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THE 
 
 PREFACE, 
 
 T hough a number of volumes have 
 been written- to acquaint us wlcli the 
 hiilory of ancient fables, and to expl;iin their 
 myllical meaning, matiy of which deferve the 
 efteem of the public; yet there feemed ftilt 
 wanting a treatife of this kind in the form of a 
 Didionary, that might be turned to without 
 trouble ; and, by being'comprifed in the^ompafs 
 of a fmall pocket volum'^", be always at hand to 
 explain the different paiTages that fo fre<]uently 
 occur in the perufal of the ancient Foers and 
 Hiftorians. This deficiency we have endeavoured 
 to fupply in the following (heets. How far we 
 have fucceeded in the attempt mufi be left to 
 the determination of thofe who are fldired in this 
 branch of learning; we can only fay, that we 
 have endeavoured to do well, and that we hope 
 our labours will not be ineffedual. 
 
 The fubjedl is indeed copious, and might have 
 made a very large volume ; but it has been our 
 bufinefs to comprehend the fubftance of the 
 whole in a narrow compafs, chiefly for the fer- 
 vice of thofe v;ho are delirous of underftanding^ 
 ^be writings of antiquity. This fmall di6lionar)r 
 B ' will 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 will likewife be of great ufe in fcbools, where 
 the Greek and Roman daffies are taught ; for it 
 will enable the fcholar to ur^derftand the purport 
 of his leffon, and thereby render his talk more 
 pleafant, and confequently lefs tedious. 
 
 The fources from whence our materials are 
 drawn, are all' the authors of antiquity, but - 
 chiefly the poets, who are by fome conlidered as 
 the fathers or inventors of fabulous biflories, 
 and of almofl all the Pagan fupeiftitions. Others, 
 however, are of opinion, that Ho7?icr^ Hejicd^ 
 Euripides^ Virgil^ O^id, and the reft of the poets, 
 have done no more than adopt the opinions 
 •relating to religion that were generally received 
 in the times in which they wrote their p>oems. 
 The hiftorians likewife have contributed their 
 fliare to this colledlion, as Herodotus, Dlo7iyJius of 
 Halle arnajjus, Paufanias, and Titus Lin^ms but 
 ©f thefe we are moll obliged to Paufamas, who 
 travelled all over Qrcecc^ and made curious ob« 
 fervations relating to the deities and temples. 
 
 It is not pretended that this is an original 
 performance ; for the beft: diftionaries, and fuch 
 other authorities have been confulted as were 
 moft likely to enable us to execute our contradled 
 plan, without leaving out any thing material to 
 the main dell gn. 
 
 By Mythology is to be underftood, not only 
 the explanation of the fabulous hiftory of the 
 Gods, Demi'Gods, and heroes of antiquity; 
 
 but 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 hnt everv thing that has any relation to the Pa- 
 gan religion ; all the different fyftems* of their 
 theogony ; their myfteries, ceremonies of wor- 
 fhij), oracles, auguries, lots, aufpices, preiages, 
 prodigies, expiation?, dedications, evocations, 
 and all kinds of divination, which were formerly 
 in ufe ; the fuperftitions, practices, and fundlions 
 of the priefts, the foothfayers, lioyls, and veftals ; 
 their games and feftivals; their vidims and fa- 
 crifices; their temples and altars; rheir tripods, 
 their if atues, their facred woods ; and, in general, 
 all the fy mbols by which idolatry was perpe- 
 tAJated for fo many ages. 
 
 This Mythology makes a conliderable part of 
 the Bf/ks I.ettresy for no great progrefs can be 
 made therein without a diffind knowledge of 
 ! the" ancient fables. The works of the Greeks 
 j and Romans, the underftanding of which is a 
 princy-)al part of the ffudy of men of letter‘d, 
 cannot be comprehended without a knowledge 
 of the myfteries and religious cufloms to W'hich 
 they are continually making alluiions : belides,. 
 it is from hence that the inoft polite arts of 
 poetry, painting, and Iculpture, derive their 
 principal ornaments, as is mofl evident from the 
 pidures and ftarues of ail the befi European 
 mailers. To this we may add, that Mythology 
 ifi fo often mentioned in our modern writings, 
 and even in common converfarion, that he would 
 be thought to have received but a mean educa- 
 tion w'ho is entirely ignorant of this branch of 
 learning. There are few^ who have not heard 
 B 2 of 
 
PREFACE, 
 of the names of yupiter^ yuno^ Minerva^ Mars^ 
 f^enus, Mircur)^^ 'Neptune^ Hercules^ Achilles^ 
 Agamemnon^ Andromache^ Helcn^ OEdipus^ Jom 
 cajia^ and the like ; and yet perhaps a very few 
 of this great number are able to givje any account 
 of thefe heathen deities and heroes, or of the 
 fables concerning them, inferted in the poets 
 and hiflorians, without the alliiilance of fome 
 book of this kind ; and none has been contrived 
 fo proper for the purpofe as that which is here 
 offered to the public. 
 
 To render this volume fiill more ufeful to all 
 who have a tafle for the polite arts, efpecially 
 thofe of Painting and Statuary, we have gene- 
 rally defcribed the manner in which thefe fabu- 
 lous perfonages have been, and fUll are, repre- 
 fented in paintings, ilatues, and gems, with the 
 proper enfigns or emblems by which they are 
 diflinguilhed ; and, for the faiisfa6fion of the 
 reader, we have quoted our authorities, and re- 
 ferred him to moft of the authors we have con* 
 fulted throughout the work. 
 
 A 
 
A COMPENDIOUS 
 
 DICTIONARY 
 
 O F 
 
 FABULOUS HISTORY. 
 
 A BA^DIR, the name of a ftone which Ops or 
 Rhea, the wife of Saturn, wrapt up in Twad- 
 dling clothes, and gave to Saturn, inftead of 
 her Ton Jupiter, who was juft come into the world j 
 I becaufe it was the cuftom of Saturn to devour all 
 I the male infants for fear of being dethroned. Prif^ 
 cus. Soph, 
 
 Aba'dir, was alfo a name that the Carthaginians 
 gave to their moft confiderable gods, to diftinguifti 
 them from the lefs 5 for this word in the Phenician 
 language {\gn\fies' Tnagnificent jather^ 
 
 ABuEus, a furname of Apollo, taken from the city 
 - Abaea in Phocis, a country of Achaia in Greece, 
 where this God had a rich temple, and a famous 
 oracle. 
 
 A'baris, was a Sythian, who fung the journey of 
 Apollo into the north, and was made high-prieft 
 by him on that account. He received from him, 
 befides the^ift of prophecy, an arrow upon which 
 he flew through the air. It is faid that he affifted 
 in bringing the Palladium down from heaven to be 
 placed in the temple of Minerva at Troy. Hygin, 
 Abas, the fonof Hypothoon and Melanira 5 he was 
 transformed into a lizard by Ceres, becaufe he made 
 a jeft of her and her facriflces, when he faw her 
 drink with great avidity. O^uid. Metam. 1. 5 . 
 
 One of this name was alfo a companion of .i^neas, 
 and anctber was a Centaur* There was likewife 
 3 3 another^ 
 
A B 
 
 another, faldto be king of Argo?, Ton of Lynceus 
 and Hypermneftra, or, accoiding to others, of Be- 
 lus. He was the father of Praetns and Acrifiiis, • 
 and uncle of Perfeus, and was paflionately fond of 
 war. Eufeb. 1. lo. Paufan* 
 
 Aba'ster, one of the horfes of Pluto. 
 
 Abde'r A, a city of Thrace, built by Abdera, fifter of 
 Diornedes ; the inhabitants became mad at the re- 
 prefentation of a tragedy. They were obliged to 
 abandon this city on account of a prodigious num- 
 ber of frogs and rats which bred in their country. 
 Abde'ra, a young man a friend of Hercules, and 
 his companion in the wars, — 
 
 Abe'llion, an ancient god of the Gauls, whom 
 VolFius believes to be the fun, and to be fq^ called 
 from Belus, or Belenus, a name the Cretans gave 
 to this luminary, v/hich fjgnifies the father of the 
 day • • 
 
 Abeo'na, and Adeona, deities who prefided over 
 voyages. 
 
 Abi'aj daughter of Hercules, filler and nurfe of 
 Hyllus. She had a famous temple in MiHinia, 
 and retired into the city of Ira, which was named 
 after her, and was one of the feven cities which 
 Agamemnon promifed to Achilles. Ho?ner, 
 
 Abor Foin ES, a people whom Saturn brought under ' 
 obedience, and whom he condu 6 Ied out of Egypt ; 
 into Italy, where they fettled. 
 
 Absy'rtes, brother of Medaea. She was a magi- j 
 cian and cut him to pieces, and hrewed his mem- i 
 bers in the highway to retard her father, who was i 
 in purfuit of her when Hie ran away with Jafun* : 
 O vid. Prifi. 1. 3 . ! 
 
 There was a river of tbe fame name in Colchis, which 
 fell into the Euxine fea. 
 
 Abu'ndance, an allegorical deity, reprefented un- 
 der the figure df a young woman in the midft of 
 all forts of provifions. She is painted like onefull 
 
A C 
 
 ' of flefh, and with lively colours ; holding in her 
 hand a cornucopia [or horn of plenty] full of 
 flowers and fruit. This goddefs made her.efcape 
 wi(h Saturn when he was dethroned by Jupiter* 
 Ovid* Met am* 
 
 Aby'dos, a city of Afia, upon the Hellefpont, where 
 Hero and Leander were born. 
 
 There was another of the fame name in Egypt, 
 where the famous temple of Ofiris was built, and 
 where Memnon ufually dwelt, 
 
 A^byla, a mountain of Africa, oppofite to Calpe, 
 another mountain in Spain, near the Straights of 
 Gibraltar ; chefe are called the pillars of Hercules, 
 ’Tis taid that this hero, finding thefe two moun- 
 tains joined, cut a channel between them, by which 
 means the water of the ocean communicated with 
 the Mediterranean Tea. 
 
 Ac aca'llid A, a daughter of Minos, who was mar- 
 ried to Apollo, or rather one of his priefts ; or, as 
 fome fay, a certain prince, who, on account of his 
 tade of and fkill in mufic, has the furname of 
 Apollo. 
 
 A'cAe, an ifland in which Ceres made her abode. 
 
 A'calus, the nephew of Dedalus, ’who invented 
 tire faw and th^compalTes. Dedalus was fo jealous 
 of him that he threw him from the top of a tower, 
 but Minerva, out of compaffion, changed him into 
 a partridge. 
 
 A'camas, the fon of Thefeus and Phasdra. He was 
 
 ' at the fiege of Troy, and was deputed by Dio- 
 medes to go and demand Helen. During this em- 
 bafiy, Laodicea, daughter of Priam, had a fon by 
 him. After this he returned to the camp, and was 
 one of thofe who entered the wooden horfe. In ilie ^ 
 middle of the fiaughter Elhra /hewed him the 
 he had by Laodicea, which induced him to favc v 
 them both, 
 
 A.Cia - 
 
A C 
 
 Aca'ntha, a young nymph, who, for having given 
 a favourable reception to Apollo, was changed into 
 a plant of the fame name. Vitruvius, Antiq, 
 
 Ac ARN a'nia, a province of Epirus. There was like- 
 wife a country of that name in Egypt, as alfo a city 
 ntar Syracufe, where there was an old temple dedi- 
 cated to Jupiter Olympius. Flin, Sernj. Tbucyd, 
 
 Aca'rnas and Amphoterus, two brothers, who 
 were fons of Alcmeon and Callirhoe. The mother 
 begged of Jupiter that they might grow to manhood 
 in a moment to revenge the death of their father, 
 whom the brothers of Alphefibcea had flain, this 
 prince having retaken the bracelet which Alphefi- 
 boea had ftolen from his mother Eriphyle, when 
 be killed her, to make a prefent of it to Callirhoe. 
 Acarnas and Amphoterus flew the brothers of 
 Alphefiboea, and confecrated this fatal bracelet to 
 Apollo. 0^'td, Met am, 1. 9. 
 
 AcA'sTA,oneofthe daughters of Ocean us andTethys. 
 
 A-Ca'stus, a famous hunter, the Ton ofPelias, king 
 of Theflaly. Athalanta his wife being in love with 
 Peleus, who would not liden tp her, was fo irri- 
 tated that Ihe accufed him to her hufband of hav- 
 ing attempted her honour. Acaffus, diflembling 
 bis refemment, condu6ied Peleus to mount Pelion, 
 under pretence of hunting, and there abandoned 
 bim to the Centaurs and wild bealls. Chiron re- 
 ceived favourably this unhappy prince, who after- 
 wards, by the help of the Argonauts, revenged the 
 cruelty of Acadus, and the hatred of Athalanta, 
 O'vid, Met am, 1. S. 
 
 Acca Laurentia, the nurfe of Romulus and Remus, 
 and wife ofFauftuIus. She was placed in the rank 
 of deities at Rome, according to fome authors, 
 and honoured with a fedjval that was celebrated in 
 December. 
 
 Acca Laureniia^ a famous courtefan at Rome, who 
 lived in the leign of Ancus Martius. It Is faid 
 
I AC 
 
 fhe was one of the handfomefl women in her time, 
 and became exceeding rich by' the bounty of her 
 gallants. At her death /lie made the Roman peo- 
 ple her heir, on which account her name was in- 
 fcribed in the Fafti, and they inftituted feftivais to 
 her honour under the name of the goddefs Flora. 
 
 A'ccius Na^iusy an augur who lived in the time of 
 the ancient Tarquin king of the Romans. He was 
 thought to be extremely ikilful in his art, and 
 when he oppofed that king in a particular defign^ 
 he was offended at him, and being defirous to put 
 him to confufion, ordered the augur to tell him 
 what he then thought of, and whether his thoughts 
 could be put in execution. This may be done, an- 
 fwered the augur. Then, fays he, you can cut a 
 whetftone in two with a razor, which Accius im- 
 mediately did. 
 
 A'ccius, an ancient Latin tragedian, cotemporary 
 with Pacuvius. 
 
 Ac CO, a fimple old woman who talked with herfelf 
 at the glafs, and earneftly refufed what fhe mod 
 defired. 
 
 Acersocomes, a name of Apollo, which fignifies 
 long hair, which was given him becaufe he is ge- 
 nerally reprefen ted like a young man with long 
 hair. 
 
 Ace'sios, a furname of Telefphorus, a god of me- 
 dicine, which fignifies a reftorer of health. He 
 was^ honoured as a god by the Epidaurians under 
 this name. 
 
 Acestes, a king of Sicily, and fon of the river 
 Chrinifus 5 he gave an honourable reception to 
 ^neas, and buried Anchifes upon mount Eryx, 
 jEneid, 
 
 Ace'tus, the captain of a Tyrian veflel ; he pre- 
 vented his companions from carrying off Bacchus, 
 (whom they found on the fea fhore, but knew not,) 
 in hopes of a great ranfom. Bacchus made him- 
 
 felf 
 
AC 
 
 - felf known immediately, and changed them all 
 into dolphins, except Acetus, whom he confe- 
 crated his high-prieth 
 
 Acha'ia, a province of Greece. 
 
 Ach jeme'n IDES, one of the companions of UlyfTes. 
 He made his efcape from the Cyclops. There was 
 another of the lame name who followed iEneas 
 after the defti n6fion of Troy, Virg, ACneid. 1 . 3. 
 
 Aca^tes, a friend and faithful companion of 
 j^neas, 
 
 Achelo'us, fon of Oceanus and Tethys. Being 
 in love with Deianira, and knowing that fhe was 
 to marry a great conqueror, he fought with Her- 
 cules, but was vanquilhed : then he aiTumed the 
 form of a Serpent, and was again defeated 5 aftcr- 
 terward that of a Bull, in which he fucceeded no 
 better; for Hercules took him by the. horns, threw 
 him down, and then tore one of them off, which 
 obliged him to hide himfelf in the river Thoas, | 
 iince called Achelous, He gave his conqueror ; 
 the cornucopia, or horn of plenty, as a ranfom for 
 his own. Onjtd. Met am, 1 . 8 and 9. 
 
 Ach e'mon, brother of Bafalas or Pafialus ; they 
 were both Cecrops, who were fo quarrelfome that 
 they attacked every one they met. Senno their 
 mother warned them from falling into the hands of 
 Melampyglus, that is, the man with a black breech i 
 or thighs. One day they found Hercules afleep 
 under a tree and affronted him; upon which he 
 bound their feet together, tied them to his club, 
 and threw them over his fhoulder, as the hunters .! 
 carry a hare. While they were in this poifure, ■ 
 they could not help faying, This is Melampygius 
 that we fhould have taken care of. Hercules, hear- | 
 ing them, fell a laughing and let them go. Suidas, 1 
 
 Achero'is, a fort of poplar which grows 6n the 
 banks of the riyer Acheron. This tf<e v/as con- | 
 fecrated to the -infernal Gods. 
 
 Acke- 
 
AC 
 
 A'cHE R ON, Ton of Sol or Titan and Terra. He was 
 changed into a river, and precipitated into the in- 
 fernal regions, becaufehehad fupplied the Titans 
 with water when they waged war with Jupiter. 
 The waters became muddy and bitter, and this is 
 one of the rivers which the ghofts are obliged to 
 pais over j but they never return back. It is alf® 
 the name of another river in Calabria, 
 
 Acher-uZsia, a cavern or lake on the (bore of the 
 Euxine fea, which they pretended had a communi- 
 cation with the infernal regions, and thro’ which,, 
 the inhabitants of the country alHrmed, they had 
 dragged the dog Cerberus. Plin)i G. i. 20. 
 
 Achille'a, an ifland of the Euxine Tea, in whicU 
 Achilles was honoured as a god, and where it is 
 pretended he wroiight great miracles. . 
 
 AciTi'LLES, king of Thelfaly, and fon of Peleus 
 and Thetis. They fay his mother dipped him in 
 the river Styx to render him invulnerable, which 
 he was in all parts except his heel by which fhe 
 held him. He was placed under the tuition of the 
 Centaur Chiron, who fed him with the marrow of 
 lions, tygers, bears, and other wild beads. His 
 mother, learning from Calchas that he fhould be- 
 killed at the liege of Troy, and that they could 
 not take this city without him, fent him to the 
 court of Lycomedes, in the ille of Scyros, in a 
 woman’s drefs, and by the name of Pyrrha, in 
 ordel- to conceal him. Being thus dil'guifed, he 
 made himfelf known to Deidarnia, daughter of 
 Lycomedes, whom he married privately, and had 
 a fon by, her named Pyrrhus. When the Greeks 
 were met to befiege Troy, Calchas dilcovered the 
 place ot his retreat. They fent Ulyll'es in the 
 difguife of a merchant, who prelhited to the 
 ladies of the court jewels and weapons; when 
 Achilles, preferring the latter to the jewels, by 
 that means came to be known ; upfn which UlylTes 
 
 prevailed 
 
AC 
 
 prevailed upon him to go to the (lege of Troy* 
 Achilles foon became the principal hero of Greece, 
 and the terror of his eneipies. During the fiege 
 Agamemnon took away his captive called Brifeis, 
 which occaftoned him to retire to his tent ^and 
 forfake the army. In the mean while the Trojans 
 always got the better ; but his friend Patrocius 
 being killed by Heaor, he returned back and 
 revenged his death, by killing Heaor, dragging 
 his body three times round the walls of Troy, and 
 then delivered him to Priam to be buried. After- 
 wards falling in love with Polixena,. daughter of 
 Priam, he demanded her in marriage, and when 
 he was going to perform the ceremony, Paris let 
 fly an arrow at his heel, which was the occafion 
 of l«s death. The poets fay that Apollo conduaed 
 this arrow. The Greeks ere6led a monument foi 
 him on the promontory of Sigeum, upon which 
 his fon Pyrrhus facriflced Polixena. Some pre- 
 tended that Thetis alked him, while he was a child; 
 whether he chofe to live a long while in an obfcun 
 condition, or die young loaded with honours, anc 
 that he chofe the latter. Horn* Iliad, . , , • 
 
 Acho'res, the god of flies, to whom the inhabi 
 rants of Cyrena, according to Pliny, oflrered facn 
 fices, in order to prevail upon him to drive awa; 
 thofe rnfeas which fometimes caufed infeaiou 
 difeafes in that country. 
 
 Acida'lia, was one of the names of Venus, a 
 the goddefs who caufed care and uneafmeft. I 
 was alfo the name of a fountain where the Grace 
 
 went to bathe. .... r 
 
 Aciles, a fountain in Sicily 5 it took its namerror 
 a young man called Aciiius, whom Polixena ha 
 killed, and who was metamorphofed into a foun 
 tain by Neptime, at the requeft of Galatea, wh 
 was beloved ^y Aciiius. 
 
A C 
 
 Acis, the fon of Faunus 5 he was admired by Ga* 
 latea for his extraordinary beauty, whom the giant 
 I Polyphemus pallionately loved. This giant one 
 ; day fiirprihng him with Galatea, crufhed him to 
 I pieces with a rock ; but the nymph, full of grief, 
 changed his blood into the river hnce called Acis* 
 
 • Homer, Odyjf, O^id, Met am. 
 
 I AcoeTes, a man of Meonia or Lydia, who was fo 
 ■ poor that he had not a bed to lie on. O^vid. Metam. 
 
 : 1 - 3 - 
 
 I Aco'ntius, a young man of fingular beauty, who, 
 coming to facrifice at Delos, fell in love with Cy- 
 dippe, who difdained him 5 being out of all hope 
 ^ of marrying her, he wrote thefe words upon a ball : 
 j “ I fwear by Diana, that I will never marry any 
 one but Acontius.” He threw it at the feet of 
 Cydippe, who took it up and read the words, 
 without thinking what (he was about. Every time 
 fhe attempted to marry any other, fhe was attacked 
 by a violent fever, and thinking it to be a punifh- 
 ment of the gods, /he married Acontius* Firg^ 
 O^id, Herod, 19 and 2,0* 
 
 Acri'sius, king of Argos, who, having confulted 
 the oracle, was informed that he /liould be killed 
 by one of his grandfons 5 to prevent which he /luit 
 up his only daughter Danae in a tower of brafs : 
 but Jupiter defcended in a fhower of gold into the 
 tower and enjoyed her. Acrifius, being told rliat 
 Danae was pregnant, expofed her on the fea in 3 
 fmall boat. Polyde6lus, king of the Cyclades, 
 finding this boat, treated the lady in a handfome 
 manner, and brought up her fon Perfeus, who, 
 being arrived to manhood, killed his graniifather 
 without knowing who he was. 
 
 Ac RON, a king of Cenina, a city of Italy, whom 
 Romulus /lew for inv*ading his territories, and con- 
 fecrated hia fpoil to Jupiter Feretrius. Alfo an. 
 
 C Athenian 
 
AD 
 
 Athenian phyficlan and phllofopher as ancient at 
 ErTipedocles. 
 
 Act^us, the fird Icing of Attica. 
 
 Act^'on, the fon of Ariftaeus, and grandfon of 
 Cadmus j he was brought up by Chiron, and be* 
 came a great hunter. One day as he was hunting, 
 he chanced to pafs by a fountain where Diana was 
 bathing j and becaufe he was fo bold as to look 
 upon the naked goddefs, (he turned him into a 
 ftag, and he was hunted and devoured by his own 
 hounds. Onjid. Metam, 
 
 Acti^ac A, games in honour of Apollo AsSlius, cele- 
 brated every three years. They take their name 
 from the promontory called A6fiiim in Epirus, 
 where this god had a temple. 
 
 A'ctius, a furname of Apollo, taken from A6fium, 
 where he was worthipped. 
 
 Adad, a king of Syria, who was honoured as a 
 god after hi« death by the inhabitants of that 
 country, particularly at Damafcus. 
 
 Ad AMAN th^e'a, was the nurfe of Jupiter in Crete* 
 It is faid (lie hung a cradle with the infant on the 
 branches of a tree, that (he might fafely affirm that 
 he was neither in heaven nor on the earth. 
 
 Adepha'giat the goddefs pf gluttony, to whom 
 the Sicilians paid divine honours. 
 
 Ades, or Hades , a name of Pluto, as king of the 
 dead. 
 
 Adme'tus, fon of Pheres, king of ThefTaly, <va» 
 one of the Grecian princes who met to hunt a wild 
 boar of Calydon. He was concerned in the ex- 
 pedition of the Argonauts. When Apollo was 
 in his difgrace he was obliged to keep the flocks of 
 this king. Admetus being defirous to marry Al- 
 cefta, daughter of Pelias, could not obtain her, un- 
 Jefs he gave Pelias a chariot drawn by a lion and a 
 wild boar. Apollo, out of gratitude, taught him 
 how to tame to the fame yoke thefe two animnls. 
 
 This 
 
A D 
 
 This God likewifc obtained a grant from theParcse, 
 that when this king drew near his end he might 
 fhun death, if he could get any one to die in his 
 ropm. Admetiis being feized with a mortal difeafe, 
 and no one offering to take his place, his wife 
 Alcefta generourty died in his room. However, 
 Admetiis was fo full of grief on this account, that 
 Proferpine was defiroiis of fending her back^ 
 which was' oppofed by Pluto j but Hercules de- 
 fcended into the infernal regions, and brought her 
 back by force. Apollo rendered Admetus a great 
 many other good turns during his banifhment. 
 Never prince met with more misfortunes j but the 
 gods always prote6led him in a particular manner, 
 on account of his piety, Euripid. O vid. Metarnofm 
 1 . 2 . 
 
 Adod, ^ name which the Phenicians gave to the 
 king of the gods. 
 
 Ado'nis, was a youth of extraordinary beauty, and 
 proceeded from the inceft of Cynaniras with his 
 own daughter Myrrha. He was a great hunter, 
 and Venus was pallionately fond of him : however, 
 jfhe had the unhappinefs to fee him killed by a wild 
 boar ; but /he changed him into a flower called the 
 Anemone. Proferpine, moved with the complaint 
 of that goddefs, engaged to reftore him back, pro- 
 vided /he might poflefs him fix months in the year. 
 When Venus had once got him into her own power, 
 /he would not part with him to her rival ; which 
 c.iufed a great quarrel between them. But it was 
 terminated by Jupiter, who ordered that he fhould 
 be his own mafter four months, be with Venus four 
 months, and the refl of the year with Proferpine. 
 O^vid. Metam. 1. lo. Bavle, DtSl. crit, 
 
 Adporina, a furname of Cybele, who had a tem- 
 ple on a mountain difficult of accefs, near Perga- 
 mus. 
 
 C 2 
 
 Adra'- 
 
JE A 
 
 Ad R ASMUS, was a god woVfliipped in Sicily, accord- 
 ing to Plutarch, and the city of that name was.par- 
 ticularly confecrated to him. 
 
 Adra'stus, king of Argos, wsrs obliged to take 
 refuge with Polybius, his grandfather by the fa- 
 ther’s fide, to avoid the perfecutions of Amphia- 
 reus, who had feized his dominions. He raifed a 
 powerful army againft the Thebans, commanded 
 by Polynices, Tydaeus, Amphiareus, Capanaeus, 
 Panthenopus, Hyppomedon, and himfelf, who 
 their general. This is called the enterprife of the 
 feven champions who deftroyed I hebes, and who 
 almoft all perifhed. A little while after he excited 
 the Tons to revenge the death of their fathers, raifing 
 an army like the former, which was called the army 
 of the Epigones. Pindar^ Eurtpidesy Herodotus^ 
 
 There was another Airaflusy king of the Dorians, 
 who was killed by Telemachus on account of his 
 perfidy. As alfo a third, who imprudently killed , 
 his brother. A wild boar having ravaged the | 
 country, and fpoiled the corn of the Myfians, , 
 Atys,fon of Arcaefus,and brother of this Adraftus, 
 wasdelirousof defiroyingthismonfterjbut Adraftus, ^ 
 (hooting an arrow at the monfter, unluckily killed J 
 his brother Atys, and then himfelf out of defpair. ' 
 Herodotus y\, 
 
 Adra'stea, a name of the goddefs Nemefis. He- 
 len had a fervant of (his name. Homer, Odyff, 64. 
 
 the chief citv of Colchis, by the river Phafis. 
 As alfo a huntrefs, whom Phafis fell in love with, 
 and in his purfuii of her file was turned into an 
 ifiand or city of her own name. 
 
 ^'acus, the fon of Jupiter and -®gina, king of 
 Oi:.nopia, which from his mother’s name he called 
 ^gina. His country being difpeopled by a plague, 
 Jupiter, at his requeil, recruited his fubjefts by 
 turning ants into men, whom he therefore called 
 Myrmidons. He had by Chiron’s daughter two 
 
 fous 
 
M G 
 
 fons. Telamon and Peleiis, and a third by a daugh- 
 ter of PeiTeus. The reputation of his jufticewas fo 
 great, that after his death they made him judge of 
 the infernal regions with Minos and Radainan* 
 thus. 
 
 J£.l£.^Ay an ifland in the Tyrene fea, where Circe 
 dwelt, and Aurora had her lodgings. Homer. 
 
 jflS'As, a river running out of Macedon into the 
 Ionian fea. 
 
 AeDON; the daughter of Pandarus, who was mar- 
 ried to Zetlios, brother of Amphion, by whom flte 
 had only one fon j upon which account, being en- 
 vious of the numerous family of Niobe her filler- in- : 
 Jaw, file refolved to kill the eldeftof her nephews, 
 but by miftake flew her own fon Hylus. After flie 
 had found her miftake, flie killed herfelf out of 
 defpair j but Homer fays (he was carried away by ' 
 the Harpies, and delivered to the Furies. ; 
 
 a king of Colchis, and father of Medea. 
 
 Onjtd. Epifi* 
 
 JEe'tias, the name of Medea, the daughter of | 
 
 ^eta.' I 
 
 JEga, a nymph who was Jupiter’s nurfe, and daugh- | 
 ter of Olenus. She was tranflated after her death i 
 into heaven, and made a confteilation called Capri- ^ 
 corn. 0^-vid, Fuji, \{ 
 
 a monftrous giant, who had an hundred ^ 
 
 and fifty arms and an hundred heads. Juno, Pallas, ? 
 and Neptune, having refolved to put Jupiter in i\ 
 chains at the time of the war of the gods, Thetis 
 brought over JEgxon to the fide of Jupiter; upon 
 which account he pardoned all that he had before 
 committed with the giant. Homer. Virgil. 
 
 JEbE'^iA, w'as a nymph of the foreft of Aricia, 
 who married Numa Pqmpilius, and aflifted In his 
 government. After the death of this king, (he left 
 her abode at Rome, and returned to her former re- 
 treat, where fitting at the foot of a mountain, fne 
 G 3 wept 
 
B G 
 
 . wept bitterly. Diana, touched with her affliftion, 
 changed her into a fountain^ whofe waters never 
 dry lip. Some fay that Numa, in order to make 
 the Romans believtthat he had intercourfewith the 
 gods, pretended to go to the foiellof Aricia, to con* 
 fult with the nymph u^geria, and boafted that he 
 had frequent difcourfes’with that deity. But how- 
 ever that be, the Romans believed he had frequent 
 convtfrfations with her* and after the death of Nu- 
 ma, they went into the for ell of Aricia to feek her 
 but finding nothing but a fountain, they gave out 
 that that nymph was changed into a fountain. 
 .^ge'sta, daughter of Hippotas, a noble Trojan, 
 was fent to Skily by her father, that (lie might not 
 be expofed to a monller that Neptune had fent to 
 pur.ifh Laomedon. Oirinifus, a river of Sicily, fell 
 in love with her, and changed himfelf into a he- 
 bear to feduce her : after which Pae became mo- 
 ther of the famous Aedtes. who reigned in Sicily 
 when ^neas arrived there after the min of Troy. 
 ^CE'us, a king" of Athens, next after Pandion. 
 He had two wives, ^thra and Medea. In his 
 reign, Minos, king of Crete, in revenge of the death 
 of his fon Androgens, waged a cruel war againfl 
 theAthenians, and, conquering them, ordered that 
 they fhouki fend feven noblemen's children every 
 year into Crete, to be devoured by the Minotaur, 
 which was a monller half bull and half man, fhut 
 up in the labyrinth, and fed with human flr di. 
 This penalty was paid three years, when Th?feus, 
 elded fon of kingiE^eus, kill ;d the monller, and 
 made his efcape. When Thefeus, through the 
 council and aOi dance of Ariadne, daughter of 
 . M inos, had dain the monller, and was retaining 
 .bcn.evvards, he forgot his father’s command, 
 which was to hoill a white flag in cafe of fuccefs ; 
 whereupon the old prince, fuppofing his fon had 
 
 been 
 
JE G 
 
 feeen (lain, threw himfelf from the top of a turret 
 into the Tea, which is fince called the JEgean Tea, 
 >5Egi'ale, the wife of Diomedes, who, in his ab- 
 fence at the wars of Troy committed adultery with 
 Cyllabarus, the Ton of Sthenelus j'which Diomedes 
 hearing, woCild not return home, but went into 
 Italy, and obtained part of the kingdom with Dau- 
 niis ; but Venus, having been wounded by Dio- 
 niedes, made^^giale become fo fhamcl'efs, that file 
 turned a common harlot. Statius, 
 
 a, the daughter of Afophus king of Boeotia, 
 who being beloved by Jupiter, he vifited her in the 
 likenefs of a fl-^me of fire, and begat./^acus and 
 Radamanthus. Quid. Metam, 
 
 -®'gipan, fo called becaufe he was fhaped like a goat 
 with a fifh’s tail ; fome fay he was the fame as Pan, 
 but Virgil, in his Georgies, makes him the fame 
 as the Roman Siivanus 
 
 jtG I P a'n e s , were faid to be a naked people that had 
 goats feet, and long whifking tails. They were 
 worfhipped by the ancients as demi gods, or gods 
 of the woods. 
 
 L/E'gis, one of the Gorgons, a monfter born of the 
 earth. She vomited forth fire and flame with a 
 thick black fmoke 5 (he did a great deal of mif- 
 chief in Phrygia, fetting fire to the forefts and 
 fields, infomuch that the inhabit'ants were forced to 
 leave their country. Pallas fought with this Gor* 
 gon, killed her, and covered her fhield with her 
 fkin, which was fo terrible, that it turned all who 
 looked upon it into ftone. Jupiter wore this as a 
 defence againft the Titans. Homer gives a fuse 
 I defeription of it in his Iliad. 
 i®GPsTHUS, thefon ofThyefiesand Pelopeia. Thy* 
 i eftes, to whom the oracle had foretold, that the fon 
 I he fhould have by his own daughter Pelopeia 
 would revenge the crimes of Atreus, made her 
 i prieftefs of Minerva almoft from her infancy, with 
 
 orders 
 
 1 
 
yE G 
 
 orders to tranfport her into a country he knew no- 
 thing of, and with a prohibition not to acquaint 
 her with her birth. He thought by this precau- 
 tion to avoid the inceft which had been foretold ; 
 but fome years afterwards meeting her in a wood, 
 without knowing who fhe was, he violated her; 
 fhe required him to give her his fword, which the 
 kept. Pelopeia caufed her fon to be brought up 
 among the fhepherds, who named him ^gifthus. 
 When he was old enough to bear arms, (he pre- 
 fented him with the fword of Thyeftes. This 
 young prince being promoted in the court of 
 Atreus, he was chofen to go and aflaflinateThyeftes, 
 w'hofe country Atreus intended to invade. Thy- 
 eftes remembered his fword, which caufed him to 
 afk feveral queftions of^gifthus, who anfwered 
 that he had it of his mother. They prevailed 
 upon him to bring his mother back, and then Thy- 
 eftes found that the oracle was fiilhlled with regard 
 to the inceft. JTgifthus, difpleafed that Atreus 
 had appointed him to maflacrc his own father, re- 
 turned foon after to Mycenay'whtrt he killed Atreus. 
 Being defirous of marrying Clytemneftra, he aftaf* 
 finated Agamemnon, and feized on his throne, bui 
 was himfelf afterwards killed by Oreftes. 0 <vid. 
 
 .^GLE, the daughter of Hefperus, king of Italy, and 
 one of the Hefperides. Onj'td. 
 
 .^go'bolos, a furname of Bacchus; it was giver 
 him by the Potnians, becaufe, by the advice c 
 Apollo, they facrificed a goat to that deity in th< 
 room of a young man. 
 
 iCco'cERUs, a fea monfter, into which Pan tranf 
 forrned himfelf, when, with the reft of the gods, h 
 fted from Typhon the great giant, and enemy o 
 the gods. Lucan 9. 54.. 
 
 . j^GON, the name of a ftiepherd in Virgil. 
 
 JEgy'ptus, the fon of Neptune or Belus, and bro 
 ther of Panaus. He had fifty fons who marries 
 
 fei 
 
M N 
 
 hisbrother’sfifty daughters called Danaides. They 
 all killed their hufbands on the firft night of their 
 nuptials, except Hypermneftra, who fpared Lyn- 
 ceus. See Hypermnejira. 
 
 A.CLLO, one of the three Harpies, daughter of Thau- 
 mas and Eleftra, according to Hefiod. 
 
 Elu'rus, a god of the Egyptians, fometimes re- 
 , prefented in the figure of a cat, but oftener of a 
 man with a cat's head. 
 
 Ema'thion, the fon of Tithonus, was a tyrant of 
 Arabia, whom Hercules flew according to Diodo- 
 ; rus Siculus. 
 
 i5jmon, Creon’s ybungeft fon, to whom. Antigone, 
 daughter of OEdipus, was betrothed, but never 
 , married ; for while flie followed her father into 
 I exile, iEmon was flain by the inonfter Sphinx ac- 
 : cording to Ovid. But Propertius fays, he flew him- 
 fclf at Antigone's grave. 
 
 ^Mus or H^MUSi a king of Thrace, who married 
 . Rhodope, the daughter of Strymon. They grew fo 
 proud, that he affumed the title of Jove, and lhe.of 
 Juno, and would needs be worfhipped as gods ; 
 upon which Jupiter was fo incenfed, that he turned 
 them into hills of the fame names. 0<vid, Metam*, 
 ®iNE-^As, a Trojan prince, fon of Anchifesand Venus. 
 
 , When the Greeks took Troy, he fought valiantly 
 in the ftreets of that city j but finding himfelf too 
 weak to withftand their number, he took his father 
 Anchifes loaded with the hou/hold gods upon his 
 I back, leading his fon Afcanius by the hand, and 
 retired to Antandros, with as many Trojans as he 
 i could get together. At that time he loft Creufa his 
 wife, without knowing what was become of her. 
 Afterwards he pafTed into Epyrus with feveral fliips ; 
 and, after having undergone feveral tempefts, he 
 landed at Carthage, where Queen Dido fell in love 
 with him. From thence he went into Sicily, where 
 Anchifes died, and where a magnificent tomb was 
 
 erc6le4 
 
JE o 
 
 ereflcdto his inemory. Pafilng from thence, and i 
 having been totfed aboujt by feveral (terms, he ar- i 
 rived in Italy, where he went to conlult the Sibyl> 
 who directed him the road to the infernat regions, 
 whither he defeended with a golden branch, which 
 had been rtiewn him to m .ke a prefent of to Pro- 
 ferpine. When he came to the Elyfian fields, he 
 faw the Trojan heroes, and his father, who foretold 
 all that fhould happen to TEneas before his death. 
 When he returned from thence, he embarked on 
 the Tiber, where Cybele changed his vefTels into , 
 nymphs. He proclaimed war againft Turnus, wdio [ 
 defjgned to take Lavinia for his wife ; but^neas I 
 married her after feveral battles, in one of which ; 
 Turnus was (lain. He laid the foundation of a new 
 empire with his Ton Afeanius, and it is from him 
 that the Romans pretend to be defeended. They I 
 fay he was taken into heaven by Venus, in fpite of ' 
 Juno, who had caufed all his misfortunes, and who 5 
 was his declared enemy, becaufe he was a Trojan* 
 Homer. VirgiL Ouief, 
 
 JE^I'PEUS, aThelTaltan fiiepherd, who transformed 
 himfelf into a river to enjoy Tyro. This nymph- 
 feeing the waters of AEnipeus extremely clear, and 
 attempting to bathe, AEnipens enjoyed her; and in 
 his form Neptune had by her Pelias and Neleus. 
 
 jT'OLUS, god of the winds, and Ton of Jupiter, He 
 was king of the -^olian ifland, which was fo 
 called from him. He was faid to be the god of 
 the winds on account of his fkill in aftronomy. 
 He entertained Ulylfes very handfomely when he 
 palled through his dominions, and made him a pre- 
 fent of feveral fkins wherein the winds were enclof- 
 ed ; but the companions ofUlylfes, outof cu'io- 
 fity, opened the Ikins and let the winds efcape, _ 
 which occalioned fuch a dreadful diforder, and raif- ' 
 ed fo terrible a tempeft, that UlylTes loft all his 
 velTels, and got to lliore on an plank. 
 
 
m s 
 
 ^ON, the firft woman in the world, according to the 
 fyftem of the Phenicians : flie is faid to have taught 
 her childien to make ufe of the fruits of trees for 
 their nourifhment. 
 
 ^OSj a giant, Ion of Typhon. 
 
 JE'ous, one of the four horfes of the fun. 
 ^/pYTUS, ihefon of u^fiphon and Merope, educat- 
 ed byCyptulus, his grandfather by the mother s fide. 
 He flew Polyperchon the ufurper, who had mar- 
 ried his mother again ft her will, and recovered his 
 father’s kingdom, 
 
 i^^-REA, a furname of Diana, taken from a mountain 
 of Aigolis, where flie was worfliipped. 
 
 /E'rope, the wife of Atrens, with whom Thyefte^ 
 committed adultery, and had by her two ions 5 
 whom Atreus killed, drafted, and fet upon the ta- 
 ble before his brother. Quid, "Trift, 
 
 ^s, Mfculaniusy or JEras, are the different names 
 of the deity that prefided over the coining of cop- 
 per money j fhe was reprefented under the figure 
 of a woman ftanding up in thedrefs of a goddefs, 
 bolding a balance in her right hand. 
 
 JE's ACUS, the fon of Priam and Alixothoe, daugh- 
 ter of Dymas. He fell in love with Hefperia, and 
 followed her into the woods j but ftie running from 
 him, w'as flain a ferpent 5 whereupon he v^as fo 
 difcontent^d, that he threw himfelf headlong from 
 a rock into the Tea. Thetis, out of compafllon, turned- 
 him into a didapper or diver. 0 ‘vid» Metam* 
 j*£'schylus, a famous Greek tragedian, who wrote 
 ninety plays, whereof only fix remain ; he was 
 killed by the fall of a tortoife, wdiich an eagle 
 dafhed againft his bald pate, miftaking it for a 
 flone. Falerius Maximus* 
 
 i^^scuLA'pius, the fon of Apollo and the nymph 
 Ooronis, The care of his education was com- 
 mitted to Chiron, who taught him phyfick, where- 
 in he was fo fkilful, that he was faid to have raifed* 
 
 feverai 
 
I' 
 
 JE T 
 
 fcver.al from the dead ; whereupon Pluto com- 
 plained to Jupiter, who killed him with a thunder* 
 bolt, for bringing Hippolytus, the fon of Thefeus, to 
 life again. He was wor/hipped at Epidaurus under , 
 the form of a ferpent*. He had two Tons, Machaon j 
 and Podalirius, who went with Agamemnon to the 
 Trojan war. Horner, Pindar, ' • 
 
 j®S0N, father of Jafon, fon of Cretheus, and brother \ 
 of Pelias. Medea, at the requeft of Jafon, reftored i 
 him to his youth again. Onjid, Metam, 
 
 ^SOP, a famous writer of fables, was a Phrygian by 
 birth, and a deformed poor (lave, but a very wife 
 man. 
 
 .^tha'lides, the fon of Mercury, was a herald or 
 public cryer. He is faid to have obtained of his 
 father two favours ; one was, that, living or dead> 
 he (hould always be informed of what palTed in the 
 world j and the other, that he fliould be half his 
 time among the living, and the other half with the 
 dead. 
 
 AeTES,king of Colchis, married his daughterCalciopc 
 to Phryxus. After having lived fometime with his 
 fon-in-Iaw, he through covetoufnefs caufed him to 
 be afTaflinated, that he might feize on his treafures. 
 Jafon, at the head of theArgonauts, came to demand 
 the inheritance of Phryxus, and became ma&er of 
 his treafure, 
 
 ^THER, the name which the Greeks gSiWt to the hea- 
 vens. In the beginning, fays Hejiod^ God created 
 the /Ether, and on each fide of it was the Chaos 
 and night, which covered every thing that was un- 
 der the /Ether. This (ignifies that it was night 
 
 ♦ This Is contradicted by others, who fay his datue was 
 of gold and ivory, feated on a throne, of the fame materials, 
 his head crowned with rays, and a long beard, having a 
 knotty ftick in one hand, the other entwined with a fer- 
 ment, and a dog lying at his feet, 
 
 before 
 
A G 
 
 j before the creation^ and that the earth was inviH- 
 I ble on account of the darknefs that covered it. 
 [\^THON, the name of one of the horfes belonging to 
 * the chariot of the Sun. Quid, Met am* 
 -®THRA,the daughter of Pittheus,and wife of i^igeus. 
 She married him when he lodged at her father’s 
 houfe, and became big with Thefeus ; and jlsgeus, 
 being obliged to return home without her, left his 
 fvvord and /hoes behind him, which the child was 
 to bring back as loon as he was big e.nough to 
 wear them. Thefeus afterwards went to fee his 
 father, who received him, and made him his heir. 
 There is another -^thra, the daughter of 0<^eanus 
 and Tethys, wife of Atlas, mother of Hyas, 
 and feven daughters, Hyas being devoured by 
 a lion, all the fifters died with grief j but Jupiter 
 metamorphofed them into ftars called the Hyades. 
 ^TNA, a burning mountain of Sicily, which vomits 
 up fire and flames. The forge of Vulcan was in 
 this mountain j and the Cyclops w'ere at work con* 
 tinually in it, in making thunderbolts for Jupiter. 
 ^ TOLUS, the third fon of Endymion and Nais, who 
 retired to the Curetes, and gave their country the 
 name of jEtolia. 
 
 A'FRiCUS, one of the principal winds. 
 
 Agame'des, the brother of the famous Trophonius, 
 who was a /kilfui workman. He and his brother 
 built the temple of Apollo at Delphos, for which 
 he was looked upon as a hero. Plutarch informs 
 us, that when the temple was finifhed, the two 
 brothers demanded their rev^ard of that god, who 
 ordered them to wait eight days, but at the end of 
 this term they were found dead in their beds. 
 Agame'mnon, king of Argos and Myanes, fon of 
 Philiftenes, and grandfon of Atreus, was appointed 
 chief af the Grecian army againft the Trojans. He 
 i^uarrelled with Achilles at the fiege of Troy, for 
 -a female captive called Brifeis, whom he had for- 
 D cibly 
 
A G i 
 
 cibly taken away. The city being taken, CaflTandra, i 
 daughter of Priam, predi£led that he ihould be af- * 
 faffinated at his return home 5 but he did not believe ) 
 her, and yet it proved to be true, for he was killed ; 
 by j^^gifthus, lover of Clytemneftra, his wife. Orefr ' 
 tes, Ele6lra, and Iphigenia, his children, fully re- • 
 venged his death in the fequel. Homer, Quid, 
 Agani'ce, the daughter of Hegetpr, who, having > 
 learned the caufe of eclipfes, and the time that t 
 they would happen, informed the people that Ihe 1 
 could bring down the Moon by her inchantments 5 
 at the fame time exhorting the ThefTalian women, } 
 to make a great noife in order to make her reafcend : 
 to her place. Afterwards in the beginning of an j 
 eclipfe they made a great noife with kettles and ; 
 other infjniments, to hinder her hearing, as they ( 
 pretended, the invocation of the magicians. 
 AgAni'ppe, daughter of the river Permeffus, whifch \ 
 runs round about mount Helicon. She was meta- • 
 morphoftd into a fountain, whofe waters have the j 
 power. of infpiring the poets. This fountain was j 
 confecrated to the Mufes. j 
 
 Agani'ppidbs, a name of the Mufes. They were | 
 fo called from the fountain Aganippe, to whom it I 
 was confecrated. 
 
 Agathy'rnus, fon of jEolus, the god of the wind, ’ 
 who fettled on the coaft of Sicily, and founded a ; 
 city of the fame name. 
 
 Aga've, the daughter of Cadmus and Hermione,^ ' 
 who was married to Echion, king of Thebes, by ? 
 whom die had Pentheus, whom die and the reft of' ! 
 the Maenades in their mad revels tore limb from I 
 limb, bccaufe he would drink no wine, but, inftead i 
 of celebrating, flighted the feaft of Bacchus. * 
 
 AO a'vus, one of the fons of Priam. i 
 
 Agdi'stis, a genius in a human form, but feme* i 
 times of one feXj and fonjetimes of the other fex. ; 
 
 Ace ‘ 
 
A G 
 
 Age of Gold, was the reign of Saturn, bccaiife 
 men lived in innocence, and the earth produced 
 all forts of vegetables without cultivation. 
 
 Age of Silver, is the time that Saturn fpent in 
 Italy, where be taught the art of cultivating the 
 ground, which did not bring forth plants fpontane- 
 oufly, becaufe men v/ere become unjuft. 
 
 Age of Brass ; this was after the reign of Saturn, 
 when libertinifm and injuftice began to prevail. 
 
 Age of Iron 5 thofe times were fo called, w'hen men 
 began to commit the moft monftrous crimes. The 
 poets pretend that at this time the earth became 
 quite barren, becaufe mankind were taken up in 
 endeavouring to deceive each other. 
 
 Age'nor, fon of Neptune and Lybia, was the 
 moft ancient King of Argos. He was the father 
 of Cadmus, whom he ordered never to appear be» 
 fore him without his fifter Europa, whom Jupiter 
 had carried olF. 
 
 Ageno'ria, the goddefs of induftry. She was fe^ 
 in oppofition to the goddefs Murcia, that is Veniis„ 
 or the goddefs of loofenefs 5 becaufe (he renders 
 men loofe and effeminate. 
 
 Agero'nia orANGERONiA, the goddefs offtlence, 
 whom the Romans invoked to obtain the art of 
 being filent at proper times. She is faid to have 
 prefided over councils, becaufe fecrefy is required 
 therein. Her feftival was kept on the twenty -firft 
 of December. The monuments reprefent this 
 goddefs under tne figure of a woman holding her 
 finger to her mouth. 
 
 Agfsila'us, a king of Sparta j and alfo a furname 
 of Pluto, becaufe he fought after the dead, and 
 caufed them to becondu6led to the infernal regions 
 by Mercury. 
 
 Aglau'ra or Agrau'la, was the daughter of Ce- 
 crops, and promifed Mercury to affift him in court- 
 D 2 in 
 
sng her fifter Herfa, in hopes of reward jbut Pallas, 
 angry at this agreement, rendered Aglaura fo jea- 
 lous of Herfa, that (he did every thing to fet them 
 at variance : after this Pallas gave the three filters 
 Aglaura, Herfa, and Pandrola, a badcet wherein 
 Eri(5thonius was hid, commanding them not to 
 open it. Aglaura and Herfa could not (lifle their 
 curiofity, but opened the baiket, which they had 
 no foonerdone, but they were agitated by the>Fu- 
 ries, and threw themfelves down a precipice, but 
 they were changed into fwallows. Metqm, 
 
 1. 2 . This was likewife the name of one of the 
 Graces. 
 
 Agla'ia, one of the three Graces that married Vul- 
 can. 
 
 Aglaophe'ma, one of the Sirens. 
 
 Aglau'ros, daughter of Eri61heus, king of Athens^ I* 
 was turned into a (tone by Meixury. ji 
 
 Ag R A i, the name of one of the Tritons. | 
 
 A'grius, one of the giants that attacked Jupiter. 
 
 Agrote'ra, a furname given to Diana, becaufe (he 
 was always in the fields. The Athenians facrificcd 
 five goats to her every year. 
 
 Agro'tes, a famous deity of the Phoenicians, whom 
 they carried in procelfion on her feftival day, every ♦ 
 year, in a chariot drawn by different animals. 
 
 Agy'rtes, the furname of the priefts of Cybele, i 
 which (ignifies jugglers 5 becaufe they played tricks 
 to get money. 
 
 Ajax, the fon of Oilaeus, was one of the Grecian 
 princes who went to the fiege of Troy. He was fo 
 a 6 live in all his bodily exercifes, that he was e- 
 qualled by none. He violated Caffandra, in the 
 temple of Minerva, where (he had taken refuge 
 during the burning of the city. Minerva was re- 
 folved to puni(h him, and prevailed on Neptune to . 
 raife a furious tempeft as foon as he left the haven. 
 After a great number of dangers he got upon a 
 
 rock 
 
A I 
 
 rock, where he faid I fhalJ efcape in fpite of the 
 gods. Neptune, exafperated at this, clove the rock 
 in two with his trident, and he was I'wallowed up 
 with the water. He had gained a great reputation 
 for his valour, and did great fervice to the Greeks 
 during the liege of Troy. Homer, Quid, Seneca* 
 There was another Ajax, fon of Telamon, who was 
 not lefs famous than the former. He was invulne- 
 rable, except only in one part of his breaft, which 
 was known only to himfelf, and was as impious as 
 the former. He was at the fiege of Troy, where? 
 he was greatly diftinguilhed, and foughtawhoie 
 day with He6tor, when, charmed with each other, they 
 left off, and made one another fatal prefents; for the 
 belt which He6lor received, was made ufe of to 
 fallen him to the chariot of Achilles, when he was 
 drawn round the city of Troy 5 afterwards, A- 
 chilles being killed, Ulylles and Ajax contended 
 for his arms ; Ulylfes got the better. Ajax became 
 fo mad that he fell upon the flocks belonging to 
 the camp, and made a great flaughter, thinking to 
 kill Ulyfl'es ; but when he came to himfelf, he 
 killed himfelf with the fword that he had received 
 from He6lor. Homer, Ovid, Metam, 1 . 5. 
 
 Aido'na, wife of ZetaSjwho, having killed her own 
 fon in the night by millake, was fo full of grief, 
 that flie was metamorphofed into a goldfinch. 
 Ov'd. Metam, There was another of the fame 
 name, and king of the Moloflls, who put Thefeus 
 in prifon becaiife he carried olf Proferpine. 
 
 Aido'neus, a king of Epirus, who lived in the 
 time of Thefeus, fifty years before the liege of Tro)^. 
 As Epirus is a very low country, it is ofte^n taken 
 for the infernal regions, and this prince upon that 
 account is often taken for Pluto. He is the fame 
 that raviflied Proferpine near the river Acheron, 
 
 Aime'na, a Trojan lady, who was accounted a he- 
 roine In Greece, and had even an altar at Athens. 
 
 D I Aius 
 
A L 
 
 Aius Locu'TiuSjthegood of fpeech, worfliipped by 
 the Romans under that name ; the occafion of 
 which was this. A little after the arrival of the 
 Gauls in Italy, they heard a voice which proceeded 
 from Vefta’s wood, that proclaimed, that, if they did 
 not rebuild the walls of the city, it would be taken 
 by the enemy : however, they did not mind what 
 was faid till after the Gauls became mafters of it, 
 and were driven away again. Upon this occafion 
 they ere61ed an altar to the good of fpeech, and af- 
 terwards built a temple to his honour in the middle 
 of Rome ; however, as Cicero obferves, he was 
 never heard to fpeak again. 
 
 Alacome^'des, the fofter father of Minerva, had 
 heroic monuments ere6led to his honour on ac- 
 count of that goddefs. 
 
 Alacome'n A, daughter of Ogyges,was the mirfe of 
 Minerva j for which reafon flie was honoured after 
 her death with a particular woi fliip, and was looked 
 upon as a goddefs that carried dtfigns to a good end. 
 
 A la's TOR, the name of oneof thefoui horfes that drew 
 the chariot of Pluto, when he ravifbed Profeipine. 
 
 Alaba'ndus, the founder Of a city of Caria, called 
 Alabanda, became their chief deity, and was wor- 
 fliipped in a particular manner. 
 
 A'lbion and Borgion. two giants, the fons of 
 Neptune, with whom Hercules fought, and with 
 
 . much diHiculty vanquilhed. 
 
 Albu'wa, the tenth Sibyl, according to Varro, was of 
 the city of Tyber, now called Tiboly, where /he 
 was worfiiipped as a goddefs. 
 
 Al ACi.'THOUS, the fon of Pelops, who fled to Mega- 
 ra, married the daughter of the king Megarus, 
 after he had delivered the country from a furious 
 lion which did a great deal of mifchief. He fuc- 
 ceeded his father in law in the throne. 
 
 Alc^'us, the fon of Perfeiis and hu/band of Hippo- 
 r.)ena,wgs father pf Airphitryon and grandfather of 
 
 Hercnle^i 
 
A L 
 
 Hercules, from whom he took the name of Alcicies. 
 There is another Alcaeus, who was fon of Hercules, 
 
 ALCE'sTAjthe daughter of Pelias and Anaxabia, who 
 being fought after in marriage by a great number of 
 lovers, her father, to caufe them to defiftfrom their 
 purfuit, faid, he v;ould bellow her on him who could 
 harnefs to her chariot two wild beafts of different 
 kinds, in fuch a manner as Ihould enable Alcefta 
 to ride out with them. Admetus, king of Thcffaly, 
 had recourfe to Apollo, whofehofthe had formerly 
 been. This god gave him a lion and a wild boar 
 tamed ready to his hands, which drew the chariot 
 of the princefs. Alcefta was afterwards accufed 
 of having a (hare in the murder of Pelias 5 upon 
 which account her brother Acaftiis went to war 
 with Admetus, took him prifoner, and was gorng 
 to punifh him for the daughter’s crime, when AU 
 cefta offered herfelf to the conqueror to fave her 
 hufband. However, Hercules, at the requeft of i 
 Admetus, purfued Acaftus beyond the river Ache- | 
 ron, defeated him, and took away Alcefta to ren- 
 der her back to her hufband. The fable fays, that 
 Alcefta aflually died to fave her hufoand, and that i 
 Hercules, meeting Death, fought with and con- 
 quered him, binding him In chains pf adamant till , 
 he had confented to reftore Alcefta to life. 
 
 Alci'des. Hercules was fo called from Alcasus, | 
 from whom he was defcended. 
 
 AlcPnoe, having kept back the wages of a poor wo-. J 
 man, was feverely pun idled by Diana, w^ho infpiied 
 her with fo great an affe61ion for a man named Xan- 
 thus, that die forfook her hufband and children to 
 follow him. She afterwards became fo Jealous of her | 
 lover, that out of grtef (he threw herfelf into the fea. | 
 
 Alci'nous, a king of the idand of Corftra, now | 
 Corfu, much commended for his ftri6l juftice by | 
 Orpheus, Ulyffes, being wrecked upon this idand, j;' 
 
A L 
 
 was entertained very honourably by him. He had j 
 an orchard very famous for choice fruits. 
 
 Alci'ppe, daughter of Mars, was beloved by Ally- . 
 rotheus fon of Neptune, who, not being able to pre- i 
 vail upon her by fair means, enjoyed her by force j j 
 upon which Mars flew him. 
 
 ALCis,a name given to Minerva by the Macedonians. 
 
 Alcme'ka, the daughter of Ele6lrion, and grand- 
 daughter of Perfeus, who married Amphitryon, 
 on condition that he revenged the death of her bro- 
 ther, whom the Thebans had (lain. While Am- 
 phitryon was engaged in the war, Jupiter enjoyed 
 her in her hufband’s fhape, from which commerce 
 Hercules proceeded ; for which reafon, flie wai ad- 
 vanced to the rank of a heroine, and had an altar 
 erected to her in the temple of Hercules. 
 
