Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2014 https://archive.org/details/londonmiddlesexo01bray LONDON AND MIDDLESEX; OK, AN HISTORICAL, COMMERCIAL, Sf DESCRIPTIVE OF THE METROPOLIS OF GREAT-BRITAIN: INCLUDING SKETCHES OF ITS ENVIRONS, AND A TOPOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF THE MOST REMARKABLE PLACES IN THE ABOVE COUNTY. ILLUSTRATED WITH ENGRAVINGS. IN TWO VOLUMES. BY EDWARD WEDLAKE BRAYLEY. VOL. I. LONDON: Printed by W. Wilson, St. John's Square, FOR VERNOR, HOOD, AND SHARPE ; LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORMK^ AND brown; J. CUTHELL ; J. HARRIS; J. CUNDEE ; B. CROSBY AND CO. ; AND J. AND J. RICHARDSON. 1810. TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE LORD MAYOR, THE ALDERMEN, AND THE COMMON COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF LOJmON^ THIS VOLUME OF A NEW HISTORY AND SURVEY OF THE BRITISH METROPOLIS, IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED, BY THEIR OBEDIENT SERVANT, E. W. BRAYLEY. NEWMAN-STREET, SEPT. 1810. ADVERTISEMENT. FROM the great quantity of important Matter tvhich connects itself with the History of the Metropolis, it has been found impossible to confine the Survey of Middlesex to the limits originally proposed. It is therefore intended to appropri- ate Two Parts, or Volumes, to the Description of that County ; the first of which is now offered to the attention of the Public ; and it may be necessary to state, that both this and the ensuing Volume, which will complete the Account of Middlesex, will be sold separately from the rest of the Work. On this principle, and for the conveniency of those who may ivish to purchase the London and Middlesex, a distinct Title-page is inserted in the present Number, and a proper Vignette and eiigraverl Title ivill be given hereafter. From the same motives, and for the more easy reference, three Indexes are annexed, viz, of Names, Places, and general Events, In the following Volume, in addition to the proper Indexes, a List of Plates, with the requisite pages for placing them, will be given ; together with a further Catalogue of those Publications that more immediately concern the Subjects ef this Survey. The continued Illness of the Author, an Illness of several suc- cessive Years, and from which, till the present Summer, recovery had long seemed hopeless to him, has occasioned great Delay and irregularity in the Publication of the different Numbers of this Volume, That the next will be finished ivith greater rapidity, strong hopes are entertained, and the Subscribers are respectfidly ADVERTISEMENT. assured that nothing except indisposition shall he suffered to retard its regular Completion. E. W. BRAYLEY. Newman-Street, > Sept. 1,1810. 5 T7ie Book-binder is particularly requested to cancel the pp. 285, 286; 373, and 374, and to substitute the corresponding leaves in the present Number ; and also to be careful in putting the Plates at the End of the Volume, till the proper list is given. BELINEATIOMS OF MIDDLESEX, INCLUDING THE CITIES OF Previous to the Roman Invasion, Middlesex was included in the district inhabited by the Trinohantesy or Trinov antes, who probably obtained that name from the situation of their coun- try on the borders of the broad expanse of water formed by the Thames. Thus the Britons of the south would have given the appellation Tranovant to the Country beyond the Stream; and its inhabitants would have been called Tranovanti, Tranovantivyr, and Tranovantwys, which, by an easy corruption, would, by the Romans, be pronounced Trinobantes. This tribe possessed two considerable cities, or fortified places ; of which the * eminence between the Thames and the Fleet- brook,' the centre of modern London, was the site of one : the other, and most important at that early era, was Camalodunum, now Colchester, in Essex. The Trinobantes were the first to submit to the Roman arms, to which they were induced by intestine divisions, that had originated among the native Princes some years prior to the expeditions of Ceesar. After the complete subjugation of the Island, this county was included in the division named Flavia Cjesariensis; and Londinium, or Augusta, now London, became a principal Roman station, though it was not dignified with the name of a colony. This county derives its name from its relative situation to the three ancient surrounding kingdoms of the East, West, and South, Saxons; of the first of which, that is, East-Sex, or Essex^ it formed a part for about three centuries previous to tlie dissolution A of MIDDLESEX. of the Heptarchy. Its shape is very irregular, but, on the whole^ approaches to that of ihn quattrangle : on the northern side it projects considerably into Hertfordshire, where its boundaries are principally artificial ; on the southern side it is separated from Surrey by an imaginary line drawn down the middle of the ri- ver Thames; on the west it is divided from Buckinghamshire by the river Colne ; and on the east from Essex by the Lea River. Its greatest extent, from east to west, is about twenty-three miles; its greatest breadth, from north to south, about seventeen. Were its figure, says Mr. Middleton, " reduced to a regular parallelo- gram, of equal superficies, the medium length and width would be about twenty miles by fourteen ; and consequently, it contains 5280 square miles, or 179?200 acres."* By others its superficial contents have been estimated at nearly 218,000 acres. Middlesex, " from its gently waving surface, is particularly suited to the general purposes of agriculture, it being sufficiently sloping to secure a proper drainage, and at the same time, with- out those abrupt elevations, which in some places so much increase the labour and expense of tillage; and from its being entirely free from large stones, those powerful enemies to the free operations of the plough."! The inequalities of the surface contribute to health, ornament and beauty; though but few parts of the coun- ty can be considered as eminently picturesque. For the most part, the ground rises from the banks of the Thames towards the north ; and within a few miles from London, a range of gently swelling eminences, of which Hampstead, Highgate, and Muswell Hill, are the chief, protects the Metropolis from the northern blasts, and agreeably breaks the uniformity of the horizon. These heights afford many very pleasing and extensive prospects; and some equally extended views may be seen from the top of Harrow Hill; which, from rising in a sort of insulated manner, forms a prominent object for many miles round. This eminence is detach- ed from a yet higher and more extensive ridge, which stretches north-eastward in interrupted swells from Pimier, Stanniore, Els- tree, * View of the Agriculture of Middlesex, 2nd Edit. p. 2. f Ibid* Middlesex. 3 tree, Totteridge, and Barnet, to the forest scenery of Enfield Chase. The average height of these hills is about 400 feet above the level of the Thames: the southern sides are always the most productive. The banks of the Thames, Colne and Lea Rivers, and generally of the smaller streams belonging to this county, present a series of luxuriant meadows, principally composed of a rich ioamy soil. Tiiose which lie contiguous to the river Thames, are occupied, to an extent of many miles, by gardeners and nursery- men, who cultivate an immense quantity of vegetables and fruits for the supply of London and its neighbourhood. "All the land to the south of tlie road passing from Brentford through Hounslow to Longford, is so nearly level, as to have no more than a proper drainage ; and much the greater part is less than ten feet above the surface of the River at Staines Bridge, and not more than from three to five feet above the level of the rivulets flowing through this district. From Staines, through Ashford and Hanvvorth Commons, to Twickenham, a distance of seven miles and a half, is a perfect level, and generally of from ten to twenty feet above the surface of the Thames."* This is u well cultivated county ; the most unproductive parts are Hounslow Heath. Finchley Common, and Enfield Chase* The vast quantities of manure procured from the Metropolis, have been of great service in improving the land ; and from this cause it is, that the produce is some weeks earlier within a few miles immediately contiguous to London, than at a more considerable distance. Norden says, in his Speculum Britanie, " the soil of Middlesex is excellent fat and fertile, and full of profite : it yield- eth corne and graine, not oiilie in abundance, but most excellent good wheate, especially about Heston, which place may be called Granarium tritici regalis, for the singularitie of the corne.f The vame of tliis especiall corn seemeth to extend from Heston to A 2 Harrow ''^ Middleton's View, p. 23. t * The wheat of Heston was so famous, that Queen Elizabeth, as is reported, had the most part of her provision from that place, for 77i«7i« chet for her Highnesses own diet,* 4 MIDDLESEX. Harrow on the Hill, between which, as in the midwa^j^, is Perivale^ more truly Purivalc^ &c. Yet doth not this so fruitful soyle yeeld comfort t©the wayfairing man in ihe winter time, by reason of the claiesh nature of the soyle, which, after it hath tasted the autumne showers, waxeth both dyrtie and deep ; but unto the country swaiiie, it is a sweet and pleasant garden in regard to his hope of future profite ; for The deep and dirtie loathsome soyle Yeelds golden gaine to paneful toyle; atid tlie industrious and paineful husbandman will refuse a pallace^ to droyle in these golden puddles/' The MiNERALOGicAL SUBSTANCES of this county are very few; they are principally argillaceous. The disposition of the strata has been thus arranged from observations made in digging deep wells in different places. '* First, Cultivated surface. Se- condly, Siliceous Gravel, five or ten feet in thickness. Third- ly, a strong leaden-coloured earth, generally called Clay^ varying from one to two or three hundred feet in thickness: this is in some parts manufactured into tiles; and it bears such water-hke stains, as to make it probable that it has been deposited from water. Fourthly, Marine sediment, sometimes Cockle, but principally Ot/ster Shells, agglutinated together, and hardened into a kind of stony stratum, of three, four or five feet in thickness. Fifthly, Loose Sand and Gravel:'* this stratum has been dug into in many places, for the purpose of obtaining water, which then rises in such large quantities, as to have hitherto prevented any attempt to dig deeper. No ntetallic strata have been discovered in any part of the comity; and appearances indicate that all such lie at a depth much too great to be made subject to the operations of the miner.