• I 
 
c 
 
 THE 
 
 s*K jf"4 y'4 r'S r'i i^.'i i'f'i i^.'i i^'i i^fi T-'^ f-i f'i ^"-i 
 
a H T 
 
 R I M A T I! a. 
 
 Uher cut titulus, <^5cO0^ap|ip 
 
 # ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ * I 5^ ^ 'S' >^ 'i-^ 
 
eographical Grammar, 
 
 Being a Short and Exaft 
 
 ANALYSIS 
 
 Of the whole Body of 
 
 Modern GEooRAPHr^ 
 
 After a N E w and Curious Method. 
 
 COMPREHENDING 
 
 I. A General View of the Terraqueous Globe. Bein£; 
 
 a Compendious Syfiem of the true Fundamentals of Geogra- 
 phy j Digefted into various Definitions, Problems, Theorems, 
 and Paradoxes : With a Tranfient Survey of the Surface of 
 the Earthly Ball, as it confifts of Land and Water .< 
 
 IL A Particulw View of th? Tcrraqaeous Globe„ Being a dm and 
 
 pleafant Profpe£l of all Remarkable Countries upon the Face of the whole 
 Earth ; (hewing their Situation, Extent, Divifion, Snbdhijion, Cities, 
 Chief Towns, Name, ^/r, Soil, Commodities, RzntieSy^rchbifhopricktyBi- 
 {ho^iicksiUiiiverJities, Manners^ Languages, Government, ^rw/,Religion 
 
 Colleckdfrom the Eefi Authors, and lllufirated with divers Maps. 
 
 The Ninth Edition, Corrected, and fomewhat Enlarg'd. And 
 a Set of N e w Maps. By Mr. S e n e x. 
 
 By Pat. Gordon, M.A.F. R. 5. 
 
 Orpine tulit puncium qui mifcuit utile dulci. Hot. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed by S. Palmer, for 
 R. Knaplock, J. and B. Sprjht, S. Burroughs, 
 D. MtusviNTERi A. Bettesworth, R, Foko, 
 A. W A R D, and C L A R K, Dccxxn.- 
 
 s 
 
TO THE 
 
 4 
 
 Moft Reverend Father in GOD 
 
 THOMAS, 
 
 Lord Archbiftop of Canterbury^ &c. 
 
 May it pleafe your Grace, 
 
 ^^^A N E who appear'd for the Chunh in tiine 
 ^^^^ greateft Danger, briskly defended 
 ^^^g her DoEirines againft the daring Aflaults 
 S^Mll of her moft virulent Oppofers; took Care 
 to erea a Synagogne iovGod^yshtrQ he found a Synagogue 
 (or Satan : And One, whofe Life has all along been 
 one continued Sermon againft l^ice and Immorality, does 
 well deferve to wear a Mitre. And the fixing of 
 fueh an One, at the Helm of this National Church, 
 did not only proclaim the Royal Wifdom in making 
 that prudem Choice ; but did alfo prognofticate tc 
 
 the 
 
The EpiJlle Bedicatoryc. 
 
 the Church herrelf what flie has feen already come 
 to pafs : Even thofe wifhM for Hakjon Dajs, and 
 3ai<it7from Danger, \^^icK'^y th^ 'iScire of fircii an 
 ^ble^ iVaichful Pilot y llie has, Thanks to Heaven, 
 l|i,t;he:to enjoy 'd. This w^^/'^j' moft Re- 
 \ld:rend Father] we owe, under the ./^r^/^/c/aKx Pro- 
 ^^|felxe of God, to your Graee^s txcellent Manage^ 
 ^^fi-ji^? iff' Things*. A."<^j a$:^twere not enough to ijH- 
 fluence and govern the EJiabliJled Clmrch at home, 
 your Grace takes alfo care to enlarge her Bounds, 
 and the num.ber of lie^r./^7»to, abroad. Blefs'd 
 be God, our impjaca&l^ AdvH"faries can no longer 
 upbraid us wixh a fupjne I^^ci of ol^ Heof^en A- 
 
 may now boaft of a fettled Society de propaganda 
 Fide^r ^, well -as they^ ArA hoje^^o brill vef/''^-' 
 in p||^'rcfs df ;Timlj'' gOpd f^re i^f reoii ^(Inverts j|) 
 thf ■Imthy^.-m Men M the ni'^^'' pretended Ones 
 theirs. That mcfl: venerable Society, as it confifts of 
 a confiderable number of excellent Perfons both ifc 
 Church and State^ fo it is finguiarly happy in having 
 the bef7efa of your Grace's ready Advice and Affift- 
 ance upon nil Occafions. You are inded the main 
 Springy that animates that truiy 'Chrifiian Body, aifd 
 it is your extraordinary Zeal for the Caiije of Cbrifi, 
 that gives Z//^ and Vigour to her many great De- 
 figns. 
 
 Upon which Account it is. That I prefume to 
 lay at your Grace's Feet this,iV^iu Edition of the^ 
 following G'£''^r/7/?///c-<2/ Treatife; For, having conr. 
 fidered iJi it [ under the general Head Religion J 
 the Spiritual State oi Maitkind through all Qtiar- 
 ters of the known World f'imd finding, by a mo- 
 deft Calculation, that fear ce Five of Twenty- fiv^,. 
 Parts thereof vixc: Chrifiian : Who can refrain from * 
 wifliirg, That the thick Mills of Pagan Igmra'nce 
 
and' £mr were difpeird tfi^BcJiafit^^fe^^ o^- 
 tE^ Sur)'e(Ri0JteoT(jh^s ; fo,th^t 4Hdfe j^^ople who 
 (ft inlD^Hcnefs might know the Trr/^ GodtWiv Ma-' 
 kfet : Arid be yer lb hapm- as^to fee the favin^ Light' 
 of mOofpel oi driJL ' [My Ldrd,]';Ther6^ 
 
 i§ n^^e, I am conHdent, that more'cordiaily \\^ifheth 
 this than yourfelf ; and none m6re earne'flty defi- 
 reth, that all human Means were' ufed to Efted the 
 fame in thofe Parts of the Heathen World, where 
 the Englifi Nation is moftly concern'd. To whom 
 therefore could I fo properly addrefs my felf as to 
 your G'r<3f^ ben^ well alfur'd that you'll leave no 
 Stone unturn'd, in endeavouring to fet that moft 
 defirable Defign on foot, when you, in your godly 
 Wifdom, fhall fee it truly feafij^le. 
 
 That great Work., I'm'-rei^ifi'l^le, requires the jQint 
 Affifiance of many Hands, and calls aloud for the 
 ready Concurrence of eve^j Ch-iftian ; and truly all 
 who bear that ^;;2qj/;-.7^/{?. Title may be affiftant 
 therein one way or otierf Whether it be by their 
 Advice, their Prayers^ or their Purfe. But, to pro- 
 mote the fame in the moft expeditious manner, it's 
 much to be \v;ijQ;i'd;l?ha.t {iich a Glorious Undertaking 
 were made a National Concern, and had a proper 
 Fund appointed for it in a Parliamentary way. I'i:iis 
 ftill remains to be done; and all Men beiieve. That 
 there's none fo likely to bring that ' about as To;/*- 
 Grace, whenever a favourable JunBure fhall ofter. 
 In the mean time, May Hea-jen long preferve Totir 
 Grace in Health and Welfare: And^blefs with Siic- 
 ^■^/5^iO"|^''i"y A/bZ'/^' Deiigns for the Church of God. 
 M^^ifcgiacioufly pleafe tlie True God, the Sovereign 
 Lord of Heaven and Earth, to make kno-wn his Ways 
 upon Earth, his faving Health among all Nations. May 
 the Chariot-Wheels of the hlejJU Gfpel drive fwifcly 
 througli the Me inhabited World ■ And may all the 
 
 King- 
 
7 he Bfijlle Dedicatory, 
 
 Kingdoms thereof become the Kingdoms of the Lord and 
 of his Chrift. In fine, may it pleafe God to call in 
 his ancient People the JewSi with the Fulnefs of the 
 Gentiles : That as there is but one Shepherd, fo there 
 may be but one Sbeepfold. This is the daily Prayer 
 of the beft Church upon Earth, and the hearty IVijh 
 and Petition of every Ijue Son thereof : Particularly 
 of him who is, with the profoundeft Veneration, 
 
 May it pleafe your Grace, 
 
 Tour Grace's 
 
 Mofl Obedient, 
 
 Humble Servant, 
 
 P. G. 
 
To the Right Honourable 
 
 THOMAS 
 
 BARON OF 
 
 CO V E NTR r, 
 
 EARL OF 
 
 ALE SB 0 ROUGH 
 
 I N 
 
 Worcefler-Shire, 
 
 ^^gHIS New Editiori of 
 the foliolving Tra6t of 
 the Modern Geography is 
 B ( with 
 
The Epifile Dedicatory. 
 
 (withthe profoundeft Refped:) 
 Dedicated by 
 
 Your Lordjhifs 
 Mojt Humhly 
 Devoted Servant ^ 
 
 Pat Gordon, 
 
THE 
 
 P REFACE- 
 
 T principal Defign, in publijhing thefolloiv- 
 ing Jreatifey is. To prefeni: the younger 
 fore of our Nobility and Gentry, with 
 a Compendious, PleaHint and Metho- 
 dical Tx^ti MOD E llM GEO^ 
 GRAP HTj chat moil: ufeful Science, which high- 
 ly deferves their Regard in a peculiar Manner, if 
 it be alkdgd. That the fVcrld is already overflcck'd 
 with Compofures of this Nature ^ / freely grant the 
 Charge ; but withal, I'll be bold to fay, That thei-es 
 none as yet publiffd, which if mt palpably Faulty^ in 
 me or mere ofthefe three RefpeEls. Either thsy are too 
 Voluminous, and thereby Fright the Toiing Student 
 from fo mu(h as ever attempting that Study : Or, Second- 
 ly, too Compendious, a'/id thereby give him only a hari 
 
 B 2 S'lpet' 
 
The PREFACE. 
 
 Superficial Knowledge of Things : Or fiually, confus'd 
 (being writ without any due Order or Adetiood) and fo 
 ionfound Imn before he is aware. But all thefe are 
 carLfuUy avoided in the following Treatife ; for, in 
 framing of it, I've induftrioujly endeavour d^ to make it 
 ob feri'e a juft Mean, benveen the tzvo E:<trea?m of a large 
 Y ohn-nc and a narrow Compend. ^dd., as to t: e 
 Method in which it now appears, the fame is ( I pre- 
 fiime) jo Plain and Natural, that 1 may fafeb refer 
 the T 'ial thereof to the Impartial Judgment of the Se- 
 z'erefi Critick. 
 
 To defend to Particulars. The whole conjifis now of 
 Two Parts, whereof the frfi gi'ves a Gcncralj and the 
 feccnd a Particular View of the Terraqueous Globe. 
 
 . Part I. Ingvuing a General View of tile faid Globv, 
 J\'e performed thefe five Things, viz. (i.) I've iliuflrated 
 (J>y way either o/^aDehnicionjDefcriptioiv?- Derivation ) 
 all thofe TcYinS'that are any ways necejfaryf r the right 
 JJnderfianding of the aforefaid Globe, as alfo the Ana- 
 lytical Tables of the fillowingTrmtife. (2.) Tve fet 
 down all thofe pleafant FrohlemS performable by the Ter- 
 re fir ial Globe, together with the manner of their Per- 
 formance. (3.) I've fubjoind divers plain Geographical 
 Theorems \_or f elf -evident Truths^ clearly dedudbie 
 from the foregoing Problems. (4. ) Tve advanced fnne 
 Paradoxical Politions in Matters of Geography, which 
 mainly depend on a thorough Knowledge of the Globe, 
 and are equally certain with the aforefaid Theorems, 
 though many of them may pojfthly appear to fome as the 
 greatefi of Fables- L'aftly, I've taken a Trarifient Sur- 
 vey of the whole Surface of the Terraqueous Glc^be, 
 as it conjifis of Land and Water, as its file conflituent 
 Parts. 
 
 Thi^ 
 
The PREFACE. 
 
 This is the S^bfiancc of the Firft Patt, and, before I 
 proceed to the Second, / rmji here defire the Reader may 
 be fleas d to ohferve thefe two Things, viz. (i.) That in 
 defining the various Geographical Terms [mention d 
 Sed. I. ] / have not flriBlj tjd my fHf to the Logical 
 Rules of a Definition ; for, if the Term proposd be only 
 explain d, that is all requird here, (2 .) In advancing 
 thofe Geographical Paradoxes \_mentiond Sed. IV. J 
 which ■will prcbablj fi fiartle the Reader at firfi ( being 
 a meer Novelty iu Trdls of this kind ) as that he cant 
 readily comprehend either their Meaning or Dcjign ; let him 
 therefore be pleased to knoiv, that the main Drift of fuch' 
 an mcofjtmon Ejfay, is, in Jhort,. To whet the Appetite 
 of our Geographical Student for a compleat Under- 
 fending of the Globe, l^^pon a thorough Knowledge of 
 which, thefe feeming Mjfleries do mainly depend'] or, more 
 briefly, 'tis to fet our young Student a thinking. Al- 
 though the Soul of Man is a cogitative Being, and its 
 Thoughts fi nimble as to furround the Vniverfi it felf in a 
 trice ; yet fi unthoughtful and firangely immttr'd in Scnfe 
 is the generality of Perfins, that th'ey need fime fiartling 
 Nbifi ( like a fudden Clap of Thunder ) to roufe and a- 
 waken them. Now, as a flrange and unheard of Pha^no- 
 menon, fuddenly appearing in the Natural World, doth at- 
 trdi the Eyes of all Men, and raifeth a Cur'.ofitj in fime 
 to inquire into the Reafon of it ; even fi is the Fropofal of a 
 Paradoxical Truth to the IntelleBual: For it immediately fum-r 
 mons all the Powers of the Soul together, and fits the Vnder- 
 fianding a-^vork^to fearch into, and Scan the Matter. To 
 awaken the Mind of Man to its Natural of Thought 
 and Confiderarion, may be juftly reckon d no trivial Bufi- 
 nefs; if we confider, that 'tis to the want thereof (or a ffu- 
 pid Inconfideration ) that we may chiefly impute all Epor- 
 mities of Mankind, whether in Judgment or Practice. If 
 therefore thefi Paradoxes iibove-mention d jhall obtain the End 
 
The P REFA C E- 
 
 propos'dy (the roufing of the Mind to think) it mah 
 ten the lejs, if fime of them, upon Jiri^ Enquiry, Jhould 
 be femd to conjifi of Equivocal Terms , or perhaps prove 
 little more thm a. Quibble at the Bottom, Proceed we 
 
 now to 
 
 Part II. Giving a Particular View of the Terraqueous 
 Globe. Bj fuch a View / underfland a clear and exa^ 
 ProJpe5i of all remarkable Countries, and their Inhabitants, 
 on the Face of the whole Earth* and that in thefe following 
 Particulars, viz. Their 
 
 Situation, 
 
 Extent, 
 
 Divifion, 
 
 Subdivifion, 
 
 Chief Towns, 
 
 Name, 
 
 Air, 
 Soil, 
 
 Commodities, 
 Rarities, 
 
 Archbifhopricks, 
 Bifhopricks, 
 
 Univerfities, 
 
 Manners, 
 
 Language, 
 
 Government, 
 
 Arms, 
 
 Religion. 
 
 What is faid upon each of thofe Heads, will befi appear by 
 the following Table. 
 
 • r 
 
 Situation- 
 
 Extent • 
 
 O 
 
 U 
 
 Divifion-- 
 
 TheDegr.l Long. (' ^^"^^^"^"^ 
 of j'L^t. I any Country 
 
 j ItsdueDimen-J^E.toW.') in Englifh 
 ' lions tVoin ~^S. to N.J Miles/ 
 
 r The general Parts or Claf- 
 ^ fesjtowhxhany Coun- 
 
 2 Things, 
 
 try is redycible. 
 How thofe Parts or Claf- 
 fes are moft readily found. 
 
 Conr 
 
The PREFA C E. 
 
 SHbdivlJion < 
 
 Chief Towns- 
 
 Name--- 
 
 Air — ■ " 
 
 Soil. 
 
 Cemmodities- 
 
 i Rarities 
 
 Archbifloopricks- 
 
 Bifloopricks 
 
 Uiiiverfities 
 
 rThs particular Provinces 
 . \ which any Country 
 z Things, J contains. 
 
 ) How thofe Provinces are 
 ( raoft readily found. 
 
 ( The Modern Names of 
 
 2 Things,^ thofe Towns. 
 
 vix.. ^ How fuch Towns are 
 raoft readily found. 
 
 'How term'd by the Anci- 
 ents. 
 
 3 Things, J The various Modern Ap- 
 "viz.. \ pellations. 
 
 The Etymology of the 
 Englijl) Name. 
 
 hings,^ 
 iz,. S 
 
 1 ThingS; 
 viz. 
 
 3 Things, 
 vix,. 
 
 ( Its Nature as to Heat and 
 Cold, e^c. 
 The Antipodes of that 
 part of the Globe. 
 
 " The proper Climate there- 
 of. 
 
 ' Its natural Produdi:. 
 I The Extent of Days and 
 Nights. 
 
 r Thofe in particular which the 
 Country produceth. 
 
 r Thofe of Nature where 
 \ ccrt3.in. 
 Things, ; ^^^^^ ^^j^ efpccially 
 
 j Monuments of Anti- 
 
 2 Things,^) 
 
 1 Things, Sxf^. their< 
 
 1^ Number. 
 
 2 Things, J 
 
 \ Names. 
 
 B 4 Coticera- 
 
The PREFACE. 
 
 Manners- 
 
 LAnguage 
 
 Go-vcm7T;ent - 
 
 Arms ■ 
 
 Religion -- 
 
 I 2 Things 
 \ viz. 
 
 2 Things, 
 1,1 z. 
 
 2 Things, 
 viz. 
 
 The Natural 
 
 Temper, 
 The moft no- 
 ted Cufloms 
 
 ^of the 
 People. 
 
 Its C.ompofitipn and 
 
 Propriety. 
 Pflter Nofter as a Speci- 
 men thereof. 
 
 Its Nature or Real Con- 
 
 ftitution. 
 The Publick Courts of 
 Judicature. 
 
 Things fThe f rue Coat quarter- 
 . ' ^"<v ed. 
 ' (_Thc proper Motto. 
 
 The chief Tenets there- 
 2 Things, j , , 
 
 T^i^. A . ""^ whom 
 
 Chriftianitywas p]ant- 
 ed, if ever. 
 
 7%e Reader ca^^'t here expeEl a very large Account of all 
 thefe fever al Headsy it being impffihle in fa little room, as the 
 narrow Compafsofa Compend dlcnvs, to fay the half of what might 
 hefaid upon many of 'em; however, he may here find all thofe 
 things that are mofi effenttal : Thefe few Sheets being an Ab- 
 firdl of what is more largely exprefs'd in the greatefi Vo- 
 lumes. Several of thofe Heads above-mentioned being Sub- 
 jeSis that don't admit of new Relations, I reckon my felf 
 no Plagiary, to grant, that fve taken the Ajjiflance of 
 others; efieeming it needlefs fometimes ta alter the Cha- 
 raSier. either of a People or Country, when I found it fuc- 
 cinEly worded by a credible Pen, Here the Reader may 
 be ^leasd to know^ that in treating of all Countries, 
 
 J have 
 
The PREFACE. 
 
 / have made their .Situation my only Rftki begin-^ 
 ningflill tmth thofe towards the ^on\\, excefting^onh 
 America, ivhere I thought good to end at the Vole, Buty 
 as touching the Analytical Tables of this Treatife, ( the 
 main Bufmefs of the BookJ their Defign and Vfe, in fhort, 
 is, Toprefent to the Eye, at one Vieiv, a compleat Profpe(5t 
 of a Country in all its remarkable Diyifions, Subdivilions, 
 and Chief Towns, with the manner hmv all thefe are 
 moji readily found. The Letters of the N. S. W. E. [fg- 
 mfying the Four Cardinal and N. W. N. E. S. W. S. E. 
 tU Four Intermediate Points of the Compafs'] being affix' d 
 to the QUtJide of the various Braces in the aforefaid Tables^ do 
 e^^prefs the Situation of the Parts of the Country there men- 
 tion d ; as (page 45.) where the Divi/ions of AfricA are 
 faid to be found from N. ?o S. If only Cities andTowns^ 
 and no Divijions of a Country are fit down, then thefe Let- 
 ters have the fame Relation to them, fhsiving their Situation 
 in rejpefi of one mother. If a little Brace fall within a 
 greater \_as ^sl^q^'^. where Egypt WBarbary W^/to 
 peculiar Brace ] this is to pew, that thofe two Countries are 
 taken together, exprefsd on the backfide of the outmoji Brace: 
 the fame is to be J aid .of Cities and Taivns, if only fuch are 
 fet down. But finally, if neither Divijions nor Towns can 
 be fo order d, as to have their Situation exprefs'd in a conjun5l 
 mamer ; then the reJpe^Hve Diflance of fuch Towns from 
 fome remarkable City is particularly dsclard in Engliih 
 Miles, as Cpag. 144.I where thoje in the Circle of Suabia 
 are fo fet dvivn' If it be objc^ed, that not all but only the 
 chief Towns of every Country are mention d in thefe Ta-^ 
 bles : To this I anjwer. That to mention all were needle fs ; 
 for I prefume, that he who knows the true Situation of the 
 fifty two Comties in England, and can readily point at the 
 chief Towns in each of 'em, may eafily find any other in the 
 fame County, if exprefs'd inthe Map. Befides, theBufinefsof 
 a Geographical Trad is not fo much to heap up a vafi 
 
 multitude 
 
The PREFACE. 
 
 mntimde of Nams-, as to Jhew the Divifionsj and Sub- 
 divifions of every Country^ ivith the Principal Town in 
 each of *em, and how all fnch are mofi readily found. 
 If it be farther obje^ed, that neither the Analytical Ta- 
 bles of this Treatife, nor the various Defcriptions of 
 Countries annext to them^ are any thing of a new Difco- 
 very in the Science of Geography, but only the bare 
 Crambe recofta of thofe -who have gone before us : To 
 this I anfiver-i that the Tables are indeed materially the 
 feme with others [ and otherways it cannot be, unlefs we 
 of this Age were fo extreamly fortunnate as to make a 
 comfleat Difiovery of all the Countries and Towns as yet 
 unknown ; or fo abfurdly ridiculousy as to coin new Names 
 for thofe we know already^ yet notjvithjianding this, they 
 are highly preferable to all others whatfoever. For fuch 
 Tables, hitherto publifjd, ( 7vhether lc.n^\()\, French, or 
 Dutch ) being only a bare Catalogue of Names, confusd- 
 ly fet down without any due Order and Method are of fo 
 little ufe to the Reader, that his Tains are fill the fame 
 as before^ to find out thofe Names in the Map z Where- 
 as the Tables of the following Treatife are fo contrived, by 
 particular Directions on the outjide of their refpeUive Braces, 
 that he may point at thofe various Countries and Towns 
 hi the Map ( almofi ) as fafi as he can read their Names 
 in the Table. And, as touching the Defcriptions of thofe 
 Countries and their Inhabitants 'twere indeed mofi unrea- 
 fonable to expetl a Narrative of them complearly new, 
 unlefs it be in thofe Countries, which have undergone fuch 
 wonderful Changes, that the very Face of Things is com- 
 pleatly New ; or fome remote Parts of the World, where 
 later Intelligence hath rectified former Miflakes. Bejides, 
 'tis not fo much my prefent Dejign in the following Tract, 
 to prefent the Reader with perfectly new Relations (ex-^ 
 cept in fuch Cafes above-mention d ) as to Abridge and Me- 
 thodize thofe already known. And this fufficiently anfwers 
 
 the 
 
The PREFACE. 
 
 J fhe propofed end of the Treat ifi, being calculated (as I aU 
 ready hinted ) for thofe, ivho are meer Strangers to Geo- 
 grapliyj or \_at leaji] bm yomg Proficients in that excel-^ 
 lent Science ; / mean, the generality of them, ivho either at" 
 tend our publkkjSchooh, or Study under the Care and Con-' 
 duct of private Tutors. And fo much for the Second 
 Part. 
 
 To thefe two Parts is annexed an Appendix compre- 
 hending, (i,) A Short rie-w of the chief Emo^t^n Plan- 
 tations abroad, whether Countries, Towns, or Fadories. 
 (2.) Some Reafonahle Propofals/or the Propagation of the 
 Blefled Gofpel in all Pagan Countries. 
 
 This, in port, is the Sum and Method of the folio-w- 
 ing Geographical Treatife, which (as J faid) is principally 
 dejignd for the ufe and benefit of the younger Sort of our 
 Nobility and Gentry. And, did fnch Perfons apply their 
 Minds, in their younger Tears, to this rnofi ufeful and divert- 
 ing Science ; 'tis more than probable, that they might there- 
 by avoid thofe many and grofs Immoralities which abound a- 
 mong us. For, if we firictly enquire into the Source of thefe 
 foul and loathfome Streams, ( ejpecially in thofe ivhom For- 
 tune hath raised above the common Level, ) we may readily 
 find, that they mainly flow from that detefteflable Habit of 
 Idlenefs, in which the generality of fkch Perfons are bred up, 
 during their youthful Days, and to which they wholly give 
 up themfelves, when arrivd to riper Tears. By which means 
 they're expos d to a thoufand Temptations, and continually 
 lie open to the grand Adverfarj of Souls. For the reme- 
 dying of this great Evil, 'tis highly to be wifiy'd, that fuch 
 Perfons would daily imploy a few of their many fpare Hours 
 ( that now lie heavy upon their Hands ) in fome proper di- 
 verting Study, vwich carries along with it both Profit and 
 Pleafure, as its conflant Attendants. N(nv, fitch a Study 
 
The PRE FACE. 
 
 is. undoubtedly that of Hiftory, a 'Study that's particularly 
 proper for a Gentleman, and adorns him ivith the befl Ac- 
 complipments a Study that begets Experience ivtthout Grey 
 Hairs-, and makes a Man wife at the Toil md Charge of 
 ethers. If it be objected, that many have made Attempts of 
 the fame, and that without Succejs j mofi certain it is, I 
 own, and the Reafon is ready at hand, namely, their Omif 
 fion of a needful Preliminary Study, viz. That ofGR O- 
 G R A P H Y, 7i^hich, with fome fmall tafle of Chronology, 
 may he defervedly termed The Eyes and Feet of Hi- 
 ftory; and ought to be acquird by our Hijiorian, either in 
 his younger Days, or ( at leaf) in the firfi place. On which 
 account Fve drawn up the following Treattfe, adapting it 
 chiefly to the younger Sort of our Nobility and Gentry 
 by the help of W'hich they may quickly acquire fuch an Idea 
 of all remarkable Countries, as to fit 'em fUfficiently for turn- 
 ing over any Modern Hiftory whatfoever. This one Step 
 in Education of Touth were preferable [methinks'] to a Se- 
 ven Years Drudgery in the dry Study of bare Words ; and a 
 Second Apprenticepip that's ufuallj fpent in a Phantajlick^ 
 Improvement of the Mind with many ufelefs Speculations. 
 And I may be bold to fay, that to exercife the Thotiqhts in 
 fuch a manner as this, or to be but tolerably accomplijh'd in 
 thefe diverting Studies, would vafily t ran fend ?nqji of thofe 
 other Accomplifliments and Diverlions, fo much in Voaue 
 among our Gentry at prcfent. And 'tis highly probaLle, 
 that fuch a Method as this might more effectually cheeky 
 the ' growth of Vice among them, than the mofl elaborate 
 Moral Difcourfe that can be framd \ [ the very Title of 
 fuch Compofures being enough many Times to fright them, 
 from the Perufal'\ whereas a moderate Application of 
 Mind to the aforefaid Studies would infenfibly wean the 
 Thoughts of fome from the reigning Impieties of the Age ; 
 md in others it might even happily prevent an early acquaint- 
 ance 7vith Vice in general. 
 
 And 
 
The PREFACE. 
 
 u4nd thus jopt fee the Defign, Method, and Siib- 
 ftance of the whole Treatife. One Word now concerning 
 thu Edition, md I have done. The kmd Reception of the 
 former fmpreflons of this Geographical Tra6t , and its 
 ready admittance into many of our publick^Schools, give me 
 frep Encouragement to Kevife it once more, and to make 
 what farther Improvements either the Nature of the Sub- 
 je5l, or Bignejs of the Volume would admit of Bejtdes a 
 <areful Correction of a few Miftakes in the laft Imprejfi- 
 on, I've made in this, fome material Additions, and thofe 
 difpers'd through the Body of the Bool^, which, I confe/sy 
 i6 a Lofs to the Gentlemen who bought the former Edi- 
 tions, but there is no Remedy for it now. In the mean 
 time, if it could any ways atone for what is done ; or 
 rather to prevent at leafi the fears of any ftich Thing for 
 the Future', I -may here adventure to declare once for all, 
 that this is the lafi Time lever intend to make any confidc- 
 rable Additions to this Treatife; even fuppofing it jljould 
 bear a great many Imprejfions hereafter, I may likewife take 
 this Occafton to declare, that. Health and Opportunity ferv- 
 ina, 'tis probable, I may publi/b, fome Tears hence, a Com- 
 ptndious Body of Ancient Geography ; and that fitted 
 likewife for the Schools, md made much more Methodical 
 md Vfeful than any as yet extant. A Work^ extreajnly 
 wanted, and may be jufily ranked among the Defideranda of 
 this inquifitive Age, But te return to the prcfent Treatife ,i 
 As for the Maps belonging to it; I have not augmented 
 the Number of them, becaufe the Analytical Tables of this 
 TraB are to be read with particular Sheet Maps ^whe- 
 ther Englifh, French, or Dutch, ] and not with thofe 
 here inferted; which, though good enough of their kmd, yet 
 being fo fmall a Scale, they are more for Ornament than 
 Vfe, How far this Treatife in the whole doth anfwer 
 its propofed End; and how much this Impreffion is prefer- 
 
The PREFACE. 
 
 ahle to any of the former I intirelj leave to the Reader's Judge'^ 
 went to determine. This being all I thmk^necejfarj to pre~ 
 mife concerning the following Comfofure, I JImU no longer 
 detain the Reader by way of Preface, concluding the fame 
 with the Words of the Poeti 
 
 Vive* vale : Si quid novifti redius iftis,- 
 Candidus imperti : Si non, his utere meciim. 
 
 g. Hor. Epiji. Lib. i. 
 
 The 
 
CO 
 
 THE 
 
 TENTS. 
 
 Sea. I. 
 
 Sea. 
 
 Sea. IV. 
 
 Sea. 
 
 3ea, 
 
 Sea, 
 
 HE following Treatife being divided into two Parts j 
 whereof 
 
 Firft '7 Sj Ta General View 1 r , 
 o .)>><< „ . , S>of the Terraqueous Globe. 
 
 Second J 'So |_a Particular View j ^ 
 
 Part I. 
 Giving a General View. 
 
 Sea. I. Containing ^SGeogMphical Definitions. From Page 2 to ly 
 Se£t. II. Containing 48 Geographical Problems -if to 32 
 
 Sea. Ill, Containing 41 Geographical Theorems 32 to 56 
 
 'Sea. IV. Containing 39 Geographical Paradoxes -—^ ^6 to 42 
 Sea. V. Concerning Land and Water • 42 to 60 
 
 Part II. 
 Giving a Particular View, Comprehends, 
 
 Chap. I. EU R OPE. 
 
 * 
 
 C Sweden- — 62 
 Scandinavia [p. 60.] containing< Denmark — 66 
 
 ( Nor'way-'—-'} 2 
 
 Mofcovia- — ' -7 5 
 
 Trance .■■ • §1 
 
 Germany [p. 98.] divided /zowfr^^^^^^""^ J 
 
 ^"'■^ \upper Germany 128 
 
 Poland I ' M . .. I I 137 
 
 145- 
 149 
 1 84 
 
 II. 
 III. 
 
 V. 
 
 VI. 
 
 VII. 
 
 <, Spain and Portugal 
 
 ^ « J//»/jy 
 
 Sea. VIII. 
 
 Sea. IX. 
 
 Ttirky in Europe [p. 179.] 
 as 
 
 Europtan Inlands [p. 1 9 1 •] 
 as 
 
 Hungary- 
 \ Greece — 
 1 Tartan-. 
 
 -17S 
 
 „ . -183 
 Danuo. Provinces 185' 
 S"cof/. 192 
 |Br/Mi»< Ewj'/. 204. 
 
 \Wales 214 
 Ireland ——-—2 1 8 
 
 CHAP. 
 
the CONTENTS. 
 Chap. II. Of ASIA. 
 
 Page 2^6. 
 
 Sea. I. 
 Sea. II. 
 Sea. III. 
 Sea. IV. 
 Sea. V. 
 Sea. VI. 
 
 Tftrtftry 
 Chirm. 
 Indin- 
 Terjiet- 
 
 Turky in Afm 
 
 The Afiatick Ifiands 
 
 If 6 
 269 
 
 J9I 
 
 Chap. III. Of AFRICA. 
 
 P. 302 
 
 Sea. 1. ■ 
 
 Sea. II. 
 Sea III. 
 Sea. IV. 
 Sea. V. 
 Sea. VI. 
 Sea. VII. 
 Sea. VIII. 
 Sea. IX. 
 
 r Egypt — 
 Bariary 
 
 Biltduigerhl- 
 
 Zmrn, or the Defert • 
 K^J Negroelmd - ■ 
 
 r c I Guinea 
 
 I u I Nu^ia- 
 
 I Ethiopia 
 
 \^Africm Iflands- 
 
 ■303 
 307 
 
 -3H 
 
 -316 
 
 •319 
 •322 
 
 ■3^4- 
 •334- 
 
 Chap. IV. Of AMERICA. Page 342 
 
 Sea. I. ■ 
 
 Sea. II. 
 Sea. III. 
 Sea. IV. 
 Sea. V. 
 
 Sea. vr. 
 
 Sea. VII. 
 
 Sea. vm. 
 
 Sea. IX. 
 Sea. X. 
 Sea. XI. 
 Sea. XII. 
 Sea. XIII. 
 Sea. XIV. 
 Appendix ~ 
 
 f New Spaifi 
 
 Neva Granada- 
 Florida 
 
 Terra Camdenfis. 
 
 Terra ArSiica 
 
 Terra Tirmi^ 
 
 Per« '• — - 
 
 Amnx-onia ■ 
 
 Brafil - 
 
 Chili 
 
 Paraguay — — — — 
 Terra Magellanica 
 Terra Antarctica — 
 
 The AmericanlQznds- 
 
 -3+3 
 -347 
 -349 
 -3'5-i 
 
 -3^7 
 -368 
 
 -37i 
 
 — 376 
 
 -378 
 
 -3^3 
 -38^ 
 
 -^ll 
 -^■88 
 
 - 389 
 -4of 
 
 Modernr 
 
C I 3 
 
 Modern Geography. 
 
 Part I. 
 
 Comprehending a 
 
 GNERAL VIEW 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 Terraqueous GLOBE, 
 
 ^ »t IS jS; -3$ ^ « ^ ^ i^i )K $ ^ 
 
 INTRODUCTION, 
 
 Y a General View of the Terraqueous Globe, We under- 
 ftood fiich a Profpedi of it and all its Appendages, as 
 fufficiently amounts to a Compendious ( yet compleat ) 
 Syjlem of the true fundamentals of the whole Body 
 of Modern Geography. In taking fuch a View, we 
 fhall bbierve the following Method. 
 
 I. We fliall illuftrate (by wayeithei-of Definition, Defcription, or 
 'Derivation, efpecially the firft ) all thofe Terms^ that are any ways 
 neccflary for the right tJnderftanding of the aforefaid Globe j as alio 
 the JnalyticaJ, Tables of the following Treatiie: 
 
 C a. W© 
 
Geographical definitions. Part I. 
 
 2. We fiiall ftt down in due Order and Method, all thofe pleafant 
 Trohlems, or delightful Operationr, performable by the artificial 
 Globe: together with the Manner of their Performance. 
 
 3. We lhall fubjoin divers plain Geographical Theorems, or felf- 
 cvident Truths, clearly deducible from the foregoing Problems. 
 
 4. We fl^sall advance fomc P^iraJoxical Fojitions in Matters of Geo- 
 graphy j (or a few infa.iible Truths in Maiquerade) which mainly 
 depend upon a thorough Knowledge of the Globe ,• and are equally 
 certain with the afoielaid Theorems, tlio' many of them maypolli- 
 bly appear to fome as the greateft of Fables. 
 
 Lolfly, WclVall take a traniient Survey of the whole Surface of 
 the terraqueous Globe, as it conhfts of Lartd and Water, as its fole 
 conftituent Parts. 
 
 Of thele Five general Heads feparately,and in their Order. Therefore. 
 
 SECT. I. 
 
 Containing fome neceffary Geographical 
 IDefinitions. 
 
 Def. I . Q. E O G R A P H Y Science both pleafant 
 and lifeful] doth mainly conjifi^ in giving a 
 true Defcription of the cxt^rief P^^t of the Earthly Globe, 
 as 'tis compos'd of Lmd and Water, efpecially the jormer. 
 
 That Geogr.'iphy. doth merit the Title of Science in leveral Refpeft s, 
 and that the Knowledge thereof is both pleafant and ufeful to Man- 
 kind, is a Truth fo univerfally granted, that 'twere altogether need- 
 lefs to enter upon a Probation of it. Geography derives its compound 
 Name from the two Gree/.r Primitives of ^SJ, Terra, andyfdipa, fcri-^ 
 bo vel defcribo ; and differeth from Cofmography, [quali t» Jtoo"/^'^ 
 ^p*?}5vel i.e. M«W/ De/"m/)m] as a part doth from the 
 
 whole; zs alio from Chorographyznd Topography, [quali <r» ^fis>&i 
 <fii •mrf^'^im'y^.^n, i. e.Kegionis ac Loci Defcriptio'] as the whole from 
 its parts. By a true Defcription of the exterior Part of the Globe of the 
 Xanh, we underftand purely an Account of the SitKRiim, Extent, 
 Bivifions, and Subdivijions, of all remarkable Countries on the Surface 
 of the faid Globe, together v/ith the Names of their Cities and 
 chief Towns, and that according as thofe Countries are already pro- 
 jeded to our Hands upon particular Geographical Maps, and not aa 
 aftual Survey of Menfuration of 'em, which the Science of Geography 
 prefuppofeth, and which properly belongs to GeodAjia, or the Art of 
 fiiirveying Land. In giving fuch a Defaiption of Countries fas a- 
 
Part I Geographical^efimtions, i 
 
 (■i;ua; -r .Liithe Science of Geo^r/?/)^j properly confift} as for o* 
 otner Narratives relating either to Countries themfelves, or their In- 
 habitants, and which commonly fwell up Geographical Traits, v/e 
 reckon them (tho' the more pleafant Part of this Study) rather the 
 Fringes o{ Goo'^ . >.y, than its real or eflential Parts. In the fore- 
 going Definition we entirely reftridt the Science of Geography to the 
 exterior Fart or Surface of the earthly Globe, and that as 'tis compo- 
 fed of Land and Pf^ater, as its fole conftituent Parts ; deiigning there- 
 by to diftinguifh it from Natural Vhilofophy, which (in its curious 
 and pleafant Enquiries) reacheth not only the faid Surface and all its 
 conftituent Parts, but alfo the whole Globe of the Earth, with the 
 whole Body of the Atmofphere furrounding the fame : Yea, and 
 even the outmoft imaginable Expanle of the Firmament itfelf. We 
 again reftrift that Science mainly to one Fart of the aforefaid Sur- 
 face (viz.. the dry Land) thereby to diftinguifnit from Hydrography y 
 which particularly treateth of the other, namely, Water. The Ob- 
 jeH therefore of Geography in a large Senft, is the whole Surface of 
 the Ball of the Earth, conlifting of Land&nd Water as its fole con- 
 ftituent Parts J or (in a ftridi and more proper Senie) only one of 
 thole Parts, to wit, the firm Land. For the more diftinftiy view- 
 ing which Parts, and the better comprehending of the Science of 
 Modern Geography in the true Fundamentals thereof, we ftiall begin 
 with that artificial Reprefentation of the Earthly Ball, commonly 
 call'd the Terraqueous Glohe. 
 
 Def.2. T/j^ Terraqueous Globe is an Artificial Spherical 
 Body, on xvhofe Convex Part is truly reprefenteatheivhok Sur- 
 face of the Ball of the Earth, as it confijis o/Land and Water. 
 
 ThhGlohtk itrm'A Terr acjueous, from Terra Aqua, (the two 
 conftituent Parts of its Surface) or Terrefirial, to diftinguifh it from 
 the Coeleflial ; or finally, the Artificial Globe as a differencing Mark 
 firbm the natural or real Globe of the Earth, are all fo notorioufly 
 known, that the leaft lUuftration were wholly fuperfluous. We reck- 
 on it alfo fuperfluous to fhow, that there is a true Re/emblance in 
 Figure, between the artificial and natural Globe, or that the Body of 
 thie Earth is truly Spherical : This being now beyond all Difpute, and 
 never (at leaft very rarely) call'd in Queftion, except it be only by Wo- 
 men and Children. But here note, That in the following Treatift, 
 we entirely reftri6t ourfelves to this Globe j lb that whereloever the 
 Name of G/o^e rs indefinitely mention'd,vve are never tounderftand the 
 Coeleftial. Note alfo, that wrherelGever we are upon the Surface of the 
 natural Globe, that the Point in the Heavens, exaftly vertical to us, 
 h t^rm'^ QMS Zenith) mdthat Point diametrically oppofitc thereto. 
 
Geographical Dejimtions. Part I. 
 
 is ftil'd our }^adir; which are two corrupted Arab'tm Terms in A- 
 ftronomy importing what is here aflerted of them. The Obferva- 
 ble that prefent themfelvcs to our View in treating of the Globe, 
 are its Axis and Voles. 
 
 Def. 3. TAe Axis is an imaginary Line pa(]lng through 
 the Center of the real Gkhe of the Earthy upcn which the 
 whole Frame thereof is fuppofed to turn round. 
 
 It's term'd Axis ^om etya, quod circa illam agatur Terra. As this 
 Axis in the Natural Globe, is an imaginary Line, fo in Artificial 
 Globes it is a real one, being a ftreight piece of Iron, or Iblid Wood, 
 pafling thro' the middle of the Globe, as the Axle-tree of a Wheel 
 
 Def. 4. 7%e Poles are the two Extremities of the Axis, one 
 •^ihereof terrnd the North or Ardick, and the other the 
 South and Antarctick. 
 
 They are call 'd Poles from verto, becaufe upon them the 
 
 whole frame of the Globe turneth round. The North is term'd 
 ArBick from a§Kj©-, fignifying a Bear, becauie the real North Pole 
 in the Heavens is commonly taken for a certain noted Star in that 
 Cohftellation which bears the Name of the Little Bear: And the 
 South is ftil'd Antar click, from clpji, [contra'] and a,fiC,©- [urfa'] 
 caule of its Diametrical Oppoiition to the other. The Terraqueous 
 '■Globe being a Spherical Body ( as aforefaid ) turning round upon its 
 own Axis ; For the better Underftanding of that Globe in all its 
 exterior Parts, and the various Operations perform'd by the fame i 
 we are to conceive it, not only as a bare Spherical Body, but alfo as 
 fuch a Body furrounded with many imaginary C/Vf/t^ 5 the chief of 
 which are Eight, divided into 
 
 . Five Fa- C The Equator. Three not C The Horizon, 
 
 rallels, J The two Troftcks, Parallei,^The Meridian, 
 
 viz. cThe two Polar Circles. viz. ?The Zodiack. 
 Otherwife divided into 
 <^The Horizon, 
 
 Four Greater,) The Meridian, p.^,,^ ^^^^ ^ The two Tropicks. 
 
 viz. )The£^«^^.r, ^'-^''O ^ 
 
 {jTht Zodiack. ' } The two Polar Circles. 
 
 Def. 5. 7he Horizon is that great Circle which divideth 
 the Gkble into two equal Parts, termd the Upper and the 
 Lower Hemifpheres. 
 
 It's lb called from Q^if^m, Terminans \t\finiens, quianoftrumter- 
 Tninat frofpeaum, it being the outmoft bounds or limits of our Sight 
 when fituated in any Plain, or at Sea. This Circle is twofold, viz. 
 
 The 
 
Part I.- Geographical Dejinitions $ 
 
 The Smjible and the Rational Horizm ; The Senji&k, is that already 
 defcrib'd, bounding the outmoft Profpeft of the Eye, when viewing 
 the Heavens round from any Part of the Surface of the Earth ; but 
 the other is purely formed in the Mind, and fuppoleth the Eye to be 
 placed in the very Centre of the Earth, beholding the entire Upper 
 Hemifphere of the Firmament .- The Circle terminating fuch a Pro- 
 fpeft is reckon 'd the true Rational Horizon, which is duly reprelent- 
 ed by that broad wooden Circle, ufually fitted for all Globes. Upon 
 which are infcrib'd leveral other Circles, particularly thofe two con- 
 taining the Names of the Months, and Number of their Days, ac- 
 cording to the Julian and Gregorim Account; as alfb that other di- 
 vided into the thirty two Points of the Compafs. 
 
 Def. 6. The Meridian /> that great Circle, ivhich, paffing 
 through the tzvo Poles, divideth the Gkbe into fwo equal 
 Parts, term'd the Eaftern and Weftern Hemifpheres. 
 
 It's fo call'd from Mcredies vel medius dies, becaufe the Sun, co- 
 ming to the Meridian of any Place, is due South, or maketh Mid-Bay 
 in the faid Place. The'Meridian here defin'd is that great brazen Cir- 
 cle, in which the Globe turneth round upon the two Extremities of 
 its Axis paffing thro' the laid Circle; but the Meridians infcrib'd on 
 the Globe it lelf, are thole thirty fix Semicircles terminating in both 
 the Poles; befides which we may imagine as many as wepleaft; on- 
 ly Note, That one of thole Meridians is always reckoned the firfii 
 however 'tis matter of Indifference, which of them we take for liich. 
 
 Def. 7. T/^JC- Equator or Equinodial, is that great Circle 
 •which divideth the Globe into fwo equal Parts, called the 
 Southern and Northern Hemifpheres. 
 
 It's call'd Equator, becauie the Sun coming to this Circle, tunc <e- 
 cjuantur noBes 0> dies, or Equinociial for the lame reafon, -viz,. £qua- 
 lita mSium cum diebus. By others it's fimply term'd the Line ^gjr' 
 If op^«, and that chiefly by Navigators, as being of Angular ule in 
 their Operations. It's divided into 360 Degrees, and thofe are reck- 
 on'd round the Globe, beginning at the firfl: Meridian, and proceeding 
 Eafirpard. 
 
 Def. 8. The Zodiack is that great broad Circle which 
 cutteth the Equinvtlial Line obliquely, one Side thereof ex- 
 tending it felf fo far North, as the ether doth to the South 
 orf the faid Line. 
 
 It's lb call'd from ^uov, (Animal) becaufe it'§ adorn'd with twelve 
 Afterifms, (commonly term'd the twelve Signs) being moft of them 
 Reprefentations of divers Animals. The Names and Charadlers 
 otf which Signs are thele following. 
 
 C 3 Aries 
 
Geographical ^Definitions, Part. I. 
 
 Aries. Tmrtts . Gemini. Cmcer. Leo. Virgo. 
 T tJ IE © I'JJ 
 
 Ziira. Scorpio. Sagitarius. Capricornus. Aquarius, Fifces. 
 
 ^ lA v3 rj: K 
 
 Ofall the Circles infcrib'd on either of the Globes^ this alone admits 
 of Latitude, and is divided in the middle by a concentrick Circle, term'd 
 the Ecliptick, which properly is that Circle fet upon the Globe com- 
 prehending the Characters of the twel ve Signs above mention'd, each 
 of which Signs is Part of that Circle, and contains 30 Degrees. 
 
 Def. 9. The Tropicks are the two bi;igeft of the f cur 
 lejfer Circles y luhich run Parallel to the Equator, and are 
 equidiflam therefrom. 
 
 They're term'd Tropicks from Tf iTa ■. ( verto ) becaufe the Sun in his 
 annual Courfe, arriving at one of thofe Circles, doth return towards 
 the other. They derive their refpeftive Denominations of Cancer znd 
 Capricorn from touching the Zodiack at the two Signs of that Name, 
 and each of them isdiftant from the Equator, exaftly 23 deg. -i-. 
 
 Def. 10. The Polar Circles are the two leajl of the four 
 lejfer Circles^ running parallel to the Equator, ard at 
 the fame Difiance from the Poles, 06 the Tropicks are from 
 the Equatcr. 
 
 They're term'd Folar, becaufe of their Vicinity to the Poles. That 
 Circle nearefl; the North, is call'd the ArSiick ; and th' other, next to 
 the South Pole, the AntarBick Folar Circle, and that for the Reafon 
 already given, {Def. 4.) when treating of the Poles themfelves. 
 
 Thcle are the eight neceflary C/rr/e^ above-mcntion'd, but tocom- 
 pleat the Furniture of the Globe, there remain as yet but three Par- 
 ticulars, viz. the Horary Circle, th.& Quadrant of Altitude, snASerrii- 
 Circle of Fofition. 
 
 Def. II, The Korary Circle ^ a [mail Circle of Brafs, 
 and fo affix'd to the Brazen Meridian, that the Pole {or 
 End of the Axis) proves its Center. 
 
 Upon this Circle are infcrib'd the twenty four Hours of the Na- 
 tural Day, at equal Diftances from one another ; the XII. for Mid- 
 day, being in the upper Part towards the Zenith, and the other XII. 
 for Midnight in the lower towards the Horizon ; fo that the Hours 
 before Noon are in the Eafiern, and thofe for the Afternoon in the 
 Wefiern Semi-Circle : As for an Index to this Horary Circle, the 
 fame is fix'd upon the End of the Axis, and turneth round with 
 
Part. I. Geographical Definitions 
 
 7 
 
 the Globe. The Ufe of this Circle and Index will fufficiently ap- 
 pear in many pieafant Problems hereafter mention'd. 
 
 Def. 12. "The Qiiadrant of Altitude is a narrow thin 
 Plate of pliable Brajsy exactly anji\:ernble to ajourth Part 
 vj the EquinoHial. 
 
 Upon this Quadrant are infcrib'd 90 Degrees, each of them being 
 according to the fame Scale with thoie upon the Equator. How ufe- 
 ful this Quadrant is, will alio appear in the Solution of feveral Prob- 
 ieais hereafter mention 'd. 
 
 Def. 13. T/jf" Semi-Circle of Pofition is a mn-ow fol/d 
 Plate of'Brafsy exaBlj anfvcerable to one half of the Equi- 
 nuclial. 
 
 Upon this Semi-Circle are infcrib'd 180 Degrees, exaftly the /ame 
 with thofe upon theequinoftial. ' We may term it a double Quadrant ■ 
 of Altitude in fome refped, and it is of conliderable Uie in feveral 
 delightful Problems. 
 
 To thefe I might add the Mtir'mer's Ccmpafs, that moft neceflary 
 Inftrument, commonly us'd by Navigators, which being duly touch'd 
 with the Load-ftone, and horizontally fix'd upon the Pedellal of the 
 Globe, is frequently needful for the right Solut'on of fevei-al Problems. 
 
 The neceflary Circles of the Globe being Eight (as atbrefaid .-j Of 
 them, and fome others, hereafter mention'd, are form'd the Latitude 
 and Longtiude of Places, as alfo Zones and Climates. 
 
 Def. 14. Latitude is the Diji ince from the Equator to 
 either of the Poles, and meafurd t-ipon the hraz^en or fi, (i 
 Meridian. 
 
 To Term is more frequently us'd in Geography than that of La- 
 t'ttude, which is two- fold, 'viz. North znA South. In reckoning of 
 the Northern Latitude, you are to begin at the Equinoftial Line, 
 and proceed to the Arflick : And the Southern, from the Equino- 
 ftial to the Antardick Pole j ftill numb'ring the Degrees of Latitude, 
 either upon the brazen, or firft Meridian. The many Circles infcrib'd 
 on the Globe, at theDiftance of 10 Degrees from one another, and 
 parallel to the Equator, are term'd Parallels of Latitude. But be- 
 lides thofe actually infcrib'd, we are to conceive the Globe as fur- 
 nifli'd with a vaft Multitude of fuch Circles ; for every Degree of 
 Latitude, yea, and every fixtieth Part of each Degjec, is fuppos'd to 
 have an imaginary Parallel Circle, paffing through the fame. But 
 fince Latitude (as aforelaid) is the Diftance from the Equator to 
 either of the Poles } it from hence follows, that the gi-eateft Latitude 
 confifteth of 90 Degrees. Now correfpondcnt to each of thofe De- 
 grees (or thej4- of a great Circle in the Heavens) is a certain Space 
 of the Surface of the Earth, which is every where of the fame Ex- 
 
 C 4. tent 
 
 I 
 
'"8 Geographical definitions'. Part I. 
 
 tentinitfelf, but different in its number of Parts, according to the; 
 different reckoning of various Countries, To know the ^id diffe- 
 rent Number of Parts, ( of what Ibrt foever, whether they be 
 Miles, Leagues, or other Meafures ) correfponding to one Degree;^ 
 in the Heavens, is abfolutely neceffary for the right Underftanding of 
 the true Difimce of Places in different Countries, we fhall therefore 
 illuftrate the lame, and that by the following Table. 
 
 g rCommon lulim, Bnglifh, and Turk 'tjh Miles : 60 
 
 ' Ordinary Trench Leagues — — — ' io 
 
 Sfmijh M\\.es, according to Vulgar reckoning lyi- 
 
 Germm, Butch, Dmip, and Great Poland Miles 1^- 
 
 ^ Miles ufual in Svnedeland ' i i 
 
 2 Miles uliial in Hungary ■ - ' ■ - — ■ 1 o 
 
 The Verjls of Mufcovy ■ ■■ 80 
 
 Terfian^ Atabim, and EgyptiaA Parafanga- 
 
 20 
 
 The Incl'tm Cos—^ - — >- 2,4 
 
 ^ The Stades of China — •- 25-0 
 
 < 'l^The Inks of fa^an — — 400 
 
 But here Note, That tho' thefe are the moft remarkable Meafures 
 of Diftance throughout the inhabited World, with their refpeftive 
 Proportion to one Degree in the Heavens i yet, we are not to ima- 
 gine that theft Meafures are of the fame Extent in the various Pro- 
 vinces of the fame Country j as is evident from the different Length 
 of Leagues in different Parts of Irmce ; as alfo the Diverfity of Miles 
 in the South and North of England. 
 
 Def. 1 J. Longitude is the D'fiam from the fiji Meri' 
 dian, and meafured upon the Emiator. 
 
 In reckoning the various Degrees of Longitude (which are 360 
 in all ) you are to begin at the firft Meridian where-ever it is, and 
 to proceed upon the Equator quite round the Globe. Correfpondent 
 to each of thofe Degrees in the Equator, ( as to Degrees of Lati- 
 tude on the Meridian ; are fixty Italian Miles, or twenty French 
 Leagues, according to vulgar Calculation : But this is to be under- 
 ftood only ot places exaftly under the Equator ; for the true Di- 
 ftance between two Places lying due Eafi and Wefi in any confidera- 
 ble Latitude, is far lefs in Miles* than between other two Places ly- 
 ing exadtly under the Equator, and likewife under the lame Meridi- 
 ans; the Reafon of which is moft evident, namely the approaching 
 of the Meridians nearer and nearer to one another, 'till at laft they 
 unite all in the Pole ; but that you may readily find the true Diftance 
 in Miles from Zajl to Wefi, between any two Places in any Parallel 
 of Latitude j we ffall here fubjoin the following Table : In which 
 is let down, to every Degree of Latitude, the exaft Number of 
 Miles, and iixtieth part of a Mile, that are anfwerable to one Degree 
 the Equator j ftili allowing fixty Italian Miles to fuch a Degree. 
 
Part I. Geographical ^efinitionsl 
 
 
 
 
 'a 
 -) 
 
 m. 
 
 f. 
 
 0 
 
 60 
 
 00 
 
 I 
 
 f9" 
 
 5-6 
 
 z 
 
 79 
 
 
 
 5-9 
 
 
 T 
 
 5*9 
 
 
 
 5-9 
 
 46 
 
 6 
 
 S9 
 
 40 
 
 7 
 
 )9 
 
 37 
 
 8 
 
 )~9 
 
 24 
 
 9 
 
 i'9 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 )'9 
 
 00 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 12 
 
 
 40 
 
 
 5-8 
 
 28 
 
 14 
 
 i-8 
 
 12 
 
 If 
 
 )-8 
 
 00 
 
 16 
 
 i"7 
 
 40 
 
 17 
 
 )"7 
 
 20 
 
 18 
 
 f7 
 
 00 
 
 ^9 
 
 f-^ 
 
 44 
 
 20 
 
 >-6 
 
 24 
 
 21 
 
 5-6 
 
 00 
 
 22 
 
 ff 
 
 26 
 
 m. 
 
 f. 
 
 
 12 
 
 H 
 
 48 
 
 5*4 
 
 24 
 
 5*4 
 
 00 
 
 j-j 
 
 28 
 
 ^"3 
 
 00 
 
 5*2 
 
 28 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 24 
 
 CO 
 J 
 
 J 
 
 j-o 
 
 20 
 
 49 
 
 44 
 
 4.0 
 
 08 
 
 48 
 
 3^ 
 
 47 
 
 j6 
 
 47 
 
 16 
 
 46 
 
 36 
 
 46 
 
 00 
 
 45" 
 
 16 
 
 44 
 
 3^ 
 
 43 
 
 
 43 
 
 08 
 
 42 
 
 24 
 
 m. 
 
 f. 
 
 41 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 00 
 
 40 
 
 08 
 
 39 
 
 20 
 
 38 
 
 32- 
 
 37 
 
 44 
 
 37 
 
 00 
 
 36 
 
 08 
 
 35* 
 
 26 
 
 34 
 
 24 
 
 33 
 
 
 3* 
 
 40 
 
 3" 
 
 48 
 
 31 
 
 00 
 
 3^ 
 
 00 
 
 29 
 
 04 
 
 28 
 
 08 
 
 ^7 
 
 12 
 
 26 
 
 16 
 
 25- 
 
 20 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 ^3 
 
 28 
 
 22 
 
 3^ 
 
 
 ™. 4 
 
 69 
 
 2, 1 
 
 3^ 
 
 7 c 
 
 ZO 
 
 32 
 
 7 I 
 
 19 
 
 3* 
 
 7^ 
 
 i8 
 
 32 
 
 73 
 
 17 
 
 3i 
 
 74 
 
 16 
 
 3i 
 
 7)" 
 
 If 
 
 3^ 
 
 7^ 
 
 14 
 
 3a 
 
 77 
 
 13 
 
 3* 
 
 78 
 
 1 2 
 
 3a 
 
 79 
 
 1 1 
 
 2b 
 
 00 
 
 10 
 
 24 
 
 0 I 
 82 
 
 9 
 
 20 
 
 8 
 
 20 
 
 ^3 
 
 7 
 
 20 
 
 84 
 
 6 
 
 12 
 
 8y 
 
 
 12 
 
 86 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 87 
 
 3 
 
 t2 
 
 88 
 
 2 
 
 04 
 
 89 
 
 I 
 
 04 
 
 90 
 
 0 
 
 00 
 
 Def. i<5. Zones /jr^ /^iZJ^^- TraEis of the Surface of the 
 Earthy ly'iyjg Parallel to the Equator j and d'fiinguijh'd by 
 the Four lejfer Circles of the Globe. 
 
 They are term'd Zones from l^eovt], [Zonft vel Cingulum], becaufc 
 they encompafs the Globe of the Earth in Jfbme manner, as a Girdle 
 doth furround the Body of a Man, and are in number Five. 
 
 Two Tr'igid 
 ' Two Temprate 
 , One Torrid 
 
 The Polar Circles, and the Poles. 
 The Polar Circles, and the Tro- 
 picks. 
 
 The Two Tropicks and divided 
 by the Equator. 
 
 Of thefe the Ancients imagin'd only the two Temperate to be ha- 
 bitable, efteeming the fcorchii^ Heart of the Torrid and pinching 
 Cold of the two Frigid, to be .equally intolerable, according to that 
 pf the Poet. 
 
i'<> 'Geographical definitions. Part. I. 
 
 ^uarum qua media efl, wn efi habhabilis &fiu : 
 
 nix tegit ftlta duas : ■ Ovid. Metam. I. 
 
 Def, 17. Climates are thofe Tracis of the Surface o f the 
 Earth, bounded h imaginary Circles, running Parallel to 
 the Equator, and of fuch a Ereadth /^row South to North, 
 that the length oj the Artificial Day in one furliajfeth that 
 in the other^ by half an Hour. 
 
 They're term'd Climates from KKiim-, [pecUno vel Inclino] becaufc 
 in numbring of them, they decline from the Equator, and incline to 
 cither Pole. Not to mention what the Ancients taught of Cli- 
 mates, either as to their Number, or manner of reckoning them, it's 
 ^ufficient for our preftnt Purpofe, to confider that modern Geogra- 
 phers have ad vanc'd the Number of 'em to 60. From the Equator 
 to each of the Polar Circles, are 24, ariling from the Difference of 
 Y Hour in the longeft Day ; and from the Polai- Circles to the Poles 
 themfelves are Six, arifmg from the Difference of an intire Month ; 
 the Sun being feenin thefirftof theft, a whole Month without let- 
 ting J in the lecond two ; and in the third, three Months, <^c. How 
 all thefe Climates arc fram'd, X'iz,, the true Parallel of Latitude in 
 which they end, (that being likewife the Beginning of the follow- 
 ing) with the relpeftive Breadth of each of 'em, you may clearly 
 ice by the following Tables : 
 
 Climates 
 
 
 Chmates between the Equator 
 
 and Polar Circles. 
 
 
 1. 
 
 m. 
 
 d. 
 
 m. 
 
 Clim. 
 
 !. m. 
 
 d, 
 
 m. 
 
 Par. 
 
 of Lat. 
 
 Breadth. 
 
 -"ar. ot Lat. 
 
 Breadth. 
 
 I 
 
 8 
 
 if 
 
 
 25- 
 
 13 
 
 )"9 
 
 f8 
 
 1 
 
 29 
 
 2 
 
 16 
 
 if 
 
 8 
 
 00 
 
 14 
 
 61 
 
 18 
 
 I 
 
 20 
 
 3 
 
 
 f° 
 
 7 
 
 if 
 
 If 
 
 52 
 
 if 
 
 I 
 
 07 
 
 4 
 
 30 
 
 20 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 16 
 
 <J3 
 
 22 
 
 0 
 
 f7 
 
 S 
 
 36 
 
 28 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 17 
 
 64 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 44 
 
 6 
 
 41 
 
 22 
 
 4 
 
 5-4 
 
 lb 
 
 64 
 
 49 
 
 0 
 
 43 
 
 7 
 
 45" 
 
 29 
 
 4 
 
 07 
 
 19 
 
 6r 
 
 21 
 
 0 
 
 3i 
 
 8 
 
 49 
 
 01 
 
 3 
 
 32 
 
 20 
 
 65- 
 
 47 
 
 0 
 
 26 
 
 9 
 
 5-1 
 
 5-8 
 
 2 
 
 S7 
 
 21 
 
 66 
 
 6 
 
 0 
 
 19 
 
 10 
 
 f4 
 
 27 
 
 2 
 
 29 
 
 2i 
 
 66 
 
 20 
 
 0 
 
 14 
 
 1 1 
 
 t6 
 
 37 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 2: 
 
 66 
 
 28 
 
 0 
 
 08 
 
 12 
 
 ^8 
 
 ^9 
 
 I 
 
 5-2 
 
 2^ 
 
 66 
 
 31 
 
 0 
 
 30 
 
 Climates 
 
Part. I. Geographical T>ejinitms\ 
 
 I Climares between the Polar Circles and the Poles. 
 
 a. lii.i 
 Par. Lat. 
 
 ^7 3^ 
 
 Breadth. 
 
 oi oo 
 
 I Month. 
 
 a. Ill- 
 Far. Lat. 
 69 
 
 02, oc 
 1 Month 
 
 d. m. 
 
 Par. Lat. 
 
 7? 
 
 m.ld. 
 
 jreai-lth. 
 Month. 
 
 Par. Lat.ipar. Lat, Par. Lat. 
 
 Breadth. 
 
 oc 
 
 4. Month 
 
 54. 
 
 Breadth. ^Breadth. 
 
 oo'po 
 11 
 
 40 06 
 
 j-Moiith 
 
 6 Month 
 
 Having thus taken a View of the chief Circles belonging to the 
 Terreftial Globe, as alfo the manner how Latitude and Longitude 
 •with Zones and Climates are fram'd: Proceed we next to the various 
 Pofitions of the Globe, commonly term'd Spheres, which are three 
 m Number, 'viz. Parallel, Right and Oblique. 
 
 Def. 18. A Parallel Sphere, is that Pofttion of the Glohey 
 which hath thefe three Properties ; viz. (1.) Ihe Poles in 
 the Zenith and Nadir. (2.) The Equator in the Horiz,on : 
 (3.) The parallel Circles parallel to the Horiz^on. 
 
 The Inhabitants of this Sphere are thofe (if any) who live under 
 the two Poles. 
 
 Def. ip. A Right Sphere is that Pofttion of theGlohe, 
 which hath thefe three Properties ; viz. (i.) Both the Poles 
 in the Horiz^on. (2.) The Equator paffng through the 
 Zenith and Nadir. (3.) The parallel Circles perpendi- 
 cular to the Horiz,on. 
 
 The Inhabitants of this Sphere, are they who hve under tha 
 Equinoftial Line. 
 
 Def. 20. An Oblique Sphere is that Pojition of theGlobe 
 which hath thefe three Properties; viz. (i.) One of the 
 Poles above, and the.other under the Horiz,on. (2.) The 
 Equator partly above, and partly under the Horizon. (3.) 
 The parallel Circles cutting the Horizon obliquely. 
 
 The Inhabitants of this Sphere, are they who live on all Parts of 
 the Globe of the Earth ; except thofe exaftly under the Poles, and 
 Equino£tial Line. 
 
 But having no regard to thefe Vojitionso^ the Globe j the various 
 Inhabitans of the Earth are likewife confida'd with refpeft to the fe- 
 
 veral 
 
%^ Q^Qgraphicfin^ejinitions, Part I. 
 
 veral Mer'd'mns and Varalleh^ peculiar to their Habitations ; and that 
 under thefc three Titles, njiz.. Ant&ci, TerUci, and Antipodes. 
 
 Def. 21. 7/;eAnt£Eci, are thofe Pefle of the Earth n-ho 
 live under the fame Meridian.^ but eppofite Parallels. 
 
 Peculiar to fuch People are thele following Particulars : 'viz.. ( i .) 
 They have bpth the fame Elevation of the Pole, but not the fame 
 Pole, (I.) They .are equally diftant from the Equator, but on dif- 
 ferent fides, (i.) They have both Noon and Midnight at the fame 
 time. (4.) The Days of one are equal to the Nights of the other, 
 ^ vice 'verftt. (5-.) Their Seafons of the Year are contrary 3 it be- 
 ing Winter to one, when Summer to the other, ^r. 
 
 Def. 22. The Periatci, are thofe People vfthe Earth uoho 
 live under the fame Parallels, ii/t oppofite Meridians. 
 
 Peculiar to fuch People are thefe following Particulars, viz.. (i.) 
 One of the Poles is equally elevated to bothi and the other equally 
 deprefs'd. (2.) They are equally diftant from the Eqiuator, and both 
 on the fame fide. (3.) When it is Noon to one, it is Midnight to 
 the other, ^ e contra. (4,) The length of the Day to one, is the 
 Compliment of the others Night, ^ vice verfa. (5-.) They both 
 agree in the four Seafons of the Year, . 
 
 Def. 23. The Antipodes are thofe People of the Earth 
 who live under oppojite Parallels and Meridians, 
 
 Peculiar to fuch People are thele following Particulars i viz. (i.) 
 They have both the fame Elevation of the Pole. (2 They are both 
 equally diftant fi-om the Equator ; but on different Sides, and in op- 
 pofite Hcmifpheres. (3.) When it's Noon to one, it is Midnight 
 to the other, vice vcrfa. (4.) The longefl Day or Night to the 
 one, is the fliortefl to the other. (^.) Their Seaibns of the Year are 
 contrary, ^c, 
 
 _ The Inhabitants of the Earth, were likewife confidercd by the An- 
 cients withrefped to the Diverfity of th.6T Shadows, arid accordingly 
 reduc'd to three Ciafles v\z. Amphifcii, Peri/cii, and Heterofcii. 
 
 Def. 24. Amphifcii, n-.ere thofe People of the Earth wl^o 
 liv'd in the Zone, or hetvjeen the two Tropicks. 
 
 They are fo term'd from. diAipi [ Uirinque ] and cMdL [ Umbra. ] 
 becaufe they cafl their Shadows on both lides of 'em, v':z. North 
 and South, according to the Nature of the Sun's Declination. 
 
 Def, 2(5; Perifcii, vjere thofe People of the Earth who 
 liv'd in the Frigid Zones, or between the Polar Circles and 
 the Poles. 
 
 They're 
 
Part I. Geographical Troblems. tj 
 
 They're fo call'd from vneji, [Circa,} and crx/i^ lUmi>ra'], be- 
 caufe they caft their Shadows round about them towards all Points 
 of the Compafs. 
 
 Def. 27. Heterofcli, were thofe People oj the Earth who 
 Ik/d in the nvo Temperate Zones ; or between the Tropicks 
 and the Polar Cirdes. 
 
 They're 10 call'd from It??©-* L^'ter} and aKic^ \Uml>ra\ be- 
 caufe they caft their Shadows only oneway; -uia. North, if in the 
 temperate; or South, if in the 5cWnemperate Zone. 
 
 The Ea>rth, in rcfpedl of its Inhabitants, was likewife confidered 
 by the Ancients as divided into the Kight-Hand and the Uft; and that ; 
 by feveral forts of Per Ions; via. (i.) foets, who accounted North ., 
 the Right-Hand, and South the Left. (2.) Aflrommers, who ac- 
 counted Wefi Right-Hand, and Eafi the Left. ( 3 ) Geographers, 
 who accounted the Right-Hand ; and fVefi the Left. 
 
 But leaving the various Inhabitants of the Earth, and to come 
 clofer to our main Defign ; let us return to the Gloi>e of the Earth it 
 felf, confider'd limply as a Spherical Body, whofe Surface we are 
 to view as compofed of Land and JVater, as its fole conftituent Parts, 
 and thofc two Parts thus fubdividedas foUowethj to wit. 
 
 Land into Water into 
 
 Cont'mens, Ifthmuss, Oceans, Straits, 
 
 Iflands, Tromontories, Seas, Lakes, 
 
 Feninfula's, Mountains'. Gulfs, Rivers. 
 
 Def. 27. A Continent [Lat. Conrinens ^ contlneo ] 
 is a large and fpacieus Space of dry Land, comprehending 
 divers Countries, Kingdoms and States all join'd together 
 •without any entire Separation oj its Parts by Water. 
 
 Def. 28. An Ifland \Lat. Infula, quafi in falo] is a part 
 oj dry Land envrrond round with IVater. 
 
 Def 29. A Peninfula [quafi pene Infula, other luiJeCher- 
 ione(us jrom x^f""©*! T erra, and v^cr©- infula] is apart 
 of the dry Land every where enclofed with Water, fave one 
 narrow Neck adjoining the fame to the Continent. 
 
 Def. ^o. An Ifthmus [ad h(rei/M vel ^<nn[u ingredior] is 
 thai narrovo Neck oj Land annexi g the Peninfula to the 
 Continent J by which People may enter into one from the other, 
 
 Def. 31. 
 
Geographical "Definitions, Part, L 
 
 Def 31. ^Promontory [quafi Mons in mare pro- 
 minensj is a high Part of Land fir etching itfelj out in the 
 Sea ; the Extremity -whereof is comma Jy termed, a Cape 
 or Head- Land. 
 
 Def. ^2. A Mountain [a moneo vel emineo] is a rijing 
 part oj the dry Landy over-topping the adjacent Country, 
 and appearing the firfi at a Difiance. 
 
 t)ef. ^^.The Ocean [Gr. okaav^ quafi ex«^4«»j, cit6, 
 & va!*> Huo] is a mighty RendezAJous, or large Collection oj 
 Waters environing a con fider able part of the main Continent. 
 
 Def. 34. T^he Sea \Lat. Salum a fale quia falfum] is a 
 fmaller CelleBion oj Waters^ intermingled with Ijlands, 
 and entirely {or moflly) environed with Land. 
 
 Def. 3 5. AG\jM[Lat. Sinus, quafi finu fuo mare com- 
 pledensj is a part of the Sea every where environed with 
 Land, except one Pajfage J whereby it communicates with 
 the neighbouring Sea, or main Ocean. 
 
 Def 16. A Strait [l.at. Fretum, a ferveo, quod ibi 
 ferveat mare propter anguftiam] is a narrow Paffage, either 
 joining aGulf to the neighbouring Sea or Ocean, or one part 
 of the Sea or Ocean to another. 
 
 Def 37. ^ Lake [Lat. Lacus, zGr. fJmos Foffa vel 
 Fovea^ is a fmall ColleSiion of deep fiandmg Water, in- 
 tirely furrounded with Land, and having no visible or im- 
 mediate Communication with the Sea. 
 
 Def 38. ^ River [l.at. Flumen vel Fluvius, ^ fluo] w 
 a confiderable Stream of frejp Water ijfuing out of one or 
 'various Fountains, and continually gliding along in one, 
 or more Channels, till it difgorgeth itfelf at laji into the ga- 
 ping Mouth of the thirfiy Ocean. 
 
 Thefe being all the neceflary Tem^ commonly us'd m Modern Geo- 
 graphy ; and particularly thofe, that either need or can well admit of 
 a Definition) Defcription, or Derivation : Wc proceed in the next 
 Place. 
 
 SEC T. 
 
Part. I. Geographical Problems, i % 
 
 SECT. II. 
 
 Containing fome pleafant Geographical 
 Problems. 
 
 Prob. I. 'T^HE Diameter oj the Artificial Globe being 
 given^ to find its Surface in Square^ am 
 its Solidity in Ciibick Meafure. 
 
 Multiply the Diameter by the Circumference (or a great Circle di- 
 viding the Globe into two equal Parts) and the Produ£t will give the 
 firft ; Then multiply the iaid Produdt by ^ of the Diameter, and the 
 Frodud: of that will give the lecond . After the fame manner we may 
 find the Surface and Solidity of the Natural Globe, as alfo the whole 
 Body of the Atmolphere furrounding the fkme, provided it be al- 
 ways and every where of the fame Height ; for having found the 
 perpendicular Height thereof by that common Experiment of the 
 Afcent Mercury at the Foot and Top of a Mountain; double the 
 faid Height, and add the fame to the Diameter of the Earth ; thea 
 multiply the whole (as a new Diameter) by its proper Circumference, 
 and from the Produft fubflraft the Solidity of the Atmofphere. 
 
 Prob. 2. To reBify the Globe. 
 
 The Globe being fet upon a true Plane, raife the Pole according 
 to the given Latitude, tlien fix the Quadrant of Altitude in the Ze- 
 nith, and (if any Mariner's Compafs upon the Pedeflal-j let the Globe 
 be fo fituated, as that the brazen Meridian may fland due South and 
 North, according to the two Extremities of the Needle. 
 
 Prob. 3 . To find the Longitude md Latitude oj any Place, 
 
 By Longitude we do not here underftand that Opprobrium NavigUr 
 torum of Ecifting and Wefiing, but limply the diftance between the gi- 
 ven place and the firfl Meridian infcrib'd on the Surface of the Globe. 
 For the finding of which, bring the given Place to the ^ctft Side of 
 the brazen Meridian, and obferve what Degree of the Equator isjuft 
 under the laid Meridian, for that is the Degree of Longitude peculiar 
 to the given Place and the Degree of the Meridian exactly above that 
 place is its proper Latitude, which is either Southern or Northerrit 
 according as the Place is South or North of the Equinodial Line. 
 
 Prob. 4. The Longitude and Latitude of any place be* 
 ing givenj to find that Place on the Globe. 
 
 Bring 
 
i(? ideographic al^efinttiom. Vhiktl, 
 
 Bring the given Degree of Longitude to the brazen Meridian, r-eck- 
 on upon the fame Meridian the Degree of given Latitude, whether 
 South or Northy and make a Mark with Chalk where the reckoming 
 Ends, the Point exaftly under that Chalk is the Place deiir'd. 
 
 Prob. 5 . The Latitude of any Place being given^ to find 
 all thofe Places that have the fame Latitude. 
 
 The Globe being reftify'd (a) according to the 
 (a) Frob. i. Latitude of the given Place, and that Place being 
 brought to the brazen Meridian, make a Mark exaiftly 
 above the lame, and turning the Globe round, all thofe Places paflTing 
 under the faid Mark, have the fame Latitude with the given Place. 
 
 Prob. 6, To find the Sun's place in theEcliptick at any time. 
 
 The Month and Day being given, look for the fame upon the 
 wooden Horizon, and overagainft the Day you will find the particular 
 Sign and Degree in which ^tSun is at that Time (obferving withal 
 the difference between the Julim and Gregorian Kalendar) wlhich 
 Sign and Degree being noted in the Ecliptick, the fame is the 5r«»'s 
 Place (or pretty near it) at the Time defir'd. 
 
 Prob. 7. 1'he Month and Day being ginjen, as alfo the par- 
 ticular time of that Day, to find thofe places of the Globey to 
 •which the Sun is in the Meridian at that particular tim e. 
 
 The Pole being elevated according to the Latitude of the given 
 Place ; bring the faid Place to the brazen Meridian, and fetting the 
 Index of the Horary Circle at the Hour of the Day, in the given 
 Place, turn the Globe till the Index point at the upper Figure of XIL 
 which done, fix the Globe in that Situation, and obferve what Places 
 are exactly under the upper Hemifphere of the brazef Meridian, for 
 thoieare the Places defir'd. 
 
 Prob. 8. To know the Length of the Day and Night in 
 any Place of the Earth at any time. 
 
 Elevate the Pole (a) according to the Latitude of 
 (a) Trob. 2. the given Place ; find the Sun's Place in the Ecliptick {b) 
 (}o)Trob. 6. at that Time, which being brought to the Eaji Side of 
 the Horizon, fet the Index of the Horary Circle at 
 Noon (or the upper Figure of 12.) and turning the Globe about till the 
 aforefaid Place of theEliptick touch the Weftern Side of the Horizon, 
 look upon theHorary Circle,and wherelbever thelndex pointeth,reckon 
 
 the 
 
jpART I. Geographkat Problem 
 
 the Number of Hours between the fame and the upper Figure of 12^ 
 for that is the length of the Day at the Time delir'd, the Comple- 
 ment whereof is the length of the Night. 
 
 Prob. p. To find by the Glvbe the Kntxcij Periasci and 
 Antipodes, of any given place. 
 
 Bring the given place to the brazenMeridian,and find- 
 ing (a) its true L.atitude, count upon the Equfitor the (a) Trob. 3. 
 iame Number of Degrees towards the oppofite Pole, 
 and obfcrve where the reckoning ends, for that is the place of the-4>2- 
 tAci. The given place continuing under the brazen Meridian* ftt 
 the Index of the Horary Circle at Noon, and turning the Globe about 
 till the fame point at Mid-night (or the lower 12.) the place which 
 then comes to the Meridian, (having the lame Latitude with the for- 
 mer) is that of thePeruci. As for tht Antipodes oi the given PlacCj 
 reckon from the faid place upon the brazen Meridian 180 Degrees, 
 either South or North, or as many Degrees beyond the fartheft Pole as 
 you are to the nearefl: j and obierve exadly where the reckoning ends, 
 for that is the place delir'd . 
 
 Prob. I©. To know what a-Clock it is by the Globe in 
 any place in the Worlds and at any timcy providing you 
 know the Hour 0/ the Day where you are at the fame time. 
 
 Bring the place in which you are to the brazen Me-- 
 ridian (the Pole being railed (b) according to the Lati- Q3)Trob. 
 titude thereof) and fet the Index of the Horary Circle 
 at the Hour of the Day at that Time. Then bring the delir*d place 
 to the brazen Meridian, and the Index will point out thepreftnt Hour 
 at that place wherever it is. 
 
 Prob. n. To kmw by the Globe when the Great Mogul 
 of Ifidia, and Czar o/Mofcovia fit down to Dinner. 
 
 This being only to know when its Noon at Agra and Mofcow, {tht 
 Imperial Seats of thole mighty Monarchs) which we may very ealily 
 dd, at what Time foever it be, or wherelbever we are; For finding 
 (by the foregoing Problem) the prefent Hour of the Day in the Cities 
 above-mention'd, fuppofing withal that Mid-day in the aforelaid 
 Cities is Dining-time, we may readily determine how near it is to 
 the Time delir'd. 
 
 Prob. 12. To find the Hour of the Day by the Globe at 
 any time when the Sun Jhines. 
 
 Divide your Ecliptick Line into 24 equal Parts, and in fmall Fi- 
 gures let down the Hours of the Natural Day after the following 
 manner. At the Interfedtions of the Ecliptick and Equator place the 
 Figure 6 j and bring both thele Figures to the brazen Metidian, one 
 
 D being 
 
18 
 
 Geographical Troblems, Part I. 
 
 being in the upper, and the other in the lower Hemifphere. Which 
 done, place the twelve Figures in the Wefiern Hemilphere in this or- 
 der following, 6,7,8,9, 10,11,12. 1,2,3, 4' 5"' <5. beginning then 
 at the fame Figure of 6, and proceeding Eafiward, fet down the other 
 twelve Figures thus, 6, f, 4, 3, 2, 1. 12,11,10,9,8,7,6. The E- 
 quinoaial being thus divided and mark'd, elevate the 
 { a) Tro^. 3 . Globe (a) acc6rding to the Latitude of the Place where 
 you are, and bring the Interfeftion of the Vernal Equi- 
 (b) Proi>. 2 . nox to the upper Fart of the brazen Meridian ; and fitu- 
 ating the Globe ( b) duly SoutP) and North, obferve 
 exaftly that half of the Globe upon which the Sun doth aftually 
 fhine ; for the laft Part of the enlightned Hemilphere doth always 
 (hew the Hour of the Day upon the Equinoftial Line. 
 
 Prob. 13. The Latitude of the place, and Height of the 
 Sun being given at any time, to find thereby the Hour of 
 the Day. 
 
 The Globe being reftify'd (a ) according to the Lati- 
 
 (a) ?rob. 1. tude of the given Place, and the Height of the Sun at 
 
 that time being found by an exaft Quadrant ; mark his 
 
 (b) Frob. 6. Place in the Ecliptick ( b) for the given Day ; and bring 
 
 the fame to the brazen Meridian. After this, fix the 
 Quadrant of Altitude in the Zenith, and mark in the laid Quadrant 
 the particular Degree of the Sun's Altitude, and placing the Index of 
 the Horary Circle at Noon, move the Globe together with the Qua- 
 drant of Altitude, 'till the Sun's Place mark'd in the Ecliptick, and his 
 Degree of Altitude mark'd upon the faid Quadrant do come both in 
 one. Which done, obferve what Hour the Index doth point at, for 
 that is the Hour defir'd. 
 
 Prob. 14. 'The Latitude of the Place being given as alfo 
 the true bearing of the Sun in the Jaid Place at any time, to 
 find thereby the Hour vfthe Day. 
 
 The Globe being C<?!) rcftify'd, and the i'^w's Place 
 (a) frob. 1. ( b) mark'd in the Ecliptick, fix the Quadrant of Alti- 
 (h) Prob. 6. tude in the Zenith, and by the Mariner's Com^pafs ob- 
 ferve the true bearing of the Sun ; then bring the 
 Quadrant of Altitude to the obferv'd Point of the Ccmpafs upon the 
 wooden Horizon, and move the Globe till the Sun's Place in the Ecli- 
 ptick co-incide with the faid Quadrant. Which done, and the Globe 
 continuing in that Pofition, the Index of the Horary Circle will point 
 at the Hour of the Day at the Time defir'd. 
 
 Prob. i$.The Latitude of the Place, and Sun's Place in 
 the Ecliptick being givenyto find thereby the Hour of the Day. 
 
 Ele- 
 
Part I. Geographical Ttoblems] 
 
 Elevate the Pole according to the given Latitude, and 
 fituate the Globe duly South and North {a) by the Ma- (aj Vfob, 
 riners Compafs ; then fix a fmall Needle perpendicular- 
 ly in the Sun's Place in the Ecliptick, and, bringing the fame to the bra- 
 zen Meridian, fet the Index of the Horary Circle at Noon ; which 
 done, turn the Globe till the Needle caft no Shadow at it, and then ob« 
 ferve the Index, for it will then point at the true Hour of the Day. 
 
 Prob. 1 6. Any Place being ^iven to move the Ghbe fo 
 as that the icocJen Horit.cn jhall be the Horizon of the fame. 
 Bring the given Place to the brazen Meridian, and reckon from i£ 
 upon the iaid Meridian the number of 90 Degrees towards either of' 
 the Poles, and where the reckoning ends, place that part of the Me-» 
 rid ian in the Notch of the wooden Horizon, and it will prove ths 
 Horizon of the given Place. 
 
 Prob. 17. To find the Meridian Line by the Globe in 
 my place y and at any time of the Day. 
 
 The Latitude of the Place being known, and the Globe 
 {a) elevated accordingly ; obferve the height of the Sun (aj Trob. 2» 
 above the Horizon at that time, and draw upon a true 
 Plane a ftreight Line in, or Parallel to, the Shadow of a Stile perpen- 
 dicularly erefted upon that Plane : In which defcribe a Circle at an 
 opening of the CompalTes, and find {b) the Sun's Place 
 in the Ecliptick, and mark his obferved height in the (b) Trob. 2 * 
 Quadrant of Altitude. Then move the Globe toge- 
 ther with the faid Qiiadrant, till that Mark in the Quadrant, and thd 
 Sun'si place in the Ecliptick, come both in one j which done, count 
 upon the wooden Horizon the number of Degrees between the Qua- 
 drant of Altitude, and the brazen Meridian, and fet off the faidl 
 Number of Degrees upon the aforefaid Circle drawn upon the Plain, 
 by making a vifible Point in the Circumference where the reckon- 
 ing ends, ( beginning ftill at the fide towards the Sun, and proceeding 
 Eaji or tVefl according to the time of the Day. ) Then draw a Line 
 from that Point in the Circumference through the Centre of the faid 
 Circle, and the fame will prove the true Meridian Line of that Place, 
 at what time fbever the Obfervation is made. 
 
 Prob. iS. A Place lei n^ given in tha Torrid Zone, to find 
 thofe Days in which the Sun fjall be vertical to the fame. 
 
 Bring the given Place to the brazen Meridian, and mark what De- 
 gree ofLatitude is cxa£lly above it. Move the Globe round, and obferve 
 the two Points of the Ecliptick that pafs through the faid Degree or 
 Latitude. Search upon the wooden Horizon ( or by proper Tables of 
 
 D 1 th« 
 
Geographical Troblems, Part I. 
 
 the Sm'5 Annual Motion ) on what Days he pafieth through the a- 
 forefaid Points of the Ecliptick, for thofe are the Days required in 
 which the Sm is vertical to the given Place. 
 
 Prob. 19. The Month and Day being given to find by the 
 Globe thofe places of the North Frigid Zme^ where the Sun 
 beginneth then to [bine conjiantly without fetttrig; as alfo thofe 
 places of the South Frigid Zone^ in which he then beginneth 
 to be totally abfent. 
 
 The Day given, (which muft always be one of thofe, either be- 
 tween the Vernal Equinox and Summer Solftice, or between the Au- 
 tumnal Equinox and Winter Solftice ) find {a ) the Stm's- 
 (a) Trob. 6. place in the Ecliptick, and marking the (kmc bring it to 
 the brazen Meridian, and reckon the like Number of 
 Degrees from the North Pole towards the Equator, as there is be- 
 twixt the Equator and the Sun's Place in the Ecliptick, and fet a mark 
 with Chalk where the reckoning ends. Which done, tui n the Globe 
 round, and all the Places paffing under the faid Chalk are thofe in 
 which the Sun begins to ftine conftantly without Jetting upon the 
 given Day. For Solution of the latter part of the Problem } fet 
 off the fame Diftance from the South Pole upon the brazen Meri- 
 dian towards the Equator, as was formerly fet off from the North, 
 and making a mark with Chalk, and turning the Globe round, all 
 Places pafung under the faid Mark are thofe delir'd, uiz. them in 
 which the Sun beginneth his Total Abfence, or Difappearance from- 
 the given Day. 
 
 Prob. 20. A place being given in the North Frigid Zone, 
 to find by the Globe what Number of Days the Sun doth con- 
 ftantly JJme upon the faid Place, and what Days he is abfent, 
 as alfo the fir ft and la ft Day of his appearance. 
 
 Bring the given Place to the brazen Meridian, and 
 (a) Trob. 2, obferving its Latitude, ( a) elevate the Globe according- 
 ly, then turn the Globe about till the firft Degree of C^.n- 
 cer come under the Meridian, and count the fame number of Degrees 
 upon the Meridian from each fide of the Equator, as the place is diftant 
 from the Pole j and making a mark where the reckoning ends, turn the 
 Globe round, and carefully obfcrve what two Degrees of the Eclip- 
 tick pafs exaftly under the two Points mark'd in the Meridian, for the 
 Northern Arch of the Circle (^viz. that comprehended between the two 
 mark'd Degrees being reduc'd to time, will give the Number of Days 
 that the Sun doth conftantly fhine above the Horizon of the given 
 Place, and the oppolite Arch of the faid Circle will give the number of 
 
Part I. Geographical Trohlem] 2 r 
 
 Days in which he is abfent. The Pole continuing in the fime Eleva- 
 tion, bring the beginning of Cmcer to the brazen Meridian, and 
 obferve the two Degrees of the Ecliptick, which in the mean time 
 co-incide with the Horizon ; then fearch upon the wooden Horizon, 
 for thofe Days that the Sun doth enter into the aforelaid Degrees of 
 the Eciiptick, for thofe are the Days of his firft and laft Appearance 
 in the given Place. 
 
 Prob. 2 1 . The Month and Day being given, to find that 
 place m the Globe to which the Sun (-when in its Meridian) 
 pall be 'vertical on that Day. 
 
 The Sun's Place in the Ecliptick being [a ) found 
 bring the fame to the brazen Meridian, in which make (a) Trob. 6. 
 9 fmall mark with Chalk, exaftly above the Sun's Place. 
 Which done, find {h) thofe Places that have the Sun (h')Prob.j. 
 in the Meridian at the time given j and bringing them 
 to the brazen Meridian , oblerve that part of the Globe exaftly 
 under the aforefaid mark in the Maidian, for that is the Place 
 defir'd, 
 
 Prob. 22. The Month and Day being given to find upon 
 what Point of the Compafs the Sun rifeth and fetfeth in any 
 place at the Time given. 
 
 Elevate the Pole according to the Latitude of the deflred Place, 
 and finding the Sun's Place in the Ecliptick at the given Time, 
 bring the fame to the Eafiern fide of the Horizon, and you may 
 clearly fee the Point of the Compafs upon which he then rifeth. 
 By turning the Globe about till his place co-incide with the Wefiern 
 fide of the Horizon, you may alio fee upon the faid Circle the exadt 
 Point of his fetting. 
 
 Prob. 2^ To know by the Globe the Length of the longed 
 andfiorteji Days and Nights in any place of the IVorld. 
 
 Elevate the Pole according to the Latitude of the given Place, 
 and bring the firfl Degree of Cmcer (if in the Northern, or C/ipri- 
 corn, if in the Southern HemiJphere ) to the Eaft fide of the Horizon j 
 and fetting the Index of the Horary Circle at Noon, turn the Globe 
 about till rhe Sign Cancer touch the fTe/Zmj-fide of the Horizon, 
 and then obferve upon the Horary Circle the Number of Hours be- 
 tween the Index and the upper Figure of XII. (reckoning them 
 according to the Motion of the Index ) fbr that is the length of the 
 longeftDay, the Compliment whereof is the Extent of the Ihortefi: 
 
 D 3 Night. 
 
2Z Geographical Trobler/is, Part L 
 
 Night. As for the ftiortefl: Day and longeft Night, they are only 
 the reverfe of the former. 
 
 Prob. 24. To know the Climates of any given Place. 
 
 Find the length of the longeft Day in the given 
 (a) Vrob, 1 3 . Place, and whatever be the number of Hours w^hereby 
 it furpaflcth twelve, double that Number, and the 
 Produft will give the true Climate of the Place defir'd. But here note. 
 That this istobeunderftood of Places within the Latitude of 66|-. 
 As for thofe of a greater Latitude, (v/here the Climates increafe by 
 intire Months ) enter the iecond Table of Climates ( pag. 11.) with 
 the Latitude of the given Place, and oppoiite thereto you'll find the 
 proper Climate of a place in the laid Latitude. 
 
 Prob. 1%. The Length of the longefl Day in any Place 
 being known, to find thereby the Latitude of that place. 
 
 Having the length of the longeft Day, you may 
 (a) Troh. 24. know thereby {a) the proper Climate of that Place, 
 and by the Table of Climates (p.g. 10.) you may fee 
 what Degree of Latitude correfponds to that Climate, which De- 
 gree is the Latitude of the Place defir'd. 
 
 Prob. 2(5. The Latitude of the Place being given, alfo 
 theSun's Place in the Ecliptick, to find thereby the beginning 
 of the Morning, and end of the Evening Twilight. 
 
 The Globe being redtify'd, and the Sun's Place brought to the bra- 
 sen Meridian, fet the Index of the Horary Circle at Noon ; then 
 bring that Degree of the Ecliptick, (which is oppoiite to the Sun'^ 
 Place ) to the Weftern Quarter, and fo move the Globe together with 
 the Quadrant of Altitude, till the Degree oppofite to the Sun's Place, 
 and the i8th Degree of the faid Quadrant come both in one j which 
 done, obferve what Hour the Index then pointeth at, for at that 
 Hour doth in the Morning Twilight begin. As for the Evening 
 Twilight bring the Degree of the Ecliptick oppofite to the Sun's Place 
 at that time to the Eaftcrn Quarter, and fo move the Globe till the 
 fame, and the i8th Degree of the Quadrant come both to one, and 
 the Index will point at the Hour when the Evening Twilight doth 
 end. 
 
 Prob. 
 
PartI. Geographical Troblems, 25 
 
 Prob. 27. The length of the longefl Day being giveriy to 
 find thereby thofe places of the Earth, in which the longefl 
 Day is of that Extent. 
 
 By the given length of the longefl: Day (n) find the 
 true Degree of Latitude, where the Day is of that (a) Frob.xf. 
 Extent, and making a mark upon that Degree in the 
 brazen Meridian, turn the Globe round, and obierve what Places pals 
 exadly under the faid Mark, for they are the Places defir'd. 
 
 Prob. 28. A certain number of Days^ not furpnffing 182. 
 being giojen, to find thereby that Parallel of Latitude on the 
 Globi, -where the Sun fetteth not during thofe Days. 
 
 Take half of the given Number of Days, and whatever it is, count 
 fb many Degrees upon the Ediptick, beginning at the firft of Cancer, 
 and make a mark where the Reckoning ends ; only obferve, that if 
 your number of Days furpafs thirty, then your number of Degrees 
 ought to be lefs than it by one. Bring then the maik'd Point of 
 the Ecliptick to the brazen Meridian, and obferve exadly how many 
 Degrees are intercepted between the aforefaid Point and the Pole, 
 for the fame is equal to the defir'd Parallel of Latitude. If the defi- 
 red PslP^Uel of Latitude be Souih of the Line, the Operation is the 
 fame, bringing only the firfl Degree of Capricorn to the Meridian in 
 lieu of Cancer. 
 
 Prob. 29. The Hour of the Day being given, according to 
 our way of reckoning in England, « find thereby the Baby- 
 lonick Hour at any time. 
 
 The Babylonick Hour is the number of Hours from Sun rifing, it 
 being the manner of the Babylomms of old, and the Inhabitants of 
 Norimberg at this Day, to commence their Hours from the appear- 
 ance of the Sun in the Bafiern Horizon. For the finding of this Hour 
 at any time, and in any place, firfl: elevate the Pole (a) ac- / p / 
 cording to the Latitude of the given Place, and (6) no- iV. J / \' 
 ting the Sun\ Place in the Ecliptick at that time, bring ^ ^ 
 the fame to the. brazen Meridian, and fet the Index of the Horary 
 Circle at Noon ; after this, rowl the Globe either Eafiward or Wefiward 
 according to the time of the Day, 'till the Index point at the given 
 Hour. Then fix the Globe in tliat Pofition, and bring back the Index 
 again to Noon, and move the Globe from Wejl to, Eajl, till the Sun's 
 Place mark'd in the Ecliptick,co-incide with the EaprnHorizonyWhich 
 done, reckon upon the Horary Circle of the Number of Hours be- 
 tween the Index Noon (or the upper Figure of 12.) for that is the 
 
 D 4 number 
 
Geographical Problems'. Part I, 
 
 ber of Hours from Sm-x\^in'g for that Day in the given Place, or the 
 true Bubylonkk Hour defir'd. 
 
 Prob. 30. The Babylonick WoviX being gi^ven^ to find the 
 Hour of the Day at am time^ according to our way of reckon- 
 ing in England. 
 
 Elevate the Pole according to the given Latitude of the Place, and 
 marking the Sm's place in the Ecliptick, bring the lamc to the brazen 
 Meridian, and fet the Index of the Horary Circle at Noon. Then 
 rowl the Globe Weflward till the Index point at the given Hour from 
 Stm rifing, and fixing the Globe in that Situation, bring the Index 
 back again to Noon, and turn the Globe backward till the S«»'s placeij 
 mark'd in the Ecliptick, return to the fame Semicircle of the brazen 
 Meridian from whence it came ; which done, obfove what Hour the 
 Index of the Horary Circle pointeth at, for the fame is the Hpur 
 defir'd. 
 
 Prob. 3 1. The Hour of the Day being given according to 
 cur way of reckoning in England, to find thereby the Italick 
 Hour at any time. 
 
 The Italick Hour is the nurnber of Hours from 6'«w-ietting at all 
 times of the Year, to 5"K«-fetting the next following day. 
 (3) Troi.i. For the ready finding of fuch Hours, (a) elevate the 
 (b) Fro&. 6. Pole according to the Latitude of the Place, and {b) no- 
 ting theS'^^w's place in the Ecliptick upon the given Day, 
 bring the iame to the bra'zen Meridian, and fet the Index of the Ho- 
 rary Circle at Noon. Then turn the Globe either Eafi or Weft, ac- 
 cording to the time of the Day, till the Index point at the given 
 Hour, and fixing the Globe in that Situation, bring the Index back 
 to Noon. Which done turn the Globe about Eetftwmls till the mark 
 of the Sun't. place in the Ecliptick co-incide with the Weftern Horizon, 
 and obferve hpw many Hours there are between the upper Figure of 
 1 1 and the Index ( reckoning them Za^fiyvard as the Globe moved ) 
 for thef? are the Hours from Sun fet, or the Itdick Hour defir'd . 
 
 Prpb. 32. The Italick Hour being given^ to find thereby 
 the Hour of the Day at any time according to our way of 
 reckoning in 'Enghixdi. 
 
 Tpffji,^ 2 "^^'^ Reverie of the former Problem (a) ele- 
 
 vate the Pole according to the Latitude of the given 
 Place, and noting the Sun's place in the Ecliptick, bring the fame to 
 the Weftern Horizon, and fetting the Index of the Horary Circle at 
 rb) Trob 2 1 Noon, turn the Globe Weftward till the Index point at 
 * ' ' (b) the Italick Hour given ; then fixing the Globe in that 
 I'Qlition;, bring the Index back to Noon, and move the Globe back- 
 
 ' ward 
 
Part I. Geographical Troblems. ' 25 
 
 ward till the Mark of the Sun's Place return to the fame Semicircle 
 of the brazen Meridian from whence it came. Which done, ob- 
 lerve how many Hours are between Noon and the Index, (reckon- 
 ing them from Wefi to Eafl ) for thofe are the Hours defijed accor- 
 ding to our way of reckoning in England. 
 
 Prob.33. T/3£' Hour oj the Devi heing ex aElly given accor- 
 ding to our way oj reckoning in England, to find thereby the 
 Judaical Hour at any time. 
 
