iH(Yadt2tetetl»rtty EXHIBITION OF INDUSTRY OF ALL NATIONS TO BE HELD IN LONDON, 1851. WASHINGTON: PRINTED BY ROBERTA. WATERS. 1850. CENTRAL COMMITTEE FOR THE UNITED STATES ON THE EXHIBITION OF INDUSTRY OF ALL NATIONS, TO BE HELD IN LONDON, 1851. WASHINGTON: PRINTED BY ROBERT A. WATERS. 1850 . CENTRAL COMMITTEE FOR THE UNITED STATES ON THE EXHIBITION OF INDUSTRY OF ALL NATIONS, TO BE HELD IN LONDON, 1851. For the information of all who are interested in the London Industrial Exhibition, the Central Committee for the United States have thought proper to publish the fol¬ lowing proceedings, correspondence, &c, which will make known the nature and object of their appointment, and the mode in which they propose to execute the trust committed to them. Meeting of the Central Committee for the United States, Pursuant to notice given, the Central Committee met at the rooms of the National Institute, on Thursday evening, the 13th instant, at 8 o’clock. The meeting was called to order by Professor Walter R. Johnson, on whose motion Peter Force, was called to the chair, and Chas, F. Stansbury chosen Secretary of the meeting. This temporary organization having been effected, the committee pro¬ ceeded to organize permanently by the appointment of the Hon. Mil¬ lard Fillmore, Vice President of the United States, Chairman, and Professor Walter R. Johnson, Secretary. The following papers were read in explanation of the appointment and duties of the committee: State Department, Washington^ May VIth^ 1850, To iht President of the National Institute for the Promotion of Science, Sir: I have the honor herewith to transmit copies of a correspondence which has taken place between the Minister Plenipotentiary of her 4 Majesty the Clueen of Great Britain and this Department, relative to the proposed Industrial Exhibition to be held in London in the year 1851. From the circular of the Royal Commissioners of Great Britain, hereto annexed, it will be observed, that all objects intended to be introduced from foreign countries and entered for that exhibition are required to have been first submitted to, and approved by, a central authority or commission of the country from which they shall be brought, and that no other will be recognized as a central authority except such as shall have been so cer¬ tified by the Government of the country in which it exists. That American industry and arts may be enabled to appear in the place allotted to them, it will be indispensable that a recognized central authority should be constituted ; and I am under the impression that the National Institute, having been regularly incorporated by act of Con¬ gress, and being habitually engaged in matters pertaining to the arts and sciences, is the proper body for taking the initiative in constituting such a central authority. I therefore beg leave to submit to its consideration the interesting and important subject which has been brought to the attention of this Depart¬ ment by the distinguished Envoy of her Majesty’s Government, and to request such action or suggestions as may seem necessary in order that the natural productions, the ingenuity, industry, and arts of the United States may be fully and suitably represented on the interesting occasion herein referred to. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, yours, JOHN M. CLAYTON. This communication was laid before the National Institute, and by it referred to a select committee, which brought in the following report: The special committee, to which was referred the communication from the Hon. John M. Clayton, Secretary of State, relative to the forma¬ tion of a central authority for transmitting articles to the Industrial Ex¬ hibition to be held in London in 1851, offers the following Report: The committee, impressed with the importance of the subject commend¬ ed to the Institute, have given to it their earnest and careful attention. The resources, the ingenuity, the industry, and arts of the United States are conceived to merit the best endeavors to procure for them op¬ portunities of being adequately represented in the great Industrial Exhi¬ bition at London. Agreeably to the programme adopted by the Royal Commission, no articles are to be received from Foreign Exhibitors except those which 5 ♦ shall have been approved by a central authority, recognized as such by the Government of the country from -which they are sent. This Institute being the only Society for the Promotion of Science and the Arts, directly incorporated by the Government, the Secretary of State has deemed it the appropriate body to take action or make suggestions relative to the fulfilment of the wishes of the Royal Commissioners, by the establishment of such a central authority as the case seems to require. To this voluntary proposal on the part of the Secretary of State, the committee consider the National Institute in duty bound to respond. In accordance with this view the comnfittee respectfully recommend the following resolutions. 1. Resolved^ That the Institute will take action on the subject sub¬ mitted to it by the Department of State. 2. Resolved, That the Institute do now proceed to constitute a com¬ mittee suitable to be recognized by the Government as a central body to hold correspondence with the British Commissioners, and to secure the reception of American productions at the proposed Industrial Exhibition in London. PETER FORCE, 1 JOSEPH HENRY, \ WALTER R. JOHNSON, [.Committee. J. J. GREENHOUGH, I CHARLES WILKES. J These resolutions, together with others relating to the same subject, were adopted by the Institute, and the result communicated to the Secre¬ tary of State by the corresponding Secretary in the following letter: National Institute, WashingioTij May 27th, 1850. Sir : I have the honor to make known to the Department of State the action which this Institute has taken on the subject of your communica¬ tion of the 17th instant. That action is comprised in the following re¬ solutions, unanimously adopted after full discussion at the meeting held this evening. Resolved^ That the Institute will take action on the subject submit¬ ted to it by the Department of State. Resolved, That the Institute do now proceed to constitute a commit¬ tee suitable to be recognized by the Government to hold correspondence 6 with the British Commissioners, and to secure the reception of American productions at the proposed Industrial Exhibition in London. “ Resolved, That a committee of not less than nineteen be appointed to constitute a Central Committee on the Industrial Exhibition, and to correspond ^with societies and local committees throughout the United States. ‘‘ Resolved, That the President of this Institute be a member of the Central Committee. Resolved^ That the Corresponding Secretary communicate to the Secretary of State a copy of the foregoing resolutions, together with the names of the Central Committee.’’ The following are the names of the members of the Central Commit¬ tee appointed in accordance with the foregoing resolutions: / Hon. Millard Fillmore, Vice President of the United States, and ex officio Chancelldr of the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Col. Peter Force, President of the National Institute. Hon. James A, Pearce, Untted States Senate, member of the board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, Hon. Levi Woodbury, Member of the National Institute, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Commodore Lewis Warrington, United States Navy, Member of the National Institute, Chief of the Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography. Prof Joseph Henry, Vice President of the National Institute, Secre¬ tary of the Smithsonian Institution. Prof Walter R. Johnson, Corresponding Secretary of the National Institute. Prof Alexander D. Bache, Member of the National Institute, Mem¬ ber of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, and Super¬ intendent of the Coast Survey. Commander Charles Wilkes, United States Navy, Member of the National Institute, late Commander U. S. Exploring Expedition. Hon. William W. Seaton, Member of the National Institute, Mayor of Washington. Hon. Jefferson Davis, United States Senate, Member of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Lieut. Mathew F. Maury, United States Navy, Vice President of the National Institute, and Superintendent of the National Observatory. J. James Greenough, Esq., Member of the National Institute. Charles F. Stansbury, Esq., Recording Secretary of the National Institute. 7 Col. J. J. Abert, Member of the National Institute, Chief of the Topo¬ graphical Bureau. Gen. Joseph G. Totten, Vice President of the National Institute, Chiel Engineer of the United States Army. Thomas Ewbank, Esq., Commissioner of Patents. William Easby, Esq., Treasurer National Institute.. Leonard D. Gale, M. D., Member of the National Institute, Examiner of Patents. ^ Joseph C. G. Kennedy, Esq., Member of the National Institute, Super¬ intendent of Census. Ezra C. Seaman, Esq., Member of the National Institute. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, WALTER R. JOHNSON, Cor. Secretary of the National Institute. Hon. John M. Clayton, Secretary of State. Department of State. Washington, June 8. 1850. Sir; I have duly received your letter of the 27th ultimo, communica¬ ting to this Department the proceedings of the National Institute on the subject of my note of the 17th of the same month. Those proceedings appear to me to be perfectly satisfactory; and I have accordingly trans¬ mitted them to the British Minister in this city, with the communication a copy of which is enclosed for your information. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient s6rvant. JOHN M. CLAYTON. Walter R. Johnson, Esq., Corresponding Secretary of the National Institute. Department of State, Washington, June 1, 1850. Sir ; I have the honor to transmit to you herewith a copy of the cor¬ respondence which has passed between this Department and the National Institute for the Promotion of Science, respecting the organization of a committee to constitute the central authority required by the regulations of the Royal Commission on the proposed Industrial Exhibition, to cor¬ respond with them in London, and with societies, local committees, and individuals in this country, and to sanction the forwarding of articles ap¬ plicable to the exhibition. I need hardly say to you, sir, that the proceedings of the National Institute, as set forth in this correspondence, meet the approbation of the 8 Department, which has full confidence in the committee named by that Institute. I avail myself of this opportunity to renew to you the assurance of my high and distinguished consideration. JOHN M. CLAYTON. Right Honorable Sir H. L. Bulwer, &c. Extract from the Circular of the Royal Commissioners. “ The Commissioners have felt that it would be desirable, as far as pos¬ sible, to prevent any persons from sending hither articles which cannot be admitted, rather than to reject the articles after their arrival in Lon¬ don. They feel also that the delicate and responsible task of deciding on the admission or rejection of articles destined for exhibition by foreign contributors ought not to be imposed upon any English tribunal, but should be referred to one having the confidence of the exhibitors themselves, and standing entirely free from possible imputations of national partiality. They accordingly propose to admit to exhibition such foreign articles only as may be forwarded to them by the Central Authority (whatever may be its nature,) in each country. They will communicate to such Central Authority the amount of space which can be allowed to the productions of the country for which it acts, and will also state the conditions and limitations which may from time to time be decided on with respect to the admission of articles. All articles forwarded by such Central Authority will then be admitted, provided they do not require a greater aggregate amount of space than that assigned to the productions of the country from which they come; and, provided, also, that they do not violate the conditions and limitations of which due notice shall have been given. It will rest with the Central Authority in each country to decide upon the merits of the several articles presented for exhibition, and to take care that those which are sent are such as fairly represent the industry of their fellow countrymen. “ Her Majesty’s Commissioners will consider that to be the Central Authority in each case which is stated to he so by the government of its country. Having once been put in communication with a Central Au. thority in any country, they must decline, ahsolwtely and entirely^ any communication with private and unauthorized individuals; and, should any such be addressed to them, they can only refer it to the central body. This decision is essentially necessary in order to prevent confusion. “ No articles of foreign manufacture, to whomsoever they may belong, or wheresoever they may be, can be admitted for exhibition unless they come with the sanction of the Central Authority of the country of which 0 they are the produce. The Commissioners do not insist upon such arti¬ cles being in all cases actually forwarded by the Central Authority, though they consider that this would generally be the most satisfactory arrange¬ ment; but it is indispensable that the sanction of such authority should in all cases be expressly given, and that it be held responsible for the fit¬ ness of such articles for exhibition, and for not authorizing the exhibition of a greater quantity than can be accommodated in the space assigned to the productions of the country in question.” A full discussion was then had of_the subject thus laid before the committee, and, on motion of the Hon. W. W. Seaton, it was Resolved, That the committee of five first charged with this subject by the Institute (substituting Mr. Kennedy for Mr. Greenough, who is absent) be an Executive Committee to take all necessary steps to carry out the views of the general committee. The following gentlemen constitute the Executive Committee : Col- Peter Force, Prof. Walter R. Johnson, Prof. Joseph Henry, J. C. G. Kennedy, Esq., Capt. Charles Wilkes. On motion, Resolved^ That the Secretary be requested to prepare the proceedings of this meeting for publication. And the Committee adjourned. CHAS. F. STANSBURY, Secretary of the Meeting. CORRESPONDENCE. SIR. H. L. BULWER TO HON. J. M. CLAYTON. British Legation, Washington, March 9, 1850. Sir: I have the honor to transmit to you herewith a' copy of a com¬ mission which her Majesty, the Oueen, has been pleased to issue, for the purpose of promoting an exhibition in England for the works of industry of all nations. I enclose also a copy of a letter which has been addressed to the