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RULES OF PERSPECTIVE. 
 
 EXPLAINED, ILLUSTRATED, AND ADAPTED 
 TO PRACTICAL USE. 
 
 BY 
 
 M. M. RUNCIMAN. 
 
 WITH LETTER OF APPROVAL 
 
 FROM 
 
 PROFESSOR JOHN RUSKIN, M.A., HON. LL.D., &c. &c. 
 
 SECOND EDITION. 
 
 Irs probat arttficrm. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 WINSOR & NEWTON, Limited, 38, RATHBONE PLACE, W. 
 
Owing to the difficulties in binding , the Vanishing 
 and Station Points on the folding plates may not be 
 found accurately true; but the letterpress fully explains 
 all that is necessary. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Example. 
 
 1. —Directions for drawing a Cubical Box. 
 
 2. —A Cubical Box, in parallel perspective. 
 
 3. —Building, in perspective. 
 
 4. —Parallel perspective exemplified. 
 
 5. —Room, drawn in perspective. 
 
 6. —Steps, in perspective. 
 
 7. —Steps, reversed. 
 
 8. —Stairs, up and down, in parallel perspective. Rule for the 
 
 vanishing point of an inclined line. 
 
 9. —On Circles. 
 
 10. —Circles, continued. 
 
 11. —Bridge, with three semicircular Arches. 
 
 12. —Round Towers, in perspective. 
 
 13. —Round Tower, with Turrets. 
 
 14. —Circles, their use in deciding the size of the Lid of a Box. 
 
 15. —Giving the points for the thickness of the Lid of a Box. 
 
 16. —Floor Cloth, in alternate light and dark squares. 
 
 17. —Ditto. 
 
 18. —Door, drawn to fit the Doorway. 
 
LONDON: 
 
 Printed by Sheppard and St. John, 6, St. Bride Street, 
 Ludgate Circus, E.C. 
 
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Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2018 with funding from 
 Getty Research Institute 
 
 https://archive.org/details/rulesofperspectiOOrunc 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 It has always seemed to me that Perspective, to beginners, 
 is so difficult to understand, that the amateur either lays it 
 aside in despair, or, what is worse, tries to draw by eye 
 what was never correctly done but by rule. 
 
 I have therefore explained, and illustrated, as simply 
 as possible, the following Rules, taught by my father, 
 Charles Runciman, who was Mr. Ruskin’s first drawing 
 master. 
 
 They are all the artist will find necessary for interior, 
 or landscape drawing, to which Mr. Ruskin has kindly 
 affixed his Certificate of their rightness. 
 
 Mercy M. Runciman. 
 
 49, Acacia Road, 
 
 St. John’s Wood, N.W. 
 
«■ 
 
Example i.— DIRECTIONS FOR DRAWING A CUBICAL BOX. 
 
 Draw the nearest, or most important, perpendicular line. 
 
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In drawing an open door, it is necessary that it should be of such a size, that when closed 
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Example 18. 
 
door to the station point, and laying that distance on the horizontal line. Then draw from the 
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