 By the Judciicttl Hour we underftand the exadt time of the Day ac- 
 cording to the Ancient ^ewj, who, in reckoning their Time, divided 
 their artificial Day into twelve Hours, and the Night into as many, 
 which Hours prov'd every Day unequal in extent ( unlefs in Places 
 exa£Hy under the Equator ) they frill decreafing or increafing accor- 
 ding to the Sealpns of the Year, or the various Decl nation of the Sun. 
 For the finding of which Hours, obfove the follow- 
 ing Method, {a) Elevate the Pole according to the La- fa)Pro^. j. 
 titude of the given Place, and {h) marking the Sun's (b)Pro^. 6. 
 place in the Ecliptick at that time, bring it to the Ed- 
 ftern Horizon, and iet the Index of the Horary Circle at Noon ; then 
 turn the Globe about till that place mai'k'd in the Ecliptick come to 
 the Weftern Horizon, and oblerve the number of Hours between 
 Noon and the Index, thele being the Hours of which the given Day- 
 doth cpnfift, which number you are to Note down, and 
 (c) to find what Hour from Sun-rifing correfponds with ^c) P rob. 
 the given Hour, or fi-om Sun-{etting, if the given Hour ip, 31. 
 be after Sun-fetting. Which done, work by the follow- 
 ing Proportion. As the number of Hours, whereof the given Dav 
 conMeth, {viz.. thofe noted down ) is to 125 fb is the number of 
 Hours from Sun-rifmg, ( if it be an Hour of the Day ) or from Sun- 
 fetting (if an Hour of the Night) to a fourth proportional, which 
 is the number defir'd, viz. thtyudaical Hour ox the time gwm. 
 
 Prob. 94. 7^^7e Judaical Hour being given^ to find there- 
 by the Hour of the Day at any time, according to our zvay of 
 reckoning in England, 
 
 Elevate the Pole according to the Latitude of the given place, 
 and finding the Suns place in the Ecliptick at the time given, bring 
 the fame to the Edftern Horizon, and fet the Index of the Horary 
 Circle at Noon, then rowl the Globe Wejlwftrd, till the Sun's Place 
 co-incide with the Wejiem Horizon, and the Index will point at 
 the number of equal Hours, whereof that Day confifteth. Which 
 pumber you are to note down, and bring the Sun's place to the bra- 
 zen Meridian and fetting the Index again at Noon,, turn the Globe 
 about till the Sm's place co-incide with the Ettfiern Horizon, and 
 
 the 
 
26 
 
 Geographical Problems. Par t I. 
 
 the Index will point at the 'Hour when the Sun rileth in tlie given 
 Place. Which done, work by the following proportion. As 1 2 is 
 to the given Number of Judatcal Hours, lb is the Length of the 
 Day in equal Hours ( formerly found out ) to a fourth proportional, 
 which is the Number de&'d, ojIz. the Hour of tlic Day according 
 to our way of reckoning in England. Only note, That if the fourth 
 proportional be lefs than 11, you are to add the fame to the Hour 
 of the Sun rifing, and the Produft will give the Number of Hours 
 before Noon for tliat Davj but if it be more than 12, then fub- 
 traft it from 1 2 and the Remainder will give the Hour of the Day 
 for the Afternoon. 
 
 Prob. 3 5 . To find the true Area of the five Zones in fqnare 
 Meafure, allowing 60 Miles to one Degree in the Equator. 
 
 The Breadth of the Torrid "Zone being 47 Degrees, v/hicli reduc'd 
 Miles, make 2820; each of the Temperate 4 3 Degrees, which make 
 25-8 o ; and each of the Frigid 2 3 Degrees i, which make 1 4 1 o Miles j 
 the true Area of each of thofe Zones may be found in fquare Mea- 
 fure by the following proportion, (i.) For the Torrid, The Area 
 of the whole Globe being foundj {per Trcb. i.) fay as Rad. to the 
 Sine of 47 i fb is the A the A''eei of the Globe to the Area of the 
 Torrid Zone. (2.) For each of the Temperate Zones ; /ay as Rad. 
 to the difference of the Sines of 23^ and 66^, fb is -i Arch of the 
 Globe to the Area^ of one of the Temperate Zones. Lafily, For the 
 Frigid Zones, add \ Area of the Torrid to the whole Area of one 
 of the Temperate, and fubflradl the Produft from i. Area of the 
 Globe, and the Remainder will give the true Area of either of the 
 Frigid Zones. 
 
 Prob. ■^6. A Place being given on the Globe to find thofe 
 •which have the fame Hour of the Day zvith that in the given. 
 Place: As alfo that have the contrary Hnirs^ i, e. Mid-night 
 in the one ivhen it's Mid-day ii: the other. 
 
 Bring the given Place to the brazen Meridian, and obicrve what 
 Places are then exactly under the Semi-circle of the laid Meridian, 
 for the People in them have the fame Hour with that they have in 
 the given Place. The Globe continuing in that Pofition, fet the 
 Index of the Horary Circle at Noon, and turn the Globe till tlie 
 Index point at Mid-night, and obferve v/liat places are then in that 
 Semi-circle of the Meridian, for the Inhabitants of thofe Places do 
 reckon their Hours contrary to thofe in the given Place. 
 
 Prob. 37. The Hour of the Day being given in any 
 place J to find tboje places of the Earth -where its ehher 
 
 Noon 
 
Part I. Geographical Trobkms. 27 
 
 Non or Midnight^ or any other particular Hour at the fame 
 'fime. 
 
 Bring the given Place to the brazen Meridian, and let the Index of 
 the Horary Circle at the Hour of the Day in that place. Then turn 
 about the Globe till the Index pomt at the upper Figure of XII, and 
 obferve what Places are exaftly under the upper Semi-Circle of the 
 brazen Meridian, for in them it's Mid-day at the time given. Which 
 done, turn the Globe about till the Index point at the lower Figure of 
 XII, and what Places are then in the lower Semi-Circle of the Me- 
 ridian, in them it's Midnight at the given Time. After the lame 
 manner we may find thole places that have any other particular 
 Hour at the Time given, by moving the Globe till the Index point 
 at the Hour delir'd, and obferving the Places that are then under 
 the brazen Meridian. 
 
 Prob. 38, 7he Day and Hour being given, to find by 
 the Globe that Particular Place of the Earth to "whicb the 
 Sun is veytical at that very time. 
 
 The Sun's Place in the Ecliptick (d) being found and (a) Vrob. 6. 
 brought to the brazen Meridian, make a mark above 
 the fame with Chalk 5 then (i>) find thofe Places of the (h)Pro6.^j. 
 Earth, in whofe Meridian the Sm is at that inftant, and 
 bring them to the brazen Meridian. Which done, obferve narrow- 
 ]y that individual part of the Earth which falls exactly under the afbre- 
 faid Mark in the brazen Meridian, for that is the particular Place, 
 to which the Sm is vertical at that very time. 
 
 Prop. _^ 9, 7he Day and Hour of the Day being given to 
 find thofe j laces on the Globe^ in xvhich the ^bnn then rifeth. 
 .idly, Thofe in vohich he then fetteth. 3clJv', Thofe to xvhorn 
 it's Mid-day. And Laftly, 77?^/^ Places that are aVuially 
 enlighted, and thofe that are not. 
 
 Find that Place of the {a) Globe, to which the Sm is {s^Trob. 38. 
 vertical at the given Time, and, bringing the fame to 
 the brazen Meridian, {b) elevate the Pole according to (b) Trcb.6. 
 the Latitude of the faid Place. The Globe being fixt 
 in that Pofition, obferve what Places are in the mfiern Semi-Circle or 
 the Horizon, for in them the Sun rifeth at that time : zdly, Thoic 
 in the Enfiern Semi-Circle, for in them the Sun ietteth. -i^dly, Thofe 
 that arc exaftly under the brazen Meridian, for in them it's Mid- 
 day. And L0fily, All thofe upon the upper Hemifphere of the Globe, 
 for they are adhially enlightned, and thofe upon the.lower are them 
 in darknefs, are deprived of the Sun at that very time. 
 
 Prob. 
 
28 
 
 Geographical Troblems. Part L 
 
 Prob. 40. 'The Month and Day being giren, as alfo the 
 Place of the Moon in the Zodiay.k^ and her true Lairtudej 
 to find thereby the exaEl Hour whenjhe JhalJ rife and fer, to- 
 gether with her Southing (_or coming to the Meridian) vj the 
 given Place. 
 
 The Moon's Place in the Zodiack may be found ready enough at 
 any time by an ordinary Ahnanackj and her Latitude ( which is lier 
 diftance from the Ecliptick ) by applying the Semi-circle or Polition 
 
 to her Place in the Zodiack. For the fblution of the 
 (2.)Frob.z. Problem, j elevate the Pole according to the La- 
 (b) Vrob. 6. titude of the given Place, and the Sunh place in the E- 
 
 cliptick, at that time being (^) found, and mark'dwith 
 Chalk, as alfo the Moon's place at the fame time, bring the Sun's 
 place to the brazen Meridian, and ftt the Index of the Horary Circle at 
 Noon, and turn the Globe till the Moow's place fiiccellively co-incide 
 with the Bajiern and Wefiern fide of the Horizon, as alfo the brazen 
 Meridian, and the Index will point at thofe various times, the parti- 
 cular Hour of her Rifing, Setting and Southing. 
 
 Prob. 4 1 . The Day and Hour of either a Solar or Lunar 
 Eclipfe being known^ to find by the Globe all thofe Places in 
 •which the fame will be infible. 
 
 Mark the Sun's place in the {a) Ecliptick for the 
 
 (a) Frol>.6. given Day, as alfo the oppofite Point thereto,, which is 
 
 (b) Pro^.38. the Place of the Moon at that time. Then find (i^) that 
 
 Place of the Globe to which the Sun is vertical at the 
 given Hour, and bring the fame to the Pole ( or vertical Point ) of 
 the wooden Horizon, and fixing the Globe in that Situation, obferve 
 what Places are in the upper Hemifphere, for in moll of them will 
 
 the Sun be vilible during his EcKpfe. As for the Lunar 
 
 (c) Prol>. Eclipfe, youare to find \c) the Antipodes of that Place 
 
 which hath the Sun vertical at the given Hour, and 
 bringing the &ne to the Pole of the wooden Horizon, oblerve ( as 
 formerly ) what Places are in the upper Hemiiphere of the Globe, 
 for in fuch will the Moon be vifible during her Eclipfe, except thole 
 that are very near unto, or adlually in the Horizon. 
 
 Prob. 42. A Place being given on the Globe^ to find the 
 true Situation thereof from all other Places defir'dy or how it 
 bareth in reJpeB to fuch Places. 
 
 The various Places defir'd [which are fuppoled to be fome of thole 
 that lie upon the intermediate Points of the CompafsJ being pitch 'd 
 
 upon. 
 
Part I. Geographical Troblemsl 39 
 
 upon, bring the given Place to the brazen Meridian, and elevate the 
 Pole according to its J. ,atitude, and fixing the Quadrant of Altitude 
 in the Zenith, apply the iame fuccellively to the Places delir'd, and 
 the lower Part ot the jaid Quadrant will interledt the wooden Hori- 
 zon at thoie various Points of the Compafs, (infcrib'd upon the faid 
 Circle; according to the true bearing of the given Place, in refpedt 
 to the Places delir'd. 
 
 Prob. 43 . A Place being given on the Glebe, to find all 
 other places that are fitu ate d from the fame, upon any defi- 
 red Point of the Compafs. 
 
 Elevate the Pole according to the Latitude of the given Place, and 
 bring the laid Place to the brazen Meridian, and fixing the Quadrant 
 of Aiiitude in the Zenith, apply the lower part thereof to the defir'd 
 Point of the Compafs upon the wooden Horizon i andobferve what 
 Places are exadtly under the Edge of the faid Quadrant, for thofe are 
 the Places that are fituated from, or bear off, the given Place accor- 
 ding to the delired Point of the' Compafs. 
 
 Prob. 44. 7ivo Places being given on the Globe, to find 
 the true Difiance between them. 
 
 The Two Places given muft of neceffity lie under either the Jlamc 
 Meridian, the fame Parallel of Latitude, orelfe differ both in Longi- 
 tude and Latitude, (i.) If they lie under the fame Meridian, then 
 bring them both to the brazen Meridian, and obferve the Number 
 of Degrees of Latitude comprehended between them, which being 
 reduc'd into Leagues or Miles, will give the Difiance requir'd. (2.) 
 If they lie under the fame Parallel of Latitude, then bring them fepa- 
 rately to the braxen Meridian, and obferve the Number of Degrees 
 between them upon the Equator ; which done, enter the Table 
 Ifdg. 9.] with the Latitude of the given Places, and feeing 
 thereby how many Miles in that Parallel are anfwerable to one De- 
 gree in the Equator, multiply thofe Miles by the aforefaid Num- 
 ber of Degrees upon the Equator, and the Produdl will give the 
 Diftance requir'd. But, LajUy, if the two Places given do differ 
 both in Longitude and Latitude, then bring one of 'em to the 
 vertical Point of the brazen Meridian, and extending the Quadrant 
 of Altitude to the other, obferve upon the faid Quadrant the Num- 
 ber of Degrees between 'em, which being reduc'd into Leagues or 
 Miles, will give the Diftance requir'd. The third Cafe of the 
 Problem being mofr coniiderable, and occurring more frequently 
 than the other two, we fl^all here annex another way of perform- 
 ing the fame belides the Globe, and that is by refolving a Spherical 
 Triangle, two Sides whereof (viz..) the Compliments of the diffe- 
 rent Latitudes, or the Diftance of the given Places (from the Poles) 
 are not only given, but alfo the Angle comprehended between them, 
 (it being equal to the difference of their Longitude) by which Sides 
 
 and 
 
30 Geographical Trobkms; PartL 
 
 and Angle given, we may very calily find the third Side by the no- 
 ted Rules in Trigonometry, which third Side is the dillance re^ 
 quired. 
 
 Prob. 4.') . A Place being given on the Glebe y and its true 
 Dijiance from a fecond place, to find thereby all other Places 
 of the Earth that are oj the jame dijiance from the gi-ven 
 Place. 
 
 Bring the given Place to the brazen Meridian, and elevate the Pole 
 according to the Latitude of the faid Place ; then fix the Quadrant of 
 Altitude in the Zenith, and reckon up the faid Quadrant, the given 
 Diftance between the firft and fecond place (providing the fame be 
 under 90 Degrees, otherv/ife you muft ufe the Semi-Circle of Pofi- 
 tion ) and making a Mark where the reckoning ends, and moving the 
 faid Quadrant or Semi-Circle quite round upon the Surface of the 
 Globe, all Places paflxng under that Mark, are thofe delir'd 
 
 Prob, 4^. 77?^ Latitude of two Places being given ^ and 
 how one cj them beareth oj the other, to find thereby the 
 true diflance between them. 
 
 For the Solution of this Problem, fuppofe the firft Meridian to be 
 the true Meridian of one of the given Places, particularly that whofe 
 bearing is unknown. Upon the Upper Semi-Circle of that Meri- 
 dian mark the Latitude of the faid Place,- then elevate the Pole ac- 
 cording to the Latitude of the other Place, and fixing the Quadrant 
 of Altitude in the Zenith, extend the fame to the given Point of 
 the Compafs upon the wooden Horizon, and turn the Globe about 
 till the Point mark'd in the aforefaid Meridian co-incide with the faid 
 Quadrant. Which done, reckon upon that Quadrant the Number 
 of Degrees between that Point mark'd in the firft Meridian and the 
 vertical Point ; which Degrees being converted into Leagues or 
 Miles, will give the Diftance requir'd. 
 
 Prob. 47. The Longitude of two Places being given, m 
 alfo the Latitude of one of them, and its bearing from the 
 ether, to find thereby the trtie Diftance between them. 
 
 For the Solution of this Problem, fuppofe the firft Meridian to be 
 the true Meridian of the Place, whofe Latitude is unknown, reckon 
 from that Meridian upon the Equator the number of Degrees equal 
 to the difference of Longitude of the two Places, and make a mark 
 where the reckoning ends, and bringing the fame to the brazen Me- 
 ridian, (which reprefents the Meridian of the fecond Place; reckon 
 upon it the Degrees of the given Latitude 3 and fixing the Globe in 
 
Part I. Geographical Troblems] 3 1 
 
 that Situation, raife the Pole according to that Latitude, and fix the 
 Quadrant of Altitude in the Zenith, extending the other extremity 
 thereof to the given Point of the Compafs upon the wooden Hori- 
 zon. The Globe continuing in this Polition, obfove that Point of 
 the Surface, where the Quadrant of Altitude interfefts the firft Me- 
 ridian, for the fame reprefenteth the fecond Place, and that Arch of 
 the Quadrant between the faid Point and Zenith, being converted 
 into Leagues or Miles, will give the Diftance requir'd. 
 
 Prob. 48. T'he Dijl ayice hetvceen tuuo Places lyiizg undeY 
 the fame Meridian being given y as alfo their refpeElive 
 bearing fiom a third Place, to find thereby that place with 
 its trv.e Di fiance from the other two. 
 
 The given Diftance being reckon'd any where upon the brazen 
 Meridian, and thoie Places of the Globe exaftly under the beginning 
 and end of that reckoning being mark'd, raife the Pole according to 
 the Latitude of one of them, ( which^ for Diftindion fake, we'll 
 term the firft Place ) and fixing the Quadrant of Altitude in the 
 Zenith, extend the other Extremity thereof to the given Point of 
 the Compafs upon the wooden Horizon, according as the iaid firft: 
 place beareth oft" the third unknown, and make a fmall Trad with 
 Chalk upon the Globe, where the Edge of the Quadrant pafleth 
 along. Which done elevate the Pole according to the Latitude of 
 the fecond Place, and fixing the Quadrant of Altitude in the Zenith, 
 extend the iame ( as formerly ) to the given Point of the Com- 
 pafs upon the wooden Horizon , and obferve where the iaid Qua- 
 drant interfects the aforefaid Traft of Chalk made upon the Sur- 
 face of the Globe, for that is the third Place defir'd, whofe Diftance 
 from the other two may be found by the foregoing Problem. 
 
 Thefearethe chief 'Problems performable by the Terreftrial Globe, 
 as alfo the manner of their Performance : But if the Reader defire 
 more, let him confult Varenius, ( his Geographic Generalis ) from 
 whom we have borrowed feveral of thofe abovementioned. Now 
 foiloweth, according to our propofed Method. 
 
 SECT. 
 
32 
 
 Part L 
 
 SECT. III. 
 
 Containing fome Plain Geographical Theorems, 
 
 Theor. i. ^T^HE Latitude of any Place is always ecptal 
 * to the Elevation of the Pole in the fame 
 Place, & ^ contra. 
 
 Theor. 2. The Elevation of the Equator in any Place 
 is always equal to the Compliment of the Latitude in the 
 fame Place, Sc vice verfa. 
 
 Theor. ^.Thofe Places lyingunder the EquimElial Line, 
 have nothing of Latitude, it being there that the Calcula- 
 tion of Latitude begins. 
 
 Theor. 4. Thofe Places lying exaEily under the two Poles 
 have the greatefl Latitude, it being there that the Calcula- 
 tion of Latitude doth end. 
 
 Theor. ^ 7hofe Places lying exaBly under the fir ft 
 ridian, have nothing of Longitude, it being there that the 
 Calculation of Longitude begins. 
 
 Theor. 6. T'hofe Places immediately adjacent to the^e- 
 {lern-fide of the firft Meridian have the greatefl Longitude, 
 it beinq there that the Calculation of Longitude doth end. 
 
 Theor. 7. All Places lying upon either fide of the Equa- 
 tor have the greater or leffer Latitude according to their re- 
 fpeciive Difiance therefrom. 
 
 Theor. 8. All Places lying upon either fide of the Equa- 
 tor, and exaBly under the fame, have the greater or leffer 
 Longitude, according to their refpeElive D fiance from the 
 
 firft Meridian. . , , » • 
 
 Theor. p. That particular Place of the Earth lying ex- 
 aBly under the InterfeBion of the fivft Meridian and Equi-^ 
 noBial Line hath neither Longitude nor Latitude. 
 
 Theor. 10. No place of the Earth is dift ant from another 
 above 10800 Italian Miles, allowing 60 to one Degree in 
 the Equator. 
 
 Theor, 
 
Part I. Geographical Tamdoxes, 
 
 Theor. II. No place of the Earfh is difiant from its pro- 
 per Antipodes ( diavutrically taken ) above 7200 Italian Mies, 
 fiiU alloujing 60 to one Degree in the Equator. 
 
 Theor. 12. Ihe fe?if hle Horizon of every place doth as often 
 change, as iv? happen to change the Flace it felf. 
 
 Theor. 1 3 . "The appare?it Semi-diameter of the fenfhle Ho' 
 rizm in mofi Places, doth frequently vary according to the Re- 
 fraction of the Sun-beams. 
 
 Theor. 14. Ail Countries upon the Face of the ivhole Earth 
 do equally enjoy the Light of the Sun (in refpeSi of Time ) and 
 are equally deprivd of the Beneft thereof. 
 
 Theor. 15. In all V laces on the Globe of the "Earth, fave 
 -€xa6ily under the Poles, the Days a?id Nights are of an equal 
 Leiigth, (viz. twelve Hours each ) vohen the Sun cometh to the 
 equinoElial Line. 
 
 Theor. 16. In all Places betnjoeen the EquinoSlial and the 
 tuuo Poles the Days and Nights are never equal to one another y 
 fave only thofe tujo times of the Tear, -when the Sun entereth 
 the Signs of Aries and Libra. 
 
 Theor. 17. The nearer any Place is to the Line, the lejfer 
 is the difference between the length of the artificial Days and 
 and Nights in the faid Place and on the contrary, the farther 
 reviovd, the greater. 
 
 Theor. 18. In all Places lying under the fame Parallel of 
 Latitude , the Days and Nights are of the fame extent, and 
 that at all times of the Tear. 
 
 Theor. 19. Three or more Places being given on the Globe 
 that lie betuosen the Equator and either of the Poles, and 
 equi-di(iant from one another , the Extent of the longeji Day in 
 thofe Places doth not encreafe proportionably to the dijlance of 
 the places themfelves. 
 
 Theor. ao. Three or more places being given on the Globe 
 that lie between the Equator and the Poles , in which the 
 length of the longefi Day doth equally encreafe; theDifiance be- 
 between the Parallels of thofe places is not equal to one another. 
 
 Theor. 2.1. Three or more places being given on the Globe, 
 whofe Difancefrom the Equator to either Pole exceeds one ano- 
 ther in Arithmetical Proportion: The length of the longefl Day 
 in one doth not keep the fame Analogy to that in the other, ac- 
 cording to the Proportion of their difiance. 
 
 E Theor, 
 
Geographical Taradoxes. Part I. 
 
 Theor. 22. In all Tlaces of the Torrid Zone, the Morning 
 and Evening Twilight is leaji j in the Vrigid, greatefi • and in 
 the Temperate it's a Medium between the two. 
 
 Theor. 23. To all places lying within the Torrid Zone, the 
 Sun is duly Vertical twice a Tear, to thofe under the Tropicks, 
 once ; hut to them in the Temperate and Frigid, never. 
 
 Theor. 24. In all places of the two Trigid Zones, the Sun 
 appeareth every Tear without fetting for a certain 'Number of 
 Days, and difappeareth for the fame fpace of time. And the 
 nearer unto, or the farther from the Pole thofe Vlaces are, the 
 lo?iger or fhorter is his continued Prefence in, or Abfence from, 
 the fame. 
 
 Theor. 25. In all places exaEily under the ArBick and Ant~ 
 Bartick Circles, the S\ir\ (at his greateji Declination) appear- 
 eth every Tear for one Day compleatly without fetting, and in- 
 tirely difappeareth another, but daily rifeth and fetteth in thofe 
 Places at all other times, as elfewhere. 
 
 Theor. 2.6. In all places between the Equator and the North 
 Pole, the longeft Day and (l:)Grteft Night , is always when the 
 Sun hath the greatefi Northern Declination^ and the floorteft 
 Day afid longefl Night, when he hath the greatefi Southern. 
 
 Theor. 27. In all places between the Equator and the South 
 Pole, the longefi Day and (Jjorteft Night, is always when the 
 Sun hath the greatefi Southern Declination ^ and the (loort- 
 efl Day a?id longeft Night, wloen the greatefi Northern. 
 
 Theor. 28. In all places ftuated under the EquinoSiial Ei'ae, 
 the Meridian Shadow of a Style perpendicularly ereMed, doth 
 cafi it felf towards the North for one half of the Tear, arid to- 
 wards the South during the other. 
 
 Theor. 29. In all places lying under the EquinoBial Line, 
 there is no Meridian Shadow on thofe two Days of the Tear, that 
 the Sun doth enter the Signs of Aries and Libra. 
 
 Theor. 30. The nearer that Places are U7ito, or the farther 
 removed from^ the Equator, the fimter or longer accordingly is 
 the Meridian Shadow of a Style perpeiidicularly ereiied in fuch 
 Places. 
 
 Theor. 31. The farther that Places are removed from the 
 Equator {yet not fttrpafitjig 66 Degrees of Latitude ) the greater 
 is the SunV Amplitude, or that Arch of the Horizon betwse?i 
 she Poi?its of due Eaft and Wq^> and thofe in which the Sun 
 
 rijl'th 
 
Part I. Geographical Tatadoxef. 
 
 rifeth and fetteth on the Days of the Summer and Winter Sol^ 
 fiice. 
 
 Theor. 32. In all places lying under the fame Semi-circle of 
 the Meridian, the Hours both of the Day and Night are always 
 the fame in one, as in the other. 
 
 Theor. 33. In all places both of the North Southern 
 Hemijpheres, that lie under oppofte Farallels of Latitude, the 
 Seafons of the Tear are not the faine i7i one, as in the other. 
 
 Theor. 34. In all places ftuated in a Parallel Sphere, the 
 Circle of the SunV Diurnal Motion runs always Varallel (or 
 very near it) to the refpeSiive Horizon of fuch Places. 
 
 Theor. 35. In all places ftuated in a Right Sphere, the Cir-- 
 tie of the SunV Diurnal Motion is fill perpendicular ( or very 
 near it ) to the refpeciive Horizon of fuch Places. 
 
 Theor. 3(). In all places ftuated in an Oblii^ue Sphere s the 
 Circle of the SunV Diurnal Motion is always Oblique unto, or 
 cutteth the Horizori of fuch Places at unequal Angles. 
 
 Theor. If the Difference of Longitude in two Places hi 
 exaSily 15 Degrees. The People refiding in the Eafimof of them 
 uuill reckon the time of the Day feoner by one Hour, then thop 
 in the other. If the Difference be 30 Degrees, then thef II reckon 
 their Hours fooner by two. If 4^ Degrees, by three. And if 
 hy 60, then by four, &c. 
 
 Theor. 38. If People re f ding in two difiinSi Placed do differ 
 exaSily one Hour in reckoning their time ( it being only Noon to 
 bne, when one in the Aftermon to the other) the trueDiftajzce be- 
 tween the refpeBive Meridians of thofe Places is exaBly 15 De~ 
 grees upoji the Equator. If they differ two Hours, the diflance 
 is 30 Degrees. If three, it's 45. A^td if four, ifs compleat~ 
 ly 60, &c. 
 
 Theor. 39. If any Ship Jet out from any Port, andfieei'ing 
 "Eaffward doth intirely furround the Globe of the Earth, the 
 People of the faid Ship, in reckoning their time, will gain one 
 Day compleatly at their return, or count one tiiore than thofe re- 
 ading at the faid Port. If Wejlwardj then tbeyll lofe one, of 
 reckon one lefs. 
 
 Theor. 4,0. If two Ships fet out from the fame Port at the 
 fa?ne Time, and both furround the Globe of the Earthy one fteef- 
 ing Eaft, a7id the other W ellward, thofll differ from one ano- 
 ther in recko?mg their time two Days compleatly at thiir return^ 
 
3^ 
 
 Geographical Taradoxes. Part I. 
 
 (•ven fuppofe they happen to arrive on the fame Hay. If they 
 furround the Earth tivice {fleering as afurefaid ) they'll difer 
 four Bays ; if thrice, then Six, dec 
 
 Theor. 41. If fever ai Ships fet out from the fame Fort, ei- 
 ther at the fame or different Times, and do all furround the Globe 
 of the Earth, fame fleering due Southj and others due North, 
 and arrive again at the fame Fort ; the refpeSlive People of 
 thofe different Ships at their return will not differ from one ano- 
 ther i'^ recko7iing their Time, nor from thofe who refide at the 
 faid Port, 
 
 Thefe are the chief Geographical Theorems, or Self-evident 
 Truths clearly deducible from the fore-going Problems, and 
 to thefe we might add a great many more ^ bat leaving fuch 
 Truths, v/e pafs to fome others ( in purfuance of our propo- 
 fed Method ) and fuch as are equally certain with the afore- 
 faid Theorems, though not fo apparent, yet probably more di- 
 verting. Therefore followeth 
 
 SECT. IV. 
 
 Containing fome Amazing Geographical 
 Paradoxes. 
 
 Parad-l.Tr*HE2?£ are two remarkable Places on the Globe of 
 *• the Earth, in which there is only one Day and one 
 Night throughout the whole Tear. 
 
 Par. 2. There are alfo fome places on the Earth, in which it 
 is neither Day nor Night at a certain time of the Tear, for the 
 Jpace of twenty four Hours. 
 
 Par. 3. There is a certain place of the Earth, at which if 
 two Men fjouid chance to meet, one would fland upright upon 
 the Soles of the others Feet, and ?ieither of them fhouldfesl the 
 Other's Weight, and yet the both fjould retain their Natural po- 
 flure. 
 
 Par. 4. There is alfo a certain place of the Earth, where a 
 Fire being made, neither Flame nor Smoak would afcend, hut 
 
 movt 
 
Part I. Geographical Taradoxes] s 7 
 
 move circularly about the Fire. Moreover-) if in that place one 
 Jhould fx a fmooth or plain Table without any Ledges vohatfo^ 
 ever, and four thereon a large ^antity of Water, not one 
 Drop thereof could run over the faid Table, but vjould raife it 
 felfup in a large Heap. 
 
 Par. 5'. There is a certain place on the Globe, of a confder- 
 able Southern Latitude , that hath both the greatefi and leaf 
 Degree of Longitude. 
 
 Par. 6. There are three remarkable places on the Globe 3 that 
 differ both in Longitude and Latitude, and yet all lie under one 
 and the fain" Meridian. 
 
 Par. y. There are three remarkable places on the Continent of 
 Europe, that lie under three different Meridians, and yet all a- 
 gree both in Longitude and Latitude. 
 
 Par. 8. There is a certain I [land in the iEgean Sea, upon 
 •which, iftiuo Children avere brought forth at the fa?ne infant of 
 Time, and living together for fever al Tears, fould both expire 
 On the fame Day, yea, at the faine Hour and Mi7tute of that 
 Day, yet the Life of one viould furpafs the Life of the other by 
 divers Months. 
 
 Par. 9. There are fwo obfrvable places belonging to Afia, that 
 lie under the fame Meridian, and of a fnall diflance from one 
 another and yet the refpe6five Inhabitants of them in reckoning 
 their time, do differ an intire Natural Day every Week. 
 
 Par. 10. There is a particular place of the Earth, ivhere the 
 Winds, (though freque7itly veering round the Cornpafs) do al~ 
 vjays blovj from the North poi77t. 
 
 Par. 1 1 . There is a certain Hill iit the South of Bohemia, 
 on nvhofe Top, if an EquiTiociial Sun-Dial be duly ereSied:, a 
 Man that is Stone-bUjid may knpvi the Hour of the Day by the 
 fame, if the Sun flnnes. 
 
 Par. 12. There is a conjid?rabk Number of places lying "with- 
 in the Torrid Zone, in any of luhich, if a certain kind of Sun- 
 Dial, be duly ereSied'^ the Shadotv ivill go back fever al Degrees 
 Upon the fame, at a certain time of the Tear j and that tivice 
 every Day for the fpace of divers Weeks : Tet no ivays deroga- 
 ting from that viiraculous returning of the Shadovo upon the Dial 
 of AhaZj in the Days of King Hezekiah. 
 
 Par. 13. There are divers places on the Continent of Africa, 
 ^nd the Ifands of Sumatra and Borneo , where a certain kmd 
 of Sun-dial being duly fix d, the Gnomon thereof will cafi no 
 
 E 3 fia~ 
 
Geographical Taradoxes, Part L 
 
 fyadcu) at all, during fever al Seafons of the Tear'-, and yet the 
 exaSi Time of the Day he hwc:n thereby. 
 
 Par. 14. There is a certain Ifland in the vaft Atlantick Oce- 
 an, which being defer fd by a Ship at Sea, and hearing due Eaft 
 of the faid Ship, at tivehe Leagues difiant by JEfiimation j the 
 truefi Courfefor hitting of the Jaid Ifland, is to fteer fx Leagues 
 dice Eaft J andjnfi as many due Weft. 
 
 Par. 15. There is a remarkable place on the Globe of the 
 "Earth, of a very pure and nvholefome Air, to breathe in, yet of 
 fuch a f range and deteflable ^ality, that ifs abfolutely impof- 
 fihle for t'wo of the intireft Friends that ever breatFd, to con- 
 tinue in the fame, in Mutual Love and Friendjhip for the fpace 
 of fwo Minutes of time. 
 
 Par. i^. There is a certain noted place in the o^,*/? Atlantick 
 Ocean, ivhere a brisk Levant is abfolutely the befi Wind for a 
 Ship that is to Jhape a due EaftCourfej and yet (be fjalljiill go 
 before it. 
 
 Par. 1 7. There are divers remarkable places upon the Terra- 
 queous Globe, vjhofe fenfible Horizon is commonly fair and 
 firene; and yet ^tis tmpojpble to difiiriguifj properly in it any one 
 of the Intermediate Foints of the Compaf j nay, nor fo much 
 as two of the four Cardinal themfelves. 
 
 Par. 18. There is a certain If and in the Baltick Sea, to 
 luhofe Inhabitants the Body of the Sun is clearly vifble in the 
 Morning before he arifeth, and likewife in the Evening after he 
 is fet. 
 
 Par. 19. There is a certain Village in the Kingdom 0/ Naples, 
 fituated in a very low Valley, and yet the Sun is nearer to the hi- 
 hahitants thereof every Noon by 3000 Miles and upwards, than 
 vohen he either rifeth or fetteth to thofe of the faid Village. 
 
 Par. 20. There is a certain Village in the South of Great 
 Britain, to whofe Inhabitants the Body of the Sun is lefs vifble 
 about the Winter Soljfice, than to thofe who re fide upon the If and 
 ef Ice-land. 
 
 Par. 21. There is a vafi Country in ^Ethiopia Superior, to 
 whofe Inhabitants the Body of the Moon doth always appear to 
 he moft enlight7ted when pe's leaf enlightned j and to be leafi 
 when mofi. 
 
 • Par. 22. There is a certain If and, ( whereof mention is made 
 hy fever al of our lateft Geographers ) whofe Inhabitants can?iot 
 properly be reckon d either Male or Female, nor altogether Her- 
 
 : ^ rnaphro- 
 
Part I. Geographical Tar adoxes, 39 
 
 7naphrodites j yet fuch is their peculiar ^ality, that they re feU 
 dm lialle unto either Hunger or Thirft, Cold or Heat, Joy or 
 Sorrow, Hopes or Fears, or any fuch of the coinvmn Attendants 
 of Human Life. 
 
 Par. 23. There is a remarkable place of the Earth tf a cen- 
 fiderable Southern Latitude, from nuhofe Meridian the Sun re- 
 moveth not for fever al Days at a certain time <ff the Tear. 
 
 Par. 24.. There is a certain place of the Earth of a cojifde- 
 rable Northern Latitude, -where though the Days and Nights, 
 {even when /horteji) do cojiffi of fever al Hours j yet in that 
 place ifs Mid-day or Noon every garter of an Hour. 
 
 Par. 25. There are divers places on the Globe of the Earth, 
 where the Sun and MooHj yea, and all the planets, do actu- 
 ally rife and fet accordi?ig to their various Motims, but never 
 any of the fixed Stars. 
 
 Par. 2.6. There is a very remarkable place upon the Terraque- 
 ous Globe-, where all the Planets, notwithfianding their different 
 Motions, and various AfpeSis, do always bear upon one and the 
 fame Point of the Compafs. 
 
 Par. 27. There is a certain noted part of the Earth, where 
 theSnn andMoon [ipfo tempore plenilunii] may both hap- 
 pen to rife at the fame Infant of Time, and upon the fame Foint 
 of the Compafs. 
 
 Par. 28. There is a certain place on the Conti7ient o/" Europe, 
 where if fever al of the ablefi Aflronomers ( the World now af- 
 fords) pould nicely obferve Coeleftial Bodies, and that at the 
 fame Infant of time, yet the Planetary Phafes^, and their va- 
 rious Afpe6ls would be really different to each of them. 
 
 Par, 29. There is a large and famous Country on the Conti- 
 nent of Africa, many of whofe Inhabitants are barn perfectly 
 Deaf, and others Stone-blind, and confmue fo during their whole 
 Lives j and yet fuch is the amazing Faculty of thofe Perfons, 
 that the Deaf are as capable to judge of Sou7ids as thofe that 
 hear, aitd the Blind of Colours as they who fee. 
 
 Par. 30. There are certain People in Sonth. hmQUCZ, who are 
 properly fur nifo'd with only one of the five Senfes, viz. that of 
 Touching, and yet they can both Hear and See, Tafieand Smell, 
 and that as nicely as we EuropeanSj whO- have all the Vive. 
 
 Par. 5 { . There is a certain Country in South America, many 
 of whofe Savage Inhabitants are fuch unheard of Canibals, that 
 they not only feed upon HumanElefh, but alfo fome of them do a- 
 
 E 4 dually 
 
4<^ Geographical Taradoxes. Part L 
 
 Siually eat ihemfelvss ^ and yet they commonly furvive tk(it 
 Jirange Repafi. 
 
 Par. 32. There is a remarkable River on the Continent of Eu- 
 rope, over uohich there is a Bridge of fuch a breadth, that a- 
 hove three thoufand Men abreafi may pafs along upon the fame , 
 and that wit ho fit crowding o?te another in the leaf. 
 
 Par. 33. There is a large and fpacious Plain in a certain 
 Country of k{\z., able to co?itain fx hundred thoufand Men drawfi 
 up into Battle Array : which Nujnber of Men being aSlually 
 brought thither, and there drawn up, it were abfolutely impof- 
 ftblefor any morcy than one fingle I erfon, to fvandupright upon 
 the faid Plain. 
 
 Par. 3^, There is a certain European City, whofe Buildings, 
 ieing generally of firm Stone, are (for the moft part ) of a pro- 
 digious height, and exceeding Stro?ig , and yet it is vioft certain 
 that the Walls of thofe Buildings are 7iot parallel to one another, 
 nor perpendicular to the plain on which they are built. 
 
 Par. 35. There is a certain City in the ^iomhtmpartofChi- 
 r\2., whofe Inhabitants {both Male and Female) do obferve air- 
 tnofi the fame Fofture and Gate in Walking, as we Europeans 
 and yet they frecpuently appear to Strangers, as if they walk" don 
 their Heads. 
 
 Par. 36'. There are ten places of the Earth, dif ant from one 
 another three hundred Miles and upwards, and yet none of them 
 hath either Longitucie or Latitude. 
 
 Par. 3 7. There are two diftinSi places of the Earth lying un- 
 der the fame Meridian, whofe difference of Latitude is fixty De- 
 grees compleatly and yet the true difance between thofe two 
 places doth not really Jurpafs fixty Italian Miles. 
 
 Par. 38. There are alfo two diftin£i places of the Earth, ly- 
 ing under the EcfumoMal Line, whofe difference of Longitude is 
 compleatly %6 Degrees \, and yet the true difajice between thofe 
 two places, is not full eighty fix Italian Mtles. 
 
 Par. 39. There are three diflinSl places of the Earth, all dif- 
 fering both z« Longitude and Latitude, and dtji ant from one ano- 
 ther two thoufand Miles compleatly, and yet they do all hear up- 
 on one and thi fame point of the Compafs. 
 
 Par. 40. There are three difvinEi places on the Continent of 
 EuropCj equidifiant from one another {they making a true E- 
 ^uilateral Triangh, each of whofe fides doth confft of a thou- 
 fmid Miles) a7id yet there is a fourth place fafituatedin refpeSi 
 
Part I. Geographical Tar adobes. 41 
 
 of the other three, that a Man may travel on Toot from it to 
 a?iy of the other three, in the fpace of one Artificial Day at 4 
 certain time of the Year j arid that uoithout the leaf Hurry or 
 Fatigue whatfoever. 
 
 Par. 41. There are three difiinSf places on the Continent of 
 Europe, lying UTtder the fume Meridian, and at fuch a dijlanCBi 
 that the Latitude of the third furpajfeth that of the fecond by 
 fo many Degrees and Minutes exailly , as the fecond fitrpaffeth 
 thefrfi, and yet the true dfvance of the firft ajtd third from the 
 fecond (or intermediate place ) not the fame by a great many 
 Miles. 
 
 Par. 42. There are tivo diftinSi places on the Continent of 
 Europe, fo ftuated in refpeB of one another, that though the 
 firft doth lie Y^zik. from the fecond, yet the fecond is not WeAfrom 
 the firft. 
 
 Par. 43. There is a certain European Iftand, the Northmoft 
 Part ivhereof doth frequently alter both its Longitude and La- 
 titude. 
 
 Par. 44. There is a certain place in the Iftand of Great 
 Britain, luhere the Stars are always vifble at any time of the 
 Day, if the Horizon be not overcaft nvith Clouds. 
 
 Par. 45. It may be clearly demonftrated by the Terreftrial 
 Globe, That it is not above twenty four Hours Sailing from the 
 River of Thames in England to the City of Meffina in Sicily, 
 at a certain tim? of the Year ; providing there be a brisk North 
 Wmd, a light Frigat, and an ATimuth Compafs. 
 
 Thefe are the chief Paradoxical Foftions in Matters of Geo- 
 graphy, which mainly depend on a thorough Knowledge of 
 the Globe ; and though it is highly probable, that they'll ap- 
 pear to fome as the greateft of Fables j yet, we may boldly 
 affirm. That they're not only equally certain with the afore- 
 faid Theorems, but alfo we are well aflur'd. That there's no 
 Mathematical Demonftration of Euclid, more infallibly true 
 in it felf than is every one of them. However, we think it 
 not fit to pull ofF the Vixor, or expofe thofe masked Truths to 
 publick View, fince to endeavour the unmasking of ^era may 
 prove a private Diverlioii, both pleafant and ufeflil to the 
 ingenious Reader, at his more vacant Hours ; wehafteningin 
 ^he mean time to the laft Thing propos'd, viz,. 
 
 SECT. 
 
Part. I. 
 
 SECT. III. 
 
 Concerning Land and Water. 
 
 THE Surface of the Terraqueous Globe [to which we intirely 
 reftrid our felves both here, and in the following Parts of this 
 Treatifel being always conlidered by Geographers as the Super- 
 ficies compos'd of Land and Water, as its fble conftituent Parts, and 
 thcfe Parts being fubdivided ( Page 13.) as followeth, viz,. 
 
 Land into Water into 
 
 Continents, Ifthmus's, ^ Oceans, Straits, 
 
 Iflands, Promontories, Seas, Lakes, 
 
 Peninlula's, Mountains. Gulfs, Rivers. 
 
 Of all thefe feparately, and in their Order. Therefore 
 
 §.1.0/ CO NT INE NTS. 
 
 Commonly reckon'd Four, viz. Thole 
 of 
 
 . A 
 
 Europe^ Africa, ^ 
 
 •^Jia, America. 
 
 "NTnrth 5" Scandinavia - \ . 
 
 iNorcn ^ Mufcovia\_orRufa]V'^'^'^^ from W. to E. 
 
 I {^Trance- . ? 
 
 mrobe J^^^^^^ < Germany ^ found from W. to E. 
 
 \ L Poland >y 
 
 {Spam 5 
 Italy V found from W. to E. 
 Turky in Europe • \ 
 
 •North, comprehending the vafc Country of Tar my. 
 V C China __ 
 
 ^<;n„fK J India ( , 
 
 Vouth <:^^^^^ Mound from E. to W. 
 
 Turky in Ajia — J 
 
 Africa. 
 
Part I. Land and Water] 
 
 ✓ wl. 
 
 f Bi^vbctr'j- ^ 
 
 \ BileJulgerid 
 
 ^ )Zaarii or the Defert 
 
 ^< Land of the Negroes 
 
 '* \ Guinea— " 
 
 / Nubia 
 
 . found from N. to S. 
 
 C Interior- — 
 
 'Mexico or New Spain- 
 \ Mew Mexico or Nova Granada 
 'North <i Florida 
 
 • Terra Canadenfis 
 Terra ArBica — 
 
 >from N.toS. 
 
 Terra Fir ma-' 
 
 ^ Peru 
 
 \Land of the Amazons ' 
 
 South JBraJil 
 
 J Paraguay j 
 
 / Terra Magellanica' — — 
 
 { Terra Antarciica * — . 
 
 f. 2. 0} ISL ANDS. 
 
 They belong either 
 
 to 
 A. 
 
 rfromN. to S. 
 
 r 
 
 Europe, 
 Afia, 
 
 X The Scandinavian Iflands \ 
 ^ jThelfland of Ice-land^/ to 
 
 NThe Britannick Iflands- '->-f^ 
 
 ^ ) The Azores \^ 
 
 ' C TheMediterranean Iflands ' 
 
 Africa, 
 America. 
 
 'in the N. and Baltick S. 
 yW. of Scandinavia, 
 
 N. of France. 
 'w. of Spain. 
 
 S. of Europe. 
 
 Alia 
 
44 
 
 Land and Water. Part. I. 
 
 'The JupM Ifland 
 The Philipp'm- 
 
 ' The Illes des Ldrron: — 
 The Moluccoes-' — — 
 
 The Ifiands of the Smd - 
 Ceylon and the Maldives- 
 
 More re- 
 markable 
 
 Beft re- 
 markable 
 
 Madagafcar— — — — 
 I The Iflands of Cape Verde 
 The Canary Iflands—- — ■ 
 The Madera—. . 
 
 ' The Ifles of Comoro — 
 I S. Thomas's Ifland — — 
 
 The Fr'mcefs Ifland 
 
 * S. Helena 
 
 >.s<: 
 
 Ifle of Afcenfior^ 
 
 «"North 
 
 are 
 
 . Middle 
 are the 
 Antiles 
 
 {California-^ — 
 Newfomdland ■ 
 Cuba 
 
 famaica- 
 
 Hifpaniola — 
 Tortorico- - — 
 
 Caribees — 
 Lucayes — 
 Soto'uento - 
 
 Bermudas— 
 South is Terra del Tmgo. 
 
 of China. 
 S. W. of Japan. 
 E.ofthcP/?;///)^/;? 
 S.of the Fhilippin. 
 W. of the Moluc. 
 W. of them, of 5. 
 
 • 
 
 E. of Mthlopia. 
 W. or Negrolmd. 
 V/.ct'Biledulger. 
 W. of Barbary. 
 
 J<1. V/. oi Madag. 
 W.pf^/^, L.oo. 
 W.of^^^.La. 3. 
 S. W.of S.TW 
 N.E.ofS. Helena, 
 
 W .o^ Nova Gran. 
 E. of Terra Cana. 
 
 E. of New Spain. 
 
 [Antilles. 
 S. E.of the t^reater 
 S. E. of Florida. 
 N. of Terra Fir. 
 E. of Florida. 
 I S.of Terra Mage!. 
 
 §. 3' Of PENINSULA'S. 
 
 ^ rjuitland-- 
 ~'. < Morea- 
 
 ^ {^ Taurica Cherfon?fus — ■ 
 
 (peninCulalndisi S'""'''' ^^""S- 
 < l^extra Gang. 
 
 Malacca [Cherfonefa d'or'} 
 
 ^ In Africa is none but Africa it felf- 
 
 r Mexico or North America 
 
 I ) 
 
 {JPeru or South America • . 
 
 < 
 
 "Germany. 
 Greece. 
 
 Little Tartar/. 
 The Contin. ~( 
 The Contin. J "J * 
 <,' Feninfala Jndu intra 
 [ Gangem, 
 The W. of Afia. 
 South "I 
 
 \- America. 
 KjNor^h J 
 
Part I. 
 
 Land and PFdterl 
 
 4-5 
 
 §. 4. Of isthmus's. 
 
 In Europe are the ( Corinth 
 
 Jjihmus's of I Tmrica Cherfomfus 
 
 Morett to Greece. 
 Tmrica Cherfomfus to 
 Liftle Tart dry. ' 
 
 In AfiA is the Ifihrnus of Malacca--, i J Malacca to Veninf. Irf~ 
 
 ^ .5 S. dtA intra Gangem. 
 In is the iflhmus of 1—1 j ^r/t^ to 
 
 In America is the Ifihrnus of Panama . 
 
 Mexico and Per/*. 
 
 §. 5. Of PROMONTORIES or CAPES. 
 
 /" Cape Nord — " 
 
 I Cape la Hogue- 
 
 ^\ The Lands-end 
 
 I yThe Lizard - • 
 
 W "^The^^^r? — 
 
 ^ ' Cape de Finifierra — 
 
 Ca^e de Rocca- 
 \_Cape S. Vincent — 
 
 The Northmoft part of Norway. 
 The N. of France. 
 The S. W. 
 
 The S. 
 The S. 
 The W. 
 The W. 
 The W. 
 
 of JEnglaml. 
 
 } 
 
 of Spain. 
 
 rCape Ningpo ^ 
 
 ^< Cape Comerin j 
 
 XjOape Razalgate >.S^<' 
 
 Cape Spartel- 
 I Cape Verde 
 
 Cape of Good Hope — 
 (_ Cape of Guardifeu — 
 
 Cape de Florida 
 
 I Cape de Coriente 
 
 Cape Froward — — - 
 
 ' Cape Horn- — 
 
 Cape de S. AugufiineJ 
 
 The E. of China. 
 Teninf. Indi^ intra Gangem. 
 S. E. part of Arabia. 
 
 The W. of Barbary. 
 The W. of Negroland. 
 The S. of Mthiopia exterior. 
 The N. E. part of JEthiopia exter. 
 
 The S. of Florida. 
 The W. of New Spain. 
 The S. of Terra Magellanica. 
 The S. of Terra del Fmgo. 
 Ci:h& E. of Brafd. 
 
 §. C. Of 
 
4^. Land and Water], Part t; 
 
 §. 6, Of MOUNTAINS. 
 
 '^The Dolfr'moUiWs 
 ' Boglorvy 
 
 HyperioreanMountzins 
 
 The Cevennes 
 
 Auvergne-- 
 
 The Vmgue 
 
 Titjhtelberge ~ 
 
 Schwartztoalden 
 
 The Carpathian Moun , 
 The Pneman Hills — 
 
 The Alps- 
 
 The Apenn'me Hills — 
 
 Vefuv'ms \zVulcano~\ 
 Balkan- 
 
 o 
 
 The Holy Mount- 
 Lacha- 
 
 The Grampion Hills — 
 
 The C^e-yw^ Hills 
 
 Malvern Hills 
 
 The Teake-' 
 
 Snowden — — — 
 
 Plinlimmon — — 
 
 Knock Patrick 
 
 StremMi [zValcano] . 
 j^Mtm [a Vulcanol— — J 
 
 Imaus ■ 
 
 \Caucafus 
 
 Sardonyx 
 
 , Guaco — — 
 ' Taurus — — 
 
 Adam's Pike — 
 
 ''Between Sweden and Norway 
 In the South, parti r,, ^ 
 IntheNorth-partj-^^^'/""^'^' 
 
 ' ^In the South part of France. 
 
 In Lorrain. 
 
 Incirculating Bohemia. 
 In the S . of Germany, viz. Suabiai 
 ' In the South parts of Poland. 
 Between Spain and France. 
 
 Between Italy and TJ"^"*^*- 
 _5 Germany. 
 
 \ Dividing ^taly \nto^^^^^ 
 
 *^ In the Kingdom of Naples. 
 In the N. of Macedon. 
 In the E. of Macedon. 
 Between Thejfaly and Macedon. 
 ' In Scotl. viz. S. of the River Dee. 
 Between Scotland and England. 
 In England, viz. Worcefierjljire. 
 In England, viz. Berbyjhire. 
 In Wales, viz. CaernarTjanJhire. 
 In viz. Cardigan/hire. 
 
 In Ire/, viz. in the C, of Limerick,- 
 j In a little Ifland W. of JNfo^/ej. 
 ^_In the Ifland of 
 
 In Tartary. 
 
 Between . 
 
 X^Mogul s i!.mp5re. 
 
 On the N. of Pew'w. /w^m Gangetn. 
 
 In Peninfula Indi& intra Gangem. 
 
 Reaching from E. to W. of all Ajta.^ 
 
 In the Ifland of Ceylon. 
 
 Remark- 
 
Part I. 
 
 Land and Water, 
 
 47 
 
 /" Monies Jjbyc'i- 
 \^ Alius- '' 
 
 a 
 
 <u 
 
 / Monies Lun&- 
 yTenerife- 
 
 •| ( The ApalachinUHls 
 \^^jJThe Andes. 
 
 ^between Zaam and :Egypt. 
 
 intheW.of 'l^^;^7- 
 
 _J Btledtilgertd. 
 
 c! in the N. of the AbJJijne Emp. 
 
 - Under the Eq. in the fame Em. 
 
 Between Xf jIT^^f^W^^. 
 J Monomoiapa. 
 
 In the Ifland of Tenerife. 
 P \Iloridn. 
 between ^j-ermCamdenJIs, 
 yjn S. Amer,xxivin. from S. to N. 
 
 §. 7. 0/ OCEANS. 
 
 ^ f The Hyperioreanl^ T 
 ^ \The vaft fff/iferw J 
 
 Ocean 
 
 ' Tartar i an' 
 
 I China— 
 Indian- 
 Perfian — ' 
 Arabick- 
 
 E^rofe on the *^ 
 
 North. 
 Weft. 
 
 > Ocean 
 
 r North. 
 A[ia oh the < Eaft. 
 
 I^South. 
 
 C Oriental 
 Ethiopick >Ocean- — 
 N {^Atlantic j 
 
 I rVaft Eajlernl 
 ^ |_The PacifickS 
 
 Ocean- 
 
 §. 8. 
 
 rEaft. 
 
 Africa on the < South. 
 
 X-Weft. 
 
 America on the<^^^ 
 
 Baliick Sea- 
 
 German Sea ■ 
 
 ■til I 
 
 In/; Sea ■ 
 
 c 
 
 Mediterranean Sea 
 
 ^ CSwedeland ("Wy 
 
 with< Poland in part >onthe<^ E. 
 
 Gem/jwy in part J \s. 
 
 with SScmdinavia--~t j f E 
 
 \ Britain J "^^ ) W. 
 
 . , f Britain ) . TE. 
 
 "^''^1 Ireland- tl^^i W. 
 
 . y Europe— 
 "^''n Barbara 
 
 }on the{^' 
 
 I • u fp^^^ of Europe on") N.andW. 
 f^Euxine Sea ^ [^witn <^^^^ ^y/^ J>s_ 3,^^ 
 
 The Seas in the other three Parts of the World, are different Parts 
 of the Ocean [except Mare Cafpium in Afia'\ varioufly nam'd ac- 
 cording as they lie adjacent to different Countries. 
 
 §. 9, Of 
 
4$ 
 
 Land and Water. 
 
 Part L 
 
 §. 9' Of GULES. 
 
 Sims Botn'icHs — — 
 Sinus Fimictis — 
 
 |L ^ Sinus Admticus — 
 
 I Gulf of Lions 
 
 Gulf of Tarentum 
 
 -Gulf of LepantO' — 
 \FerJtan Gulf- 
 
 ^ Northward-^ j^^^ S,^Mand. 
 Eailward r 
 
 N.W.betweenflf^^^- . ^ , 
 XJTurkey in Europe. 
 
 N. into the S. of France. 
 
 N. W. into the S. of Italy. 
 
 Gulf of Bengal — 
 In Africa is the Ara-1 
 him Gulf- — J 
 
 . bX3 
 C 
 
 (L) 
 
 W. between 
 
 "Gulf of Mexico-^ 
 
 Button's Bay 
 
 Baffin's Bay 
 
 §. 10. Of STRAIT'S. 
 
 E.N.E.betwcen ^f/"'' 
 I Morea. 
 
 N.W. between ^^^-^''f: 
 
 I Arabia. ^ 
 
 N hefw S^eninjAndiA intral - 
 
 N.W. between^ ^f"!- ^ 
 / Africa. 
 
 Florida. 
 Terra Firma. 
 
 S.W.betweenX^^'*''^ cW^«,/?j. 
 
 l_Terra Aratca. 
 i^N: W. into Terr^ Arnica. 
 
 /' Straits of Dover — 
 I Straits of the Sound 
 \ Straits of Gibr alter 
 ^ y Straits of Caffa 
 • % 'Yrhracian Bofphorus— 
 
 ^ J The Hellefpont 
 
 f Veer of MiJJina 
 
 Boke of Corfica 
 
 Straits of the Sund. 
 Straits of Ormus — 
 
 In Africa is Babelmandel 
 
 % r Hudfon's Straits 
 
 S < Fretum Davis — — . 
 1^ (^M<»ge//^/c^ Straits- 
 
 rc r 
 
 The Ger. Ocean to the fwf. Channel. 
 The Danifh to the Baltick Sea. 
 TheMedit. to the Wefietn Ocean. 
 Falus MjLOtis to Fnntus Euxinus. 
 Pontus Euxims to the Propontis. 
 Propontis to the Archipelagus. 
 One part of the Mediter. to another. 
 One part of the Mediter. to another. 
 
 The Indian and Faftern Ocean. 
 The Perfian Gulf to the S. Ocean. 
 
 The Red Sea to tTie E. Ocean. 
 
 Button's Bay to the E. Ocean. 
 Baffin's Bay to the E. Ocean. 
 The Vaft E. and W. Ocean. 
 
Part t LM and Water, 
 
 1^ 
 
 Confiance ^• 
 
 •7! Geneva-' 
 
 Wmander-mere— 
 tVittles-mere — 
 
 iJefs 
 
 Lomond 
 
 Tayle — . — . 
 Neagh— • — 1 
 Earn -* — — 
 
 Of LAKES. 
 
 ►Eaftern part of Swedeland, 
 
 ^Weftern part of Smdelmd. 
 
 Corns mmm 
 
 Kithack 
 Kithay - ■ 
 Piex -— 
 Tai- 
 
 p 
 
 ^ Wellei-n part of Mofcovia. 
 
 ^Southern part of Germany. 
 
 North of England} viz. JVeftmorlandi : 
 Middle of England, Viz. Hmmgdotijhi 
 Northern 1 ' r „ , , 
 Southern j-P^' ''^Scotland. 
 
 Northern") 
 
 Northern v. ^ c t . ' 
 Northern P''*^^^''^^^"''- 
 Middle 3 
 
 "^■^^^ Chiamy-^ 
 Ajlamar» 
 
 Babacombar • 
 Burgian — _ 
 \^Affhattis 
 
 ^ Elbuciara — 
 
 Lifya ~s 
 
 Guard 
 
 Borno — — — 
 
 Niger 
 
 ^^'^ Aquilunda — 
 Sachaf— ^ 
 
 Zambre 
 Zaflan— 
 
 <{ North ^ 
 ' North Spart of Tartarf, 
 Middle J 
 
 ^Eaftern part of China. 
 
 Northern part of Indid. 
 
 Northern 
 
 Northern Vpart of TerJJa: 
 Middle J 
 
 South part of Valeftine, 
 
 'J 
 
 Weftern part of Egypt. 
 Middle part of Zaara. 
 Middle 1 , . , , 
 Eaftern J'P^'^^^^^.?''^^'''''^' 
 
 North V , 
 
 Middle >of Ithlir'M Interior. 
 
 South J 
 
 ^South' pa: t of Ethiopia Exterior 
 ^. Afneric4 
 
50 
 
 Land and Water. Part I. 
 
 ' Nicaragua ■ 
 Mexico--^ 
 
 ' Varitne — • 
 Titiciica — 
 
 Eupma or Xaxaius 
 Iroquois--'- 
 
 Eaft part of Terra Firma. 
 South part of Teru. 
 North part of Paraguay. 
 South part of Terra Canailenfs^. 
 
 12. Of RIVE RS. 
 Thoje of Europe. 
 
 Swe'ikl'aWd 
 are 
 
 Dalcarle'^ 
 I Kimi — 
 TornO' — 
 
 ...W^ — 
 Denmark\^onc rc- 
 
 NoTTvay— j markable 
 
 'Volga- 
 Don— 
 ^ XjDrv'ma- 
 
 Unknown — — ~} 
 
 Unknown 
 
 Unknown 
 
 Unknown — 
 
 ^ Eaftw; 
 
 Rha---— 
 
 Tanais — 
 
 Sein 
 Loir ' 
 Rhofne — 
 Garome 
 
 Unknown 
 
 Sequana -- 
 Ligeris-- 
 
 Danube > 
 
 Scheld — 
 \Maes — 
 ^ Rhine- 
 \Elm— 
 'Wefer- 
 
 nbe^ 
 
 Oder. 
 
 'Nieper' 
 Niejler- 
 
 Rhbdanus 
 
 Garumna - — • 
 
 Dmubius or ifter 
 ScMdis - • 
 Mofa-' 
 
 Rhenus— • • - 
 Amajlusm -i ■ 
 Vifurgis - ' 
 Albis, 
 
 E. t. S. 
 E.t.W. 
 N. W. 
 
 ^Vifiule^ 
 Niemen- 
 
 Odera or Viadrus 
 
 Borifihenes— 
 
 Tyras"- ' 
 Hypanis-' 
 Unknown — — 
 Unknown — — 
 ^^Unknown— — ^ 
 
 Spain 
 
Part I, Land md Water] 
 
 "Ebro' 
 Xitcar^- 
 
 ' Guadalquivir ■ 
 
 I Guadim 
 
 Tago — — 
 Douro- 
 
 In European Turfy is 
 the Danube. 
 
 'Toy- 
 ^ Cly de 
 Spey - 
 
 Don — 
 
 Iberus— 
 Sucro — • 
 BAtis — - 
 ■Anas — • 
 Tagtis —. 
 Durius - - 
 
 Eridanus or ?adus 
 Athefis -.- 
 Arnus- - - 
 Tiber is-' — 
 Vulturms 
 
 S Ddnnbius or Jjler 
 
 Tausmm 
 
 Glotta- 
 Speia 
 
 rai Dom— - ' S ^ 
 
 cT* ^^^^ - , 
 
 /* Thames ■ .i. 
 k Severn—-' 
 
 J J \Trenff 
 ^ 7V»g ~ 
 
 W jTwede^ . 
 
 f Medway ^— , 
 
 \^C^«> _ 
 
 'shannon - »- 
 Zee 
 
 , Barrow 
 
 Thamefis— 
 Sabrin a ■ m 
 
 Tina- 
 Tuefis - 
 Vaga — 
 Camus - 
 
 fVre X 
 \Trigima j 
 
 Sauranus—i^mmmm.^ 
 
 Avenmore—,^-^ 
 Birgus-m 
 
 l^Buvinda, Beina — , 
 
 S. W. 
 
 W. in its 
 main B. 
 
 >• 
 
 w. 
 
 >• 
 
 E. 
 
 N. ,W. 
 N. 
 
 E. 
 
 S.W. 
 
 E (ma. B» 
 E. 
 
 N.tur.E; 
 N. 
 
 S.W. 
 E. 
 
 E. tu. s; 
 s. 
 
 N.Ev 
 
 } 
 
52 
 
 ^\ Ochftrdfts — 
 S <! Tartar 
 
 {jChefel • 
 
 1 X Crocus ' 
 
 ^•^\Kimg " 
 
 ^ r Ganges- — 
 
 ■•^ < Guenga 
 
 l^Indus 
 
 Land and JVater, Part. !. 
 
 Thofe of Afia. 
 
 Margus — 
 Unknown - 
 Unknown— 
 Unkiiown- - 
 Lazartus -• 
 
 Unknown- 
 Unknown - 
 
 Idem • 
 
 Not remarkable -■ 
 
 E. 
 W. 
 
 C tuirnings 
 E. various 
 E. 
 
 S. 
 E. 
 
 'Abijtmus-— 
 Paiimalori'^ 
 
 f lltnent 
 
 iBeridimor-— J 
 'Tiriti- — — 
 _Syri—-' 
 
 >^ CTegel 
 
 •^^lFrat-—j 
 
 Idem 
 
 c 
 
 Oxus 
 
 c 
 
 > i <; s. w. 
 
 Not remarkable — - 
 
 Arabs— 
 
 Bagradast Agradatus — 
 ZuleusjChaoffe-s, Hydafpes 
 AraxeS) Arafes-- " ' ■ ' 
 
 Tigris . 
 
 Euphrates' 
 
 W. 
 
 E. 
 
 S. 
 
 s. w. 
 
 S. E. 
 
 In Egypt Is the J<!He-- 
 ff-CGu/Hdilbairbii'ra-' 
 
 Thofe of Africa. 
 
 rNiltts- 
 
 :2 
 
 \ Origin or > , , - 
 ^ (^Branches of Glr 
 
 Guadilbarb^ra 
 \or • 
 
 — \ 
 
 Bagradas,Maera 
 Ritbricus — ■ 11 ■■ 
 
 N. 
 
 i <: 
 
 In Zmra is the Body of Gir—-- 
 ' . la ]Slegroelan4 is the Niger 
 
 N. 
 
 t>c J Not remarkable\'S /I 
 p U *^ ^ot remarkable \ _> W 
 
 Giras- 
 Giras^ 
 Idem- 
 
 'S. E. 
 S. E. 
 
Part I. 
 
 «^ r Sweria de Cojla— — — . 
 |< 
 
 '3 ( Rivere de Volta ■ 
 
 In Nu6ia is the KivcrNuiia. 
 
 Land and Water, 
 
 Not remarkable 
 Not remarkable 
 
 53 
 
 " Za,lre — ■ 
 I Coannes ■ 
 Exterior <d R.de Infmto— 
 3 \ ) Zntnbre 
 
 R. de Spirim S, 
 
 Not remarkable 
 
 . -g 1 Unknown- - 
 <; j Unknown— 
 ' Unknown--—-' 
 Unknown— — 
 Unknown—— 
 
 ■S. 
 
 N, E. 
 
 Nilus— 
 
 Interior is '^ile its main Bodyj 
 
 I'hofe of America. 
 In New Spain none remarkable' — 
 
 CN. Granada is Rio del Nort. Unknown 
 (^Florida is Rio del Spiritu S. Unknown 
 =^ ^The great River Canada - 
 
 S. E. 
 S. E. 
 S. E. 
 
 \ The ConneclicHt—- 
 i J Hudfon's River—— ' 
 
 0 Rivere de la Ware- 
 
 1 / The Sefquahana — 
 CThe Fatomeck 
 
 In Terra ArciicH none. 
 
 ^ f R. de Paria or Orinoquo- 
 
 I \R.de f Madeline 
 
 \ S.Martha 
 
 <; 
 
 S. Francis — 
 Tarama 
 
 Ip Amazonia is the Amazone-l 
 with its Branches —J^ 
 
 Unknown 
 Unknown 
 Unknown 
 Unknown 
 Unknown 
 Unknown I W) 
 
 Unknown 
 Unknown 
 Unknown 
 
 Unknown 
 Unknown 
 Unknown 
 Unknown 
 
 Unknown j 
 
 N. 
 
 N. E. 
 
 N. 
 E. 
 
 S. W. 
 
 N. E, 
 
 In 
 
?4 
 
 Lmd and Water, Part. I. 
 
 'Teru none remarkable — 
 
 i Paraguay is Rio de la Tlata-- ^ \ .= / 
 
 In < Chili none confiderable S.H < Unknown >"§ < S. E. 
 
 \ Terra Magellanic al^^^^ 
 Terra uintarBica- ^ 
 
 Thefe are the moft remarkable Rivers in the "World, as alfo their 
 old Names, and how they run j which Rivers wHll be found very ne- 
 cef&ry for the better underftanding of xht Second Fart cf this Trea- 
 tife, wherein we defign to view all remarkable Countries in their Sir 
 tuation, Extent, Bivifiony and Subdivifwns, and m.ore-efpecially thofe 
 of Europe. But, lince moft of thofe Rivers above-mention'd* belong- 
 ing to the Continent of Europe, do confift of ieveral confiderablt? 
 Branches very neceflary to be known j we fhall rehearfe fuch Ri- 
 vers, and annex to each of them their principal Branches, all which 
 may be readily found by Travelling from the Mouth of the Reivers 
 towards thdr Heads. Therefore 
 
 rr 
 
 •f3 
 
 •I 
 
 Tiwm are 
 
 { 
 
 Wama- 
 Juga — 
 
 Volga are 
 
 (V Oyfe- 
 
 Seine are < Mam 
 
 {jTorme-'^ 
 
 S. 
 
 N.E. 
 
 "Is.w. 
 
 I 
 
 n 
 
 Mayenne''-^ j S- 
 
 , Le Sarte— • I ~} 
 
 jLeLoir' 3 
 
 Loire are C 
 
 j Indre — 
 
 ' Le Chere 
 
 Allier - 
 
 rJDxranee 
 
 Bhofne are v Ifire- 
 X^Saone 
 
 TDardonne 
 Garome^rcZ Lot 
 
 1. 
 
 \T(ime- 
 
 S.W, 
 
 ■N. W, 
 
5*5 
 
 Land and Water. 
 
 C Wartft — 
 Oder are < Bober •— 
 {JVefirltz, 
 
 ^ Diana-. 
 
 Vifiul is the Bugg • — 
 Hiemen is the Vilnet 
 
 C Segra — 
 
 <GMega. 
 
 . . CXenil- 
 
 o 
 
 Guitdima are none remarkable 
 
 SZdtas • 
 Zez,er- 
 
 CTonroes- 
 Douro are< Tormes- 
 
 Arlmz,a- 
 
 N/eJierare'^p^^^^-^^^^ or Perepns ' 
 
 Part I. 
 
 r w. 
 
 ' N. 
 N. E. 
 
 S. W, 
 N.E. 
 
 N. turn W. 
 W. 
 
 Po are 
 
 bgUo . . ~M 
 
 Addit ' .m 
 
 iTefino ■»■ . 
 
 'Tamro [running r Bormida 
 E. turiung N.< 
 
 augmented by i^Smra 
 
 Sejia- 
 
 Dora Baited' 
 Adige is Bachtglione — 
 
 Amo are ^'^l^^ 
 
 \_Sieve 
 
 Tiber are < JVem- 
 
 ^ iVoltufm, its chief Branche is i'/*^*?^^ 
 
 S. W. 
 S. E. 
 
 : s \v. 
 
 N. E. 
 
 s. w. 
 
 W. 
 
 5 J 
 
 } 
 
 N. W. 
 S. W. 
 
 S. E. 
 N. 
 
 N.E. 
 
 E. 
 
 S. 
 N. W. 
 
 E.turn. S. 
 
 W. 
 S. W 
 S. E. 
 W. 
 
 Theft 
 
Part II. Land and Water, $7 
 
 Thefe are al! the remarkable Branches of the chief Rivers on the 
 Continent of Europe. And thus we are come to a Period, not only, of 
 thisSediion, but alfo of the Firftpartof this Treatife^ having now 
 perform'dthofe five Things at firfl: propos'd, which was to entertain 
 the Reader with fome Geographical Definitions, Problems, Theorems, 
 and Faradoxes; as alio a Traniient Survey of the whole Surface; of 
 the Terraqueous Globe; as it confifts of Land and Water . And fo 
 jnuch for a General View thereof. Now fWloweth, 
 
 Part 
 
si 
 
 Part 11. 
 
 Modern Geography. 
 
 Part II. 
 
 Comprehending a 
 
 PARTICULAR VIEW 
 
 0 F T H B 
 
 Terraqueous GLOBE, 
 
 |Y a Farticular FiVn? of the Terraqueous Globe, wc 
 ■ underftand a clear and exadt Profpeft oK all remarka- 
 ble Countries on the Face of the whole Earth, accor- 
 ding as they are repreiented by particular Geograpliical 
 Mapsi asalfoa true and compendious Narrative of 
 the chief Obfervables relating either to them or their Inhabitants : 
 Ah which may be chiefly reduc'd to thefe folfowin? Heads 5 viz,, 
 their 
 
 Situation, 
 
 Extent, 
 
 Divijioriy 
 
 Suidivifion, 
 
 ChiefTojtmSf 
 
 Name^ 
 
 Air, 
 Soil, 
 
 Commodities, 
 Rarities, 
 Archbifliopricks, 
 BiJJ}opricks, 
 
 Uniuerjities, 
 
 Manners, 
 
 Language, 
 
 Government, 
 
 Arms, 
 
 Religion. 
 
 Intakif^fuch a Profpea: of all remarkable Countries, wefliall hz- 
 gin with and travel through the various Divifions thereof m 
 
 the ftmc Order as they are fet down ( pag, 44,.) Therefore 
 
 CHAp^ 
 
Back of 
 Foldout 
 Not Imaged 
 
Part II. 
 
 59 
 
 Chap- I. 
 Of EURO P E. 
 
 The Continent of Europe being divided 
 (Pa^e 44.; into VIII, Great Parts. 
 
 C Swedeland 
 iScanlimabia < Denmark 
 ^Norway 
 
 Hrgofcotjia or Ruffia 
 
 f ranee ~— • 
 
 ^Stockholm. 
 Copenhagen* 
 
 '0 
 
 Oh 
 
 u 
 
 j^<(<aermaiip — = 
 
 ©olanti • 
 
 ftalp — — 
 
 ^'^Urfeep in Europe j [ConJIaminople. 
 
 To thefeadd the European Iflands. The chief of which 
 
 {.Great Britain7(j ? r^Ur^r^ r^i^^ < London. 
 are< o.y^''^^''^ i Edinburgh. 
 
 I Ireland- >jcj SThat of Dublin. 
 
 Bergen. 
 Mojcow. 
 Pari^. 
 )>H<J Vienna. 
 Cracow. 
 Madrid. 
 j Rome. 
 
 Of all thefe in their proper Places. 
 
 SECT. 
 
^0 
 
 Part II. 
 
 S E C T. I. 
 Concerning if>fan?iinatJ|a, 
 
 D. M. 
 
 ^ between^ ^of Long \ 
 
 Miles 
 
 of Long ^ I ^Length is about 
 7f p6\°^^^^- )^ ^Breadth is about 840 
 Pivided into the Kingdoms , of Denmark > ;j Cofenhagen. 
 
 CSwedelancn f4 C Stockholm. 
 f< Denmark Cofenhagej 
 {^Norway JU I^Bergefz. 
 
 Scxnia — — — . 
 
 Gothland 
 
 Swedeland ^ ^'^'^jeland pop. 
 
 compre-/ — 
 
 hends. 
 
 " Ingria- — -— — . 
 
 Livonia — . 
 
 Denmark^ y^''^^''!'^ 
 
 ^Lmden — 
 Calmar- - 
 Stockholm 
 Tonnia— — 
 
 •from S, to N 
 
 > Abo 
 
 i^H <^ Notteborg br~7 "' 
 ■ • orefo — f i>from S. to N- 
 Riga ~ — 
 
 Dmijh Iflands — 
 
 Slefvick "7 
 
 JJopenhagen — J 
 
 from W. to E. 
 
 Norway comprehends five Goyernments. Of which hereafter. 
 More particularly, 
 
 ii. 1. SWEDELAND. 
 
 Scania cont^ms r Halland-) f Helmfiaf -1 ^ 
 
 the Provinces <^ Bleking J>Ch. Town< ChriLnJlat f^" ^° ^' 
 X^SchonenJ • ^ j J. J J 
 
 Vermelandia 
 Gothland contains "^^^^^'^ 
 
 IjLmden, Southward. 
 
 I rcarolfiadt ^ N. to S. in 
 . P ) I>debnrge - \ the Weft- 
 the Provinces ofS^-^'"''-^'''"'^ >i[\Gotte»6urge J part. 
 
 Ofirogotha - ( o ) Norkbping — ? N. to S. in 
 S^alandi^- )^ (^Calmar J thcE.-part. 
 
 Swedeland 
 
A Kew Map of 
 
 SCANDINAVIA 
 
 THE 
 
 TST O RT H 
 
 A 
 
 Sea 
 
Back of 
 Foldout 
 Not Imaged 
 
Part 11. 
 
 ScAndinavial 
 
 6i 
 
 f Sudermmin- 
 
 Nericia 
 
 Wefimmia — 
 
 , , ,^ Uplandia — 
 
 SweJclam If ro^cr- 
 
 lyfocall'd] con- I cefiricia — 
 tains the Provm-<i jy^^i^^.u^... 
 
 ces ot 
 
 Heljingtn 
 
 MedeLpandia--' 
 
 \^Angermanm(i" 
 
 r XJmet'Lupmurk— 
 Laplmd contains N Fitha-Lapmark- 
 the Provinces <!Lul0-Lapm/irk— 
 of • ) Tornia-Lapmark- 
 
 {jiimi-Lupmark— 
 
 i ' Nikopiti -"^ ■ 
 
 Orebro — 
 
 Arofen— 
 
 ^ JT Upfal and ^ 
 ^ {^Stockholm- I o 
 Geval 
 
 ■ c 
 o 
 
 Hedemore ~— i— . 
 Hadfwickwalt-^ 
 Selmger-*^-—* 
 Rejfundt .11 
 Hernofmd — — 
 
 XJma, 
 Yitha, 
 Lula 
 Tomia- 
 
 Finland contains 
 the PFOvinces of 
 
 Ingrla contains the 
 Provinces of 
 
 Cajmia — — 
 N. T'mlund' 
 iTavaftid-— 
 Savolntxia - 
 Kexholmia- 
 Creiiet' 
 
 Nyletndia — 
 
 6". Finland 
 
 Ingria propria — 
 
 Ingermanin — — 
 Solouski- ■ 
 
 Lttoniet contains tht^ LettcnUhd ■ 
 Provinces of- — \E(iJll(tnd — 
 
 Cajeneburgh upon the 
 Bierneberge — ) 
 Tftvufius—'^ C W.to 
 
 mjlet- — TE. , 
 
 Kexhorlm-~-m j 
 Wiborg' — 
 Borgo ■ 
 Abo. 
 
 Orefca, or 
 Notteberg- 
 Caperio — - 1 
 Juamgmt 
 
 N.to 
 S. W. 
 
 Riga 
 X^Narva. 
 
 -7 8. to 
 
 i N. 
 
 Being divided into 
 
 2. DENMARK. 
 
 'The ?eninfula of Juitknd. 
 
 The Banijlo Iflands. 
 
 The Veninfula of rNorth>>/^«^l ^hief Town ^f^/'^l 
 Jmthnd com-< South Jmtland J t Slefwick . 
 
 prchends \p. of Holjlein [of which in Lomr Saxony. 
 
 Juitlmd 
 
€2. 
 
 Scandinavia, 
 
 PartIL 
 
 5 
 
 *'Sorth com- 1 
 prebends 
 the DioceA' 
 'fo of 
 
 So/^rA com- 
 prehends 
 _ the Prefe- 
 ■^ures of 
 
 AaUorgh—'^ 
 )Wi^Hrgh — { 
 I Arhufen — 
 
 Ripen- 
 
 Hederfeve 
 
 Appenrade 
 I Tiensborge 
 
 Gotorpe 
 I Tendere 
 
 Hufum 
 
 lyderjlede _ 
 
 a 
 ! ^ 
 
 f Idem 
 
 Idem 
 
 Aarhfts — - 
 Idem- 
 
 "from N. to S. 
 
 Idem ?fromN.toiup^ 
 
 > on the Baltick 
 
 Slefi,ick—\ 
 
 Idem ") _ , 
 
 Idem C N. to S. upon the 
 
 TonningenS 
 
 The chief of the Danijh Ifknds are Zedand, Fmen, 2cc. 
 which hereafter, when we come to treat of Iflands. 
 
 Of 
 
 §. 3. NO R IV AT. 
 
 Divided into 
 the Go vernments^< 
 of 
 
 'Bahusi 
 ] Agger Us — 
 
 Ber genus — 
 • Bronthemus — I 
 
 Wardus 
 
 Idem— 
 Agger - 
 Bergen— — 
 jj ) Brothem — 
 ^ Idem— 
 
 >S. to N. E. 
 
 This vaft Continent of 'Scandinavia comprehending (as aforefaid ) 
 three diftindt Kingdoms, 'viz.. thofe of Sweden, Denmark and Norway. 
 Of eachof -theft feparately, and in their Order. Therefore, 
 
 §. 1. SWE DEN. 
 
 li^Atnt.] iDWeden [formerly Suecia, part of Ancient Scandinavia ; 
 
 O and now bounded on the Eaft by Mofcovia, on the Weft 
 and North by Norway ; on the South by the Sound and part of the Bal- 
 tickl is term'd by the Italians, Suez.ia j by the Spaniards, Suedia , 
 by the French, Suede ; by the Germans, Schweden ; and by the Englijh, 
 Sweden or Srpedeland i fo called from its ancient Inhabitants the 
 wnes, Suevi or Suethidi, with the Addition of Land for Termination. 
 
 Hit.] The Air of this Country is generally very Cold, but (if not 
 too nigh fbme Lake or Marfhj very pure and wholefbmej yea, fo 
 hcdthfiil to breathe in, that many of its Inhabitants do frequently live 
 
Part II. 
 
 Scandinavia, 
 
 to an hundred Years, efpecially they whaabftain from exceflive drink- 
 ing, a thing too much pra£tis'd by many of them. The Antipodes 
 to this People, or the oppolite Place of the Globe of Sroedelmd, 
 is that part of the vaft Pacifick Ocean, comprehended between the 
 ipid and 2izth Degrees of Longitude, with SS-l° ^^'^ 70 Degrees 
 of South Latitude. 
 
 ^OU.] The5oi/of this'Country (it lying in the 9th, loth, nth, 
 and 1 2th Northern Climates^ is not very fruitful, but yet, where Ifcfs 
 fertile in Corn, that difadvantage is recompens'd with toleiable Pa- 
 fturage : However, it produceth as much Grain as 'fufficiently ier- 
 vcth its Inhabitants : Its numerous Lakes are very wdl ftor'd with 
 ▼arious kinds of Fifl^es. Its Mountains are generally covered over 
 with Trees, and fevcral of them lin'd with confiderable Mines of 
 Tin, Brafs, Iron and Copper, efpecially the two lafl, and -that be- 
 yond any other Country in Europe ; befides in IVijimm'in is alWine of 
 Silver. The longeft Day in the Northmofl: pai't of this Country is 
 about two Months ( the Sttn being fb long 'without fetting When 
 near the Summer Solftice.) The flidrteft in the Southrnoft is a- 
 bout 6 Hours i-, and the Nights proportionably. 
 
 ComtnotSitiCS.] The chief Commodities this Country are Me- 
 tals, Ox-hides, Goat-skins, Buck-skins, and coftly FuPs, Pine-trces> 
 Fir-trees, Oaks, Tallow, Tar, Honey, and fuch like. 
 
 4lSatit(efi.] The chief Rarities of this Country may be redkon'd 
 thefe following, "viz,. ( i .) Two publick Clocks of admirable Work" 
 manfhip; one belonging to the Cathedral Church oiXJpfal; the o- 
 ther to that of St. Laurence in Lunden, eipecially the latter, which 
 ( fuppos'd to be the Work of Gafper Bartholims ) fliews not only the 
 Day, Hour and Minute, but -alfo all the remarkable Motions ot the 
 Coeleftiai Bodies, with all Feftivals, both fix'd and moveable, and ie- 
 yeral other pleafantCuriofities. (2.) A few Leagues fvom Gotteniurg 
 is SL dreadful CtttaraB, with a confiderable Current, which runs a 
 long way out of the Country, and, coming at laft to a hideous Preci- 
 pice, rufheth down from thence into a low Pit, with a mighty force 
 and terrible nolle j and , whereas the Natives ufually bring down their 
 Floats of Timber by that Current ; fuch is the height of the afore- 
 faid Precipice, and To deep is the Pit into which the Water falls, that 
 large Mafts, when hurried down by the impetuous Stream from that 
 Precipice into the Pit, do frequently dive fb far under Water, that 
 'tis a confiderable time before they rife up to the Surface thereof again j 
 fbme of 'em being 20 Minutes, others 40, and fbmc upwards of a 
 whole Hour under Water. If it be alledg'd that the Mafts may proba- 
 bly ftick faft into the Mud for fbme time; to takeoff that Objedtion, 
 Pit into which they fall has been often founded with a Line of 
 
 many 
 
"<^4 Scandinavid. Part IL 
 
 many hundred Fathoms long, but never could they reach the bot- 
 tom, (i .) Towards the Southern part of Gothland is a remarkable Sli- 
 my Lake which linges fuch things as are put into it. (4.) In feve- 
 ral parts of Sweden is found a certain Stone, which, being of a Yellow 
 Colour, intermixt with fcveral Streaks of White, ( as if compos'd of 
 Gold and Silver) affords both Sulphur, Vitriol, Alum, and Minium, 
 (f .) Some write of a Lake in Lapland, which hath as many lilands 
 ■in it, as there are Days in the Year. 
 
 ' ^rct)bt(l)0pj(cfej3;.] ArchbifliOpricks belonging to Swede?}, are Tv/o, 
 uizi. thoie of 
 
 Upfal Riga. 
 ^5tQ)Op|iCb0. ] Bifhopricks in this Kingdom are eight, tiiz,. thofc 
 
 of 
 
 Gottenburg, Wexioc, L'mdkoping, Aho. 
 
 Strengues, Lunden, Scaren, W'lburg, 
 
 ^ntt)CtSttC0.] Univerlities eftablilh'd here, afe Two, njiz., tho/e 
 
 -of 
 
 Vp[ah -^^0. 
 
 ^^annetf. ] The Sresdes (for the mofl: part) are Men of big and 
 fbrong Bodies ; Men, whoft very Conftitution doth fit them to be 
 Soldiers. This Nation has been noted in the World for feveral War- 
 like Atchivements, and is ftill able to endure the Fatigues of a Mili- 
 tary Life 5 yet their Military Affairs in former times were but very 
 indiflferently ordered, their chiefeft Force conlifting in the Boors, 
 "till Guflavus and his Succeflbrs, with the Aififtance of fome Scotch 
 and German Officers, introduc'd good Difcipline among the com- 
 mon Soldiers. Their Gentry are much given to Hofpitality, very 
 affable and civil to Strangers, and many of them become confider- 
 able Proficients in feveral Arts and Sciences. The Commons are ge- 
 nerally efteemed good Merchanicks, but look'd upon by all, as too 
 much addifted to Lazinefs in point of improving their Country, by 
 not cutting down many unnecelfary Forefts, and improving their 
 Ground to better ad\'antage. 
 
 iLangUagc] The5awieifpeakaDiale(aofthere»fo»/Vt, which is 
 fbmewhat different from that us'd in Denmark and Upper Germany. 
 Perfons of Quality undcrftand and {^eakxhc High German Language in 
 its Native Purity. The Finlanders have a peculiar Gibberifti of their 
 own. For a Specimen of the Swedifj Tongue, we lhall here iiibjoin 
 the Lord's Prayer in that Language, intending to oblerve the fame 
 . Method 
 
Part II. Scandinavia, 65 
 
 thod in treating of all other Languages in Europe. Their Tater 
 Nojler runs thus, Fadher war fom eji ibimlem ; helghat roarde tiett 
 namyn, till komme tkt ricke, skee timeilie fa comi himmelen, f(t ock 
 pi> jordenne. -ccian dagUha 6rodiffi>z i dagh j och forlat ofz. warn 
 skuld, fa fom ock -aforlate them cfz. skyldighe aro Och in leedh ofzt 
 ickei frejielfe nth^m feels ofzifa ondo. Amen. 
 
 (S^Obetnmcnt.] The Kingdom of Swedeland having fuffered various 
 turns of Fortune, being frequently difturb'd by the adjacent Nations, 
 at laft got rid of them all, and, becoming terrible to others, fpread it 
 felf over a conliderable part of its Neighbour's Territories. At pre- 
 ient 'tis fiibjedl unto, and go vern'd by its own Monarch, who, iince 
 the laft Age, is not only Hereditary, but by the late tui n of Affairs in 
 his Country, hath alfo attained unto, and now exercileth fuch a 
 Power over the Subjedf, that the iame is really aftonifhing to any 
 confiderable Per/bn, who looks back unto the State of that Kino-dom, 
 only a few Years ago. He is indeed a powerful Prince both by Sea 
 and Land, ( efpecially the latter ) and always keeps in pay a great 
 number of Forces ; and that with a very fmall Charge to himfelf. 
 For the common Soldiers and Seamen are maintained by the Boors, 
 and Officers (for the molt par tj are put in PoflelTion of fbme Farms 
 of the Crown-Lands, whoie Revenues ferve for their pay ; his Guards 
 only are the greateft and moft immediate Charge unto him, they 
 being paid out of his Trcafury. He is ftil'd King of the Sytfedes, 
 Goths and Vandals : Grand Prince of Finland, Duke of Ejionia and 
 Carelia, and Lord of Ingria, 8cc. The different Orders in this Realm ' 
 are Six, viz,. Princes of the Blood, the Nobility, Clergy^ Soldiery, Mer- 
 chantry, and Commonalty. Thefe, by their Reprefentatives being 
 afTembled in Parliament, make four different Houfes, -viz.. i. That 
 of the Nobility, where the Grand Mar/hal prefides. 2. That of the 
 Clergy, where the Archbifhop of Upfal prefides. 3. That of the Bur^ ' 
 gejfes, where one of the Confus of Stockholm prefides. And laftly. That 
 of the Knights of the Shire, where one of their own Number eledted ' 
 by themfelves prefides. Chief Courts eflabiifh'd in this Kingdom, 
 are thefe Five, 'viz.. {1.) That commonly called the King's Chamber, 
 defign'd for the Decifion of all Cafes happening between the Nobi- • 
 lity. Senators, or any of the publick Officers 5 and here the King is 
 (at leaft, ought to fit as) Prefident. (z.) The Court Martial, in 
 which all Matters relating to War are determined ; and here the Grand 
 Marfhalof the Army is Prefident. (3.) The Court of Chancery, in 
 which Edidls, Mandates, CommifTions, and fuch like, are made out 
 in the King's Name ; and here the Chancellor of the Kingdom is Pre- 
 fident. (4.) The Court of Admiralty in which all Bufinefs relating 
 to Maritime Affairs are tranfadfed ; and here the High Admiral is Pre- 
 fident, Laftly, The Court of Exchequer, ia. which all Matters concern- 
 
 G ing 
 
66 
 
 Scandinavia! 
 
 Part tL 
 
 ing the puUick Revenue are manag'd, and here the Grand Treafurei^ 
 is Prefident. 
 
 ^rntf • ] The Iving of Sweden bears quarterly, In the ^"irft artci 
 Tourth, Azure, three Crowns, Or, two in Chief, and one in Baic, for 
 Swedelmd. In the fecond and third, Barry, Argent and Azure, A 
 Lion, Or, Crown'd Gules, for '^inlmuL Over all quarterly, in the' 
 firft and fourth, Sable, a Lion, Or, Crown'd, arm'd and languidj Gules, 
 for the Palatinate of the Rhi>ie. In the fecond and third. Lozenges, 
 Bendwiie of twenty one pieces, -<^rg■e«/ and Azure, for Bavaria. Fof 
 the Creft, a Crown Royal, adorn'd with eight Flowers, and clos'd by 
 as many Demi-circles, terminating in a Mond-, Or. The Supporters 
 are two Lions, Or, Crown'd of the iamc. And his Motto in thele 
 Words, Domims Frotecior mens. 
 
 IRcltgton.] Zutheranlfm is the eflablifli'd Religion of this Country, 
 being univerfallyprofefs'd by all Orders and Degrees of Men, (except 
 in Livonia, where is a conliderable number of Papifts intermixt j and 
 Lapland, many of whofe Inhabitants are meer Heathens, ufually wor^ 
 fhipping the Sun, Fire, Serpents, and the like ) and that ever fincc tha 
 Days of the Reformation, which was happily effected in this King- 
 dom by G«/2^^'«^ the Firft, upon his Acceffion to the Swedi/Ij Crown, 
 lince which time their Religion hath not been difturb'd from abroad 
 but once, and fince that Difturbance never difl:ra(fted at home by 
 Non-Conformity ; for Perfons of all Ranks, adhering to the Tenets of 
 Luther, give conftant Attendance on Divine Service, and join in the 
 fame manner of Worlhip. Which Uniformity in Religion foms 
 are pleas'd to impute to that effeftual Method, commonly believ'd to 
 |x here taken, and lately propos'd in England, to deter all Romifli 
 Priefts from entring Sweden, [eorumfc. Cajtratio'] and fowing the Seeds 
 of Diffentionamong them.ChriJlianity was firft planted in this Country, 
 A. C. Sap j and that by the care and diligence of Anfgarius ( a Monk 
 of Corvey, and afterwards Archbifliop of Br erne ) lent thither for 
 lhat end by the Emperour Lewis the Bious. 
 
 §. 2. DENMARK. 
 
 ^^ttii' 'r\'Enmarh [form.erly Cimbrica Cherfonefus, apart of Anci- 
 JlM ent Scandinavia; and now bounded on the Eaft, by 
 part of thcBalticki on the Weft, by part of the Gem^w Ocean ; on 
 the North, by the Sound ; and on the South, by part of Germany ] is 
 tcrm'd by the Itf^lians, Dam ; by the Sfmards, V 'mmarca ; by the 
 
Part I* Scandmauid] 6f 
 
 Trench, BenePMrk ; by the High Germans, Henremarh ; and by the 
 Bnglijh, Denmark j fo called from the Bounds and Marches of its Inha- 
 bitants the Danes ; whofe Country, bordering on the Ancient Batavi 
 nnd Saxons, was thereupon call'd Dane-march, which Name in pro- 
 cefs of time was tum'd into thiit of Denmark. 
 
 %iX.'] The Air of this Country is rhuch the fame with thit in the 
 Southern part of Smdeland, it being extremely Cold, but in moft pla- ■ 
 ces very wholefome. The oppoiite place of the Globe to Denmarh 
 is that part of the Pacifick Ocean lying between 189 and 19 3 Degrees 
 of Longitude, with fi^ and ^7.30 Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 ^Ott.J The Soilo^ this Country (it lying in the loth and iitK 
 North Climates ) is very good for Grain and Pafturage. Here is a-" 
 bundance of Fifh, efpecially Herrings, as alfb many wild Fowls, and 
 and moft kinds of wild Beafts. The longeft Day in the Northmoft 
 part is 1 7 Hours \, the fliorteft in the Southmoft is S Hours \, and 
 the Nights proportionably. 
 
 Commotit <e0. ] The chief Commodities of this Coiintry are Fifli, 
 Tallow, Furniture for Ships, Armour, Ox-hides, Buck-skins, Fit" 
 Wood, and Wainfcot, ^c. 
 
 tRartttC0. ] Near to Slefwick (Southv(;-ard) are yet to bc iednthe' 
 Remains of that famous JVall and Trench, made above 880 Years 
 ago by Gotricitis (then King of Denmark) to hinder the Incurlions of 
 ihs Saxons, refemblingibmewhatthePjc?'s?^//inGre;tf-5r/>^/». Be-- 
 tween Wlensburg and Slefwick is a fmall Village, which goes by the 
 Name of Anglen, remarkable in this, that from the faid Village, and 
 Country adjacent, came our Anceftors, the Ancient Angles into 
 Great-Britain. In Gottorp is an admirable Globe of Copper, i o Foot -i 
 Diameter, fb contriv'd by one of the Dukes of Holftein, that (by cer- 
 tain "Wheels turn'd about by Water ) it repreftnts exactly the Motions 
 of the Coeleftial Bodies. As alfo another of fix Foot Diameter, 
 fram'd by Tycho Brahe that famous Danif) Aftronomer, now to be 
 feen with a lively Reprefentation of the Tycho-Brahick Syftem me- 
 chanically contriv'd, and feveral curious Aftronomical Inftruments- 
 in the Round Tomr at Copenhagen : Which Tower it felf is likewife 
 obiervable for its manner of Afcent, being fb contriv'd that a Coach 
 Inay drive up to the Top thereof. But, whereas the chief Curiofi- 
 ties of Denmark may be juftly reckon'd thofe tre^afured up in the 
 Mufmm Regium at Copenhagen i and having had lately an Occalion to 
 view the fame, I humbly pf efume it will not be altogether unaccept- 
 able to the Reader to give Ibme account thereof. 
 
 This excellent Repofitory confifts of 8 different Apartments, and 
 &of« well ftockt wttb *rhat deferves the Obfervation of an inquifitive 
 
 G * Travelled 
 
6S 
 
 Scmd'mavia, 
 
 Part 11. 
 
 Traveller. To run over the Contents of each Apartment, would re- 
 quire a Volume : I fliall therefore reftridt my felf to fuch Curiefaies as 
 are moft obfervable j aud thofe I might fitly reduce to the two Claf- 
 les, -viz,. Nfitural and Artificial. Of Natural Curiofities, there is in- 
 deed in this Muf&um as good a Collc<ftion of all forts, as in moft pub- 
 lick Repofitories ia Europe; there being to be feen in it all remarkable 
 Animals, Birds, Fi/hes, Plants, Minerals, &c. brought thither from moil 
 parts of the known World, But my preftnt delign is not to defcend 
 to Particulars here, fmce the Reader will find an Account of fuch 
 Curiofities, as he travels thro' the various Countries from whence 
 they came, and to whom they Originally belong : Suffice it therefore 
 in this Place to take notice only of the Artificial Rarities of this M^/e- 
 um, the moft remarkable of vvhich arc thefe following, 'via. ( i .) The 
 Feiw^and Arteries of the human Body curioufly reprefented by Iron 
 Ware, all of 'em appearing in their Natural Situation, Bignefs and 
 Colour. (2.) hn Artificial Humane Skeleton* of ivory, admirably 
 well done by a certain Baniflj Mechanick, its Right-hand grafps a 
 large Sythe, the left holds a Sand-Glafs, arid upon the out-fide of the 
 Cafe containing this Curiofity is a Commendatory Copy of Verfes 
 compos'd by the celebrated Anatomifi Thomas Bartholinus. C^.)A live- 
 ly Hiftory of our Saviour's Paflion cut out in Ivory. (4.) An exadl 
 Model of a Ship with her Mafts and Sails, all of Ivory, ( An Ivory 
 Clock aaually a going. (6.) A Cabinet of Ivory and Ehny} very beau- 
 tiful to look upon, and admirably well contriv'd within j and remark- 
 able for being the work of a Daniflj Mechanick Stone-blind. (7.) A 
 wellpolilh'dTable of Marble, in which is a natural Reprefentation of 
 a Crucifix. (8.) Several other large Marble Tables curioufly adorn'd 
 with inlaid precious Stones naturally reprefenting Birds of divers 
 Sorts. (9.) A pretty turn'd wooden Cup, which confifts of no fewer 
 than an hundred Cups put into one another j each of which is fo thin, 
 that they'll hardly admit of a flight touch of one's Hand without 
 harm. (10.) Several Tankards, Cups, Boxes, and other Veflels oi- 
 Beach-Tree, neatly made and adorn'd with Variety of curious Fi- 
 gures by a Peafant of Norway } and all with no other Tool than an 
 ordinary Knife. (11.) Two curious drinking Veffels, one of Gold, 
 the other of Silver, in form of a founding Horn. That of Gold 
 weighs 102 Ounces l, is in length 2 Foot 9 Inches, and contains about 
 two Englilh Pints and an half. This Horn was found in the Diocefs of 
 Ripen, Anno 16395 has in raifed work on its out-fide fuch a number 
 of Animals, with Men in ftrange Poftures and divers Hieroglyphick 
 Figures as fufficiently evince it to be of a Tagan Extraftion, and to 
 have been us'd by the Heathens in their Religious Performances. 
 The other of Silver weighs almoft four Pounds, and is term'd Cornu 
 Oldenburgicum, of which a certain Chronologer mmelmanus gives 
 a ftrange Relation, pretending that 'twas prefented to Othl. (on&oi 
 
Part IL Scandmavial 69 
 
 the Dukes Oldenburg ) by a Ghofl that appeared to him in a Wood as 
 he was a Hunting: But, in the Judgment of the beft Criticks, 'twas 
 m^dehyChriftiml. of Denmark. (12.) Many jRow/«» Urns, together 
 with a Sulus Romanus JEnem, which is four or five Inches long, and 
 about the bignefs of an ordinary Goofe Quili ; it's fharp at one end, 
 and the other is fitted to fcratch out what has been falfly witten. 
 (13.) Machine Tlmetarum ; an excellent Modern Engine } by turning 
 the Handle of which, one may readily fee a,t any time, either paft, pre- 
 sent, or to come, the true State of the Celeftlal Motions according to 
 the Cofernick Syftem ; "he Longitude and Latitude of each Planet ; their 
 ^pog£Hm and Perig£um; and true Place in the Heavens 5 withfeveral 
 other pleafant Curiofities. ( 14.) Machina EcUpJium, another Modern 
 Engine, To contriv'd, that, by turning it round, one may fee both the 
 Tear and Day, and ^iantity, of a Solar or Lmar Eclipfe for any time 
 defir'd, either paft or to come. Both tliefe curious Engines were 
 projefted and compleated by the prefent Profeflbr of Mathematicks at 
 Copenhagen, the Ingenious Olaus Roner. (if.) Machina Ingens Coperni- 
 cana, a lively Reprelentation of the Copernick Syftem, being a pretty- 
 Mechanical Engine, mov'd by Clock-work, which, hav'ng the Sun im- 
 moveable in the Centre, Ihews the true Motion of the Earth both Di- 
 urnal and Annual} as alfo the Moon's Motioa about the Earth in 29 
 Days and 12 Hours, with her various Fhafes, and the refpedive Mo- 
 tion of each of the other Planets. (16.) Mznj Trifms,Micrcfcopes, Ba~ 
 rometers and Burni?jgGlafes, particularly one of a prodigious Bignefs 
 being 3 2 Inches Diameter. (17.) A curious Cylinder of well polifh'd 
 Metal, ^ by which fome Colours on a Table, that appear monftroufly 
 confus'd to the naked Eye, do clearly reprefent the true Effigies of 
 Frederick I. of Denmark, with his Queen Sophiana Amalia. (18.; Va- 
 rious forts of Arms and Habits of a great many Nations ; with a curi- 
 ous Colledlion of Piftures done by fome of the beft Mafters. (19.) Some 
 Indian and Egyptian Idols of Wood, Stone and Ivory; with a few of 
 Porcellme Earth, and one of Brafs from Egypt in form of a Hog. 
 ■(20 > Some Pages of writing on Palm-Tree-Leaves from the Coaft of 
 Malabar, bemg done by the Natives of that Country, with an Iron 
 Stile. Laftly, in this Muf&um is a great number of Medals both Mo- 
 dern and Ancient. The Modern are all Dmifl), beginning with Chri- 
 Jiian I. and defcending to the prefent Times. The Ancient are all 
 Roman (except f Greek) and thofe either of Gold, Silver or Brafs. Of 
 Goldaxc fome of f. C^far, Auguflus, Tiberius, Caligula, Nero, Vefpafi- 
 an^ Domttian, Nerva, Trajan, Adrian, Antoninus Pius, Septimius Seve- 
 rus, and fome others. Of Silver are divers of the foregoing Empe- 
 rours, and thofe that follow, viz. Galba, Otho, VifeUius, Titus Vefpafi-^ 
 an, Antoninus Philofopus, AureliusVerus, AureliusCommodus,L. Septi 
 mills Sewrus, and moft of the following Emperours down to Aurelius 
 Viaorinus. Of Brafs are Medals of all the Emperqurs above-mention- 
 e^l, and feyeral others befides. G3 Ulrc^a 
 
^0 Scandma'vldl Part II. 
 
