EX BIBLIOTHECA 
 FRANCES A. YATES 
 
JtonDon: C. J. CLAY and SONS, 
 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE, 
 AVE MARIA LANE. 
 Slasgofo: 50, WELLINGTON STREET. 
 
 !Lctp>tg: F. A. BROCKHAUS. 
 £eb) }gorfc: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. 
 Bombay: E. SEYMOUR HALE. 
 
f itt fjwss Stras. 
 
 THE 
 
 PLUTUS OF ARISTOPHANES 
 
 /X A 
 
First Edition 1 88 1 . 
 Reprinted 1886, 1887, 1889, 1892, 1893, 1898, 1901. 
 
INTRODUCTION TO THE PLUTUS. 
 
 The Plulus was exhibited in the archonship of Antipater, 
 that is to say B. c. 388 ; being the last play that Aristophanes 
 produced in his own name. For his two remaining plays, the 
 Aeolosicon and Cocalus, were put forth through Araros one of 
 his sons, whom he wished thus to introduce to the Athenian 
 public. 
 
 Thus much we learn from the writer of one of the Greek 
 arguments. But a Scholiast tells us that there were two plays 
 of Aristophanes bearing this name; and that the first Plutus 
 was exhibited in the archonship of Diocles (b. c. 408). From 
 this first Plutus a line (not in our play) is quoted by the Scholiast 
 on Ran. 1093: on L 115 of our play the Scholiast gives an 
 alteration made (as he says) in the second Plutus ; and lines 
 173, 1 146 are noticed as necessarily belonging to the later play. 
 This Scholiast evidently supposes the play which he is an- 
 notating to be substantially the first Plutus; into which lines 
 173, 1 146, which must belong to the later play, have been 
 transferred. 
 
 But the more general and better conclusion is that the play 
 which we have is the second Plutus. The whole character of 
 the play, the absence of choric interludes and personalities, are 
 a mark of the later time : the historical references are thus 
 correct and natural. Indeed there is nothing of which we could 
 positively assert that it was not in the second Plutus. For 
 though in lines 174, 303, 314 persons are mentioned by name, 
 they are of no great note, we are not sure that they were still 
 living, nor is the satire on them so bitter that it must have 
 provoked the penalty of the law against personalities. Or, if 
 some few lines be thought to have belonged to the earlier, but 
 probably not to the later play, they may as easily have been in- 
 
vi 
 
 INTR OD UCTION 
 
 serted by copyists remembering the earlier play as vice versa. 
 And if there be any truth in the proverb that Second thoughts 
 are best' we shall surely judge our line 115 ravrrjs dnaWd^eiv 
 ere rfjs 64>0a\fiias to be later than the weak substitute given by 
 the Scholiast rfjs av^Kpopas Tavrrj? cre rravcreiu rjs *X €LS ' 
 
 Be it then assumed that our Plutus is the later play: 'a 
 refashionment of an earlier work of Aristophanes/ as Donaldson 
 calls it : though how far the two plays differed we do not know ; 
 they may have been substantially the same. 
 
 It appears however nearly certain that there were interludes 
 of the Chorus in the First Plutus, which we have not in ours : 
 and in such parts and elsewhere there was probably personal 
 satire which in the later edition was omitted. For we know 
 that the licence of Comedy had now been abridged by law : as 
 Horace says, 'Chorus turpiter obticuit sublato jure nocendi. > 
 In fact the Plutus, with the Ecclesiazusae, belongs to what 
 Meineke calls the third age of Aristophanic poetry. Athens was 
 conquered and humbled by the issue of the Peloponnesian war. 
 Her leading position and liberty were lost. Comedy, as Aris- 
 tophanes had originally conceived it — where the comic poet was 
 to be the frank and fearless adviser of the State, reprover of 
 mistaken policy, exposer of trickery and vice even in high 
 places, roundly abusing his countrymen for their own good (see 
 the Parabasis of the Acharnians) — comedy of this kind could 
 no longer exist. With the greatness of the country had fallen 
 the greatness of the poet's office. Not only by law was the 
 Chorus silenced or restricted ; but also poverty in place of 
 wealth made it impossible to put plays on the stage with the old 
 splendour. Aristophanes therefore of necessity conforms to the 
 times : and though there are sparkles of his old wit, the general 
 character of language is tamer. With the old bitterness is gone 
 much of the old vigour. 
 
 The Plutus therefore may be ranked as belonging to Middle 
 Comedy (if there be any definite Middle Comedy) ; at all events 
 to the time of transition from the Old to the New. It deals not 
 with political but private life : with the general question of the 
 distribution of riches in the world, with the question whether 
 
TO THE PLUTUS. 
 
 vii 
 
 riches or poverty do most good. This question is solved by 
 bringing on the stage the god of Wealth, restoring him to sight, 
 and describing the consequences, when riches were now redis- 
 tributed according to his and Chremylus' ideas of merit. For a 
 sketch of the play one can hardly do better than reproduce that 
 given by Addison in No. 464 of The Spectator. He calls it * a 
 very pretty allegory which is wrought into a play by Aristophanes 
 the Greek Comedian.' 
 
 'Chremylus, who was an old and a good man, and withal 
 exceeding poor, being desirous to leave some riches to his son, 
 consults the oracle of Apollo upon the subject. The oracle bid 
 him follow the first man he should see upon his going out of 
 the temple. The person he chanced to see was to appearance 
 an old sordid blind man, but, upon his following him from place 
 to place, he at last found, by his own confession, that he was 
 Plutus the god of riches, and that he was just come out of the 
 house of a miser. Plutus further told him that when he was a 
 boy he used to declare that as soon as he came to age he would 
 distribute wealth to none but virtuous and just men; upon 
 which Jupiter, considering the pernicious consequences of such 
 a resolution, took his sight away from him, and left him to 
 stroll about the world in the blind condition wherein Chremylus 
 beheld him. With much ado Chremylus prevailed upon him to 
 go to his house ; where he met an old woman in a tattered 
 raiment, who had been his guest for many years, and whose 
 name was Poverty. The old woman refusing to turn out so 
 easily as he would have her, he threatened to banish her, not 
 only from his house, but out of all Greece, if she made any 
 more words upon the matter. Poverty on this occasion pleads 
 her cause very notably, and represents to her old landlord that, 
 should she be driven out of the country, all their trades arts and 
 sciences would be driven out with her; and that, if every one 
 was rich, they would never be supplied with those pomps, orna- 
 ments and conveniences of life which make riches desirable. 
 She likewise represented to him the several advantages which 
 she bestowed upon her votaries, in regard to their shape, their 
 health, and their activity, by preserving them from gouts, drop- 
 
viii 
 
 INTR OD UCTION 
 
 sies, unwieldiness and intemperance ; but whatever she had to 
 say for herself she was at last forced to troop off. Chremylus 
 immediately considered how he might restore Plutus to his 
 sight; and in order to it, conveyed him to the temple of 
 Aesculapius, who was famous for cures and miracles of this 
 nature. By this means the deity recovered his eyes, and began 
 to make a right use of them, by enriching every one that was 
 distinguished by piety towards the gods and justice towards 
 men ; and at the same time by taking away his gifts from the 
 impious and undeserving. This produces several merry inci- 
 dents, till, in the very last act, Mercury descends with great 
 complaints from the gods that, since the good men were grown 
 rich, they had received no sacrifices ; which is confirmed by a 
 priest of Jupiter, who enters with a remonstrance that since the 
 late innovation he was reduced to a starving condition, and 
 could not live upon his office. Chremylus, who in the beginning 
 of the play was religious in his poverty, concludes it with a 
 proposal, which was relished by all the good men who were 
 now grown rich as well as himselfj that they should carry 
 Plutus in a solemn procession to the temple, and instal him in 
 the place of Jupiter. 5 
 
 'This allegory instructed the Athenians in two points ; first, 
 as it vindicated the conduct of Providence in its ordinary dis- 
 tributions of wealth ; and, in the next place, as it showed the 
 great tendency of riches to corrupt the morals of those who 
 possessed them.' 
 
 While appreciating Addison's elegant sketch of the allegory, 
 we shall not entirely agree with him as to its drift : the lesson 
 intended by Aristophanes cannot have been exactly as he says. 
 
 In the first place, Aristophanes cannot have meant to show 
 that the distribution of wealth at Athens was the best possible, 
 or that it was absolutely better for good and honest men to be 
 poor. We cannot suppose that the restoration of Plutus to 
 sight and the re-distribution of riches by merit — i.e. the whole 
 action of the play — is meant to be an elaborate mistake. From 
 the analogy of all his plays our poet must be believed, in the 
 main, to sympathize with those who are victorious in the end. 
 
TO THE PLUTUS. 
 
 ix 
 
 For instance, in the Peace the recovery of the goddess Peace 
 was really to the poet, as well as to his characters, a desired 
 end : so also in the Acharnians the truce, in the Frogs the 
 return of Aeschylus. Therefore in this play that toward which 
 the main action is directed, giving sight to Plutus, must be 
 a wish of the poet as well as of Chremylus. One cannot doubt 
 that Aristophanes meant not to approve, but to complain of, 
 the present distribution of riches, at least at Athens : that he 
 thought they fell to the undeserving : that he meant a sort of 
 regretful lament over old times when better men prospered. 
 
 And secondly, as regards the comparative effects of riches 
 and poverty, though he admires the thrift and hardy virtue of 
 old times as contrasted with the corruptions of luxury, yet he 
 would naturally defend plenty and wealth ; for he would regard 
 them as characteristics of the old times, and as an indispensable 
 aid to old Comedy, in contrast with the present humiliation of 
 his country and the degradation of the comic poet's office. The 
 two lessons therefore of the allegory are not simply 'the vindi- 
 cation of Providence in its ordinary distributions of wealth' 
 and ' the tendency of riches to corrupt.' At the same time we 
 may own that these two lessons do in some sort appear, at least 
 to us. The whole impression left on us is not that Plutus' 
 recovery is a signal success. Though certain impostors and 
 worthless fellows are disgraced, no very noble results seem 
 likely to follow. And again, Poverty in her pleading with 
 Chremylus has undoubtedly the best of the argument : indeed 
 Chremylus can only end by saying that ' he wo'nt be convinced ' 
 (1. 600). And it was inevitable that Aristophanes, in working 
 out these arguments, should see that poverty was the spur to 
 exertion, that unequal distribution of wealth was a good and 
 necessary thing. But in behalf of Wealth, and against Poverty, 
 it might have been argued with some force that men work to 
 win wealth as much as to escape poverty ; that, where some 
 must win, it would be better that the winners should be the 
 worthier. But that men are made worthier by having to work 
 in order to win, while the very fact of having won wealth often 
 tends to make them less worthy, is a truth to which Aristo- 
 
INTRODUCTION TO THE PLUTUS. 
 
 phanes was not blind ; and still less can we be so. Work done 
 on the way to an end is often more valuable to the worker than 
 the end itself. But after all we are not concerned to prove 
 Aristophanes absolutely consistent, or the allegory of the Plutus 
 perfect. The poet saw many anomalies, and much unfairness, 
 in the distribution of wealth at Athens in his time. These he 
 wished to point out, and, in imagination, to set matters to rights. 
 An amusing way of doing so seemed to be by restoring to sight 
 Plutus, proverbially blind. Some of the real advantages and 
 uses of poverty are brought out by the way ; and the results of 
 Plutus' and Chremylus' new arrangements are not very grand : 
 for Chremylus is no very high type of character, nor intended 
 by Aristophanes to be so. But the idea gave opportunity (as 
 Addison says) 'for many merry incidents' : and we must not 
 forget that to amuse — always one chief object of comedy — was 
 now more than ever so, when serious personal satire and political 
 teaching was no longer possible. 
 
 Meineke notices that 4 in this play throughout the gods are 
 severely handled, so that we can perceive that the old reverence 
 for them had passed away, even among men with pretensions to 
 goodness.' There is much ridicule of the gods also in the 
 Frogs and Birds, though in a playful vein. Yet it is rather 
 the tricks of priestcraft and superstition (which may have been 
 gaining ground) than the serious part of religion that our poet 
 attacks. Zeus indeed is made to give place to Plutus at the 
 end of the play : but then the priest of Zeus has already lowered 
 his deity by representing him as only anxious for his perquisites. 
 We need not blame Aristophanes over much for seeing through 
 and exposing the impostures and absurdities of his national 
 theology. 
 
 The Plutus has a more copious body of Scholia than any 
 other play of Aristophanes; and (as a consequence probably 
 of this) has been very fully annotated by the learned scholars 
 of old. The actual difficulties of the play, whether of language 
 or allusion, do not need long notes. And as to its interest and 
 merit most will now agree with Meineke in classing it far below 
 our poet's earlier plays. 
 
TABLE OF THE HEADINGS OF DINDORF'S AND 
 M El N EKES TEXTS. 
 
 
 DINDORF. 
 
 '7- 
 
 diroKpivop.e'vip 
 
 37- 
 
 ,u7}de £v 
 
 45- 
 
 ^VvLt]S 
 
 46. 
 
 (ppdfovarav 
 
 49- 
 
 (TVfKpipOV 
 
 56. 
 
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 78-79. XP. U)...II\0VT0S U3V 
 
 80. 
 
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 8l. 
 
 XP. (^^^"AwoWov 
 
 98. 
 
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 IO5. 
 
 €p,eXkeT0J> 
 
 130. 
 
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 162-167. Chremyli sunt 
 
 170-179. Carionis sunt 
 
 197. 
 
 avr(p 
 
 208. 
 
 vvv 
 
 2 11. 
 
 dpdffai 
 
 217. 
 
 /cdV 5rj 
 
 237- 
 
 eis 
 
 244. 
 
 
 258. 
 
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 271. 
 
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 286. 
 
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 287. 
 
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 296. 
 
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 301. 
 
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 335. 
 
 tL dv ovv rb irpdyix elrj ; irbdev 
 
 338. 
 
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 361. 
 
 TOLOVTO. BA. 0tU 
 
 362. 
 
 
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 dwoKpivbpevos 
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 XP. (TV IIXOUTOS 
 
 Chremyli est 
 eopa/c' iyCo 
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 elv at 
 
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 tL to irpdypC dv etr) kcli irodev ; 
 ev 
 
 TOLOVTOVL 
 
 BA. <pev' d>s 
 
xii BIND ORE'S AND MEINEKE 'S TEXTS. 
 
 
 DINDORF. 
 
 MEINEKE. 
 
 308. 
 
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 iirLOrjXov ort ireTrcivovpyTjKi ti 
 
 375- 
 
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DINDORFS AND MEINEKE ' S TEXTS, xiii 
 
 DINDORF. 
 
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 946. Kal 
 
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 993. o^xt *w £0' 
 
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 iradtov 
 ws 
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 tovvtols, 7rXaTT€t 7Tp€crl3vTrjv Tivd yttapyov XpefxvXov rowop, 
 
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 AtoXoo-tKCDva. 
 
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HAOTTOS. 11 
 
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IIAOTTOS. 13 
 
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 ovtco 7ro\v(p6pa) crvyfce/cpafiai Balpuovi. 
 
IIAOTTOS. 35 
 
 KA. "AttoWov airoTpoiraie. kcli Oeol (j>(XoL y 
 
 tL ttot ionv 6 ri ireirovQev avdpcoiros kclkov ; 855 
 
 ST. ov yap oyerXia irerrrovQa vvvl Trpcvy/jLara, 
 air oXcoXe /coos airavra rate rrjs ol/cia? 
 Bid rov Oebv tovtov, rov ioopevov rv(f>Xov 
 iraXiv avtfis, rjvirep pur) \Xl7Tcdoiv ai oUat\ 
 
 KA. iyeb o^eBbv to 7rpdyfia yiyv&oicetv So/coo. sgo 
 irpooep^erat yap ris /ca/cc5? irparrcov dvrjp, 
 eoiice S' elvai rov 7rovrjpov Ko/jb/juaro^. 
 
 AI. vr) A/a, icaXoos toLvvv iroi&v airoXXvTai. 
 
 ST. 7rov ttov *o0' 6 fiovos diravras r)p,ds irXovoiovs 
 virooyop^evo^ ovtos iroir/oeiv ei)#ea)?, 8G5 
 el iraXiv dva^Xe^eiev if* dp^f}? ; 6 Se 
 7ro\v pbdXXov iviovs early ifzoXcoXetioos. 
 
 KA. /cal rLva SeSpafce Sfjra tovt ; ST. ipue tovtovl; 
 
 AI. rj tgov irovrjpcov rjoOa ical roi^copv^cov ; 
 
 ST. fid A/', ov /juev ovv eo9^ vyies v/jlgov ovSevbs, sio 
 Kovfc eo& 07ra)9 ovtc e^ere /jlov rd xprj/juara. 
 
 KA. aS? oofiapbs, go Adpiarep, eloeXrjXvOev 
 
 6 avtco(f>dvT7]<;. AI. SfjXov oil fiovXtpLLa. 
 
 ST. ov fiev eh dyopdv icov Ta^ea)? ovk dv <f>0dvoi<; ; 
 iirl rov rpo^ov yap oel a' ifcel orpefiXovpuevov 875 
 elirelv a ireiravovpyrjKa^. KA. olfiou^dpa ov. 
 
 AI. vr) tov Ala rov oodTrjpa, iroXXov y agio? 
 airaoi rot? "EiXXrjcnv 6 Oebs ovto<$> el 
 tovs ov/cocfrdvras iffoXei /ca/covs tca/coo?. 
 oifiot raXas* fioov teal ov ^puere^cov fcarayeXas ; sso 
 iirel irbQev Oolpbdrcov eiXrjcfras toSl; 
 i^Oes 8' eyovr elSov o* iyo) rpifiooviov. 
 
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36 APISTCXDANOTS 
 
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 ST. dp* Ol)% vfipW TOUT earl TToXkrj ; O-K007TT6T0P, 
 
 o ri Be rroielrov evOdK ovk elprjKarov. 
 
 ovk err dyad gj yap ivOdS* earbv ovhevL 
 KA. fjud rbv At" ovkovv r& ye aoo, ad$> taff* on. 
 ST. diro rSv e/jboov yap val fid A (a Sewrvrjaerov. 890 
 KA. o5? S?) V aXrjdeia ax) fiera rod jidprvpo? 
 
 Siappayeir/s, {irjBevo? y efirrXrjiievos. 
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 A ? A ? A ? »\ »\ * VV T 
 
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 KA. KatcoSatpbov, oacfopauvec n ; 
 
 AL rot) y\rv^ov<i y i<rco<t y 
 
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 ST. ravr ovv dvaayer earlv y oo Zev Kal 0eol, 
 rovrovs v/3pi%eiv ek eji ; oc/jl 00$ d%0ofjuat, 
 cri xprjo-rds gov Kal (joiXoTroXts irda^oo KaKoo?. 900 
 
 AI. av (foiXoTroXt,? Kal xprjaro? ; ST. tw? ovoek y dvrjp. 
 
 AL Kal fjurjv eirepoorrjOel^ drroKpivaL pot, ST. to rl; 
 
 AI. yeoopybs el ; ST. /neXay^oXav /a ovroos olei ; 
 
 AI. aXV efXTropos ; ST. z/at, aKYjirrofjuai y\ orav rv^oo. 
 
 AI. T* Sal ; Te%pr)i> rev efiaOes ; ST. oi) /ia top A/a. 
 
 AI. 7Tft)9 oup hiety]? r) rrbQev fMrjSev ttoigov; 906 
 tgop tj/9 rroXeoo? ei/i, e7n/jbe\7]Trj<; rrpayp^aroov 
 Kal rwv 18 loop irdvroov. AI. av ; t/ fiaOoov ; 
 
 ST. fiovXofiat,. 
 
 AL 7rr?9 ot)p el?;? xprjards, oo roiyvopvye, 
 
 el aol TrpoafjKov /jurjoev elr drre^Qdvei ; 910 
 
 ST. ov yap irpoay)Kei rrjv e^iavrov fioi, ttoXlv 
 evepyerelv, oo Keircfye, Ka0* oaov tip adev(o \ 
 
 AI. evepyerelv ovv eari rb TroXvirpayfiovelv ; 
 
IIAOTTOS. 
 
 ST. to fiev ovv fiorfOelv tois vofioi? to £9 Ketfievois 
 leal firj V it peireiv edv ti$ e^apbapravrj. 
 
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 AI. 6 fiovkofJLevos. 
 
 2,1. OVKOVV €K€lVO<; €lfJb €J(0. 
 
 OOCTT €69 ^/C€A T^9 7T 6Xeft>9 Ttt 7T pay flOTa, 
 
 AI. i>?) Ata, 7rov7]p6v rapa Trpoo-rdrrjv e^ei. 
 i/ceivo o° ov fiovXoi av, r)Gvylav e^cov 
 £r)v dpyos; 
 
 ST. dkXd 7rpo/3ariov ftcov Xeyets 
 
 el firj <f>avelrat SiaTptftr} ti$ tc5 /3/o>. 
 AI. ovS* av fjueTa/juddoLS ; 
 
 ST. ovS* av el Soltjs ye fioi 
 
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 AI. KardOov Ta^e&)9 Ool/judriov. KA. o5to9, crot XeY 
 
 AI. eireiO" viroXvcrai. KA. nrdvra ravra col XeyeL 
 
 ST. /eal ///>}i> 7rpoo~e\0eT(o 7rpo? e/^' u/icSz^ evOahl 
 6 /3ov\6/jl€vo<;. KA. ovkovv eK€Lvo<; elfju eyco. 
 