For¬ eign Office by the Board of Trade, describing the nature of the proposed exhibition, and stating, with regard to those foreign countries from whence articles are likely to be sent for exhibition, that the Commissioners are anxious to be placed in communication with such persons or bodies wha may be authorized to act on behalf of those persons who wish to^ become exhibitors. It is proposed that the exhibition in question shall take place in London in the early part of the year 1851, and I have been instructed to express 2 10 to you the eonriction, on the part of her Majesty’s Government, that United States Government will be well disposed to promote the success of this undertaking, and to request that you will kindly enable me to comply with the wish expressed by the Board of Trade on the part of the Commis¬ sioners. I avail myself of this opportunity to renew to you the assurance of my highest consideration. H. L. BULWER, Honorable J. M. Clayton, &c> COMMISSION OF THE QUEEN, Whitehall, January 3,1850. The Queen has been pleased to issue the following commission for the promotion of the exhibition of the works of industry of all nations, to be holden in the year 1851, videlicet: VICTORIA, K Victoria, by the grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Queen, Defender of the Faith; to our most dearly beloved consort, His Royal Highness Francis Albert Augustus Charles* Emanuel Duke of Saxony, Prince of Saxe Coburg and Gotha, knight of our most noble order of the garter, and field marshal in our army ; our right trusty and right entirely beloved cousin and councillor, Walter Francis Duke of Buecleuch and Queensberry,knight of our most noble order of the garter ; &c., &c., Ac., greeting: Whereas the Society for the Promotion of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, incorporated by our royal charter, of which our most dearly beloved consort, the Prince Albert, is president, have of late years insti¬ tuted annual exhibitions of the works of British art and industry, and have proposed to establish an enlarged exhibition of the works of indus¬ try of all nations,'to be holden in London in the year one thousand eight hun¬ dred and fifty one, at which prizes and medals, to the value of at least twenty thousand pounds sterling, shall be awarded to the exhibitors of the most meritorious works then brought forward; and have invested in the names of our right trusty and entirely beloved cousin Bpencer Joshua Alwyne, Marquess of Northampton^ our right trusty and right well beloved cousin and councillor George William Frederick, earl of Clarendon, knight of our most noble order of the garter; our trusty and well-beloved Sir John Peter Boileau, baronet, and James Courthope Pcache, esq,, the sum of twenty thousand pounds to be awarded irk prizes and medals as aforesaid; / ,n jand have appointed our trusty and well-beloved Arthur Kelt Barclay, •esquire, William Cotton, esquire, Sir John William Lubbock, baronet* Samuel Morton Peto, esquire, and Baron Lionel De Rothschild, to be the treasurers for all receipts arising from donations, subscriptions, or any other source, on behalf of, or towards the said exhibition; our trusty and well-beloved Peter le Neve Foster, Joseph Payne, and Thomas Wink- worth, esquires, to be the treasurers for payment of all executive expenses; and our trusty and well-beloved Henry Cole, Charles Wentworth Dilke» the younger, George Drew, Francis Fuller, and Robert Stephenson, esqs.^ with our trusty and well-beloved Matthew Digby Wyatt, esquire, as their secretary, to be an executive committee for carrying the said exhibition into effect, under the direction of our most dearly beloved consort. And whereas the said Society for the promotion of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce have represented unto us, that, in carrying out the objects proposed by the said exhibition, many questions may arise regarding the in¬ troduction of productions into our kingdom from our colonies and from foreign countries; also regarding the site for the said exhibition, and the best mode of conducting the said exhibition; likewise regarding the de¬ termination of the nature of the prizes, and the means of securing the most impartial distribution of them; and have also besought us that we would be graciously pleased to give our sanction to this undertaking, in order that it may have the confidence, not only of all classes of our sub¬ jects, but of the subjects of foreign countries : Now, know ye, that we, considering the premises, and earnestly desir- ing to promote the proposed exhibition, which is calculated to be of great benefit to arts, agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and reposing great trust and confidence in your fidelity, discretion, and integrity, have authorized and appcynted, and by these presents do authorize and appoint you our most dearly beloved consort Francis Albert Augustus Charles Emanuel, Duke of Saxony, Prince of Saxe Coburg and Gotha; you Walter Francis, Duke of Buccleuch and Glueensberry; &c., &c., to make full and diligent inquiry into the best mode by which the productions of our colo¬ nies, and of foreign countries may be introduced into our kingdom; as respects the most suitable site for the said exhibition; the general conduct of the said exhibition; and also into the best mode of determining the nature of the prizes, and of securing the most impartial distribution of them. And to the end that our royal will and pleasure in the said inquiry may be duly prosecuted, and with expedition, we further, and by these preseats, will and command, and do hereby give full power and authority 12 to you, or any three or more of you, to nominate and appoint such seve¬ ral persons of ability, as you may think fit to be local commissioners, in such parts of our kingdom, and in foreign parts, as you may think fit, to aid you in the premises; which said local commissioners, or any of them, shall and may be removed by you, or any three or more of you, from time to time, at your will and pleasure, full power and authority be¬ ing hereby given to you, or any three or more of you, to appoint others in their places respectively: And furthermore, we do, by these presents, give and grant to you, or any three or more of you, full power and authority to call before you, or any three or more of you, all such persons as you shall judge necessary by whom you may be the better informed of the truth of the premises, and to inquire of the premises, and every part thereof, by all lawful ways and means whatsoever. And our further will and pleasure is that, for the purpose of aiding you in the execution of these premises, we hereby appoint our trusty and well-beloved John Scott Russell and Stafford Henry Northcote, esquires, to be joint secretaries to this our commission. And for carrying into effect what you shall direct to be done in respect of the said exhibition, we hereby appoint the said Henry Cole, Charles Wentworth Dilke, the younger, George Drew, Francis Fuller and Rob¬ ert Stephenson, to be the executive committee in the premises, and the said Matthew Digby Wyatt to be secretary of the said executive committee. And our further will and pleasure is that you, or any three or more of you, when and so often as need or occasion shall require, so long as this our commission shall continue in force, do report to us, in writing, un¬ der your hands and seals respectively, all and every of the several proceed¬ ings of yourselves had by virtue of these presents, together with such other matters, if any, as may be deserving of our royal consideration touching or concerning the premises. And, lastly, we do by these presents ordain that this our commission shall continue in full force and virtue, and that you, our said commission¬ ers, or any three or more of you, shall and may, from time to time, and at any place or places, proceed in the execution thereof, and of every mat¬ ter and thing therein contained, although the same be not continued from time to time by adjournment. Given at our court at Saint James,’ the third day of January, 1850, in the thirteenth year of our reign. By her Majesty’s command. G. GREY. 13 •) ..