 A'lcmeon, fon of Amphiaraiisand Eriphyle, having 
 killed his mother by his father’s order, became a 
 vagabond} that is, he went about feeking fome one 
 that would expiate his crimes, according to the 
 cuflom of thofe times, that he might be delivered 
 from the furies that purfued him; that is, from a 
 guilty confcience. At length hecojifulted the oracle 
 on this account, who told him that he ihould not be 
 delivered till he had found a place the fun did not 
 fhme on when he committed the murder. Having 
 along time confidered what the oracle could mean, 
 
 , he thought of the ifland called Efchinides, lately 
 rifen out of the fea, wheie he went tor fettle. 
 
 Alcon, the fon of Ere61haeus, king of Athens, who 
 was fo fkilful in drawing the bow, that he flew 
 the dragon that was carrying off his fon, without 
 hurting the child. 
 
 A'lcyon, a giant, brother to Porphyreon, who flew 
 twenty - four foldiers oi' Hercules, and would have 
 killed this hero, but he received the Itroke on his 
 club, and flew the monfter with an arrow. Seven 
 young girls were fo fond of him, that when he 
 
 was 
 
A L 
 
 was killed they threw themfelves into the Tea, and 
 were changed into king-fifhers. 
 
 Alcy'one, the daughter of Atlas, one of the feven 
 Atlantides, who form the conltellation called the 
 Pleiades. 
 
 Alcy'one, the daughter of uSEolus, of the race of 
 Deucalion, married Ceix, King of Trachina. Hec 
 love for her hufband was fo great, that when Ceix 
 was /hipwrecked, Alcyone out of grief threw heifelf 
 into the fea, and was changed into a king-fiflier. 
 
 Alcy'one, the furname, according to Homer, of 
 Cleopatra, daughter of Idas and Marpefa, and 
 wife of Meleager. 
 
 Alcyo'neus, one of the moft formidable giants that 
 attacked Jupiter. The father of the gods com- 
 manded Hercules to deftroy him, and this hero 
 brought him to the ground feveral times with his 
 arrows ; but as foon as Alcyoneus touched the 
 earth, which was his mother, he recovered frefli 
 Srength, and became more terrible than before ; 
 upon which Hercules crulhed him to death in his 
 arms. Others fay, that Pallas came to the afUltance 
 of Hercules, and carried him above the orb of the 
 moon, where he died. 
 
 A'LEA)the furname of Minerva, given her by Aleus, 
 king of Arcadia. 
 
 Ale'cto, one of the three Furies, and daughter of 
 Acheron and Nox j this name fignifies Envy. 
 
 Alectr YOM a'nti A, a fort of divination by a cock. 
 
 Ale'ctrion, a young favourite of Mars, and con- 
 fident of his amours j being one day centinel at the 
 door where Mars was with Venus, he fell afleep^ 
 by which means Vulcan furprifed the two lovers. 
 Mars being enraged at his negligence, changed 
 hiin into a cock. 
 
 Alema'n n us, was the Hercules of the ancient Ger- 
 mans, and looked upon as the founder and father 
 of that nation. 
 
 A'leon, 
 
A L 
 
 A'leon, the fon of Atraeus, and one of" thofe called 
 Diofcures. 
 
 Alexa'nder, a name of Paris, the fon of Priam. 
 
 Alexia'ria, the daughter of Hercules and Hebe, 
 and goddefs of youth. 
 
 Alit^e'us, a furnameof Jupiter. 
 
 AlLOPROS A'LLOS,a name given by Homer to Mars. 
 
 Allyro't HEU s, the fon of Neptune, who, to be re- 
 venged of Minerva, for having vanqiiiflied his fa- 
 ther, determined to cut down all the olive trees that 
 grew about Athens, beca-ufe they were confecrated 
 lo that goddefsj but he was killed by the htlve of 
 the hatchet that flew off. 
 
 . A'loa, the feflivals of Ceres and Bacchus, kept after 
 the harveft. 
 
 Aloe^'us, a famous giant, fon of Titan and Terra, 
 whofe wife Iphimedia was raviflied by Neptune, 
 and had two fons by him called Aloidac. 
 
 A'LOCOS, a namegiven by theEgyptians to Typhon. 
 
 Alo'ides, two formidable giants in Homer, who 
 were the largeft and handfomeft men that were ever 
 feen. At nine years of age they were thirty flx 
 cubits high, and nine thick j and they grew every 
 year a cubit in thicknefs, and an ell in height. 
 Their prodigious bulk rendered them fo proud, 
 that they undertook to dethrone Jupiter 5 but they 
 were taken prlfoners by Mars, who bound them 
 in chains. They were afterwards deiive.ed by 
 Mercury j but at length were thrown into Tarta- 
 rus by Jupiter. 
 
 ATope, the daughter of Cercion, who had a child 
 by Vulcan. It is alfo the name of one of the Har- 
 pies. 
 
 Alphe'a, a name of Diana. 
 
 Alphe'us a famous river of Arcadia, which was 
 thought to run under ground crofs the fea into Si- 
 cily, to the fountain Arethufa. This they pre- 
 tended was confirmed by things that were thrown 
 
 inti> 
 
A M 
 
 into this river in Greece, and were found again in 
 that fountain. 
 
 Alphesiboe'a, the daughter of Phlegius, who mar- 
 ried Alcmeon,and received the famous necklace of 
 Eriphyle for a nuptlal.prefent ; but, bein^^ divorced 
 fome time after, die prevailed on her brothers to 
 revenge the alFront, who murdered her hnfbuad. 
 
 Alphia'sse, aname of Diana. 
 
 Alphitoma'ntia, a kind of divination with meal. 
 
 ALTHi^:'A, the daughter of Agenor, of the race of, 
 Deucalion, married Oeneus, king of the Ktolians. 
 and mother of Meleager. This young prince, being 
 obliged to go to war with his two uncles on the 
 mother’s fide, and having liain them, Althaea, out of 
 defpair for their death, made the molt dreadful, 
 imprecations againll her fon, and befought Pluto 
 and Prolerpine to take him out of the world, which 
 they did 5 but die afterwards died of grief. 
 
 Alyxa'thoe, a nymph and mother of -^facus, 
 whom die had by Prian\, by whom die was greatly 
 beloved. 
 
 Amalthe'a, is the name of the Goat that Aickled 
 Jupiter, who, out of gratitude, placed her among 
 the ftars, and is now the fign called Capricorn. 
 The Greeks pretended that they had one of her 
 horns, which had the virtue of producing whatever 
 they defired. This they called the horn of plenty. 
 There was alfo a fibyl of this name. 
 
 Ama'nus or Omanus, a god of the ancient Perfians, 
 fnppofed to l>e the fun or the everlafting fire which 
 they wordlipped. 
 
 Amari'nthia, a furname of Diana, taken from a 
 village of Euboe, where die was worfhipped. 
 
 Amathu'sia, a furname of Venus. 
 
 Ama'thia, one of the fifty Nereids, according to 
 Homer. 
 
 A'mazons, warlike women, fo called, who were 
 faid anciently to have poflefled a great part of Aha. 
 
 They 
 
A M 
 
 They fuffered no men to come among them, except 
 once a year, for the fake of pofterity. They killed 
 or maimed their male children, but brought up 
 their daughters, whofe right breaft they burnt, that 
 they might ufe the bow more commodioufly. They 
 :^re faid to have had bloody wars with their neigh* 
 b.ours j but were at length almoft deftroyed by Her- 
 cules, who took one of their queens prifoner. Many 
 authors make mention -of thefe women, and yet it is 
 DOW juftly doubted whether there were any fuch in 
 the world or not, 
 
 yiMAZO'Nius, a name of Apollo, given him on the 
 account of the afFiftance he had given againft the 
 Amazons. 
 
 Ambarva'lia, a feafl in honour of Ceres, celebrated 
 by the ancient Romans to obtain a good harvelt of 
 the gods. They facrificed a heifer according to 
 Virgil, but Tibullus fays, a lamb, which was car- 
 ried three times in procefTion about their grounds. 
 This ftftival was generally kept at the time of the 
 harveft, and fometimes when the product of the 
 earth was in danger. It was fomatimes celebrated 
 at Rome, and the priefts who performed the cere- 
 monies were called the arval brothers. 
 
 Ambi'tion, a Roman deity, who had a temple at 
 Rome. She was reprefented with wings on her 
 back, and naked feet. 
 
 Ambro'sia, a daughter of Atlas, and one of the 
 Hyades. 
 
 Ambro'sia, the food of the gods, of which if any 
 one tailed he became immortal. 
 
 Ambu'lti, a name given to Jupiter, Minerva, and 
 the Tyndarides. It fignifies prolongation, for they 
 thought thefe gods prolonged life. 
 
 AmburbaTia, were feftivals celebrated at Rome> 
 by making proceflions round the city. 
 
 Amil'car, a Carthaginian general^ whom t^ey 
 
A M 
 
 placed among the gods, and ere^led monuments to 
 his honour. 
 
 Amizo'Dar, a king of part of Lycia, had a wife 
 called Chimera, whofe two brothers were called die 
 Lion and the Dragon, becaufe they murdered all 
 thofe that fell into their hands'. 
 
 Ammon, a name of Jupiter, under which he was 
 worfliipped in Lybia, where he had a famous tem- 
 ple. Some fuppofe him to be the fun, becaufe this 
 word, in the Phoenician language, fignihes hot or 
 burning. He was woidhipped under the figure of a 
 ram, according to Lucan : but there are medals on 
 which he is feen in the fliape of a man, only there 
 are two horns of a ram, placed a little above his 
 ears. The ftatue of Jupiter Ammon was a fort of 
 clock- wofk figure which made hgns with its head. 
 
 Ammon, the fon of Cinyras, Vv'ho married Myrrha, 
 by whom he had a fon called Adonis. Cinyras 
 having drank to excefs, and expofed himfelf in.an 
 indecent pofture before his daughter-in law ; flie 
 made herfilf merry with it before her hufband# 
 Ammon told his father of this when he was fober, 
 which made Cinyras very angry, and he curfed her 
 and his grandfon, and turned them out of his 
 houfe. Myrrha and her fon withdrew into Arabia, 
 and Ammon into Egypt, where he died j however, 
 the poets tell this ftory different ways. 
 
 A'mpelos, afamous promontory of the ifle of Samos. 
 There was alfo a city of that name in Crete, another 
 in Macedonia, and another of Lybia. It was like- 
 wife the name of a pried of Bacchus. 
 
 Ampelu'sia, the name of a promontory of Africa, in 
 Mauritania, where there was a cavern confecrated 
 to Hercules.. 
 
 Amphiaraus, was the fon of Apollo and Hyperm- 
 ueftra. Eriphyle, his wife, being bribed by agold, 
 bracelet, told Polynices the place where he was hid, 
 to avoid going to the war of Thebes, where he 
 E WQuid 
 
AM 
 
 would certainly die. Sitting at table with the , 
 chiefs of the army, an eagle carried away his 
 lance, and let it fail in a place where it was con- 
 verted into a laurel 5 the next day the earth opened i 
 under him, and he was fwallowed up alive. Onjtd. >' 
 
 Amphi'damas, the fon o< Bufiris, king of Egypt, 
 was offered to Hercules on the fame altar that his 
 father had facrificed all llrangers that he could get 
 into Jiis poffeffion, 
 
 AmphiMEDON, the fon of Melantheus, one of the 
 lovers of Penelope, who was flain by her fon Tele- i 
 machus. 
 
 Amphi'nome, the mother of Jafon, the chief of the i 
 Argonauts j fhe killed herlelf on account of the 
 long abfence of her fon, who was gone in the ex- 
 pedition of the Golden Fleece. Aifo, the name of 
 one of the fifty Nereides, according to Homer. 
 
 A'mphion, the fon of Jupiter, by Antiope, the 
 queen of Thebes. He built the walls of that 
 city with the harmony of his lyre. He waged 1 
 war with the Teleboans, whom he vanquiihed by 
 the means of Cornetho, daughter of Pteleras, their i 
 king; from whom fhe cut the, golden hair on 1 
 which the deftiny of Thebes depended. During v 
 this war Jupiter abufcd Alcmena in the fhape of ' 
 Amphitryon ; this prince invaded the kingdom of 
 Thebes, became formidable to all his neighbours, j 
 and puni/hed Cornetho for her treachery. 
 
 AmphitrIte, the daughter of Nereus or Oceanus, 
 by the nymph Doris, with whom Neptune fell in 
 love; but fhe, defirous to continue a virgin, fled l 
 from him, and hid herfelf ; whereupon he fent two i 
 dolphins, who found her by mount Atlas, and per- ; 
 fuaded her to marry Neptune ; and having con- 
 veyed her to him in a car, in form of a fliell, he 
 on her begat Triton. She is fometimes taken for 
 the fea by the poets. 
 
 Ampiu- 
 
 j 
 
A M 
 
 Amphitr YONjthegrandfon of Pevfeus, having killed 
 Ele6lrio, the king of Micenae, by miftake, was ob- 
 liged to fly and retire to Thebes, where he mar- 
 ried his coidin Alcmena. During the war with 
 the Teleboans, his wife brought Hercules into the 
 world } and, as the long abfence of her hulband 
 might caufe the virtue of the wife to be fafpe6led, 
 it was given out that Jupiter was the father ; and 
 that he, to deceive Alcmena, had affumed the lhape 
 of her hulhand, 
 
 Amphrysius, a river of Theflfaly, on the banks of 
 which Apollo kept the flocks of Admetus, and 
 where he flea’d the fatyr Marfyas alive : it was 
 there he was in love with Evadne, Lycoris, and 
 Hyacinthus 5 which laft he killed by chance when 
 they were playing at quoits. 
 
 AmuTius, the brother of Numitor ; who entering 
 the prifon of Rhea Sylvia, a veftal virgin, enjoyed 
 her 5 and flie became the mother of Remus and 
 Romulusc Some fay, that that virgin was his 
 daughter, and that flie had the twins by a foldier : 
 but, however that be, Amulius, became a title of 
 the god Mars. 
 
 A'mycla, one of the daughters of Niobe : whom, if 
 is faid, Latona pardoned, as well as her After Meli- 
 boea. See Niobe. 
 
 Amy'cus, fon of Neptune, king of the Bebrycians. 
 As alfo one of the principal Centaurs. Likewife 
 a companion of H^neas. There was likewife an- 
 other of that name, brother to Hippolyta, queen of 
 the Amazons ; who oppofing the palTage of Her- 
 cules, who came to wage war with his After, he 
 was llain by that hero. 
 
 Amye'lius, a name of Apollo, taken from the city 
 Amyclae, in Laconia, where he had a famous tem- 
 ple. This is the name alfo of another Grecian 
 god, who had a temple and altars i but Paufanlas, 
 E z who 
 
A N 
 
 who takes notice of this does not inform us any 
 farther about him. 
 
 ^mymo'ne, one of the fifty Danaides ; fibe mar- 
 ried Enceladus,- and killed him the firft night of 
 their nuptials, in purfiiance of her father’s order j 
 but, feeling a remorfe of confcience, (lie retired into 
 a wood 5 where, intending to fhoot a deer, (lie 
 wounded a fatyr, that purfued her, who, there- 
 upon, ran violently to ravifii her 5 but the, imploring 
 the help of Neptune, was delivered by him, but 
 fufFered from him what file only apprehended from 
 the fatyr, and brought forth Naiiplius. Strabo. 1 . 8. 
 
 Amy^ntas, a name of feveral Macedonian kings ; 
 the grandfather of Alexander the Great 5 and the 
 name of a fiiepherd. 
 
 Amy'nto r, king of the Dolopes, a people of Epi- 
 rus ; who was killed by Hercules forrefufing him 
 a pafiage through his country. There was another 
 Amyntor, fon of -^gyptus j who was killed by 
 bis wife the firft night of her nuptials. 
 
 Ana'creon, a lyric poet 3 whofe life and poems 
 are ftill extant. 
 
 Ana^ctes, feftivals celebrated in honour of Caftor \ 
 and Pollux. The Athenians, as Plutarch informs j 
 us, v/ere charmed with the moderation of thefe ‘j 
 two princes 5 becaufe after he had taken the city of J 
 Aphidnae, to revenge the injury done to his fifter, j 
 punifiied none but thofe who had a ftiare in it. j 
 
 ANi^'xis or Anaites, a furname of the moon, ] 
 given to it by the Perfians 5 who, as Srabo informs ] 
 us, had feveral temples dedicated to this deity, j 
 They confecrated the Haves to her, as well men as 1 
 women-} but what is more ftrange, they proftituted I 
 their daughters publickly to her honour} which, i 
 however, did not hinder their marriage. 
 
 Anai'dia, a word which fignifies impudence } was ) 
 had in honour by the Athenians, who ere6fed an 
 altar for her fervice. 
 
 An a’pup 
 
A N 
 
 Ana^pus, a river of Sicily. Ovid, 
 
 ' Ana'scis, the fon of Caftor and Phoebe, had a fta- 
 tue at Corinth, ere6led in the temple, built in ho- 
 nour of his father. 
 
 Anau'rus, a fmail river in' ThefTaly, arifing in 
 Mount Pelion. Lucan, 
 
 An AX, the fon of Titan and Terra, from whom 
 Miletus was formerly called AnaCloria. This 
 name was anciently given to feveral remarkabk 
 perfons, it having been of the greateft honour. 
 
 Anaxa'bia, a nymph who difappeared in the tem- 
 ple of Diana, where /he came for refuge to avoid 
 the puni/hment of Apollo. 
 
 Anaxa'goras, a philofopher, who denied the ex- 
 iftence of the gods. Jupiter complains in Lucian, 
 that, having darted a thunderbolt at Anaxagoras, 
 Pericles had altered its dire6lion, caufing it to fall 
 on the temple of Caftor and Pollux, which reduced 
 it to a/hes. 
 
 Anaxa'ndra, a woman that was placed among the 
 Heroines of Greece, and had an altar ere6led to her 
 honour in Attica. 
 
 Anaxa'rete, a nymph of the ifland of Cyprus, 
 for whofe unkindnefs her love Iphis hanged him- 
 felf at her door 5 whom (he looked upon vv’ith un- 
 concern, and was turned into a ftone. 
 
 AnCt^'us, kingof Arcadia, one of the Argonauts. 
 A /lave of his, being over-worked in his vineyard, 
 told him he /hould drink none of the wine. But 
 Ancseus laughed at this prediflion, and can fed a 
 cup of it to be brought immediately, and told him 
 he was a falfe prophet. Not yet, replied the /lave, 
 for many things fall out between the cup and the 
 lip. Juft then he was informed that a wild boar 
 had broke into his vineyard 5 upon which he fet 
 down the cup, ran into the vineyard, and was flaiu 
 by the boar, 
 
 E 3 Anchi'ses^ 
 
AN I 
 
 Anchi^ses, a Trojan prince of the family of Priam, 
 was fon of Capys, and father of ^neas, by the 
 goddefs Venus. In his youth, he fed cattle at the 
 foot of mount Ida. After the burning of Troy, 
 he could not fly from the city, on account of his 
 age 5 and therefore -®neas carried him on his 
 back. He bore his houfehold gods along with hiin, ■ 
 and died in Sicily, where his fon ere6led a magni- i 
 flcent tomb to his memory. 
 
 Anci'lia, were facred bucklers, which were former- 
 ly kept in the temple of Mars. They were carried 
 in proceflion every year about Rome in March, and 
 on the laft day of that month they were depofited i 
 therein again. 
 
 Andro'clea, one of the daughters of Antipoinusj 
 who, with her lifter Heroclea, facrificcd their lives 
 for the good of their country. 
 
 Andro'geos, the fon of Minos, king of Crete. 
 He was flain by the Athenians and Megarians. 
 becaufe he was fuperior to them in aftivity, Minos, 
 to be revenged on thefe people, obliged them tc 
 expofe every year feven young maids, and fever 
 young men, to the cruelty of the Minotaur, to fervt 
 him for food. 
 
 ANDRO'GUN.ffi, a people of Africa, who were faic 
 to be Hermaphrodites. 
 
 Andro'mache, the daughter of Eetion, king o 
 Thebes, wife of Iie6lor, and mother of Aftyanax* 
 After the liege of Troy, Ihe fell to the ftiare o 
 Pyrrhus, who took her into Epirus, and marriec 
 her. Pyrrhus being dead, Ihe married Helenus 
 fon of Priam. This widow was fo fond of Heflori 
 that Ihe was always talking of him, and Ihe ere61e( : 
 a magnificent tomb for him in Epirus, whicl 
 caufed a great deal of jealoufy and unealinefs t< 
 thofe that married 
 
 Andrq' 
 
A N 
 
 ANDRO'MEDA,thedaughterof Cepheus and Cafliope, 
 king and queen of Ethiopia, who was fo rajh a$ 
 to think herfelf more beautiful than Juno and the 
 Nereides. Juno, by way of punifhment, condemn- 
 ed Andromeda to be chained to a rock by the Ne^ 
 reides, and expofed naked, in order to be devoured 
 by a fea monfter 5 but Perfeus moiinted on the horie 
 Pegafus, as he was pafllng by, faw Andromeda in 
 this condition, and the monfter appearing, he 
 lliew’ed him the head of Medufa, which turned him 
 to ftone ; upon which the princefs was rendered 
 back to her father, who married her to Perfeus* 
 
 Ane'motis, one of the names of Pallas. 
 
 A'ngelo, the daughter of Jupiter and Juno, who 
 was faid to have ftolen her mother’s cofmetic, to 
 make a prefent of it to Europa. She made ufe of it 
 with fuch fuccefs, that ftie became extremely fair* 
 
 Angero'na, the goddefs of fiience. 
 
 Ani'grides, were nymphs, who inhabited the 
 banks of the river Anigrus, in Peloponnefus. They 
 had a cave where thofe afR 16 led with a leprofy, gr 
 any other cutaneous difeafe, entered, and facrificed 
 to thefe nymphs ; after which they fwam over the 
 river, and left all their impurities behind them. 
 
 Ani'tus, a name of Diana, under which die was 
 worftiipped at Ecbetana, according to Plutarch. 
 
 A'nius, king of the illand of Delos, and high- 
 prieft of Apollo j from whom Agamemnon carried 
 off his four daughters, 
 
 Anna, the fifter of Pygmalion and Dido, followed 
 her filter into Africa. After the death of Dido, 
 die retired to Maltha, from whence Pygmalion 
 w'ould have carried her away 5 but die got fafe into 
 Italy. However, Lavinia, the wife of ^neas, con- 
 trived her death j v.'hereof being informed by her 
 fifter in a dream, the ded to the river Numicius, 
 and fo d^e became a nymph, 
 
 Anna 
 
A N 
 
 Anna Perenna^ v as a good country- wcman, who 
 carried cakes to the Roman people when they had 
 retired into mount Aventine j in acknowledgment 
 of which, die was in high efteem ever after, and, 
 according to Varro, had feftivals inftituted to her 
 honour, on the ides of March, He places her in 
 the fame rank v/ith Pales and Ceres. 
 
 Anta'ndros, a city and port of Phrygia, where 
 ^neas embarked. 
 
 Ant^'us, a famous giant, fon of Neptune, and 
 Terra ; he lived in a defert, defigning to maffacre 
 nil pafiengers, becaufe he had made a vow to build 
 a temple to Neptune with human fkulls, Her- 
 cules fought with this giant, ahd threw him on 
 the ground three times to no purpofe j for Terra, 
 his mother, gave him frefh ftienglh as oft as he 
 touched her; wherefore the hero lifted him up, 
 and crufiied him to death. 
 
 Ante'noRj a Trojan prince, who was faid to have 
 hetVayed his country, becaufe he concealed UiyfTes 
 In his houfe. It is pretended, that, after the fiege 
 of Troy, he built a city now called Padua. Homer, 
 Virg iL 
 
 A'nteROS, a god that punifhed flighted love. He 
 is fuppofed to be the fon of Mars and Venus. Mars 
 perceiving that Cupid did not grow, he demanded 
 the reafon of Themis, who told him it was becaufe 
 he had not a companion ; upon which (he gave 
 him Anteros, with wdiom Cupid began to grow, 
 They are reprefented like two children, with wings 
 on their flioulders, and gathering the branch of a 
 palm-tree. 
 
 ANTfcLE>, the mother of Ulyffes. It is faid that 
 iCaertes going to nrtarry her, flie was furprifed by 
 Syfipivas, and ravilhed. 
 
 A^ti- 
 
A O 
 
 Anticy^ra,' a famous Ifland where hellebore was 
 plenty j it is near the city of Peloponnefus. 
 
 An ti'gone, daughter of OEdipus, king of Thebes, 
 and Jocafta his mother. As fhe was going to pay 
 her laft duty to Polynices, her brother, contrary 
 to the orders of Creon, fhe vyas condemned to be 
 ftarved to death in a prifon j but fhe ftrangled her- 
 felf, and Haemon, who was to have married hei, 
 killed himfelf on her body. 
 
 Anti'lochus, the fon of Neflor and Eurydlce, ac- 
 companied his father to the fiege of Troy, and was 
 killed by Memnon, in parrying the blow that was 
 aimed at his father. 
 
 Anti'nous, a young man, favourite of the Emperor 
 Adrian, who beingdrowned in the Nile, that prince 
 placed hirn in the rank of the gods, and built a 
 city to his honour, calling it Antinopolis, and in 
 it a magnificent temple. It is alfo the name of 
 one of Penelope’s fuitors. 
 
 AntPote, the daughter of Ni^leus, kiriig of Thebes, , 
 who was celebrated throughout all Greece for her 
 beauty, according to Paufanias. She was carried 
 away by Epopgeus, king of Sycione, who after- 
 w’ards married her. This princefs, after the death 
 of her father, fell into the hands of her brother 
 Lycus, who brought her back to Thebes, where 
 fhe was delivered of Zethus and Amphion. This 
 is alfo a name of a queen of the Amazons, who 
 married Thefeus, and had a fon by him called 
 Hippolytus. 
 
 Anti'phates, king of the Lseftrigons, who w^ere 
 faid to be cannibals. JunjenaK 
 
 Anu'bis, a god of the Egyptians, worfhipped in the 
 fhape of a dog. 
 
 Ao'nia, the hilly part of Boeotia. 
 
 Ao'nides, a name of the Mufes, on account of the 
 fountain Aone, v/hich was confecrated to them. 
 
 Ao^rnuj?, 
 
A P 
 
 Ao^rnus, a poifonous lake of Campania, called alH ? 
 Avernus. 
 
 Apatu'ria, a name of Pallas, to whom virgin \ 
 before marriage confecrated their girdles. 
 
 AppenN -'nus, a ridge of high hills parting Italy 
 through the middle of the whole length of it, fron 
 the Alps, almoft between Tyrene and the Adriati i 
 fea; they extend almoft fix hundred miles. 
 
 Aphe'a, a deity worshipped by the Cretans. Pinda 
 compofed an ode to her honour, who had a tempi 
 in the Ifle of Crete. 
 
 Aphrodi'te, the Greek name of Venus. 
 
 Apis, die fon of Jupiter, by Niobe j he was kin 
 of the Argives, and married Ifis, the daughter o 
 Inacus. He pafled into Egypt, where he civilizes 
 the inhabitants, teaching them to fow corn an 
 plant vines ; upon which they made him thei 
 king, and worfliipped him after his death in th 
 form of an ox. A fymbol of husbandry. 
 
 Apo'llo, fon of Jupiter and Latona, and brothe 
 of Diana ; they called him Phoebus in heaven, be 
 caufe he condu6led the chariot of the Ain, drawi 
 by four horfes. He was efteemed the god of poe 
 try, mufic, and the liberal arts. He put himfel 
 at the head of the nine Mufes, and dwelt with ther. 
 on the mounts Parnaflus, Helicon, Pierus, th 
 banks of Hippocrene and Permeflus, where th 
 winged horfe Pegafus generally fled. Jupiter hav j 
 ing killed ^fculapius with a thunderbolt, becaulj 
 he had raifed Hippolytus from the dead, Apoll i 
 killed the Cyclops, becaufe they had furnifhed hir 
 with bolts 5 upon this he was driven out of heaven j 
 and during his exile, he retired to Admetus, kin; I 
 of Theflaly, whofe flocks he kept when Mercur i 
 came to fteal fome away 5 and when he look < 
 cd for his bow and arrows to Shoot the thief, h ] 
 
 perj 
 
■ A 
 
 f perceived they were gone. After this, not know- 
 I ing what to do, he went with Neptune to make 
 I bricks, with which Laomedon built the walls of 
 t Troy, but received no reward. When the waters 
 / of Deucalion’s flood were retired, he killed the fer- 
 pent Pithon (geneiated out of the mud) which 
 ravaged the country. The fkin of this animal 
 ; ferved to cover the tripod on which Pythonifla fat 
 to give her oracles. The moft famous places where 
 they w'ere delivered, were at Delphos, Delos> 
 C^aros, Tenedos, Cyrrha, and Patara. His moft 
 fnperb and famous temple was at Delphos. His 
 niiftrefles were Hyacinths, Liicothoe, Cyparis, 
 Clitia, and many others. One day as he purfued 
 ’ Daphne, and not being able to overtake her, he 
 changed her into a laurel. The cock, the hawk, 
 and the olive-tree^ were confecrated to him 5 be- 
 caufe thofe of whom he was amorous were changed 
 I into thofe things. He is generally painted with 
 ' a lyre in his hand or near him, and fitting on a car 
 drawn by four horfes prancing along the Zodiac. 
 Ai»o'MYUS,a furnamegiven to Jupiter by the Elseans, 
 in memory of his having driven away the flies that 
 incommoded them. 
 
 f\.POSTRo'pHiA, a furname of Venus. 
 
 ^p OT H e'o sis, was a ceremony performed by the Ro- 
 mans, when they were defirous of placing their 
 emperors in the rank of gods 5 after which they 
 erected temples and altars to their honours. 
 AlPpPades, is a name of Pallas and Venus, becaufit 
 they had a temple near the Appian waters, at 
 Rome. Onjid. 
 
 Aqua'rius, one of the twelve figns of the Zodiac. 
 A^ilo, a boifterous wind, and extremely cold. 
 The poets fay he was the fon of -SEolus and Auro- 
 ra, and that he had the tail of a ferpent, and white 
 hair. 
 
 Ara'ch 
 
" A R 
 
 Ara'chne, a curious embroiderer, who had the 
 boldnefs to challenge Minerva in making a piece 
 of tapeftry. That goddefs, offended with her rafti- 
 nefs, broke her looms, and changed her into a 
 fpider. 
 
 Ar AC Y^NTHUS, a city of Boeotia, It is alfo the 
 name of a mountain in Greece 
 
 Arbitra'^tor., a name of Jupiter, who had a por- 
 tico erected at Rome, with five columns, under the 
 name of Jupiter Arbitrator. 
 
 Arca'dia, a part of Peloponnefus, where there is 
 excellent.pafture. 
 
 Arcas, the fon of Jupiter and Califto, who gave 
 his name to Arcadia-: this country is exceedingly 
 
 * famous for the many fables it occafioned, and in 
 which were affes of a moft extraordinary lize. The 
 god Pan was more honoured than any other, be* 
 caufe he was faid never to go out of it. Arcas 
 being grown up, he was prefentfed by the hunters to 
 Lycaon his uncle, who received him with joy, and 
 who afterwards, to try the power of Jupiter, ferved 
 him up at a feaft when that god was his gueft, 
 Jupiter, looking with horror on fodeteftable a trial, 
 changed Lycaon into a wolf, and Arcas into a 
 bear, who was placed in heaven near his mother, 
 Onjid. Met am, 
 
 Arche'moru5, fon of Lycurgus, king of Nemaea, 
 Being placed upon a parfley plant by his nurfe, 
 while fhe went to fliew a fountain to the princes 
 who were going to befiege Thebes, he was bit by 
 a ferpent, that the princes killed ; upon which a 
 fountain rofe out of the ground beneath Archemo- 
 rus, whom they took along with them, and infti- 
 tuted the Nemaean games in memory of this ac- 
 cident, which were celebrated every three years. 
 The conquerors put themfelves in mourning, and 
 were crowned with parfley. 
 
 A&chi 
 
A R 
 
 Archig a'llus, was the name of the hlgh-prlel^ j 
 
 of Cybele. He was commonly of a great family, | 
 
 and was cloathed like a woman. | 
 
 Archi'tis, the name of Venus, who was worfhip- y 
 ped in mount Libanus. ) 
 
 Archon, was the name of the chief maglftrate at 
 Athens, who performed the office of a high-prieft. ‘i 
 A'rcul us, a Roman god who prefided over cafiles, 
 fortifications, and arlenals. ; 
 
 Arda'lides, a furname of the Mnfes, taken from 
 Ardulus, fon of Vulcan, who held him in great 
 honour. " 
 
 Areopa'gus, a famous tribunal at Athens, fo ^ 
 called, becaufe the firft canfe tried there was that ; 
 of Mars 5 for Ares in Greek is the fame as Mars 
 in Latin. 
 
 Arethu's A, the companion of Diana, who was me- 
 tamorphofed into a fountain when fhe fled from 
 Alpheus. It was fhe that difcovered the i-^pe of 
 Proferpine to Ceres. Her waters run in Sicily,* aad 
 are mixed with thofe of Alpheus. Q^id, Metarn. 
 Arg^/us, the fon of Licimniiis, was carried away 
 by Hercules, who promifed his father to bring him i 
 back ; but the young man dying in the journey, * 
 Hercules burnt his body and reduced it to afhes, i 
 which he brought back to his fathei’. It is laid ^ 
 this is the firlf inffanceof burning dead bodies. ^ 
 
 A'rgea, a feftival celebrated by the Veftal virgins J 
 every year on the ides of May, during which they 
 threw into the Tiber human figures made of ' 
 rufhes. 
 
 A'rgia, the daughter of Adraftus and wife of Po- .3 
 
 iynices, whofe body fhe went to feek with Anti- 5* 
 
 gone to pay him her lafl duty : this irritated Creon | 
 fojnuch that he killed them both, and Argia was 
 metajnorphofed into a fountain of that name. 
 
 F ARGFvr, 1 
 
AR 
 
 Arg^'vi, the inhabitants of Argos, a city of Greecce 
 
 Argo, the name of the ihip in which the Argo« 
 nauts failed to bring away the Golden Fleece. It 
 is faid to be the firft veflel that ever failed upon the 
 fea. It was called Argo, from Argus, a famous 
 archite 6 l, who built it of the oaks of Dodona’s 
 fored. 
 
 A’'r.golis, a province of Peloponnefus. 
 
 Argon, fon of Alcaeus, and one of the Heraclides. 
 
 Argonauts, the princes of Greece, fo called, who 
 undertook to conquer the Golden-Fleece, and for 
 that purpofe made a voyage in the fhip Argo. It 
 is faid they were fifty-two in number, exclufive of 
 their attendants. Jafon was the promoter of this 
 enterprife, and was acknowledged as chief. The 
 time of this event is faid to be thirty- five years 
 before the fiege of Troy. 
 
 Argo'reus, a furname of Mercury, who had a 
 ftatue at Phares in Achias, which was faid to give 
 oracles. 
 
 Argos, a famous city of Peloponnefus, whofe tu- 
 telar goddefs was Juno 5 it is fometimes put for 
 Greece in general. 
 
 Argus, fon of Ariftor, faid by the poets to have 
 an hundred eyes, whereof fifty were always open 
 while the others flepU Juno trufted him with the 
 keeping of lo, who had been turned into a cow j 
 but Mercury piped him to deep with his flute, and 
 then killed him. Juno after his death changed 
 him into a peacock. There was another Argus, 
 a famous aichite<5l, fon of Polybius, who invented 
 the fhip Argo. And another, the fon of Jupiter 
 and Niobe, who reigned at Argos, and firft tilled 
 the lands of Greece. ^ 
 
 Argy'ra, a nymph of ThefTaly, who was very fond 
 of her hufband SelimnuS; and was no Icfs beloved 
 
A R 
 
 by him. This laft being almoft withered away with 
 grief, Venus changed the one into a river, and the 
 other into a fountain, which, bice Alpheus and 
 Arethufa, mingle their watef s : however, at length 
 Selimnus forgot Argyra, and from that time nad* 
 the virtue of curing thofe in love, when they eN 
 ther drank or bathed in his waters. 
 
 Aria'dne, datighter of Minos, King of Crete : flic 
 was fo flruck with the charms of Thefeus', who 
 was going to be devoured by the Minotaur, that 
 ibe gave hirri a bail of thread, by which means he 
 got out of the labyrinth after he had var.quiflied 
 that monfter. She ran away with him, but he 
 abandoned her, and left her on a rock m the ifle 
 of Naxos, where, after bewailing her misfortune 
 for fome time, flie became the priefteis of Bac- 
 chus. O^idn 
 
 A^i'ciAy a princefs of the blood royal at Athens, 
 and the only remains of the unhappy family of the 
 Pallatides, whofe kingdom Thefeus had ufurped.- 
 A fmall town of Latium was called after her 
 name, and was built by Hippolytus in the Appian 
 way, ten miles from Rome. 
 
 A'ries, one of the twelve figns of the Zodiac. See 
 Pbryxus. 
 
 Ari'on, the name of 'one of the horfes of Adraftus, 
 which was faid to be the fon of Neptune and 
 Ceres, or of the wind Zephyr and a Harpy. He 
 was brought up by the Nereides, and fometimes 
 drew the car of Neptune. He had the feet of a 
 man, and the ufe of fpeech, as authors pretend. 
 
 Ari'on, a famous mufician, who being in a fliip, 
 the failors were going to kill him for his money j 
 when he begged leave before he died to play a tune 
 upon his lute, at the found of which the dolphins 
 locked round the veflel j upon which he threw 
 F a him- 
 
A R 
 
 bimfelf into the Tea, and one of thefe dolphins 
 carried him on fliore : he got to the habitation of 
 Periander, who lent in fcearch.of thefe pirates, 
 moft of whom were I'cverely puniflied. Herodotus. 
 
 Aristje'us, fon of Apollo and Gyrene. He was 
 greatly in love with Eiirydice, who, flying from 
 him on the day of her marriage with Orpheus, 
 was bit by a ferpent and died immediately. The 
 nymphs, grieved at this misfortune, killed all the 
 bees of Ariflaeus. His mother advifed him to con- 
 fult Proteus, who counfelled him to appeafe the 
 manes of Eurydice, by facrificing four bulls and 
 four heifers, out of the entrails of which proceed^ 
 ed feveral fwarms of bees. Ariflaeus was reckoned 
 a god after his death, and appeared feveral times 
 to the fliepherds, who built temples to his honour. 
 Virgil. 
 
 Ariste'nes, a goat-herd that lived on mount TiU 
 thion, near Epidauriis. One day as he was count- 
 ing his goats, he miffed one, together with his 
 dog ; and going to feek them, he found the goat 
 employed in fuckling a child. He was going to 
 carry it away, but as foon as be drew near it, it 
 v/as furrounded with light, from which he ima- 
 gined there was fomething fupernatiiral in the cafe. 
 It happened to be ./Tfculapius, whom Coronis had 
 been delivered of in this place. 
 
 Ari'us, one of the principal Centaurs, who fought 
 wiih the Lapithae. 
 
 Arma'ta, a furname of Venus, fo called by the 
 Eacedaemonians, becaufe her image was reprefent- 
 ed in armour.. 
 
 Armilu'stri A, a feftival celebrated by the Ro- 
 mans in the held of Mars, on the nineteenth day 
 of 06 lober, in which they offered facrifices for 
 the profperity of the arms of the Roman'empire. 
 
 Aris- 
 
A R f 
 
 Aristom^'n Es, a very cruel tyrant, who facri- J 
 ficed three hundred men in one day, I 
 
 Arna» a princefs of Athens. She was metamor- \ 
 phoftd into an owl, for defigning to betray her 
 country in favour of Minos. 
 
 APvNus, a famous foothfayer, who went to Nau- Ij 
 pafte, and was taken for a fpy by a grandfon of 
 Hercules, and flain j upon w'hich the plague began 
 to rage among the inhabitants, and the Oracle, be- 
 ing conTalteJ, anfwered, that they muft expiate 
 the death of Arnus, by banifhing the murderer, 
 and inftitiiting funeral games to the honour of the 
 deceafed, which was according done. 
 
 Arri'chion, the name of a famous wreftler. 
 
 A'rripke, one of Diana’s nymphs, of great beau- 
 ty, who was raviflied by Tmoliis, king of Lydia, 
 at the foot of one of Diana’s altars j upon which 
 file killed heiTelf, Tmolus was afterw^ards tofled 
 by a bull, and was thrown upon pointed ftakes, 
 where be died mlferabiy. 
 
 Arsa'ces, the founder of the Parthian empire, 
 who after his death was place<lainong the ilars, as 
 fome pretend. 
 
 Arsi'noc, the daughter of Nicocreon. She was 
 ^"beloved of Arceophon, who died of grief, becaufe 
 he was not able to pleafe her. She looked upon 
 his funeral with unconcern 5 therefore Venus 
 changed her into a flint. 
 
 Arsi'noH, a city of Egypt, feated near the Lake 
 Moeris, whole inhabitants held crocodiles in great ‘ 
 veneration. 
 
 Arsi'wop, the daughter of Ptolomasus Lagus, who 
 married Ptolomaeus Philadelphus, his brother. She 1 
 died vejy young, and her hufband, to preferve her ? 
 memory, built a temple to her honour. Pliny af- . 
 Arms, that the roof of the temple wa*S made of a 
 ioadltone, by which her ftatue was fufpended. 
 
 F 3 A^ete- j- 
 
 « 
 
A S 
 
 A^rtemis, the name of the Delphic Sibyl, 
 
 Arva'leSi a fociety of twelve men, who were call- 
 ed Brothers. They preiided over the facrihces 
 offered to Ceres for the fruits of the earth. They 
 celebrated their feaft twice a year, making a pro- 
 ceflion round the corn. 
 
 Aru'n TICES, a man whodefpifed the feaft of Bac- 
 chus, and who was punifhed by that god, by 
 making him drink fo much wine that he loft his 
 reafon, and abufed his own daughter Mediilina, 
 who was fo exafperated that flie killed her unhap- 
 py father. 
 
 Asca'laphus, the Ton of Acheron and Nox, who, 
 difcovei ing that Proferpine had eaten fruit in hell, J 
 hindered her return, and was in revenge by her \ 
 turned into an owl, a bird which fvlineiva took i 
 under her protetSfion. Jupiter had promifed that ‘ 
 Proferpine fhould return back to the light again, i 
 upon condition file did not eat any thing in the j 
 (hades below. ! 
 
 Asca'laphus, one of the Grecian captains, who \ 
 conducted the Boeotians in thirty (hips to the fiege i 
 of Troy. I 
 
 Asca'nius, or JuLus, the only fon of ^neas and J 
 Creufa. He was carried very young by his father 1 
 into Latium, where he founded the city of Alba. 
 
 Ascle'pia, a feft’val in honour of Bacchus, which 
 was celebrated throughout all Greece, efpecially 
 in Epidaurus. It is alfo the name of another 
 feftival in honour of .<$)fculapius. 
 
 Asco'lia, a feaft at Athens, wherein the rufticks 
 uftd to hop over goat* (kins ftuft and made glib i 
 with oil, which often made them fall, to the fport i 
 of the by-ftanders. This fea(t was inftituted to j 
 the honour of Bacchus. 
 
 A'sia, was a nymph, daughter of Oceanus and : 
 Thetis, and wife of Japet. She gave her name 
 to one of the four parts of the world. Firgil. 
 
 There ! 
 
A S 
 
 There was a^fo a mar/h or pond of that name in Ly- 
 bia, where, among a vaft quantity of water fowls^ 
 there was a great nifmberof cranes. 
 
 Aso'pus, fon of Oceanus and Thetis, was chang- 
 ed into a river by Jupiter whom he deligned to 
 make war againft, becaufe that god had abufed his 
 daughter ^gina. 
 
 AsphaTion, the name of Neptune, to whom the 
 Rhodians built a temple, in an ifland lately rifen 
 out of the fea. 
 
 Assa'r.acus, the fon of Tros, and father of Capis* 
 
 Asta'rte, a great goddcfs of the Syrians, under 
 which name they worlhipped the moon. 
 
 Asteria, the daughter of Cceus, the fon of Titan, 
 on whom Jupiter begat Hercules in the form of an 
 eagle ; but being afterwards angry with her, the 
 gods turned her into a quail 
 
 Asteria, the daughter of Hydaeus, was beloved 
 of Bellerophon, by whom (lie became mother of 
 Hydes, the founder of the city of HydifTus, in Caria, 
 
 AsTy'achus, fon of iEolus, god of the winds, who 
 reigned after his father in the Liparian illands. 
 
 Asty'ages, the laft king of the Medes. It is fajd 
 while his daughter Mandana, who was married 
 to Cambyfes, was with child, he dreamt he faw 4 
 vine proceeding from her womb, that fpread itfelf 
 all over Afiaj which terrified him fo much, that 
 he was determined to deftroy the infant that Ihould 
 be born ; however, Mandana was brought to bed 
 of Cyrus, and preferved her fon from the defigns 
 of his grandfather. 
 
 Astyda'mia, daughter of Amyntor, and mother of 
 Lepreas, one of the enemies of Hercules, was be- 
 loved of this hero, who reconciled her fon to him, 
 and had by Hercules a fon called EtefippuSy 
 
 Asxy'oNE,one of the names of Chryfeis, daughter 
 of Chryfes, a high-prieft of Apollo. 
 
 
A T 
 
 AsTEROPi^'us, the .1 of Pelegon, King of Pae®’ . 
 nia, who, being at the liege of Troy, was (lain b} 
 Achilles. 
 
 Astr^'a, the daughter of Jupiter and Themisj 
 She left heaven, and dwelt on the earth, during tht , 
 golden age : but the crimes of mortals driving hei ^ 
 away, flie re afcended into heaven, and was placet, 
 in the Zodiac, becoming the fign Virgo. She i< 
 reprefented holding a fword in one hand, and 
 pair of fcales in the other, having her eyes bounc 
 with a fillet. 
 
 Astr^'us, one of the Titans, father of the windi 
 and ftars. Perceiving that his brothers had de- 
 clared war againlf Jupiter, he armed the winds or 
 his fide ; but Jupiter plunged them under the wa« s 
 ters, and Aftraeus was changed into a ftar. 
 
 AstY'ANax, the only fon of He£tor and Andro-I 
 mache.- This yoyng Prince gave great inquietudtJ 
 to the Greeks after tlie taking of Troy, Calcbasi 
 advifed them to throw him from the top of an high! 
 tower, becaufe he might one day revenge the death 
 of He6for, and rebuild the walls of Troy, Ulyfles 
 went in fearch of him j but it is pretended they 
 gave him another child in his room, and that Af* 
 tyanax was faved by^his mother : likcwife, that he 
 afterwards went into Germany, where he fettled.! 
 VirgiL Natalis Comes, 
 
 Atala'nta, the daughter of Jafius, king of Ar-5 
 cadia and Climene, and wife of Meleager, by 
 whom Ihe had Parthenope. She was very fond oil 
 hunting, and was the firff that wounded the wild' 
 boar of Galydon, and received the fkin from the 
 hand of Meleager before they were married. O^id* 
 Natalis Comes, 
 
 There was another Atalanta, the daughter of Sche- 
 neus. She was fought in marriage by feveral 
 young princes ; but her father w^ould not give her 
 ^ny one that could not out run her. Hippo- 
 
 mcnes 
 
A T 
 
 menes had this advantage by the help of Venus, 
 who advifed him to throw down the golden apples 
 as they were running, which caufed Atalanta to 
 ftoop to pick them up, and fo he got the race. At 
 length they were metamorphofed into a lion and 
 lioneii. 
 
 lTE, a malicious goddefs, who took pleafure in 
 bringing misfortunes upon mankind. She was the 
 daughter of Jupiter, and called the goddefs of re- 
 venge. 
 
 lTERGA^tis, a goddefs of the Syrians, fuppofed to 
 be the mother of Semiramis. She had, according 
 to Lucian, the face and head of a woman, and all 
 the reft of her body was like a fifli. 
 lVhamas, a king of Theflaly, and fon of ^olus, 
 by his wife Nephele ; he had two children, Phryxus 
 and Helle j but after her death he married Ino, the 
 daughter of Cadmus, who treated her ftep- children' 
 fo ill, that to get away from her they mounted the 
 ram with a golden fleece, in order to fwim over 
 the Hellefporit; but Helle was drowned, and gave 
 her name to that flrait. Juno, angry with Ino on 
 this account, made her huiband run mad ; info- 
 much that, miflaking her children, one for a lionefs, 
 and the others for her whelps, he was the death of 
 them j but they were changed into fea deities. 
 Athens, the capital city of Attica, once the moft 
 famous place in the world for learning. 
 
 ^THOs, a famous mountain, between Macedonia 
 and Thrace. 
 
 ^tla'ntides, the name of the fifteen daughters of 
 Atlas and of PleVone ; thefe are the fame as the 
 Hyades, Pleiades, and the Vergilia?. 
 
 ^TLAS, a giant, and fon of Jupiter and Clymene. 
 Jupiter gave him a commifiion to fupport the hea- 
 vens with his flioulders. Being warned one day 
 by the Oracle to beware of a fon of Jupiter, he 
 
 became 
 
A U 
 
 became a man-hater, and would receive no vifitr 
 Ptrfeus went and was treated like the reft, whicl* 
 exafperated him fo much that he ftole from him thr 
 apples which he kept very carefully : he afterwardr 
 fhewed him the head of fVIedura. and changed hirr 
 into a prodigious high mountain. Ovid, Metam , 
 A^treus, the fon of Pelops awd Hippodamia, whf 
 beihg irritated that Thyeftes bis brother wa : Frei 
 with Eiiropa his wife, he caufed him to eat hii | 
 own chiidren at a feaft. It is laid that the fun re< 
 tired with horror, becaufe he would not yield an; 
 light to fo deteftable a crime, for which the whoI| 
 poilerlty of Atreus was punished. 
 
 Atri'des, a name given to Agamemnon and Me 
 nelaus, fonsof Atreus ; but fome fay the nameso , 
 his foils were alfo Melampus and Eumolus. | 
 A'tropos, one of the three fatal filters. It was he, j 
 butinefs to cut the thread of life. j 
 
 At YS, a young beautiful Phrygian, beloved by Cy- 1 
 bele, who made him her prieft, on condition tha 1 
 he fhould live chafte; but breaking his vow, flic 
 made him run mad and caftrate himfelf. The god 
 defs afterwards changed him into a pine. 
 Aventi'nus, the fon of Hercules and prieftefi 
 Rhea. This hero, being come from Italy to th< 
 banks of the river Tiber, fell in love with thai 
 prieftefs, and took up his abode in a neighbouring 
 mountain. From this amour Aventinus proceed- 
 ed, who was brought up by his mother in the fam( 
 place. From him came the name of mount Aven- 
 tine, in Rome. 
 
 Ave'rnus, a lake of Campania, in Italy, confecratec 
 to Pluto 5 fuch a ftinking fmell proceeding from 
 it, that it was looked upon as the gate of hell : the 
 birds that flew over it were faid to have dropped 
 down dead. V'lrgil, 
 
 Auga» or Aug€y daughter of Alcaeus, who, having 
 cohabited with Hercules, went into the wood to 
 
A U 
 
 he delivered of Telephus. This prince, being 
 grown up, was preferred in the court of Theutras^ 
 king of Myfia, where Auga had taken refuge to 
 avo d her father’s anger. Telephus obtained his 
 mother of the King, with a defign to marry her 
 without knowing who fhe was 5 but Auga, being 
 unwilling, attempted to kill him, when flie was 
 affrighted by a ferpent. This delay occafioned a 
 dii'covery who they were. Euripides. 
 
 \.u'geas, a king of Elis, had a ftable which would 
 hold three thoufand oxen, which had not been 
 cleanfed for thirty years. He hired Hercults to 
 clean it, which he did by turning the river AJ- 
 pheus through it. Upon this there was a conteft 
 about the reward, and Hercules made Augeas’s 
 fon Phyleus judge, who gave the canfe againft his* 
 father, upon which he was baniflied j but after- 
 wards Hercules conquered the father, and made 
 the fon king. 
 
 Vu'gury, a fort of divination by the flight of birds, 
 and by meteors, as well as other appearailces in 
 the heavens. 
 
 ^ULis, a'town and portof Eceotia,on the Negroponf, 
 where the Grecian fleet was wind-bound when they 
 were going againft Troy. Homer, O^ytd. 
 ^uro'ra, the daughter of Titan and Terra j others 
 make her the daughter of Hyperion andTheia,and 
 others of Sol and Luna 5 fhe preflde*s over the 
 dawn of the day. The painters reprefent her fit- 
 ting in a gilt chariot, in a palace of the fame 
 metal. She was in love with Tithonus, a young 
 prince celebrated for his beauty, who carried her 
 off, and married her. When he was advanced in 
 years, fhe left him, and changed him into a grafs- 
 hopper. After this fhe fell in love with Cephalus, 
 whom file took away from his wife Procris, cauf- 
 ing them to quarrel. However, they were after- 
 wards 
 
A Z 
 
 wards reconciled j and Cephalus one day killed his 
 wife by chance as they were hunting. Aurora 
 took him into Syria and married him, and had one 
 fon by him. When flie was tired with him Hie 
 took Orion, and after him" many others. 
 
 Auson, the Ion of UlyiTes and Caiypfo j he fettled 
 in Italy, and gave his name to that country, it be- 
 ing fince called Aufonia. 
 
 Auso'nia, a province of Italy, whofe inhabitants 
 were called Aufonians. 
 
 Auster, a very hot wind, fon of Aftrasus and He- 
 ribea, or of -^olus and Aurora according to others. 
 His abode was in the hot burning climates of the 
 fouth ; his breath was fometimes fo hot that it fet 
 fhips and cities on fire. 
 
 Auto'leon, general of Crotonia; as he was one day 
 fighting againft the Locrians, who always left a 
 void fpace in the middle for Ajax their country- 
 man, as -if he had been ftill alive 5 he attacked them 
 in this place, and was hurt in the bread by the 
 ghoft of Ajax, and could not be healed till he had 
 appeafed the manes of this hero. 
 
 Auto^lychus, the fon of Mercury and Chione. 
 He learned the trade of thieving from this god, 
 with the power of alTuming different fhapes* He 
 was difcovered by Syfiphus in dealing cattle 5 
 but as this man was in love with his daughter, 
 they made up the matter. Ovid. Metam, 
 
 Automa^tia, the goddefs of chance, to whom 
 Timolion, a famous Corinthian general', built a 
 Temple. 
 
 Auto'tedon, the charioteer of Achilles, and, after 
 his death, armour-bearer to Pyrrhus. VirgtL 
 
 Autu'mn A, an allegorical deity, faid to be the god- 
 defs of fruits j file is the fame as Pomona. IVhkb 
 fee. 
 
 Azan, a mountain of Arcadia, confecrated to Cy- 
 bele, 
 
 Baccha- 
 
BA 
 
 B 
 
 B Acchana'li A, or Ba^cchanals, feftivals ia 
 honour of Bacchus, which were celebrated by 
 all manner of debauchery. 
 
 Baccha'ntes, thofe women who followed Bac- 
 chus in his conquefts of the Indies, and who made 
 great acclamations every where to pubiifh his vic- 
 tories. During the ceremony of the Bacchanals 
 and the Orgies, they ran about clad in (kins of ty- 
 gers, with their hair loofe, and with torches and 
 flambeaux in their hands, making frightful cries. 
 Euripides, 
 
 BACCHiADii: 5 the people of Corinth were fo called, 
 who were banifhed and went into Sicily. They 
 affirmed they were defcended from Baccliia, the 
 daughter of Bacchus. Ovid, Metam, 
 
 Bacchus, the fon of Jupiter and Semelej but all 
 authors are not agreed in this point : however, the 
 ftory is told by molf in the following marmer. 
 Juno, always enraged againft the concubines of Ju- 
 piter, in order to be revenged, counfelled Semele, 
 whilft (he was big with child, to require of Jupiter 
 that he would appear in all his glory 5 he granted 
 this petition with great relu61ance. However, for 
 for fear that Bacchus, of whom fhe was with child, 
 might be burnt with her, Jupiter opened his thigh, 
 and put him therein, where he continued nine 
 months. When the time of his birth was acconi- 
 pliffied, he was privately put into the hands of Ino 
 his aunt, who was to take care of him with the af- 
 fiftance of the Hyades, the Horae, and the Nymphs, 
 When he was grown up, he conquered the Indies ; 
 from whence he pafTed into Egypt, where he taught 
 G huf- 
 
B A 
 
 huftandry to the inhabitants, planted the firft vine, , 
 and was adored as the god of wine. He punifhcd 
 Pentheus feverely, becaufe he oppofed his folemni- 
 ties. He triumphed over all his enemies, and 
 overcame all dangers to which the perfecution of 
 Juno continually expofed him ; for the refentments 
 of that goddefs did not only extend to the concu- 
 bines of Jupiter, but alfo to their children. Bac- 
 chus transformed himfelf into a lion to devour the 
 giants, who attempted to fcale heaven, and was 
 looJced upon, next to Jupiter, as the moft powerful , 
 of the gods. He was fometimes reprefented with 
 horns on his head, becaufe, when he travelled, he 
 was always cloathed in the fkin of a goat, an ani- 
 mal which they fa^rifice to him. Sometimes he is 
 painted fitting on a tun ; fometimes on a car, 
 drawn by tygers, lynxes, or panthers; likewife 
 often holding a cup in one hand, and in the other 
 a thyrfis, that is, a fpear wrapped about with ivy 
 or bay leaves. Natalis Comes Paufanias. 
 
 Ba'goe, a nymph, who taught the Tufcans the art 
 of divination by lightning. Some pretend that 
 this was the Sibyl called Erythiaea. 
 
 Ba'lius and Xanthus, were. the horfes of Achil- 
 les ; they arefaid to be born of Zephyr and Podarga. 
 
 Bapta, the goddefs of uncleannefs. Her feftivals 
 were celebrated in the night-time with dances and 
 all kinds of debauchery. She was called Cotytto 
 at Athens. 
 
 B ASS a'r ID E s, prieftefifes of Bacchus ; fo called from 
 Baflarius, the furname of Bacchus. Perjius. 
 
 Bassa'rus, a furname of Bacchus. It is pretended 
 that this is the cry which was heard at the fefti- 
 vals of this god ; but it is moft likely that this 
 word fignifies no more than grape-gatherer. 
 
 8 , a famous herdfman, who was witnefs to 
 the theft of Mercuiy, when he ftole away fome of j 
 
 Apollo 
 
B E 
 
 Apollo’s cattle. Mercury gaveJBattus one of the 
 . fineft cows that he had taken, and made him pro- 
 mife that he fliould keep this matter fecret ; but 
 not altogether confiding in him, he pretended to 
 retire, and came back Ibon after in another fiiape, 
 and with another voice, offering him an ox and a 
 cow if he would tell where the cattle were that he 
 fought: the good man was tempted with the bribe, 
 and laid open the whole affair ; upon which Mer- 
 cury changed him into a touch- ftone, which dif- 
 covers the nature of the metal rubbed upon it. 
 Baucis, was a poor old woman, who lived with 
 her hufband Philemon, almoft as old as herfelf, in 
 a little hut. Jupiter, in a human form, accompa- 
 nied with Mercury, being defirous of vifiting 
 Phrygia, was reje6led by all the inhabitants of the 
 town near which Baucis and Philemon dwelt, who 
 were the only perfons that received them with hof- 
 pitality. In order to reward them, Jupiter bid 
 them follow hirn to the top of a high mountain 5 anc} 
 when they lookid back, they faw not only the town, 
 but all the neighbourhood under water, except the 
 little hutj which was changed into a temple. Jupiter 
 promifed to grant them whatever they defired, and 
 thefe good people only wifhed to be attendants in 
 the temple, and to die both at the fame time. Their 
 wiflies were accomplifhed; and when they arrived 
 at a great old-age, and were tired of life, as they 
 were one day talking at the gate of the temple, 
 Philemon perceived Baucis to be turning into a 
 lime-tree, and fhe was aftonifiied to fee Philemon 
 changing into an oak ; upon which they bid each 
 other their laft adieu. On)td, Met am, 
 Bebri'cians, a people who left Thrace to fettle 
 in Bithynia 5 under pretence of giving fports and 
 diverfions to the public, they drew the people 
 into a foreft, and malfacred them in a horrible 
 G X manner. 
 