*^ At Paddington, near the one mile stone on the Edgeware Road, a thin Stratum of Fuller's Earth found at a considerable depth in lS02;t and at Chelsea, at the depth of about fifty feet, a ' quantity of loose Coal, twelve inches in thickness,' was discovered in Middletou's View, p. 27- t Ibid. MIDDLESEX, 5 ill 179s.* Fossil shells, principally B/r a/re^, have been met with in diflerent parts, together with other marine exuvicv. The prevailing Soils in Middlesex are loam and clay, or sand and gravel, more or less intermixed with loamy clay. The sum- mits of most of the hills are of the latter kind. liampstead Hill chiefly consists of eight or ten feet thickness of yellow iron- stained sand, with some loam and rounded flints, incumbent on a pure white sand of many feet deep : the surface is here mostly co- vered with furze, except where the ground has been dug into. The south-westernmost angle of the county, or that which lies between the river Thames and the road extending from Hounslow to Colnbrook, is chiefly a Loami/ Sandy appropriated to the growth of turnips and barley, on a subsoil of siliceous gravel, six, eight or ten feet in thickness, w ith a tenacious leaden-colored earth beneath, used by tile-makers, of great depth. On the east side of the county, from Tottenham to Enfield Wash, the superstratum is of the same description, with a subsoil also of small siliceous gravel on a compact lead-coloured earth. On the west of Hauweil and Hounslow, between the Colnbrook and the Uxbridge Roads, the soil contains a less quantity of sand than the above, and has there- fore been denominated a Sandy Loam; its depth varies from eigh- teen inclies to upwards of five feet: the under soils as before. The south sidie of the Parish of Harefield, with the Parishes of Twick- enham, Isleworth, Ealing, Chiswick, Kensington, Fulham, Bromp- ton, and Chelsea, are chiefly composed of this kind of soil, which, in several of the latter places, has been highly improved by cultiva- tion and manure. *^ All the land from Ruislip and Ickenham on the west, to Green - ford, Apperton, and Harrow, on the east, and between Pinner on the north, and Northcote on the south, is composed of strong Loam: the land about South Mims is also of this kind; and the level between Islington, Hampstead, and Hornsey, is a strong but very productive loam. The Loamy Clay predominates on llie north side of a hill between Uxbridge Common and Harefield ; A3 ' and * Middleton's View, p. 35, 6 MIDDLESEX. and the land north-west of Ruislip, the greater part of Hanger Hill, a wood near the east end of Hillingdon Heath, and the land between the river Brent and Hampstead, on the Hendon road, is of a similar description. The meadows on the north-west side of Hendon Church, towards Page Street, are of nearly the like kind : much of this Parish, indeed, is of a clayey nature, yet there are patches of sand, and more of gravel. From Nightingale Hall, by Colney Hatch, to Whetstone, the land is of a loamy clay, mixed with pebbles of flints ; and from PotterVbar for about two miles towards South Minis, the soil is the same. The north side of Highwood-hill has a thin layer of loamy clay on a subsoil of yel- low clay ; and in many of these places, the subsoil is a yellow clay; but all the varieties abound with rounded flints. All the hollows, bowls, and chinks, are filled with gravel, as nuts may be con- tained in a bason ; this is particularly visible in places that have been but little cultivated, as Enfield Chase."* The impervious clays, when situated so near to the surface as to be accessible to the plough, are said by Mr. Middleton to be considered as so in- jurious to the surface soil, and future crops, that, when so raised, it is called ploughing up poison ."f " The deposit of still water is a peculiarly rich Loam, very dif- ferent from the loam of the uplands, and equally so from clay. It abounds with the richest parts of every soil, and of animal and vegetable substances, which have been dissolved, and washed from Jjll the higher grounds, villages, towns, and cities. The Isle of Dogs, which contains nearly 1000 acres; most or all of the land on the flat borders of the rivers Lea and Colne, some inconsidera- ble quantities of land on the sides of the Brent, the small islands iti the river Thames, and various pieces of land situate in the va- rious nooks and windings of that river, come under this descrip- tion. — The moors near the river Colne, along the whole extent between Rickniansworth and Staines, consist principally of Peat on a subsoil of siliceous gravel, which in various places shews itself at the surface: peat has also been found on the borders of the river Lea, and in the Isle of Dogs.*'I The * Middleton*s View, p. J9. f- Ibid, t Ibid. p. eO,-2U MIDDLESEX. 7 The Cloy in the immediate vicinity of the Metropolis, but more particularly on the northern side, has in many parts been dug up to tiie deptli of from four to six feet, and in some places considera- bly more, for the purpose of jBrfc^-making; and numerous build- ings have arisen on the very spots where the soil has been thus excavated. The brick-earth averages in general, at from four to live feet in depth ; and every acre is calculated to produce about a million of bricks. The rent per acre has much increased within the last thirty years, probably in the proportion of four to one; at this time it varies from 3001. to 5001. according to the descrip- tion of the clay. The present price of bricks, independent of the charge for carriage, is, for grey stocks, 43s. per 1000; place bricks, 33s. second marl stocks, 62s. and best washed marl stocks, 114s.* With * " Round the one mile stone on the Kingsland road, the surface is lowered from four to ten feet, by the earth having been dug up, and ma- factured into bricks, over an extent of 1000 acres or more j and except where the owners of the soil have been neghgent of their interest, and where the works are now carrying on, it has been levelled, ploughed, and laid down to grass. It is sufficiently dry, and, by the aid of town manure, is restored again into excellent grass land ; though it has pre- viously yielded to the community, through the medium of the brick- makers, upwards of 40001. per acre on an average of the whole level; but there are a fev/ acres of choice marl earth, which have produced, through the same medium, 20,0001. per acre. The brick-maker pays in labour for digging the earth in <£. s, (L autumn and winter, about 40s. per 100,000, tha^ is, per 1000 nearly 005 Soiling and 7urning 30s. per ditto, or per 1000 - ^004 Moulding and Stacking per 1000 - - - - •030 Setting and Burning per ditto - - - • - 020 Skintling per ditto - - - - • - - 003 Loading the Carts, and keeping the Account of Sales, 2s. to 0 2 Q Breeze, Ashes, Sand, Straw, Barrows, and other Implements 0 7 6 gratuities. Beer, &^c. - - - - - - - 020 1 0 0 Excise Tax - - * - • - - 0 5 0 Suppose the Clay or Earth to cost - - • - 0 2 0 And every Expense for J 000 will be « • - • cf J 7 0 la 8 MIDDLESEX. With the exception of the gardens and nurseries immediately contiguous to London and the banks of the Thames, and a strip of arable land about a mile and a half in average width, extend- ing northward from Tottenham to the extremity of the county beyond Enfield, the whole of the eastern part of Middlesex, from Ealing, Harrow, and Pinner, may in general be described as ap- propriated to meadow and pasturage ; though spots occasionally occur that are under tillage: the remaining and western division, excepting Hounslow Heath, Sunbury and Ruislip Commons, and the moor and meadow lands on the borders of the Colne, and upper part of the Thames, is chiefly arable; \et a mixed kind of cultivation is met with in several different places. The Arable Lands are for the most part spread out in conmion fields; though about one fourth of the whole, which may proba- bly amount to IS or 20,000 acres, are now inclosed. The ope- ration of ploughing is practised on a bad system, excepting in the neighbourhood