LEAVES (Flat Treatment). PROTECTOR —for keeping the books clean ancT neat. One Penny. VERB FOSTER'S DRAWING COPY-BOOKS.— Elementary. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS. HE books forming this series were originally intended for self instruction at home, but they have been found so use- ful in schools that they have been put upon the List of Books recommended by H.M. Department of Science and Art, and are now in general use in schools both public and private, at home and abroad. Each number contains both examples and paper on which the copy is to be made, side by side. By this means the drawing can always be compared with the model, and a fair opinion formed of its merit. It is believed that any child who can learn to write could learn to draw, and that, as even a bad penman can, by the aid of good models, teach his pupils to write fairly, so a painstaking teacher, who has little or no knowledge of drawing, may, with the aid of good models, instruct his scholars in a similar degree; also, that many a scTiolar who will commence by carefully going through the Elementary Lessons of this Series, and proceed through the other parts according to his taste of subjects in the more advanced books, may, with the aid of the instructions therein contained, succeed in attaining considerable proficiency, even with- out the aid of a trained master. The examples contained in books Ai, A2, Bi, B2, Ci, and C2 of this Series consist of certain elementary forms of a geometrical character, exhibiting in their construction principles which are ad- mirably adapted to train the eye and hand, and give the pupil a proper idea how to plan and work out lessons of a more complex character, such as are contained in the more advanced lessons of this course. However simple and unimportant they may appear to the student, these elements are the basis on which his future knowledge must rest ; they should, therefore, be carefully studied and completely acquired, otherwise the future development of their principles will not be clearly comprehended. The order of instruc- tion is regularly progressive ; each model in the order given should be thoroughly mastered before the pupil attempts the next. If at first the student cannot accomplish the exercises to his satisfaction, he must not be discouraged, but recollect that, as his first attempts at writing were not equal to what he achieved when his hand was practised, so in drawing, carefulness and perseverance will render each succeeding copy easier than the last. The subjects in Ai and A2 are to be copied the size of the originals, those in Bi, B2, and Ci, C2, should be slightly enlarged or reduced. The dotted lines merely indicate the general form ; the round dots . point out the termination of the lines to be drawn by the pupil. "An outline, in drawing," has been described by an eminent sculptor as " a thin precise mark going round and exactly describing on a surface the shape of a figure. We speak of an outline of a solid ' object when we mean that form of line by which we would repre- ' sent its exact shape by a thin mark or marks on a flat surface, such as a board or paper." The value of an outline depends on its truth and precision. Above ! all things, therefore, the student should strive to use his eye, mind, and hand so as to be correct and precise in his drawing, both as to the form and the neatness with which it is executed. The first step is to acquire the power of drawing straight or curved lines, with some degree of precision, without the use of instruments, and by the hand alone. It will be evident, on a little consideration, that the best way to draw a straight line, will be to make a mark or dot where it is wished the line should begin, and another dot where it should end, it requires then only a little practice to draw evenly, by j the eye, a line between the two points. The preliminary lessons of I this course are well calculated to teach this principle, without i fatiguing the pupil by a useless repetition of parallel lines, so custo- [ mary in many drawing books. They practise the hand, and at the 1 same time cultivate the eye to an accurate knowledge of spaces and j distances, and will be found invaluable training as the pupil ad- vances to more intricate studies. It will be observed that, imme- diately beneath each example, in the space on which it is to be copied, the form is indicated by dotted lines upon which the firm lines of the copy are to be traced. This plan is adopted only in the earlier lessons, that the pupil may in the first instance attain some little proficiency in drawing a true straight line from one point to another before he trusts too much to his own eye. When he gets a little further advanced, he will require to construct the outer form and find the points of his lines for himself It will be seen that the proper size and shape of an outline depends on the proper position of a number of points. The first operation in marking the outline is, therefore, to fix truly the position and space the drawing is to occupy on the paper. Thoroughly examine these points to ascertain that they are exactly in the same relative position and distance as the points at the angles of the example; then draw light lines from point to point, adding any other lines that may be in the copy, and the outline will be complete. Again examine your drawing to see if it corresponds in all particulars with the copy. When satisfied as to its correctness, rub your drawing lightly with india-rubber until it is barely visible, then, with a pencil properly pointed, draw the lines clearly and firmly and of equal \For continuation see page 3 of Cover. W \TER Snake Weed. Poplar. Tere Foster's Drawing Eouk-s. — lil blackie 4 son, publishers. Convolvulus (1). Tere Foster's Drawing Books.