-n Board of Trade, January 15, 1850. Sir : I am directed by the Commissioners appointed by her Majesty for the promotion of the Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Na¬ tions, to be holden in the year 1851, to request that you will move Vis¬ count Palmerston to communicate the fact of the appointment of the com¬ mission to all Foreign Powers at amity with her Majesty, and to acquaint them that the exhibition will take place in London in the early part of the year 1851, and that the commissioners are anxious to be put in commu¬ nication with such persons or bodies in each nation from which articles are likely to be sent for exhibition, as are considered likely to command the confidence of those who may become exhibiters. The commission¬ ers will have to consider many questions bearing upon the admission of foreign productions, and some of those questions will be of a nature that will make it necessary for them to ascertain the views entertained in dif¬ ferent countries before deciding upon them. They wish therefore to have a proper channel of communication with each country, and they request that Lord Palmerston will take such steps as he may think proper for supplying this necessity. The exhibition will be divided into four sections': 1. Raw materials and produce illustrative of the natural productions on which human industry is employed. 2. Machinery, for agricultural, manufacturing, engineering and other purposes, and mechanical inventions, illustrative of the agents which hu¬ man ingenuity brings to bear upon the productions of nature. 3. Manufactures, illustrative of the results produced by the operation of human industry upon natural productions. 4. Sculpture, models, and the plastic art generally, illustrative of the taste and skill displayed in such applications of human industry. The commissioners are engaged in endeavoring to ascertain the amount of space which will be required for the display of these articles, for which purpose they will of course require some kind of estimate of the quanti¬ ties of each which are likely to be sent from different countries. This will be one of the first points on which they will seek information when placed in communication with the proper parties. They will also have to make inquiries in order to guide them in determining what prizes should be given, for what articles, and under what conditions. This, too, is a matter which will involve the necessity of foreign correspondence. More¬ over they will need a channel for communicating to Foreign Countries / 14 the regulations they may from time to time adopt for the conduct of ths exhibition; such, for instance, as may relate to the exclusion of particular classes of articles on account of their size, the impossibility of preserving them, or other reasons, or to the time at vsrhich articles intended for exhi¬ bition must be sent, or to the terms on which they will be admitted. It is unnecessary to go more into detail upon the present occasion, as Lord Palmerston will perceive from what has been already said, that so soon as proper channels of correspondence have been opened, the commissioners will have many matters to which to draw the attention of the Foreign Countries which are likely to take an interest in the undertaking; and I am only to add, in conclusion, that it is of much Importance that no time should be lost in making these communications, as there are several points on which early information is particularly necessary for the commission¬ ers. I have the honor to be, sir, your most obd’t serv’t. STAFFORD H. NORTHCOTE. ‘ HON. J. M. CLAYTON TO SIR H. BULWER. Department op State, •s. Washington^ April 1850. Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your note of the 9ih ultimo, with the accompanying documents, relative to an exhibi¬ tion for the works of industry of all nations, which is proposed to be held in England in the early part of the next year. Citizens of this country, will, no doubt, be eager to show specimens of their ingenuity and skill upon the occasion referred to, and to compete for the prizes which the Commis- jnissioners are authorized to award. In the President’s opinion the pub¬ lication of the correspondence between this Department and yourself on the subject, will be the best means for making the American public ac¬ quainted with the purpose of the exhibition, and with the desire of the Commissioners to place themselves in communication with such persons in the United States as may be authorized to act on behalf of those who wish to become exhibitors. He has accordingly directed that correspon. dence to be published. I avail myself of this occasion, sir, to offer to you renewed assurances of my very distinguished consideration. JOHN M. CLAYTON. Right honorable Sir H. L. Bulwer. 15 CIRCULAR CONTAINING THE REGULATIONS OF THE COMMISSIONERS- Palace of Westminster, \Uh March^ 1850. Her Majesty’s Commissioners for the promotion of the Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations to be holden in London in the year 1851, after careful consideration of the arrangements to be made for the admission of the productions of foreign countries to the Exhibition, have directed the publication of the following statement for the information and guidance of Foreign Exhibitors. The Commissioners have already given notice that, however large may be the building that is to be erected, it is necessary that they should reserve to themselves ample powers of selection and rejection in respect of the articles which may be forwarded for exhibition. The necessity for making some provision for limiting the extent, and defining the char¬ acter, of the Exhibition, is too obvious to need any comment; but the mode in which the powers thus reserved should be exercised, particularly with reference to the productions of foreign countries, is a matter requir¬ ing very serious deliberation. The Commissioners have felt that it would be desirable, as far as possible, to prevent any persons from sending hither articles which can¬ not be admitted, rather than to reject the articles after their arrival in London. They feel also that the delicate and responsible task of decid¬ ing on the admission or rejection of articles destined for exhibition by . foreign contributors ought not to be imposed upon any English tribunal, but should be referred to one having the confidence of the Exhibitors themselves, and standing entirely free from possible imputations of na¬ tional partiality. They accordingly propose to admit to exhibition such foreign articles only as may be forwarded to them by the Central Author¬ ity (whatever may be its nature) in each