifix, with the Eleven Apoflles. They feem to have be¬ 
 longed to a Cabinet or Chefi of Drawers, and to make fome 
 Rory 5 but the refl being wanting, unintelligible. 
 
 One of them, is a curious piece of Work. On the top of 
 a Rock, Rands a Caflle. At the foot, a George or Chevaleer, 
 armed and mounted, and combating a Dragon 5 defending 
 her fclf, and Ihewing her rage in a moft lively poflure. Be- 
 hind the Horfe Rands one of her young Ones,expecting her 
 Conquefl. On the brow of the Rock, a Woman, or if you 
 will the Lady, praying for her overthrow. Hereto may be 
 refer d, 
 
 A SEA-PIECE,confiding wholly of INLAYD-WORJC, 
 of feveral Colours, in Stone. As alfo, 
 
 A FORREST,with a Houfe at the end of it 5 and feveral 
 
 Beads 
 
Part IV. Of 3 \decbanic\f. 
 
 Beads both wild and tame, as the Lion,Zinicorne,Boar,Camel. 
 Stag , and a Dog purfuing him: all Cut in PAPYR, in the 
 compafs of about three inches fquare. 
 
 Turtle! Work A Box of CUPS, from Norimberge: being 
 an Hundred of them one within another ; the Boll of the 
 utmoft about two inches and ‘ in Diametre. Given by 
 Dudley Palmer Efcg'. I take the Wood to be Maple. 
 
 A piece of TURN’D Work in Ivory. Given by H. Olden- 
 lurge Efq$. A folid Triangle, turn’d open on the four Tides. 
 With a Flower (landing out on each fide, and loofe. In each 
 Flower, a little Spike, alfo loofe. But all the four Flowers 
 by themfelves, and fo the Spikes, are united in the centre. 
 On the Necks of the Flowers hkewife hangs a Sphasrical Tri¬ 
 angle ; and on each Neck, feveral fmall Rings. Preferved 
 in a Round Ivory Box. 
 
 The HEAD of a Princes, in her HAIR, and with a 
 CORONET; in an Oval of Ivory. That which is extra¬ 
 ordinary, is, That it is not CARVED, but all TURNED 
 Work. ’Tis kept in an Oval Box, wrought with Undulated 
 Work of feveral Forms, all hkewife Turn’d. The Art, I 
 think, is now dead with the Author. 
 
 Molded- Wor/y Two HALF BODIES in Armor, betwixt 
 four and five inches in length. Given alfo by Mr. Dudley 
 Palmer. The phancy is this, That upon a rude molded 
 Ground of Rofin and Wax, or fome fuch fubllance, are laid, 
 chiefly the parts of feveral Plants and In fells, by which the 
 Figure is compleated. As the Forehead, (all the Face of 
 one) with the Scales of the Belly-Piece, of the Broad Golden 
 Cantbam 5 the Ball or White of the Eye, with Gromwell- 
 Seeds 5 the Lids, with thofe of a fort of Marigold ; the 
 Nofe, with that of Cartbamum 5 the Beard with thofe of 
 Lettice. Part of the Armor, of one, with the Wing-Sbeatbs 
 of the Green Broad Cant bar is: of the other, with the Seeds 
 of Cow-Parfnep: and fo for the reft. A couple like to Thcfe, 
 are figur’d in Oleariud s Mufeeum. 
 
 Sir Robert Moray’s HEAD in WAX. Taken off of a 
 Placer-Mold , which was made upon it. 
 
Of Coym. 
 
 Part IV. 
 
 38° 
 
 Sect. IV. 
 
 Of COT NS, and other Matters relating to Antiquity. 
 
 / THe Effigies of JOHN HOWARD, thcfirft Duke of 
 Norfolk., in Colours Neald on Glafs. From whom 
 the Right Honourable the prefent Duke of Norfolk, is the 
 eighth, inclufive. Given by Mr. 5 . Morgan. He is repre- 
 fented kneeling in a Cbappel, with his Dukes Cap by him, 
 and Inverted in his Coat of Armour, bearing lour Coats! 
 Quarterly: fc. of Howard, Brotberton (Son to Ring Edward 
 the Firft) Plant agenet (Earl of Warren and Surrey) and 
 FitzyAllan. The firft, is Gules, a Bend betwixt fix Crofslets 
 fitchy, Argent. The fecond, the Arms of England, with 
 a Label of three Points Argent. The third Cheeky Or and 
 Azure. The fourth, Gules, a Lion Ramp and Or. 
 
 The PEDEGREE of the moil Noble Family of the 
 HOWARDS, from the firft Duke above-faid: Engraven 
 on a Copper-Plate. Given by the fame Hand. 
 
 A ROMAN URNE, of Glafs, with a Handle. Given 
 
 by Sir Chrifiopber Wren. Above fifteen Hundred years old. 
 Almoft like a Bottle containing a Gallon and i ; but with a 
 very fliort Neck, and wide Mouth, and of whiter metal. 
 Encomparted girth-wife, with five parallel Circles. Found in 
 Spital-Pields. 
 
 STONES, not long fince found near the Foundation of 
 Cbaring-Crofs at a great depth. Given by Sir Jofepb Wil- 
 hamfon. They feem to be a fort of courfe Marble. Of 
 a blackilh colour, and figur’d into feveral plain fides 5 but 
 irregular: from whence they may be argu’d to be very 
 ancient. 
 
 A Piece of MOSAICK WORK, found deep under 
 ground, in Holboum near St, Andrews Church. Inlaid 
 with black, red, and white Stones, in Squares and other 
 Regular Figures. 
 
 A parcel of little fquare Stones,belonging to MOSAICK- 
 Work, found in a Field near Bath, in the Year, 1 66p. 
 
 Several Examples of MORTARS of old Cattles and 
 oman Buildings. Given by John Aubrey Efq; for comparing 
 them with thofe now in ufc. 
 
 A 
 
Part IV. 
 
 Of Coy ns. 
 
 581 
 
 A ROMAN MONEY-POT. Given (with the Coin 
 below mention d) by the fame Hand. Found in the Year, 
 1651. in Wee/cFieU, hi the Parilh of Hedington, in Wilt¬ 
 shire ; half full of Roman Coin, Silver and Copper, of feveral 
 Emperors near the time of Conftantine. Of the colour 
 of a Crucible, and falhion’d almoft like a Tint Jug with¬ 
 out a Neck. Clofed at the top, and having a Notch on one 
 fide, as in a Cbrijbnas-Box. In the fame place (where anci¬ 
 ently was a Roman Colony) and at the fame time, were dig’d 
 up the Foundations of feveral Houfes for a Mile together. 
 
 of coryfs. 
 
 M Oft of them being obfeure, left I ihould miftake* 
 I prefcntly took the help of my Worthy Friend 
 Mr. Abraham Hill, Fellow of the Royal Society, very well 
 acquainted with This, as well as other parts, of Antiquities. 
 
 Silver. 
 
 Twenty SILVER DENARII 5 whereof Nineteen given 
 by Sir Faul Whichcote. The 
 I, II, and III. Confular. 
 
 IV. Imp. Otho Cafar Aug. Trib. Pot. 
 
 Reverfe. Securitas P. R. 
 
 V. Aulws Vitellius Imp. Germ. 
 
 . Augujli. 
 
 VI. CafarVefpafian. 
 
 . Tr. Pot. 
 
 VII. Cfar Aug. Pater Patriae. 
 
 Princ. Juvent. Ccef. 
 
 VIII. Imp. CAf Vomit. Germ. Pont. Max. Tr. P. 
 
 Imp. iij. Cof. xv. Cenfor. P. iij. 
 
 IX. Imp. Ccef. Trajan, Hadrian Aug. 
 
 P. M. Tr. P. Cof iij. Felicit. P. R. 
 
 X. Imp. CAfar Trajan Hadrian. Aug. 
 
 P.M. Tr. P. Cof iij. 
 
 XI. Hadrianus Aug.Cof. iij. P. P. 
 
 , Romulo Conditori. 
 
 XII. M Commodws Anton. Aug. Pius, 
 
 Tr. P . viij, Cof. iiij. P. F. 
 
 XII. M. Comma due. 
 
 . Cof . • . : Exerc. XIV, 
 
382 
 
 Of Coy ns. 
 
 ART 
 
 IV, 
 
 XIV- Severns Aug. Parthic. Max. 
 
 Reftitutor ZJrbis. 
 
 XV. Co’f. Marc. Anton. Gordianus African. Aug. 
 
 Trine. Juventutis. 
 
 XVI. Maximus Coe far German. 
 
 Pietas Aug. 
 
 XVII. Dorn. Nojt. Julianas P. (/. e. pius) F. (i. e. felix) Aug. 
 (Julian the Apoftatc.) 
 
 Votes x (i. e. Decennalibus) multk x. 
 
 XVIII- P. N. Valent ini anus P. F. Aug. 
 
 TJrbs Roma. Lug. P. C. 
 
 XIX. R. N. Valens P. F. Aug. 
 
 Reftitutor Reip. P. Lug. 
 
 Thefe from Sir Paul Whichcote. 
 
 XX. V. N. Valens P. F. Aug. 
 
 Vrbs Roma Tr.P. (TrevirisPerc.) 
 
 Given by Walter Cbetwynd Efq,. 
 
 XXI. Henrietta IV. 
 
 Dominrn Hibernia .Commonly call’d an Irijh Groat. 
 XXIL Carolus V. ■ • • L. M. 
 
 .... Indiarum Plus Vlt. In whofe time the Indies 
 were more fully difeover’d. Thefe two given by G. Ent Efcj? 
 
 Copper. 
 
 I. D. N. Conjlatitius P. F. Aug. 
 
 Fel. Temp, reparatio. 
 
 Two more of the fame. 
 
 II. I). N. Magnentius P. F. Aug. 
 
 Felicitas Reipublica. Thefe from J. Aubrey Efq. 
 
 III. Conjlantimts P. F. Aug. 
 
 Soli InviTto Comiti. 
 
 IV. Conftantinus Nob. Caf. 
 
 Vot.x. Cafarum noflrorum. S.Tr. (i. e. Sign. Treviris.) 
 
 V. Conftantinus Aug. 
 
 • ■ • Pranquillitas Vot. xx. The fame again. 
 
 VI. Conftantinus Jim. Nob. C. 
 
 Vot. x. nojiror. Cafarum. Thefe found near Cambridge. 
 
 VII. Antonius Pius Aup. fX 
 Virtus Augg. (Auguftorum)^ enarius - 
 
 VIII. • • • • Tit. Ael. Hadr. Antoninus Aug. Pius. 
 
 Cof. Hj. S. C. ( i.e. Senat. Conf) Annona. 
 
 IX. T>. N. Conftantinus P. F. Aug. 
 t Fel. Temp. Reparation 
 
 X. 
 
Part IV. Of Coy ns. 
 
 X- D. N. Magnentius. 
 
 Felicitas. . 
 
 XL D.N. Magnentius. 
 
 Salas DD. NN. Aug. is Ceef a. a. 
 
 XII. D. N. Confiantias. 
 
 Salas DD. NN Aug Is Caf a. a. Of thefe two laft 
 together, here are 24, all with the fame Revers, about B the 
 Initial Letters of xpistos. ^ 
 
 XIII. Conflantius P. F. Aug. 
 
 . Exercitus. 
 
 W.rh Nine more obfeure. Thefe were taken out of 
 the Pot above mention d, found near Hediimon. 
 
 XIV. • • • Ptolomy. 
 
 XV. Divas Aug. S. C. 
 
 Confenfu Sen. is Eq. Ord. PQR. 
 
 XVI. Divas Auguftus. 
 
 Providentia V C. 
 
 XVII. M. Agrippa. • • • Cof. 
 
 XVIII. C.Ccgfar Aug. German. P.M.Tr.Pot. 
 
 YIT r\?r/ ' j'r'r 4 * The fame again. 
 
 XIX. Tib. Claud. Cc?f. Aug. P. M. Tr. P. Imp 
 
 XX T°frf a /r g fd Thefameagain. 
 
 XX. Tib. Claud. C*f Aug. P. M. Tr. P. Imp 
 . S.C. 
 
 XXI. Drufas Caf. Tiber. Aug. F.Divi Aug N. 
 
 Pontif. Tribun. Poteft. iterum. & 
 
 XXII. Imp. Nero Caf Aug. Pon. M. Tr. P. 
 
 Roma. S.C. 
 
 XXIII. XenCIauJimCxfAug.Gertn.PM.Tr R 
 
 XXIV ?■ S - (Macelluffl.) 
 
 XXIV. Serg. Galba Imp. Ceef Aug. 
 
 Adlocutio. 
 
 X X V. A. Vitellias Imp. German. 
 
 Fides Exercituum S. C. 
 
 XXVI. A. Vitellias Germ. Aug. P M Tr P 
 
 S.C. -••• 
 
 XXVII. Imp. Cxf Vefp. Aug. P. M. Tr. Cof viij. 
 
 XXVIII. Ccefar Vefp. . . 
 i S.C. 
 
 3 S 3 
 
 XXIX. 
 
3 8 4 
 
 Part IV. 
 
 Imp. Caef. Domit. Aug. Germ. Cof. xuj. CenJ. Perp. 
 
 The fame again. 
 
 Moneta Aug. 
 
 XXX. Imp- C*f Magnentius. 
 
 Fe lie it as Reipublicee. A Souldier holds in his right 
 hand, a Vidtory; in his left, the Standard, on which is £ as 
 on the XII. 
 
 XXXI. D. N. Decentius. 
 
 Sal us DP. AW. Aug. 4 srC*f 
 XXXII- D- N. Magnentius P. F. Aug. 
 
 Salus DP. AW. Aug. & C<*f. 
 
 XXXIII- P- AT. Decentius Caf. 
 
 Salus DP. AW. Aug. & Casft 
 XXXIV. ZJrbs Roma. 
 
 XXXV. Conftans. 
 
 Fel. Temp. Reparatio. 
 
 XXXVI. • • • Conftantius. 
 
 Fel. Temp. Reparatio. Of thefc two laft together, 
 here are 43, all with the fame Reverie. 
 
 XXXVII. P. N. Magnentius P. F. Aug. 
 
 Gloria Romanorum. 
 
 XXXVIII.- Philip. 
 
 Miliarium Saculum Cof. iij. When Rome had 
 been built a Thoufand years. 
 
 XXXIX. ’■ • • Aurelius Anton. 
 
 . S.C. 
 
 XL. P- N. Theodoftus P. F. Aug. 
 
 Gloria Exercitus. 
 
 XLI. D.N. - 
 
 Reparatio Reipub. 
 
 XLII. Conftans Piles Aug. 
 
 Virtus Exercit. 
 
 XLIII. P. N. Honorius. 
 
 XLIV. Crifpus Nob. Caf 
 
 . • • • Tranquillitas. 
 
 XLV. Gallienus Aug. 
 
 With about 72 more, which are obfeure. 
 
 Paper or Paftboard-Money. 
 
 Lugdunum Batavorum. 
 
 Pugna pro Patria, 15 74 - When befieged by the 
 
 Spaniards. 
 
 Appendix. 
 
Appendix. 
 
 Of fome Particulars lately given by Dr. Chritlopher 
 
 Merret. 
 
 T O which I fhall only premife a Note concerning 
 the CLYSTER-BAG, defcribed p. 23 c?. of this 
 Catalogue ; but fhould have been placed in the laft 
 Part. ’Twas given by Sir Rob. Southwell 5 of whom I lately 
 learn, That the Portugal Negros, having rowled a lump of 
 Clay into the fhape mention’d p. 2 3^. they cut the Branches 
 of a certain Tree which yields an Oily Gum, and fo turn the 
 Clay round, as the Gum drops upon it, till it hath cover’d it 
 all over like a thick Skin 5 which being dry’d in the Sun, 
 will be almoft as tough as Leather. Then picking out 
 the Clay, it ferves them for a Bladder. To which they 
 tie the Shank of a Hare for a Pipe: and fo filling it with 
 Sea-water, as often as they feel themfelves much chafed 
 with heat, put it up for a Glyfter. Thefe Bags they com¬ 
 monly hang by their fides, to be always ready for their 
 ufe. 
 
 The Particulars given by the Doctor are thefe that fol¬ 
 low ; with the Defcriptions, in his own words. 
 