of Pinner and Stanmore, and on a few farms in one or two other places. The furrows are in general made both deep and wide, which, of course, by increasing the weight of the draught, require a strong team ; and the usual number of horses employed is four, even for the lighter work: on the stronger lands, five, and even six, horses are used; and they are almost invaria- bly harnessed at length, and have three men to attend them, and to guide the plough. These heavy teams seldom plough more ground than four or five acres in six days ; and that at an expense of In May, 1805, place bricks sold in the clamp at 29s. per lOOO, and grey stocks at 38s. The brick-fields lie close to the town, where manure is to be had in any quantity j and as the carriage costs but little, they are repeatedly dressed, by which means they recover their former fertility. There are many who object to such a manufacture being suffered in the neigh- bourhood of the Metropolis, considering it both offensive and unwhole- some : but, on the other hand, it is contended, that fire is a great puri- fier of the atmosphere i and that in close and hot weather, a number of brick-kilns near London is of real use to the health of the inhabitants, by prom.otiri happens to be reduced so much as to admit of being spread with a shovel, and no other. On the contrary, when the barometer does not bespeak, with some degree of certainty, a pretty heavy fall of rain, the decomposed manure, as well as all the rest, is suffered to remain in the dunghills till the end of September, at which time it is applied while the soil is sufficiently dry to bear the drawing of loaded carts without injury; and when the heat of the day is bO moderated as not to exhale the volatile parts of the dung."* Meadow land in the occupation of cow-keepers, is generally mown two or three times in a summer; the groat number of cows which they keep, enabhng them to dress it every other year : they are also anxious to procure their hay of a soft grassy quality, not letting it stand till the seedling stems rise, but mowing it three or fourweeks^ sooner than it would be adviseable to do for the support of horses.f The grass lands on the borders of the river Lea contain about 2000 acres, about 1200 of which, lying in the parishes of Enfield and Edmonton, have been recently inclosed, from which cause the rental per acre has advanced from 25s. to 4l. the remainder is divided by land-marks among a great number of proprietors, in pieces * Middleton's View, p. 2SG, t Ibid, p, 288. 14 MIDDLESEX. pieces containing from a rood to four or five acres eaclu Thir common meadows lire open for the reception of the cattle of the resj^ctive parishes^ from the 1 8th of August to the 5th of April following; soon after which the ground is prepared for a crop of hay, which it yields in July, at the average of about a ton per acre. This tract is flooded every winter, and also once in two or three years in the summer, by water impregnated with manure from the chalky and well-dressed lauds of Hertfordshire ; but the water is detained much too long upon the land, by the many in^ terruptions to a proper drainage between Stratford-le Bow and the Thames. The several tracts of grass land on the banks of the Colne include about 2500 acres; the soil of which is of a black peaty nature, and but little raised above the level of the river* Such of them as are inclosed and drained, are very fertile; but nmch the greater part of them are lAammas Meads; and one of the necessary consequences is, that the ditches are so much neglect- ed as to be grown up. The pastures are much covered with mole and ant hills; and in some places gravel has been dug from them in such quantities as to leave them under water." The richest grass-land in the whole county is that of the Ifle of Dogs, which has been lately reduced to 600 acres by the West India Docks, This tract would be overflowed by every tide, were it not secured by embankments: it is kept sufficiently dry by sluices, which empty themselves into the Thames at low water. In tlie art of Hay-making, the Middlesex farmers are supe- rior to those of any other part of the Island, and may be said in- deed to have reduced it to a regular system : even in the most unfavorable weather, the method pursued by them is better than any other practised under similar circumstances. The districts near London usually aflford two crops of hay every year; those in the more remote parts yield but one. When the grass is nearly fit for mowing, the farmer engages a number of mowers in pro- portion to the extent of his lands, &c. and agrees with them at so much per acre. At the same time he provides five hay-raakers (men and women) to each mower, who are paid by the day; the men attending twelve hours, the women tep, and in cases of emer- gency, MIDDLESEX. 15 gency, a greater number of hours, for which they receive a pro- portionate allowance. The mowers usually begin their work at tiiree, four, or five o'clock in the morning, and continue to labor till seven or eight at night, resting an hour or two in the middle of the day : the quantity mown by each man, is from an acre and a half to two acres daily. On the first day all tlie grass mown be- fore nine o'clock is tedded, in which great care is taken to shake it out of every lump, and to strew it erenly over all the ground. In the course of the morning, it is turned once or twice with simi- lar care and attention ; and in the afternoon, it is raked into what are called single wind rows ; that is, each person makes a row, the rows being about three or four feet apart: the last operation of this day is to put it into grass-cocks. On the second day the business commences with tedding all the grass aiov/n on the first day after nine o'clock, and all that has been mown this day before nine o'clock. Next the grass- cocks are well shaken out into separate plats, called staddles, of five or six yards diameter. If the crop should be so thin and light as to leave the spaces between these staddles rather large, such spaces must be immediately raked clean, and the rakings mixed with the other hay, in order to its all drying of a uniform colour. The next business is to turn the staddles, and after that to turn the grass that was tedded in the first part of the morning, once or twice, in the manner described for the first day. After dinner, the staddles are formed into dou- ble wind rows, by every two persons raking the hay in opposite directions, or towards each other, in rows from six to eight feet apart. The grass is next raked into single wind rows; then the double wind rows are put into bastard- cocks ; and lastly, the single wind rows are put into grass-cocks. On the third day, the grass mown and not spread on the second day, and also that mown in the early part of this day, is first tedded in the morning, and then the grass-cocks are spread into staddles, as before, and the bastard-cocks into staddles of less extent. These lesser staddles, though last spread, are first turned, then those which were in grass- cocks; and lastly, the grass, once or twice; after which the peo- ple go to dinner. Should the weather have proved sunny and fine, the hay which was in bastard-cocks the preceding night, will 2 Uiis 16 MIDDLESEX. this afternoon be in a proper state to be carried ; but not so, if the weatlier has been cloudy and cool. In the latter case, the first operation after dinner, is to rake the grass-cocks of the last night into double wind rows, and the grass which was this morn- ing spread from the swaths into single wind rows. Afterwards, the bastard-cocks of the last night are made up into full-sized cocks, and care taken to rake the hay up clean, and also to put the Tak- ings upon the top of each cock. Next, the double wind rows are put into bastard-cocks, and the single wind rows into grass- cocks, as on the preceding days. On the fourth day, the great cocks are usually carried before dinner : the other operations of the day are similar to, and continued in the same order as, those before de* scribed, and so on daily till the hay-harvest is completed.