B E 
 
 manner. Amycus, their king, was flain by Pollux 
 and the Argonautes, whom they endeavoured to 
 draw into a fnare. Strabo, Lucan* 
 
 Bel, orBELUS, fon of Neptune and Lybia, w*as i 
 King o^ AfTyria. They paid divine honours to 
 his ftatue, and afterwards the Chaldeans and other ■ 
 people worfhipped him under the name of Baal. 
 Jupiter was likewife worfliipped under that name, j 
 !^E'lides, the daughters ofDanaus, otherwife called 
 the DanaVdes. They were called Belides from ; 
 Belus, whofe grand- daughters they were. They : 
 wej'e married to the fifty Tons of .^gyptus,but were i 
 directed by their father to murder their hufbands I 
 on their wedding- night, to which all, except : 
 Hypermneftra, confented. For this crime they ' 
 were condemned to draw water out of a well with ; 
 fieves, or tubs with holes in them. 
 
 Beliza'na, a name given by the Gauls to Minerva, s 
 and to whom they facriflced human vi6lims. ! 
 
 Belle'rophon, fon of Glaucus and Eurymedes 5 k 
 he had the misfortune to kill his brother Pyrrenus { 
 as he was hunting ; upon which he took refuge with \ 
 Pisetus, king of Argos, whofe wife Stenobea, or ^ 
 Antea, made him offers, which he reje6led. She, • 
 flung with his indifference, accufed him to her 1 
 hufband of attempting her chaftity. However,, i 
 Praetus would not violate the rights of hofpitality; ,* 
 and, therefore, fent him into Lycia with letters 
 addrelfed to Jobates, father of Stenobea, with or- 
 ders to put him to death. Bellerophon, apprifed i 
 of their proceedings, mounted the horfe Pegafus, 1 
 and vanquifhed Chimera, the monfter that Jobates < 
 had appointed him to hght with. They raifed 
 up many other enemies, over whom he triumphed, 
 and overcame every danger by his valour and 
 prudence. He vanquifhed the Solym^e, the Ama- 
 zons, and the Lyciansj at length he married 
 
 Philonoe, 
 
B I 
 
 Philonoe, the daughter of Jobates, as a reward 
 for his valiant exploits j but not till after be had 
 made his innocence appear. Homer, Ovid. Pro^ 
 pertius. 
 
 Bellona, the goddefs of war^ and fider of Mars^ 
 who prepared his car and his horfes when he went 
 to war. She is reprefehted as holding a fcourge in. 
 her hand, or a rod tinged with blood, with dilhe- 
 velled hair and fiery eyes. Virgil. 
 
 Bellona'iiii, priefts of Bellona, who cut and 
 llafhed their bodies with knives to appeafe her with 
 their blood. The herald fet a fpear on a.piilar 
 before her temple when war v/as proclaimed. 
 
 Berec y'nthia, a name of Cybele, becaule fhe had 
 a terriple on mount Berecynthus. 
 
 Bereni'ce, queen of Egypt, who made a vow to 
 facrifice her hair to the gods, if her luifband re« 
 
 ' turned viftorious. Her vow was heard, and fhe 
 placed her hair in the temple of Mars, which foon 
 difapj>eared. Conon, a celebrated aftronomer, be- 
 ing confulred, endeavoured to perfuade her that 
 her facriiices were agreeable to that god, and that 
 he had placed it among tlie ftars, near the Great 
 Bear j however, it is certain there is a conftellation 
 fo called. 
 
 Bia'nor, furnamed Genus, was the Ton of one 
 Tufeus, and founded the city of Mantua. There 
 was a Trojan Prince of this name, v/ho was 
 killed by Agamemnon. 
 
 BiRLis, the daiightei- of Miletus and the nympit 
 Cyanea, who not being able to gain the affeoUou 
 of her brother Caunus, whom flie was in love with, 
 fhe wept fo exceeding much, that fiie was changed 
 into a fountain. Quid, Me tarn. 
 
 Bi'mater, a name of Bacchus, who was fo. called, 
 becaufe Jupiter and Semeic were both a fort of 
 iBothers to him. 
 
 3 
 
 Bit 0:4 
 
B R 
 
 Biton, one of the two brothers famous for their pie- 
 ty to their mother, for which reafon they were , 
 placed among the Heroes The inhabitants of i 
 Argos ere61ed llaiues to their honour, and placed i 
 them in the temple of Delphos. See Cleobis* \ 
 
 Bona Dea, a Roman matron, fo chafte that while i 
 fhe lived no man ever faw her but her hufband ; | 
 after death fhe became a goddefs, and was wor- 
 fhipped by women alone. Some pretend fhe is the \ 
 fame as Cybele, and others Proferpine. She was t 
 likewife called Fauna, Fatua, and Senta. j 
 
 Boo'tes, is the fame as Ar^lophilax, or Areas, j 
 who was metamorphofed into a clown, and placed i 
 among the ftars j it is the fame that follows i 
 Charles’s wain, j 
 
 Bo'reas, the North wind, and one of tire four prin- i 
 cipai. He was the fon of Aftraeus and Heribea, 
 The firft thing that he did when he was grown up 1 
 was to carry off Orythia, the daughter of Eri^heus, J 
 by whom he had two fons, Calais and Zetes* The ) 
 inhabitants of Megalopolis paid him great ho- > 
 Hours. He transformed himfelf into a horfe, to 
 cover the mares of Dardanus, by whom he had ^ 
 twelve colts of fuch a fwiftnefs, that they ran over 
 the ears of (landing corn without breaking them, 
 and upon the furface of the fea without finking. 
 The poets fay, that he bad two bufkins and wings : 
 on his fhouldei s to exprefs his fleetnefs j but he ’ 
 fometimes covers his face with his cloak, and has f 
 the fhape of a boy. I 
 
 B&a'nc^ides, a name of Apollo, who was fo call- j 
 ed from one Branchus, a young man that this god j 
 was fond of, and to whom he had ere6led a temple, 
 whofe priefts were called Branchidss. Strabo, , 
 Brj AUREUS, one of the giants who w'aged war with ij 
 the gods. He was the fon of Titan, and had an i 
 hundred arnis and fifty heads. When Pallas, i 
 
 Juno, \ 
 
B U 
 
 Juno, and Neptune, with many other gods, had 
 confpired againft Jupiter, he went into heaven at 
 the requeftof Thetis, and by his appearance quath- 
 ed the mutiny. He was afterwards one of thofe 
 that fought againlt the gods. Statius. 
 
 Bai'sEis, otherwife called Hippodamia, the daugh- 
 ter of Brifes, prieft of Jupiter. Achilles, having 
 befieged Lyrneffus, made Brifeis his concubine 
 after he had killed her hufband Minos. Aga- 
 memnon took her from him by force, but was 
 obliged to render her back to caufe him to take up 
 arms againft the Trojans, who were always vi61o- 
 rious after he had withdrawn into his tent. Homer. 
 
 B RISES, high- prieft of Jupiter, and father of Bri- 
 feis. Some fay he invented the manner of ex- 
 tra6ling honey, but others fay it was Ariftaeus. 
 
 Britoma'rtis, a daughter of Jupiter. She threw 
 herfeif into the fea to avoid the purfuit of Minos, 
 and was made immortal at the rcqueft of Diana. 
 
 Brizo, the goddefs of fteep, to whom divine ho- 
 nours were paid at Delos. She prefided over 
 dreams. 
 
 Bro'mius, a name of Bacchus, given on account of 
 the noife made by the Bacchantes j for the Gi eek 
 word Bromos, fignifies noife. 
 
 Brontes, a famous Cyclops, fon of Coelum and 
 Terra. He was one of thofe that forged the thun- 
 derbolts for Jupiter, a^^d made a dreadful noife in 
 ftriking upon his anvil with Steropes and Pyrac- 
 mon, the other Cyclops who had the fame office. 
 
 Bro'theus, the fon of Vulcan and Minerva. He 
 was fo deformed that he was the jeft of all the 
 world, for which reafon he threw himfeif into the 
 abyfs of Mount -^tna. 
 
 Buba'stis, a name of the goddefs Ifis, who was 
 adored in Egypt. 
 
 BwCE'NTAyB., Otherwife called the Great Centaur* 
 
C A 
 
 "Busi'ris, fon of Neptune, was a monftrous giant, ; 
 who lay in ambulh for all ftrangers, whom he » 
 killed j but Hercules flew him and his attendants, i 
 The Egyptians offered facrifices to him in order to i 
 appeafe him. ; 
 
 Butes, the fon of Boreas^- He was obliged to leave i 
 the country of Amycus, King of Bebricia, his Rip- ^ 
 pofed father, who would not own him. He retired i 
 into Sicily with fome of his friends ; and, as he 
 paffed along, carried off Iphimedia, Pancratfs, and ; 
 Coronisjfrom the coaft of ThelTaly,when they were - 
 celebrating the Bacchanals. Butes kept Coronis ; 
 for himfelf ; but Bacchus, whofe nurfe flie had 
 been, infpired him with fuch a madnefs that he 
 threw himfelf into a well ; others fay that he mar- 
 ried" Lycafta, furnamed Venus, on account of hei 
 beauty, and that he had a fon by her called Eryx. 
 
 Bu'throtos, a city of Epirus, where ^neas met 
 Andromache, whom Pyrrhus kept prifoner. 
 
 c. 
 
 C Aballi'nus, a fountain, which has its fource ai 
 the foot of mount Helicon. It is confecrated tc 
 the Mufes, and fome fay it is the fame as Flippo 
 crene, which is as much as to fay the fountain ol 
 the horfe of Pegafus. Perjius. Propertius. O'vid. 
 Caba'rnis, a name of the ifland of Paros, fo callec 
 from Cabarnus, a fhepherd of this country, vvhc 
 difeovered to Ceres the rape of her daughter. 
 Cabi'ri, gods of the Phoenicians, derived from tht 
 Arabic or Hebrew word Cabir, fignifying great oi 
 mighty; they were three, and called by the names 
 of Axieros, Axiocherfos, and Axiocherfa ; by fom( 
 fuppofed to be Ceres, Proferpine, and Pluto ; b> 
 
 others, 
 
others, Ofiris, Orus, and Ifis 5, and l)y feme, Jupi« 
 ter, Ceres, and Bacchus. 
 
 Cat.i'r A, the daughter of Proteus, beloved by Vulcan, 
 by whom fl^e became mother of the Cabiri, and of 
 the nymphs called Cabirides, according to Strabc. 
 
 Caca, the fdferof Cacus, was placed in the rank of 
 goddelTes, becaufe /he informed Hercules of her 
 brother’^s theft, when he ftole the oxen « She had 
 a chapel where theVelfal virgins attended and of- 
 fered facrifices. 
 
 Cacus, the fon of Vulcan, a famous robber of a 
 monftrous rtiape and vail ffrengtb. Having ftolea 
 the oxen of Hercules, ha drew them backwards by 
 their tails into his den to prevent being aifcovered ; 
 
 - but Hercules, driving the reft of his cattle that way, 
 heard the bellowing of thofe in the cave, upon 
 which he flew the robber with his club. Virgil^ 
 0'Vid» 
 
 Cadmus, a king of Thebes, fon of Agenor and Te- 
 Jephafta. Jupiter having carried off Europa, Cad- 
 mus was fent by Agenor in queft of her, with 
 orders not to return without her. He confulted 
 the Oracle at Delphos, who, inftead of anfwering 
 his requeft, ordered him to build a city where an 
 ox ftiould conduff him. He departed with a de- 
 ftgn of traverfing all the world, and when he ar- 
 rived in Boeotia he facrificed to the gods, and fend- 
 ing his companions to the fountain of Hirce for 
 water, they were devoured by a dragon. Minerva, 
 to comfort him, ordered him to attack this monfter, 
 and gave him affurance of fuccefs 5 wliich happen- 
 ed accordingly. After the viflory he fowed the 
 dragon’s teeth, from whence fprung men in ar- 
 mour, who fell a fighting, and killed each other up- 
 on the fpot, except five, who affifted him in building 
 the city of Thebes in the place /hewn him by an 
 ox. He married Hermione, daughter of Venus and 
 
C IE 
 
 Mars, byvwbom he had Scmele, Tno, Antonoc, 
 and Agave. Going to confuit the Oracle again, 
 he learnt that his pofteiity were deftined to the 
 greateft misfortunes ; whereupon he went into vo- 
 luntary banifhment that he might not fee them ; 
 he and his wife were afterwards changed into fer- 
 pents, Onjid, Horace, Lucan* 
 
 was a rod which Mercury received 
 from Apollo, when he made him a prefent of his 
 lyre. One day, Mercury, feeing the ferpents fight- 
 ing upon mount Cytheron, threw his rod between 
 them to part them 5 the two ferpents wound thcm- 
 felves about it in fuch a manner, that the higheft 
 part of their bodies formed a bow. Mercury af- 
 terwards carried this about as a fymbol of peace, 
 and added wings thereto, becaufe he was the god 
 of eloquence, whofe rapidity is fhewn by the wings. 
 
 ClEAf or C^os, an ifland of the ^gaean fea, fo 
 called from Coeus, the fon of Titan. It was very 
 fertile in filk- worms and in herds of cattle. FtrgiU 
 
 C^'ciAS, one of the winds which blows before the 
 time of the equinox 
 
 Cj9i'cuLUS, the fon of Vulcan. It is faid that as his 
 mother was fitting near the forge of this god, fhe; 
 was ftruck with a fpark out of the fire, which cauf- 
 cd her to conceive and bring a child into the world 
 at nine months end, to whom (he gave the name of 
 Caeculus, becaufe he had very fmall eyes. When 
 he was grown up he lived on thefts and robberies, 
 and built the city Praenefte. After having given 
 public fports, he exhorted the citizens to go and 
 found another cityj but he could not perfuade them, 
 becaufe they did not believe him to be the fon of 
 Vulcan ; upon which he invoked that god, and the 
 whole affembly was immediately furrounded with 
 hames, which put them into fuch a fright, thati 
 they promifed to do every thing he would have 
 
 them. 
 
C A 
 
 them. Others pretend that certain /hephcrds found 
 this child in the niidft of flames without hurt 5 for 
 which reafon they fliled him the fon of Vulcan# 
 VirgiL Sergius, 
 
 «LUS, or Uranus, offspring of Terra, furround- 
 ing that goddefs, that he might afford a manfion 
 for the gods. 
 
 ffi^NEUS, a furname of Jupiter, fo called from the 
 city of Caehe, where they paid him great honours. 
 Virgil, 
 
 here was a warrior of this name, who, having a 
 daughter under the name of Csenis, requefted Nep- 
 tune to change her into a man, and to render her 
 invulnerable. Afterwards bein^^ in the quarrel of 
 the Lapithae and the Centaurs, they foon found 
 that he was invulnerable ; upon which they over- 
 whelmed him with a vaft heap of trees, and he was 
 changed into a bird called Casnis. 
 
 JUSTUS, the girdle of Venus, wherein the graces, 
 attra 6 lions, and charms, were included ; it is 
 the fame which Juno borrowed of Venus to gain 
 the afFe<5lion of Jupiter, and to bring him over to 
 her fide againft; the Trojans. Venus took off this 
 girdle when flie was before Paris, when he was 
 going to determine who was molt worthy of the 
 golden apple. 
 
 Iaje'ta, the nurfe of ./^^neas, who accompanied 
 him in his voyages, and died after her arrival in 
 Italy. 
 
 ALAis and Zetes, two brothers, fons of Boreas 
 and Orythia. They made a voyage to Colchis 
 with the Argonauts, and drove away the Harpies 
 from Thrace. They are faid to have had their 
 fhouiders covered with golden fcales, wings at 
 their feet, and long hair. 
 
 'alchas, a famous foothfayer, who followed th* 
 Grecian army to Troy, and predicted that the 
 liege Ihould laft ten years, and that the winds would 
 
 not 
 
G A 
 
 not be favourable till after the facrifice of Iphlge- 
 nia, daughter of Agamemnon. After the taking 
 of Troy he went to Colophon, where he died rav- 
 ing mad, becaufe be could not foretel thofe things 
 which Mopfus, another foothfayer, had 5 for it was 
 his deftiny to die w^hen he met with another footh- 
 fayer more fkilful than himfeif. Homer, Virgil, 
 CalciOPE, the daughter of Aetes, king of Colchis, 
 and filter of Medea. She married Phryxus, and 
 by him had feverai children. Phryxus was affaf- 
 finated by her father, upon which Calciope, defign- 
 ing to carry her children privately into Greece, was 
 fliipwrecked on an ifland, where fhe waited till the 
 arrival of Jafon, who took them back to Colchis. 
 Calli'ope, one of the nine MuTes, who pVefided 
 over eloquence and heroic poeTy. The poets re- 
 prefent her a young maid, crowned with laurel and i 
 adorned with garlands, with a majeftic air, holding 
 a trumpet in her right-hand, and in her left a book 
 with three others near her, which are the Iliad, the 
 OdyfTes, and the iEneid. 
 
 Callipa^tera was daughter, filler, wife, and mo« 
 ther, of famous wreftlers, who w^ere all crown- i 
 cd as conquerors feverai times in the Olympici -i 
 games. ^ 
 
 CallPrhoe, a beautiful young lady of Calydon 
 whom Corefus, high-prieft of Bacchus, was def 1 
 perately in love with; but (he being refolved t( i 
 have nothing to fay to him, be befought Bacchus U i 
 refent her infcnfibility, and that god made the Ca j 
 Jydonians fo drunk, that they became mad ; upoi 
 which they went to confult the Oracle, who an ij 
 fwered that this diforder could net ceafe till Cal j 
 lirhoe was facrificed, or fome other in her (lead Ji| 
 But no-body offering himfeif, (he was condu6le( 4 
 to the altar, where Corefus, the high-prieft, feein| i 
 lier adorned with flowers, and dreflTed for facrifice 
 
 in 
 
c A 
 
 inftead of turning the knife againft her he ftabbed 
 himfelf. Callirhoe, being then moved with com- 
 paflion, facrificed heiTelf to appeafe the manes of 
 Corefus. Thucydides, 
 
 There was anothej Callirhoe, daughter of the river 
 Seamander, who married Tros, by whom fhe had 
 IIus, Ganimede, and AfTaracus. As alfo a third, 
 who was wife of Alcmeon, the murderer of his 
 mother Euriphyle. 
 
 Calli'st-o, daughter of Lycabn, king of Arcadia, 
 and nymph of Diana. Jupiter, having aiTumed the 
 
 - fliape of Diana, took her at unawares, and lay with 
 her ; Diana, perceiving that this nymph was very 
 backward in undrefTing herfelf to go into the bath, 
 would not permit her any longer to make one of 
 her train 5 upon which Callifto w^ent into a wood, 
 and was delivered of Areas. Juno, always atten^ 
 tive to the fteps of Jupiter, and an implacable ene- 
 my to all his mitlrefles, metamorphofed the nymph 
 and her Ton into bears ; but Jupiter raifed them up 
 to heaven, and changed them into the con/lella- 
 tions called the Great and the Little Bear. Ovid* 
 Met am, 
 
 Calpe, a hill of ^pain, near the Straits of Gi* 
 braltar, over againft Abyla, on the Barbary coaft 5 
 which hills were called the pillars of Hercules. 
 
 Calyco^pis, the daughter of Otreus, king of Phry- 
 gia, was the Venus that was mother of iEneas. 
 She was married to Thoas, king of Lemnos, who 
 erected temples to his wife at Paphos, and other 
 places. 
 
 Ca'lydon, a foreft of ^tolla, where Meleager 
 killed a monftrous wild boar. It is likewife the 
 name of the capital city of ^tolia, where Melea- 
 ger’s father kept his court. 
 
 Calydo'nia, a province of whereof Caly- 
 
 don was the capital city. 
 
 H Caly^pso, 
 
C A 
 
 Caly^pso, a goddefs, daughter of the Day accord-^ 
 ing tofome, eras others fay of Oceanus and *Te- 
 thys. She dwelt in the ifland Ogygb, where the 
 received UlylTes in a favourable manner, who was 
 driven on fhoie by a tempeft. She fell in love with 
 him, and kept him with her feven years 5 but Ulyf- 
 fes preferred his own country and Penelope to this 
 goddefs, though the promifed to make him im- 
 mortal if he would (lay with her. Himer. 
 
 Camari'nus, a famous marth or lake in Sicily, 
 whofe exhalations made a horrible fmell. The 
 Sicilians enquired of the Oracle of Apollo how they 
 might dry it up, who anfwered that they muil take 
 tare not to do it 5 but they negle^ling the anfwe? 
 were lefolved to do it, and by that means facili- 
 tated the entrance of their enemies into the ifland, 
 who didre/Ted the inhabitants, and plundered their 
 towns, Virgil, 
 
 Camilla, a queen of the Volfcians, v^ho main- 
 tained a war a long time in perfon with Tunius 
 agalnft uTneas. She excelled every one in the 
 race and in heroic a6fions, and was killed by the 
 ftroke of a javelin. Virgil ^ 
 
 Camoe'n^, was a name given to the MufeSiOn ac- 
 count of the fweetnefspf their Tinging. 
 
 Ca'nace, the daughter oFu®olus, who had a Ton by 
 her own brother, that was expofed by the rurfe j 
 but his birth was made known to the grandfather 
 by the cries of the child, ^.olus, highly exafpe- 
 rated at this inceft, caufed the child to be eaten by 
 dogs, and fent a poniard to his daughter to pun?(h 
 herfelf. Mecarius, the brother, fled to Delphos, 
 and there became a prieft of Apollo. Ovid* 
 
 Cana'tius, a famous mountain of Spain, on the 
 top of which there is a pool, fuppofed to be with- 
 out a bottom. When a ftone or heavy thing was 
 thrown into it* it raifed a violent tempelt. 
 
 Can. 
 
C A‘ 
 
 Cancer, or the Crab, was the animal fent by Juno 
 againil: Hercules, when he fought the Hydra, near 
 the lake of Lerna, and by which he was bitten in 
 the foot j but he killed it, and Juno made it one 
 of the twelve ligns of the Zodiac, 
 
 Candau'les, the fon of Myrfus, and the lafl of 
 the Heraclides. He was very fond of his wife, 
 and would needs fhew her naked to Gyges, one of 
 his favourites 5 but the Queen was fo offended at 
 it, that file commanded Gyges to kilt Candaules, 
 and then married him. Herodotus^ 
 
 Canens, the wife of Picus, king of the Lauritans, 
 who, when Ike faw her hufband turned into a bird 
 by the enchantment of Circe, pined to death, and 
 left her name to a place on the bank of the Tiber, 
 Cano'pus, was a god of the waters among the 
 Egyptians, or at leaft of the river Nile. He had 
 been pilot, or rather admiral, of the fleet of Oliris 
 during his expedition into India. After his death, 
 he was faid to be changed into a flar, and placed 
 among the gods. 
 
 Capa'neus, a giant of Argos, and hufbahd of 
 Evadne. He waged war againft Jupiter, and pe- 
 riflied with the Titans ; as alfo a captain of the 
 Greeks, who was at the flege of Thebes, and in- 
 vented fcaling-ladders, and was killed with flones 
 thrown from the wall. Statius* 
 
 Caph AUREUS, a dangerous rock on the Euboean 
 fliore, towards the Heilefpont, where Nauplius, 
 king of the country, revenged the death of his fon 
 Palamedes upon the Greeks, at their return from 
 Troy, by fetting up a light on the top of a hill, 
 which cau fed them to ftrike on the rock, where 
 they were fliipwrecked. 
 
 Capis, the fon of Afaracus, a Trojan prince. 
 Capltoli^nus, a furname of Jupiter, on account 
 of the temple he had in the Capitol at Rome. 
 Capricorn, is the fame as the god Pan, who be- 
 
C A 
 
 ing afraid of the giant Typhon, transformed him- 
 felf into a goat j upon which account Jupiter made 
 the goat one of the twelve figns of the Zodiac^ 
 Some fay it wa? the goat Amalthea, the nurfe of 
 Jupiter. Quid. Metam. 
 
 Carda, or Cardia, a goddefs, who, according to 
 Macrobius, prefided over the vital parts of mankind, 
 
 Ca^rdea, a Roman goddefs, who prefided over the 
 hinges of the doors- 
 
 CarE/SSUs, a river of Troas. 
 
 Ca^'ria, a province of the Lefler Alia, between Lycia 
 and Ionia, on the fide of the mountain Taurus. It 
 5s famous for the many metaniorphofes which were 
 done there. 
 
 Ca'rius, a fon of Jupiter, and of the nymph Tbor- 
 rebia, who, walking one day on the bank of the 
 lake Thorrebia, heard the finging of nymphs, and 
 learned mpfic of them, which he afterwards taught 
 to the Lydians. They, as a reward for this benefit, 
 paid him divine honours, and built a magnificent 
 temple for him on a mountain, called Carius after 
 his name, 
 
 Carme'nta, a prophetefs of Arcadia, and mother 
 of Evander, by Mercury 5 after her death fhe was 
 admitted to the rank of the gods, called Indigetes 
 in Italy, and one of the gates of Rome took its 
 name from her. 
 
 CarmentaTia, a feftivat kept every year by the 
 Roman matrons in honour of Carmenta. This 
 feftival was inftituted on account of the reconcilia- 
 tion between the Roman ladies and their hufbands, 
 after there had been a long difference between them. 
 
 Carna, a goddefs among the Rojuans, who was 
 thought to prefide over the vital parts of human 
 bodies. She had a temple on mount Coelus. 
 
 Carnus, a famous poet and mufician, fon of Jupiter 
 and Europa, and favourite of Apollo. He inftituted 
 games, and appointed prizes lor thofe that Ihould 
 
 excel 
 
C A 
 
 excel in mufic and poetry, that were celebrated every 
 year in honour of Apollo, at Sparta and Athens, 
 during nine days when the moon was at full. 
 
 Carya'tis, a title given to Diana, in honour of 
 whom the young girls of Laconia aflembled every 
 year in nutting-time, and celebrated a feftival call- 
 ed Carya, which lignliies nuts. 
 
 Ca'sius, a furname df Jupiter, on account of the 
 mountains of that name where he was worlhipped. 
 
 Cassa'ndra, the daughter of Priam and Hecuba, 
 who was engaged to Apollo for a wife, on con- 
 dition that he would give her the fpirit of prophe- 
 cy : but when Apollo had granted her defire, the 
 would not keep her word j and that god, to be re- 
 venged of her, caufed that nobody fliould believe 
 her predidlions, in confequence of which they 
 always laughed at her when /he pretended to pro- 
 phefy. She advifed againft bringing the wooden 
 horfe into the city of Troy; but they did not mind 
 her. Ajax, the fon of Oileus, rav'i/hed her at the 
 foot of an altar, and then dragged her out of the 
 temple, becaufe Hie had predi6led fo many misfor- 
 tunes to him. After the fiege of Troy fhe fell to 
 the fliare of Agamemnon, to whom (lie foretold that 
 his wife would caufe him to be aflallinated ; but he 
 did not believe the prediction, in confequence of 
 which he was flain, together with this prophetefs, 
 by j®gifthus, at his arrival in Lacedaeraonia, //o- 
 7ner* VirgiU 
 
 Cassiope'ia, the wife of Cepheus, king of -^- 
 thiopia, and mother of Andromeda. This Queen 
 had the vanity to believe that /he and her daughters 
 were more beautiful than Juno and the Nereides, 
 who befought Neptune to puni/h them. That god 
 fent a monlter who did incredible mifchief ; upon 
 which Cepheus, confulting the Oracle, was told that 
 thefe misfortunes would not ceafe without expof- 
 ing Andfomeda, chained to a rock^ to be devoured 
 H 3 by 
 
C A I 
 
 by this monfter. But Perfeus, mounted on the | 
 horfe Pegafus, with the head of Medufa, changed i 
 the monfter into a rock, delivered Andromeda, and 
 obtained of Jupiter that Caftlopeia ftiould be placed i 
 among the Itars. Onjid, Metam. 
 
 Casta^lia, a nymph whom Apollo metamorphofed 
 into a fountain ; to which he added the virtue, to 
 thofe who drank of the water, of infpiring. them 
 with the genius of poetry. ! 
 
 Casta'lides. The Mufes were fo called from Caf- i 
 talia, the name of the fountain confecrated to them. : 
 
 Casta'lius, a king of the country about Parnaf- i 
 fus, who beftowed his name on the fountain Caf- 
 talia. He had a daughter named Cahalia, beloved 
 by Apollo, which gave rife to the metamorphofis 
 of Caftalia. 
 
 Castor and Pollvx, twin-brothers of Helen and 
 Clytemneftra, and Tons of Jupiter, by Leda, who 
 furprifed her in the lliape of a fwan ; they' foil owed 
 Jafon to Colchis, who went in queft of the golden 
 fleece. They loved each other fo tenderly, that 
 they never were afunder. Jupiter beftowed im- 
 mortality on Pollux, who divided it with Caftor, 
 infomuch that they lived and died alternately. The 
 truth is, that they freed the feas from pirates, and 
 were thereupon efteemed as gods of the Teas. They 
 had feveral temples dedicated to their honour, but 
 always in the name of Caftor. They were raeta- 
 morphofed into ftars, and placed in the Zocfiac, by 
 the name of Gemini, or the Twins, one of the 
 twelve figns. Phadrus, 
 
 Ca'ucasus, a famous mountain of Colchis, in Afia, 
 between the Euxine and Cafpian feas. It once 
 went for the higheft mountain in the world 5 its 
 top is always covered with fnow. Here they fay 
 Prometheus lay bound, and that an eagle or vul- 
 ture fed upon his liver. 
 
 CaumitS; the name of a famous Centaur. Lucan. 
 
 Caunus, 
 
C E 
 
 Caunus, the fon of Miletus, perceiving his filler 
 Biblis entertained a criminal palTion for him, for- 
 fook his country, and built a city in Caria, Onnd% 
 Metam. 
 
 Caurus, one of the principal winds. 
 
 Ca VASTER, a river of Lydia, near Sardis, which wa- 
 ters the country about Ephefus. It was fruitful 
 in grapes, which were of an excellent kind. 
 
 Ceb, or Cep, a kind of a fatyr, mentioned by Stra- 
 bo and other authors \ he had feet like a, man as 
 well as hands. It ieems to have been a fort of a 
 monkey. 
 
 Cecrops, a rich Egyptian, who left his country 
 and came into Attica, where he married Agraula, 
 daughter of A6l^us, and was the firft king of 
 Athens 5 he was laid to have two faces, becaufe he 
 was the firft who inftituted marriage. After his 
 death they facrificed cocks on his tomb, and he is 
 faid to have appeared in the middle of the aftiftants 
 in the fhape of a lion. Some think he lived near 
 the time of Mofes. Eufebius, 
 
 Ceix, the fon of Lucifer and Chione, who was fo 
 afflifled at the death of his mother, that he went 
 to Claros to confult the Oracle, to know bow he 
 might raife her from the dead, but he was drown- 
 ed in the pafTage. His wife \lcyone went in fe^rch 
 of him, and obtained the favour of being meta- 
 morphofed with him into kings fi fliers. Ovidu 
 Met am, 
 
 Cel/e^na, a place of Campania, consecrated to Ju- 
 piter. There is likewife a mountain of this name, 
 near which Apollo punifiied the fatyr Marfyas, 
 One of the Pleiades was of the fame name, who 
 was raviftied by Jupiter. 
 
 Cela^'us, a famous harpy mentioned by Virgil, 
 
 Cel.^'us, king of Elucina, and father of ^Triptole- 
 mus, to whom Ceres for his kind entertainment 
 of her taught the art of hulbandjy. E'lrgiL 
 
 Celma 
 
C E 
 
 Celma, .a lady of Theflaly, who was changed into 
 an adamant, becaufe the had maintained that Ju* 
 piter was mortal. 
 
 Cel'Mus, a fofter- father of Jupiter, and hufband of 
 Celma, who underwent the fame fate as his wife. 
 Ovid, Met am. 
 
 There was another Celmus among the Curetes, who 
 was ban idled by his brothers for having violated 
 the mother of the gods. 
 
 Cb'nchreis, the wife of Cinyras, and mother of 
 Myrrha, who having beaded that die had a daugh- 
 ter more beautiful than Venus, that goddefs, to be 
 revenged, infpired her with a love for her own fa- 
 ther, and they were brought together by the arti- 
 fice of her nurfe. Ovid. Met am, - 
 
 CeV'CHRIUS, a river of Ionia, in which Latona is 
 faid to have been wadied by her nurfe immediate- 
 ly after (he was born. 
 
 Ce'n eus, was once a female, and obtained of Nep- 
 tune the power of becoming invulnerable. He 
 fought with the Centaurs at the nuptials of Piri-* J 
 thoiis, who overwhelmed him with a prodigious 
 number of tree% j but Neptune changed him into 
 a bird. Ovid. Virgil, 
 
 Centaurs, a people of a part of Theflaly, fons of 
 Ixion, by a cloud which he embraced indead of 
 Juno. Thofe monders are faid to have had the 
 upper part like the human body, and the lower like 
 ^ horfe. They were always armed with clubs, and 
 were fkilful in the ufe of the bow. Such of them 
 who were invited to the nuptials of Pirithoiis and 
 Hippodamia, quarrelled with the Lapith^, a fort 
 ipF mondrous giants. They made a terrible noife 
 with their voices, which was like the neighing of 
 horfes. Hercules vanquifiitcl thefe monders, and 
 drove thern out of Theflaly. 
 
 C? PH ALUS, the fon of Mercury and Hei fa, and! 
 feuibaiid of Procrisj, daughter of Eriftlieus, vvhon^ 
 
C E 
 
 he was very fond of. Aurora fell in love with him 
 and carried him away 5 but not obtaining her de- 
 fire, (he fent him home to his wife, in the dif« 
 guife of a merchant, to try her chaftity. She, being 
 dazzled with his prefents, condefcended to his re- 
 queft of granting him the laft favour 5 upon which 
 he difcovered himfelf, and upbraided her with her 
 iinfaithfulnefs. Procris, being afhamed, fled into 
 the woods j but flie was afterwards reconciled to hei: 
 hufband, to whom flie gave a dart that would never 
 mifs, and a hound called Laelaps. With thefe Ce- 
 phaius went a hunting, and flie, becoming jealous 
 of him, hid herfelf in a thicket to watch him 5 when 
 Cephalus, being weary and hot, fat down near the 
 place, and called upon Aura to refrelh him. She 
 thinking he had called for Aurora, began to move, 
 flirring the buflies 5 whereupon Cephalus thinking 
 it had been a wild beaft, threw the dart, or jave- 
 lin, and killed her. As foon as he found out his 
 miftake, he took the fame dart and killed himfelf. 
 They were both afterwards metamorphofed by Ju- 
 piter into ftars. Ou'id* Metam. 
 
 Ceph^'us, king of Ethiopia, and father of Andro- 
 meda, whom Perfeus married. He was taken up 
 with his wife and daughter into heaven, and placed 
 near the conftellation of the Lefler Bear. 
 
 There was another Cephaeus, a prince of Arcadia, 
 beloved by Minerva, who fixed one of Medufa’s 
 hairs to his head, which had the virtue to render 
 him Invifible. 
 
 CephPsus, a river of Phocis 5 he fell in love with 
 a great number of nymphs, and was defpifed by 
 them all. O^vid. Metam. 
 
 Cera'stes, a people of Cyprus, of a very cruel dif- 
 pofition, whom Venus changed into hulls, becaufe 
 they facrificed rtrangers. She took away all fliame 
 from their wives, infomuch that they proftituted 
 themfelves to all comers* 
 
 Cera'unia, 
 
C E 
 
 Cera^unia, the name of high mountains, on the 
 borders of Epirus, extending to the place where 
 the Ionian fea is feparated from the Adriatic. \ 
 Ce'RBERUS, a dog with three heads, who guarded \ 
 the gate of hell and the palace of Pluto. Plis j 
 parents were the giant Typhon and Echidna. When 1 
 Orpheus went in fearch of Eurydice, he laid him i 
 afleep with his lyre 5 and when Heicules went ^ 
 down to bring back Alcefta, he bound this dog I 
 with a chain, and dragged him into the light. 
 Homer, Virgtl, O^id, Horace, 
 
 Cerco'pes, a people whom Jupiter metamorphofed 
 into apes, becaufe they were addided to all kinds 
 of debauchery. Ovid* Metam, 
 
 Ce'rcyon, a famous robber. He was fo ftrong, 
 that he could bend the taileft trees, to which he 
 tied the paflengers he had robbed, and fo with a 
 fwing tore them to pieces. He had a daughter, 
 who became miftrefs to Neptune, which fo angered 
 the father, that he expofed her and her child in 
 the woods to be devoured. At length, Thefeus 
 ferved him as he had done the paflengers* 
 Cerea'lia, fefl:ivals in honour of Ceres. 
 
 Ceres, the daughter of Saturn and Ops, goddefs of 
 corn and agriculture. She travelled along while with 
 Bacchus, who went to teach hufbandry to man- 
 kind. She had a daughter called Proferpine*. At 
 length Ihe came to king Eluflus, by others called 
 Celeus, who gave her the tuition of his Ton Tripto- 
 lemus. Ip the day-time (he gave him the milk of 
 heaven, and at night covered him with fire, to ren- 
 der him immortal. When he was of age fhe pro- 
 vided him a chariot, drawn with winged dragons, 
 that he might travel through the world, and teach 
 people hufbandry* This goddefs had feveral fa- 
 mous temples built to her honour. The firft fruits 
 of the produ6l of the earth were offered on her al- 
 
 * The ftory of the rape of Profefpine is told hereafcrc. 
 SiCC Frofer^ine, tar«. 
 
C H 
 
 tarSj and tliofe who difturbed the myfteries were 
 puniflied with death. She is painted with a fickle 
 in one hand, and a handful of corn and poppies in 
 thd other, with a crown of the fame. They fa - 
 crificed a hog in her temples, and flie received 
 names from the places where they ftood. How- 
 ever, there is fome differehce in the accounts which 
 the poets give of her. O^id. Metam, V'trgiL 
 
 Cestus, is the girdle of Venus, which is faid not 
 only to have the power of rendering a perfon ami- 
 able, but could likewife rekindle the fire of an ex- 
 tinguifhed paffion. 
 
 There is an ample defcription of it in Homer. 
 
 Ceus, the fan of Titan and Terra j he took arms 
 againfi Jupiter for raviflilng his daughter Latona, 
 but he was ftruck dead with lightning, with his 
 other brothers. FirgiL 
 
 Ce¥X, the fon of Lucifer, and king of Trachlna j 
 who, to free himfelf from fome dreadful prognof- 
 ticks, went to Claros to confult the Oracle of Apol- 
 lo. Alcyone, his wife, who was very fond of him, 
 did all file could to hinder the voyage, for ihe had 
 a fecret intimation that fome terriWe misfortune 
 would happen to her hufband ; however, he was 
 determined to go, promifing to return in fix months $ 
 but he was caft away. His wife hearing the news, 
 ran to the fea-fide, and, feeing his body, immedi- 
 ately threw herfelf into the water. They were 
 both metamorphofed into kings-fifiiers. 
 
 Ch ALCis, a city of Euboea, near to Euripus. 
 
 Chao'nia, a difiri6l of Epirus, in Greece, famous 
 for the foreft of Dodona, and where there was a 
 prodigious quantity of pigeons. 
 
 Chaos, an unfhaped, heavy mafs, wherein the ele- 
 ments were confounded with each other at the be- 
 ginning of the world. Virgil reprefents him as 
 one of tht infernal deities ; and he is by others 
 (liled the father of the gods# 
 
 Cha* 
 
C H ! 
 
 CHARi'ctEA, the daughter of Hydafpes. Her mo* i 
 ther, while (he was with child of her, took a great 
 deal of pleafure in looking on the pi6lure of a ; 
 white woman, for which reafon (he brought forth i 
 Chariclea of a fingular beauty. Being grown up, 
 fhe was enamoured of Theagenes, a young prince, i 
 with whom ftie undertook many adventures till the 1 
 time they were married, Heliodorus, 
 
 Chari'glea, a daughter of Apollo, by whom the j 
 Centaur Chiron had a daughter, called Ocyroe. 
 
 Chari'stia, certain feftivals among the Romans, 
 for the entertainment of relations and particular 
 friends, 0 <vid, 
 
 Cha'rites, the three Graces Aglaia, Thalia, and 
 Euphrofyne. The daughters of Jupiter and Au- 
 tonoe. They are faid to be three, becaufe we 
 ought to be bountiful to others^ and thankfully to 
 receive favours, as well as requite courtefies. They 
 were painted nak^d to fhew that good turns fhould 
 be done without difTimulation or hypocrify 5 young, 
 to denote that the remembrance of benefits fhould 
 never grow old 5 they were alfo painted fmiling, to 
 fignify that favours fhould be performed with chear- 
 fulnefs. Laftly, their arms are linked' one in ano« 
 ther, to fhew that the knot and bond of love ift 
 never to be difTolved Hejiod. Seneca, 
 
 Charon, the Ton of Erebus and Nox, and ferryman 
 of hell ; who, according to the fable, for a pieca 
 of money tranfported the fhades in a boat over the 
 Stygian lake, to receive judgment from ASacus, 
 Rhadamanthus, and Minos, the judges of hell ; for 
 which reafon the ancients uled to put a piece of 
 money in the mouths of the dead. He is repre- 
 feiVted by Virgil as terrible, grim, and horribly 
 nafty, with a bufhy-matted beard, and glaring 
 eyes. He wore a dirty mantle, of a dark hue, 
 with a knot^ and hanging down from his left 
 
 ihgulder. 
 
C H 
 
 /lioiilder. The ghofts of thofe who were unburied, 
 were to wander an hundred years on the fide of 
 the river, and then to be ferried over. O^ici. VirgiL 
 
 ChaRy'edis, was faid to be a female robber, who 
 lioie the oxen of Hercules, and was for that crime 
 turned into a famous whirlpool or gulph, in the 
 Straits of Sicily, over againrt Scylla, a perni* 
 cious rock, where ftrange noifes like the barking 
 of dogs were heard. It v/as very hard for paffen- 
 gers to efcape either the one or the other of them. 
 Homer, 
 
 Chimj5;''ra, a monfter with a lion’s head, a goat’s 
 body, and a dragon’s tail, which vomited forth 
 fire and flames, fo called from a mountain of Ly- 
 cia, in Alia Minor 5 the top of which abounded 
 with lions, the Tides with goats, and the bottom 
 with ferpents. She ravaged Lycia fora longtime, 
 till fhe was deilioyed by Beileropbon. He/iod, 
 Lucretius. Oojid, * 
 
 Chi'one, daughter ofDsedaiion, and wife to Pceo- 
 nius, with whole beauty Apollo and Mercury be- 
 ing enamoured, they both lay with her, and had 
 each of them a child by her; the one called Phi- 
 lamon, an excellent raulician; the other, Autoly- 
 cus, a notorious thief. Chione was fo proud of 
 her beauty, that fhe ventured to prefer herfelf to 
 Diana, who, to punifh herj bored her tongue with 
 an arrow. Ovid. Met am. 
 
 Chios, an ifland of the Archipelago, about an hun- 
 dred miles in circumference, frcrn whence comes 
 the moft excellent Maimfey and other rich wines. 
 On}\d. Met am. 
 
 Chi'ron, one of the Centaurs, the ffth fon of Sa- 
 turn and Phillyra. Saturn, being in love with Phil- 
 Jyra, was afraid that he ffiould be furprifed in his 
 amours ; wherefore he.tiirned himfelf into a horfe t 
 P hillyra conceived and brought forth a fon, named 
 I Chiron, 
 
C H 
 
 Chiron, whofe upper part was like a man, and 
 the lower like a horfe. He became an excellent 
 phyfician, and taught ui^fculapius phyfic, Apollo 
 mufic, and Hercules agronomy, and was tutor to 
 Achilles. He was wounded by Hercules with 
 an arrow dipped in the blood of Hydra, which fell 
 by chance on his foot, and put him to fo great 
 pain, that the gods, out of pity, tranflated him into 
 heaven, and he became one of the twelve figns of 
 the Zodiac, called Sagittarius. 
 
 Chlor^'us, a pried of Cybele. Virgil, 
 
 Chloris, the goddefs of flowers, otherwife called 
 Flora 5 as aifo the daughter of Amphion and \ 
 Niobe, wife of Neleus, and mother of Neftor. She 
 was flain with an arrow by Apollo and Diana, be- i 
 caufe her mother preferred herfelf to Latona. Ovid, .. 
 Choa'spes, a river of India, as aifo of Perfia., i 
 Tibullus, - 
 
 Choe'rilus, a foolifh poet, who undertook to write i 
 the exploits of Alex'4nder. There were not feven • 
 good verfes in the whole poem. Horace, Ovid, 
 Chromis, a Ton of Hercules who fed his horfes 
 with human flefli j but Jupiter killed him with a 
 thunderbolt, 
 
 Chro'mius, one of the fons of Priam, who was 
 killed by Diomedes at the fiege of Troy# 
 Chry'saor, according to Heilod, was produced by 
 the blood which ran from the head of Medufa, 
 when it was cut off. He immediately appeared 
 with a golden fword in his hand 5 from whence he , 
 took his name. He afterwards married the beau- 
 tiful Callirrhoe, the daughter of Oceanus, by 
 whom he had Geryon with three heads. He was, 
 in reality, no more than a famous artificer, who 
 worked in gold and ivory, and he wore a golden 
 fword the firft time he appeared at the court of 
 Phofcys, who, by great rewards, keept him in his 
 dominions# 
 
 Ckrt^ 
 
C I 
 
 ChPvY'seis, the daughter of Chryfes, prieft of Apol- 
 lo, whom Agamemnon took captive and detained 
 after the fiege of Thebes j he is faid to have prefer- 
 red her to Clytemneftra, on account of her beauty 
 and Ikill in embroidery. He took her wifh him to 
 the liege of Troy, when.her father came to demand 
 her back in the prieftly robes, and was refufed : 
 but he petitioned Apollo, and obtained hisrequelf, 
 that the Grecian army Ihould be afHi6fed with the 
 plague, which continued till ilie was rendered back 
 by the order of Calchas. After this, Agamemnon 
 took away Brifei’s from Achilles, which occa- 
 lioned a great difference between thefe two leaders* 
 Homer. 
 
 Chryses, prieft of Apollo, the father of Chryfeis. 
 
 Chrysi'ppus, the natural fon ofPelops. Laius, 
 king of Thebes, was very fond of him, on ac- 
 count of bis beauty, but Pelops carried him off s 
 but Hippodamia, his wife, fearing he Ihould one 
 day dethrone her hufband, treated him very ill j 
 and defired her fons, Atreus and Thyeifes, to kill 
 him, which they refufing, Hippodamia refolved 
 fo do it herfelF, and taking the fword of Laius, Ihe 
 flabbed Cbryfippus, and left it in his body. How- 
 ever, he lived long enough to prevent LaVus from 
 being fufpe6fed of the crime, which caufed Hip- 
 pcdamia to kill horfelf. Euripides, 
 
 ChrysIS, a prieftefs of Juno, at Argos. Being a- 
 lleep, her robes took fire, which not only burnt the 
 temple, but herfelf with it. 
 
 Cl'cOKUM, a river of Theifaly, whofe water con- 
 verted every thing to done that was dipped in it. 
 0^'id. 
 
 Cicu'ta, an ufurer in Thrace. 
 
 CimoTus, an illand of Greece near Milo jit abound- 
 ed with chalk, or rather an earth, known by the 
 name of Cimolean earth. 0‘V\d. Met am, 
 
 I 3 Ci'narAj 
 
C I 
 
 Ci'nara, a woman of ThefTaly, that had two daugh- 
 ters, who, being preferred to Juno, was changed 
 into fteps, at the entrance of one of her temples, 
 Ci'NYRAS, a king of Cyprus, v/ho, by miftake, lay 
 v/ith his own daughter Myrrha, by whom he had 
 Adonis. Another Cinyras was prieft of Venus, 
 and had fifty daughters, which Jupiter changed 
 into kings- fifiiers. 
 
 Ci'rce, the daughter of Sol and Perfa 5 or, accord- i 
 ing to others, of Sol and Luna j or, as others fay, 
 of Dies and Nox. She was a magician, and well I 
 acquainted with the nature of deleterious herbs. j 
 She poifoned her hufband, king of the Sarmates, 
 that the might reign alone ; whereupon, being ex- | 
 pelled the kingdom, (he went into Italy, and dwelt | 
 
 in an ifland which retains her name. There' (he j 
 
 changed Scylla, the daughter of Phorcus, into I 
 a fea-mon(ler, and Picus, king of the Latins, in- 
 to a wood- pecker. UIy(Tes and his companions be- 
 ing driven hither, (he changed his companions in- 
 to hogs, wolves, bears, and other beafts, with her 
 inchanting cup; but UlyfTes would not drink of 
 it. At length, by intreaty, (lie refiored them to 
 their former (hapes. Homer, Ovid, 
 
 Ci'RCius, a boifterous wind peculiar to Gaul. 
 
 CiRis, a name given to Scilla, the daughter of Nifus, 
 who is faid to have been changed into a bird. 
 
 CiRRHA, a cavern of Phocis, in the country of A- 
 chaia, in Greece, from whence the wind proceeded 
 which produced a divine fury, and caufed the ora- 
 cles of Apollo to be uttered. This cave was near 
 the ci ty of Delphos. 
 
 Cith^'ron, a famous mountain of Boeotia, in 
 Greece, between the city of Thebes and the Corin- 
 thian ifthmus. It was facred to Bacchus, and 
 here the Bacchanals were wont to keep their revels ; 
 
 and 
 
 : n n n H n n H K nHltnitrUUUVUWRMKflHI 
 
C L 
 
 and here alfo Pentheus was torn to pieces by his 
 mother and hfters, and A6iason by his hounds. 
 
 Claros, an ifland in the i^gean fea 5 as alfo a city 
 
 of Ionia, famous for the oracle of Apollo. O^id. 
 
 Cla'udia, a Veftal virgin, who, being fufpe6led of 
 unchaftity, cleared herfelf by tying her girdle to 
 the barge loaded with the image of Cybele, which 
 no force could remove, and drew it along the city. 
 It was faid that a million of men were not able to 
 ftir it. VirgiL Silius, 
 
 Cle'mency, is a virtue that was ranked among the 
 deities. According to Plutarch, the Romans were 
 refolved to build a temple of Clemency to Casfar ; 
 accordingly, upon one of his medals, there is an 
 image thereof. Ciaudian alTerts, that this goddefs 
 ought neither to have temple nor ftatue, becaufe 
 fhe ought to inhabit the hearts of mankind. 
 
 Cle'obis, the fon of Argia the priehefs, who, with 
 his brother Biion, fupplied the place of their mo- 
 ther’s coach-horfes, to draw her to the temple ; 
 for which a6l of piety, upon her requeft, that the 
 greateft blefling that could befal man might be be- 
 llowed upon them, they were found dead in their 
 beds the next morning, Cicero. 
 
 Cl EO MEADES, a famous wreftler, who was fo lirong, 
 that, being deprived of the reward of the vi6lory 
 he had won from an inhabitant of Epidaurus, 
 he broke down a pillar of the public bail, and 
 crufhed,to death a great number of people. He 
 faved himfelf in a tomb, where he could not be 
 afterwards found, having vanidsed away; where- 
 upon, the Oracle being confulted, he was faid to 
 be the laft of the demi gods. 
 
 Clio, one of the nine Mufes, daughter of Jupiter 
 and M nemofyne. She prefided over hidcry, and 
 is aiw ays reprefented by the figure of a young 
 I 3 woman, 
 
G L 
 
 woman, crowned with laurel, holding a trumpet 
 in her right hand, and a book, in her left. Homer, 
 Clite, daughter of Merope. She hanged herfelf, 
 
 ^ becaufe Ihe would not furvive her hufband. 
 Cloaci'na, was a goddefs, whofe image Tatius 
 (a king of the Sabines) found in the common- 
 fiiore, and not knowing what goddefs it was, he 
 called it Cloacina, from the place in which it was 
 found, and paid it divine honours. Laciant, 
 Clotho, daughter of Jupiter andThemis. Shewas 
 one of the three fatal filters who fpun the thread 
 of life, and is faid to hold the fpindle, and draw 
 the thread ; and is reprefented in a long gown of' 
 divers Colours, with a crown on her head, fet with 
 feveral Hars, and holding a fpindle in her hand. 
 Hejiod, Seneca* 
 
 Cly'metv^e, daughter of Oceanus and Thetis, and 
 wife of Japetus. Apollo was enamoured of her, 
 and had Phaeton by her, with his fiflers Lampetia, 
 Phaethufa, and Lampethufa. 
 
 Clytemne'str A, the daughter of Jupiter and Leda, 
 filter of Caltor, and wife of Agamemnon ; who, 
 living in adultery with /Egilthus, during her huf- 
 band’s ahl’ence at Troy, contrived with him to 
 murder Agamemnon at his return. She would 
 likevvife have flain her fon Oreltes 5 but Ele6tra, 
 his filter, conveyed him privately to king Stro* - 
 pheusj after he was come to age, he returned to 
 Argos, and flew his mother and her gallant. ?ro- . 
 pertius* Ovid* 
 
 Cl y't I A, the daughter of Oceanus and Thetis, 
 was beloved by Apollo, but afterwards forfaken by : 
 him, becaufe, through jealoufy of Leucothoe, Ihe 
 difeovered to Orchamus the amours of that god 
 with his daughter ; whereupon the pined away with 
 hunger and grief, and was changed into a helio- ; 
 t-rppe, or fun- flower* 
 
 Cnidus, 
 
CO 
 
 Ckidus, a city of Caria, in Afja Minor, where Ve- 
 nus was wor/hipped, and had a famous temple. 
 
 Co^CALUs, a king of Sicily, to whom Dedalus ^led 
 for /belter out of Crete j but Minos, purfuing him 
 thither, was (lain by the daughters of Cocalus. 
 O'Vid. Metam. 
 
 Co'CYTus, a river of hell, which furrounds Tarta- 
 rus, and is increafed by the tears of the wicked. 
 
 CODRUS, the fon of Melander, thelall king of A- 
 ihens, who voluntarily gave his life for the good 
 of his country. JujHn, Horace, 
 
 CoELUs, fon of the Air and Terra. Pie is looked 
 upon as the moil ancient of the gods, and was de- 
 throned by his fon Saturn j and that there might 
 be no danger of his having other fons, he cahrated 
 him, and threw the parts into the lea, which gave 
 birth to Venus. 
 
 Colchis, a country of Afia, near Pontus, famous 
 for the golden fleece. 
 
 CoLCHOS,the capital city of Colchis. 
 
 Columns of Hercules, two mountains near, the 
 Straits of Gibraltar, that in Spain is called 
 Calpe, the other in Barbary called Abyla. They 
 are faid to have been fet up by Hercules, at the 
 end of his travels, as the bounds of the Weflern 
 world, 
 
 Compita'les, a fort of public Lares, who were 
 looked upon as flie guardians of cities and high- 
 ways. 
 
 Compita'lia, feftivals in which they offered facrl-’" 
 flees to the Lares, in all the croL-roads both of 
 town and country. Cicero, 
 
 CoMus, the god of feflivals, women’s ornaments, 
 and gallantry. He was repiefented as young and 
 beautiful, with a red face, occafioned by too much 
 drinking, bearing in his right hand a lighted flam- 
 
c o 
 
 beau, and bis left was fu 4 )ported by a ftaffj on 
 bis head were garlands of flowers. 
 
 Concord, a goddefs among the Romans, to whom 
 they erefted a fuperb temple, and was the daugh- 
 ter of Jupiter and Themis. She is reprefented on 
 coins, with a cup in one hand, and a horn of plen- 
 ty in the other, to (hew that plenty attends a coun- 
 try where they live in concord and friendfhip. 
 
 CONON, a noted mathematician of Samos, who wrote 
 a book upon aftrortomy j as alfo a general of the 
 Athenians. Virgil, Nepos, 
 
 Gonsus, the god of councils, fuppofed to be the 
 fame as Neptune. The Romans ere61ed an altar to 
 him under a fmall roof in the great Circus, which 
 was half fwallowed up by an earthquake j' they 
 celebrated magnificent fcftivals to his honour, be- 
 caufe he had advifed Romulus to the rape of the 
 Sabines. 
 
 CoRCYRA, an ifland in the Ionian fea, called by 
 the ancients Phasacia, in wbk:h the fjuit grew a- 
 gain as foon as it was gathered. Uiyfles wasfliip- ' 
 wrecked here in his pallage to Ithaca. 
 
 Core'suS', a pried of Bacchus.^ 
 
 CorPnna, a beautiful lady, a miftrefsof Ovid. j 
 
 Corinth, a noted and conficlerab'e city of AcHaia. 
 
 It is feated in the middle of the ifthmus going , 
 into Peloponnefus. It became fo populous and 
 wealthy, that the Romans grew jealous of their 
 greatnels 5 whereupon the^ fent an army againft 
 it, and burnt the city, wherein were many cu- 
 rious ftatiies of different forts of metal,, whence a 
 moft curious mixed metal proceeded in higher 
 erteem than filver among the Romans, and was 
 called Corinthian brais. This city was afterwards 
 rebuilt by Julius Cagfar. 
 
 CoRC3e^:3US, the fon of Mygdon, a fuitor to Caffan- 
 
 dia, 
 
 
C R 
 
 dra, Pi iam's daughter. He was /lain byPeneleus, 
 a Grecian, at the deftruaion of Troy. Virgil, ^ 
 
 Coro'nis, a beautiful nymph, daughter of Phlegy- 
 as, called likewife Arfinoe. She was beloved by 
 polio; bat being too familiar with Ifchis, the fon 
 of Elatus, of The/Taly, a raven, feeing them toge- 
 thur, acquainted Apollo therewith, who /lew her, 
 and took the infant out of her womb. He was 
 named -^fculapius, and committed to the care of 
 Chiron the Centaur : hence they fay, the raven’s 
 feathers, which were white before, were changed 
 into black. Quid, Meiam, 
 
 There was another Coronis, whom Minerva meta- 
 morphofed into a crow, when /he fled from the 
 purfuits of Neptune. 
 
 Corti'na, the /kin of the ferpent Python; with 
 which Pythonifla covered the tripod on which /he 
 fat when /he uttered her oracle. 
 
 CoRUS, one of the principal winds. 
 
 CoRYBA'NTES, were the priefts of Cybele. They 
 celebrated their feftivals with dancing about the 
 flreets, and begged money of the people whom 
 they met. The firft inhabited mount Ida, in Phry- 
 gia. 
 