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 KA. o"i) yap d^iols raWorpia irpdrrcov ecrQleiv. 
 
 ST. 6pa9 a 7roie? ; ravr eyco pLaprvpofiai. 
 
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 KA. eireira ttov koXXlov dvareO^aeraL 
 
 77 irepl 7rov7jp6v av8pa Kal TOi^wpvyov ; 
 , UXovtov he Koa-fielv ifiartots aefivols irpeireL 
 
38 APl2TO(J>ANOT2 
 
 AI. Tofc S' efJb^ahio^ rl ^prjaeraL tls ; elire fioc. 
 
 KA. teal ravra irpbs rb fiercoTrop avriica Br) fidXa 
 coairep kotLpco irpoaTraTTaXevvoo TOVTOoL 
 
 ST. aireifii' yiypcoGKco jap rjTTcop cop iroXv 
 
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 eyco Troirjaco Trjfiepop Bovpai Bi/crjp, 
 ortrj fcara\v€C irepifyapcos eh cop fiopos 
 rrjp BrjfioKpaTiap, ovre ttjp /3ovXr)p ttl0oop 
 
 TTjP TCOP TTOXtTCOP OVT6 TTJP €KK\l)CTiaP. 930 
 
 AI. teal fjLtjp €7r€i8rj rrjp iraPonrXiap rrjp ifirjp 
 eyxop /3aBl£eL<;, 69 to ftaXapelop Tpe^e' 
 
 67T6LT €K€t fCOpV(j)aiO<; €(TT7]fC(b<; 0€pOV. 
 
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 KA. dXk! 6 fiaXapev? eX^ec 0vpa^ avrbp XajScop. 955 
 
 poo S' etaicofiep, wa nrpoaev^rj top 0e6p. 
 lr. ap , 00 (piXoL yepopres, eiri tv)p oikiop 
 
 d<f>Ly/jL€0' 6Wg>? tov peov TOVTOV 0€OV f 960 
 
 r) Tr)$ 6Bov to iraparrap r)fiapTr/Kafi€P ; 
 XO. a\V laO* €7r avTcLs t«9 0vpa$ dcfrtyfiepr), 
 
 co fietpa/cicrtcr)' irvpQdpei yap oopifccvs. 
 TP. <f>epe pvp eyco tcop epBo0ep KaXeaoo tipcl. 
 XP. fir) SrjT' eyco yap avTO<; i£eXr}Xv0a. 965 
 
 dXX* o tl fidXiaT eXr)Xv0a$ Xeyeip a e^prjp. 
 TP. 7T67rop0a Bewd ical irapdpofi go fyLXTaTe' 
 
 d<f> ov yap 6 060$ ovtos rjpgaro fiXeireiP, 
 
 dfiicoTOP elpat fiot ireirotr^ice top @iop. 
 
 XP. TL S 5 6GTLP ; r) 7T0V KOI 0~V CTVKO(j)dpTpLa 970 
 
 €P Tai<; yvpai^ip rjaua ; 1 Jr. fia At eyco fiep ov. 
 XP. dtf ov Xaxpva €7Tipe<; ev tS> ypdfifiaTi ; 
 TP. GKcoTTTei? eyco he Kara/cefCPLGfiat BetXd/cpa. 
 
IIAOTTOS. 39 
 
 XP. ovkovv 6/06^9 apvcraaa rbp KPiapubp riva ; 
 
 FP. a/cove vvv. r\v fjuoi n fieipaKiop (frcXop, 975 
 
 TT6VL^pOV fJL€V, ttA,\ft>9 S' eVTT pOGMTTOP Kal KaXbp 
 
 Kal xprjcnov' el yap rov oerjOelrjp eyco, 
 airavr eiroiet koct\xL(^ /not Kal koXgos' 
 eycu S' iiceLva) ravrd irdpS* virr/perovp. 
 
 XP. rt 8* rjv 6 rt gov fJbdXicTT ehelO* e/cdcTTore ; 980 
 
 TP. ov iroXkd' Kal yap e/cvofilcos /Jt r/ayypero. 
 dX)C dpyvptov hpa^/nds dp f/rr/o^ eiKoaiv 
 et9 ifjudriov, oktqj 8' dp et? virohr]/iara' 
 Kal rats d8eX(f)at<; dyopdaat ytjwptop 
 eKeXevaep dp, rfj ptrjrpt ff l/iarihtop' 985 
 7rvp(Sp t dp eSet')6r/ /jl€$i/jlvcop rerrdpcop. 
 
 XP. ov iroXXd tolpvp fjud top ' AttoXXco ravrd ye 
 eiprjxas, aX\d Sr/Xop arc cr r/ayvpero. 
 
 TP. Kal ravra rotpvp ovy epeKep pbiar/rta^ 
 
 airelp /Jt efyaoKep, dXXd (f)tXta<; ovveKa y 990 
 iv a rovfiov l/xdrtop (fropolp /le/ipf/ro /jlov. 
 
 XP. Xeyets epwvr dpOpawrop eKPo/iKorara. 
 
 TP. dXX* ovyi pvp 6 fioeXvpbs en rbp povp eyet 
 rbp avrop, dXXa ttoXv jieOearrjKep rrdpv. 
 ifjbov yap avra) rbp irXaKovpra rovropl 995. 
 Kal rdXXa rdrrl rov rrlvaKos rpayrj/iara 
 erropra ire/jf^rdar/^ virenrovcrr/s 6* on 
 €t9 eairepap rj^ot/jtt f XP. rt a eopaa ; eiire jjlol. 
 
 PP. d/jtr/ra Trpoaaireirefi'^rep tj/up rovropl 1 
 
 icfS a) r eKelae /jtrjSeiTore ja eXOetp en, 1000 
 Kal ?rpo9 enrl rovrot? elrrep drrorrepnroyp on 
 irdXat Tror rjaap aXKt/jtot M.tXrjo-tot. 
 
 XP. SrjXop on TOU9 rpoirov^ rt$ ov fioydr/pbs fjv. 
 eiretra rrXovroop ovKef? rjSerat <f>aKjj' 
 
40 API2TOcJ>ANOT2 
 
 ITpO TOV 8* V7TO TTjS TTevldS CL1TCLVT €7rr)Cr$t€V. 1005 
 
 TP. teal firjv irpb rov y oarj/juepav vrj tco 0eco 
 
 eirl Trjv Ovpav eficihu^ev del Trjv epurjv. 
 XP. eir exepopdv ; 
 
 TP. pud AT, dXXa Trjs (f>covrjs puovov 
 
 ipcov dfcovaat. XP. rov Xafielv puev ovv xdpiv. 
 
 TP. Kal vrj AC el XvTrovpbevrjv oXltQoito pie, 1010 
 vrjTTapiov dv Kal cf>dftiov vireKopl^eTO. 
 
 AJr. eireLT ccrcos yrrjar av eis viroor) fiara. 
 
 TP. fivcTTr) plots 8e to?9 pueydXois o^ovpuevrjv 
 €7rl rrjs dpLa^rjs otl Trpoae^Xe^ev pie tls, 
 ervTrTopiriv &td tov0* oXrjv Trjv r)puepav. 1015 
 ovtco acpoSpa tyfXoTVTros 6 veavlcrKOS r)v. - 
 
 XP. puovos yap rj8e6\ cos eoitcev, iaOlcov. 
 
 TP. Kal Tas ye ^elpas irayKaXovs fyeiv pu ecftrj. 
 
 XP. oirore irporeLvoiev ye Spa^puds ecKoacv. 
 
 TP. o^etv re rfj$ %po<z9 ecf>aaKev r)Bv fie, 1020 
 
 XP. el ®dcnov events, eiKOTcos ye vrj Ala. 
 
 TP, ravr ovv 6 Oebs, co cf>lX* dvep, ovk opOcos iroiel, 
 <f>aaKcov /3orj0eiv rocs dScKovpievots del. 1025 
 
 XP. rl yap Trocar) ; <fipd£e, Kal ireirpd^eTai. 
 
 TP. dvayKacrai SiKaiov eart vr) Ala 
 
 rov ev TraQbv6 > vir epuov TrdXtv pu dvTewnoielv' 
 rj firjS" otlovv dyaOdv hiKaios £ctt eyeiv. 1030 
 dXX' ovheiroTe pue %£>o~av diroXel^eibv ecf>rj. 
 
 XP. opOcos ye* vvvhl a ovKerri tfiv oteTat. 
 
 TP V7TO tov yap aXyovs KaTaTeTrjK, co cf>l\TaTe. 
 
 XP. ovk, dXXa KaTaaecrr)7ra<;, cos y epuol SoKeis. 1035 
 
 TP. Sea haKTvklov puev ovv epue y dv SteXKvcrais. 
 
 XP. el Tvyyavoi y 6 BaKTvXtos cov TrjXLa. 
 
 TP. Kal fMrjv to pueipaKLov toSI -npoo-epyeTai, 
 
1IA0TT02. 41 
 ovirep iraXai Karrjyopovaa Tvyydvoy 
 
 60LK6 8' €7rl KtoflOV fiaSl^etV. 1040 
 
 XP. (fiaiverat. 
 
 arecfrdvovs ye tol /ecu BaS* eycop iropeverai. 
 NEA. daird^ofiat TP. tl §r\<jiv ; 
 NEA. dpyalav fyiXrjV. 
 
 iroXid yeyevrjaai Tayy ye vrj rov ovpavov. 
 TP. rdXaiv eyco tt}? vfipeos 779 v/3pi£ofJbcu. 
 XP. eouce hud ttoXXov yjibvov a eopa/cevcu. 1045 
 TP. iroiov yjpbvov, TaXdvraO\ 09 Trap ifiol %#€9 r\v\ 
 XP. tovvclvtlov nreirovQe tcw ttoXXois apa' 
 
 fieOvoov yap, w9 eoiicev, 6%vrepov fiXeirei. 
 TP. ov/c, aXX a/co\a(TTO$ eanv aet rov 9 rpoirov^. 
 NEA. co TlovTOirocreihov koX 0eol 7rpea/3vTL/col, 1050 
 
 ev T(p 7rpoaoo7T(p rdov pvTtBcov oaas €%ei. 
 TP. a cl, 
 
 ttjv SaSa fir) fioc 7rpoa(j>ep\ 
 XP. ev fievroi Xeyeu. 
 
 edv yap avrrjv eh fiovo? cnrLvOrjp Xafirjy 
 
 coairep iraXaidv elpeaiGovrjv /cavaerav. 
 NEA. fiovXec Sid yjpovov irpos fie iralaac; TP. Trov y 
 raXav ; 1055 
 NEA. avrov, XajSovcra fedpva. TP. iraihidv riva; 
 NEA. irocrovs eyeis ohovras. 
 XP. dXXd yvob aofiai 
 
 Kaycoy' eyec yap rpels icrcos rj Terrapas. 
 NEA. diroTicroV eva ydp ybfifyiov fiovov <\>opeu. 
 TP. laXavrar dv8p<Sv, ovy vyialveiv fioi 80/ceis, iogo 
 
 irXvvov fie iroiwv ev rocrovTOt,? dvhpdaiv. 
 NEA. ovato fievrav, el T19 efcirXvveie ae. 
 XP. ov 8rjr\ eVel vvv fiev KairrfXiKW eyei, 
 
42 API^T04>AN0TS 
 
 el o° eKTrKwelrai tovto to y^npLvOiov, 
 
 o^rei Kard8r]\a rov Trpoaooirov rd pd/crj. 1065 
 TP. yepoov dvrjp oov ov% vyialveiv /jlol So/ceis. 
 XP. dXX\ oo veavccTKj ov/c ioo rrjv pbelpa/ca, 
 
 jjLicreiv <T6 Tavrrjv. NEA. a\\' eyooy vTrepfyiXob. 
 XP. /ecu fjbtjv fcarrjyopel ye crov. NEA. rl fcarrjyopel'y 
 XP. elvai <j vftpiCTTrjv cfrrjai, kcu Xeyeuv otl 
 
 iraXai ttot rjaav aX/ct/noi WltXrjCLOt. 1075 
 NEA. eyoo 7repl tclvtt)? ov p,ayovp>aL o~oi. XP. to tL\ 
 NEA. alo")(Vp6fjL€V0<; rr)v rjXaciav rrjv crrjv, iirel 
 
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 vvv S' aTriQi yaipoov crvXXaftobv ttjp fjbeipa/ca. 
 
 aXV elaiff eLaoo* too 0eoj yap fiovkofiai 
 
 eX6oov dvaOelvai tovs aT€(f)dvov<; tovoS* 0O9 e^oo. 
 TP. eyoo 8e y civtgo /cal (fipdcrcu to fiovXofjLai. 1090 
 NEA. eyco Se y ov/c ecaei/ju. 
 XP. Odppei, fjurj (£>oj3ov. 
 
 ov yap f3ido-€Tcu. 
 NEA. irdvv /caXoos toLvvv Xkyevs* 
 
 TP. /3d8i,£' iyoo Se aov tcaTOiriv elo-epxp/juai. 
 XP. to? evTovoos, do Zev fiao-iXev, to ypdScov 1095 
 
 ooairep Xeirds too fieipa/ctoo irpoaia^TaL. 
 KA. t/9 eaO* 6 kotttoov Trjv Ovpav ; tovtl tl rjv ; 
 
 ouSeW eoi/cev' dXXd SrjTa to Qvpiov 
 
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 EP. ae toi Xeyoo, 
 
 00 Ka/nW, dvdfjbeivov. 1100 
 KA. oSto?, elire /mot, 
 
 &v Tr\v Ovpav e/co7TT69 ovtooctI cr(f)68pa ; 
 EP. fjbd AC, dXX' efjieXXov' elr dveojgd? p,e (frOdaas. 
 
 dXX* e/c/cdXet top Seo-TroTrjv Tpkyo&v Tayy, 
 
IIAOTTOS. 43 
 
 eirevra rrjv yvvalna /cal ra TraihLa, 
 eireira roi)<? Oepdirovras, elra rrjv /cvva> 1105 
 eireira cravrov, elra ttjv vv. 
 KA. elire fioi, 
 
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 EP. 6 Zei)?, c3 Trovrjpe, fiovXerai 
 
 69 ravrov vfid? avy/cvfcrjcras rpvjSXiov 
 anra^cnravTas €l<; to ftdpaOpov i/n/3aXelv. 
 
 KA. 7) yXcorra r<p KtjpvKi tovtwv refiverat. 1110 
 drdp tit} 81) ravr eiri^ovXevei iroielv 
 
 EP. ortrj Setvorara Trdvrcov Trpay/ndrcov 
 
 €ipyaa0\ d<f) ov yap rjpgar e£ op%^9 /SXeireiv 
 
 6 TlXovTOSy ouSet9 01; XtftavteTov, ov 8a<j)vr]V y 
 
 ov yjraio-rov, ov^ lepelov, ovte aXX' ovSeev 1115 
 
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 KA. fid Al\ ov8i ye 
 
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 EP. /cat tcSv fi€v aXXcov fioi decov rjrrov fjueXei^ 
 
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 EP. nrporepov yap eiyov puev irapd rah Kairrfkiaiv 1120 
 irdvT dyd6* €(o6ev ei)6v<;, olvovrrav, fxeki, 
 lo-yahns , 6a 66/C09 ear iv 'Eip/jurjv iadLeiv' 
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 evioTe roiavr dydff eywv ; 1125 
 
 EP. OLflOL TflXa9, 
 
 oifiot TrXaKoifvro^ rov V rerpd8t ireirepuxkvov. 
 KA. irodei? rbv ov irapovra zeal fidrTjv icaXeis. 
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 KA. dafccoXla£ y ivravOa irpb^ rrjv aiOpLav. 
 
44 APl2TO<J>ANOT2 
 
 EP. airXdy^viav re 0epfidov &v eydb fcarr/aOiov. U30 
 
 KA. oSvvrj <T€ irepl ra GirXayyy eot/ce tl<z arpefaiv. 
 
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 KA. ravrrjv eiranwv dirorpe^cov ov/c dv <j>0dvoL<z ; 
 
 EP. dp axfreXrjaaLs dv tl top gclvtov <f)iXov ; 
 
 KA. eX tov Seec y &v SvvaTo? elfil <r oocfreXelv. 1135 
 
 EP. et fioL irop'uras aprov tlv ev ireirefifievov 
 
 So/779 fcara(pay€LV real /cpias veavi/cdv 
 
 &v 0ve0 i vfiets evhov. KA. aXX* ov/c i/c<f)opd. 
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 v<f>eKoL 7 eyco a dv Xav0aveiv eiroLovv dei 1140 
 KA. icj) & T€ fieTeyeiv tcavTos, do TOLyo&pvye. 
 
 fjicev yap dv aoi vaaTo^ ev Treirefifievo^. 
 EP. eireiTa tovtov y clvtos dv /caTrjaOtes. 
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 dXXd ]*vvolkov 7rpo? 0eaiv 8e^aa0e fie. 
 KA. eireiT diroXLirdov 7-01)9 0eoi>s ev0dSe [level? ; 
 EP. Ta yap Trap ifiiv eo~TL fieXTicD iroXv. 
 KA. tl 8e ; TavTOfioXelv daTelov etval col So/cel ; 1150 
 EP. iraTpl? yap ecrTL iraa lv dv irpaTTy tl$ ev. 
 KA. tl 8f)T dv el f rj<; ocpeXo? rjfuv ev0d$ Sv ; 
 EP. irapa tt)v 0vpav aTpocf>aLOv i8pvaaa0e fie. 
 KA. o~Tpo<f>alov ; aXX* ov/c epyov eW ovoev aTpocjycov. 
 EP. dXX* ejnroXalov. 1155 
 KA. dXXd ifkovTOVfiev' tL ovv 
 
 'Qpfirjv Tra^Ly/caTTTjXov rjfia^ Set Tpe<f>eLV\ 
 EP. dXXd SoXlov tolvvv. 
 KA. SoXlov; r)KLCTTa ye' 
 
 ov yap SoXov vvv epyov , aXX* dirXtoV Tpoirwv. 
 
HAOTTOS. 45 
 
 EP. dXk' rjyepLovLOV. 
 
 KA. dXX* 6 Oebs rjBrj /3Xe7m, 
 
 &o~0* rjyepbovos ovSev SerjcropLeaO" ere. mo 
 
 EP. ivayobvios tolvvv eaofiai. /cat tl er ipels ; 
 UXovtq) yap earn, tovto av/jLcfropooraTov, 
 iroieiv dycSvas fAOVcnicovs ical yvpuviKovs. 
 
 KA. ft)? cuyaOov ear i7rcovvfjb(a^ 7ro\Xd<; e^etv* 
 
 0UT09 yap e%evpr)K6V avra> /3lotiov. 1165 
 ovk €T09 Hiravres oi 8t,fcd£ovT€s Oapud 
 airevhovaiv iv 7roWo£9 yeypd(j)9ac ypdjjLfiaaiv. 
 
 EP. OVKOVV €7rl TOVTOLS €L(TLCO ) 
 
 KA. Kal ifXvve ye 
 
 avTos irpoaeXOcov 7rpo9 to cfrpeap t<z9 KouXias, 
 Xv, evOews hiaicoviicbs elvai 80/crjs. 1170 
 
 IE. T69 CiV (f>pd(T€t,€ 1TOV Vt6 Xpe/XuX<09 flOL <Ta(j)Q)<; ; 
 
 XP. tl $ ear iv > cS fieXTiare ; 
 
 IE. tl yap dXX! 77 KaKto? ; 
 
 a<£' ou 7a/) 6 UXovtos ovros rjp^aro fiXeTreiv, 
 diroXcoX^ virb Xl/jlov. Karafyayelv yap ovk €^o\ 
 Kal ravra tov acoTrjpos lepev? ojv Ato9. 1175 
 
 XP. rj 8' atria rt9 icrriv, co 77-/909 tgov 6eo3v ; 
 
 I E. 0i;e^ eV ovSeU d£toi. XP. t/i>09 ovveKa ; 
 
 IE. im irdvTG<$ elal irXovcrtoi' KaWoi ToVe, 
 ot' eiypv ovSev, 6 fjuev dv tjkcov efnropo? 
 eOvaev iepelov tl acoOeU, 6 8e tl$ dv liso 
 SIktjv diro(pvy(iov' 6 8' dv iKaXXiepeiTo r^9, 
 Kapue y eKaXei rdv iepea' vvv 8* ov8e eh 
 dv€L to irapdirav ovSev, ovS* elaep^Tai. 
 rbv ovv Ala tov acorrjpa KavTO? puoi Sokco 1186 
 yaipeiv idcra<; evddS avTov KaTapuevelv. 
 
 XP. ddppei* KaXoos eaTai yap, fjv Oeos OeXr). 
 
4G API2TOO>ANOTS IIAOTTOS. 
 