 SAGU. A Gum, fo called. It comes from the Iflands of 
 Malacca. It drops from the Trees in fmall rounclifh Grains, 
 of the bignefs of Turney-feed, but whitifh. Chewed, it 
 tafteth fomewhat clammy. Boil’d in water, exactly rcpre- 
 fents Frog-Sperm ; and in confiftence, comes neareft to Gum 
 Tragaganth. ’Tis ufed in Medicine and Diet. 
 
 TERRA JAPONICA. Call’d alfo Catechu, Categu, and 
 Cajheu. Tis a G ummo-Refina. Formoft of it will diflolvc 
 in Water 3 and fome parts of it only in Red. Spirit of Wine. 
 Moft of it contains a great deal of Earth3 the reafon of the 
 Name. ’Tis cover’d with a rough brown Coat3 within 
 which it comes near the colour of Aloe 5 but darker, and 
 
 D d d with 
 
 or, I 
 
5 8 6 (^Appendix. 
 
 with brown earthy Particles intermix’d. The Taft Adrin- 
 gent and very Dry. The Tincture of a bright Claret 
 colour. An ufeful and effectual Medicine 5 and not un¬ 
 grateful. 
 
 POCO SEMPIE. A Golden Mofs, confiding of mod 
 fine, foft and flexible Threads. Accounted a great Cordial. 
 And Paid wholly to diflolve in the Mouth 5 and feern’d fo 
 to me, in barely chewing it: but the contrary upon Expe¬ 
 riment, which was thus: I ty’d fome of it in a Cloath, and 
 chew’d it 5 keeping it in my mouth a whole Night: but in 
 the Morning, I found no diminution, nor alteration. So 
 that chewing only unfolds it, and then tis infenfibly fwal- 
 low’d with the Spittle. 
 
 RIZAGON. A Root brought from Bengala , of good 
 ufe. Cut into flat pieces, of a whitifh colour, bitterifh and 
 aromatickTad; and hath very large Fibers. 
 
 CAROLINA. A long red Root, fo call’d, from the 
 Place from whence it comes. It draws on Paper red Lines. 
 Anfwers not expeCfation, as to deying. 
 
 S ADORE, or Bitter Wood. It hath a brownifh Barque : 
 the Wood yellowifh, and exceeding bitter. If it be diced 
 long ways, you will find very white Fibers running by the 
 length. 
 
 (a) P. 2. . CAIUMANIS Olearij. (a ) By the Sea-men , Caiomanes. 
 
 By the Portugefe , Canella de Mato. An Canella Craffiori 
 (b Q P b iaX ’ Mortice, (b) This Barque above I of an inch thick. Diddl’d, 
 it affords a fomewhat harfh and rough Liquor. But by In- 
 fufion, makes an Aromaticp and grateful fyrup. 
 
 SALT of Soap-Lees. An Exotick, Found in fome quan¬ 
 tities on the fides of the Boylers. I have yet made no trials 
 of it. 
 
 TEUTENAGE. A fort of Speltar , as many Experiments 
 fhew. Hereof Parallellepipedon Ycttds are made in Japan, 
 wherein their Thea is brought over. 
 
 I have feveral other Rarities , which, when I fee what is 
 wanting in the Societie’s Mufceum ,1 fhall add to it. 
 
 Mod of thefe Things were communicated by Mr. Samuel 
 Clar/^ learned, judicious, experienced in all things Na¬ 
 tural and Artidcial which are brought to the King’s Ware- 
 Iwufe in the Port of London , whereof he is Surveyor. 
 
 An 
 
An Index of fbme Medicines. 
 
 T O prevent Abortion, 297. 
 
 For Quartan Agues , 316. 
 Anodyne , 163, 203. 
 
 For the Bitings of a Mad Dog,%iy. 
 For the Bitings of Venimous Beajls, 
 52,181,227,347. 
 
 For Bleeding , 7, 134, 292, 333. 
 For fitting of Blood , 314. 
 
 For broken Bones , 300. 
 
 Cathartic!^, 207, line 3, 22, & 24. 
 
 217, 316. 
 
 Cordial , 58, 227. 
 
 Cofmetick,, 145,309, 335- 
 For the Cramp, 1 5,89, 163. 
 
 Dentifrices , 148. 
 
 For Bilious Diarrheas, 203, 284. 
 Diuretic^ 42, i57> 159,267,273, 
 300. 
 
 for flie Dropfre, 42. 
 
 For a Dyfentery, 319. 
 ForaDyjiiry , 168. 
 
 Emetick., 156, 207, 210,217,311, 
 316,317. 
 
 -For fie Epilepjy, 197,227,247, 
 284. In Children , 344. 
 
 For an Eryfrpelas, 209. 
 
 For the Eyes, 173, 327. 
 
 For Feavers , 42,66,84, 227,278, 
 
 329 , 349 , 
 
 For FraUwres, 300. 
 
 For 4 Gonorrheea , 168. 
 
 For the Gout , 39, 71. 
 
 To /effl 0^ Hair, 333. 
 
 To make the Hair grow, 156. 
 
 For the Headach , 217. 
 
 For Hyjlerical Fits,2^y, 258. 
 
 For 4/z Hsemoptoe , 314. 
 
 For the Itch, 209, 218. 
 
 For a Lientery, 333, 
 
 For Melancholy, 317. 
 
 For fie Menfes, 134. 
 
 Antidote for Mercury, 284, 323. 
 
 Narcotick., 203, 316. 
 
 For Nephritick, Pains , 293. 
 
 Obllruchons, 333. 
 
 Ophthalmick., 173, 327. 
 
 For fie Plague, 342, 347. 
 
 For Pofjow, 31, 59, 66, 83,197. 
 
 For the Shingles , 209, 217. 
 
 For Co/o/ Swellings, ib. 
 
 For fie Stone, 40, 267, 222, 293, 
 312. 
 
 Sudorifrcfr, 66,84, 258. 
 
 Syriafis, 231. 
 
 Tinea Puerorum, 314. 
 
 A/ Veneris Languorem, 159, 168, 
 228. 
 
 For Malignant Ulcers, 138, 209, 
 
 327 , 343 - 
 
 For Ulcers in the Legs, 314. 
 
 For Venereal Ulcers, 342. 
 
 Wafhfor the Face, 145, 309,335. 
 For Worms, 247, 249, 335, 347. 
 
 Ddd 2 
 
 ^4 Zi$ 
 
A Lift of thofc who have Contributed to this Mufeum : 
 excepting fome defames which are loft. 
 
 His Highncis Prince RUPEPvT, Count Palatine of the Rhine. 
 
 nr Hom,if 
 
 Allen M. D. 
 
 X John 
 
 Aubrey Eiqi.' 
 
 WILLIAM L. 
 
 Vifc. BROVNCKER. 
 
 Hon. ROBERT 
 
 BOYLE , Efqi. 
 
 Dr Erafmns 
 
 Bartholine. 
 
 John 
 
 Bembde Efqi. 
 
 Sign. Paul 
 
 Boccone . 
 
 Monf. Olaus 
 
 Borrichius. 
 
 Jofepb 
 
 Bowles Merch. 
 
 Sir Thomas 
 
 Brown 
 
 Edward 
 
 Brown . M. D. 
 
 JONH late Lord B. of CHESTER. 
 
 EAST-INDIA 
 
 COMPANY. 
 
 TOTAL AFRICAN COMPANY. 
 
 Walter 
 
 Charieton M. D. 
 
 Walter 
 
 Chetwynd Efqi. 
 
 Andrew 
 
 Clench M. D. 
 
 Samuel 
 
 Coleprefs , Efqi. 
 
 Thomas 
 
 Cox-y Efqi. ■* 
 
 Edward 
 
 Cotton M. D. 
 
 Thomas 
 
 Crijpe Efq,. 
 
 Ellis 
 
 Crijpc, Efq',. 
 
 William 
 
 Crone M. D, 
 
 John 
 
 Evelyn Efqi. 
 
 George 
 
 Ent Efqi. 
 
 Captain Thomas 
 
 Fiffenden. 
 
 Nchemjah 
 
 Grew M. D. 
 
 Hon. CHARLES HOWARDoFN.Efc. 
 
 Theodore 
 
 Haac Efqi. 
 
 Thomas 
 
 Henfhaw Efq,. 
 
 Abraham 
 
 Hill Efqi. 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Bockriel. 
 
 Luke 
 
 Hodgfon M. D. 
 
 Robert 
 
 Hook^ Geora. Pr. 
 
 Anthony 
 
 Horned ^ B. D. 
 
 Sir John 
 
 Hoskins . 
 
 John 
 
 Houghton Pharm. L. 
 
 Edmund 
 
 King M. D. 
 
 Monf. 
 
 Lannoy. 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Langerman 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Linger. 
 
 Path. Hieronim . 
 
 Lobns. 
 
 Richard 
 
 Lower M. D. 
 
 Martyn 
 
 tyier Efq;. 
 
 Mr. John 
 
 Mailing. 
 
 Sign. 
 
 Malpighi. 
 
 Cbrijlopber 
 
 Merrct M. D. 
 
 Sir Thomas 
 
 Millington. 
 
 Sir Jonas 
 
 Moore. 
 
 Sir Robert 
 
 Moray. 
 
 Mr. S. 
 
 Morgan. 
 
 HENRI Duke of 
 
 NORFOLK. 
 
 Walter 
 
 Needham M. D. 
 
 Ifaac 
 
 Newton Math. Prof. 
 
 Henry 
 
 Oldenhurge Efqs. 
 
 Philip 
 
 Packer Efqi. 
 
 Dudley 
 
 Palmer Efqi. 
 
 Sir William 
 
 Petty. 
 
 Robert 
 
 Plot LL.D. 
 
 Walter 
 
 Pope M. D. 
 
 Thomas 
 
 Povey Efqi. 
 
 SETH Lord B. of 
 
 SALISBVRY. 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Scotto Merch. 
 
 Mr. John 
 
 Short. 
 
 Sir Philip 
 
 Skippon. 
 
 Francis 
 
 SI are M. D. 
 
 George 
 
 Smith M. D. 
 
 Mr. John 
 
 Somner. 
 
 Sir Robert 
 
 Southwell. 
 
 Dr. 
 
 S wammerdam. 
 
 Captain 
 
 Tayler. 
 
 George 
 
 Trumbal T. D. 
 
 Edward 
 
 Tyfon M. D. 
 
 
 ( Parham 
 
 WILLIAM late L. 
 
 WILLOVGHBI of 
 
 Sir Cbrijlopber 
 
 Wren P. R. S. 
 
 George 
 
 Wheeler Efqi; 
 
 Daniel 
 
 Whiftler, M. D. 
 
 Henry 
 
 WbijUer Efqi. 
 
 Sir Jofepb 
 
 Wtlliamfon. 
 
 Francis 
 
 Willughby Efqi; 
 
 John 
 
 Wintbrop Efqi. 
 
 Robert 
 
 Witty M. D; 
 
THE 
 
 Comparative Anatomy 
 
 O F 
 
 *§>tomatf)S ant) <§uts 
 
 B E G ZJ « 5 V£. 
 
 BEING SEVERAL 
 
 LECTURES 
 
 Read before the 
 
 ROYAL SOCIETY- 
 
 In the Year, 1 676. 
 
 By o\[ehemjah Qren> M. D. Fellow of the Royal Society , 
 and of the Colledge of Phyjztians. 
 
 LONDON, 
 
 Printed by W, fywlint, for the Author, 1681. 
 
An Advertifement to the Reader. 
 
 W Hereas a Book Entitul’d, Exercitatio Anatomico- 
 Medica de Glandulk Inteflivorum , earumq 5 Z>fu is? 
 Affeclibm. Cui fubjungitur Anatome Ventriculi Gellinacei. 
 Studio Job. Conradi Peyeri Scafbufa-Helvetij, 1677. In 
 which are found fome of thofe Obfervations contained in 
 the following Ledures. It was therefore thought fit, here 
 to take Notice, That the faid Book was not Publifhed, til! 
 the Year after thefe Lectures were Read. 
 
Of Stomachs' and Guts. 
 
 i 
 
 CHAR I. 
 
 Of the Stomachs and (juts of Six Carnivorous 
 Quadrupeds ; fc. The Weejle , Fitcbet , Polecat , C at. 
 
 Dog and Fox* 
 
 I Am not ignorant of what many Learned and Inquifi- 
 tive Men, both at home and abroad, efpecially in this 
 laft Century , have performed in the Anatomy of Ani¬ 
 mals. After all whom', if it be demanded, what is left for 
 me to do? I Anfwcr in the words of Seneca, (a) Multum WEp* ft -^ 4 < 
 adhuc refiat opens, multumq ; refiabit ; wer ulli Nato, pofi mille 
 Saecida, praecludetur occafio, aliquid adhuc adjiciendi. 
 
 I ihall omit moft of what is already noted by Anatomifts 5 
 and princially fpeak of thofe things, which have hitherto 
 been unobferv’d. 
 
 A Weejle. 
 
 The Gulet of a Weejle (which from the Ears to the fa¬ 
 ting on of the Tail was i o inches) about five inches long, 
 i in Diametre, equally wide, and thin. Enters the Stomach 
 at the left End. 
 
 The Stomach about three inches long; proportionably, 
 more than a Dogs. An inch in Diametre at the upper Ori¬ 
 fice ; at the nether, * ; having a flexure towards its Con¬ 
 junction with the Guts: fhaped like to the body of a pair 
 of Bag-Pipes. Thin, and plain, or without Folds. Which 
 feemsto be the property of the Stomachs of moft Rapaci¬ 
 ous Quadrupeds. 
 
 The Guts thin, and plain, or with little ftore of Glands, 
 efpecially of fuch as in moft Carnivorous Animals are con- 
 fpicuous. About a yard in length, and i an inch in Dia¬ 
 metre ; without any confiderable contraction, difference of 
 Size, Texture or Subftance from the Stomach to the Anus. 
 
 No Colon. No Caecum. So that it feems to be all but One 
 jingle Gut. Contrary to what is feen in any other Quadru¬ 
 ped, I have opened. 
 
 At the Anus, a Couple of Bags grow to the Gut; one 
 
 A on 
 
2 
 
 Of Quadrupeds. 
 
 on each fide. Each of them, fill’d, about the bignefs of a 
 large Garden-Peas: containing a yellow, and thiclaih Li¬ 
 quor, extraordinary/^//^, and having the peculiar fcent of 
 the Animal in the mold intenfe degree. Over the Bags or 
 Bladders , is fpread the Sphinlier-Mufcle ; which comprefling 
 Them and the Anus both together, forceth them to a con¬ 
 temporary evacution. 
 
 I have not yet difleeted the Civet-Cat, butfuppofe, that 
 thefe Bags are analogous to thofe that contain the Civet in 
 that Animal. 
 
 Thefe Bags, fo far as I have obferv’d, are proper to all 
 Carnivorous Quadrupeds , and thofe only: as will further 
 appear by the following Examples. 
 
 A Fitcbet. 
 
 A FITCHET, being of kin to the Weejle $ hath alfo a 
 Stomach and Guts much alike. 
 
 The Guts about a yard and two inches. At moft, but 
 two. The firft, about two feet and i long; and * cht of an 
 inch over, where wideft. Hath five or iix Necks or Con¬ 
 tractions. And a little before moft of them, ftands a fmall 
 C Infer of Glands , about as big as a Silver Half-petty. The 
 fecond, is about \ a quarter of a yard long, and i an inch 
 over where wideft. Very thin, plain, and without any 
 Glands vifible to the bare Eye. 
 
 On each fide the Anus, there is alfo a Bag of feet id Liquor, 
 with the ftink of the Animal. * 
 
 The Guts of thefe Two Animals, and I fuppofe like- 
 wife of the Ferret , are the moft fimple, and plain, of all I 
 have obferv’d in Quadrupeds. 
 
 A Foie-Cat. 
 
 The Gulet and Stomach of a POLE-CAT, are in fhape 
 like thofe of a Weejle. But the Guts are different. 
 
 They may be reckon’d, four. The firft, about * of a yard 
 long ; t an inch over 5 very thin, and plain. 
 
 The fecond, * of a yard in length 5 i of an inch over, and 
 in fome places more. This Gut is Glandulous and very 
 thick, in comparifon with the other, from end to end. The 
 
 Glands 
 
Of Animals. 
 
 Glands extream fmall, no bigger than little Pins heads. Yet 
 every Gland hath its Orifice,out of which a Mucus or Pituita 
 may be vifibly fqueez’d. 
 