 Cra'teus, the fon of Minos and Pafiohae, who, 
 having confuitedthe Oracle about his deftiny, was 
 told he /hould be killed by one of his children. 
 Althemenes, knowing the misfortune wherewith 
 his father was threatened, killed one of his fiflers, 
 who had been raviilied by Mercury, married the 
 re/l to foreign princes, and became a voluntary ex- 
 ile himfelf. Crateus, after this^ feemed to be free 
 from all danger ; however, he could not live with- 
 out his fon, and therefore fitted out a fleet to go in 
 fearchofhim. He landed in the ifle of Rhodes, 
 where his fon was. The inhabitants took up arms 
 to oppofe Crateus, believing him to be an enemy ; 
 
 and 
 
C R 
 
 arid Althemertes Ut fly an arrow at Crateus, wW 
 died with the hurt. When Althejnenes came to 
 know hiiD) he befought the gods that he might 
 be immediately fwallowed up in the earth, 
 
 Cx-tON, the Ton of Menotius, and brother of Jo- 
 cafta. OEdipus having killed his father La'ius 
 unawares, Cieon caufed himfelf to be proclaimed 
 king of rhebes. In his reign the people were 
 greatly annoyed by the monfter Sphinx, who de- 
 droyed all that could not expound her riddle; 
 whereupon Creon made a public declaration, that 
 whoever could give the interpretation, fhould have I 
 Jocalta his fifter to wife, and l^e fupreme governor | 
 of the kingdom . OEdipus explained it fo truly, i 
 that the Sphinx caft herfelf down a precipice, and 
 killed herfelf. After this, he married Jocada, and 
 was advanced to the throne j but coming lo know | 
 that he had married his own mother, he went vo« . 
 luntariiy into banifhment, and left the kingdom to ^ 
 his two fons, who, quarrelling, were both killed 
 in battle. Then the kingdom came back to Creon,. 
 on whom, by reafon of his cruelty, Thefeus raadc^ 
 war, and killed him. Statius. ^ ^ 
 
 There was another Creon, king- of Corinth, whom ) 
 Medea caufed to die in a miferable manner. 
 Crete, a famous ifland, feated between Rhodej j 
 and Peloponnefus, now called Candy. There, r 
 they fay, Jupiter was brought up, and buried. 
 There were once an hundred cities in this ifland. 
 Cre^theus, fon of /Bolus, father of .^fon, anc 
 king of lolcos. His wife, Heniodicea, falfly ac- 
 cufed Phryxus of having attempted her honour j 
 which Cretheus believed, and would have put hin 
 to death ; but he fled with his fifter Helle, 
 CretHON, fon of Diodes, who going to the flegeol 
 Troy with his brother Orfilocus, they were both 
 killed at one blow by /Eneas. Homsr. 
 
 CR¥USAj 
 
C R 
 
 CuEu'sA, the daughter of Creon, king of Corintlv 
 whom Jafon married, having firft deferted his wife 
 Medea 5 for which reafon, Medea fent her a cafket 
 with wild-fire in it, which burnt her as foon as (he 
 opened it. As alfo wife of iEneas, and daugh- 
 ter of Priam, who was loft in the ftreets of Xroy, 
 while JEnezs, with his father and fon, made his 
 efcape. FirgiL ^ 
 
 Cf-INIS, a ptieft of Apollo. This god puniftied 
 him by filling his fields with rats and mice, be- 
 caufe he had negleaed his duty in facrificing. 
 However, Crinis forfook his error, and Apollo 
 killed all thefe animals with his arrows. 
 
 Crint'sus, a Trojan pfmce, who lived in the time 
 of Laomedon. This king, whom Neptune and 
 Apollo had alTifted to rebuild the walls of Troy, 
 refufed them their wages which he had promifed ; 
 whereupon Neptune was angry, and fent a great 
 fea-monfter to wafte the country : upon this, con- 
 fulting the Oracle, they were told that the only 
 remedy w'as to appeafe him with the young maids 
 of Troy j but Hippotes, a noble Trojan, fearing his 
 daughter Egefta ftiould fall to the monfter’s ftiare, 
 he put her in a vefiel, thinking it better ftic fticnld 
 be drowned out of his fight, than be devoured be- 
 fore his face. She was driven into Sicily, where 
 Crinifus falling in love with her, he turned hirn- 
 felf into a dog or bear, and lay with her, wdience 
 proceeded Aceftes, who was afterwards king of 
 Sicily. He is faid to have wept fo much for the 
 lofs of his daughter, that he was changed into a 
 river, and the gods, as a reward cf his tendernefs, 
 gave him a power of transforming himfelf into 
 what fttape he pleafed 5 by which means he often 
 furprifed the nymphs, and lay with them before 
 they were well aware, O vtd>. !' irgiU 
 
 Of-Ocusj 
 
G Y 
 
 Cft-OCUS, a handfome young man, who, being in 
 love with a young lady, called Smilax, pined a- ■ 
 way into a flower of that name. As alfo a huntf- 
 man, who, at the requeft of the Mules, was chang- 
 ed into aconfteilation, and named Sagittary. Ovid, 
 Me tarn, 
 
 Cte'siphon, an excellent arebiteft, who built the 
 temple of Diana at Ephefus. 
 
 Cum A, a city of ^oiis, oppofite to Lefbos, the coun- 
 try of the Sibyl called Cumaea, who afterwards ! 
 came into Italy. 
 
 CuMjE, a city of Campania, in Italy, not far from ^ 
 Pnteoli. 
 
 Cupid, the god of love, fon of Mars and Venus, 
 who prefided over pleafure. He is reprefented in 
 the figure of a naked boy fometimes, with a fillet 
 over his eyes, a bow in his hand, and a quiver on 
 his flioulders j as alfo a torch in one hand, and a 
 bow with arrows in the other, wherewith he 
 wounds the hearts of lovers. . There Was another 
 Cupid, the fon of Erebus and Nox, and author of 
 the unlawful amours. O^id. Seneca. 
 
 CureTes, the fame as Corybantes, They were fix 
 brothers, who came from the hill Ida into. Crete, 
 and to whom Rhea committed the bringing up of 
 her young fon Jupiter, for fear of difobliging her 
 hufband Saturn, They were the firil that ufed 
 drums, and dancing in armour. 
 
 Cy'ane, a Sicilian nymph, daughter of Cyanippe, 
 
 * who, helping Proferpine againft Pluto, was chang* 
 ed into a river of the fame name. O vid, 
 
 Cyane'e, the daughter of the river Meander, and 
 mother of Caunus and Biblis. She was changed 
 into a rock, becaufe ftie would not liften to a young 
 man that was pallionately in love with her, and 
 who killed himfelf in her prefence, which did not 
 give her the leaft concern. 
 
 Cyanj'f- 
 
C Y 
 
 Cyani^pus, a prince of Syracufe,who, having con- 
 temned the feafts of Bacchus, fell into fuch a fit of 
 drunkennefs, that he violated his daughter Cyane. 
 Soon after the ifland of Syracufe was ravaged by a 
 horrible plague; upon which the Oracle was con- 
 fulted, who told them the plague Ihould not ceafe 
 till the inceltuous perfons were facrificed. Cyane 
 dragged her father to the altar, and after fhe had 
 flain him killed herfelf. 
 
 Cv^BELE, daughter of Sol or Coelus, and wife of Sa- 
 turn. She was otherwife called Ops, Rhea, Vefta, 
 Bona-Dea, the Mother of the Gods, Dindyma, 
 Idasana, and Berecynthia. She was e^pofed foon 
 after her birth to the wild bealts, which took care 
 of her, and fed her ; the Corybantes were her 
 priefts, who woifhipped her with the found of 
 drums, trumpets, tabors, pipes, and cymbals. She 
 was reprefented with a tower on her head, a key- 
 in her hand, a flowered gown, and furrounded by 
 animals ; fometimes fhe is placed upon a car, 
 drawn by four lions. Quid. Virgih 
 Cy'c LADES, were nymphs transformed into iflands, 
 in the iEgean fea, becaufe they did not facrifice 
 to Neptune. - 
 
 Cyclops, were the fons of Neptune and Amphi- 
 trite, and aflifted Vulcan in forging Jupiter’s thun- 
 derbolts. They had only one eye in the middle 
 of the forehead. Polyphemus, Brontes, Steropes, 
 and Pyracmon, are the moft noted among the 
 poets. They were an ancient people, inhabiting 
 tbe ifland of Sicily, who being powerful in feats 
 of war, they were termed giants by the poets. 
 They were killed by Apollo, to revenge the death 
 of bis Ton ^fculapius, whom Jupiter had flain 
 with a thunderbolt forged by them. VirgtU 
 O^vid^ Statius^ Claudius* 
 
 K CycNuSf 
 
C Y 
 
 CycNUS, or Cygnus, the fon of Mars, flain by 
 Hercule?. Alfo Neptune's fon, flain by Achilles 
 in the Trojan war, and turned into a fwan. A 
 Icing of the Lygurians, who, bewailing the death 
 of Phaeton, was metamorphofed into a fwan. 
 
 Cydi^ppe, a noble and beautiful lady, beloved by 
 Acontius, who, by reafon of their difparity of birth 
 and fortune, defpairing to attain her, contrived a 
 way to trepan her into a proinife of marriage, by 
 writing a couple of verfes upon an apple. 
 
 Cylle'ne, a'mouniain of Arcadia, where Mercury 
 was born. Virgil. 
 
 Cy nosu'ra, the conflellation called theLefler Bear; 
 as alfo the name of a promontory in Peloponnefus, 
 and of a mountain in Arcadia. 
 
 Gy'nthia, or the moon : as alfo a name of Diana, 
 who was faid to be born on the mountain Cynthus# 
 
 Cy'nthius, a name of Apollo, from the hill Cyn- 
 thus, in Delos, fo high that its fhadow is faid to 
 fpread over the whole ifland. 
 
 Cypari'ssus, a young man of extraordinary beau- 
 ty, beloved by Apollo, and, being difconfolate for 
 the death of a flag he had accidentally killed in 
 hunting, was by Apollo changed into a cyprefs- 
 tree OvU, 
 
 Cypris, a name of Venus, fo called from the ifland- 
 Cyprus, where Ihe was worlhipped. 
 
 Cyprus an ifland in the Mediterranean fea, feated 
 between Syria and Cilicia, whole inhabitants were 
 fo wanton, that it was confecrated to Venus. Its 
 two piincipal cities were Salarais and Paphos. 
 
 Cyre'ne, the daughter of Peneus, and mother of 
 Ariftus, by Apollo : as alfo a city of Africa. 
 
 Cyrnus, a fon of Hercules, from whom the ifland 
 now called Corfica had its name. 
 
 Cyrrha, an ifland famous for the Oracle of A- 
 pollo. 
 
 Cythe'ra, 
 
D JE 
 
 Cvthe'«a, an ifland between Peloponnefus and 
 Crete, near which Venus arol'e from the froth of 
 the fea. The inhabitants of this ifland were wor- 
 fhippers of Venus, and ere6Vcd a fuperb temple to 
 her honour, under the name of Venus Urania. 
 
 CyTHfi'RON, a fhepherd of Boeotia, who counfelled 
 Jupiter to pretend a new marriage, in order to bring 
 back Juno, from whom he was divorced. This 
 expedient was attended with fuccefs j and Jupiter, 
 to reward the fhepherd, metamorphofed him into 
 a mountain near the city of Thebes, which was 
 afterwards confecrated to Bacchus. 
 
 D. 
 
 D A'ctyli-Id^i, or DaBylsy were the priefts 
 of Cybele, inftituted on the following occa- 
 fion ; Cybele having been delivered of Jupiter and 
 Juno at one birth, fhe only prefented Juno to Sa- 
 turn", and gave Jupiter to the Coribantes, to be 
 nurfed by ftealth, left Saturn fhould devour him ; 
 and the priefts, left the crying of the infant fhould 
 difeover him, invented a kind of game, wherein 
 they ftruck upon little brafs fhields, and fo pre- 
 vented the father’s difeovering the fon. Virgil. 
 DiE'DALUS, a moft ingenious Athenian artift, who 
 invented the faw, the axe, the plummet, the au- 
 ger, and glue; fails for fliips, fail-yajds, and fta- 
 tues, fo contrived as to make the eyes move' as if 
 living. Being accufed of the death of Perdix, his , 
 nephew, he fled into Crete, and there made the 
 labyrinth, into which Minos put him and his fon 
 Icarus ; becaufe he had made a cow of wood, 
 v/herein Pafiphae placing herfeif, became guilty of 
 monftrous lev/dnefs. He^ feeing no way to efcape^ 
 K z . defired 
 
\ 
 
 D A 
 
 defired feathers and wax to make a prefent, as he 
 pretended, for the king 5 but he made himfelf and 
 his fon wings therewith, and fo flew from Crete to 
 Sardinia, and from thence to Cumae, where, hav- 
 ing loft his fon by the way, by the melting of the 
 wax that held the feathers together, becaufe he 
 foared too near the fun, he built a temple to 
 Apollo. 0<vid, j 
 
 Da'nae, the daughter of Acrifius, king of Argos, | 
 and of Eurydice, who, being told by an Oracle that 
 he fhould be flain by his grandchild, fhut up his | 
 daughter in a tower of brafs 5 but Jupiter, turning j 
 himfelf into a golden fhower, had criminal con- j 
 verfation with her. After her delivery, her father 1 
 caufed her and her new-born child to be put into 
 a cheft and caft into the fea. The cheft being 
 thrown upon the coaft of Daunia, a fiftierman 
 took it up, and prefented it to the king Pilumnus, 
 who married Danae, and brought up her fon Per- 
 fens, who, when of age, flew his grandfather, and 
 fo fulfilled the Oracle. O^id. Metam. Horace. 
 
 Dan ABIDES, the fifty daughters of Danaus, who 
 were married to the fifty fons of .^gyptus, his 
 brother, whereof all but Hypermneftra flew their 
 hufbands upon the wedding-night ; after which 
 Jupiter condemned them to fill a tub full of holes 
 with water in the infernal regions. 
 
 Da^naus, a king of Argos, and brother of ALgyp- 
 tus 5 who, failing into Greece, and having expelled 
 King Sthenelus, fixed his habitation at Argos, 
 whence the Grecians were called Danai. Virgil. 
 
 Daphne, a nymph and daughter of Peneus, a river 
 of Theflaly, beloved by Apollo, who was chang- 
 ed ;nto a laurel, or bay- tree, as fhe fled his pur- 
 fuits. Quid, Met am. 
 
 Da PH N IS, a young fhepherd of Sicily, the fon of 
 Mercury, and the firft writer of paftorals. He 
 
 was 
 
D E 
 
 was in love with a nymph, and agreed with her, 
 that, if either of them broke their plighted faith, the 
 party offending fhould be pi^nifhed with the lofs of 
 both eyes. Daphnis, forgetting his promife, fell 
 in love with another nymph, and was immediately 
 ftruck blind. 
 
 Darda'nia, a country in Afia Minor, otherwife 
 called Troy. 
 
 Da'rdanus, the fon of Jupiter and Ele6lra, who, 
 having killed his brother Janus, fled into Afia, and 
 there built the city Dardania, afterwards called 
 Troy, from Tros, the fon of Eri6thonius, and 
 grandchild of Dardanus 5 as alfo Ilium, from 
 Ilus,' the fon of Tros. VirgiL O vid, 
 
 Daunus, the fon of Pelumnus and Danae, and fa- 
 ther of Turnus. Virgil, 
 
 TedaTion, brother of Ceix, was fo grieved for the 
 death of Chione his daughter, that he threw him- 
 felf from the top of mount Parnafl'us 5 but Jupiter 
 changed him into a falcon. 
 
 Deiani'ra, the daughter of OEneus, king of /Tito- 
 lia } that was firft betrothed to Acheious, and 
 afterwards to Hercules 5 who defigning to crofs 
 a river, Neflus the Centaur offered to help the 
 bride over. But as Hercules remained on the other 
 fide, he, would have ravilhed her: whereupon 
 
 Hercules fliot him with an arrow, poifoned with 
 the blood of Hydra. Neflus, finding himfelf a dy- 
 ' gave Deianira a fliirt, dyed with his own blood ; 
 telling her, that, if her hufband wore it, he could 
 love no other woman but herfelf. T his credulous 
 lady, hearing her hufband was fallen in love 
 with lola in Euboea, fent him the fliirt, which he 
 had no fooner put on, but he fell mad : whs e* 
 upon he flew Lichas, who brought it, and threw 
 himfelf into a fire on mount Oeta. Deianira, hear- 
 K 3 in^ 
 
D E 
 
 if!g of It, {lew heifelf with his club, from whofe 
 biood fprung the herb Nymphaea. Ovid. Met am., 
 
 Deida'mia, the daughter of Lycomedes, the king 
 of Scyros, by whom Achilles had Pyrrhus, while 
 he dwelt there in a woman’s attire. Propertius, 
 
 pEiOPE^iA, one of the mofl beautiful nymphs of 
 Juno, whom fhe promifed to give uSioius for a ] 
 wife. Virgil. 
 
 DePphobe, the name of the Sibyl of Cumae. 
 
 DePphobus, the’fon of Priam and Hecuba, who 
 'married Helen after the death of Paris, and was 
 by her delivered into the hands of the Grecians. 
 Virgil. 
 
 PEpptiON, fon of Triptolemus and Meganyra, or, 
 according to others, of Hippothoon, Ceres was fo 
 fond of him, that fhe was willing to make him 
 immortal, and for that purpofe threw him into 
 the fire 5 when his mother Meganyra, being alarm-* 
 ed at the fight, by her Ihrieks fo difturbed the 
 myfteries of that goddefs, that fhe immediately af-» 
 ceiTded i^er car, drawn by dragons, and left Dei- 
 phon to be burnt. 
 
 pELiA, a feaft in honour of Apollo, furnamed De- 
 Jus, or Delius, from the city of Delos, where he 
 was born, 
 
 De'lia, a nam^iof Diana, from the ifland of Delos, 
 where file was born. 
 
 De'lians, the inhabitants of Delos, 
 
 Pe^lius, a name of Apollo. 
 
 Pelos, an ifland in the ^gean fea, where Latona 
 uas delivered of Apollo and Diana, to whom, 
 therefore, this illand was afterwards confecrated, 
 and whtVe he uttered his oracles. 
 
 Delphi, a city of Phocis, in Greece, feated on 
 mount ParnafTuS;, and fanious for the Oracle of 
 Apollp, 
 
 PEI^PHUSi, 
 
D I 
 
 pSi;VoS .tc.^T= »;, j," 
 
 Jri!;curg«s fell in t;*^,-‘%,t?tnne'afTe:^ 
 
 l"r".o Athenl and P-.-ii-^d 
 but not being fo good as his woid, fte hangea 
 
 DH'LVETE"s!VSSf(^^ I 
 
 v"«. »d .h.,„.d ; 
 
 drowned a great part of ;^hich rafted ' 
 
 his wife were faved, in a Imaii inip, 
 
 „.u„. ' 
 
 LTlkJ Kd"‘b" 
 
 Ihoulders, which became men and worn . 
 V^JT,‘the goddeft of hunting, ^ 
 
 or Phoebe in heaven, ^"d Diana on 
 
 chaliity. one viewinsr ner when ,, 
 
 phofed Aaseon into a ftag;, tor vie ng 
 
 pr"«f biSiXl »%”" f»«>'”°> ‘‘““Jl 
 
D I 
 
 cofed by CilllHo, who was de. 
 
 in iovf S. i-aid to h,ye 
 
 often fprfook heaven to ^"^y^ion, and 
 
 as u Will /he harl ^ ^ But be 
 
 oi the goddeffesXtiZ'r -eft 
 
 "'as generaJIy huntino- =< petend ; die 
 
 ryades, ceJebrafed fedivaJ^LZ 
 IS leprefented as fittino- itonour. She 
 
 , st-ned with a bow ?nr "■ """ by deer 
 -■th a crefcent onTer h^d'!" st 1“'^ of arrows, 
 ^phefos, which was Paid to ® temple at 
 
 aifo one of the Centaur 7?"'" '"to the fea. As 
 
 covetoufnefs, bafeJv mn *iad, through 
 
 effeas failed into Africa anTh’ X beft 
 
 as /he could compafs wi,h^ bought as much land 
 ibe cut into very fmall tl * bide, which 
 
 with agreat qu^antity of ‘bere- 
 
 *bage upon this ^uilt Car- 
 
 of ‘he GetuliansrwouS £ ” «'^tbas, king 
 
 bim ; but die, rather th Z^/^t-ced her to marrv 
 i?td, killed herfdf’^^^V- her de^ 
 
 did it, becaufe the ' Ptetends that 
 
 hot ^hatisi,r,pomiZZZZ^^‘^^‘^ by AJneas 
 ^oiogy 1 for cLthage’was l;"tp® "'’ro- 
 
 dred years after his fimT ^ hour hun- 
 
 Dei* 
 
D I 
 
 Deipyla, one of the Grecian chiefs at the fiege 
 of Troy ; when he returned from thence, he was 
 aihamed to go home, on account of his wife's !ewd- 
 nefs j and, therefore, went ' into Italy, and fltared 
 the Icingdom with Daunus. From his father he 
 is called Tydides. Homer, Virgil. Outd, 
 
 Dio'ne, a fea nymph, the mother of Venus, by Ju- 
 piter, whence die is called Dionaea^ Some lay Ihe 
 was the daughter of Oceanus and Thetis. Virgtl, 
 Dion y'si A, fedivals in honour of Bacchus. 'Terence^ 
 Diony'sius, a name of Bacchufe, fo called from the 
 city Nyfa, where he had a fuperb temple. It 
 alfo the name of two tyrants in Sicily. 
 Dioscu'ri, the name of Caftor and Pollux, the 
 fons of Jupiter by Leda, 
 
 Dirge, the wife of Lycus, king of Thebes, whom 
 he married after he had divorced Antiope j who, 
 perceiving that Antiope was with child, was jea- 
 lous of her hufband, and threw her into priibn, 
 from whence Jupiter releafed her, and ihe was de- 
 livered of Amphion and Zethus, who afterwards 
 flew Lycus, and tied Dirce to the tail of a wild 
 bull, which dragged her about, till the gods out 
 of pity turned her into a fountain of^ her name. 
 Plautus. 0<vid, Propertius . 
 
 Disco'rdia, the goddefs of difeord, whom Jupi- 
 ter banifhed out of heaven, for exciting divihons 
 among the gods. She was difpieafed at not being 
 invited to the marriage of Thetis and Peleus, with 
 the other godsj and, relblving to be revenged, threw 
 a golden apple upon the table, with thefe words 
 written on it, ‘‘ Let it be given to the faireft.” 
 Juno, PaHas, and Venus, contended for this apple, 
 till Paris, by the order of Jupiter, ended the dif- 
 ference in favour of Venus, which occafioned a 
 great deal of mifehief. She is reprefented with 
 fnakes on her head, inftead of hair, holding a 
 
 burning 
 
D R 
 
 burning torch in one hand, and a ferpent and a 
 poniard in the other, with a pale countenance, 
 fiery flaring eyes, a foaming mouth, and bloody 
 hands. VirgiL Horace, 
 
 Djthyr a'mbus, a name of Bacchusj as alfo a 
 fort of licentious poem made in honour of Bac- 
 chus. Horace, 
 
 Dodo'na, a city of Epirus, in Greece, on the bor- 
 ders of ThefTaly, famous for its fountain and 
 grove, wherein was a temple confecrated to Ju- 
 piter; as alfo for the oracles delivered there, which 
 were faid to proceed from the oaks. 
 
 Dolon, a Trojan, famous for his fwiftnefs, who, 
 coming into the Grecian camp as a fpy, was taken 
 by Ulyfl’es; and, though he difeovered the defigns 
 of the Trojans, he was flain to prevent his telling 
 more tales. 
 
 Do'lopes, a people of Epirus, in Greece, who went 
 to the fiege of Troy. Ho?ner, Virgil, 
 
 Doris, a nymph of the fea, daughter of Oceanus 
 and Thetis, who being married to her brother 
 Nereus, had fifty nymphs by him, called the Ne- 
 reides. O^id, Met am, 
 
 Druids, prieflsof theancient Britons andGauls,who 
 took care of the facrifices, preferibed laws for their 
 worfhip, and inftru6fed the youth. They held oaks 
 in great efleem, but efpecially mifletoe, which they 
 worfhipped. They ufed to facrifice men to Mer- 
 ciii)s which barbarous cuftom was taken away by 
 Claudius Caefar. Cicero, Tacitus, Suetonius, 
 
 Dry'ope, a nymph of Arcadia, beloved by Nep- 
 tune. One day holding her fon in her arms, fhe 
 tore off a branch of the tree called Lotos, for a 
 play-thing. Bacchus, to whom this plant was de- 
 dicated, was fo angry, that he changed her into a 
 tree. Some fay was a nymph ravifhed by 
 
 Apello, 
 
E G 
 
 Apollo, afterwards married to Andraernon, and 
 lalt turned into a iote-iree. VirgiL Onjid, 
 Dry'ades, nymphs or goddefTes of the. woods# 
 Virgil, Onjid, 
 
 DuLi'cHiUM, an illand in the Ionian Tea, near 
 Ithaca. 
 
 Dy'ndimene, a name of Cybele, from a mountain 
 ib called, where the had a fuperb temple. 
 
 E. 
 
 E Chi'nadts, nymphs fo called, turned intoiflands 
 of the fame name, for hot having invited Ache- 
 lous to a facrifice of ten bulls, though they had in- 
 vited all the other gods of the woods and rivers. 
 O^vid. Metam, 
 
 E'chiOK, one of thofe who aflifted Cadmus in build* 
 ing Thebes. 
 
 Echo, the daughter of Aer and Terra. She dwelt 
 on the banks of the river Cephifus. Juno con- 
 demned her to repeat nothing but the laft word of 
 thofe who afked her any queftlon, becaufe hie had 
 fpoken imprudently to her. She fell in love with 
 NarcifTus j but, being (lighted, (he retired into the 
 grottos, mountains, and forefts, where (he pined 
 away, and was changed into a rock. 
 
 Ege'ria, a nymph of (ingular beauty, whom Diana 
 changed into a fountain. Teeming women were 
 wont to facrifice to her, that they might have an 
 eafy labour ; and Numa gave out that he received 
 a vifit from her every night, and that (he taught 
 him his religious rites. Lvvy. O^id, 
 
 Ege'sta, the daughter of Hippotes, a Trojan 
 prince, who, fearing to be facrificed to the fea for 
 Laomedon’s perfidy, was put into a boat, and, 
 
 landing 
 
E L 
 
 landing in Sicily, bore Aceftes to the river Chri - 
 nifus. Some fay /he was expofed by her father, 
 to prevent her being devoured by a fea-monfter, 
 Vvhom the Trojans were obliged to fupply with a 
 virgin every year, to expiate the crime of Lao- 
 medon. 
 
 Egi'ale, filler of Phaeton, who, weeping ince/Tantly 
 for the death of her brother, was, with her fifters, 
 changed into poplar-trees. 
 
 Egi'pius, a young The/Talian, and fon of Bulls 5 
 by dint of money he obtained Tymandra, the moft 
 beautiful woman in her time. Neophron, fon of 
 Tymandra, piqued at thi§ odious agreement, ob- 
 tained the fame thing of Bulis, who being in- 
 formed when Egipius was to meet Tymandra, he 
 fent her away, and put Bulis in her place j after 
 which he left her, with a promife to return imme- 
 diately. Egipius came to the place of meeting, 
 and had criminal converfation wilh his own mo- 
 flier, which he did not know of till afterwards. 
 They conceived fo much horror at this a6lion, 
 that they were going to kill themfelves 5 but Ju- 
 piter changed Egipius and Neophron into vul- 
 tures, Bulis into a didapper, and Tymandra into 
 a bird called Parus. Pliny, 
 
 Egon, a famous wre/ller, who dragged a wild bull 
 by the feet from the top of a mountain, to make 
 a prefent of to Amarillis. 
 
 Ele'ctra, the daughter of Agamemnon and Cly- 
 temn^ftra, and filter of Orelles, whom Ihe per- 
 fiiaded to revenge the death of Agamemnon, 
 that ^gifthus had alTa/Iinated, in concert with 
 Clytemneftra, at his return from Troy. Euripides* 
 
 O'Vid. 
 
 There was another Ele6lra, daughter of OEdipus; 
 and another, the daughter of Oceanus and Te> 
 thys; this laft was mother of another, who was the 
 mother of Dardanus. 
 
 Eleu- 
 
E N 
 
 Eleusina, a name of Ceres, from Eleufis, a city In 
 Africa, where (he had a magnificent temple, and 
 where her myfteries were celebrated more exa6^1y 
 than in any other part of the world. During the 
 celebration they kept a profound filence, and it 
 was looked upon as a great crime to reveal the 
 leaft circiimftance relating thereto. 
 
 Elis, a country of Peloponnefus. 
 
 Elis, the city Elis, near the river Pelus, famous 
 for the Olympic games there celebrated. 
 
 Eli'za, a name of Dido. 
 
 Elpe'nor, one of the companions of Ulyfles, who 
 was changed by Circe into a hog j and when he 
 was afterwards reftored to his fhape, he fell from 
 a high roof, and broke his neck. O^vid, 
 
 Ely^sium, the place alTigned, by the poets, for 
 the habitation of the fouls of good men after death: 
 hence they fpeak of the Elyfian fields, where there 
 is an everlaiUng verdure, with perpetual happU 
 nefs. 
 
 Ema'thia, a country in Europe, bordering on 
 Thrace. 
 
 Ema'thion, a famous robber, who killed all thofe 
 who fell into his hands. He was llain by Hercules,, 
 and the fields which he frequented were called the 
 Emathian plains. 
 
 Ence'ladus, the fon of Titan and Terra, or, as 
 others fay, of Tartarus and Terra. Jupiter over- 
 whelmed him with mount .^tna, where he was 
 half burnt 5 and as often as he ftirs, the mountain 
 throws out torrents of fire. Virgil. O^jid. Alfo 
 one of the fifty fons of.^gyptus, whom Amymone, 
 one of the Danaides, flew the firll night of their 
 nuptials, 
 
 Endy'mion, a fliepberd, the fon of Athhis, whom, 
 becaufe he found out thecourfe of the moon, the 
 poets feign that Cynthia fell in love with, and, 
 L tha% 
 
E P 
 
 that (he might be more free with him, caft him in- 
 to a deep fleep on Mount Latmos. Others fay he 
 was furprifed with Juno, and was thrown into a 
 deep fleep for thirty years. 0<vtd. 
 
 Eni'peus, a fliepherd of Theflaly, who changed 
 himfelf into a river to furpriCe Tyro. This nymph, 
 preceiving his water to be extremely clear, was de- 
 flrous of bathing herfelf in it, and then flie was 
 caught by Enipeus. 
 
 Enna, a city in the middle of Sicily, near which was 
 the temple of Ceres, and a grove, out of which 
 Pluto carried Proferpine. 
 
 E'nnius, an ancient Latin poet, who flourifhed in 
 the year four hundred and eleven, after the build- 
 ing of Rome. 
 
 E'n^o, the fifler of Mars, and goddefs of war^ 
 
 Eos, the goddefs of the morning, and a mountain in 
 Arabia. O^id. 
 
 Eo'l^s, Lucifer, or the morning ftar. Alfo one of 
 the horfes of the fun. Vi> giL 
 
 E^paphus, the fon of Jupiter and lo, who built 
 Memphis, in Egypt. 
 
 E'peus, an ingenious workman, who invented in- 
 flruments of war, as the fword and buckler, as al- 
 fo the Trojan horfe. Pliny. VirgiU 
 
 E'fhesus, the capital city of Ionia, faid to be built 
 by the Amazons, where flood the famous temple 
 of Diana. 
 
 Ephia'ltes and Otus, the fons of Neptune and 
 Iphimedia j they were two giants, who every year 
 grew taller by an ell : they were but fifteen years 
 old, when they attempted to fcale the heavens. 
 They killed each other by the contrivance of 
 Diana. 
 
 Xphy dri'ades, nymphs who prefided over fprings 
 and fountains* 
 
 r Ep.l* 
 
E R 
 
 Epidau'rus, a city of Agrla,in Pelopormefus, fa- 
 mous for the temple of -^fculapius, and a good 
 breed of horfes j as alfo for the cruel Periphetes, 
 a giant who devoured men. He was killed by 
 Thefeus, and his limbs fcattered in the fields. 
 
 Epi'goni, the pofterity of thofe who fell at Thebes 
 with Polynices. Jufiin. 
 
 Epime'nides, a philofopher of Crete, who, entering 
 into a cavern, dept twenty- feven years, or, as others 
 fay, feventy-fivej and when he came out^ there was 
 no perfon living that he knew. Pliny. Plutarch* 
 
 Epime'theus, fon of Japetus, and brother of Pro- 
 metheus, who formed men prudent and ingenious, 
 and Epimetheus the imprudent and itupid. He firfif 
 made a ftatue of clay, for which Jupiter being an- 
 gry, changed him into an ape, and banifiied him 
 into a defert. He married Pandora, a ftatue ani- 
 mated by Minerva, on whom every god beftowed 
 fome fine quality to render her perfeft. Ovid, 
 
 EpPrus, a country between Achaia, Macedonia, 
 and the Ionian fea. It was famous for a breed of 
 horfes and oxen. Ovid, Metam, 
 
 ERA'TO,one of the nine Mufes, who prefided over 
 lyric poetry. She is reprefented under the form 
 of a young chearful girl, crowned with myrtle 
 and rofes, holding a lyre in one hand, and a fiddle- 
 ftick in the other, and on her fide a winged Cu- 
 pid, with his bow and quiver. 
 
 Ere BUS, the fon of Chaos and Nox, was metamor- 
 phofed into a river, and precipitated to the bottom 
 of the infernal regions, for having aififted the Ti- 
 tans. 
 
 Ere'ctheus, an ancient king of Athens, and fa» 
 ther of Cecrops. 
 
 Eresi'cthon, a Theflfalian lord, who felled a fo- 
 reft confecrated to Ceres, and was on that ac- 
 count afflicted with fuch a monftrous appetite, 
 L z that 
 
ER 
 
 tl^at he devoured all his fubftance ; and, after that, 
 proftituted his own daughter to Supply himfelf with 
 provifions, and at laft died for want, 
 
 Eri'ctheus, a hunter brought up by Minerva, ' 
 who caufed him to be proclaimed king of Athens. 
 It is faid he was fo fkilful in (hooting with arrows, 
 that, when his fon was encirded with a dragon, he 
 killed that monlter, without hurting his fon. l^ir^ 
 gii. 
 
 Erictho^NIUS, the fon of Vulcan.* After his birth 
 he was (hut up in a bafket by Minerva, and com- 
 mitted to the care of the daughters of Cecrops, 
 Aglaura, Herfe, and Pandofa, with a charge not 
 to open it 5 but Aglaura and Herfe could not re- 
 train their curiofity j for which reafon Minerva 
 caufed them to giiW mad, and throw themfelves 
 down a precipice. When Eri6lhonius grew up, he 
 had fuch ill- fhaped legs, he did not care to appear 
 in public, on which account he invented the car, 
 which hid half his body. Onjid, 
 
 Eri'danus, the chief river of Italy, now called the 
 Po. 
 
 Erigone, the daughter of Icarus, who hanged her- 
 felf for grief that her father was killed. She wa? 
 beloved by Bacchus, who, to feduce her, turned 
 himfelf into a bunch of grapes. 
 
 ERi'NNys, a common name of the three infernal 
 Furies. 
 
 Eri'phyle, the wife of Amphiaraus, who betrayed 
 her hufband for the lucre of a bracelet, and was 
 by his father’s order flain by her fon. 
 
 Europe, the wife of Atreus having yielded to the 
 felicitations of Thyeftes, (he had two children by 
 him, whom, Atreus killed, and ferved up at a feaft 
 where Thyeftes was prefent. 
 
 Ero'stratus, an Ephefian, who, with an intent to 
 render }iis fame in^moital, fet the temple of Diana, 
 
E T 
 
 at Ephefus, on fire, the fame night that Alexander 
 was born. It was reckoned one of the feven won- 
 ders of the world, and all Afia contributed, during 
 the fpace of two hundred and twenty years, to a- 
 dorn and enrich it, for which reafon it contained 
 vaft treafures. After this fafl: was committed, the 
 Areopagus publilhed an edi6t, whereby it was for- 
 bidden, under fevere penalties, to pronounce the 
 name of Eroftratus; by which means he obtained 
 that immortality that he fought after, 
 
 ErYxVIa/nthus, a mountain in Arcadia, where 
 Hercules killed the wild boar that wafted the coun* 
 try. Alfo a foreft where Diana ufed to hunt. 
 
 Ery^sina, a furname of Venus, fo called from a 
 temple built to her honour on mount Eryx, in Si- 
 cily. 
 
 E'rythr^, a city of Ionia, where a Sibyl of that 
 name was born. 
 
 Eryx, the fon of Butis and Venus, according to the 
 fable. But his true mother was Lycafte, a noted 
 courtefan of Sicily, for her beauty commonly call- 
 ed Venus. His ftrength was fo prodigious, that he 
 wreftled with all paftengers, and killed them. But 
 Hercules fought with him and ftifled him, and 
 then buried him under the temple he had dedicat- 
 ed to Venus. 
 
 E'stion, the father of Andromache, and king of 
 Thebes. 
 
 Ete'si^, winds which arife yearly about the Dog- 
 days, and blow conftantly for forty days together 
 the fame way. 
 
 EthaTion, the name of a man who was metamor- 
 phofed into a dolplun. 0‘vid» Metatn* 
 
 Etha'lides, fon of Mercury. It is faid that his 
 father promifed to grant him whatever he defired, 
 except immortality; and he afked for the power 
 of remembering whatever he had clone, w’hen his 
 E 3 foul 
 
E V 
 
 foul tranfmigrated into other bodies. Diogenes* 
 Laertius, 
 
 Ete'ocles, the elder fon of OEdipus, by Jocafta, 
 who agreed with his brother Polynices, that, after 
 their father’s death, they (hould rule alternately, 
 year by year} but he, having reigned his year, 
 would not refign the government, upon which a 
 war enfuing, they met in the field, and killed each 
 other. Their bodies being burned in one pile, 
 the flame parted, to (hew that their antipathy, when 
 dead, was as great as when living. Statiusi 
 
 EtheTa, the wife of Laodicaeus. She obtained of 
 the gods the power of becoming a man, to bear 
 her hufband company in his adventures without 
 fear, and was then called Ethetus. 
 
 Ethon, is the name of one of the four horles of the 
 fun . 
 
 Ethra, daughter of Pitheus } fhe married ^geus, 
 king of Athens, who was lodged with her fa- 
 ther. She became with child of Thefeus } and 
 .^geus being under a neceflity of returning with- 
 out her, he left her a fword, and a pair of flioes, 
 for the child to bring him, when grown up, that 
 he might know who he was., Thefeus, afterwards 
 went to vifit his father*, who received him, and ap- 
 pointed him his heir. 
 
 Eva^dne, daughter of Mars and Thebe, the wife 
 of Afopas } but the interpreter of ,Piudar makes 
 her the daughter of Iphis, w^hich is favoured by 
 Ovid, who calls her Iphias. She was the wife of 
 Capaneus, who, when (he heard he was flain by 
 thunder, grew ftupid, and afterwards threw her- 
 feif into the funeral pile, and was burnt with him. 
 Propertius, Quid, 
 
 Evan, a name of Bacchus. O'vid, 
 
 Ev'ander, the fon of Mercury and NIcoftrata, who, 
 for her prophetic verfes, was by the Latins called 
 
E U 
 
 Carmenta. He was an Arcadian, and, having by 
 a'ccident (lain his father, pafFtd over into Italy, 
 drove out the Aborigines, and built a little town 
 near the Tyber, called Pallantium, He gave en- 
 tertainment and prote6lion to ^neas, when he 
 landed in Italy. Virg'ih 
 
 EuBOE'A,an ifland in Greece, nearBoeotia. 
 
 Eve'nus, a king of ’-^tolia, fon of Mars and 
 Sterope. He was fo nettled at having been beat in 
 a race by Idas, who had promifed him Marpeia, hit 
 daughter, to wife, if he diould gain the vi6Iory, 
 that he threw himfelf into a river, which is fince 
 called Evenus. 
 
 Evius, a name of Bacchus. 
 
 Eu'meus, a favourite of UlylTes, to whom he com- 
 mitted the care of his dominions, when he departed 
 for the fiege of Troy ; and he was the firft that 
 knew him, when he returned back. 
 
 Eume'nides, the three Furies of hell, daughters of 
 Acheron and Nox ; their names were Ale6Io, Me- 
 gsera, and Tifiphone. They punidied the wicked 
 in Tartarus, with whips made of ferpents, and 
 lighted torches. They are reprefented with fnakes 
 in dead of hair, holding ferpents and torches in 
 their hands. 
 
 Euphra'tes, a famous river of Mefopotamia, in 
 Aha, no\y called the Frat. 
 
 Euphro'syne, one of the three Graces, 
 
 Euri'clea, a young woman of Ithaca, whom La- 
 ertes bought for twenty oxen, and for whom he 
 had as great a regard as for his wife. She v/as the 
 nurfe of UlyfTes, and foon difcovered him when he 
 returned from Troy. 
 
 Euri'‘pides, an excellent tragedian, born at Sala« 
 mis the fame day that Xerxes’s army was defeateda 
 He wrote feventy-five tragedies, of which only 
 nineteen are now extant. 
 
 
E U 
 
 Etrko'PA the daiightei of Agenor, king of the 
 Phoenicians, and fifter of Cadmus. This princefs 
 was fo beautiful, that, they fay, one of the com- 
 panions of Juno had robbed her of a pot of paint 
 to beftow on this lady, which rendered her fo hand- 
 fome. She was beloved -of Jupiter, who affnrned 
 the fliape of a bull to run away with her, fwam 
 over the fea with her on his back, and carried her 
 into that part of the world, now called Europe 
 from her name. Herodotus^ 0^'td. 
 
 Euro'tas, a celebrated river of Laconia, running 
 by Sparta, having its banks planted with laurel, 
 olive, and myrtle. 
 
 Eurus, the eaft wind, and one of the four princi- 
 pal. 
 
 Eury'alus, a nobleman of Peloponnefus, who 
 went with eighty Ihips againll Troy. As alfo a 
 Trojan, famous for his friendlhip with Nifus, who 
 was killed in a battle between Turnus and 
 .^neas, 
 
 Eury'ale, the daughter of Minos, king of Crete, 
 and mother of Orion, by Neptune. As alfo queen 
 of the Amazons. 
 
 Eury'dice, the wife of Orpheus, who, flying from 
 Ariftaeus, that attempted to ravilh her, was killed 
 by the bite of a ferpent. Orpheus, inconfolable for 
 her death, went down to the infernal regions, and, 
 by the charms of his voice and lyre, perfuaded 
 Pluto and Proferpine to give him leave to carry 
 back his wife, on condition he did not look behind 
 him till he came to the light ; but he, breaking his 
 prom/fe, looked behind him, upon which flie dif- 
 appeared. O^v'td^ VirgiL 
 
 Eury'locus, one of the companions of Ulyfles, 
 who alone was not transformed into a hog, becaufe 
 bad not tailed Cuce’s cup. Q<vid* 
 
 Eurx'* 
 
E U 
 
 EuRY'machus, one of Penelope’s fultors, in the 
 abfence of her hufband Ulyfles. Quid, 
 
 Eury'medon, the father of Periboea, by whom 
 Neptune had Nanfithous, king of the Phoenicians, 
 and father of Alcinous. Homer. 
 
 Eury'nome, the mother of Leucothoe, by Jupiter, 
 wife to Orchamus, king of Peril a ; as allb the 
 daughter of Apollo, mother of Anaftus, king of 
 Argos, and Eriphyle, wife of Amphiaraus. O^td. 
 Met am. 
 
 Eury'pilus, fon of Evemon. In the dividing of 
 the fpoil at the fiege of Troy, he had a cheft, 
 which contained a itatue of Bacchus, made by 
 Vulcan, and given by Jupiter to the Trojans. Eu- 
 rypilus had no fooner looked therein, but he loH 
 his fenfes j but as foon as his reafon returned, 
 now and then, in one of his lucid intervals, he 
 confulted the Oracle of Delphos concerning his dif« 
 eafe j by whom he was told, that, when he met 
 with a country where men performed facrifices 
 with ftrange ceremonies, he fhould there ftop and 
 leave his ftatue. He arrived foon after at the port 
 of Aroe, and, feeing them about to facrifice a 
 young man and a girl to the goddefs Triclarea, he 
 immediately ftopt, and the inhabitants called to 
 mind what the Oracle had formerly predi^fed, that 
 they Ihould be freed from thefe barbarous facrifices, 
 when an unknown king, with a cheft, fhould come 
 among them, containing the ftatue of a god. Eu- 
 rypilus was cured of his diforder, after he dedicat- 
 ed the ftatue, and the people were delivered from' 
 a cruel ceremony, which had been impofed on them 
 by the fame Oracle, to expiate the crime of Me- 
 nalippus and Cornetho, who had profaned the 
 temple of Diana by their criminal amours. 
 than* 1* 4-* 
 
 Eurys- 
 
Eurysthe'us, the fon of Stheneliis, the king of 
 Micene \ or, as feme fay, of Amphitryon and 
 Aicmena, Juno haftened his birth before Hercu- 
 les, that, being the elder, he might have fome au- 
 thority over him. Juno influenced this king to en- 
 join Hercules the moft hazardous undertakings, 
 hoping he might perifh in fome of them. But he 
 furmounted them all, and turned to his glory 
 what was defigned for his ruin. Thefe a61ions 
 were called the twelve labours of Hercules. Fitny, 
 Ovid, 
 
 Eu'rytus, a king of CEchalia, who promifed his 
 daughter lole in marriage to any one that fliould 
 gain from him the prize in wreftling. Hercules took 
 him at his offer, and conquered ; but was refufed 
 the prize 5 upon which he flew the father, and car- 
 ried away the daughter. 
 
 There was a Centaur of the fame name, who, at- 
 tempting to carry off Hippodamia, was (lain by 
 Thefeus. Likewife a brother of the Titans was fo 
 called. 
 
 Eute'rpe, one of the nineMufes, who invented the 
 flute, and prefided over mufic. She is reprefented 
 under the figure of a young virgin, crowned with 
 flowers, holding mufical papers in her hand, with 
 a flute, hautboys, and other mufical inflruments 
 round her. 
 
 Euthy'mus, a famous wrefller, who fought along 
 while with a phantom, and getting the bettef, it 
 vanifhed. 
 
 E'xcetra, the name of the Lernean Hydra. 
 
 Fabu- 
 
F Abula, orFABLE,an allegorical deity, daughter 
 of Somnus and Nox. It is faid that Ihe married 
 Fal/hood, and is conftantly employed in counter- 
 feiting hiftory. She is reprei’ented with a malk up- 
 on her face, and magnificently dred. 
 
 Fame, is a poetical deity, and faid to be the filler 
 of the giant Enceladus, and the laft monfter 
 brought forth by Terra, who was offended at the 
 gods for having deflroyed her children j in re- 
 venge, fame was brought forth to divulge their 
 Cl imes, and publifh them to the world. She is de- 
 fcribed by Virgil after the follov/ing manner : 
 
 Fame, the fw-ift plague, that every moment grows, 
 And gains new ftrength and vigour as flie goes ; 
 
 Firft fmall v^ith fear, fhe fwells to wondrous fize, 
 And llalks on earth, and tow’rs above the fkies : 
 Whom, in her wrath to heav’n, the teeming Earth 
 Produc’d the laft of her gigantic birth ; 
 
 A monfter huge, and dreadful to the eye, 
 
 With rapid feet to run, or wings to fly. 
 
 Beneath her plumes the fury bears 
 A thoufand piercing eyes and lift’ning ears, 7 
 
 And with a thoufand mouths and babbling tongues ^ 
 appears. 
 
 Thund’ring by night, through heaven and earth flic 
 flies. 
 
 No golden flumbers feal her watchful eyes ; 
 
 On tow’rs and battlements fhe fits by day. 
 
 And fliakes whole towns with tenor and difmay; 
 Alarms the world around, and, perch'd on high. 
 Reports a truth, or pubiifhes a lie. 
 
 Favsai 
 
F E 
 
 Fauna, or Fatua, the daughter of PIcus, called 
 by fome Ops and J^ona Dea; the Roman matrons 
 only facrificed to this goddefs in the night, no men 
 being fuffered to be prefent. She was deified, be- 
 caufe ihe was fo faithful to her hufband, that, after 
 his death, (lie fhut herfelf up in her own apartment, 
 never fpeaking to any man. 
 
 Faunus, a god of the fields and woods, fon of Pi» 
 cus, or, according toothers, of Mercury and Nox, 
 from whom defcended the other ruftic deities, as 
 the fatyrs, the fylvans, the fauns, and the nymphs. 
 He is reprefen ted without hair on the upper part 
 of his body, and in the lower he is like a fatyr. 
 
 Favo'nius, the weftern wind, and one of the prin- 
 cipal j being faid to be nioft favourable to the pro- 
 du6fions of the earth. 
 
 Februus, a name of Pluto. The ancients thought 
 that he was ddirous of drawing as many as he 
 could to the infernal regions, in order to depopu- 
 late the world intirely. O^vid, 
 
 The Romans, likewife, adored a goddefs of purifica- 
 tions, whom they called Februa, and facrificed to 
 her in the month of February, for the manes of 
 their departed relations and friends. 
 
 Felicity, an allegorical deity, to whom they built 
 a temple at Rome. She is reprefented as a queen 
 fitting upon a throne, bolding a caducaeus in one 
 hand, and a horn of plenty in the other. 
 
 Fere'trius, a name of Jupite**, who was fo called, 
 becaufe Romulus having brought the fpoils of his 
 enemies to the Capitol, he hung them upon an oak, 
 where they remained a long while, and on the fame 
 fpot a magnificent temple was built to the honour 
 of Jupiter, to whom Romulus had confecrated the 
 fpoils. 
 
 Fero'nia, the goddefs of the groves and orchards. 
 A fire having been one day kindled in a wood, 
 
 v/here 
 
where (he had a temple, thofe who were carrying 
 away her ftatue, perceived that the wood, of which 
 It was made, refumed its for mer verdure, for w hich 
 reaibn they left it. Her prielts could march over 
 burning coals without hurt. 
 
 FE'SO'nia, the goddefs of wearied travellers. 
 
 F//DIUS, the god of faith, and fon of Jupiter, who 
 had a temple on mount Quiiinal. O'-vid. 
 
 There was alfo a temple, near the Capitol, dedicated 
 to Fides, the goddd’s of Faith. 
 
 Fl AM EN, or Flamines, the priefts of Jupiter, Mars, 
 Romulus, and feveral other 'gods. They were fo 
 called from Fihrm, becaufe they tied up their hair 
 with woollen yarn, or covered their head with a 
 cap made thereof. They took their furnames 
 from the gods to whom they belonged ; thus a, 
 pnelt of Jgpiter was called Flamen Diaiis, and of 
 Mars, Martialis, and fo of the reft. 
 
 Blora, goddefs of the fpring and flowers, and wife 
 of Zephyrus. It is faid fhe was a courtefan, who, 
 having gained a large fum of money by proftitu- 
 tion, made the Roman people her heirj but they, 
 being afhamed of her profeflTion, made her the 
 goddefs of flowers. When the women celebrated 
 the Floralia, that is, the feftivals of this goddefs, 
 they ran races day.and night, dancing to the found 
 cf trumpets 5 and thofe w' ho gained the prize of the 
 vibfory were crowned with flowers. She is re- 
 prefented adorned with garlands, and near her is 
 a balket full of flowers. 
 
 Fluo^nia, a lurname of Juno. 
 
 Fornax, the goddefs who prefided over ovens. 
 O'Vid, 
 
 Fortuna, the goddefs who prefides over good 
 and evil. She is reprefented bald, blind, and 
 handing upon a wheel, with wings at her feet. 
 
 M Fortv-, 
 
F U 
 
 Fortunate Islands, the Canaries fo called, fa* 
 mous for excellent wines, and are feven in num- 
 ber. Here the Heathens fancied the fouls of good 
 men refided after death. 
 
 Fu'cinus, a lake of Italy, in the country of the 
 MaiTi. It is faid to be about twenty miles in cir- 
 cumference. Virgil, 
 
 Fuga'lia, a feftival among the Romans, in me- 
 mory of the expulfion of their kings, which was 
 kept on the twenty third of February. 
 
 Furies, or Eumenidest were infernal deities, daugh- 
 ters of Acheron and Nox. They were three in 
 number 5 namely, Ale6lo, Megasra, and Tin- 
 phone. They refide in Tartarus, and punilh the 
 wicked. When Oreftes became mad, after having 
 killed his mother, they appeared to him in white 
 robes, and he built a temple to their honour, when 
 he had recovered his fenfes, 
 
 Furina, the goddefs of thieves among the Ro- 
 mans, who inttituted a feftival to her honour, call- 
 ed Furinales, whofe celebration was on the lixth 
 day before the kalends of September. This god- 
 defs had a temple at Rome, and was ferved by a 
 particular prieft, who was one of the fifteen Fla- 
 mens. Near the temple there was a facred wood, 
 in w'liich Caius Gracchus was killed : however, 
 Cicero takes her to be the fame as one of the Fu- 
 ries. ■ 
 
 Fury, an allegorical deity, reprefented under the 
 form of a man, loaded with chains, fitting on a 
 heap of armour, like a mad man who has broke 
 his chains, and tears his hair. 
 
 
G A 
 
 G» 
 
 G Ala'nthis, a fervant of Alcmena. When 
 Alcmena was in labour with Hercules, Juno, 
 diTguifed, under the name of Lucina, fat at the 
 door, and embraced her knees, to hinder the de- 
 livery of Alcmena, whom (he mortally hated, for 
 having yielded to Jupiter. Galanthis^, perceiving 
 that while this goddefs held her knees in this man- 
 ner, her miftiefs could not be brought to bed, (he 
 craftily told Juno that (he was delivered of a fine 
 boy 5 upon which (he arofe all of a fudden, and 
 Alcmena was inftantly delivered. Juno, under- 
 ftanding the deceit of Galanthis, changed her into 
 a weafel. O^vid, Metam» 
 
 Galate'a, a nymph of the fea, daughter of Nereus 
 nnd Doris. She was greatly beloved by Polyphe- 
 mus, whom (he defpifed, and preferred Acis to 
 him, whom the giant crulhed to pieces with a 
 rock. 
 
 Gal LI, the priefts of Cybele, who celebrated the 
 feftivals in the fame manner as the Corybantes, 
 and made themfelves eunuchs, in memory of 
 Atys, whom this goddefs had been fond of. 
 Gallus, a young man, beloved by Mars, and by 
 him changed into a cock 5 as alfo a river of Phry- 
 gia, which gave name to the priefts of Cybele. 
 Games, a fort of religious fights that were confe- 
 crated to the gods by the Greeks and Romans 5 
 feme were inftituted to a fingle god, and others to 
 fcveral together. There was even a decree of the 
 fenate which required that all public games (hould 
 always be confecrated to fome deity. The folem- 
 pity was never begun without offering facrifices, 
 M % and 
 
G I 
 
 and performing other religious ceremonies. The 
 moft remarkable games are taken notice of In their 
 .proper places. 
 
 Ganges, a great river in the eaft, dividing the 
 Indies into two parts, it was formerly faid to pro- 
 duce gold and precious ftones. 
 
 Ganyme'de, the Ton of Tros, king of Troy, whom 
 Jupiter, in the forjn of an eagle, carried up iiuo 
 heaven, and made his cup-bearer inftead of H- be. 
 
 Garama'ntes, inhabitants of the extremitie?* of 
 Afia, near the Indies ; as alfo of Minor LyHia. 
 
 Ga'rgarus, the fuinmit of mount Ida, a muan- 
 tairr fertile in corn. Virgil. 
 
 Gelo'ni, a people of Scythia, otherwife called Getse. 
 They ufed to paint themfelves, to become rnor^ 
 terrible to their enemies; and they were good 
 horfemen, nfing arrows and darts in fighting. 
 
 Ge'nius, a genius, or angel, good or bad, who pre- 
 fided over places as well as perfons. They ufed 
 to pray to this god with facrifices. 
 
 Ge'ryon, a king of Spain, a giant with three bo- 
 dies and one foul, who was killed by Hebrides, 
 becaufe he fed his oxen with human fleih. A dog 
 with three heads, and a dragon with feven, guard- 
 ed thefe oxen, whom Hercules likewife killed. 
 
 Giants, the fons of Titan and Telhis, of a mon- 
 ftrous fize, with dragons feet, who wa^cd war 
 againff heaven, to replace their father Tirm on 
 the throne, which Jupiter had driven him fom; 
 but he ftruck them all with lightning, and ief< thenn 
 to perifli under the mountains, which tUev had 
 reared one upon another. Some authors ftv the 
 giants were produced of the blood which flawed 
 from the wound of Saturn, when caftrated by his 
 fon Jupiter. Ovid. Virgil. 
 
 Gib el, a fampus mountain, the fame as ir:« nnt 
 iEtna. 
 
 Glaucis, 
 
G O 
 
 Glaucis, the daughter of Creon, king of Corinth, 
 for whom Jafon forfook Medea, who, to revenge 
 herfelf, gave Glaucis a poifbned robe on the day 
 of her nuptfals, which afFe<5led her in fuch a ter- 
 rible manner, that fhe threw herfelf into a foun- 
 tain, to gain a little eafe ; but fhe poifoned the 
 water, and miferably perifhed. 
 
 Glaucus, the fon of Hrppolochus, and father of 
 Bellerophon. He changed his golden armour with 
 Diomedes, for thofe of brafs. There was another 
 Glaucus, who was killed by his mares, whom 
 Venus had driven mad, becaufe he hindered thern 
 from being covered. As alfo another, the fon of 
 Hippolytus, who was fuffocated in a tub of honey ; 
 but ^fculapius, redcred him to life again. Laftly, 
 there was another, a fiflierman by profeflion, who 
 one day perceiving that the fifli he laid upon a cer- 
 tain herb re affumed their ftrength, and leaped 
 into the water, he tafted it alfo, and immediately 
 jumped into the water ; but was changed into a 
 triton, and looked upon as a fea-god, Circe was 
 in love with him, but to no purpofe ; for he was 
 fond of Scylla, whom that magician through jea- 
 loufy changed'into a fea-monfter. 
 
 Go'rdius, king of Phrygia, and fon of a hufband- 
 man. All his riches were a team of oxen for his 
 plough, and another for his cart. One day as he 
 was working in the field, an eagle came and relted 
 upon his yoke, and continued there till the even- 
 ing. Gordius, aftonifhed at this prodigy, confulted 
 the foothfayers } when a maid advifed him to 
 facrifice to Jupiter in the quality of a king, 
 which he did, and then marri£d her. The Phry- 
 gians had been told by the Oracle, that they mu ft 
 chufe him for a king whom they met upon a cart, 
 in copfeqtiencc of which theyele6led Gordius ; and 
 Midas, his fon, out of gratitude, offered his father’s 
 M 3 cart 
 
G R 
 
 cart to Jupiter. It is faid that the knot, by which 
 he faftened the yoke to the beam, was made with 
 fo much art, that they could not difcover the ends 
 of it. The empire of Afia was promifed to him 
 that fhould untie it, which Alexander the Great, 
 after feveral attempts, could not do j and, there- 
 fore, he cut it in two with his fword. This is com- 
 monly called the Gordian knot, becaufe the cart was 
 in Gordium, a city of Phrygia, and it was Gor- 
 dius that made it. Slumtm Curtius, Zenophon, 
 
 Gorgons, the daughters of Phorcus, a Tea god, and 
 Ceta, whofe names were Medufa, Euryale, Sthenyo, 
 and Scylla. They dwelt near the garden of the 
 Hefperides, and had the power of transforming 
 thofe into (tones who looked upon them. They are 
 faid to have had fnakes inftead of hair, great wings, 
 and for teeth the tufks of a wild boar, as alfo the 
 daws of a lion on their hands and feet. They 
 made (Irange ravages in the country, and exer- 
 cifed prodigious cruelty on all palfengers ; but 
 they were killed by Perl’eiis, who cut otf the head 
 of Medufa, by which he changed ail perfons into 
 (lone at his pleafure. O^id. 
 