country. They will commu¬ nicate to such Central Authority the amount of space which can be al¬ lowed to the productions of the country for which it acts, and will also state the conditions and limitations which may from time to time be de¬ cided on with respect to the admission of articles. All articles forward¬ ed by such Central Authority will then be admitted, provided they dp not require a greater aggregate amount of space than that assigned to the productions of the country from which they come; and, provided also, 16 that they do not violate the conditions and limitations of which due notice shall have been given. It will rest with the Central Authority in each country to decide upon the merits of the several articles presented for ex¬ hibition, and to take care that those which are sent are such as fairly re¬ present the industry of their fellow countrymen. Her Majesty’s Commissioners will consider that to be the Central Authority in each case, which is stated to he so by the Government of its country. Having once been put in communication with a Central Au¬ thority in any country, they must decline, absolutely and entirely, any communication with private and unauthorized individuals; and should any such be addressed to them, they can only refer it to the central body. This decision is essentially necessary, in order to prevent confusion. No articles of foreign manufacture, to whomsoever they may belong, or wheresoever they may be, can be admitted for exhibition, unless they come with the sanction of the Central Authority of the country of which they are the produce. The Commissioners do not insist upon such arti¬ cles being in all cases actually forwarded by the Central Authority, though they consider that this would generally be the most satisfactory arrangement; but it is indispensable that the sanction of such Authority should in all cases be expressly given, and that it be held responsible for the fitness of such articles for exhibition, and for not authorizing the ex¬ hibition of a greater quantity than can be accommodated in the space as¬ signed to the productions of the county in question. With regard to the amount of space that can be given, the Commis¬ sioners propose at once to communicate with each foreign country. It must be obvious that the difficulty of fixing the amount in each case is extreme, as the Commissioners have to consider, not only the extent and population of each country, but the nature of the articles it produces, the quantities it is likely to send; which of course involves, among other considerations, the question ofjproximity and of the facilities for trans¬ mission to England. The productions sent will in some cases be bulky, and will require a larger amount of space than the produce likely to come from other countries, though the latter may be much the more val¬ uable. It thus becomes impossible, in the absence of information from each country, to lay down rules which shall not be open to objection^ At the same time, the Commissioners feel that it is better at once to give a definite and tangible shape to their proceedings by laying down some¬ thing in the nature of a rule, however arbitrary, than to postpone the at¬ tempt till they are in possession of information which cannot be collected for a very long time. They have therefore resolved that they will allot one-half of the total amount of space at their command to the productiona 17 of Great Britain and ber colonies, and will divide the remaining half among the other nations of the world; communicating to each country the space they propose to set aside for its productions, and requesting information as to the mode in which it is proposed that such space should be filled. In case the Central Authority in any country should be of opinion that the space allotted to the productions of that country is greater than it will require, the Commissioners have to request that this opinion may be communicated to them, as it is obvious that it would not appear well if a large vacant space should be left in the department assigned to any country. If, on the other hand, any country require more than the space proposed, this also should be stated, as it may. be in the power of the Commissioners to give additional room, in the event of having re¬ ceived notifications from other countries that a portion of the space as¬ signed to them will not be occupied. The Commissioners have had under their serious consideration the question whether it would be desirable to mark off particular spaces, and assign them to particular countries, allowing each to arrange the whole of its productions within those limits; but they adhere to the conclusion which they have already announced, that this course will not be desira¬ ble, and that it will be necessary that the productions of all nations should be exhibited together, according to the classification of objects which the Commissioners have made, with a subordinate classification as to nations in each section. They consider that the effect which the Exhibition is intended to produce—of showing, at one view, the points which human industry and ingenuity have reached in the arts of civilized life—would be materially diminished if the results of the industry of different nations in each department were scattered over a large space instead of being conveniently brought together. The visiter would receive a very inade¬ quate notion of the perfection to which particular manufactures can be carried from an inspection of those of one nation only: and in a building of such extent it would be out of his power to go from a particular sec¬ tion in one exhibition to the corresponding sections in all the other na¬ tional exhibitions, and to compare them all. Again, unless the produc¬ tions of all nations are exhibited together, it will be difficult, if not im¬ possible, to award the palm of superiority. Different parts of the exhi¬ bition will be visited on different days, and the impressions made on one day by the manufactures of one country, will be effaced the next day by the corresponding manufactures of another. In the adjudication of prizes also such arrangements would|Cause much difficulty. Another objection may also be mentioned, namely, the danger there would be of imputed unfairness and favoritism in the places assigned to different nations. 