 SrcbbltboVJiCfefl.] As for Arch&ipoprlcks in tliis Kingdom, there's 
 only one, viz,, that of 
 
 Copenhagen. 
 
 ^iCl)0piitbfi«] ^tfljoprtcks in this Kingdom are thofe oF 
 
 Slefwick, Arhftfen, Alhurgy Ripen, Wihurg. 
 
 ; UlnibC^flltiC^.] Univerfties in thisKJngdom are thereof 
 
 Copenhagen. , ^i^^- 
 
 iS^attnetf.] The Banes (a very warlike People of old, having^ 
 conftrained many of the Northern Nations to fubmit to the force of 
 their Arms at fomctime or other) are nowalmoft of the fame Tem- 
 per with their Neighbours the Swedes and Germans i but that they are 
 generally efteem'd a People more given to Pride and Cunning, 
 than either of the former. So extravagantly vain are they of their 
 pwn Performances, and fo much addidled of late to fulfome Flatte- 
 ry of their Princes, that upon almoft every Undertaking of their 
 King and Country do they ufe to ftrike Medals ; and fuch as exprefs 
 the Aftion done in a moft Hyperbolical manner, tho' fometunes the 
 Matter in it felf is of fo fmall Importance, that no Nation of £«- 
 rope, ( but the Baniflj ) would hardly deem it worthy of a place m 
 their Weekly Gazette ; much lefs the Honour of a Medal. Tl;e 
 ■Danes are indfeed Induftrious and Frugal enough, but the Trade of 
 their Country is at prefent very Low, Merchandizing being muchdil- 
 courag'd by the Severity of the Civil Government. They are alfo 
 coniiderable Lovers of Learning, but generally greater Lovers ot Ex- 
 cels, whether in Drinking or Eating, efpecially theforiner j and that 
 ever fmce the Juice of the Grape was recommended to them by 
 the High-Germans, whom they now equal (if not exceed; in aU 
 manner of Carouling. 
 
 3Lan«tiagC.] The Modem Language o( Denmark, is originally a 
 Dialed of the Teutonic. The Court, Gentry, and chief Burghers 
 commonly ufe the High German inordinary Difcourfe, and French 
 when they talk with Strangers. How the Danijh Tongiie differs 
 from the High German, and the Modern Language mSwedeland wiii 
 beft appear from their Pater Nojier, which runs thus, Fader vor du 
 fom efi himmeleni helligt vordedit naffa tilkomme dit rige vorderdm 
 'villefaa paa forden, fomhander ihimmelen. Gift ofz,i dagh vort dag- 
 lige bredi oc for lad ofz vor sky Id, fom mforladi vore sky lather i ot 
 teed qJz, ickfidi frijielf^i Menfreli ofz, ofv fra ont. Amen. 
 
Part II. Scandinavia, 
 
 71 
 
 (poternnicnt.] This Kingdom was formerly Elective (altho' they 
 ufually advanc'd the next Heir to the Crown) until the Year 1629. 
 that Frederick the III. having bravely repulsed the Swedes, belieg- 
 ing the Capital City, Copenhagen, it was then rendred Hereditary to 
 his Family. The Nobility here had hitherto a conliderable Stroke 
 until thefe our own Days, that this Kingdom is fo ftrangely Fren- 
 chified in Point of Government, that the DmiJJ} and French Monzr- 
 cliies are now almoft of the fame Mould. The King affunies to hina- 
 felf the Power of difpofmg of all Heirs and HeirefTes of any Note, 
 as 'tis pradis'd in France. The Dani/J} Law is highly to be priz'd,' 
 in that it's fhort and perfpicuous, furpafling the like of all other- 
 nations in that Refpedr. It's wholly founded upon Equity, and 
 comprised in one ^arto Volume in the lyanijh Tongue, and that 
 fo plain, that any Man may underftand and plead his own Caule 
 without the Aid of either Counfel or Attorney, and no Suit is to 
 hang in Sufpenfe beyond one Year and a Month. This is indeed 
 a mighty Advantage, and a fmgular Property of the T>amfl) Law 
 upon one Hand; but the fame is attended with a vaft Inconveni- 
 ence on the other; for the firft and principal Article thereof runs 
 thus. That the King hath the -Privilege referv'd to himfelfto explain, 
 nay to alter and change the fame as he Jhall think good. Chief Courts 
 for Adminiftration of Juftice, both in Civil and Criminal Affairs, 
 are Four,_ -viz. Byfought's, Her edsf ought's, Lanfiag. aiid High-right. 
 The firft is peculiar for deciding Matters which happen in Cities and 
 Towns. The fecond for thofe of the Country. The third is the 
 High-Court of the Province, to which Appeals ai evnade from the 
 two former. And the fourth is the Supream of alf the reft, held 
 commonly at Copenhagen, and confifting of the Principal Nobility, 
 m which Court the King himfelf fometimes fits in Per&n. Be- 
 fides thefe, there is the Court of Admiralty for Maritime Affairs j 
 as alfo Rent-chamber (refembling our Court of Exchequer) for 
 managing all Matters relating to the Publick Revenue. 
 
 2lrms.] The King of Desw-dK- bears Party of Three, and Coupe, 
 of two which makes twelve Quarters. In the firft. Or, Seme ofHearts 
 Gules, three Lions- Paffant-guardant Azure, crown'd. Languid and 
 Arm'd of the firft, for Denmark. 2. Gules, a Lion Rampant, Or, 
 crown'd and arm'd of the firft, in his Paws a Battle-Ax Argenty hilt- 
 ed of the fecond, tor Norway. ^. Gules, a Lion Paffant-guardant, Or, 
 on nine Hearts of the fame in Fcffe, for Gothland. 4. Gules, a Dragon 
 crown'd. Or, tor Schonen. Azure, three Crowns, Or. for Sn>eden. 
 6.Gules, a Pafchal hivnh,Argent, fupportinga Flag of the fame, mark'd 
 with a Crols Gules, for Jutland. 7 . Or, Two Lions Paffant-guardant, 
 Azure for Slefwick. 8. Gtiles, a Filh crown'd Argent, fbr Ice-land. 
 Over thefe eight Quarters, a great Crofs Ardent, (\yhich is the 
 
 G 4 ancient 
 
72 
 
 Scandinavia] 
 
 partii; 
 
 ancient Devile of the Kingdom) on the Centre of which areplac'd 
 the Arms of Dithmarchy viz. Gules, a Cavalier Arm'd Argent, 
 9. Gules, a Nettle-Ieaf open and charg'd in the Middle with a little 
 Efcutcheon, the whole Argent, for Holfie'm. 10. Gules, a Cygnet 
 Argent, gorg'd with a Crown, Or, for Stormajh. 1 1 . Gules, two 
 ¥eGks,Or, for Delmenhorfi. iz. Gules, a Crofs Pattree-fitchi-ee ^rg-ra?, 
 for Oldenburgh. The Shield furrounded with the Collar of the Order 
 of the Elephant. The Creft is a Crown, Or, fiower'd, rais'd with 
 eight Diadems, terminating in a Mondof the fame. For the Motto 
 are thefc Words, Pietas ^ Jufittta coronmt. 
 
 IRcligion.] The Errors and Praftices of the-Romm Church being 
 grown at length lb intolerable, that an Univerfal Reformation be- 
 came expedient, this Kingdom, among the other Northern Crowns, 
 'iirew off that infiipportable Yoke, and cordially embrac'dthe Doftrine 
 of L«^/'er,which,being allowed of by Frederick the Fir ft, about the mid- 
 dle of the laft Century, was fo firmly and univerfally eftablifh'd in 
 Denmark, that in all the Dani/h Dominions there is no other Religion 
 but Luthera7ufm profefs'd, except fome French Refugees, who are 
 allow'd a Church at Copenhagen ; and a few Popifh Families, who 
 were lately permitted to perform their Worfhip in a Chappel at 
 Gluckfiat. The Clergy do ftill retain the Praftice of ConfeJJlon, 
 
 which all Perfons are obliged unto before they participate of the 
 Blefled Sacrament of the Lord's Supper ; they like wife retain Cru- 
 cifixes, and {eveval Ceremonies of the Roman Church. Chriftiani- 
 ty was fully ellablid-.'d in this Country about the middle of theXIL 
 Century, and th^t by the Means of Pope Adrian the IV. ( an Fng- 
 lijhman ) who before his AlTumption of the Popedom, was term'd 
 ^icholaus Breakffear. 
 
 S. 3- NO R WAY. 
 
 JU^atftS • Orw;;?)';(for merly Norvegia,a part of ancient Scandinavia , 
 XN and now bounded on the Eaft by Sweden ; on the Weft, 
 North, and South, by part of the main Ocean) is term'd by the Ita- 
 lians, Neruegia i hyths Spaniards, Noruega; hj the French, Norvpege-y 
 hy the Germans, Norwegen; andhy the Engl!jJj,Norway; focall'dfrom 
 its Northern Situation (NorthemgfoT North, zndWeg, Way,) feeing it 
 is the way to and from the North in refpeft of the reft of Europe, 
 
 %\X.'] The ^/V of this Country is fo extreamly Cold, efpecially to- 
 wards the North parts of the Kingdom, that 'tis but thinly inhabi- 
 ted, and that by the roeaneft of People. The oppofite place of the 
 Globe to Noryvay, is part of the Pacifick Ocean between i86.xo and 
 a 1 2. and 230 and 7 1 Degrees of Longitude, with 60 and 70 Degrees 
 l»f South Latitude. ^Oti.] 
 
Part II. Scandinavial 
 
 75 
 
 ^oil-] By reafbn of the excefllve Coldne/s of the Country (it 
 lying in the i ith, i ith, and 1 3th North Climate) the Soil is very bar- 
 ren, not having force enough to produce the very Neceflaries of Life, 
 the common People being forc'd to ufe dry Fifh inftead of Bread. 
 In fhort, this Country is over-fpread either with vaft Forefts, barren 
 Mountains, or formidable Rocks. In the Northmoft parts of it, 
 the longeft Day is above two Months, the Sun not letting for that 
 time; the fhorteft in the Southmoft about fix Hours and tne Nights 
 proportionably. 
 
 ttotntnWftiCfi.] The chief Commodities of this Country are 
 Stock-fifh, Rich Furs, Train-Oil, Pitch, Mafts, Cables, Deal-boards, 
 and the like, which the Inhabitants exchange for Corn, Wine, Fruits, 
 Beer, and other Necellaries of Life. 
 
 IRatttiCfC. ] Near to Brontheim is a remarkable Lake, whole Wa- 
 ters never freeze even in the dead of Winter, notwithftanding the ex- 
 ceffive Cold at that Sealbn. (2.) Upon the Coaft of Norredy, near 
 the Ifle of Hittezen in the Latitude of 68, is that remarkable and 
 dangerous Whirlpool, commonly call'd Maelflroom, and by Naviga- 
 tors the Navel of the Sea. Which Whirl-pool is, in all probability, 
 occafioned by fome mighty Subterranean Hiatus, and proves fatal to 
 Ships that approach too nigh, providing it be in the time of Flood : 
 For then the Sea> upwards of two Leagues round, makes luch a 
 terrible Vortex, that the Force and Indraught of the Water, toge- 
 ther with the Noile and Tumbling of the Waves upon one ano- 
 ther, is rather to be admir'd than expreft. But, as in the time of 
 Flood, the Water is drawn in with a mighty Force j To during the 
 Tide of Ebb does it throw out the Sea, with fuch a ViolencCi that 
 the heavieft Bodies then call into it can't fink, but are toffed back 
 again by the impetuous Stream which rulheth out with incredible 
 Force. And during that time are abundance of Filhes, caught by Fi- 
 fhermen who watch the Opportunity ; for, being forc'd up to tbe 
 Surface of the Water, they can't well dive again, lb violent is the ri- 
 ling Current. (3 .) In feveral parts of Norway were difcovered, Ibme 
 Years ago, divers Silver Mines, particularly two, whereof one was 
 term'd BenediSla Divina, ( vulgarly Segen Gottes ) and the other 
 :BoriA Spei, but both of 'em were were quickly exhaufted ; how- 
 ever, in the former of thef?. Anno 1650. was found a Mafsof Silver, 
 valued at Three Thoufand Tv/o Hundred and Seventy Two Im- 
 perial Dollars, And in the other was taken out a Mafs of Silver, valued 
 at Five Thoufand fuch Dollars. Both which Maffes, and fome o- 
 thers of pure Silver from thefe Norvegim Mines, are now to be 
 fcen in the Mufmm Reginm at Copenhagen. 
 
7* 
 
 Scandinavia, 
 
 Part. II. 
 
 a^fCl^bttbopHcfeS-] Archhijlwprkks in this Kingdom, only ono, 
 »/». that of 
 
 Dronthe'tm. 
 
 3Bi(|jOPjlc&S.] Biflioprlcks in this Kingdom are thofe of 
 
 Anjlo, Bergen, Stafanger. 
 
 ^Ribetrditff ■] Unlverfities in this Kingdom, None. 
 
 ^attner0.] The Nowegjans (who, being notorious Pyrates of old, 
 'fcecame very formidable to leveral of the Northern Nations) are now 
 icok'd upon as a very mean, fimple and ignorant fort of People 5 a 
 People, however, that's very hardy, much given to Toiling and 
 Labour, very juft in their Dealings and abundantly Civil ( after their 
 own Manner ) to the few Strangers who come among them. In 
 the Northmoft parts of the Kingdom they have no Towns, but 
 generally live in Tents, and travel in great Companies from one place 
 to another in Hunting. 
 
 ftangiiaBC] The Language now /poken in this Country, (efpecial- 
 ly in all the civilized Parts thereof) is little difierent from that us'd 
 in the Kingdom of Denmark, 5 Specimen of which is already given 
 in the foregoing Faragraph. 
 
 ilPobCrntttCtlt.] This Kingdom was formerly a diftinft Body by 
 it Iclt-j and independent of any other but ( being incorporated with 
 Denmark, Anno 1387.) is now fubjecft to his D;?«//Z/ Majefly, who, 
 bclides particular Governours in places of greatell: Importance, 
 doth ordinarily keep a Vice-Roy there for the better managing of 
 the whole; his place of Refidence is commonly at Bergen, and his 
 Power is extraordinary great. 
 
 3tm*,] See Denmark. 
 
 IScllgion.] The eftablifli'd Religion in '^orrony, is the fame as in 
 Denmark, only that in the Northmoft parts of the Kingdom, the 
 knowledge of Chriftianity (which was at firft planted in this Country 
 much about the fame time with the two other Northern Crowns ) 
 is lb decay 'd, that on die ^orders of Lapland they difter but little frorn 
 inccr Hc3.thens. 
 
 SECT. 
 
Back of 
 Foldout 
 Not Imaged 
 
— ^jiyiy^i^^f"jp^ —If^n— iww Jiwi mam ^wm wmm i wimm mm i^w ^wi« ^wn —n w— f ; 
 
Part II. 
 
 SECT. 11. 
 Concerning ^oFcObia* 
 
 *§^between ^ °°^ofLong<^| ^Length is about lij-a 
 1 1>between ^ oo^^^ Long^|^ j^Breadth isabout i loo 
 
 Pividad into {s^:^}chief Towns{^;^^f 4f-h^^^^ 
 
 More particularly. 
 North contains many Provinces, but chiefly thcfe of 
 
 Tr'mes 
 Kargapolia 
 Drvim 
 Condora 
 Siberia 
 
 ObdoTit 
 
 Vologda 
 
 -I 
 
 Kargapol _ 
 St. Michael, Arch-Angel- 
 fVingatoria — 
 
 T060I "7 _ 
 
 Berezow — j ' 
 
 >W. toE. 
 
 Idem, upon the Upper-part of the Dwina. 
 South containing many Provinces, but chiefly thefc of 
 
 Cafftri' 
 
 Mordowitz, 
 
 Ki/i Novogrod — J D I Idem 
 
 Volodimir I ' Idem 
 
 Mofcow r* Idem 
 
 None remarkable- 
 
 ^From E. to "W. up«»- 
 the Volga. 
 
 Aftracan — • 
 
 Novogrod Weliki 
 flekotf II 
 §evria •• >■ 
 
 J} 
 
 Idem at the Mouth of the Volga. 
 Idem— -—-'I Between the Lake Ilmtit 
 
 Idem J* and Feipus. 
 
 Jiovogrod-Sewaski S. W. of Uofi^tf. 
 
Part IL 
 
 M 0 S C 0 V I A. 
 
 f^tiVM-'KKOfcovia or Rn£ia [ccntaing much oi'SarmatlaEurop^a, 
 JLYL with a past of S^rmatia^Jiatica, and now bounded on 
 the Eaft by Tartary, on the Weft by Sweden, on the North by the vad 
 Northern Ocean, and on the South by Lhde Tarmry, Georgia, and 
 the Cafpian Sea] is term'd by the Italians, Mofcovia ; by the Spaniards, 
 Mufcovia 5 by the Trench, Mofcovie or RuJ^e Blanche j by tte Ger- 
 mansMiifcdUy'^nd by the Engltjh, Mofcovia or Mofcovy, ib call'd from its 
 chief Province of that Name, whofe Denomination is deriv'd froni 
 Mcfchi or ^ofci, an ancient People firft Inhabiting that part of the 
 Country. The Name of RuJJia is generally agreed upon to come from 
 another ancient People of that Country, call'd Ro£i or B^J]i. 
 
 2rtr.] The Air of this Country is very Cold, particularly to- 
 wards the North, where Snow and Ice are ufual for three Quarters 
 of the Year ; but in the Southmoft Provinces they have very fcorching 
 Heats in the Summer for the fpace of lix Weeks. The oppofite 
 place of the Globe to Mofcovia, is that part of the vaft Pacifick 
 Ocean, between 206 and 246 Degree^ of Longitude, with 49 and 
 70 Degrees of Sou\h Latitude. ' 
 
 ^OU.] The Soil of this Country (it lying in the 8, 9, ro, i t, 
 12, ^c. Northern Climate) is very different, according to the diffe- 
 rent Situation of its Parts. Here are many Plains, but generally 
 full of MarHies. Towards the North afe vaft Forefts ; and even 
 ■where the Ground is clear'd of Wood 'tis f for the moft part ) very 
 Barren, and fo extremely Cold, that what they few doth feldom 
 come to due Perfeftion. In the South-weft Parts towards Foland, 
 the Soil is tolerably good, the Ground there producing feveral forts of 
 Grain in great abundance ; and 'tis reported by many, that their Corn 
 is ready for reaping about two Months after it is fbwn. The 
 longeft Day in the Northmoft part of this Country is above two 
 Months. The Sun not fetting for that time when near the Sum,- 
 mer Solftice j the fliortcft in the Southmoft is about 9 Hours |-, 
 and the Nights proportionably. 
 
 CommotlttifS. ] The chief Commodities of this Country are 
 Furs, Sabics, Martins, Wax, Honcyj Tallow, Train-Oil, Caviere, 
 Hen-.p, Ficx, Slad, Iron, (^c. 
 
 lBatitlC0.] -As one of the chief i^nV/V J of this Country, we may 
 reckon that ftrange fort or Afe/(?«, found in or near to Aftracan, Cafan 
 and Samam. Some of the Natives term it Bormetz, ( ;'. e. The Little. 
 
 tamk ) 
 
 m 
 
Part It Mofiovtal 
 
 Lamb) others Zoophyton, which figmfies the A?iifnal :Plam. Thefirft 
 Title would feem moft proper, becaufe in Figure it refembles a Lamb, 
 and fuch is its vegetable Heat, that (according to the vulgar manner of 
 Expreflion ) it conliimes and eats up all the Grafs, or rather Herbs, 
 within its reach. As the Fruit doth ripen-, the Stalk decays, and is 
 covered with a Subftance exaftly the fame v/ith Wool that's fliortand 
 cmling. A part of the Skin 6f this remarkable Plant, [ vulgarly 
 reckon'd a Tlant, but difbwn'd by our Modern Botunifls,'] is to be 
 feen in the King of Denmark's publick Repofitory of natural Rari- 
 ties at Copenhagen i the infide of which Skin being, drefs'dj as Tan- 
 ners ufually do the flefliy fide of Lamb-skins without taking off the 
 Wool, no Man can diftinguifh between the Skin of the Bora- 
 netz, and that of an ordinary Lamb. Whereupon, many of the 
 Mofcovites uft the Skin of this rare Vegetable ( if we may allow it to 
 be fuch ) inftead of Furs for Lining of their Vefts, As another re- 
 markable thing of this Country, we may here add, that ftately 
 Church in Mofcow, called yemfalem,which ieem'd to ^ohn BafiUdes. I. 
 (then Czar) fuch a ftately Pile of Building, that he ordered the 
 Eyes of the Architeft to be put out, that he might never contrive 
 (at leaft behold) its Fellow. 
 
 Ecclefiafticks in Mofcovia are one Patriarch, Four Metropolitans, 
 Seven Archbifhopricks, and ieveral Bifliops. 
 
 The Patriarch is he of Mofcouf, refiding in the lame City» 
 
 f No'vogorodski and Welikoluskoi. 
 MetrepoUtans are j Rojioufskoi and Harojiauskoi. " 
 tho/e of ) Cafanskoi and Sunaukoi. 
 
 Sarskoi and Fondoskoi. 
 
 Wolodoskoi and Weltko-Premskoi. 
 Kefanskoi and Moromskoi. 
 Sudalskof and Turroskoi. 
 Twerskoi and Caffinskoi. 
 Sibirskoi and Tobolskoi. 
 Aflrachanskoi and Tersko's. 
 Flejhouskoi and Sborsko't. 
 
 lBt(t)0p?(Cfe5-] As to the exaft Number and Names of Bifl:o- 
 pricks in this Country, the fame is but uncertain at bert. 
 
 tiilnitoeriities.) Here we can hardly expeft the Seats of theMufes, 
 where the Liberal Arts and Sciences have been fb long banifht, and 
 the ftudying of them inhibited by publick Authority. 
 
 Archb'tPioprtcks are 
 thole of 
 
Mojcovia] 
 
 FartIi; 
 
 ^S^attncrS-l The Mufcovhes (Men of a vigoroiis and healthful 
 Conftitution ) are generally reckon 'd a rude, deceitful and ignorant 
 fort of Peoples and much addifted to excefllvc Drinking, as alio 
 unlawful and beaftly Pleafures, And fo fond of ignorance have 
 they hitherto been, that 'twas look'd upon as ( almoft ) a piacular 
 Crime for any of them to apply himftlf to fearch after Knowledge. 
 But things are now mightily alter'd in this Point, and that by the 
 Encouragement of his prelent Czarifh Majefty, who gives leave to' 
 his Nobility to acquire the Liberal Arts and Sciences, particularly the 
 Mathematicks ; and to acquaint themfelves with Foreign Countries 
 and Languages. And, that the Learned Languages (Greek and X^- 
 may be no longer ftrangers in this Country, he hath already 
 crefted publick Schools in Mofcow for the teaching of them. By 
 which meanSj it is to be hop'd, that the Brutifh Temper and Stu- 
 pidity of this People mayv be much reform'd in fome time. And, 
 whereas the prefent Emperour hath already vilited fome of the beft 
 Nations of Europe, purpoiely to improve himfelf in Warlike Af- 
 fairs, both by Sea and Land, ( elpecially the former) and, fince this 
 Undertaking is fo uncommon, that the Mdfcovitijh Story can't af- 
 ford a Parallel ; 'tis alfo to be hop'd, that the Efiedls thereof will be 
 equally aftonifliing, and that in humbling ( if not crulbing ) both 
 Turks and Tartars, his difturbing Neighbours, and profefled Ene-^ 
 mks to the Crofs of Chrift. With fuch big hopes as thefe were 
 many thinking Men in Europe firmly pofTefs'd for fome Years by 
 gone: But the Czar's late Attempt upon his Chriftian Neighbour 
 the Swede, and the Unchriftian Circumftances of that Attempt,' 
 have very much dalh'd all hopes of that Nature. 
 
 lUnguage.] The Language Ms'A'm this Country is a Dialeft of 
 the Sclavonian, but fo corrupted and blended with other Languages, 
 that 'tis hardly underftood by thofe who fpcak the pure Sclavonian^ 
 which neverthelefs is ftill us'd by the Rujiam in their Divine Ser- 
 vice. The Vater-nofier (which I find only in a corrupt Diale6l of 
 their Tongue ) runs thus, Aifamt'idhen joko oledh tainahijfa^ Fyhettft 
 clkon fiun -wakekuta ; ft olkohon /lun thafofi kwem tainahijfa ayn man 
 palla. Meidhen johopai wen leipa anna meh'dlen tanapaivoana, ja anna 
 meidem Jyndia: Kwin moe annama me'idem vajiaehan rickotllen', ja 
 Ma £ata meita kin fauxen mutta paafiamieta paajla. 
 
 CrOternmcnt. ] Thisgreat Body is under its own Prince, who 
 afTumcth the Title of Czar, ( which in the R?#i» Language fignifies 
 JEmperor) yet more commonly he's term'd the Great Duke. He's an 
 Hereditsiy Monarch, and his Government truly Defpotical. The 
 Lives and Fortunes of his Subjefts are wholly at his Difpofal j and 
 
 c ereat JQtez or Lord withia his Dominions, doth acknowledge 
 ^ himfelf 
 
Part II. Mofcomia, 
 
 himfelf his Galop^ or Slave. As he is a Prince of uncontrou!able Power, 
 fo alfo he's pofTeis'd of vaftly extended Dominions, from whence ftho' 
 much of 'cm be very barren) he draws prodigious Revenues ; and thofo 
 not only that accrue from publick Taxes, but like wife from his Mo- 
 nopoly of Sables, and farming out of publick Iz>»/, Taverns, zndAle- 
 houfes, [he himfelf being £reM>e>-Ge?>er^/] which rifes to a very high 
 Sum, efpecially in a Country whei-e the People are extremely addiSed 
 to drinking. The Cx.ar not only exercifeth an uncontroulable Power 
 over his flavifli Subjeifts, but alio pretends to a kind of Omnifcienc» 
 among them, and hath fo fucceeded in this bold Pretence, that the 
 main Body of the People doth really believe that their Great Duke 
 knoweth all things. To fupport which Opinion, The Mofcovhifl} Em- 
 perors have induftrioufly endeavour'd to keep their People in grols 
 Ignorance, and tor that end have hitherto banifli'd out of their Do- 
 minions the Liberal Arts and Sciences, and forbid the ftudying of 
 them under the fevereft Penalties. But the prcfent Czar by his Pro- 
 ceedings (already hinted at ; would feem to reftifie that grofs Abufe. 
 He fufiers none of his Nobles to retire from Court without his fpe- 
 cial Permiffion, and feldom, or never, to vifit Foreign Countries, 
 till thefe our own Days, no, nor fo much as to talk with Foreign- 
 ers at Home. The Publick Affairs are chiefly manag'd by his Great 
 Council, (call'd Tiumnoy Boyaren) confifting of the Principal Noble- 
 men of the Empire. Here alfo are divers other Councils, or rather 
 Chambers zndi Courts Judicature, to which belong their refpediva 
 Bufinefs, and each of thefe hath its peculiar Prelident; they're in 
 Number fix, xvhercof the firft is appointed for AmbalTadors and 
 Foreign Negotiations. The fecond for managing of Military Af- 
 fairs. The third for the publick Revenues of the Empire. Tlie 
 fourth for encouraging of Trade and Merchandising. And the two 
 others for hearing and determining of all Caufes, both Civil and 
 Criminal. One laudable Cuftom obtains m Mofcovia (and per- 
 haps the only one that's worthy of Imitation in other Countries ) 
 whxh IS, T'hat the Mofcovitijh Emperors feldom, or never, make Fo- 
 reign Matches ; but ufe to chufe for themfelves a Confort from amon^^ 
 the Daughters of their own Nobility. ^ 
 
 Stms.] "TheArmsof Mofcovia are. Or, an Eagle difplay'd SaUe. 
 bearing on its Breafl: a Shield Gules, charg'd with a Cavalier Argent 
 fighting a Dragon; on and between the Heads of the Eagle are three 
 Crov,ais tor Mofcoa, Cazan, and A/lracan. According to others, the 
 Arms are Sable, a Portal open of two Leaves, and as many Degrees, Or. 
 
 IRcitgion.] The Mofcovites boaft that they profefs Chrifiianity, ac-. 
 cording to the Doftrine of the Greek Church in its ancient Purity, 
 but indeed they have mixt with the fame a ^rcat many ridiculous 
 Ceremonies and foolilh Superftiticns of their' own. They render 
 
 Divine 
 
Mofcovia. 
 
 pARt. 11. 
 
 Divine Worfhip to the Virgin M(try, and other Saints, as alfo to CroA 
 its, and never commence any thing of Moment, unlefs they fiift 
 lign themfelves with the Sign of the Crofs. In Baptifm they ufe 
 Exorcilm, and always Confeffion to the Prieft before they receive 
 the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper. All above Seven Years of 
 Age receive that Sacrament in both kinds, and they give it in one 
 kind to Children under that Age. They ufually adminifter the 
 lame ( as alfb extream Unftion ) to Perlbns paft all hopes of Reco- 
 very j but they neither adore the Sacrament, nor believe the ftrange 
 Doftrine of Tranlubftantiation. They obierve fifteen great Fefti- 
 vals, befides a great many Days dedicated to particular Saints. 
 Sermons they never ule, but only read fome Portion of Holy Scri- 
 pture, with St. Bajil's Liturgy, and divers Homilies of St. Chyfo- 
 fiome. The Chriftian Faith was firft planted in this Country to- 
 wards the latter part of the Tenth Century, and that by the Preach- 
 ing of fbme Greeks fent thither by the then patriarch of Confimu- 
 nofle. 
 
Back of 
 Foldout 
 Not Imaged 
 
a 
 
Part IL 
 
 8 1 
 
 Sect. hi. 
 
 Goncerning f cance* 
 
 D. M. . Miles. 
 \between<r '^^^ °°Tof Lons; / S C Lcni^th is about j-fo. 
 
 ^ IJi oo^ofLat. ^^2^readth is about 386. 
 
 TNortK. 
 
 •cS / between 
 
 Being divided into three Clailes, viz,.< Middle. 
 
 I^South. 
 
 i^bi^th com pre- ( 
 hends the 
 Governments* 
 
 of 
 
 Middle CottiTpre- ( 
 hends the 
 Governments'" 
 of I 
 
 South compre- 
 hends the 
 Governments" 
 ef 
 
 T'lcarJy " 
 
 Normandy — — — 
 Tlie Ifle of Irmcs 
 Campaigm— — — 
 
 Bremigne-- 
 \ Orleanols — 
 Bourgo'tgne - 
 Lionois 
 
 ^ Amiens, NcfthwardsC 
 Rouen If^^^^ ^ _ 
 
 Troye • ■ J 
 
 o 
 
 Guieme^ Gafcoig. 
 \ Languedoc — ■ - ■ 
 
 Dauphine 
 
 Froience '^ ' ■ 
 
 Rennes- 
 
 Dijo 
 Lions - 
 
 yijon-l 
 ions- J ' 
 
 'W.foE. 
 
 BourdcauX' — 
 Tholoufe- — t W. to 
 GrenoSlel I E= 
 
 Of all thefe in Order. 
 
 §. I. P ICARDT. 
 divided into {Str— ^^^2!;/^. 
 
 if 
 
Fra7ice, Part IL 
 
 But more particularly, 
 
 Htgher contains<^ ^^^^^^^^ j^K p^;^„^ _ >E. to W. 
 
 (^Amienois ^ S \ Amiens — ) 
 
 fPais Reconquis — f !a ^Calais ^ 
 
 M^er contains J fJ'^;-^;ZI^ /Sj^Zr^- to 15. 
 (^ro-athieu ^ Abbeville- J 
 
 To Picardy we Tubjoin the Archbifhoprick of Camiray, lying N. 
 •f Ferome. Chief Town Cambray. 
 
 §. 2. ATOi^ MAN Dr. 
 
 Dirided into i^^^''''' Ichicf Town|^^«f 
 
 i_I,owfr, towaid the Weft J l^Caen. 
 
 More particularly, 
 
 r FaisCaux—/' Z' Caudebeck—'^ 
 
 'Higher contains j Rouen 1 c \. Idem ^N. to S. E. 
 
 'SGifors \| \ldem J 
 
 / Eureux-—^ y h yldem, S. of Kouen. 
 
 Caen / I Idem --J 
 
 Alencon V^dem, S.E. of C/iw. 
 
 §. 3. IJle of FRANCE. 
 
 iv -J J • * ^ North, tht Seine Trk;^f T^„r„f^'''P'*^ 
 
 thvM into 1^^^^^^ ^j^^ ^^.^^ jChief Town|^^„^ 
 
 More 
 
Francel 
 
 More particularly* 
 
 Laonois 
 
 . Soijfonois ■ • - 
 Beauvoifes — 
 i^orthtlh Seine/ VekinFrmcois 
 Contains yD. of Valois— 
 Ijle of France 
 Brie 
 
 Soifons-^—^ ^E, 
 
 Beauniais — -3 
 
 to W. 
 
 South the Seine C Hurepoix - 
 contains \Gafienols—'--^ 
 
 U 
 
 Soijfons- 
 Beawvais- 
 
 FointOyfe — 1 _ 
 ^.«//,£_j-W.toE. 
 
 Taris ) , 
 
 Meaux 1 W.tofi. 
 
 Melun ~) H.T * 
 
 §. 4. CHAMPAIGNE^ 
 
 ^. . , J . CH/f^^r, on the North---') ^ fRheims, 
 Divided into ^„ South— J-^^'^^ ^^"^""XTro^e! 
 
 More particularly, 
 
 Retbelnois - ' ..— -"\ ^ Kethel — ' 
 
 'Higher contains jD.of Rheims ) \ BJjeims- SN. to S.W. 
 
 y High Champaigne / | \s.DizJer J 
 (jZhdl«nois — ^ Jchalon on the River 
 
 rsemeis — Jsens^'^ 
 
 flower contiiins <^ Low Champaigne \u / Troyes — >W.toE^ 
 L^^Mf^ J \JLangres-J 
 
 §. 5. BREtdlGNE, 
 
 DiWddint. {f^-^|{;^}chief Town{j^-^ ^ 
 
France'. Part U. 
 
 More particularly, 
 (Dole 
 
 . , . \ 5. Malo 
 
 Higher contains J -^^-^^^^ 
 
 the Territo-^j,^„„,^_ 
 
 St. Tol de Leon 
 
 J Trh'vter 
 
 Lower contains^ ^^^^^^-^^ 
 
 V/mnes • — 
 
 o 
 H 
 
 U I 
 
 ^ Idem- 
 Idem- 
 Idem. 
 IcJem • 
 Idem- 
 
 I Idcm- 
 I Idem- 
 ^Idem- 
 
 E.toW, 
 toS. 
 
 -1 w. 
 
 to 
 E. 
 W. to 
 
 6. ORLE A NO IS. 
 
 rNorth~] 1 Charms. 
 
 Divided into < upon >The River Loir, chief Town \Orleam. 
 
 l_South J 
 
 J Foiciiers. 
 
 Middle, or up- 
 on the Loire. 
 
 South contains 
 
 More particularly, 
 
 f Maine— 
 ^ North contains jl Perche-- 
 j Beauce ■ 
 
 O ^Mans 
 
 (^Vendofmois- 
 
 ' AnjoH-'—^ 
 ^ Touraine' - 
 
 Blaifois 
 
 * Orleanois-- 
 Niverfiois— 
 
 Nogent Tw. to E. 
 
 ! chart res- — J 
 Vendofme S, of Perche. 
 
 o 
 
 Anglers — 
 Tours 
 
 £/ou VW.to E. 
 
 [ Orleans 
 
 Nevers 
 
 Annis - 
 I Angoumois 
 Foiiiou- 
 Berry r—- J 
 
 u 
 
 Roehelle — • — 
 Angoulefme — W. to 
 
 Foiciiers J E. 
 
 ^Bourges' ' 
 
 §. 7. BURGOIGNE. 
 
 r Higher,lion}iwzT<r\ C Dijon. 
 
 Divided into < > Chief Town< 
 
 l^Lomr, Southward J l^BourgetnBreJfe. 
 
 More 
 
Part II. 
 
 France, 
 
 More particularly, 
 
 Auxerre- 
 
 f \ Semnr — 
 
 Higher, [vh.Burgo'sgne ipro- j Dijon— 
 perly io called] contains/^ ChMon— 
 the Towns of yMafcon- 
 
 Aiitun — 
 Charolles- 
 
 >\S .toS, E. 
 
 ►N. to S, 
 
 Lower, [viz. laBreJfe] con- r Bourge-en Brep iN.toS.E^. 
 
 tains the Towns of < Belly _f ' 
 
 {Trevoux .■ — ^Weftward. 
 
 §. 8. L 10 NO IS. 
 
 Divided into {^^^^- 
 
 '^Chief Town^ 
 
 Lions. 
 Clermont. 
 
 Bafl compre- 
 henjis 
 
 Weft compre- 
 hends 
 
 More particularly, 
 
 Lionois properly fo"^ Lions 
 
 called ~l 
 
 Beaujolois- 
 Forez ■ ' 
 
 Beaujeu — 
 
 c 
 
 p , Feurs 
 
 . r higher 
 
 I * (_lower 
 
 Bourbonois 
 
 March- ■ " ■ 
 
 U 
 
 ■Weft wail 
 
 Clermont 1 "| ^ 
 
 S. Flour- f " >o 
 Bourbon{or)Mou.j ^ 
 Gueret Weftward. 
 
 ^. 9- GUIENNE and G ASCOIGNE, 
 
 Divided rG«/V«»tf 1 Northward"? H fBourdeaux. 
 into \Gafcoigne J Southv/zrd J rJ\Ayre, vix. the chief of G*/^ 
 
 coigne, properly To called. 
 
 H3 
 
 More 
 
Z6 
 
 France, 
 
 Part IL 
 
 Gmenne in 8 
 Provinces. 
 
 4 South 
 
 More particularly, 
 
 GwiVwwe [proper-] 
 ly fo call'd 
 
 ! Agenois ■■ 
 
 4 North 
 
 North the 
 Adeur 
 
 Rovergue-'- 
 
 St/tmtoigne • 
 
 Ferigort 
 
 Limofin T 
 
 ' Les Landes ■ 
 , Albert — , 
 
 Bourdemx 
 
 Bazas 
 
 Agert — — 
 BJjodes^— 
 
 Seintes — — 
 ^Feriguex^ 
 
 [Cahors 
 
 Condomois — 
 ' Armagnac — 
 Gaure — — . 
 
 J ( Labour - - 
 
 Gafcoignein-'^ Upon the j Gafcoigne prop. 
 
 ^JL to 3 parts 
 
 Adoiir "S Ejlarac - 
 
 South the 
 Adour 
 
 Comminges — — 
 
 'Lotper Navarre 
 
 iC. ofSoule 
 
 Beam- 
 
 'Bigerre — 
 Confer ant- 
 
 Dax 
 
 Idem — 
 Condom— 
 
 Aux 
 
 Verdun—- 
 
 j Ay re - 
 \Myrande — 
 Lombcs 
 
 5". TaUis • 
 Mattlleons 
 Fati > ^ 
 
 .Tarbe — — ( W 
 \s.Sertra)7dj ' 
 
 §. lo. LANGUEDOC. 
 
 Divided into ^ ^'^^'''''''^Z^^^'vT'lch. Town|5f 
 ; ,. (_Iojiier, towards the Eaft '■^^^^ l^htfmes. 
 
Part II. 
 
 Francel 
 
 More particularly, 
 
 Higher contJiins the Ter- 
 ritories of" 
 
 'Territories^ 
 of 
 
 J^oix 
 
 Rieux • - 
 Tholotife — 
 Alhy 
 
 S. Fapoul 
 
 Narbonne— 
 Beaters—^ 
 Montpelier- 
 mfmes — • 
 
 rlJem ] S.toN.on 
 Idem > the Ga- 
 Ideni_3 rmnf 
 Idem 41 ^ 
 
 Idem loufe 
 m. S. E. J 
 
 >,^<; Idem 
 Idem 
 Idem I 
 Idem 
 
 Lomr con 
 
 tains the^ Countryof CGevmdan 
 
 Seveme dr< "^elay 
 
 videdinto Ivivarez^ 
 
 ►W.toE. 
 
 Mende - 
 Le ?uy 
 Vlviers 
 
 ^W. toE, 
 
 §. 11. DAUPHINT 
 
 Divided r Higher, towards the Eaft\ • c TownX^''^"^*^'* 
 into towards the Weft/ \H*w;w. 
 
 More particularly. 
 
 'Grenoble upon the Ifere-^— — ■ 
 
 Gap — 1 Nigh unto or up- 
 
 ral Towns, ths<Embrun- . •> on the Dh- 
 
 Higher contains feve- 
 
 chief of which are jBrianconoTBrianfon—J rmce. 
 
 TigneroU S. E. of Brianfcn. 
 
 J Lower contains 
 r veral TownS; 
 chief of which 
 
 Tricaften'-"' 
 of Valence. 
 
 .^N. to 
 
 ^. II. PRO^ 
 
as 
 
 France. 
 
 Fart TI. 
 
 §. 12. PROVENCE. 
 
 (Higher, Northward — "> CSi^^ron. 
 Middle part ' ^ Chief Town< Aix. 
 
 {^Marfeilles. 
 
 )< Mtddie part ' >v 
 l^Lowfr, Southward J 
 
 More particularly. 
 
 Higher, whofc chief 
 ' Towns are 
 
 Middle ^t, whoie<! 
 chief Towns are 
 
 Orange - ^ 
 I Avignon - — — J 
 
 Apt 
 
 ' Forcalquier 
 
 Sifieron ; 
 
 Lovper, whofe chief 
 Towns are 
 
 ufrles. 
 
 Salon — • 
 ' Aix . 
 
 R/Va — — 
 
 Senez • 
 Glandeies 
 
 Marfeilles ■ 
 
 Toffloit 
 
 I Hieres 
 
 Frejuls 
 
 Grace—— 
 Fence ■ 
 Antibe 
 
 W. to E. on the 
 
 North of D«- 
 rarKe River. 
 
 W. to E. on the 
 ' S. of the D«- 
 rmce. 
 
 W. to E. nigh 
 unto, or up- 
 on the Sea- 
 Coaft. 
 
 After thefe twelve Governments, we may here fub- 
 join two other Countries adjacent to the Eaft 
 part of France. 
 
 10 R AINE. 
 
 Divided rzomwe proparly fo called — 7 Chief Town S'^^"^' 
 • intq \Dutchyot£^rr[Weftward]J \BalreVuc. 
 
 More 
 
Part II. 
 
 France, 
 
 «9 
 
 More particularly, 
 fLorame properljr fo called"* <^Nmcy towards the Middle, 
 D. of Bar 
 
 Principality of Fhaltziurg 
 
 (Toule 
 Verdm 
 
 TheTerrit.of< Metz.-r-)^ 
 
 Bar le due, Weftward. 
 Idein, Weftward. 
 
 'Clermont 
 Bitch 
 
 Alfb thoie J Sarward—' — 
 
 of ^ Sarbruck 
 
 Salme-'—' — 
 Vandemont — 
 
 Idem — 
 Idem") 
 Idem J " 
 
 S.toN. 
 
 Idem, It; Miles W. of Verdun. 
 Idem — ^ 
 
 Idem — C N. to upon the E. 
 Idem— C part of Lora'me. 
 Idem—.- ) 
 
 ^Idem, 18 Miles S. E. of ToiiL 
 
 FRANCHE COMPTE. 
 
 CHlgher, Northward — f Mgntbel'iart. 
 
 Divided intq< Middle part ^ >Chief Town< Befanfon. 
 
 ' ' j^Icwtrj Southward--^ J {^Salim. 
 
 More particularly. 
 
 ''Higher, its chief ^ Montbeliart- 
 Towns are lyefoul 
 
 I^E. to W. 
 
 } Middle, its chiefy Befancon or Befanfon-- 
 Towns are l_Dole i.-. . 
 
 }E.to\V.upon 
 the Doux. 
 
 JLovper, its chk{ TSalim 
 
 Towns are \S. Claude 
 
 to S. 
 
 IParae.] 
 
France* 
 
 Part II. 
 
 J^atnC<] T7 R ^N"C E [formerly Gallu from its ancient Inhabitants 
 JL the G/»«/j, otherwile the CeltsL : and now bounded on 
 the Eaft by Germany ; on the Weft by the Bay of Bifcay-y on the 
 North hy thzEngUP} Channel 2nd Flankers; on the South by Spaia 
 and part of the Mediierranem Sea ] is term'd by the Imli am and Spa- 
 wards Franchia j by its Natives la France, by the Germans Frank- 
 reich; and by the Englijh Frmee ; To called (as moft Authors agree j 
 from the Franks, a German Nation, inhabiting that part of Germany, 
 ftill call'd Franconiai who invading Gaul, and by degrees fubdii- 
 ing a great part of it, gave it a nsvr Name from its new Mafters, 
 who (in the Opinion of ftrnc Judicious Writers; had theirs from cer- 
 tain Franchifes granted them by the Koman Emperors beyond what 
 the Neighbouring Nations enjoyed ; or (according to others; from 
 the. German Word, Fraenaad-^fen, the former lignifying Frcf, and 
 the other an Herof. 
 
 ^it.] The Air of this Country is very Temperate, Pkafant, and 
 Healthful, being in a good Medium between the great Excefs of 
 Heat arid Cold, which ordinarily attends thofe Countties of a more 
 Northern and Southern Situation j yet fo healthful is it, that this 
 Kingdom is generally obferv'd to be lefs fubjedl to Plagues and 
 Sicknefs, than moft other Nations of 'Europe, and the Air about 
 Montpelier, in particular, is univerfally efteem'd Medicinal for Con- 
 fumptions. The oppofite place of the Globe to France is that part 
 of the vaft Pacifick Ocean, between ijf and 187 Degrees of Lon- 
 gitude, with 42 and 5*1 Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 doll.] The Soil of this Country (it lying in the 6, 7, and 8. 
 North Climate) is extraordinary fruitful, particularly m Corn, Wine, 
 Fruits, Hemp, &c. The Fields being here both large and open, 
 are generally intermingled with Vines and Corn} as alfo bordered 
 and interlin'd with variety of Fruits : Here are many vaft Forefts, 
 and thefe well ftor'd with moft forts of wild Bcafts fit for Hunt- 
 ing ; feveral Mountains, and thefe cover'd over vvith numerous 
 Flocks, and fome of them lin'd with rich and valuable Mines j h^e 
 alfo arc divers excellent Pits of Coals, and Queries of Stones. The 
 longeft Day in the Northmoft part of this Country, is about 16 
 Hours ^; the fhorteft in the Southmoft, is 9 Hours \, and the 
 Nights proportionably. \ 
 
 CommOltitieS.] The chief Commodities of this Country are 
 Salt, Fifti, Com, V/ine, Almonds, Coral, Canvas, Oadc, Linen, Pa- 
 per, Wood, Skins, Alamodes, Luftring^ and rich flower'd Silks, Ver- 
 digris, Cremor Tartaris, &c, fRatttlW. ) 
 
Part II. Franee, 
 
 IBavUiC)}-] Among the chief Rarities France, we may reckon 
 fbme remarkable remains of the Row^w Antiquities as yet to be ieen 
 in that Country. And they are reducible to theie following Heads, 
 •viz. (i.) Triumphal Arches, particularly //a-j^ in the City oi Rhetms^ 
 as yet entire, compos'd of three Arches, and adorn'd with many 
 Figures and Trophies, but uncertain for whomerefted. There are 
 alio the Ruins of ieveral others near Autm in Burgundy ; one at 
 Snintes in Guienne ; another almoft entire at the City of Orange, 
 crefted by Caius Marius and Lu5tatius Catulus, upon the Victory ob- 
 tain'd over the Cimbri and Teutones ; (where are likewife the Ruins 
 of a Roman Circus.) To the/e we may add that ftately Bridge, 
 twelve Miles off Nifmes, conlifting of three Stories of Arches one 
 above another, the laft of which was an Aqueduft. (a.j Amphithea- 
 tres ; as the Ruins of a ftately one at Chalons in Burgmdy ; another 
 at Perigueux in Guienne ; another at Tholoufe in Languedoc 3 another 
 at Aries m. Provence; another at Vienne in Dauphine ; but the chief of 
 all is that at Nifmes, of an extraordinary bignefs, and as yet adorn'd 
 with ftveral Pillars and divers Roman Eagles, as alfo the Fable of 
 Romulus and Rew«^ fucking the She- wolf. (3.) Tlv: Remains oHomm 
 Heathen Temples ; particularly thole of Templum Jani ( now call'd 
 the Jenetoye,) at Aatun in Burgundy ; thofe of the Goddefs Vetiusat 
 Perigeux in Guienne; and that of Diana near Nifmes in Languedoc^ 
 (4.) The R«/»^of fome Ancient AqueduSis, asthofcnearC(?«/«K«in 
 Burgundy ; thole at Dole in Bretaigne; fome at Autun in Burgundy ; 
 and thole at Tholoufe in Languedoc. {^.) Remarkaile Pillarsy particu- 
 larly thole ancient Columns and Pyramids near Autun in Burgundy j 
 but more elpecially is that famous Roman Obelisk of Oriental Gra- 
 nate at Aries in Provence, which is much admired by the Curious, 
 being fifty two Foot high, leven Foot Diameter at the Bale, and 
 and yet all but one Stone. Among the Monuments of Antiquity, 
 we may mention the large Pallage cut through the Middle of a 
 Rock about two Leagues from Brianfon in Dauphine, which, being 
 ^ ftupendious piece of Work, gives occafion to various Conjeftures, 
 fome Perfons imputing it to Julius Csfar, and others rather to Ha7j~ 
 nibal. To thele we may add that large and round Buckler of Mafly 
 Silver fifli'd out of the Rhofne near Avignon, 1 66f, being twenty 
 Inches in Diameter, and weighing twenty one Pounds; 'tis 1900 
 Years old, and is charg'd with Scipio Africanus half Mantled gralp- 
 ing his Pike, and Roman Officers attending with the Spaniards liip- 
 plicating for a fair Virgin ; the fame being confecrated to that Vir- 
 tuous General upon his reftoring a beautifui Captive to Allucius, 
 P) "ince of Celtiberia, who h^d eipous'd her. 
 
 Thele being the Principal Remains of Reverend Antiquity obler-^t 
 Tabje in this Country j next to fuch Curiolities, we may fubjoin 
 ' ' fome 
 
92 France, Part II. 
 
 Ibme Rarities of JflMure, the moft noted of which are theie follow- 
 ing^ (i.) Waters of remarkable ^alities; particularly thole nigh to 
 Dax or d' Accrue in Gafcoigne, fo reputed of old for Bathing, that 
 from them the whole Province of Aqtiimne did derive its Name. 
 As alfo the Mineral Waters of Bourbon much reforted unto, even 
 m time of the Romans, together with the famous Fountain near to 
 Grenoble, which appeareth as if covered with Flames and boilcth up 
 in great Bubbles, and yet is never Hot. Likewife another boiling 
 Fountain about a League from Montpellier, much obferved by Tra- 
 vellers ; and finally, that Oily Spring near Gabian, in the Road Or- 
 leanois, and that at Clermont in Atciergne, whofe Waters are of a 
 Putrifying Natxire; and likewife another nigh to the City of Mans, 
 which maketh Silver look exaftly like Gold. {^.) Obfervable Mom- 
 tains, particularly thofe nigh to Rhode in Gaienne, call'd the Moun- 
 tains of Canfac, which burn whenever it Rains. (3.) Some hideous 
 Subterranean Holes or Pap(ges, as that in the Foreft of S. Aubin du 
 Cormier m Bretaign, thro' which flows a mighty Torrent oi Water i 
 and another near Niont in Dauphine, from which proceedeth a vio- 
 lent Wind. The/e arc the chief Rarities in Irance, both Natural 
 and Artificial, efpecially the latter. As for Artificial ones of a mo- 
 dern Date, this Country afFordeth feveral, particularly that famous 
 Canal of Languedoc, and fplendid Palace of Verfailles, with divers 
 magnificent Buildings, (efpecially Churches) but thefe are either too 
 weD known to need, or too numerous to admit of any particular 
 Relation here. 
 
 3|lrcbWQ)0Jjj(tfe«.] The Archbijl^opricks of France are thefe fol- 
 lowing, 'viz.' 
 
 ^' Count and Primate of France. 
 L r A !. \ Primate of France and Germany. 
 u^rT ^''^"< DukeandPeer of the Realm, 
 bilhop is ^ p^j^g pggj.^ Legate of the Holy See 
 
 (^Primate of Normandy. 
 As alio thofe, 
 
 Tours, Bot&Jeaux, Narbonne, Vienne, 
 
 Surges, Auch, Aries, Bezancon, 
 
 Alby, Tholoufi. Aix, Fmbrun. 
 
 ^5ttbopi<c6s. ] The refpeftive Suffragans of thefe Archbifliops 
 arc as follow. 
 
 Autun j: C Trots ^ CCbartres 
 
 t Langres § < Auxerre < Orleans. 
 
 1 Macon \Nevers ^ \_Memx'. ' 
 C Challon 
 
 Reim. 
 
Pa^t It 
 
 France, 
 
 9S 
 
 / Soijfons 
 I Laon 
 _ \chaalons 
 I jNotjon 
 '5 '\Bemv/iis 
 I Amiens 
 / Senlis 
 
 'Bayeux 
 Eureux 
 Auranches 
 
 Lifeux 
 jCountances 
 
 ^ Mans 
 Anglers 
 Remes 
 Nantes 
 Corneuaille 
 I <| Vmnes 
 
 'Cajlres 
 J Mende 
 Rodez, 
 ^ iCAhors 
 Vahors 
 
 fPolBiers 
 Saintes 
 Angoulfftn 
 Perigueiix 
 
 Condom 
 Sarlat 
 Rochelle 
 yJLucon 
 
 S. Brieti 
 Treguier 
 S. Fol de Leon 
 Dole 
 
 r Clermont 
 2 \ Limoges. 
 ^<^S.Io»r 
 ^ Jle Puy 
 ^ {Tulle 
 
 '^Acquis 
 Aire 
 BazAs 
 Bayonne 
 , Comminges 
 ^ Conferms 
 Le^ourt 
 Mefcar 
 Oleron 
 Tarbes 
 
 Tamiers 
 Mirepoix 
 I Montauian 
 Lavour 
 I S. Papoul 
 Lombez. 
 Rieux 
 
 ^Carcajfom 
 Alet 
 Beziers 
 Agde 
 Ledove 
 'I Mmtpellier 
 Nifmes 
 Ufetx, 
 S. Pom 
 ^Perpignan 
 f Marfeillts 
 3 ^ Orange 
 
 «^ ^ 5". Pml de 3. Cbattm 
 Toulon 
 'Apt 
 Reiz 
 Frejus 
 Gap 
 Sijleron 
 Valence 
 Die 
 
 Grenoble 
 Vtviers 
 Maurienne 
 C r Belly 
 
 D'lgne 
 Glandeve 
 Vence 
 Senex, 
 Grace 
 
 Nice in Savoy 
 
 ^nttKtHttC*.] U^Z-yfr/iW^j belonging to tKjs Kingdom, arc cihi* 
 
 blifli'd at thefe Cities following. 
 
 Paris,, 
 
 Bohrdeaux, 
 
 PotBers, 
 
 Orleans, 
 
 towges 
 
 Anglers, 
 Caen, 
 
 Montpelller, 
 Cahors, 
 Nantes, 
 1. 
 
 Reims, Perpignan^ 
 
 Valence^ ■ Douay, 
 
 Alx, Dole, 
 
 Avignon, Trlbwge, 
 
 Pont a manfon, Orange. 
 
I 
 
 Prance, Part. IL 
 
 il^annctf. ] The 'French arc generally a Civjl, Quick and Adivc 
 fort of People j but extremely given to talking, elpecially thofe of 
 the Female Sex, W'ho neverthelefs are not only very plcafin^ in dif- 
 courfe, but alfo of a graceful and winning Deportment. This Peo- 
 ple is thus charaaeriz,'d by fomej That they are Airy, Jmorcus, full 
 of ASlion, compleat Matters of the Art of DiJJimulation, and above 
 all things Contentious, being fo univerfally given to Law-fiiits, and 
 that even amongft neareft Relations, that Lawyers, Judges,' and 
 other Officers of Juftice, are obferv'd to be the richeft Body of the 
 Kingdom, excepting the Churchmen. Many of this Country, in mat- 
 tei*s of Learning, are blefs'd with a dear Conception, and ready 
 Expreflion } and of late they have advanc'd the Republick of Letters 
 to a very confiderable height } this Age having produc'd feveral of 
 that Nation, (and even fome of the Female Sex ) who are now fa- 
 mous through all the Learned World for their iingular Parts. 
 
 language] The French Language (compos'd chiefly of the Latin, 
 together with feveral German and Gothick Words intermixt) being, 
 ktely muchrefin'd by the Royal Academy at Paris, is fo much ad- 
 mired for its elegancy aad fweetnefs, that it hath wonderfully fpread it 
 felf abroad in the World, and is now become the chief Tongue tliat's 
 commonly us'd in moft Princes Courts of Europe. Fater-Nojier 
 in the fame runs thus, Hotre fere qui es auxCieux, Ton Norn foit Saniii' 
 fie ; Ton Regne vienne j Ta Volente foitfait en la Terre, commeau Ciel ; 
 Donne nous%ujourdhuy notre pain quotidien i Fardonne nous nos offences, 
 somme nous pardonmns a ceux qui nous ont offencez ; Ft ne nous in- 
 duiy point en tentation ; mais delivre nous du mal. Amen. 
 
 <15oD«rnmcnt.] This Kingdom, being formerly a part of the Ro- 
 man Empire, was in procefs of time over-run by Franks, Goths and 
 Burgundians, efpecially the firft, by whom was rais'd a Monarchy, 
 which continuing in the Succefllon of Kings of three feveral Races, 
 {viz.ths Merovingian, Carlovinian and Capet ine, is now as great as 
 any in Chrifiendom; and at pre{ent fubjea to one Sovereign [en- 
 titl'd the Mofi Chrifiian King, and eldefi Son of the Church J whofe Go- 
 remmcnt is Monarchinal and Crown Hereditary in his Heirs Male, 
 all Females being excluded by the Salique Law. There were ancient- 
 ly in this Kingdom many potent Dukes, Earls, and Lords, who ge- 
 nerally claim'd, and currently exercifed, great Authority in France, but, 
 by the Endeavours and Policy of fome .^-and Minifters of State, 
 the Power and Jurifdiftion of the Nobility was fo ftrangely im- 
 pair'd, that now they appear as fo many Ciphers in the Nation. 
 The Aflembly of the three Eftates {viz. the Clergy, Nobtlity and 
 Citizens) was likewife in great Veneration of oW, and the Regal Au- 
 teity it felf was thereby very much limited ^ but that ^^^"'^v 
 
Part II. 
 
 France] 
 
 95 
 
 not having been conven'd fince Anno 1614, their Authority is now 
 fupprefs'ti Finally, the Parliament of P/»w was liJ^ewiie a Conven- 
 tion of mighty Power and many Privileges, and it often ufcd here- 
 tofore to oppofe the Deligns of the Court j but that Aflembly has 
 been taught other things of late, and its Wings are now fo ftrange- 
 ]y dipt, that it dares not appear in the leaft, againft any Propofal 
 which is once hatch'd at Verfailles. So that the French Monarchy 
 is now fcrew'd up to fuch a pitch, that it difFereth but little, or no- 
 thing, from any of the moft abiblute Empires in the World : And 
 its prefent Monarch, for defpotick Power, may now vie even with 
 the Emperors of Mofcovia, China, or Turkey. The whole Kingdom 
 being divided into i z Governments } over each of them is let a 
 Governour, ftyl'd the King's Lieutenant-General or Super-Intendent, 
 having the like Power as the Lords Lieutenants of England formo-ly 
 had in their feveral Counties. For the better Management of the 
 publick Affairs and Adminiftration of Jufticc in dl parts of this 
 Kingdom, here are cftablifh'd a great many Courts of Judicature, 
 particularly thefe following, uiz.. Parliaments i Chambers of Accounts; 
 Courts of Aids i TreJidialCourts ; Generalities ; Elections, S<.c. I. Par- 
 liaments ( the higheft and fupream Courts of the Nation) were fifteen 
 in Number, reckoning the late Conquefts, and held at the Cities 
 of Paris, Tholoufe, Rouen, Grenoble, Bourdeaux, Dijon, AiXy Van- 
 Ties, Pau, Mets, Befancon, Tournv/, Perpignan, Arras, and Brifac. 
 Thefe Parliaments, (according to tneirrefpedtiveBufinefs) are divided 
 into leveral Chambers, elpecially that of Paris, which hath no lefs 
 tlian Ten, lixi. ( i .) The Grand Chamber, where the Peers of the 
 Realm, being accus'd of any Crime, are ufually Ti-y'd. (z.) The 
 Tournelle Civile j where they take cognizance of fuch Civil Gaufes 
 as exceed a thoufand Livres in Value. (5 .) The Tournelle Criminelk i 
 where Appeals from Inferiour Courts in Criminal Matters are heard 
 and difcufs'd. Belides thefe three, there are five Chambers of Jnquejl-y 
 where Depolitions of Witneflesare ftt down, and Caufes thereupon 
 determined ; being almoft the fame with our Bill and Anfwer in 
 Chancery and Excheojuer. And laftly, There are two Chambers of 
 Requejl ; v/here Caufes of Privileg'd Perlbns are heard and difcufs'd. 
 IL Chambers of Accounts; where Accounts of the Treafury arc 
 examin'd, and Homage Vaflalage due from the Royal Feifs arc 
 receiv'd. Treaties of Peace, and Grants made by the King, and 
 fuch like are recorded. Thele Chambers are ii in Number, and 
 held at the Cities of Paris, Rouen, Dijon, Nantes, Monpelier, Grtnoble, 
 Aix, Pau, Blois, Lijle, Aire, and Dole. III. Courts of Aids, where 
 all Caufes relating to the King's Revenue (particularly Aids, Tailles, 
 Gabelles ) are determin'd, and that without any appeal to a higher 
 Judicatory. The Courts are in Number eight, and held at the eight 
 Qtie? of Paris, Montpelier, P^ouen, Clermont, Monfman4> Bourdeai^x^ 
 
96 
 
 France: 
 
 Part, It 
 
 Aix Grenoble, and Dijon.lV. PrefulialCouifs (compos'd of feveral 
 Tudees) where Civil Caufes in Matters of fmaller Importance, asalfb 
 Appeals made from Subaltern Juftices in Villages are heard and 
 determin'd V . Generalities, whofe Office ( they being the Treafu- 
 rers General of France) is to take cafe of aflfeffing the Taxes propor- 
 tionably in their refpeftive Diftrifts, according to the Sum propos'd 
 bv the Kin? and Council to be levied . Thefe Courts are 1 3 in Num- 
 ber reach confifting of twenty three Perfons ) and thefe coiiveniently 
 lituated in feveral parts of the Kingdom. They do alfo judge 
 Matters relating to the Crown-Land, the Kifig s Revenue, and fuch 
 like Laftly, Ekaions} which are fmall Courts fubordmate to the 
 Generalities, and their Office is to caft up how much every Parift m 
 their refpeftive Divifion muft raife of the Sum propos d by the Gene- 
 rality, and accordingly they iffue out their Orders to every Panni, 
 whereupon one of the Inhabitants being chofen Colieftor, he proper^ 
 tions every one's ^iota; and colleaing the fame, returns it to 
 the Geneiilities, and they again to the ^xxUick Exchequer. Behdes 
 thefe. there are a vaft number of inferiour Courts for fmaller Mat- 
 ters, whether Civil or Criminal: And a great many pubhck Officers 
 or rrovojis, Senefchds, Bailifs, as zlfo lntendmts de UJuft,ca, TO- 
 lice, znd Finmce, &c. But our intended Brevity Will not admit of 
 a farther Relation. 
 
 mttnfi 1 ThcKmsiO^ France ^or Arms h^vsJture thrde Flower 
 de L^c^s oUwoinfhief, and one in bafe, the Elcutcheon is envi- 
 roned with the Collarsof the Orders of S.RM^ndthc Holy Ghofl 
 or Creft, anHelmet Or, entirely open, thereupon a Crown dosd 
 .rVer the manner of an Imperial Crown with eight marched Ray , 
 rootwithadoubleFlowerdeLuce. The Supporters are t^o Angels 
 hShld ls Levites-, the whole under a PaviUion Royal, of 
 Hn'd Ermines, with thefe Words, Ex omnibus Flor.bus eUg. 
 m:hi Lilium. Ulia neque laborant nec^ue nent. 
 
 iReltBion.] The only eftabliffi'd Religion in f^^»re is that of 
 thSch of R.«.ei foralltheDecifionsof theCouncl of rre«nn 
 ittesofFaithare tlierc received; butt^^^^ 
 
 JDifdp'nne, and infringe the Rights of the SSTp'Tetnts r corn- 
 ties of the Galilean Church, are rcjefted. The 1 toteltants ( com 
 i;'; aU'd Huguenots) were formerly alloW'd the -k Proieffi- 
 
Part II. Germany, 
 
 97 
 
 the DeftruAion of their Churches, and a violent Per/ecution which 
 forced great Numbers to leave the Kingdom, and feek for Ihelter in 
 Foreign Countries. As to the Romanijls themfelvies, there are great 
 Divilions among them at prefent, notwithftanding of their fd much 
 boafted Unity For befides the hot Di/putes between the Molinifis 
 and Janfenijls about Fretle/iimtionznd Grace (in which the pretend- 
 ed Infallible Judge at Rome dares not interpole his Decilive Authori- 
 ty for fear oi- diibbliging one or the other Party ) we find that the 
 Seft of _^ietifm has lately crept in among them j as appears from 
 the late Book of the Archbifliop of C^w^r/?)' concerning the /»/-fr»/j/ 
 Life, which has been ccnfured by the Archbilhop of Farts, and the 
 Bilbops of Meaux and Chartres, and complain'd of by the French 
 King in his Letter to the Pope, and at laft condcmn'd, tho' the Au- 
 thor proffer'd to maintain his Doftrine before the Fapal Chair, if 
 permitted to go to Rome. The Chriftian Faith was fir ft planted in 
 this Country by Ibme of St, Teter's Difciples ( as is moft probably 
 thought ) fent thither at his firft coming to Rome. 
 
 I 
 
 SECTw 
 
Part II. 
 
 SECT. IV. 
 
 Concerning iSiCtmany, 
 
 d. m. Miles, 
 between j| of Long. ^ ^ ^Length is about ^fo. 
 
 °°}ofLatit.{|'}l 
 
 between 
 
 { 
 
 oo 
 
 Breadth is about f i o. 
 
 TNorth. 
 
 Being divided into three Clafles, 'viz,.< Middle. 
 
 LSouth. 
 
 The Circle of Belgium. 
 
 The Circle of mjiphalia. 
 ' The Circle of the Low. Saxony 
 The Circle of the Up. Snxory. 
 
 are ^ ■^^fi^^'^'*^ 
 iJBruxelles — 
 
 Munjier > ' 
 
 Hamburg- 
 
 Witttenburg. 
 
 .5 TThe Circle of the Low. 2l^/»e. Heidelberg 
 
 f| <5 The Circle of the Uf. Rhine. 
 % I^The Circle of Franconia. 
 
 The Circle of Suabia. 
 The Circle of Bavaria. 
 The Circle of Aufiria. 
 
 Francfort 
 Nuremburg 
 
 Ausburg 
 Munick- 
 yVienna- - 
 
 Of all thcfe in Order. 
 
 §. I, The 
 
ANe-wMap of 
 
 GERMANY 
 
Back of 
 Foldout 
 Not Imaged 
 
Part 11. Germany, P9 
 
 §. I. *The Circle of Belgium. 
 
 Divided ("North, v'tx,, Helland—Xf^^. rr^ S'^tnflerdam. 
 into ISouth, viz. Flanders — J \Bruxelles. 
 
 Holland contains Seven Provinces. 
 
 Holland properly fo"^ 
 
 call'd 
 
 4 towards J Zealand ■ ■■ ' 
 
 the South S Utrecht — 
 
 Zutphen and a part of . E-< 
 Gelderland * 
 
 3 towards C Over-Iffel - 
 the North < Friejland — 
 {jGroningen — 
 
 
 Amflerdam. 
 
 a 
 
 M'sddleburghi 
 
 o 
 
 Idem. 
 
 ru-, ^ 
 u 
 
 Zutphen. 
 
 U 
 
 
 Deventer. 
 Lewarden. 
 
 Idem. 
 
 Flanders contains ten Provinces. 
 C Gelderland 
 
 4Dutchies>f;^^'^2;r^ 
 
 (^Limburg — - 
 
 Flanders properly ib 
 
 i call'd 
 
 S 4 Counties <^ Artois 
 
 ^Gelders. 
 Bruxelles, 
 Idem. 
 Idem. 
 
 ' Heynault- 
 Namur — 
 
 C3 
 
 o 
 h 
 
 Arras. 
 ^ Mons. 
 Idem. 
 
 Bruges', 
 
 The Marquifate of the Empire. 
 The Seignory of Malines. 
 
 Antwerp. 
 Idem. 
 
 The 
 
ICO 
 
 France, 
 
 Part II. 
 
 The chief of thefe Seventeen Provinces being HolUnd and Tlm- 
 ders properly fo call'd, with Brubmt; we fliall more particularly 
 conlider them, by mentioning the moft remarkable Towns in each 
 ©f them. Therefore, 
 
 r South. 
 
 HollmdiproTptvly fb called, being divided into< 
 
 l^North. 
 
 If Goree in the Ifland Goree. 
 Briel 
 Roterdam 
 Don 
 
 r South are <I Gorcum- 
 Heufdeii- 
 
 Nigh unto, or upon the 
 Maes from W. to E. 
 
 h. 
 
 U 
 
 ^ In the Weflern part from 
 
 J" S. W. to N. E. 
 
 J<lorth are 
 
 Delf. 
 Hague ■ 
 \^Leyden 
 
 'Am[lerdam upon the Channel Amfiel. 
 
 Harlem 1 Weftern part from 
 
 Be'verm'ck ■■ — ■ s to N. 
 
 Alkmaer — J 
 Bnchyfen— 
 Hoom—- 
 Edam 
 
 Moneckedam- 
 Muyden — — 
 Haerderi " ' 
 
 Upon the Zuyder-z.ee, or 
 ''South-Sea, from N. to S. 
 
 Tlanders 
 
Part IL Germany; 
 
 lOl 
 
 CEaJl. 
 
 Flanders, properly fo call'd, being divided into 
 
 f-Dendermoncle- 
 Alhojl 
 
 Ninoven — 
 Gramont. 
 Ghent -r — 
 Audenard- 
 Tournity- 
 
 Y^omy — 
 Beynfei 
 Courtray ■ 
 
 o 
 
 N 
 
 u 
 
 , Bruges 
 /Axel— 
 
 Arment'ters 1 
 \lifle S' 
 
 Graveling — 
 Dunkirk 
 
 Neuport 
 
 Ojlend 
 Sluys. 
 
 ^Upon the Bendre, from 
 N. to S. 
 
 - (^SM I All found 
 •J \ from N. 
 
 - / Upon the f to S. W. 
 -J Scarpa y 
 
 Nigh unto, or upon the 
 Lys, all found ft om N. 
 to S. W. 
 
 Five remarkable Ports 
 frdm South to N. 
 E. 
 
 -^found from W, to E. 
 
 Rupelmold upon the Scheld, f Miles S. of Antwerp. 
 Furnes . 
 
 Dixmuide ■ > found from W. to E. 
 
 Thyelt 
 
 Berge S. WinoC' 
 Ypres 
 
 ^^nfeh fartheft South. 
 
 j^from W. to E. 
 
 I 5 
 
 The 
 
102 
 
 Gemanyl Part IL 
 
 The Dutchy of Brahanthdtigdmded into< 
 
 l^Southi 
 
 'Boifleduc- 
 
 North are- 
 
 I Steenbergen 
 
 Bergen-op-zoom — 
 
 Antwerp upon the Scheld. 
 Mechlin upon the Dendre. 
 
 found from E» 
 to W. 
 
 "Aerfchot— 
 Skhem — ~ 
 
 Diefl 
 
 Bruffels^ 
 - I Lovain-*-- 
 
 ] Upon the Demer froai W . 
 
 r to 
 
 -^found from W. to E. 
 
 yudosgne ihout 12 Miles S. E. of Lovain. 
 
 Gemblours ~^ 
 
 Genape >found from E. to W. 
 
 yjtii'velle — — J 
 
 Bivided 
 into 
 
 §. 2. I'he dircle 0/ Weftphalia. 
 
 r North-Eafl, between the Wefer and Elm • COfnabrug 
 < Middle, between the Elm and the IBJoine > . < Mmjier. 
 {_South-mji, betw. theil^;»eand Cir. Belg.J ^ l_Liege. 
 
 More particularly. 
 
 ■''The Coun- 
 ty of 
 
 North Eajl 
 compre- 
 hends 
 
 Oldenburg- 
 
 iHoy-a 7 
 
 - holt- J 
 
 Dieph 
 Schomberg 
 The Principal, of M/Wew, 
 
 TheCoun C i'^^*^ 
 ^ < EFrifeland J 
 
 ^ l^Linge 
 
 TheBifhop. of Ofmbrug— 
 The Coun- r Tecklenburg- 
 ty of l_Ravensburg- J 
 
 ^ Idem 
 
 (u ridem 
 ^ ^Idem 
 Idem 
 
 Idem — — . 
 
 Emden 
 
 Idem 
 Idem 
 Idem I 
 Idem 
 
 Nigh unto, 
 ^orupon the 
 
 Elm, from 
 iN.toS.E. 
 
 Middle 
 
Part 11. Germany. 
 
 The County of Benthem " 
 
 The Bifhoprick of Mmjier — 
 I The County of Lip 
 
 103 
 
 Middle 
 ' compre-« 
 hcHds 
 
 ''Idem -J 
 Idem ( ftomN.W 
 Idem ^ to S. E. 
 TheBiflioprickof P/»</er^orwe- e Idem J 
 The Dutchy of JVefiphalia--^ , o Arens6erg^ from 
 
 ^ . .rAf;ir)te— - <( Ham > E.to 
 
 The County of^^^^^^ ^ ^ D^pUcrp J W. 
 
 South Wefl TThe Succeflion onck'ves---- 
 . comprc- < the Dutchies of Sj»l'ers — 
 \hends (_The Bilhoprick of liege * 
 
 Cleves—~X/^. to 
 Juliers- J S. 
 \Liege W. ofJuUers 
 
 §. 3. TJ^e OVf/^ 0/ Lower Saxony. 
 
 Dividedinto< Middle 
 \soHth— 
 
 — ^ r Hamburg. 
 
 • — >Chief Town< Lunenburg. 
 J \_Magdeburg. 
 
 More particularly. 
 
 North 
 the 
 D. of 
 
 Middle 
 the D. < 
 of 
 
 South ' 
 
 ■ Ho^Ww Dirtmajh — ^ 
 compre- LHolftein prop. 
 I heading Cstormari(i> — 
 I the D. of J fVagerland — 
 
 Lawenburg — 
 
 Mecklenburg- — — — — 
 
 iMeldorp- 
 Kiel--^ 
 Gelucftnt. 
 Lubeck — 
 are thole 
 of 
 
 'Bremen-— 
 
 Ferden — 
 Lunenburg- 
 
 ulare thofe 
 
 d of 
 
 Hilderjheim, a Bilhoprick 
 
 Brunfwick, a Dutchy 
 
 Halberftaty a Principality 
 Magdeburg, an Archbilh-j 
 
 'Hamburg — 
 
 }La-tt>enburg' 
 Wifmar 
 
 Bremen 
 
 Ferden ■ 
 
 |b3 
 o 
 
 Lunenburg — « J ^ 
 
 Is that of Hilderjheim 
 
 Brunfwick 8c Wblfenbuttel- 
 Is that of Halberftat — 
 \Is that of Magdeburg 
 
 Befides 
 
104 
 
 Gemapy, Fart IL 
 
 Bcfides thde arc. 
 
 The D. of < Grft^mhagett 
 {jGottingen — ~ 
 
 o 
 
 'Idem, 1 6 m. N.W.l of H/A/^y- 
 Idem, 37 m. S. J /heim. 
 ' Idem, 14 m. S. of Gmppenhagea. 
 
 Blackenierg, iom.~) S. W. of 
 Zlbengeroda, 1 2 m-jHalherJlat. 
 
 TheC. ofi"S"«>^»-- \§ 
 
 §. 10. The Circle of Upper Saxony. 
 
 Ichief Towni"^^'^»^«''4 
 
 — » ■ ■ J \_Stetsn. 
 
 Divided S" South. 
 into ')_*ro/'/^ 
 
 con- 
 tains the 
 
 More particularly, 
 T^.of saxony, properly^ ^. ^ 
 
 ib call'd 
 Marq. of Mifnia 
 Landtgr. of Thuring 
 
 Mar. of r Alt-mark, Weft 
 
 Bran- < Middlemark, 
 
 Nbr?^ con-<( denburgh ( Neremark, Eaft 
 tains the y D. of Po-y Ducal ^ Eaft 
 meran'ta l_Royal, Weft. 
 
 J S. 
 
 Etfurt, Weftward. 
 
 StendaH I 
 Berlin >^ 
 GuftrinJ ^ 
 Camin ) 
 
 Befides theft, are many little Principalities of the Houfe of Saxony 
 fcattered up and down ( or nigh unto) the Landgrave of Thnringia, 
 particularly theft following ; 
 
 ThePrincip.of Anhalt, [SoMthto Magdeburghi] Ch. T. Berniurg, 
 
 r Weimar- 
 The p. of <^ Gotha- 
 Eifenac- 
 C Schwartsberg 
 The E. of < Belchrmgen- 
 {^Mansfield — 
 TfieBifhoprick of Hall 
 
 Idem, 1 3 Miles E. 
 Idem, 14 Miles W. 
 Idem, i 6 Miles W. )>of Erfurd. 
 Idem-, 24 Miles S. 
 Idem, 20 Miles N.E. 
 Idem, Miles S. W.l of Witten-^ 
 Idem, 36 Miles S. W.J burg 
 
Part II. 
 
 German), 
 
 §. 5. T'he Circle of the Lower Rhine. 
 
 Divided CEaft - 
 into (_\VeIl" 
 
 'J \_Colognt. 
 
 More particularly, 
 
 Archbifliopr. o'i Cologne 
 
 ThePalat.of theR^/"^- 
 
 Archbifho- J Tnm 
 
 prick of XMmtT:.- — 
 , Bilhoprickoffi^rw^ — I ^ 
 
 D. of Simmeren r*^ 
 
 Khinegrave - 
 
 SJulie 
 
 Meurs- — • 
 Counties ) Sponheim— 
 of ^ Veldemz. — 
 Leyningen 
 
 Cologne betv^^ecHN vu r,L- 
 
 J The Rhine. 
 
 Heidelberg upon the Nechr. 
 
 Idem upon the 
 
 Idem upon the Rhine, 
 
 Idem upon the Rhine. 
 
 Idem 33 m. W. of Memz. 
 
 Kirn 2 m. S. of Si/mneren. 
 
 Idem iSm.S.E.of C/e^'e^ in l^'efi. 
 
 Qeutznachiqm. S.W.ofMew/*. 
 
 Idem 17 m. N. E. of Tr/er^. 
 
 Idem 12 m. S. W. of Worms, 
 
 §. ^. T'^e Circle of the Upper Rhine. 
 
 Divided r North. 
 
 More particularly. 
 
 'D. of Zueybruck, or 1 ^ 
 
 Deux-Portts J 
 
 Landgr . f Hejfe Cdjfel 
 
 of \ Darrnfiat — 
 Territories of Frmcfort- — 
 
 Valdesk 
 
 Solms' — — 
 Ifemburgh— 
 Counties of / NetJfdTP 
 
 I Catzenelbeg 
 
 Hftnaw 
 
 .1^ Erpath- 
 
 c 
 
 Idem 44 m. al. W. of Worms 
 
 Cajfel farther North. 
 Idem betw. the R/;i. & Mfiine 
 Idem upon the Maine. 
 Idem upon the Maim. 
 <J Idem 7 from N.to S. on the 
 Idem J W. of the Landgr. 
 Idem'^ ( HeJfe Cajfel. 
 
 Idem V'^°™ ^ on 
 Idem ( '■^^^ ^ine. 
 Idem J 
 
lod 
 
 Germany, 
 
 Part IL 
 
 §. 7. 'the Circle of Franconia. 
 
 Divided r South - 
 into \ North- 
 
 •\chief Towni"?'«r^W- 
 -3 XjGoburg. 
 
 More particularly, 
 "The Tcrrit. of Nuremburg 
 
 {Bamberg-—^ 
 Wartsburg 
 Aichjlat--' 
 
 Idem on a branch of theMa'me 
 Idem, 2 3 m.W.of Nuremburg 
 Idem^ 
 
 Idem MromE. toW. 
 Idem J 
 
 Idem,34 m. S. oiNuremburg. 
 
 Belides thele are 
 
 The State of the great Mafter of the Teutonick Order, chief Town 
 Margentheim, f 7 Miles W. of Nurmburg. 
 
 As alfb feveral Counties, but diiefly thofe of 
 
 Reineck ————— 
 
 Wertheim 
 
 Holach — — — — 
 
 Papenheim 
 
 Schwartzenberg-- 
 Cajlel 
 
 Idem- 
 Idem - 
 
 }from N. to S. in the 
 part of this Circle. 
 
 Idem 1 2 m. W.of the Bilhopr. of Akhfiat, 
 Idem 32 m. N. V/ . of Nuremburg, 
 Idem 23 m. S. W. of Bamberg. 
 
 S. 8. ne 
 
Part 11. Germany. 
 
 107 
 
 Divided fEaft 
 into i_Weft 
 
 §. 8. The Circle of Suabia. 
 
 "Ichief Town S-^^shurg. 
 
 ————— 3 X^Stugart. 
 
 More particularly, 
 
 'D. of fVlrten&urg ^^^^S'^^'^S^^^ "7 Nigh or upon 
 
 'JJIublngen ^ the Neckar. 
 
 S 
 
 u 
 
 S' 
 P 
 
 Bilhopr.off^^"^'*''^' 
 
 fBaden 
 
 Marq. of < Burgaw 
 
 {^Ortmw 
 
 rotting 
 
 Count. of< Reckbery 
 
 l^Konifeck — — 
 ffValburg-^-^ 
 Baron of < Limpurg--> — . 
 
 lyujlingen-'-^ 
 
 ^Abbacy of Kempton--^^ 
 
 Idem upon the Lake Conjimce. 
 Idem upon the Lech. 
 Idem 58 m. W.from5//#g-^;4t 
 
 (Idem lo m.M' . from Ausburg. 
 Offenburgio m, S. from Baden 
 i Idem 56 m. N. W. fr. Conjimce 
 I Idem 2 m. S. from Tubingen. 
 Idem 58 m.N.W. fr. Ausburg. 
 Gemuna 43 m. W. from Otttng 
 Idem 1 8 m, N. from Conftnnce. 
 Id.onlVald.^o m.N.E. fr.ConJi. 
 Idem 57 m. W. from Otting. 
 Idem 18 m. S. E. from StugarJ 
 Babenhaufen ^om.S.W. fr.Aus. 
 Idem 38 m.. W. {vom Ausburg 
 ^^Idem 5*0 m. S . W. fr. Ausburg. 
 
 To the Circle of Suabia, wcadd Alfatia, chief Town is Strasburg. 
 It's divided intof ^Southward. 
 
 LoToer, Northward. 
 
 {Friburg — 
 Brifach — 
 
 J,(jwer contains the Towns of<^ Hugenato- 
 
 Frora E. to W. 
 
 (^Z^^frw, Wellward j 
 
 toN. 
 
 §. 9. Tz&ff 
 
108 
 
 Germany, Part II. 
 
 §. 5>i 'The Circle of Bavaria. 
 
 Divided f North 1 Chief Tov^n^^^"'^^'^^^^^^- 
 
 into \South, J \Munich or Mmchen. 
 
 More particularly, 
 
 Jfiorth contains JtJortgow, or the Palatinate of Bavaria, 
 
 r Lztii.tg.of Leuchenber£\ | ^Idem"^ 
 \ Territor. r 6'«/?'3r^/«f^ / o Nidem >N.toS. W. 
 Comprehending< of \Amberg—\l^<ldemJ 
 } Ahhsicy of Walthaufen {-^ fMeirT) 
 {Covnty of Chambe— J ^ (_IdemJ^- ^• 
 
 , CD. and EkOif Higher, Southw.'^ ^ r Munich or Munch. 
 South con- \ Bavaria\Lovi>er,l^oTthw. >ji< Ratisb.oxRegenfp. 
 tains Archbilhoprick of 5"/ai&2.-5«rg-- J U ydem. Southward. 
 
 Belides theft are ftveral other Dominions, as particularly 
 
 TheDutchyofNcw^r^, [Chief Town,Idem] lo Miles S. of the 
 I Biflioprick of Aichftat in Franconia. 
 
 D -/L fT Faffaw — 1 H T Idem, 68 . m . E. of Ratisbome. 
 ThcBilhopr.of^P^^A^^^^^j>^.«^jj^^^ ,om. N. of Munich. 
 
 S. 10. The 
 
Part II. Germany. 
 
 109 
 
 §. 10. The Circle of Auftria. 
 
 Divided rZower, Eaftward— 
 into (_if/^^er,Wefl:ward- 
 
 More particularly, 
 
 ^Chief Town^f^ 
 
 Vienm. 
 
 Jnfprnck. 
 
 Arch. D. of AuflrU^^^^ 
 
 . . r higher, W 
 -JW'-'^^lower, E. 
 
 ^ . rhigher.W | ^ miach-^X^, . 
 
 f Viemci\ytmm,(^<ddi the 
 Jjntz^ J whole 
 
 Gratz-'— y I 
 
 1^ lower, S. 
 
 Higher, con- r County of Tyrol — 
 tains the (_Bifliopr.of Brixe»._ 
 
 u Laubach- 
 Loes 
 
 :} 
 
 Lanbuch 
 
 o 
 ) J 
 
 Infpruck ■ 
 v^Idem— 
 
 }from. N. 
 to S. 
 
 Befides thefe, are fomc other petty Sovereignties, efpccially thefc 
 two following i 
 
 The D.fGoritia 
 
 of Xcille^ / 
 
 ... . , Cao Miles W 
 
 •of Lmbach. 
 
 Under this Circle is ordinarily comprehended Bohemia^ containing 
 
 TheK.of 5o^fwwprop.ibcaird ^ ( frague- 
 
 i«>/m.i"|^^g^^^' Northward- 
 -' i_lower. Southward - 
 
 {Eaftern- • 
 Weftern 
 
 D.of5, 
 
 . 5" higher, 
 
 Southw. 
 Nortfaw. 
 
 Pantzen j 
 Weiskirk \ ^, 
 
 After the lo Circles of- Germany, {olhv/cth Smtzerlan J, compre- 
 hending 1 3 Cantons, with ftveral Confederate Cities and Prefeftures, 
 
 ( 1.) The Thirteen Cantons are thofe of 
 
 Zurich 
 Bern, 
 
 Undersealdt 
 Zug, 
 
 Claris, 
 
 Bafil, 
 
 Jriburg, 
 
 Solothurn, 
 Schafhaufen, 
 jippenzel. 
 
 Thefc 
 
no Germany, Part. H. 
 
 Thefe Cantons are fet down according to their Votes in the ge- 
 neral Diets ; each of them hath a capital City of its own Name, 
 except Uri (chief Town of Altorf) and UnderwM (chief Town 
 Stant) and are reduc'd to three Clafles. 
 
 fBttfil 
 
 'Wefi comprehending ^ ^^^y ^^^" ^itom N. to S. 
 (j^riburg »" ' ' » ) 
 
 Schaf-haufen — 
 Zurich 
 
 ^ ] Middle comprehending <L«fer» ^from N. to S. 
 
 I Smtz 
 
 Underwald — 
 Uri 
 
 [e.)? comprehending {^IT'lllI^^- ^• 
 
 (a.) The chief Con- fGrifons, ch. T.Coire^yfjofCComty of Tirol. 
 federates of the < f the S . , <- ^ 
 
 Smtzers are the L^ity of Geneva--^- J (^Lake ot Geneva. 
 
 (?•) JJ^e chief Pre-^ lnZme?^-X on the«| >7w C"^ ^**^''^' 
 
 foftures of the ^Melligen J I J 
 
 Smtzers are the (^sargam, N. of the Grifoas. 
 
 To the German Empire we might here annex the Kingdom of 
 Hungary y it being now almoft intirely under the Emperourj but of 
 it whea we come to Turkey in 'S.Hro^e, 
 
 THIS 
 
Part IL Germany, 
 
 III 
 
 THIS great Body being divided (as afore/aid) into ten Circles ; 
 and the firft of thefe {viz. Belgium or the Netherlands) be- 
 ing moft obfervable upon feveral Accounts, we flial] take a parti- 
 cular View of the fame, as it conlifts of Holland and Flanders, md 
 then treat of all the reft conjunftly, under the Gaieral Title of 
 Upper Germany. Therefore, 
 
 §. I. HOLLAND. 
 
 iJ^amcjTTOto^/ [of old Batavia or part of ancient Belgium, 
 X± and now bounded on the Eaft by Upper Germany j 
 on the Weft and North, by part of the German Ocean j and oa the' 
 South, by Flanders'\ isterm'dhy the Italians and Spaniards, J?<?//«W/ai 
 fo call'd (as many imagine) from Ho/ and Land, two Teutonick 
 Words, fignifying a low or hollow part of Land : But others chufe 
 rather to derive the Name from Oeland (an Ifland in the Baltick 
 Sea ) whofe Inhabitants, being great Pirates, and frecjuentlv rang- 
 ing thefe Seas, at laft did icize upon, and fettle themfelves' in this 
 part of the Continent. 
 
 %iX.'\ The Air of this Country is generally Thick and Moift, 
 by reafon of the frequent Fogs which arife from the many Lakes 
 and Canals with which this Country abounds. And to this Moift- 
 nefs of the Air it is, that we may impute the Cauie of the fre- 
 quency of Agues to which the Inhabitants are ib fubjeft. The 
 oppofitc place of the Globe of Holland is that*pait of the vaft Pa- 
 cifick Ocean, between 1 84 and 1 88 Degrees of Longitude, with ci 
 and /4. Degrees of South Latitude, 
 
 ^Otl.] This Country lying very low, and in the tenth North 
 Climate ^ its Soil is naturally wet and fenny, but the induftrious In- 
 habitants do To drain it by a vaft Multitude of Artificial Canals, 
 that the Ground is made very fit both for Pafture and Tillage, 
 efpecially the former, they imploying thegreateft part of their Land 
 m Grazing vaft Herds of Kine. The length of the Days and Nights 
 is the iame as in England, South of the Humber. ^ 
 
 Commotlticfl.] Although t\it Commodities of this Country, 
 proceeding from its natural Growth, (mav, ftriftly fpeaking) be 
 reckon d only and Cheefe, yet by reafon of the many ufeftil 
 
 Manufadlures which this People encourage at Home, (the vay 
 Materials of which are brought from other Nations) and that won- 
 
 dcrfiil 
 
112 
 
 Germany, Part. II, 
 
 derful Trade which they manage abroad in moft parts of the known 
 World, we may reckon it as a publick Warchoufe of the richeft and 
 Left Commodities of all Nations. 
 
 IRattttCS.] The chief Remarkables in Holland are thefe following 
 liz.. (i.) The vaft Multitude of Artificial Sluces and Camlsy being 
 a Work of prodigious Expence and great Convenience both for 
 Traffick and Travelling. (2.) The firft Book thit ever was printed 
 in Europe, to wit a Copy of Tully's Offices carefully preferv'd, and 
 now to be feen at Harkm, where that ufeful Art of Printing was 
 at firft invented, or at leaft improv'd. C3.) The Curious Fountains 
 ( efpecially that call'd the Bafin of Venus ) and the two great Cafcades 
 or Water-falls in the pleafant Gardens belonging to Loo. (4.) The 
 brazen Font in St. Peter's Church in Zutphen, remarkable for its 
 admirable Workmanfhip. (y.) The two i>raxien Di/ljes in the Vil- 
 lage of in which were bapliz,'d (Amo ii-j6.) by TionWilliam, 
 Suffragan Bifliop Treves, 365- Children, [whereof 182 werefaid 
 to be Males, and as many Females, and the odd one an Hermaphro- 
 dite] all born at one Birth by the Countefs of Hznebergy Daughter 
 to Floreiit the IV. Earl of Holland. One of which Children (at leaft 
 an Abortive given out for one of them, the whole Matter of Fadl 
 being call'd in queftion) is to be feen in the MufsLum Regium at Copen- 
 hagen. (6. ) The remarkable Stone Quarry near Maefiritcht, which 
 looks like a vaft Subterraneous Palace, it reaching under a lai-ge Hill, 
 fupportei by fome thoufandsof fquare Pillars [ commonly 20 Foot 
 high, ] between which are fpacious Walks, and many private Re- 
 tirements of great Ufc in time of War, they fcrving as a fure Re- 
 fuge to the neighbouring Country People, who commonly refort 
 thither with their Goods alarm'd by an approaching Enemy. 
 (7.) The Room where the Synod of T>ort was held Anno 1619. 
 with the Seats as they then ftood, is fhewn to Strangers as another 
 Curiofity of this. Country. (8) The Stadt-Houfe of Amflerdam is 
 fuch a ftately Edifice, founded upon fome thoufands of large Piles 
 drove into the Ground, that the famedefcrves the particular View 
 of every curious Traveller 
 
 (9) The brazen Statte of the famous De/J. Erafmusm the City of 
 Rorm/^wislikewifc obfervable, with the little obfcure Houfe where 
 that great and eminent Man was born ; which is lignify'd to Stran- 
 gers by a Diftich over its Door in Latin, Dutch and Spani/h. Laftly, 
 among the principal Rarities of Holland we may reckon that noted 
 piece of Antiquity the Burg in Leyden, with the many rare Curiofities 
 in the famous Univerfity there; the moft remai'kable of which are 
 thefe following, (ij The Horn and Skin of 3. Rhinoceros. (2.) The 
 Head and Back of another, with the Vertebr& of its Neck. (3 .) The 
 prodisious Oyfter-ftell weighing one hundred and thirty Pounds. 
 ^ ^ ® (4.) Two 
 
Part II. Germany. 
 
 (4.) Two humane Skins, one a Man's, the other a Woman's, purely 
 tann'd and prepar'd like Leather, with a pair of Shooes madcof fuch 
 Leather, (y.) Another humane Skin drefs'd as Parchment. (6.) The 
 Effigies of a Peafintof Pr/<j(JK», who fwallowed a Knife of ten Inches 
 Length, and is faid to have lived eight Years after the fame was cut 
 out of his Stomacfi. (7.) A Shirt made of the Entrails of a Man. 
 (8.) A curious Shield made of a Sea-Tortoife-fliell. C9.) The Sto- 
 mach and Bladder of a wonderful fhape taken put of a monftrous 
 Fifli brought from Sheveling. (10.) Two Egyptim Mummiesi 
 being the Bodies of two Princes, of great Antiquity. ( 1 1 .J Two 
 Subterranean Roman Lamps, with divers Roman znd Egyptian Urns, 
 of great Antiquity. (iz.) The Limbs of feveral Sea-Monfters. 
 (15.) All the Mufcles and Tendons of the humane Body curioufly fct 
 up by Profeflbr Stalpert Vmder Wiel (14.) A Wooden Effigies of 
 the celebrated Egyptian God Ofiris, new almoft confum'd with Age. 
 (ly.j Another of Brafs, with three Egyptim Idols of Stone. (16.) An 
 Image of Ijis giving fuck to her Son Or. (17.) Another Effigies of 
 I/is upon a little Egyptian Golfer, containing the Heart of an Egyptian 
 Prince embalm'd. (18.) A piece of Rhubarb that grew in form of a 
 Dog's Head. (19.) A Cup made of a double Brain-pan. (2.0 J A 
 Loaf of Bread putrefy'd. (xi.) The monftrous Skeleton of a Man . 
 whh crooked Hands and Legs. 
 
 1|Lrcbbi(l)O]^;icb0.] Here is but one Archbiihoprick in this Goun- 
 tfy, ( viz. Utrecht ) and that only Titulary. 
 
 HfiOjOplitcfeg.J Under the Archbilhoprick of Utrecht are five' 
 Titular Suffragans, ziiz,. 
 
 Thofe CDeventer, Harlem, Middleburg. 
 
 of \Gronmgen, Leuwarden, 
 
 tOlniberStiCfl.] Univerfities in this Country are thofe of 
 
 Leyden, Groningen, 
 Utrecht, Hardermck - 
 
 Eraneker. 
 
 ^antUr0.] The Natives of this Country are reckon'd none of the 
 politefl: fort of People either in Thought or Behaviour, eif^ecially 
 the latter ; in which they lb little endeavour to follow the 
 various Modes, and nice Punitilio's of Ceremony in Uic among 
 their Neighbours the French, that they chufe rather to run to the 
 other extream. The chief Qiiality of this People, ( besides the 
 fingular Neatnefs of their Houles ) is that wonderful Genius to a 
 Jaudable Induftry, wherewith they ieem to be Univerfally infpir'd j 
 
 I<s. Perfons 
 
124 
 
 Germany, Part 11. 
 
 Perfons of all A^es, Sexes and Stations, being fome way or other 
 ufefully imploy'd. So induftriou? arc the Dutch both at home and a- 
 broad, that Holland may be fitly refembled to a large Bee-hhe, 
 whereof the City of Amflerdetm we'll reckon the Entry j where the 
 Multitude of Ships, that one fees daily going out and in, doth liveli- 
 ly reprelent the fwarm of Bees thronging out and in at the Door 
 of the Hive, when bufie at work in a Hot Summer's Day. By which 
 induftricus Hands, in carrying on feveral profitable Manufaftures at 
 home, and managing a prodigious Trade abroad, they have of late 
 advanc'd themfelves to fuch a height of Power andTreafure, as to 
 become even terrible to crown'd Heads. 
 