^D 1. BLAOKIE i SON, PUBLISHERS. Oak, Vcre Foster's Drawing Boolcs.~D 1. blackie a son. publishers. Black Bryony. AiiUOW-iiEAD Leaf. Plane Tree. Bryony. Bindweed {Convoh-nlus amnm). Maple. Leap of Passiox Flower. Vere Foster's Drawing Books.— V) L blackie \ son, publishers. Flowee of Stitchwoet {badview). Flowee op Anemone. Vere Foster's Drawing Books — J) 1. BuAOKfE « son, publishers. Flower of Greater Periwinkle. Flower of Scarlet Poppy. Verr rnslcfs T)rmi'ii)(l Bnnks.— J) 1. plackie « son. publishers. VERB FOSTER'S DRAWING COPY-BOOKS.— ELEMENTARY—Contiiiucd. thickness. A little practice will be necessary before the student w ill be able to do this thoroughly and well, but the time spent in attaining this will be amply repaid by the facility he will have gained in drawing lines evenly and with precision. The same remarks refer to all the earlier lessons, and may be applied to the drawing of any object of a decided form. Book A2 consists of a series of most valuable lessons on Drawing as taught by the symmetrical forms of the Roman alphabet, and should be carefully gone through by every pupil, not only as a drawing practice, but also as an introduction to the study of No. lo of Vera Foster's Writing Series {Ornamental Lettering). The lessons of drawing capital letters, besides being good practice in straight and curve lines, will be found to possess much interest for children, and to be of great usefulness in every-day life. In the straight line objects, such as the simple forms of houses, &c., begin by drawing the base line, then mark off the proportions, and draw the form of the object before marking off the smaller parts, which should only be added after the general form is blocked out. In this way is a drawing built up which, at first sight, to a young student, is sometimes a puzzle and a mystery, where or how to begin. In drawing most of the " Familiar Objects," the principle of con- structing an angular form in which to block out the object may still be followed. First draw lightly a centre line, then mark the most prominent points in the shape, and join them by light lines forming an angular shape inclosing the form. It becomes then much easier to draw the true lines of the example in proper proportions to these guide lines (which are, of course, removed before "lining in") and to each other. The same principles which are applied to exact and symmetrical forms are equally applicable to the drawing of irregu- larly shaped objects in the more advanced lessons. We do not say that direction lines of this nature should invariably be used, but they will generally be found useful, if drawn lightly so as to be readily and cleanly rubbed out after they have served their purpose of guidance in fixing the form of the object to be drawn. Concluding Remarks— Practical Hints. Position of the body. — The student should sit square to the desk or table, which should be of sufficient height that he may sit nearly upright. The right hand should be supported by the wrist and little finger, and the pencil should be held much as a pen in writing, but rather more upright, and held freely but firmly between the thumb and the first and second fingers, the distance between the thumb and the point of the pencil being a little more than an inch. Position of the book. — The bottom of the book should be kept parallel with the front edge of the desk, and as far from it as the convenience of the pupil may require, to allow the free action of his right arm and hand. Pencils, India-rubber, &'e. — For the Elementary Studies, HB or F are mostly used, the latter for fine line work, and the former for clear decided black lines; for general use HB is to be preferred. The india-rubber should not be kept in the hand, as there will always be a certain amount of moisture which, adhering to the rubber, will render it unfit for use. Ink-eraser should not be used, as it roughens the paper. Always use a loose sheet of paper to put under the hand.^ Begin at the top and draw the upper portion of the left side first. You will at once see the practical reason of this when actually draw- ing, as, by beginning either at the bottom of the drawing, or at the right-hand side, your hand would cover up your work as you pro- ceeded, smearing it, and also giving you additional difficulty in drawing the two sides alike. In drawing ecjually balanced forms, do not draw all the left-hand side first and then all the right, but a piece, a curve or portion of the left side, and while that is still fresh in your mind, draw a line very faintly across, lo give you the correct height, and then proceed to draw the right side to match it. In the earlier lessons, it is of the utmost importance to form the habit of marking points before drawing the lines. Though this may seem arbitrary and tedious at first, it is the quickest road to freedom of hand, that is, the only freedom of hand that is valuable, the free- dom THAT EXISTS WITH PRECISION. For, if oncc the pupil gets into