* The * Middleton's View, p. 309 — 313. *^ In the course of Hay-mak- ing, the grass sliould, as much as possible, be protected, both day and night, against rain and dew, by cocking. Care should also be taken to proportion the number of hay-makers to that of the mowers, so that there may not be more grass in hand at any one time, than can be ma- naged according to the foregoing process. This proportion is about twen- ty hay-makers (of which number twelve may be women) to four mowers : the latter are sometimes taken half a day to assist the former. But in hot, windy, or very drying weather, a greater proportion of hay- makers will be required than when the weather is cloudy and cool. It is particularly necessary to guard against spreading more hay than the number of hands can get into cock the same day, or before rain. In showery and uncertain weather, the grass may sometimes be suffered to lie three, four, or even five, days in swath. But before it has lain long enough for the under side of the swath to become yellow, (which, if suflered to lie long, would be the case,) particular care should be taken to turn the swaths with the heads of the rakes. In this state it it will cure so much in about two days, as only to require being tedded a few hours, when the weather is fine, previous to its being put toge- ther, and carried. In this manner hay may be made and put into the stack at a small expense, and of a moderately good colour; but the tops and bottoms of the grass are insufficiently separated by it. I'here are no hay-stacks more neatly formed, nor better secured, than those of Middlesex. At every vacant time, while the stack is car- 1 rying MIDDLESEX* IJ The Fruit Gardens of Middlesex, exclusive of those aN tached to private houses, and gentlemens' villas, are supposed to occupy about 3000 acres, principally situated on both sides of the high road from Kensington through the parishes of Hammer- smith, Brentford, Isleworth, and Twickenham. They furnish con- B stant rying up, the men are employed in pulling it, with their hands, into a proper shape ; and about a week after it is finished, the whole roof is properly thatched, and then secured from receiving any damage from the wind, by means of a straw rope, extended along the eaves, up the ends, and on each side of the ridge. The ends of the thatch are afterwards cat evenly below the eaves of the stack, just of sufficient length for the rain-water to drip quite clear olT the hay. When the stack happens to be placed in a situation which may be suspected of being too damp in the winter, a trench, of about six or eight inches deep, is dug round, and nearly close to it, which serves to convey all the water from the spot, and renders it perfectly dry and secure. " It is of great advantage to the farmer to give constant personal at- tendance on every party, directing each operation during the whole hay- harvest. The man who would cure his hay in the best manner, and at a moderate expense, must not only urge the persons who make the hay, the men who load the waggons, and those who make the stack, but he should be on the alert to contrive and point out the manner in which every person may do his labour to the most advantage. Unless he does this, one moiety of the people in his hay -field will be of no ma- terial use to him j and if he should be absent for an hour or more during that time, little or nothing will be done. The farmers of Middlesex engage many hay-makers; some of them have been known to employ two or three hundred: such men find it necessary to be on horseback, and the work-people find them sufficient employment. It is supposed that 400 of grass, on being dried into hay, wastes to 100 by the time it is laid on the stack ; it is then further reduced, by heat and evaporation, in about a month, to perhaps 95 ; and between that and 90, it probably continues through the winter. From the mid- dle of March till September, the operations of trussing and marketing expose it so much to the sun and wind, as to render it considerably lighter, probably 80 ; that is, hay which would weigh 90 the instant it is separated from the stack, would waste to 80 (in trussing, exposure on the road, and at market for about twenty-four hours) by the time it is usually delivered to a purchaser. During the following winter the 18 MIDDLESEX. staiit employment, on an average, to about len persons per acre, men, women, and children; but during the fruit season this num- ber h increased to from thirty-five to forty; the produce of whose labour, in their various occupations, is thought to amount to 300,0001. annually: and to this another 100,0001. may be added, for waste will be little or nothing: it is nearly obvious, that the same hay will weigh on delivery 80 in summer, and 90 in Vv'inier. In the making of hay, attention should be paid to the quality of the soil, and the kind of herbage growing on it. The hard benty hay of a poor soil, is in little or no danger of firing in the stack, and should there- fore be put very early together, in order to promote a considerable per- spiration, as the only means of imparting a flavour to such hay, which will make it agreeable to horses and lean cattle: it will be nearly unfit for every other sort of stock. It is the succulent herbage of rich land, or land highly manured, that is more likely to generate heat sufficient to burst into flame, as it has sometimes done; of course, the grass from such land must have more time allowed in making it into hay: this the Middlesex farmers are perfectly aware of; and when the weather proves moderately drying, they make most excellent hay ; but when it is very hot or scorching, they, as well as most other farmers under similar cir- cumstances, are sometimes mistaken. In such weather the grass be- comes crisp, rustles, and handles like hay, before the sap is sufficiently dissipated for it to be in a state fit to be put into large stacks; and if that be done when it is thus insufficiently made, it generally heats too much; has been known to become mow-burnt; and in some cases, ■ though very rarely, has taken fire. " Sa!t ought to be spread by hand in the stack, with hay that is da- maged by any cause whatever, as, being nearly spoiled during the mak- ing, or being naturally too bulky and coarse in the crop, or tasteless from poverty of 'Soil. The effect will be so great, that it is said even sheep will eat every morse! of it. Salt has also the valuable property of keeping hay from heating too much in the stack, and by that means preserving it of a finer green colour than it would otherwise be of. Its disposition to prevent heat is so great, as to be particularly suitable and valuable in every case where it may be suspected the hay is putting together insufficiently made. Clover-hay, and tare-hay, are more sub- ject to hear too much than almost any other, owing to their being more succulent and sappy; and many of the farmers of this county use salt such occasions, with good effect, to keep down the heat. Ir MIDDLESEX. 19 for theproduceof the fruit sent to the Metropolis from the surround- ing counties; the whoie making a total of 400,0001. " The fruit-gar- deners have what they call an upper and an under crop growing on the same ground at one time. First, the ground is stocked with ai> pies, pears, cherries, plums, walnuts, &c. like a complete orchard, which they call the upper crop: secondly, it is fully planted with rasp- B 2 berries, ** In the neighbourhood of Harrow, Hendon, and Finchley, there arc many hay-barns capable of holding from thirty to fifty, and some even 100, loads of hay. They are found to be extremely useful and conve- nient during a catching and unsettled hay-harvest, as a safe receptacle for the hay as fast as it becomes dry. In the very common case of ap^ preaching rain, when the hay is fit for carrying, every nerve is, or ought to be, exerted to secure as much as possible; and that is most effectually done by getting all the carts and waggons loaded, and drawn into the barns: the rest of the hay must take its chance in large cocks. These barns are also of considerable utility for the reception of loaded carriages daily, a short time before night, where they are secure, and afford certain employment for the men the next morning, before break- fast, in unloading. Even in dull or damp mornings, the hay can be safely unloaded under the cover of these buildings, when it could not be done on to a stack in an exposed yard. In winter, and in all wet and windy weather, the barns atford safety to the broken cuts, and an opportunity of cutting, weighing, and binding hay; none of which ope* rations could, at such a time, be performed out of doors. The expense of a hay-barn, which costs 1001. generally saves, in straw and thatching, and its other advantages, the whole of its cost in three years. Indeed, I built one on oak posts in the most complete manner, which holds 100 loads of hay, and am certain its savings equalled its cost in two years 5 but in this it was aided by the then high price of straw. In the driesc seasons, barns are a saving of 6s. or more per acre ; and in wet seasons, the ready assistance which they afford m speedily securing the hay, has been known to make a difference in price of 20s. per load, on a small number of loads. Close barns exclude the current of external the occupation of his family, are still among ihe principal ;• though many others have now acquired a great name, and very exien- sive business. IJist. of Lo-ndon and its Emirona, I\ IF, p, 4. 