 ILanguagc] The Language here fpoken is the Lore-Dutch ( n 
 Dialed or" the German ) having feveral corrupted French and Latin 
 Words intermixtj a Language that hath nothing to recommend 
 it to Strangers. How it differs from the High-German, will beft 
 appear by their Pater-Ncjier, which runs thus 5 Onfe Vader die in 
 de hemeien [Zeit ] Uwn Naem werde geheylight. Utx>' koninckriiche 
 kome. U-men wille gefchiede geliick in den hemel [alfoo'] ooc^ op den 
 fterden. 0ns dagclicks broot geef ont haden. Lnde 'vergeeft ons onfe 
 (chidden geliick oock rs>y vergeven onfe fchuldenaren. Ende en Icpt ons 
 met in verfoerkinge tnaer vertoji ons van den boofeen. Amen. 
 
 dpobcrnmcnt.] The Seven Provinces of Holland being under 
 a Democratica! Government,are (as it were) feveral Common-wealths ; 
 each Province being a diftinft State, yea, and every City, having 
 an independent Power within it felf to judge of all Caufes, whether 
 Civil or Criminal, and to inflia: even Capital Punilhments : But a|l, 
 joining together, make up one Republick the moft confiderablc in 
 the Worlds' which Republick is govern'd by the Ajfemhly of the 
 States-General, confining of feven Voices, each Province having 
 One. To this Aflembly ( whofe place of Meeting is ordinarily at 
 tht Hague) belongeth the Power of making War or Peace; receiv- 
 in<y and difpatching of Ambafladorsj infpefting into the Condition 
 of'' Frontier Towns, and afllgning what Sums of Money mufl: 
 be levied for the publick Service. Matters are not determin'd here 
 in this AfTembly by Plurality of Voices, but all the Provinces muft 
 come to an unanimous Confent ; and each reprefentative, returning 
 to his refpcftive Province, muft propofe the Matter in a Provin- 
 cial AlTembly, confifting of Deputies from all Cities of that Pro- 
 vince ; which Deputies muft alfo return, and receive the Confent 
 of their Principals; otherwife nothing can be concluded. In this 
 Affi^mbly of the States-General, the feven Provinces have ftill given 
 theirVoiccs in order following ; viz. Guelder smA Zutphen firft,(becaure 
 Guelders is the eldcft, and her Plenipotentiaries did firft propofe the 
 
 Union ) 
 
Part 11. Germany I ii$ 
 
 Vn\on)tktn Holland; ^ily,Zeland ; ^.thly, Utrechf; fthly,Frie/laK(l, 
 6th\y, Over-YJfel } and laltly, Groningen. Affiftant to the Aflenibly 
 is the Council of State, (compos'd of twelve Pa-fbns, whereof Guel- 
 derlemd fends 2 ; Holland 5 j Zeland i } Utretcht 1 j FrieJIand i ; 
 Over-Teffel i ; and Groningen, 1 ; ) whofe Buiineis is to deliberate 
 previoully upon thofe Matters which are to be brought before the 
 States-General ; as alfo to ftate the Expence for the fucceeding Year, 
 and to propofe Ways and Means how to levy the fame Subfervient to 
 this Council is the Chamber of Accounts ( compos'd of two De- 
 puties from each Province) whofe Office it is to examine the pub- 
 lick Accounts, and di/pofe of the Finances. And, whenfbever the 
 States do order the fitting out a Fleet ; the Care of the fame, and 
 ordering of all Marine Affairs do rely upon the Council of the 
 Admiralty ; to which are Subordinate five Colleges in the three 
 Maritime Provinces ; 'viz,. Holland, Zeland, and Triefland, who take 
 care to execute ail Orders of that Council, accordingly as they are 
 f?nt to them from time to time. 
 
 %tm9.'] The Ehfigns A<-mofial of the /even united provinces' 
 or States of Holland are, Or, a Lion Gule, holding with one Paw a' 
 Cutleas, and with the other a Bundle of feven Arrows clofely 
 bound together, in allulion to the feven Confederate Provinces, withf 
 the following Motto, Concordia fes parvA crefcunt. 
 
 IRcliSton. ] No Country in Europe can boaft of more Religions, 
 and yet j)erhaps no pait of Chriflendom may be truly laid to be lefs 
 Religious than this is. Here indeed we may fee all Sefts and Par- 
 ties in the open Profeffion of their refpediive Tenets ( all Profeffions 
 being tolerated for Trading fake ) and yet that which the Apoftle 
 S.James { Chap. i. v. 27. J calls the pure and undefiled Religion be- 
 fore God and the Father, is as little (if notlefsj known here than in 
 any Chriftian Country whatfoever. That publickly profefs'd and ge- 
 nerally receiv'd is the reformed Religion according to the Tenets of 
 Judicious Calvin. Chrillianity was firft planted in this Country a- 
 bout the lame time with the Upper Germany ; of which afterwrards. 
 
 2. FLANDERS. 
 
 ^Atne. ] 'C Landers [the ancient Gallica Belgica: And now bounded 
 on the Eaft by part of Upper Germany 1 on the Weft by 
 part of the Gerrrian Ocean : on the North by Holland } and on the 
 'South by France'\ is termed by the Italians Flandra; by xht Spani- 
 ards, Flandre ; by the French, Flandres ; by the Germans, Flandern ; 
 aftdby xHsaEngitfh, Flanders, fo call'd (as fome imaging from Flandebert^ 
 
 K a Nephew 
 
126 
 
 Germany, 
 
 Part It 
 
 Nephew to CW/^»tlie id King of Frmce, who flourilh'd about the 
 beginning of the fifth Gentry. But others are willing rather to 
 derive it from Flandrina, Wife to Liderick the ad, who was Prince 
 of Buc, and Grand Forcfter of Flanders; and govern'd it according 
 to the Orders of Charlemaigne and Debonmire. 
 
 ?l(r.] The A'tr of theft various Provinces is generally efteem'd 
 indifferently healthful, yet the Moiftneis of the Soil doth frequently 
 occafion thick Fogs in the Winter, which would prove very preju- 
 dicial to the Inhabitants, did not dry Eaflerly Winds frQm.the main 
 Continent purifie the Air, and occahon hard Frofts for feveral 
 Months. The oppoiite Place of the Globe to Flanders, is that part 
 of the vaft Pacifick Ocean between 183 and 187 Degrees of Lon- 
 gitude, with 49 and 5-2 Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 S>Oil.] The Soil of this Country (it lying in the 9th Northern 
 Climate ) is not the iame in all Parts, being in Ibme conhderably 
 better than others, but yet good in all; fo fertile is it in Grain, 
 Roots, and many forts of Fruits, that 'tis hardly to be paralleled by 
 any Spot of Ground in the fame Climate. In the Counties of Hej- 
 nault 3tid Namtir, as likewife in the Biflioprick of Liege, are found 
 Ibme Mines of Iron and Lead, with Quarries of Marble, and feveral 
 Pits of excellent Coal. The Length of the Days and Nights is the 
 lame, as in the North of France and South of Bngland, 
 
 Commot)ittC0.] The chief Commodities of this Country, be- 
 ing the Produft of their Manutaftures, are Tapeflries, Worfled 
 Stuffs, Linen-Cloth, Wrought-Silks. Camblets, Lace, iQ:>c. 
 
 IRaritiCS.] Near to St. 0>»m is a large Lake in which are divers 
 floating Iflands, mofl of them inhabited, and moveable by Ropes 
 ty'd to flrong Poles fixt fafl in the Ground ; and in on'? of them 
 is a Church with a Monaflery of the Order of St. Bernard. (2.) At 
 Tongres ( 10 Miles North- Weft from i/eg-e) are to be fcen fome Mo- 
 numents of ancient Temples, and other Buildings, ere£ied by the 
 Romans. C3J In the (lately Catheral of Antwerp (dedicated to the 
 BlefTed Virgin) are no lefs than 66 different Chapels. (4 J At Ghent 
 is a Tower call'd Belfaft, in which hangs a Bell nam'd Roland, which 
 weighs nooo Pound. (y.) Remarkable is the Sounding Gallery 
 in Bruifds, which repeats an Eccho ij" times; and Spau ox Spavf 
 ( a Village in the Bifhoprick of Liege ) is famous all the World o- 
 ver, tor its curious Springs of Medicinal Waters. 
 
Part II. Germany » 
 
 127 
 
 2|tC^b((l)(H>?UbS^'] Archbifliopricks I'n this Country arethoj«of 
 
 Mdines. Cambray. 
 
 1l54(^Op^iCll0. ] Bifhopricks in this Country are thoic ol' 
 
 llege, Bo'^ ^'^''y 
 
 Antwerp, Arras, 
 
 Ghent, Toarnay, 
 
 Bruges^ S. Omer's. 
 
 rpres, Namur. 
 Ruremond, 
 
 ^nMKtdtiCf.] Univerfities in this Country are thofeof 
 
 Lova'me, Bouay, Liege. 
 
 ^annerd. ] The Inhabitants of thefe various Provinces being (fa: 
 the moft part) a mixture of Spani/J), French and Dutch ; their Chara- 
 j£ter in general will be beft learn'd by confidering the refpe£iive Cha- 
 radlers of thefe three Nations ( which may be leen in their proper 
 Places ) and comparing them one with another. 
 
 Jl/anguagc] The Language vulgarly us'd in Flanders is that 
 cali'd the Walloon, (except thole Provinces which border on Holland, 
 where the Dutch prevails ) which is a corrupt French, with an In- 
 termixture of feveral Dutch, and many Spanijl) Words. How it 
 differeth from the pure French, will beft appear by ^thcir Fatrr-nofler, 
 which runs thus : Nos peer qui et au Cieux : faniiifie foi te No/n, ad- 
 veen ton Rejam j ta Volonte je fait en terre commes es Cieux ^ Donne 
 nay ajorhuy no pain qnotidien : & pardonne no det comme non pardoanon 
 a nos detteux ; ?^ne no indfi en tentation ; mats deiivrems des maux. 
 Anfe foit il. Amen. 
 
 (©Oberumcnt.] This Country (x-k. all thofe Provinces belonging 
 ■ to the Spaniards before the late War, and fmce reftor'd by the Peace 
 of Ryfwick) doth acknowledge his Catholick Majefty as fupream Lord, 
 who ufed hitherto to rule the fame by his Subftitute ftyl'd Governour 
 General of the Netherlands: For whofeAlllftance were allow'dtlirce 
 Councils, viz.. (i.) The Council of State, in which were tranfacted the 
 weightieft of the Publick Aliairs; fuch asthoiethat relate to Peace 
 and War, Leagues and Alliances. (2.) The Vrivy Council, which de- 
 termined the Limits of Provinces, publifhed Edifts, and decided Mat- 
 ters brought thither by appeal from other Courts of J udicatuie. ( % ) The 
 
 J Council 
 
128 
 
 Germany, Part 11, 
 
 Council of Tinmees, to which belong'd the Care and Management of 
 the Publick Revenue, and Taxes, fupervifing the Accounts of Re- 
 ceivers 5 and proportioning the Expence and Charge of the War. 
 As for Levying of Money, and Enafting of new Laws, that was 
 the Bufineis of the Convention of the Eftates ( confifting of the No- 
 bility, principal Perfons of the Clergy, and Deputies of the chief: Ci- 
 ties ) who ordinarily aflembled at Bruxels, when call'd by the Go- 
 vemour General. For the better maintaining the Peace tlirough all 
 the Provinces, and taking due Care of the Standing Forces, each 
 Province had its particular Governour appointed in Subordination 
 to the Governour General. And, for an tJniverfal Adminiftration 
 of Juftice, every Province had its peculiar Provoft, whofe Power 
 Criminal Matters was reckon 'd very great. This was the fettled 
 form of Civil Government in thele Provinces, and thus have they 
 been rd'd for many Years i but what mighty Alterations are lately 
 inade, and how publick Affairs are now manag'd in them, hnce 
 the Acceflion of the D. of Anjou to the Crown of S^ain, I need 
 not fay. 
 
 ^ttne.] See Spain. 
 
 |{{cligion.] The Religion predominant in all theProvinfresof the 
 J^etherlands,hefoTe the dawning of that happy day of our Reformation, 
 was inthely the Do£trine of the Roman Church. -But the Errors and 
 Ablurdities of that Doftrine being openly expos'd to the World by 
 pur wife Reformers ; the King of Spain ( to hinder a jfarther Pro- 
 grefs in that Matter ) fet up the mottievere and barbarous Court of 
 Inquifitiori, which occafion'd no fmall Difturbance, and at laft a 
 bloody War, that ended in a total Alienation of the feven united Pro- 
 vinces, the other ten ftill remaining in the Profeflion of the Komijh 
 Religion ( as at this Day ) and that in its groflcft Errors. Chrifiiani- 
 ty was planted in this Country about the fame time with the united 
 Provinces. 
 
 UPPER GERMANT, 
 
 H^aittClT "J -'per Germany [containing only a part of aftcient Ger- 
 ^' ' Vf many, as alio a little of Gaul and lllyricum, with fome 
 of old Italf: And now bounded on the Eaft by Poland ; on the Weft by 
 France} on the North by Denmark, with apart of the Baltique Sea,- 
 and on the South by Italy J is term'dby the Italians Aha Allemagna ; 
 by the Spaniards Aiemania /lita ; by the French Haute Allemagne j 
 by the Gc; n'siis Oxor teutfchlandi and by the Englifh Germm, ■ Why 
 ib Ciii'd s much co'.i; ,-ovc ';ted by our modern Criticks, fcftit German 
 Author :. I„c:n': wii;;r;g i.u ('crive its Etymology from words in their 
 own LanguagCj as Gaar menntrh i. e. very much Men. Others from Gere 
 
Part II. 
 
 Germanyl 
 
 129 
 
 fignifyingtoG^;'(^cr, becaufe the Gerw/iw^ feem'd to be an AjfiimbJ^ge 
 of many Nations j others from Gar and Mmy to denote that they 
 were dfi^ar like People. Some (tho' with Tittle ground J would fain 
 allow it an Hebrew Derivation. But the moft probable Opinion of ail 
 is, thnt the Inhabitants of this Country were called Germam by the 
 Romans, either becaufe they were a /incere and lionell fort of People, 
 or thereby to denote that they were Brothers to their Neighbours the 
 Gauls. 
 
 2Iir.] The ^ir of this Country diffefeth confiderably according to 
 the Situation of the various Parts of this large Continent. Towards 
 the North, it's generally very Cold, but in the Southmoft Provinces, 
 it's of the lame Temper as in thofe Places of France which lie under 
 the fame Parallels. The oppofite Place of the Globe to Germany, is 
 that part of the vafl Pacifick Ocean betwixt 186 and 198 Degreesof 
 Longitude, with 4 f and Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 j^OU.] The^o/Vof this Country (it lying in the 8th, 9th, loth, 
 and I ith North Climate ) is very different according to the Situation 
 of its different Parts. In the Southern Circles, as alio thole in the 
 middle Part of the Continent, particularly the Upper and Lower 
 Rhine, there is hardly any Country in the World can excel them for 
 plenty of Fruits, Corn and Wine : But towards the North, name- 
 ly thn two Saxonies and Wejlphalia, the Soil is not near fo fertile, 
 efpecially in Wine ( Grapes never coming to full Perfeftion there ; ) 
 however, as for Corn and Pafturage, they arc abundantly fur- 
 nifli'd with them ; and the whole Country in the main is tolera- 
 bly pleafant, healthful and profitable, abounding not only with all 
 things necelTary, but alio with many of the Comforts of human 
 Life. The longefl: Day in the Northmoft part is about 1 7 Hours, 4.. 
 The fliorteft in the Southmoft, 8 Hours i. and the Nights propor- 
 tionably. 
 
 CommOBtttf IS.] The chief Commodities of this Country are Corn, 
 Metals, Allom, Salt, Wine, Flefli, Linen, Quicklilver, Armours, and 
 Iron-works, 0--c. 
 
 iRarittW. ] V/hat things do moftly Merit the Epithet of Rare 
 and Curious in this vaft Country, ar^reducible to thefe following 
 Heads} 'visi.{i) Some -vay obfervable Springs; as That near Geesiach 
 in Alface, whofe Top is covered with a foul fat oily Subftance, ordi- 
 narily us'd by the Pealants thereabouts, as common Wheel Grcafe: 
 Another near Fader born in Weftphalia, call'd Me thorn, which hath 
 three Streams very different from one another, both in Colour, Tafre 
 and Qiialiries ; and a third in the Diocels of PaJcrbom, obfervable m 
 that it lofeth it felf twice every 24 Hours, returning always back at the 
 Interval of 6 Hours, and that with fuch Violence as to drive three 
 
 K 4 Mill; 
 
Germany. Part II 
 
 Mills not far from its Source. Here are alio many Suit Springs j parti- 
 cularly that near Lunenburg, in the D. of Lunenburg , another at Hall in 
 Vlfpcv SaxoKy, and a third atSaltawetlel'm the Marquilateof Branden- 
 burg. To thcfe we may add a vaft multitude of Springs whole Waters 
 are highly priz'd both for Purging and Bathing, elpecially the ktter ; 
 as particularly thofe at Stugars in Wirtemburg ; thofe at Aix la Chapelle 
 in M-ijiphalia, and thole in the Marquiftte of Baden, from whence the 
 whole Country derivts its Name. (2.) Some ftrange kind of Lakes; 
 particularly that in Cftrniola call'd the Zirchmtz,er Sea, in length about 
 X.WO Gerj:mn Miles, and one broad; oblervable for its many fubtefta- 
 neous Caves and Pallages, in which both the Water and Fifhes of the 
 Lake do yearly retire in the Month of June, and return again about 
 September-. As alio another in Suabia ; the Nature of whofe Waters 
 is luch, that they aftually finge Fiiliing-nets, when funk to the bottom. 
 ('3) Remarkable Caves, particularly thztnt^x Blackenburgh'm'LoweT 
 Saxony, commonly call'd Bumaris. Hole ; of which none have yet found 
 the End, tho' many have travell'd a vaft way into it, on purpofe to 
 come at the fame. Another call'd Grom Tropetfchto, with many other 
 fubterranccus Caves in Carniola, near the Zirchmtaer-Sea above-men- 
 licn'd. And finally thatncdx Hamelen (about 3 o Miles from Hanover) 
 at Vv'hofe Mouth flands a Monument exprefling the Lofs of 1 30 Chil- 
 dren, who vvere fwallowed up alive in that very place above 400 
 T ears ago. But, according to a certain Tradition in Tranfylvania, thofe 
 Children were tranfported thither, there being many Perl^>ns in that 
 Country,who, to this very Day, do o^vn themfelves for their Poflerity. 
 (4.) Stately Edifices, efpecially Ibme famous Cathedrals, as particularly 
 t hofc oiStrasbtirg and Magdeburg, (In the latter of which are 49 Altars) 
 ar, alio that of U!m, remarkable for its curious Organ, fo much talked 
 pf, it being 9 3 Foot high, and 28 broad i being likewifefurnifk'd with 
 1 6 pair of Beliows , and having P p^s of fuch a prodigious Bignefs, that 
 the largeft of them is 1 3 Inches Diameter, (f.) Some obfervable Rocks 
 and Stones, particularly thofe two Rocks nigh to Blackenburg, ( above- 
 menticn'd) which naturallyreprcfent two Monks in their proper Ha- 
 bit,'; , and that as exactly as if defign'd for fuch ; and near to Blackenburg 
 aiefevcral Stones dug out of the Ground, having on them the Repre- 
 fcnlaticn of divers Animals, efpecially Fifhes in a neighbouring Lake; 
 raid fometimp, the RefemblanCe of a Man. In another Lake, in the 
 1- -rldom of Mansfield, are Stpnes exaftly fl^ap d like 'Frogs and various 
 fo; ts of Fiflies. Add to thcfe the remarkable Stones commonly found 
 upon Mcunt Calenbcrg (about two German Miles from Vienna) having 
 thclivcl)' Imprcflion of Trees and Lcavesof Trees upon them. As-alfo 
 a Quarry in thofe Pai ts, out of which are dug fome Stones equally 
 traniir.rtnt v/ith rcfln'd Sugar-candy. (6.) Many choice Cabinets of 
 Rariiicp, cipcciaily tkatAn the Pqlace of Infprurk, with another at Dnf- 
 iieui but the chief of all is that in the Emperor's Palace at Vienrm, 
 
 \vhoie 
 
Part 11. 
 
 Germany. 
 
 131 
 
 whofe Curiofities are fb vaftly numerous, that a bare Catalogue of 
 them makes a compleat Volume in Folio. (7 .) At Mentz, is a Mo- 
 dern Curiofity, which is carefully kept, and commonly fliewn to 
 Strangers, I'iz.. a Lenf of Parchment, on which are fairly written 
 twelve different forts of Hands, v/ith variety of Miniatures and 
 Draughts curioufly done with a Pen,and that by one Thomas Schuviker, 
 who' was born without Hands, and perform'd the fame with his 
 Feet. As for the famous Tun. of Heidelberg ( being 3 1 Foot long 
 and 2 1 high, before 'twas deftroy'd by the Trench in the late War ) 
 the lame was fo well known that I fliould hardh have laid any thing 
 of it. Laflly, To thefe RenMrk&bles in Germany we may here add the 
 Dominican's Chapel in the City of Bern, tho' beonging to Switzer- 
 land, in which is ftil! to be feen an Artificial Hole, or a narrow 
 PafTage between that Chapel and one of the Dominican's Cells, which 
 Hoh is ftill fl^ewn to Strangers, as a lading Monument of one of 
 the greateft Cheats that was ever yet difcover'i in the Church of 
 Rome : I mean that notorious pretended Miracle which the Domini- 
 cans impos'd upon the World towards the begnning of the ij-th 
 Century, to confirm then- part of that Contrcverfy which was 
 hotly tolTed between them and the Trancifcais concerning the 
 Immaculate Conception of the BhefTed Virgin. The Palfage is fo 
 well known, that I fliould hardly defcend to Pai ticulars, evenfuppo- 
 ling this were a proper Place forfuch a Narrative 
 
 !3^rc\)i)ifb01??*ffeS0 Archbilhppricks in this Country are thofe of 
 
 Mentz, 
 Triers, 
 Cologn, 
 Magdeburg, 
 
 Stltzburg, 
 Iremen, ' 
 
 'JKtCbopjtCfcjf.] Bilhopricks in this Country are thofe of 
 
 Metz^ 
 
 Tout, 
 
 Verdun, 
 
 Liege,, 
 
 Munfter, 
 
 MindeUf 
 
 Ofnabrugy 
 
 Jdeijfen, 
 
 Maesburg, 
 
 flmmbmgi 
 
 Brandenburg, 
 
 Harvelberg, 
 
 Spire, 
 
 Worms, 
 
 Strasburg, 
 
 Wurtzbmg, 
 
 Aichfiat, 
 
 Verden, 
 
 Ghur, 
 
 HiideJJieimy 
 
 Faderborn, 
 
 Conflance, 
 
 Halberfiadt, 
 
 Bamberg, 
 
 Treifenghen, 
 
 Ratisbon, 
 
 Pajfaw, 
 
 Chiemfe, 
 
 Seckaw, 
 
 lavant. 
 
 Brixen, 
 
 Gurk, 
 
 Vienna, 
 
 Nevpftadtf 
 
 Lubeck, 
 
 Ratzburg. 
 
 Scheweirin, 
 
 Olmutz, 
 
 Leutmeritz, 
 
 Konningfgratz: 
 
1 3 i Germany, Part II. 
 
 tiilnitetSie0-] Univerfities in this Country are thofe of 
 
 Vienna, Leipjick, Trmcfort on Oder, Helmftadt, 
 
 Trague, Erfurt, Marpurg^ Sigen, 
 
 Mentz,, Tr'iburg, Strnsburg, Tadorhorn, 
 
 Cologn, Ingolflat, Gipfwald, Altorfe, 
 
 Triers, Tubingen, BilUnghen, Olmutx,, 
 
 Liege, Hofiock, Jena, Kieh 
 
 Heidelberg, Wittenberg, Lewenghen, Cratz. 
 
 iS^annCtjS.] The High Germans are generally reputed a very fblid 
 and honeft Ibrt of People. The trading part of 'em are found to be 
 extreamly fair in their Dealings, and ambitious to keep up the io 
 much renowned Sincerity of their Forefathers. Thofe who betake 
 themfelves either to Mars or Minerva ( efpecially the former) prove 
 commonly very worthy Difciples. This People hath likewife a mighty 
 Genius for mechanical ibrt of Learning ; and feveral of them are fa- 
 mous for fome lingular Inventions, particularly that of the latal In- 
 ftrumcntthe Gun, accidentally difcovered by one Bartholdus Swart a 
 Frier, when making a Chymical Experiment with a Crucible let 
 over the Fire, having Salt-petre and Sulphur, and other fuch-like 
 Ingredients, intei-mixt. They are alfo laid to have found out that 
 moll ufeful Art of Printing ; but the Hollanders do eagerly deny them 
 the Honour of that Invention, afcribing the lame to one Laurence 
 Cofter of Harlem ; and, upon llri£b Enquiry, it appears that the Ger- 
 mans had indeed the firft hint of this Art from Holland; and that 
 they only improv'd and perfected the fame at Mentz.. The moft noted, 
 of the many mechanical Operations of this People of late, is that 
 curious Watch of the Emperor Charles the Fifths fet in the Jewel of 
 his Ring; as alio that Clock of the Eledor of Saxonfs, fixt in the 
 Pommel of his Saddle. As for the Iron Fly and \\'ooden Eagle of 
 Regiomontanus, they are lb well known, that it's fuperfluous even to 
 name them ; only this I may add, that the firfl: Invention and Con- 
 trivance of the latter (tho' commonly attributed to Regiomontanus as 
 well as the former) is deny'd him by A, Gellus, who afcribes the 
 Honour of that curious piece of Meclianifm to the Ingenuity of 
 Arclytas. 
 
 IB,anguage.] The Language here us'd, is thatcall'd the High-Butch, 
 a Language very ancient, and generally efl-eem'd both Noble and 
 Manly in the Pronunciation ; more becoming a General than a Courti- 
 er. None of the Weftern European Tongues hath lefs Affinity with the 
 Latin than it has. The Maternal Languages of leveral Kingdoms, and 
 different States in Europe, are OriginaHy from the Germans. It's now 
 divided into a great many Dialers, very different from one another. 
 
 The 
 
Part II. Qermany. 
 
 133 
 
 The purefl of which is generally eftccm'd ipoken of in Mifn'ta. 
 Fater-nofter in the High German runs th"as : Unfer Vatter der du hijl in 
 himmel, geheyliget werde dei Nahim. Zukomm uns deinRiici> ^ dein 
 ■wille gefchene uferden, -wie itn hitnmel. U/ifer tugUch brodt glbbuns heutz 
 unde Vergebuns, unfer fculdt, als ivir vergonen mfem fculdigern und 
 fuchr uns nicht in Verfuchung ; fonder erh fi: uns Dom ubel. Amen. 
 
 d^obemmfnt-] This great Body conipi cliends above three hun- 
 dred different Sovereignties, but all {ox moll of them) are Homa- 
 gers to one Head, own'd as Supreams "J^'^- The Emperor of Gev- 
 mmy. The Empire is eleftive, and govcrn'd by Dyets, almoft like 
 the General Eftates of France. The (landing Law of the Empire 
 { which bindeth all the feveral States as the various Members of one 
 Body ) is the Civil or Roman, mix'd with the Canon j to which add 
 the ancient Cuftoms of the Germms, and the various Statutes of the 
 Dyets made from time to time. Th^- ieveral States have their pecu- 
 liar Laws obligatory within themielvcs. The whole Empire being 
 divided into ten Circles, each of 'em (excepting Belgium, or the 
 Circle of Burgundy, which now is allow'd no Vote in the Dyet) hath 
 one or more Dire£lors who preli.de at their Aflemblies, i^/'z,. For 
 Wefifhalia, the Bifliop of Munfier and Duke of Newberg are Diredlors. 
 iFor Lower Saxony are the Marquelr- of Brandenburg (now King of 
 VruJJia) and Duke of Brunfreick by turns. For Upper Saxony is the 
 Elcftor of Saxony now King of Tolrnd. For the Lower Rhine is the 
 Archbifliop of Mentz,. For the Upper Rhine are the Eledlor Palatine 
 and Bifiicp of Worms. For FrancoK'ia^ are the Bifliop of Bamburg, and 
 Marquis of Culcf/iback. Yor Srjabia^'axtxkt'DuktoilVirtembergyti.nd 
 Bin^op of Conflmce. For Bavaria, are the Eledior of Bavaria, and 
 Archbifliop of Saltz,burg. And laftly, Aujlria, its Diredfor is the 
 Arch-dukc of A^^firia, or his Imperial Majefty. Two or three Cir- 
 cles may meet when one of them is attack 'd from without, or in any 
 Confuiion within. The General Dyets coniift of three Bodies, viz. 
 Elecloral Princes, other Princes, and Imperial Cities. But more par- 
 ticularly; in this great Body we n:ay reduce all Sovereignties to 
 theic Five ; namely, 
 
 The Emperor, The Ecclcfiajiick Princes, 
 
 The EleSlors. Tlie Secular Princes^ 
 
 The Free Cities. 
 
 I . The Emperour, who (being of the Hotife of Aujlria) doth claim 
 three forts of Dominion, t^/x.thatof .^-//^/rn'^ as Hereditary; Bohemia 
 as his Right; zndi Hungary by Eledion. In his Life-time he cauftth 
 his own Son or Brother, or (liiiling of thefc) one of hisneareft Kinf- 
 mento be crown'd King of Hungary, afterwards King of Bohemi^ti 
 and then ( if the Eledlors are vv'iliing ) he is chofen King of the 
 Romans i Vv'hereby he is SuccelTor Prei'uinptive to the Empire. The 
 
 Power 
 
Germany, 
 
 Part IL 
 
 Power of the Emperor is much impair'd by feveral Capitulations be- 
 twixt him and the Princes of the Empire. It's true, that only he can 
 confer Honours, create Princes, affranchife Cities, inftitute Univerli- 
 ties, and fuch like : Yet as to the Legiflative Power, and that of Levy- 
 ing Taxes upon the whole Empire, that is wholly lodg'd in the Gene- 
 ral Dyet conjundtly with him, and, by a late Capitulation, he is not to 
 enter into Alliance, or make War with any Foreign Prince without 
 Conlent of the Eleftors. However, if we confider only his own Here- 
 ditary Dominions, he is a powerful Prince ; and, to fupport the 
 Grandeur of the Imperial Dignity, he is ferv'd by the greateft Princet; 
 of the Empire j is addrefledunro by the Auguft Title of Cxfrr ; and 
 the Ambafladors of all crown'd Heads, and Free States in Europe, give 
 place to thofe fentby him, at what Foreign Court foever it be. 
 
 II. Eleciors, who are now nine in Number, -u/jc. thefe following: 
 (i.) The Archbifhop of Mentz,, who is Great Chancellor of the 
 Empire in Germttm ; fits on the Emperor's Right-hand in the Dyet, 
 and did formerly Crown the Kixg of Bohemia,. ('2 .) The Archbifhop 
 of Triers or Trevers, who is Great Chancellor of the Empire in 
 Trance ; claims the firft Vote in Eiedling the Emperor 5 and fits over 
 sgainft him in the Dyet. (3.) The Archbifliop of Cologn, who is 
 Great Chancellor of the Empire in Italy i claims the firft Vote in 
 chufing the King of the Romans i fets the Crown on his Head j and 
 fits next the Emperor. (4.) The King of Bohemia ( who hath only 
 a Scat in the Eleftion ) is Cup-bearer, and in the publick ProceflTion 
 walks next the Emperor or King of the Romans, (f .) The Duke of 
 Bavaria, who is Great Steward ^ and in time of the publick Procef- 
 lion carrieth the Globe before the Emperor. (6.) The Duke of Sax- 
 ony, who is Great Mcwflial of the Empire j and at the publick Pro- 
 ceffion carrieth the naked Sword before the Emperor. (7 .) The 
 Marquis of Branderburg, now King ofTruj]?a) who is Great Cham- 
 beilain, and at the puHick Proceflion carrieth the Scepter be- 
 fore the Emperor. (8.) The Prince Palatine of the Rhine, who is 
 Great Treafurer; and in the Procelfion at Coronations fcattereth 
 ^'ledals among the People. (9.) The ninth Elcftor is Duke of Brmf- 
 ■wick, Lunenburg, Ha?}over, George Lewis, and King of Great Bri- 
 tain, &c. Son of ErnejlHs Augujlus, who was added to the 
 Eleftoral College in the Year 1693. Thefe Princes have much 
 greater Authority, and enjoy more ample Privileges than the other 
 Princes of the Empire. To them belongeth not only a Right of 
 Eleding the Emperor and King of the Romans ( as aforefaid ) but 
 alfo fomc allow them even a Depofing Power. When the Empe- 
 ror calls a Dyet, he is obliged to ask their Advice i and during an In- 
 terreign, two of them ( -viz. the Electors of Saxony and Bavaria ) 
 have Power to govern the Empire i the Juriididlion of the former 
 extending over the Northern, and tUt of the other over the South- 
 ern Circles of the Empir*. IH. ^.ccle- 
 
Part II; 
 
 Germany. 
 
 in. Ecdefiaftick Trinces, who (befides thefirft three Eleilors^ arc 
 chiefly thefe following, viz.. Archbifliop of S(iltz,burg [Great Mafter 
 of the Teutonick Order] the Bifhop of Liege, Munfter, Spire, Worms, 
 Wurtz.burg, Strasbiirg, Ofmbrug, Bamberg, Paderborn, &c. and ma- 
 ny Abbots and Abbeffes, who are abfolute over the Temporality of 
 their Benefices. The Ele<3:ion to their various Dignities belongs whol- 
 ly to their feveral Chapters, and they govern the People in fuajeftion 
 to them as Sovereign Princes, without any Cognizance of a higher 
 liower. 
 
 IV. Sei^ular Trinces, who are chleRy the Dukes of tunenbuf-g,lVfr- 
 iembmg, Mecklenburg, Sax Lstueriburg, &c. Marqiiefs of Baden, Cu- 
 lemb{tch, &c. The Landgrave of if <?/}, Princes oi' Eafi-Friez.land,NaJpttt 
 Anhalt, &c. Counts of Solms, Aversburg, 8cc. and many other Dukes, 
 MflrquelTes and Landgraves; as alio ibme Earll and Barons who 
 exercife a Sovereign Power over thofc in their own Dominions. 
 
 V. Free Cities, which zte either Imperial or Hans J'owns. Imperial 
 Cities are thofe which bear the Eagle of the Empire in their Arms, and 
 have right to fend their Deputies to the Dyet of the Empire. Haas- 
 Towns 3.Te thofe, which about the End of the 13th Century, entred 
 into a firm Leagne of mutually affifting one another in time of Di- 
 ttrefs; as alfb in carrying on fuch a regular Commerjce as might 
 univerlally tend to their Advantage, and the publick good of the Em- 
 pire. W hich Society encreafcd to the Number of eighty Cities, who 
 enjoy'd great Privileges, and exercis'd a peculiar JurildixStion among 
 themfelves. For the better Adminiftration of which, they were di- 
 vided into four Circles, diftinguifli'd by the Names of four principal 
 Cities, in which were eftablifh'd their Courts of Judicature i viz. 
 tubeck, Cologn, Brwjfwick, and Dantzick. But this Society hath 
 been on the declining hand almoft two hundred Years, and is now 
 become very inconliderable. 
 
 Chief Courts in Germany, for hearing and determining the Great 
 Caufes of the Empire, are two, viz . The Imperial Chamber Cand Cham- 
 ber ofViema. ( i .} The Imperial Chamber (confifting of fifty Judges, 
 call'd AjfeJJers, whereof the Emperor appointeth the Prefident, and 
 four of the Principal Officers ; each of the fele£tors chufing one ; 
 and the reft being nsminated by the other Princes and States of the 
 Empire, whole Bufinefs is to determine all Difputes which arife from 
 time to time between the Prince^ ; as alfo other Caufes brought thither 
 by Appeal from Inferior Courts. The Seat of this Judicature was for-r 
 merly at Spires, but now at JVetJIar in Hep. (i.) The Chamber of 
 Vienna, whofe Office it is alfo to decide all Caufes brought to it by 
 Appeals from Inferiour Courts,and claims the fame AuthorTty with the 
 Chamber of Spires. The Seat of this Court is the Emperor's Palace, and 
 cither he himfelf.or his Deputy, fits as chie& being aflifted by a com- 
 petent number of judges, whereof feverajare Profcflbrs of the Pro- 
 
 teftmt 
 
ijdf Germanj. 
 
 Par T. It 
 
 tejimt Religiort. In both theft Courts the Emperour (as Sovereign 
 Judge, and Prefident ) pronounccth Sentence when there in Perfbn j 
 and in his Abfence thofe deputed by him, who reprelenting him- 
 ielf, are allow'd to carry the Imperial Scepter as a Mark of their 
 Dignity. In particular Courts they follow the Laws of the Empire, 
 which confift in many ancient Conftitutions ; the Golden Bull; the 
 Pacification of Pajptw ; as alio the Treaties of fVefiphalia in the Sizxoft 
 Law eftablifli'd by Charlemain ; and the Roman by the Empcrouf 
 Jufiinim ; which laft they observe whenfbever the Saxon has not 
 been receiv'd. All Princes, States, and Members of the Empire 
 have (and actually Exercife ) a Sovereign Power,. within their own 
 Territories; except in fbme particular Ca/es^ wherein People may 
 Appeal either to the Imperial Chamber of Sfires, or that at Vienna, 
 commonly cali'd the Aulick Council. 
 
 After the Government of Germany , we may add that: 
 of Sxvitz.erland and Geneva. 
 
 I. Switzerland (a large Common-wealth, confifting of feveral lit- 
 tle ones, viz. Thirteen Cantons, every one of them being abfblute 
 within their own Jurifdiftion ) is under a Popular Government in the 
 main; yet not ftridily fo in relpeftof every particular Canton, thole 
 of Bern, Zurich, and Lucern, being more properly under an Arijlo- 
 cracy than any other ; lince the Authority of the Gentry doth moft 
 prevail in them. However, the whole Body of the State, confl- 
 der'd as one Complex Republick, confifteth of three diftin£t Parts, 
 viz. The Svpitzers themfelves, diftributed as (afo'relaid) into Thir- 
 teen Cantons. Secondly, Thofe States Confederate with them for 
 their common Liberty and Proteftion, And Thirdly, The Pre- 
 fefture* fubje£led to them, whether by Gift, Purchafe, or Chance, 
 (i.) The Body of the Cantons is gove^n'd by each Canton, having 
 its particular Magiftrate of their own chuling ; by whom ( with 
 a ftanding Council, conilfting of Perfbns elected out of the People ) 
 all particular Controverfies of the Canton are heard and determin'd. 
 But, when any publick Caufe occurs, which relates to all the Can- 
 tons, then each of them fends its CommilTioner to the genera] Dyet, 
 (which ordinarily meets at Baden ) where every Canton hath one 
 Vote, and Matters are determin'd by the major part. (^.) Confede- 
 rate States; the chief of which (befides Geneva) are the Grifons, an 
 adjacent Common-wealth, govern'd in like manner as the Switzers. 
 Of all the Allies of the Switzers, there's none more Potent than 
 thele. They entred firft into a League one with another. Anno 1 47 1 . 
 and afterwards with the Switzers in 149 1. Their Country lies a- 
 mong inacceflTible Mountains, and hideous Precipices, and they di- 
 
Part II. 
 
 Germany] 
 
 137 
 
 vide themfelves into fix Parts, njlz,. The Grey League. The League 
 of the Houfe of God. The League of the TenJurifdiEtions, The 
 Vftlteline. And laitlv, The Countries of Chiavam and Bornio. Some 
 believ'd they deriv'd the Title of Grifons from the Cuilom of wearing 
 Grey Scarfs, when firft they entred into the League together. (3.) 
 Frefeclures of the Swhzers, particularly thofe Countries and Cities of 
 Baden and Sargans, with many other Towns and Villages fituated 
 nigh unto, or among the Alps. 
 
 11. Geneva, being a Free Republick, is govem'd by its own Ma- 
 giftrates, and is in Confederacy with the Cantons of Switzerland, 
 whom it refembles very much in the Conftitution of its Gorern- 
 ment. The Sovereignty of the State is lodg'd in a Council of two 
 Hundred, out of which a lefler Council confifting of twenty five is 
 chofen ( both which being for Life, ferve for Checks one to ano- 
 ther ) and finally out of thefe twenty five, are eledted four Principal 
 Officers, whom they call the Syndicks, who have the fole Manage- 
 ment of the Common-wealth ; except it be in Tome great Matter, 
 as making of Peace or War 5 Offenfive or Defenfive Leagues j hear- 
 ing Appeals, and fuch like General Concerns, which is the Bufinefs of 
 the Great Council to confider and determine. 
 
 3frt«0.] The Emperor of Germany for Armorial "Enfigns bears 
 Quarterly, i . Barwiie, Argent and Gules of eight Pieces, for Hungary. 
 a. Argent, a Lyon, Gules, the Tail noved, and pafled in Saltier, 
 Crowned, Languid, and Armed, Or, ^ox Bohemia, Gules; aFefle 
 Argent, for Auftria. Party and bendwife, Argent and Azure, 9 
 border Gules, for Ancient Burgundy. 4 Qiiarterly in the firft and 
 laft Gules z Caftle triple towered, Or, purfled Sable, for Cajiile. In 
 the fecond and third Argent, a Lyon purple for Leon. The Shield 
 erefted with an Imperial ' Crown, clofed and raifed in fhape of a 
 Mitre, having betwixt the two Points a Diadem furmounted with 
 a Globe and Crofs, Or. This Shield, environed with a Collar of the 
 Order of the Golden Fleece, is plac'd on the Breaft of an Eagle dif- 
 played SaHe in a Field, Or, Diadem, membred and beaked Gules, 
 holding a naked Sword in the right Talon, and a Scepter in the 
 left. The two Heads fignifie the Eaftern and Weftern Empire j and 
 for the Motto are thefe Words, Uno avulfo non deficit alter. But 
 the Emperours's peculiar Device is, Vax falus Europe. 
 
 IRcHgiOtt.] The Laws of the Empire give free Toleration to the 
 publick Exercife of three Religions, viz. the Lutheran, Calvinift, 
 and Topif!), and in fome Places all three Parties celebrate Divine 
 Worfliip in one and the fame Church, at different times of the 
 Day ; as among others, at Manheim in the Palatinate , before it 
 
 was 
 
Germany, 
 
 Part. IT. 
 
 was ruin'd by the 'French. The Reformation of Religion was begun 
 here by Martin Luther about if 17. and embrac'd by the Eleftor of 
 Saxony, Brandenburg, Prince Palatine of the Rhine,Lanelgrave ofHeJfe, 
 the Duke of Brunfwick, and moft of the Free Cities. Whereupon 
 followed continual Wars and Troubles about Religion and the Lands 
 of the Church, 'till the Year i fzf. when a Peace was concluded at 
 Tajfawi where the Proteftant Religion was fecured, 'till Matters 
 could be better fettled at the next enfuing Dyet. At leni»th the 
 Religious Peace in Germany was eftablifh'd at the Dyet at Ausbnrg 
 in iSSS 'y where 'tw;as provided that neither Party iTiould annoy 
 one another, upon the Account of Religion ; and that fuch of the 
 Church Lands and Revenues, as the Troteftants had poflefs'd them- 
 felves of, before the Peace at Tajfaso, Ibould from thenceforth re- 
 main in their Poffeffion. The Troteftant Religion was likewife e- 
 iiablifh'd by the Wefiphallan Treaty in the Year 1648. And much 
 in this Pofture did things continue till of late, that the Trench King 
 broke in upon the Empire, and took fb many Towns and Cities of 
 it : In all which he difpoflefs'd the Proteftants of their Rights, and 
 eftablilh'd ihe Exercife of the Roman Religion. And this he hath 
 endeavour'd to confirm by the laft Treaty at Ryftvick, where his Ple- 
 nipotentiaries, in ConjUii£tion with the Emperor's, prevail'd to in- 
 fert into the find Treaty a Claufe, whereby 'tis agreed. That the Ro- 
 mm Catholick Pxligion fliall remain within the Places reftor'd by 
 trance to the Emperor and Empire, in the fame Condition as 'tis ex-^ 
 ercis'd at prefent. And, though the Proteftants long contelled, and 
 at laft fign'd the Treaty, with a Proteftation, that the Claufe in 
 dilpute fhould not be drawn into Precedent for the future ; yet 
 there's too great Reafen to fear that the Popifh Party hath gain'd a 
 confiderable Advantage in this Point. The various Parts of this 
 Country receiv'd the Light of the blelTed Gofpel at various times, 
 and that by the preaching of various Apoftles, efpec-idly St. Thomas 
 Sirnamed Bidymns, one of the Twelve. 
 
 SECT. 
 
Back of 
 Foldout 
 Not Imaged 
 
— ' . I 
 
Part It i^ ^ 
 
 SECT. V. 
 
 Concerning @o!antl. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 ^between ^ ^ J ooT°^ Long^ ^ \ Length is about 660 
 C.between 
 
 T47 
 \T9 
 
 °° ^of Lat. < „ V Breadth is about 60© 
 
 Bein? divided into three ClalTes, •vit.<^^ Middle. 
 
 [mji. 
 
 JE4Chfstom-\^^^^.^.^ 
 
 prehends 
 
 2C/o« ■ 
 
 Caminieck - — 
 
 Middle Clzfs 
 comprehends 
 
 Cotirland- 
 
 ) Samogitia • 
 Polaqm/i-'— 
 Little RuJJict - 
 
 Mittaw- 
 \jZ Rojinie 
 
 Weft Clafs com-ffj/-^'"'' 
 
 prehends |p,/i^ prop. 
 
 f j Btetzko 
 2 I Lemberg — ^ 
 
 DantzJck- 
 Idem - — — 
 Cracorp — 
 
 >N. to S. 
 
 N.to S. 
 
 >N. to 
 
 Of all thefe in Order. 
 
 §. I; Lithuania, a Dukedom. 
 
 Troki- 
 
 V Wilnn 
 
 , . ^ yPoloczkien — -. 
 
 y No'uogrodeck- - 
 / Minskien— — • 
 Mifcijlawen — 
 D. of Shitzk . 
 
 Territory or < „ 
 
 ^Idem — — 
 
 Idein 
 
 Brejlarv — 
 Tolockz, ~ 
 Witespk — 
 
 ,'>H<i Idem- 
 ' "tS Minski 
 
 U 
 
 UJciJiaw- 
 Idem. 
 Idem. 
 Idem- 
 
 >W,to £. 
 
 J>W. to E. 
 
 ■ l.W.toE. 
 
 -Southward,- 
 §.2. Volhinii(» 
 
IS^ Toland. Part II. 
 
 5. 2. Volhiniaj a Province. 
 
 Contains r Palatinate of Lucko,W .\^,. r rr ridem"? .„r. 
 the iTerritory of Kioy., E. J^^'^^ T°^"lldem|^^-'°^- 
 
 §. 3. Podolia, a Province. 
 
 Contains the PalarJC4w/»w^~) ^ Tldcm") . - 
 
 tinate of l^r^d'/^n^ | Chief Town| W. to E. 
 
 S. 4. Cur land, a Dukedom. 
 §. <) . Samogitiai a Dukedom. 
 
 fRoftenne — Tldem"^ 
 Contains die Territ.of< Midmck — >ChiefTown< Idem >S.toN. 
 
 \schvt>enden J Idem J 
 
 §. 6. Polaquia^ a Province. 
 
 Contains the Pala-r^rf^^j \r>\. rrr^ T-Bre/^e") o ^ xt 
 
 tinate 
 
 §. 7. i/V^/e Rujpay a Province. 
 
 Contains the CChelm — ~) f4 Tldem 
 
 Palatinate V^j Idem^ ^N. toS. 
 
 of {j^.tmberg— J ^ Idem, or Lwom, or Leap. J 
 
 , 8. Prufpa, a Dukedom. 
 
 Divided jRoy^/, Weftward") ^, . . _ fDantzsck—l „, ^ 
 into Eaftward j-^^'^f ^'''^''XKommierg jW.toE. 
 
Part 11. 
 
 Toland, 
 
 139 
 
 §. p. Warfovia, a Dukedom not divided. 
 
 Its chief Town is fVarfaw, upon the fVeijfeL 
 
 §. lo. Polonia, properly fo call'd. 
 
 {LoTper, Northward. 
 U^^er, Southward. 
 
 Tofna. 
 
 Kaliskie - 
 I Debriz.en. 
 
 C Lower con- ( Palat. of/ Flokskein- 
 tains the \ 1 Siradia-— ' | 
 
 Ldncicia— ^f-i 
 Rctva ' "tj 
 Prov, of Cujaziia — ^ 
 
 ?7j&/>er contains C Lubl'm 
 
 the Palati;iate< Smdomiria- 
 
 of (^Cmccw-— — . 
 
 ("Idem 
 
 Gnefna, ( W. to 
 
 Idem r N. E. 
 
 PloCmko — ) 
 Idem 
 
 Idem VW.toE. 
 
 Idem- J 
 
 Uladijfa jp M . of Lmc'tc. 
 
 Idem-^ N. to S. 
 
 Sandomirz, V on the 
 
14-0 
 
 Poland, 
 
 Part II. 
 
 jBatnC . ] T) Oland [a confiderable Part of Ancient Sarmntid Europea ; 
 
 X and now bounded on the Eaft by LitfleTartary, and 
 part of Mofcoviai on the Weft by Upper Germany ; on the North by 
 part of Mofco'via, Livonw, and theBdtickSeO'; and on the South by 
 HHnga,ry, Tra)?/ilvania and Moldavia] is term'd by the Italians and 
 Spaniards, Folonia; by the French Pologne ; by the Germans Polen ; 
 and by the E?2gliJJ} T oland: So call'd (according to the beft Conje- 
 (ftures ) from Tolu or Fole, which in the Sclavonic Language lig- 
 nifies a Flain or Champaigne Country fit for Hunting, there being 
 none of old more efteem'd for that than it was. 
 
 %iX. ] The Air of this Country is of a different Nature, according 
 to the Nature and Situation ot the different Parts of the Kingdom j 
 for in the Provinces towards the North Weft it's very cold, yet with- 
 all very pure and whblefome, but towards the North-Eaft, particular- 
 ly Lithuania^ it's not only cold, but alio very grols and uuwhole- 
 fome ; which chiefly rifes from the vaft number of Lakes in that 
 part of the Country, whofe ftanding Waters lend up infeftious Va- 
 pours, which intermixing with the Air, doealily corrupt the whole 
 Mafs thereof. The oppolite Place of the Globe to Poland is that 
 part of the vaft Facifiek Ocean lying between 1 94 and 2 1 2 Degrees 
 of Longitude, with 47 and 5-9 Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 ^Oil.] The Nature of the Air having ftill a great influence on 
 the Soil; the North- Weft Provinces of this Kingdom (it lying in the 
 9th, I oth and 1 1 th North-Climate) are abundantly fertile, affording 
 many forts of Grain and Fruits, not only enough for the Inhabitants, 
 but alfo to fupply the wants of their Neighbours. In the middle 
 part of this Kingdom are fome Mountains, and thofe well ftor'd with 
 ieveral Mines of Silver, Copper, Iron and Lead. The Provinces to- 
 wards the North and North-Eaft are very barren in Fruits and Corn, 
 being full of V/oods, Lakes and Rivers. The longell .Day in the 
 Northmoft Parts of this Kingdom is 1 7 Hours \, the fhortcft in 
 the Southmoft is 8 Hours and the Nights prcportionably, 
 
 dTontttlODitiCjS- ] The chief Co77imodities of this Country are 
 Wax, Linen, Boards, Mafts for Ships, Pitch, rich Furs, Salt, Am- 
 ber, Pot-afhes, Soap, Corn, Butter, Cheeie, Rolin, Flax, Cordage, 
 Brimftone, ^c. 
 
 IRatitiC)?.] In the Cathedral of G»f/;;;3 is kept an ineftimable Trea- 
 fure of Gold, Silver and enamell'd Vefleis, given by divers Kings of 
 Poland, and Prelates of that See. Under the Mountains adjacent to 
 
 Kiovf 
 
Part 11. Poland, Hi 
 
 Xiow are divers Grottos, wherein are preferv'd a great number of 
 humane Bodies, ftill intire, although buried many Years ago, being 
 neither fo black nor hard as the Bgyptim Mummies; among thefe 
 are two Princes, array'd in the fame Habit they ufually wore when 
 alive, who are ihewn to Travellers by the Rujfim Monks. The 
 place wh.ere thofe Bodies are preferved is a dry fandy Ground ,■ 
 much of the fame Nature with the Catacombs at Rome. In the; 
 Southern parts of VoUnd are divers Mountains, out of which is 
 due Salt in larcre Mafles, as Stones out of a Quarry j and out of o- 
 thers they dig natural Earthen Cups, which, being expofed for 
 fome time in the open Air, become as hard as 'a Stone. In thcDe- 
 ferts of VodoUa is a Lake, whofe Waters condenfe into folid Salt, 
 and that purely by the Heat of the Sun. Near to Cmcow are the 
 Mines of Sul Gemme, which, being 200 Fathoms deep> do conftaut- 
 ly employ above 1000 Men, and yield a vaft Revenue to the King. 
 Near to Culm, in the D. oi Vrujpn. is a Fountain whch conftantly 
 fends forth a mighty fulphureous Steam, and yet its Waters are ne- 
 ver hot. 
 
 3Jrcbbi{I)0J)|icfiS.] ^rcW/y/rfi'r/f/w in this Kingdom are Two, wx; 
 thofe of 
 
 Gnefna, LeopoL 
 
 •3!5ifl/0f>?iCfe».] Bijhopricks in this Kingdom are thefe following. 
 
 Cracow, Fofna, Tloczow, Fa^jfenberg, 
 
 Culm, Vilna," ' '[ Colmenfee, FrimiJIaw, 
 
 Cammiec. Window, ■ tetz.ko, Kkw. 
 
 Kraiiofiaw, Mednick, 
 
 tEnitecCtCfif.] Vniverfities in this Kingdom are tliofe of 
 
 Cracow, Kon'msberg, fofna, Vilna. 
 
 fl»annctS.} The founders ^iXt generally Men of hanifome, tall and 
 wellproportion'd Bodies. Men of a good and durabk Complexion, 
 and of lb ftrong and vigorous Conftitutions, that many of 'em prove 
 the beft of Soldiers, being able to endure all the Fatigue; of a Military 
 T ife The Nobility and Gentry mightily affeft the grateft Pomp and 
 Grandeur they can, whether in Diet, Apparel orEquiragc. Many of 
 'em are of fuch a generous Temper, that we may rather reckon them 
 Profufe than Liberal. The Art of Diffimulation is of HQ great vogue 
 amons them, moftof the better fort being of a fair and downright 
 Converfation. They expeft a great deal of Refped, and, where 
 that is given, they' never fell to make a fuicaWe Return. They are 
 
 L 3 gene- 
 
142 
 
 Toland, 
 
 Part 11. 
 
 gcneraly reckon'd very affable and courteous to Strangers, extremely 
 jealous of their Liberties and Privileges, but moft Tyrannical to- 
 wards the meaner Ibrt of their own People, treating the Peafants 
 no better than meer Slaves and in fbme Places they exercife a 
 Power of Life and Death upon their Domeftick Servants : Which 
 abiblute Power, and fevere Ufage of the Nobles towards the Com- 
 monalty, together with the many Feuds between one another, have 
 produc'd not only many lamentable Diforders in this Kingdom, but 
 alfb occafion'd the final Revolt of the Cojfacks. One remarkable 
 Quality of this People is their Angular Care in Inftrufting of 
 Youth in the Latin Tongue, which Perfons of moft Ranks do ufu- 
 ally fpeak very fluently ; yea, and even many of the Female Sex are 
 alfo good Proficients therein. 
 
 ianguagc] The Po/^f, being originally defcended from the Sclavi, 
 do ftill ipeak a Dialed of the Sclavon'mn Tongue; but the Poverty 
 and Barrennefs of their Language has oblig'd them to borrow many 
 Words from the Germans, eipecially Terms of Art. It is hard for 
 Strangers to learn the ftme to Perfection, the Pronunciation being 
 extremely harfli, by reafon of the vaft multitude of Confonants they 
 ule. The Lithuanians have a particular Language of their own, 
 which mightily abounds with corrupted Latin Words. In Livonid 
 they have a Language peculiar to themfelves-, which is a Dialedi of 
 the Lithuanian; however, the Gerw^w Tongue doth moftly prevail 
 in feveral Cities, and the Rujjtan in ethers. Fater-nofier in the To- 
 lijh Tongue runs thus : Oyaca nafz. kt ry tefies wniebijjtch fwietzfzie 
 imie tvoie : Tryzdz. krol Jlwo toreie, badz. wola twa jake won i>ie, 
 tak J waziemi. Chleba nafzego pows reduie day nam dz. fziay. 
 Vedpafc nam nafz-weihy, jackoymy odpofzozamy nafzym loinowayzom. 
 Tnie wwonz, nas nas na pokufzenie : a le nas zabto ode zlego. Amen. 
 
 dPotJCrnracnt. ] The large Body of Poland is fubjea unto, and go- 
 vern'd by its own King, who is Elediive, and that by the Clergy 
 and Nobility alone, the Commons having no hand in it. The Poles 
 in ele£ting their King, ever fince the Days of Jagello a Lithuanian 
 (who unite d Lithuania to Toland) have commonly obferv'd this Ma- 
 xim, 'viz. not to chuft a King from among their own Nobility, 
 but rather out of fome Foreign Princely Family ; thereby to pre- 
 ierve the better an Equality among the Nobles, and prevent Dome- 
 ftick Broils. However, of all Foreign Princes, they induftrioufly 
 avoid the Houft of Auftria, left a King from thence fhould find out 
 ways to treat them in the fame manner, as that Houfe has already 
 done the Hungarians and Bohemians. The Polijh Government is term'd 
 Monarchical, but (if rightly confider'd) we may reckon it rather 
 a Rgftl Arijiofracy ; tijie Nobility in their Eleftipns having fb limited 
 
Part II. 
 
 Toland, 
 
 143 
 
 the King's Power, that without the Confent of the States General 
 he may neither make War nor Peace, nor do any thing of Impor- 
 tance that concerns the Publick. Conlldering the triue Nature and 
 Conftitution of this Government, we may eailly imagine that 'tis 
 frequently liable to Inter-Reigns, whether by BeeitK Depofitton or 
 RefiTnation ; as alfo inteftine Broils and Commotions ( witnefs the 
 lateleleaion ) when the Parties eleding jar in their Choice. Durmg 
 an Inter-Reign, or when the King is abfcnt from his Kingdom (as 
 fomctimes in the Field againft the Turks) the Archbilhop of Onefntt 
 doth ordinarily officiate as King; but, if noArchbifliop of Gnefua, 
 then the Bifliop of Floczke exercifeth that Power ; and, m cafe that 
 See be alfo vacant, then the Bifhop of Fofna undertakes the fame. 
 "The whole State is commonly conlider'd as divided mto two prni- 
 cipal Parts, -viz. the Kingdom' of Poland, and Grand Dutch/ Lithu- 
 ania. The great Wheels of Government in both of thefe are the 
 Semte and General Dyet. The Senate is compofed of Archbiftops, 
 Bifliops, Palatines, Principal Caflellans, and chief Officers of the 
 Kingdom. The General Dyet coniifisoi the feme Members, together 
 with Delegates from each Province and City, both of the Kingdom 
 and Dutchy 5 which Dyet is either Ordinary, as when fummoned 
 C according to Law ; once every two Years ; or Extraordinary, as 
 when call'd by the King upon fome emergent Occafion. The cal- 
 ling of this Dyet is always perform'd by the Chancellor's Letters, 
 tcrm'd Liter A InflruBionis to the Palatins, acquainting them with 
 what the King defigns to propofe to them, and the time he would 
 have them come to Court. Having received the King's Propofal, 
 each of them hath full Liberty to examine the fame in its own Na- 
 ture and Confequences, and to return their Thoughts about it with 
 all the Freedom they can defire. The King's Letters are likewiie 
 fent to the Gentry of each Palatinate, to chufe a Nuncio to be their 
 Reprefentative in the Dyet; in which Elc£tion the Candid ite muft 
 be unanimoufly pitch'd upon; for, if the Suffiage of only one pri- 
 vate Gentleman be wanting, the Eleftion is void, and the Province 
 is depriv'd of its Vote in the approaching Dyet. The Elcftions 
 being over, and the various Senators and Nuncios come to Court, 
 the King attir'd in his Royal Robes, and attended by the Chan- 
 cellor, renews the Propoial in their Publick Affcmbly. The Pro- 
 pofal having been duly weigh'd by each of them aforchand, they 
 come to a fpeedy Rcfolution in the Matter, either fro or Con. As 
 the aforeiaid Eledion of the various Nuncios requires an unani- 
 mous Allent in all Perfons elefting, or elfe the Eledion is void ; 
 even fo the thing propos'd by the King, in the General Dyet, mufl: 
 be affented unto by all, otherwife the Propolal was made in vain j 
 for, if they differ, (which frequently happens) then the Dyet breaks 
 up without doing any thing, and each I^ember returns to his own 
 
 L 4 Home. 
 
14+ 
 
 foland. 
 
 Part IL 
 
 Home. Subordinate ' to the Senate and Dyet are a great many 
 Courts of Judicature, whether Ecclefiaftical, Civil or Military, for 
 determining all Caufes in the various parts of the Kingdom, which 
 Courts are much the fame with the like fubordinate Judicato- 
 ries m other civiliz'd Countries of Buro^e, particularly thofe here in 
 
 ^tmS. ] The Arms of the Crown of Tolmd are Quarterly. In 
 the firft and fourth Gules, and Eagle Argent, crown'd and arm'd, Or, 
 for VoUnd. In the ftcond and third Gules, a Cavalier arm/d Cap- 
 a-pee Argent, \n the Dexter, a naked Sword of the fame ; in the 
 Sinifter> a Shield Azure, charg'd with a double bear'd Crofs, Or. 
 mounted on a Courier of the fecond, barbed of the third, and neil'd 
 of the fourth, for Lithuan'm. For the Creft, a Crov/n, heightened 
 with eight Flurets, and clos'd with four Demi-circles, ending in a 
 Monde, Or, which is Creft of VoUnd. For the Motto are thefe 
 Words, Babent fun fdera Reges. 
 
 IBeitSiOlt..] The Inhabitants of this Country are (for the moft 
 part) ProfefTors of the Doftrine of the Church of Rome ; yet, all 
 Religions being tolerated, here are many of the Greek Chyrch, as 
 alfo Armenians, Luther ms, Socinians, Cahmijis, Jews, fakers, ^c. 
 Thofe of the Church of Rome are difpers'd over alfparts of the 
 Kingdom, but moft numerous in the Province of Cuja-via and Pf^ar- 
 fovia ; the Lutherans are moftly to be found in TrujJJa ; the Arme- 
 7iians in Ruff'a, and all the reft appear in great Numbers thro' the va- 
 rious parts of Lithuania. . Befides, in Samogitia is a fort of People, 
 who diifer little or nothing from meer Heathens. The Reforma- 
 tion of Religion began in this Country, Anno 15-35', but did not 
 meet with due Encouragement. The Chriftian Faith was planted 
 in the various parts of Fcland at ieveral times, and by leveral Per- 
 fpm; it being eftablifli'd in Poland, properly fo called, Anno 963. 
 in the time of their Pripce Miecijlaus, Spn of Memomijlaus. In Li- 
 vonia, Anno 1200. by the preaching of one Meinardus. In Lithu- 
 ania, not until the Year 1386. at the AdmifTion of Jagello to the 
 Crowp of Poland, and then done (asfome affirm ) hyThomnsWal- 
 deiifis, an LngUJhman. In Samogitia, and Volhinia, at the fame time 
 with ti-conm. In the reft, at other times, and upon other occa^ 
 iions. 
 
 SECT, 
 
Back of 
 Foldout 
 Not Imaged 
 
C.S. JinccnM. 
 
 =TICK 
 
 U C E ^ GJBBALTEn 
 
 AKewMap of 
 
 POUTUGAL 
 
Part IL 
 
 SECT. VI. 
 Concerning Jbpnin with a^OJtUgal* 
 
 D. 
 
 M. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 between^"^^ of Long / S \ Length is about 660. 
 
 •J /between^^^ ^°^of Lat. ^Breadth is about 5-90. 
 
 r I. Towards the N. 8c W.Ocean. 
 It being divided in tO' 3 Clares, i;iz..< 2, Towards the Mediterran. Sea, 
 
 3. Towards the Mid-land parts. 
 
 I . Clafs compre- 
 hends 
 
 2. Clafs compre- 
 h<;nds 
 
 Bsfcay -r—'^ C Bilbo, or Bilboa 
 ^Afiurta — Ovideo 
 
 Gallicia — Compojiella 
 
 Lisbon 
 Seville- 
 
 Andalttjia 
 GmnaJa — \ ^ 
 Valencia-— '' 
 
 N. to W. 
 
 E. to S. 
 
 Idem 
 
 Murcia cS 1» Wem 
 
 " ' • ^. Idem 
 
 Catalonia— 
 
 Arragon — 
 r \ Navarre— 
 
 New Cafiile 
 Leon 
 
 :H I Barcelona 
 
 I Garagoca 
 Fampelona - 
 Burgo 
 
 Madrid- 
 
 ^Idem S. of AJiuria. 
 Of all thefe in Order. 
 
 Jn. to S. 
 
 §. I. Bifcay, a Lordfhip. 
 
 {Ipufco 
 ■ 
 
 ipufco ^ • rxholofe 
 
 properly fo call'd > .<^^ Bilboa 
 
 Alma^ .. . I J ^ Xyittoria Southward. 
 
 ']■£. to 
 
 f. 1. AJiuria, 
 
146 
 
 45^^/72 with TortugaL Part II, 
 
 §. 2. Afluria. a Principality. 
 
 Contains ^^^ji^yj^ Smtillam jTown\_Samill(tm, Eaftward. 
 
 §. 3 . Galliciay a Kingdom. 
 
 ' Archbifliopr . of Compojiella 
 C Mondonedo — 
 Contains thC'^Bilhopr.of^ Lugo 
 
 Orenfe 
 
 Territory of Tuy 
 
 Idem") S. W. to 
 Idem/ N. E. 
 Idemi N. E.toS. 
 Idem > W. upon 
 Idem J the Miuh. 
 
 §. 4. Portugal, a Kingdom. 
 
 ThcProvin.of • 
 
 U The Kingdom of Algarve 
 
 Entre M'mho Douro—'^i 
 
 . Tralos Montes / ^ 
 
 Ber 'm C ^ 
 
 Eflremadum ^ 
 
 EntreTagoGuadiano \ IH 
 
 Miranda j to E 
 'CoimSra— \ 
 ^Lisbone — ( N. 
 
 Evora — ^to S. 
 
 Tavira — ) 
 
 §. 5. Andaluftay a Province. 
 
 •£ U,ft.oprickof^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 •S <^ Archbifliopr. of Seville- 
 c / Bifl'iOprick of Granada- 
 (j \ T>.oi Medina Sidonia — 
 
 Idem ? E. to S W. upon the 
 Idemf Guadalqutvir , or 
 Idem) nigh to it. 
 Idem, Southward. 
 
 §. 6. Granada^ a Kingdom. 
 
 ?i f D-n -1 Almeria—'^ . ( Idem, Southward upon the 
 5 \ BiHioprick of|g^^^.^__„ / H \ jdem^ Sea-Coaft, 
 
 ^ "S Archbilhopr. of Granada 
 U C Biflioprick of Malaga — 
 
 Idem ^K.toS.W. 
 Idem J 
 
 §.7. Murciay 
 
Part II. 
 
 S^ain with TortugaL 
 
 147 
 
 §.7. Alurcia-i a Kingdom. 
 
 ^- rMwm'^*, properly fo call'd") C"Murcia~\„ 
 
 g <> Territory fior?;? <^ Idem j"^-toW. ^^^^^^ 
 
 ^ of \Ca,rth/igen£i j'Q (^IdenijSouthwardupo'ntilieSea- 
 
 §. 8. Valencia, a Kingdom. 
 
 Contains the r Millar es 1 C Villa Hcrmofa 
 
 Provinces< Xucar— >ChiefTowH< Valencia >N.to S, 
 
 of IjSegura- J {jDrigHclla — J 
 
 §. p. Catalonia, a Principality. 
 
 Puigcerda 
 
 ■ W«r JP \He,AN E. ,0 S. W, „p„„ 
 
 I y,„i. (I ^idemC 
 
 <u -/Tortofa- 
 
 \Girona .„ 
 
 G J Barcelona, . — - \ (j yr Idem C E. to W. nigh unto, or 
 
 !j / Villa Franca dePanacles- J f Idem ^ upon the Sca-Coaft. 
 
 V Terragona — ^ V Idem ) 
 
 To thefe add the Country of KouJJillon (Chief Town Ferpigmn) 
 S. of Nor Sonne in Lower Larigiiedoc. 
 
 rjaca "\ / Idem ~) 
 
 Biflioprick of«^ Huefca j \ Idem ^N.W. to S.E. 
 
 \Balbafiro — / | \ldem J 
 
 Archbiflioprick Sara- "7 I ,5 y^, , , 
 
 gojfa, or Caragoca //^ E ) "P""" 
 
 c ^ rT}3mfo««--_l ^ /idem — t-'^ 
 
 ^3 / Biflioprick of< Alborax.in- \^ / Idem v.N. to S. 
 
 i^r«"&e/- . J 1 Idem— 
 
 §. 1 1. 
 
I4S Spain ^iih Portugal, Part 11. 
 
 §. II. Navarre, a Kingdom. 
 
 t Ti/f \oUta' / o Nidem >N. to S. 
 
 Contains the Ma- ; ^^^^^^ — < Idem J 
 jorlhips ot ^ ^pii^ — ( :s / I'lemi 
 
 {^Smguefa— j'O (^IdemJ ^ ' 
 
 §. 12. Old Cafizky a Province. 
 
 Burgos— ~\ /"Idem— 
 
 L Rwji« / c \ Logronno >W. to S. E. 
 
 yCalahorrd f ^ \ldem — _) 
 Contains the Ter-y^orm- — Vh JWem^ 
 
 ritcHries of ~\ Ofma ^ Idem VE. to W. on the Douro, 
 
 IvalladolidK S ildcm J 
 
 / Segovia f ldem,-f6 m.S.E.lofVallaJo- 
 \.u4vsl{i-mm^ J \_Idem, 63 m. S. j /w. 
 
 §. 13. NewCafliley comprehending 
 
 North, the T;!jg-(?. 
 Beins divided int©^ M'ulelU, between the T/?^ 0 and Gmdiana. 
 IjSouth of Guadiam. 
 
 'Coira- 
 
 \ Flacmia «— ^W. to E. 
 
 ^(Prrh contains the J Toledo J 
 
 Towns of \ Madrid — ^ 
 
 / ie Henares VAll three N. E. of rc/e^/a;, 
 
 Guadal'axara- — _) 
 
 ( Alcaivtara, upon the T/«^(7. 
 M/V^ic contains the) Meridia upon the Guadiam. 
 Towns of ; Truxillo, 36. m. N. E. ot Uertda,. 
 (^C Hen/a \x]^on the Xucer. ' . 
 
 ( Badajos- 
 
 ^outh cotitains the J jE//e»er/» — >From W. to E, 
 
 Towns of } Cividat Real--— 
 
 §.14. leoi^f 
 
Part IL 
 
 Spain with Vortugal, 
 
 149 
 
 §. 14. Lecri') a Kingdom. 
 
 Being di-^ North") 
 
 vided < >the Douro< 
 
 into South J 
 
 Falencia~) E. to S. W. 
 C. T. in\Toro — S> on the 
 N. are <C Zamora J Doure. 
 
 Leon ~? N. to S. 
 
 Afiorga — _j W. 
 C, T, in r SitUmanc(b ( N. to S. 
 
 S. are < Alva j E. 
 
 \cividad Rodrige. S. W. 
 ( of Salummca. 
 
 THIS large Continent being now fubjed to two diftindl 
 Sovereigns, viz. His Catholick Majefty, and the King of 
 Tortugal, I ftiall feparately confider theie two Sovereignties. There- 
 fore, 
 
 STAIN. 
 
 H^amc] AIK [formerly Iberia, Hefperia, by {omeSpama; and 
 O now bounded on the Eafi by part of the MediterrmeMt 
 Sea ; on the Weft hy Portugal and part of the vaft Atlantick Ocean; 
 on the North by the Bay of Btfcay ; and the South by the Streights 
 of Gibraltar ] is term'd by the Italians, Spagna ; by its Natives Ef- 
 pana, by tht French, Efpagne^ by the Germans, Spmien; and by the 
 EngliJJj, Spain ; % called ( as fome fay ) from a certain King nam'd 
 Hifpanns ; others from ff'?rAVtet< (raritas vel penuria ) becaufe of its 
 Scarcity of Inhabitants. But the moft received Opinion is. That 
 it came from Hifpalis (now Seville) the chief City of the whole 
 Country in ibrmer Times. 
 
 %ix. ] The Air of this Country is generally very pure and calm, 
 being fcldom infefted witli JVlifts and Vapours ; but in the Sum- 
 aiier fo extremely hot, cfpecially in the Southmoft Provinces, that 
 'tis both dangerous and inconvenient for the Inhabitants to ftir a- 
 broad about Noon, from the middle of Mfly tO the laft of Auguft. 
 The oppofite place of the Globe to Spain is that part of Zelandia 
 nova (or fome of the ill known Continent) lying between 172 and 
 183 Degrees of Longitude, with 3;-. 30 and 44 Degrees of South La- 
 titude. 
 
I50 Sfain^iihTortugaL Part II. 
 
 S>Oil.] The Soil of this Country (lying in the 6th and 7th North 
 Climate ) is in many Places very Dry and Barren, fereral of the In- 
 land Provinces being either overgrown with fi'dodsi or cumbred with 
 iandy and rocky Mountains, and others (whofeSoil is naturally fertil) 
 are for the moft part wholly neglefted, lying wafte and uncultiva- 
 ted for many Years, and that by reafon of the Fewncfs ( or rather ) 
 the deteftable Lazinefs of its Inhabitants. But this Defeft of Corn, 
 and other Grain (which arifeth partly from the Nature of the Coun- 
 try, but more from the Temper of the Feople ) is fufficiently fupplied 
 by various forts of excellent Fruits and Wines, which with little Art 
 and Labour are here produc'd in great Plenty. The longeft Day in 
 theNorthmoftpartof thisC£>«»;7 is about ij- Hours the Ihorteft 
 in the South is 9 Hours and the Nights proportionably. 
 
 Commodities .] The chief Commodities of this Country.are Wines, 
 Oil, Sugar, Metals, Rice, Silk, Liquorifli, Honey, Flax, Saffron, An- 
 nifeed, Raifms, Almonds, Oranges, Limons, Cork, Soap, Ancho- 
 vies, Sumach, Wool, Lambs Skins, Tobacco, c^c. 
 
 IBatiticS. ] Nigh to the City of Cadiz,, is an old ruinous Building 
 ( now converted into a Watch-Tower, which fome would fain per- 
 fuade themfelves to be the Remains of Hercules's Pillars, fo much 
 talk'd of by the Ancients, (x.) In the City Granada is the large 
 fumptuous Palace of the Moorijl) Kings, whofc infide is beautified 
 with Jafper and Forphry, andadorn'd with divers Arabick and Mofa- 
 ick Infcriptions. (3.) At Terragona in Catalonia, are to be feen the 
 Ruins of an ancient Circus, in the Street call'd la Vlaca de la Fuente, 
 and, it Segovia in Old Cafiile, are the Remains of a noble Aqueduft, 
 built by the Emperor Trajan, and fupported by 177 Arches in 
 double Rows, reaching from one Hill to another. (4.) Without 
 the Walls of Toledo was an ancient large Theatre, fome part 
 whereof is yet ftanding. Here alfo is an admirable Modern Aque- 
 duct, contriv'd by Jannelus Turrianus ( a Frenchman) according to 
 the Order of Fhilip II. (f.) At Orenfe in Gallicia are feveral 
 Springs of Medicinal hot Waters, wonderfully efteem'd of by the a- 
 bleft Phyficians, (6.) At the City of Toledo is a Fountain, whofe 
 Waters 'near the Bottom are of an Acid Tafte, but towards the 
 Surface extremely Sweet. (7 .) Near Guadalaxara in New Cafiile, is 
 a Lake which never fails to fend forth dreadful Howlings before a 
 Storm. (8.) The Cathedral Church of Murcia (containing above 
 400 Ckippels ) is remarkable for its curious Steeple, which is fo 
 built, that a chariot may eafily afcend.to the Top thei-eof._ (9. J 
 Many taJk of a Ship of Stone, with Mafts, Sails and Tackling, to 
 be fccn m the Port of Mongia in Gallicia. As to the River Guadiana, 
 
Part II. Spain with Tortugal. 1 5 1 
 
 its diving under Ground, { from whence 'twas formerly call'd Ams) 
 the ftme is lb notorious, that we need fay nothing of it. 
 
 3lttct)btfl)0tl?icb«.] Archbifloo^r'tcks in this Kingdom arc thoft of 
 
 Compoftella, 
 Seville, 
 
 Granada, 
 Valencia, 
 
 Tarragona, 
 Saragojfa, 
 
 Burgos, 
 
 Toledo. 
 
 1B5t(I)0p|tcll|.] Bijhoprkks in this Kingdom are thofe of 
 
 Oviido, 
 Lugo, 
 
 Mondonedo, 
 
 Coruma, 
 
 Tuy, 
 
 Orenfe, 
 
 Cordoza, 
 
 Cadiz, 
 
 Jaen, 
 
 Guadix, 
 
 Almeria, 
 
 Malaga, 
 
 Carthagena, 
 
 Segorve, 
 
 OrigHella, 
 
 Barcelona, 
 
 Tortofa, 
 
 Lerida, 
 
 Solfona, 
 
 Vich, 
 
 Tarazona, 
 Huefca, 
 
 Jacca, 
 
 Balbatro, 
 
 Teriere, 
 
 Albarazin 
 
 Vampelona, 
 
 Valladolid, 
 
 Calahorra, 
 
 Placentia, 
 
 Coria, 
 
 Avila, 
 
 Segovia, 
 Cuenza, 
 Cividad Reak^ 
 Siguenza, 
 Leon, 
 
 SalamancA, 
 
 Toro, 
 
 Aftorga, 
 
 Talencay 
 
 Zamera, 
 
 ^nibetQtie0.] Uuiver/itits in this Kingdom arc thoieof 
 
 Sevil, AlcaU de He- 
 Granada, nares 
 
 Compoftella^ Sigutnza, 
 
 Toledo,. Valencia, 
 
 Valladolid, Lerida, 
 Salamanca, 
 
 Huefca, 
 
 Saragojfa, 
 
 Tudela, 
 
 Offunot 
 
 Onat 
 
 Guadia, 
 
 Barcelona, 
 
 Murcia, 
 
 TArragona, 
 
 Baeza. 
 
 i^anncrf.] The trueft Charaftcr of the I anywhere 
 
 find, is that of Dr. Heylyn's, which in the main runs thus • The 
 Spaniards ( fays he ) are a fort of People of a Swarthy Complexion. 
 Black Hair, and of good Proportion ; of a Majeftick <Sate and De- 
 portment, grave and ferious m their Carriages, in Offices of Piety 
 very Devout, not to fay Superftitious i Obedient and Faithful to 
 their King, patient m Adverlity, very temperate in Eating and 
 JDnnking ; not prone to alter their Refolutions nor Apparel } in War 
 too deltbcrate; Arts they cfleem diflionourable, univerfally given to 
 Lazmefs, much add ifted to Women, unrcafonably Jealous of their 
 Wives, and by Nature extremely Proud. 
 
Y52 Spain with FortugaL ParTvII. 
 
 fLattguagC. ] of all the living Tongues deriv'd from the Latin, 
 the Spantjl) comes neareft to the Original, tho' no Country has been 
 more harrafs'd by the Irruption of barbarous Nations than it has. 
 Yet they have borrow'd feveral Words from the Goths and Moors, 
 efpecially the latter. The beft Spanif) is generally eftcem'd that 
 fpoken in ZsTew Cafttle ; and in Valencia and Catalonia 'tis moft corrup- 
 ted. Their Pater-nofter runs thus ; Fadre nueftro. que eft as en los Cielos, 
 Sanciificade fea tu Nombre ; Vengata nos tu Regno ■■> hagafe tu Volimtad, 
 ajjien la tierra, como en le Cielo. El pan nueftro de cadadia da nes looy ; y 
 fer dona nos nueftras deudas, ajji como nos otros perdonamos a' neuftros 
 tkudores,y no nos dexes caer ententation ; mas libra nos del mal. Amen. 
 
 (pobcrnment. ] This great Body did formerly comprehend nolefs 
 then fourteen different Kingdoms, which being at length reduc'd 
 to three,T;/"z. Thofe Arragon, Caftile,and Portugal, the two former 
 were united,^»o 1 474. by theMarriage of Ferdinand o^Arragon with 
 Ifabel, Heirefs of Caftile; and Portugal afterwards added by Con- 
 queft Anno 15-78. But It revolting (of which afterwards) the 
 whole Continent oi Spain, excluding Tortugal, is at prefent fubjedt^ 
 ed to one Sovereign, term'd his Catholick Majefty, whofe Govern- 
 ment is Monarchical and Crown Hereditary. The Bommtons of 
 which Prince are To far extended, that the Sun never fets upon them 
 all; and, as his Territories are very numerous, fo alfo are the Titles 
 which he commonly aflumeth, being ftil'd Kmg of Caftile, Leon, 
 Arragon,Sicily, Naples, Jcrufalem, Portugal,Mavarre,Granada,1oledo, 
 Valencia, Gallicia, Majorcajseville, Sardinia, Cordova, Ccrfica, Murcta, 
 Jaen, Algarve, Algezire, Gibraltar ; t'he Caniiries, Eaft & Weft Indies i 
 Archduke ofAuftria ; Duke of Burgundy, Brabant and Mdan ; Count 
 of Flanders, Tirol and B.^rcelona; Lord of Bifcay and Mech.,n,_ &c. 
 The numerous Cities and Provinces of Spain arc rul'd by particular 
 Governours appointed by his Catholick Majcfty, as alfo the Dutchy 
 ofMto, the Kingdom of N^f/e^, Sicily, Sardinia, ^c. md the vari- 
 ous Parts of his vaft PoiTeffions in the and Weft Indies are go^ 
 vern'd by their refpedive V.ce-Roys, who are generally very fevere 
 inexaaingof thesSbjea what pofllbly they can during their ftort 
 Regency, which is commonly limited to three Years; the King 
 appointing others in their room, that he may gratifie .^^^^^ 
 his Grandees as may be with all Conveniency, there being ft.ll a 
 great Number of them at Court, as Candidates for a Government 
 For the better iManageuient of publick Affairs in al tlie 
 Dominions, there are eftabliflfd in this Kingdom no lefs than ht- 
 teen different Councils , ^i^. that cM f^^^^i (fThe 
 (z.) ThcCouncilRoyal, or thatof C<///.. "fF^^'^^H^t 
 Council of Arragon. {s-' That of Italy. (6.) The Councd of the 
 Zkl T) That of the orders. (8.) The Council of the Tnafury 
 
Fart II. Spain with Portugal 14$ 
 
 (9.) TThai of the Chamber. ( ro.) The Council of the Croifade. (l l.^Tha* 
 
 of i i/charges. Cli.) The Council of Inquifition. (13.) of 2»7i«~ 
 
 "©/pv-f. (14J The Council of dnfcieme. And laftly, call'd* 
 The C<?«w<i/ of Po/ify. 
 
 Brm.^.] The King of beafs Qiiarterly ; the Firft Quarter 
 counter t^uarter'd ; in the Firft and Fourth Gules^ a Caftle trippic 
 tower'd, Azure, each with three Battlements, 0/, purfled ^4i/e, for 
 Cajlile. In the fecond and third Argent^ a Lion paflant Gules Crown*d, 
 Langu( d, and Arm'd, Or, for Leon. In the fecond greater Quarter 
 O*-, Four Pallets, Gules, for Arragon. Party, Or, four Pallets alfa 
 Gulesy betwixt two Flanches Argent, charg'd with as many Eagles 
 Sable, member'd, beak*d, and crown'd y42;»rfi, for 5/«7/. The fe two 
 great Quarters grafted i nBafciij-^tfw/, a Pomegranate FcWtf, ftalk'd and 
 leav'd of the fame, open'd and feeded Gules, for Granada. Over all 
 Argent, Five Efcutcheons plac*d crofs-wife, each charg'd with 
 as many Bseants in Saltier, of the firft of Portugal. The Shield bor- 
 dered, Gules, with Seven Towers, Or, for Algrave. In the third 
 Quarter, Gules, a Feffe Argent, for Auftria, Coupie and fupported by 
 Ancient B«r^«w</y, which is Bendy of Six Pieces, Or, znd.Azure, bor- 
 der 'd G«fej, In the Fourth great Qiiarter Azure, Seme of Flower- 
 de-Luces, Or, with a border Company Argent and Gules, for Modern 
 Burgundy ; coupie, Or,fupported a Lion, Or, for Br^fe^w?. Thefe 
 two great Quarters charg'd with an Efcutcheon, Or, a Lion Sabh 
 I and langued Gules, fot Flanders. Partly, Or, an Eagle Sable, for Ant- 
 iverp, the Capital City of the Marquifate of the Holy Empire. For 
 j Creft, a Crown, Or, rais'd with Eight Diadems or Semi-circles ter- 
 minating in a Mond., Or. The Collar of the Order of the Golden 
 Fleece cncompafles the Shield, on the fides of which ftand the two 
 Pillars of Hercules^ on each fide with this Motto, Vlus ultra.. 
 
 I^eligion.] The Spaniards are very punSual Followers of.and clofe 
 Adherers to the Church of Rome, and that in her grofleft Errors and 
 Corruptions, taking up their Religion on the Pope's ^w/^'or/^y ; and 
 are therein fo tenacious, that the King fufters none to live in his 
 Dominions J who profefs not their Belief of the DoHrine of the Roman 
 Church. For whofe Care (or rather Bigotry) in this Matter, the 
 Fope hath conferr'd upon him the Title of his Catholick Majepy, AH 
 oth^r Profefllons are expell'd by that Antichrifiian Tyranny of the 
 bloody Inquifitton, at firft advifed and fct up by Vedro Gonfales de 
 Mendoza, Archbiftopof lo/erfo, and that againftfuch converted ^ewx 
 and Moors as return'd again to their Superftition i but of late it hath 
 been chiefly return'd upon thofe (and others) of the Frotejlant Com- 
 munion. So induftrious are the Ecelefiafticks in this Country to keep 
 «p the whole Body of the People in the thickeft Mift of Ignorance, 
 
 and 
 
1^6 ^paifi with Portugal. Part 11. 
 
 and fo little is this Nation inclin'd of themfelves to make any En-* 
 quiries after Knowledge ; that confidering thefe Things upon one 
 Hand, and the Terror of the Inquifition on the other in cafe of 
 fuch Enquiries, (efpecially if they have the leaft tendency to Inno- 
 vation in Points of Faith) we cannot reafonably cxpeft a Reforma- 
 tion of Religion in this Country, unlefs the Hand of Providence 
 {hall interpofe in a wonderful manner. Chriftianity was planted 
 here (according to the old 5j(»/«»i/& Tradition) by Sr. ^'^^wer the Apo- 
 ftle, within Four Years after the Crucifixion of our Blefled Re- 
 deemer. 
 
 TO RTUGAL. 
 
 ^A^t^lX^Ortugal [[containing a great part of old L«/M«//«, with 
 X fome of ancient Gallicia and Boet'ica ; and now bound- 
 ed on the Eaft by Spaiti^ on the North by Gallicia \ on the Weft and 
 South by part of the vaft Jtlatttick Ocean^J is term'd by the Itali- 
 ans, Perto-Gallo; by theSpaniards, French, Germans, zndEngU(h, Tor^ 
 iugal i fo called by fome from Vorto and Gale, (the firft a Haven- 
 Town, and the other a fmall Village at the Mouth of the Bomo) 
 but by others from 'Partus Gallorunr, that Haven fnow 0 Porto) be- 
 ing the Place where the Gauls ufually landed, when moft of the Sea- 
 port Towns in Spain were in the Hands of the Moon, 
 
 ^ir.] The Air of this Country is much more temperate, efpeclal-. 
 iy in the Maritime Places, than in thofe Provinces of Spain, which 
 lie under the fame Parallel, it being frequently qualified by Wefter- 
 iy Winds, and cool Breezes from the Sea. The oppofite Place of 
 the Globe to Portugal, is that part of the vaft Pacifick Ocean, be- 
 tween 17a and 1 74 Degrees of Longitude, with 36 and 42 Degrees 
 of South Latitude. 
 
 ;^0U.] The Soil of this Country Cit lying in the 5th and 6th 
 North Climate) is none of the beft for Grain, it being very Dry and 
 Mountainous, but yet very plentiful efGr^/jcr, Oranges, Citrons, 
 wonds, Pomegranates, Olives, and fuch like. The longeft Day in^flie 
 Northmoft Parts of this Kingdom is about 15 Hoars, the fliortel^ jn 
 the Southmoft is about 5> Hours 1, and the Nights propOrtionably. 
 
 Commotijtie^.] The chief Commodities of this Country, are Wene^ 
 Koney, Oilt Allom, White Marble, Salt, as alfo Variety of Fruits, as 
 Ofapgts^ JlmondSf Citrons, PomegranaitSj &c. 
 
Part IL S^am with TortugaJ. 
 
 147 
 
 JtaritiC?.] In a Lake on the Top of the Hill Stella in Fortugalj are 
 found Pieces of Ships, though it be diftant from the Sea more than 
 Twelve' Leagues. Near to Roja, is a Lake obfervable for its hideous 
 rumbling Noife, which is ordinarily heard before a Storm, and that 
 ' at the Diftance of five or fix Leagues. About eight Leagues from 
 Colmbra is a remarkable Fountain, which fwallo ws up, or draws in 
 whatfoever thing only toucheth the Surface of its Waters; an Ex- 
 periment of which is frequently made with the Trunks of Trees. 
 The Town oi Bethkm Cnigh to Liihon) is noted for the fumptuoua 
 Tombs of the Kings of Portugal, 
 
 ^ttii^i^lmi^^^^-^ Archbi^opkh in this Kingdom are thofe of 
 
 hishofiy Braga, Evora. 
 
 i ^i^^^lkM'] Bijhoprkh in this Kingdom are thpfe of 
 
 Mir and at Coitnbrat Ehas, 
 
 Leira, Lamego, Portalegri^ 
 
 O Forto, Vifeuj Faro, 
 
 tAwii^tlfltit^*! tlfiverpies in this Kingdom are thofe of 
 
 LishoHt Evorat Coitnhra* 
 
 manner^.] ThePortuguefe (formerly much noted for their Sitill i* 
 Navigation, and vaft Difcoveries which the World owes to them) 
 are wonderfully degenerated from their Fore-fathers, being now a 
 People whom fome are pleas'd to charaOierize thus: That take one 
 of their own Neighbours (a Native Spaniard) and ftrip him of all 
 his good Qualities (which may be quickly done) that Perfon then 
 I remaining will make a compleat Fortuguefe, They are generally. 
 I efteem'd a People very Treacherous to one another, but more efpe- 
 i cially to Strangers ; extraordinary cunning in their Dealings, migh- 
 I tily addifted to Covetoufnefs and Ufury ; barbaroufly cruel where 
 they have the upper Hand ; and the meaner fort are univerfally 
 given to Thieving. Befides all thefe, fome will aUb have this 
 People to be very MalicioHs^ which they fay is the Remnint of the 
 Jeiviji) Blood intermixt with that of the Fortnenefe Nation. 
 
 ILanQUage.] The Language us'd in this Kingdom is a Compound 
 French and Spanijh, eljpecially the latter. The Difference between 
 It and the true Spanijh, will beft appear by the Fater Nojler in that 
 ToBgue, which runs thij?: Fadrg nojfo que efiai nofCtfSf S^tn^'fi^^^^ 
 
14S Spain mth 'Portugal Part it 
 
 feia 0 teu vcme : Venha a nos 0 f su reyno : Selafelta a tua vontade, ajp not 
 ^eoSf como na terra, 0 paomjjfo de cadatia dano lo oie nefiodia. E perdoa 
 330S fenhor as noffas div'idas, ajjl como ms perdoamos a os noffos devedores. 
 E »ao nos dexes cah'iv em tentatioy mas libra ms do mal. Amen. 
 
 dSoiJCtument.] This Kingdom, after many Revolutions of For- 
 tune, was unjuftly feiz'd upon by FbiUp II. of Spain, and defain'd by 
 him and his two Succeflbrs from the Dukes of Braganzay the lawful 
 Heir, till the Year 1640. that the Portuguefe, being unable to bear 
 up any longer under the Tyrannical Sovereignty of the Spaniards^ 
 threw off that intolerable Yoke, and fet the Crown upon the Head 
 of jfohn VI. Duke of Braganza^ (afterwards jfohn IV. furnam'd the 
 Fortunate') notwithftanding all that Philip could do to the contrary.; 
 Which Enterprise of theirs was happily brought about by the Af- 
 fiftance of fome French Forces fent into this Country : And 'tis very 
 remarkable how clofe this their Defign of Revolting was carry 'd 
 on, though known to above 300 Perfons at once, and in Agitation 
 for the fpace of a whole Year. Ever fince which Revolt of Portu- 
 galf it hath continued an Independanr Kingdom, fubje£t unto, and 
 govern'd by its own King ("being of the Family of Braganza) whole 
 Government is truly Monarchical, and Crown Hereditary. 
 
 SCrmjS.] He bears Argent^ five Efcutcheons Azurey plac'd crofs- 
 wife, each charg'd with as many Befants of the firft, plac'd in 
 Sahievy and pointed SabJey for Portugal. The Shield border'd Gulest 
 charg'd with feven Towers Or, three in Chief, and two in each 
 JFlanch ; the Creft is a Crown Oj*. Under the two Flanches, and 
 theBafe of the Shield, appear at the ends of two Croffes, the firft 
 Flower-de-luc'd Vertey which is for the Order of Avis -y and the 
 fecond Pattee GuleSy which is for the Order oi Chrijl. The Motto is 
 very changeable, each King alTuming a new one, but frequently 
 thefe Words, Pro Rege & Grege. 
 
 J!!eii0ion.] what was faid of Religion in Spain, the fame almoft 
 may be affirm'd of that in this Kingdom ; the Tenets of the Church 
 of Rome being here univerfally embrac'd by the Poriugueze, only 
 with this Difference, that they tolerate ^eivsy and allow feveral 
 Strangers the publick Exercife of their Religion, particularly the 
 Englijh FaQory at Lisbon. This Country receiv'd the Bleffed Gofpel 
 much about the fame time with Spai^, 
 
 SECT 
 
Back of 
 Foldout 
 Not Imaged 
 
JPait II. 
 
 149 
 
 SECT. VI. 
 Concerning (Jtalt- 
 
 .between* 
 
 ^ /between 
 
 d. 
 
 m. 
 
 7 
 
 00 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 00 
 
 46 
 
 30 
 
 of Lat._) 2 ^ is 
 
 ^ Length from N. to S. E. 
 about 7^0 MileSi 
 eadth from S. W. to N. E« 
 about 134 Miles. 
 
 Being divided into Three Claffes, viz.- 
 
 Upper. 
 Middle, 
 Lotver. 
 
 The Upper [or , 
 Lombardy'2 con ^ 
 tains, the I 
 
 The Middle con- 
 tains the 
 
 r Dukedom of S'/jff oy~- ' 
 Princip. of Piedmont- 
 f Montferrat — 
 \Milan—- 
 D. of J Parma ' 
 
 jModena 
 
 V Adaijtua 
 
 I rVenice 
 
 I Rep. of^ 
 
 LBifhoprick of l^rettt - 
 
 r Land of the Church 
 JDukedom of^ufcany 
 
 rChamhery' 
 \ ^urin 
 
 I Idem 
 
 I Idem 
 
 Idem 
 
 »W.toE. 
 
 Idem, N. toModena, 
 Idem, on the bottom 
 of thcAdrlatickGulf. 
 
 \ Idem, S. to Milan. 
 
 } U.S.toTy rol in Aitftria. 
 
 >Rep.of|s^^; 
 
 S. toN. 
 
 rino 
 
 Rome 
 Florence' 
 
 Idern, S. to Moikna^ 
 Idein. 
 
 The Lo^er con-\^. o( Naples- 
 
 tainsthe j " 
 
 Idem, Southward, 
 
 Of all thcfe, in Order. 
 
 M 3 
 
 ^ i l In 
 
Italy. PartIL 
 § I. In the Upper Part, or Lonihardy. 
 
 S J F 0 T, 
 
 ns fitii 
 vater tl" 
 
 Weftward in the Main, 
 
 Containing feveral Remarkable Towns fitua ted upon, or nigh unto 
 Four fmall Rivers that water this Country. 
 
 The Ifere — ^ - ■ Weftward in the Mai 
 
 J... jThe Arc . C^.S 3W. turning N. W. 
 
 Viz. <T;hQ^eran f c )N. W. in the Main. 
 
 XThe Afve > =^ CN. W. 
 
 ■ S. lAaarice 
 Monfiiers- 
 
 c 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 ■ C3 
 
 s 
 
 y M. Melian -■ ' \ 
 
 ^Chambery — i— — 
 
 are thofe o£p' ^''^""'JT, — '■ Vrom E. toW; 
 
 Arc are moie "^"|^s^ y^^^ Maunenne— 5 
 
 5e..« are thofe of^ J^^jfJ' TZTJUI } ^^^"^ '° 
 
 ' Salanches 
 
 4™. are thofe of ^^^;^^-j;;;—::~^f'<'n> E- <° 
 
 PIEDMONT, 
 
 « TDukedom of ^o«/?e -1 fAoup^/^m. N. 
 
 ^ I Marqmfate of ^ I g j ^^^^ ,^ W. 
 
 £ County of ^fii J ^' 
 
 7 Seignory oiVercelli i tJ . ^'^^"^ izvn. N. o^CafaJ. 
 
 ^ j Territories of Nizza—— | j Idem upon the Sea-Coaft. 
 
 o Principality of j <-> | ^^^-^ jj^^ rj^^ p,. 
 
 U properly lo call d J L ^ 
 
 of Ti/r/V, 
 
 f I E D- 
 
Part IL 
 
 T lE'D MO NT^ properly fo callM 
 .1 
 
 jConaprehends 
 the Terri-<{ 
 tories of 
 
 Carignan — 
 Carmagnola • 
 Salutzo — — 
 Cavigliano" 
 Lucerna — 
 
 Cher af CO 
 
 M'lndovi' ~- 
 Ceva. — 
 Tojfano 
 
 ICOTli : 
 
 t2 
 
 .N. to S. 
 
 the Po. 
 
 ridem— — 
 
 Idem — ' — 
 
 Idem— — 
 
 Idem — - 
 
 Idem — . — . 
 J Idem — - — 
 ; Idem 5 m. S, of Figmroh 
 
 Idem — . — - 
 
 Idem — " 
 
 Idem- _ 
 
 Idem — • — "> N. to S. upon 
 Lldem— - — - J the Stitra, 
 
 N. to S. upon 
 
 the "Tenaro. 
 
 MO NTFERRJTy 
 
 Comprehends 
 the Terri- 
 tories of 
 
 o Vldem* 
 ^^Idem- 
 .a Jidem— — — ^ 
 y (^Idem 8 miles S. W, of Acquh 
 
 •N. toS. 
 
 Comprehends 
 
 (^Angiera 
 tJovarefe 
 V'tgevanafco 
 Pa-vefe—— 
 Lodegiano' 
 
 A Ny 
 
 the Ttxxi-i^^i^^^^^ 
 
 lories ot 
 
 \ Comefe ■■ — — 
 
 i' Alejfandvinefe - 
 LaumelUne — • 
 'tortonefs 
 
 \'Bobbiefe — — , 
 
 ridei« - 
 Novara - 
 Vigevano 
 Fav'ia — 
 
 Lodi 
 
 Cremona 
 
 Milan • ■ 
 
 Como S 
 
 Alejfandfta — 
 V(denza • 
 ^ortoaa 
 ^ [Bobbio — 
 
 from W. to S, 
 E. 
 
 toN, 
 
 to E. 
 
tjs ' Italy. 
 
 Part II. 
 
 T J R M J, 
 
 ii'-o Cjy Parma propSoczlVd 
 £ ^ 3 ' c P^acenza ————— i 
 
 ex - 
 
 <5 
 
 y 
 
 (Uprop.focall'd^ | f 
 j?:.^— — — — C o J 
 
 Tetc' — — c^.y 
 
 ' M 'Taro J (3 ( 
 
 Idem -•>„ 
 
 Idem j-E- 
 
 Bmc^o 5. Xiomino- ~) N. 
 BurgodiValdi'XaroS toS 
 
 M 0 V E N J, 
 
 Id. of 
 
 f il^fo^/ew** prop, fo cali'd 
 JRegio 
 
 Mirandula- 
 V CovYegto- 
 
 , Principality of C<?»"^i — ^ 
 
 Idem Eaftward. 
 Idem Wcftward. 
 Idem Northward. 
 Idem n m. ^N. E. of 
 Idem 14 m. \ Regio, 
 
 MANTUA, 
 
 T- 
 
 iD.of 
 
 ^ Mar.tua prop, focall'd 
 >Sah'ionetta — 
 \Guaftilla- 
 
 ' Principality of Bozzolo - 
 Marquifate of Capglou' 
 
 Mantua Northward. 
 Id.Sm-S. W.^ of 
 Idem 18 m. S. >-Man- 
 Id.iSm.S.W.S tua. 
 