 The Third, is * a yard long; and about * an inch over, as 
 the firft. About the middle hereof, is a C Infer (of petite 
 Glands) about two inches long, and i of an inch broad. 
 At the further end alfo,^ joyning to the fourth Gut, is ano¬ 
 ther like C Infer, but' as Broad again. Each Gland in both 
 thefe C lifers, is about the bignefs of a Muflard-Seed. 
 
 Each of thefe Clufers, may be called a little PANCREAS 
 INTESTINALE. Their difference is, That This hath not 
 one common Ductus. 
 
 Of thefe Clufers, it is obfervable,That both here,and in all 
 the other Animals hereafter mention’d, they ftand directly 
 oppofite to that lide of the Gut, into which the Veffels are 
 inferted: 
 
 The Fourth, or Recium, is feparated from the former by 
 a Contraction. AlinoJt five inches long 5 and near the 
 Anus,i of an inch in Diametre. So that all the Guts together, 
 are two yards, within ; a quarter. 
 
 This Animal hath neither Colon, nor Caecum. 
 
 At the Anus, a pair of Bladders grow to the Gut, as in a 
 W : :ejle 5 containing alfo a Liquor with the peculiar fcctor of 
 the Animal, moft intenfe. 
 
 A Cat. 
 
 The Gulet of a well grown CAT, f of an inch, where 
 wideff The Texture two-fold. The Mufcular Fibers of 
 the upper half next the Throat, plainly Platted. A fort of 
 Work, which will beft be feen in the Gulet of a Sheep. 
 Thofe of the other half, rather Annular, though not 
 exactly fo. 
 
 The Stomach in fhape like that of a Dog, and moft other 
 Carnivorous Quadrupeds 5 only fomewhat fhorter and 
 rounder 5 being not above five inches long , yet f 
 over. 
 
 Biit in the Guts divers Specialties are obfervable. Alto¬ 
 gether, about two yards and * long. With refpcct to their 
 fubftance, but two in number: To their (hape, the firft may 
 be fubdivided into four. 
 
 A 2 
 
 This 
 
4 
 
 Of Animals. 
 
 This firft may be called Mufculare: being in proportion, 
 thicker or more carneous than the Guts of any Quadruped 1 
 have open’d. 
 
 It hath about 28 or 30 Contractions ; fome an inch,others 
 two or three inches diltant one from another. I have not 
 feen a quarter fo many in any other Animal. It may be 
 fubdivided into four. 
 
 The Fir ft, i.e. from the Stomach to the place where the 
 Gut is confiderably amplify’d,about a i of a yard 3 and fome- 
 what more than i of an inch, over. 
 
 The Second, i. e. to the place where more confpicuoufly 
 contracted, about I a yard5 and in its wideft place, above * 
 an inch, over. 
 
 The Third, i. e. to the next greater dilatation, a yard 
 and * th j and * ths of an inch,over 3 near the fame width with 
 that of the firft. 
 
 The Fourth, about I a yard and * th 5 and 5 inch,over. So 
 that two flender, and two ample ones are reciprocally 
 joyn’d. 
 
 This Inteft. Mufculare, is furnifhed with feveral Clufters 
 of Glands, fix or feven in number: each Clufter about i of 
 an inch long 5 and the laft above three inches. This efpe- 
 cially, as in the Pole-Cat, may be called PANCREAS IN- 
 TESTINALE. 
 
 The Next Gut (in the place of the Rettum) may be 
 called Membranaceum, in diftmction from the former 3 be¬ 
 ing far more perfpicuous and thin. About I a yard long 3 and 
 where wideft, an inch and Lover. So that its hollow is more 
 than four times as great as of any part of the Inteft. Muf¬ 
 culare 3 and eight or ten times as great as of the (mail 
 parts. And doth therefore contain far more than all that 
 Gut. 
 
 To the undermoft part of this Gut, about an inch and i 
 before the Anus, is faf ton’d the end of a flender Mufcle 3 the 
 other extremity, to one of the Vertebrae of the Loins. 
 
 This Gut is furnifhed with feveral large Glands, not Hand¬ 
 ing in Clufters, but fingly, as in a Fox or a Dog prefently to 
 be defcrib’d 3 but not fo big. 
 
 The upper End of this Gut where it joyns to the Mufcu- 
 lar, for the length of ‘ of an inch,is partly Conick and partly 
 Helick3 being, as it were, the beginning of a Caecum. 
 
 On 
 
5 
 
 Of Animals . 
 
 On each fide the Anus, a Bag of foetid Liquor, as in the 
 former Animals. 
 
 To the Guts of a Cat, I fuppofe thofe of a Leopard, Tiger, 
 and Lion, may have fome Analogy. 
 
 A Bitch. 
 
 The Gulet of a BITCH (from the top of her Head to 
 the fetting on ot her Tail about * of a yard ) near an inch 
 in Diametre. Somewhat thick, redilh, and mufcular. 
 
 The Stomach lhaped as a Cats, faving that it is a little 
 longer. In length, nine inches 5 in breadth, fix; in depth, 
 as much. Somewhat Mufcular, as the Gulet. Not very 
 vifibly Glandulous, except near the lower Orifice. Where, 
 for the fpace of three or four inches, are a great number of 
 finall Glands, yet fairly obfervable round about. 
 
 The Guts are Four. The Frift, or Craffum, two yards 
 and L and near an inch over,, where wideft. 
 
 The Second, or Tenue, about a yard and I long, and 
 fomewhat more than i an inch wide. 
 
 The Third, or Catcum, where wideft, near an inch j and 
 about \ a foot long 5 but winding with three flexures, three 
 feveral ways. Not joyned to the Tenue, but the Recfum 5 
 and fo poftur’d, as to make an acute Angle not with the 
 Redum, but the Tenue 5 in other Animals. And the paflage 
 between This and the Relium fomewhat ifraight. 
 
 The Fourth, or Re Slum, half a yard 5 next the Caecum, an 
 inch over 5 near the Anus an inch and F All the Guts toge¬ 
 ther, near five yards. 
 
 This only, of the Animal.? yet mention’d, hath a Caecum. 
 Yet without a Colon. 
 
 The Guts of this Animal, as well as the Gulet, are all of 
 them thick, redilh, and Mufcular. The like, I fuppofe, are 
 thofe of all Offivorous Quadrupeds. 
 
 They are furnifhed with ftore of Glands. In the Caecum ,at 
 feveral difiances from * th to F hs of an inch. Very confpicu- 
 ous to the naked Eye, even after they are blown up and 
 dry’d. In the two foremoft, they ftand in C Infers ; and the 
 Clufters in all, about 20. Some of them round, as bigas 
 a Silver Peny or Tm-peny 5 and fome Oval, the compafs of 
 an Almond: and fome, efpecially towards the C atcum, two 
 
 or 
 
6 Of Animah. 
 
 or three inches long, and I an inch broad. Every Gland, as 
 big as a Turner-Seed. The Ccecum befprinkled with Flat 
 Glands, the breadth of a Marfhmallow-Seed or little Spangle. 
 And fo the Rectum, efpecially towards the Anus 5 but here 
 big. 
 
 In the centre of thefe Flat Glands, the Orifice, or if you 
 will the Anus of every Gland is very confpicuous: by 
 which the Gland fpeweth out a certain Mucus or Pituita ; as 
 by comprefling the Gut may be eafily feen. 
 
 So that although the Glands of the Stomach and Guts, 
 efpecially in Men and Quadrupeds, feern to he behind, or 
 under the inner Membrane: yet the Mouths of them all, 
 do open into the Hollow of the Stomach and Guts. The 
 Pituita which is always found very copious in both, not 
 being half of it, the fpittle, or bred of the Aliment, as is ge¬ 
 nerally conceiv’d 5 but fpewed out of thefe Glands. 
 
 At the Anus, are two Bags of ftinking Liquor, as in the 
 aforefaid Animals. 
 
 A Fox. 
 
 The Gulct, Stomach and Guts of a FOX, (i a year old, 
 and 3 yard from Head to Tail) are much like to thofe of a 
 Dog. But with fome differences. The Gulet, in proportion, 
 fomewhat larger. The Stomach deeper. 
 
 ThefirlfGut, or the Crajfum, farlhorter, not above f a 
 foot. The fecond, or the Tenue, fomewhat wider. The 
 Caecum , much larger 5 near < of a foot long. It lies not 
 flrait out, but is wound up almoft fpirally. Where it joyn- 
 eth to the other Guts, I an inch over 5 at the other End, 
 near an inch. 
 
 The Guts furnidied with feveral Clufters of Glands, as in 
 a Dog, about 14 in number. That next the Caecum four 
 inches long, and above I an inch broad. Before every large 
 Cluffer is a little Contraction in the Gut. In the Caecum and 
 Rectum much larger than in the Bitch. 
 
 I fuppofe it is proper to all other Oflivorous Animals, for 
 the Rectum to be furnifh’d with fuch Glands. 
 
 Juft upon the Anus lie two Bags of ftinking Liquor, as in 
 the Animals above-faid. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
Of Animals. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Of the Stomach and (juts of the Mole ; -which feems 
 to feed on Infers. As alfo of the Urchan, Squire], 
 and Rat; which are chiefly Frugivorous. 
 
 A <tAAole. 
 
 nPHe Gulet of a MOLE, is not fatten'd to the End of 
 the Stomach, as in the foregoing Animals, but to 
 the middle. 
 
 The Stomach fhaped fomev/hat like that of a Polecat, 
 and is as big 5 being three inches long, an inch and * 
 broad, and as deep: which in comparifon with the finall 
 bulk of the Animal, is exceeding great: this Animal weigh¬ 
 ing not much above three Ounces ; but an ordinary Pole¬ 
 cat betwixt 20 and 30. 
 
 The Guts, a yard and l long 5 longer than in the Carni¬ 
 vorous kind. About * of an inch over every where. Near the 
 Anus a little wider. So that they feem, fo far, to be but two. 
 Yet taking in their Texture, they may be three. 
 
 The Texture of the Firft (about ’ of a yard long) is plain 
 and fimple, to the Eye, as in other Guts. Of the Second, 
 extreme Curious 5 the Fibers of the Mufcular Membrane, 
 making Undulations or Indentures , continued for the length 
 of i of a yard, round about the Gut: very much refem- 
 bling the Needle-wort^, commonly called Jrijh-fticb. But 
 the Graver, though in other rcfpects he hath done tole¬ 
 rably well,yet cometh ihort of the elegancy of this Work. 
 
 Both thefe Guts are furniih’d with five or fix fmall 
 Clutters of Glands $ each Clutter as big as a little Spangle. 
 
 The Reffum , of a plain Texture, as the Firft. And with¬ 
 out any confpicuous Glands. Half a i of a yard long, and 
 where wideft, ? inch over. 
 
 Here are none of the Bags defcribed in the Weefle, tec. 
 Nor any Caecum nor Colon. 
 
 An 
 
Of Animals. 
 
 An Vrcban. 
 
 The Guletofan URCHAN enters the Stomach towards 
 the middle, as in a Mole. Somewhat (mail, not ? of an inch 
 over. 
 
 The Stomach not fo large as in the Mole, yet bigger than 
 in Carnivorous Animals 3 as than that of a Weejle ,although 
 the Body of an Vrcban of the fame age be no bigger, as is 
 plain, when the Skins of both are taken off Tis alfo of a 
 rounder fhape. 
 
 The Guts, for fubftance, feem to be but One. But from 
 the difference of fhape, may be accounted Four. The Firft, 
 or Craffum, a yard and I th long 5 and near 1 an inch over, 
 where wideft. It hath feveral, about 12 obfervable Con¬ 
 tractions ; fome of them an inch or two long, fome more, 
 and fomclefs: which, as to their length, is peculiar to this 
 Animal. 
 
 The Second, or Gracile, is about * of a yard long 3 I of an 
 inch over, and of an equal fize throughout. 
 
 The Third, or Amplijfimum, y' h of a yard long ; and 
 above 3 of an inch over, where wideft. 
 
 The Recluvi, about as long 5 and above f an inch over. 
 So the length of all the Guts, is Two yards and an inch or 
 two: much longer, than in the Carnivorous kind. 
 
 The Third and Laft, are fprinkled with an innumerable 
 company of extream (mail Glands, fcarce difcermble w lth- 
 out a Glafs 3 through which, they fhewas big as little Pins 
 
 heads. . 
 
 This Animal hath none of thofe Bags near the Anus, 
 above defcribed in the Weejle, istc. Hath no Cacum. No 
 Colon. 
 
 A Squirell. 
 
 That I open’d,was a Virginian , fmaller than the European. 
 The Gulet enters the Stomach towards the middle, as in a 
 Mole and Vrcban very fmall, like the top of an Oaten-fir aw : 
 fo that the upper Orifice of the Stomach, hardly lets any 
 thing, fo much as wind, to pafs into it. 
 
 The Stomach two inches long 3 the left end,an inch ovu 3 
 the right, I an inch. 1 ie 
 
Of Quadrupeds, 
 
 The Guts may be reckon’d Four. The Firft, which 
 reacheth to the C cecum , above i a yard long 5 and near S of 
 an inch over. 
 
 The Ccecum very large, near three inches long, and about 
 i an inch over. Lies fpirally wound up on it felf. 
 
 The Third, about three inches long, not above * th of an 
 inch over. 
 
 The Laft, about as long. Hath two Contractions and 
 Dilatations 5 where wideft, * of an inch over. All the Guts 
 together without the Ccecum, not i of a yard : the fhorteft of 
 all yet defcrib’d. 
 
 Here are none of thofe Bags upon the Anus, above men¬ 
 tion’d. 
 
 A Rat . 
 
 The Gulet of a RAT,is extream fmalflike that of a Squi¬ 
 re/ 5 and infertcd into the Stomach in the fame manner. 
 
 The Stomach, with rcfpect to that of a Mole, very fmall 
 fc. three times lefs: although the Body of a Rat , is above 
 twice as big as the Body of a Mole. 
 
 The fublfance hereof is alfo more plainly diftinguifh’d 
 into two forts. One half, towards the left end, more pel¬ 
 lucid, thin and membranous. The other half, fc. from the 
 Infertion of the Gulet to the Pylorus, more opacous, thick 
 and Mufcular. 
 
 The Guts may be accounted Five. The Firft, or Gracile, 
 
 * an Eln long, and i of an inch over. 
 
 1 he Second, or Amplum, i a yard long, and A of an inch 
 over. 
 
 In thefe two together, are eleven or twelve Clufters of 
 Glands $ every Clufter about the breadth of a Spangle. 
 
 The Third, or Ccecum, contained by a Ligament in an 
 Orbicular pofture round about the Amplum. Above I an 
 inch over, and three inches long. So that take it breadth 
 and length, and it is as big as the Stomach it felf. 
 
 The Fourth, I crave leave to call the Abomufideum: for 
 that it is in figure or ifructurc very like to that Ventricle in a 
 Sheep or Cow, called the Abomafus. About two inches long 5 
 and near its Conjunction with the Caecum, ' d of an inch 
 over, narrowing all the way to the other end. That 
 
 B which 
 
IO 
 
 The Stomachs and Guts. 
 
 which is cunons herein, is, That us furnifhcd with a con- 
 fiderable number of oblique Plates, about 465 23 or 
 thereabout, on each fide oppofitely 5 exactly like to thofe 
 in the Abomafus of a Sheep. 
 
 TheLaft, or Stercoraceum, is lix inches long 5 < of an 
 inch over, where wideft. And hath one or two Contracti¬ 
 ons, as in a Squirel. 
 
 The Gulet, Stomach and Guts of a MOUSE,are little dif¬ 
 ferent. Only the Glands of the Guts fewer 5 and the Caecum, 
 lefs. 
 
 On the contrary, in a SHREW-MOUSE, the Caecum is 
 rather greater, being i d of an inch over, and two inches 
 long. Yet the Body of the Animal five or fix times lefs than 
 that of a Rat. 
 
 CHAP. Ill 
 
 Of the Stomach and Guts of fuch Animals as are hath 
 Frugivorous and Graminivorous ; as the Rabbit, 
 Horfe, and Pig. 
 
 <*A Rabbit. 
 
 'T'He Gulet of a RABBIT is inferred into the middle of 
 the Stomach, as in a Rat. 
 
 The Stomach (haped almoft like a Dogs, but bigger, with 
 refpect to the Animal. Its inner Membrane is gather’d up 
 into feveral little Plates, like thojfe in a Man. At the End 
 next the Pylorus, much thicker, and more Glandulous, Ner¬ 
 vous, and. Mufcular than in any other part. 
 
