•P H I V A t E L Y PRINTED 0 PU so u L A Issued to. the Members of the ^ctte of flDDn cioiuntciS. tio, XL ON SOSV!E OF BY Bro: Charles. Welsh, CHAP3«[AN Oi' THE SETTtr. MPLXXXVI. Privately printed OPUSCULE, Issued to the Members of the Sette of Odd Volumes. No. XI. ON SOME BOOKS FOR CHILDREN OF THE LAST CENTURY. ON SOME OF THE BOOKS FOR CHILDREN OF THE LAST CENTURT. With a few Words on the Philanthropic Publisher of St Paul's Churchyard ; j1 paper read at a meeting of the Sette of Odd Volumes by Brother CHARLES WELSH, Chapman of the Sette, at The Freemason's Tavern, on Friday the 8th day of January 1886. With a Catalogue of the Books Exhibited. Printed by Griffith, Farran, Okeden & Welsh, at the sign of the Bible and Sun, West Corner of St Paul's Churchyard, London, 1 8 8 6. DEDICATED TO THE SETTE OF ODD VOLUMES BY Brother Charles Welsh, CHAPMAN. This Edition is limited strictly to 250 copies^ and is imprinted for Private Circulation only. No. /Ud Presented to by CONTENTS. ON SOME BOOKS FOR CHILDREN, . THE LIST OF THE BOOKS EXHIBITED, Your Oddship, Brother Odd Volumes, AND Noble and Distinguished Visitors. ANY and curious, and rare and costly are the books which from time to time have been exhibited and learnedly dis- coursed upon by my brother Odd Volumes," and when I look at the very small and insignificant collection of dirty, dogs-eared and well thumbed little books on the table before me, I almost hesitate to ask you to listen to the few words which I have to say about them ; but on the other hand when I reflect that 12 Some CHILDREN'S BOOKS they represent the first forward step made in the great work of providing suitable literature for young people, — when I reflect that they have delighted and instructed thousands of little folk who have long since grown old and gone to join the " choir invisible/' — when I reflect that they may have aided in moulding the characters or princes, prelates and statesmen, it may be of a Stephenson or a Brunei, a Wordsworth or a Byron, a Mulready or a Bewick, or perhaps of our good Queen herself, — I saj when I reflect on these things I think we may gain some profit, and it maybe some pleasure and a little amusement from a closer examination of these little volumes. I propose then this evening, these being my reasons for thinking the subject worthy of the attention of so august and learned an assembly, to talk to you a little about of the last Century, 31 the Contents, the Style and the Get-up of some of these little books, although the subject has already been dealt with as exhaustively as I could do it in the volume which I have the honour to deposit in the archives of the Sette this evening, entitled "A Bookseller of the Last Century," and in some measure I shall have to go over much of the ground that is occupied there. The collection of books which I have brought down to show you to-night by no means exhausts the large number which I have been able to bring together during the past seven or eight years. I show only those which seem to me most curious and characteristic, and you will see upon examin- ing them how much ingenuity and wit have been expended in providing works which shall at once amuse and instruct, for this was 14 Some CHILDREN'S BOOKS the idea which worthy John Newbery seemed ever to keep before him. That he did it successfully there can be no doubt, for, as one writer has said, " He issued shoals of little books," and many of the copies which remain to-day show us that they went through a very large number of editions. It would, of course, be impossible ex- haustively to describe the contents of these little volumes, but many of them possess most interesting peculiarities, and some bear traces of the grossness and free-spoken character of the times. As an instance of the latter, in a volume of the " Circle of the Sciences " (of which I show you a complete set) entitled "Poetry made easy," the principal aim of which is to strew the path of knowledge with roses, and to give to the British youth a transient idea of poetry, it is curious to note the following stanza : — of the last Century. 