22 MIDDLESE:?t, ton at 645,0001. which, with the 400,0001. produced by the fruit-gnrdens, makes a total of 1,046,0001. for the consumption of tlie Metropolis, and its environs, in fruits and vegetables only. Gn the many httle islands in the river Thames, in the neigh- bourhoods of Brentford, Twickenham, Sunbury, &c. and also in the wet borders of small extent which skirt that river, are planta- tions of osiers for the use of basket-makers, and for other pur- poses. The kinds chiefly raised are the Salix Vitallina, or yellow willow ; the Salix Ami/gdalina, or almond-leaved willow ; and the Salix FrnfT^a/^^, or osier-willow ; with their several varieties : the former sort, being of a tough but yielding nature, is principally grown for the purpose of tying up the branches of wall and espa* lier trees, and for binding packages of trees and shrubs in the drawing season ; the two latter are chiefly used by the basket and corn-sieve makers. This is a very lucrative branch of cultivation ; but the planters observe great secrecy in respect to their actual profits,* The <( The mode employed in the cuhivation of willows is as follows : The ground is, during the winter, dug a full spade's depth, and left rough, to prevent the tides from running it together again before it can be planted. The planting-work begins in the month of March, The sets, or plants, are fifteen or sixteen inches long;, cut diagonally off the strongest shoots of the last year's growth j care being taken that they are not cut too near to the top of the rods, that part being too porous to make a sound plant. The ground being marked out into rows two feet asunder, the sets are struck in the rows, eighteen inches from each other, about seven inches of each set being left above the ground. V\ hen planted, care must be taken, by hoeing, to keep them as free from weeds as possible ; or, if the ground be too wet for the hoe, a vveeding- hook may be used to keep them down : this is absolutely necessary to ensure a good plantation : and it is also equally necessary to keep the. ground well drained, to prevent the tides remaining upon it any consi- derable time, for on that also depends the firmness and good quality of the rods. The willows are cut the first year with a bill-hook : the shoots are cut oft' close to the stock, and bound up in bundles, or boults, as they are called, wliich measure fortv-two inches round, at sixteen inches The Manures used in this county are various, but almost all of them are procured from the metropolis, the principal being stabk- litter, the soil of privies, soot, and the sweepings of the street* and market-places ; the whole quantity, perhaps, exclusive of the offal of slaugbtered animals, &cc, amounting to half a million of cart loads yearly. Tiie farmers manure their lands, in general, only once in three or four years, and that during the months of September and October ; the annual expence being from 31. to 51. per acre, according to distance, and other circumstances : the gardeners manure their land tivice in every three years at least, at an expence of about lOl. annually.* On Enlield Chace, marl, x:ontaining a considerable portion of calcareous earth, is dug from pits varying from two to fourteen feet in depth, and is in general B 4 use inches above the butt-ends. The same process of weeding must be pur- sued every summer while they are shooting up from the stem. The next cutting season, a portion of them is left to stand another year^. where large stuff is wanted for the ribs of large baskets, &c. The plant- ing of willows is expensive the first year ; but if well managed, they produce a great profit, as they improve in quality every year.** dletoiVs View, p. 349,-50. ^ The prices of various manures in London, that is, independent of the charge of carriage, are thus given by Mr. Middleton. " The farmers pay at the stables, for a mixture of strawy litter and horse-dung, about 2s. per cart-load, (though some allow their carters ^s. 6d. a load ; the man to get it as cheap as he can, which he some- times does for 18d.) heaped so as to contain between seventy and ninety cubical feet. The price of dry street-slop at the dunghills, is Is. per horse, (qu. horse-load ;) the soil of privies, dry, Is. 6d. per horse ; bories, rav/, boiled, or burnt, and coal ashes, 6s. a load ; soot, 8d. a bushel; horn-shavings from (is. to 7s. a sack, of eight bushels, well stufled ; leather-dust and shreds, 2s. 8d. a sack, of five bushels, well stuffed ; the scrapings of sheeps^ trotters, calves* feet, and cow-heels, 8s. a quarter ; woollen rags, from 2s. 4d. to 3s. a hundred weight; and hogs'-hair, if wet, 15s. a cart-load. The chimney-sweepers who sell soot in Lon<3on, mix with it ashes and earth, sifted very small and fine ; this th^y term * spicing the soot." p. 375. MIDDLESEX. use for manure in that neighbourhood. In the marl-pits, many curious fossils have been found at different times, at the depth of seven or eight feet from the surface. Irrigation is not attended to by the Middlesex farmers; though the relative situation of great part of the land to that of the different ponds, streams, and rivers, furnishes plenty of opportunity for that valuable practice. The implements employed in the husbandry of this county are not of the most judicious kind. The Plough in general use is a swing one, clumsy in construction, and uselessly heavy : on the northern border, the Hertfordshire wheel-plough has been intro- duced with some advantages. In harrowing, three harrows are generally chained together, and dragged by the same number of horses abreast, " going at a pace as slow as the animals can pos- sibly move, with a man to lead or drive the horses, and frequently another to attend the harrows," and set them to rights when they hitch one on the other, which they often do. There are but few w aggons employed : six-inch wheeled shooting carts, with wooden axle-trees, and n:on arms, are in very general use, which hold in the body of the cart from fifty to sixty cubical feet ; with the side- boards on, about fifteen feet more; and when heaped with dung, about twenty feet in the heap. These carts, with the addition of a moveable head, tail, and side ladders, carry hay, corn, and straw." These carts are in general nmch too heavy, and clumsily made, and with bad materials : even a single cart, when empty, is considerably heavier than one horse can draw in constant work. The ([uantity of Live Stock kept in this county, is probably less than in any other, in proportion to the number of acres ; with the exception of the Cows kept in the vicinity of London for the pur- pose of supplying the Metropolis with milk. These cows are chiefly of a large size, with short horns, and are distinguished by the name of Holderness cattle, iVom a district so called in the East Riding of Yorkshire, but to which the breed has long ceased to be confined. The entire number kept by the London cow- keepers, is fijiiid by Mr. Foot, in his Agricultural Report on this County, to -.♦mount to 8500, viz. 7^00 in Middlesex, 681 in Kent, and GlQ ill MIDDLESEX. 55 ill Surrey.* The quantity of Milk yielded by each cow, is, on an average, nine quarts a day, or 3285 quarts per annum : but from this latter number should be deducted, perhaps, the odd 285 quarts, for suckling, casualties, See, the remainder, multiplied by 8500, gives the vast total of 6,375,000 gallons for the annual saleable produce to supply the consumption of London and its immediate dependencies. The price at which the milk is sold to the retail-dealer, (who agrees with the cow-keeper for the produce of a certain number of cows, and takes the labor of milking them upon himself,) varies from Is. 8d. to Is. lOd. for eight quarts, according to the distance from town : taking it at the medium, i. e. Is. 9d. the whole amount will be 278,9061. 5s. In delivering the milk to the consumer, a vast increase takes place, not only in the price, but also in the quantity, which is greatly adulterated with water, and sometimes impregnated with still worse ingrcdieiTts, to hide the cheat : by these practices^ and the additional charge made for cream, the sum paid by the public can hardly be less than 150 per cent, on the original cost; or, in ail, 6'97j265l. 12s, 6d,t The milk is conveyed to the consumers in tin vessels, called pails, * 1 have taken great paitis," says Mr. Foot, to ascertain iliese numbers with as much precision as the nature of the subject is capable of ; and having collected my information from the following places, I have great confidence in the account being nearly accurate. MiddLtsex : Tothill Fields and Knightsbridge, 205 ; Edgware-road, 550 j Padding- ton, Tottenham Court-road, Battle Bridge, Gray's-inn-lane, i^agnigge- wells, and Islington, 3ri50; Hoxton, 150; t^atcliff, 205 ; Mile-end, 406 ; Limehouse, ISO; Poplar, 70; Bethnal-green, 200; Hackney, 000 ^ Bromley, 160; Bow, 100; Shoreditch and Kingsland, 200 ; odd cows, 224: total 7200. Kent: Deptlord, Ivotherhithe, Greenland-dock, New-cross, and Bermondsey, (i81. Surrey : Lambeth, South Lambeth, Kennington-bridge, Cold-harbour, Peckham, Peckham-ryc, Newingtou, and Camberweil, ol9. General total, 8500." f Every cow-house in this county is provided with a miik- room, where the milk is measured, and served out by the cow- Keeper, and this room is mostly furnished with a pump, to which the retail- ^6 MIDDLESEX. pails, wliicli are prmclpally carried about by women, mostly ro- bust Welsh girls : it is distributed twice daily through all parts of the town. The following particulars of the treatment of the milcli cows are given by Mr. Foot. " During the night, the cows are confined in stalls : about three oViOck in the morning, each has a half bushel basket of grains. From four o clock to half past six they are milked by the retail- dealers. When the milking is finished, a busliel basket of turnips is given to each cow ; and very soon afterwards they have an al- lotment, in the proportion of one truss to ten cows, of the most grassy and soft meadow-hay, which had been the most early mown, and cured of the greenest colour. These several feedings are generally nrade before eight o'clock in the morning, at which time the cows are turned into the cow yard. About twelve ocloct they are again confined to their stalls, and served with tire same quantity of grains as they had in the morning. About half past one o'clock in the at>ernoon, the milking re-commences, and con- tinues till near three, when the cows are again served with the