 Cajiillan de Silver, 6 m. 
 (N. E. of Mantua, 
 
 VENICE, 
 
 , (Degado ■= 
 [ Paduano- 
 
 IV'tcentino — ^ 
 Veronefe 
 
 _ 1 J I Brefciano— 
 Comprehends in r 
 
 tones of 
 
 Aquileja — — — — . 
 Cremafco — — — 
 Pohjln de Rovlgo 
 . \Marca Irevigiano 
 
 Itrevigiafio r 'Treviglano -prop. — 
 contains the J Feltrho ■ 
 Territories Bellunefe — 
 of i.'Codrine 
 
 c 
 
 o 
 H 
 
 f Venice ■ • — 
 ' Padua — 
 V'tcenza ■ 
 Verona — - 
 Brefcla'- 
 Ber^amo 
 Uddin — "-] 
 
 < Caho d' Ipia-'^ 
 
 AnFriulizz m.S.Ro£Uddin, 
 Crema 24 m. S. of Bergamo, 
 Rovlgo zzm.S. of Padua, 
 'Trevigio 1 7 m. N. W. of Venice, 
 
 from E. to W. 
 
 W. to E. 
 
 "Trevigio ■ 
 Feltri - 
 Belluno^-^- 
 LCodore- 
 
 , KS. toN. 
 
 G 
 
PartlL Italy. I5j 
 
 G ENOUA, 
 
 f - Principality of Monaco- ^Idem • .^^ 
 
 \ Territory of F«»*/»?i^/idt I ^ \ I'^^^*'"** i 
 \ Principality of OnegUa ■ I | Mdem— f 
 
 Compre- J j^^rq uifate of Finale — V H J Idem \ ^ _ _ . 
 
 hcnds-r r^Mdem—f^- ^• 
 
 • f V'^w??^ — V'-S /Idem .\ 
 
 L \Brugneto—'^ ^Idem— — ^ 
 
 T R E N Ty 
 
 ^Tn?;l'e^'{^^^S^ "^l ^^^'^ "P°" 
 
 § 2. In the Middle Part. 
 
 The Land of the Church, or TA PA C r, 
 
 Ferrara--m 
 Prov. of RomagTja- 
 
 a. 
 
 E 
 o 
 U 
 
 D. of XJrbine 
 Marq. of Ancona 
 
 C. of C'ttta deCafiello- 
 
 ^ ' (^Orvietano— 
 
 D. of Cajiro— 
 
 St. Peters Patrimony- 
 Campagnia di Roma • - 
 Sablno — ~ 
 
 \p, of S^oJeto ■ j 
 
 {Fenara 
 
 Bologna — 
 
 Ravenna' — 
 Urbino " — 
 Ancona — — 
 
 ►N.W. toS.E, 
 
 ^ Citta deCaJielh-y 
 ^l!. < Ferugia i 
 
 N. to S. 
 
 Cap 
 
 Viterbo 14 m. S. E. of Ow'ieto, 
 Rome " • — • 
 
 Magliano^om.l^.oiRome 
 L Spoleto » ■■ ■ - ■! "I ■ ■ 
 
154 
 
 Italy, 
 TUSC ANT, 
 
 ^ f C Florence -—^X fidem 
 I Terr.of^Pi/^— ~ I | | Idem 
 
 "c I ' (^Sienna i— j o 1 Idem 
 
 ^ A Princip. of Piombino t'tH ^ Idem 
 
 S, I iHe of £/6^i«— J .y j Cofmopoll 
 
 Part II. 
 
 to S. W. 
 
 S I D. of Carvara and 3i<rf^ f y j Af/ij/W 24 m. N. W. of P-f/>. 
 (3 Utate of Pyc/J^iii — J , [Orbitello 5 5 m. E. of Cofmopvli^ 
 
 The Republicks of^ 
 
 Is. 
 
 Marino^ 
 
 Comprehend only the CL«f 4 "7 C 8 m. N. E. of 
 
 Territories of there< ^Situated*^ 
 
 two free Cities of C ^' Marino 3 ^ 1 7 m. N. W. ofUrblno^ 
 
 § 5. In the Lower Part. 
 
 The. Kingdom o£NJPLES, 
 
 ^ {"Ahruzzo the farther- — — 1 
 
 .S I Abrttzzo the nigher • 
 
 o I Molojfa « ■ — 
 
 i Cap'icinatey or Puglia-^ 
 
 _ ] Iterra di Ban 
 ■£ I Terra di Otranto 
 ^ *} lerra di Lavaro-- 
 
 Cu 
 
 a 
 
 Further Prindpate-'-^ 
 
 Nigher Principate'-- 
 
 Bafilicate - »- . 
 
 Calabria the nigher • } 
 
 {Calabria the farther-— J 
 
 f Aquila 
 
 ICivitta di Chie . 
 Bojano 
 
 IManfredonia ■ 
 Bari 
 
 Otranto ' ' I 
 Naples 
 
 Benevento 
 Salerno — 
 Cirenza-^ 
 Cofenze *— 
 ^XRegio 
 
 From N.\V; 
 to S. E. up- 
 on the Adri- 
 atick Gulphy 
 
 FromN. W, 
 to S. E* up- 
 on the "Tyr^ 
 rheman$ea^ 
 
Part IL 
 
 155 
 
 Bamt] T^'^LJ* [known of old by the Names of B/perlay Sa- 
 J[ tHwiit, Laf'ium, Aufotjiay Oenotria and Janicula ; and 
 now bounded on all fides by t\\zA4e^\UrrctnecinSea, except the North- 
 Weft, where it joins to part of Irmce and QeYmanf\ is term*d by its 
 Natives and .S'/j^p^'t'^fj, Ltalia\ by the Frew^, ltalie\ by the Germans, 
 Itallen ; and by the E}7gIiJJ}y It.rly ; fo call'd (as moft Authors con- 
 ieaure) from Italus an ancient King of the Siculi, who leaving their 
 ifland, came into this Country, and polTeffing themfelves of the mid- 
 dle part thereof, call'd the vihole Italia fiom theN^me of their Prince. 
 
 5Ilit ] The Air of this Country is generally Pure, Temperate and 
 Healthful to breathe in, except the Land of tU Church, where *tisor-r 
 iinarily reckon'd more grofs and unwholfome, asalfothe Southern 
 Parts of Naples, where, for feveral Months in the Suinmer, 'tis; 
 fcorching hot, being of the lil^e Quality with the Air of thpfe Pro- 
 vinces in Spalrj, which lie under the fame Parallels of Latitude. The 
 oppofite Place of the Globe to Italy, is that part of the vaft facijitk 
 Ocean, lying between 187 and 199 Degrees pf Longitude, witU 
 39 and 46 Degrees 50 Min. of South Latitiide. 
 
 ^Oil.] The Soil of this Country (it lying in the 6ih and 7th 
 North Climate) is very fertile, generally yielding in great abun- 
 dance thechoiceft of Corn, Wines, and Fruit. Its Woods are (for 
 the moft part) continually green, and well ftor'd with the beft of 
 ■wild and tame Beafts. Its Mountains do afford feveral kinds of 
 -Metal, particularly thofe in Tufcany and Naples, which are faid to 
 yield fome rich Mines of Silver and Gold. Here's alfo a great 
 Quantity of true Alabafter, and the pureft of Marble. In Ihort, this 
 Country is generally efteem'd the Garden of Europe ; and fo ftately 
 and magnificent are its numerous Cities, that I cannot omit the 
 following Epithets commonly bcftow'd on divers of them ; as Rome, 
 the Sacred ; Naples, the Noble ; Florence, the Fair ; Venice, the Rich ; 
 Genoa, the Stately; Milan, the Great ; Ravenna, the Ancient ; Padua, 
 the Learned ; Bononia, theF^f; Leghorn, the Merchandizing-'^ Verona^ 
 the Charming'-i Luca, the Jolly j and Cafal, the Strong, 
 
 CDmmoDitlCs^.] The chie^Commoditiet of this Country are Wines, 
 Corn, Rice, Silks, Velvets, Taffaties, Sattins, Grograms, Fuftians, 
 Qold-wire, AUom, Armour, Glaffes, and fuch like, 
 
 ftaritiCiS.] To reckon up all thofe things in Italy, that trulj; de- 
 ferve the Epithet of Rare and Curious, would far furpafs our delignd 
 Brevity ; I lhall therefore confine my felf to one fort of Rarities^ 
 namely, The moji noted Remains or Mcnur^enti of Reverend ^nti^uityi 
 
 ■whicl^ 
 
 { 
 
1 ^6 Italy. Part IL 
 
 which in EfFeflt are moft worthy of our regard, they being very ufe- 
 ful in giving fome Light to feveral Parts of the Roman Hiftory. In 
 viewing of which Antiquities, I fhall reduce them all to three Claf- 
 fes j viz, Thofe that are to be feen in the City of Rome it felf. zdl;^-, 
 In the Kingdom of Naples, And laftly, In all other Parts of Italy 
 befides. 
 
 The moft remarkable Monuments of Antiquity in Rome it felf, are 
 thefe following, (i.) Amphitheatres^ particularly that^ call'd the Old 
 Amphitheatre (now term'd the Colifeo, becaufe of a Colojfean Statue 
 that ftood therein) begun by Vefpafiany and finifh'd by Domitlan. 
 (2O I'rltfmphal Arches, zs that of Conjlantine the Great , Cnigh to the 
 Old Amphitheatre) erefted to him in the Memory of his Victory ob- 
 tain'd over the Tyrant Maxentiusy with this Infcription, Liberatori 
 XJr'JSf Fundatori Pads, ithat of T. Vefpafian (the ancienteft of all the 
 Triumphal Arches in flowze) erefted to him upon his taking the Ci- 
 ty ,and fpoiling the Temple of Jerufahm. That of Septimlus Severns^io 
 be feen nigh the Church of St. Martlnus. Add to tlT5ere,the Triumphal 
 Bridge^ whofe Ruins are ftill vifible nigh Pont Angela, fo much re- 
 puted of old, that by a Decree of the Senate, cone of the meaner 
 ibrt of People were fuflFer*d to tread upon the fame. (3.) Therms or 
 Baths ; as thofe of the Emperor AntoninusPiusy which were of a pro- 
 digious Bignefs, according to that of Ammianus Marcellinus^ who 
 (fpeaking of 'ern)fays, Lavacra in modum Provinciarum ex^ruBa. "Thofe 
 of Alexander Severus, the goodly Ruins whereof are to be feen nigh 
 the Church of St. Eujiachio : And laftly, the Ruins of Therms Con- 
 fiantinianx, ftill vifible in Monte Cavallo, formerly Mans Ouerinalis. 
 (4.) Several remarkable Pillars^ particularly, that call'd Colonna d' 
 Antonino, ere^ied by M, Aurelius Antoninus, theEmperor,in Honour of 
 his Father, Antoninus Pius, and ftill to be feen in the Cor/o, being 
 as yet 1 7 5 Foot high. That call'd Colonna Trajana, fet up in Honour 
 of Tr/ijan, and now to be found in Monte Cavallo. That call'd Colonna 
 Rpjlr.rta (ftill extant in the Capitol) ereOied in Honour of Julius, 
 and deckt with Stems of Ships, upon" his Viftory over the Carihagi^ 
 nians, the fame being the firft Naval Viftory obtain'd by the Romans. 
 To thefe we may add the two great Obelisks (one before Porto del 
 Vopulo, and the other before the Church of St. John de Lateran') for- 
 merly belcyiging to, and now the chief Remainders of the famous 
 Circus Maxlmus, which was begun by Tarquinius Prifcus, augmented 
 fay J.Cxfar and AuguftuSy and at laft adorned with Pillars and Sta- 
 tues by Trajan and Heliogahalus, We may alfo add thofe ThreePillars 
 of admirable Structure (now to be feen in Campo Vaccine) which for- 
 merly belong'd to the Temple of Jupiter Stator, built by Romulus^ 
 upon his Viftory over the Sabines \ together with fix others on the 
 fide of the Hill mounting up to the Capitol, three of which be- 
 long'd once to the Temple of Concord^ built by Camillus : And the 
 
 other 
 
Part II. Italp i$J 
 
 other three to the Temple of J^/pUer 'Totjans, built by Auguflus upon 
 a narrow efcape from a Thunderbolt. And finally, In the rank of 
 Pillars we may place the famous MUUarium (ftill referv'd in the Ca- 
 pitol) which is a littlci Pillar of Stone with a round brazen Ball on 
 its Top, ercfted, at firft, by Augujfus C<tfar in Foro Romano^ from 
 •whence the Bomans reckon'd their Miles to all parts of [taly. Other 
 noted Pieces of Antiquity in Rome, and not reducible to any of the 
 former Clafles, are chiefly thefe ; (i.) The ftately Ruins ofFalazzo 
 Magglore^ or the great Palace of the Roman Emperors, once extend- 
 ed over the gteateft Part of the Palatine Hill. ( 2.) The Ruins of 
 ^emplum P^tmfwhich are nigh the Church of St. Francefca Romana in 
 Campo Vacclrto) built by Titus Vefpajian^ who adorn 'd the fame with 
 fomc of the Spoils of the Temple of Jemfalem. (^2.) The RotuKda^ 
 or Pantheon^ built by Agripp/iy and dedicated to all Gods, many of 
 •whofe Statues are ftill extant in the Palace of Jupniani, rcferved 
 there as a Palladium of that Family. (^4.) The Maufoleum Augufti^ 
 near St. RocU's Church, but now extremely decay'd. And, Laftly, 
 The very Plate ofBrafs on which the Laws of the Ten Tables were 
 written, is ftill to be feen in the Capitol. 
 
 Remarkable Monuments of Anticjuity m the Kingdom of Naples^ 
 are thefe following \ (i.) The Grotte of PaufiUpus ; being a large 
 Cart-way about a Mile long, cut under Ground, quite through a 
 Mountain, near! the City of Naples^ and made (as fome imagine) 
 by LucuUus ; but according to others, Cacceius Nerva. (2.) Some 
 Remains of a fair Amphitheatrey and Cicero's Academy, nigh Puzzttolo ; 
 as alfo the Arches and Ruins of that prodigious Bridge (being three 
 Miles long) built by Caligula between Puzzuolo and Bai<e ^ to 
 •which Building Suetonius, the Hiftorian, feems to allude, when he 
 taxeth that Emperor with his SnhJlrnBiones infana. (^.) The Fip«»- 
 dation of B^iia k and fome Arches with the Pavement of the 
 very Streets, all vifible under Water in a clear Sun fliiny-day. 
 (4..) The Elifian Fields ; fo famous among the Poets, and extremely 
 beholden to 'em for their Fame ; being only an ordinary Plat of 
 Ground ftill to be feen nigh the Place where the City of Baix flood. 
 C5.) The Bifsina Mirahilis ; which is a vaft fubterranean Building 
 nigh the Eltfian Fields ; defign'd to keep frefh Water for the Roman 
 Gallies, who us'd to harbour thereabouts. (6.) The Ruins of Nero's 
 Pallace, with the Tomb of Agripplna his Mother, nigh toiheaforefaid 
 Tifcina ; as alfo the Baths of Cicero and Tritola ; and the Lacus Avernus^ 
 fo noted of old for its infeftious Air. (7.) The Grotte, or the famous 
 Sibylla Cum^a ; nigh to the Place where Cttm^^a flood ; as alfo the 
 fulphurous Grotte del Cane, nigh to the Grotte of Paafilipus above- 
 mention'd. Laftly, The obfcure Tomb of that well-known Poet, 
 P. Virgilus Maro, in the Gardens of S. Severino^ nigh to the Entrance 
 of the Grotte of Panjtliput. To all thefe we may here fubjoin that 
 
 noted 
 
158 
 
 haty. 
 
 Part II* 
 
 noted and moft remarkable Prodigy of Nature, the terrible Vokana 
 Vefuvius^ about 7 Miles from the City of Naples. 
 
 Remarkable Monuments of Antiquity in all other Parts of Ittfy, 
 are chiefly thefe j (i.) TheVia Appia^ a prodigious longCaufway of 
 five days Journey,reaching from Rome to Brmdujium,3.nd made at the 
 fole Charges of Appius Claudius during hisConfiilate.C2.)Fi-'« Flaminia^ 
 another Caufway of the fame length , reaching fiom Rome to Rimini i 
 and made by the Confnl Flamimus, who imploy'd the Soldiers there- 
 in during the time of Peace. (9.) Via. JEmilia, reaching from Rimini 
 £o Balognay and pav'd by JEmilius Lepldus, Collegue of SI >minus. (4.) 
 The old Temple and Houfe of Sibella lyhnrtina, to be feen at 1'ivolif 
 a Town about fifteen Miles from (5.) An ancient Triumphal 
 
 Arch yet ftanding near Fam, a Town in the Dutchy ofUfbine. ((J.) 
 The very Stone upon which Julius Ccefar {kood, when he made an 
 Oration to his Men, perfwading them to pafs the Rubicony and ad- 
 vance ftrait to Rome* The fame to be feen upon a Pedeftal in the 
 Market-place of Rimini. C7O A rare Amphitheatre in Verona^ e- 
 refted at firft by the Conful Flaminius^ and repair'd fince by the 
 Citizens, and now the intireft of any in Europe ; as alfo another in- 
 tire at Vola in Iftria., being of two Orders of Hufcan Pillars plac'd one 
 above another. (8.) The Ruins of an Amphitheatre in P^^w^, part 
 of whofe Court (being of an Oval Form) doth ftill retain the Name 
 of Arena. (9.) Many ftately 'tombs of famous Men ; particularly 
 that of Antenors in JPadua ; St. Peter's in Rome ; with that of St. Am- 
 Irofe in Milan, and many others, together with vaft Multitudes of 
 Statues both of Brafs and Marble in moft parts of ItaJy. 
 
 Thefe are the moft remarkable Remains of the Roman Antiquities 
 now extant throughout all this Country. As for Modern Curiofities^ 
 and other forts of Rarities ( which are obvious to the Eye of every or- 
 dinary Traveller) a bare Catalogue of 'em would fwell up to a confix 
 derable Volume. 'Twere endlcfs to difcourfe of magnificent Build- 
 ings (particularly Churches) ancient Infcriptions, rare Water-works, 
 and many bold Pieces of Painting and Statuary, to be feen almoft in 
 every corner of Italy. Every one is apt to talk of the bending Tower 
 atPi/<?, the whifpering Chamber of Caparola^ the renown'd Houfe 
 ot Loretto, with the rich Treafury of S. Mark in Venice ; not to men- 
 tion the famous Vatican Palace and Library^ with the glorious and 
 fplendid Furniture of the Roman Churches. To thefe I may add the 
 fevcral Magazines, or large CoUeftions of. all forts of Raritiei kept 
 in feveral Parts of Italy; particularly thofe in Villa Ludovijla, belong- 
 ing to Prince Ludovifta ^ as alfo thofe in the famous Gallery of Ca- 
 mnico Secali in Milan : But above all, are divers Rooms and Cabinets 
 of exotick Curiofities and precious Stones, ( among which is the fa- 
 mous Diamond that weighs 138 Carets) all belonging to the Great 
 Duke of Tufcany^ and much admir'd and talk'd of in all Parts of the 
 
 Civiliz'd World. 
 
 Eccle- 
 
t»art II. 
 
 Italy, 
 
 IJ9 
 
 Ecclefiaflicks of the higheft Order in this Country, are his Rol'mefi 
 the 2o^e, and the Fatrianhs of Vetike and A^uileia, 
 
 5IJrtpi(l[)Op2iCfe^.] Next to thefe are the Archbifhopticks of 
 
 Brindijf, 
 Oiranto, 
 IteffanOf 
 
 San Sev6ritJ0g ' 
 Rigg'io, 
 
 The refpeftive Suffragans of thefe Ecclefiafticks areas followeth. 
 
 § I. Immediately fubjeft t© the Pope, are the 
 
 
 Femoy 
 
 Benevento, 
 
 'Turin ^ 
 
 Ravenna, 
 
 
 ^arentaifef 
 
 Naples, 
 
 Lancianoy 
 Manfred'jnia, 
 
 Bologne, 
 
 Capua^ 
 
 
 
 Ban, 
 
 Florence, 
 
 Amalfiy 
 
 Cirenza, 
 
 
 Sorento, 
 
 Nazareth, or 
 
 Urbirif 
 
 Conza^ 
 
 Barletta, 
 
 Bifhops of 
 
 Pfiia, 
 JPortOy 
 SabiuSy 
 talefirina, 
 Frafcatiy 
 Albano, 
 Itiijolly 
 Anagnl, 
 Veroliy 
 I'errac'inl, 
 Sezza, 
 Segni, 
 
 Jlatroy 
 
 Ferentino, 
 
 Velitriy 
 
 Sutri, 
 
 Nepiy 
 
 Citta Cafiellana, 
 
 Horta, 
 
 Vitethiy 
 
 "TN/canellay 
 
 Civita Vecchia, 
 
 Bagnarea, 
 
 Oruieto, 
 
 Verufay 
 
 
 Citta di CaJTello, 
 
 
 Citia di Sieve, 
 
 Arcona, 
 
 Cajlro, 
 Arrezzo, 
 
 Hwana^ 
 
 LcrettOy 
 Regannlif 
 
 Spoleto, 
 
 Noreia, 
 
 Ajcalit 
 
 Ferni, 
 
 
 Narniy 
 
 OJmoy 
 
 Amelia, 
 
 Camerin, 
 
 rtodiy 
 
 CometOy 
 
 Monte Fiafcono. 
 
 Rietiy 
 
 As alfo thefe following, being exempt from the Jurifdi£tion of 
 the refpeaiye Metropolitans. 
 
 Mantua, 
 ^'renty 
 tavia, 
 SaluJfeSy 
 
 Mon-Pulcian, 
 Feramoy 
 
 BafingajjOf 
 
 Cortonay Atella, Rapolla, 
 
 Sarzana, Cava, J^onte peJozof 
 
 Fano, ScaJaZnd Ravtl-TrivejJto, 
 Ferrara^ Apiiaf 
 
 Aver/a, Mel^, Marfica, 
 
 Cajfano, §a0-MarcOf i\dontellont* 
 
J 56 it^h Part 11. 
 
 § a, Suffragans to the Patriarch oiVemcet arc only thofe of 
 
 ^orzeUj Chioz.a, 
 
 § 5. To the Patriarch of Aquilela^ are thofe of 
 
 Itervifot friefie, 'Petiriy VicetJZ^, 
 
 Peltri C**^" ^' ^fifi'*i Nuovtt^ Verona, 
 
 Belluno, ^ola, Fadua, Com. 
 
 Concorde, 'Barenzo, 
 
 ^ 4. To the Archbiftiop of Milan, are thofe of . 
 
 Cremona, ^ortona, VerceeUes, Acqui, 
 
 Novaraj Vighenano, Alha^ Savona, 
 
 j^fi; Bergamo, AB^ Vmtemlgjia, 
 
 JJexandria, Brefda, Cafal, 
 
 § 5. To the Archbifliop of 'Turin, are thofe of 
 
 ^oree, Mondovt, Fojfano. 
 
 § 6. To the Archbiftiop of Tarentlfe^ are thofe of 
 
 Aofi^ 
 
 SloTJt 
 
 § 7, To the Archbiftiop of Bologne, are thofe of 
 
 Varma, R^egglo, Carpi, Borgo, 
 
 Flacenza, Modena, Crema, S. Dommo. 
 
 § 8. To the Archbifliop of Gefioa, are thofe of 
 
 'Alhegna, Brugnato, Mariana^ Neblo, 
 
 JtJoU, Boble, Accia^ 
 
 § 5>. To the Archbifliop of Florence, are thofe of 
 
 Vlfiola, Colle, Borgo fan Sepukhrp, 
 
 Flepolif Volterra, Citta di Sole, 
 
 % 10. To the Archbiftiop of Plfa, are thofe of 
 
 I 
 
 Scana, tlomhinOf Mont-AJcho, Alazzo, 
 
 CBttJt 
 
Part II. Italy. t 
 
 Chiufi, Majfa, Lhorno, SAgona, 
 
 Grojfette, Pien&a, Luca, Aleria. 
 
 §. 1 1. To the Archbiftiop of Urblne, are thofe of 
 
 Senigetglia, Engubio, Tefard, 
 
 Tojfombrom, Cagli, s. Leon, 
 
 §. 12. To the Archbifliop of lermo, are thoie of 
 
 SmSever'mo, Macerati, Momali, 
 
 Tolent'm, Ripa Trmfona, 
 
 §. 13. To the Archbifhop of RA'venhai ate thole of 
 
 'Kovigo, Britinoro, Sarfino't Cervia. 
 
 Coma c hi 0, Forli, Kimini, Fanejlri^, 
 
 lamza, Cofena, Imola, 
 
 §. 14. To the Archbifhop of Naples, are thofe of 
 
 Nola,. Pozzuolo, Cerra, Jfchiet, 
 
 §. I J. To the Archbifhop of Capua, are thofe of 
 
 Ttano^ Caiazzo, Sep, Mont-cajftdi 
 
 Cahi, Carniola, Venafro, Fondi, 
 
 Caferta, Ifernia, Aquin, Gaieia. 
 
 §. 16. To the Archbifhop of Salerno, are thofe of 
 
 Campagm, Follcaflro, Sarno, Noceradipagnh 
 
 Capaccio, Nttfco, Marjico nuovo, Acerno. 
 
 §. 17. To the Archbifhop of Amalfi, are thofe of 
 
 Litter't, Capri, Minor!. 
 
 §. 18. To the Archbilhop of Conzd, are thofe of 
 
 Vico, Maffa, Cafiel a Mare di Stabbia.. 
 
 §. 19. To the Archbifliop of Sorento, are thofe of 
 
 Muro, Satriano, Cedogntt, 
 
 Cangiam, sjfacica. 
 
 §. 4o. T« 
 
I70 Italy, Part II. 
 
 §. 20. To the Archbilhop of Benevento, are thofe of 
 
 jifcol, Monte Marmo, Bovino, Tremoli, 
 
 Fiorenzuoh Avellino, Toriiolenza, Lefnia, 
 
 Telezi, Fricenti, Dmgonara, Gmrdia, 
 
 S. Agatha di Go- Arimo, Voltumta, D'aljieres, 
 
 thi, Bo'mno, Ldr'ma, 
 
 §, 21. To the Archbiflioprick of Thieti, are thofe of 
 
 Ortom di Mare Civsta di Fema, Sermona, 
 \ Campti, Cali, 
 
 §. 22. To the, Archbifhop of Lanctam, are none. 
 §. 23. To the Archbiflioprick of Manfredonia, are thole of 
 Treia, Viefie, Sm-Seve^-o. 
 
 §. 24. To the Archbifliop of Bari, are thofe of 
 
 Canofa, Converfmoy Bitteto, 
 
 Giovemzzo, Foligano, Labiello, 
 Bitonto, Monervino, 
 B.UVO, Molfetta. 
 
 §. 25-. To the Archbifliop of Cirenza, are thole of 
 
 MalermOi- Turfi,- Grovim, 
 
 Venofa, Fotenza, Tricarico. 
 
 §. 26. To the Archbilhop of Nazareth, are none. 
 §. 27. To the Archbilhop of Irani, are thole of 
 Salpi, Andria, Bifeglia. 
 
 §. 28. To the Archbifhop of Tarento, are thofe of 
 Montula, Cafiellanetta. 
 
 §. 29. To the Archbilhop of Brindifi, are thofe of 
 
 Ojimi, Oria. 
 
 §. 30. To 
 
3?art IL Italyl 17 i 
 
 §. 30, To the Archbifliop of Otranto, are thole of 
 
 Galipoli, Cciftro, Alejfmos 
 
 Leeche, Nartlo, S. Maria de Leucai 
 
 Ugento, 
 
 §. 3 1 . To the Archbifliop of Rojfano, none. 
 
 §. 32. To the Archbifhop of Confenza, are thole of 
 
 Montalto, Mortormo. 
 
 §. 33. To the Archbilhop of Sanfever'mo, ire thofe of 
 
 BalcaJIro, StrongoU, Cariati, 
 
 XJmbriatico, Ifola. Cerenza, 
 
 §. 34. To the Archbifliop of Keggio, are thofe of 
 
 Jlmantea^ Cortonet, Squillace, £lova, 
 
 Nicaftrs, Oppido, Nicotera, Taverniii 
 
 Troped', Gieraci, 
 
 ^nibetflftiCd. ] Univerfitles in this Country are thofe eftablifh'cj 
 at the Cities following, 
 
 Rome, Florence. Mantua, Venice, 
 
 Bononia, Fi/a, Favia, Fadm, 
 
 Ferrara, Sienna, Naples, Verona, 
 
 Ferufia, Milan, Salerno, Farma, 
 
 Scanners.] The Natives of this Country (once the Triumphant 
 Lords and Conquerors of the World ) are now lefs given to the Arc 
 of War, and Military Exploits, than moft other Nations of Europe. 
 However the Modernltaliansavegen&coiWy ve^uteA2iGrave,Refpe5iful 
 zndi Ingenious {on of People i efpecially in thofe things to which they 
 chiefly apply themfelves now.a.dajs.-viz.Statuary mrks, Architeaure, 
 and the Art of Fainting. They are alfo reckon'd Obedient to their Su^ 
 periors, Courteous to Inferiors, Civil to Equals, and very Affable to 
 Strangers. They 're like wife in ^^pparel very modcft} in Furniture of 
 Houfes fumptuous 5 and at tlieir Tables extraordinary neat and decent. 
 But thefe good ^alities of this Feople are mightily ftain'd by many 
 notorious Vices which reign among them, particularly thofe of Re- 
 venge and Luft, Jealoufie and Swearing ; to all of wliich they're fo ex- 
 
 N a ceffively 
 
172 Italy, Part 11. 
 
 ceflively given, that even a modeft Narrative would feem incredible. 
 As for the Female Sex, a vulgar faying goes of 'em, that they're 
 Magpies at the Doors, Saints in the Church, Goats in the Garden, 
 Devils in the Houfe, Angels in the Streets, and Sirens at the Windows. 
 
 ILansuaSC-] The prefent Language of Italy is a Dialect of the 
 Latin, which was the ancient Language of this Country : Almofl: 
 every' Province and City hath its peculiar Idiom, but that of Tufcany 
 is reckon'd the pureft and bcft polifli'd of all others, and is that 
 which Perfons of Quality and Learning ufually fpeak. Tater-nofter 
 in Italian runs thus: Padre nofiro, che fei ne Cielo, fia fanciificato il 
 tuo nome : Venga il tuo Regno ; Jia fatta la tua volonta, ficome in cielo, 
 cod encora in terra,. Dacci hogi il noftro pane cotidiano ; e remetticii 
 noftri debiti,fi come encor ne igli remettiano at noftri debitori. E noM 
 ci indurre in tentationi, ma liberaci dal male. Amen. 
 
 dPobernmcnt,] Iht Government of Iw/y can't be duly confider'd 
 without looking' back unto the chief DivUions of that Country 
 above-mention'di there being fo many different Sovereignties there- 
 in, independent on one another, and not iubjefted to one Head. 
 The whole being therefore divided into Upper, Middle and Lower, ac- 
 cording to the aforefaid Analyfis. 
 
 I The Upper (or Lombardy) being again divided into one Principa- 
 lity ' Five Dutchies, two Rcpublicks, and one Bifliopnck. That one 
 Principality, viz.. Fiedmont, is under the Duke of Savoy. The five 
 Dutchies, viz,, thofe of Montferrat, Milan, Parma, Modena, and Man- 
 tua, are under feveral Sovereigns : For Montferrat is partly under the 
 French King, and partly under the Dukes of Savoy and Mantua. 
 Milan is under the King of Spain, for which he is dependent on th« 
 Empc-or Parma is moftly under its own Duke, who is feudatory 
 to the Pope paying yearly i oooo Crowns. Modena is under its own 
 Duke, who is dependent on the Emperor. And M^«r/^^ is moftly un- 
 der its own Duke, who is feudatory to the Emperor The two Re- 
 publicks being thofe of Venice and Genoa, (of ^^Jlom particularly 
 afterwards) are govern'dby their Senate and Magiftrates The one 
 Biflioprick, being that of Trent, is fubjeft to the Bouie of Au{lr,a. 
 
 II The Middle Part being divided into the Land of the Church, 
 the Dakcdom of Tufcany, and the Republick of Luca and St. M^mo. 
 The Land of the Church (or St. Feter's Patrimony ) is for the molt part 
 in the Hands of the Pope, and rul'd by feveral Governours fet over its 
 various J5^^</>«.. who are generally not a little fevere upon the Sub- 
 jefts. liisHolinefs,theFope, (by vertueot the Jurifdiaion of the R.- 
 »/»»See ) is both Temporal and Spiritual Sovereign thereof, and is 
 
 ^ com- 
 
Part II. 
 
 173 
 
 commonly ftil'd by Romm Catholicks, the chief 'Eccllejlfiftick of all 
 Christendom ; the Patriach of Rome, and the IVeff j the Primate and 
 Supream Governour of Itdly ; the Metropolitan of thofe IBifliops Suffra- 
 gan to the See of Rome, and Bijhop of the moft famoms St.fohn of 
 Later m. The Dukedom of Tufcany is for the moft part, under its own 
 Duke, except the Towns of Siem, ( for which he is; Tributary to 
 Spairt ) and Orbitelle^ which belongeth to the Spaniard. This Duke is 
 efteem'd the richeft and moft powerful of all the Italian Princes; 
 but his manner of Government is generally reckon'd too prefting 
 and unealie to the Subjeff . The Towns and Republicks of Luca 
 and St. Marino are goyern'd by their own Magiftrates as free States : 
 But of them afterwards. 
 
 III. The lower Part of Jr^/y, being the Kingdom Naples, is fub- 
 je£t to the Spaniards, for which he is Homager to the Pope, and ac- 
 cordingly lends his Holineft, yearly, a white Horie and 7000 Du- 
 cats by way of Acknowledgment. It is govern'd by a Vice-Roy, ap- 
 pointed and fent thither by his Catholick Majefty, who is ufually 
 one of the chief Grandees of Spain, and is commonly renew'd eve- 
 ry third Year. Thcfe Vice-Roys ( as in moft other of the Spani/h 
 Governments) during their fliort Regency, do induftrioufly endea- 
 vour to lole no time in filling their own Coffers, and that by moft 
 grievous Exadiions on the poor Subjeft. So fevere indeed are the 
 Spaniards upon the Neapolitans, that the King's Officers are com- 
 monly laid to fuck in the Dutchy of Milan, and to Fleece the liland 
 of Sicily, but to Flea off the very Skin in the Kingdom ot Naples; 
 fo that the People of this Country ( which is one of the beft in Eu- 
 rope) are moft milerably harrals'd by thele hungry and rapaci- 
 ous Vultures. Belides thefe Princes in Italy above-mention'd, there 
 are feveral others, who are under the Prote£lion of fome higher 
 Power, particularly of the Emperor, the Pope, or the King of 
 Spain. 
 
 To the Government of Italy, we may add the four following Rer 
 publicks, 'viz,. thole of 
 
 Venice, Luca, 
 Genoa, S. Marino. 
 
 I. Venice. This Republick is under an Ariftocratical Government, 
 the Sovereignty of the State being lodg'd in the Nobility, or certaia 
 number of Families enroll'd in the Golden Book, call'dthcRegifter of 
 the Venetian Nobles. Their chief Officer is the Duke, or Doge, whole 
 Authority is a meer Chimera, and he no better than a Sovereign Sha- 
 dow^ Precedency being all he can juftly claim above the other Magi- 
 
 N 3 Urates. 
 
Part II. 
 
 ftrates. Here are eftablifh'd five principal Councils* "vlz. (i.) That 
 term'd the Grand Council, comprehending the whole Body of the 
 Nobility, by whom are clefted all Magiftrates, and ena&ed all Laws 
 which they judge convenient for the publick Good. (2.) That 
 term'd the Tregadl, ( commonly call'd the Senate of Venice ) coniift- 
 ing of above an hundred Perfbns, who. determine Matters of the 
 higheft Importance, as thofe relating to Peace or War, Leagues and 
 Alliances. 5 .) The College conlifting of twenty four Lords, 
 whofe Officer is to give Audience to Ambafladors, and to report 
 their Demands to the Senate, which alone hath Power to return 
 Anfwers. (4.^ The Council of Ten (confifting of Ten Noblemen) 
 whofe Office it is to hear and decide all Criminal Matters : This 
 Court (whofe Juriiclidtion is extraordinary great ) is yearly rc- 
 new'd, and three of thefe Noblemen, call'd the Capi, or Inquijstors 
 ef State, are cholen Monthly; to which Triumvirate is affign'd fuch 
 a Power in judging of Criminals, that their definite Sentence reach- 
 eth the chiefeft Nobleman of the State, as well as the meanefl: Ar- 
 tificer, if they are unanimous in their Voices j otherwile all the 
 Ten are confulted with. 
 
 IL Genoa is under an Ariftocratical Government, very like to that 
 of Venice; for its Principal Magiftrate Iiath the Name or Title of 
 'Dtike, ( but continueth only for two Years ) to whom there are 
 Afliftant eight Principal Officers, who with the Duke are called 
 the Seigniory, which, in Matters of the greateft Importance, is alfo 
 fubordinate to the Grand Council conlifting of 400 Perfons, all 
 Gentlemen of the City ; which Council, with the Seigniory, do con- 
 ftitute the whole Body of the Commonwealth. This State is much 
 more famous for what it hath been, than for what it is, being 
 now on the decaying Hand. At prefent it's flibjeft unto feveral 
 Sovereigns, various Places within its Territories belonging to the 
 Dukes of Savoy and Tufcany, fome free, and others lately taken by 
 the French. 
 
 III. Luca (being a linall free Commonwealth, enclos'd within 
 the Territories of the Grand Duke of Tufcany ) is under the Govern- 
 ment of one Principal Magiftrate, call'd the Gonfalonier, changeable 
 icyery fecond Month, affifted by nine Councilors, nam'd Anz,iani, 
 whom they alio change every fix Months, during which time they 
 live in the Palace or Common-Hall ; and Superior to them is the 
 pvmd Council, which confifts of about 240 Noblemen, who, be- 
 ing equally divided into two Bodies, take their turns every half 
 Year. This State is under the Protcftion of the Emperor of Cer- 
 f^imy, and payeth him yearly Homage accordingly. 
 
 ly.st. 
 
Part II. Ital-j. I75 
 
 TV. St. Mmno, a little, (but flourifhing) Republick in the Duke- 
 dom of Vrb'me, which ftill maintains its Privileges, and isgovern'd 
 by its own Magiftrates, who are under the Proteftion of the Pope. 
 The whole Territory of this fmall Commonwealth, is but one 
 Mountain about three Miles lon^^, and ten round, confiding of about 
 5-000 Inhabitants, who boaft ot" their State being a Free Republick 
 about 1000 Years. 
 
 35rmS.] It being too tedious to exprefs thd Enfigns ArmOfial of 
 all the Sovereign Princes and States in this Country, and too fuper- 
 ficial to mention thoJe of one only ; we lhall therefore ( as a due 
 Medium) nominate the chief Sovereignties of Italy ( the Fo^e- 
 (lotn, the Dukedom olTufcmy, and the Republicks of Venice 2x\di 
 Genoa ] and affix to each of thefe their peculiar Arms. Therefore, 
 (i.) The Pope (as Sovereign Prince over the Land ot the Church 
 .or Papal Dominions ) bears for his Efcutcheon, Guks, coniilling 
 of a long Cape, or Head-piece, Or, furmounfed with a Crofs pearl'd 
 and garnifh'd with tliree Royal Crowns, together witli the two Keys 
 of St. Feter placed in Saltier, (x.) The Arms of T^ircany axe. Or, 
 Five Roundles, Gules, tv/o, two, and one, and one in chief 
 Azure, charged with three Flower de Luces, Or. (3.) Thoie of 
 Venice are Azure, a Lion winged, Sejant, Or, holdip.g under one 
 of his Paws, a Book covered: Argent. Laftly, Tbofe ot Geno^i 
 are. Argent, a Crofs Gules, with a Crown clos'd by reafbn of the 
 Ifland of Corjica belonging to it, which bears the T.tle of King- 
 dom, and for Supporters are two Griffins, Or. 
 
 ISeltSiOtt. ] The Italians ( as to their F^digion) are 7,ealous Pro- 
 ' fcflbrs of the Dodirine of the Roman Church, even in her grofleft 
 'Errors and SuperflitiotJs ; and that either out of Fear of the Barbarous 
 Inquiiition; or in Reference to their Ghoftly Father, the Pope: 
 Or chiefly, by being induftrioufly kept in woful Ignorance of the 
 Frotefiant'Dodinne, of which they are taught many ia le and mon- 
 ftrous things. The Jews are here tolerated the Publick Exercife 
 of their Religion ; and at Rome there's a weekly Sermon for their 
 Converfion, at which one of each Family is bound to be prefent. 
 The Chriftian Faith was firft preach'd here by St. Feter, who went 
 thither in, or about the beginning of the Reign of the Emperor 
 Claudius, as is generally teftihed by fome ancient Writers of good 
 Account. But, whereas this Country is the Seat of ihe pretended 
 Iniallible Head of the Church no Place can be more proper 
 to difcourle of the Boclrine of that Church, than this is. And, whereas 
 the Tenets of the Romijh Church (whereby fhe differs from all other 
 
 N 4 Chrijlim 
 
176 
 
 Top^ PiusV Creed, Part IL 
 
 Chriftian Churches, elpecially thofe of the Reformation ( are fiich, as 
 She, by her pretended General Councils [particularly thctt of Trent] 
 has fuperadded to the Chrijiim Faith i and endeavoured to impole 
 the belief of 'em, as fo many New Articles of Faith, upon the reft 
 of the Chriftian World : The beft Summary of her Doftrine, as 3 
 true arid unqueftionable Body of Popery, may be fitly reckon'd that 
 noted Creed of Pope Pins IV. the various Articles of which arp 
 thefe following. 
 
 •9; -O* iS* »• ^ ^' as .'K i« »t $ 
 
 Art. I. I believe in one God the 'Father Almighty, maker of 
 Heaven and Earth, and of all things vifible and invifible. 
 
 II. And in one Lord Jefus Chrifi, the only begotten Son of God, 
 begotten of his Father before all Worlds, God of God, Light 
 of Light, very God of very God, begotten mt made, being 
 of one Subjia7ice ivith the Father, by uuhom ' all things -were 
 made. 
 
 III. Who for us Men, and for our Salvation came doivn from 
 Heaven, and njas incarnate by the Holy Ghoji of the Virgin 
 Mary, and nvas made Man. 
 
 IV. And was crucified alfofor us under Pontius Pilate, fuffer- 
 ed and ivas buried. 
 
 V. And the third Day rofe again according to the Scriptures. 
 
 VI. And afcended into Heaven, and ftteth on the right-band 
 of the Father. 
 
 VII. And he fJoall come again with Glory to judge both the 
 quick and the dead: nvkoje Kingdom (hall have no end. 
 
 Vin. And I believe, in the Holy Ghofi, the Lord and Giver of 
 Life, who proceedeth from the Father and the Son, who witb 
 the Father and the Son together is worfnpped and glorified, 
 who fpake by the Prophets. 
 
 IX. And I believe one Catholick and Apoftolick Church. 
 
 X. I acknowledge one Baptifm for the remijJio?t of Sins, 
 
 XI. And I look for the RefurreSiio?! of the Dead. 
 
 XII. A7id the Life of the World to come. Amen. 
 
 XIII. I mojl finnly admit and embrace Apofiolical and Eccle- 
 fiafiical Traditions, and all other Obfervations and Cojtfiitu,- 
 fions of the fame Church, 
 
 py. \ 
 
Part II. T ope Ymds Creed, 177 
 
 XIV. I do admit the Holy Scriptures in the fame Senfe that ho- 
 ly Mother-Church doth, ivhoje Bufmefs it is to judge of the 
 true Senfe and Interpretation of them j and I 'will interpret 
 them according to the unanimous confent of the Fathers. 
 
 XV. I do profefs and believe that there are feven Sacraments 
 of the Law, truly and properly fo call'd, injlituted by fefus 
 Chrifi our Lord, and necejfary to the Salvation of Mankindy 
 though not all of them to every one, viz. Baptifm, Confir- 
 mation, Eucharifi, Penance, extreme Uniiion, Orders, and 
 Marriage, and that they do confer Grace ^ and that of the fe 3 
 Baptifm, Confrmation and Orders, may not be repeated 
 without Sacrilege. I do alfo receive and admit the received 
 and approved 'Rights of the Catholick Church in her folemn 
 Adminif ration of the abovefaid Sacraments. 
 
 XVI. I do embrace and receive all and every thing that hath 
 been defined and declared by the holy Council of Trent con- 
 cerning Original Sin and Jufification. 
 
 XVII. 1 do alfo profefs, that in the Mafs there is offered unto 
 God a true, proper and propitiatory Sacrifice for the quick and 
 the dead ; and that in the mof holy Sacranmit of the Eu- 
 charift: there is truly ^ really and Jubftantially the Body and 
 Blood, together luith the Soul and Divinity of our Lord Je- 
 fus Chrifi:, and that there is a Converfon made of the 
 vjhole Subfiance of the Bread into the Body, and of the vihole 
 Subftance of the Wine into the Bloody luhich Converfon the 
 Catholick Church calls Tranfubftantiation. 
 
 XVIII. / confefs that under one kind only, ivhale and entire 
 Chrifi and a true Sacrament is taken and received. 
 
 XIX. I do firmly believe that there is a Purgatory , and that 
 the Souls kept Prifoners there do receive help by the Suffra- 
 ges of the Faithful, 
 
 XX. I do likevjife believe, that the Saints reigning together with 
 Chrifi are to be luorfhiped and prayed unto and that they 
 do offer Prayers unto God for us, and that their Relicks are 
 to be had in Veneration. 
 
 XXI. 1 do mofl firmly affert, that the Images of Chrifi, of the 
 Bleffed Virgin the Mother of God, and of other Saint s, ought 
 to be had and ret a ined, and that due Homur a7td Veneration 
 ought to be given them. 
 
 XXU. I 
 
178 
 
 Tope PiusV Creed. 
 
 Part IL 
 
 XXII. I do affirmy that the Poiver of Indulgences -was left hy 
 Chrift in the Churchy and that the Ufe of them is very be- 
 mficial to Chriflian Teople. 
 
 XXIII. I do ackno-wledge the Holy^ Catholic k and Apoftolick 
 Roman Churchy to he the Mother and Mifirefs of all 
 Churches j and I dopromife and fnvear true Obedience to the 
 Bifiop of Rome, the Succejfor of St. Peter, the Prince of 
 the Apoftlesy and Vicar of Jefus Chrifi. 
 
 XXIV. I do undoubtedly receive and profejs all other things 
 <which have been delivered, defined, and declared by the fa~ 
 cred Canons and Oecumenical Councils, and efpecially by the 
 holy Synod of Yrsnt j and all things contrary thereunto, and 
 
 aU Here pes condemned, rejeSied, and anathematized by the 
 Churchy I do likenvife condemn, rejeii, a?id anathetnatize. 
 
 SECT. 
 
Back of 
 Foldout 
 Not Imaged 
 
AKewMap of 
 TURKY m 
 EUROPE 
 
Part 
 
 179 
 
 SECT. VII. 
 Concerning ^UXhp in Europe. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 ^ J between ^ of Long. |^ J Length is about 660. 
 
 J J. betweea '^^^ ^ ^ ^Breadth is about 600. 
 
 Turl^ in E«ro/»e being divided into a Clafles, 
 
 >the J3muh§ 
 South J 
 
 Hungary ^ 
 
 , , Trmfilvania - 
 
 heads 
 
 ' Moldavia 
 ^Lejfer Tartary 
 
 ^ IBuda 
 
 Hermanflat -- 
 
 /' 'Romania--^ 
 
 I Bulgaria 
 
 \Servia 
 
 South com^re- yBofnia—- 
 
 hends ^ Sclavonia -— . 
 J Croatia 
 f Dalmatia 
 \Greece 
 
 Sackaovp- 
 Crim—^ 
 
 a 
 I ^ 
 
 r*[u Sophia—t 
 I Belgrade- 
 
 Confio/ntinople- 
 
 >W. to E. 
 
 >E. to W. 
 
 IBofnO' Seraio — — I 
 Fopga— 
 Wihitz.-, 
 
 fa-—. I I Spalatro \W. 
 J l^Salonichi — — — j 
 
 toS.E. 
 
 Of all thefe in Order. 
 
 Hungary 
 
ISO 
 
 Turky in Europe, 
 
 Part II. 
 
 Hungary divided into 
 
 f Tresburg'—' 
 Newhaufel— 
 Peji- 
 
 irpper^ 
 North 
 
 Colocz/t' 
 
 IEfperies ■ 
 Cafchnw ■ 
 Tokay - - 
 ^ia Upper <^ Agrin-" 
 ' * Zolnock'- 
 
 Seged'm «- 
 Zntmur- 
 
 ! u 
 
 South J 
 
 are 
 
 BebreoTien 
 
 Great Waradin 
 Gyulla - 
 
 to S. Ev upon the 
 Danube. 
 
 ^N. to S. upon the 
 Tryffa. 
 
 N. to S. on the E. of 
 
 Tefa. 
 
 in Lower 
 K are 
 
 ;^ \JIemefn»aer 
 
 CRaab 
 
 I Gran — — 
 
 I Bud a 
 
 ^ Kamifcha' 
 
 ' 7 W. 
 
 — S ' 
 
 to S. E. on the 
 Danube. 
 
 Siget. 
 
 W. toE. upon the 
 
 Sml-WeiJJenburg, allter Alba Regalis upon 
 Zarwiza. 
 
 In Iranjihania 
 
 The Chief Towns arc< Newmark — ; . o „„„„„ „ , . ^ 
 ) mifenburg - j*^* ^° ^' "P°°° ^""-'^'^ 
 Jiertnanjiat upon the Alauta. 
 
 In Valachia 
 
 The Chief Towns frerfi'o/Vi- 
 are {JSuckerefi - 
 
 »From N. to S. 
 
 In 
 
Part II. Turky in Europe] 
 
 In Moldavia 
 
 rsoc^-pf "Iprom W. to S. 
 
 The Chief Towns are*: Jaf^^iy J 
 
 \Rommi Wiwftr Southward. 
 
 In Little T'anary. 
 Th=ChiefTownsare{^5:?fZirIZ:}f">'»N..oS. 
 
 In Romania, 
 
 f Conftanmople • ■ — ^ 
 
 The Chief Towns J Adrianople 1 yrom E, t» 
 
 are , '\PhUippopoli, alitev j V W' 
 
 Fhilii^a • — — J 
 
 In Bulgaria 
 
 r Sophia ^ 
 
 The Chief Towns are<^ Siliflria >From S. toN, 
 
 \_Nigopoli- — J 
 
 In Servia 
 
 ^Scopia- 
 
 Guftandil- ^From S. toN. 
 
 Viddia J 
 
 rrr, J N//f^ 1 From S. to N. W. upoa 
 
 The Chief Towns are <J ^JJ^^ j> Marowa. 
 
 1 
 
 Belgrade ^ 
 
 Bracco— > >From N. toS. 
 
 Is 
 
Turky in Eurape^ 
 
 Pan IL 
 
 In Bofnia» 
 
 The Chief Towns are<> :^acyza~ J^''''^ ^' W. 
 
 \Bomiahitch, Southward. 
 
 In Sclavonia, 
 
 The Chief Towns are<^ Teter Wkmdln J>From W. to E, 
 
 \l.J[eck upon the Brave. 
 
 In Croatia. 
 
 TheCJ^ief Towns are^ Dubiz.^ j^^^o"^ S. to N, 
 
 XjCarelftat, Weftward. 
 
 In Dalmatia. 
 
 \sebenico 
 
 the Chief Towns are Mf'^f^o VProm W. to S. E. 
 
 J Ndrenza— 
 j Raguji. 
 
 m 
 
 CScodranl— 
 Catm-o- 
 
 Laftly, Greece [by the Turks Rumelia~] comprehends 
 the following Divifions. 
 
 ~ Macedonia g ridcm-.- 1 xt i 
 
 ^I6a..a^^ /I (l^lTriljNorthward. 
 
 Viz < '^^^^^^'^ \§ ) J anna. | 
 
 • N E^tms . _ ( " 1 ^'^e^ r the Middle. 
 
 Achnia - \ / ^''i'^'^'^ J 
 
 felopnnefus —. — Jm{^ Morea^ lying Southward of all. 
 
Part 11. 
 
 Turky ill Europe. 
 
 183 
 
 Contejfa- 
 Salontchi 
 Macedonia are< Reucria . 
 
 Tlorim- 
 Cogni — 
 
 r Scutari' 
 
 \ AlefJIo 
 
 Albmla are < Croia--— 
 ) Duraazo 
 yVallona > 
 
 C LariJJa- 
 Thejfalia are < Tricala- 
 Xjfama - 
 
 .N.E.toS.W. 
 
 >N. to S. 
 
 to W. 
 
 U 
 u 
 
 Eftrus are 
 
 Achala are 
 
 Camna- 
 \ Chimera ■ 
 <^ Butrinto ■ 
 
 J Trevefa - 
 
 \Larta 
 
 Lepanto < ■ — - 
 I Ci«7?r/ C olim Delphi) 
 Atines (olim Athem) 
 ' Maraton 
 
 >N. to S* 
 
 .W. to E. 
 
 Stives (olim T/^^e^^e ) • 
 
 MorM are 
 
 Z' CorintO' 
 
 I Napoli di Konania- 
 \j\dalvafia 
 JColochina 
 
 jNavarine— 
 / Chiarenza - 
 ^_^P/j/r/»(^ 
 
 Nigh the Sea-Coaft, 
 all round the Pf* 
 
 ( ninfula. 
 
 THIS 
 
Turky in Europe. Part. II, 
 
 THIS vaft Complex Body, comprehending theft various Coun-^ 
 tries above-mention 'd, and the moft remarkable of 'em being 
 Hmgar/y Greece, and little Hungary ; we fhall firft treat of thefe 
 three feperateiy, and then conjundly of all the reft, under the Ge- 
 neral Title of the Dambian Provmces. Therefore, 
 
 §. I. HUNG A R Y, 
 
 ^9XM.'\irXUngary (which for Method's fake, we ftill continue 
 JLX under the General Head of European Turky, tho' almoft 
 entirely under the Emperor oi' Germany } contains a part of Pannonia, 
 with fbme of ancient Germany and Dacia ; is now bounded on the 
 Eaft by Tranfihania; on the Weft by Auftria ; on the North by Po- 
 lonia Propria; on tht Souxhhy Sclavonia--, and term'd by the 7M/w»ji, 
 Ungharia; by the Spaniards, Hungrid; by the French, Hungrier by 
 the Germans, Ungern ; and by the EitgliJJo, Hungary 5 lb call'd from the 
 ancient Inhabitants, the Hunni or Hunns. 
 
 31 it.] The Air of this Country is generally efteerri'd very un- 
 wholefome to breath in ; which is chiefly occafion'd from much Mo- 
 rifti Ground, and many Lakes, wherewith this Country abounds. 
 The oppofite Place of the Globe to Hungary is that part of the vaft 
 Pacifick Ocean, between ^ 1 8 and 233 Degrees of Longitude, with 
 4f and Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 il^Oil.] The Soil of this Country fit lying in the 7th and 8th North 
 Climate ) is very fruitful in Corn and Roots, and various Ibrts of plea- 
 lant Fruit, affording alio excellent Pafturage 5 and ftveral of its 
 Mountains produce Ibme valuable Mines of Copper, Iron, Quick- 
 lilver. Antimony and Salt. Yea, fo noted is this Country for Mines, 
 that no lefs than feven remarkable Towns go by the Name of Mine 
 Towns,ths: chief of which is Chemnitz,whok Mine hath been wrought 
 in about 900 Years. The Length of the Days and Nights in 
 gaty is much the fame as in the Sourthern Circles of Germany. 
 
 CommODitiCi?. ] This being an Inland Country, and thereby hav- 
 ing not fettl'd Trade with Foreign Parts, we may reckon the Produ£l 
 of the Soil the chief Commodities with which the Inhabitants deal 
 with their Neighbours, 
 
 IRatittCB.] Here are many natural Baths, efpecially thofe at 
 which are reckon'd the nobleft in Europe, not only for their variety of 
 hot Springs, but alio the magnificency of their Buildings. There are 
 
 likewife 
 
Pare II. Turkey in Europe. 177 
 
 likewife two hot Bagnios near 'Tranfchtn^ upon the Confines oi Mora- 
 via ; and others at Schemnitz in Upper Hungary. Befides which there 
 are 'waters in feveral Parrs of this Country of a petrifying Nature, 
 and others that corrode Iron to fuch a degree, that they'll confume 
 a Horfe-fhooe in 24 Hours. Near Efperies in Helper Hungary^ are two 
 deadly Fountains, whofe Waters fend forth fuch an infectious Steanij, 
 that it kills either Beaft or Bird approaching the fame ; for the pre- 
 venting of which, they are wali'd round, and kept always cover'd. 
 
 , 'IJccljtmfbopjicfi.ij.] ArchhlJhopYkh in this Country are thofe of 
 
 GratJf Colocza. 
 
 25ijl^Op2lClt!i'.] Bipopricks in this Country, are thofe of 
 
 Meytrachty Raa^' Great Waradin. 
 
 ilSnitjerlltiej?.] Wh^t Umverjltles are eftablifh'd in this Country, 
 fince the re-taking it from the Infidels is uncertain* 
 
 lEanncC^'] The Hungarians (mote addicted to Mars than Mln^r- 
 va) are generally look'd upon as good Soldiers, being Men, for the 
 moft part, of a ftrong and well proportion'd Body, valiant and 
 daring in their Undertakings, but reputed cruel and infulting when 
 Conquerors* 
 
 S-Snguagt"] The Hungarians have a peculiar Language of their 
 own, which harh little or no Affinity with thofe of the Neighbour- 
 ing Nations, fave only the Sclavonic^ from which it hath borrow'd 
 feveral Words, and which is alfo fpoken in fome Parts of this Coun- 
 try, as the German in other, ^ater No^er in the Hungarian Tongue 
 runs thus, Ply atyanc ki vagy az mennieJiben, fzenteltejfac mega te nerved 
 jojon el az te ofragod ; legiion /negate akaratod, mint az menyhen., ugy ite 
 ■ ez foldonois ; az mimindenuapi kenyirunket ad meg nekunc ma : es bocxafd 
 meg mine cptnc az me vet kinket, mikeppem rniis megbcczatune azocknac^ 
 az kic miellenunc vet keztenec : es ne "vlgi minket az kifertetbej dejz^i" 
 baditzmeg minket az gonofztol. Amen. 
 
 <j50tJernment.] This Kingdom being alraoft wholly recover'd from 
 the Ottoman Slavery by the late fuccelsful Progrefs of the Imperial 
 Arms, is now dependent on the Jurifdiftion oi the hmperOr, who is 
 ftil'd King thereof. The AfiTemhiy of the States confilts of the 
 Clergy, Barons, Noblemen?.ud Free Citizens.who ufually meet once every 
 three Years ; w hich Ailembly hath Power zoEkti^ Fal^tin, wh<^by 
 
 O she 
 
lyg Turliey in Europe, Part 11. 
 
 the Conftitiition ©f the Realm) ought (to be a Native Hungary ; 
 and to him belongs the Management of all Military Concerns, as*^ 
 alfo the Adrainiftration of Juftice in Affairs both Civil a^d Cri- 
 minal. 
 
 ^tm.^.] See Girmanp 
 
 JlCliSiOn.] The prevailing Retigion in this Country, is that of the 
 Church of Rome, efpecialiy fince the late Conquefts made by the 
 Imperial Arms. Next to it is the DoQirine of Luther and Cahln, 
 ■which is zealoufly maintain'd by great multitudes of People, and 
 many of 'em are Perfons of confiderable Note. Befides thefe are to 
 be found moft Sorts and SeSs of Chriftians, as alfo many Jews, and 
 Jiiahometarts not a few. This Kingdom receiv'd the Knowledge of 
 the Bleffed Gofpel in the beginning of the Eleventh Century, and 
 that by the induftrious Preaching of Albert ^ Archbifhop ot Prague, 
 
 § I.GREECE. 
 
 I^QrttC] Reece {^formerly Gr<ccia and Eellis ; and now bounded 
 VjT on the Eaft by the Archipelago, or JEgean Sea ; on the 
 North by the Danuhian Provinces ; on the Weft and South by part 
 of the Mediterranean Seaj is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards^ 
 Grxcia ; by the French^ la Greece ; by the Germans, Griecherland ; 
 and by' the EngUJb, Greece: Why fo call'd, is varioufly conje£lur'd 
 by our Modern Criticks ; but the moft receiv'd Opinion is, that the 
 Name derives its Original from an Ancient Prince of that Country, 
 caird Grisctis, 
 
 ^tC] The Air of this Country being generally Pure and Tem- 
 perate, is reckon'd very pleafant and healthful to breathe in. The 
 oppofite Place of the Globe to Greece, is that part of the vaft Paci- 
 fick Ocean between 201 and 205 Degrees of Longitude, with 37 
 Degrees 30 Min. and 40 Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 ^|>OiI.] The Soil of this Country (it lying under the 5th North 
 Climate) is not only very fit for Pafture, (there being much fertile 
 Champain Ground) but alfo it affords good ftore of Grain, when 
 duly manured ; and abounds with excellent Grapes, and otl>er de- 
 licious Fruits. The longeft Day in the Northmoft Part of Greece^ 
 is about 15 Hours ; the fhortefl in the Southmoft, p Hours I:, and 
 the Nights proportionably. 
 
Part IL 
 
 Turkey in Europe. 
 
 179 
 
 CommoDltiCj?.] Tht ch\^^ Commodities this Country, are rec- 
 kon'd Raw Silks, Pernocochi, Oil, Turkey-Leather, Gakc-Soap» 
 Honey, Wax, ©^c 
 
 iHflridCil.] At Cafiri (a little Village on the South of M. Pamaffus, 
 now Liacuray by the Turks^ are fome Infcriptions, which evince it 
 to have been the ancient Delphi, fo famous all the World over for 
 the Oracle Apollo. (2.) On the aforefaid Mountain isapleafanc 
 Spring, which having feveral Marble Steps defcending to it, and 
 many Niches made in the Rock for Statues, give occafion to think 
 that this was the renown'd Fons Cafialius, or Caballinus ^^hich. infpir'd 
 (as People then imagin'd) the ancient Poets. (3.) J" Lhadia (the 
 ancient Jchaia) is a hideous Cavern in a Hill, which was very fa- 
 mous of old for the Oracles ofTrophonius. (4.) Between the large 
 Lake ofLivadia and the Euh^an Sea fwhofe fhorteft diftance is four 
 Miles) are upwards ot forty wonderful Subterraneous Paffages hewn 
 out ofthe firm Rock, and that quite under a huge Mountain, to let 
 the Water have a Vent, otherwife the Lake being furrounded with 
 Hills, and conftantly fupply'd by feveral Rivulets from thefe Hills, 
 ■would ftill overflow the adjacent Country. (5.) On M. Oneiusy in the 
 Ifthmus of Corlnthy are the Remains of the IJihmian 'Theatre^ being 
 the Place where the Ifihmian Games were formerly celebrated. (6.) 
 Here are alfo fome Vejligia of that Wall built by the Lacedxmoniam, 
 from one Sea to the other, for fecuring the Peninfula from the In- 
 curfions of the Enemy, (-j.) Thro' moft Parts of Greece^ are ftill 
 extant the Ruins of many Heathen Temples ; efpecially that of the^ 
 Goddefs Ceres at Eleujis Cabout Four Hours from Athens) a part of 
 ^vhofe Statue is yet to be feen. And at Salonlchi are feveral ftately 
 Chriftian Churches (particularly thofe of S. SopUay Gabriel, and the 
 Virgin Mary) now converted into Mahometan Mofques, the laft of 
 -which is a noble Strufture, environ 'd on each fide with twelve Pil- 
 lars of j^^T^'er Stone, and as many Croffes upon their Chapiters re- 
 maining as yet ucdefaced by the Turks. But the Chief Rarities of 
 Greece may be reckon'd thofe various Monuments of Antiquity to 
 be feen at Athens : The Chief of which are thefe following, (i.) 
 The Acropolis, or Citadel, the moft ancient and eminent Part of 
 the City. (2.) The Foundation of the Walls round the City, fup- 
 pofed to be thofe erected by Tkefeus, who enlarg'd the fame. (3.) 
 The Temple of Minerva (now a Tmh^j Mofque) as intire, as 
 yet, as the Rotunda at Romet and is one of the moft beautiful Piece* 
 of Antiquity that's extant this Day in the Werld. (4 J The Panagi^ 
 Spiliotijfa, or Church of our Lady ot the Grotto. (5.) Some mag- 
 nificent Pillars, particularly thofe commonly reckon'd the Re-!* 
 maiqs of Adrian's Palace, of nvhich therq wcf? formejly fix Rows, 
 
iSo Turkey in Europe, Part II. 
 
 and 20 in each Row, but now only 17 ftand upright, and are 52. 
 Foot high, and i 7 in Circumference at the Bafe. Here likewife is 
 a Gate and an AqueduQ: of the faid Emperor. (6.) The Stadium 
 or Place where the Citizens us'd to run Races, encounter wild 
 Beafts, and celebrated the famous Games, term'd Pamthenea. (7.) 
 The Hill Aduftnum (now call'd To Seggio by the Inhabitants) fo nam'd 
 from the Poet Mufeus, the Difciple of Orpheus^ who was wont there 
 to recite his Verfes. TS.) Some Remains, conjeSur'd to be thofe of 
 the Areopagus Sitid Odeunjy or Theatre of Mufick. (9.) The Ruins of 
 many Temples, efpecially that of Augujfusy whofe Front is ftill intire, 
 confifting of four Dorick Pillars ; as alfo thofe of ThefeuSy Hercules, 
 jfupiter Olympius, Cajlor^nd Follux, &c. (lo.) TheToiver of Andro- 
 mcusCyrrh^Jles, or Temple of the Eight Winds ftill intire. (i i.) The 
 ikavariy or Lanthorn o\ TJemojiheneSy being a little Edifice of White 
 JSdarble, in Form of a Lanthorn, which is alfo intire. For a par- 
 ticular Defcriprion of all thcfe Rarities both at Athens, and other 
 Parts of Gmc^, with many remarkable Infcriptions, both in Greek 
 and Lathy Vid. Wheelers Travels. 
 
 3trcf)6ifl)Op2icft'^.] Archb'poprkks in this Country, are chiefly thofe 
 of " ■ 
 
 ■ AmphlpoUy Malvfjia, Salonikl^ 
 
 Larijfay 'Patvas, Adriample, 
 
 Tay-fa, Napoli d't Romanlity farina, 
 
 Athens, Corinth, 
 
 2?iff;0P2iCli{.u] Bijhopricks in this Country, are chiefly thofe of 
 
 Scotufa, Mifitra, Glykdon, Grnmtz.a, 
 
 Modon, Argiro Cajlre, Salona, Thalanta^ 
 
 Caminitzfiy Dehino, Livadiay Amphijfa. 
 
 Argos, Buirinto, 
 
 llm'ijeriltie?".] No Um-verpies in this Country, tho' once the 
 Spat of the Mufts ; but in lieu of them are 2.4. Monafteries of C/?/o- 
 yets or Greek Monks, of the Order of St. Bajfl, who live in a Colle- 
 giate manner on the famous M. Jtkoe, (now term'd ofof ayiov, or 
 the Holy Mountain) where the younger fort are inttruttcd in the Ho- 
 ly Scriptures, and ihe various Rites of the Greek Churchi and out of 
 tijefe College ts, are ufuaJly cholen thofe Bilhops who arefubjeft to 
 the Patriarch of Cenfiantinople. 
 
 ^anncrjS.] The Greeks (mo& famous of old, both for Arms and 
 Arts, and every thing dfe that's truly Valuable) are fo wonderfully 
 degenerated from their Forefathers, that ii.ftead of thofe excellent 
 
 Quali- 
 
part II. Turhy in Europe, i8i 
 
 Qualities which did fliine in 'em, particulailjr, K,7o-vIedp:e, Vrudence, 
 and Valour ; there's nothing now to be feen ^mong em, but the very 
 Reverfe or Contrary ot thefe, nnd that in the higheft degree. Such 
 is the treffure of the Ottoman Yoke, under vhich they groan at pre- 
 fent, that their ^^^imi are quite funk within 'em and their very 
 Afpea doth plainly declare a difconfolate and dejeacd Mir>d. How- 
 ever, the urithinhng Part ot 'em do fo little confider their prefenty/^- 
 vl(J} SuhieBlon, th^t there's no People more Jovial and Menily-d^fpos d, 
 being fo much given to Singing znADmchfr, that 't:s now becom^e a 
 Proverbial Saying, As merry as a Greek. The Trading Part of em 
 are penerafly very Cunning, and fo inelin'd to over-reach ^ir they 
 can) in their Dealings, that Strangers do not only meet with much 
 nlore Candour among the Turh ; but it one Turk fcem in the leaft to 
 difcredit another's Word or Promife, his Reply is fiiU at hand, i hope 
 you don't t rhe me for a Chrlfiian : Such is that Blot, which thefe Impru- 
 dent ProfefTois of Chrifiianity have caft upon our moft Holy Religion, 
 in the Eyes of its numerous and implacable Adverfaries. 
 
 language.] The Languages here in ufe, are theTurhp and Vulgar 
 Greek (the firft being peculiar to the Turks, and the other to the 
 Chrlfilans) a Specimen of the former fliall be given in the laft Fara- 
 graph of this Seaion. As for the other, I can't omit to mention 
 the mighty Difference there is betwixt it and the ancient Greek, 
 not only in rcfpea of the mzny Turkljh Words now mtcrraixt, but 
 alfo in the very Pronunciation of thofe which yet remain unalter- 
 ed ; as I particularly obferv'd by converfing with feveral of the 
 Greek Clergy in the Ifland of Cyprus, and elfewhere ; and being pre- 
 fent at fome of their publick Prayers. Yea, the Knowledge ot the 
 ancient Greek in its former Purity, is not only left among the vul- 
 <Tar fort of People, but alfo almolt extinguifh'd even among thofe 
 of the higheft Rank, few or none of their Ecclefiafticks themfelves 
 pretending to be Matters of it. And at Athens fonce fo renown'd for 
 Learning and Eloquence; their Tongue is now more corrupt and 
 barbarous, than in any other Part of Greece. Pater Nojler in the 
 beft Dialea of the modern Greek runs thus : Pater hemas, op/os ife 
 ees fos Ouramus hagia fihlio to Onoma fou, na ertt he hafiUafou, to thele- 
 ma fou na glnetez hzon en te Ge, os is ton Our anon : To pfomi hemas dofe 
 hemas ftmeron, K<e fi chorafe hemos ta crimata bemon itz.on, k<& hemas fi- 
 chora fomen eklnous opou, mas adlkounka mefi ternes hemas Is to pirafmo^ 
 alia fofon hemas apo to kako. Amen. 
 
 (©fliicrnment.] So many brave and valiant Generals did Greece for- 
 merly breed, th;ic Strangers ufually reforted thither to learn the Art 
 of War; and fuch were the MlHtavy Atchlevements of \.\\'\% V<to^\ef 
 both at home and abroad, and fo far did the force of their Arms ex- 
 tend, that under their Great Alexander was ere^ed the third Potent 
 
 Q ^ Monai- 
 
it 2 Turkey In Europe, Part 11. 
 
 Monarchy of the World. Bnt alas ! Such hath been the fad Catafirophe 
 of Affairs in this Country, ai^d fo low and lamentable is its Condition 
 at prefent, that nothing of its former Glory and Grandeur is now to 
 be feen. For its poor and miferable Natives are now ftrangely cow'd 
 and dirpiri?ed ; its fonce) numerous and flourifhing Cities^ are now 
 depopulated, and meer heaps of Ruhs ; its large and fertile Provinces 
 are now laid wafte, and lie uncultivated. And lately the whole, and 
 ftill a great part of the Country, doth now groan under the heavy 
 Burden of the I'urh'ip Yoke ; and its various Divifions are rul'd by 
 their refpeftive Sangiacks in Subordination to the Grand Seignior. 
 
 MlXtl$.1 See the laft Paragraph of this Seftion. 
 
 Religion.] The eftablilh'd Religion in this Country, is that of Ma- 
 Joomelamfm ; but Chriftianity (for its number of Profeflbrs) doth far 
 more prevail. The chief Tenets of the Mahometan Religion may be 
 feen § 4. of this Section (to which I remit the Reader,) As for Chrifti- 
 anity, 'tis profefs'd in this Country, according to the BoBrine of the 
 Greek Church, the Principal Points of which, as it differs from the 
 Wefiern Chrifiian Churches (whether Frotefiant or Roman) are thefe 
 following, viz- ( lO Greeks deny the ProcelTion of the Holy 
 Ghoft from the Son, aflerting, that he proceedeth only from the Fa- 
 ther thro' the Son. ( i>) They alfo deny the DoBrine of Furgatory, 
 yet ufually pray for the Dead. ( i.) They believe that the Souls of 
 the 'Faithful departed this Life, are not admitted unto the Beatifck 
 Vifion till after the RefurreBion. ( 4O They celebrate the Bleffed Sacra- 
 ment of the Eucharifi in both Kinds, but make the Communicant rake 
 three Morfels of Leaven d Breads and three fips of Wine, in Honour 
 of the l^hree Ferfons of the Adorable "Trinity, ( They admit Chil- 
 dren to participate of the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, when only 
 feven Years of Age, becaufe then it is (fay they) that they begin to 
 fin. ( 6.) They allow not of Extream XJnEiion and Confirmation, and 
 difapprove of fourth Marriages, (i-) They admit none into Holy 
 Orders but fuch as are married, and inhibit all fecond Marriages, 
 being once in Orders. (%.) They rejeO: all carved Images, butadmic 
 of Figures, wherewith they adorn their Churches. Laftiy, They ob- 
 ferve font Lents in the Year, and efteem it unlawful to Faft upon 
 Saturdays. In their publick Worpip they ufe four Liturgies, viz. That 
 commonly calVd St. James's, St. Chryfojiom's, St.Bafirs, and St.Gregory 
 the Great's, together with LelTons out of the Lives of their Saints, 
 which makes their Service to be of fuch a tedious indifcreet Length, 
 that it commonly lafts five or fix Hours together. The Fafts and Fe- 
 ftivals yearly obferv'd in' the Greek Church are very numerous ; and 
 were it not for em, 'tis probable that Chrifiianity had been quite 
 exlixpated out of this Country long *ere now : For by Means of the 
 
 Solemnities 
 
Part II. TiUYhy in. turofe. ' i^? 
 
 Solemnities (which yet are celeb..tca .ith a .^^^ 
 
 blMs and B-.ji.op, particularly ^^^^^f .f^^^J.f ^^^^^^ 
 view thofe Eulefiaflich find both 
 
 State of all committed to 'Yl tTI\ir^oi^\ Ignorance, 
 
 P.i./ and Footle labounng under f»^^ g^^^ X Weftern Churches 
 that Ave could not refrain from wiibing, ^^""^ ^\[y/^c ^^o<wledge\ 
 TcMfiendorn [by their Di.i/cm, Imp^eUes, f^^V^^^^^ 
 mav not provoke the Almighty at laft to plague ern likew^ w 
 
 § 3. LiVf/^ Tartarj. 
 
 „■», r«rMrie ; by the Gi:rmnm Kle,m fa'tary ^L?/ ' ; ; 
 
 i alfo C«m-5r:..«-.7 from C,im, the ptincpal C.ty of the Countty. 
 
 ait.l The of this Coactry is generally granted '""^"f » '"^ 
 . tempeate Nature, but yet unhealthful to b'"'''^ ^ij„75°- 
 
 srpiace of the Globe lo ^f:jxi':'6.i^or^o:l.X^^^ 
 
 ftralis incognita. Between 215 and 225 L>egrecs 01 i-u ^ 
 45 and 49 Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 ;&OiL] The of this Country Ot lying ^P"^ 5!t 
 
 mafe ) is very different in different Parts, fome Places abounding 
 S Grain an'd Fruits, and others pefter'd vv^th ^^^^^^^^^^^f^^ 
 Tnd barren Mountains. The length of the Days and Nights here, is 
 the fame as in the Northern Parts of France. 
 
 €mmmti^^-l The Commas of thh Co^^^^^^^ 
 Slaves, Leather, Chalcal Skins, and feveral ^^^^^ ^V^""' 5 
 they exchange with the adjacent 'Turks for other Commodities 
 they want. 
 
 iparitie.^.] Some Travellers relate of this wild ^nd barbarous part 
 of the World, that few, or no ravenous Bealb are found |here^n.^ 
 «,..•■ O 4 ' •' 
 
Turkey in Europe. Part II. 
 
 Ara others tell us, That many of its Fens and Marfhes abound 
 mightily uMth Salt, which is naturally there produc'd in prodigious 
 i4_uantities. r & 
 
 IrcPinjOpaiCft-^.] Jrchhijhoprich in this Country. None. 
 2$l'ftOp^iCfei.M Bifiopricks in this Country, are thofe of 
 
 ^""^"y Gothla. 
 llnibetfitfC^.] Vmverfttles in this Country. None. 
 
 mannerji' J The Crim Tartars are generally Men of vigorous and 
 yobuftBodie. able to endure all the Hardlhips of a Miluary Zife; 
 and many of em (being endu'd with Courage and Vigour of Mind 
 conform to their Strength of Body) prove'' the belt of Soldiers 
 They are reputed to be very juft in their Dealings with one ano- 
 tdl^T d'm "'^"^^f Strangers. Many of 'em are mueh ad- 
 difted to Pillage, and they ufually feed upon Horfe-flefli. 
 
 f J?5«35C.J The of the Crim-Tartays is the Scythian, or 
 
 pure r^r/^../V.. which hath fuch aRefemblance to the Turkifh, as the 
 tCt rl r cT) '^''^^ T^^t^^s^nA Turks underftandingone ano- 
 ^^V:^^''^''^^^^*^h^nd Spain. Th^ Arahick is here learn'd at 
 
 .nnc 'I' ^^"'^y- ^"P' the lartarefque, 
 
 runs thus ; Atfcha Kvyzom Chyhoktafen ^Igufch, ludor fenug ador^el fmm, 
 chaulHchon^ hd fun fcnuntr arkchneg, alelgierda uharhtavervifum gunda- 
 lucfo ot mak chu mufen vougou kai vifum jafuchen, den bif dacha haielherin 
 bijumjnfocbnamaftn, datcha koima vfu fumanacha, ilia garta v.femy 
 gemandatn. Amen. 
 
 eobernment.] This Country is govern'd by its own Prince, com- 
 monly term d the CW of Tanarj, whoisuJder the Proteftion of 
 tiie ureat lurk, whofe Sovereignty he acknowledgeth by the ufual 
 ^J^T7c '^^^^^^""g « Standard. The Grand Sel^mor aftually 
 pofieffeth fome part of this Country, and maintains one Betrllerhek 
 and two Sangutcks, in the Places of greareft Importance : As alfo 
 he detains as Hoftage, the apparent SaccelTor of th^Chin,, who is 
 «rdinar, y either his Son or Brother. To all which, the Tartars x^.^- 
 0ily yield upon the Account of an ancient Compaft ; whereby the 
 
 tr^t'n^^''^\'^^^^.^''.^^^''^''^ whenever the Heirs male 
 
 ct the Ottoman Line fhall fail. 
 
 '^IfA "^r'^^-^'^'T bears for his Enfigns Armorial, Or, 
 
 -iirce Orittins Sable^ arm d Gules, 
 
Part 11. 
 
 Turkey in Europe. 
 
 185 
 
 IHeliaion.] The Crlm-'Tavtars ('for the mofl: partj are zealous Pro- 
 feflbrs of the Mahometan DoSrine, except fome who continue ftill 
 :pagan ; and intermix'd with them are many Chrifiiansy efpecially 
 Greeks and Armenians, bcfides a confiderable Number of Roman Ca- 
 tholicks. When this Country was firft water 'd with the Blefled 
 Gofpel, is not very certain. 
 
 § 4. Danulian Trovwces. 
 
 |lamC.]'~r'HE remaining Part of Turkey in Europe [bounded on 
 X the Eajl by Pontus Euxlnus and the Propontis ; on the 
 Weji by Hungary ; on the North by Poland j and on the South by Greece'} 
 is here confider'd under the afl'um'd Title of Danubian Provinces, 
 This we chufe to do upon the Account of their Situation, being near 
 unto, or upon the Banks of the Danube. But fince each of thefe Pro- 
 vinces requires a peculiar Etymology, take the fame as followeth ; 
 (i.) Tranjlh/jnia (the ancient Dacia Adediterranea) fo call'd by the 
 Romans, ^afi trans fylvas, it being f^merly encompafled with vaft 
 mighty Forefts. (2.) Valachia, part bf old Dacia) corruptedly fo 
 call'd for Flaccia, which Title came from one Flaccus, an ancient Ge- 
 neral, who made that part of the Country a Roman Colony. ( 
 Moldavia ( the Seat of the ancient Getoe) fo call'd from a little River 
 of the fame Name. (/!^.) Romania ("the chiefeft part of old l^race) 
 fo call'd from i?oOTdi Nova, viz. Confiantinople. {^.) Bulgaria^ or ra- 
 ther Wolgar'ia ('the old Moefla Inferior) fo call'd from Volga, it being 
 formerly fubdu'd andpoffefs'd by a People which came from the Banks 
 of that Jkiver. (6.) Servla. Cof old Moefia Superior) why fo call'd, is 
 not very certain, (-j.) Bofnla fpart of the ancient Pannonla) fo 
 call'd from a River of the fame Name. (2>.) .W^rwwi^ f another Part 
 o{ Pannonla) fo call'd. from its ancient Inhabitants, xht Sclavl. (9.) 
 Croatia ^heretofore known by the Name of Llburnia) fo call'd from 
 its Inhabitants, the Croates. Laftly, Dalmatla, much of the ancient 
 Illyrlcum ; but as for the Etymology of that Name, 'tis not yet agreed 
 upon among Criticks. 
 
 5llit.] The Air of thefe various Provinces doth mightily vary, ac- 
 cording to their Situation, and Nature of the Soil. The oppofitc 
 Place of the Globe ro them, is that part of the vaft Pacifick Ocean, 
 between 220 and 255 Degrees of Longitude, with 42 and 48 Degrees 
 of South Latitude. 
 
 ^OH.] The Soil of thefe various Provinces ( they lying in the 7th 
 and 8th North Climate) cannot reafonably be expefted to be the fame 
 
Turkey in Europe, Part IL 
 
 in all. Croatia is Cold and Mountainous, yet producing all Necejfar'tes 
 for the Life of Man. Servia much more Pleafant and f^ercile. Bulgaria 
 Unplcafant and Barren, being full of Defarts, and ill inhabited. 
 Moldavia more Temperate and Fertile, but the greateft part of it un- 
 cultivated. Romama affords great Quantity of Corn and Fruits, and 
 fcveral of its Mountains produce fome Mines of Silver^ Lesd, and Al- 
 lum. The longeft Day in the Northmojl part is about id Hours; the 
 ihorteft in the Southmofi is p Hours, and the Nights proportionably. 
 
 CommotJitiej^O Moft of thefe Provinces being inland, barren 
 Countries (except Romania) and therefore little frequented by 
 Strange.s, the Number of their Commodities can't be very great ; fave 
 only thofe expo-rted from Stamhoal, which are chiefly Grograms.Camb- 
 letsy Mohair^ CarpetSy Anmfeeds, Cottons, Galls, and nioft other rich 
 Uui'kijb Conimodities. 
 
 Jtacitie^.] In one of the Mines of Tranfdvania, viz. that of Rimili 
 Dominmdz, are found fometimes large Lumps of Virgin Gold, fit for 
 tht Mint, without any purifying, (z.) Other parts oi this Country af- 
 tord fuch vaft Quantities of Stone Salt, as to fupply all the Neighbom- 
 trig Nations with that ufeful Mineral. (-^,) Near to Enguedlne, in the 
 lame Prtncipality ( the antient Anniftm) are feveral Monuments oi An- 
 tiquity, efpecially the Remains of a large Military Way, or long 
 Caufway made by one Annius, a Captain of a Roman Cohort. ('4.; Ac 
 SpaUtro in Dalmatia, are the Ruins of Diodejian's Palace, in which he 
 took up his Refidence when he retir'd from the Empire. fj.J Here 
 is alfo an intire Temple confecrated to Jupiter, which is of an oao- 
 gonal Form, and adorn'd with feveral ftately Pillars of Porphyry. 
 (6.) At Zara in the fame Province are many Ruins of Roman Archi- 
 tefture, and feveral Heathen Altars, ftill to be feen. But what moftly 
 deferves our Regard, are thofe Monuments of Antiquity, as yet extant, 
 in or near toConJiantinople,thc chief of which are thefe following, w?;. 
 (i.J The Hippodrome (novJc^lVd Atmidan, a Word of like Signification; 
 in which remains fofne ftately Hieroglyphic a I Pillars, particularly, one 
 of Egyptian Granite, 50 Foot long, and yet but one Stone ; and ano- 
 ther of Brafs, only 14 Foot high, and in Form of three Serpents 
 ■wreath'd together up to the Top, where their Heads feparate, and 
 look three diffwent ways. ( %.) South of the Hippodrome, is that Co- 
 lumn commonly call'd the Hijlorical Pillar, curioufly carv'd from Top 
 to Bottom, expreffing variety of Warlike Aclions, (^.) Weft of the 
 Hippodrome is another Column of Porphyry, brought hither from Rome 
 by Confiantine the Great, which having fuffer'd much Damage by Fire, 
 IS now call'd the Burnt Pillar. (4.; Nigh the Mouth of the Black Sea 
 is a Pillar of the Corinthian Order, about i© Foot high, with an im- 
 perfeil hfcription on its Bafe, vulgarly call'd Pompey% Pillar^ which 
 
Part II. Turley in Europe, ^ 187 
 
 hath been probably ereaed for a Se^x-marli by Day, as the Lanthorn 
 at nanavi is by Night. ( From the Black Sea to the City of Con- 
 (lantinople, reacheth that noble AcjueduBy made by the Emperor Valen- 
 tinian fwhofe Name it recainethj and repair'd by Solyman the Great, 
 To thefe we may add that noble Pile of Building SanBa Sophia^ for- 
 merly a Chripan Temple^ but now a Mahometan Mofque ; for a par- 
 ticular Defcription of which, with the other Remarkables above- 
 mention'd, fee Sandys, Wheeler, Spon, with other modern Travellers. 
 
 2£tcljbifl)0p2icfi^t3 Here is one Patriarchate, -viz. that of Conjiatt' 
 thople, as alio leveral Archbijhoprichy efpecially thofe of 
 
 Chalcedony Sophia, 
 Trajanopoli, Antivarl. 
 
 Ragufa, or Raguji, 
 
 ■ ^if[)Op2icft^.3 Chid Bifioprich in thefe Provinces, are thofe of 
 
 Tofoga, . Zagrahe, Narenza, 
 
 Belgrade, Scardona, Cattaro* 
 
 lilniteVtltlCj^.l Vnherfitles in thefe Provinces, none. 
 
 IBanner^.] Thefe various Provinces are inhabited by various forts 
 of People, particularly the ^J/t^/tfTjiawj, who are generally Men of a 
 robuft and ftrong ConflHution, and very fit to be Soldiers. Next, the 
 Croats, who are efteem'd to be Perfons fo Valiant jiw^ Faithful, that 
 they are entertain'd by many German Princes as their Guards. Laftly, 
 The Servians and Bulgarians, who are reckon'd very Cruel, and uni- 
 verfally given to Robbery. But as for the natural I'«r/;T, they are thus 
 charaaenzd, viz. Men cf a fwarthy Complexion, robuft Bodies, of 
 a good Stature, and proportionably compared : Men, who, tho' ge- 
 nerally addiaed to fome horrid Vices fnot to be nam'd among Chri- 
 ftians) are yet Perfons of great Integrity in their Dealings, ftrid Ob- 
 fervers ot their Word ; abundantly civil to Strangers, extraordinarily 
 charitable after their own way ; and fo zealous Obfervers of the various 
 Duties cnioin'd by their Religion ('efpecially that of Prayer) that their 
 Frequency in the fame may juftly reproach the general Praaice of 
 Chnftians now-a-days. In their ordinary Salutations they lay their 
 Hand on their Bofoms, and a little incline their Bodies, but accoft- 
 ing a Perfon of Quality, they bow almoft to the Ground, and kifs the 
 Hem of his Garment. They account it an opprobrious Thing to un- 
 cover their Heads ; and as they walk in the Streets, they prefer the 
 kft Hand hdoxe the right, as being thereby, Mafter of his Cymitar 
 • •vsith 
 
i88 Turkey in Eunpe. Part IL 
 
 ^ith whom they walk. Walking up and down they never ufe, and 
 mach wonder ar that Cuftom of Chriftians. Their chief Recreati- 
 ons are Shooting with the Bow, and Throwing, of Lances^ at both of 
 'vhich they're very dextrous. 
 
 SCangua^t.] The Sdavonian Language (being of a vaft Extent^ 
 i$ Bs'd not only in aH thefe Provinces, tho' with fome Variation of 
 Dialcft, but aUb in a great Part of Europe befides ; the pureft Dia- 
 led of which Tongue is generally efteem'd that peculiar to Dalmatia, 
 As for the Turhijh (which is originally Sdavonian^ and now the 
 prevailing Language of thefe Provinces j Pater Nofler in the fame 
 tons thus; Babamuz hanghe ffuiglejfsrt • Chudttfs oljfum ffenungh adun; 
 Gelftn ffenungmenilechetun,Olfum ffenung ijleguncj ny ejfe gugthaule gyrde^ 
 echame gumozi hergumn vera h'lze hegun^ hem hajfa blze bo jlygomoziy 
 myefe hizde bafiaruz borfetiglero mojiy hem yedma bize ge he/ieme, de 
 diurtule hizyjaramazdan. Amen, 
 
 <5otiefnmEnt.] Thefe various Countries confidcr'd snder the Title 
 of Dannbian Provinces, do acknowledge SubjeSion to feverai Sove- 
 reigns, particularly as followeth ; 'Tranfilvania is fubjeft to its own 
 Prince or W^ytvode, formerly Tributary to the Turks, but now un- 
 der the Proteaion of the Emperor lince the Year idpo. Valachia 
 being fubjeQ: to its Waywode (fometimes ftil'd Hofpodar, fignifying 
 Chief General of the Militia) is Tributary to the "iVrfc. Moldavia 
 isfubjeft to its Waywode, who is under the Proteclion of the Em- 
 peror Cincc Anno 1688. Romania, Bulgaria, and Servia, are wholly 
 under the Turk, and govern'd by their refpeftive BegUerbegs. Scla- 
 vonic and Bofnia do own the Emperor. And, laftly, Dalmatia, is 
 partly under the Venetians^ and partly under the Turk. To the Go- 
 vernment of thefe Provinces we may fubjoin the Repuhlick oi Rngufi, 
 ■whofe Inhabitants are fo afraid of lofing their Rights and Liberty, 
 that every Month they change their Retlor or fapreme Magiitrate, 
 and every Night the Governor of their Caftle, who entereth into his 
 Command blind-folded ; and all Military Officers whatfoever, are 
 not to keep the fame Pofts above fix Weeks, left, if long continu'd, 
 they fhould cither gradually, or trcacheroufly, bereave 'em of their 
 Privileges, or make the Rcpublick it felf a Prey either to the Turks 
 or Venetians, whom they equally dread ; however, it payeth Tri- 
 bute to both of 'em at prefent, as alfo a certain Acknowledgment 
 to the Emperor, his Catholick Majefty, and the Pope, by virtue of a 
 mutual Compaft ratified between 'em. 
 
 ^cm.?.] The Grand Seignior as fuprcme Sovereign over all the 
 Twkip Dominions, and abfolutc Lmperor of the Ottoman Empire, 
 beari Verte, a Crefcent Argent, creftcd with a Turbant, charg'd with 
 
 three 
 
Part II. Turley in Europe. ^^ 
 
 three black Plumes of Herons Quills, v/ith this Motto, mmm 
 Meat Orbem. As for the ancient Arms of the Eafiern Emperors be. 
 fore the rife of the 0«.w^« Family, they >vere, Mars zaokSd 
 betv/ixt four Greek Beta\ of the fecond : The four B.^^ s %nifyj«g 
 B^cr/A^uf B^^/aW, JiMiKi^icovy BdffiKivfft, i.e. Regum, Reg- 
 nanSy Regihui- 
 
 fSelinion.l The Inhabitants of thefe different Provinces, are verf 
 different in Point of Religion, but reducible to three Claffes. 
 Chrifiiam, Jetvs, and Mahometans. The Chnpans, for the greateH 
 part, adhere tothe Tenets oftheGr^efc Church (already mentioned* 
 i 2 ) fome to the Church of Rome, and others profefs the Reform d 
 Religion both according to the Doftrine Luther znd Calviti. 
 Thfyewsi^s in all other Countries) are zealous Maintainers of 
 theW^H'Law; and the Mahometans flick clofe to thexr 
 ran- by v/hicU they are taught the Acknowledgment of One GoJ, 
 and 'that Mahomet is his Great Prophet. It alfo commandeth Chil- 
 dren to/be Obedient to their Parents, and approveth of Love to 
 our Neighbour. It enjoins Abftinence from Swines Flejh 
 and fuch Animals as die of themfelves. It promifeth to 
 men (or true Believers) all manner of fenfual Pleafures m a future 
 State It allows of an unavoidable Fatality in every Thing, ztA 
 favours the Opinion of Tutelar Angels. But to be more parti- 
 cular The Followers of Mahomet d-o readily grant, 1 hat the 
 Writincs both of the Prophets and Apoflles were divinely infpird, 
 but alled'-e, that they're fo corrupted by Jews and Chripans, that 
 ^hey can^^^^^ Rule of Faith. They tarther be- 
 
 lieve and affett, That of all Reveal'd Inflitutions in the World, 
 hofe in the are only Divine and Perfeft. That God is both 
 
 Fffentially, and Perfonally One; and that the Son of Go<i was a 
 mere Creature, yet without Sin, and miraculoufly born of a Vir- 
 gin. That Jefus Chnfi was a great Prophet, and chat having end- 
 Id his Prophetical Office upon Earth, he acquainted his Followe« 
 of the coming of Mahomet. That Chrifi afcended into Heaven with- 
 out fuffeting Death, another being fubftitnted in his Place to die. 
 That Man if not juftifled by Faith in Chrift, but by Works enjoin- 
 ed in the W^'^fc Law and the Alcovan. That Polygamy faccord- 
 ine to the Example of the ancient Patriarchs) is ftiU to be al- 
 low'd of as alfo to divorce the Wife upon any Occafion. In fhort, 
 Uahomeian^m is a Medly of P^^««//«, and Qhnpamtr,^! 
 
 whit:h Means, the grand Impoftor ('its Founderj did cunningly 
 Trnagine to gain Profelytes of all Profelfions. But whereas the ^Z- 
 cor an is the imhh Rule of Faith and Manners, let us more particu- 
 larly confider its Precepts, and that chiefly as they relate to the 
 Principal Heads thereof, viz.. Circumajton, ¥afung, Fr.^jer, Alms^ 
 
190 Turkey in Europe, part 11. 
 
 Tilgrimage^ and Abfilnence fromWim. ( i .) Circumdjlon ; of the various 
 Sacraments in the OWand Neiv 'iefiamenty they admit only of Cir- 
 cumcifion. This they reckon abfolutely neceffary to every Mujful- 
 man, efteeming it impoffible to obtain Salvation without it ; where- 
 upon they are very careful to perform the fame, and do celebrate 
 the Performance thereof -with great Solemnity. (2.) F^y?iw^, parti- 
 cularly that extraordinary Faft, or yearly Lent, czWd Ramada??, ob- 
 ferv'd every 9th Month, and of a whole Month's Continuance 5 du- 
 ring which time.they neither Eat nor Drink 'till the Sun goes down ; 
 they alfo abftain from all worldly Bufinefs, and from fmoaking their 
 beloved Tobacco, yea, even from innocent Recreations, and living 
 referv'd auftere Lives, do fpend moft of the time in their Mo/ques, 
 freqtienting 'em both Day and Night. They believe that during 
 this Month, the Gates of Heaven ftand open, and that thofe of Hell 
 arclhiit. (:;.) Prayer: This Duty is of mighty Requeft among them, 
 their Prophet having term'd the fame the X'ey 0/ Paradife^ and the 
 very Pillar of Religion, whereupon they are frequent and fervent 
 at their Devotions. They're oblig'd to pray five times every Day, 
 and never fail of that Number, let their worldly Bufinefs be never 
 fo urgent. (^.) Jims, Every "Turk is bound to contribute the hun- 
 dredth part of his Wealth towards the Zagat or Alms^ for Mainte- 
 nance of the Poor. Befides which, they frequently make large vo- 
 iuntary Contributions ; yea, their Charity doth not only extend it 
 felf towards their Fellow-Rational Creatures, but even the Irratio- 
 nal, as Dogs, Horfes, Camels, &c. whom they carefully maintain in 
 a kind of publick Hofpitals, when thro' Age they become ufelefs to 
 their Mailers. (5.) Pilgrimage^ viz. That to Mecca^ which every 
 Mujffulman is bound to perform once in his Life-time, or, at leaft, to 
 fend Deputies for him. Thither they refort in vaft Multitudes, be- 
 5ng commonly 40 or 50000 in Number, over whom the Sultan ap- 
 points a Commander in Chief to redrefs Diforders that may hap- 
 pen on the Road. This Officer is follow'd by a Camel carrying the 
 Alcoran cover'd with Cloth of Gold, which fanftified Animal upon 
 his return, is adorn'd with Garlands of Flowers, and exempt from 
 any further Labour during the remaining part of its Life. The 'Turks 
 do likewife vifit the City of y5»"/ir/k/t»7, but that more out of Curio- 
 lity than Devotion. They have alfo a great Veneration for the 
 Valley oijehofophat^ believing it fhall be the particular Place of the 
 General Judgment. Laflly, Jbjlinence from Wine is likewife a Pre- 
 cept of the Alcoran. But of this they are lefs obfervant than of any 
 of the former, for many of the richcft fort of 'Turks are great Ad- 
 mirers of the Juice of the Grape, and will liberally tafte ot the fame 
 in their private Cabals, Thefe various Provinces were at firft in- 
 ftrufted in the Chriftian Faith at different timesj and upon diffe- 
 rent Occafions. 
 
 SECT, 
 
Part II. J 91 
 
 SECT. IX. 
 Concerning the Ctttopeatt lllanW. 
 
 HAV I N G hitherto tfavcUM through the various Countries oa 
 the Continent of Europe, let us now leave the Continent, and 
 fet fail for its IJIands. And whereas the Chief of fuch Iflands, are 
 thofe term'd the Britannick ; let us firft take a particular Sur^^ey of 
 them, and then a more general View of all the reft. Therefore, 
 
 I. Of the 'Britannick IJIands, 
 
 THESE Iflands being always confider*d as divided into Greater 
 [viz.. thofe of Great Britain and Ireland^ and Lejfer (namely 
 thofe many little Ones furrounding Britain^ I fhall begin with the 
 former, comprehending in them three diftin£t Kingdoms, and one 
 Principality. And fince our manner of Travelling through the va- 
 rious Countries on the Continent of Europe, hath been ftill to proceed 
 from North to South, I fhall therefore continue the aforefaid Method 
 in Surveying the Ifle of Great Britain^ having no other Regard to 
 the Two Grand Sovereignties therein, than the bare Situation of 
 them : Begin we therefore with the Northern Part of the Ifland, 
 viz. 
 
 S C OTz 
 
192 
 
 European JJlands. part II. 
 
 SCOTLAND. 
 
 d. 
 
 m. 
 
 ^between J °J of Long, 
 
 |2between^55 ^^^of Latit. S « 
 
 Length from N. to S. is 
 
 about 240 Miles. 
 Breadth from E. to "W. is 
 about 180 Miles. 
 
 Being divided into two S Frith 7 H 5 ^^enhmgh^ 
 
 Clafles, viz. c North^ the Frith 5 U C Aberdeen. 
 
 E 
 
 o 
 
 /'Galloway-——. • 
 
 Nithifd/tle — • — 
 
 Annndale — 
 
 Ejhdale with Rufdale- 
 
 Lidifdale — — 
 
 'tiviotdale — — 
 
 The Mers 
 
 Lauderdale 
 
 'Tiueedale -^-^^^ 
 
 Clydifdale- 
 
 Kyle — — - 
 
 Carrick ■ ' — 
 
 Lothian —• — 
 
 Sterling- 
 
 Renfrew — — — — — 
 Cunningham 
 
 Ifles of^f^4 
 
 \Teninfula of Cantyre- 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 51 
 
 'Fife ^ 
 
 Menteith — * 
 
 Lennox — -.— —«•— 
 ArgiU"^ — — ' — r- •— 
 Perth — — — 
 
 Strath em — 
 Broad- Alhain 
 
 Lorn — ■ — 
 
 Merns———^ 
 
 Angus — 
 
 Gaury 
 
 l^Athol ' 
 
 f Kirkudbright — ->. 
 
 Dumfreis / 
 
 Annand v. 
 