15 LoBBiN Clout. ** On two near elms the slackened cord I hung, Now high, now low, my Blonzelinda swung. With the rude wind her rumpled garments rose. And shewed her taper leg and scarlet hose." Cuddy. Across a fallen oak the plank I laid, And myself poised against the tottr'g maid. High lept the plank, adown Buxoma fell, I spy'd — but faithful sweethearts never tell ! Again we have in undisguised language : — •* Where sold he bargains, whip stitch. Kiss my arse. Promised a play, and dwindled to a farce. Again from Hudibras : — . . . Honour in the breech is lodg'd. As wise philosophers have judg'd. Because a kick in that part, more Hurts honour than deep wounds before. i6 Some CHILDREN'S BOOKS Another book, not exactly intended for juveniles, but which had a wide circulation, was published by Newbery, entitled " The Oxford Sausage." An amusing epigram is found there, which runs as follows : — It is said to have been written by an exciseman, and addressed to a young lady who was courted at the same time by an Apothe- cary : — " What though the Doctor boasts to fit Your Mortar to his Pestle^ Are not my inches every whit As good to gage your VesseV^ Let us now turn from these morsels, hastily snatched from some of Newbery's little books, to a few more general consider- ations as to the Style and their authorship. Charles Knight, in his ^ Shadows of old booksellers,' says, " There is nothing more of the last Century. 17 remarkable in them than their originality. There have been attempts to imitate its simplicity, its homeliness : great authors have tried their hands at imitating its clever adaptation to the youthful intellect, but they have failed." The didactic and tiresome style of the age " of prose and reason," is of course reflected throughout them, and, though they seldom appeared with the author's name, there is little doubt that many of the clever and distinguished men whom Newbery had drawn around him had a hand in their compilation. Many no doubt were written by Newbery himself, and there is every reason to believe that the same hand which drew up the ingenious advertisements and quaint title-pages of some of them was responsible for their contents. Many also were originated by Benjamin Collins, the Salisbury printer, and B i8 Some CHILDREN'S BOOKS there is no doubt whatever that Goldsmith had much more to do with Newbery's little books for children than has been generally credited to him. As you may recollect, I have endeavoured to show that he was the author of Goody Two-shoes," and the following very curious quotation from " Fables in Verse," (which was written at about the time Goldsmith went to Bath to get materials for the Life of Beau Nash,") seems to favour the idea that Goldsmith had a hand in this book, the preface to which bears strong marks of his literary style : — "Woglog at Bath. — Lady. — ^ Well, Mr Woglog, where have you been ? ' 'At church, Madam ; and pray, my lady, whei?e have you been ? ' * Drinking the waters,' said she. ' But not for health ? ' ' No, truly ; I only drink them for wantonness.' * Well, Madam, and have of the last Century, 19 they cured you of that complaint ? ' says Mr Woglog. The lady blushed and took a turn on the Grand Parade, while Woglog stept into Mr Leak's to read one of Mr Nevvbery's little books."— But time would fail to tell all the pecu- liarities of these charming and delightful little volumes. Let us see how the worthy publisher announced them to the world. In the "London Chronicle" for December 19, — Jan. I, 1765, the following advertise- ment appeared : — "The Philosophers, Politicians, Necromancers, and the learned in every faculty are desired to observe that on the ist of January, being New Year's day (oh, that we all may lead new lives! ) Mr Newbery intends to publish the following important volumes, bound and gilt, and hereby invites all his little friends who are good to call for them at the Bible and Sun in St Paul's 20 Some CHILDREN'S BOOKS Churchyard, but those who are naughty to have none." Newbery