3 16 The several articles which will be exhibited will require great diversity of accommodation, as respects space, light, and other particulars; and were the space set apart for one nation inferior in any of these respects to the space set apart for any other nation, there would be ground for complaint; whereas if all articles of the same nature are exhibited to- gether, all will share these advantages alike, and each article will be placed in that part of the building which is best adapted for the reception of goods of that description. The Commissioners]must therefore reserve to themselves the unfettered right of arranging all goods that may be sent in such manner as they may think proper. They will endeavor, in the case of articles the nature of which admits of their so doing, to arrange each section with som e reference to the nationality of the productions ex» hibited in it, and will not intermix the productions of one country with those of another, in cases where the objects of the exhibition can be at¬ tained without their doing so. Whatever may be their arrangements, however, they undertake to find places for all articles sent by each coun¬ try which could, if placed together, be exhibited in the aggregate space alloted to that country, provided only that they be informed in suffi¬ cient lime what proportion of that space will be required for Raw ma¬ terials, what proportion for Machinery, what proportion for Manufactur¬ ed Articles, and what proportion for objects of Fine Art. This informa¬ tion should be sent on or before the days which will be communicated to each country. The Commissioners annex a memorandum by the Commissioners of Customs, on the subjects of Custom House arrangements. A Statement will shortly be published on the subject of the Adjucation and Distribution of Prizes. It may, however, be desirable at once to state that, in all cases in which the competition is between Exhibitors of diffe¬ rent nations, the Prizes will be adjudged by mixed Juries of English and Foreigners. And a statement will also be published of the arrangements to be made for the protection of articles which may be exhibited, from piracy. J. SCOTT RUSSELL, STAFFORD H, NORTHCOTE, Secretaries, Arrangements made by the Board of Customs for the admission of For¬ eign and Colonial Productions^ for the purposes of the Exhibition of \?)^\^without cost. It is proposed that all works from Foreign Countries intended for ex¬ hibition, shall be imported into some one or other of the following 19 Ports :—London, Liverpool, Bristol, Hull, Newcastle, Dover, Folkestone, Southampton. That the packages, when unaccompanied by the proprietors, shall be addressed to agents, who will be appointed at each port by the Royal Commissioners to receive and take charge of all such packages, and whose names will he communicated to the Central Authorities in each country, and from among whom the several parties intending to send over articles for exhibition, may select the agent he proposes to employ. The agents will take all the needful steps for forwarding, under the directions of the Commissioners of the Customs, the packages unopened to London (where they are not imported direct into the port of London,) and for their delivery unopened at the building in which they are to be exhibited. In the case of packages imported into the port of London, the agent to whom they will be addressed will take charge of them on their ar¬ rival, and forward them unopened to the building for exhibition. To secure the arrival of all the packages unopened and unexamined at the place of exhibition, they will be sealed at the port of landing, with the official seal of the Board of Customs, which will afford a guar¬ antee at the same time to the party and to the revenue. The whole of the goods will be admitted, in the first instance, without payment of any duty; and if they are not disposed of in England, they will be delivered up for re-exportation, free of all charge for duty. If, however, they shall be disposed of in England, the duty chargeable thereon must in that case be paid before they are removed from the place of exhibition, but they cannot be removed until the Exhibition is finally closed. When the packages have been duly deposited in the building in which they are to be exhibited, they will be opened and examined in the pres¬ ence of the Proprietor, or of the Agent in his behalf, and will then be in custody of the Commission, without whose authority they cannot be removed from the Exhibition. All goods which are forwarded to England will remain deposited in charge of the Customs, until claimed by an agent of the party sending them, who will have to establish his right to remove them to the build- by producing the bill of lading, and the certificate given to the exhibitor by the Central Authorities in each country, that such goods are intended for exposition. ARRANGEMENTS OF THE EXHIBITION. Her Majesty’s Commissioners for the Promotion of the Exhibi¬ tion OF THE Works of Industry of all Nations, to be holden in 1851, having had the various subjects of their inquiry under their anx- ous consideration, are now prepared to state, for the information of the public, the progress they have made in determining on the different points referred to in their announcement of the lllh January last. The decisions they have been able to come to have been necessarily limited by their present want of knowledge as to what pecuniary means will be placed at their disposal; and the shortness of the time, during which this vast organization will have to be completed renders it impera¬ tive upon the Commissioners to make an earnest appeal to the country, to enable them as soon as possible, to know upon what amount of sub* scription they may ultimately rely. The scale upon which this important undertaking will be conducted^ must depend entirely on the amount of pecuniary support which it shall receive from the public. Her Majesty’s Commissioners appeal with con. fidence to all classes of the community, to enable them to make such lib¬ eral arrangemets as will ensure the success of this undertaking, in a man¬ ner worthy of the character and position of this country, and of the in¬ vitation which has been given to the other nations of the world to compete with us in a spirit of generous and friendly emulation. The Commissioners have fixed upon the 1st day of May, 1851, for opening the Exhibition. The Commissioners will be prepared to receive and take care of, at the expense of the Commissioners, all articles which may be sent to them, and delivered at a place to be named by the Commissioners in London, on or after the 1st of January, 1851, and will continue so to receive goods until the 1st of March inclusive; after which day no further goods will be received. Her Majesty has been graciously pleased to grant a site for this pur¬ pose on the south side of Hyde Park, lying between the Kensington Ride and the Ride commonly called Rotten Row. 21 From the approximate estimate which the Commissioners have been able to make, they believe the Building ought to cover a space of from 16 to 20 Acres, or about One Million of Square Feet. The Productions of all Nations will be exhibited together, under one General Classification. The Articles exhibited will be divided into Four Sections, as before an¬ nounced, and a Classified List, together with general instructions aflfecting each Department, are appended. Her Majesty’s Commissioners wish to express their grateful sense of the valuable assistance which they have re¬ ceived in drawing up that List from the Members of the Sectional Com¬ mittees. The Building will be provided to the Exhibitors free from rent, and will be fire proof. Exhibitors will be required to deliver their objects, at their own charge and risk, at the Building in the Park; but no charges of any kind will be made whilst they remain there. Colonial and Foreign productions will be admitted without paying duty, for the purposes of exhibition, but not for internal consumption. Her Majesty’s Commissioners of Customs will Consider all such articles as Bonded Goods; and her Majesty’s Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851 will make suitable arrangements for their reception. Her Majesty’s Commissioners are desirous that there should be complete local organization, and that the Local Committees, wherever formed, should themselves collect the Subscriptions within their own districts. The Lo¬ cal Committees should advertise all