 Hermitage ^ 
 
 j^edburgh ■ 
 
 Duns- — 
 
 Lauder 
 
 PeebUs 
 
 Glafcow 
 
 Aire — — — 
 
 W. to 
 
 E. to W. 
 
 Burgenney ■ 
 
 Edenburgh — 
 
 Idem 
 
 Idem — - 
 
 [win — — ■ 
 
 Rothefay — ~— 
 
 Kllzeran -»— - 
 
 St. Andrews-—^ 
 
 Bumblain • ~ 
 
 Dumbarton 
 
 Innerard — 
 
 Idem 
 
 Abernethy 
 
 E. to W." 
 
 to W. 
 
 Dunjiafag 
 Bervey 
 Dundee 
 
 t Blair 
 
'Orcades Inf. 
 
 ANewMap of 
 SCOTLAND 
 
 51 
 
Back of 
 Foldout 
 Not Imaged 
 
part II: European Ifiandsi ipi 
 
 G 
 
 1) 
 Cl, 
 
 e 
 
 o 
 
 Mar 
 Badenoch——-" 
 Lochahar • 
 
 Buchan — «— 
 
 Bamfe 
 
 E. to W. 
 
 ^ Murray 
 " Rofs- 
 
 Sutheriand— 
 ^ I Strathnawr 
 ^ [Caithnefs • 
 
 Aherdeen 
 Riven 
 Innerhchy 
 Peterhead 
 Idem 
 Elgin- 
 
 Dornock 
 Strathy 
 
 \}Vkky lying N. E. of Strathm^ 
 
 Thefe are the various Divifions of Scotland, according to the beft 
 Maps, and the manner how they are found. But fince thw Kingdom 
 is ordinarily divided into Sheriffdoms, Stewarties, Bailiaries, atjd 
 one Conftabulary, we £haH affo coniidcr it in that Refpeft ^ and 
 feeing each of thofe Sheriffdoms and Stewarties, &=c. comprehend 
 either a part, or one, or more of the aforefaid Divifions, we fhall 
 here fubjoin all the Sheriffiioms and Stewarties, Sy-c. of the whole 
 Kingdom, and annex to each of theia their whole Cjontent, wfeethc* 
 more or lefs. Thetefore, 
 
 C Edinburgh 
 Barwick 
 
 ¥eeblis ■■ 
 
 Shelkirk — 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 .13 
 
 to 
 
 O 
 v> 
 
 B 
 
 o 
 
 Wlgton — 
 
 : Renfrew^ — 
 
 Lanerick 
 
 Dumbritton- 
 
 Bute 
 
 StriielitJg — — 
 *{ Linlithgonv . ^ 
 Cinckmannan- 
 
 Kinrofs 
 
 Couper — • -— «~ 
 I Forfar — 
 
 (Kinkardin 
 Elgin 
 Nairn 
 
 Ifeik " 
 
 Orkney — — *. 
 
 •'] {Middk Loihian. 
 
 The Mers and Bailiary of Lauderdale,, 
 'T'weedah. 
 
 The Foreft of Ettorich 
 The N. and "W. Part« of Gallcwtry, 
 The Barony of RenfreiVi 
 Clydifdale. 
 
 G c Arran. 
 
 Strivelingy on both fides the River Forth, 
 2 ^ fVeji Lothian. 
 
 A little of the E. parts of Strivelingjhfrei 
 A little of the W. parts of Fife, 
 The reft of Fife. 
 Angusy with its Pertinents. 
 Merns. * 
 The Eaftern parts 1 ^ , . 
 me.^^*m parts j^^^''^'"^^' 
 Caithne/s. 
 
194 
 
 «32 
 o 
 
 ft) 
 
 ax 
 
 n 
 
 ■ mart, 
 Aberdeen containing S Buchan. 
 
 \,Strathbogie, 
 
 European JJlands, 
 
 Cjldavr, with its Pertinents. 
 
 Part IL 
 
 Ferth containing 
 
 Imerara containing 
 
 Terth . 
 
 Athol 
 
 fGaivry 
 
 iBroad-Albin - 
 ' Menteith — - 
 
 Strathyern — 
 
 Argile, 
 Lorn. 
 , Kantire* 
 
 Ghnjljee. 
 
 Strathandet. 
 
 Ramach. 
 
 Balhider. 
 
 Glenurqhay, 
 
 Stormemt, 
 
 IflesW, 
 
 Lorn, 
 antirt. 
 
 O 
 
 v> 
 
 B 
 
 o 
 
 iStrathdovernt 
 Bamfe containing JBoyn. 
 
 Strathawin* 
 Balveny, 
 
 ^^Badenoch. 
 jLochabyr. 
 
 Invernefs containing S The South Part of Rofs, 
 
 Ca Part oi Murray beyond Nairn j Weflw. 
 
 Tayne containing 
 
 Roxlurglf containing 
 
 y Southerland. 
 IStrathnaver. 
 
 ' 'Tivioidale, 
 ' Lidlfdale, 
 
 [EJhdale \i\t\i Bufdah, 
 
 Aire containing 
 
 ^ Carrick, 
 ^Cunningham* 
 
 [(Cromarty Jcontainmg^ ^ j-^^j^ ^^^^^ of C«w;rrf> 
 
 BefitJds 
 
part II. European IJlands. 195 
 
 \ Stewarties. 
 Befides thefe Sheriffdoms, there are C Bailiaries. 
 
 I one Conftabulary. 
 
 fStrathern — —"J ^ rStraihern, 
 
 IMentehh — C 2 jMenteith. 
 Annandah ^ Annandale. 
 
 Stewarties zie'^ Kirkudbright — ) <J Ce. and S. Parts of (?4%K>/iy, 
 
 Kyfe. 
 
 Bailia,i« are ^^r;-:,— >S«^S::^'>.«. 
 
 ^Lauderdale, 
 
 The one Coaftftbujary i$ that of ^f/»</<//»^i?;;,''containing Eafi" 
 Lothian, 
 
196 
 
 M^i^hn Inlands, 
 
 Part II, 
 
 ^gtl1g,]^C£)///i!?7if [tl^'e , "famous :ivxh.?\-x Caledonia \ and bounded on 
 ^ ilie Eafi by part of the German Oz^'^va , on the Weft 
 and North by the Enup Se;j ; and on the South by E/ifrland] is 
 termed by the Italinns, Scotia/; by the Spr.niards, Ef otia ; by the 
 French, Efcojfe ; by the. Germans, 'S,:otl.iyid \ by the Evdijh, and its 
 own Natives, ScotLmd \ fo calfed, as feme for.diy imagine, from Scota, 
 (Daughter to an Egyptian I'h-ryr.ol) but more probably from Scotiy^ 
 Schytti, or Scythr, a 'r.fopje of Germ -^ny (over the Northern Parts ot 
 which the Name pf Scyt'hia djd once prevail) who feizcd on a part 
 Spain, next to /reArV/;/, an"d from thence came into the Weltern 
 Parts of this Country. 
 
 ^ir.] The.^/r of this Country is 'generally very pure, and fo ex- 
 traordinary wholfome "to Ibrea'fhe 'that fev'eral Peribns in the 
 Northmoft Parts of that fe'gdom do 'frequently arrive to greater 
 Ages than is ufual in other Nations of E^n-o/e. The oppofite Place 
 of the Globe to ScviJand, is that part of the Pacifick Ocean, be- 
 tween ipoanc^ I () 6 Degrees of Longitude, with 5^ and 60 Decrees 
 of South Latitude. 
 
 ^Dil.] Notwithflanding this Country is of a Situation confidera- 
 blv Northern fit lying in the nth, 12th, and beginning of the 13th 
 North Climate) yet it pioduceth all Neceifaries, and many of the 
 Comforts of Human Liie. Its Seas are wonderfully ftor'd with 
 moft Kinds of excellent Fifh ; its Rivers do mightily abound with 
 the choiceft of Sahtions; its Plains do fuificicntly produce moft 
 Kinds of Grain, Herbs ar.d Fruits i and many of its Mountains are 
 not only lin'd widv valuable Mines, and .the b eft of Coals, but alio 
 feverai of them are fo cover'd over vvuh numcr^-us Flocks, that great 
 Droves of Cattle do yearly pafs into the No-th of England. The. 
 lonc^cft Day in the North-moft Part of this Country is about eighteen 
 Hours and a half, the ihorteft in the South-moft iix Hours and a 
 half; and the Nights proporcionably. 
 
 CcmmCtiitiC!^.] The chk-f Commodltks of this Country are, moft 
 forts of Filh in "great Abundance, much Linnen-Cloth and Tallow, 
 vaft Numbers of Cattle and Hides; as alfo excellent Honey, Lead, 
 Oar, Iron, Train Oil, Coarfe Cloths, Friz.es, &c. 
 
 . Baritie^.] In Clydfdak are yet to be feen, for feverai Miles, the 
 Kemains -of a large Roman Caiif-jMyf ot Military-way, which com- 
 tr.only goes now by the Name of Watli-ng-fiveet. And in Tiviotdah 
 are fome Vefiigia of Roman Encampments, and another Military - 
 ■^ay, vulgarly" term'd the Ragged Ccaifvjay. (z.J In the Stew> 
 
Part II. European IJlands, 197 
 
 zxiy oi Stratherrty are vifible TraEl.s of feveial Rom nn Camps, efpc- 
 cially that at A}-tioch. ('^.) In SterHn,of,nre are di-ers -P^/larks of i^ie 
 fame Roman Wall (now commonly call'd Graham's Dyke) whicfi was 
 exfended over the l(lhmus, between the Rivers of .Forth and Cljfiie : 
 Its Form, and Manner of Building, will beft appear by a Draught 
 thereof; for which, Vid. Camhdens Briianfj'ia, late Edition, £.'9 ^9. 
 (/\..) In SteyJincrpire were likewife found fome Infcriptions' upon 
 I Stones relating to the Roman Wall ; particularly Two ; one wheie- 
 j of is now atCalder, and informs us, that the Legio fecunda Auirufia^ 
 I built the faid Wall upwards of three Miles; and another in the 
 I Harl Marjbal's Houfe at Dunmtyr, which hints that a Party of the 
 Le^io vicefima vlHrix, continud it for three Miles more. As for 
 the Infcriptions themfelves, Vid. C<7ctW. p. 920, and iroi. (5.) 
 Hard by the TraQ: of the aforefaid Wall in SteYlingJlAfey are yet to 
 be feen two pretty Mounts, term'd by the Ancients, Duni ■pads; as 
 alfo the Remains of an ahcient Building in foi'm of a Pyramid (now 
 call'd by the Vulgar Arthurs Oven) which many reckon to have been 
 a Temple of the God Teyminus. ( 6.) Near Paipy an4 Renfrew are 
 the Vefiigia of a large Roman Camp; the Foffes and Dykes about 
 the Pr<ctoyium being ftill vifible. Here is alfo to be feen a remari:7 
 able Spring which regularly ebbs and flows with the Sea. ( j.) Nigh 
 to the City of Edinburgh is a noted Spring, commonly cajl'd the 
 Ody-Well. The Surface of its Waters being cover'd with a kind of 
 OyJ or Bitumen, which is frequently us'd, with good Succefs, in 
 curing Scabs, and Pains proceeding from Cold. (%.) Near the fame 
 City IS another Fountain, which goes by the Name of the Ro'UJting- 
 Well, becaufe it ufually makes a Noife before a Storm. (9.) Neat 
 Brechin in Angus, where the Lanes receiv'd a mighty Overthrow^ 
 ' is a high Stone, erefted over their General's Grave, called Camui- 
 : Crofs ; with another about ten Miles diftance, both of them having 
 antique Letters and Figures upon 'em. (10.3 At Slains in Aber^ 
 ileenjhn-e, is a remarkable petrefying Cave, commonly cnll'd the 
 Dropping- Cave, where Water ouzing rhro' a fpungy porous Rock on 
 the Top, doth quickly confolidate after it falls in Drops to the 
 Bortom. (ii.J Near .^i?iTq/j in Murray, is to be feen an Obelisk 
 one Stone, fet up as a Monument of a Fight between King A4al- 
 colm, Son of Keneth, and Sueno the D/rw^. (u.; On the Lord Lo- - 
 v^^fs Lands in Straherrich, is a Lake which never freez.eth all over 
 before the Month of February ■ but after that Time, one Night s 
 Froft will do it. There's alfo another, call'd lough- Monar (he- 
 jonging to the late Sir George Macker^zy) juft of the fame Nature 
 |wuh the former, and a third at Glencaniirh in Strathglaj^iy which ne- 
 jver wants Ice upon the middle Part of it, even in the hotteft Day 
 p'cSumraeY. (15.) Towards the North weft part of Muyray, is the 
 famous Lgugh-Nefs, which never freezeth ; but retaineth its natural 
 
 P J Hear^ 
 
J g8 European IJlands. P^rt II. 
 
 Heat, even in the cxtreameft Cold of Winter ; and in many Place$ 
 this Lake hath been founded with a Line of 500 Fathoms, but 
 no Bottom found. (14.) Nigh to Longh-Nefs is a large round 
 Mountain (cali'd Meal-fuor vouny) about two Miles of perpendicu- 
 lar Height from the Surface of the Nefs ; upon the very Top of 
 -which Mountain is a Lake of cold frefh Water, often founded witt^ 
 Lines of many Fathoms, but never could they reax:h the Bot- 
 tom This Lake having no vifible Current runnings cither to it, 
 or from it, is equally full all Seafons of the Year ; and it never 
 freezeth. (15O Top of a Mountain in Rofs f cali'd Scurem- 
 
 Latpich) is a vaft heap of large white Stones, raoft of them clear 
 like Chryftal ; as: alfo great plenty of Oyfter-fhells, and Shells ot 
 other Sea Animals, yet twenty Miles from any Sea. {16.) In Le/t- 
 mx is Lough-Lomond, which is eyery whit as famous among the vul- 
 gar, not only for its floating Ifland, but alfo as having Filh witho-.at 
 linns, and being frequently tempeftuous in a Calm, (n.) In di- 
 vers Parts of Scotland arc fome noted Mineral Springs, particularly 
 thofe at Kinghorn and Balgrigy in Fife j as alfo Aberdeen and Vete^- 
 lead in Aberdeenshire ; feveral of which come little lliort of the 
 Famous Spaiv-Water in the Bilhoprick of Leige. ( In molt 
 Counties of this Kingdom, are many circular Stone-Monuments, 
 Cbeing a Company of prodigious long Stones fet on end in the 
 Ground, and that commonly in form of a Circle; which are pro- 
 bably conieftured to have been either Funeral Monuments, or Pla- 
 ces of Publick Worihip, in Times of the antient Brmdes, or bofh.1 
 Lafth, South- Weft of 5«;iww« f one of xhtOrcades) are two dread-l 
 ful Whirl-pools in the Sea, commonly term'd the mils Sma. 
 -with anotlber between Tla and Jura (two of the Weftern IflandsJ 
 during the firft three Hours of Flood ; all of eni are very tern- 
 hie to Palfengers, and probably occafion d by fome fubterranea? 
 Hiatus, 
 
 2Crcp,il'l)Op?iCli^.3 Archb'tpoprkh in this Kingdom are Two, 
 thofe of 
 
 St. Andrews, Glafcoiv. 
 
 m^m^^'^^'] Bijhoprlcks in this Kingdom are Twelve, ^ 
 thofe of 
 
 Edinburgh, JMurrafy Rofs, QalJoivay, 
 
 Dunlield, Brichen, Cathnefs, Argile, 
 
 Aberdeen, -putpblain, Qrhney^ Ijles. 
 
Part 11. 
 
 Euro[ean Ijlafids^ 
 
 199 
 
 iSniUerilt-ie.^.] Unherjities of this Kingdom arc Four, tk, thofe of 
 
 " H^anncriS.] The Scots (fot the moft part) are an Aftive, Prudent 
 and Religious fort of People. Many abominable Vices, too com- 
 mon in other Countries, are not fo much as fpeculatively known 
 among 'em. They generally abhor all kinds of Excefs in Drinking, 
 and effeminate Delicacy in Diet, chafing rather to improve the 
 Mind, than pamper the Body. Many of *em make as great Advan- 
 ces in all parts of ingenious and folid Lears^, as any Nation in 
 Europe. And as for their fingular Fidelity (^jo' ilanderoufly fpo- 
 ken of by fome) 'tis abundantly well known, and experienced 
 abroad; for an undoubted Demonftrafion thereof is publickly given 
 to the whole World, in that a neighbouring Prince, and his Prede- 
 ceirors (for almoft 500 Years) did commit the immediate Care of 
 their Royal Perfons to them, without ever having the lea|l Caufe to 
 repent, or real Ground to change, 
 
 ILanfiUage.] The Language comtponly fpoken in the North and 
 North-Weft of this Country, is a Diaka of the Inp^ corruptly call'd 
 Erfe (a Specimen of which fhall be given when we come to Ireland.) 
 In all other Parts of the Kingdom they ufe ih^EngUp Tongue^ but 
 that with confiderable Difference of Pronunciation in different 
 Counties, and all difagreeing with that in England; except the 
 Town oilnvernefsy whofe Inhabitants are the only People who come 
 neareft to the true EngHjh^ however the Gentry and Perfons of good 
 Education, ufually.(peak EngUJh (tho' not wifh the fame Accent as 
 in England). V^' according to its true Propriety, and their man- 
 ner of Writing is much the fame. The vulgar Langqage J'com- 
 ti\on\y czW'^ Broad Scotch) is indeed a very corrupt fort o( Englifjt 
 and hath a great Tinfture of feveral foreign Tongues, particularly 
 the High-German, LowDutchy and French, efpecially the laft, a great 
 many Words ftill in Ufe ainong the Commonalty, being originally 
 from that Language. For ^ Specimen of which Tongue, Pater No- 
 fier in it runs thus: TJre Fader ivhilk art in Hepen ; hallued hethyNemei 
 thy Kingdoom cumm, thy Wull be daon in Earth az its doon in Heven. 
 Gee ufs this day ure dally Breedy andforgee ufs ure SinnSy az ive forgee 
 them that finn againft ufs \ and leqd ufs nat intog. temptation, batt dely- 
 ver ufsfrae evil. Ameen, 
 
 OSobermnent] This Kingdom hath hitherto had the good For- 
 
 St. Andre'U^Sf 
 Aberdeen^ 
 
 Edinburgh^ 
 Glafcoiv. 
 
$00 
 
 European Iflands. Part IL 
 
 immediate Heir, or next in Blood, hath been fee afide, and ano- 
 ther more remote hath mounted the Throne. Since its Union with 
 England, both Kingdoms are under one King, who is ftiled the Mo' 
 narch of Great Britain. The Government of this Kingdom is chiefly 
 managed by a Council of State, or Privy Council, confiftrng of 
 thofe called properly Officers of State, and others of the Nobility and 
 Gentry, whom the King pleafeth to appoint. The Officers of State 
 are eight in number, mz- the Lord High Chancellor, Lord High 
 Treafurer, Lord Prefident of the Council, Lord Secretary of State, 
 Lord Treafurer-Deputy, Lord Regifter, Lord Advocate, and Lord 
 Juftice Clerk. The Adminiftration of Juftice in Civil Affairs, is 
 Jodg'd in the Lords of the Seffion, who are 15 in Number, whereof 
 One is Prefident, qjid to thefe are join'd fome Noblemen, under the 
 Name of extraordinary Lords of the Sejfton. This Court is efteem'd 
 one of the ftioft Auguft and Learned Judicatories in Europe ; From 
 it there lies no Appeal but to the Parliament, which is new made 
 up of the Peefs, the Commiflioners of Counties, and thofe of 
 Free Boroughs. The King's Perfon is always reprefented in Par- 
 liament by ibme Nobleman, who bears the Title of Lord Jiigb 
 CommiffiotJer. The Diftribution of Juftice in Criminal Matters is 
 committed to the Court of Juftice, which is compofcd of the Lord 
 Juftice General, the Lord Juftice Clerk, and five or lix other Lords 
 of the Seflion, who in this Bench are call'd Commiffioaers of Judi- 
 catory. Over and above thefe two Supreme Courts of Juftice, there 
 are a great many fubordinate Judicatories, both for Civil and Cri* 
 mi^al Affairs thro' the Kingdom, as Sheriff-Courts, Courts of Le- 
 gality, and the like. 
 
 ^rm.^.] The Royal Arms of this Kingdom, together with thofe 
 of England and Ireland (as they compofe the Enfigiis Armorial of 
 jjie Monarch of Great Britain^ fball be particularly exprefs'd when 
 •^e come to England, 
 
 ^tfigion.] The Inhabitants of this Country (excepting a few, 
 who ftill adhere to the Church of Rome, and an inconfiderable 
 Number of Quakers j are all of the Reform'd Religion, yet with 
 confiderable Variation among themfelves in fome private Opini- 
 ons, and various Points of Church Difcipline: However, the nu- 
 pierous ProfcfTors thereof are very fincere in their Principles, and 
 do generally praftife conformable to their Profeffions. No Cbri- 
 iflian Society in the World excels them for their exaft Obfervation 
 of the Sabbath-day j and few can equal them, for their fingular 
 Striftnefs and Impartiality, in punifhing Scandals : But lamenta- 
 ble are their Dilftraftions of late, in Matters relacing to EcCkfiafii- 
 ffil loltty ; and hoyt fatal fuch Heats and Pivifions, heth in thisj 
 
Fart II. European Jflands, ^oi 
 
 and the neighbouring Kingdom, may' prove at laft, is, alas! but too 
 ■well known to all thinking Perfons aimong us. The fmalleft Priva- 
 teer belonging either to Brefh^ or St. Mahsy may eafily Attack, 
 Board, and Sink, the Royal Bntannia her feif, if fhe chance only to 
 fjjiing a Leak under Water, when her whole Crew are at Blo3^rs be- 
 tween Decks. The Chriftian Faith (according to the beft AGcpuflts) 
 was planted in this Country, during the Reign Diode an ; for by 
 Realbn of that violent Perfecution he xaifed in the Church, niany 
 Chriftians are faid to have fled from the Condnent into the Ifle of 
 Great Britain-^ and particularly (as an ancient Author exprefly tefti- 
 fieth ) into that Part thereof. In qtiam Eomctna. 4rma nunquam pene^' 
 trarunf-i which (without all doubtj is ScotUind \ efpecigjly the 
 Northern Pans of that Country, they being ftill poflefs'd by the 
 ScotSf and never fubjeft to the Roman Power. St. Rule, or Reguhsy 
 is faid to have brought over with him the Arm, or (as fome affirm) 
 the Leg of St. Andre'w the Apoftle, and to have buried it in the Place 
 where now the City of St. Andrews ftands. Thefe firft Propagators 
 of Chriftianity feem to have been a kin4 of Monks, who afterwards* 
 by the Beseficence of the firft Chriftian fCi"gs of Scotland, came into 
 the Seats and Pofleflions of the Pngan Dmides (a fort of Religious V03 
 taries to the Heathen Gods) and had dieir principal RefidencCi or 
 rather Monafteries, in the Iflands of Mdn and Jona^ and paffed un- 
 der the Name of Culdees. 
 
 E N 
 
20? 
 
 European JJlands. 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Part 11. 
 
 Length fiom N. to S. is a- 
 
 bout 320 Miles. 
 Breadth from E. to W. is :i- 
 
 bout 25)0 Miles. 
 
 Being divided into 
 $ix Circuits, -yis;.' 
 
 Corntval' - 
 Devonjlj'ire 
 Dorfetjhlre 
 
 Wefiern Circuit ^ ^ 
 
 Oxford Circuit > | 
 
 \H.ome CircuitV^H 
 
 Norfolk Circuit^ ^ 
 
 Midland CircuitS"^ 
 
 T^oYtb Circuit -9 
 
 Salisbury. 
 
 Oxford. 
 fCanterbury, 
 \Norivich, 
 ^Lincoln. 
 
 Xork, 
 
 3. O 
 
 Hampjhire 
 
 Somerfetjhire — - 
 f^ilijljire — — 
 
 f BariJJjire •• " ■ 
 \ Oxfordpire 
 
 \GlouceJlerpire — 
 JMonmouthpire - 
 \HerefordJhire 
 
 IWorceflerp'tYe — 
 / Staffcrdjljire — ^ 
 KShropJljive 
 
 jf^L/tutJceJlon- 
 
 Exeter 
 
 Dorchejler « 
 Winchejler - 
 
 Brifiol '■ 
 
 Salisbury - 
 
 W. to E. 
 
 N. of Vorfetpii-e, 
 
 Reading N. of Hampjhire. 
 
 GlLceJler ✓"E. to W. 
 
 Monmouth — j 
 
 Hereford • 
 iVorceJier 
 Stafford- 
 
 's, to N. E 
 
 Hartfordpire — 
 Kent — " . ,.' 
 Surry-- ■ 
 
 Suffex - 
 
 .tr ^ Norfolk • " ■ ' 
 
 § g\5«/o/* 
 
 O "rt jCamhridgcpire'- 
 c ^HuptingtoTj[bire- 
 S JBedfordpire 
 
 Shrewsbury W. of Staffordpire, 
 
 ~ ^E. to W. 
 ■"~?E. to \V, 
 
 Colchefier 
 Hartford 
 
 Canterbury 
 Southwark 
 
 ai.^./.. South of|^;;f» 
 
 Norwich ^ 
 Jpfivich S " 
 Cambridge - 
 Huntington - 
 
 Bedford 
 
 ^Emkingham' 
 
 jE.toS.W. 
 
Back of 
 Foldout 
 Not Imaged 
 
Part ir. 
 
 EuYOfean Jjlands,. 
 
 505 
 
 m 
 
 r« «-• 2. 1 
 
 Lincoln "« ' 
 Nottingham 
 
 Derby 
 
 Okeham — ^ 
 
 Leicejler 
 
 fVar'wick'— 
 
 toW. 
 
 L'wcohjliiye —"^ 
 Nottinghampire - 
 
 Verhyjhire 
 
 Rutlandshire 
 
 t "^Leicejierjkire 
 
 ^ /^arivickjlnre—^ ^ , ^ _ 
 
 \JTorthapjptor?JJure [b^CNorihampton S. of ^ ^^y^^-i/J;,>e 
 
 . — >E. to W. 
 
 York ' 
 
 Idem — 
 
 NeivcaJlJe 
 Lancafier- 
 Appleby — 
 farl'ijle — 
 
 .% - Jorkplye 
 
 3 ^\D«rS<T?w — 
 
 0 "2 ') Northumberland- 
 ^ 'c'^Lancapire 
 
 1 (J ) WefimorUnd - — 
 ^ ^CumherUnd ^ 
 
 To S;^/^w^i we here fubjoin the Principality oFPf^/tf/, divided into 
 ' Fonr Ciicuiis; each Circuit comprehending Three Counties, ws. 
 
 I 
 
 S. to N. 
 
 S. to 
 
 I. Thofe of< 
 
 a. Thofe of< 
 
 3. Thofe of< 
 
 4 Thofe of< 
 
 ' Jjenbighjhire ' 
 FlifjtfJoire 
 
 \ Montgomery pire- 
 Arglefey 
 
 CarnarDonJlHre"-^ 
 \Merionethjhire 
 
 ■ Cardiga»pire 
 
 Carmarther/pire — 
 ^Pembrokepire ■ 
 
 Beaumaris — 
 Carnarvon 
 Harlech— 
 
 ■ Radnorpin — — 
 Brecknockpire— — - 
 'Glamorgappire — ) 
 
 f Denbigh \ 7 
 \St.Afaphji; VN. 
 Montgomery — 3 
 
 '^\Cardigan — 
 ^ I Carmarthen ■ 
 • Pembroke — ■ 
 
 \ Radnor - 
 \ Brecknock — 
 \Cardiff—^ 
 
 to S. E. 
 
 toS. 
 
 to S. W". 
 
 Befides the Six Circuits of England (containing thirty eight Coun- 
 ties) and thofe Four of IValeSy comprehending twelve i there remain 
 as yet two Counties unmention'd, and which are not ordinarily re- 
 duc'd to any of thefe Circuits, viz. Middlefex and Chepire \ the firft 
 bccaufe of its Vicinity to London^ and the other as being a County- 
 Palatine, having its own Judges and Counfellors peculiar to it fclr. 
 Thefe two Counties, with the thirty eight above- mention'd \nEng- 
 land, and twelve in Wales^ make fifty two in all. But fince England 
 and Wales are two diftinft Sovereignties (one being a Kingdom, and 
 the other a Principality) we fliall feparately treat of them both, 
 therefore, • 
 
204 European IJlands. Part IL 
 
 E N G L J N T>. 
 
 Hame.lp [the Ancient A?7gna, vjhich, with the reft of the 
 
 XZ/ Ifland, made up the reno^yn'd Britanma, or Aflnofz ; and 
 .now bounded on the Eaft by part of the German Ocean ; on the Weft 
 by St. George's Channel; on the North by Scotland ■ and on the South 
 by the Englijh Channel] is term'd by the Italians, In^hiltena ■ by the 
 Spaniards, Inglatierra ; by the French, Angleterre ; by the Germans, 
 Engelland; and by the Natives, England; which Name is deriv'd from 
 the Angles, ^ Vcq^Iq oi Lon'^r Saxony, who conqijer'd the greateft 
 part of this Country, and divided the fjme into feven different King- 
 doms, But Egbert fdefcended from tjie An7.les ) having united this 
 divided Nation, and being the firft lylonarch of En7tand, after the 
 Savon Heptarchy, order'd fby fpecial Edift, above 800 Years after 
 the Incarnation; that the whole Kicgdora fhould be term'd EngU- 
 hnd, which Title, in procelTs of Time, hath turn 'd into the prefent 
 Name of England. 
 
 The Air of this Country is far more Mild, Svv-eet and Tem- 
 perate, than in any part of the Continent under the fame Parallel. 
 The Cold during the Winter is not fo piercing, nor the Heat in the 
 5'«;wOTe>' fo fcorching, as fo recompend Cmuch lefs to inforcc) the 
 ufe of Stoves in the one, or Grotto's in the other. The oppofite Place 
 of the Globe to England, is that part of the Pacifick Ocean, between 
 200 and 210 Degrees of Longitude, with 50 and 5^ Degrees of 
 Sputh Latitude. 
 
 ^01^3 This Country Hying in the 9th, loth, and iith North 
 Climatej is generally fo fertile, and producet^i fuch Plenty of Grain, 
 Fruits, Roots, Herbs, 6^^. that the Excellency of its Soil is beft de- 
 clared by thofe tranfcendent Elogies defervedly beftov.-'d on her, 
 both by Ancient and Modern "Writers, who call England the Granary 
 of the Wejlern World, the Seat 0/ Ceres, Qfc. that her Vallies are like 
 Eden, her Hills like le^rfww, her Springs as Fiffrah, and her Rivers 
 as Jordan ; that ftie's a Faradife of Pleafure, and the Garden of God. 
 Thelongeft Day in the Northmoft Parts is about 17 Hours 4-, the 
 ^orteft in the Southmoft is almoft 8 Hours ; and the Nights pro- 
 portionahly, 
 
 ^Tommobitte^.] The chief Co'/imodities of this Country, are Corn, 
 Cattle, Tin, Copper, Lead, Iron, Timber, Coals, abundance of Wool, 
 CJoth, Stuffs, Linnen, Hides, Tallow, gutter, Cheefe, Beer, &c. 
 
P^i t II. European JJlands. 
 
 $!antiei?.] in mcft Counties of this Kingdom z/e ftill extant fome 
 noted Circular Stwe Monuments (like thofe in Sdotlhnd above-menti- 
 oned, p. 15)8.) particularly, the feventy feven Stones at Saleeds in Cum- 
 berland, commonly term'tl Long Meg and her Daughters; thofe call'd 
 RoU'vich Stones in Oxfordphe ; thofe near EhifJjam in Northumberland ; 
 rhofe upon the River Loder in Wefimorland ; thofe near Burrowhridge 
 in Torkjbire i thofe near Exmore in Devonjlnfe ; thofe at Stanton Drew 
 \n Sornerfetjlnre \ and finally, the Hurlers, and tho^e 3t Bi/caivwoun 
 inCornwal, &c. Bu'' moft obfervable of all is Stone-henge (the Chorea. 
 Gigantum. of the Ancients) on Salisbury Flain \ which Monuments are 
 thought by fome to confift of Natural Stones, by others of Stones 
 artificially compounded of pure Sand, Lime, Vitriol, and other un- 
 £tnous Matter, but if the Reader defire to fee the various Conjeftures 
 of the Ciirious, concei'ning the Nature and Defign of all fuch Monu- 
 ments, together with the Draught of Stone-henge in particular, let him 
 confult the late Edition of Cambden's Britannia^ p. 23, 95, 108, 269. 
 (2.) In many P^rts of England are yet to be feen the Vepgia, and 
 Remains of iiivers iRdman Military Ways ; the principal ot which is 
 that mention'd in Leland's MS. beginning at Dover, and pafling thjo' 
 Kent to London, from thence to St. Albans, Bunfiable, Stratford, I'oU' 
 cefier, LHtlebourn, St. Gilbert s Hill near Shrewsbury, then by Strattony 
 and fo thro' the middle Wales to Cardigan. (3.) In this Country 
 are abundance of Medicinal Waters ; whether for Bathing, as thoic 
 ei'pecially in Somerfeipi/e (call'd the Baths, Kttf i^^yJ'V) O'' 
 particiikriy thofe of the Spa-tvs in Torkfhire; "Tunbridge in Kent ; Ebi" 
 jham and Dullege in Surrey j Northall, ABon and IJlington in Middlefex'. 
 Here alfo are many other very temarlcable Springs ; whereof fome are 
 mightily impregnated either with Salt, as that 2^t t'urtwich in Wor- 
 ceflerjhire ; or Sulphur, as the famous Well at Wtggin in Lancajhire (of 
 which afterwards) or Bituminous Matter, as that at Titchford in Shrop- 
 jjjire. Other's have a Peirefying Quality, as particularly that near Lut- 
 terivdrth ih Leicejierfoire ; and the remarkable Dropping-Well in the 
 Wejl-Ridirig o( Mjhire. And finally, fome ebb and flow, but that 
 gerierally in ii very irregular manner, as thofe of Teak-Forefi in Der- 
 hypife, and Lay-<u;ell near Torbay, whofe Waters rife and fall feveral 
 Times in an Hour. To thefe we may add that remarkable Fountain 
 near Richard's Cafile in Berefordfhire, commonly call'd Bone^Wellt 
 •which is always full of fm'all Fifh or Frog-bones (ot fuch Refembferi- 
 ces) though frequently empty 'd and clear'd of them. ( 4.) Many are 
 thfe Rorna'n Altars which from time to time are dug up in this King- 
 dom, efpeciaUy the Northern Parts 'iheredf. As for their particular 
 3hapds, and remarkable Infcriptions, with the Places where now to 
 be fee'fv *?^> Cambden's late Edition, pag. 568, 570, 734, 78^, 78'3» 
 SK), 850J ?44, and frdm 848 to 852, inclufively. (j.j In feverai 
 
 Places 
 
2(56 European tjlands; Part IL 
 
 Places between Cnrlijle and Ne<ivcaJ}le, are fome Remains of the Fa- 
 ihous TiHi-Watt (fo much talk'd of by our Englijh Hiftorians) which 
 did run thro' Cumberland arid Northumberlandy beginning at I'lnmouth- 
 Bary and ending at Solw ay-Frith. ( 6.) Crofllng the tniddle oi Wdt- 
 (hire from Eaft to Weft, is a mighty Ditch, commonly terni'd Wanf- 
 Mke^ oxWodenfd'ke (fo call'd from the Saxon God Woden) and defign'd, 
 it feems, either as a Boundary to diftinguifh Territories, or as 
 Fence to guard againft a neighbouring Enemy. There are alfo in 
 Cambridge(l}ire plain Tra£l:s of thofe large Ditches^ thrown up by the 
 Ea(l-AngteSy to prevent the Incurfions of the Mercians^ who frequent- 
 ly ruin'd all before 'em. And nigh to the Town of Camhrldgey are 
 fome Vefilgia of two fpacious Camps, one Roman at Jrhorough (a Mile 
 North (}f Cambridge) and the other at Gogmagog Hills, on the other 
 fide of the Town, (7.) Near Wggin in Lavcajhire, is the remarkable 
 Well abovemention'd, which being empty'd, there prefently breaks 
 out a fulphurous Vapour, which makes the Water bubble up as if it 
 l>oird,and a Candle being put thereto,itinftantIy takes Fire and burns 
 like Brandy.During a Calm.the Flame will continue a whole Day,and 
 by its Heat they can boil Eggs, Meat, &c. and yet the Water it felf 
 is cold. {S.) In Whinfield Park in Wefimorland, is the T^hree-Brothet 
 -Jr^e, fo calfd, becaufe there were 3 of 'em ( the leaft whereof is this j 
 ■which a good way from the Root is 1 5 Yards and a half in Circum- 
 ference, (g.) At Brofely, Bently and Pitchford, with other Places ad- 
 jacent in Shroppirey is found over moft of the Coal-pits, a Stratum of 
 blackilh porous Stone, much impregnated with bituminous Matter ; 
 -which ^tone being pulverized and boil'd in Water, the bituminous 
 Subftance rifeth to the Top, and being gathered oft, it comes to the 
 Confiftency of Pitch, and is us'd for fuch with good Effeft. (lo.) In 
 Derbyfljire is the famous Peak, and fome hideous CavitieSy as thofe 
 cali'd Pool'&'Holey Elden-Ecle, and another which goes by the inde- 
 cent Name of the Devil' s-Arfe. In the firft of thefe is dropping Wa- 
 ter of a petrefying Nature ; and at a fmall Diftance from it, a little 
 clear Brook, remarkable for confifting of both hot and cold Water, 
 fo joyned in the fame Stream, that a Man may at once put the Fin- 
 der and Thumb of the fame Hand, one in hot, and the other in cold. 
 For a full and fafisfaaory Account of the Peaky and the many Won- 
 ders thereof, fee (befidesthe laft Edition of Cambden) fuch Authors 
 as have particularly treated on that Subjeft, efpecially Cottony and 
 Bobbs, with the laie Book of Dr. Leigh. (11.) Near Whitby, in the 
 North Riding of rorkjhire, are found certain Stones refembling the 
 Folds and Wreaths of a Serpent. And at Huntley-Nabb in the fame 
 Riding, are other Stones of fevcral Sizes, and fo exaftly round, as it 
 artificially made for Cannon-Balis, which being broken, do com- 
 monly contain divers ftony Serpents, wreathed in Circles, but gene- 
 rally withoi;t Heads, (iz.) Near 4^der!ey in Ghucejierjbire, and on 
 
Part II. European JJlandsl 207 
 
 the Tops of Mountains not far from Richmond, with feveral other 
 Parrs of Englandy are Stones refembling Cockles, Oyfters, and di- 
 vers other Water-Animals, which if once living Creatures, oi thela*' 
 dicrous Fancy of Nature, is not now my Bufinels to enquire, (i 5,) In 
 Mendippe'hills in Somerfet^hire, is a prodigious Cave^ call'd Ochy-bole, 
 which beingof a confiderable length, in it aredifcover'd fome Wells 
 and Rivulets. (14.) At Glajfenbury in Somerfetpirey are feveral anci- 
 ent Pyramids, mention'd by William of Malmshury, with imperfefik 
 Infcriptions ; but why, when, and by whom erefted, is meerly con- 
 jjeftural. ( 15.) In the Cathedral of Exeter^ is an Organ, which is 
 reckon'd the largeli of any in England, the greateft Pipe belonging 
 to it being 1 5 Inches Diameter, which is more by two than the cele- 
 brated Organ of JJlm. ( 1 6.) In Dover-CaJIle is an old ^able hung up» 
 which imports,that fultus C&fav landed upon that part of the Exglijb 
 Coaft. (17O Near to Feverpam in Kent, and 'lilbury in ajfex^ zte 
 vaft artificial Pits, fome of them narrow at the Top, but very large 
 within ; and thought to be divers of thofe out of which the ancient 
 Britaint commonly us'd to dig Chalk, to mix with their Grounds. 
 (18.) About Belvoiy-Cajlleia Lincolnjlire, and Shugbury in War'wici.- 
 jlire, is found the Afiroites, ox Star fione, refembling little Stars with 
 five Rays. (19.) In Sbroppire is that largeHill term'd Caer-Caradock, 
 famous in former times for being the Scene of that memorable Aftioti 
 between Oficrius the Roman, and Caratacus the Britain, whereof 
 C. 'Tacitus has given us a particular Account, (lo.) Near to the City 
 oiWinchefterJXS alfo in the North oiWeftmorland, is a round Entrench- 
 ment, with a plain Piece of Ground in the middle, commonly term- 
 ed Kin^ Arthurs round Table, and much talk'd of by the Vulgar; 
 but for their Original and Defign we need go no farther than thofe 
 Ages v.'hen Tilting was in vogue \n England. Laftly, in the County 
 of Surrey is the EngUfb Amas, or the River Mole, which lofeth it feif 
 under Ground, and arifeth again at fome confiderable Diftacce ; as 
 doth aKo Recall in the North Riding of ICoripire, Cambden, p. 155^ 
 and 754. To thefe Rarities above-mention'd, I might here add fome 
 (lupendotts Fabruks in this Kingdom, which may be fitly term'd Art^ 
 Majier-pieces ; but fo defcend to Particulars, would fwell this Para- 
 graph to a difproportionable Bignefs. 
 
 3Crcl[)&l(ljOp^iCft.^O dnUipopricks in this Kingdom are Two, 
 £hole of V 
 
 Canterbury and Tork. 
 
 The Arcbbifiiop of Canterbury hath the Precedency of Tork, and is 
 iiird Primate of all England, the other being alfo Primate of England, 
 hut not of all England, A Controverfy hotly debated between thefe 
 two Archiepifcopal Sees, bu; at laft derermin'd in favour of the 
 fotmw. 11303?=* 
 
2o8 
 
 Etirofean I/lands, Part 11= 
 
 SSiffjOp^lCKil^O Bipopricks in this Kingdom (including Wales) are 
 thofe of 
 
 London, 
 
 fVinchefiefy 
 Bath and Weihy 
 Oxfordy 
 Bangor f 
 Eochefiery 
 Ely, 
 
 Chichepr, 
 S-ilcsburVy 
 WcrcejtBYy 
 Ziincoln, 
 Sr. -Afa-pb, 
 St. Davids^ 
 
 Exetery 
 
 Chefiet, 
 
 Brlfiol, 
 
 Norwich, 
 
 GloMcsfier, 
 
 Eerefordy 
 
 Lttchfeld and Coventry^ 
 
 In Point of Place, after the two Archbifhops followeth the Bijhop 
 of London, next to him the Bjhoi) of Durham; '^dly, the Bipop of 
 Vfinchejlery and then ail the reit according to the Seniority of their 
 Confecration. 
 
 i3mtierfltiC^1.3 Unherfities of this Kingdom, are thofe famous Seats 
 of the Mufesy or two Eyes of Eyi^^layid, tcrm'd Oxford and Cambridge , 
 which for magnificent Buildings, rich Hndowmenrs, ample Privi- 
 leges, asalfonumbci ot Students, Libraries and learned Men, atein- 
 ferior to none, or rather, not to be paraleii'd by any in the World* 
 The Names of the refpeilive Colleges and Halls in each of thefe 
 Univerfities, (the moft of which do I'urpafs many of our foreign LJni- 
 verfitiesj are as folio vveth, 
 
 Vnivtrjity, 
 Balioly 
 Mertony 
 Oriely 
 Exeter, 
 ^een'Sy 
 Ne^'College, 
 liincolny 
 AU'Soulsy 
 
 In Oxford are 
 
 M-i^d,ileVy 
 Brazen thfe^ 
 Corpus Chnjli, 
 Chriji Church, 
 Irenityy 
 St. John 
 
 Wiidham, 
 i'embroke. 
 
 Halls are feven, viz. 
 
 Gloucejier, 
 St. Edmund, 
 ■Magdalen, 
 Bart, 
 
 Alban, 
 St. Mary, 
 New-Inn. 
 
 In Cambridge are 
 Veter-Ihufe, 
 Clare-Hall, 
 
 Bennety or Corpus Chrijii, 
 Pembroke-Hall, 
 'Trinity Hali, 
 Gonvil and Gaius, 
 King's College, 
 Queen s-College, 
 Catherine' Hall^ 
 Jefus College, 
 Chrijl's College, 
 St. Johns College, 
 Magdalen College, 
 "Trinity- Col I egCy 
 Umanuel College^ 
 Sidney Si^ffeXi 
 
P^rt 11. 
 
 Emofean tjlandf* 
 
 H^annetjS.] The Emjlp being originally a Mixture of clivers Nor* 
 thern and Southern Nations, do ftill retain in their Humour, a juft 
 A/c^« betwixt thofe two Extreams ; for the duW Saturnine (reniuis of 
 the one, and the hot A^em<>-i«/ jTew/^erofthe other, meeting in theif 
 Confiitutionsy render *em Ingenious and ABive, yet Solid and TerfeDe- 
 f.ng ; which noiiririi'd under a ltiitableLiier>)', infpiresaCo«mJ:ebdtH 
 gejierous and lafting. This happy Temperament of Spirit^ wKereWith 
 thisPffOjb/e isendu'd, doth eminently appear to the World, by that 
 mighty Inclination they always had and ftill have both to Arms ind 
 Arts^ and that wonderful ^rogrefs they have hitherto made in each 
 of 'em : For the matchlefs Valouv and Bravery^ the fingular Prudends 
 and ConduB of the Englijh Nation both by Sea andLand, is fo univer^* 
 ially known, and hath been fo frequently maiiifefted in moft Parts 
 of the World, that many Potent ^f<z/ci and Ziw^^^owj have felt the 
 pint of their Sivord, and been conftrained to yield to the Forc^ of 
 jheir Arms, They have alfo fo effeftually apply *d themfelves to all 
 forts of Ingenious Literature fince the happy Days of our Reformati- 
 on, and are advanc'd to fuch a Fitchof true and /olid Learning j thafe 
 they may juftly claim a tmt'jCitle to the Empire of Humane Knowledgei 
 Finally, their manner Of Writing ^whether for Solidity of Matter, 
 jporce of Arguihent, or Elegancy of Stile) is indeed fo tranfceri- 
 dently excellent, that no Nation hath yet furpafs'd the EngH^^t 
 none can juftly pretend to equal them. 
 
 Eanguage.] The £'»^///^L^»^a^^e being a Mixture of the old S'^x- 
 on and Norman, (one a Dialeft of the 'Teutonic, and the other of th6 
 French) having alfo fome TinB^ure of the ancient Britijh Roman, iiti d 
 hanijh Tongues, is much refin'd of late, and nowdefervedly reckon <i 
 as Copious -lExpreiffje, and Manly a Tongue, as any iaEurope, Harangue? 
 in this Language are capable of all the delightful Flowers of Rheto- 
 rich, and lively Strains of the trueft Eloquence, nothing inferior td 
 the moft riuent Orations pronounced of old by the beft of the RomaH. 
 Orators : In a Word, 'tis a Language that's rightly calculated fot 
 the Mafculine Genius of thofe who own ir. Pater Nojler in the Eng* 
 UJh Tongue runs thus : Oi$r Father, which art in Heaven, &Ci 
 
 (©Oiigrnmcnt.] The Klitgdom of England is a famous Ancient and 
 Hereditary Monarchy; a Monarchy which can feldom admit of any 
 Interregnum, and therefore is free from ndany Misfortunes, to whica 
 Ele£i:ive Kingdoms are fubjeit ; yea, fuch a Monarchy (in the Word* 
 of that worthy Gentleman, Dr. Chamberlain, Author of the Frefent 
 State of England) as that by the necelfary fubordinate Concurrence of 
 the Lords and Comrnons in making an4 repealing of Statutes or A&i 
 of Fartiarhentt it hath the main Advantages of an Ari^ocracy and 
 
 <^ mcracfy 
 
210 European JJlands. Part II. 
 
 rrtocfacyt and yet free from the Difadvantagcs aid Evils of either. 
 In Ihort, 'tis a Monarchy ( continues the aforefaid Authorj as by 
 moft admirable Temperament, affords very much to the Induftry, 
 Liberty and Happinefs of the Subjefl;, and referves enough for the 
 Majefty and Prerogative of any King, v ho will own his People as 
 Subjefts, not as Slaves. Chief Perfons of this Realm, after the 
 King and Princes of the Blood, are the Great Officers of the Crcwrty 
 who are commonly reckon 'd Nine in Number, -vit. (i.) The Lord 
 High Stenvard of Evgland'^ an Officer indeed fo great, and whofe 
 power was efteemed fo exorbitant, that it hath been difcontinu'd 
 ever fince the Days of yohn of Gaunt, Duke of Lancafier (his Son 
 Benry of BulliHghrook being the laft who had a State of Inheritance 
 in that high Office) and is now conferred by the King upon feme 
 of the chief Peers only, fro ilia vicey as upon occafion of the Crown- 
 ing of a new King, or the Arraignment of a Peer of the Realm for 
 Treafon, Felony, or fuch like, (z.') Tht Lord Bigh Chancellor, who^Q 
 Office is to keep the King's Great Seal, to moderate the Rigour of 
 the Law in judging according to Equity, and not according to the 
 Common Law. He alfo difpoleth of ail Ecclefiaftical Benefices in 
 the King's Gift, if valued under 20 /. a Year, in the King's Book. 
 In cafe there be no Chancellor, then the Lord Keeper is the fame 
 in Authority, Power and Precedence, only different in Patent. 
 (3.) The LordHigh Treajurer, whofe Office (asbeing PtAfeBusMra- 
 rl't) is to take charge of all the King's Revenue kept in the Exche- 
 quer, as alfo to check all Officers imploy'd in collefting the fame, 
 and fuch like. This Office is frequently executed by feverai Perfons 
 conjunftly in Commiffion ^term'd Lords of the 'X'reafury .) (4.) The 
 Lcrfl FrefiderJt of the Council, whofe Office is to attend upon the 
 King, and Summon the Council, to propofe Bufinefs at the Coujicil- 
 Table, and Report the feverai Tranfaftions of the Board. ( 5.) The 
 Lord Privy Seal, whofe Office is to pafs all Charters and Grants of 
 the King, and Pardons (igned by the King, before they come to 
 the Great Seal of England ; as alfo divers other Matters of fmaller 
 Moment, which do not pafs the Great Seal. But this Seal is never 
 to be affixt to any Grant without good Warrant under the King's 
 Privy-Signet, nor even with fuch Warrant, if the Thing granted 
 beagainftLaw orCuftom, until the King be firft acquainted there- 
 with. (5.) The Lord Great Chamberlain oi England^ whofe Office 
 is to bring the King's Shirt, Coif, and Wearing Cloaths, on the Coro- 
 nation- Day ; to put on the King's Apparel that Morning ; to carry 
 at the Coronation the Cw/, G/owj, and Linnen, which are to be 
 ufed by the King on that Occafion ; likewife the Sword and Scah- 
 bmrd, as alfo the Gold (to be offei'd by the King) together with the 
 jRohe Royal and Crown ; to Undrefs and Attire the King with his 
 Royal Robes i to ferve the King that Day with Water to walh his 
 
 Hands 
 
Part II. Emofean IJlanis, 211 
 
 Hands before and after Dinner, (i.) Tht Lord. Wgh Confiahle cf 
 England, an Officer, whofe Power is fo great, that 'twas thought in- 
 convenient to lodge the fame in any Subjeft fince the Year 1 521. and 
 is noyr conferr'd on fome of the chiefeft Peers, pro re natfi ; as upon 
 OCQ.^'(\oxs.o{ Coronations^ or Solemn Trialshy Comhit. (8.) The Earl 
 Marjhal of England, whofe Office is to take Cognizance of all Mat- 
 ters of War and Arms; to determine Contrafts concerning Deeds 
 of Arms out of the Realm upon Land, and Matters touching 
 Wars within the Realm, which the Common-Laiv cannot determine. 
 (9.) The Lord High Admiral of Englandy whofe Truftand Honour is 
 fo great, that this Office hath been ufually given either to fome of 
 the King's younger Sons, near Kinfmen, or one of the chiefeft Peers 
 of the Realm : To him i s committed the Management of all Mari- 
 time Affairs, the Government of the King's Navy; a decifive Power 
 in all Caufcs Maritime^ as; well Civil zsCriminal. He a!fo conamiffio- 
 nates, Vice-Admirals, Rear-Admiralsy Sea-Captains, &c. and enjoys a 
 Number of Privileges, too many here to be mention'd. This Office 
 is commonly executed by feveral Perfons conjunfHy in Commiffion, 
 (term'd Lordf of the Admiralty.) 
 
 After the Officers of the Crown, we might here fabjoyn the various 
 Courtfoi Judicature eftablifh'd in this Kingdom, efpecially the High 
 Court Parliament, which is Supreme to all others, andtowhomall 
 laft Appeals are made. I might here likwife mention all the Subor- 
 dinate Courts of this Realm, particularly that of the King's-Bench, 
 the Court of Common-Pleas, the High Court of Chancery, the Exche- 
 tjuery and the Court of the Butchy of Lancafier, &c. as alfo the Eccle- 
 Jiaffical Courts in Subordination to the Atchbifhop of Canterbury ; as 
 the Court of Arches, the Court of Audience, the Prerogative Court, the 
 Court of Faculties, and that of Peculiars. But to declare the Nature 
 znd Confiitution, the ample Privileges, and manner of Procedure in 
 each of them, would far exceed the narrow Bounds of an Abftrafl:. 
 I fiiall not therefore defcend to Particulars, only adding to this Pa- 
 ragraph, that, befides thefe various Courts abovemention'd, the King, 
 confulting the Eafe and Welfare of theSubjea, adminifters Juftice 
 by his Itinerant Judges, and that in their yearly Circuits thro' the 
 Kingdom ; and for the better governing of, and keeping the King's 
 Peace in particular Counties, Hundreds, Cities, Boroughs and Villages 
 of this Realm, Counties have their refpeftive Lord Lieutenants, 
 Sheriffs, and Juftices of the Peace i Hundreds, their Bailiffs, High- 
 Conftables, and Petty-Conftables ; Cities, their Mayor, Aldermen, 
 Sheriffs, S^f. Boroughsznd Towns Incotposzte, have eithera Mayor, 
 or two Bailiffs, or a Port-reeve, v. ho in Power are the fame -with 
 Mayor and Sheriffs ; and during their Offices, are Juftices of the 
 Peace within their own Liberties. And laftly. Villages are in Subje- 
 ftioDto the L#rrf of the Mamor, under whom j$ the CopJlabJe or Head- 
 
 horoHgls^ 
 
212 European Iflafids, Part IL 
 
 horvugh, to keep the Peace, apprehend OfFcnd^rs. and bring 'em be- 
 fore the Juftice. Of fuch an admirable Conftitution is x.\it Engl'^ 
 Government, that no Nation whatfoever can juftly pretend to fuch a 
 Model, and no People in the World may hve more happy it they 
 pleafe ; fo that it may be juftly affirm'd of em, what the Poet faith 
 in another Cafe, only with Change of Ferfons. 
 
 0 fortunatos nimium, fun fihona nmnty 
 Anglicams ! — — 
 
 5lltm.^.] The Enfigns Imperial of the Monarch of Great Britain^ 
 are in the fitft place, Azure, Hhree Flower- de-Luces, Or ; the Royal 
 Arms oiFrance quartered with the Imperial Hnfigns of England^ 
 ■which are Gw/ex, I'hree Lyons F^Jfant G.irdant in Fale, Or. In the 
 fecond place, within a double trefure Counter fi oner' d de lys Or, a Ly- 
 on Rampant, Gules, for the Royal Arms of Scotland. In the third 
 place. Azure, an Irijh Harp, Or, ftringed. Argent, for the Royal En- 
 figns Ireland. In the fourth place as in the firft. Thefe Enfigns 
 Armorial are placed after a new manner fince the late Revolution and 
 Union, the Kxvaso^Encrland^itiA Scotland being quarter'd together; 
 and fince KingGeor/^e's Acceffion to the Throne, are added the Arms 
 of the rioM^cbi Br unfwick Lunenburgh, which are Azure, an Horfe, 
 at full Liberty, Argent, charg'd with Charlemaigns Crown, anfwer- 
 able to his being Arch-Treafurer of the Empire ; all within the 
 Garter, the chief Enfign of that moft noble Order ; upon the 
 fame, a rich Mantle of Cloth of Gold, doubled Evmin, adorned 
 ■with an Imperial Crown, and furmounted for a Crefi by a Lyon Taf- 
 fant Gardant. Or, Crowned, as the/ormer, and an Unicorn Argent 
 Gorged with a Croivn, thereto a Chain affixt, paffing between his 
 Fore-legs, and reflex'd over his Rack, Or, both ftanding upon a Com- 
 partment, placed underneath ; and in the Table of that Compart- 
 ment is exprefs'd the King of Great Britain s Motto, which is, Diett 
 ^ mon Droit. 
 
 ISeligfOn.] The inhabitants of this Country are (for the moft 
 part) of the true Reformed Religion publickly profefs'd, and care- 
 fully taught in its choiceft Purity. In reforming of which, they 
 •were not fo hurry 'd by popular Fury and Fa£lion (as in other Na- 
 tionsj but proceeded in a more Prudent, Regular, and Chriftian 
 Method ; refolving to feparate no farther from the Church of Rome^ 
 than fhe had feparated from the TrMth, embracing that excellent 
 Mvice of the Prophet, (Jer. 6. j6) Stand ye in the ways andfee^ and 
 ask for the old Paths, where is the good way, and walk therein. So that 
 the Reformed Church of England, is a true Mean or middle Way be- 
 twixt thofe two Extreams, of Superfiition and thanatkifrnt both 
 
 . equally 
 
part 11. ^uro^ean Iflands, £15 
 
 equally to be avoided. The BoElrlne of which Church thus refin'd 
 is briefly fumra'd up in the 39 Articles^ and Book of Homilies ; and 
 her Difciplw and Worpip are to be feen in rhe Liturpry^ and Book of 
 Canons, All which being ferioufly weigh'd and confider'd by a judi- 
 cisus and impartial Mind, it may be found that this National 
 Church is for certain, the exafteft of all the Reformed Churches, 
 and comes neareft to the Primitive Pattern of any in Chijiendom. 
 For her Doftrine is inrirely built upon the Prophets and Apofilex. Ac- 
 cording to the Explication of the ancient Fathers, her Government 
 Crightly confider'd) is truly Apoficlical i her Liturgy is a notable Ex- 
 tratt of the beft of the Primitive Forms ; her Ceremonies are few 
 in Number, but fuch as tend to Decency and true Devotion. ^ In a 
 Word, the Church of England doth firmly hold and maintain the 
 •whole Body of the truly Cathchch Faith (and none other) according 
 to Holy Scripture, and Che Four drii General Coi^ncih ; fo that her Sons 
 may truly fay, (in the Words of an eminent Luminary of the anci- 
 ent Church ) In ea regula incedimus qttam Ecclefia ab Apojlolis, Apofioli 
 d Chr/fo, & Chrifius a Deo accepit. At prefent all Setts ^nd Parries 
 are tolented ; and it's truly as melancholy to confider, as 'tis hard 
 to determine, whether our Heats and Divisions on one hand, or opei^ 
 trcphanenefs and Irreligion on the other, be moft predominant. In 
 the mean time, this is moft certain, that they're both ec^ually to be 
 lamented ; the ncceffary Confequence of them both being moft dif- 
 ijial and dangerous in the End. But that it may pleafe tJje Almighty 
 io grant to all Nations Unity, Peace and Concord; to bring into the way 
 of I'mthy all fuch as have erred and are deceived ; to Jirengthen fuch 
 as do fiand; to comfort and help the Weak-hearted ; to raife up them 
 that fall ; and finally, to, heat down Satan under our Feety i? the daily 
 and fervent Prayer of the Church of Chrift ; and the hearty Wi{|> 
 and Defire of every true Son thereof. The Chvifiian Faith is thought 
 to have been planted in England, tempore (ut fcimus) fummo TUberi'i 
 Cffaris, -according to ancient Gildas ; but afterwards more univef 
 fally receiv'd, Anno 180, it being then openly profefs'd by publicl? 
 Authority, under King Lucius ; who is faid to have been the firft 
 Chriftian King in the World ; yet feveral doubt whether there was 
 ever fuch a Man in the World. In general, this is certain, tha| 
 Chriftianiiy was propagated here in the earlieft Ages, of the Church. 
 
 9. 3 . ^ ^' i 
 
214 
 
 European JJIands. Part IL 
 
 WALES. 
 
 ^AXClt-YS^XJ JT-'ES [tht Seat of the Ancieat Britahs, and bound- 
 V V ed on the Eaji by a part of England ; on the Wefij 
 North., and Souihy by St. Georges ChannelJ is termed by the Italians^ 
 Wallia \ by the Spaniards, Gales ; by the French, Guiles \ by the 
 Germans, Walks; and by the Sw^///??, Wales; fo called fasfome itna- 
 gine^ fromldwallo, Son to Cadwallader^ who retired intothis Coun- 
 try with the remaining Britains. But others rather' think, that as the 
 Briiains derive their Pedigree from the Gauls, fo they alfo retain the 
 Name, this Country being ftili termed by the French, Galle's 5 which 
 wfj'ng ^F'for G ( according to the Saxon Cuftom ) agrees pretty -well 
 with the prefent Title. 
 
 ?Cir.] The Air of this Country is much the fame as in thofe Coun- 
 ties of England which lie under the fame Parallel of Latitude* The 
 .'-♦»#ppofite Place of the Globe to Wales, is that part of the vaft Paci- 
 fick Ocean, between 190 and 200 Degrees of Longitude, with 56 
 and ()0 Degrees of South Latiude. 
 
 ;|)OiI.] The Soil of this Country (It lying in the 9th North Cli- 
 mate ) is generally very Mountainous, yet lome of its Valleys are 
 abundantly fertile, producing great plenty of Corn,, and others are 
 very fit for Pafturage. It's like wife well ftored with large Quarries of 
 Frec-ftone, as alfo feveral Mines of Lead-Oar and Coals. The long- 
 eft Day in the Northmoft Parts, is about \6 Hours V, the fliorteft m 
 the Southraoft 7 Hours |, and the Nights proportionably. 
 
 CommoiJitiej?.] The chief Commodities of this Country, are Cat- 
 tle, Butter, Cheefe, Welch- Frizes, Cottens, Bays, Herrings, Hides, 
 Calves-Skins, Honey, "Wax, and fuch like. > 
 
 Ififlrttlt,^.] In feveral Parts of this Principality, efpecially Denbigh- 
 pire, are ftill to be feen the Remains of that famous Wall, commonly 
 call d King Dyh, made by Offa the Mercian, as a Boundary be- 
 tween the Saxons and Britains. ( z.) At a fmall Village, called New 
 i:jn in Glamorganpire, is a remarkable nigh the Sea, which 
 
 ebbs and flows contrary to the Sea. ( In the fame County, as al- 
 fo Caermarthenjhire, are feveral Ancient Sepulchral Monuments, and 
 divers noted Stone Miliars, with obfervable Infcriptions on them. 
 (^.) In Brecknochjhire are feme other remarkable Pillafs, particularly 
 that called Maeny Marynnion (or the Maiden Stone) near the Town 
 of Breekneck. Another at Feutre Xsbythng in Lban S» Mred Parifb. 
 
 : And 
 
Part II. 
 
 European Ijlands, 
 
 21^ 
 
 And a third 5n Form of a Crofs, ii^ Vanor Parlfli. ( $.) In Glamor- 
 ganjhire are the Remains oiCaer ?hyU Cafile (taksn by fome for the 
 BulUi m SiluYum) ^vhich are generally reckon'd the nobleft Ruins ot 
 Ancient Architeaure of any in Brto. (6.) In Meriomihpire is 
 Kader Idris, a Mountain remarkable for its prodigious Height, be- 
 ing commonly reckon'd the higheft of any in Britain i as an Argu- 
 ment for which, 'tis urged by fome, that the faid Mountain aftords 
 variety of Alpine Plants, (l.) In Cmarvanfiire is a perpcndic«lat 
 Rock of a great Height, thro' which the publick Road lies, ind 
 occafions no fmall Terror to many Travellers; for on one hand the 
 lofty impending Rock threatens (as 'twere) every Mmute to crulti 
 'em to Pieces, and the prodigious Precipice below is fo very hideous 
 and full of danger, that one falfe ftep is of difmal Confequence. 
 (8.) Near Eafinir'u.-erk in Flintjhlre is that remarkable Fountain com- 
 monly called Holy Well, which fends forth fo confiderable a Stream, 
 as to be able immediately almoft to turn a Mill: But more obferva- 
 ble for its pretended Sanaity of old (and that dtnvtd from the ta- 
 bulous Story of S. Wmefrld) as alfo the wonderful Virtues of its 
 Waters ; and thofe were chiefly owing to the Forgery of the Monks^ ^ 
 of Bafinffwerh {9.) In Pembrohjlure is Milford Eaveriy which, tot 
 Largenefs and Security can perhaps be out-done by none in Europe^ 
 it having id Creeks, 5 Bays, and 13 Roads: And may thereupon 
 be defetvedly reckon'd among the Raritiei of this Countiy. M?'/* 
 In Monmouihjhire are many Roma}i Altars dug up with Variety of In- 
 fcriptions upon "em : For which, and many others, Vid. Cambdea * 
 Britannia, late Edition, from Page 613, to 6io. as alfo from ^t), 
 to 62^. with Page 59?, 5S)4> ^oO' 6°*' ^®5« ^ut if the curjous 
 Reader would fee the chief Rarities of Wales at one View ; let hini 
 confult the aforefaid Author CPag.^S);.) where he will find the Ke- 
 cnarkables of this Principality, reprefented in Sculpture ; particu- 
 larly thefe following, viz. a curious carved Pillar, called Maen-y 
 Chwyan, on Mofiyn Mountain in Ftintjhire. Two remarkable Pillars 
 at Caer PhyTi Cajile in Glarmrganjhire, An Alabafter Statue, found 
 rear Porth-Shine-Kran in Mmmouth^ne. And finally, fome Roman 
 Armor and Medals, with variety of Coins, both Roman and Bntijh^ 
 dug up at feveral Times in feveral Parts of Wales. 
 
 ' aitcptlTbOJi^iVfe!'-] Mbijljoprkks in this Principality. None. 
 
 I SBifbop^icftj^O BiJboprickSy Four, viz. thofe of 
 
 Bangor, 
 S. Afaph, 
 
 Jpberfitte^.D None, 
 
 (l4 
 
EuYQ-^ean IJlands. 
 
 Part IL 
 
 ll^lannfrs?.] The Wekh are a People generally reputed very ftith- 
 furand loving to one another in a ftringe Country, as alfo to Stran- 
 gers in their own. Tiie Commons (for the moft part) are extra- 
 ordinary Simple and Ignorant, tut their Gentry are eftesm'd both 
 ^rave and Hofpitable, They are univerfilly inclin'd to' a Cholerick 
 temper, and extravagantly value themfelves on their Pedigrees and 
 Faniilies, ■ 
 
 Hanguaije.] The Wekh (being the Off-/prhg of the ancient Bn- 
 iaini) do ftill retain their Primitive Language^ which yet remains 
 iiiore free from a Mixture of exotick Words than any modern "Tongue! 
 in Europe;' VL Language •which hath nothing to recommend it tq 
 Strangers^ it being both hard to pronounce, and unpleafant to the: 
 £ar, by *eafoh of its vaft Multitude of Confonants. Their Pater- 
 nofler runs thus : Ei» "Tad )r hwn ivyt yn y nefoedd, fenBiedier dy eniv : 
 Deued dy deyrmas ; bid dy eivyllys ar yddaiar megis y mac yn neofodd 
 4yre'i ni hed dyw ein bar a beunyddiol : a madden i ni ein dyledion, jel y 
 tnaddewri ny i'n dyledivry :- ac nar ar'wain mi broje diageth, either giva^ 
 fed in rhag drxvg. Amen. 
 
 '^'<0O:b0rnmfnt.] This Principality was anciently govern'd by its 
 Ow^n King or Kings ( ih'ere being frequently one for South, and ano- 
 ther for 2\7b>-/^ Wales, and fometimes no lefs than five did claim a 
 iRegal Power) but was fully conquered, Anno 1282. by Edivardh 
 who hiving then a Son brought forth by his Queen at Caemarven 
 Caftle in J^/?/ejj and finding the V/elch extteamly averfe againft a fo- 
 ieign'Governor, proller'd 'em the young Child (a Native of their 
 6v/h) t6 be their Lord and Mafter, to which they readily yielded j 
 and accordingly fwore Obedience to him ; fince which Time, the 
 King of England's eldeft Son is ftii'd Prime of Walesa and all Writs 
 in that Principality are ifllied out in his Name. 
 
 3Ctm^f»j The Arms of the Prince of Wales differ from thofe of 
 England, only by the Addition of a. Label of three Points. But the 
 proper and peculiar Device, commonly (tbo* corruptedly) calle^d 
 the Prince's Arms, is a Coronet beautified with three Ojiritch Fea- 
 ^/■e>'j,''with this Infcription round, kh dien, i. e. I ferve ; allwdjtng 
 ip that of the Apoflle, 'The Heir while he is a Child^ differeth not from 
 ^Servant, ■ ., 
 
 fltligion,] The Inhabitants of this Country (at leaft the moft in- 
 leUigent of 'enl) are of the Befovm'd Religion, according to the Flat- 
 $ottn of the Church of England i but many of the meaner Sort are fo 
 arofl;^ ignorant in Religious Matters, that they diflfer nothing#om 
 
Fart |L European Ijlands. zij 
 
 meer Heathens. For the remedying of which, the late incompara- 
 ble Mx.Gopige was at no fmall Pains and Charge, in Preaching the 
 Blefled Gofpel to 'em, and procuring and diftributing among 'em 
 fome confiderable nurhber of Bibles, ^nd Books of Devotioa, in their 
 own Language. Which noble Defign was afterwards reviv'd and 
 further'd by the famous Robert Boyle, Efq; and feveral other well- 
 dil^ofed Perfo'ns (particularly that much lamented Eminent Divine* 
 Dr. Anthony Horneek) and we*re willing to hope, thaif the fame '^ill 
 be kept ftill on Foot, and happily piMomoted by the Aid and EncotfT 
 ragement of fome ferious Chrjftianl amongrt us. The Chrift'ian 
 Faith is faid to have been planted in this Country towards the End 
 of the fecond. Century. 
 
2l8 
 
 European IJlands, 
 
 Part II. 
 
 I R E L A NT). 
 
 "2 Cbetwcen J °J ^^lof Lon. ( g ^^?Sth from S to N. 
 J5 J ? 20 40/ ^ £L< of>«t 2<J5 Miles. 
 
 IS a- 
 
 Lehftev 
 
 Breadth from E. to W. is 
 about 150 Miles. 
 
 Divided into the jUl/ler 
 Piovinces of "^ConnaugU- 
 
 I . Dublin. 
 
 Londonderry* 
 "iS.) Galloway, 
 *5 {^Limerick. 
 
 Louth Countjr — — — 
 Vtthlin - 
 
 Wicklo'H) ■ 
 Wexford • 
 Longftrrd 
 
 Meath County — 
 King's County-" 
 Queens County ■ 
 Kilkenny ■ 
 Kildare ■ 1 1 «— 
 
 Catevlagh 
 
 f'Down County 
 Armagh 
 Monogon 
 Caven — 
 Antrim — — 
 Londonderry 
 
 /^Dregheda- 
 Idem — r- 
 Idem— •« 
 Idem — ' 
 Idem — 
 Moling a r ■ 
 Fhilipjlone- 
 
 ► from N. to S, 
 
 ►from N. to S^ 
 
 Mstri-burrotM ' 
 
 Idem — — 
 Idem?p .55:. County. 
 Idem 5^* ^^Z^ilkenney, 
 
 £3 
 
 "Tivone County 
 Fermanath — - 
 \Punnagal — - 
 
 ^ ^Letrim* 
 
 a 
 o 
 %j 
 
 I St 
 
 iRofcemon — 
 Gallo way ~-' 
 ' Maio County • 
 ,Skgo TT'T^' 
 
 from E, to S.W. 
 
 Carrickfergus "J 
 
 Idem Cfiom E. to S.V. 
 
 Dungannon f 
 
 Inniskilltng 3 
 
 Idem, W. of Londonderry, 
 
 Idem— 
 Athlon? 
 Idem- 
 Mah 
 
 from N. to Sa 
 
 Mah— — 7 leftward. 
 
 Videm-— * ' 3 
 
Back of 
 Foldout 
 Not Imaged 
 
Part II. European Ijlands, 
 
 219 
 
 c r Tipper ary «i „ Chnmel--^'——l 5^ 
 
 p \WateYjord' — — ff ^ <V Idem • > 
 
 ? JClare County- jjidem 7 
 
 ^'^UmericJi — Nidem >N. to S. 
 
 J ✓Cori^: County XS'^ ^Idem ^ 
 
 V Kerry — • -J • Llngle^ Weftward. 
 
 J^ame.lT"' H I S Ifland [furrounded by the British Ocean, and rec- 
 \^ kon'd the Brittania Parva of Ptolemy j mention 'd alfo 
 by other ancient Writers under the Names of ycr»4r, Juverna^ Irif, 
 &c. and by modern Authors, Hiberma} is term'd by the lialiam, 
 Irlando ; by the Spaniards, Irlanda ; by the French^ Irlande j by the 
 Germans, Xrlatfd J and by the EttgUJhj Ireland; fo call'd (as fome 
 imagine) ab hlberno acre^ from the Winter-like Air : But rather (ac- 
 cording to others; from Erhlandy which in the Irip Tongue figni-; 
 fiech a Wefiern Land, it being fo in refpeO: of Great Britain, 
 
 The Air of this Country is almoft of the fame Nature with 
 that ofthofe Parts of Britain, which lie under the fame Parallel ; 
 only different in this, that in feveral Places of this Kingdom, 'tis of 
 a more grofs and impure Temper j by reafon of the many Lakes and 
 Marfhes, which fend up fuch a quantity of Vapours, and thereby fo 
 corrupt the whole Mais of the Air, as to occafion Fluxes, Rheums, 
 and fnch like Diftempers, to which the Inhabitants are frequently 
 fubjeft. The oppofite Place of the Globe to Ireland, is that part of 
 the Pacifick Ocean, lying between i8o and 200 Degrees of Longi- 
 tude, with 55 and 55 Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 ^mW] The Soil of this Country (it lying in the 9th and loth 
 North Climate) is abundantly fertil ; but naturally more fit for Grals 
 and Pafturage, than Tillage. Much of this Kingdom is ftill over- 
 grown with Woods, or incumber'd with vaft Bogs and unwholfome 
 Marfhes j yielding neither Profit nor Pleafure to the Inhabitants, but 
 not near fo much as formerly : There being a great deal of Wood 
 cut down, and many large Marfhes drain'd in this Age, and the 
 Ground imploy'd for various forts of Grain, which it produceth in 
 great Plenty. The longeft Day in the Northmoft Part of this Coun- 
 try is about r 7 Hours and a half j the fhorteft in the Southmoft, 
 7 Hours three Quarters, and the Nights proportio»ably. 
 
 •tommobitte^.] The chief Commodities of this Country, are Cat- 
 tle, Hides, Tallow, Butter, Cheefe, Honey, Wax, Salt, Hemp, Lin- 
 ncn- Cloth, Pipe-Staves, Wool, Friezes, &c. 
 
European IJlands, 
 
 Parf II. 
 
 Jlaritie^.] About eight Miles North Eaft from Colra'm in the 
 County of Antrim, is that Miracle (whether of Avt or ISfature, I fhall 
 not difpute) commonly call'd Giants Caufivay ; which runs from the 
 Bottom of a high Hill into the Sea, none can tell how far. Its Length, 
 ZX. Low-water^ u about 600 feet; the Breadth, where broadeft, 
 Z40, and 120 in thenarroweft ; 'tis very unequal in Height, being 
 in fome Places ^6 Feet from the Level of tlie Strand, and in others 
 only 15. It confifts of many thoufands of Pillars, perpendicular tp 
 the Plain of the Horiz.oHy and all of different Shapes and Sizes, but 
 moft of 'em Pentagonal or Hexagonal, yet all irregularly placed. 
 A particular Draught and Defcription of this wonderful Caufway^ 
 with an Effay, proving the fame to be rather the Work of Nature 
 than Art, Vid. I'hikfoph, 'TvanfaB. N. 212, and ^zl. {z.) In the Pro- 
 vince of Uljier is the famous Lough-Neagh, hithctto poted for i](:s 
 lare pecrefying Quality ; but upon due Examination, 'tis found that 
 the faid Qualify ought to be afcrib'd to the Soil of the Ground ad- 
 jacent to the Lake, rather than to the Water of the Lakeiffelf 
 (3.) In feveral Parts of this Kingdom are fometimes dug up Horns of 
 a prodigious Bignefs (ono. Pair lately found being ten Feetand ten 
 Inches from the Tip of the right Horn to the Tip of the left ) which 
 gives Cccafion to apprehend that the great American Deer (cair4 
 the Moofe) was formerly common in this Ifland, A§ for that excel- 
 lent Quality of Ireland , in nourifhing no venomous Creature j 
 the fame is fo notoripufly known, that I need fay nothing 
 of it. 
 
 SHrcf^tjifljOp^l'cfi.SfO Archbljhopricks in this Kingdom are Four, -viz. 
 thofe of Armagh^ Dublin, Capl, and "Tuam. The Archbifhop of 
 Armagh being Primate of all Ireland, 
 
 2Bi(l}0p;!Clii?.] Bijhoprkh in this Kingdom are thofe of 
 
 Meath, 
 
 Kildave^ 
 
 Ojfory, 
 
 Leighlin and Feyns^ 
 
 Kilalos, 
 
 Killala, 
 
 Limerick, Ardfert and 
 
 Aghado, 
 Waterford, 
 Cork and Rofi, 
 Cloy net 
 Clogher, 
 
 Down and Conner^ 
 
 Clonfertf 
 E^phin, ' 
 Rapko, 
 Derry, 
 
 Kilmore and Arda^h^ 
 Prommore. 
 
 ISniber jitiei^.] Here is only one XJniverftty, viz.. that of Dublin. 
 
 HanneriSO The Irijh (according to the beft Charafte^ I find of 
 •fsn, viz^ that of Dr. Ueylin) are a People, that's generally fttong 
 
 and 
 
Part 11. European Iflandi, 22% 
 
 and nimble of Body, haughty of Spirit, carelefs of their Lives, pa- 
 tient in Cold and Hunger, implacable in Enmity, conftant in Love, 
 light of Belief, greedy ot Glory. In a Word, if they arc bad, yoU 
 Iball no where find worfe ; if they be good, you can hardly meet 
 ■with better. 
 
 j,artgua0C.] The Lamrui^ge Kere ufed by the Natives being the 
 /)7>, feems to be of a Britip Extraaion, by comparing the fame 
 with the Welch. The Enghp and Scots here refiding retain theic 
 own. Pater-Noper in the /nj?; Tongue, runs thus: Aiv natHr^ ataigb 
 air nin, nahzfer hamnifi; tigiul da riatlatche : deantur da hoilamhi-^ 
 coll air nimh agis air thnlamhi. Air naran laidthuH tabhair dhuin a* 
 niombh ; agis math duin dair piaca ammil agis matUtm liddar fentchun' 
 mm ; agis na trilaic ajloch fay anaufen ; ac f^rjtno ole. Amen. 
 
 <J50bernment.3 The Go-vemment of this Country is by one Supreme 
 Officer, who is commonly term'd the Lord Lieutenant^ or Lord D«- 
 ftity of Ireland. No Vice-Roy in Europe is invefted with greater 
 Power, nor cometh nearer the Majefty of a King in his Train and 
 State, than he. For his Affiftance he's allow'd a Privy- Council to 
 advife with upon all Occafions. As for the Laws of the Kingdom, 
 (which are the (landing Rule of all Civil Government) they owe 
 their Beginning and Original to the EngUp Parliament and Coun- 
 cil, and muft firft pafs the Great Seal of England. In abfence of the 
 
 ) Lieutenant, the Supreme Power is lodged in Lords Jufitces.^ho 
 have the fame Authority with a Lieutenant. The various Court* 
 of Judicature, both for Civil and Criminal Affairs, and their man^ 
 
 I ner of Proceeding in each of 'em, are much the fame as here in 
 England. 
 
 3Ctm^0 See England, page a 12. 
 
 IScIimon.] The inhabitants of this Country are partly Frotejianff^ 
 partly Papifis. The beft civiliz'd Parts of the Kingdom are of the 
 Reform'd Religion, according to the Platform of the Church of 
 . Entrland. But the far greater Part of the old Native Irijh do ftill ad- 
 he're to Popilb Superftitions, and are as credulous of many ridiculous 
 Legends as in former Times. The Chxiftian Faith was firft preached 
 in 'this Country by St. Patrick {Anno 455.) who is generally affirmed 
 to be the Nephew of St. Martin of ^onrs. 
 
 Having 
 
222 
 
 European IJlands, 
 
 tart II 
 
 Having thus travelled thro' Britain and Ireland [the Greater of 
 the Britannick Iflaads] proceed we next to the Lejfer, which in refpe£l 
 oi Great Britain^ are fuuated on the E^/, F/eJly North znd South. 
 
 the Holy IJlani ^ 
 I "Fearn IJlands -■ ' ■ 
 
 Gocket Ijland 
 
 ' Sh^py Ijland — . 
 
 ,'Xhanet Ijland- > 
 
 fThe Lewes 
 
 ^'jfi 
 
 Sky- 
 
 Mul 
 
 Jura • 
 
 lla ■ 
 
 Atran 
 
 Man —— 
 
 Anglefey — — — ^ 
 XScllly JJlands 
 
 2 \^}''2^r'yAMainlaln 
 - ofwhichthe>^ . 
 
 I ^ chief are 
 
 % j Tht Shetland f Mainland 
 g j of which the > 
 t Lchietare SXell 
 
 ' Tortland Ijland 
 
 JJle of Wight- " ■ 
 
 } Fort-Sea Ijland 
 
 C Je^'fey — 
 
 Ujles of 2 Guernfey 
 
 fThe Old Fort 'j 
 TheOld'To'wer 
 
 Qiiinborough — 
 
 All E. of Not' 
 thumberland. 
 
 On the Kentifb 
 Coaft. 
 
 Sowardil ^-j 
 
 {Kilfaarickl 
 Kihorie - j 
 Do wart Cafile- 
 
 Kilardil——^ \ found from N, 
 
 {Kllconan- jt 
 Arren •— ^ 
 
 Rujfm-^ 
 
 Newburgh • — ' 
 Cajile Hugh—} 
 
 to S. 
 
 [Alderney— ' 
 
 None T 1 
 
 Kirkwall j 
 
 Elwick j 
 
 Periwa—' )> from S. to N.N.E. 
 
 Xlesburg 
 
 Grauelland — J 
 
 Portland Caftle S. of Dor/etpire4 
 
 Newprt--^->^^ ofH^„,pp,,, 
 
 Port/mouth 5 
 
 Sr. Hilary J 
 
 I St. Pefe/sToivn > W. of Normandy, 
 ^Alderney j 
 
 The chief of which Leffer Iflands being thefe following, viz* 
 
 The Orcadesy C Man^ C Jerfeyy 
 
 The Shetland, The IHe of< Anglefey, The Ifles of Guernfey ^ 
 The Hebrides, Lf^tght, C^lderney, 
 
 Somewhat of all thefe, and in their Order. Therefore, 
 
 Si: 
 
part II. European JJlands, 22 j 
 
 § I. The Or cades ^ Of Orkney Iflands. 
 
 TH E Number of thefe Iflands is indeed very great, and of *eni 
 26 are adually inhabited ; the reft being call d Holms, are us*d 
 only for Pafturage. Moft of 'em are blefs d with a very pure aad 
 healthful Air to breathe in, but their Soil is very different, being in 
 fome extreamly dry and fandy, in others wet and marfhy ^ however^ 
 they're indifferently fruitful in Oats and Barley, but dcftitute of 
 Wheat, Rye, and Peafe. Many ufeful Commodities are yeajly ex- 
 ported from them to divers foreign Parts. In thefe Iflands are feve- \ 
 ral Foot-fteps of the P/f?//fo Nation, from whom Fi&land Frith is 
 commonly thought to derive its Name. The Inhabitants do ftill re- 
 tain many Gothick and Temonick Terms in their Language j and 
 fome ancient German Simamcs (as yet in Ufe) do plainly evince 
 their ExtraiStion. Being as yet great Strangers to that Effeminacy 
 of Living in the Southern Parts of Britain^ they commonly arrive 
 to very confiderable Ages ; and feldora it is, that they Die of the 
 Thyjician. Thefe Iflands have been vifited by the RomanSy poffefs'd 
 by the Piff/, and fubjeft to the Danes ; but .Chrifiian IV. of Den' 
 mark having quitted all his Pretenfions to 'em in favour of King 
 James VI. upon the Marriage of that Prince with his Sifter, they 
 have ever fince acknowledg'd Allegiance to the Scottip Crown, 
 and are immediately govern 'd by the Stewart of Orkney^ or his 
 Deputy. 
 
 § 2. The Shetland. 
 
 UN D E R the Name of Shetlandy are commonly comprehended 
 no Icfs than Iflands, with 40 Holms^ befides many Rocks, 
 Ot thefe Iflands, about 26 are inhabited, the reft being ufed only 
 for feeding of Cattle. They enjoy a very healthful Aifi and the 
 Inhabitants do generally arrive to a great Age. In feveral of 'em are 
 I fome Obelisks ftill ftanding, v/ith divers old Fabricks ; made ('as is 
 I commonly believ'd^ by the P/(SFj. The Gentry, who remoted hi- 
 \ ther from the Continent, ufually fpeak as in the North of Scotland', 
 but the common fort of People (who are defcended from the Norve^ 
 gians) do ftill retain a corrupt Norfe Tongue, call'd Norn, All 
 thefe Iflands belong now to the Cro\vn of Scotland^ and are reckon'd 
 a part of the Stewarty of Orloiey, 
 
'zi2^ European tjlands* Part Ih 
 
 § 3. The Hebrides, 
 
 THIS mighty Clufter of Iflands (the Ebudes of Ftolemy^ Solinus^ 
 ahd P//»y) are commonly term'd the Wefiern IJles^ from theii 
 Situation in refpeft of Scotland^ to which Crown they belong. In 
 Soil they're very different, but generally bleft with a pure an4 
 healthful Air. They furpafs 300 in Number, tho' reckon'd by 
 fome but 44. Their Inhabitants ufe the Ir'ijh Tongue, yet with 
 Ditference of Diale£l: from that in Ireland; and are much the fame 
 with the Highlanders on the Continent of both, in Haffit, 
 
 Cuftoms, and manner of Living. The moft remarkaljle of all thcfe 
 Iflands are Two, viz. Jona, and St. Kilda, The former (now cal- 
 led Coiumhkilly nigh the Ifle of Mull) is noted for being of old the 
 Burying-place of the Kings of Scotland^ and the cbief Refidencc 
 of the ancient Culdees. The other (term'd by the Ifianders, Hirt ; 
 by BuchanatJf Hirta ; and afterwards Sr. Kilda or KUder) is the re- 
 moteft of all the HehrideSy and fo obfervable for fome Rematkables 
 therein, and fever.il uncommon Cuftoms peculiar to its Inhabitants, 
 that a Defcription thereof was of late thought worthy of a parti- 
 cular Treatife, intituled, A Voyage to St. KilJa, to which I remit 
 the Reader, 
 
 § 4. The rp of Max. 
 
 THIS Ifland (called Monoeda by 'Ptolemy ; and by Vliny-, Mona.hia\ 
 enjoys a very cold and fliarp Air, being expofed on every fide 
 to the bleak piercing Winds from the Sea. Its Soil oweth much 
 of its Fertility to the Care and Induftry of the Husbandman. The 
 Inhabitants (a Mixture of Englijhy Scots, and Irijh, commonly called 
 Manhmen) have in general a very good Charafter. The ordinary 
 fort of People retain much of the Irijh in their Language and Way 
 of Living; but thofe of better Rank ftrive to imitate the Ew^////?* 
 In this they're peculiarly happy, that all litigious Proceedings are 
 banifh'd from among 'em, all Differences being fpeedily determined 
 by certain Judges, call'd DeemJIers, and that without Writings or 
 Fees:' If the Cafe be found very intricate, then 'tis referr'd to li 
 Men, whom they term'd the Keys of the Ifland. This Ifland be- 
 longed once to "the Scots, and in it the Bifliop of the IJles had his 
 Cathedral ; but now the whole, together with the Advowfon of 
 the Biflioprick, belongs to the Earls of Derby, who are commonly 
 ftil'd Lords of Man, tho* Kings in efte£i: ; they having all kind of 
 Civil Power and Jurifdiftion over the Inhabitants, butltill under the 
 ^ief and Sovereignty of the Crown of Evglandi, 
 
 § a 
 
i^ait IL European IJIanJs, 
 
 § 5. oAnglefey, 
 
 THIS Ifland (the celebrated Moya of the Eomanij and ancient 
 Seat of the 'Druides) is blefs'd with a very fruitful Soil, produ- 
 cing moft forts of Grain (efpecially Wheat) in fuch Abundance, 
 that the J'Velch commonly term it, Mon mam Gymryy i. e. Mon^ the 
 Nuyfery of Wales, becaufe that Principality is frequently fupply'd 
 from thence in unfeafonable Years. 'Tis commonly reckon'd asone 
 of the Counties of North }ValeSj and acknowledgeth SubjeSion to 
 the Crown of England, 
 
 § 6. The IJle of Wight. 
 
 THIS Ifland (term'd by 'PtoJemy, oCt)t\mii ; and by the Ro' 
 mans, VeBa^ VeBis^ or VeBeJls ; enjoys a pure healthful Air ; 
 and is generally reckon'd a very plealant and fruitful Spot ot 
 Ground. 'Twas once honour'd (as the Ifle of Man) with the Ti- 
 tle of Kingdom, for Henry Beauchampy Earl of fVarivici, was ctown'd 
 King of W^bt by Henry VI. Anno 1445. but that Title died with 
 himfelf about two Years after, and 'tis now reckon'd only a part of 
 Hr.nipjlnre, and is governed in like manner, as other of the LelTec 
 Iflands. 
 
 § 7. Jerfey^ Guernfey^ and AJderney. 
 
 THESE Iflands, with Sark (another fmall adjacent Ifle) are all 
 of William the Conqueror's Inheritance, and Dukedom of Nor- 
 mandy, tfiat now remains in the PofTeffion of the EngUjh Crown. Their 
 Soil is fufficientlv rich, producing in great Abundance both Corn and 
 Fruits, efpecially Apples, of which they make plenty of Cyder ; 
 and the Air is fo healthful to breathe in, that the Inhabitants have 
 little or no ufe for Phyficians among 'em. They chiefly imploy 
 themfelves in Agrimhure, and Knitting of Stockings i and during 
 War with France^ they are much given to |Privateeriag. It's oh- 
 f«rvabie of Guem/ey, that no venemous Creature can live in itj 
 and that the Natives generally look younger by ten Years thaa 
 they really are. The Iflands being annex'd to sthe EngUp Crown, 
 Anno 1180. by Henry I. have ( to their great Honourj continu'd firm 
 in their Aflegiance to England ever fince that Time, notwithftanding 
 of feveral Attempts made upon *em by the French. And fo much 
 (or the Leffcr Britannick IJIwds, But if the Readgt defircs a iarget 
 
 K Accoun$ 
 
^^i^ European JJlands, Part II. 
 
 Account of 'era, let him confalt the late Edition of Cambdens Bri- 
 mvma, from Pag. 1049, to iii^, inclufively. 
 
 Having thus particularly furvey'd the Britannkk IJlandsy both 
 Ijrester and Lelier, proceed we now (according to our propofed 
 Metliod) to the Second Part of this Seftion, which is to take a View 
 jof other Iflands belonging to Europe^ whether they lie on th« 
 ^^orihi Wefii or South^ of the main Continent. Therefore, 
 
 IL Of all the other European Iflands^ 
 
 XTNorth'l 
 
 Uuropenn Iflands be fituated on theP Weft > of Europe, 
 
 ^South 3 
 
 ^Norihy are xht Scandinavian IJlandu 
 X C The Ijle of Ice-land. 
 
 db ihc^Wefti are^ The Britannick [of which already.] 
 ) cThe Azores, 
 
 C,Sottth, are thofe in the Mediterranean Sea, 
 
 Of which in their Order. 
 
 5 I. The Scandinavian IJlands, 
 
 C Sweden, 
 
 ^uch Iflands aie tfaole belonging to^ Denmarh 
 
 /^Norway, 
 
 TRugen ^- 1 f Bergen — --v 
 
 \Bornholm I f \ Rottomhy / 
 
 To Sweden 1 Oeland ~ I o | BorWm- V-^^ to N E. 
 
 arechiefly^i Gotblapd \'\i^m}Uy Z^-' '^''^ 
 
 thole of I Gifal ] .Si I Arnsherg — -,\ 
 
 I Dago — — I y I Vageroot =^ 
 
 ; I Aland —i ICaftleholmf Northward, 
 
 < . 1 a r„ SZeala$d, 
 
 T© 
 
part IL European tjlanh. a2f 
 
 f Zealand .T ( Copenhagen , Cui^itS-loB i\U i 
 
 I Funen . j „ j Odenfee ^"N 
 
 I Femeren- | U j Borge 7 ^f^Latan^i 
 
 t Alfen J ISonderhorg — < ^^Funerh 
 
 are chiefly^ f^'^.''^" Bronthem 
 
 J CAdjacenti ■* , 
 
 jJ^am^j'T^ H E S E Iflands afe term'd Scandinavians^ foirt the vaf& 
 j X ^enlnfula oi Scandia ox Scandinavia^ nigh unto v/hofe 
 
 iCoafts thole Iflands do generally lye. The Penlnfula it ifelf (men- 
 itinn'd both by Flmy and SoUnus under the fame Name) is probabi/ 
 taken from the fmall Province of Siveden, call *d Scania^ now more 
 commonly Schonen. As for the chiefeft of the Scandinavian Iflands, 
 •viz. Zealand [the ancient Cadononla of Pomponlus MeJa^out modern 
 Danijh Geographers would fain derive its Name from the great plen- 
 ty of Corn it produceth ; alledging that Zealand or Seehnd^ is only 
 a corruption of Sedland or Seedland. But others with greater fliew of 
 Probability, will have its modern Denomination to denote only a> 
 plat of Ground or Ifland furrounded v/ith the Sea. 
 
 The Schandl^a-vlan Iflands being ftrangely fcatter'd up and 
 down the Baltlque Sea, and the main Weflern Ocean, and thofe of % 
 ivery different make (fome being high and rocky, others low and 
 plain) the Teniperature of the Air can't be expefted to be the fame 
 in all of 'em, eipecially as to Molfiure and Drlnefs. As touching Heat( 
 ^nd Cvldy it's much the fame with the Air of thofe Places on the ad- 
 jacent Continent that He under the fame Parallels of Latitude. 
 
 ^Oil.] The Soil of the Scandinavian Iflands is wonderfully diffe- 
 rent, fome of *em ^being very Fertile, and others extreamly Barrem 
 The Fertile Iflands are thofe of Z«4W, Gothland, Bmkolm, Funen, 
 Falfier, Laland, and the ^Tf^/?. In all, ormoftofem, is good Plenty 
 of Com, not only enough for their Inhabitants, but alfo a confider- 
 able Quantity for Tranfportation. They likewife abound with 
 good Pafturage, and breed vaft Numbers of Cattle. The Length of 
 the Days and Nights in the Scandinavian Iflands, is the very fame 
 tvith thofe Parts of ^andmm is felf, that lie mi^t the fame Pa- 
 xaileJs ot tatitHsic. - ^ ^ 
 
22S 
 
 European Iflands. Part IL 
 
 CoitlltlOtltiCS'*] The chief Commodities exported from the beft of 
 thofe iflandsy are Fifh, Ox- Hides, Buck-Skins, and Corn, particu- 
 larly Wheat, Barleyy Rye, and Oats. 
 
 ^^mt\pJl,} In the IJland Ween are yet to be feen the Ruins of an 
 ancient Obfervatory,ereQ:ed by 'Tycho'Brache, that flimous 'Damp Afiro-^ 
 nomer; one part whereof being formerly an high loz:;^}', was term'd 
 Vraniburg \ and the other a deep 'Dungeon., befet with Looking-Glajfesy 
 v/as named his Stelliburg. How neat this Ohfervatory was, when in- 
 tire, and how well ftock'd with Mathematical Injlruments, is now un- 
 certain ; but this, methinks, is pretty certain, \.\\:iX.ih^ IJl.wdWeen 
 (with fubmiffion to better Judgments) was none of the fitteft for 
 Agronomical Ohfervations of all forts [fuch as the taking the exaft 
 time of the rifing and fetting of Cceleftiat Bodies, together with their 
 Amplitudes] becaufe the IJand lies low, and is Land-loclc'd on all 
 Points of the Compafs fave three ; being hemm'd in by the Srvedip 
 and Danip Coafts from S. to E. quite round to S. S. W. as I particu- 
 larly took notice of, Anno 1 700. (having then occafion to be upon the 
 JJland) befides the fenfible Lznd-IIur'izon of the Ween is extreamly 
 uneven and ruggid ; the North and Eafiem Parts thereof being 
 fome rifing Hills in the Province of Schoneny and the Wefievn Part is 
 moftly ov'erfpread with Trees on the Ijland Zealand^ from the re- 
 moteft of whofe Coafts the Ween is not diftant above three Leagues. 
 J^jigh to the IJle Hitter en, on the Norvegian Coaft, is that dreadful 
 Whirlpool, commonly called the Navel of the Sea: But of it al- 
 ready, when treating ohNorway. As for the Rarities of the IJland 
 Zealand (particularly thofe in the Muf^um Regium, at Copenhagen) 
 Vid. Denmarh 
 
 SHrtPiffjCy^lCfts?, &cO vid. Sweden, DenmarJi, and Norway. 
 
 KSKtannet^.] The Scandinavian IJlands that are aaually inhabited, 
 are gcneraliy peopled from the neareft part of the Continent, and 
 are therefore ftock'd either with Swedes, Danes or Norvegians. What 
 the particular Genius of each of thofe Nations is, has been already 
 declared, when treating of the various Kingdoms of 5<;«w^/iw«w^, to 
 which 1 remit the Reader. 
 
 ^anijuaae.] what hath been juft now faid of the Inhabitants of 
 the Scandinavian IJlands, in reference to their Manners, the fame may- 
 be affirmed of them with relation to their Language. 
 
 (©OiJCrnment.] The Scandinavian IJlands belonging to Sweden^ 
 Ve^mai% or Norway, do own Subjeaioa either t<5 his S'lvedijl or P^- 
 
Part IL European IJlands, 229 
 
 i7ljh Majefty ; and the moft confide rable of 'em are accordingly ruled 
 by particular Governors, either appointed in, or fenX to 'ejn by the 
 two Northern Qouxis oi Su-eden and Bejtmark, 
 
 ^ritliEi,] Vid. Scandinavia, 
 
 ItCfigfon.] Thofe cf the Scandinavian IJlands that are a&ually in- 
 habited, being peopled ('as aforefaid) tithtt (tovaSnveden^ Denmark. 
 cr Norway j and Lutheranifm being the only eftablifh'd Religion in 
 thofe Kingdoms, the Inhabitants of thofe IJlands maybe generally 
 reckon'd to profefs the fame Religion. The particular Time when 
 each of 'em receiv'd the Light of the blefled Gofpel is uncertain. 
 
 § 2. The JJle of Ice-htid. 
 
 ||ame»]] "T^ H I S IJland (taken by fome for the much controverted 
 X ^j^'a/ecfthe Ancients) is term'd by the Italians, IJlanda- 
 by the Spaniards, 1'ierra elada ; by the French, IJlande ; by the QermanSy 
 IJland ; and by the Englijl), Ice-land ; fo call'd, from the abundance of 
 Ice wherewith 'tis environed for the greateft part of the Year. 
 
 3lliC.] By reafon of the frozen Ocean furrounding this IJland, and 
 the great Quantity of Snow wherewith 'tis moftly covered, the Ait 
 muft of neceflity be very fharp and piercing, yet abundantly health- 
 ful to breathe in, efpecially to thofe who are accuftomed with th^t 
 cold Climate. The oppqfite Place of the Globe to Ice-land^ is that 
 part of the vaft Antarftick Ocean, lying between i6z and 172 De- 
 grees of Longitude, with 60 and 70 Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 ^OiL] Confidering only the Situation of Ice-land (it lying In th« 
 iSth, 19th, 20th, and 21ft North Climate) we may eafily imagine 
 the Soil is none of the beft. In fome Parts where the Ground is 
 level, there are indeed feveral Meadows very good for Pafture, but 
 clfewhere the IJland is incumber'd either with vaft Defarts, barren 
 fountains, or formidable Rocks. So deftiture of Grain is' it, that 
 the poor Inhabitants grind and make Bread of dry'd Fifh- bones. In 
 the Northern Parts they have the Sun for one Month witho^t Setting, 
 and want him intirely another, according as he approacheth ?he tw» 
 Tropicks. 
 