 6 Zei)? 6 aeorrjp yap irapeariv evOdSe, 
 avrofuiTos rf/ccov. IE. irdvT ay add tolvvv Xiyei* 
 
 XR ISpvaofied* ovv avrUa fidX\ dXXd irepifjueve, 1191 
 top TIXovtov, ovirep irpojepov rjv iSpv/xevo?, 
 tov ottktOoSo/jlov del <f>vXaTT(OV T^9 06UV. 
 aXX' ifcSorco 779 Sevpo 8a8a$ rj/jLfievas, 
 Xv e^cov irpor)<yf) tw Oetp o~v. 1195 
 
 irdvv fiev ovv 
 Spav ravra xpj. XR tov UXovtov egco /caXei. 
 
 VP. iy£ St TL 1T0L0) : 
 
 XP- Ta? 'xvrpa*;, ah tov 6eov 
 
 iSpvaofieOa, Xafiova iwl 7^9 /cecbaXr)? c^epe 
 aepvayr exovaa S' tfXOe? avTrj iroiKiXa. 
 
 TR cSz/ ovv6k yXdov; 1200 
 
 ^P- irdvTd aoi ireirpd^eTai. 
 
 yget yap 6 veavia/cos £9 <r ek eairepav. 
 
 TP. dXX' el ye fievToi, vrj A/' eyyva av fiot, 
 7)%eiv eicelvov 0)9 ep,\ otaco Ta9 %^T/>a9. 
 
 XR /cat /^?)z/ ttoXv tgov dXXcov ^vrpodv TavavTia 
 
 avTai iroiovaC Tah fiev aXXaw yap x vT ? a ^ 1205 
 f] ypav$ eireaT dvcoTaTco, TavTrj? 8e vvv 
 t^9 ypao? e7ri7ro\r}<? eireiaiv ai ^vrpai. 
 
 XO. ovk eTL tolvvv eUds fieXXeiv ov& 77/^9, a\V a*>a- 
 
 €t9 TovTriaOeV Set yap KaToirtv tovtcov ahovTas 
 eireadai. 
 
NOTES. \i/ 
 
 i — 21. Carion the slave of Chremylus complains of his hard lot as 
 slave of a crazy master, who follows a blind man for no apparent 
 reason. He resolves to make Chremylus explain why he does so. 
 
 2. wapa<ppovovvTos] So in the Peace the master Trygaeus is crazy 
 (1. 54) and in the Wasps Bdelycleon: and their slaves talk of them. 
 Indeed the slave of comedy is constantly better than his master in 
 common sense. 
 
 5. /jLeTtxew k.t.X.] The master foolishly will not take the slave's 
 advice, gets into a scrape, and the slave shares it. The word fierix^ 
 shows that this is chiefly meant, not that the slave gets beaten : though 
 this may happen too, for the master may revenge himself for his own 
 fault on the slave's back. Any excuse would do for a beating, cf. Ran. 
 812 oirdrav oi beairbraL ecrirovdoLKuxTL /cXatf/ia0' tj/xlv ylyverai. 
 
 6. rbv Kvpiov] 1 Its natural owner,' that is, the slave himself, rbv 
 icoyij/uL^uou the master who has bought him. 
 
 8. kclI Taura...TavTa] * And these things are thus:' a common 
 phrase when one subject is dismissed and the speaker passes on to 
 something else. Cf. Aesch. Prom. Vinct. 508 toiclvtcl pkv 5r) ravra. 
 
 9. os Oeffiricpdd] A line of tragic sound. 
 
 12. fjLe\ayxoXu)PT] Cf. Av. 14 6 irii'ciKoirwX'rjs ^tXo/epa'r^s jxeXay- 
 XoXcov, and below 1. 903. 
 
 16. aicoXovdci k r.X.] Chremylus follows a blind man and forces 
 me to do so too. 
 
 17. diroKpLPo/uL^vif)] 'And that too though he (the old man) 
 answers not one syllable.' Bentley's diroKpivofievos, which Meineke 
 and H olden accept, for qLiroKpLvop^v^ the Ravenna MS. reading, 
 appears needless. We may well suppose Plutus to have been already 
 questioned by Carion or Chremylus : the^Jireat in 1. 57 rather implies 
 this. And it is far more to the purpose for Carion in describing his 
 master's craziness to say 'he follows* a blind man, aye and one who 
 won't answer him,' than to s&y, ' he follows a blind man and he won't 
 tell me why.' The common MS. reading airoKpivo^vov might be de- 
 fended, as genitive absolute. Dindorfs older text (from Rav. MS.) 
 diroKpiuo^vip has been kept. The dative is governed by olkoXovOcZ. 
 
 i 
 
48 
 
 PLUTUS. 
 
 ovhl ypv] Besides the accepted explanation of 'a grunt,' whence 
 comes ypijgeiv, the Scholiast gives another, that ypv means pviros 
 ovvxos, and hence anything worthless and small. The expression ovU 
 ypv occurs in Demosth. 353. Cf. Ran. 913, Eq. 294 in support of the 
 usual explanation. 
 
 21. (rrtyavov %xovra 7e] Those returning from an oracle wore a 
 wreath, and their persons were sacred. 
 
 22 — 55. Chremylus tells Carion that, finding himself and other 
 honest folk poor while rascals were rich, he went to Apollo to seek a 
 remedy. The god told him to follow the first person he met after 
 leaving the temple and to persuade him to go home with him. He 
 had met this blind man, and therefore he stuck to him. They must now 
 find out who he is. 
 
 27. K\eirTL<TTaTov] A comic surprise and contradiction after ttl<tt6- 
 tcltov. The superlative form is wrongly compared by Bergler to 
 ToXfjLlaTCLTos Soph. Philoct. 984, for ToX/mrjo-TaTos is there the true reading, 
 which from roX/^eis is regular. Similar forms are XaXiVrepos, apira- 
 yicrTaTOS, 6\j/o(f)(iyl<iTaTos, 
 
 30. prfjTopes] Cf. below 1. 379, 566. Aristophanes often attacks 
 this class. 
 
 33. rbv ifxbv k.t.X.] He consulted the god not for his own benefit 
 so much, as his life was well-nigh spent, but for his son's, to ask what 
 kind of life he ought to lead. 
 
 34. iKTeTot-evadai] ' to have been already shot away, spent : ' the 
 metaphor is from the arrows being all shot and the quiver emptied. 
 Life itself is conceived as made up of arrows. ' The arrows of my life,' 
 says Chremylus, 'are well-nigh shot out.' Spanheim compares Hor. 
 Od. ii. 16, 17 Quid brevi fortes jaculamur aevo multa? but it is not quite 
 the same use of the metaphor. Bentley's conjecture eKTeroXvirevaOai 
 will find few supporters, though it is ingenious. 
 
 35. rbv vibv] Governed grammatically by XPV> but put first in the 
 sentence in order to contrast with rbv ifibv fxkv filov. 
 
 37. vyiks fjt,7}8£ 2p] 'an utterly dishonest creature, a good-for- 
 nothing.' Some write fiydeev here, as ovdefr in 1. 137 and ovdeels in 1. 
 1 182. Whichever way it be written, the separation of the syllables 
 makes the word more emphatic than ouSeis, ovdev. 
 
 39. tL 8rjra] A line of tragic sound. The tripod and the 
 priestess were wreathed with bay. 
 
 44. Kal r$ k.t.X.] 'And pray whom do you meet first?' 'This 
 man.' 'Then don't you understand etc' For Kal Meineke says 
 "/cjra recte Cobetus, rovrcpl Carioni continuans." What objection is 
 there to the common text? And elra in 1. 45 comes very awkwardly 
 after K$ra when the whole is Carion's speech. 
 
NOTES. 
 
 49 
 
 45. ttjv iiriuoiau] The meaning of the god is to tell you that your 
 son should practise the national trade of knavery. For that knavery 
 pays now-a-days even a blind man can see. 
 
 47. top iirixwpiov t.] Cf. Nub. n 73 tovto Toxnrix&piov drexvus 
 
 48. 8rj\ov onrj k.t.X.] The right construction of this appears to be 
 otltj tovto 8ok€l br}Xov Kdl TV(f>\(£ yvLOPdi, ' because this seems plain even 
 for a blind man to discern.' Comp. below 1. 489 <f)avepbv olfxai tovt 1 
 dixit iracn yv&vai. This use of otltj ' Because ' to begin an answer 
 is supported by other passages. Cf. Nub. 755 otlt) tL §77; otlt) k.t.X. 
 'Why so pray?' * Because etc.' And so here: 'How do you 
 make out that ? ' 1 Because etc' Meineke proposes yvuoaTbv in his 
 critical note. In the Vindiciae he attempts other changes which are 
 not satisfactory. If hrjkov 67-177 be taken together as drjXovdTi, it is 
 hardly possible to explain 8ok€l. Meineke argues that df/Xov 8tl cannot 
 be divorced : true, if otl means 'that,' of fact; but otlt) appears only to 
 be used = ' because,' of reason. 
 
 52. t\v 5' rjjuuu k.t.X.] Something more must be meant than what 
 Carion supposes : this might be found out, if the old man would say 
 who he is. This and the following speech of Carion quite agree with 
 the supposition that Plutus had been already questioned by Chremylus 
 or Carion, and support the MS. reading in 1. 17. 
 
 56 — 252. The old man reluctantly, after severe threats, tells them that 
 he is Plutus, and explains his blindness. Chremylus proposes to restore 
 him to sight ; shows that he will be supreme above all deities, and need 
 not fear the anger of Zeus. He persuades Plutus to consent to this and 
 to go home with him, promising him better treatment than he has 
 hitherto met with. Meanwhile Carion is sent to summon the friends 
 of Chremylus. 
 
 57. Tairl toutols'] i.e. blows and stripes, dpw is deliberative 
 subj. ' am I to do?' 
 
 58. imavdoweis] Carion affects to misunderstand Plutus' answer, 
 'You must say who you are.' 'I say to you, Go and be hanged.' 
 'Do you understand who he says he is?' 
 
 60. o-Kaicos k.t.X.] 'You are not polite enough,' says Chremylus; 
 and then turning to Plutus he courteously entreats him: but he gets 
 much the same answer. 
 
 61. ef Ti...Tp67rois] 'if you like an honest man, answer me, for I 
 am one.' Or ' if you take pleasure in honesty, if you are yourself an 
 honest man.' Perhaps this last is better, for so in the next line t6v 
 avdpa will have more force. 
 
 63. d£x ou T0V oLvbpa] ' There, take your man and the omen that 
 the god gives you.' Chremylus had adjured him to speak 'as he was 
 a true man.' Carion ironically tells his master to take and make the 
 most of 'his true man.' And Plutus who had first met C. on leaving 
 the oracle was to be regarded as an omen or 6 puts. Cf. Av. 719 tpviv 
 
 G. P. 
 
 4 
 
50 
 
 PLUTUS. 
 
 re vofxlfrre TrdvO' oaairep irepl fAavrdas dicucpivei . . .^vfxfiokov 6pi>iv t <pu)V7)V 
 6pvw. 
 
 65. diro a 6\w] i.e. ct7ro\c3 <re. 
 
 66. (5 roiu] The Scholiast quotes from Cratinus w rdv idekriaere. 
 Probably in strictness rav is singular, and is spoken only to Chremylus : 
 ' My good sir.' Then he adds ' do leave me both of you.' 
 
 iru}fia\<x\ This negative = ovda/uQs was no doubt originally an inter- 
 rogative from 7ru) = 7ro{;. So also iroOev is used: 4 how can it be?' 
 meaning * it cannot be.' 
 
 70. iKTpaxy^i><rdrj ir.] Cf, Nub. 1501 eKTpaxv^wOw vecrdv : also 
 Lys. 705. The active eKTpaxn^lfriv is used by Xenophon of a horse 
 that throws his rider over his head. Fischer thinks that Aristophanes' 
 use of the word for 'to break the neck' comes from the other use, 
 " because riders who are so thrown frequently break their own necks." 
 The hunting word might come to be used of any dangerous fall, though 
 not over a horse's neck. Yet an independent meaning, * to break or 
 dislocate the neck,' seems quite possible. 
 
 71. cupe] Cf Eq. 1361 dpas fxer^tapov els rb fidpadpov eyu/3a\cD. 
 
 74. vt) robs deofc] An assent to what otf/c d^cerov suggests. 
 
 * Yes, by the gods, we will let you go, at least if you wish to be let 
 go.' They do not however let him go (see below i. 10 r), but even- 
 tually they reconcile him to the idea of remaining with them. 
 
 75. fiedead^] They had been holding him. For rjp=idov cf. Eq. 
 26, Ran. 1390, Pac. 327. 
 
 77. 77] 1 st pers. sing., as the Scholiast notes. 
 
 79. dvdp&v] As in Av. 1637, Ran. 1472 dvdpwwwv addressed to 
 Poseidon and Dionysus. 
 
 83. avToraros] ' ipsissimus,' * his selfest self.' Kuster quotes from 
 Plautus' Trinummus iv. 2 : ' Syc. Am' tu tandem ? is ipsusne es ? Ch. 
 Aio. Syc. Ipsus es? Ch. Ipsus, inquam, Charmides sum. Syc. Ergo 
 ipsusne es ? Ch. Ipsissumus.' 
 
 84. ILarpoKXeovs] A rich man who followed Laconian fashions, 
 the Scholiast says. In Plato's Euthydemus, p. 297, Socrates speaks 
 of a brother of his named Patrocles. What the Laconian and Socratic 
 habits were Aristophanes tells us in Av. 1281 eXaKtovo/uLaxovp diravres 
 dvdpwiroi Tore, €k6/j,uv eireivuv ippvirw iawKparup. Whereas with the 
 Athenians washings were frequent : especially before and after meals ; 
 cf. Vesp. 1 2 16. 
 
 86. tovtl] i.e. blindness. 
 
 92. (pdovei] This jealousy was often attributed by the ancient 
 heathen to their gods. 
 
 93. K<d fJLTjv] Yet it is very unfair that Zeus should grudge 
 prosperity to the good, for it is owing to the good (5ia robs %/>.) that 
 he gets honours. 
 
 98. eopdKa 5ia] The MS. ewpa/ca 7rw cannot be right : oflir<a means 
 
 • nondum,' * not yet:' and the sense wanted is 'I have not now for a 
 
L 138.] 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 long time seen.' Porson proposed ecbpaK airb xp^ov. If a preposition 
 be inserted Slcl seems the neatest for the sense : cf. below 1045 &>i/ce 
 5ta iroWov XP° V0V <r ' copaicfrai. Brunck proposed kupiav 5ta xP ouou: 
 but there seems no need to change the tense. 
 
 99. ou5' eyCS\ Even with eyes it is hard to find honest men at 
 Athens. 
 
 100. raV i/uLov] Dindorf blames a brother commentator for sup- 
 posing this to be rd diro, and affirms it to be ra ewi. It may be either : 
 * all that concerns me, all my case : ' or ' all that you can hear from 
 me, all my story.' The latter is at least as likely as the former. 
 
 106. ou yap £<jtu> /c.r.X.] There lives no other save myself who 
 is as honest as I. 
 
 107. tclvtI k.t.X.] All, when poor, profess goodness, but, once 
 rich, they turn bad. 
 
 in. oi>w£ei] Carion is impatient with Plutus, and would fain 
 return to the argument of force which he proposed above, 1. 57, 65. 
 
 114. avv Oeip 5' elp.] Cf. Eur. Med. 625 loojs yap, %inr 0e$ 5' 
 clprjaerai, yafieis tolovtov coWe <j apveladai yafxov. 
 
 115. dcpdaXfiLas] Generally of the 'lippitudo' to which the 
 Athenians were very liable: so also is used the verb 6(pda\jjuai>. 
 Here it = tv<PX6ttjs : but to understate the evil is courtesy on Chre- 
 mylus' part. 
 
 1 1 8. ddXtos 0.] 'By nature wretched,' because he wilfully chooses 
 to remain blind. 
 
 119. 6 Zei)s fiev ovv] Nay, it is not wilful folly, but fear of Zeus. 
 The order of the words is somewhat involved, otda us 6 Zeus eiriTpi- 
 xj/eiev av ifxh el ttvOoito ra tovtuv fxwpa, ' if Zeus were to hear their 
 folly (the proposal to restore my sight) he would destroy me.' To 
 which Chremylus replies that Plutus cannot be worse destroyed than 
 he is, stumbling about blindly. Meineke proposes i5ui> for old' ws, 
 which last is an alteration of MS. eldus. I8wi> would govern /xcupa, 
 4 fit would be governed by ttvOoito and iiriTptyeie. 
 
 120. tovto dpg.] i.e. eiriTpipei. To Epops, when he enters in sorry 
 plight {Av. 95), Euelpides says oi dwdeKa Oeol el^ao-iv k-KiTpi\\>ai ere. 
 
 127. a] Plutus is shocked at Chremylus' audacity. 
 
 129. ifJLe o~v ;] In repeating questions like this the Greeks repeat 
 the pronoun, but in English we should repeat and emphasize some 
 other word. 1 I'll prove you more powerful than Zeus.' * You will ? ' 
 or * More powerful than Zeus?' Cf. A v. 467 and the note there. 
 
 130. avTLKa] Cf. note on Av. 166. 
 
 134. dvriKpvs] 'straight out, plainly.' So Juvenal says, 'Prima 
 fere vota et cunctis notissima templis Divitiae.' 
 
 138. \f/aiaTov\ dXeupov eXalu bebevpevov Schol. Again used below , 
 L 1115. 
 
 4—2 
 
52 
 
 PLUTUS. 
 
 [1. 142. 
 
 142. rjv \u7r77] i.e. r)v 6 Zeus <re \viry. Cf. Av. 1246 Zeus et /xe 
 Xvirrjaei ire 1 pa where Peisthetaerus is mocking at Zeus. 
 
 147. ft. apyvpldiov] A contemptuous diminutive 'just for a paltry 
 little sum of money.' 
 
 160. rex^c"] This list of trades Meineke divides between Chremylus 
 and Carion: and so again 1. 170—80. 
 
 165. XojirodvTeZ] Clothes-stealer and housebreaker come in comi- 
 cally in the middle of the trades. 
 
 166. yvafeuei] Kvacpevei was read by the Scholiast, who tells us 
 that kv was older Attic, yv newer. Meineke edits Kvacpevs in Vesp. 1128 
 Eccl. 415. 6 5e Kva<p€vei would be against comic usage, as the e should 
 be short before -kv. Brunck proposed 6 5e ris Kvacj>evei 7, which some 
 editors receive. It is hard to pronounce authoritatively which cor- 
 rection is the better, or whether either is needed. The metrical canon 
 does not perhaps justify us in changing the MS. 6 be Kva<pevei, for there 
 are offences against it elsewhere. And the pronunciation and writing 
 may have been in Aristophanes' later years (to which this play belongs) 
 wavering between the kv and yv. 
 
 169. ravrl jut All this Plutus had never noticed; nor knew 
 how all-powerful he was. 
 
 1 70. dia tovtov] According to the common text Carion. speaks to 
 Chremylus; then in some lines addresses Plutus directly. Meineke 
 and Brunck give lines alternately to servant and master. It appears 
 best to give 1. 172 and 1. 177 — 9 to Chremylus. Thus Chremylus con- 
 sistently addresses Plutus throughout, Carion speaks of him to Chremylus. 
 It is plain that Carion must say 6 Tt/xodeov d£ irvpyos and his master 
 ifxireaoi ye trot. 
 
 KOfjfi] Metaphorical, as in Vesp. 13 17. In Eq. 580 literal. The 
 Persian king is proud because he is so rich. 
 
 171. dia tovtov] To get wealth: to save our own or appropriate 
 that of others. Schol. Also the citizens received pay for attendance at 
 the assembly. 
 
 173. kv K. geviKbv] The Thebans, Argives and Corinthians were 
 leagued with Athens against the Lacedaemonians, and Corinth was the 
 scene of operations. 
 
 174. IlafjLcpCkos] A demagogue who appropriated public money and 
 was punished for it. And 'the needle-seller' was a hanger-on of this 
 same Pamphilus. Schol. 
 
 177. QiXexf/ios] He got his livelihood (says the Scholiast) by re- 
 citing stories, in which he dealt in the marvellous. Demosthenes 
 mentions a Philepsius among others who had been punished for breach 
 of the law. c. Timocr. 742. He is there mentioned with Agyrrhius, for 
 whom cf. Eccles. 96, T84. 
 
 178. ri Zu/jLjULaxLa k.t.X.] Sovtlq alliance between Athens and Egypt, 
 when the Athenians needed corn from Egypt and paid for it. But 
 when this was is uncertain. The Scholiast speaks of it as in the reign of 
 
L 215.] 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 53 
 
 Amasis, which is far too early. And Chabrias' visit to Egypt, which some 
 have thought to be meant, was long after even the second exhibition 
 of this play. 
 
 179. $i\a)j>l5ov] A rich man but of no beauty. 
 
 180. Tifxodeov] Timotheus son of Conon built a tower, at great 
 expense apparently. Carion would have completed his sentence 'was 
 it not built through you?' but his master breaks in. 
 