 The Guts, without the Caecum, are four yards long. In 
 number, five. The Eirft, or Jejunum, about four feet long, 
 and i an inch over. 
 
 The Second, or Ileum, as long 5 and above! an inch over. 
 Whereas in fome, as the Polecat, Dog, Vrchan, the Second 
 Gut is fmaller than the Firft. 
 
 The Jejunum is befpnnkled with a great number of very 
 fmall Glands: which when the Guts are blown up and dry, 
 look like a multitude of little Specks. • Whence the Gut is 
 more opacous than the Ileum. 
 
 Befides 
 
Of Quadrupeds. 
 
 Befides thefe fmaller Glands, the Jejunum and Ileum to- 
 gether, are furnifhed with four or five Clufters, about as 
 broad as a Two-fenys ; and every Gland as big as Wallflower- 
 Seeds. 
 
 Where the Ileum enters the Colon, it hath a very thick 
 white and Glandulous Body,or Pancreas Inteftinale: and the 
 month of each Gland very apparent. 
 
 The Caecum, of a prodigious fize$ above * a yard long,and 
 and'an inch and 1 over where wideft. 
 
 At the End of the Caecum hangs a certain Label, alfocon- 
 tinuoufly hollow with the Caecum, and may be accounted 
 part of it. Betwixt three and four inches long3 and at the 
 upper end, * of an inch over 5 in (hape like a Man's Finger. 
 Lined quite through with a thick Glandulous Body,like that 
 in the end of the Ileum. 
 
 All the reft of the Caecum very thin, and tranfparent: fo 
 as being blown up, it looks like thofe Skins of Iceing-Glafs , 
 formerly us d for Tranfparent Flower-Works. 
 
 This Gut feemeth at firft, to have many ValvuU Conni- 
 ventes. But by being blown up, is fairly reprefented one 
 tingle Valve ot Plate, ftretched out perpendicularly from 
 the circuit of the Gut, and moft cunoufly winding, in a 
 fpiral Line, from one End to the other. 
 
 This Gut runs into the Colon, which is above a foot long, 
 where wideft or next the Caecum, an inch over 5 at the other 
 end v an inch. It hath a double Vinculum, one on each fide 3 
 by which ’tis gather’d up into a great number of little Cells, 
 contiguous one to another throughout. 
 
 In opening this Animal, being juft dead, the Periflaltick. 
 motion of the Guts, was very apparent, efpecially in this 
 Gut. By means whereof, the feveral Cells aforefaid, were 
 made reciprocally to move in and out 3 fo as while one 
 moved and was convex inward, another next adjacent, mo¬ 
 ved and was convex outward 5 and fo on by a kind of un¬ 
 dulation, for feveral inches together. 
 
 This Gut is very thick and Glandulous all over,the Glands 
 (landing every where clofe and contiguous: fo that the in- 
 fide of the Gut, looks like the Seal-Fijhes Skin. The Glands 
 are not flat, as in the Guts above defcrib’d, but (landing up 
 round and high, like an infinite number of Papilla : the 
 Mouths of each vifibly open 3 from whence a Mucus may 
 eafily be exprefs’d. B 2 So 
 
 11 
 
The Stomachs and Guts. 
 
 So that all Internal Glands are either Flat, or Spherical • 
 both with a Mouth in the centre. Anfwering to a Britton- 
 Mould 5 the Flat Gland, to a flat Mould 5 and the Spherical 
 Gland to the like Mould. The former may be called Rotu- 
 lares: the latter PapiUares. 
 
 The Laft Gut is about four feet long 5 as wide as the 
 Ileum , and near the Anus wider by i of an inch. 
 
 This Animal hath none of thofe Bags obfervcd at the. 
 Anus of the Carnivorous kind. 
 
 <*A Horfe. 
 
 The Gulet of a HORSE, is large, thick, red, and very 
 Mufcular. The properties of the Gulet in all Voraceous 
 Quadrupeds. Inferted into the Stomach, not at one End, 
 but the middle, as in a Rabbit. 
 
 The Stomach Angle. Not much above a foot lon°-, 
 about i of a yard deep, and feven inches over. Which in 
 refpect to the Animal, and efpecially to his Guts, is exceed¬ 
 ing Email, I had not time to obferve the infide, but proba¬ 
 bly , ns gather’d up into Plates or Folds as That of a 
 Rabbit. 
 
 The Guts are fix. The Fir 11 , or Email Gut, about 28 
 yards. Near the Stomach, two inches over 5 towards the 
 other end, two inches and i Which though it be wider bv 
 far, than the fame Gut m any other Quadruped that I have 
 open’d: yet in refpcct to the Amplitude of the other Guts 
 in ® Animal, it may properly be called the Small Gut. 
 It hath Ax or eight Contractions or fhort narrow Necks; 
 and amongft them, a long one, about a foot before its en¬ 
 trance into the Catcum. 
 
 It hath very few, and but Email Clutters of thofe larger 
 Glands, obfervable in the fore-mention’d Animals. But of 
 a fmaller kind, the inner Coat is every where full as it can 
 hold, each Gland not fo big as a Cheefe-Mite. 
 
 The Second, or Cacum, is fquare 5 having not two, but 
 tour Ligaments which contain it in that Agure. By means 
 whereof: the Aides are alfo gather’d into many Cells, Email 
 a ™great, as the Colon it Eelf in this and other Animals. 
 
 The Bulk is vaft: Near the Cone, or clofe end, about 
 three inches over. But at the Bafe, or where it joyns to the 
 
 Colon, 
 

 Of Quadrupeds. 
 
 Colon, a i of a yard over. And in length, a full yard. So 
 that it is more than twice as big as the Stomach. 
 
 The Learned Dr. Gliffon, in (peaking of the Stomachs of 
 Quadrupeds, faith, That a Rabbit and a Horfe have a double 
 Caecum. His words are thefe ; In Equis, Cuniculis, E? Por- 
 cellis Indicts, C<ecum duplex deprebenditur. But herein he 
 is miftaken. As to a Rabbit, die contrary hath been feen in 
 the Guts prefented entire before this Honourable Prefence. 
 And who ever will take the pains to examine all the Guts of 
 a Horfe, will find, That neither hath he, any more than 
 One C a cum, which I have above defcribU 
 
 The Third Gut, is the Colon. The unufual (hape, and pro¬ 
 digious Amplitude whereof, might give occafion to the 
 Doctor to miftake it for another Caecum. So that although 
 a Horfe hath but one fingle Caecum ; yet may he not impro¬ 
 perly be faid to have a Treble Colon ; fc. Two Ample ones, 
 next the Ccecum 5 and a fmaller one next the Reclum. Un- 
 lefs any pleafe rather to call the two Great ones, the two 
 BELLIES of one and the fame Colon. 
 
 The Firft Belly next the Caecum, is no lefs where wideft, 
 than 4 of a yard over 5 and in length, above a yard and k 
 
 The Second Belly,next the Rettum ,as wide as the former j 
 and above a yard long. So that each of thefe Bellies are 
 digger than the Cczcum . That next the Cdtcuvi half as big 
 again : And about four times as big as the Stomach. 
 
 Thefe two Bellies are joyn’d together by a Neck., about 
 Our inches over, and * of a yard long. Gather'd hkewife 
 into Cells, as all the other parts of the Colon. But with four 
 Ligaments, as th cC cecum. By which alfo they lie fquare. 
 And upon a palling view, might be another occafion of the 
 foremcntioned miftake. So that if any one fhall call either 
 of thefe Bellies, a Caecum 5 then a Horfe will not have two 
 only, but three Ccecums. But thefe Bellies have neither of 
 diem, the defining property of a Caecum 5 which is, To be 
 pervious at one end only. 
 
 Thefmall Colon, or the fmaller part of it, runs betwixt 
 the Second Belly and the Reclum: hkewife full of Cells, con¬ 
 tain d together by two oppofite Ligaments as in other 
 Animals. Tis about three inches over 5 and fix yards 
 long. 
 
 The Reclum, very thick and Mufcular, as in mod other 
 
14 The Stomachs and Guts, 
 
 large Quadrupeds ; about three inches and t over, and not 
 above * a yard long. The length of all the Guts (without 
 the Cacum) is about 37 yards. So that the Guts of aHorfe, 
 although they come much Ihort of thofe of the Animals 
 next mention’d: yet in widenefs, much exceed them: So 
 as to contain about ten times more than his Stomach. 
 
 <tA ¥ig. 
 
 That which I procur’d was but 1 6 days old. The Gulet 
 was torn off 3 fo that I could only obferve the Infertion of 
 it, which is about the middle of the Stomach , .as in a 
 Horfe. But that of a Hog , I have often feen, and it is very 
 thick, mufcular and red. 
 
 The Stomach, was five inches long, and three over. 
 Shaped fomewhat oddly 3 in a manner with a double 
 Ventricle. The one, and the principal,may be called Venter 
 magnus, fhaped like that of Carnivorous Quadrupeds. Very 
 thick and Mufcular 5 efpecially in the Neck and at the 
 Pylorus. 
 
 Againft the Pylorus hands a round Caruncle, as big as a 
 fmall Filbert Kernel , like a hopple to the Pylorus. A part I 
 think peculiar to this Animal. 
 
 This Ventricle within, hath feveral Folds, about i th of an 
 inch broad, and as deep 3 and wind to and and fro, as in 
 a Rabbit or a Man. Scituate only about the right End e- 
 half of the Belly: the other End being, though alfo Muf¬ 
 cular, yet very plain. 
 
 At the left End of this greater Ventricle, another far lefs, 
 yet dihindt one, is appendent. Much after the fame man* 
 ner as the Reticulum in a Sheep is to the Punch. Or as the 
 Intefiinum Cacum to the other Guts: for which reafon it 
 may be called Cacus Ventriculus. Separated from the 
 greater by a Mufcular Ligament, like a half Valve. Where 
 it joyns to it, an inch and over, and thence extended two 
 inches in length 5 ending in a twifted or hooked Cone. Not 
 fo Mufcular, as the greater Venter, but thin and Membra¬ 
 nous. The inner furface alfo plain, or without Folds. Yet 
 is it Glandulous, as the other: but the Mucus the Glands 
 yield fomewhat thiner. 
 
 The Guts of this Pig (fo young) were near fourteen 
 
 yards 
 
Of Quadrupeds. 1 5 
 
 yards in length. Which is more than doubled, perhaps 
 trebled in a well grown Hog. They may be reckon’d fix 
 or feven. The Firft, hath feveral Flexures, next the Sto¬ 
 mach, within the length of a * of a yard, and may be called 
 
 Serpent inum. 
 
 The Second, about five yards and * long, and I an inch or 
 " hs over. In this (no more than in the firft) are fcarce 
 any confpicuous Glands; fo that it may be called, Per- 
 fpicuum. 
 
 The Third, of the length of the Second 5 and fomewhat 
 lefs in Diametre. The Veffels of This, are more numerous 
 than of the former. And ns furmfh’d with feveral large 
 Clufters of Glands, about nine or ten = fomeof them an 
 inch and i, two or three inches long; and i, or I an inch 
 over. And may be call’d Minus Glandofum. 
 
 The Fourth, is a yard and J long; where wideft, as the 
 Third; but the greateft part of it not above *' hs of an inch. 
 
 This Gut, inftead of Clufters, is Lined with a Glandulous 
 Lace, extended from one end to the other. At the be¬ 
 ginning ? of an inch broad; at the end next the C a cum, 
 
 ? of an inch. Spread or extended (as was firft obferved of 
 the Glandulous Clufters) upon that fide of the Gut, as is 
 directly oppofite to the Infertions of the Veftels. The other 
 part of the Circuit of the Gut, is very thin and perfpicuous. 
 
 This Gut may be called Magi5 Glandofum. 
 
 The extremity of this Gut, doth not only joyn to the 
 Colon, but is inferted into it, and therein protuberant : very 
 like, in fhape and bignefs to the Nipple of a Womans Bread: 
 that gives fuck: and is likewife punched in feveral places at 
 the top and round about with the Orifices of fo many feve¬ 
 ral Glands. 
 
 The Fifth, or Caecum, is four inches long, and an inch 
 and? over. Among all the Quadrupeds I have open’d, pe¬ 
 culiar to This and th z Caecum of a Horfe to have the fame 
 liructure with the Colon. 
 
 The Sixth, or Colon, is ? of a yard long. Where it joyns 
 to the Caecum an inch over; from which place it tapers all 
 along to the other end, where it is not above I an inch 
 over. Gather’d up into feveral Cells from end to end, 
 with two oppofite Ligaments, as in a Rabbit. At the top of 
 it, juft under the abovefaid Nipple, is a large round Clufter 
 of Glands with very fair Orifices. Of 
 
— _ _ __ __ 
 
 1 6 The Stomachs and (juts. 
 
 Of all the Quadrupeds I have open’d, peculiar to this 
 Animal, a Horje , and a Coney ( perhaps alfo an Afs and a 
 Hare) to have a true Colon ; if that of a Man be thefhnd- 
 ard for the Definition of it. 
 
 The Laid, or Stercoraceum, is alfo I of a yard long. Scarce 
 any where more than dan inch over 5 and towards the 
 Anus, not fo much. Whereas in moil Quadrupeds , ’tis there 
 wideft. f 
 
 Here are no Bags, as above deferibed in the Carnivo¬ 
 rous Animals. 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 Of GRAMIN1V0R0VS QVADKVPEDS • 4 
 
 Sheep and a Calf. 
 
 <0 A Sheep. 
 
 T^He Gulet of a SHEEP (three years old, and weighing 
 120 pounds Haverdupoife) about an inch and '■> over : 
 which with refpect to the Punch is but fmall. Compofed 
 of feveral Organical Parts: which becaufe they are here, as 
 well as in fomc other larger Animals, more confpicucus, I 
 ihall feme what more particularly deferibe them. 
 
 They are all of them, by Anatomifts, ufually, but impro¬ 
 perly called Coats : for the inermoft, are the chief Body of 
 the Gulet : So that ’tis the fame, as to call the Wood of a 
 hollow Plant, one of its Coats. ’Tis therefore compofed of 
 Five Membranes 5 Three in the middle,lined with a Fourth, 
 and faced with a Fifth. 
 
 TheUtmoft, and the Inmoft, are both Cuticular. The 
 Inmoft, or Glandulata , exceeding white, and very fri¬ 
 able : anfwerable to the outward Rind of the Root of a 
 Plant. 
 
 The next to it, is the Nervous. Which here,and in fome 
 other Voraceous Animals, is fo very thick, that it may 
 more properly be called the CORPVS NERVOSVM. Com¬ 
 pofed of Fibers, partly running by the length of the Gulet , 
 and in part tranverjly to the two Mufcular Membranes. 
 
 ^ Throughout 
 
Throughout the length of it, run many fmall Nerves, like 
 the fined Lawn-Thread. 
 
 This Corpus Nervofum , is, as I conceive the TENDON to 
 the two next or Mufcular Membranes. 
 
 Thefe Two (they are at lead two) are truly Mufcular. 
 
 Stenon hath obferved them to be fpirally continu’d: which 
 of fome of them is true, not of all And Dr. Willis faith 
 alfo truly. That they Decuffate , the one winding from the 
 right hand downwards, the other from the left. But, to 
 proceed where thefe two accurate Perfons have left 5 of the 
 admirable Texture of thefe two Mufcules, it is further ob- 
 fervable, That of each parcel of Fibers , one half is fo didri- 
 buted, as thofe Fibers which belong to the uppermod Muf- 
 cule on the right hand, are in their progrefs towards the 
 left, cad into that which lies underneath. And fo on the 
 contrary, thofe which belong to the Upmod on the left 
 hand, are cad, into that which lies underneath on the right : 
 both together making a perfect Plat, fomewhat like to that 
 in a Riding-Whip. The other half keeps always above, and 
 is continu’d by a compounded line, partly Spiraled partly 
 Elliptic/^ efpecially towards and at the bottom of the 
 Gala. 
 
 The Stomachs or Venters in a Sheep are Four. The 
 Fird, or Ranch , confideth of as many Membranes as the 
 Quiet. The Inmod and the next, fic. the Nervous, are raifed 
 up, and made all over rough with a multitude of fmall Ner¬ 
 vous and pointed Knots, in fome places fmaller and round 5 
 in others larger and flat: all very like thofe upon the 
 Tongue. 
 
 In the Ranch alfo are feveral Gibbofities , caufed chiefly 
 by the doublings and thicknefs of the Mufcular Mem¬ 
 branes, in thofe places. So that they are as it were the Ten¬ 
 dons of the faid Membranes. 
 