 <3lommoti(t«j3.] From this cold and barren IJland aye yearly ex- 
 ported Fifli, Wbale-OyI, Tallow, Hides, Brimftone, and white 
 Foxes Skins, which the Natives barter with Strangers for NecefiT^ries 
 
EuYoj^ean IJlands, 
 
 Part IL 
 
 II?arittCjtJ,] Notwithftanding this IJland doth lie in fo cold a Cli- 
 mate, yet in it are divers hot and fcalding Fountains, y^ith Beda^ a 
 terrible V^lcano^ -which (tho' always cover'd with Snow up to the 
 very Top) doth frequently vomit forth Fire and Sulphurous Matter 
 in great abundance ; and that fometimes with fuch a terrible roaring, 
 that the loudell Claps of Thunder are hardly fo formidable. In the 
 Weftern Parts cf the IJland is a Lake of a petrefying Nature ; and 
 towards the Middle, another which commonly fends up fuch a pefti- 
 lentious Vapour, as frequently kills Birds that endeavour to fly over 
 it. Some alfo write of Lakes on the Tops of Mountains, and thofe 
 ■well ftored with Salmon. 
 
 511tCfjl3i(b01??iC'!^^, &c.] In this IJland are two Tiamjl} Bifhopricks^ 
 sjiz. thofe of Schalholt and Hola» Archbifhopricks and Univeifities, 
 jione. 
 
 JliEann^r^O The lu-landers (being Perfons of a middle Stature, 
 but of great Strength) are generally reckoned a very ignorant and 
 fuperftitious fort of People. They commonly live to a great Age, 
 and many value themfelves not a little for their Strength of Body, 
 Poth Sexes are much the fame in Habit, and their chief Imploy- 
 ment is Fifhing- 
 
 ltaniJUflfl[?*3 The Danes here refiding do ufually fpeak as in Den- 
 mark. As for the Natives, they ftill retain the old GotUck Tongue. 
 
 (©Otiernmeilt] This IJland being fubje£l: to the BaniJ!} Crown, is 
 govern'd by a particular Vice-Roy, fent thither by the King of Deri' 
 tnarky whofe Place ef Refidence is ordinarily in BeJiode Cafiie. 
 
 ^rm.^,] For Arms, Wid. Denmark, Page 71. 
 
 fteligitjn.] The inhabitants of this IJland, who own Allegiance to 
 the Danijb Crown, are generally the fame in Religion with that pro- 
 fefs'd in Denmark; as for the unciviliz'd Natives, who commonly 
 abfcofid in Dens and Caves, they ftill adhere to their ancient Idola- 
 try, as in former Times. When Chriftianity was firft introduced into 
 Jhis IJIandj is «ot very certain. 
 
 if 
 
Part Ih 
 
 European IJlandsl 
 
 § J. The e4zores, 
 
 I Found from E. to W. Chief 
 y Town of all, is Aiigra xa> 
 
 J 
 
 ^amejnpHESE Iflands Ctaken by feme for the C4lJ/Vffr«fe; of 
 X Ptolemy) are tertn'd by the haliansy Flander'ue Ifola \ by 
 the Spaniards, Los Azores ; by the French, Les Azores ; by the Ger- 
 mans, Ilanderfche InfuUn 5 and by the Bnglip, the Azores ; fo called 
 by their Difcoverers (ihe Pertuguezfi) from the abundance of Hawks 
 found in them. By others, they're term'd the iTerceres, from tho 
 Ifland ^ercera, being chief of all the reft» 
 
 3lllC»3 The Air of thefe Iflands inclining much to Heat, is tolera- 
 bly good, and very agreeable to the Portugueze. The oppofite Placer 
 of the Globe to the Azores, is that part of Terra Aufiralis Incognita^ 
 lying between the 148 and 158 Degrees of Longitude, with 35 afld' 
 41 Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 i^Oil.] Thefe Iflands are blefs'd with a very fertile Soil, produ- 
 cing abundance of Grain, Wine, and Fruit, befiAes great plenty of 
 Wood. The length of the Days and Nights in the i^a^om, is the 
 fame as in the middle Province^'of Spain, lying under the fame Pa- 
 rallels of Latitude. 
 
 CflmmODttiejS.] The chief Thing exported from thefe IJlands, is 
 Oad for Diers, and that in great abundance, together with variety of 
 choice Singing' Birds. 
 
 0aritie^.] Here are feveral Fountains of hot Water, and one in 
 Itercera of a petrefying Nature. The Ifland Tercera is alfo remark- 
 able for being the Place ot the firft Meridian, according to fome 
 modern Geographers. In the Ifland Pico is the Pic of St. George^ 
 (hom whence the Ifle derives its Name) which is a Mountain of a 
 prodigious height, being commonly cUeem'd almoft as high as tht 
 temous iic of Teperiff, 
 
 ^They are in 
 
 rSt. Michael — 
 St, Maria 
 Tercera 
 Gratia fa 
 
 Number St. George — 
 
 t/iz, 1 Pico 
 
 iFyal 
 
 I Ilores 
 
 Cmrvo 
 
 1- 
 
f^-^i -European IJlands. Part II. 
 
 3ilrCpifb0P2iiii!3, &c.] Here is one Bifboprick, viz. that of An- 
 graf under the Aichbifliop oi Lisbon. 
 
 liEanntC^.] The inhabitants of thefe IJlands being Portugueze, are 
 jnuch the fame in Manners with thofe on the Continent. ■ 
 
 S.an3Uai![C.3 The Tortugueze here refiding do ftill retain and 
 fpeak their own Language. 
 
 <J50tternment.] Thefe IJlands being inhabited and pofTefTed by 
 the PoYtuguezBt are fubjeft to the Grown of Portugal, and rul'd by 
 a particular Governor fent thither from that Courc, who ordinarily 
 tefides at Angra in Genera. 
 
 Itelfgionj The inhabitants of thefe Iflands being Portugueze (as 
 aforefaid) flick clofe to the Roman Religion, and that in its groffeft 
 Errors, as univerfally profeffed, and by Law eftabhfti'd, in the King- 
 dom of Portugal. 
 
 o 
 
 § 4. Mediterranean IJlands, 
 
 N the South o£ Europe are the IJlands of the Mediterranean Sea : 
 The chief of which arc thefe following. 
 
 'if Majorca — — T fldem 
 
 1 Minorca — 
 TCvica — 
 
 ^ (Idem 
 
 j Citadella jLying E. of 
 
 ] ^''f'^!*. [& 1 l^f'f". "iLyingS. o^Gemua. 
 
 •■^-^ Sardinia YlJ^ ■^Caghan J ° 
 
 Sicily 
 
 1 Malta — 
 Candia — * 
 
 I \,Cy^rus J 
 
 Idem- 
 '[l^icojla ' 
 
 Of all which in Order, beginning with 
 
 Majorca^ Minorca^ and Tvica, 
 
 ^amc.lrr A C H of xhde JJlands hath almoft the fame modern Ap- 
 pellation among the Italians, SpaniardSiFrenchf Germany, 
 aod EngliJh 5 and were all kno^n of old by the Name of Balearei, 
 
 - which 
 
Part II. EuYOfean Ijlands, 2jj 
 
 which is deriv'd from JSjikKtiv, fignifying to B.wt of Threw, becaufe 
 their Inhabitants were famous for their Dexterity in throwing Stones 
 with a Sling. 
 
 5tir.] The Air of thefe l(lands is much more temperate to breathe 
 in, than any where on the adjacent Continent, being daily fann'd 
 by cool Breezes from the Sea. The oppofite Place of the Globe to 
 thcBaleares, is that part of the Pacifick Ocean, between 183 arid 
 18S Degrees of Longitude, with 35 and 40 Degrees of South Lati- 
 tude. 
 
 ^Oil.] The two former of thefe Ijlands are fomewhat Mountain- 
 ous- and Woody, but the laft is more plain, and extremely fertile, 
 both in Corn, Wine, and divers forts of Fruits; It like wife fo aboun<i- 
 eth with Salt, that divers neighbouring Countries are fupply'd from 
 thence. 
 
 CommOditiC^.l From thefe Ijlands are exported to fev^ral Par^s 
 ofEuropey Salt, Wine, Brandy, CoraJ, with variety of Fruits, Qpc. 
 
 iHnritie.^.] On the Coafts; of Majorca is found abundance of excel- 
 lent Coral, for which the Inhabitants frequently fifli with good Suc- 
 cefs. Tvica is faid to nourifh no noxious Animal, and yet FoYmen- 
 tera (an adjacent IJland, and one of the Baleares) is fo infefted with 
 Serpents, that the fame is uninhabited. 
 
 ^CCl}tJlfl)0P?iCft!3.] In thefe Ijlands is one Bifhoprick, viz. that of 
 Majorca ('under the Archbifhop of Terragon) where is alfo a famous 
 Univerfity. 
 
 JEanner^.] The inhabitants of thefe Ijlands being Spaniards^ ate 
 much the fame in Manners with thofe on the Continent. 
 
 %an0Uage.] What was juft now faid of the Spaniards on thefe 
 IJlandt in refped of Manners^ the fame may be afl&rm'd of 'eiii in 
 point of Language. 
 
 ^OtJCtnmcnt.] Thefe Ijlands being annex'd to the Crown olSpaln^ 
 are ruled by one or more Governors, fent thither by his Catholick 
 Majefty, and generally renew every third Year. 
 
 Beltjjion.] The Inhabitants of thefe Ijlands being SpaniardSf are 
 all of the Roman Communion, aft4 bigotted Zealots for the Popifii 
 
5^/^ Eum^ean Ifiands. . Part IL 
 
 PoEtriiie, as elfewhcre on the Continent. They receiv'd the Light 
 of the Blej[ed Go/pel much about the fame time with Spain. 
 
 CORSICA and SARDIGNIJ. 
 
 JliamCO "npHe former of thefe Iflands fcall'd firft by the Greeh, 
 ^ 'Tercepne^ and afterwards Cyrney from Cyrnus, reckon'd 
 byfome a Son o{ Hercules) is now term'd Corjica^ from Corf a Bubut- 
 eay a certain Woman of Liguriay who is faid to have led a Colony 
 out of that Country hither. And the other (according to the Opi- 
 nion of its Inhabitants^ is call'd JW/^wMjfrem Sardusy another Sofl 
 Hercules, who, they fay, was the firft that fettled a Colony there- 
 in, and gave it this Name iu Memory of himfelf. 
 
 ^itr] The Air of thefe Iflands is nniverfally reckon'd to be very 
 ^ohealthful, efpecially that of Cory?r**, which is the Reafon of its 
 Veing fo thinly inhabited. The oppofite flace of the Globe so 
 them, is that part of Nova Zelandiay or adjacent Ocean, between 
 ^91 and 197 Degrees of Longiiijde, with 57 and 43 Degrees of 
 €Guth Latitude. 
 
 i|>tiil.3 Thefe Iflands differ mightily in Soily the former being (fox 
 the mort part ) very ftony, full of Woods, and lying uncultivated ; 
 tut the other very fertile, affcrding abundance of Corn, Wine, and 
 Oil, &c. The length of the Days and Nights in thefe Iflands, is 
 the fame as in the Middle and Southern Parts of S^ain^ 
 
 CommOtlitie^.] The chief Comnwdiiies exported frem thefe 
 Ifiands, are Corn, Wine, Oil, Salt, Iron, and feveral forts of Fruits, 
 ^fpecially Figs, Almonds, Chefnuts, &c. 
 
 BaritiC.^.] in feveral parts of Covjica is found a Stone, ('commonly 
 call'd Catochtte) which being handled, fticks to the Fingers like Glue. 
 Sardignta is faid to harbour no venomous Creature, no, mt any no- 
 xious Animal, fave Foxes, and a little Creature nam'd SoUfugay which 
 xefembks a Frog. Thofe Animals call'd Mafrones^ or Majhioms, 
 are peculiar to this Ifiand.. 
 
 ^rcpi(l}0p?iclt^.3 Jrchh}fi>cfruhsy are CagUariy Caffari, and Okt 
 Pagniy all in Sardigriia, 
 
 SBijljOpjiCfiS?.] Bi^ooprichy are thofe cf Nebbioy Ajazzo, Mariana^ 
 -Alieriay Sagomty Accia, all inCorfica (whereof the four laft are 
 now ruin'd} to!?ether with VtHa d' kHa^ Bofa^ and. AlgTieri^ in Say 
 ■Jigma, ■ • f^'^ 
 
Part II. European IJlands. 
 
 ISnitserjitiesf,.] Here is only one UmvevJItyy -viz. that o^Cagliari, 
 
 |lilanner5.n] ThelnhabitantsofCoK/f^^arereputed (for the genera- 
 lity of cm) a cruel, rude and revengeful fort of People i a People fo 
 given to Piracy in former times, that many think the Name of Corf airs 
 is derived from them. As for the Inhabitants o(Sardignia, they be- 
 ing moftly Spaniardi, are much the fame with thofe in Spain. 
 
 language*] Languagesherein uk ate the Spanip and Italianf the 
 former in Sardignia^ and the latter in Corjlca, but mightily Mended 
 one with another. 
 
 <0Otiernmcnt.3 The Ifle of Corjtca being fubjeft to the Genoefesy is 
 rul'd by a particular Governor (who hath for his Affiftance, one 
 Lieutenant, and feveral CommifTariesJ fent thither by the Republick 
 
 Genoa, and renew'd once in two Years; and Sardignia being in 
 the Polfeffion of the Spaniard) is governed by a Vice-Roy, appoint- 
 ed by his Catholich Majefty, and renew'd every third Year. 
 
 fJcIigiOili.j The Inhabitants of both thefe Iflands adhere to the Ro- 
 w<TwChuich in her groffeft Errors, and receive, with an implicit Faith, 
 whatever {l)e teaches; and correfpondent to their Principles is their 
 Pradlife, efpccially in Sardignia^ where the People are fogrofly immo- 
 ral, as ufually to dance and fing prophane Songs in their Churches im- 
 mediately after Divine WorfLip. The Chriitian Faith was planted 
 here much about the fame time with the Northern Parts oi Italy, 
 
 SIC ILT. 
 
 DatnC.]" f '^His Ifland (oi o\d Sicania t Trinacria, ixnd1'riquetra)va 
 X term'd by the Italians and Spaniards^ Sicilia ; by the 
 Frenchy Sicile ; by the Germans, SiclUen ; and by the Englijh, Sicily, 
 Irs Name is deriv'd horn 5i{c«/i (an ancient People in Latium) who 
 being driven from their Country by the Aborigines-^ were forc'd to 
 feek for new Habitations, and accordingly came over to Sicania, 
 (headed, as forae alledge, by one Siculus) which from them acquired 
 It new Name, viz, thar ot Sicily, 
 
 MVC] No Ifland in thefe Parts of the World enjoys a purer and 
 more healthful Air than thi$ does, The oppofite Place of the Globe 
 to Sicily, is that p.ut of Nova Zelandia^hetv^een 197 and 202 Degrees 
 of Longitude ; with 54 and 38 Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
European IJlands. 
 
 Part n. 
 
 , Fully anfwerable to the Healthfulnefs of the Air^ is the 
 
 Fertility of the Soil, feveral of its Mountains being incredibly fruit- 
 fol, even to the very Tops. The length of the Days and Nights 
 here is the fame as in the Southern Provinces of Spah^ they boch ly- 
 ing under the fame Parallels of Latitude. 
 
 Commotiitie^?.] The chief Commodities of this Ifland are Silks, 
 Wine, Honey, Sugar, Wax, Oil, Salfron, and tnany Medicinal 
 Drugs, S(=f, 
 
 ^ Santl'ei^.] Near to znclcnt Syracu/ey are fome Subterranean Cavi- 
 ties, where Dhnyjius the Tyrant fhut up his Slaves. Over thefe Ca- 
 vities was his Palace ; and being anxious to over-hear what his Slaves 
 fpoke among themfelves, here is ftill to be feen a Communication 
 between the aforefaid Cavities and his Palace, cut out of the firm 
 Rock, and refembling the interior Frame of a Man's Ear, which 
 makes fuch a carious Eccho, that the leaft Noife, yea, articulate 
 "Words and Sentences, when only whifper'd, are clearly heard. Here 
 alfo is a large 1'heatre of the fame Tyrant, cut out of the firm Rock. 
 Known all the World over is that hideous Volcmo of this Jfland, the 
 famous lAonntJEtna (now M.Gibel) whofe fudden Conflagrations, 
 3nd fulphurous Eruptions, are fometimes moft terrible and deftru- 
 flive ; witnefs thofe wjiich hap'ned in the Year 1669. and more late- 
 ly, 4wK. 169^. For a particular Defcription of this remarkable 
 Mountain, and all other noted Vo/crt:wo's in the World, vid. Botton 
 heonUms Pyrologia '■Typographic a, 
 
 3iiCCpi(l)0J?en'c!fe.^.] In this Ifland are Three Archbipopricksy viz. 
 thofe of 
 
 Vakrmoy Mejjtnay Mont-Real. 
 
 2Si(Tbop^lCli|j.] Here like wife are feven B/popr/cks;, viz. thofe of 
 
 Syracufe, Cefakdij St. Marco ^ Id^zara, 
 
 Catanay ^^tiy Gergentyy 
 
 IUnit3eC{ltiC.i?.3 Here is only one Vniverfttyy viz. that of Catana. 
 
 The Sicilians being moftly Spaniards, are much the 
 i2Lmc in Mariners mthihoic'm Spam, only with this Difference, that 
 £hey merit (according to fome^ a blacker Cbarafter than a Native 
 Spamardk 
 
Part 11. EuYQ^!an Ijlands. 
 
 SanguailC.] The ordinary Language of the Sicilians is Spani^^ 
 which iscwnmonly us'd, not only by the Spaniard:, butalfo Perfons 
 of all other Nations, reiidingin this Ifland. 
 
 450tiCrnmentO This Ifland belonging to the Spaniard ^for which 
 he docs Homage to the Pope) is rul'd by a particolar Vice-Roy. 
 appointed and fent thithef by his Catholick Majefty, whofe Govern- 
 ment (as moft other of the %w//7j Vice-Koys; is Triennial, and 
 Place of Refidence Falcrn'o. 
 
 ^mi.l For ArmSf vid. Spain, Pag. 145. 
 
 CtCfigion.] The BeVnyic'n here eftablifh'd and puhlicldy profefs'J, 
 is the fame as in Italy and Spaiv. This Ifland receiv'd the Light of 
 the Blefled Gofpel in the earlicft Ages of the Church* 
 
 3i ALT A. 
 
 |5ame.] T^His ifland (known formerly by the fame Name, or 
 X MelHa) i« term'd by the Frew^, Make ; by the High- 
 GeYmansy Maltle ; by thee Italians^ Spaniards, and En^lijl}, Malta- 
 Why fo call'd, is not fullly agreed upon among Criticks ; yet moft 
 affirm, that its Name of Melita came from Mel, upon the Account 
 of a great Plenty of Hone-y in this Ifland. 
 
 Stir.] The Air of this Ifland is extremely hot and flifling, the ma- 
 ny high Rocks towards the Sea, obftrufting the Benefit of cool Bree- 
 xcs from the furrounding Ocean. The oppoflte Place of the Globe 
 to Malta, is that part of ]S[o-ija Zehwdia, between 198 and 202 De- 
 grees of Longitude, with 32 and 34 Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 ^Oil.] This Ifland can lay no juft Claim to an Excellency of Soil ; 
 itbeingextremely dry and barren, and much encumbred with Rocks. 
 It aftordeth little Corn or Wine, but is fupply'd from Sicily of both. 
 The length of Days and Nights in Malta, is the fame as in the 
 Southmofl Part of Spai77. 
 
 Cmmm^itit^'] Malta being a Place no ways remarkable for 
 Trade, its Commodities are very few : the chief Produft of the Ifland 
 being only Cummin-feed, Anni-fecd, and Cotton- wool. 
 
 Ilacitie.^.] Worthy of Obfervation, is St. John's Ghurcb, Vilth its 
 rich and rnagnificeat Veftry ; as alfo the Obfeivatory, Treafury and 
 
 X aiacc 
 
23! European IJlands. Part IL 
 
 Palace of the Grand Matter. The Inhabitants prerend that Malts 
 hath entertain'd no venonrous Creature fince the Days of St. Pauly 
 •who Tthey fay) bleffed this Ifland, upon the fhaking off the Viper 
 from his Hand into the Fire. 
 
 S^iifilop^WO Here are two Bi[J}oprkksy -viz. thofe Mahay and 
 C'tttay or Civita Vecchia. Anhbipoprich and UmverJltieSy none. 
 
 H^anncr^.] The inhabitants of this Ifland (not reckoning the 
 Slaves) are for the moft part very civil and courteous to Strangers ; 
 and follow the Mode of the Sicill'ins in Habit. They alfo refemble 
 the Sicilians in fome of their worll Qualities, being extreamly Jea- 
 tous, Treacherous, and Cruel. 
 
 ^tanguaseO A corrupt Arahklz doth here mightily prevail, be- 
 ing hitherto preferved by the frequent Supplies of Tiurks taken and 
 brought in from time to time. But the Knights, and People of any 
 Note, underftand and fpeakfeveral European Languages; particu- 
 larly the Italiany which is authoriz.'d by the Government, and us'd 
 in Publick Writings. 
 
 45tlbetmiieUt.] This ifland after many Turns of Fortune, was pre- 
 fented by the Emperor Charles V. to the Order of the Knights of St» 
 ^ohit of Hierufalemy whofe Place of Refidenceit hath hitherto been, 
 ilnce the Lofs of Rhodes ; and is now govern'd by the Patron of that 
 Order, ftil'd the Grand Mafier of the Hofpital of St. John of Hierufa- 
 Menty and Prince of Mahay Gaulsy and Goz^t. The Knights did for- 
 merly confift of eight different Languages or Nations (whereof the 
 Snglifh was the Sixth) but now they are only Seven. 
 
 ^rms5.] For Jrms the Great Mafterbeareth a White Crofs (com- 
 toionly call'd the Crofs of JerufaUm) with four Points. 
 
 Ueligion.] The Eftablifli'd Religion in Malta is that of the Church 
 t)f Romcy which is made effential to the Order ; no Perfon of a dif- 
 ferent Perfuafion being capable to enter therein. Thislfland receiv'd 
 Blelfed Qofpel in the Apoftolick Times. 
 
 CJNT>IA 
 
 (pant$.3 TT^His Ifland (the famous Crete of the Ancients) is 
 X tetm'd by the French, Candle; by theGermans, Can- 
 dUft 3 hy the Italians, Spaniards, and Englifljy Candia: So call'd from 
 its chief Town Candle, built by the SaraceffSy who from their new 
 Town gave the Ifland » new Name, 
 
Part II. 
 
 European Jjlands* 
 
 3Sir.] The Air of this Ifland Is generally rcckon'd very Tempe- 
 rate and Healthful to breathe in ; but the South- Winds are fometintic* 
 fo boifterous, that they much annoy the Inhabitants. The oppofitc 
 Place of the Globe to Canii^^ is that part of the vaft Pacifick Ocean, 
 between 215 and 218 Degrees of Longitude, with 34 and 57 Ete- 
 grees of South Latitude. 
 
 ^Oil.] This Ifland is bleft with a very rich and fertile Soil^ prodak 
 cing in great abundance, both Corn, Wine, Oil, and moft forts of 
 exceilencFruits. The length of the Days and Nights in C.?7;fi?/<j: is the 
 fame as in the Northmoft Parts of Barbar^^ \ of which afterwards. 
 
 CommOti-itieiS.] The chief Commodities of this Ifland, are Mufca- 
 <!el-Wine, Maltnfey, Sugar, Sugar-Candy, Honey, Wax, Gura, O- 
 lives, Dates, Raifins, Sfc- 
 
 Jiaritie^.] North of Mount P/i/wi/i Cthe famous M .Wrf^ is a 
 markabls Grottdvig out of the firm Rock ; which divers of our Mo- 
 dern Travellers wewld faim perfuade themfelves to be fome Remain* 
 of King Minos's Labyrinth;, fo much talk'd of by the Ancients. 
 
 SBiHlOpjlCft^, &c.] Before the "iturkijl} Conquefts of this Iflandb 
 there was one Archbifliop, who had 9 Suffragans ; but fince thay 
 changed their Mafters, th^ number of fuch Ecclefiafticks is neithec 
 lixt ncr certain. 
 
 ij^annec^.] The Inhabitants of this Ifland were formerly given tcy 
 Piracy,Debaucfaery,and Lying, efpecially the laft ; and fo noted were 
 shey for the fame, that a notorious Lie was commonly term'd Menda-- 
 dim Cretenfe. For this deteftable Vice they were reproach'd by one 
 of their own Poets, Epimenides, out of whofe Writings the Apoftle 
 citeth thefe Words, Kf«TS< "^^surei/, Tit, 1. 12. Their Experience 
 in Maritime Affairs was indeed very great, and they're reprefented 
 as a very confiderable People among the Ancients for their Skill in 
 Navigation. The prefent Inhabitants being l^urh and Greeks^ their 
 felpe£tive Charafters are already given, P<?ff. i8o, 187. 
 
 Sliinguag?.] hangmges here in ufe are the vulgar Qreek and Ti/rS- 
 ij];, efpecially the former ; the number of Qreeks en the Ifland being 
 far greater than that of the Turh^ For 3 Specimen of wUich Lan- 
 guages, vid, pag, 181, and 188. 
 
 ^QtJernment.] This ifland, after a bloody and tedious War oC" 
 T\vei3ty Fo«t "XgaiSj between the THrks and V«p«tlanSf was at laft 
 
 ..... ^. ^ ^ 
 
S40 European Ifiands, Part IL 
 
 conftrain'd to fubmit to the 0«oOT<Tw Yoak, Anr. 166^. under which 
 it hath ever fince groan 'd, and is now govern'd by a Turhjb Sangi- 
 ack, -whofe Place of Refidence is ufually at Cavdy^ the Capital City 
 of the V/hole Ifland. 
 
 ^rttljj.] See the Vamhlan Provinces, Fag. 18S. 
 
 Religion.] Chnfiianjtyy according to the Greek Church, is here 
 profefled by Toleration ; but Mahomet an'ifm is the Religion efta- 
 blifh'd by Authority. This Ifland receiv'd the Light of the Bleffed 
 Gofpel in the Apoftolick Age. 
 
 CTTRUS. 
 
 J^attlC] npHis Ifland ("known anciently by divers Names befides 
 jL the prefent ; particularly thofe of Acnmant'ts^ Ama-' 
 thufay AfpeliUy Cryptosy Serafiris, Macaria and JE.rofa) is term'd by 
 the Italians y Ifola di Cypro\ by thz Spanhirdsy Chypre ; by the French y 
 Cypre ; and by the Germans and Englijh, Cyprus ; fo call'd ( as moft 
 imagine) from KvzufQi [i. e. Cyprus] wherewith this Ifland did 
 mightily abound in former times. 
 
 ^I'C] There being feveral Lakes, and fome natural Salt-pits in 
 CypruSy from which abundance of noxious Vapours daily arife, thefe 
 intermixing tbemfelves with the Body of the Atmofphere, render 
 the Air very grofsand unhealthful to breathe in, efpecially during the 
 fultry Heat of Summer. The oppofire Place of the Globe to this 
 Ifland is that Part of the Pacifick Ocean, between i 17 and 2.23 De- 
 grees of Longitude, with 93 and 3 5 Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 ;^OlI-] Cyprus vizs formerly blefs'd with fo rich and fruitful a Soily 
 that from its Fertility, and feveral Mines found therein, the Greeks 
 beftowed upon this Ifland the defirable Epithet of i^Ax,a,piAy i. e. 
 Beata. But now 'tis remarkable for neither of thefe, efpecially the 
 former, being in moft Parts extremely barren, tho* commonly repre- 
 fented otherwife. The length of the Days and Nights in Cyprus is 
 the fame as in the Northmoft Parts of Barbary (of -which afterwards.) 
 they both lying under the fame Parallel of Latitude. 
 
 CnmmOiJitieiS.] The chief Commodities of this Ifland are Silk, 
 Cotton, Oil, Honey, Saffron, Rhubarb, Collicjuiiitida, Scammony, 
 Turpentine, black and white Allom, &c. 
 
tart It. 
 
 European tjlandi* 
 
 ViZniXt^.'] On the Eafternpart of' this tfland ftands the famous ta» 
 tnagoufia, remarkable at preftnt for its modern Fortificatiom; and 
 eterniz'd in Fame for the unfortunate Valour of the VenetianSy Ann* 
 1571. under the Command of Signior Bragadino, againft the furious 
 Affaults of iSf/ywwj II. with his numerous Army, condufied by Pi»/i 
 and Mujiapha. (i.) No: far from the famous Famagoufia^ are the 
 Ruins of an ancient City; generally efteem'd to have been fi&4* 
 caU'd fortnerly Salamina^ and afterwards Confiantia ; which was ran- 
 
 1 fack*d by the ^ews^ in the rimelof the Eiilperor 'Trajan ; and finally 
 deltroy'd by the Saracens y in the Reign^of Beraclius. ( g.) Nigh that 
 Promontory ^ commonly call'd the Cape of Cats (hut formerly Curias ) 
 are the Ruins of a Monaftery of Greek Caloyersj which gave the Cape 
 its Name, from a remarkable Cuftom to which thefe Monks were 
 oblig'd, viz. Their keeping a certain number of Cats, for the hunt- 
 ing arid deftroying of many Serpents, that infefted thofe Parts of the 
 Ifland ; to which Exercife thofe Creatures are faid to have been fo 
 nicely bred, that at the firft Sound of the Bell they would give over 
 theirGame, and immediatelyto the Convent. (/^,) Inthe Maritime 
 Villages of Salines, is a ruinous Greek Church, where Strangers are 
 led into a little obfcure Tomb, which the Modem Greeks affirm tO 
 be the Place of L<a3:«rm's fecond Interment, (^.t Adjacent to Sa- 
 lines is a rematkable Lake, or natural Salt-pft,%fa confiderable Ex- 
 tent, whofe Water congeals into folid white Salt, by the Power ot 
 the Sun-beams. La/ly, In this Ifland is a high Hill Cthe Ancient 
 Olympus of Cyprus) called by the Franks, The Mountain of the Holy 
 Crofs; remarkable for nothing'at prefent, fave feveralMonafleriesof 
 
 j Greek Caloyers^ of the Order of St* Bafil. 
 
 . 3ilrCpi(Tbop^icfi^, &c.] Here is one Greek Archhijhop, who com- 
 I monly refideth nigh to Nicojia ; and three BifhopS, whofe Places of 
 Refidence are FaphoSy Larnica, and Cerines, , 
 
 I Jgtanner^.] This ifland being inhabited by Greeks and Mahome^ 
 tanSy efpecially the former, they being farfuperioar in number to the 
 Itutks, their refpeaive Charaacrs are already given (P.?^. 180, and 
 187.) to which I remit the Reader, 
 
 Xanyimge.] Languages here in ufe are the iTurhJh and Vutgaf 
 Greek, elpecially the latter ; but Lingua Franca is the Tongue they 
 commonly fpeak with Strangers, it being underllood and ufed by all 
 trading People in the Levant, 
 
 ©OtJernment.] This ifland hath been fubjea at different times to a 
 great many different Sovereigns^ particularly the Gtecians, Egyptians, 
 
 S Romans 
 
242 
 
 European Ijlands, 
 
 Part II. 
 
 Bomanst once the Englip (when conqucr'd by Richardl.) and laft- 
 ly the Venetians, from whom 'twas wrefted by the Turks^ Anno 1571. 
 under whoFe heavy Yoke it now groanerh^ and ruled by its particular 
 Ba ff \sho cxd\n!it\\y tt'^i^i[\ Vit Nicofia, > 
 
 2l!nil^"i3 f he Danuh lari Province&,' \page 1 88. 
 
 Iiditjion.y The Inhabiranysof tbis tflahd being Greeks and Turks^ 
 (as afbrefaidj the fo'rm'^f 'pr6'ftfs Chiiftia:nity, according to the Ter 
 fieK pFth^ Greek CUmh%vi\\\th. mayt)6 feen, />/?ffc 1 8a.] and the 
 \^lKt'M'ah6metanifm, dLtcotiib^ to their" ^/comw; for the principal' 
 Articles of which, vid.. page 189. As for the Franks here refiJing, 
 th^y make Profeflion of the refpeftive Religions of the Country fiom 
 whence' they came. This Ifland recei\/ed the Light of the Blefled 
 Gofpel in-the Apoftolick Age. 
 
 Other ohfervahle IJlands in ?/66?Mediterranean Sea,e2rtf 
 
 cent po 
 
 c 
 
 c 
 
 XN^gropont — ■) 
 'SfhUhiene - 7 
 Tenedo — y 
 [Mct'elijio 
 
 SdelJe- }~ 
 
 <| Sdmo- — ^' " 
 
 Lango — - 
 
 Rhodes • 
 
 Cerigo 
 
 Z<tnt — 
 
 Cephaloma 
 \So>jii — \ — — — — 
 
 fldem, adjacent po the E. of Greece, 
 ^Idem 
 
 Idem — ■ 
 ^ Idem- 
 
 v,H<.idem 
 
 .J 1 Inthe/f>'c/ip^/4gD,from 
 ; V~ ^ N. ro S. 
 
 Idem— ■■- 
 
 Idem, lying between C<««^/^/? and the Morea, 
 
 ^^^^a 1- I In the Ionian Sea, from 
 
 Argoph ^ 5^ 
 
 Lid em J 
 
 Somewhat of each of thefe, and in their Order. Therefore, 
 
 I. Negvopont (formerly Ei/^"^^ zr\^ Galas') is generally thought 
 to have been annexe to the main Continent) 3nd feparated there- from 
 by an Earthquake. Its Soil is very fruitful, and M. Carijlo is noted 
 foY excellent Marble, and the famous Stone Jmiaritos or Asbejios. 
 The whole Ifland is iubjeft at prefent.to the "Turks, and ruled by a 
 particular Bajfa^ who has alfo the Command of Achaia, and is Ad- 
 miral of the I'urkip Eieer. 
 
 If. St.'riimem (the ancient Lemnos, fo famou.s among the Poets) is 
 alfo fubjeft.to the Great "Turk'^ and obfervablc only for a kind of Me- 
 dicinal' Eaithj called formerly "Terra Lemniaf bur now Terra SigUlatay 
 
 becaufe 
 
Part II. European IJlands, 
 
 becaufe yearly gathered, and put up in little Sacks which are feal'd 
 with the Grand Seigniors Seal, otherwife not vendible to the Mer- 
 chant. 
 
 III. "Temdo, ox'TenedoSi an //7<tkc? ffluch nOted of old, as being de- 
 dicated to Apollo, and the Place where the Gr^ecims hid themfelves 
 ■when they feign 'd to have loft all Hopes cf raking TVt^y. It's now 
 in Poffeffion of the "Turks, and rerparkable for nothing at prefeiic, 
 except its excellent Mufcadine Wine. 
 
 IV. Metel'mo, [now fcarcely obfervable for any Thing, fave h§ 
 ancient Name of L^j/wj] which was the Birth-place of Sappho, the 
 Inventrefs of SappHck Verfe. *Twas for fome Tinne under the Fe«£" 
 tians, but now the 'I'urksy to whom it pays yearly the Sum of iSooo 
 Piafters. 
 
 V. Scio, alizs Chios, is an IJlavd of much E.equeft among the ^^yiiut, 
 for its great Plenty of M^Jlick, which is yearly gather'd by the 
 tznsBoflangis oxGardiners^ for the Ufeof tht Seraglio. 'Twas late-; 
 ly taken by the Venetians, who poflefled it bat a ihoft Tiftib. I 
 
 VI. 5Wtf//e is alfo in the Hands of the 'Turk, and famous for ho-i 
 thing at prefent, fave .only its ancient fnow corrupted j Narhe of 
 T>elos, and fome ftatcly Ruins of Apollo's Temple, fti'll vifible, with 
 thofe of a large T'j^e.'jsfj's, -dnd z Marble Portico, - . 
 
 VII. Samo. There's fcarce any IJland in the Archipelago thote fre- 
 quently mention'd by the Ancients, than this of 5/rw3, formerly 5/?- 
 mos. It went alfo by the Names of Parthenia, Anthemofa, Adelatn- 
 p^los, Vryuja, Cyparijfa, and feveral others. "Tis now fuhje^i fo 
 the Turlz, and hath Reafon to boaft of nothing fo miich, as having 
 been the Birth place of the famous Philofopher Pythdgoraa 
 
 VIII. Lango, formerly known by the Name of Co, Coa, or Cos, apdl 
 remarkable of old for the Temple of JEfcultpitis, and being the 
 Birth-place of Li)e renowned Hippocrates and Apelles. It belonged to 
 the Knights of Rhodes, but now to the Turks. 
 
 IX. Rhodes^ This [(land is famous all the World over, for that 
 huge Brazen Colojfus of the Sun, formerly here erefted, and defervecf- 
 ly reckon 'd one of the World's Wonders. The Inhabitants were like- 
 wife fo famous for their Skill in Navigation, that for fome Ages they 
 y/ere jt)ww^?;/ of thefe Seas, and made fo juft and excellent Lawi 
 in Maritime Affairs, as were afterwards efteem'd worthy of being ir- 
 corpcratcd in the Roman ?an'de6u. This IJland izker the Lofs of 
 
 S 2. yemjaleWi 
 
244 European IJlands, Part II. 
 
 yevufalem and St. John cCAcve) -was taken from the Saracens hy the 
 ^o/pi/^iZ/erj, or Knights of St. John, 1309. who continued Ma- 
 tters of it till 1522, -when Solyman II. conqiier'd it by the Treache- 
 ry of Amuratb a Fertugueze. Since which Time it hath owned the 
 Grand Seignior for its Sovereign, and is now ruled by a particular 
 Bajfa^ Cent thither from the Ottoman Port. 
 
 X. Cerigo (the Cy/z&fr*? of the Ancients) being z conCideiahh IJt and, 
 inhabited hy Greeh, and fubjeft to the RepuUickoi Venice, is govern'd 
 by a noble Venetian, in Quality of a l^roie i'or, who is renew 'd every 
 two Years. This Ifle producech fome excellent jVme, but in no great 
 Qiiantity. It's alfo ftock'd with ftore of good Venifon, and a Compe- 
 tency of Corn and Oil, fufficient for its Number of Inhabitants. The 
 Greeks here refiding, have the greater Veneration for this Place, upon 
 the Account of a vulgar Opinion now current amongthem, which is, 
 chat St. John the Divine began here to write his Apocalypfe. 
 
 XI. Zant (formerly Zacynthus) is another Ifland belon^^ing to the 
 Venetians, and one of the richeft in the Sty eights, abounding with 
 Wine and 0/7, but moflly noted for Currants, of which there is fuch 
 Plenty that many Ships are yearly freighted with them for divers 
 Vcttts oi Europe. And fuch Advantage is thzt Cm r ant -l^rade to the 
 Hepublick of Venice, that the Profits redounding fr©m thence, do 
 ferve Taccordingfto the Teftimony of a late Traveller ) to defray the 
 Charges of the Venetian Fleet. In this Ifland are feveral remarkable 
 Fountains, out of which there bubbles up a pitchy Subftance in great 
 Quantity. In the Monaftery of SanBa Maria de le Croce. is the 
 Tomb of M T. Cicero and lereniia bis Wife, with two feveral Infcrip- 
 tions (oneforhim, and the other for her j found upon a Stone, whick 
 fome time ago was dug out of the Ground, nigh the Place of the 
 aforefaid Tomb. The Inhabitants ( reckoning both Greeks ^nd Jews) 
 amount to about 20 or 25000, and. are govern'd by a noble Venetian^ 
 fent thither with full Power from the Senate. 
 
 XII. Cephalonia (or old MeUna, Taphos, ot Teleboa) is likcwife 
 under the State of Venice, and chiefly abounds in dry Raifins fwhich 
 the Venetians turn to good Advantage ) and excellent Wine, efpe- 
 cially Red Mufcadels, which many call by the Name of Luke-Sherry. 
 It hath its particular Pro'veditory whofe Government lafteth 32. 
 Months. This Ifland was beftow'd upon the Republick of Venice, 
 Anno 1224. t>y Gaio, then Lord thereof, but roaft,n'd by the Turks, 
 in 14 79. and poflefs'd by them till 1499. when driven thence by the 
 Venetians, who re-peopled it with Chxiftians, and afterwards forti- 
 fying the fame againft future Invafions, have hitherto continued 
 Matters thereof, 
 
 Laftly 
 
Part IL 
 
 European JJlands] 
 
 24? 
 
 Laftly, Cot-fu fforraerly Conyra) is blefs'd with a very healthful 
 Air, and fruitful Soil for Wine and Oil, but not for Corn, of which 
 the Inhabitants are fupply'd from the Continent. It belongs to the 
 Republick of FewVff, and is defervedly term'd, 'The ^ort of ^^eGulf, 
 and Barrier of Italy. The Government thereof is lodg'd in fix noble 
 Venetians^ whofe Power lafteth for the fpace of two Years. The 
 firft of thefe Noblemen hath the Title ©f Baily. The fecond, of 
 Proveditor and Captain. The third and fourth, of Counfellors. The 
 fifth, of Great Captain. And the fixth, of Cafielany or Governor 
 of the Ca^le de la Campana in the old Town. The Greeks are very 
 numerous in this Ifland, and have a Vicar-General, whom they ftile 
 troto 'Papa. In the Time of Solymav II. no lefs than 25000 IturJii 
 4 id land in Corfuy under the Command of the famous Barbaroffay yet 
 fuch was the Conduft of the wife Venetians, that they forced hira 
 to make a fhameful Retreat. 
 
 Toipeak more particularly of each of thefe IJlandsy and many 
 othefs, reducible to the two Clafles of Cydadesznd SporadeSy would 
 far" furpafs our de%n'<l Brevity. Conclude we therefore this tediou$ 
 SeOiion with the following Advertifement. That, whereas in treat- 
 ing of IJlands ( after we took leave of t^e Continent of Europe) I 
 efteem'd it moft metlhodical, to bring all thofe in the Mediteranean 
 Sea, under the Title .of European IJlands ; yet the Reader is hereby 
 defir'd to take Notice, that all of 'em arc not ufually reckon'd as 
 fuch ; the IJle of MaP.ta being generally accounted an African ; and 
 Cypruf with Rhodes among the AJlatick ; as are alfo feverai others oa 
 the Coaft of Natolta. 
 
 And fo much for Europe ^nd the European IJlands. Now fqlloweth. 
 
 CHAP. 
 
Part IL 
 
 o f 
 
 c 
 
 XT 
 
 tb 
 
 'rs 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 Of ASIA. 
 
 Pehn or Xuntlen. 
 
 u 
 
 '5-. 
 U 
 
 If^ahan. 
 
 To thefe acid the oAJIatick lfla?ids. 
 Of all which in Order. Therefore, 
 
 SECT. I. 
 Concerning %^t\M^^ 
 
 d. 
 
 fti. 
 
 « (Tu-^ 5 <Jo oo7 r, Length from E. to W. Is a 
 
 1^ ^between ^ 
 
 00/ f "'•^Bteadth from N. to S. is a- 
 
 6 oo5°^^=^^') ^ C bout 2250 Miles. 
 
Back of 
 Foldout 
 Not Imaged 
 
Part 11. 
 
 Tartary, 
 
 l^artary comprehends five great Parts. 
 
 Kathay — — J- f Chnmlalu—.'^ 
 Tiirkheflan / ^^"Thihet >From E. to W. 
 
 Zagathay ■ J Samxtchand 
 
 'art aria propria -'\lH ^ Mon^itl^ox lendtic ? From E. 
 '/trf^f)' the Dc fart v Cumbalich J toW. 
 
 ^amf .] "T^Artary [the greateft Part whereof is reckon'd the Scy- 
 ' ' X ^^^'^ Afiatica of the Ancients ; and now bounded on 
 
 the Eaft by Part of the Main Ocean ; on the Weft by Mufcovia ; on 
 the North by the iTartarian Ocean ; and on the South by Chir2a and 
 India} is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards, Tanaria; by the 
 Frenchy la "Tartarie-^ by the G«r»Z(«wj, 'Tartar[s,en'^ and bythe 
 l^artary: fo calld ^xovt\ 'Tartar ox Tatar ^ a River of that Couiitry, 
 which is faid to empty it felf into the vaft Northern Ocean. But 
 others chufe rather to derive the Name from Tatar or "Totary which 
 in the Syriack Language (ignifying a Remnant, imagining that th« 
 Tartars are the Remainders of thofe I/raelites, who were carried by 
 S aim an iyjfar'xrXo Media. It's ttvvadTartary the Great, todiftinguiih 
 is from the Lejfer in Europe. 
 
 ♦ The Air of this Country is very different, by Reafon of its 
 
 vart Extent from South to North; the Southmoft Parts thereof having 
 the fame Latitude with the middle Provinces of Spain, and the 
 Northmoft reaching beyond the Arfl:ick Polar Circle. What its 
 real Extent from Exfi to Wefi may be, is not certainly known as yet ; 
 only this we will affirm in general, that 'tis much lefs than com- 
 monly fuppofcd, if the Account given us by a late judicious Miffio- 
 nary fwho travelled from Mcfcovy to China, and mark'd the feveral 
 Stages^ fhall be found afterwards to hold true. The oppofite Place 
 of the Globe to Tartary, is part of the vaft Pacifick Ocean, as alfo 
 the Countries of C^i//, i'araguay^ and Terra Magellanica. 
 
 This vaft Country toward the Korth (k lying in the 6th, 
 7th, 8th, 9th, loth, nth, 12th, QPc. North Climate) is extremely 
 barren, being every where encumber 'd with unwholefome Marfhes, 
 and uninhabited Mountains i but in the Southern Parts, the is 
 indifferently good for Tillage and Grazing, efpecially the latter ; 
 and towards the Eaft 'tis reported to be abundantly fertile in Corn, 
 fwhereduly manur'd^ and feveral Sorts of Herbs, efpecially Rhu- 
 barb. The longett Day in the Northmoft Parts is about two Months, 
 ( tlx : Sun net fitting for that Time when near th^ Sqmmer Splfticc) 
 
 S 4 the 
 
24^ T(irtavy, Part XI. 
 
 the Ihorteft in the South moft is about Nine Hours and Three Quar- 
 ters, and the Nights propoxtionably. 
 
 CommOtiittfja.] The chief Cflw»z3rf;</V/ of this Country, are Sable, 
 Martins, Silks, Camlets, Flax, Musk, Cinnatpon, andvaft Quanti-r 
 ties of Rhubarb, S^f. 
 
 Hai'itie^.] in Lieu of the Retniies of this barbarous and little fre- 
 quented Country, we ^lay mention that prodigious Wall dividing 
 Tartary from China^ erefted by the Chinefes, to hinder the frequent 
 Incurfions of thejr unwelcome Neighbours, the Tartars ; 'twas com- 
 moiily reckon'd 500 German Leagues in length, 50 Cubits high in 
 moll Places, and 12 in breadth, The Time of its building is com- 
 uted to he about 200 Years before the Incarnation of our Blefled 
 aviour. By our lateft Relations of the St^te and Nature of this 
 Country, we find that fome remarkable Volcano's are to be feen ia 
 the North and Eafiern Parts thereof. 
 
 SllrcPillbopgicfe^, &c-3 ArcUifhopricht Blpopr'uksj XJnherpieSi in 
 this Country, none. 
 
 lEanneCjS.] The Tartarj are a People of a fwarthy Complexion, 
 ftrohg Bodies, and middle Stature. The Generality of 'em are Per- 
 fons of broad Faces, hollow Eyes, thin Beards, thick Lips, flat 
 Nofes, and ugly Countenances. In Behaviour they're very rude 
 and barbarous; commonly devouring the Flefh of their Enemies, 
 and^drinking their Blood, lb ibon as they are in their Power. Their 
 ordinary Food is Horfe-flefh, whiph they greedily tear and eat up 
 like fo many ravenous Vuliures. Their nianner of living is com- 
 monly in Tents in the open Fields, which they rernove frpip Place 
 to Place, according to the Time of the Year, and Conveniency of 
 Grazing. Many of 'em make excellent Soldiers, being not only wil- 
 ling and able to endure great Fatigues, but alio very dexterous and 
 daring in Time of Engagement. When they feem many times to 
 fly before their Enemies, they'll unexpeftedly fend back a dreadful 
 Shower of Arrows in the Faces of their Purfueis, and frequently turn- 
 ing about do ^ive 'em a violent Charge, and all without the leaft 
 Diforder. When their Great Cham dies, 'tis reported. That many 
 of his chief Officers are immediately killed, and interr'd with him; 
 thatthey may alfo attend him (asthey imagine) in the other Worldj 
 according to their refpe£iive Pofts here. 
 
 ^anfiUflge.J The Language ufed by the JJtatlcJ: Tavtars^ is not 
 much different from the Tartarefque^ fpoken by thofe oiGim Tarta- 
 ry (a Specimen of which is already given ia Europe) ^nd both h:^ve 
 a §reat Affinity with the Turhjfj. 
 
Part 11. Tartar). 
 
 <l5otiernment.] The vaft Body oitariafy is faid to be fubjcQ: to 
 feveral Princes, who are wholly accountable (in their Goveinment) 
 to one Sovereign, -who is commonly term'd the Great Chaniy whofe 
 Government is moft Tyrannical, and Crown Hereditary. The Lives 
 and Goods of his People are altogether in his Power. His Subjefts 
 ftile him the Sur; and Shadow of the Immortal God, and render hini 
 3 Kind of Adoration; never fpeakingunto him Face to Face, buC 
 falling down on their Knees with their Faces towards the Ground. 
 He looks upon himfelf as the Monarch of the whole World ; and 
 from that vain Opinion, is reported to caufe his Trumpets to fdund 
 every Day after Dinner; pretending thereby to give leave to all o- 
 ther Kings and Princes of the Earth to dine. For the better Ma- 
 nagement of publick Affairs, he's faid to appoint two Councils, 
 each confifting of 12 Perfons (the wifeft and beft experienced of 
 any that he can pitch upon) of which one doth conftantly attend 
 the Affairs of Stare, and the oihtx thofe which relate to the War. 
 Yet after all, there be many Things related of this mighty Cham^ 
 Avhich (tho' hitherto current) are look'd upon by forae judicious 
 Perfons, as Narratives that have a near Affinity unto the Legenda 
 Aurea of the Roman Church. 
 
 ^rmi3.3 The moft received Opinion about the Arms of the Great 
 Ch^im, is, tbarCas Emperor of ^r/7>-/;?yy) he bears, Or, znO\N\ Sable, 
 But what, as King ofChina^ fee the following Scftion, 
 
 Itetl'sion.] The Inhabitantsof this Country are partly Pagajifpart- 
 ly M'^ijometany and partly Chrifiian. iaganifm doth chiefly prevail in 
 the Norihmoft Parrs, the People being generally grofs Idolaters in thofe 
 Places. In the Southern Provinces they are (for the moft part ) Fol- 
 j lowers Mahomet's DoSrine, efpecially fince the Year 1^45. And 
 j towards the Cafpian Sea, arc found a confiderable Number of j^eiv^, 
 thought by fome to be the OlF-fpring of the Ten Tribes, led away 
 I Captive by Salmanajfer. Thofe of the Chriftian Religion (over 
 I grown of late by Nefiorianifrn) are fcatter'd up and down in feveral 
 Parts of this vaft Country, but moft numerous in Cathay y and the Ci- 
 ty of Cambalti, The Chriftian Faith was firft planted in this Coun- 
 I try ras is generally believ'd) by the Labours of St. Andrev; and St, 
 Ihltpy two of the Apoftles, 
 
 SECT. 
 
China. 
 
 Part II. 
 
 S p C T. II. 
 
 Concerning Cj^tttO^. 
 
 CO 
 
 .between 
 ^between 
 
 d. 
 
 98 
 121 
 
 20 
 41 
 
 00 
 00 ' 
 50' 
 10 
 
 of Lon 
 ofLa 
 
 Length from N. E. to S. W. 
 
 is about 1380 Miles. 
 Bread th from N. to S 
 
 about 1260 Mile s. 
 
 IS 
 
 China contains Sixteen Provinces. 
 
 f 6 North* 
 
 Xanfi 
 
 Boiiau 
 
 ,J «^ Nanking - 
 
 5:^ j j Cheh ■< ng - 
 
 j j I'okion 
 
 |_»oSouth«i Hitqua7ig- 
 Qu^intung 
 Sucheen — 
 Qjiekheu - 
 
 yunnan 
 
 {"Leacjang^- 
 
 Chinctn 
 
 Idem sVitct XutJtien 
 
 Sis: an 
 
 E. to W. 
 
 I IvH. :i\it.Kiaf7gna?7 ? "I 
 
 <j Htimchew ^:>^ ^ | 
 
 ' Nanchang 7 I 
 
 j Focheu — ^ 1 
 
 j Unchang • ? 
 
 QjiMcheu ■— 5 ' 
 
 Chingtu / j 
 
 Queiyang ^ 1 
 
 Quilin • J j 
 
 '[.Idem — J 
 
 E. to W.j 
 
 ^>IIXI,C.] f^HlNA (reckoird by moft Geographers the Country of 
 V-^ the ancient Sinxy mention'd by Ptolemy ; and now 
 bpiindcd on the Eaft by the Chinefian Ocean, on the Weft by part of 
 Indiity on the North by part of T><>-^i?r)', and on the South by part of 
 thc6/tentt'lOctm) isterm'dby zhcl'vench^ laChine; and by the /f^- 
 hr.r.'s, Spiwiavdiy Germans and Er.glipy China, j fo called Caccording 
 to" the beft Conje^iure) hosn one of hs ancient Monarchs, named Ci- 
 ri^, who is faid to have Jiv'd above fifry Years before the Nativity of 
 our BlefTed Saviour. Many other Names it hath had fince that Time ; 
 for u hen the Government falls from one Family to another, the firft 
 Prince of that Name is laid to give a new Name to the whole Coun- 
 try ; the lateft of v/hich modern Names, are 'Taniin, fignifying the 
 Kingdom of Brightnejs \ and Chtiinque^ i. e. The Kingdom of the 
 
 ' Middle; 
 
Part II. China, 251 
 
 Middle; the Chinefes imagining, that the Earth is fquare, and that 
 their Country is fituated exaftly in the Middle of it. 
 
 5Ilir.] The Air of this Country is generally very temperate, fave 
 only towards the North, where 'tis fometimes intol'ir.ibly cold, and 
 that becaufe of feveral Mountains of a prodigious Height, whofe 
 Tops are ordinarily cover'd with Snow. Tiie oppollre I'lace to Chlnx 
 is the South part of BrafiJ, together with the iiaft of Paraguay. 
 
 ;t)0il.] This Country (itlying in the 4th, 5th, 6th North Climate) 
 is for the moft part of a very rich and fertile Soil, infoi-ouch tliat its 
 Inhabitants in feveral Places are faid to have two, and fomctimes 
 ' three Harvefts in a Year. It abounds with Cum, Wine, and all kind 
 i of Fruits. Its Lakes and Rivers are very well furnifht with Fifli, 
 and fome afford various kinds of Pearls and Bcxoar of great Value. 
 Its Mountains are richly iin'd with feveral Mines of Gold and Silver. 
 Its Plains are extraordinary fit for Pafturage, and its pleafant Forefts 
 are every where ftored w, ith all forts of VAiifon. In a Word, the 
 whole Country in general is efteem'd one of the beftin the World. 
 The longeft Day in the Nfirchmofl- Parts is about Fourteen Hours and 
 Three Quarters, the flhoitcft in the Southmoft is about Ten Hours 
 and Three Quarters, amd the Nights proportionably. 
 
 «£omU10tiitiC;s5.] The Caww70i^/V/« of this Country are Gold, Silver, 
 Precious Stones, Quicksilver, Porcelane Dilhes, Silks, Cottons, Rhu- 
 (barb, Sugar, Camphirc, Musk, Ginger, C/j/»<i! wood, 
 
 I 
 
 I ItaritiCiS.] Peculiar to this Country is a fhort Tree, with a round 
 Head, and very thick, which in refpe^: of its Fruit may bearthe Name 
 of the Tallow'Tree^ for ata certain Seafon of the Year 'tis fullofFruit, 
 containing divers Kernels about the Bignefs of a fmall Nut, which 
 .Kernels have all the Qualities of Tallow, being the very fame, both 
 as to Colour, Smell and Confiftency, and by mixing a little Oil with 
 'em, make as good burning Catidles, as Ettrcpeans ufually make of pure 
 'Xallow it felf. C2O Here is-a large Mountain full of terrible Caverns, 
 in one of which is a Lake of fuch a Nature, thatif a Stone be thrown 
 into it, prefently there's heard a hideous Noife as of a frightful Clap 
 of Thunder, and foraetimes there rifes a grofs Mill, which immedi- 
 ately dilTolves into Water, fj.) In the City of Tekin is a prodigious 
 big Bell, weighing i20C)oo Pound, furpaihng the noted Bell of £'1'- 
 favd in IJpper Saxony, by 946:0 Pound ; in Dimenfion it's 1 1 Foot Di- 
 ameter, and 12 high, (4,) la Nunking is another of i r Foot high, and 
 7 in Diameter, and (weighing 50000 Pound, which alfo furpalTeth 
 the Bell of Erfurd, v/eigbing only 25400 Pound, yet hitherto fup- 
 pofed the greatcft in the Work! jhy almoft double its Weight. (^.) In- 
 . * China 
 
 \' 
 r 
 
2$ 2 Chbia, Part II. 
 
 China are feveral Volcano's ("particularly that Mountain call'd Line 
 fung) which vomits out Fire ami Afhes fo furioufly, as frequently 
 to raife fome hideous Tempefts in the Air. (6.) Here are feme Ri- 
 vers whofe Waters are cold at the Top, but warm beneath ; as alfo fe- 
 veral remarkable Fountains which fend forth ft) hot a Stream, that 
 People ufually boil Meat over theju. C 7-) In this Country are feve- 
 »al Lakes, remarkable for changing Copper into Iron, or making it 
 pft of the fame Refemblance ; as alfb for caufing Storms when any 
 Thing is thrown into tljcm. (8.) In the Iflatfd Hainan there is faid 
 to be Water (uncertain whether in Lake, River or Fountain) of fuch 
 3 ftrange Quality, that it petrcfies fome fort of Fifties, when they 
 unfortunately chance to enter into it. fp.) Many are thofe "Trmmphnl 
 Arches (to be feen in moft of the noted Cities of this Empire) ere&- 
 ed in Hpnoqr of fuch Pef fons as have cither done fome fignal Piece* 
 of Service to the State, or have been confpicuous in their Times for 
 their fingular Knowledge. (lo.) In this Country are feveral remark- 
 able Bridges^ particularljr that over a ^^.iver called Saffrany, which 
 teaches from one Mountain to another, being four hundred Cubits 
 long, and five hundred high, ^nd all but one Arch, whence 'tis cal- 
 led by Travellers, Vons volans. Here likewjfe is another of fix hun- 
 dred and fixty Perches in Length, and one and half bread, ftanding 
 upon three hundred Pillars, without any Arches. Lafily^ In China 
 are many very obfervable P/<r»fi, Jnlmals and Fojfds, efpecially the 
 lafl, among which is the Asbejios. But for a particular Account of 
 them, -vide Kircherus'j China Illufltata, < 
 
 ^rcf)tlifi)0p2icfe,^, &c.] ArchbiJhoprlckSf BlJJjoprkh, or Vnlverfttlef^ 
 arc hardly to be expefted here ; however this Country (according to 
 the Teftimony of Popifli Milfionaries) is furnifht with fome of thefe, 
 tehnj Nanquln and Macao, having each of 'em a particular Bilhop, 
 nominated by the K. of Portugal, and the other Provinces are under 
 the Jurifdiftion of three Apoftolical Vicars. Under which Eccle- 
 fiafticai Superiors, there are (by their Relations) above two hundred 
 Churches or private Chapels dedicated to the True God. 
 
 lEanner^.] The ChlmU f Perfons for the moft Part of a fair Com- 
 plexion, fhort Nos*d, black Ey'd, and of very thin Beards] arq 
 great Lovers of Sciences, and generally efteem'd a very ingenious 
 fort of People. They're faid to have had the Ufe of Printing, Gun- 
 powdtr, and the Mariners Compafs, long before any of them was 
 known in Swrci^e ; but for want of due Improvement, thefe ufeful 
 Inventions have not turn'd to near fo good an Account among them as 
 in Europe. Diveisof 'em are indeed confiderable Proficients in feve- 
 ral Parts of the Mathematicks, efpecially Arlthmetkky Geometry, and 
 Afironemy ; and fo conceited are they of their own Knowledge in 
 
Part II. China, 25^ 
 
 thefe Things, and fo mean are their Thoughts of others, that 'tis 
 generally reported of them, that (^fpeaking of themfelvesj they 
 commonly fay, That they have tivo Eyes, the Europeans oney and the 
 reft of the World none at all. They who wholly apply themfelves 
 to the Study of Sciences, an^ make fuch Proficiency in 'em, as to 
 become Doftors to others, are diftinguifh'd by their long Nails, fuf- 
 fering 'em fometimes to grow as long as their Fingers, that being 
 cfteem'd a fingular Charafteriftick ota profound Scholar, and adif- 
 ' ferencing Mark between them and Mechanicks. 
 
 Slanguage.] The Language of the Chinoh is extremely difficult to 
 be acquir'd by Srrangers, and differs from all others, botfi^s to its 
 Nature, Pronunciation,aad Wayof Writing, {i.^ Its Nature. They 
 ' ufe no Alphabet, as Europeatis do, and are aftonifti'd to hear that by 
 I 24 Letters wecan cxprefs our Thoughts, and fill Libraries with Books. 
 , In Lieu of an Alphabet, they formerly ufed Hicroglyphicks, fetting 
 i down the Images ofThings for the Things themfelves; but this being 
 1 extremely tedious, and likewife defeftive (there being no fuch Re- 
 'femblances of pure AbftraQs) they then made Charafters to fignify 
 Words, numbring them according to the Number of Words they 
 needed to express their Ldeas ; which CharaQ-ers arife to fuch a pro- 
 digious Multitude, that not only Strangers, but even the Natives 
 themfelves, find it a very difficult Matter to acquire an intimate Ac- 
 quaintance v;ith them altl. ( z.) Its tronunclatiotu Although all the 
 Original Terms of this Tongue are only Three Hundred and Thirty 
 Three ; yet fuch is their peculiar Way of pronouncing thera, that the 
 fame Term admits of various and evencontrary Significations, accor- 
 !ding to the various Accenf in pronouncing it. And of thefe Ac- 
 cents there are Five applicable to every Term, which extremely 
 augments the Difficulty of either fpeaking or underffanding this 
 Tongue to Perfcftion : Befides, the Pronunciation thereof is ac- 
 companied with fuch Variety of Motions of the Hand, that a mute 
 Perfon can fpcak almoft intelligibly by his Fingers. And as to the 
 Maimer of Writing-, they differ from all other Nations ; for whereas 
 Ciiriftians write from the left Hand to the right, and the Jews from 
 the right to the left, they ufually make their Lines from the Top of 
 the Page down to the Bottom. 
 
 j <lj3olieniment] This great Kingdom was formerly under its own 
 jparticular King or Emperor, but of late over-run and conquer'd by 
 the "Tartars, to whom it's at prefent fubjeft, acknowledging due Alle- 
 giance to the Gresxt Cham, vrfhofe Government is as defpotical as any 
 of the Oriental Monarchs i for he hath full Power over the Lives of^ 
 lis SubjeSs, the Princes of the Blood not excepted. His bare Word is 
 he Law^ and his Commands admit of no Delay nor Ncgleft. He is 
 
 feldom 
 
2^4 China, Part II. 
 
 feldom feen, and never fpoke with, but upon the Knees. Upon his 
 Death- bed he may chiife his Succeflbr out of what Family he plea- 
 ferh. For the better managing the great Affairs of this mighty Em- 
 pire, he's affirted by two Sovereign Councils ; one Extracrdinary, 
 compos'd of Princes of the Blood oi^Iy ; and the other Ordinary^ 
 ■which befides the Princes, doth confift offeveral Minifters of State, 
 call'd Colaos. But over and above thefe two Councils, there are aC 
 tekln fix' Sovereign Courts, wiiofe Authority extend over all the Em- 
 pire, and to each of them belong different Matters ; viz. (i.) Is 
 that Court call'd Lupou, which prefides over all the Mandarins, and 
 confers upon, or takes from them their Offices, (i.) Honpou, which 
 looks af#r the I'ublickTreafury, and takes care of raifing the Taxes. 
 (3.) Li/>o«, which infpefts irfto Ancient Cuftoms ; and to it is com-, 
 mitred the Care of Religion, Sciences, and Foreign Affairs. (4.) 
 Timpu^ which hath Charge of the Soldiery, and other Officers. (5-) 
 Bimboii, which inquires and paffes Sentence in all Criminal Matters^ 
 Laftly, Comtou, which looks after all Publick Buildings, as the Em- 
 peror's Palaces, and fiich like. In each cf thefe Courts the Empe- 
 ror hath One who may be term'd a Private Cenfov^ it being hisBu^ 
 finefs to obferve all that paffcth, and to acquaint him faithfully 
 therewith, which makes all Perfons very cautious in their Aflions. 
 Over each Province is appointed a Vice-Roy, and under him a grea: 
 many Publick Officers. To fhun Oppreffion of the Subjeft by thefe 
 various Minifters, the Emperor, before the T^avtarian Conqueft, had 
 a certain Number of fecret Spies in every Province, to have a watch- 
 ful Eye upon the Aftions of every Publick Officer ; and upon any 
 vifible AiSt of Injaftice in difcharge of hi.s Office, they were to pro- 
 duce their Commiffion, and by Virtue thereof did feize fuch an 
 officer, tho' of the higheft Station; but this is laid afide, thofc 
 Perfons having mightily abus'd their Power. Yet in Lieu thereof, 
 they ftill retain one Cuftom, which is certainly very fingukr, viz. 
 That every Vice Roy and Publick Officer is bound to take a Note 
 of his own Mifcarriages in the Management of Publick Affairs from 
 Time to Time, and humbly acknov.ledging the fame, is bound to 
 fend them in Writing to Court. Which Task is vrndoubtedly very 
 irkfome cn one Hand, if duly perform'd ; but yet more dangerous 
 on the other, if wholly negle£ied. Very remarkable are Three 
 Maxims of State, carefully obferved by the Chinefian Emperors, viz.- 
 ift. Never to give any Mandarin a publick Office in his Native Pro- 
 vince, left being of a mean Defccnt, it might contribute to iiis Dif-' 
 paragement ; or being well defcended and beloved, he fliould rliere- 
 by grow too powerful. 2.d. To retain at Court the Children of th:; 
 MajiddriTis imployed in publick Offices, and that under pretence of 
 giving them good Education, but it's, in effeft, as Hoftages, left 
 their Fathers ilouid chance to forget theu Duty to the Emperor. 
 
 Laftly, 
 
art 11. China, 2^55: 
 
 bafily, Never to fell any Publick Office, but to confer the fame ac- 
 ;ording to Perfons Merits. 
 
 3Crmj?.] The great Cham, as King of CUnay is faid to bear for 
 Enfigns Armorial, Ar^enty Three Black-moors Heads, plac'd in the 
 front, their Bull vetted GitJes j but (according to others) two Dra- 
 gons. 
 
 ISeligiOlJ.] The prevailing Religion in thlna., is Paganifm, or grofs 
 Idolatry • and in feme Parts the Do£lrine of Mahomet is enterrain'd. 
 Of the feveral Idols to whom the Clinefes pay their Devotions, there 
 are Two. of chief Note, viz. One in Form of a Dragon, whom the 
 Emperor with his Mandarins do religioufly worfhip, proftrating 
 themfelyes frequently before it, and burning Incenfe unto it. The 
 ether is call'd Fo or FoCy fct up fas is conje6hir'd) in favour of one 
 of- their own Nation, who is thought to have flourifh'd about looo '' 
 Years before our BlelTed Saviour, and for his wonderful Parts and 
 Anions, was cfteem'd worthy of being deify'd at his Dtath. They 
 look'd upon him as the Saviour of the World, and that he was fen'c 
 to teach the Way of Salvation, and make an Atonement for the Sins 
 of Men. They mightily prize fome Moral Precepts which they 
 pretend he left, and which the Bonzees (or PrieSsj do frequently ' 
 inculcate upon the Mimds of the People. To this God arc erefted 
 many Temples, and he is worfhipped not only under the Shape of 
 a Man, but in the Perfon of a real Man, who, they fay, never dies ; 
 being upheldin thatvain Opinion bythe Lamas{ot Tartarian Prielis j 
 who upon the Death of that Immortal Man, take due Care (as the 
 Egyptian Priefts did their Apis) to put one of their own Number in 
 his Room, and that of the fame Features and Proportion, or as; near 
 IS poffibly they can. The Chinefes have a mighty Spur to be cauti- 
 ous in all their Aftions, from an Opinion univerfally received among 
 Jhem, viz. That the Souls o/ their deceased Friends are always (at 
 iieaft frequently^ prefent with them, and narrowly viewing their 
 Deportment. If we may believe the Writings of fome of the Fvench 
 MifTionaries, Chrifianity hath obtained conhderable footing of late 
 n this Country, efpecially in the Province of Nanking, and that the 
 jrefent Emperor hath allow'd of the fame by a Publick EdiS through- 
 out all the Empire. The firft Plantation of Chriftianity in thii5 Part 
 if the World, was undertaken (according to common Relief) by 
 jf. Thomas, or fome of his Difcipies, which Opinion is confirm'd 
 j>y an ancient Breviary of the Indian Churches, containing tht^fe 
 V^ords, Per D. 'Thomam Reemm Coslorum volavit & afcendit ad Sir.^u. 
 
 SECT, 
 
P^rt IL 
 
 SECT. III. 
 Concerning ^nilig. 
 
 *2 Cbetwecn^" 
 ^ ^between ^ 
 
 Length from N. W. to S. 
 
 E. is about i<58o Miles. 
 Breadth from N. to S. ii 
 
 about i(Jpo Miles. 
 
 /z»rf//r, iviz, all between C*/W and Perjia] comprehends, 
 
 The Great MoguVs Em- rDelli 
 
 pire, containing ma- j Agra 
 
 ny little KingdomstjCambaia • — 
 but chiefly thofe of (^Bengala — ■ • 
 
 ^tnwfula Ind'Uf intra 
 Gangentf containing' 
 the Kingdoms of 
 
 9e»infula It}di£,e xtra 
 G/i»^e>»,containing < 
 irhe Kingdoms of 
 
 Decan 
 
 )Golcond — 
 ^Bifnagar— 
 .Malabar- 
 
 Idem 7 in the main 
 Idem S Land. 
 Idem 7 on the Sea- 
 Idem i Coaft. 
 
 Northward, 
 
 'Vegu — 
 
 ^mquin'-^ 
 
 rCochirJchin— 
 
 ^ Martaban 
 
 ^Slam"^ Siam 
 
 C.Malacca—'^ 
 
 Idem' 
 Idem in the middle* 
 
 Calicute Soutiiwajd. 
 
 fjohi N. I© 
 S. 
 
 THIS vaft Complex Body, confider'd here under the Title of 
 India 'XuiZ' all between Pfr/« and China^ comprehends (as 
 aforefaid ) many diftinft and confiderable Kingdoms ; but all leda- 
 cible to the Three great Divifions above-mention 'd, to wit, the Mo-* 
 gul's Empire^ and the two Pemn/ulas of hdia^ one within, and the 
 other without the GatJges, Of all which feparately and in their Ox* 
 der. Therefore, 
 
 § I. Th'. 
 
Part II. 
 
 ^57 
 
 §. I. The MoguPs Em fire. 
 
 j^artlC] npHis Country (bounded on the Eaft by Chha^ on the 
 1 Wedhy Perjla ; on the North by part of Tartary^ and 
 on the South by the Gulf of Bengal) is a great part of the Modern 
 and Ancient Indian remarkable in the Hiftory of Alexander the Great, 
 and term'd India frorti the River IndtiSy but now the Mogul's Empire^ 
 as being fubjcil- unto that mighty Eaftern Monarch, commonly known 
 by the Name of the Great Mogul. 
 
 2SlC.] In the Northern Parts of this Ehipite, the Air is faid to be 
 extiemely cold and piercing about the Time of the Sun's greatcft 
 Southern Declination ; but in the Southern Provinces much more 
 temperate. The oppofite Place of the Globe to the Mogul's Empire, 
 is that part of the vaft Pacifck Ocean between 252 and 292 Degrees 
 of Longitude, with 25 and 39 Degrfees of South Latitude* 
 
 ;|)Oil.] The Soil of this vaft Country (it lying in the and 4th 
 North Cliriiate) is extraordihary barreh in federal Parts, being en- 
 cumber'd with formidable, dry, fandy Mountains, but elfewhere ve- 
 ry plentiful, efpecially in Cotton, Millet, Rice, and.moft tforts of 
 Firuits. The Length of the Days and Nights in this Country is the 
 fame as in the Kingdom of Chinaf they both lying under the fame 
 Parallels of Latitude. 
 
 »Jlomitl£itiitiC!5\] The chief Commodities of this Country, are A- 
 loes, Musk, Rhubarb, Wormfeeds, Civets, Indigo, Laique, Borax* 
 Opium, Amber, Myrabolans, Sal Armoniac, Silk, Cottons, Calli- 
 coes, Sattens, Taffaties, Carpets, Metals, Porcelline- Earth, and 
 moft forts of Spices, Qpc. 
 
 ^mt\ti{\ In feveral Parts of the Mogul's Empi'rey particularly the 
 Kingdom oiCa)nhaia,^tt divers noted Volcano*s,y>]h\ch ufually fmoke* 
 and lomctimes break out in terrible Eruptions of Fire and Sulphurous 
 Matter. In and about the Imperial City Agra, are the fplendid 
 Sepulchres of the Royal Family of the Moguls ; particularly that glori- 
 ous Monument of the Emprefs of Cha-Gehan^ ereaed nigh to the 
 Grand Bazar, which is reported to be a very ftately Structure, and 
 offovart a Bignefs, that 20000 Artificers were imploy'd in erefting 
 ftf It for the fpace of z% Years. But what moftly deferves our Re- 
 grd, in the whole Kingdom of Indoftan, is that rich and glorious 
 I hrone m the Palace o{' A^ra, on which the Great Mogul doth ufu- 
 ally appear during rhe Feftival of his Birth-day, where he receives 
 the Compliments and Prefents of the Grandees, after the yearly 
 
 T Cere^ 
 
2^8 India. Part 11. 
 
 Ceremony of weighing his Perfon is over. This ftately Throne (fo 
 fioted among Travellers in thefe Parts) is faid to ftand upon Feet and 
 ^ars over-laid with enamell'd Gold, and adorned with feveral large 
 Diamonds, Rubies, and other precious Stones. The Canopy over 
 the Throne is let thick with curious Diamonds, and furrounded with 
 a Fringe of Pearl. Above the Canopy is the lively Effigies of a ?ea- 
 cockf whofe Tail fparkles with blue Saphires, and other Stones of dif- 
 ferent Colours his Body is of enamell'd Gold fet with Jewels, and 
 on his Breaft is a Jarge Ruby, from which hangs a Pearl as big as an 
 ordinary Pear. On both' fides of the Throne are two Umbrellas of 
 curious red Velvet, richly embroider'd with Gold, and encompaffed 
 •with a Fringe of Pearl ^ the very Sticks whereof are alfo covered with 
 Pearls, R^ibies and Diamonds, Over-againff the Emperor's Seat is a 
 choice Jewel, with a Hole bored thro' it, at which hangs a prodigi- 
 ous big Diamond, with many Rubies and Emeralds round about if. 
 Thefe,and feveral others not here mention'd.are the coflly Ornaments 
 of this hdian Throne, which (if ail related of it be true) cannot be 
 matched by any other Monarch upon the Face of the whole Earth. 
 
 none. 
 
 ^aunCt^.l The Inhabitants of the various Parts of this vafl Em- 
 pire, hkve various Tempers and Cuftoms. What thofeof the Inland 
 Provinces are, is not very certain (our Intelligence of 'em being 
 yet very flender) but the People of the Southerner Maritime Places 
 of the MoguVs Dominions, are Perfons (for the moft part very 
 tall of Stature, ffrong of Body, and in Complexion inclining forae- 
 ■what to that of the Negroes: in Behaviour civil ; in their Dealings 
 pretty jufl ; and many of the mechanical Sort prove wonderful In- 
 genious. 
 
 %fln0Uage.] Both here, and in the two VenlnfuUs hereafter men- 
 tioned, are v^xiomLamuages^ and thefe again divided into diflFerent 
 Dialeas ; but the Avabick is ftill ufed in their Religious Officer. 
 Among the feveral Languages fpoken in the Mogul's Dominions, the 
 Gazarate l^ongtie is reckon'd the chief, and is moflly ufed in the 
 Kingdoms oiCamhayaznA Bengala; but the Terfian is faid to be 
 the Language of the Court. 
 
 <l50iiCrnraent.] This vafl Body comprehends a great many King- 
 doms, fome of which are free, fome fubjeft to others, and moft of 
 *em tributary to one Sovereign, namely, the Great MoguU \^hof^ 
 Government is mofl Tyrannical i for he hath both the Fuvfes and 
 terfons of lais Subiefts -wholly at his Difpofal, and is Lord of all, 
 ■ being 
 
I Part 11. India. 559 
 
 being Heir of every Man's Eftate. His Imperial Seat is Ordinarily at 
 ^p:ra^ which is a very rich and populous City, lying in the Province 
 <i)f the fame Name, and Metropolis of the whole Empire. If he 
 [ Allows paternal Inheritance any where, the fame is revokable at 
 his Pleafure. His bare Will is the Law, and his Word a final Deci- 
 lion of all Controverfies. The Indian Diadem is not entailed by 
 j Primogeniture on the Sons, but is either ravifh'd by Force, or car- 
 5 ry'd by Craft, of fuch who ftand in Competition for it ; he gene- 
 I rally fucceeding to the Throne, who hath moftly gain'd the Favbut 
 ! and Afliftance of the Omrahs and Nabobs^ with other Grandees aC 
 Court \ and upon his Inftalment therein, he commonly facrificeth 
 all his Rivals and neareft Relations, reckoning his Throne to be 
 but tottering, unlefs its Foundations be laid in the Blood of fuch 
 Perfons. His Revenue is indeed fo vaft, that a bare Relation would 
 j feem incredible ; but proportionably to the fame, are his necelTary 
 i ways of imploy ing it ; for to awe the prodigious multitude of l^ople 
 I within the vaft Extent of his Dominions, he's oblig'd to keep in 
 daily Pay, many Legions of Soldiers ; otherways 'twere impoflible 
 to command the turbulent Rajahs , who (aiitis) do frec[uently make 
 InfurreSions, and diifturb his Government. 
 
 3llcmiS.] The Enfigns Armorial of the Gteat Moguly are faid to be 
 Argent, Seme with Befants, Or. As for particiilar Coats of Arms, 
 peculiar to private P'erfons, as in Egrope, here are none ; no Man 
 within the iWsgw/ s Dcominions being Hereditary, either to his Eftate 
 or Hono)3fs. 
 
 ?ReligiCin.] ThelnhabitantsofthisConntry are moftly P^^^« ; and 
 r)ext to Fagam/my the Religion of A/^j&c»zej! prevails; itbeingchiefly 
 embraced according to the Commentaries of, Mortis. Aly. Of the 
 Pagans, here are various Sefts and Orders among 'em; particularly 
 the Banians, the PerfeeSf and Faojuirs. (i.) The Banians^ who be- 
 lieve a y,{jiiA4'^y^co(Td?y or Tranfmigration of Souls, and thereupon 
 do ufually build Hofpitals for Beafts, and will upon no account de- 
 prive any Creature of Life, left thereby they diflodge Cas they 
 imagine) the Soul of fome departed Friend. But of all living 
 , Creatures, they have the greateft Veneration for the Coiv, to whom 
 i they pay a folemn Addrels every Morning; and at a certain Time 
 I of the Year, they drink the Stale of that worfhipful Animal; be- 
 : lieving it hath a lingular Quality to purifie all their Defilements. 
 , Befide their conftant Abftinence from the Food of any Animal, they 
 ' frequently refrain from all Eatables till Night. Of thefe Banians 
 \ there are reckon'd in India about twenty four different Cajls or Secfs^ 
 Ferfees (the Pofterity of the ancient Perjians) who worfbip 
 the Element of Fire } for which Reafon they're alfo called Gauresy 
 
26 o India. Part II. 
 
 i. e. Worfl-ippers of Fire. Befidcs the Fife, they have a great Ve- 
 lieratifiD for the Coch To kill the one, or extinguish the other, is 
 efteem'd by 'em a Crime unpardonable. Their High-PrieS is call'd 
 Depoor, and their ordinary Priefts Dnroos or Harhoods. Lajily, The 
 Faquirs (a kind of religious Monks j who live very auftere Lives, 
 being much given to Falling, and feveral Afts of Mortification i and 
 feme (as a voluntary Penance) make folemn Vows of keeping their 
 Hands clafp d about their Heads ; others hold one (and fome both 
 Arms) ftretch'd out in the Air ; and a thoufand fuch ridiculous Po- 
 tures, and all during Life. Which Vows once made, they facredly 
 ©bferve, notwithftanding theObfervation of 'em is attended with ex- 
 •■ifite Pain. Moft of the bidians believe, that the River Ganges 
 hath a fanftifying Quality : wherenponthey flock thither at certain 
 Seafons in vaft Multitudes, to plunge themfeives therein. Difperfed 
 thro* the MoguJ s Dominions is a confiderable Number o^Jews j and 
 epon the Sea-Coafts are many EHropean Chri/lians, all upon the Ac- 
 count of Traffick. Thcfe Parts oUndla which received the Blefled 
 Gofpel in former Times, were inftructed therein (as is generally be- 
 lieved) by the Apoftle St. Thomas. 
 
 §. 2. The Peninfula t)^ India wnbi» the Ganges. 
 
 ^amt.] nr^His large Country [comprehending the feveral King- 
 \^ doms above-mention 'd ; and now bounded on the Eaft 
 by the Gu^^ f Mexico ; and on the Weft by Mare Arabicum ; on the 
 iNlorth by part of the Mogul's Empire ; and on the South by the In- 
 dian Ocean} \MasteTtn'd Penin/ula hdia intra Gatrgem by the Anci- 
 ents, particularly the i?off?^»i, and that upon the account of its Situ- 
 ation ; being within, or on this fide the Rivet G«w^«, inrefpeftof 
 the Empire of Perfia, or Weftern Parts of AJta. \| 
 
 Stic] ThejAVofthis Country is generally very hot, yet in moft of 
 the Maritime Places 'tis frequently qualified by cold Breezes ;from 
 the Sea. The Oj pofite Place of the Globe to this Peninfulay is that 
 paitofthe Pacifick Ocean, between 212 and 227 Degrees of Longi- 
 tude, with 17 and 25 Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 Midihl The Soilof this VeninfuJa is (for the moft part) extraordi- 
 nary fertile, producing all defirable Fruits, Roots, and Grain, be- 
 (ides vaft Quancitifs of Medicinal Herbs. The longcft Day in the 
 Northmoft Pajts of this Country, is about 13 Hours and a half, the 
 fhorteft in the Southmoft is 1 1 Hours and a half, and the Nights 
 proportionably. 
 
 €.omm0t)itf£^.3 The chief CowOTcifJ^er of this Country, are' Metals, 
 Silk, Cottons, Pearls, Drugs, |>ate$> Cocoes, Rice, Ginger, Cinna- 
 mon, Pepper, Caflia, JBO* 
 
Part 11. 
 
 India. 
 
 liantiC!;!.] In feveral Places of the Kingdom of T^ecavy is a noted 
 Tree, caird by Travellers, the Nure-Tree, whofe Nature is fuch, that 
 every Morning 'tis full of ftringy red Flowers, which in the Heat of 
 the Day fall down in Showers to the Ground, and bloffoming again 
 in the Night, it daily appears in a new Livery, (z.) In the Ifland 
 Salfeie^ adjacent to Go^, are vaft Receptacles cut out of the main 
 Rock, one above another, fome of em being equal in bignefs to a 
 Village of 400 Houfes, and adorn'd thyoughout with ftrange fright- 
 ful Statues of Idols, reprefenting Elephants, Tygers, Lyons, Ama- 
 zons, QPc. (3 J In the Ifland Comrein, n^vit Bombay fbelonging to 
 the Porii4gi4eze) is a Cixy of , the fame Name, having divers lar|s Hea- 
 then Temples, and many other Apartments, all cut out of the firm 
 Rock i which ftupendous Work is attributed by fome to Alexander 
 j the Gr4,!t^ but that without any fhew of Probability. (4.) In ano- 
 ! ther adjacent Ifland /belonging ajfo to the Portugueze, mi called 
 j Elepbanto, from a huge arlifacial Elephant of Stone, bearing a young 
 I one upon its Back) is another Idolatrous Temple of a prodigious 
 ! bignefs cut out of the ffirm Rock. 'Tis fupported by 42 Pillars, and 
 ' open on all fides, exce-pt the Eaft, where Ihnds an Image with three 
 Heads, adorn'd with ftirange Hieroglyphicks, and the Walls are fet 
 round with monftrous Giants, whereof fome have no lefs than eight 
 Heads. ($,) At a Citjy in the Kingdom of Det/iw, known to Travel- 
 lers by the Name of Viungemjs, is another Heathen Temple, much 
 the fame with that above-ojentiou'd, 
 
 SfirCl^tiffaOp^iClj.^, Archbijhopricks, Bijhopricksj JJn'iverfttleSy none* 
 
 m^anneCS'O TheNatives of the various Provinces ofthis Penhfula^ 
 are much the fame in Maiwevs with thofe in the Southern Parts^ of 
 lh& MoguV a Dominions already mention'd, 
 
 ILanguajje.] The chief of the Indian Tongues in this TeninfuU^ 
 are Two, 'utz. ih^ Cariiblne, ipoftly in ufe about Go«; and the Grt?:^- 
 vatcy which is fpoken in Bi/nagar, and in the Coafts of Coromandel^ 
 
 <l50bcrnment.] In this VemnfuU are a great many Princes, who 
 j afliimetothemfelves the Title of Kings; thechief of 'em being thole 
 
 ! which, are feveral fons ot People, in various P''* t^ of this Country, 
 I -who acknowledge SubjtiSlion to none of theft-, nor to any other ; 
 I ror can they accord among themfelves, being conjraonly divided in- 
 ; to various Parties, vvho pitifully harafs one another ; and thole on 
 the Coaff of Malabar are much addifted to Pyracy. 
 
 T 3 %mf.} 
 
262 
 
 India. 
 
 Part II. 
 
 Hit m^.] what are the true Enfigns Armorial of thefe Indian Prin- 
 ces, [or if any] is moftly conjcftural ; all we can find of *em is, that 
 fome in Becan and Cambaia bear Verte, encompafled with a Collar of 
 large precious Stones. 
 
 Utetigion.] The inhabitants of this Venlnfula are generally Maho- 
 metans^ efpecially thofe viho live near the Sea-Coatts ; but People 
 refiding in the Inland Parts are grofs Idolaters, worfhipping not only 
 the Sun and Moon, but alfo many Idols of moft ugly and horrible 
 Afppfts; and in fome Parts of Decan, they look upon the firft Crea- 
 ture they meet with in the Morning, as the proper Objeft of their 
 "Worfhip for that Day, except it be a Crow, the very Sight ot which 
 -will confine them to their Houfesthe whole Day. In mott of the Sea- 
 Port Towns and Places of Trade, are Jews in confiderable Numbers, 
 and mzny European Chrip an s, efpecially thofe ofour Engli(h Fadories. 
 Chriftianity was firft planted in this Country much about the lame 
 Time with the Mogufs Empire ; of which already, 
 
 §. ^. The Penmfula o/India hej/ondtbe Ganges. 
 
 i^ame.] npHis laft Divifion of India [bounded on the Eaft by 
 1 China ; on the Weft by the Gulf of Bej?gal ; on tho- 
 North by partof the yMo^?«/'s Emp re ; and on the South by fome 
 of the Indian Ocean] is term'd Feninfula India exU-A Gangeniy or In- 
 dia beyond the GangeSy becaufeofits Situation; in lyuig beyond that 
 famous River, in refpeaof the otker Feninfula, or the Wettern Parts 
 of Afia in general. 
 
 Silir.] The Airo^ t\i\%Vemnfula\s^omt\^hztA\?ifttmty according 
 to the Situation and Nature of the various Parts of that Country, yet 
 generally eftccm'd indifterent healthful, and temperate enough, 
 confidering the Latitude of thofe Places. The oppoiite Place of the 
 eiobe to this Feninfula, is that part of Nova Zelandia, between 
 192 and 212 Degrees of Longitude, with i to 24 Degrees of South 
 Latitude. 
 
 iikOiL] TheSji/ of this Country (it lying under the ift, ad, and 
 
 3d North-Climate) is extraordinary fertile, producing in great Plenty 
 
 all forts ofdefirable Fruits and Grainy befides 'tis well ftock'd with 
 
 invaluable Mines, and great Quantity of precious Stones ; yea» 
 
 fo vaftly rich is this Country, that the Southmoft Part thereof 
 
 (vix. Cherfonefe d'Ov) is efteem'd by many to be the Land of 0^^/»-, 
 
 to which King Solomon fent his Ships for Gold. The longeft Day 
 
 10 
 
Part II. India. 265 
 
 in the Northmoft Parts is about Hours and an halt : the ftiorteft 
 in the Southmoft, near about 12 Hours, and the Nights proportion- 
 ably. 
 
 CommOtittie.^O The chief Commodities of this Country, are Gold, 
 Silver, precious Stones, Silks, Porcelline Earth, Aloes, Musk, Rhu- 
 barb, Alabafter, S^t* 
 
 Clarities?.] Among tht Parities of this Country, we may reckon the 
 Golden Houfe in the City of Arracan, being a large Hall in the 
 King's Palace, whofe Infide is intirely overlaid with Gold, having 
 a ftately Canopy of maffy Gold, from the Edges of which hang 
 above 100 Combalenghe, or large Wedges of Gold, in form of Sugar- 
 Loaves. Here alfo are feven Idols of maffy Gold of the Height of 
 an ordinary Man, whofe Foreheads, Breafts, and Arms are adorn'd 
 with Variety of precious Stones, as Rubies, Emeralds, Saphires and 
 Diamonds. In this Hall are alfo kept the two famous Caneques^ i. e. 
 two Rubies of prodigious Value, about which the neighbouring 
 Princes frequently contending, have drawn Seas of Blood from each 
 others Subjefts, and all from a vain Opinion, that'the PolTefiion of 
 thofe Jewels carry ailong with 'em a juft Claim of Dominion over the 
 neighbouring Princces. 
 
 ^rCl)ti|lt)Op^iCftS?'> &c.] ArfUiJhoprickSy Bipoprich,UmverJities, none, 
 
 ^Bannci'^-] what was faid of the Natives of the other VemnfuUf 
 in point of Manners ^ the fame may be affirm 'd of thofe inhabiting 
 this.The various Europeans here refiding, are much the fame in Man- 
 ners with the refpe^ive People of Europe from whence they came. 
 
 language] The chief of the Indian Tongues in this JPeninfulay is 
 that called the Melaye^ moftly ufed in Malacca, ; but befides the va- 
 rious Indian Tongues, both inthe A/o^m/'s Empire, aiid the two Penln- 
 fulas, the Tortugueze Language is commonly underftood and fpoken 
 in all maritime Towns of Trade, it being the chief Language that's 
 ufed in daily Commerce between the Branh and Natives of that 
 Country. 
 
 <l5?tlCCnmtnt.3 in this Fen'mfula are a great many different States 
 and Kingdoms, particularly that of Pe^w (^a very rich Kingdom) 
 fubjeft to its own Monarch, whole Sovereignty is acknowledged by 
 divers other confiderable States, as A/em^ Aracan^ and 'J^iprUy beiides 
 the ancient Erachmant, and other People living on the Weft of 
 China-, as the Layes^ "TimocueSy Gueyes, and Ciocangaes, all tributary 
 to him. Here alfo are the rich and flourifhing Kingdoms ofTunqMit 
 and Gochinchin, efpecially the former, whofe King is efteem'd a 
 
 T 4 mighty 
 
264 Uila. Part IL 
 
 mighty potent Prince, able to bring into the Field vaft Multitudes 
 of Men iipon all Occafious. And Lafily, the King of Siam ( to whom 
 a great many Princes are tributary) is efteemed one of the richell 
 and moft potent Monarchs of all the Eaft, and affumes (as fome 
 alledge) the Title of the King of Heaven and Earth ; and yet, not- 
 withftauding his mighty Force and Treafure, he is faid to be tri- 
 butary to the 'iartars^ and to pay them yearly a certain kind of 
 Homage. 
 
 2JlrmjS.] We find no fatisfaftory Account of what Enfigns Armo- 
 rial are born by thefe Eaftem Princes ; or if any at all. 
 
 U^Efiglon.] The Inliabitants of this 'Pen'infuln are generally grea^ 
 Idolaters. Thofe of Siam are faid to maintain Pythagoras's Metempfi- 
 chojlsy and comiijonly adore the Four Elements. Wherefoever Ma- 
 hometamfm prevails., 'tis generally intermix'd with many VaganKms 
 and Ceremonie?, as particularly in Cambodia^ on the River Mennn^ 
 in which City ar^ almoft 500 ftately Mofques, not only wellfurnifii'd 
 with excellent Bells ('contrary to the Turkijh Cuftom elfewhere) but 
 alfo -with a great many Idols of all forts. In the Kingdom of Pe^«, 
 they have a great Opinion of the Sanftity of Apes and Crocodiles, be- 
 lieving thofe Perfons very happy who are devoured by 'em. They 
 obferve yearly Five folemnFefljvals(called intheir Language Snpans) 
 and diftinguifh d by the Names of Giacbie, Cateano, Giaimo, Segienouy 
 Daiche and Donon. Their Priefts are called Raulini, and are divided 
 ?nto threeOrders, diftinguiflied by the Names ot'Ftinirrini, Pan^iam^ 
 and Xoxom. They have alfo many Hermits, whom they divided in- 
 to Grepi, Manigrepi, and Taligrepi, who are all in great Efteem among 
 the People. Chrifiianity was planted here much about the fame time 
 with the other fgnin/ula already mention 'd. 
 
 ?! E C 
 
Part II. 
 
 SECT. IV. 
 
 Concerning |&eiPRa. 
 
 ^ ^between ^ 
 /between< 
 
 68 oo ^ * 
 45 ooj 
 
 ^ /'Length from E. to W. is 
 3 \ about 1440 Miles. 
 
 Breadth from N- to S. is 
 ^ ^ about 1269 Miles. 
 
 North, w'z/ 
 
 It's divided 
 into many 
 Provinces,^ 
 but chief s 
 lythofeto- 
 wards the 
 
 / Middl 
 
 South, Viz^ 
 
 \ 
 
 'Sc'irvant — 
 'Giland — 
 'jCherajferi' — 
 
 ' Krach — 
 ^ Sablejian — ■ 
 l^Sigifian - 
 
 ^CufiJIan- 
 
 Derhent 
 
 GUan 
 
 Heret 
 
 \ Kir man - 
 
 o 
 H 
 
 ^\ 
 
 Ifpahan—-—' ' 
 
 ?ofi- , 
 
 Sitzijian- — . 
 
 Sufa 
 
 Schhas - 
 
 Gombroon ( 
 
 W. toE. 
 
 'W.toE. 
 
 T)^/?^/,^ [known to the Ancients hy the fame Name, anJ 
 X fome others, but of a much larger Extent than at pre- 
 i'tnt ; being now bounded on the Eaft by the Mogul's Empire^ on the 
 Weft by AfiaticTurley; on the North by the Cafpian Sea, and part o€ 
 ' I'artary ; and on the South by the Perfian Gulf, and part of thf main 
 Ocean] is termed by the Italians and Spnmards, Petjla ^ by the French^ 
 Perfe ; by the Germans, Perjien ; and by the EngUjh Perjia ; fo cali'd 
 (as many alledge) from one of its ancient Provimres, nam'd Perfis, or 
 (according toothers) fiomPer/es, an illuftriousLord inthe Country 
 of Elam, who for his Merit is faid to have obtain'd the Government 
 of the People, and to liave cali'd both Country and Inhabitants after 
 his Name. But ilnally, others do eagerly plead for ai. Hebrew Etymo- 
 logy, deriving the Name from the Word, QltyHS i. e. Eijuites. 
 For 'tis reported of the Inhabitants of this Country, that before 
 the Reign of Cyrus the Great, they feldom us'd to ride, or knew very 
 little how to manage a Horfe ; and that fnch was their Dexterity af- 
 terwards in managing Horfes, that this Country is faid to afTume its 
 Name from that Animal. For the ftrengthning of which Opinion 
 they farther obferve. That the Title of Perfia is not found in thofe 
 ?ooks of Holy Scriptures, which were written before the Time of 
 Cyrus. W-t*. 
 
266 
 
 Tafia. 
 
 Part II. 
 
 5£jC.3 The Ah of this Country is very temperate, efpecially to- 
 wards the North, beyond the vaft Mountain of 'Taurus ; but in the 
 Southern Provinces, 'tis fcorching hot for feveral Months. The op- 
 pofite Place of the Globe to Perfia, is part of Mare del Zur^ between 
 225 and 248 Degrees of Longitude, with 25 and 40 Degrees of South 
 Latitude. 
 
 ;|)OlI.] The Soil of this Country (it lying in the 3d and 4th North 
 Climate j is very different ; for in the Northen Parts, adjacent to 
 'Tartary and the Cafpian Sea, the Ground is very barren, producing 
 hut litre Corn, and few Fruits. But South of Mount 'Taurus^ the 
 Soil is faid to be extraordinary fertil, the Country pleafant and plen- 
 tiful of Corn, Fruits, Wines, Qpc. affording alfo feme rich Mines of 
 Gold and Silver. The longeft Day in the North moft Parts, is about 
 14 Hours and three Quarters, the fhorteft in the Southmoft is 13 
 Hours and a Quarter, and the Nights proportionably. 
 
 CommtJtil'tie.^.] The chief Commodities of this Country, are curi- 
 ous Silks, Carpets, Tiflues, ManufaQures of Gold, Silk and Silver, 
 Seal Skins, Goat Skins, Alabafter, aad all forts of Metals, Myrrh, 
 Fruits, QPc. 
 
 ftacitie?".^ Tliis Country C among its chief Rarities) doth yet boaft 
 of the very Ruins of the once proud Palace of Perfepol/s, fo famous 
 of old, and now cail'd by the Inhabitants Chil-manor, fignifying 
 Forty Pillars ; which imports, that fo many were ftanding fome 
 Ages ago ; but at prefent there's only Nineteen remaining, together 
 -with the Ruins of about Eighty more. Thofe Pillars, yet ftanding, 
 are of excellent Marble, and about fifteen Foot high ^ for a particu- 
 lar Draughtof 'em, with the Copy of feveral Infcriptions in unknown 
 Chara£l:ers, vid. Philof. Tranf. No, 201, 6* 210. (2.) In the City 
 of Ifpahdn is a large Pillar fixty Feet high, confifting purely of the 
 Sculls of Beaffs, ere£ted by Shaiv-Abas the Great (upon a Sedition of 
 hisNoblesj who vow'd to rear up a Column of their Heads, as a 
 Monument of their Obloquy to After-ages, if they perfifted in Dif- 
 obedience, but they furrendring upon Difcretion, heorder'd each 
 of 'em to bring the decollated Head of fome Beaft, and lay at his 
 Feet ; which was accordingly done, and of them he made the afore- 
 iaid Pillar in lieu of a Column of their own Heads, (j.j One of the 
 Emperor's Gardens at Ifpahan is fo fweet and delicate a Place, that 
 it commonly goes by the Name of Hejle Eehejiy i. e. Paradife upon 
 Earth ; and the Royal Sepulchres of the Pei'^^w Monarchs are indeed 
 fo fiiatcly, that they deferve to be mention'd here. (4.) About 30 Miles 
 North-Eaft of Gmbroorji is a moft hideous Cave, vliich for its for- 
 midable 
 
Part 11. 'Perfia. ti6'j 
 
 midable Afpea, is cerm'c4 Hell's-Gate by onr Ens;njh Travellers, who 
 have paft that way. C5-) At Genoe, about twelve or fourteen Miles 
 North of GombrootJ, are feme excellent Baths, efteemed very good 
 againft moft Chronical Diftcmpers, and much fre^^uented for all in- 
 veterate Ulcers, Aches, andfuch like. (6.) Within five Leagues 
 ofDamoan, is a prodigious high Pike of the fame Name, from whofe 
 Top Ccover'd all over with Sulphur, which fparkles in the Night- 
 time like Fire) one may clearly fee the CafpianSea, tho' an hundred 
 and eighty Miles diftant; and nigh to this fulphureous Pike are fome 
 famous Baths, where there's a great Refort of People at certain 
 Times of the Year. Laflly, In feveral Parts of Perjia are Mountains 
 of curious black Marble, and Springs of the famous Naphtha, with 
 Variety of other Minerals. 
 
 3JlCCpi|l)Op2icf5.^, &c.] Archbipopricis^ Bipoprkkst Vmverfitiesy none. 
 