same quantity of turnips ; and about an hour afterwards, with the same distribution of hay as before described. This mode ef feeding ge- nerally continues during the turnip season, which is from the month of September till the month of May. During the other months in the year, they are fed with grains, cabbages, tares, and the foregoing proportion of rouen, or second-cut meadow-hay, and are continued to be fed and milked with the same regularity as before described, until they are turned out to grass, when they continue in the field all night; and even during this season they are fed with grains, whick are kept sweet and eatable for a consi- derable length of time, by being buried in pits made for that pur- pose. There are about ten bulls to a stock of three hundred cows. retail-dealers apply in rotation, not secretly, but openly, and pump wa- ter into the milk vessels at their discretion ; the pump being placed there expressly for that purpos'/, and but sfldom used for any other. A con- siderable cow-keeper in Surrey has a pump of this kind, which goes by the name of the Black Cow, from its being painted of that colour, and it is said to yie'd more than ail the rest put together.'' Middleton's Vieiv, p. 423. MIDDLESEX* I50WS. The calves are generally sent to Smillifield-market, at one, two, or three days old wherethcy sell at from ll. 6's. to ll. 1 Is. 6d, each. *^ Such cows as give an extraordinary quantity of* milk, are usually kept five or six, and sometimes even seven years. Tiie whole are ultimately dried, in which state they are fattened, and afterwards sold to the butchers." The net profit to the cow- keeper upon every cow is estimated at 61. annually. When any quantity of milk remains unsold, the cream is taken from it, and made ijito fresh-butter for the London markets, the butter-milk being given to the hogs. The business of the Dairy, however, is but little understood or practised in this county. Many Calves are suckled in Middlesex : they become fat, and make the best veal, in about ten weeks; but are frequently let suckle from eight to twelve weeks longer, yet not without some loss of delicacy and flavour, though with considerable increase of weight. The Sheep of this county are not of any particular breed, the farmers purchasing their stocks indiscriminately at the fairs of Wilts, Berks, and Hants, and of the jobbers in West Country sheep, at Kingston and other fairs. The flocks are proportioned to the rights of common appertaining to the respective farms ; but those which have not been changed, or crossed, are much degenerated. The greater part of the hay farmers are without common rights, and devote much of their after-grass to the agist- ment of sheep and neat cattle, which they take in sheep at 5s. per score, and bullocks at Is. per head per week.'' The many ewes which are kept for the purpose of supplying the London markets with House Lambs^ are all of the Dorsetshire breed : this is a very profitable branch of farming, and is said to have originated in Middlesex, though now very generally spread in different parts of the country. The early-lambing ewes, of which those of a larger size, with white noses, are always preferred, are sought for with great diligence, the prices varying from forty to fifty shillings, " The sheep which begin to lamb about Michaelmas, are kept in the close during the dc>y, and in the house during the night, till they have produced twenty or thirty lambs. These lambs are then put 25 MIDDLESEX. put into a lamb-house,* wliich is kept constantly weM littered witit clean white straw ; and chalk (which has been previously baked m mi oven) is provided for them to lick, both in lump and in pow- dery in order to prevent looseness. As a preventimi against gnaw- ing the boards, or eating each others wool, a little wheat straw h placed, with the ears downward, in a rack within t!ieir reach. Iiu this house they are kept, with great care and attention^ until fit for the butcher. The mothers of the lambs are turned evcTj night, at tight o'clock, into the bmb-house to their oftspring ; at six in the mom- mg they are again separated, and the mothers sent back to their pastures. At eight o'clock, such ew^es as have lost their own iambs,, and those ewes whose iambs are sold, are brought in, and held by the head till the lambs by tmm suck them clean : thej are then turned into the pasture, and at tweke o'clock the mothers of the lambs are driven from the pasture hilo the lamb-house for au hour, in the course of which time each lamb is suckled by its Biother. At four o'clock, all the ewes, tliat have not lambs cf their own, are again brought to the lamb-house, and held for the lambs to suck; and at eight the mothers of the lamVjs are brought to them for the night. If a ewe gives more milk than its iaml> will si;ck, the superabundance is given to the twins, or to any- other lamb whose mother may not be able to furnish it with suffi- cient food. The shepherd must, in this case, hold the ewe, or she would not suffer the strange lamb to su^k. From their timid nature, it is essential that they should be kept free from every species of unnecessary disturbance. This method of suckling is continued all the year. As well to support the ewes, as to fatten the lambs, the former are provided with plenty and variety of food. In addition to after-grass, turnips, cole, rye, tares, and clover, are added the best cured second-cut hay, brewers' grains, bran, pollard^ oats, ground barley, oil-cake, and even hnlseed. This diet * *^ A lamb-house, to suckle from I GO to ISO Iambs at a time, should be 70 feet long, and 18 broad, with three coops of diflferent sizes at each end, so constructed a? to divide the lambs according to their MIDDLESEX. 23 diet prociuces plenty of milk of the most nutritious kind, and that promotes growth and fat in the lambs. A contrary system would render the lambs stunted ; in winch case no diet, or contrivance, could make them either large or tat. The bntciiers select such of the lambs as become fat enough, and of j)roper age, (about <}ight weeks old,) and send them to market during December, and the three or four succeeding months, at prices which vary from two guineas to five; and the rest of th^ year at about two guineas eadi."* Early Grass Lambs are also an object of considers bk im- portance with the farmers of Middlesex ; and for tlicse likewise the Dorset eW'CS are chiefly selected, though the South Down biK^ed is occasionally preferred. The feed both of the ewes and lambs, is principally turnips and second crop hny. The lambs are sold, fat, in the months of April, May, and June, at from thirty shil- lings to two guineas each. Tlte number of Horses kept ii^ this county amounts to upward* of 30,000, yet very few are bred in it remarkable for their quality. The cart-horses, which are compact and bony, are purchased at the different fairs in tlie neighbouring couuties, and at the reposi- tories and stables of the several dealers in the Metropolis. Many of the horses employed for agricultural purposes, as well as those used by the brewers, distillers, and carmen of London, are bred in Leicestershire, and the adjoining counties; and being purchased by the country dealers at two or three years old, are sold by them to the farmers of Wiltshire, Hampshii*e, and Berkshire, who work them gently the first year, and keep them on till they are about five years old, when they sell them to the London dealers at high prices, as they are then of a proper age for constant work. The coach and saddle-horses are principally bred in Yorkshire, and brought up from that and other counties by the dealers. The draught-horses belonging to the brewers, distillers, coal merchants^ ike. are scarcely to be equalled as to strength and figure.f Hogs are * Middleton's View, p, 454—56 f Middleton's View, Chap. XllL sec. iii, where see some excellent comp^iradve observations on the superior utility of horses to oxt^n, when employed in agriculture. 50 MIDDLESEX. are kept in considerable numbers, but cliiefly by the malt distillerSj for whom they are purchased lean, at a large market held on Finchley Common, and to which they are brought from Shrop- shire, and other distant counties : great numbers of fattened hogs are also bought for the hog-butcheries about London ; and the ba- con cured here is but httle inferior to that brought from Wilts and Yorkshire. Much Poultry is reared in Middlesex, but chiefly for home consumption ; and many Pidgeons are also bred in this coun- ty, though more for amusement by journeymen tradesmen, than as a source of profit. Rabbits are bred by the poor people in many places in and about London ; and, for the most part, when of sufficient age, and in proper condition, are sold to the poulterers, who by this means supply the market at those seasons when wild or warren rabbits cannot be had : the only regular warren in the county is on Uxbridge Common. The landed property of this county is much divided, the afflu- ence obtained by so many persons in trade and commerce, having rendered small Estates very desirable within a few miles round the Metropolis. On many of them are the seats and villas of gentlemen and merchants, who occupying their own grounds, keep them in a superior state of cultivation, and embellishment. The Far7Hs are in general small, the largest probably not exceed- ing 600 acres. From that to 200 acres there are several, the rentals of which are high ; those in the immediate vicinity of Lon- don varying, in proportion to their size, from 20001. to 50001. per annum: from 200 acres to 100, and from that to fifty, and even to twenty-five and twenty, they are very numerous; and the average size of the whole county might, perhaps, be stated at 100 acres. The farmers, or cultivators of the soil, in Middlesex, may be divided into various classes or descriptions of persons. In the vicinity of London, the ground is mostly rented by cow-keepeis, gardeners, and nursery-men. The land lying immediately beyond the last, is occupied by the villas of wealthy citizens and others; and at a still further distance, by farmers, who are again divided, first, into persons with whom farming is but a secondary occupa- tion, (their priniarv occupation being generally in London;) and, 2 second lyj MIDDLESEX. 