 182. fioitwraros] Cf. 1. S3 CLVTOTCLTOS. 
 
 185. iirtKaOefyrai.] This may be a metaphor from weighing: * in 
 whose scale wealth sits,' the depression of the scale being taken to 
 indicate success. So the Scholiast interprets. The notion of the issue 
 of battle represented by the turn of the scale is familiar to us. But in 
 both cases in Homer, //. 0. 69 and %. 209, the scale of the vanquished 
 sinks, of the victor rises. So too in Virgil, Aen. XII. 725. Milton 
 makes the light scale of the weaker 'fly up and kick the beam.' But 
 that the metaphor is from a balance here seems not so sure. Aristo- 
 phanes himself uses eiriKadrjadaL in Eq. 1093 of the owl perched on 
 Athene's shoulder. Perhaps here Wealth is imagined as perching on 
 the victor, much as the raven on Valerius in the Roman legend. 
 
 188. ixearbs] 'too full, full to overflowing:' the force of this word 
 is seen well in Eq. 814 6s iiroirjaev tj\v ttoXlv tjjjlQp /learr)*, evpwv 
 
 189 — 93. Chremylus' list is of the higher pleasures, Carion's of 
 the lowest bodily enjoyments, ridiculously specified. The sentiment 
 with which Chremylus begins occurs in Homer //. v. 636 ttwtuv ixkv 
 
 Kopos €<JTl K.T.X. 
 
 199. £v [kovov 8.] Plutus is modest about his own powers, as is 
 the sausage-seller in the Knights. 
 
 200. dvvafjLLv] Attraction to the relative has changed the case : the 
 sense is returns ttjs dwd/JLeus dea-iroTTjs yevrjcroincu iju (pare. 
 
 202. J>rj tov Al ' • d\Xd] * Yes, by Zeus ; you're doubtless afraid : 
 nay 'tis even a proverb.' For the neuter 86lK6toltov comp. Ran. 282 
 ov8tv yap ourw yavpoi> icrd' u>s 'Hpa/cX^s. And the very proverb alluded 
 to is in Eur. Phoen. 597 detXbit 8 } 6 ttXovtos kolI <pt\6\//vxou kclkov. 
 
 204. ^ct5j)s] Join with is ttjv oIkIclv. 
 
 207. irpovoiav] Forethought or discretion we all know to be the 
 better part of valour. 
 
 210. Ai>7/cews] A proverb for keen sight: the Scholiast supposes 
 Lynceus to have penetrated with lamps underground in mining 
 operations. 
 
 213. operas 8a<f>vr)j>] 'Pythia, quae tripodi e Phoebi lauroque pro- 
 fatur.' Lucr. I. 739. 'Tremere omnia visa repente liminaque laurusque 
 dei.' Virg. Aen. III. 90. Cf. above 1. 39. 
 
 215. opdre] Whatever Plutus' ' take care 1 was meant for, Chremylus 
 stops by firf (ppovTL^e. 
 
54 
 
 PLUTUS. 
 
 [1. 216. 
 
 216. koLv 877] xPVf Meineke, Holden. For sense drj=dey seems 
 the better: but the contraction is doubtful. Perhaps 84y pronounced 
 as one syllable would be better. 
 
 220. irovripovs 7'] A sorry lot of allies, these hungry fellows. They 
 won't be so, says Chremylus, when they get their deserts and are rich. 
 
 227. koX 5ti] 'Even now.' For tovtoSI — tovtI 8e cf. Av. 18 
 T7)vdedl, Eq. 1302 pvp5l. 
 
 Kpeadiop] The meat from the sacrifice : they were returning from 
 Delphi. 
 
 233. koI diKaius /cdSt/cws] As Chremylus is XPW™* an d 5t/catos the 
 sense of <x5t/cws need not be pressed : the two adverbs mean ' in every 
 possible way. ' But it may perhaps be thought that in view of sudden 
 wealth Chremylus has already become partially corrupted and forgets 
 honesty. 
 
 234. aXV axOojuLdi] 1 I don't like going into a strange house : 
 I either get buried or squandered,' says Plutus. In Lucian's Timon he 
 complains much in the same style: ravra /ecu avrbs ayapaKT& irpds eviwv 
 fiev arifjius XaKTL^ofxepos /ecu Xacpvcraofxepos /cat e^aprXovfiepos, vir' evlwv be 
 uxrirep (TTiyfACLTlas dpaireTrjs TreiredrjfjLePOS. 
 
 235. irdvv\ In sense belongs to the verb axdofxai. 
 
 236. avroi] rod eiaUvcu. 
 
 242. TapairX-qy^] atypova, fxapiKOP. Cf. Soph. Aj. 230 irapa- 
 TrXrjKTCjj x e P l " 
 
 244. ev a/capet] aKaprj is used in Vesp. 541, 701, Nub. 496, Av. 
 1649. It is used of time in Nub. 496 : and so here, ' in a trice.' 
 
 Meineke reads xp° vov f° r XP 0V V' Nub. 496 aKaprj (xpovop) appears 
 to support x/x>Vy here. 
 
 247. x ai P w k.t.X.] ' I know when to hoard and when to spend.' 
 
 249. ideip ce p.] 'I wish my wife and son to see you.' ttjp 7. and 
 top vldp are subjects, <re object, to ideip. 
 
 252. tL yap] Plutus had said, 'I believe you.' 'Why shouldn't 
 you?' replies Chremylus, 'what reason could I have for deceiving you?' 
 But Plutus of course means his belief to apply specially to fiera ae : he 
 can well believe that Chremylus puts his wife and son after riches. 
 
 253 — 321. Carion returns with the friends of Chremylus, whom he 
 urges to make haste. As they are on their way he tells them that 
 Chremylus has Plutus in his house, who is to make them all rich. 
 They dance for joy, and exchange rude jests with Carion, as he leads 
 them into Chremylus' presence. 
 
 253. ravrop Ovfxbp <p.] 'Eaters of the same fare, and therefore 
 snarers in his poverty.' 
 
 255. k. ovxl /J.e'XXeip] 4 It is not the time for any one to delay, but 
 the very moment when one ought to be present and help.' The article, 
 says Meineke, 'ferri non potest;' and he proposes /j.e'XXei. But he 
 quotes Thesm. 661 Cos 6 Kaipos tern fxrj /me'XXeip Ifrt, which appears exactly 
 the same. 
 
L 291.] 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 55 
 
 261. ovkovv k.t.X.] 'I have been telling you all the while: your 
 hard life is to be at an end.' 4 How?' * Why, Chremylus has got an 
 old man.' * With heaps of money of course.' * Heaps of age and 
 infirmity rather.' At which the Chorus are indignant, and they begin to 
 quarrel ; but at last Carion tells them it is the god of wealth. 
 
 266. /xaduvra] (paXcucpop, Schol. Probably the word suggested a 
 more unsightly baldness than the common <pdXaKpos. 
 
 268. xpuow €ttu)p] 'gold of words,' i.e. words that are all gold, 
 that imply golden wealth. They guess that from 1. 262, and because 
 such a wretched old fellow as Carion describes must have a heap of 
 money. 
 
 270. fxh oflf] 'Nay, I haven't said anything yet about his money, 
 only about his age and infirmities.' 
 
 273. 7t&vtu)s yap] He puts on the indignant surprise of injured 
 innocence, at which the others laugh. 
 
 275. (bs credos] Cf. Ran. 178 u>s aepivbs 6 Karaparos. 'You give 
 yourself airs, but you're a rascal all the while.' 
 
 powcriu] 'your shins cry aloud wanting the stocks and fetters.' 
 They are said to feel the want of them because they are so used to 
 them. 
 
 277. kv rrj aopu) k.t.X.] Carion retorts on the leader of the Chorus 
 that he ought to be dead, the coffin is his proper place. But reference 
 is made to the Athenian custom of allotting different courts to different 
 dicasts. These courts were distinguished by a particular letter : and a 
 token or ticket {av/ApoXov), and, as some say, a staff corresponding to 
 his court, was given to each dicast. * Whereas your letter shows that 
 your allotted court is the coffin, yet you don't move thither, though 
 Charon is ready to give you your ticket of admission.' Xaxbv rb ypdfxfia 
 is an absolute case, and dt in <jv U is superfluous in apodosis : whence 
 Brunck proposes av y\ One Scholiast thinks Xdpwv is an anagram for 
 apx<*v 'the archon.' 
 
 279. noduv] Cf. Eq. 632 Ko(3aXoi /cat nodwv. 
 
 282. ol ttoXXcl k.t.X.] 'Who came, though hard- worked and busy, 
 not even stopping to eat.' The Scholiast explains dteicirepvvTes ' over- 
 looking and running past in our haste.' Also dufMoi as poXpol 'onions 9 
 or ay pioKp6fjL,uva 'wild garlic' 
 
 287. Midas] Midais Meineke. The accusative may be defended 
 in such constructions : but with irXovcrlois in the preceding line the 
 dative is more natural. Porson and Dobree preferred irXovcrlovs in the 
 line before. 
 
 290. Kal firjv k.t.X.] Carion proposes to lead them dancing like 
 the Cyclops: they, as his sheep, goats, and he-goats, are to follow. 
 
 OptTTaveXb] Imitative of the cithara : cf. rfyeXXa Ach. 1230, Av. 
 1764. 
 
 291. TrapevvaXevuv] He gives a specimen of the kind of measure 
 he means to dance. 
 
56 
 
 PLUTUS. 
 
 [1. 292. 
 
 292. t£k€cl k.t.X.] i Come, children, repeatedly crying aloud and 
 bleating like sheep and goats, follow my shepherding, and you he-goats 
 shall get some breakfast.' They are hungry (cf. 1. 282): so is he: cf. 
 below, 1. 320. 
 
 296. r)i*eh 86 ye] 'Then will we treat you as Ulysses and his 
 crew did the Cyclops, and, while you are lying asleep after your 
 drinking, will bore out your eye.' Cf. Odyss. 1. 371 — 390. 
 
 301. <r<t>7](d(7Koi>] The Scholiast recognizes this word, explaining it 
 (L^vfifxivov %vXov eirel Kal 0 <r0r?£ d£i)s €k rQ>v Swiadei/. Bentley would 
 have read o-cpTjvio-Kov, which Meineke accepts. A pointed stake is 
 meant in either case : it is a jmoxXos in Homer. 
 
 316. a\V eta k.t.X.] A truce to jest : we have more serious work 
 in hand, for which I will try to prepare by getting a bit of something to 
 eat. 
 
 321 — 414. The approach of the Chorus being told to Chremylus, 
 he comes out to welcome them. They promise to help him. Mean- 
 while Blepsidemus has got some information about Chremylus* good 
 fortune, and comes post haste to find out what is the truth. Being told 
 that his friend is in a fair way to be wealthy, but at some risk, he at 
 once concludes that he has stolen money, and wants to get some of it. 
 In vain Chremylus asserts his honesty ; till at last he tells him that he 
 has found the god of wealth, and that he is going to get him cured 
 of his blindness in ^sculapius' temple. 
 
 322. x a Lp €LJ/ ] The order is irpoeayopeveiv fiev v/xds x a ^P eLV dpxcuov 
 iaTLP f ' to bid you hail is old fashioned ; ' it is too common a form of 
 greeting. For aairpbv cf. Pac. 554 elprjvrjs <jairpas t where however it is 
 an epithet of praise. Cf. also Nub. 984 dpx<ua xal dtiroXiwdr}. 
 
 325. awrerafxhrn] A certain correction made by Bentley for 
 avvTerayjuihcos. It satisfies the metre and is better for the sense. For 
 KdTeftX. cf. Av. 1323 ws pXcLKiK&s dLcucoveis. 
 
 326. #7rws] Supply opare, as in numerous passages. 
 
 328. pX^ireiv "Apr}] pXtTreiv with a noun is very common in Aristo- 
 phanes : Ach. 566 etc. This very phrase is from ^Eschylus Sept, c, 
 Theb. 53 XeovTuv us" Apr) dedopKOTCov, 
 
 330. waTi£"o/xe<r0'] Cf. Ach. 24 elra 5' (baTLovvrai 7rws doiceis eXdbv- 
 res aXXrjXowi irepl irpwrov %vXov. 
 
 331. wapeirjv] 2 aor. from iraplriiM) 'I should allow any one to 
 take Plutus himself from me.' The difference of mood in (bantf/ueada 
 and irapel-qv is correct for the sense. ' It were a shame if we jostle (as 
 we do) in the assembly and then I were to let Plutus slip from my 
 hands.' 
 
 332. BXexl/Lbrifxov] 6 irpbs rbv drjfxop pxiirwv Kal £k to6tov t<x tt/oos 
 $o)r)v iropL^dfiepos, Schol. 
 
 338. KovpeLoun] Cf. Av. 1441^ Barbers' shops have always been 
 places for gossip. 
 
L 388.] NOTES. 57 
 
 341. xP y ) (JT0V TL TTpa-TTuv] In prosperity it was unlike an Athenian 
 to be ready to send for friends to share the good. 
 
 347. 2<rofiai f*Zv ovp] 'Nay I shall be, I am not so yet.' £w= 
 
 '4v€(TTL. 
 
 350. rjv fxh k.t.X.] The risk is * perpetual prosperity if we succ 
 utter annihilation if we fail.' e 
 
 352. (poprlov] B. speaks as a merchant valuing a cargo : 'pl^fii 
 this cargo is bad, I don't like it,' he suspects something unsound. \ 
 
 359. "AiroWov dir.] Cf. Av. 61, Vesp. 161. 
 
 364. vyiaiveiv] KsinNub. 1275, Av. 1 2 14, and below 1. io6<3>, 
 
 365. cos 7roXi>] B. pathetically laments his friend's fall from me 
 path of honesty: but of course is all the while looking to go shares 
 with him. 
 
 367. Kara x^P av 'keeps its place, remains steady.' 
 
 368. €Trl8r)\6j> tl TreTravovpyrjKOTL] This must be rendered 'but it 
 (the look) plainly belongs to one who has committed some rascality.' 
 But 7r ewavovpyr] kotos would have been more natural. Bergk corrects 
 tl ireiraitoupyrjx' on, Meineke otl ireTrapovpyrjK^ tl, ' it is plain that he 
 has committed some rascality.' Neither seems quite good enough to be 
 certain : but the common text can hardly be right. 
 
 371. to 5' iariit] 4 It is not as you think, but quite otherwise.' 
 'Not theft then, but open violence?' says B. 
 
 372. KaKo5aL/JLovq.s] Cf. Xen. Mem. 2. 1. 5, <xp ovk rjdrj tovto 
 iravTCLwao-L KaKodaLfiovLovTds egtlv ; cf. below 1. 501. The word is 
 stronger than ovx vyLalveLv and /xeXayxoXcip . 
 
 377. iyio k.t.X.] B. at last proposes to hush up the matter, if paid 
 for it. 
 
 379. £ttl(3vo~cls] Cf. Pac. 645 ol £&>oi xputuco rcoV tclutcl ttolovvtlov 
 ejivvovv t6 crr6/xa. 
 
 380. <ptXtos 7'] 'Yes, a pretty friend you are ! you'd spend three 
 minae and charge me twelve.' 
 
 382. opto] B. with prophetic vision sees Chremylus impeached and 
 suppliant, bringing wife and children to move the judges' pity, as the 
 custom was. Cf. Dem. c. Mid. 574; also Aristoph. Vesp. 977 in the 
 trial of the dog. 
 
 385. *UpaK\€idcdv] There appears to have been a picture at Athens 
 by Pamphilus of the Heracleidae as suppliants for aid from Athens 
 against Eurystheus. 
 
 388. dirapTl] From Herodot. II. 158 dirb totjtov ehl lttlxSlol x^Xiot 
 &TCLpri els tov 'kpafiLKbv koXttov, the meaning appears to be 'just, ex- 
 actly.' And the Scholiast explains by o\Trt)pn<Ty,e'vu)s. L. and S. say it 
 means here and in a fragment of Pherecrates ' just the reverse.' Surely 
 
58 
 
 PLUTUS. 
 
 t 1 - 39 1- 
 
 this is incorrect : here the whole sense is ' I am not a dishonest thief, as 
 you suppose ; it is just exactly the honest whom I am going to make 
 rich.' And indeed Pherecrates may be explained in the same way. The 
 words are A. ri gclvtov anrorlveiv r£5' d^iois ; B. awaprl brprov irpoo~Xa(3e'ii> 
 irapa rou5' Zyioye /jloXXov, 'What think you you ought to pay him?' 
 ' Surely it is just I rather that should receive from him.' 
 
 390. diroXets] fxe he was going to say, but B. breaks in. 
 
 396. Hocreidco] Being asked to swear by Hestia, he swears by 
 Poseidon (perhaps a greater oath) : then he is asked whether he means 
 the real genuine Poseidon of the sea, and replies that he means him 
 and any other possible Poseidon too. 
 
 397. diaTrifnreis] 'send across' the wealth, or some of it : fiera- 
 dovvai in 1. 400 shows this to be the meaning. 
 
 400. ov t£ fi.] ovk Zany ev t$j fx. ' have not yet reached the dis- 
 tributing stage.' Some read tuj. 
 
 402. evi ye" rip Tpoiruj] Cf. Thesm. 430 tj <papfJidKoio~ii> 7) fxiq. ye 1 rep 
 T tX v Tli an d below 1. 413 ev ye" tl. 
 
 404. ovk erbs] ' he might well never come to me, that accounts 
 then for his never coming to me.' Cf. Ach. 411 ovk erbs %w\oi)s 
 iroieis. 
 
 408. ovre yap k.t.X.] Doctors are not sufficiently paid now-a-days, 
 and their art is degenerate. 
 
 409. ovk '4o~tlv] sc. iaTpbs. 
 
 411. KaraKXLveLv] The same method of cure was adopted unsuc- 
 cessfully for Philocleon in Vesp. 124 vvktojp KdTeKXivev avrbv eh 'Acr/cX?/- 
 iriov. 
 
 413. k*v yi tl] ' Make haste and do something.' 
 
 415 — 486. Poverty, having learnt what they are doing, bursts in 
 indignant, with threats. At first she is jeered at : but when she names 
 herself, Blepsidemus is terrified, and can hardly be persuaded to face 
 her. Chremylus however is confident that with Wealth they can over- 
 come her. He tells Poverty that they are doing no wrong to her, and 
 are doing good to mankind. In this last they are, she tells them, mis- 
 taken : she, Poverty, is really a cause of good. This she offers to prove 
 to their satisfaction : and the case is to be regularly argued. 
 
 415. c3 depixbv k.t.X.] Cf. Eur. Med. 1121 £ 5eivbv 'e'pyov irapavbixics 
 elpyao-jmhr}. For Oepjibv 'rash' cf. Soph. Track. 1046 w iroXXd §77 Kal 
 depjxa fioxOyo-as ^7<*>. 
 
 416. dvdpwiraplw] A contemptuous diminutive. 
 
 419. TbXfirjfxa k.t.X.] A line of tragic sound and weight: hence 
 Blepsidemus guesses her to be an Erinys. 
 
 421. dwoXuAaTov] The threat was e£o\w: but the result is so 
 certain that it is now looked on as completed. 
 
 424. yi tol] These particles give a proof or reason. So below in 
 1. 1 04 1, and elsewhere. 
 
L 480.] 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 59 
 
 425. a\\' ovk ^%et yap] ' But no (she can't be that), for she has no 
 torches.' 1 Well then, she shall suffer for it,' says B. 
 
 426. iravboKetirpLav k.t.X.] Women of this class seem to have been 
 proverbial for noisy abuse. Cf. Vesp. 1388 — 1410: and Ran. 858 
 Xoidopeiadai 5' ov 6£jj.is dvdpas TroirjTas Loairep aproiruiKi 5 as. 
 
 431. pdpadpov] To which constantly Aristophanes' characters con- 
 sign what they hate. Cf. Nub. 1450, Ran. 574, etc. 
 
 433» v] * I am she who etc. ' 
 
 435. KawTjXls] olvottuXls, Schol. The next line shows this, for she 
 cheats him by short measure in the cup, or by mixing water with the 
 wine. 
 
 443. ei-coXevTepov] Active in sense: the word is generally passive. 
 
 447. diroXnrovTe vol] The enclitic seems misplaced for the sense. 
 Meineke inclines to read dvoXLnovTes ei witli ipyaao/jieda tov Oeov in 
 the line before. If the text be retained, vol must be connected with 
 dvoXivovTe 'having gone away from him somewhither:' (pev^ov/xeda 
 expressing the cowardly flight from poverty. 
 
 450. volov k.t.X.] Poverty makes us defenceless, our arms are 
 pawned. 
 
 453- Tpovolov...Tp6viov] There appears to be some intention of a 
 play on the word, which is not worth reproducing in translation. The 
 genitive is used of the person for whose defeat the trophy is raised, tlov 
 ravrrjs Tpovtov 'her bad ways.' 
 
 462. avOpioiroLLTLv £ktt.] Meineke would prefer to read dvdpibiroLS 
 dyad 1 £kv., and in the next line rl 3' dp Trod' vfiets. 
 
 466. el tovto k.t.X.] It would be a greater hurt to mankind if 
 having once meant to drive out Poverty we were to forget to do it. 
 