was the first publisher who started a regular series of books for children in a more permanent form than the " chap " books, from which, before his time, children derived almost their sole mental pabulum. Very early in the century, Horn-books, of which I regret I have not a specimen to show you, were in almost universal use. Later on came the " Battledores," of which Collins of Salisbury printed hundreds of thousands and of which fortunately I have some specimens to show you to-night. These are developments of the Horn-books, and were on sale as recently as twenty-five years ago. Side by side with these existed such books as the little "Chap Books " which were carried about the country by the wandering tradesmen called " Chapmen." of the last Century, 21 They were, as you see, rude in execution, and crude in their literary style, but for many further particulars about this class of litera- ture I must refer you to Mr John Ashton's "Chap-books of the eighteenth century." But Newbery's books were not merely Chap-books, which were simply folded but not stitched, for his were strongly bound and gilt, and, both in mechanical execution and literary quality, much more suited to the youthful mind than the coarser pro- ductions to which we have referred. Many of these famous little books have absolutely vanished* Books for children, above all others, are short-lived and dis- appear more successfully than other kinds of literature. When they have served their turn, and the little hands have turned and thumbed them well-nigh to pieces, few people think of saving the tattered scraps 2 2 Some CHILDREN'S BOOKS for antiquarian scrutiny. A few of them have however been saved from the vandal- ism of the nursery, and these I am able to show you to-night. I have examples of the celebrated flowery and gilt Dutch paper binding, which is now completely a thing of the past. An attempt to discover the where- abouts of its manufacture on the continent some few years ago elicited the fact that the demand had long since ceased and the stamps and presses used in its production entirely destroyed. I think you will agree with me, if you examine these survivals, that honest John Newbery spared no pains in getting them up, and did his best with the materials of his day. The paper, printing and binding alike seem to have been of the first quality that he could procure. — Some of these six- penny volumes are really better printed of the last Century. 23 than many of the much more pretentious books of modern times. Here also on the table you will find specimens of books bound in the " vellum " manner, as it was then called. This method however does not appear to have been of long duration, for paper boards, and sub- sequently cloth, came into more universal use. I have promised to say a few words about the philanthropic publisher of St Paul's Churchyard, and here again I have no more to tell you than can be found in my book. The oft-quoted paragraph from the Vicar of Wakefield, which perhaps has helped as much as anything to keep his name alive and his memory fresh to all generations, must be quoted when talking of him and his work. " The good Dr Primrose, it will be remem- 24 Some CHILDREN'S BOOKS' bered, on his errand of reclaiming a lost child to virtue, found himself at a little ale-house by the roadside, where he fell ill and languished for near three weeks, and on his recovery was un- provided with money to defray the expenses of his entertainment. It is possible," says he, **the anxiety from the last circumstance alone might have brought on a relapse, had I not been supplied by a traveller who stopped to take a cursory sort of refreshment. This person was no other than the philanthropic bookseller in St Paul's Churchyard, who has written so many little books for children. He called himself their friend, but he was the friend of all man- kind. He was no sooner alighted but he was in haste to be gone, for he was ever on business of the utmost importance, and was at the time actually compiling materials for the history of one Mr Thomas Trip. 1 immediately recollected this good-natured man's red-pimpled face, for he had published for me against the Deutero-gamists of the last Century. 