subscriptions they receive, and defray all local expenses, paying such commission for collection as they may think necessary. Her Majesty’s Commissioners think that the same complete system of organization should be extended as much as possible to the British Colo, nies. Subscriptions should be paid to the Treasurers of Local Committees, and by them transferred to the General Fund at the Bank of England, in the names of A. K. Barclay, Esq., W. Cotton, Esq., Sir J. W. Lub¬ bock, Bart., S. M. Peto, Esq., M. P., and Baron Lionel de Rothschild, M. P. Her Majesty’s Commissioners having undertaken the absolute control over the expenditure of all money that may come into the hands of their Treasurers, have made arrangements for auditing accounts, and ensuring the strictest economy. Her Majesty’s Commissioners hope that the funds to be placed at their disposal by voluntary contributions may be such as to enable them so to 22 regulate the amount to be paid for entrance, that all classes may be enabled to visit the Exhibition. Should any surplus remain, after giving every facility to the Exhibitors and increasing the privileges of the Public as spectators, her Majesty’s Commissioners intend to apply the same to purposes strictly in connexion with the ends of the Exhibition, or for the establishment of similar Ex¬ hibitions for the future. However large the Building may be—the quantity of articles sent for Exhibition may exceed any amount of space that can be provided ;—Her Majesty’s Commissioners consequently reserve to themselves ample pow¬ ers of rejection and selection. Upon the amount subscribed must neces¬ sarily depend the space which they may be enabled to allot; but under all circumstances they will have to exercise a certain discretion. Her Majesty’s Commissioners also desire that the Local Committees will, as early as possible, procure an inventory or general specification of articles proposed to be exhibited from their Districts, and of the space which will be required for their exhibition, in order to enable the Com¬ missioners to determine as soon as possible the extent and the proportions of the building. Her Majesty’s Commissioners are in communication with the Foreign Office, concerning the means of informing Foreign Governments of the arrangements making for the Exhibition. Her Majesty’s Commissioners are considering the principles upon which the Prize Fund of £20,000 shall be appropriated, and the best mode of adjudication. If there be any points upon which Local Committees may require in¬ formation, and will address themselves to the Secretaries of the Commis¬ sion, her Majesty’s Commissioners will be happy to afford it to them i so far as it may be in their power. (Signed) J. SCOTT RUSSELL. STAFFORD H. NORTHOTE. At the new Palace of Westminster, 21s^ of Februaryt 1850. CLASSIFIED LISTS OF OBJECTS. Which may be admitted to the Fxhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations^ to be opened in London^ \st May^ 1851. Section I. Raw Materials and Produce—illustrative of the natural productions on which human industry is employed. \ 23 Section II. Machinery for Agricultural, Manufacturing, Engineering and other purposes, and Mechanical Inventions—illus¬ trative of the agents which human ingenuity brings to bear upon the products of nature. Section IIL Manufactures—illustrative of the result produced by the operations of human industry upon natural produce. Section IV. Sculpture, Models, and the Plastic Art generally,—illus¬ trative of the taste and skill displayed in such applica¬ tions of human industry This Division of the Objects for exhibition into Four Sections will be generally preserved. Articles belonging to one Section may, however be admitted to another, where they may be considered necessary,—but in such cases for illustration only. Section I .—Raio Materials and Produce. Under Raw Materials in this Section are to be included all the pro¬ ducts of the Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal Kingdoms, either in an en¬ tirely Raw State, or in any Stage of Preparation, previous to arriving at the state of a Finished Manufacture (as in Section III.) They are clas¬ sified according to their uses to man, in their original state, and in their Chemical and Mechanical transformations. V. S •S (A.) Mineral Kingdom. /(a.) Ores and Modes of Dressing. — Native Metals, or Metallic Ores,—th® Modes of Dressing, such as crushing, stamping, jigging, huddling, or oth¬ erwise rendering them Merchantable ; as in the cases of Antimony, Arsenic, Bismuth, Cadmium, Cobalt, Copper, Gold, Iron, Lead, Mercury, Nickel, Palladium, Platinum, Silver, Tin, Zinc, &c., &c. (6.) Metallurgical Processes. —The various Methods of Roasting and Smelting the Ores, so as to illustrate Processes. Fluxes, Slags, and other Materials which may serve the purposes of illustration. The various Pro¬ cesses used in adapting Metals for particular purposes, as for making Iron into Cast-iron, Malleable Iron, and Steel, &c., &c. (c.) Alloys —Bronzes of various kinds, such as Statuary, Gun, Bell, and Speculum Metal, Britannia Metal, Brass of different kinds, German Silver, Argentine, and other varieties of White Metal, Pewter, Type Metals, Sheathing Metal, Compounds of Metals with Phosphorus, and other Non- metallic bodies, &c., &c. (d.) Metals in process of adaptation to Finished Manufactures, —Rolled and Drawn in Sheets, Wires, &,c., and Cast in Pigs, Bars, &c.. Plated and \ Electro-typed Metals, &c. ( (A.) Chemical Substances Employed in Manufactures. (a.) Non-Metallic Substances. —Such as Carbon in its various states for the purposes of Fuel, Charcoal, Coke, Bituminous Coal, Anthracite, Li¬ gnite, Artificial Fuels, Products of distillation of Coals, Mineral Oils and Naptha, Phosphorus in its different states. Sulphur, as in the Manufacture of Sulphuric Acid, &c.. Muriatic Acid, Nitric Acid, Boracic Acid, &c,, &c. . Chemical Products. 24 CM h.) Alknlls, Earths, and their Compounds .—Such as Potash and its Sails, as Carbonate, Sulphate, and Chlorate of Potash; Nitre native and artifi¬ cial, the latter as made in Asia, France, Switzerland, Sweden, and as used for Gunpowder, &c.— Soda and its Salts, as Common Salt and its various modes of preparation. Nitrate of Soda, Borax, Soda Ash, and Carbonate of Soda native and as prepared either from Salt, Barilla, or Kelp, and as used for soap or glass-making, &c. ; Sulphute of Soda, &c. ;— Lime and its Compounds, as Limestone, Chalk, Marbles, Mortars, and Hydraulic Limestone, Cements, Materials for Frescoes, Plaster of Paris, Gypsum, Alabaster, Bleaching Powder, &,c. ;— Magnesia, and the materials for preparing it and its Salts ;— Barytes, as Sulphate of Barytes ; Strontia for coloured fires, ^c. ;— Alumina, as Alum Slate, Alum Sulphate of Alu¬ mina, &c. (c.) Metals Proper, and their Compounds —Such as Iron and its Salts, Iron Pyrites for Green Vitriol, Colcolhar, Ochre, V^enitian Red, or as used for calico-printing and dyeing. Sulphate of Iron as used for making Sul¬ phuric Acid, &,c. ;— Copper, as Acetate and Sulphate of Copper, as used for colours and dyeing, tor Electiopying, &c.. Verdigris, Scheeles Green, Verditer, Carbonate of Copper, &c.;— Zinc and its Salts, Zinc Paint, &c; —Tin and its Compounds, as Salts of Tin, Stannates, Oxymuriate, &c.; _ Lead, as White Lead, Acetate and Nitrate of Lead, Naples Yeiiow, &.C.; _ Chromium, as Chrome Ore, Chromates of Potash, Yellow and Orange