 468. avrov] Join with toutov 'this very point.' 
 
 468 — 70. kolv jjih...el 8Z /urj] 1 If I prove my case, well : if not punish 
 me as you please.' This kind of ellipse is not uncommon. Cf. Tkesm. 
 536, Horn. //. a. 135. 
 
 476. (3 rvpLirava k.t.X.] This line and 1. 478 are better given to 
 Chremylus than to Blepsidemus. TvpLiravou *a cudgel:' the punishment 
 of beating even to death with cudgels was in use. The verb occurs in 
 the Epistle to the Hebrews xi. 35 oKXol eTvpLTraulo-Orjaau: and we read 
 of Eleazar in 2 Mace. 6. 19 avdaipiTus iirl to rvp-iravov irpoarjye. But 
 some explain tvii.tto.vov .to be the frame to which the victims were 
 bound. The Kixpuv appears to have been much the same as the kXloos: 
 cf. Vesp. 897. 
 
 480. tLplt)^ (:7ri7p.] The accuser set down the penalty which he 
 thought was deserved. This might be set down differently by the other 
 side, and was finally settled by the court. In the mock trial of the dog 
 ( Vesp. 894) the indictment concludes : tL/jltjixci kXloos cvklvos. 
 
60 PLUTUS. [1. 4 8 5 . 
 
 485- ovk 4r fc] Cf. below 1. 874 eh dyopav oi K &v 
 0<W S and L 1 133 Wpfcw 0I ) K & 00a TOiS . The construction fe 
 also found in Herod, vn. 162 and in Plato. L. and S. explain i Ts a 
 question 'Will you not be quick in doing?' Others as 'You cannot be 
 too quick in doing.' Either way it means ' Make haste and do.' 
 
 ar P ue 8 s 7 M;ft l8 ;^ C l 1 hrem ?' 1US r d P J >Vert ? argUe 0Ut the case ' Chremylus 
 Pln?n« T l and 3°°. d ° U S ht t0 be rich ' but ar e not so : if 
 
 Plutus had eyes, they would be so. Poverty says that want is the 
 
 TZ Tt ° h WOr K \ a " tmd , E and pr0S P eri ^ deP^upon Strove rty is 
 a hard teacher, but a good one: the thrifty poor may live contented- 
 
 ZZT LT lth and 1UXUry bring much evil and disea ^ Various argu- 
 ments and examples are quoted. Chremylus will not be convinced; 
 
 c\ n mperd r ?o'd^t Pr0teStmg ^ th6y WH1 ^ her back agai »' is 
 
 fiZt iE ] Cf - Herod - m - IO * * * <"»~o 
 
 489 0a,epoV -y^ai] 4 plain to see,' manifestum visu. Cf. above 
 I. 49 dTyAoj/ 7^0;^^. ' 
 
 9 492. rfpoAco; k.t.X.] The order is ^c'X« eSpofUr BotXevua 
 
 wrre yeveadat rovro, (3ovXevfia K a\6v K ai yhvaiov k.t.X. ' We desirW 
 this to be so with difficulty found a plan that it might be so.' The 
 Scholiast and commentators discuss the difference between BovXevua 
 and povX^a, words often confused and not widely different. In 
 povXev^a there is more of 'deliberation, reflectiou, inventiveness:' in 
 PovXwa more of 'wish, intention.' Here potXevpa seems preferable. 
 
 496. 4™ Tro^aec] If the good only are rich, the bad, seeing this 
 will give up their bad ways and become good, and then*ich aiso. 
 
 499- ovtls] The best mss. have ovdeis: Meineke reads ovdfr, and 
 rls in the preceding line. This does not seem good: ovdtu is not a 
 natural answer to any word in the foregoing question. N'o doubt ovdeis 
 is more forcible than ovtls. By a transposition we mighT*ee*> it ovdeis ' 
 
 rourou ' 7 cu <m fxdprvs. A similar interruption of two dffl$utants is in 
 Ran 1012 A. rt iradeiv c/> V aecs d^tos etrtu; A. re^cW /^oGro^ ep^ra. 
 Holden reads tl av etjevpois and ovdiv. ^ 
 
 501. icaico8aijiovla»] Even stronger than ^aWa j^ee above 1. 372. 
 
 remirkablf T6S] ^ ,ro ^ o£ - But the S ^%r/T^ 7rXourou<7< is 
 
 503. aiW] rd ^/jara implied in ttXovtowl. Meineke proposes 
 hesitatingly avrov, as had Hemsterhuys before him. 
 
 505. oteofr efcoJ <j>y ei K . T .X.] * Therefore I say that, if Plutus 
 shall make an end of this deity (Poverty), there is a way by Which one 
 t£n ™Si Pr ° V greatGr blGSSingS f0r men -' ™™ appears better 
 
 • IV' * K ' T ' X 1 \Y ou P air of easily gulled old fools, what you 
 
 wish for will be the worst thing possible for you.' ov X vytalvuv as above. 
 
1. 536 ] NOTES. 61 
 
 508. Zwdiaawra] 4 A pretty pair of cronies in folly and craziness.' 
 
 511. rexvyv ' . . .(ro(pLaj>] 'handicraft or profession.' Or, in the same 
 art, <ro<pla may be the theory, the inventive part, t4x v V the practice, 
 the manual part. Thus the Scholiast explains it : <ro<pla KaXti tt\v 
 iravovpyiav koL A"?X a "V, Teww r^v fierax^prjcTLP avrrju nai evepyeiav. 
 
 515. KOLpirbv Arjovs 0.] Probably a quotation from some tragic 
 writer. 
 
 521. ^7ro/i£»] 'Some merchant will sell us slaves, having got 
 them out of Th^saly from the numerous kidnappers there.' Meineke 
 adopts awLarcoy 1 to which the Scholiast gives some countenance, telling 
 us that the Thessalians were proverbially atnaroi : though yet he seems 
 to have read irXdoruv. 
 
 dj>5pairodL<TTui>] In the Scholiasts here are given two explana- 
 tions! of dvdpdirodov : dvdpdirodov etprjrai 6 wovs 6 ei> rots ^dvdpdviv 
 
 dirb Rod VTTOKtLfJLtvOV (xtpOVS T$ SKlf VTTOKCLTdL jap 6 oIk£t7]S T$ 5€(7TTOTrj 
 
 rp 6 7ro#t r£ &\<f au/JLCLTi : and etp-qrai 5t dv5pcnro5L(TT7)s irapd to 
 d7rodL5ofrdai } tovtwtl wwKeiv. Neither derivation is quite satis- 
 
 1 522. otffl ^orat] If there's no poverty, no one will run risks in 
 "er to \ get more money. The argument is not quite fair: for 
 •eVnylus wis not going to do away with Poverty altogether, merely 
 1 banish herlrom himself and his honest friends. 
 52u\ is /ck0a\^f aoL] Cf. Pac. 1063 I. w fiiXeoi 6ur]Toi Kal vrjirioi. 
 is iccqtaX^ \ot. Cf. Ach. 833 where rpeiroLTo is added. 
 
 7 
 
 530. V. B. \cnrdpais] 'with costly dyed garments.' TroLKiXofi6p<j>wi> 
 the SchoKasl explains by evxpuixdruv which seems nearly the same as 
 (3airTU)i>. TPeihips it is rather ' broidered with various patterns' as a 
 bride miglft naturally be in ' raiment of needlework.' 
 
 iov 7rX. io-TLu] 1 What advantage is it that one should 
 k has none of all these things?' Meineke reads tarai 
 \opovvTi with Valkenaer. Both the present tense and 
 : appear defensible; but forcu is a very slight change. 
 k ovvra or dwopovi/Tas. 
 
 53i- 
 be rich, if ^ 
 with PorsonJ] 
 the accusative 
 The mss. 
 
 533. eirava' 
 hence all inventi 
 
 534. 
 
 I compel men to work for their living : 
 ,ndicraft. 
 
 7reWaf] Meineke proposes ireipav, ' hunger : ' but cf. 1. 594. 
 
 535. £k fiaXaiselov] The poor from want of sufficient clothing 
 sought shelter from the cold in the baths : then exposure to the cold 
 air raised these blisters. Schol. 
 
 536. KoXoavprov] Better than KoXoavprov : for a KoXoavprds of 
 blisters is strange language. wXr)j> as preposition governs KoXoavprov 
 as well as <pcj)dui>, 4 Except blisters and a posse of starving little 
 ragamuffins and old crones. ' 
 
62 
 
 PLUTUS. 
 
 D- 537 
 
 537. (pdeipwit k.t.X.] Then there are the innumerable vermin and 
 so forth, which trouble the beggar's rest. Join oudt \4yu apidfibv, 
 * And I cannot even recount the number etc.* 
 
 540. %X €Ll/ ] This depends on iropicrai StivaC dV repeated, as do 
 ?X eLU an( i GiTeiudai in 11. 542, 3. The next few lines give a graphic 
 list of all the cheap and mean accompaniments of poverty. 
 
 545. Opavov] Only used by Aristophanes in this place. From 
 it comes BpavLr-qs (for which cf. Ach. 162) * the rower on the topmost 
 bench.' Homer has dprjpvs for footstool.' The reading varies here 
 between dpavov and dpdvovs. 
 
 546. (f>iSa.Ki>7]s] Said to be specially Attic for ttlOolkvyis. In Eq. 
 792 however we have irLdaKvaicri, and Meineke reads iridcucv-qs here. 
 
 eppojyviav kclI TavTrjv] i Broken too even this.' Several editors 
 call this a ' rara trajectio ' for Kal Tavrrji/ eppwyvlav, and bring this 
 passage and one from Plato's Rep. 341, to support their punctuation 
 tt)v irokw Kai ravr exovres in Ran. 703. See the note there. In this 
 passage the arrangement of the words ipp. k. t. appears perfectly 
 natural : * broken too this as well as the other.' 
 
 547. ayadw] 'A nice lot of blessings I prove you to bestow on 
 men, don't I ?' 
 
 548. vtreKpofou] ecpdey^ia, aveKpovvu, cltto fxercMpopas tCov KiOapCov. 
 Schol. ' It is not my life you have spoken of, but the life of beggars 
 that you are harping on.' Such appears to be the sense. Of the 
 middle voice viroKpoueadcu I find no other instance. The active is 
 used in Ar. Ach. 38 poav viroKpoveiv ' to shout, to interrupt noisily.' 
 But L. and S. refer to the Anthology for the meaning 'to accompany.' 
 And the middle avaKpoveadai — avafiaXhevdai occurs Theocr. 4. 31 icfjv 
 /iieu tcl TXavKCLs ayKpovofiou. Meineke changes the reading here to 
 iTreKpowio on the authority of Pollux, who says that Aristophanes has 
 used iiriKpoveadai in the sense of vovdeTrjcai. But the only other uses 
 of eiriKpoveip are in the active : Thesm. 1004 iiriKp. rj\ov ' to hammer 
 in a nail.' We may therefore acquiesce in vireKpovau) here. 
 
 550. vfJLels y k.t.X. ] * Yes, you may think poverty and beggary 
 own sisters, you who think Thrasybulus the tyrant-expeller and Diony- 
 sius the tyrant much the same.' A line which shows this to be the 
 later Plutus. 
 
 551. aXX' ovx ovfxds] My life is not so, nor ever will be: true 
 poverty is thriftiness, diligence, without superfluities yet without 
 wants. 
 
 555. (bs fxaKapiTrjv] A blessed life indeed the poor man's, who 
 doesn't leave even enough to pay his funeral ! 
 
 560. do-eXy&s] ' by riotous living : ' the adverb expresses the way 
 by which they come to be gouty etc. 
 
 561. (7</>7?/cw5eis] The wiry wasp-like character vexatious to foe- 
 men is well illustrated by the description which the old wasp chorus 
 give of themselves in Vesp. 1072 — 83. 
 
L 590.] 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 63 
 
 ^65. yovv\ Ironical. * A very orderly thing it is, for example, to 
 steal!' 
 
 566. vrj tov At'] Many editors reject this line : the metre wants 
 mending, and the sense, is obscure. Yet all the mss. have it, and 
 so had the Scholiast ; his note is, ' In old times stealing was no 
 disgrace if the thief was not found out.' None of the emendations 
 proposed are satisfactory 1 the sense wanted is something like this : 
 V7) tov Ala y el 5e Xaduv /cXeVret, ttujs ov rode Koapuov ian ; ' if the act is 
 not seen, how does it offend against decorum?' 
 
 567. o~ K^xpoLL k.t.X.] ' See how orators are honest while poor, but 
 are corrupted by wealth.' The truth of this Chr. at once owns, but 
 will not give up his main point. 
 
 572. Ko/j.r)<rr)s] Cf. above 1. 170. Connect together Kkawei orirj 
 £r}T€is: pLrjdev — ko/jltjo-qs is parenthetical. 
 
 575. Trrepvyifas] ' You flap and flutter' with plenty of show and 
 noise but no argument. Met. from young birds: or from a cock 
 crowing. 
 
 /cat 7rc3s] Chremylus thinks that now he has got an argument : * If 
 you, Poverty, are better than Wealth, how is it that all men fly from 
 you ?' 1 They don't like being improved.' 
 
 578. xa\e7r6f irpdyfi] ' So difficult is it to see what is right.' 
 'Then Zeus doesn't see what is best,' urges Chr., 'for he is rich.' 
 ' No he is not,' replies Poverty. 
 
 581. KpoviKcus Xt^cus] Cronos had become a proverb for all that 
 was old-world, out of date, ' ante-diluvian ' as we might say. Cf. Ntib. 
 398 Kpoviuv ofav, 929 Kpuvos i3v, 1070 Kpovnnros. Also Plat. Lys. 
 205 C,m ttoXls goei, trepl tQv irpoyovuv, ravra iroiet re /cat Xeyei, wpos 
 8e tovtois £Vt tovtwv KpoviKWTepa. For Xtj/jlolv cf. Nub. 327, el p.r) 
 
 \7}fJLq.S KoXoKVVTCLLS. 
 
 584. tVa k.t.X.] ' Where, in which.' The Olympic games were 
 celebrated at intervals of four years. Pindar (01. III. 38) calls the festi- 
 val irevraeTTipU by inclusive reckoning, as here we have di eVous 
 
 ire'/LLTTTOV. 
 
 586. kotiv$] From adj. kotlvovs : Porson's reading, kot'lv^ would 
 be subst. in apposition, kotlvov some old editions had, but the MS. 
 authority supports the dative. 
 
 587. ovkovv k.t.X.] It is not from lack of gold that Zeus gives 
 the wild olive wreath, but from miserly stinginess. . 
 
 589. Xripots] 1 trumpery, valueless trifles.' 
 
 i$] K€i<rdai the Scholiast supplies. Zeus leaves it untouched in his 
 coffers, spares to take of it. 
 
 590. trepid^ai] Cf. Ach. 640 TifjLrjv ireptd^as. Plato uses a ioyyvriv 
 irepiawTeiv, Xenophon dveXevOepiav 7r., which is exactly the quality 
 mentioned in 1. 591. 
 
64 
 
 PLUTUS. 
 
 [1. 592. 
 
 592. aXka <x4 7' 6 Zei)s] This is abuse, not argument. Chremylus 
 seems to mean 4 May you get nothing better than the olive crown ! you'll 
 find itabarren honour.' Cratinus is described in Eq. 534 as going about 
 <TT€<t>avov fi£v ^x^v a-voi* Uxpri 5' a7ro\w\ws. But the Scholiast says there is 
 a double meaning in the phrase : whence one commentator supposes 
 that kotlvQ err. o~T6<pavQ<Tai might mean ' to beat the head with a club of 
 olive-wood.' 
 
 593. rb yap toXjuloLp] ' To think that you should dare ! 1 Cf. Nub. 
 268, Ran. 741. 
 
 594. 'Ekglttjs] On the first day of the month the wealthy set out 
 at the crossways a meal for Hecate: this the poor and starving took. 
 Chremylus' argument is : The rich have enough and to spare : the poor 
 are forced to starve or steal : Hecate's offerings prove this. 
 
 600. ov yap tt€lo-€ls] * A man convinced against his will is of the 
 same opinion still.' 
 
 601. (5 7r6Xts "Apyovs] This line occurs in Eq. 813: the first half 
 is said to be from Euripides' Telephus, the last is found in Medea 168. 
 
 602. Uavacjva] Pauson was a painter : in Ach. 854 called iraii- 
 irovrjpoSf in Thesm. 949 spoken of as poor and starving. Chremylus bids 
 Poverty call Pauson, her messmate, and get his help and companion- 
 ship, but leave himself (Chremylus), and not come back till sent for. 
 
 612. aL..Ke(pa\7]v\ tj]v Kt<$>a\y\v appears to be in a kind of appo- 
 sition to <re. * It is best for me to enjoy my wealth, and, as for you, to 
 let your head ( = you) go weep.' The same phrase occurs with a 
 dative in Vesp. 584 Kkdeiv rjfxeLS fxaicpd rrjv kc^oXtjv eiirovres rrj diadrjfcy. 
 The head, as the noblest part or the part chiefly affected, stands for the 
 whole person in such phrases as yevvcuov, dito-ryvov Kapa, is Kecf>a\r,v 
 <roi : compare Lat. ' multa fleturum caput.' In this passage Ke^aXrjv 
 can hardly be (as Bergler takes it) accus. of object to K\aeiv. 
 
 619 — 626. Being now rid of Poverty Chremylus carries out his 
 plan. Plutus is taken to Asclepius' temple. After 1. 626 the choral 
 ode is lost, which should have entertained the audience during the per- 
 formance of the cure which Carion reports. 
 
 619. rj/uv] Join with o?xercu : 1 we have got rid of this plaguy 
 creature.' 
 
 623. tQv irpovpyov] 4 the needful things,' i.e. the taking Plutus to 
 the temple. 
 
 624. <rTpw/j,aTa] For Plutus to lie on. In the Frogs Xanthias 
 carries aTpujfxara for Dionysus in his journey to the nether world. 
 
 627 — 770. Carion returns with good news to the rejoicing Chorus 
 and to Chremylus' wife, whom their cries of joy attract. They require 
 a full account. He relates in amusing style how they lay down to rest 
 in the temple : how the priest made booty of the offerings ; how he and 
 an old woman did the same; how finally Asclepius went his round 
 
L 657.] 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 among the patients, and treated an impostor as he deserved, but 
 restored Plutus to sight. Plutus, he says, with a crowd of followers 
 will soon be there. 
 
 627. (3 irXeTara k.t.X.] * Ye who have sopped up most broth with 
 least meal.' For the fAvo-riXr), a kind of spoon made of bread, cf. Eq. 
 1 168, where the perf. part, of the verb is used, but rather differently. Cf. 
 also Eq. 827 dfKpoLv xepolv pLvariXdraL tCjv b-qfxoaiwv. For the use of eVt cf. 
 Ach. 855, Eq. 707, Pac. 123. The gist of Carion's address is : 4 You who 
 have had scanty fare and been glad to get a full meal at the Thesea are 
 now coming in for a good time.' 
 
 631. rCov o-avTov <f>lXwi>] Added unexpectedly, to qualify the 
 common term of address <3 (3<:Xtktt€ : ' best of your own friends and 
 fellow-slaves.' tQv ofioiuv aoi ixaGTiyiQv Schol. 
 
 635. ££wfifjLCLT(>)Tcu k.t.X.] Said by the Scholiast to be from the 
 Phineus of Sophocles. Certainly the two lines have a tragic sound. 
 The active i^ofi/jLarovv is used in Aesch. Prom. Vinct. 506 (pXoywird 
 crrjjJLCLTa i^u/mfidruaa irpbvdev ovr iirdpye/Jia. 
 
 637. x a phi'...po&p] Cause for joy, cause for shouting. These lines 
 aie rather in tragic style. 
 
 639. eviratda] Podalirius, Machaon, Panacea, and others, were 
 the children of Asclepius ; and all were skilful in their father's art. 
 See below, 1. 730. 
 
 643. tovtovL] Carion. 
 
 645. KavTr)] * Yourself too' as well as I. Carion is to have a cup 
 for his good tidings : and, as an inducement to the good wife to bring 
 it, he tells her that she will have a share. He adds, perhaps as an 
 aside, 'It is your pet weakness.' No other instance of (ptXeiv with 
 participle is adduced: but (jripyeiv is so used. Meineke quotes from 
 Eccl. 502 juiaet <t&kov irpos roiv yvaddtv ^x ov(Ta ' 
 
 647. irov \mi»;] rd dyadd. 'You will soon know them when I 
 tell the tale.' Meineke punctuates after Xeyo/utisois : ' They are in what 
 I have to tell.' 
 
 650. £k twv iro8Qi>] He simply means 'from beginning to end :' but 
 the woman catching the words is tt)v KecpaXrjv (rot, which were often an 
 imprecation 'on your head be the evil,' says 'Pray heaven it be not on 
 my head !' 'What ! do you pray that the blessings may not be on your 
 head? 0 says Carion. 'No I mean the troubles,' replies she, having 
 understood irpdy^aTa in that sense. 
 