 Go^rt YN A, a city of Crete, where they w'ere famous 
 for throwing darts. 
 
 Graces, otherwi(e called Charites, were daughters 
 of Bacchus and Venus , or, according to others, of 
 Jupiter and Eurynome. There were three, whofe 
 names were Euphrofyne, Thalia, and Aglaia, and 
 were attendants upon Venus. They are reprefent- 
 ed with a pleafant ('railing countenance, and their 
 hands link d in each other, and naked: they were 
 likewife companions of the Mufes and of Mercury, 
 Hefiod, Seneca, O vid. 
 
 GradiVus, a name, of the god Mars, chiefly wor^ 
 fhipped by the northern people, who were gene» 
 rally flout warriors. 
 
 Gr^'cia, 
 
H & 
 
 Gr-SICIA, the whole country of Greece, the pro- 
 vinces whereof were Peloponnefus, Epirus, Mace- 
 donia, Achaia, Oreta, Euboea, Attica, Phocis, 
 JEtolia, Argos, Corinth, and lb forth. 
 
 GEiES/E, fifters of the Gorgons, are reprefented 
 as three old women, who lived in Scythia, and 
 had but one eye and tooth, which they ufed in com- 
 mon, and afterwards depofited it in a coffin. 
 
 Gvces, a Lydian, to whom Candaules, king of 
 Lydia, ffiew-ed his queen naked j which fo incenfed 
 her, that fhe conlpired with Gyges to kill the 
 king, and then married him. 
 
 Gymna'stes, the name of thofe who prefided over 
 fports and plays. 
 
 Gym NICKS. All forts of manly exerdfes were fo 
 called by the Gr^ecians, becaufe they were often 
 performed by naked men, as the Greek word im- 
 ports. In the time of Homer, they had a cloth 
 wrapped round their middle, or a pair of drawers 
 on, which were left off in the thirty fecond olym- 
 piad. There were particular places appointed for 
 the youth that were brought up in thefe fort of cx- 
 ercifes, v^hich are called Gymnafia, and were ge- 
 nerally confecrated to Plercules : the public fchools 
 were alfo called Gymnafia. 
 
 H. 
 
 H A'CMEON, a Grecian prince, who was tor- 
 mented with the furies for having killed his 
 mother, who had (lain her hufband, after the ex- 
 ample of Clytemnefira. 
 
 a Theba'n prince, w’ho was fo paffionate- 
 ly fond of Antigone, daughter of Oedipus and 
 Jocaffa, that he killed himlelf upon the tomb of 
 that princefs. 
 
 HiEMO'NIA; 
 
HA 
 
 Hi^MO'N I A, otherwife called Theffaly. Ontid. 
 
 H^mus, the fon of Boreas and Orythia, and hufband 
 of Rhodope. He was metamorphofed into a moun- 
 tain, with his wife, for their pretending to the 
 honouri; of Jupiter and Jun6, and aiTuming the 
 names of thefe deities. 
 
 Hal^'sus, the fon of Agamemnon and Brifcis., and 
 fiiewd of Turnus. He confpired, as "tis faid, 
 againd Clytemnedra, upon which account he was 
 metamorphofed into the mountain near which 
 Proferpine was gathering flowers when PUro car- 
 ried her away. 
 
 Ham ADR y'adfs, nymphs of the woods, whofedef- 
 tiny depc^nded on certain trees,' generally oaks, with 
 
 « which they were born and died. They were very 
 grateful to thofe who preferved them! froni death, 
 and thofe who attempted to cut down the trees in 
 fpite of their prayers, were certainly punilhed. 
 
 HarMOvNIa, or Ha'rmony, the daughter of Mars 
 and Venus, whom Vulcan prefented with a fine, 
 but fatal bracelet. The poets pretend that (he 
 and her hulband v/ere both turned into fnakes. 
 
 Harm o'n IDES, a Trojan, beloved by Minerva, who' 
 taught him all forts of workman fh 14^. He built 
 the fatal fleet which carried Paris into Greece. 
 
 HarpaTyce, the moft beautiful woman of Argos. 
 She was daughter of Lycurgus, king of Phrace, 
 in Afia; or, as fome fay, of Clyrienus, who, being 
 in love with her himfelf, gave her in marriage with 
 great uneafinefs 5 and as foon as her nuptials were 
 performed, he put his own fon to death, to take 
 her back : but flie contrived that he Ibould ^at 
 his own fon, after the example of Progne. 
 
 Harpies, the daughters of Oceanus and Terra; or, 
 as others fay, of ISleptune and Terra ; they had the 
 face of a woman, the body'and wings of n vulture, 
 with daws on their hands and feet, and ihe ears of 
 
 a bear. 
 
H E 
 
 a bear. Hefiod names three of them, Iris, Aello, 
 Ocypete, to which fome add Celseno. Juno fent 
 thefe monfters to infe6l the provifions which Phi- 
 neus had made when he received ^neas. Zethes 
 and Calais drove them away j but Iris, by order 
 of Juno, made them return back into Thrace, that 
 they might do no farther mifchief. VtrgiL 
 
 Harpo'c RATES, the ^Egyptian god of (iience, was 
 reprefented under the figure of a man half naked, 
 holding a horn in one hand, and a finger upon the 
 mouth. 
 
 Haruspices, or Aruspices, among the Romans, 
 were religious minifters, whofe bufinefs it was to 
 examine the entrails of vi^lims, in order to foretel 
 future events. They examined chiefly the liver, the 
 heart, the fpleen, the kidneys, and the tongue, to 
 fee if there is any blemifh therein. In our Englifii 
 tranflations they are commonly called foothfayers. 
 They aifo obferved the different flights of birds, 
 and from thence made their predi6fions. 
 
 ^EBE, the daughter of Jupiter and Juno, and god- 
 defs of youth. Jupiter made her his cup-bearer j 
 but one day happening to fall in the prefence of 
 the gods, fhe was fo afhamed of it that fhe durft 
 appear no more in their prefence, and Jupiter put 
 Ganymede in her place. Hercules married her, 
 and on his account fhe made lolaus grow young 
 again. O^id^ 
 
 He'cale, a very poor but virtuous old woman, who 
 kindly entertained Thefeus, as he was going to 
 war againft the Sarmates : Hie promifed to facri- 
 fice to Jupiter for him, if he came back vi61ori- 
 ous ; but fhe died before his return. 
 
 He'cate, the daughter of Jupiter and Ceres 5 fhe 
 is fo called in the infernal regions, Luna in. heaven, 
 and Diana on earth. She kept the ghofts of thofe 
 
 , who 
 
H E 
 
 who died iinbaried on this fide Styx for an hundred 
 years. She was painted with three heads, one of a 
 hoiTe, another of a dog, and another of a virgin. 
 
 He'catombs, a facrifice of an hundred vi^fims. 
 
 Hector, the eldeft fon of king Priam and Hecuba, 
 and hu(band of Andromache, by whom he had 
 Adyanax. This prince commanded the Trojan 
 army agarnft the Greeks, and during the hege of 
 Troy he performed prodigies of valour, and became 
 the terror of his enemies. Achilles, after his quar- 
 rel with Agamenrinon, retiring into his tent, fent 
 his friend Patroclus to the army, who was killed 
 by He6lor, which prevailed upon Achilles to take 
 up arms ; and Jupiter having put the lot of both 
 heroes into a balance, the fcale of Achilles bore 
 down the other; therefore Achilles killed Heflor, 
 with the afliftance of Pallas, and dragged his body 
 three times round the walls of Troy, having faf- 
 tened his feet to his car, Thetis commanded Achil- 
 les to reftore the body of He6lor to Priam, who 
 went to alk the favour on his knees. Homer. i^trgiL 
 
 He'cuba, daughter of Dimas, king of Thrace, and 
 wife of Priam. After the taking of Troy Ihe fei! 
 to the /hare of Ulyfles, and v,^as fo grieved to fee 
 her daughter Pollixena offered on the tomb of 
 Achilles, and to find that her fon Polidore had 
 been (lain by the treachery of Polymneftor, to whofe 
 care fhe had committed him, that (he put out her 
 Own eyes, and railed with fo many terrible impre • 
 cations againlt the Greeks, that (he was metamor- 
 phofed into a bitch. Homer » 
 
 Helen, the moft celebrated beauty of her time, and 
 the caufeof prodigious misfortunes. Some fay (he 
 was the daughter of Tyndarus and Leda, and (lifer 
 of Clytemneftra j and others, that Jupiter deceived 
 Leda in the (hape of a fwan, and was her father. 
 She married Menelaus, king of Sparta, to whom 
 
H E 
 
 fhc bore Hermione. She was firft carried off by 
 Thefeus, who reftored her back foon after ; then 
 by Paris, who condu61ed her to Troy, which occa- 
 fioned a general infurre6iion of all Greece again ft 
 that city; who, after ten years liege, pillaged it, 
 and levelled it with the ground. After the death 
 of Paris, llie married Deiphobus, whom ftte caufed 
 to be affaffinated by Menelaus, to gain his favour. 
 Menelaus conducted her back in triumph to Sparta, 
 and after his death llie retired into the ille of Rhodes 
 to Polixo, her kinfman, who caufed her to be hang- 
 ed on a tree, becaufe llte had occafioned the death 
 of a multitude of heroes. Hc?ner. Ouid, 
 
 He'lenus, a famous foothfayer, fon of Priam and 
 Hecuba. It is pretended, that he difeovered to the 
 Greeks the method to furprife the city of Troy, 
 He predicted to Pyrrhus that his navigation ftiould 
 be happy, and received from him a country called 
 Chaonia, where he built feveral cities. 
 
 Helx'ades, daughters of Apollo and Clymene, and 
 fibers of Phaeton, for whofe death they were griev- 
 ed to fuch a degree, that the gods changed them in- 
 to poplar- trees, and their tears into amber ; their 
 names were Phaethufa,Lampetia, and Lampethula, 
 
 He'lice, a city of Achaia, which was fwallowed up 
 by the fea : as alfo the Great Bear, near the pole, 
 0<vid, 
 
 HeTicgn, a famous mountain near mount Parnaf- 
 fus. It was confecrated to the Mufes, and was 
 their common abode, as well as that of Apollo. 
 
 HelicontPades, a name of the Mines, becaufe 
 they inhabited mount Helicon. 
 
 Hellas, an ancient name of Greece, as alfo of 
 Theffaly. 
 
 Helle, the daughter of Athemas, king of Thebes, 
 who, with her brother Phryxus, ftying from their 
 ftep-inother, fell off the golden ram, on which they 
 
 both 
 
HE 
 
 both ventured to pafs a narrow part of the fea,and fhe > 
 was drowned, and left her name to the ftraks which 
 have ever hnce been called the Hellefpont. O^vid, 
 
 He'llespont, a ftrait of the fea between Thrace 
 and Phrygia, dividing Europe and Alia, now 
 called the Dardanelles. 
 
 Hera'clides, all the defcendants of Hercules were 
 fo called. 
 
 Hercules, the fon of Jupiter and Alcmena. Ju- 
 piter, to deceive Alcmena, took the refemblance of 
 Amphitryon her hufband, whiilt he was at the war 
 at Thebes. Juno being jealous, that fhe might be 
 revenged of the infidelity of Jupiter, was defirous 
 of hindering the deftined honours of the child pro- 
 ceeding from this adultery, and a favourable occa- 
 fion offered. Archippe, the wife of Sthenelus, king 
 of Mycene, being pregnant at the fame time wiih 
 Alcmena, it had been ordered, that the child firft 
 born fliould have command over the other .* Juno 
 caufed Archippe to be delivered at the end of feven 
 months of a fon, Euryftheus, and retarded the la- 
 bour of Alcmena by a charm, which confirmed 
 the fuperiority to Euryftheus. However, it is pre- 
 tended, that fhe grew fo mild at the prayers of Pal- 
 las, that fhe even gave Hercules fuck 5 who letting 
 fall a few drops of milk, made that white part of 
 the fky called the Milky -way, Butafterwardsjuno 
 could not let him be at reft 5 for fhe fo irritated his 
 brother againft him, that he ordered him to under- 
 take the twelve labours, with a defign to make him 
 perifh, from which this demi-god came off with 
 honour. But he performed many more than thefe 
 twelve glorious a6iions, among which the principal 
 are as follow : Being yet in his cradle, he ftrangled 
 two ferpents which Juno had fent againft him, ‘He 
 killed, in the foreft or morafs of Lerna, a terrible 
 Hydra, with feveral heads, which fprung out agaia 
 
H E 
 
 as they were cut ofF. He hunted and killed a hind, 
 whofe horns were of gold, and feet of brafs. He 
 firangled, in the forelf of Nemaea, a lion of an 
 uncommon fize and ftrength, and wore his fkin as 
 a garment. He punifhed Diomedes, who fed his 
 horfes with human defh. On the mountain of 
 "Ermianthus, in Arcadia, he took a wild boar which 
 ravaged all the country, and led him to^uryftheus. 
 He killed, with his bow and arrows, all the hor- 
 rible birds of the lake Stymphalus. He tamed a 
 furious wild bull, which rendered Crete defolate. 
 He vanquifhed the river Achelous, from which he 
 tore a horn, which was afterwards called the horn 
 of plenty. He ftifled the giant Antheus in his arms. 
 He gathered the golden apples in the garden of the 
 Hefperides, after having killed the dragon which 
 guarded them. He relieved Atlas, and bore the 
 heavens on his back for a confiderable time. He 
 flew feveral monfters, as Geryon, Cacus, Al- 
 bion, Bergion, Tyrrhenus, and others. He over- 
 came the Centaurs, and cleanfed the ftables of 
 Augea. He killed afea monfter, to which Hefione, 
 daughter of Laomedon, was expofed 5 and to pu- 
 nifh Laomedon, whorcfufed him the horfes which 
 he had promifed, he overturned the walls of Troy, 
 and gave Hefione to l>lamon. He defeated the 
 Amazons, and gave their queen Hippolyta to The- 
 feus. He defcended into the infernal regions, 
 overcame the dog Cerberus, aud took awayAlcefta, 
 reftoring her to her hufband Admetus. He killed 
 tbs vulture which devoured the liver of Prometheus. 
 He feparated the two mountains Calpe and Abyla, 
 and by that means joined the ocean to the Mpdi- 
 teiranean. Thinking hinifelf at the end of tha 
 world, he there eredled two columns, fince called 
 the pillars of Hercules, and on which he infcribed 
 plus ultra. After fo many glorious a 61 ions he 
 N ' fell 
 
HE 
 
 fell in love with Omphale, nnd put on woman's 
 garments, and learned of her to fpin : after which 
 he was fond of lole, daughter of Eurytus ; which 
 determined Deianira to give him the Ihirt of the 
 Centaur Neffus $ which he had no fooner put on 
 than he fell into a dreadful rage, and threw him- 
 felf into the flames of a burning pile, vvhere, in 
 fpite of the help of Philoiletus, he was confumed. 
 ^e then was placed among the gods, and in hea- 
 ven married Hebe, the goddefs of youth. There 
 were feveral Heroes of this name, and probably al 
 the remarkable a^fions of each were attributed tc i 
 one, in order to compofe one extraordinary man 
 but at prefent we are at a lofs how to attribute t< 
 every one his own a6\ions. Omd* Lucretius^ Se 
 neca, Aufonius. 
 
 HebPbea, mother of the ftars, and wife of Atreus 
 
 Hermaph ft ODi' rus, the fon of Hermes and Venus 
 The nymph Salmacis fell in love with him, ant 
 begged of the gods that their bodies might' be.al 
 ways united and make but one. They were after 
 wards called Androgynae, that is, man and wo 
 man. O'Vid* Metam* 
 
 Hermes, the Greek name of Mercury. He is fai., 
 to have been a very ancient philofopher, who liv 
 ed near the time of Mofes, as alfo a man of grea^i 
 virtue and learning. Hence he has been terme 
 the god of eloquence, becaufe he captivated his an 
 ditors with his beautiful orations. 
 
 Hermi'one, the daughter of Menelaus and Heler 
 betrothed by her grandfather to Oreftes, and b 
 her father given to Pyrrhus ; but Orefles flew hii 
 in the temple of Apollo, and recovered his fpoufl 
 There was another Hermione, the daughter (; 
 Mars and Venus, who married Cadmus, and w; 
 changed into a ferpent. 
 
 Her< 
 
H E 
 
 Hero, -a prleftefs of Venus, Vv^liom Leandcr was To 
 much in love with, that he fwam over the Hellef- 
 pont to fee her in the night. Slie placed a torch on 
 the top of a tow'er, to guide- him in l;is palfage 4 
 hut Leander at length happening to be_drowned. 
 Hero, in defpair, threw herfelf into the i'ea. 0 ^'id, 
 Heroes, were men renowned for great exploits and 
 virtues, above the common level of mankind. They 
 were thought to be the children of feme god or 
 goddefs, and confequently to be the partakers both 
 of the divine and human natures, and they were 
 generally deified after death. 
 
 Her si'li A, daughter of Tatius, king of the Sabines. 
 Romulus took her to himfelf, at the time of the 
 rape of the Sabine women, upon which her father 
 declared war againft this prince : but flie a^fed as 
 a mediator, and made peace between them, and 
 married Romulus 3 who being taken into heaven, 
 flie thought he had been dead, and fell into fuch 
 exceflive grief, that Juno, to comfort her, took her 
 alfo into heaven, where fhe met with her hufband. 
 The Romans ere6fed altars to them under the 
 names of Quirinus and Ora, O^id, Metam. 
 
 He'siod, an ancient Greek poet, whofe chief fub- 
 je6fs are hufbandry and the genealogy of the gods. 
 Some think he is more ancient than Homer, but 
 Paterculus places him iiojears later. 
 
 Hesi'one, daughter of Laomedon, king of Troy, 
 file was delivered by Hercules from a fea-monfter; 
 but her father refufing to give Hercules the horfes 
 which he had promiftd as a reward, he facked 
 the city of Troy, and gave Hefione to Telamon. 
 Ovid. Meiam. 
 
 Hesper, or Hesperus, the fon of Japetus, and 
 brother of Atlas, vyho, being in exile, came into 
 Italy, and, fettling there, called it Hefperia. 
 
 Hespe'ria, an ancient name of Spain 5 as alfo of 
 Italy. 
 
 Ns 
 
 Hespe'rides, 
 
H I 
 
 Hespe'rides, the daughters of Hefperus, the bro- 
 ther of Atlas, who had orchards in Africa bearing 
 golden fruit, and were kept by a watchful dragon, 
 which Hercules flew, and obtained the prize. Ftrgil, 
 0^'td, Me tarn, 
 
 Hippocre'ne, a fountain which runs at the foot of 
 mount Helicon, and which encircles ParnalTus. 
 As foon asPerfeus had cut off the head of Medufa, 
 the horfe Pegafus proceeded from the blood which 
 was flied, and with a ftroke of his foot made this 
 fountain appear. It was confecrated to Apollo and 
 
 • the Mufes. 
 
 Hippoca'mpi, were the fea-horfes of Neptune, as 
 the word fignifies. 
 
 Hi ppoda'mi A, daughter of OEnomaus, king of Elis 
 and Pifa. Her father was fo fond of her, he would 
 give her to no man but who could beat him in a 
 race, becaufe he was fure that no man could furpafs 
 him in this exercife ; after thirteen young princes 
 had loft their lives on this account, for fucK was 
 their agreement, Pelops, bribing the king’s cha- 
 
 * rioteer to leave one of the wheels unpinned, got 
 the victory, the king being killed in the fall j but, 
 before he died, he delired Pelops to avenge him on 
 the charioteer; which he performed, for, inftead of 
 giving him a reward, he threw him into the fea, 
 O^id, Meiam. 
 
 There was another Hippodamia, daughter of BrJfeis, 
 and concubine of Achilles. 
 
 Hippo'lytus, the fon of Thefeus, by Hippolyta, a 
 great hunter. This young prince was pallionately 
 fond of hunting, and preferred the pleafure thereof 
 to the company of women. He, refufing the love 
 of his ftep- mother Phaedra, was by her accufed of 
 attempting her honour ; and to give her accufation 
 an air of truth, flie fliewedTliefeus the fword flie had 
 taken from Hippolytus, wherewith flie deflgned to 
 . have 
 
n o 
 
 have killed herfelf, if her nurfe had not prevented 
 her. HlppolytuSj perceiving that his father intend- 
 ed his death, fed in a chariot to the fea-fide, where 
 a fea iTionher fuddenly appeared on the (hore and 
 frighted the horfes, which immediately fled and 
 broke the chariot in pieces, by which the prince was 
 killed. But -^fculapins, at the reqiieft of Diana, 
 raifed him to life, and then he went into Italy. 
 O^xd. Me tarn. 
 
 Hippo^medon, the fon of Nefimacus and NeGca, 
 was the greateff hero of the Greeks, after Am- 
 phiaraus and Diomedes. He was drowned fighting 
 againft Thebes. 
 
 K ippo'me N ES, the fon of Macareiis and Merope, 
 who was fo chafle that he retired into the woods 
 and mountains to avoid the female fex ; but one 
 day meeting x^^talanta going a hunting, he followed 
 her and became one of her fuitors. As her father 
 would not bedow her on any one that did not beat 
 her in a race, Hippomenes entered the lift, and by 
 means of golden apples given him by Venus, which 
 he threw on the ground to amufe her, he conquer- 
 ed and married her. He was fo extremely fond 
 of his wife, that he could not forbear lying with 
 her in the temple ofCybele. who, refenting the im- 
 piety, changed him into a lion and her into a Hon- 
 efs. Gvid. Met am. 
 
 Hippo'na, the goddefs of hoiTes. Juuenal. 
 
 Homsr, an ancient and moft excellent Greek poet, 
 fo famous, that feven of the greateft cities in Greece 
 contended for the honour of his birth. He wrote 
 the two celebrated poems, called the Iliad and the 
 Odyfles . 
 
 Hope, a goddefs among the Romans. Her temple 
 was confumed by lightning. She is reprefented 
 holding up her loofe robes in her right hand : flie 
 has a plate, on which is a cup with this infcription. 
 
H Y 
 
 Spes. P. R, She is 4efcribed in modern paintlfig 
 with the golden anchor. 
 
 Horace, a famous poet, the prince of Rornairlyric 
 pcejry, born at Vemifium, a town in Apulia. 
 Maecenas was his patron. 
 
 the three daughters of Jupiter and Themis, 
 called Eunomia, Dice, and Irene ; as alfo the fea- 
 fons or divifions of the year. Likewife the keepers 
 of the gates of heaven, and the attendants of 
 Phoebus. 
 
 Horus, Apollo or the Sun, fo called by the JEgyp- 
 tians, and the Ton of Ifis and Ofiris. 
 
 Hyaci'nthus, fon of Pierus and Clio. He was 
 very beautiful, and beloved by Zephyrus and 
 Apollo at the fame time. But Zephyrus, fufpe6ling 
 that his rival was preferred before him, meditated 
 revenge j and when the god and the boy were play- 
 ing at quoits together, Zephyrus; with a (Irong 
 hlaft, carried one back upon the boy's fcull, and 
 killed him. Apollo changed him into a flower of 
 the fame name. Ou'd, Metam, 
 
 Hy'ades, nymphs of the groves, fountains, and 
 lakes ; they were feven, all daughters of Atlas, 
 and fiflers of Hyas. It is faid they had a fliare in 
 the education of Bacchus, and were placed among 
 the flars by Jupiter. Their names weie Ambrofia, 
 Eudora, Pedilla, Coronis, Polixo, Phileto, and 
 Thyaneas. OvicL 
 
 By ALE, a nymph, and one of the attendants on 
 Diana. 
 
 Kyas, the. fon of Atlas and jTthra, who was de- 
 voured by a lion. 
 
 Hybl/ea, a mountain and town of Sicily, in the 
 valley of Note, famous for the heft honey. 
 
 hydra, a lerpent of the lake of Lerna, which had 
 IV'ven heads, that grew again as often as they were 
 <:ut off. However, fne was conquered by Hercules, 
 
 which 
 
H Y 
 
 which was one of the moll difficult and glorious 
 oF all his labours. 
 
 HyLAS, the fon of Theodamas, a young man ot 
 extraordinary beauty, who was beloved by Hercu- 
 les. As he was (looping with his pitcher for water 
 out of the river Afcanius, he fell in and was 
 drowned : others fay, that, when he went to Col- 
 chos with the Argonauts, the nymphs carried him 
 away from the fide of the fountain where he went 
 for water. His companions made the country 
 refound with their cries, and could not be com- 
 forted for his lofs. VirgiL 
 Hyllus, the fon of- Hercules and Deianira, who, 
 after the death of his father, married lole j but 
 Euryftheus drove him away, as well . as the reft of 
 the Heraclides. He got fafe to Athens, where he 
 built a temple to Ivlercury, which the Athenians 
 appointed for a place of refuge to criminals. 
 Hymen, or Hymen^us, the fon of Apollo and 
 Urania, and god of marriage 5 or, as fome fay, of 
 Bacchus and Venus. He is reprefented under the 
 figure of a youngman, holding a torch in his hand, 
 and with a crown of roles, or, as others fay, of 
 the herb fweet- marjoram, on his head.^ ^ 
 
 Hyperbo'reans, a people which lived in the molt 
 northern parts of the world. 
 
 Hype'rion, a name of the fun ; as alfo of a giant, 
 a fon of Titan ; fome make him the fon of Coelus 
 and Terra. - 
 
 Hypermne'stra, one of the fifty daughters or 
 
 Danaus, who alone fpared her hufband Lynceus, 
 when the reft of her fifters flew theirs on the wed- 
 dingnight. 
 
 IIypo'thoon, a river of Sicily. He was greatly 
 beloved of Venus- Melanira, who metamorphofed 
 him into a river, becaufe he had forfaken her. 
 Hypsi'pil]^, the daughter of Thoas^ and queen of 
 
 , “ Uemnos^ 
 
I A 
 
 Lemnos, who, when all the women of the ifiand 
 flew their male kindred, preferved her father, 
 for which pious deed (he was banifhed. Others 
 fay, that the women of this ifland having mafT ered 
 their hulbands, becaufe they were defpifed by them, 
 Venus rendered them fo fluttifti and nafty, that no 
 man would come near them 5 upon which they 
 chofe Hypfipyle queen. 
 
 Hyri A, the mother of Cygnus, who was transform- 
 ed into a lake in Boeotia. 
 
 I. 
 
 I A'cchtjs, a name of Bacchus, and is fomctimeS’ 
 taken for wine. 
 
 Ia'nthe, a beautiful Cretan lady, the wife of Iphis. 
 Janus, the moft ancient of the gods, who was 
 worfhipped in Italy for having entertained Saturn 
 at his arrival there. He brought into Italy the ufe 
 of wine, and of temples and altars. His images 
 have two faces, the one looking backward, the 
 other forward 5 with a flaff of white thorn in one 
 hand, and a key in the other. 0 <v'id. 
 
 Ja'p-ETUS, the fon of Titan, or Coelus, and Terra, 
 and the father of Prometheus. He is accounted 
 by the Greeks to be founder of their nation. 
 Ia'pis, an excellent phyfician mentioned^by Virgil. 
 Japix, the fon of Daedalus 5 as alfo a north-weft 
 wind. 
 
 Ia’rbas, king of Mauritania, who courted Dido; 
 but not prevailing, waged war with her; and (he, 
 being forced to fubmit, requefted a few days to 
 appeafe the manes of her former hu(band. 
 Ia'cides, the fon orgrandfon of Jacius, the fame 
 as Palinurus. VirgiL 
 
 Ja'^:ius, 
 
J A 
 
 a'cius, the Ton of Abas, king of Argos, and bro- 
 ther to Dardanus. 
 
 A SON, the fon of ^fon, king of Theffaly, and 
 Polymena, or, as others fay, Alcymeda. JEi'oWf 
 when he was dying, left the tutelage of his ion to 
 Pelias, who placed him under the care of the Cen- 
 taur Chiron. When this prince was growm up, he 
 fo far gained the afre6fions of the people, that Pe- 
 lias fought out feveral methods to deftroy him, that 
 he might po fife fs the throne. Heperfuaded Jafon to 
 undertake the conqueft of the golden fleece, hoping 
 he would never return back. The noife of this 
 expedition fpreading far and near, the Grecia 
 princes were determined to have a ftiare in it, and 
 failed under his flag to Colchis, where the goldea 
 fleece was hanging on a tree, and defended by a 
 monftrous dragon. They were called Argonauts, 
 from the name of their fhip Argo. As fopn as 
 JTon arrived at Colchis, he gained the favour of 
 Medea, a great magician, who gave him an herb 
 to throw the dragon into a fleep ; which fucceeded 
 fo well, that he killed the dragon, took away the 
 fleece, and carried off Medea, whom he abandon- 
 ed as foon as he arrived at the houfe of his uncle 
 Pelias. Medea, to be revenged, advifed the 
 daughters of Pelias to kill their father, and to boil 
 him in a brazen cauldron, making them believe 
 it would rcftore his youth : afterwards flie maflk- 
 cred the children which fhe had by Jafon, and 
 ferved them up in pieces at a feaft. When fhe had 
 poifoned all the royal family except Jafon, whom 
 ihefuffered to live for fucceeding troubles and dif- 
 iiculties, fhe fl' d aw'ay in a car, drawn by winged 
 ferpents. At lafl: Jafcn got pofieflion of Colchis, 
 where be reigned peaceably during the reft of his 
 life. Seneca^ Ovid* Virgil* 
 
 Ica'rius, 
 
I D . 
 
 ICA^lus, the foa of OEbalns, who fii ft taught the 
 life of wine 5 and giving Ibme of it to iliepherds, 
 it made them drunk, and they fuppofed they had 
 been poifoned j whereupon they threw him into a 
 pit: but h is bitch Mseta difeovered his body to 
 his daughter Erigone, who killed herfelf, and the 
 poor bitch pined away. However, Icaiius was 
 changed into the fign Bootes, Erigone into Virgo, 
 and the Masra into the Dog ftar. 
 
 I'cARUS, fon of Daedalus, who, flying with his fa- 
 ther from Crete with artificial wings, not minding 
 nis father’s advice, flew too high 5 whereby the 
 wax melted, and he fell into the fea, which has 
 fince taken- his name. 
 
 Ida, a high hill in Phrygia, a fmall diftance from 
 Troy, famous for the judgment of Paris, when he 
 gave the golden apple to Venus, as the prize of 
 beauty. It is alfo the name of another mountain in 
 Crete, on which Jupiter was brought up, and 
 where there was a temple dedicated to Cybele. 
 
 IdaTium, a town of Crete, facred to Venus, who 
 from hence had the name of Idalia. 
 
 Idmon, was the fon of Apollo, byAfterla; being 
 famed for hisfkill in augury, he attended the Ar- 
 gonauts in their expedition to Colchis 5 but, wan- 
 dering from his companions when they landed, he 
 was killed by a wild boar. 
 
 Idomene^us, king of Crete, who was at the fiege 
 of Troy 5 after which, being on his road home, 
 he made a vow, during a tempeft, to facrifice the 
 firfl perfon that he fhould meet wdth, if he efcaped. 
 This prince foon repented of his vow, for his owm 
 fon was the firft he faw j however, he offered him 
 as a facriftce, which occafioned fo cruel a pefti- 
 }ence,that his fubje 61 ;s,being greatly irritated, drove 
 him out of the country. He went and found- 
 
JO 
 
 ed another empire in Calabria, and rendered his 
 people happy. 
 
 Ilion, and Ilios, the names of Troy. 
 
 Inacus, the firlt king of Argos. 
 
 Indi'getes, a name given to iliuftrious men, who 
 were honoured as gods after their deatli. They 
 were fo called, becaufe they had all kinds of per-* 
 fe6lion, except immortality. 
 
 InfePvNal Regions See Pluto. 
 
 Ino, the daughter of Cadmus and Hermione, was 
 the third wife of Athamasj and who, fancying 
 herfelf a lionefs, killed Learchus and Melicertus, 
 his two children, whom Ihe took to be lions whelps. 
 She threw herfelf into the lea, and was changed 
 by Neptune into a nymph. 
 
 lo, the daughter of the river Inachus and Ifmena. 
 Jupiter changed her into a cow, to hide her from 
 the fearch of Juno 3 but this goddefs demanding 
 her of Jupiter, llie was given to Argus to keeps 
 Mercury, charming him with the found of his flute 
 till he fell afleep, flew him by the order of Jupiter. 
 Juno fent a gad-fly, which continually flung lo, 
 and made her fly from place to place. It is faid, 
 that, palling by her father’s houfe, flie wrote her 
 name on the fand with her foot, by which he dif- 
 covered who flie was 3 but at the inflant he was 
 going to lay hold of her, the gad-fly flung her fo 
 violent, that Ihe threw herfelf into the Tea, and 
 then fwam acrofs the Mediterranean, and ar- 
 rived in AEgypt, where Jupiter reftored her to her 
 own lhape, and begat Epaphus'. The i^gyptians 
 raifed altars to this wanderer, and offered I’acrifices 
 to her under the name of If c. Jupiter beflowed 
 immortality upon her, and made her marry Oiiris. 
 Ovid. Met am, 
 
 Joca'sta, the daughter of Creon, king of Thebes, 
 who, after his death, was married to OEdipus, her 
 e,wn fon, neither of them knowing each-other, and 
 
 by 
 
IP 
 
 by him had Eteocles and Polynices, who coming 
 to know their incelluoiis birth, killed each other; 
 their mother likewife flew herfelf. Statius. 
 
 lOLAUS, the fon of Iphicles, the aflTiftant of Hercules 
 in killing the Hydra, by fearing the place from 
 which Hercules cut off each head with a cautery, 
 that no more might fpring up : for which reafon, 
 when he was old, Hercules, by his prayers to 
 Hebe, reftored him to youth. Quid. Metam. 
 
 Io'lchos, a town and capital city of TheflTaly, fa- 
 mous for the birth of Jalon, and where the Grecian 
 princes affembled to go to theconquefl of the gol- 
 den fleece, 
 
 Pole, daughter of Eurytus, king of OEchalia. She 
 made Hercules, for love of her, do all feivile of- 
 flces \ who being about to marry her, determined 
 Deianira to fend this hero the fatal fliirc of the 
 Centaur NelTus. O^id, 
 
 Some fay Hercules killed her father, and gave her in 
 marriage to his fon Hyilus. Onjid. Metam. 
 
 Ion, fon of Xeutus,and kingof Theffaly, from whom 
 Ionia derived its name. He married Hellice, by 
 whom he had feveral children. 
 
 lo^NiA, a province of Afla the Lefs, along the coaft 
 of the Archipelago j in which are feveral confider- 
 able cities, as Ephefus, Smyrna, Miletus, Priene, 
 &c. Ovid. 
 
 Io'nian s, a people of Greece, who gave the name of 
 Ionia to the provinces which they inhabited. O^id, 
 
 Ip HI A N a'ss A, a daughter of Proetus, king of Argos, 
 who, with her filters Lyhppe and Iphinoe, prefer- 
 ring their beauty to that of Juno, were fliuck with 
 fuch madnefs as to believe themfelves to be cows ; 
 but afterwards were cured by Melampus, to whom 
 Iphianafla was given in marriage. 
 
 Iphi^damas, the fon of Antenor, flain by Aga- 
 memnon. Homer* 
 
 IPHIGE'NIA| 
 
I R 
 
 'IrHiGE'''’iA , tbe daughter of Agamemnon and Cly- 
 temneftra. Agamemnon, having by chance killed 
 one of Diana’s ftags, was by her, in revenge, with 
 his whole fleet, wind-bound at Aulis 5 and the 
 Oracle told them, the goddefs would not be ap- 
 peafed, except fome of his children were facrificed. 
 UlyflTes got the virgin from her mother by craft 5 
 but when flie was at -the altar, Diana pitied her, 
 and pm a hart in her place, and carried her away 
 to be her prieftefs. When Oreftes, her brother, 
 went thither to clear himfelf of parricide, flie 
 knew him at the very inftant that file was going to 
 facrifice him, and delivered him, as well as Pylades, 
 who would have died for him. They all three fled, 
 killed Thoas, king of the country, and carried off 
 the llatiie of Diana. Euripides, Quid. Metam, 
 
 Iphime'dia, ihe wife of Aloeus, who was ravifhed 
 by Neptune, and by him had two great giants, 
 Oreas and Ephialtes, who grew nine inches every 
 month. 
 
 Iphis, the daughter of Lygdus and Telethufa, a 
 Cretan. Her father, taking a journey, Vv^hen her- 
 mother was with child of her, gave his wife a com- 
 mand to expofe it, if it was a female. It happen- 
 ed to be a girl, and flie being willing to fave it, 
 called it Iphis, and brought it up as a boy. The 
 father, knowing no better, efpoufed his fuppofed 
 fon to lanthe, a fine lady. The mother, fearing 
 the difcovery, prayed for help to Ifis, who changed 
 Iphis into a man on the day of marriage. Alfo a 
 handforne youth that hanged himfelf for love. 
 Ovid. Mfiam, 
 
 Iri s, the daughter of Thaumas and Ele6Ira, who 
 was miflrefs of the Harpies, and meflTenger of Juno. 
 This goddefs changed her into a bow, and placed 
 her in heaven, in reward of her good fervices. This 
 is now called the rainbow, 
 
 O 
 
 Irus 
 
J U 
 
 Irus, a beggarly fellow, who pretended to be one of 
 the fuitors of Penelope. Ulyfles, at his return, 
 killed him with a blow of his fill. Hornet', 
 
 Isis, filter of Oliris, and daughter of Saturn. She 
 married her brother Ofiris, and fliared his throne 
 in ^gypt 5 and, by the juftice of her reign, was 
 worHiipped as a goddefs. Some fay lo, the daugh- 
 ter of Inachiis, wss the fame as Ifis. 
 
 I'SMARUS, a famous mountain of Trace. Vir^tL 
 
 I^SMENE, the daughter of OEdipus, betrothed to a 
 young man of Cyrrha, who was flain by Tydeus 
 before the confummation. 
 
 IsME^NiDES, Thracian women. Ovid. Metam. 
 
 I'thaca, an iHai^d of Greece, and the moft fertile 
 country in all Afia, where UlylTes reigned a long 
 while. 
 
 Itys, the fon of Tereus and Progne, w^hom hfs 
 mother killed and ferved up in a ban'.]uet to his 
 father, and at laft was turned into a pheafant. 
 Ovid, Met am, 
 
 JuTus, is another name for Afcanius : n^ubieb fee, 
 
 Juno, the daughter of Saturn and Rhea, and filler 
 and wife of Jupiter. She is called Saturnia froni 
 her father, and has feveral other names from her 
 different offices. Jupiter, her brother, changed 
 himfelf into a cuckow to deceive her, but (he found 
 him out, and would not liften to him, unlefs he 
 married her. As foon as they were married, flie 
 became fo jealous, that (he watched him continu- 
 ally, always perfecuting his concubines, and the 
 children he had by them. She forced Hercules into 
 a great number of dangers, as well as feveral others j 
 but finding Jupiter did not regard her, fhe retired 
 to Samos, where fhe continued a long while t 
 Jupiter, to make her return, brought a chariot, in 
 which he placed a wooden image, magnificently 
 drefied, and caufed it to be proclaimed in all the 
 
 Itieeis, 
 
J U 
 
 fi^reets, that it was Platea, daughter of ^fopu?;, 
 that he was going to marry 5 upon which Juno was 
 greatly enraged, and went to break the iimge in 
 pieces j but when Hie found out the artifice of 
 Jupiter, file laughed at the jeft, and was recon- 
 ciled. After the defeat of the gods, to whom fiie 
 had joined in rebellion, Jupiter hung her in the air 
 by magnetic pullies, which Vulcan invented, to 
 be revenged of her, bccaufe /he had brought him 
 into the world of fuch a difagreeable make. He 
 hung tvAo anvils at her feet, after her hands were 
 tied behind her with £ golden chain. The gods 
 were not able to fet her free, and therefore begged 
 of Vulcan to do it, and promifed in return to give 
 him V'enus for a wife. Juno was infupportably 
 proud, and would never pardon Paris for not giv- 
 ing her the golden apple upon mount Ida, when 
 Ihe difputed her beauty with Venus and Pallas. 
 She then declared herfelf an irreconciieable enemy 
 to the Trojans, and purfued her revenge even upon 
 AEneas- This prince having fet fail in order to 
 fettle in Italy, (he went to -^^)olus, and promifed 
 him Deiopeia, the moft beautiful of her nymphs, if 
 he could caufe him and his people to peri/h j but 
 Venus protefled him. The Queen of the gods, 
 always attentive to the conduct of Jupiter, gave 
 lo, turned into a cow, to the care of Argus, whom 
 Mercury charmed aficep and killed j but file 
 changed her fervant into a peacock, and took this 
 bird under her prote6Iion. Having learned that 
 jupit-r had brought Pallas into the world without 
 her alTiitance, and that he had caufed her to pro- 
 ceed from his brain, fke, out of revenge, brought 
 Mars into the world without his help. She pre- 
 fided over marriage and child-birth, and had feveral 
 names, taken from the places where they wor/hipped 
 her. The poets reprefen t her upon a chariot 
 O z drawa 
 
J u 
 
 drawn by peacocks, with one of thofe birds near 
 her. Homer, VirgtL Ovid» 
 
 Jupiter, the fupreme god of the heathens, fon of 
 Saturn and Rhea. As loon as Rhea was delivered, 
 Saturn devoured all the male infants that (he 
 brought into the world ; Titan having yielded his 
 right of elderlhip on that condition, hoping, by 
 this means, he fliould afeend the throne in his turn. 
 When Jupiter and Juno, being twins, were born, 
 Rhea was defirous of faving the former from Sa- 
 turn’s cruelty ; and when fhe prefented Juno, (he 
 gave him a ftone, inllead of Jupiter, in fwadling 
 cloaths, which Saturn immediately devoured. She 
 delivered Jupiter to the Corybantes, who, by a kind 
 of dance ufed among them, hindered the crying of 
 the child from coming to the ears of the father. 
 They carried him into the ifland of Crete, where 
 he was fuckled by a' goat \ when he was grown 
 lip, they acquainted him with his birth, and he 
 fignified to Saturn that he ought to be received as 
 his heir. Titan, being ignorant of the deceit, look- 
 ed upon Saturn as a deceiver, drove him from hea- 
 ven, and made him prifoner. Jupiter then began 
 todifeover ligrrs of his power ; he attacked Titan, 
 delivered his father, and replaced him on the 
 throne: but Saturn learning of Deliiny, tlut Ju- 
 piter v/as born to command the univerle, this un- 
 grateful father endeavoured to deftroy his fon. who 
 took up arms againlt him, drove him out of heaven, 
 and obliged him to conceal himfelf in Latium. 
 Jupiter mounted the throne of his father, and in a 
 little time became mader of the heavens and the 
 earth. He then married his fifter Juno, and 
 divided the fucceflion of his father with his bre- 
 thren 5 but he referved heaven for bimfclF, giving 
 the empire of the waters to Neptune, and that 
 of the infernal regions to Pluto, who, with Jiino, 
 
J U 
 
 Pallas, and the other gods, were defirous cf throw- 
 ing off his yoke; but he defeated them, and con- 
 llraintd them to fly into-ffigypt, where they aliumed 
 different fliapes : be puriued them in the fcj m of 
 a ram, and at length agreed to make peace with 
 them, thinking himfcif fecure. The giants, fons 
 of Titan, defirous of regaining their right, heaped 
 mountains upon mountains, to fcale the heavens, 
 and to drive him away. Jupiter, being mafter of the 
 lightning and thunder, hruck them with thunder- 
 bolts, and crulhed them under the fame mouniarns. 
 After this great vi6lory, he abandoned himfelf to 
 pleafure, and had a great number ot concubines. 
 He metainorphofed himfelf into all manner of fhapts 
 to deceive them ; fomeiimes he was a fatyr, to fur- 
 prife Antiope; fometimes a golden fhower, to ob- 
 tain Danae, who was diut up in a brazen tower. 
 To deceive Europa, daughter of Agenor, he 
 changed himfelf inio a bull, and that princefs be- 
 ing got upon his back, he fwam over the Tea, and 
 carried her away. He abufed Le<la, daughter of 
 Tyndarus, in the fliape of a fwan, from whom 
 proceeded Caftor and Pollux, Helen and Clytem- 
 neftra. He likewife affumed the figure of Diana, 
 to deceive Callifto j and at length metamorphofed 
 himfelf into an eagle, to carry off Ganimede, Ton 
 of Tros, and carried him into heaven, where he 
 was made his cup bearer, in the room of Hebe. 
 Thefe are the notions that the Pagans had of the 
 deity which they worfhipped and adored more than 
 any other. They looked upon him as the abfoiute 
 mafter of the v/orld, and reprefented him on the 
 back of an eagle, with thundei bolts in his hand. 
 The oak was confecrated to him, bteaufe, after the 
 example of Saturn, he taught men to feed upon 
 acorns. The molt fuperb temples were erci^fted 
 to him throughout the world, and they gave him 
 O 3 funumes 
 
I X 
 
 / 
 
 furnames after the places where his altars were 
 built. The -/^^gyptians called him Jupiter- Am- 
 mon, and adored him under the figure of a ram j 
 but his' principal furname was Olympus, becaufe 
 he fometimes dwelt, with all his court, on the top 
 of Mount Olympus. All the ancient authors have 
 given fuch account of his wonderful actions, that 
 they feem to vie with each other who fhould write 
 moft. Homer, Cicero, Onjid* Paufanius, Valerius* 
 Paterculus^ See, 
 
 Justi'tia, otherwife called Themis, an allegori- 
 cal deity, daughter of Jupiter and Aftraea. She 
 returned with her mother into heaven during the 
 iron age. She is reprefented in the figure of a 
 young virgin, holding in one hand a balance, and 
 in the other a naked fword 5 they likcwife placed 
 her upon a fquare ftone, ready to puniih vice, and 
 reward virtue. 
 
 Jutu'rna, the daughter of Dauniis, and filler of 
 Turnus the Rutilian, whom Jupiter, as a reward 
 for her virginity, changed into a nymph of the 
 river Numicius 5 others fay flie was changed into 
 a fountain, in which Juno bathed, and had her 
 virginity reftored every year. 
 
 JuVenal, an excellent Roman poet, who wrote fa- 
 tires in the lime of Domitian and Trojan. He 
 had made fome refie6lions on Paris, a favourite 
 a^lor, and was fent the captain of a fmall compa- 
 ny into ^gypt. 
 
 Ixi'ON, the father of the Centaurs. Jupiter took him 
 up into heaven, where he would have ravilhed Ju- 
 no ; but Jupiter formed a cloud in her fiiape, on 
 which he begat the Centaurs, and was call down 
 into hell for boafting he had lain with Juno, where 
 he was tied to a wheel that continually whirled 
 round, and was encompalTed by ferpents. Ovid* 
 Mctam. 
 
 Laan, 
 
ly A. 
 
 L. 
 
 L a AN, a city of Laconia. It is fo called, hecaufe 
 it was built on the top of a high mountain. 
 Labda, daughter of Amphion, and one of the 
 Bacchanals. Being lame and defpifed by her com- 
 panions, fhe left them and married ^tion, by 
 whom Aie had a fon called Cypfelus. The Oracle 
 had foretold, that a fon of Labda Aiould take Co- 
 rinth, for which reafon they fent ten men to this 
 woman’s houfe to kill the child 5 but at the fame 
 moment that one of them was going to plunge his 
 poniard in his heart, Cypfelus held out his hand 
 and fmiled j upon which the murderer had not the 
 power to kill it. However, he gave the child to 
 his companion, to whom the fame thing happened. 
 Thus Cypfelus .palTed from hand to hand, till he 
 came to the laA, who reltored him back to his 
 mother. Being all gone out, they reproached each 
 Other with their weaknefs, and returned back to 
 commit the murder; but Labda, who had heard 
 all that paffed, hid him under a buAiel, and 
 by that means laved him from the fury of his 
 er'.emies. 
 
 La'bdacus, fon of Phoenix, and father of Laius, 
 king of Thebes. 
 
 La'byrinth, a place built with many windings and 
 turnings, the paiTage in or out being almoft im- 
 poflible without a clue to dire6f it. There were 
 ieveral of thefe; but that moA fpoken of by the 
 poets was at Crete, which v/as built by Daedalus, 
 in which he himfelf was Aiut up, and where Mi- 
 nos had imprifoned the Minotaur. 
 
 Laced^'mon, the metropolis of Laconia, famous 
 for its excellent laws made by Lycurgiis, highly 
 recommended by Xenophon and others. 
 
 LA'ciiESIst 
 
L A 
 
 L A'^c HESis^ one cf the Fates, Tuppofed to fpin the 
 thread of human life. 
 
 Laco'nia, a large country of Peloponnefus, th6 
 chief city of which was Lacedaemon. 
 
 Xae'rtes, a king of Ithaca, who died foon after the 
 arrival of his fon, Uiyfles, who had been at the 
 fege of Troy. 
 
 Lu^str IGONE s, a rude and favage people near Phor- 
 mia, in Italy. Homer lays, they were alnioft as 
 large as giants. 
 
 Lais, a famous courtefan of Sicily, who valued her 
 favours at a moft extravagant rate. 
 
 LA^'iUS, the fon of Labdacus, king of Thebes and 
 hufband of Jocada. Having confulltd the Oracle 
 about his ddiiny, he leained that he (liould be 
 killed by his own fon, who would marry Jocalla. 
 
 . When the queen was delivered, he gave the child, 
 called OEdipus, to one of his officers, to be put to 
 death j but he, moved with compaffion, gave him 
 to a fliepherd, v^lio brought him uj), and look him 
 to Corinth, where'^be niade him pafs for the Ion 
 of Polybius, king of that country. OEdipus, being 
 grown up,, confulted the Oracle, which gave him 
 the fame anfw^er as had been before given to LaTus. 
 Believing himfelf to be the fon of Polybius, he ba- 
 niihed himfelf to avoid fuch atrociou? crimes j and' 
 one day meeting with his father, without knowing 
 him, they quarrelled, and Laiuswas killed. 
 
 La'mia, or Lami.^; a fort of women, or rather hags, 
 who enticed young children to eat them. Some 
 take them for a fort of fpedres, or hobgoblins. 
 
 La'mia, a daughter of Neptune, whom Jupiter loved, 
 and had by her a multitude of children, j uno, rag- 
 ing with jealoufy, flew them allj '^hieh infpirtd 
 Lamia with fuch rage, that fhe devoured every 
 thing fne met, and was changed into a bitch. This 
 is probably the ground of the fpiaiei f;^ble. 
 
L A 
 
 Lampe'ti a, one of the Ileliades. 
 
 La n uVi um, the capital city of Latium, the fame as 
 Laviniiim. 
 
 Lao'coon, fon of Priam and Hecuba, and high- 
 prieft of Apollo. He endeavoured to hinder the 
 Trojans from bringing the wooden horfe into the 
 city, and even thru ft his fpear into its fide, and 
 made the arms clafti j but Pallas, offended with 
 the violence, becaufe the horfe was offered to her, 
 fent two ferpents out of the tea, which devoured 
 him and his two fons. Homer. Virgil. 
 
 Laoda'mia, the daughter of Belleropbon, and mo- 
 ther of Sarpedon by Jupiter. Diana killed her 
 with an arrow, on account of her pride. There 
 was another Laodamia, daughter of Adraftus, who 
 died of a fright in feeing her hufband's ghoft, tho' 
 fhe had ardently wifhed for his return. 
 
 Lao'dice, the daughter of Priam and Hecuba, and 
 wife of Helicaon, fon of Antenor, king of Thrace. 
 As alfo the daughter of Agamemnon, offered in 
 marriage to Achilles. There were likewife feve- 
 ral others of the fame name. 
 
 Lao'docus, the fon of Antenor the Trojan, whofe 
 form Pallas took upon her, when fhe would have 
 perfuaded Pandarus to throw a dart at Menelaus 
 to break the truce. 
 
 Lao'medon, king of Phrygia. He agreed with Nep- 
 tune and Apollo, for a fum of money, to affift in 
 re-building the walls of Troy 5 but when the work 
 was finifhed, he would not ftand to his word To 
 punifn him, Apollo afili6led the country with the 
 plague ; and Neptune, after a terrible inundation, 
 fent a monfter. The Trojans confulted the Oracle, 
 who told them, that, to repair the injuftice, they 
 muft expofe Hefione, daughter of Laomedon, to the 
 monfter. Hercules came and delivered this unfor- 
 tunate princelS; on condition of marrying her ; 
 
L A 
 
 but the king, who had neither faith nor honour, 
 refufed his daughter, which fo exafperated Hercu- 
 les, that he killed him, and gave Hefione to Tela- 
 mon, who carried her into Thrace. VirgiL O^id. 
 La'pith^, a people of ThefTaly, the progeny of 
 -®olus and Lapitha, daughtei of Apollo. They 
 were the firlf who tamed horfes. They quarrelled 
 with the Centaurs at the nuptials of Pirithous and 
 Hippodamia. Ovid, Metam, 
 
 Lar, or Lares, called alfo Penates, certain de- 
 mons, genii, or fpirits, believed to prefide over 
 various affairs, and were diftinguifhed by feveral 
 epithets, as the ctledial Lares, the fea Lares, the 
 city Lares, and fo forth. There were alfo publick 
 Lares worfhipped in the highways, or domeftick or 
 familiar Lares, whofe ftation was upon the hearth. 
 They were wont to facrifice to thefe houfliold gods 
 frankincenfe, wine, bread, corn, and a cock, and 
 fometimes a lamb and a hog. tlautus. Juvenal, 
 Lara, the mother of the Lares, who bore them to 
 Mercury. 
 
 LarPssa, a city of ThefTaly, near Phthia. Horace* 
 La'rius, the largeft lake in Italy. Virgil, 
 Larv^, the ghofts of bad men, who were fald to 
 wander about in terrible fhapes. 
 
 Lati'nus, the Ton of Faunas, king of Latium, who 
 married his daughter Lavinia to ^neas, whom his 
 wife Amata had defigned for Turnus, the king of 
 the Rutilians 5 which was the ground of the war 
 between'^neas and Turnus. 
 
 La'tium, a country of Italy, lying between the 
 mouth of the Tyber and Cape Circello, having 
 Tufeany on the weft, and Campania on the eaft. 
 Virgil, 
 
 Latmos, a mountain in Caria, chiefly famous fox 
 the feigned amours between Cynthia and Endy- 
 mion, 
 
 Lato'n A, 
 
L E 
 
 Lato^na, the daughter of Corus and Phoebe. Ju- 
 piter was in love with her, and Juno caufing her 
 to be purfued by the ferpent Python, fhe was forced 
 to wander from place to place all the while (he was 
 with child, till Neptune in pity raifed up Delos in 
 the mid It of the fea, where flie took refuge, and 
 was delivered of Apollo and Diana. O^id. Metam» 
 
 Lave'rna, the^oddefs of thieves and robbers. She 
 was reprefented with the figure of a body without 
 the head. 
 
 Lavi'nia, the daughter of Latinus, w^ho had been 
 promifed to Xurnus j but ^neas being at war with 
 Turnus, they fought a duel in the prefence of their 
 armies, agreeing tnat the vi6for fliould marry La- 
 vinia : AEneas killed Turnus, and took Lavinia 
 for his wife. VtrgiL 
 
 Lavi'nium, a city in Italy, built by ^neas, and- 
 lalled after his wife’s name. 
 
 Laure''ntum, a city near Lavinium, in Italy. 
 VirgtL 
 
 Lausus, the Ton of Numitor, and brother of Ilia,, 
 flain by his uncle Amulius. As alfo Mezentius, 
 flain by .zTneas. O^id. Virgil, 
 
 Lea'nder, a young man of Abydos, on the fide of 
 the Hellefpont, oppofite to Seftos, on the fide of 
 Europe, where his beloved Hero lived. Ovid. 
 
 Lea^rcjhus, the fon of Athamas and Ino, flain by 
 his diftra6led father. Ovid. Meta?n. 
 
 Led A, the daughter of Theftius, and wife of Tyn- 
 darus, king of Laconia. Jupiter deceived her in 
 the fhape of a fwan, who theireupon laid two eggs, 
 from one of which came Pollux and Helen, and 
 from the other Caftor and Clytemneflra. Ovid, 
 Met am. 
 
 Lemnos, an ifland in the.^gean fea, facred to Vul- 
 can, where he^ had his forges j and where likewife 
 was a famous labyrinth. 
 
 Le'mures, 
 
L E 
 
 Le'mures, evil fpirits, or ghofts, who came to dif- 
 turb and plague thofe who had injured them when 
 living. Fergus, 
 
 Lenofus, a name of Bacchus. Ovid. 
 
 Lerna, a lake near Argo?, in Peloponnefus, where 
 Hercules^defeated the Hydra with I'even heads, and 
 where the Danaides threw the -heads of their huf- 
 bands. 
 
 Lesbos, an Ifland in the ^gean Tea, where there 
 was a famous temple of Apollo. 
 
 LestrPgones, a people in Italy, who roafted and 
 eat the companions of UlylTes. Homer. 
 
 Lethe, a river' of hell, whereof the ghofts were 
 obliged to drink ; which as foon as they had done, 
 they loll the rtmembraiice of every thing that had 
 palTed. 
 
 Leucas, an ifland in the Ionian Tea, in which there 
 is a rock from whence defpairing lovers threw 
 themfelves, of which we have an inftance in Sap- 
 pho. Statius. 
 
 Leuct'ppe, the daughter of Theflor, a prieft and 
 famous foothfayer. Being uneafy about her father, 
 and Theonoe her filler, whom the had loll, flie con- 
 fulted the Oracle, and was advifed to go in fearcih 
 of them in the habit of a priell ; flie arrived in Ca- 
 ria, where Theonoe had been carried by the pirates, 
 into whole hands the father had likewife fallen. 
 Theonoe fell in love with Leucippe, taking her to 
 be a man ; and, Ihe not liftening to her propofal, 
 accufed her of an intent to commit a rape ; upon 
 which the captain of the pirates commanded Thef- 
 tor to kill her. Thellor deploring his misfortune, 
 in being obliged to become an executioner, pro- 
 nounced aloud the names of his daughters, who, 
 being furprifed, alked him a few queftions, knew 
 'him again, and they were all faved« 
 
 Leu- 
 
L I 
 
 Leuco'THEA, the daughter of Ino, and wife of 
 Athamas 5 who flying from her diflra<5^ed hufband, 
 who had (lain his and her fon Learchus, cati: her- 
 felf, with her other fon, into the fea, and were by 
 Neptune metamorphofcd into fea deities. 
 
 Leuco'thoe, the daughter of'Orchamus and Eu- 
 rynome. Apollo fell in love with her, and deceived 
 her in the fliape and habit of her mother. Elytia, 
 another concubine of Apollo, informed Orcha* 
 nuts of this affair, v/ho buried his daughter alive; 
 but Apollo changed her into a fi ankincenfe- 
 tree. 
 
 L(BER, a name of Bacchus. 
 
 Libera'les, the Bacchanals were fo called. 
 
 LiberA'LIa, feafts in honour of Bacchus. 
 
 Liberty, an allegorical deity, reprefenled under 
 the figure of a woman in white robes, holding a 
 feeptre in one hand, and a cap in the other; and 
 near her a cat with a broken collar. 
 