25 of the age, and from him I borrowed a few pieces to be paid at my return." About this said Vicar of Wakefield, and a certain discovery of mine in the account books of Collins of Salisbury, a good deal has been lately written. If you are not quite tired of the subject it may interest those of you who are curious in such matters, to see the actual old Account Books, and to inspect the entries which have caused all this discussion. In concluding this necessarily hurried and imperfect description of the odd little volumes of the 1 8th Century, which I have had the honour of introducing to the "Odd Volumes " of the 19th, I have to thank you for your kind attention, and as it is our first meeting in 1 886 to ask you to allow me to wish you all a very happy New Year. 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O =5 2^ ^ • H ^ O C O .t^ - ^ ■ s o 9 i c c o o ^ CO - ^ H O •1^ c o -^1 o o ^ a o 2 ^ o -5 I £ S ^ o c O tJO g a; o « ^ oj ^ , bJO C CO o ^ c o ° S o : CO O O CT3 CU) ^ -o CO CO ^ ^ O CO 00 ; rQ #v u c CO to ^ o c -a iH -J^ <^ Ph o CT3 S 00 CO •^ O 03 ^3 o o d CJO o o ^ £■3 ^ ^§ leg '^'5 ^ c ^ <^ 2 §;2^ £^ §J 1^ ^ -sll ^ o 3 5 ;p ^ ^ :S ^ - - g^^ 5:2 o g S°3 a .2 ^ 3 c .'3 g g i S >^ s,'7i c:: O _^ O C ^-^ ^-HH o ^ -g ^ o ^ >; « ^ .s -s g ^ bi-s^ 1^ - -^1^ vLi ■*-» rrt » ••^k^ i>H y-" I""* ^ ^ o C2 4j O o 2 c rt p CO c P ^ <1 6 E ^ i-i ; O 5 ^ o ci3 CO +-> ' cj (D ^ o ^ s s GJ i-i ^ o ^ J3 CO CO ^ ^ 2 s CO i° ri -r) <^ h ^ ^ OS o O bJC G C HH ^ CD E J CO ^ o o o o 5- CJ ^ O ^co ' +J CO CO C ( f2 3 CO ^ C O O CO j-T Z O CO CO c 2 j= O o o ■X3 ^ ^ I to ^ s ''There is Divinity in Odd Numbers." — S/iuhspearL\ THE SETTE OF ODD VOLUMES. Edward Heron -Allen, Necromancer [Seac'tciri/, 1 886), St John's, Putney Hill, S.W. Wilfred Ball, Pe'mtre^Graveur^ 39B, Old Bond Street, W. James Roberts Brown, Alchymisl ( Secret Avy^ 1880; Vice-President^ I <^ ^ 3 7 Frcsideid, 1 8 85), 14, liilldrop P.oad^.Tufnell Park, N. George Clulow, Xylographer ( Secretary, 1 8 8 1 ; Vice-Fresidtnt^ 1 8 8 4 j President, 1886), 51, Bellsize Avenue, Hampstead, N.W. io6 List of Members. Alfred J. Davies, Attorney-General {Vice-President^ 1881 ; Secret iry, 1 8 84), 21, Cluirchfielcl Road, Mattock Lane, Ealing, W. Charles Leopold Eberhardt, Astrologer^ Thiiringia House, Fitzjohn Avenue, Hamp- stead, N. W. George Charles Haite, Art-Critic^ Ormsby Lodge, Blanford Road, Bedford Park, W. Charles Holme, Pilgrim, Hillside, Hampstead Hill Gardens, N.W. Burn HAM W. Horner, Organist^ 34, Sheen Park, Richmond, SAV. Frank Ireson, Artificer^ 81, Caversham Road, N.W. Daniel W. Kettle, F.R.G.S., Cosmcgrapher [Secretary^ 1 886), Hayes Common, near Beckenham, Kent. Henry George Liley, At-t Director, Radnor House, Radnor Place, Gloucester Square. Hyde Park, W. List of Members, 107 William Murrell, M.D., I.eech (^Secretary ^ l^^3)> Vice-President^ 38, Weymouth Street, Portland Place, W. BkiTnard Quaritch, Lihrar'ian {President, 1878, 1879, and 18^2), 1 5 Piccadilly, W. Edward Renton, Herald {Vice-President, 1 880; Secretary, 1882), 44, South Hill Park, Hampstead, N.W. H. J. C tordon Ross, Master of Ceremonies^ Hillrise, Putney Hill, S.W. W. M. Thompson, Historiographer {Vice-President, 1882; President, 1 883), 16, Carlyle Square, Chelsea, S.W. G. R. T YLER, Stationer {Vice-President, 1886), 127, Tulse Hill, S.W. T. C. Venables, Antiquary^ 17, Oueenhithe, E.G. Charles Welsh, Chapman, Oakdale, Leytonstone. io8 List of Members, Charles W. H. Vv'yman, Typographer (^Fice- President, 1878 and 1879; Frcs'iderd^ 1880), 1 03, Kinc;" Henry s Road, Primrose Hill, X.W. Edward F. Wyman, Treasurer [Secretary^ 1 878 and 1879; President^ 1^84)5 1 1. EndsleighStreet, Tavistock Square, \Y.C. Edward ^V'alford, M.A. 2, Hyde Park Mansions, N.W. jToreigtt Ccrrej^^onUmg ^em!)er^, J. H. Upton, Esq., Auckland, New Zealand. WiLLiAr^i Mathews, Esq., Irving Place, Flatbush, Long Island, U.S.A. THE GETTY CENTER LIBRARY