 653. (hs yap k.t.X.] Carion tells his tale like a messenger in a 
 tragedy. 
 
 657. iXovfMev] Contr. from iXoofxev, as Xov/xevos from Xoofxevos. Cf. 
 Nub. 1044 XovadcLL and 838 KaraXoei. L. and S. say that in these forms 
 'the Attics omit the vowel of inflexion.' Rather, as KaraXdei shows, 
 the v of the long stem is omitted. This v probably represents an original 
 digamma : compare the Latin lavo, and such Homeric forms as Xoeaad- 
 fievos, Xoerpd point to Xo as the verbal stem. 
 
 G. P. 
 
 5 
 
66 
 
 PLUTUS. 
 
 P. 657- 
 
 etiSalfxuv dp*] This is said with a touch of pity and doubt whether 
 the cold water cure was for the old man's happiness. 
 
 661. iriXavos] It is impossible to translate this otherwise than by 
 making iriXavos an explanation of iroirava kol it po6 ] v /mar a. But, though 
 often used of a sacrificial offering, irtXavos does not suit well if thus 
 taken. 7r. koI irp. cannot reasonably be called 'a moist or clotted 
 mixture,' which seems the meaning of irtXavos. Bergk proposes p.£- 
 Xavos : which Meineke thinks probable. Possibly a line has been lost, 
 which gave another verb to iroirava Kai irp., and a conjunction to 
 KaduKTLdbOr} irfXavos. Against relinquishing the word ireXavos there is its 
 frequent sacrificial use: e. g. Eur. Ion, 706 KaXXi(f>Xoya irtXavov iirl 
 irvpl naO ay vivas. Cf. Aesch. Ag. 96, Pers. 204. And the whole line 
 reads like a quotation from a tragedy, as indeed Holden prints it. 
 
 663. irapeKaTTvero] Properly Karrveadai is of shoe-maker's stitching. 
 Cf. Eq. 314 old' iyCj rb irpdyix' 66 ev Karrverai, in the mouth of Cleon 
 the tanner. Here it is of heaping up the materials for a o-ri(3ds. 
 
 665. N eoKXeldijs] Called NeoKXeidrjs 6 yXapaav in Eccl. 254, 398. 
 The Scholiast says he was an orator. 
 
 666. vireprjKOVTLKev] Cf. Eq. 659 hiaKoviaiGi ^ovalv vweprjKOVTio'a, 
 and Av. 363. 
 
 669. irapriyyetX' iyK.] Porson's correction for iraprjyyeiXev KaO. 
 
 673. ddapijs] The porridge was brought as an offering by the old 
 woman, being (says the Scholiast) the food which toothless old women 
 usually eat. e&irXr}TTe 'scared me,' i.e. kept me awake. 
 
 677. <f>dois] acc. pi. contracted from 006icts, as oh from otas in 
 Attic dialect. 
 
 679. irepirjXde] So in the History of Bel we read that 'in the night 
 came the priests, as they were wont to do, and did eat and drink up all ' 
 of the offerings made to the idol. 
 
 681. ijyifcp] Ironically said of the priestly theft, in which he pre- 
 tends to see iroXXriv bciav 'great holiness.' If it was right in the priest 
 to take the cakes, so was it right (he argues) for him to take the 
 porridge. 
 
 685. vrj tovs deobs] 'Yes, I feared that the god would come, gar- 
 lands and all, and eat the porridge.' Asclepius was represented on 
 coins as wearing a chaplet of laurel. 
 
 687. 6 ydp lepeds] 'His priest had given me a lesson* to make 
 the best of my time and get all I could. 
 
 689. TTjp % e V vtyrjpeC] Meineke, from Dobree, adopts dpao J> iKpipei. 
 The Scholiast says eKrelvei Kara rrjs xv T P a * '^ va I^V^ S a^rrju Xaprj. 
 Plainly the old woman made some attempt to save the porridge : upon 
 which Carion bit her hand, frightened her, and got the porridge. But 
 v<f>Xip€i rrjv x € ^P a can hardly mean this : we want a word meaning ' she 
 advanced' to contrast with irdXiv dvto-rrao-ev in 1. 691. Holden, reading 
 
1 725-] 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 apaa\ explains it 'raising her hand:' supplying rrju x € ?P a > which has 
 wrongly crept from a marginal note into the text. 
 
 690. irapeias] These snakes were sacred to Asclepius, and kept in 
 his temple. Their bite was not dangerous. Demosthenes mentions 
 them De Corona 313, roi>s 6<peis tovs irapeias dXifiuv Kal virkp rrjs 
 K€<pa\7js aiupCw. The name irapeias was given them from the puffed 
 shape of their heads probably. But the word is also written irapuas, 
 and L. and S. take it to be from their reddish-brown colour. 
 
 694. £<p\a)i>] Cf. Pac. 1306 <$>Xdv tolvtcl wavra kcll airodelv. 
 
 708. iKeTuos] Asclepius. 
 
 712. \ldtvov\] The wife begins to distrust Carion's veracity, and 
 points out the absurdity of a kl^tlov of stone : then again, how could 
 Carion see all this, if he was wrapped up? But the slave is equal to the 
 occasion : his doublet has loop-holes to spy through. 
 
 716. (pap/uLdKov k.~] 'A plaster or poultice.' <pdp/j.aKa are dis- 
 tinguished as KCLTairXcKTTa, xP L0 " ra i Tora, j3p6(Ti/uLa. Aeschylus in Prom. 
 Vinct. 480 speaks of three kinds : ovk fjv dX&^i' ovbtv, oure ppcbaL/uLou, 
 ov xP l(JT ^ v t °ti T€ iTKJTbv. Also ewnraaTa (pdpjjLCLKa were used : Homer's 
 leech treats a wound £tt' rjiria QapixaKa irao-crwv. Of the KardirXafffxa 
 or %inr\a.(rTpov this passage of Aristophanes gives a good description. 
 The solids are pounded (Tpifieiv, Z(p\a) then liquids are added to dilute 
 
 it (8l£jUL€VOS). 
 
 718. Trjvluv] Tenos was one of the Cyclades, noted for serpents 
 and garlic. 
 
 719. dirbv Kal a-xtvov\ Both, as the Scholiast says, 5t)ktlk&: as also 
 is the Sphettian vinegar. Sphettus was a deme of Attica. Either 
 sharp vinegar was made there, or the people were iriKpol, as one Scholiast 
 tells us. 
 
 720. 5l£iul€vos] From ddrj/uLi : perhaps the only classical instance of 
 its use in this meaning. 
 
 724. KaTaireirKaofxhos] 1 Plastered over, with your plaster on.' 
 Neocleides is bidden in Eccl. 404 to anoint his eyes with garlic and fig- 
 juice. 
 
 725. vTrofivrjjjLevop] In Attic law vir 6 jj.i>v<rd at was 'to swear that 
 there was a cause for non-attendance/ such as illness. 'I will make 
 you stay away from the assembly, putting in an affidavit of the reason, 
 namely, illness.' This seems the meaning with rrjs iKtcXTjcrlas. But the 
 Scholiast read rats iKKXTjaCais 'at the assemblies:' then the participle 
 vTTOfjLvvfLevov must be taken with iraixru) 'I will stop you from hindering 
 business by putting in false pleas, from being an obstructive. ' kTroiwi^vov 
 was the old MS. reading. This one Scholiast explains i<pe8petJ0VTa Kal 
 avKo<paPTovvra virtp tov nepdaiveiv. But others appear to be explaining 
 virofivvfievov. In any case Asclepius seems to mean that he will stop 
 Neocleides deluding the assembly by false allegations or excuses, giving 
 him, for once, a real reason to stay away. 
 
 5—2 
 
68 
 
 PLUTUS. 
 
 [1. 727. 
 
 727. IlXovTWPi] Though IL\ouTU)i> and UXovtos be connected etymo- 
 logically, yet the use of YIXovtwvi for UXovrcp here has no apparent 
 reason. It is thought by some to be a diminutive of endearment, as 
 yXLo-xpw from yXiaxpos. Meineke proposes UXovrcp Vt, that is nXovry 
 kri, 'he further went and sat by Plutus.' This has an awkward sound. 
 Holden proposes UXovrtp ye. The particle ye appears at least useless. 
 
 729. 7}!jlltv(3iov] Said to be an Egyptian word. The first part 
 looks like Greek ; but the Greeks when adopting a foreign word would 
 write and modify it to suit their own language. Hippocrates uses it : it 
 seems therefore a medical word : and Egyptian physicians were re- 
 nowned in ancient times. 
 
 730. UavoLKeta] Daughter of the god. Cf. 1. 639. 
 
 733. dpoLKovr] Serpents were everywhere associated with the 
 worship of Aesculapius : he was transferred from Epidaurus to Rome, as 
 the legend runs, in the form of a serpent. 
 
 £k tov ve&] The patients were within the rifxevos (1. 659) but not in 
 the actual vews. 
 
 736. irepitXeixov] According to the legend serpents in the same 
 way purged the ears of Cassandra and Helenus, that they might under- 
 stand divine sounds and be able to prophesy. There is perhaps a 
 special fitness in the ministration of serpents to heal the sight, as their 
 name (bp&Kwv) denotes keenness of sight. This the Scholiast notices 
 here ; giving also as a reason for their attendance on the god of healing, 
 that they renew their youth by casting their skin, and removal of 
 disease is a kind of restoration of youth. 
 
 737. irptv ae k.t.X.] The measure of time is ludicrously adapted 
 to the bibacity of the woman : for which see above 1. 645. 
 
 742. irws boKeis] Cf. note on Nub, 881. It must be connected 
 with r)0"ira£ovTo. 
 
 746. on fiX.] The 1 is scanned long before /3A, which is according 
 to rule. Bentley however proposed otlt} here. 
 
 750. vir€p<pvr)s oaos] A very common combination of adj. and 
 relative ; as also is virepQv&s (as, 
 
 751—56. ol yhp...ap.a\ The honest men are all glad, the rogues 
 are sad and sorry. 
 
 757. oi 5'] That is ol dticcuoi. 
 
 758. iKTvireiTo k.t.X.] Mock-tragic in style. For KTVireladai in 
 place of the usual Krvireiv cf. Thesm. 995 afupi 5£ aol KTviretrai Kt- 
 daip&vios tixlo. In the same play 1. 121, 985 evpvdfios is used as epithet 
 to Acpou^tara, ttoi's. 
 
 760. i% ivbs Xoyov] i Beginning at one word of command, at once, 
 with one accord.' 
 
 764. wadrjcrai eua77^Aia] Cf. Eq. 647 elr' kaTecpwow /u' evayytXia. 
 
L 788.] 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 69 
 
 765. KpifiavuTLbp] Some would read KpipaviTuv, as in Ach. 87, 
 ri23 Kpt(3apLT7)s is the form used. 
 
 768. KCLTaxvfffiaTa] Nuts, figs, etc. were showered by way of 
 welcome on a bride entering her home, or on a newly bought slave. 
 Cf. Demosth. 1123, ij rot KaTaxvo'^ara clvtov kclt4x €€ r 6P fyM twqBr}. 
 The wife says that they must welcome Plutus' newly acquired eyes with 
 a shower of bonbons. 
 
 771 — 801. A Ko/AfiaTiov or short stanza of the Chorus is wanting. 
 Plutus comes in, ashamed of his former blindness, and determined to 
 make up for it now by enriching good men. Chremylus follows, 
 annoyed at the crowds that press on him now that he is prosperous. 
 Then Plutus is welcomed by Chremylus' wife and they enter the 
 house. 
 
 771. kclI irpo<TKvvC} ye] Plutus' first words are a continuation or 
 answer to something which has gone before : as the particles Kal... ye 
 show. Meineke thinks something has been lost. Holden thinks them 
 a quotation. 
 
 775. o'Iols k.t.X.] Explanatory of crvficpopas : 'I am ashamed of 
 my wretched state, ashamed, that is, to think what rogues I consorted 
 with and knew it not.' 
 
 778. iiceiv] The being with rogues, ravra the shunning honest 
 men. 
 
 779. ird\iv dfCKrr.] 'having just reversed all this.' 
 
 781. ivedidovv] Meineke reads iiredidovv. Cf. Thesm. 213 dye 
 vvv iireidri aavrbv iiridLdus ifiol. L. and S. refer to Eur. Tro. 687 
 €vd6vT€$ rvxv irapciaav avTotis kv/jlcltuv bpofnjixacriv, but avroits there is 
 governed by irapetaav rather than by ivdovres. Either compound seems 
 defensible, and the MS. authority rather for ivedLdovv. 
 
 782. /3ct\\' is k.] To the troublesome crowd, or to one of them. 
 Such an exclamation might do for many as well as for one. Cf. Eg. 
 634 &ye 097, 2kLtcl\oi. 
 
 783. ol <t>aiv6iAtvoi\ This is quite satisfactory, dvcppcuvonevoi the 
 conjecture of Hemsterhuys is neat but needless. The article with the 
 participle is wanted ; and \ the friends that turn up, are visible ' is 
 excellent sense. 
 
 784. vvttovcti Kal <f>\wcri] 1 poke and bruise my shins ' by crowding 
 round me. Some explain 0\wcri of touching the knees in supplication : 
 but vvTTovai cannot mean that, and the two verbs with one accusative 
 dvTLKi/rjiuLLa must be of similar meaning. 
 
 787. TrepLe<TT€</>di>(j0<T€v] Not irifirjo-ep, as Schol. explains; but 
 simply 4 surrounded.' 
 
 788. w <PI\tclt] Chremylus' wife returns, according to promise, 
 with the bonbons. kclI <rt> Kal cn> to Plutus and Chremylus. 
 
70 
 
 PLUTUS. 
 
 [1. 790. 
 
 790. /^Sa^tws] Plutus declines, because it would be unfitting to 
 celebrate the entry of wealth by emptying the house of anything. 
 
 792. fiXtyavTos] 1 having become able to see, having got back my 
 sight.' A similar use of the aorist is iireidr] Qijo-evs epaalXevaev, ' when 
 Theseus became king,' Thuc. 11. 15. 
 
 796. ZireiTa k.t.X.] * Then too we shall escape the charge of 
 vulgarity. For it ill beseems a dramatic poet to raise a laugh by a 
 scramble among the audience for nuts and figs.' In Vesp. 58 Aris- 
 tophanes disclaims such devices : rj/uup yap ovk Zgt otfre Kapv 6k 
 (popfxldos dovXw diappurTovvTe rols deoj/nfrois. For the use of <pbprov cf. 
 Pac. 748, toiglvt' dcpeXwv kclkcl teal fyoprov. 
 
 800. Ae^tviKos] Plainly he was some poor man who was standing 
 up eager for the expected scramble. 
 
 802 — 957. Carion comes out and gives an amusing description of 
 the new wealth of his master. An honest man, who is prosperous now 
 but was poor before, comes to thank Plutus, and to hang up his old 
 garments as a memorial. While he and Carion talk together, an 
 informer enters, whose trade is spoilt. He and his complaints and 
 threats are mocked at : they strip him of his clothes, put on him the 
 old rags of the honest man, and send him away to the bath-house. 
 
 803. fjLTjdh At no expense, no outlay. 
 
 805. Zirei<jir£iraiK€v'] Said by the Scholiast to be a military term used 
 of an invader, dairaieiv is used by Sophocles. O. T. 1252 (3o<3v yap 
 elatTrawev Oldlwovs. The influx of good things is put comically as a 
 riotous invasion which they have not deserved (ovdZv ^lktikocflv) : at 
 the same time this last is a sarcasm on the usual mode of acquiring 
 wealth at Athens : ws t&v woXXuv, /xaAiOTci t&v 'AdrjpaLOJi/, e£ ddirias 
 ttXovtovvtwv. 
 
 806. ourw to irX.] * In this way to get rich is sweet.' There's 
 a peculiar pleasure in wealth obtained thus. This line looks like an 
 alternative for 1. 802. 
 
 807. cwOoafALov] Ci. Ran. 1 150 kibvvve, iriveis olvov ovk dv0oo~/M'iav, 
 
 810. <f>p£ap] Some vessel for oil, not literally 4 a well or spring.' 
 
 813. aairpovs] Meineke would change here, as elsewhere, to 
 uadpovs. In meaning the distinction commonly observed is that cadpos 
 is ' mouldering, crumbling to pieces from decay,' of rotten wood, ships, 
 garments, etc. ; aairpos, ' rancid, sour, putrid,' of flesh, fish, etc. But 
 the two qualities may co-exist in the same thing : and the words are 
 etymologically akin. And the verb is used in both senses. Hence 
 it appears safest to follow the mss. Cf. above 1. 542 aairpds (popfios. 
 
 815. Ittvos] Whether 'oven' here, or 'lantern,' as in Pac. 841, 
 is doubtful. 
 
 dpTLd^ofxeu] The game which Horace (Sat. II. 3. 248) calls 1 ludere 
 par impar.' The Scholiast tells us that it was also called £uya fj 
 a£vya. Guessing whether the number of coins held up was odd or 
 even was the point of the game. 
 
L 853.] NOTES. 71 
 
 820. vv k.t.X.] A triple sacrifice appears to have been the right 
 thing. It was called tpittijs. The Latins had the name 1 suove- 
 taurilia' for a sacrifice of pig, sheep, and bull. The combination of 
 (3ov&uTeip with the other words may be compared with Av. 1232, 
 fj,7]\oa<payeij/ re (3ov6vtois ew &rxdpcus. 
 
 822. Zdaicve] Cf. Ach. 18 idi)xOr)v vtto kovlcls ras 6<f)pvs. 
 
 823. -rraiddpiou] A slave is carrying his old doublet : cf. 1. 842. 
 826. 8tj\op 8ti k.t.X.] Holden punctuates with a full stop after 
 
 drjXov 6tl : to avoid drjXov 8n being followed by the weaker cos Zoikcls 
 in one sentence. His reading will be "Tis plain you are that (pros- 
 perous). You are, methinks, one of the honest.' And Meineke says 
 these two di}Xov 8tl and us Zolkcls, 'adversis frontibus sibi repugnant.' 
 This is questionable. £ot/cas need not really imply doubt, and may 
 well enough go with drjXov 6'ri. 1 Nimirum, ut videtur ' Brunck renders 
 it. The personal construction of Zolkcls is common. 
 
 830. £irr)pKovv] I helped my friends in need, thinking that this 
 would be repaid to me should I be in need. 
 
 837. ol 5' ij-erptirovTo] Lucian, in his Timon, represents Timon 
 as finding the same ingratitude : ol 8Z irbppudev IbouTes ertpav iicrpt- 
 ttovtcu.. 
 
 kovk idoKOvv] Cf. Pac. 105 1 fir] vvv bpau 5okQiul€u avrov. 
 
 839. avxp-os yap uv r. o~k.] 1 A drought that there was in your 
 vessels.' Your vessels were no longer well supplied : your table no 
 longer wealthy : hence your friends deserted you. 
 
 840. ovx} vvv] cLiroXXval fie avxfios. I am not now poor: and 
 therefore in return for my prosperity (wff uv) I come to give thanks to 
 the god Plutus. 
 
 842. 0ecoV] Plainly this, the MS. reading, is right. Brunck rashly 
 accepts irpbs rov Oebv. The exclamation 1 in the name of the gods ! ' 
 is perfectly natural : the proposed correction is doubtful Greek. 
 
 845. p-Cov eveixvrjdris /c.t.X.] The initiated wore the garments of 
 their initiation till they fell to pieces : then dedicated them to some 
 god. To the ragged garments at the Eleusinia there is allusion pro- 
 bably in Pan. 404. With fxeyaXa understand fxvarr)pLa. Notice that 
 the iv in the compound verb has its force, 'were you initiated in it,' 
 i. e. 1 wearing it.' 
 
 847. trwexei/xd^ero] Shoes as well as coat have been old friends 
 through cold and storm. 
 
 849. x a P^ €VT ^ V] Said with irony 1 Very pretty gifts these !' 
 
 850. delXaios] The penultima is scanned short, as in Nub. 1474 
 oifJLOL detXaios. 
 
 853. (TvyKtKpa/jLai] Cf. Soph. Ant. 131 1, deiXala 8t avyK^K pa/mat 
 5i5cx. The Scholiast thinks the metaphor is from wine. And iroXv<p6pos 
 is explained as 1 strong,' woXv<p6pos otVos being wine that will bear 
 much admixture of water : for which idea cf. Eq. 1188 ws ^<5i)s, c3 ZeD, 
 
72 
 
 PLUTUS. 
 
 [1. 856. 
 
 Kal rd rpla <pkpwv KaXQs. Even if this be the right explanation of 
 7ro\v(/)6pos, yet to press the metaphor in o-vyK^Kpafiai would make the 
 sufferer to be the water mixed with (and weakening) his own calamity. 
 If Aristophanes meant this, he meant the whole phrase to be in 
 ridicule of his tragic contemporaries. It is not likely that Sophocles 
 and Aeschylus meant K^Kpacrdai d6a, otKTU) otherwise than 'to be 
 plunged in.' And iroXv<j>6pu> is also explained 7roXXd kolkcl (ptpovri. 
 Of land it means 1 fruitful, bearing much good : ' therefore why not of 
 a fortune ' bearing much evil ' ? 
 