 Libiti'na, a goddefs that prefided over births and 
 burials. Horace^, 
 
 Li'bia, or Lybia, the daughter of Epaphus and 
 Memphis. She married Neptune, by whom (he had 
 Agenor and Bslus. 
 
 Lichas, the boy by whom Deianira fent the enve- 
 nomed fnirt to Hercules, who thereupon took him 
 by the hair of the head, and threw him into the 
 fea, but Neptune changed him into a rock. 
 
 Li'mnades, nymphs who prefided over lakes. 
 
 Linus, the fon of Apollo and Terpfichore, a The- 
 ban, who invented mufic and lyric poetry. He 
 taught mufic to Orpheus and Hercules : this lafl: 
 being one day reprimanded feverely, he broke his 
 inafler’s head with his lyre. O'Vtd, VirgiL Horaie^ 
 
 LbRiOPE, a ' nymph, daughter of Oceanus and 
 Tetbys, and mother of NarciiTus. ' She was meta- 
 p raorphofed 
 
L Y 
 
 morphofed into a fountain, in which Narciflus^ 
 looking, fell in love with hirnfelf. 
 
 Loros, a tree, whole fruit, being eaten, made Grang- 
 ers forget their native country. Homer, 
 
 Lube'ntia, a goddefs who prehded over p]eafures. 
 
 Lu'cifer, the (bn of Jupiter and Aurora. He was 
 placed among the Gars, and is the fame that ap- 
 pears in the morning before fun-rife. 
 
 Luci'na, a goddefs who prefided over child-birth. 
 Juno was worGiipped under this name. 
 
 Luna, one of the names of Diana. 
 
 Lupe'rcal, a place under Mount Palatine, confe- 
 crated by Evander to Parthe, god of Arcadia, 
 that he might preferve their docks from the wolves.. 
 Virgil, 
 
 Luperca'lia, a feGival facred to Pan. 
 
 Lupe'rci, prieGs of Pm, who on the Lupercalia 
 ran naked about the Greets, and Gruck women 
 with child, in Older to procure them a more ea(y 
 labour. Virgil, 
 
 Ly^us, a name of Bacchus. 
 
 Lyca'on, a king of Arcadia, who would have 
 murdered Jupiter in his own palace, but, miGlng 
 his defign, Gew a MoloGlan hoGage j whereupon. 
 Jupiter confumed his palace with lightning, and 
 turned him into a wolf. O^id, Metam, 
 
 Lyca'stus, a town of Crete. 
 
 Ly'cophron, a famous tragic poet of Chalets. 
 
 Lycome'des, a king of the ifland Scyros, father of 
 Deidamia, on whom Achilles, in woman’s appa- 
 rel, begat Pyrrhus. 
 
 Lyco'ris, a nymph whom Apollo loved tenderly. 
 
 Ly'cia, a kingdom of Greece. 
 
 Lycus, a king of Boeotia, who married Antiope, 
 the daughter of king Ny<5leus 5 who, hearing that 
 Jupiter had lain wdth her, divorced her, and took 
 Difce to wife, and kept Antiope confined : but 
 
 Jupiter 
 
M JE 
 
 Jupiter relcafed her, and flie fled to Citheron, 
 where (he was delivered of twins, Amphion and 
 Zethis 5 who, when grown up, revenged their mo- 
 thr’s wrongs upon Lycus and Dirce. 
 
 Ly^n CEL’S, one of the fifty fons of ^gyptus, and 
 was the only one that efcaped the maffacre. As 
 alfo an Argonaut who was faid to fee i 30 miles 
 diftance, and through trees and rocks. Likewife 
 the brother of Idas, who flew Pollux. 
 
 Lyncus, a king of Scythia, who, for his cruelty to 
 Triptolemus, the meflenger of Ceres, was turned 
 into a lynx. Onjid, Met am, 
 
 Ly'PARitA, an illand where Vulcan had a forge. 
 
 M. 
 
 M Aca'reus, the fon of JIloIus, who lay with 
 his filler Canace, and had a child by her \ 
 whereupon he fled, and his father ordered the child 
 to be caft to the dogs. He alfo fent his daughter 
 a fwoi d, with a command to ufe it as fhe deferved. 
 Owid, 
 
 Macedo'nia, a fertile country between Thrace, 
 Epirus, and Greece, properly fo called. 
 Ma'chaon, the fon of .^^fculapius and Arfinoe, 
 was a fkilful phyfician, and performed great cures, 
 healing the wounded Greeks at the fiege of Troy. 
 Prof)ertius, 
 
 Macris, daughter of Ariftaeus, who received Bac- 
 chus in her lap when Vulcan drew him out of the 
 flames j by which means fhe incurred the anger of 
 Juno, who obliged her to fly away. 
 
 Mj^iA'NDER, a river in Phrygia, having innumer- 
 able turnings and windings. O^jid, 
 
 M^'nades, women who facrifletd to Bacchus. 
 
 P2 M^'nalus, 
 
M^'nalus, a high hill in Arcadia. Virgil. 
 
 jM^o'nides, a title given to Homer. 
 
 M^o^tis, a vaft lake beyond the Euxinefea, which 
 is computed to be near 600 miles in circumference. 
 
 M^Vlus, a wretched poet in Virgil’s time. 
 
 ‘Ma'ia, one of the Pleiades, and daughter of Atlas 
 by Pleione. Jupiter fell in love with her, and be- 
 gat Mercury. She brought up Areas, which great- 
 ly enraged Juno, who would have feverely perfe- 
 cuted her, if Jupiter had not changed her into a 
 ftar. 
 
 Male'a, a promontory of Greece, in the fouthern 
 part of the Morea. 
 
 Mammo'sa, a name of Ceres, becaufe Ihe had a 
 great number of breafts, to denote her being the 
 nurfe of all the worldi 
 
 Manes, the ghofts of the dead, fo called by the an- 
 cients. They ere6led altars to their honour, and 
 offered facrifices to appeafe them. Some make 
 them to be the fame as the genii, but improperly. 
 
 Ma'nia, the goddefs of mad people, who are civil- 
 ly or naturally dead. 
 
 Mani'lius, a Roman poet, who wrote upon.aftro- 
 nomy. 
 
 Manto, the daughter of Tirefias, the Theban footh- 
 fayer, who, to avoid the tyranny of Creon and 
 Thefeus, fled into Afla, and built a temple to A- 
 polio at Claros, in return for inftrufting her in 
 the art of divination. She w^as married to Alcmeon, 
 who had two children by her. 
 
 Maro, the furnaine of Virgil. 
 
 Marpe'ssa, a very beautiful lady, wife of Ideus, 
 and mother of Cleopatra, the wife of Meleager. 
 Apollo falling in love with her, and taking her 
 away, her hulband puifued, but could not over- 
 take them. 
 
 Ma'rota, 
 
M A / 
 
 Ma'rota, a ridiculous image, reprefenting the head, 
 with two faces before and behind : one of thefe is 
 generally put in the hand ofMomus. 
 
 Mars, the god of war, and fon of Juno without a 
 father j for this goddefs, being difpieafed that Ju- 
 piter had brought Pallas into the world without her 
 participation, went into the eaft for inftruflions to 
 do the like. Being on her way, (he fat at the gate 
 of the temple of the goddefs Flora to reft heifeif, 
 who demanded the occafion of her voyage, and 
 piomifed to teach her the fecret (lie wanted, pro- 
 vided (he never difcovered it. This goddefs fiiew- 
 ed her a certain flower, upon which, if a woman 
 fat, /he would conceive immediately. By this 
 means Juno brought Mars into the world, and 
 named him the god of war. Mars prefided over 
 fights and engagements, and was paflionatelj fond 
 of Venus, with whom Vulcan furprifed him afleep. 
 He is always reprefented in armour, from head to 
 foot, with a cock near him ; for he had changed 
 Alefiryon, his favourite, into a cock ; becaufe, 
 while he was centinel, when he was engaged with , 
 Venus, he fuffered them to be furprifed. Many 
 temples were built to his honour, and the wolf was 
 confecrated to him ; as alfo the horfe, the pye, the 
 vulture, and the coc-k. O^id. VirpiL Cicero, 
 Ma'rsyas, a famous fatyr, who firft fet to mufic 
 the hymns confecrated to the gods. Cybele was in 
 love with him, and made him follow her in her 
 voyages. He challenged Apollo to fing with him, 
 who, to punifli him for his boldnefs, fiead him 
 alive. O^id. Meta??!.- 
 
 Ma^rtial, a poet and writer of epigrams, born in 
 Spain. ^ , 
 
 MANu'TAj'a nan^e of Aurora, the goddeis of -the 
 momingi O'uid. . ^ 
 
 Mav-ORS, the name of Mars, 
 
 ? S Maxjso'lvp, 
 
M E 
 
 Mau30'l.us, a king of Carla, who, after the death 
 of his wife Artemifia, ere6led To fuperb a monu- 
 ment to her memory, that it was accounted one of 
 the feven wonders of the world, and was called the 
 Maufolaeiim. 
 
 Meds'a, the daughter of OEtes, king of Colchos, 
 a forcerefs. She entertained Jafon and his Argo- 
 nauts, and failing in love with him, on promife of 
 marriage, taught him how to tame the brazen* 
 footed bull, and to caft the dragon into a deep 
 fleep, that he might carry off the golden fleece ; 
 which being done, he fled, and took her and her 
 brother along with him ; but fearing to be over- 
 taken by her father, flie cut her brother Abfyrtus 
 in pieces, and ftrewed his limbs in the way to flop 
 the purfuit. Jafon, at his return, married her, and 
 had two fons by her, whom flie murdered in re- 
 venge, becaufe Jafon had married Creufa, the 
 daughter of the king of Corinth. She fent a boxj 
 to the bride as a prefent, which being opened there 
 came out a fire which burnt her and the palace; 
 after this, flie fled to Athens on winged dragons, 
 where the married old JEgeiis, and had a fon.-by 
 him called Medus, with whom Ihe flew away into 
 that part of Afia fince called Media, She advifed 
 the daughters of Pelia’s to cut their father ii\ 
 pieces, and to boil him in a cauldron, in order to 
 make him young again j but they were greatly de- 
 ceived. Ovid, Mdtam, Seneca. 
 
 Medu's A, the daughter of Phorcus, was a beautiful 
 lady with golden hair. She was deflowered by Nep- 
 tune, in the temple of Minerva ; in revenge of 
 which, the goddefs changed her hair into fnakes, 
 and caufed all who looked on her to he converted 
 into ftone. Perfeus furprifed her fnakes afleep, 
 and cut off her head j and from the blood arofe the 
 borfe Pegafus, who ftriking the ground with his 
 
M E 
 
 footj made the fountain Hippocrene rife out of the 
 earth. He/iod, O^vid, Metam, As Lucan fays, 
 the drops falling from the head, became fnakes. 
 
 Me'gara, the daughtei of Creon, and wife of 
 Hercules, whom, while he was gone into the in- 
 fernal regions, Lycus endeavoured to force to 
 yield up the kingdom, and to live with him ; but 
 Hercules returned very opportunely, and killed 
 Lycus. Juno, always an enemy to Keicules, 
 thinking this execution unjuft, infpired him with 
 fuch a fury, that he (lew Megara and the children 
 he had by her. 
 
 Meg^'ra, one of the three Furies of hell, who 
 frighted Hercules more than the fight of Pluto 
 had done. 
 
 Mela'mpus, the fon of Amythaon and Dorippe, 
 a famous foothfayer and phyfician, from whom 
 Hellebore is called Mclampodium. It is faid he 
 could interpi^et the fmging of hiids. He cured the 
 daughters of Prietus of their melancholy. Ti7>w/- 
 /«/. Virgil^ O^id, 
 
 Mela'mp YGOS, a word which fignihes black breech, 
 and is a name given to Hercules, hecaufe his pofte- 
 riors were rough and covered with black hair. 
 
 Mela^ntho, the daughter. of Proteus, who ufed to 
 attend her father mounted on a dolphin 5 which 
 Neptune knowing, affumed that (liape, and, lying 
 witp her, begat Amycus. Ouid. Metam. 
 
 Melea^ger, the fon of OLneus, king of Calydonia 
 and Althaea. When he was newly born, his mo- 
 ther heard the Fates, who fat by the hre, fay, that 
 the child (liould live till that billet, which one 
 pf them held in her hand, was confumed j upon 
 which they^ departed, and immediately the mother 
 extinguifiied the billet, and laid it carefully up. 
 When he was grown up, his father, in the end of 
 the harveif, facrificing to the of the gods. 
 
M E 
 
 forgot Diana, who thefeupon fent a prodigious 
 wild boar to ravage his lands. The Greciaa 
 princes, headed by young Meleager, hunted the 
 wild boar and killed it, and then prefented his 
 head to Atalanta, the daughter of Jafius, king of 
 Argos, who had given the monfter the firft wound* 
 The brothers of Althaea were To angry at this, that 
 they endeavoured to take away the head frona the 
 princefs j which Meleager oppofing, flew thenri in 
 t te confli6V, and took the lady to wife ; upon which 
 his mother, in a paflion, burned the billet, and 
 
 . Meleager died of a burning fever* O^id* Metam, 
 Juft in, 
 
 Melice^rtus, the fon of Ino and Athamas, king 
 of Thebes, who, to avoid the fury of his father, 
 threw himfelf into the fea, and was changed into 
 a fea god. 
 
 Meli^ssa, one of the nymphs who attended on A- 
 maltbea, and who aflilled her to nourifli Jupiter 
 with goats milk. 
 
 Meli'ssus, an ancient king of Crete, and father of 
 Amaltheaand Melifla, 
 
 Melo'na, the goddefs of bee?. 
 
 Melpo'mene, one of the nine Mufes, who prefided 
 over tragedy. She is reprefented under a figure 
 of a young virgin, with a fei ious countenance, 
 magnificently drell:, with bufkins on her legs, and 
 fceptres and crowns in one hand, and a poniard in 
 the other. 
 
 Memn’ON, king of Abydos, and fon of Tithonus 
 and Aurora. Achilles flew him before Troy, be- 
 caule he had brought afliftance to Priam 3 and 
 when his body was laid upon the pile, Apollo 
 changed him into a bird , at the requelt of Aurora: 
 this bird multiplied greatly, and retired into 
 u^thiopia with its young ones. However, they 
 came every year to vifit Memnon*s tomb, and 
 
 fougat 
 
ME 
 
 fought till fome of them were killed. It is faid 
 that the ftatiie of Memnon, when Aurora and the 
 firft rays of the fun began to appear, yielded an 
 harmonious found. Homer, 
 
 Mena'le, a mountain near the river Eurotas, where 
 Apollo fling, to his lyre, the metamorphofis of 
 Daphne into a bay or laurel tree. 
 
 Menali'ppe, fifter to Antiope, queen of the Ama- 
 zons, who was taken captive by Hercules, and 
 given Thefeus to wife. 
 
 Menali'ppus, a Theban, who having given Ty- 
 deus a mortal wound, the wounded man, becoming 
 ina^ deiired his friends to fetch his head, which 
 they did,, with the lofs of many lives 5 which he 
 having received, tore with his teeth like a wild 
 beaft, and then died. 
 
 Mena'nder, a poet of Athens, who wrote come- 
 dies, which were imitated by Terence. 
 
 MENiECE'us, Ton of Creon, king of Thebes. He 
 was killed in endeavouring* to part Etheocles and 
 Polynices, his coufins, who were going to fight. 
 
 Me'nelaus, fon of Atreus and ^rope, brother 
 to Agamemnon. He was king of Sparta, and 
 hulband to Helen, who doped from him with 
 Paris, which occafioned a ten years war, and the 
 total deftru6lion of Troy. He took his wife back 
 again, and condu6led her to Lacedaemon, where 
 he died foon after. Homer, O^id. 
 
 Me' NEPHRON, a young Thdfalian, who having 
 committed inceft with his mother, Diana changed 
 them into a dog and bitch. 
 
 Mene'sthius, fon of Arifious and Philomedufa, 
 He was killed at the fiege of Troy by Paris. 
 
 Me'nius, fon of Lycaon, who v*?as changed, with 
 his father, into a wolf by Jupiter, for having ut- 
 tered blafphemies againit him. 
 
 Me- 
 
M £■ 
 
 Menoeceus, a Theban, the laft of the Cadmlan 
 race, who voluntarily facrificed himfelf for thefafe- 
 ty of his country. Statius, JuvenaL 
 MENOE'TESjone of the companions of ^neas.^ir^iV. 
 Menoe'tius, a Grecian prince of great reputation, 
 fon of /Eginus, a^ad father of Patroclus. ^ 
 Mentor, governor of Telemachus, was the mod 
 wife and prudent man of his time. It is pretend* 
 ed that Minerva affumed his fhape to educate Te- 
 lemachns. 
 
 Me'rcury, the fon of Jupiter and Mala. He vs^as 
 the god . of elo«juence, trade, and thieves, and 
 meffenger of the gods, particularly to Jupiter. He 
 had wings on his head and his heels, to execute 
 his orders with celerity. He condu6led the ghoifs 
 of the departed into the infernal regions, and had 
 a power of bringing them back. He underftood 
 mufic perfe6lly well, as well as wreftling, dancing, 
 and fencing. He ftole the flocks, the arms, and 
 the lyre of Apollo, which laft he played upon to 
 charm Argus afteep, who was keeper of lo. He 
 metamorphofed Battus into a touch- ftone, deliver* 
 ed Mars from the prlfon wherein Vulcan had in- 
 clofed him, and he faftened Prometheus to the top 
 of Mount Caucafus. He was greatly beloved by 
 Venus, by whom he had Hermaphroditus. In 
 (hort, he had fo much bufinefs on his hands in hea- 
 ven, earth, and hell, that Lucian brings him in 
 grievoufty complaining that he had no reft day nor 
 ' night. His ftatues had a purfe in the right hand, 
 and a caduceus in the left j on his head he had a 
 broad-brimmed hat, with wings upon it, and had 
 likewife wings upon his heels Ovid, VirgxL 
 Merge, an iftand and city in Ethiopia. Lucan* 
 Me'rope, one of the ftars called the Pleiades. 
 
 M ERG PS, the haifband of Clyrnene, Phaeton's mo- 
 ther, Ovid, 
 
 Me'ssapus, 
 
M I 
 
 ( Me'ssapus, an Italian, who took part with Tur- 
 nus agiinit JEneas. Virgil, 
 
 \ Metra, the daughter of Erefichton, a initfrefs of 
 Neptune, who gave her the power of transforming 
 ( herfelf into any fliape the pleafed ; inl'omuch that 
 her father, when he wanted money, would fell her 
 for a cow or a horfe, and then fiie would return 
 home in her own fhape. O^oid. Metavi. 
 
 Meze'ntius, a king of the Tyrrhenians, who afTift- 
 deTurnus againft ^neas. He was a cohieinner of 
 the gods, and a very cruel man, it being his cuftom 
 to tie the living to the dead, that the ftench of one 
 might kill the other. Virgil, 
 
 Midas, fon of Gordius, and king of Phrygia j he 
 received Bacchus into his dominions in a friendly 
 manner, who, out of gratitude for his kindncfs, 
 promifed him to grant whatever he lequeifed. 
 Midas dehred that whatever he fhould touch might 
 turn into gold j bpt he repented foon after, for 
 even bis meat and drink changed into that metal. 
 He befoiight Bacchus to take his gift back again, 
 and was fent, by his order, to wafli in the river Pac- 
 tolus. Apollo fixed afles ears on his head, becaufe 
 he preferred the Tinging of Pan and MaiTyas to 
 that of this god. O^id, Nletam. 
 
 Mile'tus, a famous city of Cariu, fix miles from 
 the mouth of Masander. The wool of this coun- 
 try was fo fine that it was in great elteem with the 
 Roman ladies. 
 
 Milo, a wreftler of prodigious ftrength, who could 
 carry a bull upon his flioulders, and kill him with 
 his fill. At lad: he fooliflily endeavoured to fplit 
 an oakj but in the attempt his hands were catch’d, 
 and being w'edged in the trunk, he miferably pe- 
 rilled. 
 
 MimaTlones^ women fo called that facrificed to 
 Bacchus. 
 
 Mimas, 
 
Mimas, a giant flain bjr Jupiter. 
 
 Mineus, a Theban lord, whofe daughters, called 
 Mineides, were changed into bats, for having de- 
 fpifed Bacchus, and worked -on the day of his fefti- 
 vaL O'vici, Met am. 
 
 Mine'rva, otherwife called Pallas, the goddefs of 
 wifdom, arts, fciences, and war. She was the 
 daughter of Jupiter, having proceeded from his 
 brain armed from tcp to toe. They pretended 
 that Vulcan ftruck him on the head with an ax, 
 to bring her into the world. She and Neptune 
 difputed who fhould give the name to the city of 
 Cecropia, and it was agreed that whoever of the ~ 
 two produced the moft beneficial gift to mankind 
 in an inftant, Ihould have the honour. She, with 
 her lance, made an olive-tree fpring out of the ' 
 earth in full bloom ; and Neptune, with a ftrokc of 
 his trident, brought a horfe out of the ground. 
 The gods decided the ftrife in favour of Minerva, 
 becaufe an olive-tree is the fymbol of peace j and 
 fhe named the city Athens, from Athene, as iht 
 was called by the Greeks. She invented fpinning, 
 weaving, making and colouring cloth, and build- 
 ing of towers, forts, and caftles. She is repre- 
 fented in armour from head to foot, holdino- a 
 lance in one hand, and feverai mathematical inftru- 
 ments near her. Quid. Metam, 
 
 Minos, a king and law-giver of Crete, and Ton of 
 Jupiter and Europa. He married Pafiphae, the 
 daughter of Apollo, and had children by her. 
 Their fon, Androgeus, was bafely murdered by 
 the Athenians ; for which reafon, he made war 
 upon them, and forced them to give feven of their 
 nobility yearly to be devoured by the Minotaur. 
 Daedalus built him a labyrinth, with inextricable 
 turnings and windings ; wherein- he bimfelf and 
 his fon Icarus were afterwards fnut up by Minos, 
 
 to^e.thtr 
 
M OE 
 
 together with the monfter which his wife had con* 
 ceived by a bull; becaufe he had afTifled her in this 
 brutal acl. But Daedalus, making himfeif and his 
 ion wings, efcaped from thence ; however, Minos 
 puiTued him into Sicily, where fome fay he was 
 lufFocated to death. Minos, being dead, defcended 
 into the infernal regions, where Fate, as it is faid, 
 put an urn into his hands, wheiein are contained 
 the dedinies of mankind, and obliged him to 
 remain there for ever, as the chief judge of hell. 
 VirgiL 
 
 MFnotaur, a monfter half a bull and half a man, 
 who was conceived by Pafiphae, by the contri- 
 vance of Dcedalus; he lived upon human fleih, 
 and had feven noble Athenians given him every 
 year to devour for a long time. He was at length 
 killed by Thefeus, who had been taught by Ariadne, 
 the king’s daughter, to find his way out of the 
 Labyrinth. Catullus. Virgil, O'vid, 
 
 Ml NT HA, the concubine of Pluto, whom Profbr- 
 pine changed into an herb, bearing that name. 
 O'-vid. Metam, 
 
 Mise^nus, the fon of Soltis and trumpeter of Hec- 
 tor, who, after his mafter’s death, followed JEneas 
 into Italy. And fome time after challenging Tri- 
 ton in his art, was by him drowned; but his body,, 
 being found, was buried in the hill of the fame 
 name. Virgil. 
 
 Mna'sylus, a young fatyr, who joined Chronis 
 and Egle to bind old Silenus with garlands. 
 
 Mnemo'syne, the goddefs of memory. She was 
 belovechby Jupiter, and had by him the nineMufes. 
 Hejlod. 
 
 Mode'stia, the goddefs of modefty and modera- 
 tion. Tacitus, 
 
 Moece^nas, a Roman gentleman, defcended of the 
 Q ancient* 
 
MU 
 
 ancient Tufcan race of kings, a lover of learning, 
 and patron of Horace. 
 
 MoeRA, the name of a bitch belonging to Icarius. 
 
 Molo'rchus, an old fhepherd of Cleonia, who 
 having entertained Hercules } he, in recompence 
 tliereof, flew the Nemasan lion, which ravaged 
 the country. Statius, 
 
 Molo'ssus, fun of Pyrrhus and Andromache 5 as 
 alfoone of the dogs of A6laeon. 
 
 Momus, the fon of Somnus' and Nox, and god of 
 carping. Pie made it his biifinefs to examine the 
 actions of gods and men j for which reafon he is 
 reprefented as taking a mafk off his face, and 
 holding a puppet in his hand. Neptune having 
 made a bull, Vulcan a man, and Minerva a 
 houfe, Momus found fault with the horns of the 
 bull, v;hich he faid were improperly placed, flnce 
 they (houid have been nearer the flioulders or eyes, 
 to Alike with greater force. In regard to the 
 man, he would have had a little window in his 
 breaft, that his moll fecret thoughts might be 
 difeovered, As to the houfe, he affirmed it was too 
 clumfy* and heavy, and not fit to be tranfported 
 to another place, when it was near a bad neighbour. 
 Liic'tan, 
 
 Mo'rpheus, the god of dreams, who laid all thofe 
 afleep that he touched witb a poppy plant, and 
 then prefented to their imaginations dreams of 
 different kinds. 
 
 Mors, or Death, a deity, daughter of Somnus and 
 Nox, and the moft implacable of them all. Her 
 facrifice was a cock. The poets reprefent her as 
 a fkeleton, cloathed in a black garment befet with 
 ttars.. Sometimes they give her wings, and a fey the 
 in her hand. Some make Somnus, or Sleep, her 
 brother. 
 
 Murcia, a name of Venus* 
 
 Muses, 
 
! M Y 
 
 i Muses, the goddeffes of arts and fciences, mufic, 
 I and poetry, datighters of Jupiter and Mnemofyne. 
 I Their names are Calliope, Clio, Erato, Euterpe, 
 
 ^ Melpomene, Polyhymnia, Terpfichore, Thalia, 
 
 ? and Urania: they are reprefented with Aprdlo at 
 
 I their head. The palm tree,'the laurel, and many 
 
 ^ fountains, fuch as Hippocrene, Caftalia, and the 
 river ParnafTus, were facred to them. They in- 
 ^ habited the mountains ParnafTus, Helicon, Pi- 
 I eras, and Pudus, The horfe Pegafus generally 
 I grazed upon thefe mountains, or near them. 
 
 I Musi^:'us, an Athenian poet, fcholar of Orpheus, 
 and cotemporary with Cecrops, the fecond king of 
 Athens. There is one poem of his concerning 
 Hero and Leander, ftill extant. 
 
 My'rmidons, a people of ThelTaly, who,^ being 
 ants, were by miracle turned into men at the re- 
 queft of .<®acus, when the plague had dedroyed 
 the old inhabitants. They followed AchiTles to 
 the fiege of Troy. 
 
 Myrrha, the daughter of Cinyras, king of Cyprus, 
 She committed inceft with her father, by the con- 
 trivance of her nurfe, who conveyed her into her 
 father’s bed infiead of his wife. He cpming to the 
 knowledge of the crime, would have (lain her, but 
 fhe was metamorphofed into a myrtle-tree. Ado- 
 nis was the fruit of this inceft. 
 
 My'rtilus, the charioteer of Oenomaus, who took 
 a bribe from Pelops to overturn his maftei’s chariot 
 in the race, wherein he was either to gain a beauti- 
 ful bride or lofe his life. Though this treachery 
 was attended with fuccefs, yet Pelops threw him 
 into the fea for having betrayed his mafter. 
 
 Myrtho, a famous Amazon, mi/trefs of Mercury^ 
 by whom he had Myrthilus. 
 
 My- 
 
N A 
 
 Mvsci'llus, an inhabitant of Argos, who not be- 
 ing able to unfold the fenfe of the Oracle, which 
 had ordered him to build a city where he fliould 
 meet with rain and fair weather at the fame time, 
 he meeting with a courtefan who wept, he there 
 built the city of Crotona. 
 
 My'sia, a country of Afia the Lefs, bordering upon 
 Troas, not far from the Hellefpont, 
 
 N. 
 
 N -^^nia, a goddefs of funeral fongs, w^ho had 
 a chapel at Rome without the Viminal gate. 
 Na'iades, nymphs of the fprings and fountains: 
 fometimes the word is taken for any nymph. O'-vid* 
 Me tarn, 
 
 Na'ias, a nymph of mount Ida, who married Capis, 
 king of Phrygia. It is faid that die was meta- 
 morphofed into a fountain, and that fhe gave the 
 name of Naiades to the nymphs who inhabit the 
 waters. 
 
 the daughters of Nereus and Doris. They 
 prefided over the meadows and groves. 
 
 Naptha, a drug, with which Medea rubbed the 
 robe and crown which fhe fent to Creufa. 
 Narcissus, the fon of Cephifus and Liriope. He 
 was fo handfome that all the nymphs fell in love 
 with him 5 but he flighted them all. Echo, among 
 the reft, could not influence him (o regard her, 
 for which reafon (he piued away with grief. Ti- 
 refias predi 61 ed to his parents that he (hould 
 never die till he faw himfelf. Returning one day 
 from the chafe, he looked into a fountain, and was 
 
 fo 
 
N £ 
 
 fo enamoured with his own beauty, that he lan- 
 guifhed away, and was meramorphofed into a flower 
 called Narciflus. OvidyMetam, 
 
 N/f/vius, a very ancient Roman poet, who wrote 
 feveral plays. Horace, 
 
 Nau'plius, thefonof Neptune and Euboea, who, 
 hearing his fon was unjuftly put to death in the 
 Grecian camp, meditated, revenge, and endeavour- 
 ed to debauch the wives and daughters of the ab- 
 I’ent princes. Likewife^ as they were returning home, 
 he fet up falfe lights on mount Caphareus, to mif- 
 guide tlveir (hips, whereby many were loft. But 
 when he heard that Diomedes and tJlyfles, the prin- 
 ' cipal enemies of his fon, hadefcaped, he threw him- 
 .felf ipto file fea.’ Propertius, 
 
 NAu'siCA'e, the daughter of A.lcinous, king of the 
 . Phoenicians, w!io happened to meet Ulyfles, after he 
 was fhrpwrecked, and conducted him 'to her fa- 
 ther's court. Homer, 
 
 Nautes, a Projan fobthfayer. who, a'ceompanied 
 yEneaV, and' -p red ‘bled that all his misfortunes 
 (hould be owing to the hatred of Juno. 
 
 Naxos, one of the Cyclad iflands, noted for its 
 good wines. In this ifland Bacchus found Ari'- 
 adne, bafeiy deferted by Thefeus, and took her to 
 wifei ' 
 
 a'H'eautiful nymph, by whom Apollo Bad 
 two daughters, Phaethufa and Lanipetia. There 
 was alfo a fliepherdefs of that nAme. ' 
 
 Nece'ssity, ah allegorical goddefs, daughter of 
 Fortune. Her power waS fuch that Jupiter him- 
 fe)f was forced to obey her, and nobody, befides 
 her prieftefles, were allowed to enter her temple ac 
 Corinth. 
 
 Nectar, a drink which Hebe and Ganimede pre- 
 fented to the gods. 
 
 0^3 Ne'leus^ 
 
N E 
 
 Ns'leu 3, the Ton of Neptune, and the Nymph Tyro, 
 being driven out of TheiTaly by his brother Pelias, 
 he took refuge at Lacedaemon, where he married 
 Chloris, by when he had twelve children, who 
 were all mafTacred by Hercules, except Neftor, who 
 was abfent. 0*vid. M£tam, 
 
 Ne'm-® A, a country of Elis, where there was a vaft 
 forcli famous for the terrible lion killed by Htr- 
 ciiles 5 after which, he inftituted games on that 
 occahon. There was a daughter of Jupiter and 
 Luna, fiom whence, as it is faid, Lycurgus de- 
 feended, who was named Nemsea. 
 
 Ne'mesis, the goddefs of Revenge, and daughter 
 of Jupiter and NecefTity. She diftributed rewards 
 and punifhments, but chiefly the latter. 
 
 Neopto'lemus, a name of Pyrrhus, fon of Achil- 
 les. rirgiL 
 
 Ne'phele, the wife of Athamas, and mother of 
 Phryxis and Helle, as alfp one of Diana’s compa- 
 nions. 
 
 Neptune, the fon of Saturn and Rhea, gpd of the 
 fea, and father of the fountains and rivers, bear- 
 ing a trident for a feeptre. When the dominions 
 of Saturn were divided with his brothers, Jupiter 
 and Pluto, the empire of the feas fell to him. 
 Rhea faved him from the fury of his father, as 
 file had done Jupiter. He was delivered to fhep- 
 herds to be educated, and, when he was grown 
 up, he married Amphltrite, had feveral concu- 
 bines, and w^s chafed from heaven with Apollo, for 
 having confpired againft Jupiter, They went to- 
 gether to afTift Laomedon in rebuilding the walls 
 of Troy, and he puniflicd that king for refufing 
 his falary, by bringing a fea- monfter which ravag- 
 ed the country near the fea. He difputed with 
 Minerva about giving a name to Athens, in which 
 he failed. He ravifhed an^i changed Aniymone 
 
 into 
 
5 
 
 N I 
 
 into a fountain. He is reprefented cn a car, in 
 the form of a /hell, drawn by fea-horfes, an'd with 
 a trident in his hand. Q-vid. Virgil, 
 
 Ne'reus, a fea god. Ton of Oceanus and Tethys, 
 He married his fifter Doris, by whom he had fifty 
 daughters called Nereides, of nymphs of the fea. 
 
 Nessus, a Centaur, fon of Ixicn and Nubes. He 
 offered his fervice to Hercules, to carry his wife 
 Deianira over the river Evenus 5 but when he had 
 her on the other fide, he would have raviflied 
 her, upon which Hercules /hot him with an ar- 
 row. Neflus, apprehending the wound was mor- 
 tal, in revenge gave her his fhirt ftained with 
 blood, telling her, if her hu/band, at any time 
 fhould eftrange himfelf from her, it would regain 
 his affe61;ion. Soon after, hearing he had fallen iji 
 love with lole, fhe fent him the fliirt as he w^as 
 facrificing on Mount Oeta, which he put on, and 
 prefently felt fuch terrible pain, that he threw him- 
 felf into the fire. Virgil. O^jid, 
 
 Nestor, the fon of Neleus and Chloris, who was 
 preferved from the unhappy fate of his father and 
 brothers. When he was young, he fought with 
 the Centaurs at the wedding of Pirithous, and 
 when old, he went with fifty fhips to the Trojan 
 war. His wifdom was fuch, that Agamemnon 
 faid, that, if he had but ten fuch counfellors, he 
 fhould foon take Troy ; and his eloquence was fo 
 great, that his words dropped from his lips like 
 honey. He is faid to have Jived three ages. Hotrer. 
 Horace. 
 
 Nicti'mene, a Theffalian girl, who was faid to be 
 too well acquainted with her father, and was 
 changed into an owl. 
 
 Ninus, an emperor of AfTyria. He v\'as the fir/l 
 who facrificed to flatues. 
 
 Ni'OBE, 
 
NY 
 
 Ni'obe, wife of Amphion, kingof Thebes> by whom 
 he had feven fons and as many daughters : flie 
 grew fo proud that (he (lighted -the (acrifices of 
 Latona, and fet herfelf above tiiac goddefs j which 
 the children of Latona, Apollo and Diana, re- 
 fenting, he (lew the males, and (he the females, 
 and Niobe was changed .into a rock. 
 
 Nisus, king of Megara, who had a fatal purple 
 lock, which his daughter Scyllacut off, and gave 
 to Minos, her father’s enemy, with whom (he was 
 in love; upon which her father died with grief, 
 and was changed into a hawk, and (he into a lark. 
 Ovid, Met am. 
 
 There was another Nifus, friend of Euryalus. 
 
 No'nius, one of the horfes of Pluto. 
 
 Notus, the fouth wind, and one of the four prin- 
 cipal. 
 
 Nox, the goddefs of darknefs, daughter of C.oelum ^ 
 and Terra. She married Erebus, a river of hell, by 
 whom (lie had inany children. She is painted iri 
 black.robes befet with ftars. 
 
 Numi'cius, a river of Italy, where Aineas was 
 drowned, faid to be the hufband of Anna, ithe 
 filler of Dido. 
 
 Nymphs, daughters of Oceanus and Terra, or of 
 . Nereus and Doris. Thofe called Nereides have 
 their abode in the fea ; and others, termed Naiades, 
 dwell in brooks, fountains, and rivers : thofe of 
 the fields are named Dryades, and the Hama- 
 dryades delight in forefts : the Napseae in groves 
 and meadows, and the Oreades in mountains. 
 
 Nysa, is the name of a woman in Virgil, as well 
 as of a mountain, and feveral cities in many 
 -parts of the world, where they rendered peculiar 
 honours to Bacchus. 
 
 O 
 
OE D 
 
 O, 
 
 O A'xes, a river in the idand of Crete, fo called 
 from Oaxus, fon of Apollo. 
 
 Ccc'asion, or Opportunity, an allegorical deity, 
 who prefides over the moft favourable moment in 
 undertaking any enterprife. She is painted under 
 the figure, of a naked woman, or of a young 
 man bald behind, with one foot in the air, and 
 another on a wheel, holding a razor in one hand, 
 and a veil in the other. Phadrus. She is fup- 
 pofed to ftand upon a wheel which is always 
 turning, 
 
 Ocea'nus, the moft ancient god of the Tea, and 
 fon of Coelum and Vefta, or Terra, and hufband 
 of Tethys, and the father of the nymphs prefiding 
 over the rivers and fprings. 
 
 Ocy'pETE, one of the Harpies. 
 
 Ocy'thoe, the daughter of Chiron the Centaur, 
 faid to be turned into a mare, becaufe fhe was 
 defjrous to pry into futurity. 
 
 OE'dipus, king of Thebes, and fon of Laius and 
 Jocafta. His father, being told by the Oracle, 
 that he fhould be (lain by his fon, who would 
 marry his mother, gave orders to a fhepherd to 
 kill him , but he having fome fort of compaftion, 
 hung him up by the heels on a tree, that he might 
 periili with hunger. A fhepherd, pafting that way-, 
 took the infant and carried it to Polybius, king of 
 Corinth, who took care of his educatioivj and 
 when he was grown up, underftanding he was hoc 
 his fon, he went in queft of his parents. Coming 
 to Phocis, he killed his father unknowingly in a. 
 quarrel , thence going to Thebes, he folved the 
 
 enigma 
 
O E 
 
 enigma of Sphinx, who thereupon deftroyed 
 - hcrfelf 5 ignorantly married his mother as a re- 
 ward for that, fervice, and had children by her. 
 Afterwards, finding himfelf guilty, though- un- 
 defignedly, of panicide and incelt, he, for grief, 
 picked out his own eyes, and was led about by bis 
 daughter Antigone. The gods, difpleafed at tlie 
 inceft, afRifted the Thebans with a terrible plague, 
 which did not ceafe till the man who faved OEdi- 
 pus came to Thebes, and difcovered his birth. 
 Onjid. Metam. 
 
 Oene'us, king of Caledonia, and hufband of Al- 
 thaea, by whom he had Meleager, Tydeus, and 
 Deianira. When he was facrificing to the refi of 
 the deities, he negle6led his duty to Diana, wdio 
 thereupon fent a wild boar to wafte and deftroy 
 the country, which was hunted and killed by Me- 
 leager and his company. Ovid. Metatn, 
 Oeno'maus, the fon of Mars, king of Elis and, 
 Pifa, and farther of Hippodamia. Being told 
 that he fiiould die by the hand of his grandfon, 
 he refolved never to marry his daughter. As he 
 was well (killed in races, he obliged all thofe 
 who came to a(k her in marriage to contend with 
 him, on condition, if the fuitor was overcome, he 
 fliould be put to death j if he overcame, that he 
 fhoiild marry his daughter. Pelops came to his 
 court upon this account, and bribing his cha- 
 rioteer, one of the wheels fell off, by which means 
 he loft his life, his daughter^ and his kingdom. 
 Sfatius, 
 
 Oeno'ne, daughter of the river Phrygis, one of 
 the nymphs of Mount Ida. They fay fhe gave 
 herfelf up to Apollo, who, by way of reward. 
 Jet her have an infight of futurity, and the art of 
 medicine. She married Paris, to whom fhe pre- 
 dicted the rape of Helen, and the miferies of 
 
 Tioyj 
 
OM 
 
 Troy; upon which he left her Toon after. When 
 he was wounded by Philo61:etus, he came back 
 to her ; but (he received him very coldly: and 
 being afterwards wounded by Pyrrhus, he re» 
 turned again, and received the fame treatment. 
 However, (lie followed him at a diilance, with a 
 defign to cure him, but he died before (he overtook 
 him ; upon which (he hanged herfelf in her girdle. 
 
 Oe'ta, a mountain in ThelTaly, where Hercules 
 confecrated himfelf by fire. Statius. 
 
 Ogy'ges, an ancient king of Thebes, in Boeotia, 
 and descendant of Cadmus. In his time there 
 was a deluge which overflowed Greece, being the 
 flrfl deluge in the world, according to fabulous 
 hiflory. 
 
 Ocy'gia, an ifland of the Aufonian fea, but after- 
 wards called Calypfus, from Calypfo, who there 
 entertained Ulyffes. Pliny. 
 
 Oi'leus, a king of the Locrians, and father of Ajax^ 
 who, in his return from Troy, was by Pallas 
 flruck with thunder, for the rape of Caffandra in. 
 her temple. 
 
 Oly'mpias, the fpace of four years, and on the 
 fifth the Olympic games were celebrated in ho- 
 nour of Jupiter Olympius. 
 
 Olym PIUS, near Olympia, a town of Peloponnefus, 
 where was a temple of Jupiter. Greeks be- 
 
 gan to ufe this epocha a little time before the 
 building of Rome, for the foundations of that city 
 were laid in the third year of the flxdi Olympiad, 
 according to Eutropiiis. 
 
 Oly^mpus, a hill between ThefTaly and Macedon# 
 It is fo high, that it has been faid no bird flieth to 
 the top, nor clouds are feen above it. 
 
 Om'phale, a queen of Lydia, with whom Hercules 
 being in love, he changed his club and lion’s (kin 
 for a fpindle and diftaff, and he ufed to fpin in 
 company with her and her maids# 
 
 Ofs, 
 
OR 
 
 Ops, the daughter of Coelum and Vefta, the (ifter and 
 wife of- Saturn. She was alfo called Cybele, Rhea, 
 and the Mother of the Gods, becaufe by her the 
 earth was meant 5 for all the heathen gods were 
 born of the earth. 
 
 Ora, the wife of Romulus, afterwards made a gad- 
 defs. 
 
 O^RACLE : thofe places were fo called where they 
 predi 61 :ed future events, under the name of fome 
 deity. The anfwer which was given was aifo call- 
 ed the Oracle. The moft famous were thofe of 
 Apollo, and of the Sibyl of Cumae. 
 
 Ore'ades, nymphs of the mountains in Diana’s 
 train. 
 
 Orcu 5, the infernal regions. As alfo the name of 
 Pluto and Cerberus. 
 
 Ore'stes, the Ton of Agamemnon and Clytem- 
 neftra. He flew his own mother and i^^gyflhus, 
 her adulterer, who had murdered his father. 
 He alfo flew Pyrrhus, the fon of Achilles, in the 
 temple of Apollo, for marrying Hermione, who 
 hsd been betrothed to him by her grandfather. 
 Apollo fent furies to haunt him for the profa- 
 iiation of his temple, and forced him to ex- 
 piate his crimes at the altar of Diana. He and 
 Pylades are recorded for true friends, each con- 
 tending to die for the other. The ftory is, that 
 he fet out in company with Pylades his intimate 
 friend, who would never leave him till they came 
 to the place where Diana’s altar flood, and then 
 he prefented himfelf to Thoas, king of Tauris, 
 to be facrificed, affirming that he was Oreftes, 
 and that the other was an impoftor. At the 
 very moment that Oreftes was going to be 
 facrificed, his fifter Iphigenia, prie(^efs of Diana, 
 Icnew him 5 upon which flie, Oreftes, and 
 Pylades, facrificed Thoas himfelf, on account 
 
O R 
 
 of his cruelties, and carried off the ftatue of Diana. 
 Oreftes died of the bite of a viper. Sophocles, 
 Horace. Virgd. Ovid, 
 
 Orgies, the lacied rites of Bacchus, celebrated in 
 the night with great privacy, and as great lewd- 
 nefs and diforder. 
 
 Ori'On, Ion of Jupiter, Neptune, and Mercury. 
 Thefe three gods, travelling together, lodged with 
 a poor man called Hyreus, by whom they were 
 well entertained, and in return promifed to grant 
 whatever he flioiild alk. He had been defirous a 
 long time of having a Ton ; but he and his wife 
 made a vow to live in a date of celibacy. Where- 
 fore the gods ordered him to bring the ox's hide 
 which he had killed for them, and having all three 
 made water in it, they afTured him, that, if he did 
 not move it from the place, a Ton would proceed 
 from thence in nine months; accordingly at that 
 time was produced Orion, who became a great 
 hunter. He was fo unfortunate as to challenge 
 Diana,'" who fliould kill moft wild beads 5 where- 
 upon die railed up a fcorpion, which bit and killed 
 him. However, Jupiter metamorphofed him into 
 a condellation. 
 
 ORi'THYA,a daughter of Eri61heus, king ofAthens,. 
 Boreas fell in love with her, and carried her away 
 by force into Thrace, where he had two fons by 
 her, Zethes and Calais, two of the Argonauts. 
 As alfo a queen of the Amazons, who fucceeded 
 her mother Marpefia. Omd, JujHn, 
 
 O'rpheus, a Thracian, the fon of Apollo and 
 Calliope, or, as others fay, Clio. He was a mod 
 ancient, learned, and excellent poet, and was 
 one in the Argonautic expedition ; whereof he 
 wrote a hidory, which together with his hymns 
 are dill extant, but whether genuine or not is 
 much doubted. The poets pretend that the trees 
 R and 
 
O V 
 
 and rocks left their places, that the rivers flopped 
 their coiirfes, and that the wild beafls flocked 
 about him, to hear the found of his mufio. Eury- 
 dice, his wife, dying by the bite of a ferpcnt, the 
 fame day fhe was mamed, as flie was flying 
 from the purfuit of Ariflaeus, he defcended into 
 the infernaf regions to fetch her back j and fo 
 charmed Pluto, Proferpine, and all the infernal 
 deities, with mufic, that they reflored her to him, 
 on condition that he fhould not look behind him 
 till he was out of hell. But not having power to 
 command his impatience, he turned back to fee if 
 Eurydice followed him ; upon which fhe difappear- 
 ed in a moment. After this misfortune he re* 
 iiounced the company of w^omen, which fo much 
 difpleafed the Bacchanals, that they fell upon him 
 and tore him to pieces. O'vid, Virgil^ 
 Orsi'lochus, the fon of Idomeneus, flain by 
 Ulyfl'es after the Trojan war. Homer, 
 
 Orus, or Light, a god worfhipped by the ./Egyp- 
 tians, begot by Ofiris and Ihs. 
 
 Orty^gia, the ancient name of the ille of Delos. 
 
 As alfo a grove near Ephefus. 
 
 Osi'ris, the fon of Jupiter and'Niobe, who fiifl 
 taught the ./Egyptians hufbandry. His wife was 
 Io,*the daughter of Inachiis, afterwards called Ifis. 
 He was murdered by his brother Typhon, and his 
 wife went in fearch of his body, which was buried 
 in the ifland of Abates. She faw a very large ox, 
 which taking for him, fhe worfhipped it under the 
 name of Apis and Serapis. 
 
 UssA, a high mountain in Theflaly, and one of 
 thofe the giants made ufe of to climb into heaven. 
 Ovid, an excellent Roman poet of the Equeftrian 
 order. He was a very eafy writer, and his works 
 are well known. Having fome way difobliged 
 Auguftus, he was banifhed to Pontus, at 
 
 fifty 
 
P A 
 
 fifty years of agej where he died after eight years 
 and Ibme months, and was buried at Tomos, 
 
 p. 
 
 P Acto'lus, a river in Lydia, with golden fands, 
 which appeared after king Midas had waftied off 
 his foolifh wifh. ^The water was faid to be good 
 for all kinds of diforders. Fl'tny^ Strabo. 
 
 PvENA, a name of Apollo, and a fong in his 
 praife. 
 
 Pal^'mon, the fon of Athamas and Ino. The 
 Grecians celebrated the Ifthmian games to his 
 honour. 
 
 Palame'des, the fon of Nauplius, king of Euboea* 
 He lived in the time of the Trojan war, and is 
 - faid to have invented four of the Greek letters* 
 Re difcovered the madnefs of UlyiTes to be coun- 
 terfeit, to prevent his being forced to the Trojan 
 war j for which he became his enemy, and by fub- 
 ornation procured his death. Horner^ 
 pALi^:MON, a Tea god, the fon of Athamas and Ino* 
 The fame with Melicertus. 
 
 Pales, the goddefs of hufbandry and cattle. 
 Pali'ci, two fon of Jupiter by Thalia, who, for 
 fear of Juno, defired the Earth to open and receive 
 them 5 which (he did, and at the end of ten months 
 fent them above ground. They were deified by the 
 Sicilians, who fwore by their names on all occa*- 
 fions. Ovid, Met am, 
 
 Pali'lia, feftivals in honour of the goddefs Pales, 
 to whom they facrificed with milk, mulled wine, 
 millet, and other grain. 
 
P A 
 
 FaIiKU'rus, the pilot of Eneas's fliip, who, falling 
 afleep at the helm, fell overboard, and dragged the 
 helm along with hirn, and, fwimming three whole 
 days, came to land at Velia, where the inhabi- 
 tants murdered him, and threw his body into the 
 fea 5 but they were punifhed with a terrible plague. 
 Virgil. 
 
 PaLLa'dium, a wooden image of Pallas, whofe 
 eyes feemed to move. The Trojans affirm that 
 it fell from heaven, into an uncovered temple, and 
 they were told by the Oracle that Troy could 
 not be taken while that image remained there. 
 Which being underftood byDiomedes andUIyfles, 
 they privately ftble into the temple, furprifed and 
 Hew the keepers, and carried the image away j 
 after which the deftru6lion of the city loon fol- 
 lowed. 
 
 Palla'ntus, kingof Tregenum. Thefeus killed 
 him, and ail his children, except a daughter called 
 Aricia. 
 
 Pallas, the daughter of Jupiter's brain, was born 
 at full ttature and in complete armour, and called 
 the goddefs of wifdom and arms. She was never 
 married, and was the inventer of the diftaff, as 
 well as the arts of fpinning and weaving. Homer ^ 
 Virgil. Onjid, 
 
 There was a young prince of that name, fon of Evan- 
 der, king of Italy, with whom ^neas entered into 
 alliance : he was killed in the army of this prince 
 in Italy. 
 
 Pan, the fon of Mercury, and the god of 
 fhepherds, hunters, and all other coifntry exer- 
 cifes. Happening to quarrel with Cupid, and 
 hght with him, that god out of fpite made him 
 fall in love with a coy nymph Syrinx, who 
 Hying from him to the banks of Ladon, a 
 river of Arcadia, (he was turned into a reed. 
 
 , Pan 
 
Fan made a pipe of it, and for his mufic was 
 adored by the Arcadians. He accompanied 
 Bacchus into the Indies, and was father of feveral 
 Satyrs. He was painted half man and half goat, 
 with a large pair of goat’s horns on his head } as 
 alfo the feet and tail of a goat, a motley Ikin, with 
 a crook in one hand, and 9 pipe in the other. He 
 is laid to ftrike armies with a panic fear, of which ' 
 we have an inftance in Brennus the Gaul, who > 
 being about to pillage the temple of Apollo at 
 Delphos, Pan by night ftruck a terror into his 
 army, upon which he quitted his defign. They 
 ufualiy offered to him milk and honey, in wooden 
 bowls. The Arcadians in particular paid him 
 divine honours. O^id. Virgil, 
 
 Fa^ndarus, a Trojan, who, at the inftigation of 
 Pallas, broke off the propofed agreement between 
 the Trojans and Greeks, by throwing a dart among 
 the Greeks. Homer. Virg'iL 
 
 Pando'ra, a woman made by Vulcan, at the corq- 
 mand of Jup’ter, upon whom every deity beftowed 
 a gift 5 as Juno, majefty; Venus, beauty j Pallas, 
 wifdom j Mercury, eloquence ; and fo forth. 
 Jupiier, exafperated againtt Prometheus, who had 
 fiolen fire from heaven to animate the firft man, 
 fent Pandora to the earth with a box, wherein all 
 evils and mifehiefs were fhut, who prefented it to 
 Prometheus, which being opened by him, they all 
 flew out, except Hope, and filled the world with 
 difeafes and calamities. 
 
 Pa'nope, a fea nymph, and daughter of Nereus and 
 Poris. V'vgxU Ouid^ 
 
 Panthf/on, a temple in Rome, built to the honour 
 of all the Gods. Pliny. 
 
 Pantho'ides, the Ton of Pantbeus, that is,Euphor^ 
 bus^ flaiu by Menelaus, Ovid* Horace. 
 
 R j Pafwqs, 
 
P A 
 
 Paphos, a city of Cyprus, famous for a temple of 
 Venus built there. 
 
 Parc^, the Fates or Deftinies, daughters of Ere- 
 bus and Nox, whofe names were Clotho, Lache- 
 fis, and Atropos ; whereof the firft holdeth the 
 diftaflr, the fecond draweth the thread of human 
 life, and the laft cutteth it off. 
 
 Paris, the fon of Priam, king of Troy, and Hecuba. 
 When his mother was with child of him, (he 
 dreamed fhe iliould bring forth a burning torch, 
 which was interpreted that he fhould caufe Troy 
 to be burnt ; upon which he was fent to a Shep- 
 herd in mount Ida, where he kept a flock, mar- 
 ried the nymph Oenone, and had children by her. 
 After this he decided the controverfy between 
 Juno, Pallas, and Venus, in favour of the laft j 
 Whereupon the two former became his enemies. 
 After this he was owned by his parents, and fent 
 on an embaflfy to Menelaus, king of Lacedaemon, 
 where he fell in love with his queerr Helen, and 
 by his inierefl: in Venus won her heart. Then 
 taking the opportunity of her hufband’s abfence, 
 he carried her to Troy 5 vv'hich occafioned the 
 war between the Greeks and Trojans, and the 
 burning of Troy, as had been foretold. Horner^ 
 Ovid, 
 
 Parna'ssus, a ,monntain ofPhocis, in which is the 
 Cadalian Jpring, and where formerly flood the 
 temple of Apollo. It hath two tops, Cyn ha and 
 Nifa, or, as others fay, Helicon and Cytheron ; 
 the two former were confecrated to Apollo, and 
 the two latter to Bacchus. It was the feat of the 
 Mufes. Lucan. 
 
 Parna's SIDES, a name of the Mufes, becaufe they 
 were faid to inhabit mount ParnalTus. 
 
 Parthe'nope, one of the Syrens who fell into, 
 defpair, becaufe /he could not charm Ulyfles 
 
 with 
 
P E 
 
 with her finging, and procure thefhipwreck of his 
 vefiels. Parthenope went into Italy, and the inha* 
 tants, afterwards finding her monument, built a ci- 
 ty in the place, and called it by her name; but 
 being too much frequented, and hurting Cumae, 
 they demolilhed it. However, foon after, when a 
 plague raged at Cumae, being admoniiTied by the 
 Oracle, they re-built it, and called it Neapolis, 
 which is now Naples. Stilus Italicus. 
 
 PasPphae, daughter of Sol, and wife of Minos. 
 Venus being difpleafed v/ith Sol, becaufe he was 
 the occafion of her being furprifed with Marsj file 
 ir.fpired his daughter with love for a bull, and fiie 
 brought into the world the Minotaur, half a man 
 and half a bull, whicii was kil'ed by Thefeus in 
 the famous Labyrinth which Dsedalus had made 
 for Minos. O^vid, Metam. 
 
 Patro'clus, the fon of Mentetlus and Sthenela, 
 was one of the Grecian princes who w'ent to the 
 fipge of Troy, and was the particular friend of 
 Achilles. During the quarrel between Achilles 
 and Agamemnon, Patroclus placed himfelf at the 
 head of his company, in the habit and armour of 
 Achilles, who' had determined to fight no more. 
 He ftruck a great terror among the Trojans, but 
 was killed by He6Ior in a Tingle combat, which 
 made Achilles rcfolve to refume his arms, to re- 
 venge the death of his friend. 
 
 Pe ace, an allegorical deity, daughter of Jupiter and 
 Themis. She is reprelented as attended by Plutus, 
 god of riches, with an olive branch in her hand, 
 and a half crown of laurel on her head. 
 
 Pe'gasus, a winged borfe, which proceeded from 
 the blood of Medufa, when Perfeus cut off the 
 Gorgon’s head. As foon as he appeared he 
 firuck the ground with his foot, upon which a 
 fountain arofe called Ilippocrene, He inhabited 
 
PE 
 
 the mounts ParnafTus, Helicon, and Pierus, and 
 
 f razed on the banks of Hippocrene, Cadalio, and 
 eriiieffus. Apollo and the Mufes made ufe of 
 him in travelling, and Perfeus mounted him to 
 go into ^gypt, to deliver Andromeda. Beliero- 
 phon ufed him to fight Chimaera. There was 
 iikewife another winged horfe, which Neptune 
 caufed to proceed out of the earth with a ftroke 
 of his trident. Many take thefe two horfes to be 
 the fame, but very improperly. 
 
 Pe'leus, the fon of ^acus, and father of Achil- 
 les, by the fea goddefs Thetis. 0'uid, 'Metam. 
 Pe^lias, the fon of Neptune and Tyro. He was 
 nourilhed by a mare, and became the mod cruel 
 of mankind. He did not content himfelf with 
 tifurping the dominions of A^fon ; but he fhut 
 him up, and gave him no nourifhment but the 
 blood of a bull.- He facridced his mother in -r 
 law to Juno, and caufed the wife and children 
 of ALfon to be afladinated j but Jafon was con- 
 cealed from his fury, and privately brought up. 
 Jafon afterwards came to Pelias and demanded 
 his dominions, which he durd not refufe ; but 
 Pelias engaged this young prince to go and 
 conquer the golden fleece, hoping he would 
 peridi in the attempt. However, Jafon returned 
 triumphantly with Medea, who, to punidi Pelias 
 for all his crimes, advifed his own daughters to 
 cut his throat, making them hope he would grow 
 young again. Thefe credulous women did as 
 they were advifed, and boiled his limbs in a 
 cauldron j but the event deceived their expc6lations, 
 Pindar, O^id, Plautus . lance which Pallas 
 pieicnted to Peleiis on the day of his marriage 
 wus called Pelias, and there was none could 
 make ufc of it but Achilles, Chiron had made 
 
it of the branch of an afli tree, which grew uj)o» 
 mount -Pelion. 
 
 Ft LION, a high mountain in Theffaly, which 
 the giants threw upon OlTa, to climb up to 
 heaven. 
 
 Pllope'a, the daughter of Thyefles. 0<vid. 
 
 Peloponke'sus, a very large peninfula of Achaia, 
 whofe capital city was Argos ; it has been the 
 fcene of the .moft glorious a^lions in the v.^orld, 
 and was fo called from Pelops, who poflelTed it. 
 