the habit of drawing a number of lines hap hazard, he will find it like all bad habits, very difficult to shake off. The quality of line is another very important matter which must be kept con- | stantly in mind if you wish to attain to excellence. Imitate closely i the evenness and firmness of each line as it is represented in the copy. Use as few lines as possible, and never draw two or three where one will suffice. When the sketching is satisfactory, clean your drawing well, and rub the lines almost out, then with sharp point and steady hand put a clear, clean line upon the whole of your work, either dotting or rubbing out any lines used in the con- struction. That is technically called "lining in." Finally. — The examples should be copied with the black lead pencil, not with ink. Rulers or instruments must on no account be used : it is merely a waste of time to do by mechanical means what is intended as an exercise to train the eye and hand ; and it maybe necessary to caution the pupil not to attempt subjects much in ad- vance of his capabilities ; such efforts generally end in failure and disappointment. He may be assured that to succeed in this art, as in all others, there is no royal road. BLACKIE AND SON : 49 AND 50 OLD BAILEY, LONDON ; GLASGOW, EDINBURGH, AND DUBLIN. P^' 6/6/39 VERE FOSTER'S DRAWING COPY-BOOKS have been adopted by The Department of Science and Art. South Kensington. London; and both WRITINQ and DRAWING COPY-BOOKS have been adopted by the Commissioners of National Education in Ireland, by the School Boards of Lortdon Birmingham, Li/erpool, Manchester, &c., and by the Department of Public Instruction of the City of New York. VERE FOSTER'S DRAWING COPY-BOOKS, I, 2. Iniuatory. [, 2. Domestic Objects— Simpli r, 2. Domestic Objects—Ad vai I, 2. Leaves. [, 2. Plants. G I, 2. Flowers. : to 4. Ornament. Superior Edition, Threepence each. J I. Oak and Fir. J 2. Beech and Elm. J 3. Oak, Chestnut, Birch, d 4. Larch, Poplar, &c. K I, 2, 3, 4. Landscape. M Ma O I. Birds and Quadrnpeds, O 2. Poultry, various breeds. O 3. British Small Birds. O 4. British Wild Animals. O 5. Horses (Arab, Hunter, Dray, &c.). Popular Edition, One Penny each. O 6. Horses (Racer, Trotter, Pony, Mule, &c.). O 7. Dogs (Seventeen Species'. O 8. Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, As Goats, &c. O 9. Cattle, Sheep, Lambs, &c. O 10. Foreign Wild Animals. Q I to 4. The Human Figure. R I, 2, 3. Practical Geometry. T I to" 4. Mechanical. Z Blank Exercise Book. VERE FOSTER'S ELEMENTARY WATER-COLOR DRAWING BOOKS. THREEPENCE EACH. suij'ects CkromograpJied Facsimile Draivi>igs, in simple effective style Book, with Instructions for Copying. WILD FLOWERS— By various Artists In Three Books-F i, F2, F3. GARDEN FLOWERS-By v In Three Books-H i, H ^ iArtists. LANDSCAPE-By J. Callow- L 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Introdhctorv Lesson IN MoNOCHRO.ME (Sepiaj from the Sin plest Wash to Finished Dravcing. VERE FOSTER'S ADVANCED WATER-COLOR DRAWING BOOKS. SIXPENCE EACH. - - ■- - --- Suijccts IK each Fciok, ANIMALS-Bj Harrison Weir- Books— Nos. I, 2, 3, 4- P.IARINE— By Edward Duncan- ! Books — Nos. I, 2, 3, 4. * In Four -In Four I FLOWERS (Second Series)— By Artists — In Four Books— Nos. i ILLUMINATING-Nos. WRITING CHARTS FOR CLASS TEACHING. A pair of Charts, showing the shapes and proportions Copy-Books. Size 25X20 inches. Price, in Sheets, 1/ 1 VERE FOSTER'S WRITING COPY-BOOKS. Palmerston Edition. Adapted to the recommendations of the Civil Scrricc Commissioners. ' II NUMBERS, PRICE THREEPENCE EACH. These books have been designed by Mr. Vere Foster, to carry out the prin- ciples of clear and legible handwriting, as laid down by the late Lord Palmer- ston FOR CIVIL SERVICE AND DIPLOMATIC CORRESPONDENCE, and alsO tO afford a simple, rapid, and elegant style of writing for the Education Depart- ment in Ireland. (i.) The quality of paper is superior to that of any copy-books in this country. (2.) The printing is done in the most finished manner from the original engraved copperplates. (3.) All the books are ruled in blue and red, giving to them an air of neatness and effect, and thereby encouraging the pupil to tidiness and carefulness. (4.) The selection of sentences has been most carefully made, Mr. Vere Fost having devoted many years to the production of this VERE FOSTER'S HAT INK-WELLS. These are made of stoneware, and are suitable for either school desk or private table. They have been adopted by the Commissioners of National Education in Ireland. 1 POYNTER'S SOUTH KENSINGTON DRAWING-BOOK. Authorised by the Committee of Council on Education. For this entirely new series of Drawing Copies the examples have been selec- ted by Mr. E. J. Poynter, R.A., Director of Art, South Kensington. Museum, for the most part from objects in the Museum. The Drawings have been made under Mr." I'oynter's superintendence by Pupils of the National Art Training School. He also examined and corrected each Drawing when in progress, and as far as possible rex ised them both before and after engra\ing. With fine cartridge paper for draiving on. Freehand, Elementary Two Books, 6d. each. Freeha First Grade Six Books, 6rf. each Second Grade, Four Books, is ach. FREEt THE SAME EXAMPLES ISSUED ON CARDS. Freehand, Elementary Four Packets, gr/. each. Freehand, First Grade, Six Packets, w. each. Freehand, Second Grade Four ^cket» ji. 6