 The Second Venter, is by the Latins called Retiiculum, In 
 which are the like Nervous Knots, as in the Ranch, but 
 fmaller. And comprehended within feveral round Ridges 
 or Plates compofed together in the form of a Net or Honey-. 
 Coovie. 
 
 The Third, is called the Otnafus: by Butchers the Feci 
 Of a wonderful ftructure : being divided into above 40 
 Receptacles by fo many Sepiments, great and fmall: 
 
 C fome 
 
 
iS The Stomachy and Guts. 
 
 fome i, F or ? of an inch, others an inch, or two inches 
 broad. All cover’d with the like Knots, as the two former 
 Venters ; butextream (mall. 
 
 The Fourth Venter is called Abomafus : by Butchers , the 
 Read. The only analogous one to that in a Man- the 
 Membranes hereof being all alike. Saving, That the Plates 
 (as here they are rather than Folds) are far deeper 5 and 
 oppofitely and regularly mett in an oblique pollute. 
 
 The Guts are Six or Eight. The length of all, near 32 
 yards. The Firft, or Serpentine, from its Flexures,about t a 
 yard long, and ♦ of an inch over. 
 
 The Second, or Jejunum, about 13 yards and I, and as 
 wide as the firft. 
 
 The Third, or Ileum , 11 yards long; and an inch over. 
 
 The Fourth, or Caecum, above a Foot in length 5 and 
 where wideft, two inches and '. 
 
 The Fifth, is continu’d from the Caecum without cither 
 Valve or Contraction intervening. Above a yard long - 
 and an inch and * where narroweft. 
 
 TheLaft, may byway of Eminence, be called the Muf- 
 cular: being as thick as the Gulet it felf. And This may 
 befubdivided into Three. From the Fifth, it grows fmall 
 to the length of an Eln 5 where it is i an inch over. Of this 
 width it continues two Elns more and '. After it widens 
 again,to the Ames or the length of another Eln and i ; where 
 ’tis near an inch and i wide. In the Jejunum, the VefTels are 
 lefs numerous 5 in the Ileum , more 5 in the Caecum , and the 
 next, 1110ft; and in the Mufcular, leaft. 
 
 The Glands, not fo obfervable, as in thofe of a Calf, which 
 I fhall next deferibe. 
 
 A Calf. 
 
 The Number, Shape, and Texture of the Gulet and Ven¬ 
 ters of a CALF, are the fame, as of a Sheep. The Guts 
 much different. In length,about 2 o yards. In a well grown 
 . at thrice as long. Asking a Butcher, at his Slaughter¬ 
 
 house, How long he thought they might be 5 he guefled 30 
 yards. But believing him miftaken, I caufed them to be 
 meafurd, and found them full 60 yards, and four over, 
 which may be allowed for their ftretching, for that they 
 were meafur’d empty. They 
 
*9 
 
 Of Quadrupeds. 
 
 \ — -—- - - - — ; -—- - — 
 
 They may be reckon’d feven or nine. The Firft, the 
 Serpentinuvi , as in a Sheep. In length * a yard, and 1 of an 
 inch wide. 
 
 The Second, or Amplum (being the wideif of all the reft 
 but the C acum) is five yards and i long; and an inch and ’* 
 broad. Thefe two are very thin, and have fcarce any con- 
 
 Magis Glandofum, near feven yards long, 
 and an inch wide. Furniihed with a great many Clufters of 
 Glands, like thofe in a Pig , about 50 of them 5 an inch *, or 
 i long, and fome longer. 
 
 The Fourth, or Graciilimum , about two yards long 5 and 
 not above * an inch over. Whereas in a Sheep, the Guts 
 next the Venters, and that following, are near of one width. 
 Somewhat thicker and more flefhy than any of the former. 
 Hath feveral Clufters of large Glands, but nothing near fo 
 many, no not with refpect to its length, as the precedent: 
 and may therefore be alfo called Minus Glandofum. 
 
 The Fifth, or Maxime Glandofutn, is a yard and I long,and 
 an inch wide. By far the moll opacous, thick and ponde¬ 
 rous of all the five. Lined throughout the length, with 
 fuch a Glandulous Lace, as in a Pig. This Lace is thicker 
 than all the other Parts of the Gut together. At the begin¬ 
 ning * an inch, at the lower end an inch broad. The reft 
 of the Gut, over which this is not fpread, is perfpicuous. 
 
 The Sixth, or Caecum, near two feet long, and above two 
 inches and* over where wideft 5 where narroweft, an inch. 
 Very thin, and without any confiderable Glands. 
 
 The Laft, or Mufculare, two yards and I long, and of the 
 fame Diamctre in its feveral parts as in a Sheep 5 being 
 wide at both ends, and {lender in the middle: and may 
 therefore, as that, be fubdivided into three. 
 
 C 2 
 
 fpicuous Glands. 
 The Third, or 
 
 CHAP. 
 
20 
 
 The Stomachs and Guts. 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 Of the Vfes of the Quiet and Stomachs of Quadrupeds. 
 And fir si of the Gulet. 
 
 TN fpeaking hereof, I fhall, as in the Anatomical Part, infill 
 chiefly on thofe Particulars which have been omitted by 
 others. J 
 
 _ It may therefore firft be noted of the bore of the Gulet 
 i hat it is not every where alike anfwerable to the Body or 
 Stomach. As in a Fox , which both feeds on Bones, and fwal- 
 lows whole, or with little chewing 5 and next in a Dog, and 
 other Oflivorous Quadrupeds, 'tis very large ; fc. to prevent 
 a contufion therein. Next in a Horfe-, which though he 
 feeds on G>afs, yet fwallows much at once, andfo requires 
 a more open pallage. But in a Sheep, Rabbit, or Ox, which 
 bite Ihort, and fwallow lefs at once, 'tis fmaller But in a 
 Squirei m lefter, both becaufe he eats fine, and to keep him 
 from difgorging his meat upon his defeending leaps. And 
 fo in Rats and Mice, which often run along Walls with their 
 Heads downward. 
 
 The Thicknefs of the Gulet is al fo different. So in a 
 Weejle or Pole-Cat, which eat no Bones, more Membranous 
 or Skiny. In Dogs more Mufcular, greater force being re¬ 
 quired to carry down Bones, than Flefh. But in Sheep, 
 Hogs, Corn, Hordes moft of all 3 for three Reafons: Firft, 
 For that Grafs, and efpecially Hay is lefs flippery, and apt 
 to clog by the way. Secondly, Becaufe they eat continu¬ 
 ally, and fo the Gulet is in continual adhon, which it could 
 not bear without pain, were it not made fturdy for hard la- 
 our: in like manner, as are the Mufcules of the Chaps, 
 and efpecially the Majfeter, in all the faid Animals. Thirdly, 
 For that all they eat and drink (becaufe they hold theirHeads 
 down) muft be made by a greater force to afee,id into their 
 tomachs. Whereas in Carnivorous Animals, and efpe- 
 f la I a Man, it pafleth by defeent. And there are few, 
 ut may remember, how difficult it was, when they were 
 Boys, to drink with their Heads down at a Spring. And al¬ 
 though Dogs drink with their Heads down, yet they can 
 
 only 
 
Of Quadrupeds. 2 1 
 
 only Lap, their Gulet not being Mufcular enough to carry 
 up much at once. 
 
 Thefeveral Parts of the Gulet, have their diftinct Ufes. 
 
 The outer Membrane, is both a Fence, and a Swath to all 
 the reft j efpecially to the Mufcular. For the Nervous un¬ 
 derneath, being always capable of, and fometimes fubject 
 to inordinate expanfions (as Dr. Willis doth well conjecture) 
 it would Rack the Mufcular Membranes beyond their 
 Tone, were they not bound up within this. 
 
 The two Mufculars, chiefly fublerve the feveral Motions 
 of the Gulet. Amongft which, Dr. Willis reckons Ofcitation 
 or Yauning, and Expuition. Of the firft, (a) his words are M Phar- 
 thefe 5 In Ofcitatione, Oefopbagi duflum ampliari, & quaji a Ranoa 
 vento quodam inflari is? expandi fentimus. But who knows 
 not, that the Windpipe, and not the Gulet , is the part con¬ 
 cern’d in all kinds of Refpiration, whereof Ofcitation is one. 
 
 Of the latter, his words are thefe 5 (b) GuU Tunica carnofa, (b) ibid. 
 duplex quaji Mujculws cenferi debet • quorum alter , expuitio- 
 ms opus perfidt. At that time forgeting, that no man ever 
 fpat any thing out of his Stomach 5 no more than he can be 
 faid to vomit or eructate out of his Mouth. The Doc toi¬ 
 ls one, of whom I have learned much : and therefore I 
 mention thefe Things, only becaufe they lie in my way : 
 and that we may ftill remember, Nullius in Verba. 
 
 The Actions of the Gulet are therefore principally thefe 
 Three, Deglutition , Vomition, and Exudation. By one of the 
 Mufcular Membranes, faith the forementioned DoCtor, 
 fc. that which defeends, Deglutition is performed 5 by the 
 afeendent, Vomition. His words (c) are thefe, Cum unius Fi-(c) ibid. 
 hr arum or do dejcendens,Deglutitioni inferviat 5 alter afeendens, 
 Vomitiorm opus perficit. But that he was herein miftaken, I 
 conceive,appears from the ftruCture of the faid Membranes, 
 neither of which, is afeendent or defeendent, more than the 
 other 5 and from the manner of their Contexture, as is 
 above defcrib’d. Befides, if it were fo, why Ihould there 
 not be Afeendent and Defeendent Fibers or Mufcules, for 
 the Natural, and the Inverted Motions alfo of the Guts ? 
 
 I conceive therefore, That Deglutition and Vomition are 
 made by the Cooperation of both the faid Membranes : 
 only in the former, the Motion goes from the Throat 
 downward, in the latter, from the Stomach upward. And 
 
 fo 
 
The Stomachs and Guts. 
 
 fo in EruHation, only with lefs force. For the performance 
 of which Ac tions, Two Mufcules or Mufcular Membranes 
 are yet requifite; and thofe platted and interchanged, as 
 hatlr been defcrib’d : That is, by a double Plat of the Fi¬ 
 bers of both ; whereby half the nether Membrane on the 
 one fide the Gulet, becomes half the upper Membrane on 
 the other fide: and fo vice verfa, in fpiral rounds through¬ 
 out. To the end, That the Gulet being hereby contracted 
 in one part, and dilated in the next,might at the fame time, 
 thruft forward, and let pafs, any body therein contain’d: 
 and that the Paid Contractions and Dilatations might be 
 more eafily and regularly made, and by reciprocal "Undula¬ 
 tions , carry’d on from one end of the Gulet to the other. 
 Thefe Undulations , in the Gulet of a Horjfe , when lie drinks, 
 are very plainly feen. 
 
 And that this Undulation may be made with more fpeed, 
 it is obfervable, That the Paid Mufcular Fibers are not con¬ 
 tinu’d by a clofe, but very oblique or open fpiral Line. 
 Whereby, as the fpiral Rounds or Circuits, f o the Undula¬ 
 tions, are the fewer ; and confequently, not (lowly (as in 
 the Guts) but much fooner finifhed. 
 
 Hence it is, That a Cat hath fo difficult a fwallow, the 
 meat commonly feeming to flick in her Throat. Not from 
 the fmallnefs of her Gulet 5 but for that in the longer half 
 of it, the Mufcular Fibers are continu’d in fo clofe a fpiral 
 Line, as rather tofeem Annular. Whereby, the Undulati¬ 
 ons of the Gulet are more (lowly and difficultly made. So 
 that a more difficult fwallow, being one thing neceffary to 
 make her not greedy, but patiently to watch for her Prey; 
 Nature hath therefore contriv’d her Gulet for that pur- 
 pole. 
 
 The Nervous Membrane, or (as in fome Graminivorous 
 Animals it may be call’d) Corpus Nervofum, hath hitherto 
 been thought to ferve only for fenfe. Dr. Willis Con¬ 
 jectures, That it is alfo the Inftrument of fome certain mo¬ 
 tions of expanfion in Ofcitation and Preternatural Inflation: 
 which is all he faith. 
 
 But to Ale, it feemeth, That it Cooperates with the 
 Mufcular Membrane to all the Natural Motions of the 
 Gulet., in Deglutition , Vomition, and Eruciation. And, to 
 fpeak properly, That ’tis nothing elfe but a HOLLOW 
 
 TEN- 
 
Of Quadrupeds. 
 
 1 ENDON; that is, the Tendon of the two Mufcular Mem¬ 
 branes. 
 
 It may be Objected, That then it fhould he above, not 
 under the Membranes. But in a Girard, we find the Ten¬ 
 don fpread within or underneath the Flefhy part of the 
 Mufcules, as well as above. F 
 
 The truth of this will further appear, ifweconfider the 
 great Thicknefs of this Membrane, where the molt force- 
 able motions of the Gulet are required. For it would ferve 
 as well for fenfation, if it were ten times as thin: the grofs- 
 nefs of the fenfory, not being necefTary to the exquifitenefs 
 of the fenfe 5 but of the mover, always to the ftrength of 
 the motion. And therefore, whereas the Cuticulur or ut- 
 moft Membrane is much of the fame thicknefs in all Ani¬ 
 mals 5 the Nervous is much varied according to the thin- 
 nefs or thicknefs of the Mufcular: that is, where the Muf- 
 cule is thick, the Tendon is proportionable. The notice 
 of which in Oxen , tec. fheweth the fame ufe hereof in a 
 man. 
 
 The Inmoft Skin or Lining of th cGula, is to be a pro¬ 
 tection to the Nervous, as the outer is to the Mufcular 5 that 
 fo nothing hard, fait, fower, or any way acrimonious, may 
 be injurious to it. To keep it the better within bounds, in 
 all the motions of the Gulet. To be the Bed of the Glands. 
 And one feat of Thirl! 5 which oftentimes lies no deeper 
 than the Throat and upper part of the Gulet: and is cured 
 by any thing which by moitfening the Throat fhall give 
 vent to the Mucus fiagnant therein, 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 Of the ZJfes of the Stomachs of Quadrupeds . 
 
 A Nd firft, all Carnivorous Quadrupeds have the fmalleft 
 Ventricles 5 flefh going fartheft. Thofe that feed on 
 Fruits and Roots have them of a middle fize. Yet the 
 Mole, becaufe It feeds unclean, hath a very great one. Sheep 
 and Oxen, which feed on Grafs , have the greateff. Yet the 
 Horje (and for the fame reafon the Coney and Hare) though 
 
 Grami - 
 
The Stomachs and Guts. 
 
 24 
 
 Graminivorous , yet comparatively have but little ones. For 
 that a Horfe is made for labour, and both This and the Hare 
 for quick and continu'd motion : for which, the mod eafie 
 Respiration, and fo the freed: rnption of the Diaphragme is 
 very requeue, which yet could not be,fhould the Stomach 
 lie big and cumberfome upon it, as in Sheep and Oxen it 
 doth. For which caufe Nature hath here transfer d the 
 greater part of the Alimental Lugage into the Ccecum. 
 
 The Neck of the Stomach, near the Gut, is commonly 
 reflected backward, fo as to make an acute Angle with the 
 Back of it. To the end, the extrufion of the prepared Ali¬ 
 ment to the Gut, may be dinted. And that the thiner part, 
 which will more eafily wind about, may the better pafs 
 away, and leave the reft behind. Sometimes it hath three 
 or lour F/exwes, as in Sheep and Oxen : for that the Gut 
 being fo frnall with refped to the Venter, and with all fo very 
 thin 5 it would, by too fudden or copious an irruption of 
 the Aliment , be in danger of being burft. And for the 
 fame reafons, the Stomach of a Fig, fo voraceous a Crea¬ 
 ture, is alfo furnilhed with a Stopple. 
 
 The diftinct ufes of the Parts of the Stomach, are many 
 of them the fame as of the Gulet. I (hall not therefore re¬ 
 peat, but proceed to thofe particulars as remain to be ex¬ 
 plicated. 
 
 And firft, ’tis plain, in thofe thick Stomachs of an Ox or 
 a Sheep, that the carneous Membranes are true Mufcules: 
 which condudeth us more eafily to believe that of a man 
 alfo Mufcular. Tis certain, that the Mufcules of the Abdo¬ 
 men in fome Animals, as in Squirels , are thiner than thofe of 
 a mans Stomach. 
 