Chromate of Lead, Oxide of Chromium for colours, as for glass, pottery, ;— Arsenic, as Scheeles Green, Orpiment Realgar, &c. ;— Antimony, as Sulphurate of Antimony for percussion powder, lucifer-matches, &c.; — Bismuth, as pearl white, (fee. ;— Cohalt, as Oxide of Cobalt for pottery colors. Smalt blue, &c.;— Nickel, for glass-staining, &c. ;— Tungsten, a.B the Yellow Oxides, Tungstates, for dyeing, &c. ;— Mercury, as for philo¬ sophical instruments, silvering mirrors, &c. ;— Gold, Alantinum, Silver, and other noble metals, their preparptions for electrotyping, giving of me* tallic lustres, «&c., &c. (d.) Mixed Chemical Manufactures —Such as Soap, Prussiate of Potash and Prussian Blue, Ultramarine, &,c., &c., (B.) Chemical Substances used in Medicines. (a.) Non-Metallic Substances —As Iodine, Bromine, Chlorine, Sulphur, Phosphorus, Charcoal, and their compounds, &c. (5.) Alkalis, Earths, and their Compounds —As Carbonates, Chlorides, Sulphates, Nitrates, Phospates, &c., and other compounds of Potash, Soda, Lime, and Magnesia, &c., &c. (c.) Metallic Preparations —As Calomel, Corrosive Sublimate, Red Oxide, and Bisulphuret of Mercury, and other compounds. Salts of Silver, Copper Iron, Antimony, Zinc, &c., & i mills, other Engines for generating Power, &c. 27 ( Aa Toothed Wheels, Link-work, Belts, Couplings, contri¬ vances for modifying motion, for reversing and stopping, and for the government and self-action of Machinery, &,c. Specimens of perfection in workmanship—such as straight edges, flat surfaces, screws, spheres, &,c. J. Jdaehinea for Rai. sing and Mo¬ ving Bodies, 'Raising Water and other Liquids —As Pumps, Fire-En¬ gines, Hydraulic Rams, &,c. Raising and Moving Weights, and Producing Pressure— Such as Crabs, Cranes, Travellers, Screw Jacks, Hydrau¬ lic Presses, Pile Drivers, &c. Carriages and Vehicles. Machinery of the Railway System. .Naval Mechanism, and Naval Architecture. 'As Weighing Machines of all kinds. Apparatus for the Measurement of Length and Capacity, for the Registra- 4. Machines for tion of Natural Phenomena, and of the results and opera- . Weighings Mearur- tions of other Machinery—as Tide Gauges, Anemometers, «Bg‘, Although in arranging this class for exhibition, it will generally be found advi¬ sable to separate the Products from the Producing Mechanism ; yet the latter should always be accompanied with sufficient specimens of the Raw Material, in its several stages of manufacture, and of the finished product, to make the operation of the Machinery intelligible. The complete series of tools and machinery that belongs to the manufacture of any object of common use, such as a watch, a button, or a needle, accompanied by specimens of the object and its parts, in their various stages of progress, is so in¬ structive and interesting, that it is very desirable to obtain several such series for the proposed Exhibition. 31 Section [3.]—Manufactures. Manufactures to be exhibited in this Section must be in their Finished state, as fit for use. Designs for Manufactures will be exhibited in the Section of Manufactures. All Articles to be admitted in this Section must exhibit one or more of the following qualifications:— 1. Increased usefulness, such as permanency in dyes; improved forms and arrangements in articles of utility, &.c. 2. Superior skill in Workmanship, as in block-printing, chasing, &,c. 3. ]\ew use of known Materials. • 4. Use of New Materials. 5. New Combinations of Materials, as in Metal and Pottery. 6. Beauty of Design, in form, or color, or both, with reference to Utility. 7. Cheapness, relatively to excellence of Production. Section 4.—Sculpture, Models, and the Plastic Art. Objects formed in any kind of material, if they exhibit such a degree of taste and skill as to come under the denomination of Fine Art, may be admitted into this Section. The Specimens exhibited shall be works of Living Artists. Oil Paintings and Water-Color Paintings, Drawings, and Engravings, are not to be admitted, except as illustrations or examples of materials and processes ; and Portrait Busts are not to be admitted. FOREIGN AND COLONIAL PRODUCTIONS. Arrangements made hy the Board of Customs to admit Foreign and Colonial Productions for the purposes of the Exhibition of 1851. 1st. That all Works intended for the Exhibition should, in the first instance, be ad¬ mitted into this counrry without payment of duty ; that the Goods should not bo subject to examination at the Waterside, but conveyed to the place of Exhibition, at the expense of the Importer, under charge of proper officers of the Customs, * to be there opened by the Importer or his Agent, and examined in the presence of the proper Officer of the Customs, in order to assess the amount of duty which - would become payable thereon if sold in this country, and such marks attached thereto as may be considered necessary to maintain the identity of the Goods. 2nd. That the Goods brought for Exhibition should be considered as warehoused, under the Warehousing Regulations, in the premises appointed for the Exhibi¬ tion ; and that security be given in each case for the due re-exportation of the Goods, or payment of the duty at the close of the Exhibition ;—and no Foreign Goods liable to duty to be on any account removed from the premises until the termination of the Exhibition ; and then only on payment of the duty, or for re¬ exportation . 3rd. That Goods intended for Exhibition should be imported into one of the follow¬ ing Ports; viz.— London,—Liverpool,—Bristol,—Hull,—Newcastle,—Dover, —Folkestone,— and Southampton ; and the Board of Customs to make such regulations, and ap¬ point such Officers of the Department for taking charge of the Goods at the place of Exhibition, in communication with the Commission for conducting the proceedings, as may be deemed essential for the security of the interests of the Revenue. CIRCULAR LETTER Addressed by the Central Committee to the Governors of the several States, Rooms of the National Institute, Washington, June 1850. To his Excellency the Governor of Sir' We have the honor to submit to you the accompanying papers, from which it will be seen that the undersigned have been appointed a Central Authority, through which alone, according to the regula¬ tions adopted by the Royal Commissioners, the productions of American art and industry can be recognized as entitled to admission at the Indus¬ trial Exhibition to be held at London, in May, 1851. Our object in addressing you, is to request that you will confer with Socities and individuals in the State of , and appoint a local committee, or committees, to correspond with us, and to select, from such articles as may be submitted by the citizens of your State, those most suitable for the Exhibition. By this means we shall better accom¬ plish the objects for which we are appointed, and your citizens be ena¬ bled to avail themselves of the advantages promised by the Exhibition. An early reply is solicited. Very respectfully. Your obedient servants, MILLARD FILLMORF, PETER FORCE, - JAMES A. PEARCE, LEVI WOODBURY, LEWIS WARRINGTON, JOSEPH HENRY, WALTER R. JOHNSON, ALEXANDER D. BACHE, ^ CHARLES WILKES, ' ,_WILLIAM W. SEATON, ' ' ' JEFFERSON'BAYIJ. MATHEW F. MAURY,’ —— J. JAMES GREENOUGH,l — CHARLES F. STANSBURY,--- J. J. ABERT, _ _ JOSEPH G. TOTTEN, - _^ THOMAS EWBANK, ^ WILLIAM EASBY, « _ LEONARD D. GALE, . - JOSEPH C. G. KENNEDY, EZRA C. SEAMAN, — ZS70-9i% s “I., ■ V §