 856. — 9. ov yap k.t.X.] Am I not shamefully treated, who have 
 lost everything by Plutus' recovery of sight ? Meineke doubts the cor- 
 rectness of irpdypLCLTa irtwovda, and would prefer xPW aTa i t0 De taken 
 with airoXwXeKus. 
 
 859. ai dUai] The informer means to have 'legal' redress. Carion 
 now knows at once the stamp of the man : it is a bad coinage. 
 
 863. kclXcos iroi&v air.] ' He does quite right in being ruined; it is 
 quite right he should be ruined.' Generally ye is added in this phrase, 
 as in Pac. 271 ev ye...iroLQ)v awoXuX' iiceivos. And it is a sort of polite 
 thanks 'Very kind of him to do so.' 
 
 865. inroaxo^evos] Plutus was to make rich all the good men. The 
 informer reckons himself among the good. 
 
 868. rlva] 'Whom has he harmed'? 'Why me.' 'Were you then 
 a rogue?' 'No, it's you that are the dishonest rogues: and no doubt 
 you've got my money.' 
 
 870. ov fiev ovv k.t.X.] 'Nay rather there is no honesty in any one 
 of you.' vfx&v, which is emphatic, depends on ovSevds, which is masc. 
 and not adverbial, either here or in 1. 362 (as some commentators say), 
 but a possessive genitive, 'belonging to any one of you.' 
 
 872. copapbs] iwrjpfjLhos Kal fx^ya (ppoptop. Schol. In Aristophanes 
 this adjective is generally with a verb of 'going, moving:' as Ach. 672 
 cofiapbv £\6£, Nub, 406 (piperai <ro(3ap6<>, Pac, 83 aopapCos x^P a * 
 
 874. ovk av <f>davoLs\ See note on 1. 485. 
 
 876. olfiui^dpa] olfiuj^eL apa, Cf. Pac. 532 Kkavaapa <rv. 
 
 881. e7rei k.t.X.] He answers his own question, 'Yes, you are an 
 accomplice : for whence else this coat ?' 
 
 884. daKTvXiov] A magic ring that can avert danger or illness. In 
 Athenaeus is a fragment of Antiphanes, where a man says that if he 
 has a pain 7rapd ^eprdrou daKTvXios iarl fioi dpaxpys. Eudamus and 
 Phertatus were persons who sold such charms. 
 
 885. dAV ovk fyeo-Ti] The sense is plain, 'Your ring is of no avail 
 against an informer's bite :' but the Greek, as it stands, is not complete. 
 Dobree thinks one or more lines have been lost. dXX' ov weplea-Tai, dXX' 
 ovk aveijei are conjectures. Holden suggests eir^br] or EWts for ^vecri, 
 which may have been a marginal note. Or, as one Scholiast tells us 
 
1. 906.] 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 73 
 
 that driyfioLTos is the genitive after daKrvXios understood. Holden sup- 
 poses ov yap earl to have been his reading: 'the ring is not a ring of an 
 intormer's bite:' i.e. 'a ring valid against an informer's bite.' 
 
 889. t$ ye acp] ' You are after no good.' 'No good to you cer- 
 tainly/ 
 
 890. d€LTrvr)(T€Tov] The savoury smell of Chremylus 1 preparations 
 within reaches him. He maintains still that is at his cost they will feed. 
 
 891. cos d-rj V dXrjdeLa] 'Utinam haec vera sint, tuque prae inedia 
 disrumparis.' Meineke £ir' dXydeia rQp <roi XeXeypL^vcov 'on condition 
 of the truth of your words.' This seems the right explanation of iir' 
 dXrjdela. But the informer has just said they were going to feast at his 
 cost ; therefore the whole sense must be : 'I wish we were going to do 
 so, and that you and your witness might burst, not with eating indeed, 
 but with spite and envy at seeing us eat while you get nothing.' And 
 as diappayelys might naturally first suggest a literal bursting from over- 
 eating, the last words are added as an after-thought. The whole answer 
 is equivalent to an angry denial: hence in the next line dpveXadov. 
 
 894. XPVf jLa re/jLaxuv] Cf. Ach. 150x0 xpVf Ma tto-pvottlov : also Nub. 
 2, Eq. 1219. 
 
 895. v v] 6<T(ppaLv6fi€vos tovt6 (pTjaL. Schol. 
 
 896. oVc/>0aiVei rt] The regular case after oV</>p., a verb of sense, is 
 the genitive, as in rod \f/vxovs. But a neuter accus. such as n can follow 
 any verb, being rather acc. of respect 'at all' than strictly the object of 
 the 6<T<ppr)(ris. 
 
 897. ap.TT^x era{ - T -] The informer is in wretched plight, wearing a 
 threadbare coat. They strip him afterwards and give him one that is 
 even worse. But what necessity is there for altering the text violently 
 to dfufre'ZeTaL or d^0ie?, as De Velsen and Meineke propose to do? 
 
 903. yewpybs] A husbandman would, in the just man's estimation, 
 be probably xPVO"ros. But the informer is not such a mad fool as to 
 follow this profitless trade. 
 
 904. (TKyjirrofiaL 7'] Merchants had certain exemptions from service 
 and taxes. Hence it would pay to pretend that trade. Demosth. c. 
 Apaturium 893 speaks of the dishonest use made of these privileges by 
 pretended merchants, M irpo(pd<T€L rod £/j.wopeveadai cvKocpavrovvTas. 
 
 orav ruxcu] Meineke denies that this can mean anything suitable, 
 and would read orav rvxy 'when it chance to be needful, when occasion 
 requires.' The Scholiast's orav y^vrjTat Kaipos iroX^fiov may seem to 
 support this change. But the Greeks do use a personal construction 
 where we prefer an impersonal : as ws lot/cas, cos doKeis (see above 1. 826), 
 'as it seems likely.' And if 'when it so happen '= 'when occasion 
 happen to need it,' why should not 'when I so happen '= 'when I hap- 
 pen to need it '? 
 
 906. /JLTjdh 7r.] 'If you did nothing:' the negative ju^with participle 
 is conditional. 
 
74 
 
 PLUTUS. 
 
 [1. 908. 
 
 908. ri fxadwv;] Cf. Nub. 1507 and 340, and the notes there. 
 The answer povXojuLai refers to the Athenian principle that any one who 
 wished (d pouXo/nevos) might bring a charge, make a speech, propose a 
 measure. This is made clear below at 1. 918. 
 
 910. col irp. firjSeit] 'when it does not concern you.' irpocr\Kov is 
 abs. like e£dz>, irapov. As the col in sense belongs to irpocrjKov, it cannot 
 be enclitic: and et col appears more correct than el' col which other 
 texts have. 
 
 912. /c^7T0e] Cf. Pac. 1067 koX Ktircpoi rpr/pcoves aXco7r€Ki8evai fid- 
 Xeo^e. The Scholiast here tells us how silly the /ceV^os is, and how it 
 lets itself be enticed by foam thrown before it. It is first described as 
 opveov a<frpov oirep (piXei 6clX&ttiov dcppbv ecdleiv. 
 
 914. to fiev ovv /3.] No : to interfere (iroXvirpayixoveiv) isn't doing 
 good : but to help the law is, and so is not to suffer any one to commit 
 offence. 
 
 916. ovkovv k.t.X.] Well : but are not the SiKadraL on purpose for 
 this duty? Meineke doubts the correctness of kclO'lctticlv apxw, and 
 would read dpxnv. 
 
 919. woV els eV tjk€l] The informer is (he concludes) as he pro- 
 fessed, iwifjieXriTip of all state matters, (cere 'so that, and so' appears 
 perfectly right : Meineke's ws is no improvement. 
 
 920. irpoo'TaTTiv'] Cf. Pac. 684 avrcp irovqpbv irpoCTdr'qv eweypa- 
 xf/aro. Every /zerot/cos at Athens must have a Trpoardr^^ ' a patron or 
 protector.' 
 
 923. dLarpL^Tj] The man's 'occupation' is gone, if he cannot 
 continue informer. No other life is worth living. The informer in 
 the Birds (1. 1451) has much the same spirit. He and his grandfather 
 before him have driven this trade, and he will not ' disgrace his 
 family.' 
 
 924. fjLeTajULaOoLs] A good example of this word is in Plat. Rep, 
 413 A, where it is said that 'a false opinion departs voluntarily from 
 one who learns better (rou ^raixowQavovroi). ' 
 
 925. B(xttov a.] Battus founded Cyrene : silphium abounded 
 there. And on Cyrenian coins Battus was represented holding this plant. 
 ' Battus' silphium ' appears to have passed into a proverb for something 
 rich and rare. Laserpicium is the Latin for the plant : and Catullus 
 speaks of ' laserpiciferae Cyrenae. ' 
 
 926. Karddov] The best arrangement seems to be to give this to 
 Atjccuos, then ouros, col Xtyei and ravra — Xtyei to Carion. The informer 
 does not at first understand that he can be called upon to strip, and in 1. 
 928 dares any one to approach. 
 
 929. oiiKovv k.t.X.] Cleverly mocking the informer's words : see 
 above 1. 918. 
 
 930. fJLed' rjne'pav] By night such stripping was not uncommon, 
 especially at Athens. Cf. Ran. 715. 
 
I. 970 ] 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 75 
 
 932. opg.s] Addressed to his witness. 
 
 935. dbs ait] To the just man, or to the slave who is carrying his 
 doublet. 
 
 938 — 40. Zireira k.t.X.] They can't be better placed than on a 
 rogue like this : Plutus himself deserves better raiment. 
 
 941. ifi(3adioLs] i.e. the just man's shoes. The informer is to serve 
 as a post on which to nail up the offering. 
 
 946. ical cijklvov] 'Some helper and fellow of my own grain,' 
 which he expresses by atitavos 'of fig- wood,' without meaning to 
 reproach his own trade of avKocp&PTTjs, of which he is proud. If how- 
 ever we take kolv avKivov (with Meineke and others) it will be * even of 
 fig wood,' i.e. 'weak, of no great worth ;' for the wood of the fig-tree 
 was all but useless, and uvklvol dvdpes in Theocr. X. 45 is a term of 
 reproach. And then there would be no reference meant by the avKo- 
 (pdvTTjs to his own trade; though the audience might so apply it. There 
 seems to be an intentional alliteration or similarity of beginning in 
 av^vyov Kai avKivov, which is perhaps better with the old reading /ecu. 
 In Ach. 180 men are described as irplvivoi and a<pev8afj.nuoL to express 
 toughness. 
 
 948. KaraXvei r-qv 5.] A charge readily listened to at Athens. 
 The informer may almost be supposed to be quoting from one of his 
 former speeches. 
 
 952. /SaXcwetof] Thither the beggars resorted : of whose ragged 
 choir the informer in his newly-donned garments was fit to be first 
 fiddle. But even there he will not be tolerated. 
 
 959 — 1094. Carion with the just man and the informer being gone, 
 the Chorus remain. They probably sang an interlude after 1. 958 in the 
 first edition of the play. An old woman then enters, complaining that 
 she has lost her young lover, who used to court her when she was rich 
 and he was poor. Mow things are changed by Plutus' recovery of 
 sight. While she and Chremylus (who has come out to her) are 
 talking, the young man comes in, and jeers at her, Chremylus pre- 
 tending sympathy but joining in the ridicule. They then enter the 
 house. 
 
 960. v£ov] 1 New ' because of his newly-recovered sight. 
 
 963. fi€ipaKL(TK7}] In ridicule : as is cbpi/cws : which certainly 
 means ' like a young girl, in the fashion of sweet seventeen.' Cf. Ach. 
 272 d)piKi)i> v\r)(p6pov. The age meant by pceipa^ was from fourteen to 
 twenty-one. Of course the old woman acts and speaks in imitation of 
 a young girl. 
 
 965. firj drjr 9 ] No need to call : for Chremylus hearing the arrival 
 comes out. 
 
 970. icai ad] The last visitor was a avKocpavrris : so Chremylus 
 thinks this may be another of the same breed but of opposite sex. 
 
76 
 
 PLUTUS. 
 
 [1. 972. 
 
 972. aXX' ov k.t.X.] The courts of law in which the dtKaaral presided 
 were inscribed with certain letters ; and each fo/caor?)? drew lots for his 
 special court. To this there is allusion in 1. 277 and 1. 1167 of this 
 play. It was a heavily punishable offence to sit as dicast when not 
 allotted (ov Xa%w^). But here for idlKafcs, or for Zicpives, is put Zwives. 
 And in feasts the order of drinking was also settled by lot, perhaps by 
 some drawing of letters. Hence the whole meaning will be * Did you 
 drink without having duly drawn the lot according to your letter?' i.e. 
 1 Did you drink out of turn ? ' Chremylus means to mock at the old 
 woman as a tippler. Her appearance no doubt suggested this : she 
 was probably fat and bloated : cf. below 1. 1037. So when she denies 
 being an informer, he thinks 'Oh! you have been a wretched old 
 tippler, who used not to drink fair but take too much, and now you 
 have lost your money and blame Plutus.' To which she answers that it 
 is not so, she is anything but fat, she is wasted and pining. 
 
 979. Tavra 7ra*>0'] y av ra iravd* Holden, which is perhaps better. 
 The MSS. have irdvra tclvO' or tclvtcl iravd\ 
 
 982. dv] Expressing habit : very common in Aristophanes esp. 
 with imperfect. 
 
 987. ov woWa k.t.X.] Ironical. A very modest beggar was your 
 lover ! If (as may be gathered from Lucian) virodrj/maTa were pur- 
 chaseable for two drachmae, the sums mentioned may be large for their 
 purpose. 
 
 989. fuo~r)Tlas] This must certainly mean ' greediness ' here : the 
 other meaning given in L. and S. 'passionate lust* makes no sense. 
 And in Av. 1620 firj dirodidy fJLiarjTia, it is of one who, having promised 
 an offering to the gods, does not pay it 'through greediness, stinginess.' 
 Even the little that my lover did ask (says the doating old woman) he 
 asked not from a wish to get all he could out of me, but from love, 
 wishing for keepsakes. 
 
 992. eKvojuLiuTCLTa] Chremylus takes her very word, see ]. 98L 
 
 994. iravv] Meineke objects to iro\v...irdvv and proposes 7roXu 
 
 fJLtd£o~T7]K€l', TToXv. 
 
 995. tovtovI] It had been sent back to her, and so she had it 
 with her. 
 
 999. afirjTa] cTdos 7r\aKovvros ydXctKTudovs. Schol. Perhaps richer 
 and better than her irXaKovs : it was to show that he did not now want 
 her gifts being himself rich. 
 
 1002. TraXcu ac.t.X.] A proverb of any who are past their prime. 
 ' The Milesians were stout fellows in their day : ' and you were a beauty 
 doubtless, but are so no more. The Scholiast tells us how the Milesians 
 lost their former fame : also that the line was given by the oracle as an 
 answer, when the god was consulted whether the Milesians should be 
 called in as allies. There may be an allusion to this proverb in Vcsp. 
 1060 — 3. 
 
1 1036.] 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 77 
 
 1003. fioxQypbs] * Not a bad sort of fellow,' a man of some sense 
 and taste, not to take such an old frump for choice. 
 
 1004. ZireLTa] To this word Dobree, Meineke, and others, object. 
 Holden says that if ZireLTa is right, it must mean * And so, since things are 
 thus, or since he is of this character.' Not a very natural sense for ^weira. 
 It seems rather to mean * later on, afterwards,' and to be contrasted with 
 irpo tov of the next line: nor, had icpb tov or wpb tov [xkv been followed by 
 ZireiTa, would there have been any difficulty. The past tense rjv may ac- 
 count for f-wena. ' Plainly he was all along (in the past time) no fool — he 
 took this old woman from necessity, not from choice — and now afterwards 
 having become rich he no longer contents himself with common fare, 
 whereas before he would eat anything.' Meineke reads iirel fa- 
 ttXovtcov. 
 
 1008. iK<f>opdv ;] As in Eur. Ale. 422 d\\' itctyopdv yap rovde 
 drjcrofiai veKpov. The old won. u is only fit for burying: cf. Vesp. 1365 
 wpatas aopov of an old person. Nearly the same rejoinder is made in 
 Eccles. 926 oiiKovv iir y €K(popdv ye. 
 
 ion. 0d/3ioi>] (3&tlop mss. Bentley corrected to (p&TTiov, Meineke 
 to <pa(3ioi> which means the same, being a diminutive from <f>d\f/, <pa(36s. 
 The metrical objection to (parnov is that there would be a tribrach 
 followed by an anapaest. But it must be owned that many passages 
 have to be altered to establish the canon that anapaest never follows 
 dactyl or tribrach. 
 
 1013. fjivo-TTjpLoLs k.t.X.] A proof of his love was his jealousy. 
 Nay, says Chremylus, he wanted to keep your gifts to himself. 
 
 1020. 6$et.v re T77S x-] 4 that there was a sweet smell from my skin.' 
 6$€iv is impersonal, as in Pac. 529, Vesp. 7059, where a second genitive 
 is added to define the smell. 
 
 102 1. iv^x eLS ] £vex €€S horn iyx^u- Thasian wine was noted for 
 goodness and perfume. 
 
 1026. f$or)de?v tois ad.] Professions of 'righting the wronged' 
 were often made for their country by Athenian orators. Dobree thinks 
 this verse to be a sneer at such claims. Cf. Isoc. Panegyr. p. 51, 
 Demosth. pro Rhod. p. 115. 
 
 1027. rl yap iroirjar) ;] 'Quid faciat?' the subjunctive is plainly 
 better than iroLrjaei. 
 
 1029. avTevTTOieiv] In Plato's Gorgias p. 520 occur duTeviroietu 
 and avTevireio-erai, but some editors write them divisim. 
 
 1033. ovk^tl £t]v] See above, where her lover is supposed to go 
 to her house for her funeral. 
 
 1036. 5ia daKTvXLov] A sort of proverb for thinness. The ring 
 must be as big as the hoop of a sieve, says Chremylus. TrfKla appears 
 to have several meanings : but it must here be something circular. 
 It is a flat board in Vesp. 147, with which the hole of the chimney is 
 stopped. 
 
78 
 
 PLUTUS. 
 
 [1. 1040. 
 
 1040. (paiverai] This line well shows the difference between ZoiKt 
 and (paiverat. 
 
 1042. tL <p7}(nv;] <r4 <f>rj(TLv Meineke : but probably at fy^Giv cannot 
 be put for ck X^yet, * he means you.' And as dairdtopLai can hardly be 
 without its acc. case, dpx^(iv tplXrjv seems preferable to dpxaia <pi\rj. 
 The old woman breaks in before the young man can complete his 
 greeting. 
 
 1046. irolov] Indignant astonishment : 1 after a long time indeed ! 
 when he was with me yesterday V I see no objection whatever to the 
 text : XP^ P0V with 5ia means *a long time,' as it also does in the phrase 
 XP^yqj: e.g. ws XP® V{J P ??X0es, 'how late you come !' Meineke proposes 
 irooov or iroXXov. The first would ask seriously (as in Ach. 83 which 
 is referred to) how long the time was. The second would have to be 
 taken as an ironical question ; but without some particles would not be 
 a natural phrase. 
 
 1050. nrpeafivTiKol'] Rather of a comic style for yepairepoi. As the 
 Scholiast says oUeiov rrj ypat Xtyet, tovto' /cat y&p ytpovres yipovaw 
 apfiofovaiv. 
 
 1 05 1. pvTitiwv oaas] Cf. 1. 694 tt)s dOdprjs iroXX'riv. 
 
 1053. Xd/Sfl] fidXy is preferred by Meineke and Holdeh. 
 
 1054. elpeanburjp] Cf. Eq. 729, and the note. An old elpevidivq 
 would be dry and quick to burn. 
 
 1056. K&pva] Above at 1. 816 the same kind of game is mentioned. 
 The player would here have to guess irocra icdpva, for which is substi- 
 tuted irocrovs odovTds in ridicule. Chremylus thinks he can make a 
 pretty good guess ; but he fails, and is called on to pay forfeit. 
 
 1061. itXvpop] 'a wash-pit or wash-tub.' To make a person a 
 tt\vp6s is to put into him or throw over him everything foul and 
 abusive. So in Psalm lx. 10 ' Moab is my wash-pot.' The Scholiast 
 says that irXvvbs oxytone is the vessel, 7r\w>os paroxytone the thing 
 washed. Of this there is no proof ; and the explanation of irkvvbv 
 iroieiv given above appears satisfactory. The use of ir\tiveiv, 6 to deluge, 
 souse/ in Ach. 381, appears different. To 'make into a wash-tub' 
 and * to wash ' are not the same. You dirty the wash-tub : you clean 
 the clothes. But the very mention of a washing-tub suggests to the 
 young man that the old crone wants a washing and cleaning. 
 
 1063. Ka7r7)\tKus~\ She is well made up, like wares at a shop. 
 KairrfkoL were proverbially dishonest and tricky in giving to poor goods 
 an outward semblance of worth. 
 
 1066. ovx vy*] You, though old, are as mad as the other man. 
 Or, * you, as being old, are crazy.' As Dogberry says of Verges, 
 * An old man, sir, and his wits are not... as I would desire they were.' 
 