 Now the Nervous and Mufcular Parts joyntly fubferve 
 to all the motions of the Stomach, which I reckon five, viz. 
 Corrugation, AfiriBion, Vndidation, Convulfion, and Voluntary 
 Motion. 
 
 Corrugation, is when there is a double motion of Con- 
 tradion, beginning from both the Orifices of the Stomach, 
 and fo drawing it up into innumerable frnall Wrinkles. For 
 the better exprellion of the Mucus out ot the Glands of the 
 inner Membrance. For a clofer comprehenfion of the Ali¬ 
 ment, and immiftion of the (aid Mucus or other fermenting 
 Juyce, into it. And for the gradual expreftion ot the colli- 
 
 quated 
 
25 
 
 Of Quadruped r. 
 
 quated parts thereof into the Gut. In this motion, the ut- 
 moft Mufcular Fibers contract the Stomach in length $ and 
 the inermoft, in breadth. 
 
 Aftrittion, is a Contraction only about the Pylorus 5 per¬ 
 formed by the inermoft Fibers alone. For the firmer Re¬ 
 tention of the Aliment , and its orderly difmiilion into the 
 Gut. 
 
 Undulation , is when the Contraction is made in feveral 
 parts of the Stomach fucceftively, beginning at one Orifice, 
 or End, and terminating at the oppofite. Made alfo by 
 the Inner Fibers $ after the fame manner, as the Undulation 
 or Perijlaltick. Motion of the Guts. The ufe of it, is either 
 for Excretion or Emulation. If it begins from the Quiet, it 
 ferves, after the fineft of the Aliment isdifeharg’d by Corru¬ 
 gation, for Excretion of the reft. But it the Undulation be 
 Inverted,or begins from the Pylorus,\t produceth Emulation. 
 Anfwering to the like Inverted Motion, which fometiines 
 happens in the Guts. 
 
 Convulfion , is a forcible and fuddain Contraction of all 
 the Orders of Fibers, outer, middle, and inrnoft. The ufe 
 hereof with Undulation , is for Vomition. For firft, there is 
 only an Inverted Undulation , that is, I conceive, when there 
 is only a Naucea or tendency to Vomit. Which Undulation 
 alfo, carries part of the matter by degrees, to the upper 
 mouth of the Stomach. And growing quicker and ftronger, 
 atlaft turns into a Convulfion ■, the Stomach being hereby 
 contrac ted both in width and length,and the Pylorus forced 
 up to the upper Orifice (as a Bar bars Puff in powdering the 
 Hair , or the Bladder in the Injection of a Clyfter) and fo 
 produceth actual Vomition. 
 
 The Voluntary Motion of the Stomach, is that only which 
 accompanies Rumination. That it is truly voluntary, is 
 clear, from the Command that Ruminating Animals have 
 of that Action. For this purpofe it is, that the Mufcules 
 of their Venters are fo thick and ftrong 5 and have feveral 
 Duplicatures as the Bafes of thofe Mufcules, whereupon the 
 ftrefs of their motion lies. By means whereof, they are able 
 with eafe to ■rowl and tumble any part of the meat from 
 one Cell of the fame Venter to another, or from one Ven¬ 
 ter to another, or from thence into the Quiet, whenfoever 
 they are minded to do it. So that the Ejection of the meat 
 
 D in 
 
2 6 
 
 The Stomachs and Guts. 
 
 in Rumination, is a Voluntary Eructation. Not at all labo¬ 
 rious to them,becaufe of the great ftrength of the Mufcules 
 of their Stomach and Gulet to command and govern the 
 fame. 
 
 By the Joy nt affiflance of the Glandulous and the Ner¬ 
 vous Membranes, the buhnefs of Chylifocation feems to be 
 perform’d. The Mucous Excrement of the Blood being 
 fupply’d by the former, as an Animal Corrofive , preparing - 
 and the Excrement of the Nerves by the latter,as an Animal 
 Ferment, perfecting the Work. And the Coccus Ventricu¬ 
 lar of a -Hog, feems to be a Repo/itory provided for fuch a 
 mixed Leven or Menftruum : whereby he not only becomes 
 more voraceous,having thence continual irritations to eat: 
 but all he eats, is thereby likewife well digeded. 
 
 The Folds of the Stomach, which in its Corrugation mud 
 needs be much deeper than when it is dilated, or of ufe. To 
 divide the Aliment into feveral Portions, and thereby ad- 
 mimfter their Ferments not only to the Circumference, but 
 intimate parts of the Mafs to be fermented. 
 
 The pointed Knots, like little Papilla, in the Stomachs 
 of divers Ruminating Beads, are alfo of great ufe, viz. For 
 the Tatfing of the Meat. Dr. Willis defcribing the Inner 
 Membrane of the Stomach (not of a Bead, but exprefly 
 of a Man) fpeaketh thus; Hac Cruft a Ventriculum (Huma- 
 num puta) iiitrn obtegens, /mills videtur Illi, qua Linguam 
 obtegit. Wherein he was midaken: this Inner Membrane 
 being Glandulous; the Skin of the Tongue not fo, but only 
 Fibrous. But of divers Beads which Ruminate, thus much 
 is true, That in their Three drd Venters, the Inner Mem¬ 
 brane is Fibrous, and not Glandulous 5 the fourth only be¬ 
 ing Glandulous, as in a man. Of the Fibers of this Mem¬ 
 brane and the Nervous, are compofed thofe pointed Knots 
 00 chap. 4. before deferibed (a) both in fubltance and fhape,altogether 
 like to thofe upon the Tongue. Whence I doubt not, but 
 that the laid Three Ventricles, as they have a power of Volun¬ 
 tary Motion: fo likewife, that they are the Seat of Taft, 
 and as truly the Organs of that fenfe, as is the Tongue it 
 fed. 
 
 Ladly, and confequently, the faid Nervous Knots, are 
 of ufe to Methodize the Work of Rumination, after this 
 manner. The Animal having eaten enough for the Panel) 
 
 well 
 
Of Quadrupeds 
 
 well to govern ; rowles and tumbles the meat to and fro 
 therein: and at the fame time, with the help of the faid 
 Nervous Knots of feveral degrees of finenefs (as the Gold- 
 fmitb hath his Afayers of feveral degrees of nicenefs) judges 
 of the Courfenefs or Finenefs, Crudencfs, or Concoction of'* 
 any part of it; and accordingly lets it reft,or removes it. So 
 then the groiTeft ofthefe Ajfayers ftanding about the Gulet, 
 and fo in the paflage ot the meat between the Panel) and the 
 Reticulum , being the proper judges of what is Courfe or 
 Crude 5 if they find ltfo, then ’tis tumbled back to receive 
 a further maturation in the Ranch. If fomewhat fine and 
 Concocted, ’tis then permitted to pafs on and rowl into the 
 Reticulum. And the faid Ajfayers or Nervous Knobs being 
 here lharper and fofter, than in the Ranch ; have ftill a more 
 accurate Taft: and therefore what they yet find too courfe, 
 the Reticulum forthwith throws it up into the Gulet and 
 Mouth. From whence, being further refined, ’tis re¬ 
 manded to the Reticulum 5 and thence after a while, into 
 the Third Stomach or the Omajws. And This again being 
 a more nice AJfayer than the Reticulum 5 if it feels the meat 
 fine and foft enough, paffeth it into the laft Stomach or 
 Abomafus. But if otherwife, throws it back into the Reti¬ 
 culum , and the Reticulum into the Gulet and Mouth to be 
 labour’d once again, and fo remanded. 
 
 CHAP. VII. 
 
 Of the ZJfes of the Guts of Quadrupeds. 
 
 I Shall here, as before, pafs over fuch particulars as have 
 been fpoken of by others; and divers alfo which being 
 obfervable in the Gulet and Stomachs, as well as here, have 
 been already fufficiently explain’d. 
 
 And firft the different Bore of the Guts is obfervable. 
 So, for example, the Guts of a Horfe are very wide. For 
 that he both fwalloweth,and difehargeth from his Stomach 
 into his Guts, the meat more grofs 5 which therefore re- 
 quireth a more open paffage, left it Ihould clog. As alfo, 
 that it may move with greater fpeed towards the Caecum, 
 
 D 2 here 
 
28 
 
 The Stomachs and Guts. 
 
 M chap. 6. hcrc ’ W/ or tlle reaf on above-faid, defign’d by Nature to be 
 a fecond Stomach. Whereas in an Ox or a Sheep, the meat 
 having paflcd four fucceffive Concoctions, 'tis thence deli¬ 
 vered to the Guts of a much finer fubftance ; and fo 
 moveth fafe enough throuh a much fmaller Chanel 5 and 
 faft enough, there being much lefs work here left, for the 
 Ccecum to perform. 
 
 The Contraction alfo of the Guts, or leifening of the 
 Bore by feveral Necks, is of good ufe. As for inflance, in an 
 Vrchan ox Cat ; ferving to flint the Tranfition of the meat, 
 that it be not over quick, and dividing the Guts into fo 
 many little Venters , in which the meat reflagnates for fome 
 time, in order to its reception of as many repeated Con¬ 
 coctions. Whereby alfo in thefe Animals the work of the 
 C cecum, and therefore the making of it, feems fuperfeded. 
 
 Moreover, the rations length of the Guts is obfervablc, 
 
 . ccording to the cleannefs, or more fewer nutritive parts of 
 the Food ; or its colhquability into Chyle. So in a Wee fie 
 oxSquirel, that feeds much on Eggs, and Nuts, andfuch 
 like fine and nutritive food, they are extream fhort. And m 
 all Grofs eaters, longer than in other Quadrupeds. And 
 thcreiore one reafon, why the Guts of a Sheep or Ox are 
 fender, is, that they may be long. For were they Ihorter 
 and wider, it would not be tantamount: For the food being 
 Grafs, It is not fufficient that they Ihould hold enough: but 
 aho neceffary, that they give a longer voyage to a fubftance 
 io jejune, for a thorow folution and exuction of all its nu¬ 
 tritive parts. Befides, that in a fmaller Channel, the faid 
 parts will all along lie nearer to the Lacteal Veins, and fo 
 more eafily be exprefs’d into them. 
 
 j he Membranes of the Guts, have a general analogy in 
 all Quadrupeds, and divers of their Ufes have been well 
 aflignd. I fhall therefore only Note, That as the fpiral 
 Fibers contract or purfe up the Bore of the Gut ; fo thofe 
 that run by the length, draw it up ihorter, and fo dilate it. 
 
 V hereby, as one part of the Gut may prefsthe meatfor- 
 wk, °r as it were uifgorgeit, fo another gape to receive 
 N -a t ie fame time. And in cafe one Gut fhould by ano¬ 
 ther, or by fome Bowel, be opprefs’d,being by the faid Con- 
 tiac ion in length removed a little out of its place 5 the free- 
 uom of its motion, or any thing therein, will thereby be 
 regam d. ; Suc 
 
Of Quadrupeds. 
 
 But in a Mole , the fame Fibers which run by the length, 
 being Indented,do alfo for a little way,each parcel obliquely 
 run by the breadth of the Gut. Whereby they are able, 
 without the help of fpiral Fibers , to narrow or Shorten the 
 Gut of themfelvesand alfo to do both in the fame place.For 
 by the Relaxation of the Fibers, the fides of every Indenture, 
 muft needs grow both wider and more diftant,and the Gut 
 wider and more extended, at the fame time : and fo Vice 
 verfa. Probably with this defign, That the Shells of Fi¬ 
 fe els may make a more fafe transition, without raking 
 againft the tender fides of the Guts. 
 
 The Glands of the Guts are likewife of great Ufe. The 
 Mucus which they fpew, ferves to make the Guts Slip¬ 
 pery, that the meat may the more eafily and fafely glide 
 along. As alfo for another Ferment fu per induc'd to that 
 of the Stomach, and fo a further colliquation of the meat. 
 With refpect to both which Ufes,the faid Glands, according 
 to the Bore of the Guts, the hardnefs or foftnefs, courfeneSs 
 or colliquability of the meat, are more or lefs numerous; 
 as in the precedent Examples. 
 
 And that this Mucus may be duly fupply’d, Nature Still 
 allows Blood-Veffels proportionable to the plenty of Glands. 
 And hath taken care that the VeSfels enter not the Guts on 
 the fame fide on which the Glands are feated, but the oppo¬ 
 site : that having Space enough to branch themfelves into 
 the fmalleft capillary Tubes, before they reach the Glands, 
 there may be the lefs danger, that any Sincere Blood Should 
 with the Mucus make an Inundation into them. 
 
 Through the fame Glands,as fo many little Springs,I con¬ 
 ceive, That the Humours are either emunged, or precipi¬ 
 tated, out of the Blood, in Purgation. For that one So Small 
 a Pipe , as that of the Pancreas Should bring fo great a quan¬ 
 tity, is not at all probable. And the Glands being a vifible 
 way, I know no reafon, wherefore we Should have recourfe 
 to any invisible one. 
 
 Thus the fame Glands are a great means to prevent Fea- 
 vers, and other ill effects of Cold by a Diarrhea. For when 
 by a fuddain aflriction of the Pores of the Skin, or other- 
 wife, the ufual perfpiration is Stop d : the redundant matter 
 in the Blood, is often fafely difeharged, by the Glands, into 
 the Guts. But if the matter be very (harp, or rjaiheth upon 
 
3° 
 
 The Stomachs and Guts. 
 
 the Glands too fuddainly; it fometimes corrodes or breaks 
 them, and fo makes way for Blood alfo: as may be obferv’d 
 in the Guts of fuch as die of a Dyfentry. 
 
 TheUfeof the Caecum is manifold, but divers in divers 
 Animals 5 according to the make of it, and the Relation it 
 bears to the Stomachs and the Guts. And firft, for the mod 
 part, it ferves to give a fecond Deliberate Concoction to 
 the meat, that nothing nutritive in it may be loft. For 
 which purpofe, it is always furnifh’d with Glands, as well as 
 the other Guts. And,with rcfpedt to its width,is commonly 
 but thin,or lefs mufcular,that fo being lefs apt to conftringe 
 it felf, it may give a due time of ftay to the meat deliver'd 
 to it. For which end alfo it is placed out of the common 
 Road of the Guts 5 that being thereby lefs receptive of their 
 Venjlaltich Motion ; it may lie the moreftill. For the fame 
 intent the Ccecum in a Sheep hath feveral Flexures anfwerable 
 to thofe in the 4 th Stomach or A bomafus. And in a Hog, ft is 
 drawn up into Cells on both fides, like the Colon, to make 
 it fo much the more retentive. In the Coney, the fame is 
 done ftill more effectually, by the fpiral Plate, or Connivent 
 Valve winding from end to end. And in the Horfe, not by 
 two only,but four Rows of Cells on the four Tides. In which 
 two laft Animals the faid Ufe is fo eminent, that the Caecum, 
 confidenng its bignefs withall, is the chief Stomach, and 
 much fuperior to the Stomach fo call’d. And it is alfo ob- 
 fervable, That tire Abomafideus in a Rat, hath the fame re¬ 
 lation to the Caecum ; as m a Sheep, the Abotnafus hath to the 
 other Stomachs. Hence likewife it may be, that fome Ani¬ 
 mals have little or no Caecum : either becaufe the meat is fo 
 difloluble, as not to need a fecond deliberate Concoction, as 
 in a Wee fie ; or for that Nature hath made fomething elfe 
 to ferve without it; as thofe feveral Contractions in the 
 Guts of a Cat 5 and the Valvulce Conniventes in the fmall 
 Guts of a Man. Where we may obferve, That thefe Valves 
 are not every where fpiral, as is thought, but do alfo make 
 fome perfe<ff anddiftindt Rings: whereby they are fitter to 
 retard the motion of the meat in its defeent. 
 
 Another Ufe may be, For a Retreat 5 Either to the meat, 
 if it (hould chance to rufh too faft into the Gut below it: Or 
 to the Excrements, in cafe the Animal is diverted from a 
 prefent ejection of them. 
 
 The 
 
Of Birds'. 31 
 
 The laft Ufe, I fhall name, may be this. That in cafe the 
 meat, or the Excrements in the lower Guts ihould be at any 
 time fo dry and hard, as too (lowly, and not without much 
 ftrefs to the Guts, to defeend; the Caecum is as a Clyfier-Bag, 
 always ready with its liquid Content, to be in fome part 
 thereinto injected. For which purpofe, it ufually makes an 
 acute angle with the upper Guts, and opens directly into 
 thofe below it. 
 