31 secondly, by persons, who, having acquired an easy fortune by other pursuits, retire to farming, with the idea of miitiiig profit and aniuse;nent in their agricjiltural hibors. Tiie tiiird is a less numerous class, and consists likewise of persons who have been in a different liiie of business, yet having a strong inclination for rural occupations, they abandon their former eniployinents altogether, and resort to farming as a profv^ssioii : this class forms the most intelligent and most accurate of husbandmen. Tiie fourth and last class is about equal in mnnber to all the rest, and is composed of persons who are farmers by profession, and wlio have at no time been engaged in any other line of business; these, as a body of men, may be said to be industrious and respectable, and much more intelligent than the generality of farmers in places more dis- tant from the Metropolis."* The Rent of lands in this county varies greatly, according to local and other circumstances; some may be averaged at as low as 10s. per acre, and again upwards from that sum to more than 3 01. per acre. The rents are, without exception, paid in money, with the addhion, in some few instances, of supplying the landlord s family, in town, with fresh butter, at 8d. or pd. per pound of sijiteen ounces; and with cream at 6d. per pint." Tithes are mostly taken in kind, or at an annual composition : in some pa- rishes the sum compounded for has been very little advanced with- in the last twenty years; a few farms are tithe-free. In respect to Tenures in Middlesex, there is much freehold, a considerable portion of copyhold, and some church, college, and corporation land. Copyhold estates are mostly, if not entirely, of inherilance, subject to fines and heriots. In some manors the fines are certain, and so small, that the tenure is little, if at all, inferior to freehold: in others, they are at the will of the lord; that is, subject to pay two years of the full rent as a tine. — In Harrow are some that are called head copyholders, and that have this seeming advantage, that the heir at law pays no fine on his admission; and one of these copyholders, having been ojice ad- milted^ * Middleton's View, p. 58,-9. 52 MIDDLESEX. mitted, may purchase any other copyhoki, or all the copyholds m the niruior, and pay no fine; and they will descend to his heir in like manner; but if he sells, the lord may impose on the purcha- ser what fine he pleases; for instance, one thousand pounds, thougli the copyhold itself should not he worth one hundred pounds: the consequence to the copyholder is, that the seeming aed by Rates/ appears to average at 10s. 10-id. per head on the whole population; and the amount of the ' whole expeuditure on account of the Poor/ appears to average at 8s. 11-^d. per head on the whole population. The expenditure in suits of law, removal of paupers, and ex- pences of overseers, and other officers, according to tlie present Abstract, amounts to 18,084-1. 6s, 4|d. The exi)enditure in pur- chasing materials for employing the Poor, to 33051. Os. 2|d. The Poor of thirty-two Parishes, or Phices, are maintained and employed under the regulation of Special Acts of Parliament; the Poor of fifty-seven other Paiishes, or Places, are farmed or maintained under contract. The * Clerk of the Peace' states, that above three-fourths of the Parishes, or Places, in this County, rate according to the Rack-rent; and others in the following proportions; viz. tw^o at IwO'thirds; one at two fifths; seven at three fourths; eight at four-fifths; one at seven eighths ; and one at three-tenths.** In fourteen Parishes, or Places, the * Rate in the Pound* is stated on the rack-rental; and the amount of money raised there- by, at 137,6481. lis. 2^d, The amount of the rack-rental, as computed therefrom, is f)64,403}. '2s. 6|d. and consequently the average rate in the pound on this rental, is 4s. 10|d. The ave- rage rate per Pound of the whole County, is stated at 3s. 5|d. but the rate varies from 9d. to 8s. and upwards. £. s. d. The Money raised by Assessment for the Relief of the Poor for the year ending at Easter, 1/76, was 189,975 6 2 The medium Average of ditto in the years ending at Easter 1783, 1/ 84, and 1785, was 210,()10 9 6 The Amount of the Rates raised during the year ending at Easter 1803, was - - - 490,14i' 1 7| C 4 The 4^ MIDDLESEX. The Expenditure for the Relief of the Poor X. s, ft. for the same Terms, and in the same or- der, was, for 177tf 174,263 1 3 Medium of the years 1783, 17S4, and 1785 J95,427 1 2 Total for 1803 3(>7,284 12 lOf Expenditure for other purposes, as Church- Rate, County-Rate, Highways, Militia, &lc, for the year ending at Easter, 1803 - - 111,691 10 0| Total Expenditure for the year ending at Easter, 1803, for the Poor, and otlier Purposes - 478,976 2 11 The Money earned by the Poor (both in and out of Workhouses) towards their Main- tenance during the same Time - - - - 13,319 5 8| The number of Friendly Societies in the county was 1132; of which fifty-four are stated to be Female Societies, and 750 to have been enrolled at the Quarter Sessions, pursuant to the Acts passed in the thirty-third and thirty-fifth years of his present Majesty. The total number of persons belonging to these Societies, are stated at 72,741, (of whom 3754 were returned as females,) being nine in a hundred of the resident population. It is stated also, in the Abstract, that " The area of this coun- ty (according to the latest authorities) appears to be 297 square statute miles, equal to 3 90,080 statutes acres: wherefore, the number of inhabitants in each square mile (containing 640 acres) averages at 2755 persons/' The following Tables of the Number of Inhabitants, &c. of this County, are extracted from the Returns made under the Act pass- ed for ascertaining the Amount of the Population of the whole Kingdom, in the year 1800; 40lh Geo. 111. Abstract MIDDLESEX. 41 •suos '^^d JO l^iox CO 00 CTiOC CTiOO 04 O X} ^ "O X) ^ ^ CO a «0 CM r>. coco «>3 't* J>- ^q) ui p9snd LUOD lOU suos CS! O !>• CO ^ -"^i Tfl CO LO a^ CO "O^^o ca >X3 >X5 to^sO >^D '^^-O CJ'vO t—O '-'O CJ^'O Cr> « i>» COOO CO ^ ^ oi CO r-- nuBj/\[ '3pejj, to -"f CO i>0 «>>CO O UI paKojdiuo X[p!i{osuosj.^j '-0--D O »- OO oo CO C3^ 01 « OO ^O Ol 05 CO^ O^OO OJ o» 00 'OOO CO 0-5 00 CO '^OO (Ti C7> 04 iX> Ol 04 L0^3 oi I CO O COCO o cnx) r-< ^ ri r-c4 tootoo to — tor-- *p3?iqBi|uiajQ r-- 0 r«- .CO -5*^ CQ 3C OO <0 CO Olri OlTl-'^OoJ oi o3 CTi O vC tooO ^ tOOO to oi !N t--'0 O CO 04 »-i tj- CO X--0 a i-o COVi th •pajiqEquj — ^ CO CO oo cr> 04 H to ^ jr jc j= o 3 O o W ^ S c C J= -C >^jC ^ ^ ^ i: 'i:: 'c: ^ 'j: 'J: 'z 'Z 'C ^- s< OO CO ro TO ro 03 - O C/5 <: o £ o O ^. ^ _J 4J 9? ly: '.O MIDDLESEX* a •scos t>» r* CO (T>V£> ?0 coo r-CO «?1 ^ $ DO CTiCOOO O {S CO X5 O ^ »t fl CI tcj ur pDstjd lO CO OO CO o '-'POOOei'^'^'+'ej 1 -rf cj^ o ^ ^ CO ^ rJ^OO 1 O CO^ VO to CO rj^ to lO CI CO o TO a, o 0 a- ■yeaDtpuef^ JO *S3jniDRJ -^ueI^T ^o^.bjx ui p^Ao[dui^> !>. CT^'O . CJ >O00 «0 CO • >-i CO CO r* »0 to •3in4[roiii)V ui paXojduia -T- TTvO o cr> -> o (J. « COOO ''d^ tQOO O O O »^ CO oc^ cqtHO r^OO r^-^O r^^^ ^ to 04 « to T+ rj^ao CO 'O cr> CO ■pa^iqequiu/i ^ c:) j- j « to' ^0 »^ '"f j C4 O OO 3 uses. •paid AuEui Moq Ag O «o CO sC^ ^ tfi o crj !N CO «N ^ tO O'l ^ o o •-» W Tf* o X •p3jiqEi(«I O O to ^ c-^co r-^ to - to M(Ot^'-'cr>coTt) c T^no CO N (T> cr^ 0 ^ CO CO 00 C OJ CO 0^00 CO O - ^ ^ CO ^" ^ M CO 0 ^ 0 00 "J r I iUip9D3jd OMJ H[7 m pasud UiOD 5OU SUOS -.13 J .i^qio i[V CO 0 00 CO ^ ^ Oi r: ^ to CO r*00 -"f CO 0 cy» CT^ (X) tH »H CO'X) 0 CJ »-< CO ^ -^r-'sO »0030« oS^ CO ^ - ^- - «>5 "O 0 C- eo 'H uo sO cr> « CO CO ^ ■ 0 a 0 W CO CO 0 a» CM CO 0* cr> 0"i c-j 0 OOC7>'Hr-.ocO'^ 0 -^r^OOOO ^ -* CO Tft co0 w t-* CO CO r>» 0^>fc w CO CO c ^ 0 04 d o a. J= ^ ^ ^ J- ^ ^ J5 . g- ■ 'il *«n 'Z 'Z 'C ^ ^ cu cu ci^ ou cu ^ bp i 1 • • • ,elds ibury 3d :,ancaste ■zi S p 0 ^ Q ry^ CO /■/:: Q-i c/p -y; uJ 4^ o C •suos ej »o «o o^ »^ « 01 1^ a r-i Off CO uo u-joo 0 Tt«0O CSCOCOCJO>00 «0 i-1 c<:) »o ^00 ^ • ST oq^ ui pasud -uiOD 50U suos jpq^o nv 0 a\ t- CO 0^ r^oo n 00 CO 0 CT^ f^<^ 04 OJ M coco rt» 10 OJ Ooot^ uoiococo ^ 01 N CO 0" 00 CO 00 00 ; « •aje.iDipuBH JO 'spanpBj -nuBj^ '^pKiX ill p9Ao[duU3 Af}9R|3 SUOSJ3J w «0 0 CTi CO 00 ^ OJ OJ to ^ ^ 1 CO CO >0 0 0 00 0 ui p3AO[dao X[f9!qD SUOS.I3J - - i:j -0 0 CO Cr> CO r-c cO 61 0 <^ CO 'sO CO »-» OJ 01 0» CO 0 r- •p9;iqBquuif^ 01 »0 »0 10 UTi CO rt CO CO 0 -n: Au )DO SS BLU A • paid IflUIBJ \oq A}j 0 0 CT^ 0 0% CO « w 5 CO CO r> -"^^ 0 COOO . co<£) CO io<^ V « OJ t-- n « Cil •ps^iqBquj <0 -"^fCO 0 CO CO CO »^ »^ Oi u:) ^ ^ »1 r« OJ 01 t-^ »-< CO t^CO coi^D to 00 05 0 parish parish parish parish hamlet parish parish parish 'parish parish parish hamlet parish parish extra p. parish 1 Nine Parishes, Sec, j Parish, Township, or Extra Paroc! Edgwai-e Harrow on the Hill Hendon . . . . Kingsbury « . Pinner . . . . Stan more, Great Ditto, Little Seven Parishes Acton , . • . Chiswick Ealing . , , . Fulham . . . . Hammersmith » , Kensington , , St. Luke, Chelsea Twyford, West Willesden Hundreds, |o s MIDDLESEX. •suos -J3J JO [BJOX oo ^ ?o CO CO CO «^CJ C« CT>COl>.