 1071. d\\' c3 /c.t.X.] Chremylus shows interest in the woman : 
 so the young man says he will give her up to him, in respect for his 
 age. 
 
L mi.] 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 79 
 
 1089. ovs £xa>] ws Meineke and Holden from MS. Rav. 
 
 comparing Eg. 448. 
 
 T090. tyd) 84 y] The old woman finds reason to consult Plutus 
 also : then the young man hangs back ; but Chremylus encourages him 
 to enter. 
 
 1096. Ae7ras] Like a limpet sticks to a rock, so does she to the 
 youth. 
 
 1097 — 1 1 70. Carion hearing a knock comes out, and finds Hermes 
 at the door ; who at first delivers a threat of severe punishment from 
 Zeus for the loss to the gods caused by Plutus' recovery of sight. 
 Carion tells him the gods are rightly served : and Hermes, after 
 bemoaning his former good things, soon turns to make conditions for 
 himself. He will abandon the gods, and take service with Plutus 
 and Chremylus, as presider over athletic contests. 
 
 1099. KXavaiq.] This verb appears to belong to the class of which 
 6<pda\[juav , \o<f>av, cl^vWiclv, fxadrjrLav are instances. They denote a 
 disease or sick craving for something. Cf. Nub. 183 /za07?ric3 'I have 
 a disciple-fever on me, a diseased craving to be a pupil:' and Eg. 61 
 bhh ytpiov <tl(3v\\i$. The Scholiast says 6rav vir dvt/iov kivtjtcli 77 dupa 
 
 Kdl 7)X 0J/ TLVCL €K TOVTOV dlTOT€\rj 6 T010VT0S ^X 0S V TpiCTflds K\aV(TLCLU 
 
 \tyerai. Eustathius also notices this use of the word saying e7ret 
 8okovctl ra ToiavTd dvpia idiXeiv icXaieiv <baei veoyikil (TKvXdKLa. This 
 is surely enough to prove that the word is used of the sound of a door. 
 * The door has a whining fit, making a noise for nothing.' The form 
 KKavalau therefore is not exactly equivalent to icXavaelu} desiderative ; 
 nor is it very good sense, 'wants to weep,' i.e. 'wants to get itself 
 beaten, shall suffer for it,' as L. and S-, Meineke and Holden explain. 
 Aristophanes could (and surely would) have written KKavcreraL if he 
 meant that. Carion comes out, does not see Hermes, who, true to his 
 character, cannot even knock at a door without hiding himself and 
 denying it. Therefore he concludes that the door possessed by a 
 whining fit creaked noisily for nothing. * 
 
 <r£ tol] Carion is retiring, but Hermes hails him. 
 
 1 105. elra] The list ends comically: they are all humorously 
 invited to * come and be killed ' like the ducks in the nursery rhyme. 
 
 1 108. ffvyKVKTjaas] They are to be mixed up somewhat as War's 
 victims in Pac. 246 10s ^TTLTeTpl^ea-d 1 avriica air aj- air aura KarafiepLUTTU}- 
 
 xi 10. i) yK&TTCL k.t.X.] The tongue of victims was cut apart and 
 reserved, as is seen from Pac. 1060, Av. 1704. It was given to Hermes 
 in his character of herald, the Scholiast says. To this there is allusion; 
 but the words also express a threat that for his ill news he deserved to 
 have his tongue cut out. 
 
 1111. tlti Srj] Vulg. tI drf. The MSS. vary: the text above is 
 Meineke's, proposed in the Vindiciae, and accepted by Holden. 
 
80 
 
 PL UTUS. 
 
 [1. ins- 
 
 1 1 15. ovoetv] See above 1. 138. 
 
 1 1 19. <T(0(ppovets] You are very wise in caring for yourself more 
 than for others. Meineke would prefer o-ucppovQi' 'quae usitata Aristo- 
 phani syntaxis est.' But surely the participle would then link itself 
 naturally to awdXcaXa KdirirtTpifxpLai, and Hermes was not pronounced 
 'wise' for being ruined. Nor in syntax is <rw(ppoj>Qi> a natural sequence 
 to tQp d'XXwf deCoif ovdfr [xoi fitXei, but <rucf>pov€is is. Had the participle 
 been used, it would have been aufypovovvrl ye immediately after fitXei 
 pot ; but the interposition of eyw 5' diroXwXa makes a difference, and 
 therefore au<ppopets is used. 
 
 1 1 20. Kairijkio iv] Being dishonest, these fee the god of knavery. 
 nil, oIvovttclv] Compare fxeXiTovTra from 
 
 1 123. dvafiddyv] Cf. Ach. 399 where Euripides writes plays cw>a- 
 ^ddyjv 'upstairs, in a garret.' 
 
 1 1 24. fyfjiLav] Sometimes the rogues whom you helped were de- 
 tected and punished. 
 
 1 126. Terpadi] The fourth day of the month was sacred to Hermes. 
 ireirefjifx^pov] 'baked,' from tt^ttto) (71- &t<fw, 7t£ttoj), as is plain from 
 
 1. 1 142 eu ireirejAiAtvos, Meineke refers it to ir^iruj 'for the cakes were 
 not baked on the day when they were offered, but on the day before.' 
 How does he know that ? Hermes may have liked hot cakes. 
 
 1 127. irodeis k.t.X.] Hercules in his search for Hylas heard a voice 
 in the air say this. Hence it passed into a proverb. 
 
 1 1 29. dcr/cwXiaf'] At the d<TKibXia, a day of the Dionysia, they leapt 
 upon wineskins. Cf. Virg. Georg. II. 380 'unctos saluere per utres.' 
 Of course a pun on KWX97S is here intended : probably some such meaning 
 as 'do (or dance) without the ham out there in the cold.' For irpos rrjv 
 aWp. cf. Thesm. 1001 evravda vvv oi^w^e irpbs rrjif aiOpiav. 
 
 1 131. bbvvT) k.t.X.] Hermes had lamented the loss of the airXdyxva 
 of victims. Carion says he seems to have a kind of pain about the 
 <rirX<xyx va i *• e - ms own (Hermes') eirXdyxva- It is told of an English 
 wit that, being bidden to take a morning walk on an empty stomach, 
 he asked his doctor * on whose ?' Cf. Thesm. 484 arpocpos fx 1 #x eL T V V 
 yaarip 1 , wvep, kcoBvptj. The readings vary in this line between irpos and 
 irepl: and eW kmoTptyew is in some editions: £oi/c' £ri GTptyew 
 Meineke. 
 
 1 132. taov focp] Half wine, half water — an unusually strong mix- 
 ture. In Eq. 1 187 we have %x e Ka ^ Trielv Keicpafifrov rpla kclI dtio. In 
 Ach. 354 there is allusion to the half-and-half mixture. 
 
 1133* TavT7)u...<p6duois] 'Drink this and get you gone at once.' 
 Plainly Carion gives him a draught of wine to get rid of him : he does 
 not (as some interpret) insult him, for throughout the scene he good- 
 naturedly laughs at him, and in the end admits him as one of the 
 household. 
 
L "57-] 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 81 
 
 1 137. veavucbv] Cf. Eur. Hipp. 1204 <po(3os veaviKos. Plato couples 
 this adjective with KaXds and 7e^aZos, Demosthenes with p.4ya. 
 
 1 138. eV^opd] It is plain from the Scholiasts that some read this 
 %K<popa n. pi. from eVc0opos. It also appears that at some sacrifices 'a 
 carrying away' of meats was allowed, at some not so. Notice the 
 different sense of €K(popa here and above L 1008; though it is possible 
 that in 1. 1008 this sense may be also alluded to. 
 
 1 139. koL firjv k.t.X.] * I helped you to thieve.' 'But you went shares ' 
 
 1 141. $ re] Holden is inclined to take e0' V 7 € from two MSS, 
 as there can be found authority for £<p' <p in the sense 'on condition 
 that.' But £</>' $ re is far commoner: and ye, though suitable, is not 
 necessary, especially as 7c occurs in Hermes' next line. 
 
 1 143. KCLTr/adies] As the priest of Aesculapius did: cf. 1. 579. 
 
 1 146. firj fiv7](TLKaK7]aris] 'Do not bring up old scores, bear a grudge, 
 now that you have got Phyle. ' Having succeeded, and being rich, you can 
 afford to be generous. Phyle, a fortress on the confines of Attica and 
 Boeotia, was taken by Thrasybulus, in the time of the thirty tyrants. 
 When the republic was restored at Athens, an amnesty followed, of 
 which Xenophon says opuoaavres opKovs r\ pi]u prj pvrjcriKaKricreiv, eVi 
 Kal vvv 6/ulov re iroXirevovrai, /cat reus opKois fppLevei 6 dr t pos. Hellen. 
 11.43. The date of this was B.C. 403. The allusion proves this pas- 
 sage to be from the second Plutus of B.C. 388, not the first PliUus of 
 B.C. 408. 
 
 1 1 50. ravrop.oXelv\ To desert would be accounted shameful. 
 Nicias in the Knights 1. 21 — 26, when proposing desertion to De- 
 mosthenes, does it in a roundabout way, as hardly venturing on such a 
 word openly. 
 
 1 151. irarpls k.t.X.] Plainly a quotation, perhaps from Euripides. 
 The sentiment in one shape or other occurs often : airaaa 5e xQuv cwdpl 
 yevvalip irarpls, Eur. Fr., which Ovid repeats 'omne solum forti patria 
 est.' 'All places that the eye of heaven visits Are to the wise man fair 
 and happy havens.' Shakspeare. There is an utilitarian flavour 
 about Hermes' line which suits with his character. Cicero Tusc. Disp. 
 v. 37 gives as an exclamation of Teucer 'Patria est, ubicunque est bene' 
 which looks like a translation of our line : another of Euripides is also 
 quoted on that passage : cus iravraxov ye irarpls rj (36(TKovaa yrj. 
 
 1 153. <rrpo0cuoi>] Presiding over the hinge (<jrpo<f>iy£) of the door. 
 In this character Hermes was set up at the entrance of a house, to 
 watch that no mischievous persons entered, being a thief set to catch a 
 thief. But Carion, taking the word as 'god of turns and tricks,' says 
 'we don't want any arpo(pal now.' 
 
 1 157. iraXLyKdirrjXov] Used figuratively by Demosthenes c. A list. 
 784 waXLyKaTT-qXos irovrjplas. We (says Carion), being rich, do not 
 want to make profit by petty traffic. Still less do we want a patron of 
 knavery (doXios). 
 
 C. P. 
 
 6 
 
82 
 
 PLUTUS. 
 
 [1. 1 159. 
 
 1 159. rfye/juoviop] Hermes was ivodtos and vofirraios, a shower of 
 the way both to living and dead. 
 
 1161. hay up 10s] iiricrTaTrjs tlop dyupwv Schol. 
 
 1 163. jxov<riKoirs k. y.] Meineke would prefer /j,ov(tikt}$, for which 
 change there seems no reason. He also thinks some lines have been 
 lost. As Holden remarks, 1. 1126 does not plainly concern anything 
 that Hermes has said. 
 
 1 166. otrK e'ros k.t.X.] Dicasts may well like to have their names 
 entered on several juries, that they may be sure of having cases to try 
 and fees to receive. See above on L 277 and 1. 972. And Hermes by 
 being jack of so many trades has secured himself a pittance. 
 
 1 168. €7rl toijtols] 'On these terms,' of being evaywvios; but -the 
 connexion is not very plain : nor yet has the diaKowcbs of next line any 
 reference to evaytoPLos. 
 
 1 1 70. bicLKoviKbs] Hermes had wanted to enter their service, to be 
 %6voikos with them. He is the servant, the menial of the gods : esp. 
 in Aristophanes does he appear in this character ; therefore, when he 
 has got a footing as Ivayuviot, Carion says, if he is to be 8lolkopos of any 
 sort, he must 'show himself dta/cow/cos.' 
 
 1 1 71— 1209. The priest of Zeus the Preserver complains that his 
 gains are gone : no more sacrifices : no more perquisites. He proposes 
 to become priest of Plutus, who is, says Chremylus, the true Zeus the 
 Preserver. They prepare to inaugurate the new worship with torches 
 and pitchers, and go out in procession, the Chorus bringing up the rear. 
 
 1 1 72. ri ydp dXX* rj /ca/oDs] The adverb does not answer the 
 question ri Zcttlp very suitably : we should expect either a noun, as in 
 Ran. 437 tovtI tL r)p rb irpdyfia dXX 1 r, Aids KSpipdos, or a verb is 
 expressed in the answer, as in Eccl. 769 (pvXdi-ofiai irpiv av 7' tdco rb 
 TrXyjdos 0 tl povXetieTcu. A. ri yap dWo 7' <p£peiv irapeaKevaa^voL ra 
 irpdyp-ar' eiaiv; Hence A. de Velsen would omit the next line (which 
 in the MSS. is imperfect), so that rl yap d\\' rj KaKcos dirbXwXa may be 
 connected. Holden proposes to read 1. 11 73 ct0' ovirep 6 HXovtos ovtos 
 (or avdis) ijp£aTo /3\^7reiJ>, connecting rt ydp...dw6Xct)Xa. 
 
 1 1 78. el<ri 7tXq}j(tloi] And therefore they have nothing to be 'saved' 
 from, riches being the only thing worth coveting, poverty the only 
 danger worth escaping. 
 
 1 180. 6 64 tls dp] Repeat ZOvaev. 
 
 1 181. eKaXXiepeiTo] The active voice is generally used in Xenophon 
 and prose writers. The Scholiast says here ebprafcp ep r£ otKcp. Sacrifices 
 were always attended with feasting ; but the historians use KaXXiepew of 
 a king or general offering public sacrifice and obtaining good omens. 
 
 1 186. Kavros] I too, like his worshippers, shall bid farewell to 
 Zeus. 
 
L 1207.] NOTES. 83 
 
 1 1 89. 0 Zeus] Plutus of course is the Preserver: 'regina pecunia.' 
 Hor. 
 
 1 191. IdpvcroiJLed'] So the goddess Peace is solemnly enthroned with 
 inaugural rites. Cf. Pac. 922 sqq. 
 
 1 193. rhv oTTLcdo^ofjLov] The public treasury was behind the 
 Parthenon. 
 
 1 194. ^Kdorco] * bring out from the house.' 
 
 1 197. iyu 5e\| The old woman fears she will be left out in the cold, 
 but an occupation is found for her. For the use of yvrpai m an inaugu- 
 ration cf. Pac. 922 Tavr-qv yvrpais IdpvT^ov. 
 
 1 199. TOLKiXa] 7rop<pvpOLS yap koI itolkIXols IfAciTlois iirofiirevov. 
 Schol. And the old woman of her own vanity (avrrj) had come gaudily 
 dressed, 
 
 1205. rats fxbv d'XXats /c.r.X.] 'Commonly the mother (lees, sedi- 
 ment) is on the pots, here the pots are on the mother.' The meaning 
 of 'mother' is near enough to ypavs 'scum' to give a fair equivalent 
 pun. 
 
 1207. eViTroA^s] Cf. Eccles. 1 108 iirtiroX^s rou jt^citos. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 A 
 
 aicapei, 244 
 afiTjs, 999 
 CLvafidoriv, 1 123 
 dvadrjaai evayytXia, 764 
 ay5pa7ro5i(7Tai, 521 
 avdocrfiias, 807 
 
 dvT€VTTOL€LV, IO3O 
 
 diraprl, 388 
 air ot pbir olios, 359 
 apTidfciVy 815 
 aoTcwXtc^eij', 1129 
 avTLKa, 130 
 aiMraros, 83 
 
 B 
 
 fiapadpov, 431 
 Barros, ^25 
 (3\£tt€iv Apr], 328 
 BXe^Ldrj/jLos, 332 
 
 r 
 
 7X&TTC1, 1 1 10 
 yvacpeveiv, 166 
 ypavs, 1206 
 7p0, 17 
 
 A 
 
 banveiv, 822 
 dcucTvXios, 884, 1036 
 SeJXcuos, 850 
 diatcoviKos, 1 1 70 
 ditfiepos, 720 
 
 E 
 
 ecu* icXoUeii', 612 
 iKTCTot-evo-dai, 34 
 tuTpaxyMfrt-v* 70 
 
 eKTptTreadat, 837 
 ^/c t&i> Trodwi', 650 
 4K<popa, 1008, 1 1 38 
 iXovfxep, 657 
 hay&vios, 1 1 60 
 €V€fj.vr)6r)s, 845 
 i^o/xfxaTovp, 635 
 eTT€L(nraieiv, 803 
 iiriKadtfcadai, 185 
 ^71-171-0X775, 1 207 
 imxwpios, 47 
 & K€<pa\r)p col, 526 
 
 Z 
 
 Zei)s aurrijp, 1 189 
 II 
 
 rnxLTv^LOV, 729 
 
 e 
 
 0epMds, 4 J 5 
 dpavos, 545 
 dp€TTave\b, 290 
 
 I 
 
 Idpveadcu, 1191 
 /7rj/6s, 815 
 fcrov i'cry, 1 132 
 
 K 
 
 KaKodcLLfiovajt, 372, 501 
 KaWiepeicrdai, 1 1 8 J 
 KaX&s 7rotu;j/, 863 
 /caTT^Xt/ccDs, 1063 
 Kttpua, 1056 
 kcltclkXLvciv, 41 1 
 /caTairXa^ros, 717, 724 
 
86 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 /carax^o"M ara J 768 
 /c^TT^os, 912 
 /cXaixnaV, 1099 
 
 KXeTTTlffTCLTOS, 2j 
 KoXoGVpTOS, 536 
 KOfMV, l?O t 572 
 KOTLVOVSy 584 
 
 Kovpelov, 338 
 KpL(3av(i)Tds, 765 
 Kpoyt/cos, 581 
 KTvireicrdai., 758 
 
 KVpLOS, 6 
 KV<pOJP€S, 476 
 
 Xaxwv, 277, 972 
 Xyj/xat, 581 
 Au7«:ei)s, 210 
 
 M 
 
 fjuxdcoit, 266 
 /Ctecrros, 188 
 fjL€TajULavdaveiv, 627 
 ^t;5^ &>, /j,7)deei>, 37 
 MtSas, 287 
 MiX^crioi, 1002 
 fxicrrjTia, 989 
 
 fXP7](7LKaK€llf 9 1 146 
 fJLOJtWTCLTOS, l82 
 
 fjLva-TLXacrdaiy 627 
 
 N 
 
 yecua/cos, 1 137 
 Neo/c\etd?7?, 665 
 
 £w0icwc6r?7$, 508 
 
 0 
 
 o^*eif ttJs xpocts, 1020 
 
 otvOVTTCl, 1 12 I 
 
 opm, 63 
 
 orai' rvx^i 904 
 
 on?}, 48 
 
 0# dOK€ll>, 837 
 
 ou/c af <pdavoiT€, 485, 874 
 
 owe eros, 404, r 1 56 
 ou% vyialveiv, 1066 
 6<pdaXjj.ia y 115 
 
 n 
 
 7raXt7/ca7ri7\os, 1157 
 Ila/^tXos, 174 
 irapaicaTTveLV, 663 
 trap<nrXri%, 242 
 irapeias, 690 
 TrapevaaXeuwv, 291 
 H<LTpoKX6r)s, 84 
 II at/aw, 602 
 irtXavos, 661 
 ireirefjLjJLfros, 11 26 
 TrepLaiTTeLv, 590 
 7tXi/j>6s, 1056 
 
 7TO?OS, IO47 
 
 iroXvcpopos, 853 
 7rpo(TTarr}Sy 950 
 irTepvylfriv, 575 
 irw^aXa, 66 
 ttws 5o/ce?s, 742 
 
 pvridwv 6Vas, 1051 
 
 (TdirpoSt aadpos, 813 
 cretVas dd<pvr)v f 213 
 <rlX(pioi> t 925 
 cro(3apds, 872 
 
 a-rpo0atos, 1 153 
 crvyKeKpdadai, 853 
 avyKVKav f 1 108 
 
 GVKIVOS, 946 
 
 <tvv deep, 114 
 
 <T(p7]KLCrK0Sy 3OI 
 
 (TiprjKwdrjs, 561 
 
 T 
 
 T^tos, 718 
 r£ fiadw, 908 
 TtfJLrjfjLa, 480 
 
 TpOTCLLOV, 453 
 
 rvfiirava, 476 
 
vnepaKovH^eLU, 666 
 viroKpoveadai, 548 
 virofjLvv/j.evos, 7 2 5 
 
 <f>a(3iov, 1011 
 (palveadai, 1040 
 <pdoLS f 677 
 
 (pldaKVT], 546 
 
 <i>i\^tos, 177 
 
 ^tXam'S^s, 179 
 </>\a*>, 694, 784 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 (popros, 796 
 
 X 
 
 XP^a with genitive, 894 
 yf/aicTTdv, 138 
 
 ft 
 
 cJ5 7roXis ' A/ryous, 601 
 vo-Tlfcadai, 330 
 w rcu>, 66 
 
PRINTED BY J. & C. F. CLAY, 
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