 Pp.LOPS, the fon of Tantalus. His father, having 
 upon a time entertained the gods at his palace, 
 fervcd up the members of Pelops, inftead of other 
 provifions. Ceres, being very hungry, eat one of his 
 /houlders j but Jupiter put all the limbs together 
 to reftore him to life, and made him an ivory 
 Ihoulder. Pelops married Hippodamia, after hav- 
 ing overcome OEnomaus, father of that princefs, 
 and gave his name to Peloponnefus, of which he 
 became mafter. Hejlod, Quid. Metam. 
 
 Pena'tes, the fame as Lares. 
 
 Pene'us, a river in ThelTaly, whofe banks were 
 ihaded on each fide with laurel. It runs between 
 Ofia and Olympus. 
 
 Pene'lope the daughter of Icarus, and wife of 
 Ulyfies, To deliver herfelf from the importunity 
 of her lovers, who folicited her during her huf- 
 band’s abfence at the fiege of Troy, file pro mi fed 
 to niarry him who was* able to fiioot in the bow of 
 tJlyfi'es ; but not one of them was able. They 
 ^fiUThowever urged their fuit, and (he promifed to 
 mak.e choT^ of one, after file had finifhed the 
 webs file was at“work upon ; but file undid in the 
 jiight w'hat had been wove by day, and am u fed 
 them with, fuch fort of artifices till the return 
 of her hulband, who then flew them all. Homer. 
 Qvid. 
 
 Pen- 
 
P E 
 
 Pf.nthesile'a, an Amazonian queen, flain by 
 x^chilles. l^irgiL 
 
 Pe'ntheus, a king of part of Greece. He was 
 a great defpifer of the gods, and, inftead of going 
 to meet Bacchus, viho pafTed through his domi- 
 nions, he ordered him to be brought bound before 
 him. Bacchus had tatei the form of Acetus, one 
 of his pilots, and when he was in prifon he depart- 
 ed from thence unfeen. He infpired the royal 
 family with fuch madnefs, that they tore Pentheus 
 in pieces. 
 
 Perdrix, the nephew of Daedalus, thrown from 
 the top of a tower by his uncle, and was faid to 
 be changed into a partridge. Quid, Metam* 
 
 Pk'RGAMus, the name of the fort of Troy, but 
 generally taken for the whole city. 
 
 Pergus, a lake of Sicily, near the city Enna, 
 whence Pluto forcibly carried away Proferpine, 
 Quid. Met am, 
 
 Peribe'a, wife of Telamon. Alcathous, father of 
 this princefs, perceiving Telamon was great with 
 her before marriage, ordered one of his guards 
 to throw her into the fea 5 upon, which Telamon 
 fled. The guard, moved with companion, inftead 
 of drowning, fold her. She was condu6led to 
 Salamis, where (he met with Telamon, and 
 was brought to bed of Ajax. Some pretend 
 (he was bought by Thefeus, who, being influ- 
 enced by her tears, returned her back to 
 Telamon. 
 
 Pericly'menes, the fon of Neleus, and brother 
 of Neftor. Neptune gave him the power of 
 transforming himfelf into any fliape-5 when 
 Hercules made war againft his father, he changed 
 himfelf into an eagle, and was fliot by him. 
 
 Peri'llus, an artift who made a brazen bull, 
 into which men were put when it was heated 
 
 red 
 
P E 
 
 red hot, whofe groans founded like the roaring of 
 ahull. He made aprefentofit toPhalaris, who 
 aflced him if he had tried it j he replied, No. Then 
 it is but reafonable, faid the tyrant, that you fhould 
 firft prove your own work, apd fo ordered him to 
 be fhut therein. Quid, Horace. 
 
 Peri'male, the daughter of Hippodames, who was 
 thrown into the fea, and changed into an ifland of 
 the tame name. Ovid. Met am. 
 
 Pe'riphas, king of Athens. He was fo beloved by 
 the people, that they worthipped him in the fame 
 manner as Jupiter, which irritated that god fo much 
 that he would have killed him with a thunderbolt j 
 but Apollo interceded for him, and he was meta- 
 morphofed into an eagle, 
 
 PePvIPHe'tus, a giant of Epidaurus, who affaflinat^ 
 pahengers, and fed upon their fietli, Thefeus 
 fought and killed him, and fcattered his bones in 
 the fields. 
 
 PerPstera. Cupid one day laid a wager with 
 Venus, that he would gather more flowers in one 
 hour than fhe j upon which this nymph appeared 
 on a .^uaden, and affifted Venus, which proved 
 her deftri\^ion, for Cupid changed her into a 
 dove. 
 
 Perme'ssus, a river, whofe fource is at the foot of 
 mount Helicon, confecrated to the Mufes and 
 Apollo. 
 
 Perse'polis, once a royal city of Perfia, burnt by 
 Alexander the Great, to pleafe the courtezan 
 7"hais. 
 
 Pe'rseus, the fon of Jupiter andDanae. Acrifius, 
 father of Danae, being told by the Oracle that 
 he fhould fall by the hand of his grandfon, 
 fliut up his only daughter Danae in a brazen 
 tower, defigning never to marry her 5 but Jupiter 
 defcended in a golden fhower, and flie became with 
 
 child. 
 
P H 
 
 child, which Acrlfius perceiving, caufed her to j 
 be thrown into the fea. However, the got fafe to, 
 Jand, and was received by Polyde6les, who took 
 care of her and her child named Perfeus. When 
 he was grown up, he obtained the buckler of 
 Minerva, a falchion of Mercury, with wings for 
 his feet. With the alBftance of thefe he performed 
 feveral glorious a6Honsj the moft famous of 
 which were the cutting off the head of Medufa, 
 and the delivering Andromeda from the fea-mon- 
 fter to which flie had been expofed. He (hewed 
 him the head of Medufa, and turned him into a 
 rock. As he was returning home, Acrihus endea- 
 voured to oppofe his pafiage, and was (lain by 
 him ; though others fay, the accident happened 
 at the game of quoits, in which he killed him by 
 Ohance. Afterwards, coming to know that this ^ 
 Acrifius was his grandfather, he bani(hed himfelf, . 
 and was placed amongft the conftellations after his 
 death. 
 
 Ph.$drA, the daughter of Minos, king of Crete, 
 by Pafiphae j (he fell in love with Hippolytus, her 
 fon* in-law, who rejefted her, which proved fatal' 
 to him. O^id, 
 
 Pha'eton, the fon of Phoebus and Clymene ; as 
 he was playing one day with Epaphus, they fell 
 out, and Epaphus reproached him for not knowing 
 his father, faying he w'as not the fon of Phoebus. 
 Phaeton, angry at this, complained to his mother . 
 Clymene, who advifed him to go to his father to 
 know the truth. He entered the palace of the 
 Sun, and found him fitting on a throne, glitter- , 
 ing with gold and diamonds. When Apollo faw 
 him, he laid afide his rays, and fwore by Sty>; 
 he would grant him whatever he defired, as a 
 proof of his paternal fondnefs. The rafli youth 
 defired to condu<5l the chariot of the Sun only for 
 
P H 
 
 a day, and Apollo in vain endeavoured to make 
 him defift from this enterprife ; and he was obliged 
 to truft him with the chariot, after giving him all 
 proper inllru 6 Hons. As foon as he was above the 
 horizon, the horfes, not minding the hand of this 
 new charioteer, ran away with him, and fet the 
 world on fire. Jupiter, to prevent a total confla- 
 gration, ftruck him with a thunderbolt, and caft 
 him headlong into the fea, at the mouth of the 
 river Eridanus, now called Po, where Phaeton was 
 drowned. His fitters, and Cygnus his friend, wept 
 fo much for his lofs, that they were changed into 
 poplar- trees, and their tears into amber, and Cyg- 
 TiUsintoa fwan. This misfortune caufed fuch a 
 diforder in the heavens, that they were oae whole 
 day without the fun. 0^'id, Met am. 
 
 Phaethu'sa, the daughter of Phoebus and Neaera, 
 the eldeft of Phaeton’s three fitters. O^vid. NJetam. 
 
 Ph a'loe, a nymph and daughter of the river Lyris, 
 who was promifed to him that Ihould deliver her 
 from a winged montter. A young man named 
 Eiaathus offered to kill him, and fucceeded 5 but 
 he died before his marriage. Phaloe wept ib ex- 
 tremely, that the gods, moved with her grief, 
 changed her into a fountain, whofe waters mix 
 with thofe of the river her father. 
 
 Phaon, a handfome young man of Lefbos, with 
 whom all the young women of Mitylene fell in 
 love, efpecially the poetefs Sappho. 
 
 Phasis, a prince of Colchos, whom Thetis could 
 not prevail upon to return her affection, and there- 
 fore changed him into a river. 
 
 Phile'mon, a poor countryman who entertained Ju- 
 piter. O^id, 
 
 PhilOcte'tes, a fon of the god Pan, and compa- 
 nion of Hercules. When Hercules was a dying, he 
 ordered his bow and arrows to be put into hia 
 S tomb^ 
 
P H 
 
 tomb, and matje him fwear he would nevoi- 
 cover the place of his burial , T the W tJ^: 
 
 the^Hydra"* The^"c°"‘l:’ 
 racle7ttt theySuW 
 
 - the arrows of l/ercules/pY^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 wh^re they were f 
 
 punidud w^.h adangtus;vo«”Tt7?fieS: Tnl 
 
 ta"ke^ 7''’r' 7 *'°'" Troy could notT 
 UlX’- / 77^"^ '’'d hinifeif, but 
 
 Progne. ravi^.ed hVcut o77ert""t,td 
 
 wiff. I however, wrought the whole ftorv 
 
 w.th her needle, and Pent it to her lifter • wL 7 
 
 b^nd hc7v7° him^^frhW^i^^^^^^ 
 
 was changed mto a fwallow, he into a laow^!7 
 
 ' "'s"- 
 
 ‘7 ^,^“Shter of Oceanus, and mother 
 
 Tn? wTn7eredtpo7th^roun! 
 
 Phi'neas, 
 
P H 
 
 Phi'neas, king of Papblagonia, fon of Agenor, 
 hufband of Cleopatra, daughter of Boreas, by 
 whom he had two Tons. Having divorced her, he 
 married another wife, with whom his two for- 
 mer fons were accufed of having committed in- 
 ceft, and were condemned to die. But Boreas 
 revenged the innocence of his grandfons, by put- 
 ting out the eyes of Phineas, who however ob- 
 tained the gift of foretelling things to come. He 
 received Oeneiis into his dominions, and Juno, 
 by the afTidance of Neptune, fent the Harpies, 
 which with their filth fpoiied all the victuals upon 
 the table, and continued doing fo till Zetes and 
 Calais came and drove away thefe monfters, 
 VirgzL 
 
 There was another Phineas, king of Thrace, whom 
 Perfeus changed into a Hone, with all his compa- 
 nions, by iliewing them Medufa’s head, becaufe 
 this king intended to marry Andromeda, promifed 
 to Perfeus, O^id, Met am. 
 
 Phle'gethon, a river of hell, whofe water is al- 
 ways faid to be boiling hot. 
 
 Phlegon, the name of one of the four hoiTes of the 
 fun. 
 
 Phle'gyas, the fon of Mars, king of the Lapithae, 
 and father of Jafon and Coronis. This nymph 
 being ravifiied by Apollo, Phlegyas fet his temple 
 on fire j whereupon he was fliot dead with an 
 arrow', and thrown into hell, where he was to 
 fit for ever, under a great ftone, or rock, hang- 
 ing over his head, and -feeming ready to fall* 
 Virgil. 
 
 Phle'gy/e, a people of Boeotia, whom Niptune de- 
 ployed for their piracies and other crimes, 0=vid. 
 Met am. 
 
 'Phocis, a fmall country of Greece, famous for the 
 
 ^ Oracle at Delphos, and Mount Parnafl’us, which 
 
 V ftands therein. O^id. 
 
 S % Phocus, 
 
P H 
 
 PHOcus,the Ton of^acus. O^id, Metam. 
 
 Phoebe, the fifter of Phoebus, and a name of the 
 moon. 
 
 Phoebes, the prieftefs of Apollo, who uttered his 
 oracles. Lucan, 
 
 Phoebus, a name of Apollo. Omd* Metantm 
 
 Phoeni'ce, a country of Afia. 
 
 Phoenix, the fon of A^enor, and brother of Cad- 
 mus. As alfo the fon of Amyntor, and compa- 
 nion of Achilles. 
 
 Pholus, the fon of Ixion and a cloud, and one of 
 the principal Centaurs. VirgiL 
 
 Phorbas, the eldeft fon of king Priam. As alfo 
 a Theflalian, fon of Lapitha, and a great robber. 
 He challenged the gods to fight, and was flain by 
 Apollo. 
 
 Phorcus, or Phorcys, fon of Neptune by the 
 Nymph Thefea. He had by his fifter Ceto the 
 Phorcydes and Gorgons. He was vanquifhed by 
 Atlas, who threw him into the fea, where he be- 
 came a fea- god. 
 
 Ph o R o'n I s , the grand-daughter of Phoroneus 
 Metam, 
 
 Pho'sphorus, the morning ftar. Martial* 
 
 Phryne, a beautiful courtefan of Athens, who grew 
 fo rich by her trade, that fhe rebuilt Thebes. Pro- 
 ' periiui. 
 
 pHRYXUS, the fon of Athamas, and brother of 
 Helle. While he was with his fifter at the houfe 
 of Creteus, their uncle, king of Colchos, Demodi- 
 cea, a wife of Creteus, folicited the love of Phryx- 
 us ; but being refufed, fhe accufed him of attempt- 
 ing to ravifh her. When a plague was laying wafte 
 the country, the Oracle, being confulted, told them 
 that the way to appeafe the gods was by offering 
 the two laft perfons of the royal family, which , 
 
 were 
 
p I 
 
 were Phryxus and Helle ; whereupon they were 
 condemned to be faci ificed, and the fame moment 
 that they were going to put the fentence in execu- 
 tion, they were fiii rounded by a cloud, out of which 
 came a ram, which carried them both into the air, 
 and took them away to Colchos. As they crofl'ed 
 the fea, Helle, terrified with the noife of the waves, 
 fell down and was drowned, in the place fince call- 
 ed the Hellcfpont. Phryxus, arriving at Colchos, 
 facrificed the ram to Jupiter, and took olf the fleece, 
 which was of gold, hanging it upon a tree in a 
 forefl confecrated to Mars, and appointed a dragon 
 for a guard, which devoured all thofe who at- 
 tempted to carry it away. Mars was fo pleafed 
 with bis offering, that he^ decreed that thofe who 
 pofTefied this fleece fbould live in afiiuence fo long 
 as they preferved it, and neverthelefs it was per- 
 mitted any peifon to attempt to carry it off. This 
 is the famous golden fleece which was flolen by 
 Jafon and the Argonauts, with the afliftance of 
 Medea. It is faiJ that this ram became the flrft fign 
 of the Zodiac. Ou\d. Firgil. 
 
 PHRy'GfA, a country of the Lefler Afia. Claudiattm 
 Phyllis, daughter of Lycurgus, king of Thrace, 
 JDemophoon, Ton of Thefeus, having promifed to 
 marry her at his return to Crete, (he was fo uneafy 
 at his delay, that (he hanged herfelf, and was 
 changed into an almond- tree. Ovid* 
 
 Pi cu'mnus and Pilu'mnus, two brother gods, who 
 prefided over conjugal auguries. The former 
 found out the art of ra inuring land, and the fe- 
 cond of reducing corn into flour. VirgiL 
 Picus, the (bn of Saturn, and grandfather of Lati- 
 uus, a king of Italy, faid to have been changed in- 
 to a wood-pecker by the charms of Circe. VirgiL 
 O^vid, 
 
 PlE'R ides, the daughters of Pierus, metamorphof- 
 . ed iiito ma^ies, for vying with the Mufes. As 
 
p I 
 
 alfo the nine Mufes, the dauglrters of Jupiter and 
 Mnemofyne. 
 
 Pi ERUS, a mountain of ThelTaly confecrated to the 
 Mufes 5 as alfo a Macedonian, whofe nine daugh- 
 tei s^contende J with the Mufes. Likewife the fa- 
 ther of Linus, a famous poet, who gave his name 
 to the mountain. 
 
 PiHTY, or filial afFe5lion, had a chapel dedicated to 
 her at Rome. 
 
 Pjlu'mnus, the fon of Jupiter, and king of Apulia. 
 He married Danae, after fhe was taken up by Po- 
 lyde^fes in his own dominions, where the fea had 
 brought her. He was the god of conjugal au- 
 guries, of pregnancy, and of the education of 
 children. There were innumerable other inferior 
 deities faid to prefide over pregnant women^ from 
 the birth to their riper years. 
 
 Pimpl^'a, a name of the Mufes, and a fountafa 
 facred to the Mufcs. Hi^ace. Staitus. 
 
 Pi'ndar, a Gieek poet of a fuhlime genius, who 
 wrote excellent odes, which none have been able 
 to imitate properly, 
 
 PiNDus, a mountain of ThefTaly, confecrated to the 
 Mufes. 
 
 PlRENE, a fountain in Acrocorinthus, facred to the 
 Mufes. yerf.u\ 
 
 Firi'thous, fan of Ixion. II iving heard a great 
 many wonders concerning Thefeus, he drove" ay 
 way part of his Hock, to oblige him to piirfue him* 
 whica Thefeus did. They came to blows, upon 
 which they conceived fuch an efteem for each 
 other, that they fwore never to part. -Thefeus 
 alliied Pirithous againft the Centaurs who were 
 going to carry off Hippodamia, and Pirithous af- 
 fixed Thefeus in the rape of Helen. He went 
 down into the infernal regions to brirng away Pro- 
 ferpine, but was devoured by the dog Cerberus 5 
 
and Thefeus, following to afTift him, was put in 
 chains by order of Pluto, till Hercules came to 
 deliver him. O^id, Horace, Claudtan. 
 
 PjSA, a diftri6i of Elis, in Peloponnefus, where the 
 city Olympia was feated, as \yell as the river Al- 
 pheus, two places famous for the celebration of 
 the Olympic games, and for the temple of Jupiter 
 Olympius. Virgil, 
 
 Pi s TOR, a name of Jupiter. Ouid. 
 
 Pjthecu'sa, an iflandin the Tyrrhene fea. 
 
 Pjtho, the goddefs of eloquence. 
 
 Pitthe'us, the brother of Troezan, the fon of Pe- 
 Jops, laid to be the wifeft of mankind, tlutardu 
 He was father of Pittheis. 
 
 PlePades, the daughters of Pleione and Atlas, 
 who were metamoi phofed into the feven ftars. 
 O'vid. Met am, 
 
 Fle'ione, the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, the 
 wife cf Atlas, and mo. her of the Pleiades. 0-vid» 
 Me tarn, 
 
 Pluto, the god of hell, fon of Saturn and Rhea, 
 and biother of Jupiter and Neptune. When Jupi- 
 ter had dethroned Saturn, he gave hell to Pluto 
 for his (hare of his father’s dominions. This god 
 was fo black, and fo ugly, that no woman would 
 marry him, which determined him to carry off 
 Proferpine, when (he was going to draw water 
 from the fountain of Arethufa, in Sicily. He is 
 painted on a chariot, drawn by four black horfes, 
 with keys in his hand, and fometimes with a feeptre 
 or wand. Plato. Quid. 
 
 Flutus, the god of riches, fervant of Pluto, and 
 fon of Ceres and Jafon. Theocritus and Arifto- 
 phanes reprefent him as blind. He was faid to 
 walk lame when 'he vifited mankind, but when 
 he left them he took wings and flew away. He 
 
 diilribiited 
 
P o 
 
 diftrlbuled riches out of caprlcioufiiefs, and not 
 according to reafon. 
 
 Po, a river of Italy, otherwife called Eridanus. 
 
 Podali'rius, fon of ^fculapius, who with his 
 brother Machaon, both fkilful phyficians, were 
 fent for out of Crete to Troy, In a raging pefti* 
 fence. Ovid. 
 
 POENI, a people of Africa, near Carthage. VirgiL 
 
 Pollux, the fon of Jupiter and Leda, and twin- 
 brother of Caftor. Pollux is famous for boxing, 
 as is his brother for horfemanfliip. They were both 
 taken up into heaven and became ftars. 
 
 Polybius, a king of Corinth, who, confulting the 
 Oracle, was told that his two daughters fhould be 
 carried away by a lion and a boar. In the fequel, 
 Polynices, who was covered with thefkin of a lion, 
 came and requefted affiftance againft Etheocles, 
 his brother. Likewife Tydeus, cloathed in the 
 fkin of a boar, came to Polybius for refuge, after 
 he had flain his brother Menalfppus. Polybius 
 gave bis two daughters in marriage to thefe prin- 
 ces, v/hofe garments made him call the Oracle to 
 mind. He demanded why they were dreft in this 
 manner, and one anfwered that he defcended from 
 Hercules, a lion killer, and the other from OEne- 
 ns, who flew the famous wild boar of Calydon. 
 Euripides, 
 
 Poly'davias, the fon of Panthous, fon'in law of 
 Priam. Ovid, Perjius, 
 
 Pol VDB f'CTES, a king of the ifland Seriphus, who 
 educated Perfeus ; and, under the pretence of giv- 
 ing him an opportunity to feek honour, fent him 
 againlt the Gorgon Medufa, that he might with 
 more freedom enjoy the companv of Danae, Per- 
 feps’s mother, whom he loved. Perfeus, returning 
 with the Gorgon’s head, changed Folydecles there- 
 with into ttone, Ovid, 
 
 POLYDO'RUS, 
 
PO 
 
 Polydo'rus, the fon of Priam and Hecuba, was 
 fent to Polymneftor, king of Thrace, who maffa- 
 cred him after the fiege of Troy, for the fake of 
 his riches. Virgil, 
 
 Polyhy mnia, one of the nine Mufes, who pre- 
 fided over Rhetoric. She is reprefented in white 
 robes, with a crown of pearls on her head, and a 
 fceptre in her left hand, the right being llretched 
 out as if Hie was going to harangue. 
 
 Polymne'stor, king of Thrace, a very covetous 
 and cruel prince ; Hecuba put out his eyes for 
 having killed Polydorus. 
 
 Polyphe'mus, the fon of Neptune. He was a 
 Cyclops of an enormous fize, with only one eye 
 in the middle of his forehead, who lived upon hu- 
 man flefh. Ulyfles being fhipwrecked on the 
 ifland of the Cyclops, Polyphemus fhut him and 
 his companions, with his own flocks, in a cave, 
 intending to devour them j but UlylTes made him 
 drink fo much while he was telling the ftory of the 
 fiege of Troy, that he was quite intoxicated j then, 
 with the afTiftance of his companions, he put out 
 his eye with a flake. The Cyclops, feeling the 
 fmart, made fuch a terrible outcry, that all his 
 neighbours ran to know what was the matter 5 
 and when they demanded who had done this 
 cruel deed, he anfwered Nobody, for UlyfTes had 
 told him that that was his name 5 upon which 
 they returned back, thinking he had loft his fenfes. 
 
 In the mean time, Ulylfes ordered his companions 
 to fallen themfelves to the fheep, belly to belly, ■ 
 
 that the giant might not perceive them when he > 
 turned the fheep out to graze. What he forefaw || 
 came to pafs j for Polyphemus took aftone, which S 
 one hundred men could not ftir, and flopped up the 1 
 mouth of the cave therewith, in fuch a manner, jg.j 
 that the fheep could not go out but between his ij'' 
 
PR 
 
 legs. Afterwards, when he iinderftood that Ulyffes 
 and his companions had efcaped, he pnrfiied them, 
 and threvv an enormous roclc after them 5 but they 
 avoided the blow, and embarked in the remainder 
 of their veiTels, having loft three or four of their 
 companions whom the giant had eaten. Polyphe- 
 mus v/as in love with Galataea, and cruQied Acis 
 ^ to death, becaiile he was preferred by that nymph. 
 Ho?,rer. O vid, 
 
 PoLY^XENA, a daughter of Priam, betrothed to 
 Achilles, who, coming into the temple of Apollo 
 to perform the nuptial rites, "was there treacher- 
 oufly ftain by Paris. After the facking of Troy, 
 the ghoft of Achilles appeared, and demanded his 
 fpoufe, who thereupon was facrificed at his tomb* 
 Onjld* Meiam* 
 
 Poly'xo, a woman of Lemnos, and prleftefs of 
 Apollo, who advifed che Lemnian women to kill 
 all the men, becaufe they had brought wives out 
 of Thcace ; which advice was cruelly put in exe- 
 cution, only Hypftpyle fpared her father Thoas. 
 Statius. 
 
 Po mo'na, the goddefs of gardens and fruit-trees, 
 whom Vertumnus fell in love with and ravilhed, 
 
 Pont us, the Euxine fea. As alfo a country of the 
 Ltfler Afia. 
 
 Porphy'rion, one of the giants who made war 
 a gain ft the gods. Horace. 
 
 PR^STES, a name of Minerva ; as alfo of Jupiter. 
 
 Prje'stites, the public Lares were fo called, who 
 are keepers of the city. 
 
 Priam, king of Troy, and fon of Laomedon. He 
 was cafried into Greece, with his fifter Hefione^ 
 when 'Hercules had conquered the kingdom of 
 Troy. He afterwards ranfomed himfeif, and re- 
 built the walls of that city. He married Hecuba, 
 fey whom he had a great many children, and he 
 
 brought 
 
P R 
 
 brought this kingdom into a ^'Cry flourithing con- 
 dition. Paris, one of his children, having carried 
 off Helen, the Greeks facked Troy, after a ten 
 years fiege. Pyrrhus flew Priam at the foot of an 
 altar which he had laid hold of. This unhappy 
 father, with all his family, came to deflru6fion, 
 for not following good advice. Homer, l irgil. 
 Pria'pus, god of the gardens, and Ton orBacchus 
 and Venus; he came into the world very deform- 
 ed, by the enchantments of Juno, to be revenged 
 of Venus whom flie mortally hated. The bulbands, 
 not liking his condua with regard to their wives, 
 drove him away^ and he, to be revenged, render- 
 ed them mad and extravagant in their pleafuies. 
 The flatue of him placed in the gardens was very 
 obfeene. He was likewife keeper of the lakes. He 
 is always painted with a rough beard and un- 
 combed hair, holding a fickle in his hand. 
 ^roeTides, the daughters of Preetus, who, prefer- 
 ring tbemfelves to Juno, went mad, and imagined 
 themfelves to be cows, but were at length cured 
 i by Melampus. VlrgxU Ouxd, 
 
 ProeTus, fon of Abas, king of Argos. He com- 
 ! manded Bellerophon to fight Chnnaera, becaufe 
 his wife Stenobe had accufed this young prjnce 
 of attempting her honour. He was almoit always 
 at war with his brother Acriflus, and was at length 
 I turned into a flone by the Gorgan’s head. O^id* 
 Met am, 
 
 pROGNE, the daughter of Pandion, king of Athens, 
 wife of Tereus, king of Thrace, and flfler of 
 
 Philomela. She was turned into a Iv/allow. O^id, 
 
 ] Met am, 
 
 ?ROME'THEUS,the fon of Japetus, one of the Titans. 
 
 ' and the nymph Afla. He is faid to be the firftwho 
 
 I formed mankind out of clay and water: by the help 
 
 of Pallas heafeended into heaven, and flole thecelef- 
 ■ , tial 
 
P R 
 
 tial fire, to give them life. Jupiter, greatly difpleaf. 
 ed at the theft, commanded Vulcan to chain him 
 on the top of Mount Caucafus, where a vulture 
 devoured his liver as faft as it grewj which ptmifh- 
 ment continued till Hercules fet him free. Hefiod. 
 Ju'venaL Ovid. 
 
 Prop.^'tides, women of Amathus, who having 
 defpifed Venus, file made them become common 
 proftitutes, and at length turned them into ftone. 
 
 pRO'sERPiNE, the daughter of Jupiter and Ceres, 
 who was ftolen by Pluto out of Sicily, and carried 
 to his fubterranean dominions. Her mother, miff* 
 ing her, lighted a fire on the top of Mount ^tna, 
 which has burnt ever fince, in order to difcover 
 her. At length hearing where /he was, file petU 
 tioned Jupiter for her return, for at leaft fix 
 months in the year. This was agreed to, pro- 
 vided fiie had tafted nothing there. But one Afca- 
 laphus faying file had eaten part of a pomegranate, 
 her return' was prevented} fonie fay (he was fo 
 fond of Pluto, file would not leave him. 
 
 Protesila'us, fon of Iphiclus, king of part of E<* 
 pirus. He married Laodamia, by whom he was 
 fo paffionately loved, that file made his ftatue in 
 wax after his death, which fire laid by her fide 
 every night. He was fiain by He6for at the fiege 
 of Troy, as was foretold by the Oracle. Ovid* 
 Met am, 
 
 Pro'teus, the fon of Oceanus and Tethys, or, ac- 
 ding to others, of Neptune and Phcenice. He was 
 one of the gods of the fea, could foretel future 
 events, and change himfelf into any fiiape. He ap- 
 peared like a- ghoft before Tmolus and Tele- 
 gonus his children, giants of unparalleled cruelty, 
 and terrified them fo much that they left off their 
 barbarity. Virgil, Ovid, 
 
 Protoge'nius, fon of Deucalion and Pyrrha, or, 
 as others fay, of the filler of Pandora. They 
 
P Y 
 
 fay that Jupiter had Ethlicus by her, whom he 
 placed in heaven as* a demi-god, but not paying 
 due refpe6l to Juno, he was thrown down into the 
 infernal regions. 
 
 Prudence, an allegorical deity, reprefented with a 
 mirror in her hand, encircled with a ferpent. 
 
 PsTYCHE, a young princefs who had two lillers, and 
 was fo handfome that Cupid fell in love with her. 
 She was tranl'ported by Zephyrus into a kind of 
 paradife, where ftie lived with hjin a long time, 
 without knowing him. At length he told her 
 who he was, and then difappeared. Venus, dif- 
 pleafed at her being great with her fon, perfecuted 
 her fo much, that at length (he died j but Jupiter 
 brought her back to life, and made her immortal, 
 out of regard to Cupid. The ancients looked 
 upon her as the goddefs of pleafure. 
 
 PuDiCi^TiA, or chaftity, had a temple at Rome, 
 ert6led by Virginia. She is reprefented under the 
 figure of a woman veil’d, pointing to her face, to 
 imply that fhe had no reafon to be afhamed. 
 
 PvgmaTion, fon of Belus, king of Tyre, who out 
 of covetoufnefs murdered Sichaeus, his lifter 
 Dido’s hufband, to poffefs his riches j which fhe 
 difcovering made reprifals, and fled privately to 
 Africa, where fhe built the city of Carthage. 
 He was poifoned by Aftroba, his wife, who at- 
 tempted to drown his fon Baleafar ; but he made 
 his efcape in a boat, and pafled into Syria, 
 where he became a fhepherd to gain his bread. 
 Narbal, one of the principal officers of the court, 
 who had diCcovered his mother’s defign, fent for 
 him back, and a gold ring was given him as a 
 token agreed on between them ; and fo this prince 
 afcended the throne after the death of his enemies. 
 There was another Pygmalion, who fell in love 
 T with 
 
 r 
 
P Y 
 
 with the ftatue of Venus, of his own making, and i 
 married it. He then petitioned Venus to animate 
 the ftatue, which file did, and he had Paphos by 
 her. 0-jtd, 
 
 PvGMi-ES, a people of Thrace, who were but three 
 inches high, and lived eight years. Their wives 
 brought forth three children at a time, and hid 
 them in holes for fear that the cranes, with which 
 they were always at war, fhould carry them away. 
 They were fo daring as to attack Hercules, after 
 he had killed their king Antaeus. One day, finding 
 him afleep in the highway, they came out of their 
 holes, cn-d covered his body all overjike fo many 
 ants, till at length he awoke, enclofed them in his 
 lion’s fkin, and carried them to Enryfiheus. 
 
 Py'LADES, the faithful friend of Oiefies, who nevei 
 deferted him in his misfortunes. 
 
 Pylos, the name of three cities in Peloponnefus. 
 
 Pyra^cmon, a Cyclops, who forged the thunder- 
 bolts of Jupiter. 
 
 Py'r AMUS, a ThelTalian prince, in love with Thifbe, 
 Thele lovers having promifed to meet each other 
 under a miiibeny tree, file in the road met with a 
 lionefs, and, dropping her veil, for fear fled into a 
 cave. Pyramus, coming foon after, and finding her 
 veil bloody, imagined file was torn in pieces by a 
 wild beafi, and therefore flew himielf. She, fup- 
 pofing the lion was gone, proceeded to the ap- 
 pointed place, and, finding him dead, flew herfelf 
 with the fame fword. The mulberries of the tree . 
 under which this tragedy was a6led became purple, 
 which were white before Ovid, 
 
 JPyRfeN^'us, a king of Thrace, who having impri- f 
 foned the Mufes, who vifited him on the read 
 home, with a defign to force them, they made 
 themfelves wings and flew away. Pyrenasus, with 
 a defign to follow them, mounted a high tower, 
 
 and 
 
P Y 
 
 ami threw himfelf into air with a defign to fly ; 
 be fell down and was kllle<i upon the moiir.tair.s 
 which fepaiaie France iVoin Spain, to which he 
 gave his name. Others lay, they were To called 
 from Bebi yx, who, having iolt her virginity, wan- 
 dered in thefe mountains, and was there buried. 
 
 Pyrrha, the wife of Deucalion, n.vhichfte. 
 
 Pyrrhus, the Ton of Achilles and Deidamia. This 
 prince was diftingulfhed at the fiege of Trey for 
 his cruelty. He facrificed Polyxena on the tomb 
 of Achilles, maflacred Priam at the foot of an 
 altar, and carried away Andromache with Ally- 
 anax into Epirus. Some fay he threw Artyanax 
 from the top of a tower, and, arriving 5n Epiius, 
 married Andromache. Hermione, his wife, exceed- 
 ingly jealous, communicated her uneafineTs to 
 Oreftes, of whom Ihe was beloved, and promifed 
 to marry him, if he would afladinate Pyrrhus. 
 Orelfes llew Pyrrhus in a temple, while they were 
 performing certain ceremonies. Euripioes. Ovid, 
 
 PyVhia, the prieftefs of Apollo, who uttered his 
 Oracles j as alfo games inftituted to the honour of 
 Apollo. 
 
 Pytho, a city of Delphos, fo called from the Ora- 
 cle of Apollo therein. 
 
 Python, a ferpent of a prodigious fize, engendered 
 by the mud, after the deluge of Deucalion. It 
 was fent by Juno againft Latona, one of the con- 
 cubines of Jupiter. Latona, to Ihun the ferpent, 
 threw herfeif into the fea, and Neptune canfed the 
 ille of Dtlos to appear for a retreat to this fugi- 
 tive. Apollo afterwards killed this ferpent with 
 an arrow, in memory of which the Pythian games 
 were inRituted. He covered a tripod with the (kin 
 of this animal, upon which the piIeRs and pritft- 
 fat to utter his Oracles. 0<vid, 
 
 T a 
 
 Pytho- 
 
R H 
 
 Pythoni'ssa, a prieftefs of Apollo, who uttered 
 his Oracles at Delphos. She fat upon a tripod 
 covered with the fkin of the ferpent Python. 
 When file was about to foretel things totcome, 
 (he entered into a fort of fury, with frightful agi- 
 tations, and, when /he had a mind, called up the 
 manes of the dead. 
 
 O Uerquetulares, nymphs who prefided over 
 the falling of oaks. They were fo called from 
 ^ercuj, an oak. 
 
 Q^ieta'lis, a name of Pluto. 
 
 Quiri'nus, a name given to Romulus after his 
 confecration. 
 
 Quirina'lia, the Roman feftivals, celebrated in 
 honour of Romulus. 
 
 Quiris, and Quirites, was formerly the name of 
 the Sabines, but was afterwards ufed to fignify the 
 Roman people. Per/ius. 
 
 R Emus, the brother of Romulus, (lain by him in 
 a fedition between them ; but the common re- 
 port was, that he ridiculed his brother’s wall by 
 leaping over it, and was (lain upon that account. 
 Rh AD ama'nthus, king of Lycia, and fon of 
 Jupiter and Europa. He was a famous law-giver 
 of Crete, renowned for his impartial juftice. The 
 poets have made him one of the three judges of 
 
 R 
 
 hell 
 
 Rham- 
 
R O 
 
 Rhamnu'sia, a name of Nemefi^. 
 
 Rhea Sylvia, the mother of Romulus and Remiis^ 
 
 Rhesus, a king of Thrace, who, going to the af- 
 fjftanceof Troy, was (lain by Diomedes in his tent 
 the firit night, (bon after which Troy was taken, 
 becaufe its (ate was united to that of this prince. 
 
 Rhete'nor, oneof Diomedes’s companions, chang- 
 ed into a heron by Venus. O^id, 
 
 Rhi'pheus, one of the Centaurs. 
 
 Rho'dope, a high mountain in Thrace, always 
 covered with (how. Virgit, Horace, 
 
 Rhodes, a famous iflandin the Mediterranean, re- 
 markable for a colofTus 70 feet high ; it was the 
 (latue of Apollo, and accounted one of the won- 
 ders of the world. 
 
 Rhoetus, one of the Centaurs, who taught the 
 Lapithae. As alfo a king of the Marrubians> in 
 Italy. 
 
 Romulus, the fon of Mars and Rhea Sylvia, queen 
 of Alba, and twin-brother of Remus. Theie 
 princes were (uckled by a wolf, and when they 
 were grown up Romulus (lew his brother, and 
 polTelTed himl'elf of all the country round Mount 
 Aventirie, where he laid the foundations of the 
 city of Rome. He got together feveral out- laws 
 and fugitives, and foon became formidable to his 
 neighbours. As they had no women among them, 
 he celebrated certain games, by which he invited 
 the Sabines, who came in great numbers. When 
 they were in the midll of their jollity, Romulus 
 made a (ignal, at which the foldiers (eized on the 
 Sabine women, and carried them off. Romulus 
 took Herfilia, daughter of Tatius, who declared 
 war againft him 5 Tmt Herfilia foon made peace 
 between them, and married Romulus. After this 
 the Romans and &;ibines became one people. The 
 manner of his death is uncertain ; but fome fay 
 
 T I Mars 
 
S A 
 
 Mars trarrflated him into heaven, and he was wor- 
 fhiuped as a god by the name of Qiiirinus. 
 Ru'mia, the goddefs of lucking children. 
 Runci'na, the goddefs of weeding or cleanfing the' 
 ground. 
 
 Ru'tuli, a very ancient people of Italy, who under 
 Turn us endeavoured to drive ^neas out of the 
 country. 
 
 s. 
 
 S Ab^'i, a people of Arabia Felix. 
 
 Sabines, an ancient people of Italy, who being 
 invited to the games celebrated by Romulus, the 
 Romans carried off fome of their women, because 
 they had then none among them. 
 
 Sacra Via, a ftreet in Rom>c, which was a palTage 
 to the Capitol and palace, through which the Ro- 
 mans rode in triumph. Horace, 
 
 Sala^cia, a goddefs of the fea, 'the fame as Am- 
 phitrite* 
 
 Sa'lamis, an ifland and city of the ^gean fea. 
 Sa'lii, the priefts of Mars inftituted by Numa, and 
 were twelve in number, who cai ried the facred 
 Ancilia in procelTion, leaping, dancing, and ilng. 
 ing through the Greets. 
 
 Sa'lmacis, a fountain in Caria, which rendered 
 men elfemlnatei whence it is faid that it changed 
 men into women : as aifo a nymph changed into 
 a fountain of that name Quid, 
 
 Sa.|.mo^n Eus, king of Elis, who was fo proud that 
 he would needs pafs for a godj and in order to ap- 
 pear fo, he made a bridge of brafs over a great 
 part cf iLg city, that the rattling of chariots oyer 
 
 it 
 
S A 
 
 it inigla imitate thunder. But Jupiter, to puniili 
 him, llruck him dead real thunder, 
 
 Salus, the goddefs of health and fafety, to whom 
 there t^eie feveral temples dedicated at Kome ; 
 there was alfo a particular college of priefts, inhi- 
 tilted on purpofe to take care of her worfhip, and 
 they only had the privilege of feeing her Ifatue, 
 They took the auguries of health with great fo- 
 lemnities and many ceremonies. 
 
 Salmos. There are three iflands of that name, in 
 one of which Juno was worfliipped, becaufe the 
 inhabitants believed that goddefs was born in their 
 ifland, on the banks of the river Imbrifis, and un- 
 der a w’illow-tree, that was kept within the walls 
 of the temple ere61ed to her honour. This temple 
 was built by the Argonauts, who had brought 
 from Argos the ftatue of this goddefs. 
 
 SaxVio Thrace, an ifiand of the Archipelago, near 
 Thrace, formerly famous for the worfhip of the 
 gods calUd Cabries, and for the myheries there 
 celebrated, commonly called the mylteries of Samo 
 Thrace. 
 
 Sancus, a god of the Sabines, who was faid to be 
 the father of Sabrimis, who gave name to that 
 nation, 
 
 Sangar, a river of Phrygia, and father of a beauti- 
 ful nymph, who caufed Attis to forget his engage, 
 rnents with Cybele, which was the occafion of the 
 death ot her lover. She happened to fee the fiiif 
 a'inond-tree rife cut of the earth, feme of whofe 
 almonds flie took and put into her bofom 5 but 
 they immediately difappeared, and file became big 
 w'ith child. 
 
 Sappko, an ingenious pcetefs of Lefbes, in the 
 Olympiad, who invented the vti le which goes 
 by her name. Being deferted by her lover Phaon, 
 (lie leaped off the Leucadian rock, to cure her paf- 
 fion j but whether file perifhed or no is unceitain, 
 Statiufi 
 
S A 
 
 Sardus, fon of Maceris, had the furname of Her- 
 cules in -^gypt and Lybia ; it was he that led a 
 colony of Lybians into the ifland now called Sar- 
 dinia. They creeled ftatues to him in this ifland, 
 with this infciiption, Sardus Pater, 
 
 Saron, an ancient king of Troezanus, who was 
 fond of hunting : one day as he was hunting a 
 ftag, he purfued him' to the fea Ihore, and the 
 flag jumping into the fea, he flung himfelf in 
 after him, where he foon got out of his depth, and 
 was drowned. His body was brought back to 
 the facred grove of Diana, and buried in the porch 
 of the temple. This adventure gave name to the 
 gulph of Saronica, an arm of the fea near Corinth. 
 As for Saron, he was placed among the gods oF 
 the fea, and was afterwards worlhipped by ma- 
 riners. 
 
 Sarpe'don, the fon of Jupiter and Europe, and 
 brother of Minos and Rhadamanthus. He dif. 
 puted the crown of Crete with his eldeft brother, 
 and being vanqui/hed, he was obliged to abandon 
 that ifland, but he took with him a colony of 
 Cretans into Afia Minor, where he fet up a fmail 
 kingdom, and governed it peaceably. 
 
 Sarfe'don, fon of Neptune, was very cruel, and 
 made a trifle of taking away the lives of men 5 
 for he killed all thofe that he met with. Hercules 
 freed the world from this monfter. 
 
 Sarpe'don, king of Lycia, and fon of Jupiter and 
 Laodamia, daughter of Belierophon. He diftin- 
 guiflied himfelf at the fiege of Troy, whtire he 
 aflifted Priam, and was killed byPatroclus. After 
 the Trojans had burnt his body, they carefully 
 referved his allies by the order of Jupiter. Homer, 
 
 Sarritor, one of the gods of hufbandry among 
 the Romans, and they worihipped him after the 
 harvefl was got in, 
 
 SATUE.N, 
 
Saturn, the Ton of Ccelum and Terra or Vefta, or, 
 as Plato fays, of Oceanus and Tethys. He mar- 
 ried Ops or Rhea, his own filter j and his elder 
 brother. Titan, was prevaile-d upon to affign o?er 
 his right to him, which he did on this condition, 
 that Saturn fliould deftroy all his male children, 
 thatfo the kingdom might return to Titan’s polle- 
 rity, which Saturn performed, devouring all the 
 males as foon as born. But when Jupiter and Juno 
 were brought into the world. Ops gave him a Itone 
 wrapped up like a child to devour, which he did ; 
 and by the fame device faved Neptune and Pluro 
 alfo. Titan, hearing this, made war upon his bro^ 
 ther, fubdued him, and threw him into Tartarus, 
 from whence he was delivered by his fon Jupiter. 
 But notwithftanding this, having learned by the 
 Oracle that his fon fhould dethrone him, he at- 
 tempted to kill him, whereupon Jupiter furprifed 
 him, made him drunk, bound him, and deprived 
 him of his virility with his fcythe, as Saturn had 
 ferved his father Coelum before. Saturn fled into 
 Italy, where Janus entertained him kindly, and 
 gave him part of his kingdom. In his reign the 
 poets fix the golden age, when the earth, with- 
 out culture, brought forth every thing. He firll 
 taught the rude people to plow and fow, and in- 
 vented the fcythe. He is reprefented under the 
 figure of an old man with a fcythe in his hand, 
 and a ferpent with his tail in his mouth 3 fome- 
 times he has an hour-glafs in his hand, to exprefs 
 the viciflitudes of the world. Quid. Metam, 
 Saturna'lia, a famous feftival at Rome, in the 
 month of December, which lafted feveral days 5 
 it was celebrated in honour of Saturn, with great 
 rejoicings and entertainments, and many prefents 
 were given and received. Servants likewife fat at 
 table with their mafters, in memory of the golden 
 age, when all' things were in common. 
 
 Satyrs, 
 
s c 
 
 Satyrs, country deities, reprefented in tlie form of 
 hairy men, with the horns and ears of a goatj 
 and they had the legs, the thighs, and the 
 tail of the fhme animal 5 but they were fome- 
 tiines painted only with the feet of a goat. 
 It is pretended they were born of the Naiad Nicea, 
 who was intoxicated with drinking at a fountain 
 that Bacchus had changed into wine, who afier- 
 
 ' wards lay with her. Nonnus affirms, that they 
 Iiad originally an entire human fhape 5 but when 
 Juno heard, that, like Bacchus, on whom they at- 
 tended, they often changed themfeves into divers 
 forms, fhe was fo angry that fhe gave them horns 
 and the feet of a goat. Pliny thinks thefe Satyrs 
 were nothing elfe but a fort of apes, and that 
 there were many of them in India which were very 
 lafeivious, and often raviflied fhepherdefles : this 
 he imagines has given ground to fo many hiilories 
 of their amours. Paufanias reports, that one 
 Eiiphiniis,' being caft by a tempeft on the coaft of 
 a defert ifland, faw a fort of hairy wild men with 
 tails, who were for carrying off their wives ; and 
 would have done it, if they had not valiantly de- 
 fended them. 
 
 Scama'nder, the fon of He61or and Andromache, 
 or, as others fay, of Jupiter and Doris. He was 
 metamorphofed into a river, in order to render 
 him immortal, and his waters run near the city 
 of Troy. Jupiter, out of fiiendfliip, gave him a 
 privilege of entertaining the young women who 
 were going to be married ; for when the marriage 
 was concluded they went and wafhed in the river, 
 at which time Scamander appeared from among 
 the reeds, took them by the hand, and led them 
 to his palace. Homer, Ovid, 
 
 Sco'riTAS. 
 
s c 
 
 Sco'titas. Jupiter bad a temple near Sparta, where 
 he was woi (hipped under this name, which (igai- 
 fies darkneis j perhaps to denote that men cannot 
 penetrate into the fecj efs of the Supreme Being. 
 
 Scta'podes, a fabulous people faid to live in India, 
 v^ho had but one leg, with which they hopped 
 along with incredible fwiftnefs. 
 
 ScYLLA, the daughter of Nifus, king of Megara,, 
 who privately cut off her father’s fatal lock, and 
 gave it to Minos ; by that means betraying his 
 lafety and kingilom to his enemy. She was chang- 
 ed into a lark for her treachery, and purfued by 
 Nifus in the fliape of a hawk. Ovid* Metam. 
 
 There is another Scylla, the daughter of Phorcus, 
 who, being enamoured of Glaucus, a fea god, de- 
 fired the iorcerefs Circe to render him fenfibie of 
 her chaims; but Circe, being in love with him 
 herfelf, poifoned the fountain wherein Scylla 
 J)athed j fo that when this nymph ivent to wafh 
 therein, fne was transformed into a dreadful mon- 
 fler, whofe upper part referabled a dog. Others fay 
 file was changed into a rock, infamous for fliip- 
 wrecks. She was fo uneafy at this, that fhe threw 
 herfelf into a gulph of the fea of Sicily, where her. 
 barking and howjing was faid to be heard. It lies 
 near Charybdis, and the paflage between them is 
 very dangerous for veffels j for when they endea- 
 vour to avoid Scylla, they run a rifque of falling 
 into Charybdis. Ovid. Metam. 
 
 Sc Y R ON, a famous robber, who lived on the Ifthmiis 
 of Corinth, where he feized on all palTengers he 
 could, and threw them into, the Tea } he was at 
 length vanquilhed by Thefeus, who made him 
 undergo the fame punifhment : he gave name to 
 the rocks which he had Itained with the blood of 
 fo many miferable people. 
 
 SCYROS 
 
S,E 
 
 ScYROS, an I flan d in the Arch ij)el ago, where Afhil- 
 Jes hid himfelf in woman’s apparel, for fear of 
 going to the war of Troy. 
 
 ScY'THiA, a kingdom of Afia, near the Black fea. 
 
 Scy'Thians, a very ancient but barbarous people, 
 who routed the whole army of Cyrus. They are 
 celebrated bv fome as a people of frugality, ho- 
 nour, and juflice. 
 
 Sebe'this, the daughter of Sebethos, a nymph of 
 that river. 
 
 Sebe'thos, a fmali fountain and river, which rum 
 through Naples. Statius, 
 
 Segecia, or Segesta, a rural deity, who took 
 care of the corn, and of harvefl: timej he was 
 woilhipped by the hulbandmen, in order to pro- 
 cure a plentiful crop. 
 
 Sele'ne, the daughter of Hyperion and Rhea ; fhe 
 having heard that her brother Helicon, whom fhe 
 tenderly loved, was drowned in the Po, flie threw 
 herfelf down from the top of the palace ; after 
 which it was given out, that one was changed 
 into the fun, and the other into the moon ; and the 
 name of thefe two luminaries is the fame in Greek. 
 
 SelPmnus, a river of Achaia, whofe mouth is near 
 a fountain called Argyra. It is pretended that 
 Selimnus was formerly a young fhepherd, of whom 
 the nymph Argyra was fo fond, that fhe came out 
 of the fea every day to enjoy his company ; but 
 this paflion did not laft: long, for at length fhe 
 grrew weary of him, and Selimnus was fo affefted 
 with it, that he died of grief: whereupon Venus 
 metamorphofed him into a river ; and even then 
 he continued to love Argyra, which, when that 
 goddefs perceived, fhe caufed him to forget her en- 
 tirely. The poets affirm that men and women 
 who want to forget their lovers, need only bathe 
 themfelves in this river. 
 
 Se'mele, the daughter of Cadmus, and mother of 
 
 ^ JBacchug 
 
Bacchus by Jupiter. They fay that Juno was fa 
 jealous, that fhc endeavoured to deftroy her, and 
 went to her in the fhape of an old woman, advifing 
 her to fee her hutband in all his glory. Semele, 
 with a great deal of difficulty, perfuaded Jupiter to 
 grant that favour ; the confequence of which was^ 
 that flte was burnt, with the whole houfe. Horaccm. 
 
 Semi'ramis, a famous queen of the Affiyrians, who 
 was daughter of the goddefs Darceto. She was 
 cxpofed foon after her birth, and was fed by pi- 
 geons, on account of which (he received her name % 
 for Semiramis in the Affiyrian language fgnifies a 
 pigeon, • This bird w^as dear to her while the 
 lived, and after her death (he was faid to be 
 changed into a pigeon. It was (he that built the 
 magnificent gardens and wall of Babylon, that 
 were placed among the feven wonders of the world.. 
 
 Se^mones, gods of an inferior rank, being deified 
 men j for this reafon they were called demi gods* 
 
 Septmo'nt lUM, a feftival of the feven mountains 
 of Rome, which was celebrated in the month of 
 September, near the feven mountains within the 
 walls of the city : they facrificed feven times in. 
 feven different places 5 and on that day the em- 
 perors were very liberal to the people. 
 
 Sera'pis, one of the chief gods of the Egyptians, 
 taken by fome for Jupiter, and by others for the 
 fun i fome again took him for Pluto, becaufe 
 he was fometimes accompanied by Cerberus. The 
 .Egyptians had feveral temples dedicated to this 
 god, the mort famous of which was at Canope, 
 and the moft ancient at Memphis 5 and in this laff 
 no ftrangers were permitted to enter. 
 
 Se'riphus, one of the iflands in the ArcbipeIago,.a 
 place to which many exiles were confined. 
 
 Sestos, a city in the Thracian Cherfonefe, oppofite 
 to Abides, on the Afian fide of the Hellefpont, 
 famous for the loves of Hero and Leander. 
 
 U SlBYLs 
 
S I 
 
 SrBYL, the name of women who foretold things 
 to come. The moft famous of thefe was that of 
 C.umae, who commonly lefided in a cave, near 
 a town of that name, and was daughter of Giaii- 
 cus. Apollo, to gain her favour,^ promifed that 
 the flioLild Jive as many years as the could hold 
 grains of fand in her hand. In procefs of time 
 fhe became fo decrepid, that there was fcarce any 
 thing left of her but a voice. She had feveral 
 ©thcr names. — There w'ere other Sibyls, the moft 
 ancient of whom lived at Delphos, and was called 
 Artemis. Next to her was the Sibyl Erythraea, 
 Eiiryphile prophefied at Samos j Hellerpontica at 
 Marpefus, a town on the banks of the Helle- 
 fpont ; the Lybian in Lybiay and, laftly, that of 
 Trivoli, called Albunea, in Africa, 
 
 SlCH^'us, the piieft of Hercules, and hufband of 
 Dido, flain by his brother Pygmalion before the 
 altar, for the fake of his money. FirgiL 
 SPciLY, a large and fruitful iftand near Italy. 
 Si'CYON, a confiderable city of Peloponnefus, famous 
 for /hops ftored with metals of all forts. 
 Siga'lion, an ^Egyptian god of fjlence, who is 
 painted with the fore- hng' r of his right hand on 
 his lips. They carried his ftatue about in the 
 time of the feftivals of Ihs and Serapis, 
 
 SlG^'uM, a promontory near Troy, on which 
 Achilles was buritd. 
 
 Sigillato'R-ES, weie ^Egyptian p« lefts, whofe bufi- 
 nefs it was to mark the vi^-inrs defigned for facri- 
 hces 5 for it was neceftary that the animal Ihould 
 perfecl and in good condition. They examined 
 all their parts,, evin to their very hair j and if 
 there were any black ones, they were not proper for 
 the purpofe. Herodotus informs us, that it was 
 death to any perlon to offer a vi6lim,vvhich was not 
 marked by thefe priefts* 
 
 Silence 
 
S I 
 
 SiLE.vCE, an allegorical deity, reprefented undtr 
 the form of a man, holding one finger in his 
 mouth j or under the figine of a woman, named 
 Muta by the Latins, which fignihes Mute. 
 
 Sile'n us, an old fatyr, who was the fofter- father 
 and tutor of Bacchus j he rid upon an afs, to 
 accompany that god in his conqueft of India. At 
 his return he fettled in the plains of Arcadia, 
 where he was greatly beloved by the lltepherds and 
 fliepherdeffes. He was much addi<Sled to drun- 
 kennefs and riot, wherefore he is reprefented like a 
 little, fiat‘nofed, bald, fat, tun-bellied, old drunken 
 fellow, riding upon an afs j and yet for all this he 
 is accounted wife, learned, and able to dive into 
 myfteries. Horace. Diodorus, O^id, 
 
 €j'moi s, a river flowing from mount Ida, near Troy. 
 
 Simoon IDES, a poet of Cea, who firft invented the 
 art of memory, and three of the Greek letters. 
 
 Si'Nius, a giant that dwelt in the Ilf hmus of Corinth, 
 and put all ftrangers that fell into his hands to a 
 cruel deaths for he bent two neighbouring trees, 
 and brought them together at the top, to which 
 he bound thefe unhappy people, and afterwards 
 letting the branches go, they were torn to pieces. 
 Thefeus is faid to have punifhed him with the 
 fame kind of death. 
 
 SiNON, fon of Sifyphus, and grandfon of Autolicus. 
 He was accounted the moil crafty and deceitful 
 among the Greeks j for thefe pretending to raife 
 the fiege of Troy, Sinon fiiffered himfelf to be 
 taken, and reported that they were going to put 
 him to death, for which reafon he came to them 
 for falety. He made ufe of feveral other reafons 
 to the fame intent. Whjen the wooden horfe was 
 brought into the city, he went in the night and 
 opened the door to let out the Greeks, an-d lb pro- 
 o-ured the deftruilion of Troy. Firgil, 
 
 U % ^ SlPHlAKS, 
 
S I 
 
 SiPHiANS, inhabitants of the iflands of Sypbno*, 
 one of the Cyclades. Thefe people having dif- 
 covered a mine of gold, Apollo demanded a tenth 
 part of the profit, by the Pythian Oracle, promif- 
 ing at the fame time to make it encreafe to their 
 advantage ; upon which they built a treafury in 
 the temple of Delphos, and depofited the tenth 
 part, as had been required 5 but afterwards being 
 poflefled with a fpirit of avarice, they difeontinued 
 paying the tribute, upon which the fea drowned 
 their mine, and caufed it to difappear. The 
 capital town of this ifland is now called the 
 Sipanto 
 
 Si'riLENE, the furname of Cybele, taken from the 
 city Sypylum, where, this goddefs had a temple, 
 and was wor/hipped in a particular manner. 
 
 Si'pYLUS, was the firfi: born of the feven fons of 
 Niobe, who was fiain by the arrows of Apollo. 
 
 SitaTcus, a name of Apollo, who had feveral 
 fiatues in the temple of Delphos, one of which 
 was called Apollo Sitalcus.' It was ere6led by a 
 fine laid upon the Amphibians by the Phocian?, 
 for having tilled a field confecrated to that god. 
 It v^as 35 cubits high, according to Paulanias, 
 
 Sirens, a -kind of monfters, partly women and 
 pajtly fiflies 5 they lived on the coaft of Sicily, 
 and by the fweetnefs of their finging tempted 
 P’flengers on fhore to their deftrubion. Ulyfies, 
 to avoid being charmed by them, ilopped up the 
 ears of the Tailors, and caufed himfelf to be tied 
 to the maft. 
 
 Si'rius, the dog-ftar. 
 
 Sis y^PH IDES, a name of Ulyfies, given him by 
 way of reproach, as if he had been the fon of 
 the robber Sifyphus, who was acquainted with 
 bis mother Anticlea, before (he married his father 
 Taertes, 
 
 Si'SYPHUS, 
 
s o 
 
 Si's YPHUS, the fori, ‘or, as foine fay, the grandfon of 
 .ZEoIuSjV.’ ho greatly infefted Attica with his robbe* 
 lies. He is faid by the p'bcts to fell a great ftone to 
 the top of a muim'tain in hell, which failn down a- 
 gain immedia*- ■ y, and he is forced to rent vv his la- 
 bour, He w’as fo puniflied by the gods, foi having 
 revealed tome of their fecrets, O^vid. Meiam. 
 
 Smilax, a btautif’'! virgin in loVe with .Ciocus, 
 who (lighted lur; and ihe dying for love, was 
 turneu into a flmib of the fame anie, with yellow 
 flowers. 
 
 Smi''ntfeus, a title of Apollo. O^'td, Metam. 
 