 The Make of the Colon, with other Ufes, alfo anfwers 
 to the greater need of Retention. Either becaufe of the up¬ 
 right pofture, as in a Man 5 or frequent and fpeedy motions, 
 as in a Horfe or Hare: where,without the Cells of the Colon, 
 to retain the Excrements from the Reckon, there would be 
 a continual Con at us egerendi: 
 
 The ReBtum, or rather Stercoraceum of a Cat, being pecu¬ 
 liarly of fo great a bulk ; I will conclude with a Conjecture 
 of one Ufe of it: and that is, To be as a Counter-poifie to her 
 Head: whereby, from what height foever (he falls, (he (till 
 lights upon her (eet. 
 
 CHAP. VIII. 
 
 Of the Stomachs and Guts of BIRDS. 
 
 B Ecaufe that many particulars will here occur,which are 
 intelligible from the former Defcriptions, and have 
 already been explain’d 5 I (hall therefore be the (horter. 
 Of about Forty, which I have open’d, I (hall deferibe thefe 
 Thirteen that follow, fc. of a Cafowary, an Owl , a Cuckow, a 
 Bunghil-Cock. , a Tame Pigeon , a Jackdaw, a Starling ,a Yellow- 
 hammer, a Bull-finch, a Wry-neck , a Bunting , a Reed-Sparrow , 
 and a Houfe-Swallow: and figure them all, but thofe of a 
 Cuckow. With Notes upon others, as I proceed. 
 
 Of a Cafowary. 
 
 The C ASO WARY hath no Crop. But a wider Gulet, I 
 fuppofe,as well as Guts,than in any other Bird. Far greater 
 than thofe of an Oflrich 5 although the Body be much lefs. 
 The Gulet, where wideft,-or near the Throat,about five inches 
 
 ■over 5 
 
T he Stomachs and Guts. 
 
 over 5 next the Stomach, two. Sprinkled with many finall 
 Glands, as it is, more or Ids, in all Birds. 
 
 At the bottom of it, the E.chinm 5 common to all Birds 
 that I have open’d. But here lefs confpicuous. The Figure 
 hath not exprefs’d it. It hath always a Lining of much 
 larger Glands than thofe in the Gulet or Crop 5 commonly 
 of an Oval Figure, and each of them with an open mouth 
 fpewing out a Mucus. 
 
 He hath no Gizard (as hath the Opich ) 5 yet a thick 
 Mufcular Stomach, as in other Carnivorous Birds. Almoft 
 of an Oval ihape 5' and fmall with refpedt to the Guts: ex- 
 prefled fomewhat too big for the Scale, (as alfo the Quiet 
 and Guts') in the Figure. The Pylorus guarded with a kind 
 of Valve. 
 
 The Guts not two yards and half long. Befide the two 
 Caeca, are three. The larger, next the Stomach: as it is, in 
 almoft all other Birds. About three inches and I over, 
 where wideft. The fmaller, fomewhat above two. The 
 Rechon, the largeft, fc. about four. Much wider than 
 even thofe of a Horfe, excepting only his Cat cum and his 
 Colon. 
 
 He hath two Caeca ; as have almoft all Birds. Yet here 
 very fmall, about * a foot long, but no thicker than a 
 Womans little Finger. Here, as in all other Birds, making 
 obtufe Angles with the Relium. So that what is find of them 
 in Mr. Willugbby’s Ornithologia , -—Cum Jntepno Redo an- 
 gulos acutos fadmit: was only a flip of that mod accurate 
 Ben. 
 
 The Re cl am is feparated from the next above, by a Con- 
 nivent Valve. 
 
 Of an Owle. 
 
 The Gulet of a young Grey-OWLE, is of an indifferent 
 fize. At the bottom of it, the Echinus. And fomewhat 
 more apparent, than in the Cafowary, but lefs than in moil 
 frugivorous Birds. 
 
 The Stomach, a middle Thing betwixt that of other 
 Carnivorous Birds, and a Gizard, fc. a plain Bag, yet in the 
 middle fomewhat Tendinous. 
 
 The Guts in length two feet and Y Three, befides the 
 
 Caeca. 
 
Of Birds. 
 
 33 
 
 C<xca. The fird or Ampltan, a foot long ; and above ? of 
 an inch broad. The Gracile, which reachcth to the Case a, 
 a foot and three inches 5 and above i of an inch where nar¬ 
 rowed. ^ In this Gut, arc 1 5 or 1 <5 Contractions, hire thofe 
 in a Cats, but made longer. 
 
 Th cCaca, fourunc'hes and I long. As the Gizard of a 
 middle Nature, fo thefe of a middle fize, betwixt thofe of 
 fome Carnivorous, and fome Frugivorom Birds. At their 
 clofe or further ends, '• an inch over. But where they en¬ 
 ter the Rectum, no thicker than the biged firing of a Trebel 
 Vial. 
 
 The Rectum, three inches long 5 towards the Anus, near 
 an inch wide 5 almoft in the Figure of a little Pear. As it is 
 alfo in mod Wild-Fowl. 
 
 Of a young Cucbpm. 
 
 Neither hath this Bird any Crop, nor a Gizard. But to 
 the Gulet it is peculiar, That it hath Ten or Twelve Rows 
 of more confpicuous Glands, which run along from the 
 Throat to the Echinus. 
 
 The Echinus, of a ratable bignefs, and more didindl 
 from the Stomach, than in the Owle 3 being divided from 
 it by a Mufcular Neck. As it is alfo in mod other Birds. 
 
 The Stomach, a plain Bag, much like to that of an Owle ; 
 yet fomewhat thicker, and more Tendinous. 
 
 The Guts about a foot and I long. Three befides the 
 Caeca. The fird, an inch and < long 5 and near ?of an inch 
 wide. The fecond, above a foot, and * th wide. The Caeca, 
 as wide in the middle, as the fird 5 and above an inch long! 
 The Rectum, two inches and ;. 
 
 The Wild-Duck, and Teal alfo, and I fuppofe all of this 
 kind, and mod other Birds, are without a Crop. 
 
 Of a Dunghill-Coc^. 
 
 A DUNGHILL-COCK, hath one Stomach or Ventricle 
 more than the former Birds, fc. a Crop: all over be- 
 fprinkled with fmall Glands, fomewhat more vifible than in 
 the Gulet. 
 
 The upper part of the Gulet, leading to the‘Crop, I of an 
 
 E inch 
 
The Stomachs and Guts. 
 
 34 
 
 inch over. But the lower part, leading from it towards the 
 Echinus, very ilender, not above * wide. 
 
 The Echinus almoft an Oval fhape, being divided from 
 theGizard by a pretty long and Ilender Neck. And may 
 therefore be properly call’d the Second or Oval Ventricle. 
 
 The Third, is the Gizprd, in the place of the plain Bag 
 or Stomach in the former Birds. ’Tis made of Six MuJcedes 
 and a Cartilaginous Lining in the greater Concave ; which 
 may be called the Laboratory. Thofe four, which make the 
 greateff part of the Gizard , may be called the Grinders. 
 Of extraordinary thicknefs; whereby the length of the 
 Convex, is crofs to the length of the Concave of the Gizard. 
 Yet thinner towards the Edges,fo as to make a kind of dou¬ 
 ble Hyperbola. In the Centre hereof on both (ides meet 
 the Tendons of the faid Mufcules, continued or expanded for 
 about i an inch in breadth, without any Carneous or Red 
 Fibers mixed with them. From whence, they are divided, 
 the one, which is the lfronger, fpread over, the other, under 
 the Mufcules ; into which they are alfo branched all the 
 way, fo as meeting in the body of the Mufcule they make 
 a fort of fine Cancellated Work, as maybe feen better in 
 the Gizard o( a Goofe-, efpecially in a thin dice hereof par- 
 boyl’d, and held up againft a Candle. And in all Gizards, 
 fo as to be feen to run crofs, as in that of a Pullet in Tab. 2 9. 
 
 The Fifth Mufcule is that which ftandeth between the 
 Echinus and the four Mufcules now defcrib’d, and may be 
 called the Deduclor, from the ufe hereafter mention’d. Very 
 thin with rcfpcct to the former 5 placed at the upper end of 
 the left edge of the Gizard , and fpread a little on the fide, 
 but not fo much as in the Figure. Better reprefented, 
 Tab. 29. 
 
 The Sixth, is fuch another Mufcule , handing oppofite to 
 the former, fc. on the right edge of the Gizard, and may be 
 called the Redudor, as fhall be fhew’d why. 
 
 The four Grinders are ftrengthened within,not only with 
 a Tendon , but a Griftly Lining, thicker than the outer Ten- 
 don, with a rough furface, and wrinkled into feveral Tranf- 
 verje Furrows, from one end to the other. 
 
 The Guts are about a yard and ? long. Three befides 
 the Catca. The firft, the fmaller 5 contrary to what it is 
 in mod Birds. Not much above * of an inch, where wideft. 
 
 About 
 
Of Birds. 
 
 About two feet and I long. Where it joyns with the Great¬ 
 er, hands the end of the DuEius Inteftinalis, accurately de¬ 
 ferred (a) by Dr. Walter Needham. 
 
 The Greater, where wideft ' an inch. The ReEdum, fome- 
 what more. The Caeca near eight inches long : at the fur¬ 
 ther end, above ? of an inch over 5 but where they open 
 into the Reclum, no thicker than the great Hiring of a Bafe- 
 Viol. 
 
 ’Tis proper to the Gallinaceous kind , to have a great Gi¬ 
 zard. That of a good big Turkey , neat eight Ounces Troy. 
 Whereas that of a Japan Peacockjs, not above two: yet the 
 Body about half as big as that of the Turkey. 
 
 Not only all the Gallinaceous kind ; but the Duck., and, I 
 fuppofe, all of that kind, have two very long Caeca. 
 
 Ofo Tame Pigeon. 
 
 The Gulet of a Tame PIGEON, near the Throat, very 
 wide; almoft: an inch and I over. 
 
 The Crop is above three inches broad 5 above two, long, 
 and an inch and I deep. Not fo diftindt from the Gulet \ 
 as in the Gallinaceous kind 3 this and the Gulet running 
 one into another in a direft Line. In the Belly of it, are 
 few vifible Glands: but the Neck thence down to the 
 Echinus , is curioufly Lined with fix or feven Glandulous 
 Laces. 
 
 The Crop of a Carrier-Pigeon, is curioufly ihap’d 5 as it 
 were Treble-Belly’d: the two outmoft or fide-Belhes, open¬ 
 ing into that in the middle. The bottom and Neck where¬ 
 of, are lined with feveral Glandulous Laces, as that of the 
 Tame Pigeon. 
 
 The Crop ot the Cropper-Dove, is almoft of the fame 
 Figure. But the Gulet of a wonderful extent ; when blown 
 up lightly, above nine inches in the girth. 
 
 The Echinus large, and fo the Glands therein 3 for the 
 fight of which, I have reprefented it infide outward. Divid¬ 
 ed, as ufually, from the Gizard by a Mufcular Neck, 
 
 The Gizard rounder than of moft other Birds. The Mnf- 
 cules very thick and high in the middle, and flater at the 
 edges. The Deduclor Hands at the top of it, and the Reduftor 
 at the bottom. 
 
 E 2 The 
 
 35 
 
 (a) Lib. de 
 Foetu For- 
 mato. 
 
The Stomachs and Guts. 
 
 I 6 
 
 The Greater Gut a foot long, and near * ths of an inch 
 where widcft. The {lender Gut above 1 a yard long, and 
 not much above *‘ h of an inch over where fmalleft. The 
 Caeca not more than * of an inch long, nor thicker than a 
 Kniting-Pin. Placed about an inch above the Rettum, 
 The Return near ? of an inch wide, and an inch and i lone. 
 
 Of a Jacbflaiv. 
 
 The Gulet above {an inch over at the top; * at the bot¬ 
 tom 5 being Conick, all the way, as in moll Birds. 
 
 The Gizard, above 1 of an inch over, an inch and i long, 
 and very Tendinous. The Guts a foot and? long. The 
 firlf or Greater, i of a foot 5 and i of an inch wide. The 
 fmaller. Ten inches long, and fomewhat more than * of an 
 inch over. The Helium, two inches long, and above { an 
 inch over 5 fhaped like the end of a Plummers fodering Iron. 
 The Caeca, not much above '• of an inch long, and very 
 fmall. 
 
 All along the {lender Gut, and in part of the Recium, the 
 chief Mufailar Fibers are moll curioufly Indented', as in the 
 Mole 5 efpecialy near the Caeca. Not ill refembling the 
 Needle-Work called Irifb-Stitch. 
 
 Tranfverfe to thefe Fibers which make the Indentures,and 
 which are continu’d by the length of the Gut, run others of 
 the fame colour, round about it 5 one of them to every In¬ 
 denture, which it divides into two equal parts. 
 
 The fame Indented-Work, is feen in mod other fmaller 
 Birds, as well as here,, but not every where after the fame 
 manner, nor in the fame place. In the Twite or Avicida 
 ■ Anadavadenfts, it continues alfo very far, fc. four inches 
 above the Caeca. In the Redjart, above three. And in the 
 Titlark■> as far. In the Water-Wagtaile, not above two and 
 ' 5 and an inch below them. In the Solitary-Sparrow, they 
 are alfo very pretty below the Caeca. In the Houje-Sp arrow, 
 they are vifiblc only in the fmall Gut an inch and * above 
 the ( ceca. In the Chaffinch, only in the Recium. 
 
 The Gulet of a Jay, being contracted in the middle, is 
 divided into two {lender Venters, as the Guts of fome Ani¬ 
 mals. So alfo is that ot a Japan Peacock. 
 
 The Recium of a Jay, hath feveral Mufcular Plates , or 
 
 Valvulce 
 
Of Birds'. 
 
 Valvula Conniventss placed at the diftance of I or * of an 
 inch. 
 
 Of a Starling. 
 
 The Gulet exceedeth not s an inch in width. The Echinus 
 (mail, with refpedt to the other parts. The Gizard, mean 5 
 near an oval fhape: the lie duel or confpicuous. Next to the 
 Gizard hands the (lender Gut, and the Greater follows 5 as 
 in the Dunghill-Cock,: contrary to the order kept in molt 
 other Birds. Where they meet,there is a remarquable Con¬ 
 traction. The Indentures run along the lower half of 
 the Ample Gut; with fome Undulations oyer-againft the 
 Crtca. 
 
 Ofa Yellorvhammer. 
 
 Th c Gulet, at top is dilated into a’ Crop an inch and I 
 long, and above i an inch over. The Axis whereof, as in 
 a Pigeon, is the fame with that of the lower part of the Gu¬ 
 let , and not tranfverfe, as in the Gallinaceous kind. Curi- 
 oufly Laced with 1 6 or 18 Rows of Glands, about half an 
 inch long. The Green-Finch hath a Crop of the fame fhape: 
 but the Glands fprinkled all over it 5 very fmalfyet dilhnct. 
 
 The Echinus very final 1 3 not above? of an inch long, 
 and as broad. 
 
 The Gizard above I an inch long, almoft 1 an inch 
 broad 5 thin edg’d, but high in the middle 5 very ftrong 
 and Tendinous. And it may here be obferv’d,' That 
 although the Gallinaceous kind have a very large Girard : 
 yet in many other Birds, even of the fmalleft fort, the Gi¬ 
 zard, with refpedt to its bulk, is altogether as ftrong: that 
 is to fay, the Mufcules, with refpedt to their length and 
 breadth, are as Thick, and their Tendons anfwerable 5 as not 
 only in this Bird, but the Houfe-Sparrorr, Linnet, Titlark., 
 and many more. And with refpedt to the Body, fome 
 fmall Birds have alfo a great Gizard, as a Chaffinch , which 
 hath one four times as big as that of a l.inet. 
 
 The Guts about eight inches long. The Greater, three 5 
 and above I over where wideft. The fmaller, about three 
 and I; and above I th wide. The Reclum an inch and ' long, 
 fhaped like a Pear 5 I ths over in its wideft place: very great. 
 TheOozftand ? of an inch, below its fmaller end : not 
 above * ,h of an inch long. The 
 
 37 
 
The Stomachs and Guts. 
 
 The Indentures continu’d about * of an inch from the 
 Caeca both upward and downward. 
 
 The Annular, or rather fpiral Fibers, in the Rectum more 
 apparent. 
 
 Of a Bull-Finch. 
 