-t"Cr>CO^rt e< ^»coco»-rh" COOO 0 coO CTii^cOt^O 01 (N 01 COCO-^N T><(^i»©cO'Hio 00 : -UI03 JOU SllOS JO 's^jnjDBj III p3X0[dlU9 01 to CO « lO T-» CO e» CI »o (Ti'.O CO ri r-« ko t>. « »-t C< »-t CO >o ,(|J3ILJ0 S110SJ3J ui p9/(o[dtUD CJ^ !>. w 01 0) •-• CO <^ CO ^ CO "OOO O 1-t l-H CO »-l T-l ri *S3[Bm9j[ ro CM ^ cr» oo '-O CO O "-O O .O e>i ■^i o o) aOO^'Ooi'X) CT>t^ COsO »-< oa 00 CA Oi ^ ^COO^C^CO 00' CJ U3 - a-> oo •vO '-' r~ CM oo '^■5 c;-> "-i^-jG CO CO o> ^ 00 t-- «Ovi:> CO »^«cct^co»-«»^ COOO CO CO 00 O CO o -o^o j t-- C7) yf'OO "OOO a)sO CO 0 •p^^iqequiufi CO CO 00 00 'paid 00 -0 0 CO >o <> .0 i:- 00 !M CM Cr> *>• OJ 00 CM ^ ^ CO Oi yi -nDDO S9J|llUBj[ CO '{up.uj ivvoq Xg a-) CO O") OJ 0 (N CTiyo Tt^OO ^ CO ^O^sO £>» ei CO -O »0 i-» 1-1 CO a 1^ O'i 'paijqBqui 00 CO o» CO 0 ••z -c: £ 'z Ou D- D--C; D- 0-, f 03 n; P3 C3 OS , a., CL, a. o. a. • s •5 'a C O ^ O |j o tn H H S S 5 5 S ess ^ o o w G S < cQ 3: .v: op >^ ! M el u ? <^ 46 ^nDDHESEX. 'SUOS JO [g;ox CO o O '^ -^ ^ t>» cy> t-. C3 30 oo O ^ O ^ -St* OJ CTi sO ^ •S9SSKI3 31}} Ul psSLld JO *s;>jnpKj Ul p^Xoidui.) >u O •-< 1 O oi o^oo »o lo cr> CO cooo ■«f«-»'vO tooeocoo- ei coo^d r>.TH«-< rf ^ t^O co-" ojoo rfico»-< CO rf* r~ t-''sD t-^ Oi) O CO ' III paXofdaia « "^ti O CO 1-1 »-t »^ CO coco - a^co'^oo cTi'OO CO cr>oo « « »^ ^ « CJ cooo ^r^co ooei'^or'^'^ ^cjcO'-' KO co-^^ CM r^O ^oi CTiCO rHO CT) n a% o coe3 o t^o ^ ^ ^ a a «o cTi>o h (N O ^-JD 00 00 00 o O cc c< 00a^«CO«CO yt* CO ■r* r-4 psiiqequiufi •p9id -nOOO S3I{lUiBj[ Aueiu MOL{ Xg ■^'OO r-»0 '-' •paiiqequj ^CJit^cJ lOO^uocoO^ -^00 LO»OCM ooo t^OOOOO CTid r^rrico r^-l-^Cl lOCO CO It ^ ?: o H E c o -5 H c! ' <^ t> ^ CQ g o ^ ■j^ c/: '^-^ — - ^1 < CC O ! •5 uT -c row to a ^ a, o o r:i MIDDLESEX, 4? > O a>> CTiO OO i-^ t- ' O oj >o OO ^ «0 I - lO 'O ^ 04 ^ ^ '"^ '^^'^ I ^ 1 I I 1 I 1 n I I ^ I M i M " I 11 1 1 i 1 I 1 ! i C^, CO cr^o -':,co i-oo o cn - oo o o;; o^.^ zc cr^X) o n cr. ^ O CO -« « P-. CO COOO 'Or^'OTfOr-tir^cMcio^co "O-^ r^^uo«(NC4-^c; oOCn^lcN r^co:or-rr'^•OT^-cOri«•c^(^^^4CO'-t-•0 r^Tti^ocicjco-^foi <^ ^ ^ j I ^ - j - CO CO -^f - « CO COOO « cr. i o, CO ^5 I c;. j *^ ^ O ^ '^D H^'^"^ «^ ^ ^ a> c?'0 -t^^5^ -^04 t-^ ^ ^ C4 c., u:, ^ cf. r^. '.N o o cn -o a^'5"oo™io (tT-^^cSIj :iii-i:i:f-i:iJ:S:§-g3:i:11-^^3:l3:5j^:|-g:53 s^^^jyS i5.g.ilil.s.s.is.ig.i;.5.iiiil.g.i i l.a.is-a.(;'s.s. 2.a. ...... III III III _ < Q q g o Q Q o <^ < i.p-TMfil|-^-'-"-sffilll4f Sl.lllrtl.^ i.l.llaJIJI I s3«i <^ < Q O < < <: < cS ^ Q Q 5 U O O Q Q txi 5 c2 e li 48 31IDDLESEX. •suos JO |H30X CO o '^o cr> oj o CO oj o <.a o oo ^ isD ct^ 00 §: •^jHjDipuej^ JO *S9jri5JKJ -nuejAj 'ppejx ui p^Xo^duis AfpiUD SUOSJ3J O^OO r-» f^>0 -^OJ CT^O^r^COOOO COOO 00 r>.tvD ^ t-* COOO t>» u:) cTi'^D »-* >-oo c4 I'-^i-' cr> 00 0 0 t-^coco'«t«cr>cjooo CTiCTi cnoo T^OOCO-^CMN 0JCOairt<»-t»-<-^»-lNr^»^»^ ^OrHT-to* r-.'OO C3^t-^-^Cr-ir^O cOTt^uocOOO r^icc r-.OC :-^cl O 0 00 0 CO Cr> CTi'sO 10 CM C^OO '^t-^rt-r^-H a^^^o T*<0© « r- CO -SJH n « COOO CO^rt^r^C}>->r^w> yDMiHOl — |'^C?4O'-'^'2»^;)jCOC0O j j J ja^.C4CNii.^O'«t'|'-« •p93iqBLnjii-iri •paid -nn30?3i}iaieq iiuzm Moq ^ rfoo cc 04 t , 0 t-- Tt^sO oc 'X:! ^ 0 r-> COOO 10 01 ^0 -rf ;>t Tj- 03 co'.o 04 CO 0 co^ >0'^r-'^-.cocO'-< t^«oco X •p33TqBi{ui C'- CO r-OO CO -0 rt* C. Cr> CTk'sC CO (N ^ 00 0 0 ^.CG VT- -f* CO "M CM 0 t^.t^'-»OJ i^J-^CO-^O C0<>0 CO CO "-OO C» " ry' 04 1-t H< lace. Parish, Township, or Extra Parochi? George, St. Botolph-lane Gregory, St. . , . Helen, St. near Bishopsgate James, St. in Duke's- place Ditto, Garlickhitlie John, St. Baptist . , . j :John, St. Evangelist John, St. Zachary , Catherine, St. Coleman . . ! Ditto, Cree-church Lawrence, Jewry-street . Lawrence, St. Pountney iLeonard, St. Eastcheap ! Ditto, Foster-laue iMagnus, St. the Martyr 1 Ditto, Moses Ditto, New Fi&h-street Ditto, Pattens . . Martin, St. Ironmonger-lane Ditto, Ludgate Ditto, Orgars , Ditto, Outwich , Ditto, Vintry Q ^4 & K 'C ^' MIDDLESiSX. 49 O ifj -O <0 0» CO. ^ 00 K i> '-I tH \0 GO rH 3^ tH (>. CO 3v( | 00 O 'O "^f 'O ^0^50rnCOO^i<>.COiOT-l3^0^c0 3^)C<2G^T-ii^i>"sd I I I I i I I I i I I i I I M I 1 I I I I I I i I - I ^ 1 ^^^ o -i^ ,0 — I cr> :o x> o O c-> o ^ .o 'i^ j cc 3 .^^ -o co t <-i o o .o .^i a; o ^ oj ®^ -^5* a* o CO -s^i (V* O) N CO 'o o C< 3aO'^'-^T-»5^TH<^T-1 — ■»H<>.t-iiO-HT-'t» O w 'nC T-1 i-< 00 (;3 CO CT- --^ *o 'i^; . Tfi i-. o T*- -v; G'j lo 00 c* . . --':) 'C. , (5<)C0 2><0^'0"^iOCOOTHi«C'*OCOTr^iO'*cOiNC03^C^O^C»lOCO^*■*iOTf^cOT:*O^AOln•:O^OS<» *^ ."2 ."^ ."3 ."^ "35 "cif) « 03 :3 rJ CL iS.^ '-5- 3 ^ i ?= ^ I E - >^ cT o cT o O ^ — CO t3 £2 '■^ rz O • ^ ^ ii] s c/i , p2 O c« f:iH ^ cc c ' p S:' = ^ do o o o o o o o 3 5S 1? ^ c 3^? r; C3 ' . - ^ ^ ^ > 2 3 5 3 _w c 5 5 S 5^ 8 D 30 MiDDLESlilX. 1 C^j i>. iO C O CO CO y,[X ui pasjid -aioD lou suos O G^) 1>- '-^ *^ ^ CO ^ ^ «0 CO '^-t<3^ Tf< do CO CO CO th CO CO a. th '<^« CTi Ti I G-' O CO CO 00 ^ CO c i> cr. 00 c> ^ ^ T-» r-i CO T-l T-l 00-H^ I — la. c^^'^>r^co^O^ ■^ThCO »<^'^^0£^OC0^'H'*H. VO I tH -"^ Qs( GO UI p9A0|daia I 1 o xr ^^■f ^'■^ S 2? r-1 ^ C>< 0< £>. !>. 20 ^ !>. : •: o co ^ — CO'^cOi'^coOTiHO 5>j*r;criC0 ^ CO CM 3^ 00 ri C 00 O - CO CO CO ^ S2 ? ^^vnT-(C^CN{c^cNco 00 c>» CO o CO th 04 a% Oi0C0"*O^C0OCnO0%^O CO (3-> O Cr- CO CO CO CO CO T-i CM CC CO 0^ ^O •pajiqequiufi -(^ <3* o o , CO a» CO CO CO CO CO Tfi i^COr-llOCi <^COrHO0rH ♦ ^ CO th r-i CO rr-OCOO'Oi^CO'ttCO ■^e^ioocococ^cococo O Tf< CO 'M CO rr< CO CO 00 TH ^ CO S". f^. co iOCOCOCO^COOOOO^ io a. 6. o CO 'ao *Q^^ J§ -2 V3 r/i 5 r cu cu Q- a. a. r« a.cr' o % 2 si :« t2 'C 3-2 32 7^ 4^ ^ o o s "5 •£ "5 *^ .S '5 *S PQ S 4J 4J S CC C/2 ^ — — -r o o ^.2 ■5^ o i= 2 o o o S3 CQ CC ^ 2 >^ MIDDLESEX, 51 CO (3<( ^ ^ 00 CTi ^ 00 CO CO 'O CO C^J 00 «> ^} VO ^ CO r-i O ^ "^O C 04 O ^ 00 O ^ r-l <3s» eo ^ <3^ "^l O C 00 CO i-O 3s{ Tfi tH rH OC O CO C CO O CO T}H iC O Ci iO is. CO CO VO CO l> ^ CO CO tH •O CTi O t>. <>. 'O fc^ CO CO 'O <> -H CO CO 3s> JiO CO tH Gs> ^ 0< T-( O ^) CO O ^ -r-i '.0 t>» CO —< GO rj< tH Oi -H i-O CO ^-O CO 'C^ <3^> rti ^ Tji 3s» Cs> 'O O b« TT* ''^ COG^C^COKOOiAO'^OCO'-iTf' ^ lO a. 6- ^ *0 O CO CO T-i CO 'O T-t ■>< CO * 0% th 00 c^) CO CO n< ^ C i>- <>. V C CO 3^ CO COCsfrHG^'T-iT-iTH^Q^) O i-O lO ^O ^ CO "N» CO O «0 C7^yHOfs.r-^o*s.COCOiO rf«— (C>»COtHOtHtHOCO «oocr>'-ico>coaicoi> Cs>KT-i«O'.'0T-"'*C0Oi^is.is 0< >C — CO O tH ~i CO T}< is.oo^ooa>'OC^o<'>^co GO c-^t cr^ Tt< 'O lo 3<> th CT^t^co — OiCT^oi^c^ai ^ CO T-< 3^ t}< ^ T-l C7> T-l o T-1 cr> CO 1 rn I I «^ ^-^ iO Okj ^ O O 1 is CO s •H tH <3n> G* 1 j 3^ rJH 1 GO GO C TH ^ tH T-i 1 GO 1-1 CTi T-" o 1 O CO ^ ^ i>. r-l Cr> ^ C4 tH CO GvJ i-H T-s GO '0 i^ t>. 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H 2 i2 So c 2 .t: s: 2 -p/l ^ 'ii eq i« 5 3 2 ^ ^ ^ CO -S g ^ ^ o 2 I S oT o 2 2 -r £ 2 H si Si ^ ^ 52 MIDDLESEX. •saos -JO J JO ]u?ox €N — 1 ^ CO CO N O c?> CO N. lr^ CO tH -r-l CO -rH GO T-i 117802 (voeoocni-0.COC^T-ito -H ^ Tt» T-i CO t o aqj in p9SKid -UIOD JOU suos ^ CO O CO *0 O O «0 O ''^0 GO ^O tH CO O O lO <^ T-1 Ss> O T-i K CO CO O id 1 S«-> G<> GO ^ GOC^i'^OOCOCO 1 COOJ'-i'O iH ^ 60 tH 1682 JO 'soanpsj -iintJTiT ^jinu f T ui po/Cojchud o o <0 ^ 'sO C% -H ^. o i> GO -H T-1 14150 i ^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 - *9.UmU0I.lja>Y ui pa.^oidma %oiijDsaosioj; ■rH CO 1 rr< CO i> 1 T CO CO tH -H 'O lA 1 1 1 [ 1 1 M i i 1 i 1 1 I 1 I I 1 1 1 1 O -r-l O Ci CO h- ^ VO O i:> o ^<;oc>.ococo iO'^C0C0i- f«- T-i 2yOCri / €^coiN.'^o^'7<^'-<-^Tn CN CO -H *p9)iqGquiii£[ •paid CO <^o 'O is T-* tH Tf< GO CO ^ t>- i> :n sv< O CC 00 00 ITS CO ^ CO '<^< CO O <^ en ®^ CO r-l r-l TjH CO •pajiqEquj "n^ CO O C- T-l 'iO CO CO 'vO Tf^COSOO^-^O^OVOCOS-* C0«Ot>*OC0C0C0C0 T-i-^ >^ X i>< X X i< X i< i< i< a iS Z? 51; o 43 «^ c ^ • 0^1 MIDDLESEX. 53 K ift C G^ in GO GO 30 O 'O GO^ '^'"•'^ ^ ^ C0i>^C0riO'S0Ci OOCOON.Ot-.G0^CJ^b-7H ^ ^ ^" 00 ^ O CO ^ tH t-I -H Oi CO Tf* eo — GO rf< is- "«^« o N.soT'^co'-oaiO^ o <0 ^.^^rnGOt^^ ^ CO GO T-fa>rH*^30a»G0G0 -r^ C0^O%^OGoa>r-l GO -H *^ *n *n *si! *sir *s 'u, 'sZ *s Cu CU Q. 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T-iGO T-1 GO T-* tH T-t GO O *f5 CO b» O O 30 CTi O^OCOGOCOOOiftCOCOOOC 'H ^ o GO i> C7i CO 30 30 10 ^ ^ a^"^ CO ^ gT^^ -^'^co'k ^ GO cr> O GO O- CO iO ^ GO GO GO O O CO O CO CO C7i CO cr) CO CO Oi ''f — 0^ GO O •30 GO 10 ^ O GO c- a> O GO CO GO GO «5 ^ cn CO KT^KT'^J^ioNrnr^'^^ GO 00 ri< tH O C^* 'O (50 i>.'30COCO^ T-t CO th GO 'O i:^ ^ CO CO — ts. ifo O CO o i> Tj^ T-( Tj* O GO GO GO T-i Tj^i>GOGOiOCOT}iCri^TT TH tH tJ< tH go th o 00 a* o-> CO o T-1 o GO tH O O GO GO CO C G^^ T-< 00 CO CO CO GO ^ iH i>. CO GO <0 1.0 GO CO GO G^ ^ 30 ^ ^ Sd'ScS^ T-! GO CO r-f G-) T-l f*5 S • • • S * ^ ^S^^-^i J ^ g $= o J - 2^ 54 MIDDLESEX. 8 1^ •eiios n\} ui posiid mod }ou suos '■■0 o c o 00 CO o CO JO *S9.UH0B| <^ o T-1 CO CO