 SoMNui'. ^he fur of Erebus ana Nox. He is faid 
 to have a pal?ce in feme unknown and unfre- 
 quented place^ where 'he rays of tlu fun never en- 
 ter. The paflage to it is fiii! of poppies and fleepy 
 herbs, 'and the river of Oblivion runs before the 
 palace. i liere is heard no other noife but the 
 Ibft murmurs of the waters of this river. Somnus 
 himfelf lies in an inner room, upon a down bed, 
 with black curtains drawn Tout him. There are 
 dreams always hovering round him ; and Mor- 
 -pheus, w’hom feme call his Ton, and others his 
 piincipal lei vant, watches to take care there be no 
 noife^ He is accounted the god of deep, and is 
 continually at refl:, holding an horn in one hand, 
 and an elephant’s tooth in the other, 
 
 Sora'ctes, a mountain in the neighbourhood of 
 Rome, now called Mount St. Syivefterv There 
 was formerly a famous temple thereon, dedicated 
 to Apollo, whoic pi lefts were faid to walk over 
 burning coals without danger; but Varro informs 
 us, that they flift rubbed the foies of their feet 
 with a drug, which preferved them from being 
 burnt. 
 
 Sora'nus, a furname given by the Sabines to the 
 god of death; for the word Sora, in their ian^ 
 guage, iignifies a bier. 
 
so 
 
 So5iTes, a kind of divination by lots> which were 
 generally a fort of dice, on which charafters were 
 engraved, whofe explanation was on tables made 
 for that purpofe. In fome temples they threw 
 the dice out of their hands, and in others they put 
 them into urns, from whence they were thrown. 
 This pra61ice was always preceded by facrifices 
 and many ceremonies. 
 
 Sort ILL ECUS, was a man employed in calling lots, 
 though fometimes it was exercifed by women. 
 They were alfo called Sortiarii, and Sortiariae, 
 fjom whence our Englifh name Sorcerer is derived. 
 But ihofe that put the lots into the urn had not a 
 power of drawing them out 5 for this was always 
 done by a young child. 
 
 S.osTPOLis, the god of the Elians. Paufanias in- 
 forms us, that the Arcadians having niad-e an ir- 
 ruption into Elis, the Elians marched againll them, 
 and as they were juft about to give them battle, a 
 woman appeared with a child fucking at her breaft, 
 and told them that ftiehad dreamed that this child 
 ftiould fight their battles, upon which they placed 
 him at the head of their army, quite naked. As 
 foon as the Arcadians began the attack, this child 
 turned himfelf into a fcrpent, which fo terrified 
 the Arcadians that they immediately fled, and the 
 Elians purfued them with a great flaughier. Hence 
 this god v/as called Sofipolis, that is, the favioiir 
 of the city, and they built a temple where the fer- 
 penhdifappeared. 
 
 So'spiTA, a fifmame of Juno, becaufe fhe took care 
 of the lalubrity of the air. This goddefs was 
 often taken for the air itfelf, had three temples 
 untier the name of Juno Sofpita, and the confuls 
 before they entered upon their office offered facri- 
 
 ^ flees therein. 
 
 $bsTRA'TUS, a young man of Achaia, who was 
 faftl to be beloved by PJercules i and after his 
 
 death 
 
S P 
 
 death he raifed a magnificent tomb to his memory. 
 The inhabitants of the city of Palea paid him di- 
 vine honours every year, according to Paufanias. 
 
 Sostra'tus of Sicyone, a celebrated wreftler, wlio 
 held the hands of his antagonifts fo clofe between 
 his, tliat he broke their fingers, and obliged theni 
 to yield. He was crowned tw’elve times at the 
 Nemoean and Ifthmian games, twice at the Py- 
 thian, and thrice at the Olympick games. After 
 his death he had a ftatue at Olympia.. 
 
 Sparta, a city of Peloponnefus, as aifo a country 
 of that name. 
 
 Spartes, a name given to the companions of Cad- 
 mus, who, according to the fable, were born 
 cf the dragon’s teeth which Minerva had fowed 
 in the earth. Some fiay there were thirteen, and 
 that they were »li fons of Cadmus, by divers wo- 
 men. 
 
 Spe'rchius, a river of M^edonia, Homer tell« 
 us, that Peleus made a vow to o^er to Sperchius 
 the hair of his fon Achilles, if he returned fafely 
 from the fiege of Troy, 
 
 Spino'sa, a rural deity, which they invoked when 
 the^ were going to clear the ground of briars. 
 
 Spo'ndius, a furname of Apollo, who had an altar 
 in the temple of Hercules at Thebes under that 
 name. This altar was coriflru^Sed with the alhes 
 of the viflims. 
 
 Sphinx, a monller with the face of a virgin, wings 
 of a bifd, the body of a dog, and the claws of a 
 lion. Her place of abode was near Thebes, where 
 flie deftroyed many people. Apollo told Creon 
 that fhe could not be vanqui/lied, till feme one 
 had expounded her riddle. The riddle was, 
 creature is thaty n.vhich has four legs in the 
 morntngy t^o at noon, and three at n<gbt ? 
 OEdipu* expounded it, telling her it was a man. 
 
S T 
 
 when a child creepeth on ail four, in his 
 iniddle age wslkcth on two legs, and in his old 
 age on two and a ftaff. This put the Sphinx 
 into a great rage, who. finding her riddle folved, 
 threw herfelfdown and broke her neck. 
 
 Sta'phyle, a nymph of whom Bacchus was en- 
 amoured, and who was afterwards changed into a 
 vine. 
 
 Statama'ter, a deity worfhipped at Rome in the 
 public, market-place j at which time they kindled 
 great fires to her honour. 
 
 Stator, a furname of Jupiter. Romulus perceiv- 
 ing the foldiers give way, when they were fighting 
 againfi the Samnites, he befought Jupiter to in- 
 fpire the Romans with courage, and to their 
 flight. His prayer was heard, and- in memory of 
 this event Romulus built a temple to Jupiter, at 
 the foot of mount Palantine, under the title of 
 Stator. Xhis (tatue reprefented Jupitei' fianding 
 upright, with a pike in the right hand, and light- 
 ning in the left. 
 
 Stentor, a Giecian, wTo had as loud a yoice as 
 fifty men together. Hc'/ner. Ju^jetiaL 
 
 Ste'nio, i^ne of the Gorgon s. 
 
 St EUROPE, one of the Pleiades, at whofe rifing the 
 fea grows tempeftuous. O-utd. 
 
 Ste'rofes, the fon of Vulcan, and one of the Cy- 
 clops, 
 
 Sthe'n ELUS, one of the Greek commanders, and an 
 intimate friend of Diomedes, as alfo the Ton of 
 Perftus and Andromed-i. Ha- ace, flomer, 
 
 SfHENOBoeA, the wife of Proteus, king of Argos, 
 w ho prevailed upon her hufband to put Belleio- 
 phon to death, becaufe he would not gratify her 
 inclinations. 
 
 St i'lbi A, the daughter of the river Peneus, wTo was 
 beloved by Apollo, and by him became the mother 
 pf ty/o (bns, Centaurus and Tapi’hps, 
 
 Sti'pke- 
 
S Y 
 
 Sti'phelus, one of the Centaurs. 
 
 Sti'ritis, furname of Ceres, who had a temple at 
 Phofes under that name. It was built with iin- 
 burnt bricks, but the ftatue of the goddel's was of 
 beautiful marble, and (he held a flambeau in each 
 hand. 
 
 Stro'fhades, two illand.s in the Ionian fea, which 
 were frequented by the Harpies. Virg'iL 
 
 Strymon, a river dividing Thrace from Macedon. 
 
 Virgil. 
 
 Stympha'lus, a high hill and city of Arcadia. 
 As all'o a lake, from which arofe a horrible flench. 
 Hercules killed a great number of filthy birds, 
 which incomnaoded the adjacent parts. 
 
 Styx, a river of hell, which furrounded it lever times. 
 When the gods fwore by this river, they never 
 broke their oath ; for if they did, they were to be 
 deprived of their godfliip for one hundr-d years. 
 
 SuBSoL a'nus, one of the principal winds, and the 
 hotted of them all. 
 
 SuLMo, a town of Peligni, in Italy, and the birth- 
 place of Ovid. 
 
 Summa'nus, a name of Pluto, who was faid to 
 dart his thunder bv night. As alio a temple built 
 for him at Rpme.. 
 
 Sylva^'nus, the god of tne woods, who fell in love 
 
 - with CyparilTus ; but being bj unfortunate as 
 to kill a fawn, vhich the youdi nad tenderly 
 brought up, and died for the iofs of, he changed 
 him into a cyprefs-tree, and carried a branch of it 
 ever after in his hand. His ufual facrifice was a 
 bog. Vir^iL Ju^^enal. 
 
 Sy'lvia RHiE >v,"the daughter of Numitor, and mo- 
 ther of Romuh’S. 
 
 Symple'g AS, two mountains, or rather iflands, near 
 the Thracian Bofphorus, and fo dole together, 
 that at a fmall diftance they feem to be but one. 
 Lucan* Ovid* 
 
 Sy'rian, 
 
T A 
 
 'Sy'juan, or the Syrian goddefs. According to Lu- 
 cian, there is a city in Syria called Hieropilis, 
 in which there was the moft magnificent and 
 beautiful temple in all Syria. Here the flatues 
 were faid to fweat, to move, and to pronounce 
 Oracles. It was full of riches, for they brought 
 prefents from all parts, as Arabia, Phoenicia, 
 Cappadocia, Cilicia, Aflyria, and Babylon. The i 
 gates of the temple were faid to be of gold, as 
 well as the covering. Some think this temple was ' 
 built by Semiramis, in honour of Dsrceto her 
 mother ; others fay it was confecrated to Cybele, 
 by Atys, who firR taught mankind the myfteries of 
 this goddefs. But this mnft be underftood of the 
 ■ancient temple^ for that which fubfided in the 
 time of Lucian was built by Stratonice, wife of 
 Seleucus, whom he gave to his fon Antiochus, w'ho 
 was dying for love of her, 
 
 Sy'R-ius, a furname of Jupiter, becaufe he had a 
 ftatue in the temple of the Syrian goddefs. 
 
 Syrinx, an Arcadian nymph, beloved by the god 
 Pan, and ilying from him the implored the afTift- 
 ance of the Naiades her fifters, w’ho took her un- 
 der prote^ion, and changed her into a reed, of 
 which Pan made a flute, commonly faid to be the 
 fir ft ever known. 0^vtd» Me tarn, 
 
 Syrtes, two quickfands, in the fartheft part of 
 Africa, at a great diftance from each other, Ftr- 
 giL Horace. 
 
 T. 
 
 T Aautus was, according to Sanchonlothon, one 
 of the defcendants of the Titans, and the fame 
 as Hennes Trifmegiftus \ according to him alfo, 
 
 he 
 
T A 
 
 be was the firft that invented letters. Huet tella 
 us, that the Phoenicians, who were entirely addicted 
 to trade, worfhipped Mercury under this name. 
 
 Ta'cita, the goddefs of filence, who was firft talcen 
 notice of by Numa Pompilius, and who thought 
 proper to introduce this goddefs into the new ef- 
 tabliHiment of his dominions'. 
 
 T/ena'rides, a name of Hyacinthus. Omd. Metam. 
 
 T^e'naros, a promontory of Laconia, under which 
 is a hollow cave with a wide mouth, which fome 
 thought to be the entrance of hell. Horace^ 
 Juvenal, 
 
 TageSj the grandfon of Jupiter, and fon of Genius, 
 who firft taught the Tufcans the art of divination, 
 Cicero, Ovid, 
 
 Tagus, a river of Portugal, famous for its golden 
 fands. Ovid, 
 
 Talus, the nephew of Dtedalus, who made fuch a 
 progrefs in arts under the dire6lion of his uncle, 
 that he invented the faw, the wheel for earthen 
 ware, and feveral other inftrumenis. At length 
 Daedalus was jealous of fuch a rival, and put him 
 fecretly to death 5 to which the fable adds, that 
 he was changed into a partridge by Minerva. 
 
 Talthy'bius, a herald in the Grecian camp, Tent 
 by Agamemnon to demand Brifeis from Achilles, 
 Homer, Ovid, 
 
 Ta'nagra, the daughter of ^olus, who gave her 
 name to tlie city of Tanagra, in Boeotia 5 for fiie 
 was fo old that they gave her the name of Grsea, 
 that is to fay, a hag, and hence the city was fo 
 called. The inhabitants were thought to be the 
 moft religious people in all Greece, becaufe they 
 built the temples in places at a diftance from any 
 concourfe of people, and where there were no 
 houfes. 
 
 Taras, a fon of Neptune, though t to bs- the found- 
 
T A 
 
 €T of the Tarerltines; for they (lamped his image, 
 upon their medals, in the fhape of a fea god 
 mounted upon a dolphin, and holding a trident in 
 his hand. He had a (latue in the temple of Del- 
 phos, where they paid him divine honours. 
 
 Ta'ntalus, a king of Corinth, and fon of Jupiter, 
 and of a nymph called Glotta ; or, as others fay, 
 king of Paphlagonia, and grandfather of Aga-* 
 memnon. He carried away Ganymede, to be re- 
 venged of Tros, who had not invited him to the 
 iirft folemnities celebrated at Troy. To try the 
 gods who came to vifit him, he ferved up the mem- 
 bers 6f his fon Pelops, for which Jiipitei* con- 
 demned him to perpetual hunger and third* 
 lylercury put him in chains, and plunged him 
 up to the chin in the middle of a lake in hell, 
 and placed near his mouth a branch loaded with 
 pleafant fruit, which retired when he wanted to 
 eat, and the water drew back when he defired 
 to drink. O^vid. Met am* 
 
 Ta.RPe'ia, a vedal virgin, who agreed with the 
 Albans to deliver up the Capitol, if they wouM 
 give her the fine things which they wore on their 
 left arms, meaning their bracelets 5 but they being 
 entered, threw their. (liields upon her, and buried 
 her under them. Hence is derived the name of 
 the Tarpeian rock. 
 
 Ta'rtarus, the deeped part of -hell, where the 
 wicked are punidied ; and, according to Homer, it 
 was fo deep a prifon, that it was placed as far be- 
 low hell, as hell itleif from the heavens. But 
 Virgil gives us another account of it ; for he fays 
 Tarlarus is a vad prifon in the infernal region, 
 encompalTed with three walls, and furrounded by 
 the river Phlegetbon It had a high tower to de- 
 fend* its entrance, and the gates were as hard as 
 diamonds, inlomuch that neither the power of men 
 nor gods could break them, 
 
 Ta'tius, 
 
Ta^Tius, a king of the Sabines, who made an a-?- 
 Jiance with Romulus, after they had been feme 
 time at war. 
 
 Tecme'ssa, a captive Trojan maid, beloved by 
 Ajax, fon of Telamon. 
 
 Teium, or Teos, a city of Ionia, where Anacreon 
 was born. Horace, Quid, 
 
 T eTamon, the fon of -®acus, brother of Peleiis, ai.d 
 father of Ajax. He was a companion of Hercules 
 in the facking of Troy, and aifo one of the Ar- 
 gonauts. 
 
 Te'lephus, the fon of Hercules and Augea, who 
 being abandoned by his mother foon alter his birth, 
 he was found near a hind, who gave him fuck. 
 'Idle king of Myfia adopted him for his fon, and 
 when he was old enough to bear arms, he endea- 
 voured to hinder the march of the Grecians townrris 
 Troy, and was mortally wounded by Achilles j 
 tut a peace being made, he was cured by Chimri, 
 with the nift of the fpear that gave him the wound. 
 
 Ovid, Metam, 
 
 Tellus, or Terra, the wife of Coehim. She had 
 a prodigious number of breafts, and fo full that 
 fhe nourifhed all mankind. 
 
 Te le'sfhorus, one of the gods of medicine, who 
 was properly the god of ihofe that w^ere recover- 
 ing. He was had in high honour 'at Perganius j 
 and he was called Afetious by the Epidaurians, 
 who thought he reftoied health and kept perfons 
 free from difeafes. He was reprefented like a 
 young man, and iometimes like a child : fcineiimes 
 he was accompanied by -<^fculapius and Hygeia, 
 his daughter deities of medicine, at ether limes 
 with Hercules, to denote the ftrength which attends 
 health, 
 
 Tele'boas, one of the Cent:?urs. Ovid , Nleict^y 
 X Tele'go- 
 
T E 
 
 Tele’gonus, the Ton of UlyfTes and Crrce, m 
 whofe i (land UlyfTes had been fhipwrecked, and be- 
 gat this Ton on the forcerefs 5 but the Oracle having 
 foretold that UlyfTes fhould be flain by the hand of 
 this Ton, he determined torefign his crown in Favour 
 of Telemachus, as Toon as he fhould arrive in Itha- 
 ca. After this he went privately into ex.ile, and 
 lived in a defert, fo that they thought him dead, 
 Telegonus, being grown up, obtained leave of 
 Circe to go and Tee his father ; and at the time of 
 his landing, UlyfTes got together a handful of men, 
 and placed himfelf at their head, to oppofe the 
 defcent of Telegonus, whom "he <-ook to be an 
 enemy come to furprife the ifland of Ithaca. Thus 
 this unhappy prince could not avoid his deftiny j 
 for he was killed by his own Ton, who knew no- 
 thing of his crime till he had married Penelope, 
 his mother- in law, being ignorant of that lik.<e- 
 wife. Homer. 
 
 There was likewife a giant of the fame name, a. 
 great friend of Tmolus. 
 
 Tele'machus, the only Ton of UlyfTes by Fene^ 
 lope, who was but a child when his father went 
 to the Trojan war. When he came to be fifteen 
 years of age, he went from country to country 
 with Minerva, in the fhape of Mentor, his gover- 
 nor, to feek his father. During this voyage he- 
 encountered many hazards, and at length found 
 Ulyfles at his arrival in Ithaca. Some time after 
 his father had refigned his crown, he went to vifit 
 Circe, to whom he was engaged during his voy- 
 j^ge, and married her the fame time that Tele- 
 gonus had married Penelope, and who had lately 
 ^killed his father. Homer, Phenelon 
 
 TeloS, thefatherof Oebalus. Ftrgil, 
 
 TeTluno, a terreftrial god, and Tuppofed by feme 
 to be a furname of Pluto. 
 
 Txllus, acitken of Athens, When Creefus was 
 
 at 
 
at the bigheft of his felicity, he Solon if he 
 
 knew a happier man than himfelf? Solon anfweied, 
 that he had known one who was his fellow-citizen, 
 v/ho never wanted necelfaries while he lived, and 
 died fighting glorioufly for his country, after he 
 had put his enemies to flight. 
 
 Tellmessus, a fon of Apollo, who was founder 
 of the city Tellmeflum. Apollo, being meta- 
 niorphofed into a little dog, lay with the daughter 
 of Antenor, and in acknowledgment of her favours 
 he beftowed on her the faculty of prophecy 5 that 
 is, for herfelf and her fon. TellmelTus taught 
 this art to his fellow-citizens, whereby they all 
 became (kilfiil in divination. He built the city of 
 Tellmefl'am, where he confecrated a temple to 
 Apollo, his father, from whence he had the fur- 
 name of TellmefTianus. After his death he was 
 buried in that temple, and the inhabitants ere6led 
 an altar on his tomb,aud facrificed to him thereon. 
 
 Temerus, a robber of Theflaly, who broke the 
 heads of all paflengers by Itriking them againft 
 his. He was vanquiihed by Thefeus. 
 
 Temessius, the founder of the city Abdera, In 
 Thrace, who was placed by the inhabitants among 
 their demi gods, and had fuitable honours paid 
 him. 
 
 Tempe, a valley between mount Offi and Olympus. 
 It was laid to be the moft charming place in the 
 univerfe, where the gods and goddeffcs were wont 
 to divert themfelves. 
 
 Tempest, was deified by the Romans, and Mar- 
 cellus built a fmall temple to his honour, a little 
 without the gate of Capena, at Rome j becaule he 
 was delivered from a violent tempeft, between the 
 iflands of Corfica and Sardinia. 
 
 Temples, facred ftru6lures raifed to the honour 
 of certain gofls. A-^cording to Herodotus and 
 ^ 2 , Strabo, 
 
T E 
 
 Strabo, the .Egyptians and Phoenicians were the 
 firft that ere6led them. The Perfians, and all 
 thofe who followed the do6lrine of the Magi, 
 were a great while without temples ; faying that 
 the whole world was the temple of God, and that 
 it was fooliih to imagine that he could dwell with- 
 in the narrow bounds of a temple j for this reafon 
 they facrificed to their gods in the open air, and 
 in all places, but more particularly upon the hills. 
 The ancient temples were divided into feveral 
 parts, the firft of which was the area or porch, 
 wherein was a pond with water therein to perform 
 their ludrations. What they called Naos was like 
 the nave of our churches. The third part was the 
 Adi turn, or the Holy Place, where the common 
 people were not permitted to enter, nor even fo 
 much as to look. 
 
 Te'nedos, a fmall ifland and city of LefTer Afia, 
 over agairxft Sigseum, a promontory of Troas. 
 Virgil, 
 
 Tenes, the fon of Cycnus, who reigned in a city 
 of Troas, and gave his name to the ifland of 
 Xenedos. He lived at the time of the fiege of 
 Troy ; and when Achilles went to ravage the i lie 
 of Tenedos, Tenes oppofed him, but vv^as killed 
 in the fight. 
 
 Tends, one of the iflands in the .^Tgean fea, famous 
 for the temple of Neptune. 
 
 Te'reus, king of Thrace, who ravilhed Philomela, 
 his wife’s filter, and was metamorphofed into a 
 fparrow-hawk. 
 
 Te'rifrus, the Ton of Apollo and the nymph IVIe- 
 liaj he received from his father the gift of divir*- 
 nation. 
 
 Termina'lis, a furname of Jupiter. Before Nunja 
 had fet up the god Terminus, Jupiter was wor- 
 
 ^ (hipped 
 
T H 
 
 /hipped as the prcte6lor of bound?, and then was 
 reprefented in the form of a Itone 3 by v^hich they 
 made the moft folcmn oaths. 
 
 T£'rminus, a god who prefided over the boundaries 
 of the fields. When the' gods retired from the 
 Capitol in refpe<fi: to Jupiter, the god Terminus re* 
 mained in his place without itirring. He is repre- 
 fented with the head of a man, and the lower 
 part like a (harp fiake to fix in the earth. 
 
 Terpsi'chore, one of the nine Mules, and god- 
 lieis of dancing and mufic. She is reprefented 
 under the figure of a virgin, crowned with gar- 
 lands, holding a harp in one hand, and inltru- 
 meius of mufic round her. 
 
 Terra; feeXELLUS. 
 
 Tsrror, the god of dread and fear. Quid, 
 Met am,' 
 
 Tetkys, the daughter of Coelum and Terra, wife of 
 Cceanus, and mother of the nymphs or rivers. 
 It is fometimes taken for the Tea. Virn'il. Luaan, 
 
 Teucer, the Ton of Scamand; r of Crete, and fa^ 
 ther-in-Iaw of Dardanus, who reigned with him, 
 and who gave his name to the 7'rojans, v/ho v>^ere 
 called Teucrians. There is another Teucer, fon 
 of Telamon and Hefione, who was driven from 
 his country, for not having revenged the death of 
 Ajax upon Ulyfies. 
 
 Te'omesus, a mountain ofBcsotia, in the region of 
 Thebes, where Hercules, when young, flew the 
 lion, whofe Ik in he wore ever after. 
 
 Thales, of Miletp?, one ct tl.e ieven wile men of 
 Greece. He was faid to be a philofapher, an 
 adronomer, and a geometjlcian. He pnfixd the 
 greatefi part of his voiuh in travelling, after 
 which he returned info his own country to put 
 his knowiedcre in pra^ice. He negle6led h.s 
 iorncltic affairs, and being blamed for it, he 
 X 3 replied j 
 
T H 
 
 replied, that a wife man is always rich, but a rlcb 
 nun isTeldom very wife. Another time he was 
 aiked what he got by his wildom, and he anfwered, 
 that they fhould fee one day or other; accordingly, 
 either by chance or by his fkill in agronomy, he 
 forefa w a plentilul year, and in the winter agreed 
 for all the olives round about Miletus, and made 
 vaft quantities of excellent oil, by which he gained 
 a vaH deal of money. His friends came to con- 
 gratulate him for his fuccefs ; at which time, in 
 their prefence, he gave the money to the hek and 
 poor people of Miletus. 
 
 Thala'ssius, a nuptial term, whereby young 
 wives, as fome fay, were called to fpih. 
 
 Thala'ssus, the god of mairiage. ^artiaL 
 
 7'hali'a, one of the nine Mufes, who prelided 
 over lyric poetry and comedy. She is reprefented 
 under the figuie of a young maid crowned with 
 ivy, holding a mafk in her hand, and with bulkins 
 on her feet. One of the Graces vvas alfo called 
 Thalia. Virgil. 
 
 Tha'myras, or Tha'myp.is, a grandfon of Apollo, 
 He w^as lo va n he challenged the Mufes who lhoul4 
 hng beft, by whom it was agreed, that, if he excel- 
 led, they fliould acknowledge him for vi6lor ; but, 
 on the contrary, if he fhould be out-done, he fhould 
 yield himfclf to them, to be treated at diferetion. 
 He happening to lofe, the Mufes put out his eyes, 
 and made him forget all that he knew. As alfo 
 one of the lirll foothfayers and inventors of tha,t 
 art. . 
 
 Tj^a'ramis, was the Jupiter of the ancient Gaul^ 
 taken notice of by Lucan ; he declared this go^ 
 bad no more humanity than the Diana of Col- 
 chos, for it feems they offered human viflims to 
 both. 
 
 a furname of Hercules, taken from Tha- 
 ^os^ an iflarid of the fea, where they wor- 
 
 jihij»ped 
 
T H 
 
 Shipped Hercules as their tutelary god, becaufe he 
 delivered them from certain tyrants by whom they 
 were opprefTcd. 
 
 Tkea, a daughter of Coelum and Terra, wife of 
 Hypeiion, and motlierof Sol, Luna, and the beau- 
 tiful Aurora, according to Hefiod, 
 
 Thea'genes, a citizen of Thalbs, who was often 
 crowmeii in the Grecian games, and had ftatues 
 ere6led to his honour. 
 
 Thea'LIA, a Ceciiian nymph, who was beloved of 
 Jupiter, and became mother of the Palici. She 
 was the daughter of Vulcan; that is, fltc inha- 
 bited a place near mount ^tna. 
 
 Thaumas, the huiband of Eie^lra, and father of 
 Iris. O'-vid, Met am, 
 
 Thea'no, a prieftefs of Pallas, and vvife of An- 
 tencr, who is laid to have betrayed Troy to the 
 Greeks. 
 
 Thebes, the name of feveral cities in different 
 countries. Thebes in -^Tgrpt was built by Bufiris, 
 king of ^gypt, and called Heliopolis, or the 
 city of the Sun, and was mentioned by Homer as 
 having an hundred gates. Another was in 
 Boeotia, a country of Greece, and was fo called 
 from Thebe, the wife of Mars, who was queen 
 of that country. The walls of this city were 
 faid to be rebuilt by Ainphion with the found 
 pf his lyre ; but it was firft built by Cadmus, 
 fhe fon cf Agenor. Likewife there was ano- 
 ther in. Cilicia, which 'was the birth place of 
 Andromache, Hc6lpr’s wife. Ju venal. Propertius, 
 0-vid. Homer. 
 
 Themis^ the daughter of Cv^Uim and Terra, fifler 
 of Saturn, and goddefs of laws, ceremonies, 
 and o*{'?ides. She had an Oracle near the river 
 ( ephifus, in Boeotia, which Deucalion and Pynha 
 
 - conJulted how to lellpre mankind after the 
 
 TtiEMpSTOa 
 
T H 
 
 Themi'sto, the wife of Athamas, was fo vexed 
 that he had divorced her, and married Ino, that 
 (he revenged herfelf by attempting to mafiacre 
 Learchus and Melicerta, children of Ino. But 
 the nurfe, knowing of her dehgn, cloathed the chil- 
 dren of Tiiemifto with the habits of thefe princes, 
 in confequence w^hereof fhe malTacred her own 
 children. When /he came to find her miflake, 
 file ftabbed herfelf. 
 
 Theo'phana, daughter of Byfaltus, was very 
 beautiful, and fought by feverai lovers j but Nep- 
 tune, to fecure his polfefHon of her, carried her off, 
 and condu6ftd her to the ifland of RumifTa. Her 
 lovers, hearing where (he was, followed her thither j 
 whereupon Neptune metamorphofed his miftrefs 
 into a ewe, hinifelf into a ram, and all the inha- 
 bitants of the iflind into qiiadrupedes ; in which 
 condition Theophana brought into the world the 
 ram with the golden fleece j the fame that carried 
 Phryxus into Colchis. 
 
 T H eo'rius, the name of a temple of Apollo, in the 
 city of Treaezene, which tignifies to fee, and which 
 agrees very well with this god, confidered as the 
 fun. It is the moft ancient temple in this city. 
 
 Thera'pne, a daughter of LeUx, who gave her 
 name" to the city Therapne, in Laconia j in which 
 Menalaus and Helenas had a temple in common 
 to them both. 
 
 Thero, the daughter of Phylas and Deiphila, was 
 as beautiful as Diana, according to an ancient 
 poet. She was beloved by Apollo, and had by 
 him Chaeron, fo famous for his Ikill in taming 
 horfes. He was the fame who founded the town 
 called Chaeonea, in Boeotia. 
 
 The'rsites, a wretched buffoon in the Grecian 
 army, who attempted to ridicule all the general's 
 In it, This man, according to Homer, viras a 
 
 great 
 
T H 
 
 great talker, and made a terrible noiic: he uttered 
 nothing but fcandal and coarfe fayings of all 
 kinds. He was iikewife the uglielt of mankind, 
 for he was fquint eyed, and had a hump both be- 
 fore and behind j befides which he was lame, and 
 had a pointed head very thin of hair. One day 
 as he was reproaching Agamemnon for the bad 
 fuccefs of the fiege of Troy, Ulyfi'es, who was 
 prefent, threatened him, if he went on, to tear his 
 flelh to pieces with rods 5 and at the fame time 
 ffruck his back and (lioulders with his fceptre. 
 The pain caufed Therfites to make fuch ugly 
 faces, that the Greeks, affli< 5 fed as they were, could 
 not forbear laughing at him. After this he was 
 filent for feme time 5 but afterwards daring to at- 
 tack Achilles, this hero killed him with a blow of 
 his fift. 
 
 Tpie'seus, the fon of u®geus, king of Athens, and 
 jflEthra, daughter of Pittheus. He endeavoured to 
 imitate Hercules in ail his a^lions. He was an 
 enemy to vice, and vanquilhed feveral monfters 5 
 fu^h as the Minotaur, to whom he was given to be 
 devoured. He Iikewife conquered the Amazons, 
 and took their queen Hippolyte to wife, by whom 
 he had Hippolytus. He had Iikewife feveral other 
 wives, as Helen, Ariadne, and Phaedra. Some he 
 forfook, as Ariadne among others, and defeended 
 into hell with Pirithous, to aflift in carring cflf 
 Pfoferpine ; but he was condemned by Pluto to 
 be faftened to a (tone, and there remain till Her- 
 cules fet him free. He ftuck fo clofe to this ftone, 
 that he left fome of his Ikin behind him. He 
 was made prifoner by Epirotes, who kept him con- 
 fined, and treated him with feverity, whilft Mne- 
 flrius, fon of Eri^lheus, got pofieflion of his domi- 
 nions. After his return he re-polfefled hinifeif of 
 the throne, and governed his people in peace. He 
 is faid to have died at Athens, and that the inha- 
 bitants 
 
T H 
 
 ^)Uants ei€<5led altars to his honour. PluidrtJi, 
 Onjid 
 
 The smopho'ria, facred rites in honour of Ceres* 
 O^id. 
 
 The'spIjT:, a city of Boeotia, feated at the foot of 
 mount Helicon, that has its name from Thefpius, 
 one of the fons of Eri6lbeus. Here was a ftatue 
 of bronze ere6\ed to Jupiter Soter, in confequence 
 of a tradition of the inhabitants; which was, that 
 their city being ravaged by an horrible dragon, 
 Jupiter ordered them to chufe a young perfon by 
 iot every year, who was to be expofed to this mon- 
 fter. At length the lot fell upon Cloftratus, who 
 caufed brazen armour to be made furnilhed with 
 hooks within and without, and he then expoftd 
 himfelf to the dragon ; this did not fave his owa 
 life, but it preferved the reft of the citizens, for 
 his armour killed this dreadful monfter. It is 
 laid this young man was worihipped by the Thef- 
 pians by the name of Jupiter Soter. 
 
 Thespjs, an Athenian poet, the firft inventor of 
 tragedy. There w'as another Tliefpis, the fon of 
 Eri6lheus, who invited Hercules to a feaft, and 
 made him drunk, and then gave him fifty young 
 virgins for concubines. 
 
 The'spius, or Thestius, the Ton ®f Agenor, had 
 fifty daughters ; and being willing to have pofterity 
 by Hercules, he invited him to a great feaft, where 
 he regaled him in a magnificent manner : after 
 this, according to Diodorus, he fent his fifty 
 daughters to him one after another, by whom they 
 all had a fon, except tHe eldeft and youngeft, who 
 had each of them two. But Paufanias tells us, thaf 
 the youngeft would not confent to lofe her virgi- 
 nity ; whereupon Hercules made her his prieftefs ; 
 for this reafon the temple of Hercules at Thefpiae 
 was always ferved by a prieftefs, who was obliged 
 to continue a virgin to her death. 
 
 TflESSALIAj 
 
T H 
 
 Thessaha, a country of Greece. 
 
 Thesti'ad^-:> the fons of 7'he(lius, Toxeii*^, an ? 
 Plexippus, brothers of Althaea, tldin by iheir ne- 
 phew Meleager. Ovid. Mefam. 
 
 Thesti'ades, the fifty daughters of Thcfiius, who 
 were laid to be got with ehijd by Hercules in one 
 night. 
 
 The'stius, -the Ton of Panhaon, father of Althjca, 
 the mother of Meleager. Ovid, Metam. i 
 
 Thestor, one of the Argonauts, was father of 
 Calcas, and of two daughters,^ named Theone and 
 Leucippe. The former, w’alking one day on the 
 fea fhore, was met with by pirates, who carried 
 her off, and fold her to Icarus, kjng of Cai ia. 
 Her father, who W'as very fond of her, fentcut 
 a vefTel in purfiiit of the pirates j but being (hip - 
 wrecked on the coaft of Caria, he was taken and 
 fent to prifon by the king. Leucippe, who had 
 heard no news of her father, confuired the Oracle 
 to know bow to find him j and was told, fi'.e 
 muft cut off her hair, take the habit of a piieft 
 of Apollo, and go in fearch of him. She-focn 
 Cct out upon the journey, and arrived at Carin. 
 where Theone fell in love v/ith this pretendefl 
 prielt 5 but riot finding the expe<5fed return, (he 
 was loaded with chains, and ordered to be put to 
 death privately by Thcftor. He entered the pri- 
 fon with a fjA^orcl Theone had given him, told thi^ 
 pretended pried, that (he was not fo unhappy as 
 himfelf, becaiife h« had loft his two claugliters,- 
 mentioning their names : he added, he was forced 
 to perform this execution, but was determined to 
 prevent it by killing himfelf j upon which he was 
 going to fall upon his fword. Upon this Leucippe 
 knew her father, fnatched away the fword, and 
 ran to the apartment of Theone to take away her 
 life, and called her father Theftor to her aOift- 
 aunce j, Ihe, hearing the n^me, cried out, (lie was 
 
T FI 
 
 his daughter. Icarus, being informecfiof thefe cx:- 
 traordinary events, loaded all three with prefents, 
 and fent them into their own country, 
 
 Thesto'rides Calc as, the famous foothfayer, 
 and fon of Thedor. Ovid. Metam, 
 
 Thetis, goddefs of the fea. According to fome, 
 Ihe was the daughter of Neptune, or, as others fay, 
 of Nereus, wife of Peleus, king of ThCiTaiy, and 
 mother of Achilles, as alfo of Nereus and Doris. 
 Jupiter was defirous of marrying her, but did not, 
 becaufe it was foretold that her Ton (hould be more 
 eminent and illulhious than the father. She was 
 married to Peleus, by whom flie had Achilles. 
 No nuptials were ever fo brilliant or more magni- 
 ficent than thefe : for all the gods and goddeffes 
 were at the wedding, except Difcord, who was not 
 invited; (he, tojevenge herfelf, threw an apple 
 of gold upon the table with this infcription, To 
 the faireft or moil beautiful. Juno, Pallas, and 
 Venus, difputed for the prize, and agreed that Pa- 
 ris fhould be judge, which caufed a vaft number 
 of diforders. When Achilles was obliged to goto 
 the liege of Troy, Thetis went to Vulcan, and 
 prevailed upon him to make a fet of armour and a 
 fliield, which flie prefented to her fan, which-pr^- 
 ferved him from many dangers. Some confound 
 this goddefs with Amphitrite, and fhe is reprefent- 
 ed in a '.chariot in the form of a (hell drawn by 
 dolphins. Ho?ner. 
 
 This BE, the unhappy miftrefs of Pyramus. Which 
 fee. 
 
 Thoas, a king of Taurica, who had the ftatue of 
 Diana in hrs pofTelTion. It was carried away by 
 Oreftes, Pylades, and Iphigenia, Thoas was flain 
 by Oreftes, 
 
 Thrace, a country in the moll eaftern part of Eu- 
 rope. Horace. 
 
 Thra'sius, a noted foothfayer;, who came to B«- 
 
T I 
 
 fin's, klr^of ^gypt, and told him that Jupiter 
 would lend rain if he facrificed ftrangcrs, upon 
 ^ which he being a ftranger was facrificed himfelf. 
 O'vid* 
 
 Thule, an iiland in the moft northern part of Eu- 
 rope then, known. 
 
 Thy AS, prieftefs of Bacchus. Virgil, 
 Thye'stes, the fon of Pelops, and brother of 
 Atreus. He committed incell with his lifter- iri- 
 law Ailrope, wife of Atreus ; who, to be revenged, 
 killed her child, and ferved him up to his brother 
 at his own tabl^. The fun did not appear that 
 day above the horizon, becaufe he would not give 
 light to fo deteftable an a^lion. 
 
 Thymbr^'us, a name of Apollo, fo called be- 
 caufe he had a temple and grove at Thymbra, 
 near Troas. Virgil, 
 
 THYMoe'rES, the fon of Priam, by Arilbe, Virgil, 
 Tiber, a famous river in Italy, at firft called Al- 
 hula. 
 
 Tibu'llus, an elegiac poet, intimately acquainted 
 with Horace and Ovid. He died young, and liis 
 four books of elegies are ftill extant. 
 
 Tibur., a pleafant city of Italy, fixteen miles from 
 Rome. Horace, Virgil. 
 
 Xisu'rnus, the fon of Amphiaraus, who with his 
 brother Catillys built Tibur. 
 
 Tigris, a famous river In Afia. Virgil, 
 Tima'vus, a river of Friuli,, in Italy. Virgil. 
 Tlphis, the pilot of the fnip Argo, in the Argo- 
 nautic expedition. 
 
 Tire'SIas, a famous foothfayer, wdio, feeing two 
 ferpents joined together on mount Cytheron, killed 
 the female, and was immediately changed into a 
 woman y feven years afterwards he found two 
 other ferpents in the fame manner, and killing the 
 . male, he became a man as before. Jupiter and 
 Juno one day difpuiing which had the moft plea- 
 y lure 
 
ifure tie man or the woman, they appealed t6 Tl- 
 refias,^who gave it in favour of the men j how- 
 ever he added, that the women had the greateft 
 fenfibility. Jup^iter, as a reward, endued him with a 
 faculty of foretelling things to come» He after- 
 wards happening to fee Pallas while (he was drefT- 
 ing herfeif, he was inftantly ftruck blind. Hornetm 
 O^id, 
 
 Tisi'phonEi one of the Furies, whofe head was 
 covered with dangling fnake? inftead of hair. She 
 was placed day and night at the gate of Tartarus, 
 where (he never dept. 0<vid, 
 
 Titan, the fon of Coelum and Vefta, or, as others 
 fay, Terra, and the elder brother of Saturn. He 
 made war againft his brother and conquered him, 
 but was afterwards vanquirtied by Jupiter, his bro^ 
 ther’s fon, who thereupon releafed his father : but 
 Saturn afterwards plotting againit Jupitei'’s life, 
 he dethroned him, and took poffedion of his king- 
 dom. 
 
 Titans, the Tons of Titan, or, as others fay, of Sa- 
 turn, who made war againft Jupiter, but were fub- 
 dued by him. Horace. 
 
 Titho'nus, the brother, or, as others fay, the fon of 
 Laomedoii. He was Co haisdfbme that Aurora fell 
 in love with him, and made him immortal j but 
 could not take from him the inconvenience of old- 
 age, for wh)cb reafon he defired to be turned into 
 a grafshopper. Horace, t^irgil, 
 
 Ti'tyus, the fon of Terra, or, according to fome, 
 of Jupiter and Tiara, a vaft giant whom Jupiter 
 ftruck with a thunderbolt, for endeavouring to ra- 
 vifti Latona ; others fay he was killed by Apollo. 
 He was fent to hell, where he covered nine acres 
 of land when ftretched out on the ground. There 
 were vultures on each ftde of him, which devoured 
 kis entrails as faft as they grew. VirgiL Horner^ 
 
T R 
 
 Tomos, a town of Pontus, to which Ovid was ba- 
 ni filed. O'Vid. 
 
 Trachin, a city of ThefTaly, built by Hercules. 
 O^vid. JSletam. 
 
 Trina'cria, the ifland of Sicily, fo called from its 
 being of a triangular form. Firgil, 
 
 Trjpod, a flool confiftirg of three feet, on which 
 the pritlfs and ptidlefTes of Apollo uttered their 
 or cles ; it was covered by Apollo with the fkin 
 of the ferpent Python, and hence the prieflefs was 
 called Py'ho.nifl'21. 
 
 Tripto'lemus, fon of Coeluin and Eleufina Ke 
 was fent through the air by Ceres, to teach the 
 people of every country to plow and fow, becaufe- 
 his father had kindly enrert'nned her when fhe 
 was in fearch of her daughter Preferpine, O^id, 
 Me tarn, 
 
 Triton, a fes god, the fon of Neptune and Am- 
 phitrite. He made ufc of the trumpet of Nep- 
 tune, which was, in reality, nothing Hut a fhell or 
 conque in the form of a trumpet, ^^he upper part 
 of his body was like a man, an.d the lower like a 
 fifh. Moft of the fea gods are c? .ed Tritons. 
 
 Tri'via, a name of Diana, beca^ife fhe is faid to 
 have three faces, Luna in heaven, Diana in earth, 
 and Hec’ate in hell : others fay, 'twas becaufe fhe 
 prefided over the Trivia:-, or highways, 
 
 Troas, a country in Leflcr Afia, near the Helle- 
 fpont. 
 
 TPvO'ilus, the fon of Priam and Hecuba. Horace* 
 
 Tros, the fon of Eri^ihonus, the father of AfTa- 
 racus and Ilusj the third king of Phrygia, which 
 was from him called Troy. 
 
 Troy, a famous city of Phrygia, the richeft in the 
 univerfec PariS: fon of Priam, king of this coun- 
 tiy, having run away with Helen, the wife of Me- 
 nelaus, was the caufe of ts ruin. This city was 
 befieged by the Greeks during ten years, and was 
 Y a taken 
 
T Y 
 
 taken by means of a great wooden tiorfe which 
 PalJas had advifed the Greeks to conftru61, and 
 in which they had (hut up armed men^ The Gre- 
 cians made a feint of retiring, and the Trojans 
 made a breach in the wall to let in the horfe. In 
 the night-time the foldiers came out, and upon a 
 iignal fet fire to the city in divers places, upon 
 which the Grecians returned, and the city was 
 lacked and burnt. Homer, Virgil, O^id, 
 
 Truth, a goddefs, daughter of Saturn and Time, 
 and the mother of Virtue j reprefented as a virgin 
 clad in a white robe, 
 
 Turnus, a king of the Rutilians, to whom Lavi- 
 nia was promifed. He was killed by j®neas in a 
 fingle combat. Virgil, 
 
 Ty 'deus, the Ton of OEneus, king of Calidonia, 
 and Periboea, and father of Diomedes. He was 
 a man of great valour, but of fmall ftature. Sia- 
 tius, Virgil. 
 
 Tynd A'RID^, the fons of Tyndarus, which were 
 Caftor and Pollux. Ovid, Metam, 
 
 Tynda/ris, a name of Helen, becaufe fiie was 
 daughter of Tyndarus, a king of the Lacede- 
 monians, the hulband of Leda, with whom Jupiter 
 converfed in the form of a fwan. Ovid, Homer, 
 
 TTPHiE'us, a monftroiis giant, fon of Titan and 
 Terra, whom Jupiter (truck dead with a thunder- 
 bolt, and laid him under mount .^tna. Homer, 
 Virgil, Ovid Pindar. 
 
 Typhon, one of the giants who attempted to climb 
 into heaven. He was the Ton of Terra, and was 
 conceived by the (troke of Juno’s hand, becaule 
 (he was grieved that Jupiter had conceived Mi- 
 nerva without her afiiftance. Homer. Ovid. 
 
 Tyre, a very ancient and famous city of Phoeni- 
 cia, built by Agenor in an ifiand near the land. 
 
V E 
 
 It VMS taken by Alexander, after a Hege of fcvca 
 months. 
 
 Tyro, a TheflTalian virgin, who fell in love yvith the 
 river -^^nipeus i whereupon Neptune afluming the 
 form of that river, begat gn her Neleus and Pe- 
 lias. O'vid. Propertius* 
 
 Tyrrhe'nia, the fame country as Etruria, or Tuf- 
 cany. 
 
 V. 
 
 V ACU'NA, a goddefs of reft and eafe, worfhlp- 
 ped by the Romans, to whom the hufbandmen 
 facrificed after harveft. Pliny. O^id* 
 Vagita'nus, the god who prefided over the crying 
 of infants, and whofe image is that of a weeping 
 child. 
 
 Uca'legon*, a noble and prudent Trojan, who, be- 
 ing old, was fet to keep the gate of the city, 
 mer. 
 
 Ve'jovis, the name of young Jupiter, without a 
 beard or thunderbolt. O^id. 
 
 Veni'lia, the filter of Amata, the wife of Latinus. 
 FirgiL 
 
 Venus, the daughter of Coelum and Terra, or, ac- 
 cording to others, of Oceanus. Some fay that 
 Saturn was the author of her birth, and that fhe 
 was foiTned of the froth of the fea j though o- 
 thers pretend ftie was daughter of Jupiter and Di- 
 one. However, there is no doubt but there were 
 feverai Venus’s, though all their a6lions are at- 
 tributed to one alone. But be that as it will, 
 foon after ftie was born, fhe was carried by the 
 Horae with pomp into heaven, where all the gods, 
 feeing her fo handfome, were deftrous of marry- 
 y 3 , iag 
 
V E 
 
 her, and called h^r the goddefs of love.. She 
 fell to the lot of Vulcan. This goddefs ddpifng 
 }ier biafb^nd on account of his haughtinefs, had a 
 great many lovers, and ainonglt the re/1 Mars,' 
 'with whom Vulcan furprifed.her, and furrounded 
 her by an invifible net, and called all the cods to 
 be witnefTes, 'who only laughed at him for his 
 pains. She was great with Anchifes, a Trojan 
 prince, by whom fhe had ^neas, and prevailed 
 tipon Vulcan to make him a fer of armour when 
 that prince went to lay the foundation of a new 
 empire in Italy. She was very fond of Adonis, 
 and it is faid that flie had Cupid by Mars. She 
 bad a girdle called Ceftiis, in v.'bich the graces, 
 the fmiles, fports, pleafures, and attradlions, made 
 their abode. Paris, before whom (lie took off thi? 
 girdle, to (hew him all her beauties, gave her the 
 golden apple that Juno and PaHas claimed for ihem- 
 felves, :^nd which Difcord had thrown upon the 
 ^able at the nuptials of Thetis and Pcleus. She 
 prefided ovef all forts of pleafures, and her felii- 
 yals were celebrated with all kinds of debauche- 
 ry. She had temples almoft every where, but- the 
 irjoft fuperb were at Amathas, Leibos, Paphos, 
 Cnidus, Cytherea, and Cyprus. She was dthious 
 pf having a dove confecrated to her honour, on 
 accoun- of the nymyh Periifera, who siTilled her 
 in ga htrjng of flowers when the w’on the wager 
 from Cup d. She is reprefented iu a chariot drawn 
 by dove?, in company with her Ton Cupid, and 
 fornetimes by fwans. Homer, 
 
 VERTuViHUS, a god woilhipped by the Romans, 
 under leveral iliapes, and who was Aid to pre- 
 fide over the fpring* vv^s very fopd of po- 
 
 ^ona, and afi'umed the /hape of an old woman, 
 lo peifuade her to yield to his defiies, and then 
 
V I 
 
 vanced in years, he becanje young again, and 
 Jikewi e reftoif’d the youth of Pomona. He had 
 a temple at Rojuc, Ticar the place where the mer- 
 chatiti alT mbled j for h</ was looked upon as the 
 tutelary god of merchants. There wr^ a fellival 
 celebrated to his honour j and he was reprefcnltd 
 under the figure <d a young jiran with a crown 
 of different forts of heibs on his bead, and a gar- 
 ment that but half covered him j he had <lifFtrent 
 forts of fruit in h;s left hand, and in Ids right the 
 horn of plenty. The commentators upon Ovid 
 tell us, that he was an ancient king of Etruria, 
 and that for his fkill in the cultivation of gardens 
 and orchards he was ranked with the gods after 
 his death. Prpr^e-^tuts. O'Vid. 
 
 Vesta, whom fome authors take to he Cybele, 
 becaiife die was the godJefs of fire j others think 
 there were two Veda's, one the wife of Coelum, 
 and the other of Saturn. None but virgins were 
 permitted to celebrate her myileries, and their 
 principal care was never to let the fire of the lamps 
 go out in her temples. Whenever that happen- 
 ed, or they fufFered themfelves to be debauched, 
 they were buried ajive, Thefe virgins were called 
 Vedals. 
 
 Via'les, deities who prefided ov^er the highways, 
 among v/hom Mercury had the firft rank. 
 
 Vic tims. Thefe v^ere the facrifices they offered to 
 the gods. 
 
 Vi'cTOR Y, an allegorical deity, faid to be the daugh- 
 ter of Coelum and 7'erra 5 according to Hefiod, of 
 StNX and Pallas. She is reprefenteci like a chear- 
 ful young virgin with wings, holding in one hand 
 a garland of ' live and laurel, and in ti)e other a 
 branch of palm. 
 
 Virgil, the prince of Latin poets, born at Mantua^ 
 jOx the confulate of Pompey and Craffus, whole 
 works every where known. 
 
 yZRTUS, 
 
U L 
 
 ViRTUB, a goddefs wor/hipped by the Romans. 
 Through her temple was the only paffage to that 
 of Honour. 
 
 Uly sses, king of the ifle of Ithaca, Ton of Laer- 
 tes and Anticlea. He counterfeited madnefs to 
 avoid going to the fiege of Troy , but Palamedes, 
 to try whether he really was out of his fenfes or 
 not, placed his fon Telemachus, yet a child, before 
 a plow drawn by oxen. UlyQes, being afraid his 
 fon fhould be hurt, lifted up the plow and difco- 
 vered the feint. He did great ferviceto the Greeks, 
 by his -prudence and fubtlety. It was he that dif- 
 covered Achilles when he was difguifed in wo- 
 man's deaths, by placing armour and jewels be- 
 fore him, when he could not forbear admiring 
 the former. He carried away the Palladium with 
 Diomedes, and was one of thofe that were fhut 
 up in the wooden horfe. In return to Ithaca, he 
 met wdth feveral dangers, both by fea and land, 
 and ftruggled with his adverfe fortune for ten 
 years together. He was fh«pwrecked on the ifland 
 of Girce, v/here he was detained, and had a fon 
 by her, named Telegonus. To keep him the 
 longer, (he changed all his companions into wild 
 beads 5 but at length he got away, and was fhip- 
 vvrecked again on the ifland of Calypfo, who de- 
 tained him for fome time. After this, his veflfel 
 broke to pieces near the ifland of the Cyclops, 
 v/here Polyphemus devoured four of his compani- 
 ons, and fhut up him and the refl in a cave, from 
 whence he luckily got out. By his prudence, he 
 avoided the charms of the Sjrens ; and when he 
 left .^olia, iEoius, as a fign of his good-wiil, 
 gave him certain fkins, w'herein the winds were 
 incloled ; but his companions opening them out of 
 curiofity, they made their efcape, whence terrible 
 diforders enfued. The florm caft UlyfTes on the 
 of Africa, when he was near his «wn coun- 
 
U R 
 
 try. He was HiipwreclceJ for fhe lad time near 
 Ithaca, lod his vefiels and companions, and was 
 ptved upon a plank. When he entered his own 
 ifland nooody knew him, and l)e placed himfelf 
 amongft Penelope's fultors, who were about to 
 bend a certain bow, and the (Irongeft was to mar- 
 ry Penelope } he gained the prize without dil'co- 
 vering himfelf, and killed all his rivals. Some 
 time after he yielded up the crown to Telema- 
 chus, becaufe the Oracle had told him he diould 
 die by the hand of his own fon. In effe 6 I, he was 
 killed by Tele^onus, whom he had by Circe. Ho^ 
 mer^ Virgil, 
 
 Ura'nia, one of the nine Miifes, who prefided over 
 aftronomy. She was reprefented under the figure 
 of a young maid in azure robes, crowned with 
 ftars, holding a globe in both her hands, and 
 round her were feveral mathematical inftruments, 
 
 Ura'nus, was the hid king of the Atlantii, a 
 people that dwelt at the foot of Mount Atlas in 
 Africa, on the European fide. They were, ac- 
 cording to Diodorus, the politeft people in all 
 Africa ; and they pretended that the gods were 
 born among them, as alfo that Uranus was their 
 king. This prince colIe 6 led the people together 
 that before were fcattered in the fields, and ca-ufed 
 then\to forfake that irregular and brutal life they 
 bad formerly led. He taught them the ufe of 
 fruits, as well as the manner of preferving them ; 
 and he communicated fevoral ufeful inventions. 
 He was a careful obferver of the ftars, and deter- 
 mined their revolutions 5 he meafured the year 
 by the courfe of the fon, and the months by that 
 of the moon ; he alfo marked out the beginning 
 and the end of the feafons. As the people were 
 
 -altogether ignorant of thefe things, they were 
 greatly furprifed wiih the certainty of his pre- 
 5i61ions, and thought his nature was more than 
 
 human 5 
 
X E 
 
 human ; for which reafon, they paid him divine 
 honours. It is faid that Uranus had forty- five 
 children by fevcral wives, and, among others, 
 eighteen by Titia 5 the principal of which were 
 Titan, Saturn, and Oceanus. Thefe revolted a- 
 gainft their father ; and Saturn performed an ope- 
 ration which prevented him from having any 
 more children, upon which Uranus died with 
 giief, 
 
 Vulcan, the fon of Jupiter and Juno, or of Juno 
 alone, as Hefiod tells us. He was extremely ugly 
 and ill-made from his very birth. Jupiter, being 
 angry with him, kicked him out of heaven, and 
 he was falling from morning till funrfet j when 
 at laft he reached the ifie of Lemnos, with a broken 
 leg, and was very much difpirited* He made the 
 thunderbolts of Jupiter, and his fervants were the 
 Cyclops. He was the huiband of Venus. Ovid* 
 Vtrgil. Homer. 
 
 VuLTu RNus, one of the winds which blows very 
 
 X. 
 
 ANTHUS, one of the immortal horfes of 
 . Achilles. This hero reproaching him for hav- 
 ing left Patroclus on the field of battle full of 
 wounds ; the horfe was fenfible of the charge, 
 turned his head, and foretold the hour of his ap- 
 proaching death, which was appointed by deftiny, 
 and could not be prevented by the aclivity of any 
 horfe. 
 
 X^noclji'a, a priefiefs of Delphos, who, when 
 Hei culcs came to confult the Oracle of Apollo, 
 would nO' give any anfwer, becaufe his hands were 
 yet ftained with the blood of Iphiphus, whom he 
 
 had 
 
Z E 
 
 had juft flaln. Hercules, offended at his refufalli 
 took away the tripod of the prieftefs, and would 
 not confent to deliver it back till he had received 
 fatista6lion. Hence, according to Paufanias, tho 
 poets derive the fi61ion that Hercules fought Apol-*, 
 
 ETHYRlTS, the weft wind and one of the 
 
 four principal. He was the Ton of ^olus and 
 Aurora, and breathed fuch gentle breezes, and 
 yet fo powerful, that he gave life to the trees and 
 fruits. He was very fond of Flora and Cloris, 
 who were his wives, and by whom he had i'everal 
 children. He is reprefented like a young man with 
 a ferene countenance, and crowned with ail forts 
 of flowers. 
 
 Zetkes, the Ton of Boreas and Orythia, and bro- 
 ther of Celais, who had wings, and were fent ta 
 purfue the Harpies. Ovid, Meia?n, 
 
 2^etus, or Zethus, the Ton of ‘Jupiter and Anti- 
 ope. When Lycus, king of Thebes, magrried An- 
 tiope, he thought fhe had an amour with Epaphus, 
 and divorced her to marry Dirce. Jupiter then 
 vifited Antiope in the fhape of Lycos, and made 
 up the difference. Dirce thought that LycUs had 
 been really reconciled, and imprifoned this lady, 
 caufing her to undergo a great many hard fhips ; 
 but at laft fhe made her efcape, and was delivered 
 of Zelus and Amphion, whom fhe put into thei 
 hands of fliepherds to be brought up. Thefef 
 princes, afterwards coming to know the misfor- 
 tunes of their mother, faftened Dirce to the tail o£ 
 a mad bull, by which fhe vvas torn to J)ieces. 
 
 io for a tripod. 
 
 z 
 
z o 
 
 Zo'iLUS, a fnarllng critic, who harped at tbc beft 
 writings of his time, and particularly Homer. 
 
 2ToDiACy a circle in the heavens in which the fun 
 and dars always move. It is divided into twelve 
 parts or conftellations, called figns, whofe names 
 are Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Vii^o, 
 Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, 
 and Pifces. 
 
 Zones, are parts of the terreftrial^lobe ; they are 
 five in number, and are determined by the two 
 Tropics and the two Polar Circles. The word 
 in Greek iignifies a girdle, and they have different 
 names, according to the temperature to which their 
 fituation fubje^ls them, and according to the dif- 
 ferent degrees of heat and cold. There is onetorrid, 
 two temperate, and two frozen. The torrid Zone, 
 is in the middle of the relf, and the frozen or fri- 
 gid Zones are at the extremitjes. The torrid, or 
 burning Zone, is comprehended between the two 
 ■Tropics, and it is divided by the Equator into two 
 equal parts. The temperate Zones are compre- 
 hended between the Tropics and Polar Circles 5 
 and that between the Tropic of Cancer and Circle 
 of the Ar6fic Pole is called the Northern, but that 
 between the Tropic of Capiicorn and the An- 
 tarctic Circle is called the -Southern. Thefe Zones 
 are called temperate, becaufe they are placed be- 
 tween the Torrid and the Frigid. The Frigid 
 Zones lie between the Polar Circles and the 
 Poles, and they are called frigid or frozen, becaufe 
 the greatefc part of them are covered with froft 
 and fnow throughout the year. 
 

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