 A very different Bird from all the Finches. For firft he 
 hath a Lateral Crop. ’Tis above I an inch broad, and about 
 
 * long. The Gulet, between the Crop and the Echinus, near 
 Ah over. The Echinus near * an inch long, and above * 
 broad : Thrice as big, as that of a Martlets, Swallows, or 
 Sparrows. The Gizard near I an inch broad; broader than 
 long. 
 
 The Guts no lefs than I a yard and an inch long: much 
 beyond what they are in any of the Finches. The Greater, 
 a foot and I an inch 3 and * th wide. The fmaller five inches 
 and 1 5 and « th in width. The Caeca, at the end of the 
 Rectum, not above A th of an inch long. The Rectum,near 
 an inch: and where wideft, almoft * an inch. Figur’d like 
 a Pear, as in moft other Birds. 
 
 The whole fmaller Gut, and about five inches of the 
 greater,very curioufly Indented. And the Indentures deeper 
 in the latter. 
 
 Young Wrynec\ 
 
 Hath no Crop , and but a fmall Gulet 5 not much above 
 
 * of an inch, where broadeft. The Echinus of a prodigi¬ 
 ous bignefs 5 near an inch and * long, and I an inch over. 
 Much bigger than in a Jackdaw, that is yet near fix times as 
 big as this Bird. I found it full of meat. The Gizard of 
 a mean fize 3 I an inch long, and I ths broad. The Guts about 
 eight inches. The greater , near two 5 and near ? wide. 
 The next, four 3 and fomewhat more than * th broad. The 
 ReStum , above two and ' 3 and i ths , where widelh The 
 fpiral Fibers herein more vifible. He hath no Caeca. The 
 Indentures not fo regular, as in moft Birds, and but few. 
 
 As this Bird hath no Caeca 3 fo the White-Throat, hath no 
 fmall Gut. 
 
 Of 
 
Of Birds. 
 
 39 
 
 Of a Bunting. 
 
 Hath no Crop. The Cutlet from end to end 5 above a * of 
 an inch over where flendereft. The Echinus 1 ths long, and 
 as broad. The Gizard large, about ? of an inch fquare. The 
 Guts, ratably, extream, lhorr, not above nine inches long. 
 The larger, four inches, and * wide. The next, as long 5 
 and i ,h over. The Rectum, about an inch; and not very 
 wide. The Caeca not above T ' th . The Indentures continu’d 
 from the Caeca upward, three inches, but lefs vifibly. Down¬ 
 ward or towards the Anus, a i of an inch, very curious. 
 
 Of a Reed-Sparrow. 
 
 The Quiet, Echinus, Gizard, and Guts of this Bird, are all 
 much like in ihape to thofe of a Bunting: and ratably, lefs. 
 
 Of a Houfe.Swallow. 
 
 The Gulet above i of an inch over next the Throat 5 
 next the Echinus, i ,h . Laced with eight or nine Rows of 
 Glands by the length, as in a Pigeon. He hath no Crop. 
 The Echinus, above * of an inch long, and as wide. The 
 Gizard near i an inch long 5 and * ths broad. The Guts 
 about five inches long. For the bignefs, ftrong andmuf- 
 cular. The Indentures, for the length of an inch and s, 
 very fine 5 efpecially, when the Guts are blown up. The 
 C <xca v th of an inch. Between the Indented Gut and the 
 Re Hum, a great Contraction: but is omitted in the Figure. 
 
 In a Robin-Redbreaft ; the Guts are more Mufcular, than 
 in any fmall Bird. The Cceca, fallen d, not as ufually either 
 on the Neck of the Reftum, or where that and the fmaller 
 Gut meet 5 but * an inch above the end of the fmaller Gut 
 None of them have any vifible Indentures, 
 
 CHAR 
 
4° 
 
 The Stomachs and Guts. 
 
 CHAP. IX. 
 
 Of the Vfes of thefe Parts . 
 
 T He Gulets of Birds, are bigger or lefs, according to the 
 quantity they (wallow. More or lefs Glanclulous, 
 according to the Solidity, or the Drynefs of their Meat. 
 And with refpeft to the fame, the Figure thereof is more 
 (imple 5 or expanded into a C rop ; by which it is retain d a 
 longer time, before it further defcends. And according as 
 lefs or more Time is requir’d, the Crop is madefo, as either 
 to have its Axis, the fame with that of the Gulet ; or elfe to 
 Hand Collateral, and fo open tra?tfverjly into it. 
 
 After the Meat hath been fufficiently macerated there, it 
 defcends into the Echinus, for a fecond preparation, oo 
 much the morethorowly made here,becaufe by far greater 
 Glands. And what was done before to all at once, is here 
 in, to fmaller parcels. This Part in forne fort anfwering to 
 the Crop, as the Reticulum, in a Sheep, to the Punch. Withall 
 it fbould feem, That when the Gizard is either over loaded, 
 or the Meat not enough prepar’d 3 ’tis thence returned back 
 to this Part, (as the Reticulum alfo fubferves the Omafus) till 
 It and the Gizard are more ready, one for the other. For 
 which end alfo the Mufcular Neck below the Echinus, ferves 
 as a Sphincter to purfe it up. 
 
 At length it defeendeth into the Third Ventricle. Either 
 Membranous, as in mod Carnivorous Birds ; where the 
 Aleat is concocted as in a Alan. Or fomewhat Tendinous, 
 as in an Ovcle 5 as if it were made indifferently for Fle(h, or 
 other Meat, as he could meet with either. Or mod Thick 
 and Tendinous,called The Gizard 5 wherein the Meat, asm 
 a Mill, is ground to pieces, and thence preffed by degrees 
 into the Guts in the form of a Pulp. For which purpofe, 
 the Deduclor ferves to deliver the Meat from the Echinus 
 to the Laboratory $ as a Hopper to a Mill. The four Grinders 
 or chief Operators,as the Milljlones: Partly,as they are extra¬ 
 ordinary Thick, and made with double T endons ■, whereby 
 they are conftring’d with the greater force. And partly, 
 as their Tendons (land high in the centre, fo as to be arched: 
 for fo, every time the Tendons are contracted, they mult 
 
4 1 
 
 Of Birds. 
 
 needs make a lhallower Arch, and fo force the infides of the 
 Grinders clofer together. And as the Mill/tones are peck d 
 and cut with (mail Guttersjeaft their force (hould be evaded: 
 fo the Griftly Lining of the Gizard is all over rough, and 
 gather’d into anfwerable Furrows. And becaufe the force- 
 able motion of the Grinders, muft needs work the Meat 
 from under them: as therefore in fome Mills there is one 
 attends foil to turn the Grift under the Stone; fo the Re¬ 
 dactor here, to deliver it back to the Grinders, and fo over 
 and over, till it be fufficiently elaborated for the Guts. 
 
 And as the ftrong and continual motion of all thefe Muf- 
 culesjs taught us from their ftvuctureFo likewife from their 
 red colour, which efpecially in the Grinders is intenfe. 
 Hence in a Fiji , the Mu/cides which move the Fins are ufii- 
 ally Red, although the reft of the Flefh is very white : And 
 fo the Leg of a Dome flic/ Fowl. Whereas the Wings alfo 
 of a Wild Fowl , are of the fame colour. So likewife the 
 Flefh of a driven Calf, or of a Hare , though that of a Coney 
 be white. And that which comes nearer, the Heart in all 
 Creatures, having the like continual motion, is of a Red 
 
 Colour. . 
 
 The Guts are of different length and bignefs, not always 
 proportionable to that of the Bird, but the nature of the 
 Meat. So thofe of a Cafowary , though it be neceftary, that 
 they (hould contain Meat enough for fo great a Body: yet 
 not, that the Meat, which is very nutritive,(hould make any 
 long voyage. Yet is it needful there fhould be a Connivent 
 Valve before the Rectum, for the guarding of fo open a paf- 
 fage. And fo with Variety in other Birds, according as they 
 feed on Worms, Seeds , Fruits , Flys, or Sbeli dInfelis^ requiring 
 a longer, or more open paftage, for their more deliberate, 
 or fafer Tranfmiflion to the Anusa 
 
 The Indentures alfo feem to be made, and with variety, 
 to the fame Intent: fc. That the Guts hereby receiving the 
 greater Contraction and Dilatation,may fo much the more 
 forceably detrude the Meat, or more eafily give way to it * 
 as it is fofter, or mixed with Shells, Stones and the like. 
 
 The Caeca, efpecially where large, and made for a further 
 Concoction of the Meat; for the better Retention hereof; 
 where they open into the Rectum, are, very ftraight. And for 
 the fame reafon, alfo thinner and lefs Mufcular than the 
 
 F other 
 
42 The Stomachs and Guts. 
 
 other Guts: that fo the Meat therein may lie the more 
 quiet. 
 
 The ampliation of the Return, chiefly in Wild Far Is, 
 amongft other Reafons, is, I fuppofe, That the Dung lying 
 there in good quantity, may be as a Counter-poife to the 
 Head, to keep it up in flying. 
 
 CHAP. X. 
 
 Of the Stomachs and Guts of FISHES. 
 
 |N fo many as I have open’d, two Things are more gene- 
 tally obfervable, viz;. That many of them have no 
 Stomach, that is one that is not Belly'd $ as in the Salmon , 
 Jack,, Tench , Barbie , Brerne: or very little, as m the Place. 
 And many more, inftead of One Ccecum, as in fome Qua¬ 
 drupeds 5 or Two, as in mod Birds 5 have three or four, as 
 the Pearcb 5 nine or ten, as the Rochet 5 many more, as the 
 Trout, above thirty 5 the Whiting, above forty ; the Salmon 
 many more. 
 
 The Stomach of a Place fhaped almoft like the Echinus 
 of a Bird. Bounded at the bottom with a Connivent Valve. 
 The Guts two only. The upper end of the flrft, hath two 
 little extuberant Parts, the ufe whereof may be anfwerable 
 to one ufe of the C cecum, fc. To divert the Meat, left upon 
 any Inverted Motion of the Gut, it ftiould regurgitate into 
 the Stomach, or ftrain the Valve. The bottom of this Gut 
 is feparated from the Re cl urn, by another pretty Connivent 
 Valve: both which, and theviiibleTexture of the Fibers, 
 are fhewed in the laft Table. 
 
 The Stomach of a Salmon is only like a wide Gut.He hath 
 about fourfcore Caeca, hanging on the great Gut, almoft 
 like the Matte upon the NecToi a Horfe. Being ty’d alto¬ 
 gether with fmall Veflels, and the Veflels hid with Fat; they 
 have been miftaken by fome for a Pancreas. The Rettum is 
 guarded with about thirty Annular Valves. 
 
 The Whiting hath a large Stomach, which is a diftinct 
 Bag or Belly. And numerous Caeca, not Handing as in the 
 Salmon, but all in a Ruck. The Stomach and Guts of a Cod 
 are very like. 
 
 Some 
 
Some Notes upon the Tables. 
 
 T Ab. i. Deferib’d,p.9,14,19, 
 27. The Stone only,drawn 
 after the life. 
 
 Tab. 2. Defe. p. 11, 13, 21, 24, 25, 
 29. All but the Ram’sHorns, af¬ 
 ter the life. 
 
 Tub. 3. Defc.p. 3 6, 38. 
 
 Tab. 4. Dele. p. 42, 50. 
 
 Tub. 5. Dele./?. 63, 64, 67. 
 
 Tab. 6. Defc.p.78,80. The double 
 Egg drawn after the life. 
 
 Tab. 7. Defc. p. 87, 104, 108,110, 
 113,^ 114. 
 
 Tab.8. D.p. 115, 117, 121, 123. 
 Tdi. 9. D.p. 126, 127,128. 
 
 Tafe 10. D.p. 130, 131. 
 
 T«£.n. D.p. 133, 135, 136, 137, 
 
 140. 
 
 Tab. 12. D.p. 140,141,142,//we 9. 
 
 p. 146, 148. line 1. p. 149. 
 
 Tab. 13. D.p. 154. //we 13. p. 156, 
 158, 161, 163, 165, 166. 
 
 Thi. 14. D. p. 188. //we 13,23, & 
 30. p. 189, 190. line 18, 33, & 
 40, 191. 
 
 Tab. 15. D.p. 197, 198. 
 
 Tab. 1 6. D. p. 201,202, 203,204, 
 205, 206. 
 
 Tab. 17. D.p. 185, 216, 229. 
 
 Tab. 18. D. p. 233, 243, line 22, 
 p. 244. line 37.p. 245, //we 33. 
 
 19. D.p. 254, 255, 256. line 
 33, 263. line 35. p. 264. //we 3, 
 19. 
 
 T«£. 20. D.p. 267,268, 273,276, 
 291,297, 302, 303. 
 
 Tab. 21. D.p. 305, 306, 307. line 
 23.p. 308,312. 
 
 Tab. 72. D. p. 315, 323, 326. //'we 
 34. p. 329,330- 
 
 The reft belong to the Anatomical 
 Part. 
 
 Tab. 23. In which the Stomach and 
 Guts of a Tex, are fuppofed to 
 be turned infide outward , to 
 fhew the Glands. 
 
 Tab. 24. In which all the Guts are 
 fuppofed to be inverted, to (hew 
 their Glands and inward Stru¬ 
 cture. 
 
 Tab. 25. Where lbme Faults are to 
 be rectify'd by the Deferiptions. 
 To which the Reader is defired 
 always to have regard. 
 
 Tab. 26. In which the Stomach and 
 Guts of a Sheep fuppofed to be 
 Infide outward. 
 
 Tab. 27. In which the width of the 
 Caforvary s Guts is (omewhat a- 
 bove the Scale. 
 
 Tab. 28. In which the Gizard of 
 
 I the Dunghill-Cock, is not (o well 
 drawn, as in the following Table. 
 The Pigeons Crop drawn Infide 
 outward, to (hew the Glands 
 both in that, and in the Echinus. 
 
 43 
 
 ! 
 
 F I IS . 
 

Inches 
 
 jle ad of y 'Baby-&oifsa. 
 3 
 
 dfefle Jfaded 
 
 tdrmadillo ■ 
 
 Tlfk of <. 
 
 Wild Boar. 
 
 ole ad off Wp. 
 
 <ppopo ta m as 
 
 or i/ t 
 
 c Behemoth. 
 
. 1 
 
 
 
 
 ■«. \w- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 '- ■: *58; 
 
 
 
 
 -i; 
 
 , ,afc: 
 
 
 
 . ' ^=cpl 
 
 * 
 
 
 
 ■ ateu - 
 
 - ' * ; ~a. .. 
 
 * ;.v 
 
 ■•vwA V\ 
 
 
 AuC'C 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 r *\> 
 
 
 
 
 > ■ • 
 
 X . • /V 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 ■' I) ■ • 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IMufcovy Ram's 
 Horns 
 
 in on y Jiuttock <rf a 
 Rhinoceros 
 
 A Stone out of a Doers 
 Bladder 
 
 Throttle Bone of a Ah on 
 
 Greenland Stans L, 
 
 
 trf % TlO 
 
 pf f iy > i M f st 
 
 r\ A 
 
 l A ' f 1 
 
 1 '• A 
 
 
 rflll 
 
Inches 
 
J 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ind Stork's Head 
 
. . V\' '• 
 
 ' " i-- 
 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 
 ■ ; ■ .o 
 
 .?< 
 
 I 
 
Tt^cA 
 

Loiuj Square I Wilk 
 
 I 
 
 Square ~Wi llz 
 
 Thick Lipp'd. Wilk i 
 
 Inverted Wilk Lnail 
 
 TrianpuLzr Wilk 
 
 -■■■v 
 
Spik 
 
 W/urle 
 
 Concave JTwrt Winr/e I. 
 
 Fingerd Snail i. 
 
 Fore Wtnrle 
 
 Stalled Sailer 
 
 7’ / 
 
 0.0 
 
Banthorne Flu 
 
 Tub. lj, Fly 
 
 Great Gayle cyl Beetle 
 
 Wild Bee I 
 
 W...■.a 
 
 Jr 
 
 cQ 
 

 I ! 
 
 I 
 
 ■ I ll 
 
 HI 1 
 
 It 
 
 li ll 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

TncfieJ 
 
Dendropo tatrvites - 
 
 * 5 'tanas like 
 lower- Colut. 
 
 •mis 
 
 lemnttes . 
 
 



\ Cv iz.ard &- Guts 
 
 ■v h 
 
 Crop iit.oj > 
 
 Tab.2.8: 
 
• •• ■ 
 
 
 
 
 Vi V) W . 
 
 VTOiO. ,