 ^HannetiS 1 The 'Perfians are a People (both of old, and as yet) 
 much given'to Aftr.^logy , many of them making it their chief Bafi- 
 nefs to fearch after future Events by Aftrological Calculations. They 
 are naturally c^reat ;DiiTerablers, Flatterers, and Swearers; as alfo very 
 proud, paffionlite amd revengeful ; exceffive in their Luxury, Paftimes 
 and Expences; much addifted to Tobacco Opium, and Coffee ; yet 
 withal, they are (Taid to be, for the moft part, very refpeaive ta 
 their Superiors, julft and honeft in their Dealings, and abundantly 
 civil to Strangers : and moft of thofe who betake themfelves to 
 Trades, prove very ingenious, in roaMng curious Silks, Cloth of 
 Gold, and fuch like. 
 
 S:an8Uflge.] The Terftan Language Chaving a great Tinfture of 
 the Arabich) is reckon'd not only much more pohte than the T«r^://fo, 
 but is alfo efteem'd the modifh Language of Afta. It's divided into 
 many particular Dialeas, and the Charaaers they ufe, are moltly 
 Arabich As for pure Avabick, that's the School Language ot the 
 ferfiarts, in which not only the Myfteries of the Alcoran, but alio 
 all their Sciences are written, and is learn "d by Grammar, as Euro- 
 peans do Latin. 
 
 (©ObCCnment. J This large Country is wholly fubjeaed to one So- 
 vereign, namely, its own Emperor, commonly ftil'd, the Great So^ 
 thy of Ferfia i whofe Government is truly Defpotical, and Crown 
 Hereditary, the Will of the King being a Law to the People, and he 
 Matter of all their Lives and Eftates ; his numerous Subjeas render 
 him a kind of Adoration, and never fpeak of him buf with the 
 ereateft Refpea. As moft of the AJIatic Princes affea very vain and 
 exorbitant Titles, fo does the I>erjla» Monarch in particular, he be- 
 ing 
 
268 Terfta. Part II. 
 
 ing generally ftil'd King of Ferjla, Farthi^, Media, Baffria^ 
 
 Chorazon, Condalor^ vini Heri, of the Ouzr he ^ "Tartar, of the King- 
 doms of Hyrcania, Draconia, Evergeta, Farmeniay Hydafpiay and So^- 
 d'lanay of Aria, Farcpa?i!za, Drawgiana, Arachojla, Mergiana, and 
 Caramapia^ as far as ftately In/ius ; Sultan of Ovmus, Larr^ Arabia^ 
 Stijiana, Ckaldea., Mefopotamia, Georgia, Armenia, CircaJJla, and pOw, 
 Lord of the Imperial Mountains of Ararat, Taurus, Caucafus, and 
 Feriardo, Commander of all Crearures from the Sea of Chorazon to 
 the Gulf of Ferjla ; of true Defcent from Mortis-Aly : Prince of the 
 Four Riveis, Euphrates, Tygris, Jraxis, and : Governor of all 
 
 |he Sultans; £mperor of MttJfMlmen\ Bud of Honour j Mirror of 
 Virtue, and Rofe of Delight. 
 
 5CrniiS.3 Many and various are the Opinions concerning the King 
 of Ferjia's A.xms; it being affirm'd by fome, that he beareth the 
 Sun Or, in a Fiejd Azure : by others, a Crefcent, as the Turhp Em- 
 perors, with this Difference, that it hath a Hand added to it. By 
 others, Or, with a Dragon GuJes : By others, Or, with a Buffalo s 
 Head, Sable. But the moft receiv'd Opinion is, that he beareth the 
 Kifing Sun on the Back of a Lion, with a Crefcent. 
 
 J!CIigion.] The Inhabitants of this Country are ffor the moft part) 
 cxa6t Obfervcrs of Mahomet's DoSrine, according to the Explica- 
 tion and Commentaries made by Mortis-Aly. They differ in many 
 confiderable Points from th^^ Turks, and both Parties are (ubdivi- 
 ded into various Sefts, between whom are tofs'd many Controverfies, 
 -with flaming Zeal on either fide. The main Point in Debate be- 
 tween them, is, concerning the immediate Succeffors of Mahomet. 
 The Turh reckoning them thus, Mahomet, Abouhekir^ Omar, Of- 
 tnan, and Mortis-Aly. But the Ferjians will have their Aly to be the 
 immediate Succeflbr, and fome efteem him equally with Maho- 
 met himfelf, and call the People to Prayers with thefe Words, 
 Llala y Jala Mortis Aly -veil lula ; for which the Turks abhor them, 
 calling them Rafadi and Cfljfars, i. e. Schifmaticks, and ihemfelves 
 Scnni and MuJfuJmen, which is, True Believers. They differ alfo 
 in their Explication of the Alcoran ; befides, the Ferfians have con- 
 tia^ed it into a lefler Volume than the Arabians, after Gawe^'s Re- 
 formation, preferring die Immnnian Seft before the Melchian, Ane- 
 fatiy Benefian^ or Xejagans, broached by Aboubekir, Omar, and Of- 
 man ; from which Four are fprung above Seventy feveral fortsof re- 
 ligious OrJers, as Afor^Ai/^x, dhdals, Der-vi/es, Fapafi, Rafadi, &c. 
 Here arevmany Nefiorinn Chriftians, as alfo feveral Jefuits, and ma- 
 ny Jews. The Chriftian Religion was firff planted in this Country 
 by the Apoftle Sr. Thomas, 
 
 SECT. 
 
Part II. 
 
 Turkey m e^fia. 
 
 269 
 
 S E C T. V. 
 Concerning CUtBe? inoAfia* 
 
 between 
 
 d. 
 
 '2.7 
 6q 
 
 betweefi'f ^ Z- 
 1.46 
 
 Comprehpnding Six 
 great Pares, viz. 
 
 m. 
 
 °^l>ot Long 
 °°fof Lat. 
 
 CO 
 
 r Natolia 
 AraUa 
 
 ] Syria — \ — 
 vDiarheck} — < 
 ' I'urcoma nia-- \ . 
 Georgia ■* ' 
 
 Length from N. E. to S, 
 W. is about 2100 Miles. 
 Breadth from N. to S. is 
 ^ C aboa,t 1 740 Miles. 
 
 B«r/rf, lying Weftward. 
 
 Aleppo -'>-'/ 
 
 Bagdat 5 - Sfrom S.to N, 
 
 Arzerum — C 
 
 ^ejlh 3 
 
 Each of th« foregoingJParts comprehends feveral Provinces ; as, 
 
 .1 
 
 NatoJ'ia 
 
 Arabia 
 
 Syria 
 
 Diarbeck 
 
 Natalia propria — ■ 
 
 \Amajia' i. ■ 
 
 iCaramania 
 
 MadHli——-^"— 
 
 r Beriara or Arabia "Dtf. 
 / Baraab or Arabia Petrea 
 Ayman or Arabia Felix j 
 
 (Burfa . ? Northward! 
 
 / Idem — 5 W- to E. 
 
 . I Co^wi-— *) Southward 
 
 I Maraz J W. toE. 
 
 ' Syria propria- 
 
 I Vhoenicia 
 
 , Palejlme' •> ■ 
 
 Anna — 
 Herat — 
 Medina-' 
 
 — >N. to s; 
 
 . i Aleppo -7 
 
 t*JZ A >N. to s. 
 
 Jer-i4f,:ilem 3 
 
 ' "Diarbeck- 
 Arzerum 
 * Xerrack-" 
 
 TUmcoma- V 'Turcomanta propr la- 
 ma r Curdes- — — 
 
 ^ , Mengrelia j 
 
 ^forgia ^ Qurgejian- "-"^ — — v — J 
 
 J3 
 
 X)iarbekir- 
 Moful- — 
 Bagdat — 
 
 Arzerum- 
 Gran- - 
 
 ¥aJfo'- 
 iTefis-' 
 
 . toS. 
 
 to E. 
 
 to E. 
 Thit 
 
270 
 
 Turhei^ in ^pa. 
 
 Pare IL 
 
 THIS vaftly extended Body being divided (as afsrefaid) into fix 
 great Parts, 'u'tz. Natalia, Arabia, Syria, Diarbeck, 'iturco- 
 mania, and Georgia ; we fliall particularly treat of the firft 
 Three, and that feparately (they being moftly remarkablej and rhen 
 take a general View of all the reft conjuniily, and that under the 
 Title of the EHphratian Provinces. Therefore, 
 
 ^. I, N J T 0 L I J. 
 
 J^attl^.] l^^AtoIia [formerly AJia Minor, in contra-diftin£lion from 
 JJia the Greater ; and now bounded on the Eaft by 
 •^urcomania ; on the Weft by the Archipelago ; on the North by the 
 Black'Sea ; and on the South by part of the Meditevraneatj'] is termed 
 by the ItaliaKS and Spaniards, Natalia ; by the French, Natalie :> by 
 the Germans, Natolien ; and by the Englijh, Natalia, or Anatolia ^ 
 fo caird at firft by the Grecians, becaufe of its Eaftern Situation in 
 refpe£t of Greece, 'AvctToh^i, 
 
 55ir,] The Air of this Country is very different, being in fome 
 Provinces very pure and healthful, in others extremely grofs and pe- 
 llilentious. The oppofire Place of the Globe to Anatolia, is that 
 part of the Facifck Ocean, between 217 and 252 Degrees of Longi- 
 t«de, -with 34 and 38 Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 ^tXiL] The Soil of this Country Cit lying in the 5th and i^th North 
 Climate) is extraordinary fertile, abounding with Oil and Wine, and 
 moft forts of Grain and Fruits : But much of the Inland Provinces 
 lie uncultivated, a Thing too common in moft Countries fubjeO: to 
 the Mahometan Yoke. The Length of the Days and Nights is the 
 fame here as in Greece^ they both lying under the fame Parallels of 
 l^atitude. 
 
 ^[ommO&itie^.] The chief Commodities of this Country are raw 
 Silks, Goats-Hair, twifted Cot ton, Cordovans of feveral Colours, Ca- 
 licuts white and blue, Wool for Matreffes, Tapeftries, quilted Cover- 
 lets, Soap, Rhubarb, Galls, Valleneed, Scammony, Opium, £Pc. 
 
 |?atttiei?.] Not far from Smyr!7a (by the ^urks, Ifmyr) is a certain 
 kind of Barth, commoniy cail'd by the Fr-.w^rj, Soap-Euth, ^Nhich. 
 boileth up out of the Ground, and is always gather'd before Sun- 
 rifing, and that in fuch prodigious Qjiantity, that many Camels 
 are daily imploy'd in carrying Loads of it to divers Soap-Houfes at 
 fome Diftance, where being mix'd wirh Oil, and both boil'd toge- 
 ther for feveral Days, it becomes at laft an excellent fort of Soap. 
 
 (a,) Nigfe 
 
Part 11. Turkey in Jfia. 271 
 
 (2.) Nigh to Smyrna are the Vefiigia of a Roman Circm and Theatre; 
 and thereabouts is frequently found Variety ofRoman Medals. (3.) 
 About two eafie Days Journey Eaft from Smyrna^ are fome Remains 
 of the ancient 1'hyatira, as appears from To or 12 remarkable Infcrip- 
 tions ftill to be feen (for which fee Wheeler s 'Travels^ ixomfag. 250, 
 to 256.) and therefore 'Tyreth (a fmall Village 20 Miles South-Eaft 
 
 1 of Ephefus) is falfly taken for it by the ignorant Greeks. ("4.) At 
 Myltifa (formerly MeUJfo in Cnria) are noble Remains of Antiquity 5 
 
 ' particularly, a magnificent Temple of Marble, built in Honour of 
 Jugufius Crf/i»r,and the Goddefs oiRome, as appears from an Inlcrip- 
 tion on the Front, which is ftill intire. Here alfo is a ftately Column, 
 call'd the ViWzx oi Men an der ^ with a little curious Temple, but un- 
 certain for what, or by whom erefted. (5.) At Ephefus (now call'd 
 A)a Salave by the I'urks) are yet to be feen fome ancient Chriftian 
 
 I Churches, particularly that of St. Johny the entireft of *em all, and 
 now converted into a Mahometan Mofque : As alfo the Vefiigia of a. 
 Roman Amphiihe/rtre, Circus^ and AqufJuct,, together with a large 
 Heap of ftately Ruins, generally reckon'd thofe of the once magniti- 
 
 ' cent Temple of Dian a, the great Goddefs of the Ephefians. (6. j At 
 
 ; Laodicea (by the 'Turlks, Eskebtjfar, which is utterly forfaken of Men, 
 and now theHabitatifon of wild Jeaftsjare ftill extant three 'theatres 
 of white Marble, and a ftately Circus-, all fo intire as yet, that tbey 
 would feem to be onhy of a modern Date. (7.) At 5'^f^iij(by the 'Turkt 
 Sart, or Sards, now a little, nafty, beggarly Village, tho' once tha 
 royal Seatofrich King Cy<e/«ij are the Remains of fome ftatelyancienE 
 Architecture, with feveral imperfeft Infcriptions. (8.) At Fergamos 
 (which ftill retains the Name of Pergamoy andisobfervable for being 
 
 { the Place where Parchment was firft invented) are the Ruins of the 
 Palace of the Atalick Kings. Here is alfo the ancient Chriftian Church 
 of Sarj^a Sophia, now converted info a Mahometan Mofque. As for 
 Philadelphia, the laft of the famous Seven Churches of Afia (now call'd 
 
 i by the 'lurksy Allach Scheyr^ i. e. I'he City of God) 'tis remarkable for 
 
 j nothing fo much as the confiderable Number ot Chriftians dwelling 
 in it, they amounting to Two thoufand, and upwards. 
 
 5EccljtrjfljOp^iCli^, &c.] The State or Chiftianity being very deplo- 
 rable through moft Parts of the Ottoman Dominions, and not only 
 i the chief Eccleliafticks of the Chriftian Churches (wt. Patriarchs, 
 i Archbifhops and Bifiiops) but alfo their very Sees being frequently 
 alter'd, according as their Tyrannical Mafter, the Turk, propofeth 
 Advantage by fuch Alterations ; and whereas a great many titular 
 Bifhops, yea, Archbifhops, and fome Patriarchs are often created ; it 
 is equally vaintoexpeft, as impolTxble to give an exaCt Lift of all the 
 Ecclefiaftical Dignities in thofc Parts, whether real or nominal. Lec 
 it therefore fufHce (once for allj to fubjoin in this Place the moft re- 
 i markable 
 
272 Turkey \n oAfia, Part 11. 
 
 markable of the ChriftianEcclefiafticks thro' all Parts of the AJlatkk 
 and African 'Turhey ; ftill referring the Reader to the fame, as he tra- 
 velleth thro* the various Parts of this vaft Empire. Thefe Ecclefia- 
 fticks being Patriarchsy Archbijhops, and Bi^liops. The chief Patriarchs 
 (befides him of Confiantinople, already mentioned in Europe) are thofe 
 ef jferufclem, Alexandria, and Antioch ; as alfo two Ayniemans (one of 
 ■which refideth at Ecmeafan, a Monaftery in Geotgia, and the other 
 Vit Sis in AladuUa ;) and laftly, one Nefioriany whofe Place cf Refii- 
 dence is commonly at Moful in Liarbech 
 
 The chief Archbipops {'together with t!ie European) are thofe of 
 
 Jleracte/i Adriartople Patras 
 
 Saloniki Corinth ProeoKefHS 
 
 Athens Nicofia Amafia 
 
 Mahafia Janna. Scutari 
 
 jfmfhipoli Monembajta "TyanO- 
 
 Napoli di Romania Methynna Tyre 
 
 Larifa Phanarion Berytus, 
 
 The chief of the nwny Bifhopricks (befides the European) arc 
 thofe of 
 
 Ephefus Trehifonde Amajla 
 
 Ancyra Drama Nova C<efarea 
 
 Cyzicus Smyrna Co^ni 
 
 Nicomedia Metylene Rhodes 
 
 Nice Sena Chio 
 
 Chaicedon Chrifiianopoli S. John Acre't 
 
 ^ ||mliCtflti£^.] A& for Vniverfjies in this Country, the T'uyks are 
 ftich Enemies to Letters in general, that they not only defpife all 
 humane Literature, or acquired Knowledge, but the very Art of 
 Printing Cthe moft effedual Means of communicating Knowledge) 
 is exprefly inhibited by their Law ; fo that the Reader niuft not 
 €3tpefl: to find the Seats of the Mufes among them. It's true, the 
 Jeluits, and fome other Orders of the Roman Church Cwhere efta- 
 blifh'd in chefe Countries) do ufually inftruft the Children of 
 Chriftian Parents in fome publick Halls eretted for that put- 
 pofe ; bur thefe fmall Nurfeties of Learning are fo inconfideiable, 
 that they deferve not the Name of Colleges, much lefs the Title of 
 Univerfities. 
 
 Jl^annerji.] The Inhabitants of this large Country being chiefly 
 ^arks and Greeksy a particular Charaftet of "em both is already gi ven 
 
part II. Turkey in oAfia, 275 
 
 in Europe, when treating of Greece and the Vamhian Provinces, to 
 which I refer the Reader. 
 
 ItanguagC] The prevailing Languages in this Country, are the 
 ^urkip and vulgzr Greek, a Specimen of -which is already givenj 
 when treating of "Turkey in Europe. 
 
 <0OliCCnment.] This large Country being intirely fubjeft to the 
 heavy Burthen of the Ottoman Yoke, is govern'd by Four Beglerbegs, 
 in Subordination to the Grand Seignior ; the firft of them refideth aC 
 Coty^eum, about thirty Leagues from Byrfa ; the fecond at Cogni, for* 
 merly Iconium ; the third at Amafia, in the Province of the fame 
 Name i and the laft at Marat, the principal City oidladulia, 
 
 SCrmiS.] See turkey m Europe, Page i88. 
 
 flell'aion.] The eftablilh'd Religion of this Country, is that of 
 Mahometanifm, but Perfons of all Profeffions being tolerated in thefe 
 Parts, as elfe where through the Turkijh Dominions, here are great 
 Multitudes of Chrijiians (particularly Greeks'} and thofe of all forts, 
 as Arnienians, Jacohites, Maronifes, Nefiorians, Melchites, Scc and 
 intermix'd v.'ith thefe is a confiderable Number of Jews. Chrifiianity 
 was planted betimes in this Part of the World, and that by the 
 Preaching and Writings of the infpir'd Apoftles, efpecially St. fohn 
 the Divine, here being the Seven famous Churches, to which he 
 wrote, -viz. thofe of Eph&fus, Smyrna, Thyatira, Laodicean Vergamns^ 
 Philadelphia, and Sardis. 
 
 §2. oA R J'B I J. 
 
 I^ame.] ARABIA [known formerly by the fame Name; an<3 
 Jr\ now bounded on the Eaft by the Arabian Gulf, and 
 part of Mare Arabicum ; on the Weft by the Red Sea ; on the North 
 by Taleftine and Syria propria ; and on the South by part of the main 
 OceanJ is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards, Arabia ; by the 
 French, Arabic ; by the Germans, Arabien ; and by the Englip, Ara- 
 hia. Why fo called is nor fully agreed upon among Authors ; but 
 the Reafon of the various Appellations of its three Parts [w^. Tiefer- 
 ta, Fetr<ea, and Foslix^ is moft evident, they being fo term'd from 
 the Nature of their refpeftive Soil. 
 
 3litC,3 The Air of the two Northern Arabia's is very hot during the 
 Summer (the Heavens being feldom or never over-caft with Clouds^ 
 but in that towards the South 'tis much more temperatCj beiBgmigh- 
 
 U tily 
 
Turkey in .ifta. Part 11. 
 
 tily qualified by refrefhing Dews which fall almoft every Night in 
 great abundance. The oppofite Place of the Globe to thefe Coun- 
 tries, is that part of the Pacifick Ocean between 227 and 257 De- 
 grees of Longitude, with 12 and 31 Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 ;^0il.3 The very Name of thefe Three Arabians (they lying in the 
 ad, 3d, and 4th North Climate ) do fufficiently declare the Nature of 
 their Soil ; the Northern being extremely barren, one encnmber'd with 
 formidable Rocks,^nd the other overfpread with vaft Mountains of Sand, 
 but the Southern (defervedly term'd FosUx) is of an excellent Soil, be- 
 ing extraordinary fertile in many Places. The longeft Day in the North- 
 moft part of thefe Countries, is about 14 Hours ; the fhorteft in the 
 Southmoft, 1 1 Hours and a quarter j and the Nights proportionably. 
 
 COrtlttlObitif^.] The chief Commodities of thefe Countries, efpeci- 
 o\\y Arabia FeeliXy are Coral, Pearl, Onyx-ftones, Balm, Myrrh, Incenfe, 
 Cums, Caffia, Manna, and feveral other Drugs and Spices. 
 
 HauitiC^.] In Arabia Tetraa is the noted Mountain of Sinai (n6w 
 call'd hy the Arabians J Gibol Moufay i e. The Mountain of Moks) on 
 ivhich were many Chapels and Ceils, poflefs'd by the Greek and Latin 
 jMonksykvetil of which are ftill remaining,with arGarden adjoining to 
 each of 'em. At the Foot of the Mountain is a pleafant Convent, from 
 •whence there was formerly a way up to the Top by one Thoufand four 
 Hundred Steps, cut out of the firm Rock, at the Charge and Direftion 
 ©f the virtuous Helena (Mother of Conftantine the Great) the Marks 
 of which Steps ares vifible to this very Day. The Religious here 
 iefiding, pretend to Ihew Pilgrims the very Place where Mofes ftay'd 
 for Forty Days, during his Abode on the Mount ; and where he re- 
 ceiv'd the Tables of the Law, and defired to fee the Face of God* 
 C2.) At Medina in Arabia Fcelixy is a ftately Mofque, fupported by 
 four Hundred Pillars, and furnifh'd with three Hundred Silver Lamps, 
 and call'd by the Turksy Mos a kibay or, Moft Holy ; becaufe in it lies 
 the Cofl&n of their Great Prophet (its hanging in the Ait by twoLoad- 
 ftones being a mere FaWe) coyer'd over with Cloth of Gold, under a 
 Canopy of Cloth of Silver curioufly embroider'd, which the Bajfa of 
 Egypt is bound to renew yearly by the Grand Seigniors Order. (2.) At 
 l^eccay in the fame Arabia (the Birth-place of Mahomet) is a 'lurkijh 
 Mofque, fo glorious, that 'tis accounted by many, the ftatelieft of any 
 an the World. Its lofty Roof being rais'd in fafhion of a Dome, with 
 two beautiful Towers of extraordinary Heightand Architefture, make 
 a fplendid Shew at the firft Appearance, and are all confpicuous at a 
 great Diftance. The Mofque is faid to have above an Hundred Gates, 
 with a Window over each of 'em ; and within 'tis adorn'd with Ta- 
 peftiy and Gildings extraordinary rich. The Number of Pilgrims, wha 
 * ' yearly 
 
Part IL Turhy in Afia, ^5 
 
 yearly vifit this Place is almoft incredible ; every Mujfulman being 
 oblig'd by his Religion to come hither once in his Life- time, or to 
 fend a Deputy for him. (4O The Country about Zibit in Arabia Fee- 
 lix (which many reckon to be the fame with the ancient Saba or Sa- 
 hxa^ Seha ot Sheba, mention *d in i Kings 10. and Matth. 12.) is ftill 
 famous for the beft Iranliincenfe in the World, which grows here- 
 abouts in great abundance ; befides good Plenty of Baljam^ Myrrht 
 CaJJla, and Manna., with feveral other Drugs and Spices. 
 
 3{ircpift0P2icli.S?, Sec] ArdbiJhoprickSy B/Jhopricht Vniver^ties \ fee 
 NatoUa. 
 
 .flaanners?.] The Arahs Cgreat Proficients of old in Mathematioal 
 Sciences) are now an ignorant, treacherous, and barbarous kind of 
 People : The better and more innocent fort of 'em live in Tents, and 
 imploy their Time in feeding their Flocks, removing from Place to 
 Place, according to the Conveniency of Grazing ; but the greater part 
 of 'em are idle Vagabonds, and fo extremely given to Robbing, that 
 moft ot the publick Koads in the AJtatick Turkey are pitifully pcfter'd 
 wirh 'em, they travellling commonly in confiderable Xroops (headed 
 by one of their Numbier, whom they own as Captain) and alTaulting 
 the Caravans as they pafs and repafs the Mountains. Thofe near 
 Mufcat in Arabia Fceliixy are abfolutely the beft of the whole Coun- 
 try, being generally charafteriz'd a People of a very «ivil and honeft 
 Deportment towards all forts of Perfons. 
 
 Slanpase.] The vulgar Language in the three AraUa*Sy is the 
 Arabe/que, ot cerrupt Arabian, which is not only ufed here, but (with 
 variation of Dialedtj is fpoken over a great part of the Eaftern Coun- 
 tries. As tot the ancient, pure, and grammatical Arabian, 'tis now 
 learn'd at School (as Europeans do Greek and Latin) and is chiefl]^ 
 us'd by the Mahometans in their religious Service. 
 
 «0Ot$rnin^nt,] The various Parts of this vaft and fpacious Coun- 
 try, acknowledge Subjeftion to various Sovereigns, and fome to none 
 at all. Divers Ibrts of People in thefe Countries are willingly fubjeft 
 uDto,andrurd hykievsAEeglerbegs refiding among them by thefpecial 
 Appointment of the Grand Seignior; others are govern 'd by their own 
 independent Kings or Princes, the chief of whom are thofe o^Fartach, 
 Maffa and Amanzartfdin ^ and fome others do yield Obedience to cer- 
 tain Xeriffs or chief Governors (who ate only Tributary to the Great 
 iTurk) the moft honourable of them is he at Mecca, who is of the Po- 
 fterity of Mahomet, but lately in Rebellion againft his Mafter. Befidsa 
 thefe, here are feveral forts of People who live altogether freely, deny- 
 ing Subjection to any ; the chief of whom are the Bevgdres, Bedninii 
 
 U a, a&4 
 
276 Turhe) in <t4Jia, Part II. 
 
 and Gordins, who refide moftly in Mountains, and are much imploy'd 
 in Robbing, efpecially the Beduivs, they ufually travelling in great 
 Numbers near Mecca^ on purpofe to aflault the Pilp,rims in their way 
 thither, who are always neceffitated to fend valuable Prefents to the 
 Xeriff of that Place, that he may order fome of his Troops to meet 
 the various Caravans, and defend them againft all Attempts. 
 
 SUtrn??.] For Arms J fee the Enfigns Armorial of the Grand Seignior, 
 l^age 188. 
 
 iHeligion.] Many of the wild Arahs know nothing of Religion, 
 living like fo many favage Beafts hunting after their Prey, and fre- 
 <juently devouring one another. But the more fober fort of 'em pro- 
 fefs the Doftrine of Mahomet^ that grand Impoftor, and Native of 
 their own Country : The principal Points of which Doftrine may be 
 feen ^age 189. to which I remit the Reader. This Country was for- 
 merly illuminated with the Light of the Bleffed Gofpel, having re- 
 ceiv*d the fame in the Apoftolick Age, 
 
 § ^. SYRIJ, [by the Turks^ Surtflan. 
 
 Modern Syria comprehends Syrian properly fo calPd. ( 2.) Phoe- 
 nicia or Phcenice. (^.) Falejiine or ^udea. Thefe Diyifions of 
 Syria ('efpecially the firft and laftj being remarkable Countries, fome- 
 what of each of them diftin£lly and in their Order. Therefore, 
 
 Syria, poferJy fo caWd. 
 
 Sflttlf'lnn Country [known formerly by the fame Name of 
 1_ Syriay but different in Extent, being now bounded on 
 the Eaft by Diarbeck ; on the Weft by part of the Mediterranean Sea ; 
 on the North by fome of Natolia ; and on the South by Arabia Defer- 
 ta] is term'd by the Italians, Siria ; by the Spaniards, Syria ; by the 
 French., Sourie ; by the Germans, Syrien i and by tlie Englijh, Syria \ 
 but why fo caird, is much controverted among our modern Criticks, 
 with little fliew of Probability for the Truth of their various Opini- 
 ons on either hand. 
 
 3lir.] The Air of this Country is pure and ferenc, the Sky being 
 feldom over-caft with Clouds, and in moft Parts very healthtul to 
 breathe in \ only in the Months of June, July, Augufi, 'tis extraor- 
 diaary hot, if it prove either calm, or a gentle Wind from the De- 
 fart i but fas a repeated Miracle of Providencej thefe Months are ge- 
 ^ nerally 
 
Part II. Tarhy in oAfia. 277 
 
 nerally attended with cool wefteily Breezes from the Mediterranean. 
 The oppofite Place of the Globe to Syria, is that part of the vaft Pa- 
 cifick Ocean, between 231 and 236 Degrees of Longitude, v/:th 33 
 and 38 Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 ^oiL] The Soil of this Country (it lying in part of the 5th and 
 6th North Climate) is extraordinary fertile, where duly manur'd pro- 
 ducing moft forts of Grain and Fruits in great abundance. Here are 
 indeed feveral rocky and barren Mountains ; yet no Country in the 
 World can boaft of more pleafant, large, and fertile Tlains than this; 
 Plains of fuch a fat and tender Soil, that the Peafants, in many Pla- 
 ces, do till *em up with wooden Cnkers ; and that commonly by the 
 Alfiftance of one Horfe, or two Bullocks, to draw the Plough. ^ But 
 fhe Beauty and Excellency of this Country, is mightily eclips'd by- 
 various fad and melancholy Objeas, that prefent themfelves to the 
 Eye of the Traveller, -viz. Many Cities, Towns, and Villages, for- 
 merly well ftock'd with Inhabitants, and compaftly built, but now 
 quite depopulated and laid in Ruins ; as alfo many ancient Chriftian 
 Churches, once very fplendid and magnificent Stnifture?, but now 
 mere Heaps of Rubbilh, and the ordinary flefidence of wild Beafts. 
 
 ■ I I ■ Qudque ipfe miferrima vidi. 
 
 The longeft Day in the Northmoft Part of this Country, is about 14 
 Hours and an half i the fhorteft in the Southmoft is 9 Hours and 3 
 Quarters, and the Nights proportionably. Here it may not be im- 
 proper to redlify a grofs Miftake of our modern Geographers, who 
 treating of Syria^ make the River of Alepp (as they call n) to fall 
 into the Euphrates^ and affert it to be navigable up to the City ; 
 whereas it hath no Communication with Euphrates at all, but is_(al- 
 moft) of a quite contrary Courfe to that in the Maps, and fo far from 
 being a navigable River, that 'tis little better than a mere Brook ; or 
 at beft, but a very inconfiderablc Rivulet, haying its Rife a little way 
 ^outh-Eaft from Aleppo, and gliding gently along by the City, lofeth 
 it felf under Ground at a few Miles diftaiice on the other fide. 
 
 CommOliitie^.] The ch\ti Commodities of this Country, efpecially 
 thofe of Aleppo (which is the fecond City in the 'Turhl^ Empire^ and 
 one of the greateft Trade of any in the Levant^ being the Centre 
 
 Commerce between the Mediterranean and the Eaft-Lndies^ as alfo 
 the Seat of one of the moft flourilhing of all our Englijh Faaories 
 abroad; are Silks, Camblets, Valaneed, Galnuts, Cotton, Mohairs, 
 Soap, Galls, Jewels, Spices, and Dru^s of all forts, Sp^, 
 
 U 5 • ISimXiti' 
 
278 
 
 Turkey in Jfia* 
 
 Part 11- 
 
 Jlan'tie^O About fix Days Journey S. S. E. from Aleppo^ is the fa- 
 mous Falmyra or I'admor, now wholly in Ruins 5 yet fuch Remains of 
 many Porphyry Pillars, and remarkable Infcriptiens are ftill extant, as 
 fufiiciently evince its former State and Magnificence. For a p.a,rticur- 
 lat Draught and Defcription of it, vide 'Phil. IranfaB. N". 217, 218. 
 (z.) About one Hour's riding from the aforefaid 'Tadmory is a large 
 Valley of Salt, which is more probably thought to be that mention'd 
 ^Sam. viii. 15. (where King D/jw^ fmote the Syrians) than the other 
 about four Hours from Aleppo^ the' commonly taken for fuch. (5.) 
 On the fide of a Hill, nigh to Aleppo^ is a Cave or Grotto, remarkable 
 among the Turh^ for being, as they fty, the Refidence of A/or/ij: 
 Aly for fome Paysi where is alfo the rough ImpreflSon of a Hand in 
 the hard Rock, which they believe was made by him. C4O Under 
 one of the Gates' of Aleppo^ is a Place for which the Turks have a 
 great Veneration, keeping Lamps continually burning in it, becaufe 
 (according to a receiv*d Tradition among 'em) the Prophet did 
 live there for fome Time. (5.) In the Wall of a Mofque in the Sub- 
 urbs of Jleppo, is a Stone of 2 or 3 Poor fquare, which is wonder- 
 flilly regarded by the more fuperftitious fort of Chriftians i becaufe 
 in it is a natural f but obfcure J Refemblance of a Chalice, environ'd, 
 as *twere, with fome faint Rays of Light. Such ftrange Apprehen- 
 iions do the Romanifts in thefe Parts entertain concerning this Stone, 
 that for the Purchafe of it vaft Sums of Money have been proffer'd by 
 them to the Turks ; but as grofs Superftition in the former did hatch, 
 the Propofaljfo the fame in the latter produc'd the Refufal; xhtlwhs 
 being inexorable when requefted to fell or give that, which was once 
 fo facred as to become the conftituent part of a Mofque. (6.) Belong- 
 ing to the Jacobite Patriarch in AleppOy are Two fair MSS. of the 
 Gofpels, written on large Parchtnent Sheets in Syrian Characters ( and 
 th^fe either Gold or Silver^ with variety of curious Miniature. (1.) 
 Between Aleppo and Alexandretta ( or Scanderoon ) are the goodly Ruins 
 of feveral flateIyC/w/?itf»Churches, with variety of Stone-Coffins lying 
 above Ground in divers Places, and many Repofitories for the Dead 
 hewn out of the firm Rock ; but no perfect Ivfcriptions to be feen, 
 having a£iuallymade a particular Search for them my felffome Years 
 2go. ("8.) In the large Plain of Antioch fbeing fifteen Leagues long» 
 and three broad ^ is a (lately Caufway eroding almoft the Breadth of 
 the Plain, and pafling over feveral Arches [under which fome plea- 
 fant Rivulets do gently glide] all which was begun and finifh'd in fix 
 Months Time by the Grand Vizier, in the Reign of Achmet, and that 
 for a fpeedy Paflagc of the Grand Seigniors Forces to fupprefs the fre- 
 <|uent Revolts in the Eaftern Parts of his Empire. ( 9.) In feveral Ca- 
 vities of Rocks among Byland-Mountains (a few Hours jitom Scanderoon'^ 
 is fometimcs found good ftore sf Raia-Wat?r, compleatly petr^y4^_ 
 
 the" 
 
Part II. Tmley in AJia. 279 
 
 the exceffive Heat of the Sun Beams. ( lo.) Nigh to theFaaory Ma- 
 rbe afwL^. is a large, but unfini(h'djBuilding, commonly call d 
 c J I r^Rh • heinff vulgar Y fuppos'd to have been eietted by 
 
 th'e c'aL.of his Fortune againft the 
 iurl but 'tis more probably thought to be of an anaenter Dat«, 
 having thereon the Arms of G.rf/..^ of BuIlo>g.. J^/^I" the Eaft- 
 S part of Mrcon^Bay, is a ruinous old Bmlding, known com- 
 ^nnlv bv the Name of fonah's FiUnr, ereaed (as the modern Greeks 
 XdL/in tlat very Pl{ce where the Whale did vomit him forth. 
 I 's in^deVd much CanLot undefervedly ) dou^^^ 
 ment was ereaed there upon f«ch an Occafion ; 'ns hjhly p^^^^^^^ 
 ble,thatthisindividualPartoftheBaywastheveryPlaceof:he^^ae^^ 
 De ivery, it being the tleareft to Nineveh of any in the Le^^;»f. Which 
 roSu e I humbly fuppofc, is fome-what more reafonable than that 
 Sm!Xeamrg7nc^ 
 
 Fifh did more than furround one Quarter of the World the fpace 
 of Seventy two Hours at moft ; and that too when big with Child. 
 
 mmmm^^, ^c.] Archbijhopricks, Bipopricks, Umverftties, 
 See Natalia. 
 
 Manner.^.] The inhabitants of this Country are mo&ly 'Turks 
 znd Greeks [whofe refpeaive Charaaers are already given in Turkejf 
 of Europe, Page i8o and jSy.] as alfo many ^eavs &nd Armemans, 
 liith other Sorts of Chriftians intermixt, of whom the Reader may 
 findfome Account towards the latter Part of this Seaion, when we 
 come to treat of Palefiine and the Euphratian Provinces, 
 
 %&\mm ] The chief L^»^«^^^ of this Country is the furhjh, 
 rfor a Specimen of which videp. iSS.) the ancient Syriac being loft 
 among 'em. The various Enropfans herp refiding, do commonly ulc 
 iihe Lingua Franca. 
 
 eotsetnment.] This Country being fubjea unto, and fucceffively 
 rul'd by the Seleueid^, the Rom^^ns, the Saracens, the Chnfiiam, and 
 Sultans of Egypt, was at laft conquer'd by the I«rb in the Tinie ot 
 Selimtis I. Anno 151 7. under whofe heavy Yoke it hath ever fince 
 groan'd, and is at prefent govern'd by its p articular B/#?, appointed 
 by ihtGrand Seignior, whofe Place of Refidence is ordinarily at AleppOi 
 the principal City of this Province, and thought to be the Aram iobah^ 
 mention d in Holy Scripture. But the wholeCountryof5>w^ [accord- 
 ing to its modern Extent] is fubjea to Three Baffas ' the firft com- 
 monly refiding (as aforefaid) at Aleppo ; the fecond at Damafcus m 
 Fhcenice • and the third at Tripoli of Syria. Subordinate to each ot 
 thefe Baffas, both here and in other Parts of the Ottoman Doimn^ons^ 
 
2 So Turkey ia Jfia. Part IT. 
 
 are various CaMs or Judges, who hear and determine the feveral Cau- 
 fes, whether Civil or Criminal, which at any time happen between 
 Man and Man. And here I can't omit one Particular (which as 'tis a 
 mighty Difparagement to this People, fo I wift, 'twere peculiar to 
 jhenri) viz. their mercenary Biftrlbutlon of J-ufiice ; for not always the 
 Equity of the Caufe, but the Liberality of the Party, does ordinarily 
 determine the Matter ; as fome of our Engljjh Faftories in thefe Parts 
 pf the Worl4 have experienc'd more than once. 
 
 3Crm^.] See the Enfigns Armorial of the Grand Seignior 188. 
 
 Ileliai'on.] The eftablifh'd Religion of this Country, is that of Ma- 
 ^ometanifm ; the effential Tenets of which are already fet down (pae. 
 
 to which I remit the Reader. But fince one Thing enioin'd by 
 that Religion, is the moft excellent and neceffary Duty of Frayer^ I 
 can't omit one laudable Praaice of this People in that Point ; I mean 
 iiot only their inimitable Frequency in performing this Duty Cwhich 
 is Five times a Day; but alfo their moft commendable Fervency and 
 Serioufnefs in the Performance of it. For whenever they fet about the 
 fame, theyaddrefs themfelves to the Almighty with all profound Re- 
 fpea and Reverence imaginable, and in the humblelt Pofture they can ; 
 fometimes ftanding, often kneeling, and frequently proftrating them-' 
 felveson the Ground, and kifling the fame and during the whole 
 Performance, their very Countenance doth plainly declare the inward 
 Fervour and Devotion of their Mind. Yea.fo exad and punftual are 
 they in obfervmg the various Hours appointed for Prayer, andfofe- 
 yious and devout in performing that Duty, that the Generality of us 
 Chriftians have too good Reafon (in both thefe Refpeas) to fay with 
 the Poet. Fudet hac opprobria noils, &c. The Muezans or Marakunds 
 (being thofe Perfons who call the People to Prayers) ufe commonly 
 thek Words Allah ekher, allah ekber, allah ekber ■ efchadou in la illab 
 illal ah -. hi allefalla, hi allefaUa, allah eUer, allah ekber, allah eUer, 
 la lUah illallah, i. e. " God is great, God is great, God is great ; give 
 
 Teftimony that there is but one God : Come, yield your felves 
 
 up to his Mercy, and pray him to forgive you your Sins. God 
 « n ,f gi-eat, God is great, there is none other God but 
 
 Ood. Dilpers d over all this Country,and intermixt with ihtTurh 
 are many Jews, and various forrs of Chrljlians, particularly Greeks* 
 Armenians, Maronltes, &c. but moft lamentable is thatState of thofe 
 Chriftians at prefent, not only in refpea of that woful Ignorance 
 under which they univerfally labour, and the Turkin, Slavery and 
 Inlolence to which they are cxpos'd ; but alfo in point of thofe 
 ditmal Heats and Divifions,'thofe numerous Faffions and'Parties now 
 aniotig em ; for fo bitterly inveterate are they againft one another, 
 and to luch a Height do their Animofities frequently come, as to give 
 
 frejlh 
 
Part II. Turley in oAfta. 281 
 
 frefh Occafion to the common Enemy to harrafs them more and 
 more. Chrifiiamty was planted very early in thefe Parts of the 
 World ; moft of this Country being water'd with the Blejed Gofpet 
 in the Apoftolick Age. 
 
 Tbrnicia, or Thmke, 
 
 THIS Country ( very famous of old, but now of a very fad and 
 melancholy Afpefl:, and groaning under the Turk/Jh Yoke) hath 
 undergone fuch difmal Devaftations by the deftroying Arabsy that 
 there's nothing now remarkable in it, fave a few ancient Maritime 
 Cities (moftly in Ruins) which yet maintain fomething of Trade 
 with Strangers, as particularly Damafcus Ccall'd by the 'Turks, Scham) 
 St. John d'Jcre (formerly Ftolemais) and laftly, Sure and Saidy which 
 were the ancient 'Tyre and Sidon. Leaving therefore this dcfolate 
 Country, we pafs on to 
 
 FaUfliney or Judaa. 
 
 |5anie.]'nnH I S Country [moft memorable in Holy Scriptare, and 
 J[ fometiinies ftil'd Canaariy from Canaan, the Son of 
 Cham 5 fometiimes the L<«wi/ of tromife,htczv^f^torms A to Abraham 
 and his Seed ; and fometimes Jud<x,a, from the Nation of the^ew, 
 or People of the Tribe of Juda^ and now bounded on the Eaft and 
 North by part ot Syria propria ; on the Weft by part of the Mediterra- 
 nean Sea ; and on the South by Jrahia Vetrtta'] is term'd by the Itet- 
 Itans and Spaniards^ talefiina ; by the French^ Palefiine ; by the Ger- 
 mans, Falefiinen, or das Gelobte Land ; by the Englip, Palejiine, or the 
 Hely Land. It's called Palejiine, quajl Philijiinj from the Philijiins, 
 once a mighty Nation therein ; and Holy Land, becaufe 'twas the 
 Scene of the Life and Suflferings of the Ever-blefled and moft Hc4y 
 y E SUSi the glorious Redeemer of Men. 
 
 Mit.] The Air of this Country, excepting thofe Parts adjacent to 
 the Lake of Sodom (of which afterwards) is fo extraordinary plea- 
 fant, ferene and healthful to breathe in, that many of its prefent Inha- 
 bitants do frequently arrive to a confiderable Age. The oppofite 
 Place of the Globe to Palefiine, is that part of the vaft Pacifick Ocean 
 between 227 and 232 Degrees of Longitude, with 29 and 32 Degrees 
 of South Latitude. 
 
 ^Ol'f.] This Country ffituated partly in the 4th and 5th North 
 Climate, and not exceeding Seventy Leagues in Length from North 
 
 to 
 
28? ' Turkey in Afia, Part II. 
 
 to South, and thirty in Breadth from Eaft to Weft) was blefled with 
 an extraordinary rich and fertile Soil^ producing all things in fuch 
 abandance, that the Scripture terms it, A Land fioiviKg ivith Milk and 
 Honey \ yea, fo wonderful was the Fertility thereof, and fuch vaft Mul- 
 titudes of People did it maintain, thatK. D-tw^numbred in his Time 
 no lefs than 1300000 fighting Men, befides the Tribes of Levi and 
 Benjamin. But, alas ! fuch were the crying Sins of its Inhabitants, that 
 it not only fpew'd them out, as it had done thofe who dwelt before 
 them ; but the Almighty being highly provoked by their many and 
 repeated Abominations, hath turn d that fntitful Land into Barrenness , 
 for the Wickedne/s of them ivho d'iVelt therein. For fuch is the difmal 
 State of this Country at prefent, that (befides the I'urkip Yoke, under 
 ■which it groans) the greateft part thereof is not only laid wafte, but 
 even whereduly manur'd, 'tis generally obferv'd, that the .So/7 is not 
 near fo fertile as formerly. The longelj Day in the Northmoft part 
 of this Country, is about 14 Hours and a quarter ; the fhorteft in the 
 Southmoft, is about 10 Hours, and the Night proportionably. 
 
 ComniObitiCS?.] Such is the mean and depauperated State of this 
 Country at prefent, that we may now reckon it deftitute of all Com^ 
 rnodities for the Merchant ; its Inhabitants, now a-days, being mere 
 Strangers to all manner of Commerce. In its flourifhing Condition, 
 under the Kings of Judah and Ifrael, the People thereof did indeed 
 Hianage a very confiderable Trade abroad, and that chiefly by the 
 two famous Emporiums of "Tyre and Sydon above- mention'd, befides 
 the Ships of Tarjhijlj, which Solomon fent yearly to the Land of Ophir ; 
 and fo noted were thefe two maritime Cities of old for Merchandi- 
 zing, that the Evangelical Prophet, [faiah xxiii. S. denouncing the 
 Overthrow of "Tyre, calls it, 'The cro'wning City, whofe Merchants are 
 Frinces, and ivhofe 'Traffickers are the Honourable of the Earth : And, 
 Verfe. 5. he term?th Sydony A Mart of Nations. But fo fully accom- 
 plifh'd is the prophetical Denunciatien againft 'em both, and fo low 
 aiddefpicable is their Condition at prefent, that I heartily wifh all 
 Botjrifhing tities of Chrijiendom might be fo wife, as ferioufly to re- 
 fleS: on the fame, and to take timely Warning by them, efpecially 
 Gonfidering, thatmoft of our Populous and Trading Cities, are now 
 fuch Dens of Iniquity, that their Inhabitants may juftly dread, That 
 '/wi// he more tolerable for Tyre and Sydon in the Day of jfudgment, than 
 for them. 
 
 0ar5tie;i.] In the Southern Parts of PaleJIine, is AfphaUis or Af- 
 phattitei (To term'd from ctVeWAT©-, i. e. Bitumen) that noted 
 Lake c^Jttdxa^ where the abominable Cities of Sodom and Gomorrah 
 formerly flood, other wife calkd the Bead Sea ^ and remarkable at pre- 
 sent for abundance of fitlphureous Vap«wrS; which ftill afcend in fo 
 
Part II. Turkey in Jfia. 285 
 
 great a meafure, that no Bird is able iro fly from one fide of the Lake 
 to the other. 'Tis alfo obfervable for good ftore of Apples growing 
 near its Banks, which appear very lo vely to the Ey e, but being touchc 
 and cut up, prove mere naught, being nothing elfe but a Heap of 
 naufeous Matter. ( z.) Nigh to the Place of the ancient Sarepta, are 
 many Caves and Apartments hewn out of the firm Rock, which fome 
 vainly imagine to have been the Habitation of Men in the Golden Age, 
 before Cities in thefe Parts of the World were well known i but others, 
 with greater {hew of probability, take 'em for the Caves of the Sido- 
 i niansy mentioned in the Book of Jo/fo«rf, under the Name ofMearah, 
 (5.) Not far from the (once) noted City of ^yre, are feveral large 
 ! fquare Cifterns, which ftill go by the Name of Solomon's, among the 
 i Chriftians of that Country ; but why fo calPd, they can give no other 
 Reafon than bare Tradition. (4.; At St. John d'Jcre (the ancient 
 Ttohmah) are yet to be (een the Ruins of a Palace, which acknow- 
 i ledgeth Richard L King of England, for its Founder, and the Lion 
 ' paffant is ftill vifible upon fome of the Stones. ( 5.) Cn Mount Cavmel 
 are fome Remains of a Monafteiy of Carmelite Friars, with a Temple 
 i dedicated to the blefled Virgin ; and under it is a private Cell or Cave, 
 I which Travellers alledgc to be the ancient refiding Place of the Pro- 
 phet Elias. On the fame Mountain are found a great many Stones that 
 have the lively Impreffion of Filbes Bones upon 'era ; as alfo abun- 
 dance of petrefy'd Fruit, particularly Plumbs.or Stones ofthatRefem- 
 blance. {6.) Not far from the Brook Cedron Itands a part of the Pillar 
 I of Abfalom.vihich he erefted in his Life-time,out of an ardentjDefire 
 ' to eternise bis Name ; and nigh to it is a great Heap of fmall Stones, 
 ! which daily increafeth, becaufe either Jew or Mahometan paffing by, 
 ' leldom fail to throw one at the fame, and that out of Abhorrency of 
 the Son's Rebellion againft the Father. ( 7.; In the Mountains of 
 dah is a remarkable Spring, where Thilip is faid to have baptized the 
 ; Ethiopian Eunuch, whereupon 'tis call'd by the Name of, l^he Ethio- 
 pian Fountain, and hath a Church adjacent, erefted ('tis probable^ 
 out of Devotion, in Honour of the Place, and Memory of that Fad. 
 Yet (by the by) 'twould feem, that this were not the Place of the 
 I Ethiopians Baptifm ; becaufe thofe rocky and declining Mountains 
 I are hardly paflable on Horfeback, much lefs in a Chariot. (8.) Nigh 
 ' to the aforefaid Fountain is a confiderable Cave, where 'tis reported,' 
 St. John the Baptift did live from the feventh Year of his Age, till 
 he appear'd in the Wildernefs of Jttd<za, as the promis'd Ehas. (9.) 
 At Bethlehem is the gOodly T?mple of the Nativity, ereaed by St, 
 Helena i,Mothtx of Conjlantine the Great) yiho call'd it S.t. il^ary'i 
 of Bethlehem. 'Tis now pofiefs'd by tlie Franciscans of Jemfalem, and 
 is ftill intire, having many Ch=apels and Altars, but thofe little fre- 
 quented i except it be lipoh extraordinary Occafions. f 10.) In the 
 3VI'oiiiitai'ns of JudM are the Remains of an ancient Church, built by 
 
 I 
 
1284 Turkey in nAfia, Part II. 
 
 Sr. Helena^ and dedicated to St. John the Baptift, and that in the 
 Kace where Zachary the Prophet was born. And nigh to it (where 
 the blefled Virgin did vifit herCoufin Elizabeth) is a GrottOyin which, 
 'cisfaid, that the Body o( Elizabeth lies interr'd. (11.) Upon the left 
 band in going out of the City of Jerufalem^ by the Gate of jfoppa^ is 
 Mount Sion, on whofe top are ftill to be feen the Ruins of the 't'oiver 
 of David, which was once a Building of wonderful Strength, and 
 admirable Beauty, {iz.) Upon Mount Calviry is the ftately Temple 
 ef the Holy Sepulchre, built by the afoiefaid virtuous St. Helenay and 
 hitherto vificed by Multitudes of Chriftians, who flock to it from aU 
 Farts of the World, either out of Devotion or Curiofity. It'sdivi-- 
 ded into a vaft Multitude of Apartments, containing many Chapels 
 and Altars, which, for the moft part, receive their Names from fome 
 lernarkabie Circum fiance of our Saviour's Paflion ; befides thofe pe- 
 culiar to Chriftians of different Nations at Jerusalem, particularly 
 the Abyj]iTies, Armenians, Georgians, Cophtes, Jacobites, MaroniteSf 8cc^ 
 and at the Entry of one of thofe Chapels is the Sepulchre of God- 
 frey of Bulhign on the one hand, and that of his Brother Baldwin's 
 on the other. But lajlly. In and about Jernfalem ( befides the Obfer- 
 vables above- mention'dj are thefe following Particulars, viz. A 
 Mcfcjtte erefted in the very Place where once flood the Ccen<7culum, 
 the Church of St. Saviour, and that of the Purification of the bleflre4 
 Virgin, with her fplendid Sepulchre ; all three built by the incom- 
 parable St. Helena. Add to thefe the decent Tomb of Zachary, 
 near Brook Cedron, with the Sepulchre of Lazarus, at the Town of 
 Bethany. Here likewifc are fhewn to Pilgrims all other noted Place? 
 in or about the City, which are frequently mention 'd in the Sacred 
 Volume ; as Mount Olivet, the Garden of Gethfemane, the Valleys of 
 'iehofaphat and Gehinnon, the Tool of Siloim, the Fieldof Blood, &c. They 
 moreover fhew 'cm the Places where formerly flood the Falaces of 
 CaiaphasyPilate, and Herod, with the Houfes at Martha VindMary, and 
 Annas the High-Prieft; as alfo the particular Place where St. Tetef 
 •©■■ept upon the Denial of his Mafter, and where Judas the Traytor 
 Itang'd himfelf for betraying of him. And finally. The Pilgrims are 
 s-onduO^ed unto, and vifit the refpe£iive Place of each particular 
 Scene of our Saviour's SufFeringj., with that of his Afcenfion at laft. 
 All which are fully defcribed by G. Scxndys, 1'hevenot, and other later 
 Travellers in the Holy Land. To thefe Rarities of Falepne, I might 
 alfc add thofe many remarkable Creatures (whether Beafts, Birds, or 
 f ifiiesj that are mention'd in Holy Writ, and formerly more plenti- 
 ful than at prefent in this Country, ^ut having drawn out this Pa- 
 ragraph already to fo great a length, I lhall not venture upon fo 
 vaft a Subjcfi ; remitting the Reader to that incomparable Work of 
 the learned Bochartus, De Animalihus S., Scriptura^ where he may bq 
 fitUy fatisfy'd in that Matter. 
 
Part II. Tnrkey in (sAfia, 28 f 
 
 3llrc!)fcifi)0)?2iCli^.] As for ArchbipoprkkSf Bijhopricks, Vnwevftt'iet^ 
 fee Natolia. 
 
 Haannet^.] The mountainous Parts of this Country are mdftly 
 poffefs'd by the Arabs (of whom in Arabia) the Valleys by the Moors 
 (of whom in Africa). Other People here refiding, are a few Turks, 
 and many Chrifiians, particularly Greeks (of whom in Europe) and 
 intermixed with all thefe, are fome Jfiw, and of them here in parti- 
 cular. The Modern Jetvs, to fay nothing of 'em in former Tirnes, are 
 generally charaaeris'd thus, viz. A Vagabond, Perfidious and Oblti- 
 nate fort of l^eople • a People now living as mere Aliens, not only la 
 moft Parts of the Earth, but alfo in this [once] their own C9"ntry ; 
 a People indeed univeifally given to Trading where-ever dilpersd, 
 but as univerfally addi^ed to Cozening and Ufury where-ever they 
 find Occafion ; a People fo fingularly lligmati^-d by Heaven, that 
 (according to the Prophet's Predi6^ion) they're now become an .1/*- 
 mfloment and Hijftngt^ all Nations. In a Word, J[,c Modern Jews 
 (being extremely blindled in Judgment, and perverfe m Will) do not 
 cnly remain molt obftimate in denying the Mejftas already come, not- 
 withftanding the cleaireft Demonftration to the contrary ; but alio 
 they're a i'cople, that"s uniyerfally corrupted in Morals ; and that m 
 the highcft Degree, die Generality of 'em being addifted to th€ 
 blackeit of Vices. 
 
 5lan0Ua0e.] This Country being under the 'turkijh Yoke, its In- 
 habitants do generally ufe the Turkifh Tongue, The various Chnfii^ 
 ans here refiding (whether European or Jftatick) do commonly ipcak 
 thofe Languages peculiar to the Countries to which^they originally 
 belong. 
 
 <0Ot»ernment.] How, and by whom this Country was goyern'i, 
 till it became a Reman Province, is beft learn'd from the Hiftoncal 
 Part of the Sacred Volume, and the Writings of the noted Jewijh 
 Hiftorian, Jofephus. The Land of Palefline being brought under the 
 Roman Senate by Fompey the Great, continu'd fubjeft to that State, 
 till the Beginning of the Seventh Century, when 'twas invaded by 
 the Perfians, and afterwards made a Prey to the Saracens, yet refcua 
 from them by the Ghijiians, under Godfrey of Bulhign, Anm 1099. 
 v/hofe Succelfors held it about Eighty Years; but being taken from 
 them by Saladin, King of Syria and Egypt, it remam'd (ubjett to the 
 Calyphs of Eqypt, till conquer'd, Anno 1517. by Sslimus the Firft» 
 Emperor of the Turks, who fubjeaed the fame to the Omm.m Yoke, 
 under which it groans to this very Day. 
 
28(5 
 
 Turkey in Jfia. 
 
 Part II. 
 
 SCrmiSO '^'*"?' Chriftian Kings of JerufaUm were t«»/x, 
 a Crofs Croflet-ciofle, Soly commonly call'd the Crofs of yerujahm. 
 But this Country being now a Part (as aforefaid) of the Ottoman Do- 
 tninions, is allow'd no particular Arms atprefent, andean only claim 
 a Share of the Enfigns Armoria! of the i'urkijh Empire in general. 
 What thefe are, fee Turkey in Europe^ p. ii8. 
 
 fpieligion.] The prefent Inhabitants of Palepney are in Point of 
 Jteligioriy reducible to Three Clafles, viz.. Chrijlians, Jenvs^ and Met^ 
 l)ometam. The chief Tenets embraced and maintain'd by the ^firft 
 and laftofthefe, may be feen in their proper Places, when treating of 
 Chr'ifiendom and Turkey in Europe. As for the Jews^ I think no Place 
 more proper todifcourfe of their Religio*i, than in this their ancient 
 Country. Know therefore, that the Modern Jewsy both here and 
 elfewhere, adhere ftill as clofely to the Mofakk Difpenfation, as their 
 prefent Circumftances in a difpers'd and defpis'd Condition will allow. 
 TheirService chiefly confifts in reading of their Law in the Synagogue, 
 together with various Prayers, which they perform with little or no 
 Appearance of Devotion. Sacrifices they ufenot fincetheDeftruftion 
 of their Temple at 3'«>'«/'»/e»^. The chief Articles of their prefent 
 Belief and Praftice, are thefe following : (i.) They all agree in the 
 Acknowledgment of a Supreme Being, both elTentially andperfonally 
 one ; but entertain fome ridiculous Apprehenlions concerning hira,as 
 particularly,the great Pleafure they vainly imagine he takes in reading 
 thtit'Talmttd. (z.) They acknowledgea twofold Law of God, wt. a 
 Written and JJnivrhten one : The Written is that deliver 'd by God to 
 thclfyaelitesy and recorded in the Five Books of ilifo/s/. TheVntvrit- 
 ten-wAs alfo, as they pretend, deliver'd by God to Mofes, and banded 
 down from him by Oral Tradition, and now to be receiv'd pieta- 
 i'ls affeHu, with the former. (^.) They aflert the Perpetuity of their 
 Law, together with its PsrfeBion \ believing there canbenothingad- 
 ded to it, or taken from it. ( 4.) They unanimoufly deny the Ac- 
 complifhment of the Promifes and Prophecies concerning the A^ejpas; 
 obftinatelyalledging, that he is not yet come, and that whenever he 
 appears, 'twill be with the greateft worldly Pomp and Grandeur ima- 
 ginable, fubduing all Nations before him, and making them acknow- 
 ledge Subjection to the Houfe of Jiidah, For evading the exprefs Pre- 
 dictions of the Prophets, concernirg his mean Condition and Sufifer- 
 ings, they, without any Shadow of Divine Authority, do confidently 
 talk of a twofold MeJJias'-i one Ben-Epbraim, whom they grant to be a 
 Perfon of a mean and affliCted Coriditjon in this "World ; another Ben- 
 Davidyvv ho they believe fhall be a vi£torious,powerful Prince,and the 
 Reftorer of 'em to their former Liberty and Poffeflions. ( 5.) They 
 think that the Sacred Name of God can't be blafphem'd by Man,if he 
 
 only 
 
Part II. liurliey in Afis. 2S7 
 
 _nly refrain from expreffing the adorable Ts fcf.^^,ixiietjQV. (5 J They 
 condemn all manner of Images, though only dcfign'd as a bare Re- 
 prefentation of Perfons to After-ages. (7.) They imagine, Thatthe 
 Sabbath-Day is to be fo ftriSly obferv'd,that Works even of Neceffity 
 ' and Mercy are to be neglefted. L«/?/y, They believe a Rcfurreftion 
 from the Dead at the tnd of Time, and expeft a General Judgment 
 at the laft Day, Thele we may reckon the chief Articles of the 
 Creed at prefent ; but befides them, they admit of many other 
 Things which only Ufe and Cuftom have authoriz'd, and thofe are 
 very different, according to the different Countries in which they 
 now refide. They are ftill obfervant (according to their Circura- 
 ftancesj not only of the various Feftivals appointed by God in the Jeiv- 
 ijb Church; but alfo fever al others of Human Inftitution, particularly 
 that which they yearly celebrate in Memory of their Deliverante 
 from the projeaed Ruin of wicked Hamari; during which Feftival, 
 the Book ofEper is thrice read over in their Synagogues ; and when- 
 ever the Name of Bc^r.art is mention'd, they all with one accord» 
 beat furioufly with Hammers upon their Desk, as {hewing thereby 
 their Abhorrcncy of that Perfon who intended fo bloody a Maffacre 
 of their Forefatheis. The joyful Tidings of the bleffed Gofpel were 
 proclaim'd in this Country by Chriji himfelf, and his Apoftles ; but 
 the obftinate Jews did fnut their tyes againft the Light, and ftill 
 perfift in their inlflexible Obftinacy 10 this very Day. 
 
 § 4. The Euphratian Provinces. 
 
 \ ^aute.] nr^Ke remaining Parts of the i^j'?<i'''c^T«»'%, ^teGeorgiit;, 
 I J[ and D//j!*-ie<:L Thefe Provinces are boun- 
 
 j ded on the Eaft by Per^a; on the Weft by part of NatoUa and Syria 
 pvopria ; on the North by a little of Mofcovia ; and on the South by 
 i Arabia Deferta. Geortrja Cformerly Iberia) is fo call'd from Qsorgt, a 
 j People anciently inhabiting thefe Parts. "Turkomania ('formerly Ar- 
 menia Major) fo call'd from the "Turkst a Scythian People, who broke 
 thro' the Cafpnn Straits, and poffefs'd themfelves of thefe adjacent 
 Provinces. And laj}ly, Diarbeck (formerly Mefopctamia and Vadan^ 
 Aram, of the Scripturesj but why fo call'd, I find no fatisfaOiory 
 Account. We chufe to confider all thefe Three under the affum'd 
 Title ofEuphratcan Prcvinces^ becaufe they lie near the Body and 
 Branches of that [once] famous River oi Euphrates, 
 
 5llir.] The/^irof thefe Countries is generally very pleafant, health^ 
 ful, and temperate, efpecially in the firftand laft, "The oppofite Place: 
 of the Globe to thefe Provinces, is that parr of the vaft Paeif.ckOce/zn^ 
 
 lying 
 
fl88 TuYkey in oAfia. Part II. 
 
 lying between 257 and 247 Degrees of Longitude, with 37 and 45 
 Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 ^Otl.] The Soil of thefe various Pjovinces (they lying in the (5th 
 and 7th North Climate;) is generally reckon'd very fit for Pafture on 
 the Bank of the Tygris and Euphrates ; and in many Places it produ- 
 ceth abundance of Fruits, with Variety of Grain. As aifo Georgia is 
 faid to afford great Plenty of excellent Wine. ThelongeftDay in the 
 Northmoft Part of thefe various Provinces, is about 15 Hours and an 
 half ; the fhorteft in the Southmoft is 5) Hours and 3 Quarters, and 
 the Nights proportionably. 
 
 Commodities^.] Thefe being inland provinces, do not manage any 
 brisk or confiderable Trade with foreign Parts, and therefore their 
 Commodities are not very numerous i thofe they export ©r bartet with 
 their Neighbours, being chiefly Pitch, Fruits, Silk, and fuch like. 
 
 flaritie^.] At Ourfa^ in Diarbeck, is a large Fountain well ftock'd 
 ■with Fifhes, call'd by the Turh^ Abraham's Fountain a»d Fijhes ; and 
 of fo great a Veneration among 'em, that the Banks of it are cover'd 
 ■with curious Carpets for above 20 Paces in Breadth, (z.) Nigh to 
 the aforfaid Ourfa^ is a Mountain remarkable for feveral Grottoes^ in 
 ■which are to befeen very ancient Sepulchres of many primitive Chri- 
 ftians. (^.) AA]2iCenx. to Car afar a fanother Town in Diarbech) are 
 many little Rooms hewn out of the firm Rock, which were probably 
 fome private Cells for ancient Chriftians, who affefted fiich Retire- 
 ments; each of "em having, as 'twere,a Table andBench, with a repo- 
 fing Place, all artificially cut out of the hard Stone, andovereach of 
 their Doors is a lively ImprelEon of a Crofs. (4) On the Eaft of ly- 
 gvisy overagainftil^o/«/, are the Ruins (and thofe hardly difcernable) 
 of the once great and famous City of Ntne-veh ; the very Profpe£t of 
 ■which, may ftrike the Beholder with juft Apprehenfions of the fading 
 Glory or all fublunary Magnificence, and that the largeft of Cities are 
 not too big a Morfel for devouring Time to confume. (5.) About a 
 Day and half 's Journey iiomBagdaty is the Sepulchre of the Prophet 
 Ezekiel, which is yearly vifited by the Jews of Bagdat with great 
 Devotion. (6.) About the fame Dillance from Bagdaty but between 
 the Euphrates and lygris^ is a prodigious Heap of Earth, intermix'd 
 ■with a multitude of Bricks bak'd in the Sun, whereof each is 50 
 Inches fquare, and 3 thick, the whole being 500 Paces in Circuit, is 
 caird Nemrod by the Chrijlians and Jews in thofe Parts,and commonly 
 believ'djby the vulgar fort of *em,ro be the Remains of the renowned 
 Tower of Babel; but others rather follow the Opinion of the modern 
 Arabsy who call it Agartoufy and believe it to have been rais'd by an 
 Arabian Prince^as a Beacon or Watch Tower,to call his Subjefts toge- 
 ther 
 
Part li. Turkey m Mfia; 
 
 j. ^rCpilT)0p2icft^, &C.3 For ArchltJhopricksjBfJheptich, VntVeYfiliis ; 
 fee NatoUa. 
 
 Iptflnil^C^f.] The Inhabitants of rhefe different Provinces, are very 
 (different in their Tempers and Manners. The Armenians (or thofe of 
 'Tuvcomama ) are Perfons of a gobd Eehavidilti and juftiri their Deal- 
 ings ; and feme of them faddidted to Tfaffiekj are difpers'd thro* 
 moft parts of the Trading \Vorid. But the People of Georgia ate faij 
 to be extremely given to Thieving, Drunkennef*', and moft forts bf 
 bther Vices. Thofe of the Female Sex are generally reckbn'd tl>a 
 iiioft beautiful Women of any in all the Oriental Countries and fo 
 highly efteem'd are they by the Grand Seignior^ and King of Per/?*?^ 
 that their refpe£iive Seraglio's are well ftor'd with thetri. 
 
 Eanjjudge.] the TmVijh, Terjlan, and Armenian Tongues, are all 
 iinderftood, and much us'd in thefe Provinces, efpecially tlie Tmli^}, 
 In L'iarbeck xhc Armimian Tongue^ is chiefly made Ufe of *i Divine S.i- 
 vice, and in Georgia the corrupted Greek. 
 
 <©Obernment;] The -^eftem Parts of thefe Provinces do own 
 Subjettion moftly to the Gr^nd Seignior, ind the Eaftern to the King 
 bf Pery?^, and that purely as theNeceffiiyof their Affairs requires. 
 Thofe fubjefl: to the Gr ami Seignior, ate govern'd by various Beglerbegsi 
 bf his Appointment; and thofe in Subjeaidn to the PeW?^w Povver^ 
 are rul'd by feveral Princes, fottie bearing the Title of Kings fas one 
 in the Eaft of Georgia) vvho are eleded by the King ofFerfia, and 
 Tributary to him. Neverthelefs, thefe are in thefe Provinces feveral 
 Kings and Princes, ^vho fear neither the 0«(7w.-rw Slavery, norrhe 
 ferjian Power ; but eagerly maintain their Freedom, and Keep alt 
 the PafTes of the Mountain^, notwithflanding many Efforts hitherto 
 made to the contrary. 
 
 %m^,} See the Enfigns Armorial o^the Grand Seignior, Page i88i 
 
 ^ 0£ligion»] The prevailing Religion in many Parts of this Country; 
 ^ that of the Armenians : The principal Points whereof are thefe 
 Three : (i-J They allow the ApopVtck and Nicene Creeds, but agree 
 with the Greeh in afferting the PrbcelSon of the Holy Ghoft from the 
 /'f They believe that Chrifi at his Defcent into Hell,' 
 
 treed the Soals of all the Damn'd from thenet, aad repriev'd tUem till 
 
2^0 Turkey^ in Jfia. Part IL 
 
 the End of the World, when they fhall be remanded to eternal 
 Flames, (z.) They alfo believe that the Souls of the Righteous are 
 not admitted to the Beatifical Vifion until after the Refurreaion ; 
 and yet they pray to Saints departed, adore their Piftures, and burn 
 Lamps before them, praying likewife for the Dead in general. They 
 ufe Confeflion to the Prieft, and of late have been taught the ftrange 
 Doarine of Tranfubftantiation by Popifh Emiffaries, difpers d thro 
 moft Parts of this large Country; but they ftiU give the Hucharift m 
 both Species to the Laity, and us'd nnleaven'd Bread foak d in Wine. 
 In adminiftring the Sacrament of Baptifm, they plunge the Intant 
 thrice in Water, and apply the Chrifm with confecrated Oil in torm 
 of a Cr»fs, to feveral Parts of the Body ; and then touch the Child s 
 Lips with the Eucharift. Thefe are the chief Tenets and Praftices 
 of the Armeniatjs in Religious Matters : But to thefe we may add 
 that vaft multitude of Fafis and Fejihals, which they punftually 
 obferve Cone fourth part of the Year being fuch) ; and truly, it is m 
 the Obfervation of 'em that the very Face of the Chriftian Keligion 
 is as yet kept up among this People. Chriftiafihy was planted m thefe 
 Parts of the World in the earlieft Ages of the Church, Bariholomena 
 the Apoftle being generally reckon'd the chief, if not firft, Propaga- 
 (01 thereof. 
 
 SECT. 
 
Pirt IL 
 
 > S E G T. VL 
 Concerning tht Afiatick l^lands^ 
 
 ^ The Ja^an Iflands* 
 \ The PM/Z'/f/w Iflands. 
 Reduc'd i^age 45.) to fix Claffes, ]The Ifles Des Larrdnu 
 ^'Z» ^The Moluccoe St 
 
 J The Iflands of the SuncL 
 C The Maldives and CeyJon* 
 
 Thechicfof the>;^A ^2/^ IZ*^ 
 
 The chief of the fa-S 
 
 In the Iflands Bps Larrons 
 
 The chief of the JM^i-S^vl" 
 
 C Borneo • 
 
 The chief of the liXQsjSumatra — . 
 of the are. 
 
 fj'*'^^ """" — 
 
 The chief of the Maldives is ilifd/tf -- 
 In the Ifland Ce^lm < -" .—1 ' . 
 
 Idem — 1 
 
 Achen — iFromN.CO $t 
 
 n Idem 
 
 a 
 
 None. 
 
 { ^ j Idem ; 
 ^ Idem 
 
 a 
 
 ^W. to ^ 
 
 CivAelo- ^ 
 
 
 Idem — 
 
 • Under thcEr 
 
 
 ^ quator. 
 
 Mata- ' 
 
 Borneo*, 
 
 r/jt»j S.ofj 
 
 
 None. 
 
 
 
 
 Thefe Iflands /as afof$faidj being reduc'd fo fix Clafles; of eaci| 
 of thefe CUfles feparaiely, and in their Older, Therefore, 
 
 X 3 
 
 § i. Tbe 
 
The nApatkh Ijlands. Part H;i 
 
 § I. VQe J^pan Iflands, 
 
 ,1. 'S ' 
 
 J^aimonpHefe Iflands/thou^ht by fome to be the yabadii dUhe 
 X AncientsJ areiOerm'ci, by the JtalMvsy Gin f one ; by the 
 Spaniards^ IJlas del Jdpon ; by the French, Les IJIes du Jnpn ; by the 
 GermansjDie Ja^i^mfche Infuln ; and by the Sn^///?;, The Japan IJlandi ; 
 but why fo oali'd, I'finii'-fift^atiisfaaory Account among Criiicks. 
 
 5itr.3 The J^/r of -thefe Iflands do tli much incline to t'old, but is 
 generally efteerti'd very w*i<>lefome to breathe in. The oppoGte Place 
 of the Oiobc'tio fapnn, is that part of the Paritgiieyan Ocean, lying 
 betw^cen) 52-2 ^find 332 Degpee« of Longitude, with 30 and 40 De- 
 grees of Southern Latitude. 
 
 ^^l^ ''^^,^<i^i(^. theffc Ifbn4s i« reckoned abundantly fertile ifl 
 Grain; 'Kdfcts/aiMl jiivcrs iforts t)f -p-kafaivt Fruits ; as alfo the Ground 
 (though much over-fprea^ vvitfi Forefts, and encumber'd with vail: 
 Mountains) is yexy fit for Paihisagevand well ftock'd with Multitudes 
 ofC^ttljE;,; v'f'ljfel.ength of the Days and Nights in iVeffe 'iflands, is 
 much the fami^ as injtbe itii^dBe Pfoviiices ot'€hwaj they both lyiAg 
 under the fame Parallels qf Latitude. 
 
 Commotiftie.^.] The JhvefCowwj^/i^/V/of thefe Iflands, are Gold, 
 Silver, ElephjlptiTec^h, ■arid mofi forts of Minerals. 
 
 ■ ' " " • ■ 
 
 liantietf.] t'here is in J^apati Caccoiding to the Tcftlmony of 
 Vareniifs) a very remarkable Fquntain, whofe Water is almoft equally 
 hot v^'ith feoijifig Oil; it Break* foxth only twice a Day for the fpace 
 of one Hp.uc, faring whidh ll'^ijme -thc .Eriiption isfo vfclS^ tliatfio- 
 thing can wichftand the' StreSn|^th of its Ctirrent; for with fach a 
 migbfy.Force iiQtNh the W«ter i»i-uft^ out, that\isfaid to raife up, and 
 throw away the greareft iSconp they can lay over the Mouth of the 
 Fountain, and th^t wi'fh Tuchja Noife, that it f"re<]iiently refembles 
 the Report of a grent Gun. C^.) In the fame Ifland is a prodigious 
 high Mountain, g^neraWy fuppios'^ to- e<5ual |a-nd by fome to f«r- 
 palsj [he famous Pike o£Te?}enfe, being viiible almoft 40 Leagues off 
 at Sea, the' 18 diftah^r fiom tl^e Shore. x|0-^» f'^" Clufterof Jflands are 
 oomrh<?fily recko*nM no leFstha'n $ ditt^-rent Ff/(r<7 /70V, Whereof fome 
 are very terrib'le.- Hereis alfo^great miety of medicinal ^Si'^aters, and 
 many hot Springs, befides that moft remarkable one above-mcntion'd. 
 (4.) In the City <!f Meaco is a mighty .Co/^_[r«j of gilded Copper, to 
 whichpeoplepay theirDevotions: Of fuch a prodigious Bignefs is that 
 f'-^gsd^ that being fet in a Chair, which is Highry Jboo: bruad, and Se- 
 venty 
 
part II. The <tAJtatkk IJlands. 29 j 
 
 venty high) no lefs than Fifteen Men may conveniently ftand on his 
 Head. His Thumb is faid to be Fourteen Inches about, and propor- 
 tionable to it is the reft of his Body. In this City are feekon'd about 
 Seventy Heathen Temples, and one of them is faid to be fiirnifh'd 
 with no fewer than 5333 giiJed Idols. 
 
 %U^\i\^)^]}l\t\{fi Sec] Anhh'fflicprlcks y Bipoprkh ^ Vniverplei \ 
 none. 
 
 lEannetl?.] The Japanners fbeing a Peepfe of an Olive-colour'd 
 Complexiony are generally of a tali Stature, ftrong Conftitntionj and 
 fit to be Sofdiers. They're faid to have vaft Memories, nitnbfe Fan- 
 cies, and felid Judgments. They are abundantly fair and juft in theii 
 Dealings, but naturally ambitious, cruel, and difdainful to all Stran- 
 gers, efpecially thofe of the ChriJIian Religion, admitting none fuch 
 to traffick with 'em favc only the I)utch^ who (to monopolize an ad- 
 vantageous Trade) are fo com plai font to thofe Pagan People, as to 
 fufpend the very Irofejfion of ChrijUanrty during their Abode among 
 them. 
 
 S^anguage.] The* Japnefe Tongue is faid to be Very polfte and 
 copious, abounding with many fynonimous Words, which are com- 
 monly us'd according to the Nature of the Subjeft ; as alfo the Qua- 
 lity, Age, and Sex,, both of the Speaker, and the Ferfon to whom 
 f:he Dilcourfe i$ dire'^ed. ^ 
 
 <5otiemment.j Thefe Iflands are goyern'd by feveral petty Kings 
 and Princes (or Tanes ) \who are all fubjeO: to one Sovereign, ftil'd. the 
 Emperor Japan. His Government is alfaDefpotical, and hisSub- 
 je£i:s adore him as a Goi ; never daring to look him in the Face, and 
 ■when they fpeak of him, they turn their Countenances down to the 
 Earth. Peculiar to the £mperors of Japan^ is the following Cuftom, 
 liiz. That they efteem it a kind of Sacrilege to fuffer either Hair of 
 Nails to be cut after Coronation. 
 
 SUtm^.j The Emperor of Japan ('according to the Relation of the 
 ^mbafladors of the Dutch Eaji- India Company) bears Or, Six Stars, Ar- 
 gent, in an Oval Shield, and border'd with little Points of Gold, But 
 according to others, his Arptjs are Sable, with Three Jteefoils Argept, 
 
 fl^Ijgion.^ The y^r/r^r^wcrj are grofs Idolaters, having a multitude 
 of Idols, to whofe particular Service great Numbers both of Men and 
 Women do confecrate themfelves. The chief of thole Idols are call'd 
 by the Names of Amida and Foqueux. The Votaries of the former ares 
 faid to affcrt the Soul's Immortality, and theFythagoreau Metempfychjisl 
 
 X 5 an4 
 
294 Afiatich IJlands. Part IL 
 
 and thofe of the latter imagine, That the frequent Repetition of cer- 
 tain Vords will atone for all their Mifdoings, and procure to 'em the 
 ^Enjoyment of complete Felicity at laft. Gre^t was the multitude of 
 Converts to ChrlftianUy once in thefe Iflands, if,We might fafely credit 
 the Teftimony of our Roman Miflionaries, whci, Anno 1 595, reckon'd 
 no lefs than (Jooooo of the Natives, then aftually profeffing the Chri- 
 ft'tan Religion. Bi|t how many fpever were really brought over to 
 the Knowledge of the Truth, moft certain it is, that they quickly 
 apofktiz'd from the fame ; and that no Perfon dares openly avow the 
 Dpftrine of Chriji fince the Year 1(^14. all Europeans (fave ^he Dutch) 
 and others profeffing Chrlfilanityy being then expell'd thofe Iflandj, 
 and pot likely to l^ave any more Accels there for the future. 
 
 § 2. The Philippin Iflands, 
 
 ^amC.]'T~*HESE Ifland§ ('difcover'd by Magellan^ Anno 1520.") 
 X are term'd by the Italians, Philippine ; by the Spaniards y 
 Ijlas de Vhilippe ; by thtFrench^ Philippines; by the Germans, Philip- 
 pinifche Infuln ; and by the Englip, The Philippin Iflands ; fo call'd 
 from Vhilip II. of Spai^nj in whofe Tinie they began to be inhabited 
 by Spaniards, 
 
 ^ir.] The Air of thefe Iflands is very moderate, notwithftanding 
 they lye fo near the Line. The oppofite Place of the Globe to them, 
 is the Northmoft part of Brafil. 
 
 iSoiI.]The Soil of thefe Iflands is generally veyy fertile, producing 
 in great abundance moft forts of Grain, Herbs, and Fruits. They are 
 alfo very fit for Pafluragc, and feveral of 'em are well furnifh'd with 
 fome rich Mines of Gold, and ether Metals. The l-ength of the 
 Pays and Nights in thefe Iflands, is much the fame as in the Soqthern 
 J*art§ of Chiwtiy they lying under the fame Parallels of Latitude. 
 
 CommotiitiCj«.3 The chief Commodities of thefe Iflands, are Rice, 
 I'ulfe, Wa?, Honey, Sugar-Caijes, Gold, CQtton-\7ooll, QPc 
 
 Batitl'^^,] In the Sea forifoiinding thefe Iflands, is frequently feeq 
 ^ fort of Fifli or Sea-Monfter, about the Bignefs of a Calf, which in 
 Shape doth much refemble the ancient Sirenes^ fo famous among the 
 I^ets ; whence our Epglip Navigators term it the Jfoman-Fipt be- 
 caofe its Heaxl, Face, Neck, and Breaft, are fomewhat like thofe of 
 the Fair Sex. In feveral of the Philippins ^rp feme little Velcano'Sf 
 pfpgcially thpfe of the Ifl^nd Tandaiit. 
 
Part II. Ths Jfiattck Iflands. 295 
 
 StrCpiffjOp^icKiS.] Here ?s one Spanij^j Archbijhoprhk, vix» that of 
 Manilla- 
 
 \ %\\UWtH''\ And fubjea to him arc feveral SufFragan B'lpop, but 
 their Number and Titles are uncertain. 
 
 iSnitetfitte^.] Jlmverftles in thefe Iflands. None. 
 
 .^Klanner^.] The Natives of thefe Iflands are generally a couragi- 
 ous and valiant fort of People, maintaining ftill their Liberty in fe- 
 veral Places : They're faid to be civil and honeft enough in their 
 Dealings with the Chinefes and Europeans, but moft of 'em have a 
 great Averfion to the Spaniards^ having been extremely ill us*d by 
 that Nation in divers refpeds, 
 
 ^angUaQC] The prevailing Language in thefe Iflands, is the 
 Spanijhy which is not only in ufe among the Spaniards themfelves, 
 but is alfo underftood and fpoken by many of the Natives. As for 
 the Language peculiar to 'em, we can give no particular Account 
 tiiereof, favetonly its near Affinity to the Mal/iy Tongue. 
 
 ^Olietnmcnt.] Thefe iflands being moftly fubje£l: to the King of 
 Spain^ are rul'd by a particular Vice- Roy appointed by his Catholick 
 Majefty, whofe Place of Refidence is in Luconia^ the biggeA of 'en* 
 all. The Natives (as aforefaid) do ftill retain their Liberties in fe- 
 veral Places, efpecially in the Ifle of Mindanay where thofe People 
 cAVA H'tlanoones (i.e. Mountaineers) Sologues^nA Al/oores, acknow- 
 ledge nothing of Subje.^ion to the __SpamJh Power, 
 
 Religion.] Many of the milder fort of the Natives are inftru£]ted, 
 in, and make Profeflion of the Chrifiian Religion j and that by thci 
 Care and Diligence of Roman Miflionaries fent thither from jinie to 
 time. The reft being ofa favage and antraftable Temper, continue 
 ftill in the thick Mift of taganifm. The Spaniards hefe rel}ding, 
 are the fame in lleligion with {hofe in Spain, 
 
 THESE Iflands were difcovered by Magellav^ Ann» 1520* and 
 fo nam'd by him from the Natnre/of theii Inhabitants, who 
 were excefl[ively given to 'Thieving, This being all that's icmarkablc 
 of 'em, we pafs on tOj 
 
 Larrons, 
 
 X4 
 
Ihe J/I&tieh IJIands. P^rt IL 
 
 § 4. The Moluc^ues, or Moluccoes, 
 
 ^m^Onn'HESE Iflands, unknown to the Ancients, are term'd by 
 X the Italians, Mclucche ; by the Spa^mardsy MqIuc.os ; 
 by the Trench, IJles Moluqufs ; by the Germans, Die Molucdfche Infuln ; 
 and by the Englijhy The Molucques, or Moluccoe JJlands \ fo call'd from 
 the Word Moloc, which in the Language of the Co^intry fignifieth 
 the fle^d ; becaufe thefe Iflands properly call'd the Moluccoes, are 
 fitiiated, 'twere, at the Head or Entrance of the Indian Archipelago, 
 
 35(1;.] Thefe Iflands lying under, and on either fide of the Line, 
 ^he AiT' js extremely hot, ar)d generally etteemed very un-whoJforaie, 
 The oppofite Place of the Globe to tlie Moluccoes^ is the Northern 
 part of Brajil. 
 
 • i&OI^OT'ie Soil of thefe Iflands is not reckon'd fo fertile as that of 
 the Philijrpin, efpecially in Griin; but for abundance of Spices and' 
 rich Mines of Gold, they far furpafs them. The Days and NigbtS' 
 do not much v^ary in their Extent all the Year round, thefe Iflands, 
 ^eingXo near unto, and partly under the E^uinoftial. 
 
 Cctn^llOtJitiC^.] The chief Commodities of thefe Iflands, are Gold, 
 Cotton, Spices of all forts, efpecially Cinnamon, Pepper, Cloves, 
 pingerj Nutmegs, Maftick, Aloes, fipf. 
 
 ' l!lartt!e^i.3 In the Ifland of 'Timor and Solar, grows a Tree which 
 fiinketh exaftly like Human Excrements : A confiderable pa« of aji 
 Arm of which Tree, is to be feen in the publick Mufxum of Grepam 
 College, London. ( 2.) In feveral of the Moluccoes are divers Fij/cawV, 
 particularly that call'd Gounong-apy in Banda, which fome Years ago 
 inade a dr^dful Eruption, n<1t only of Fire and Sulphur, but alfo of 
 iuch a prodigious Number of Stones, that they covered a great part of 
 the Ifland ; and fo manydrop'd into the Sea, that where 'twas formerly 
 40 Farhorp Water near the Shore, is now a dry Beach. C3.) In "Ter- 
 itata (ont alfo of the Moluccoes) is another Volcano, reckon'd by many 
 to be yet more terrible than the former, for a particular Defcripcion 
 of which,' Vid. Fhilof. "Tranf. N. zi6. (4.) In tht Meluccoes is a Bird 
 ^;rm'd by the Natives Manucpdiata, i. e. Avis. Dei ; and by the Eu- 
 ropeans, The Bird of Paradife. He is indeed a Creature of admirable 
 Peauty, and beihg always feen upon the Wing, 'twas currently be- 
 liev'd that he had no Fceti But that Opinion is now found to be ai 
 grofeMiftake (as.every noted Mufcum of natural Rarities fufiiciently 
 evjnpctb) notwithftanding the fame was not only receiv'd by the un- 
 '■<""' ' ' ■ ' •-■ ' thinking 
 
Part If. T^he Afiatick Ifiafids, 297 
 
 thinking Vulgar, but alfo embrac'd even by fome confidering ( yet 
 therein deceiv'd ) Naturalifts \ among whom the great Scaliger, 
 {Exer. 228, Seci. was one ; and likewife Gefner [the Pliny of Ger-* 
 many] being led into the fame Error, hath pi£bur'd that Bird accord-^ 
 ingly. To thefe Remarkables above-mention *d, I may here add 
 that rare Qiiality of Cloves (one of the chief Spices produc'd in thefe 
 Iflands) viZ' their ftrange attraftive Virtue when laid near any Li- 
 quidsj being able to drain a Hogftead of Wine or Water in a fhort 
 tinie ; whereby fome unwary Commanders of Ships have been moft 
 unexpectedly depriv'd of their beloved Liquors. 
 
 ^rCplfljOP^iCfiS') &c.] Ardbipnpricks , B'JJ:oprich , VnlverJitUs, 
 None. 
 
 JjEanner^.] The Natives of thefe Iflands, efpeclally fuch as inha- 
 bit the midland Parts, are by moft cfteem'd a treacherous, inhuman, 
 and bafe kind of People; much given to beaftly Pleafures, and gene- 
 jally walking naked • but thofe wpon or near the Sea-Coafts, who 
 have Commerce with Europeans, are pretty well civiliz'd, and feve- 
 ral of 'em prove very ingenious. Their manner of Dealing is all by 
 Bartering, they being Strangers as yet to Money. 
 
 fCanguagC.] All we can find of the Language peculiar to the Na- 
 . tives of thele Iflands, is, That 'tis as barbarous as they who own if. 
 The Trading Perfons among 'em in their Dealings with Strangers tife 
 the Fortugueze Tongue. 
 
 <©0tjecnment.] Thefe iflands are fubjed to many Sovereigns of 
 their own, and fome (^particularly Celebes and Gilolo) have each of 
 *em fevcral petty Kings, whom they own as Sovereign Lords and 
 Governors. The Fortugueze formerly had got confiderabie Footing 
 in thefe Iflands ; but now the Dutch, whp fend thither many of their, 
 condemned Criminals to be there employ 'd as perpetual Slaves. 
 
 ^tension.] The Natives of the Moluccoes are, for the moft part,, 
 grofs Idolaters ■■, and intermix'd with them arc many Mahometans^ 
 with fome who know a little of Cht-ip'ta^nty ; which Knowledge hath 
 not been improv'd very briskly in t,hofe poo^ Creatures, ever iince 
 they happen'd to change tli^ir Mafters. 
 
The Jfiatick IJlands, 
 
 Part II. 
 
 § 5. The IJlaJtds of the Sund. 
 
 |5amt.] npHefe lOands (iinkno-wn to the Ancients) areterm'Jby 
 X the Italians^ Ifola di Sunda ; by the Spaniitrdj, IJJas del 
 Sand ; by the French, Les IJles de la Sonde ; by the Germans, Die Infuln 
 i» Sunde ; by the Englifh^ The IJlands of the Sonde or Sond ; fo call'd 
 from the Straits of the Sund^ between the Ifles of Java and Sumatra. 
 
 4ltr.] The Air of thefe Iflands is extremely hot (they being fitiia- 
 ted under the fame Parallels of Latitude with the Moluccoes) and in 
 Sumatra, 'tis mighty unwholfome, by reafon of many Lakes where- 
 ■wich that Ifland abounds. The oppoilte Place of the Globe to the 
 Iftes of the Sund, is part of Terra-frma^ and the Land of the Jma- 
 ZonSy in South America. 
 
 ;f>OfL]] The 5oi/of thefe Iflands is generally very good, eipecially 
 in yava and Sumatra, affording great Plenty of Corn and Fruits ; 
 mightily abounding with the chiefeft of Spices ; well furniih'd with 
 various kinds of Fowl ; and wonderfully ftor'd with rich Mines of 
 Gold, Tin, Iron, Sulphur, and feveral other Minerals. The length 
 of the Days and Nights in thefe Iflands, is rnuch the fame throughout 
 rhe whole Year, their Latitude either South or Northern being inr 
 confiderablc. 
 
 Commotlities?.] The chief CommotHtles pf tliefe Iflands, are Gold 
 in great Quantities, moft forts of Spices, plenty of Wax and Honey, 
 ftore of Silks and Cottons, fome precious Stones, and the beft kind 
 of Brafs. 
 
 l?aritie.i>0 In the Ifland of yava are Serpents of a prodigious 
 Length andjB^jnefs; one being taken at a certain rime, that was thir- 
 teen Yards aflHjklf long ; and fo big, that they found a young Boar 
 in his Belly. Inrne fame Ifland is a remarkable Volcano, which fonf»e- 
 timcs burns with great Rage. (2,.) Towards the middle part oiSuma* 
 ira, isanother burning Mountain, call'd Mons Baluhanus, which vo- 
 mits forth Fire and Alhes in like manner as Moqnt Mtna in Sicily, or 
 Vefuviuf in Naples. (3.) In the fame Ifland is a very obfervable T^ee, 
 call'd Sangalt by the Malayans ; and by the Portugueze, Arbor trijle da 
 dia; fo term'd from its remarkable Property of putting forth abun- 
 dance of lovely B^ids every Evening ( which look very pleafant to the 
 Jiye,'and fill the Places adjacent with a moft fragrant Smell) but thefe 
 fading and falling to the Ground when the Sun arifeth, it appears in 
 a mdapcholy and moufning DkR all Day long. (4O In the Ifland of 
 
 Borneo 
 
Part II. The Afiatlcl JJlandi. 299 
 
 Borneo is a Creature ufually known to our EngUJh Navigators, by the 
 IName of the Sa'vage Man ; being of all Brutes likeft to Man, both in 
 Shape, Stature, and Countenance, walking alfo upright upon his two 
 hinder Legs, and that frequently, if not always. He is a Creature pf 
 great Strength, and extremely fwift in running. Many reckon him 
 the Ape peculiar to Borneo^ and the hunting of him is efteem'd a 
 princely Diverfion. 
 
 '^lt\j^\\\)ti'^l\t\iij &c.] Archhljljopricks f Bipioprich, Vnherjtties, 
 none. 
 
 ^anncrj?.] The Natives of thefe Iflands do confiderably differ 
 in point of Manners ; thofe of Borneo being generally efteem'd Men 
 of g«od Wits, and approved Integrity. Thofe of Java very trea- 
 cherous, proud, and much given to Lying: And the Inhabitants of 
 ^urnatra are afErpfi'd to be good Artificers, cunning Merchants, and 
 fevcral of 'enj expert Mariners. 
 
 %anjjuagc.] The Language in thefe various Iflands is not the fame, 
 at leatt, it doth mightily differ in variety of Diale£ts. The trading 
 People who have frequent Dealings with the Franks^ do uaderilanci 
 and fpeak the JPortugueze "Tongue, 
 
 ^OtiCrnm^nt.] Ineach of thefe iflands are feveral Kings. InBor- 
 j7eo^two ; one Mahometan, and the othex Pagan. In Sumatra and 
 Java, are many Princes, fome Mahometan, and fome Pagan, The 
 chief of thofe in Sumatra is the King of Achem, and Materan is the 
 chief in Java. The Hollanders and Portugueze have eftablilh'd fevc- 
 ral Factories in thefe KJands, efpecially the former, 
 
 |Hcli0ion.] The Native? of thefe Iflands, who refide in the Inland 
 Parts, are generally grofs Idplaters ; but thofe towards tb^. Sea Coafts 
 are, for the moft part, zealous Proteflbrsofthe Podrine oi Mahomet, 
 \n feveral of its fundamental Points, 
 
 § 6. The Maldives and Gey Ion. 
 
 ^ame.] 'T^Hefe iflands (unknown in former Times, except Cey- 
 X. Ion, which is thought by fome to be the Ophlr of Sole 
 men, and the "Taprobane ihe Ancients) are tcrm'd by the Italians, 
 MaUivee Ceylon; by the Spaniards ^ Maldivas Ceylon'^ by the French, 
 jjlej des Maldives &> Ceylon ; by the Germans^ Die Maldivifch» l^fttln, 
 
 & 
 
^c6 The oAfiatick IJlands, Part 11. 
 
 g!« Ceyhrt ; and by the Englifj^ the Maldives and Ceylon : They are 
 called Maldives (rom Male, the chiefefl: of 'em, and Dive, v.hich in 
 thcif Language fignifies an Ifland. But from whence Ceylon derives 
 its ^^a1^e is no* very certain. 
 
 The Jir of thcife Iflands ('notwithftanding of their nearnefs 
 ro the Line) is very temperate, there falling a kind of Dew every 
 NighV which mightily helps to qualifie the fame, yet frequently 
 mortal to Strangers. But in Ceylon'tis fo pure and whoifome, that 
 the /«</i<Tm term this Ifland, Temar/Jitt, i.e. A Landof Fleafure. The 
 oppofite Phce of the GIpbe to thefe Iflands, is that of M<!re del Zur^ 
 lying between 262 and 272 Degrees of Longitude, with the Equa- 
 tory and 10 Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 J©Oif."j The Soil of thefe Iflands is extraordinary fruitful, except in 
 Corny whereofthe MMlves 7irf:h.\i. to be fcarce. The Length ot the 
 Days and Nights in them, is much the fame throughout the whole 
 Year, the Latitude of the Northmoft, of *em being inconfiderable. 
 
 CommO&itie?'.] The chief CommoMes of thefe Iflands, are Cin- 
 namon, Gold, Silver, moft fort of Spices, Rice, Honey, Precious 
 Stones, &c. 
 
 IBiantiJ^^'.] InCeyloTt is that remarkable Mountain, commonly call'd 
 A4 -^f^ Pikey which is of a great height, and reported to fend forth 
 fometimes froni its Top both Smoke and Flame. In many of the Mal-^ 
 difoe IJlands grows that Tree bearing the Cacoa, or India Nuts, which 
 is very remarlcable for its various Ufes ; for out of it is yearly drain'd 
 :i large Quantity of Juice, which being drawn at certain Seafons, and 
 prepared after different manners, do tafte exaftly like excellent Oil, 
 Bn;ter, Milk, as alfo fome forts of Wine and Sugar. Of the Fruit 
 they nfually make Bread, and the Leaves ferve as Paper to write up- 
 on : And as for the Trunk of the Tree, they employ it either in 
 building of Houfes or Ships. Thefe Iflands likewife abound with 
 variety of pretty white Shells, which aremiich admir'd, and pafs cuy- 
 tent as Money in many parts of the adjacent Continent. 
 
 ^CCl^CtiniajJ^icl^ij, &c.] JnUipopricks, B/poprich, Univerjities^rione. 
 
 lElannctjj}.] The Natives of thefe Iflands (being for the moft part 
 rill and ftraitof Body) are efleem'd a lazy, proud, and effeminate 
 fnrr of People, yet fome of 'em are reputed to be good Artificers in 
 Metals. Moft of em go ttark naked, except what natural InftinO: 
 prompteth them to cover. To wear long Hai^-, is only the Privilege 
 6f the King and Soldiers. 
 
 Kan* 
 
Part U. 
 
 The eA/iatkh IJlands. 
 
 EansJUagC] The inhabitants of the Maldives have a peculiar J.zr- 
 p;on of their own. Thofe who refide on the Sea-Coafts of Ceylon, un- 
 derftand a little Dutch^ and fomething of the Fortugneze Tongue. 
 
 ^Sobernment] The Maldives are moftly fiAjeft to or»e Sovereign; 
 who hath his ordinary RefidenCe in tfhe chief cf aM thole 
 
 Iflands. .And Ceylon is governed by its own King, refidingat Can*- 
 dea, to v^hom feveral lutle Princes are tributary.; but Ttitrch of the 
 Sea-Coafts is polTefs'd by tiie Dutch. The Maldhe Soverei^n ls laid 
 to afl'iime the Title of .S'm/^/???, King of Thuteen Provinces, and 
 Twelve Thoiifand Iflands, tht^fe of the AiaMvesy tl?eir,.iNiim- 
 ber being generally accounted fuch. 
 
 iHcIl'lJion.] The Natives of thismighty Clufterpf Iflands, aw, part- - 
 ly Mahometans, partly Idolaten^ efpecially thC latter, faganifn; fac- 
 ing the moft predominant of the two. 
 
 And fo much for Afta and the A[tatick'\^^n&%, "NowtoDowetli,! . 
 
 C H A P, 
 
Fait II, 
 
 CHAP. nr. 
 
 0/ A F R I C A. 
 
 c 
 
 j5itottIget:fD 
 
 ^MtSiy or the Defait — 
 
 ^\ The Land of the Negroes \> b \ Tomhuu. 
 
 Fez. 
 
 no 
 
 > 
 
 Q 
 
 dSirtnea 
 
 Exterior or Inf. 
 
 Oh 
 
 u 
 
 it " /Interior OK Sup. J 
 
 To thefe add the ^African JJlands, 
 
 Qbaxhumo> 
 
 Of iall which in Order, Therefore, 
 
 SECT. 
 
Africa 
 
 (jlcconlin(7^ to 
 Ojilervations 
 
Back of 
 Foldout 
 Not Imaged 
 
Part 11. 
 
 SECT. I. 
 
 Concerning (Eg^pt 
 
 "S ■Cbetween^ 
 
 { 
 
 'between 
 
 d. 
 
 51 
 
 Length from N. E. to S. 
 
 W. is about djo Miles, 
 Breadth from E. to W. i* 
 about 310 Miles. 
 
 North waxd- 
 
 Southward* 
 
 ^ rSr'ife , or the Leiver Egyp 
 
 ^ \3echria, ot Middle Egypt 
 
 I" V^W^f, or Tipper Egypt 
 
 •r'^^The Coafts of the Red Sea 
 
 ^am^^lnpHis Country [niuch the fame with ancient and now 
 
 J[ boundedontheEaftby the//^w«^of5'«ct, andthe/?«i 
 Sea ; on the Weft by Barbary^ Bildulgerid, and Zaara ; on the North bf 
 part of the Mediterranean Sea ; and on the South by Nubia and Abex^ 
 was varioufly nam'id of old, as Mifraim, by the ^eivs ; Augujlanica^ by 
 the Romans \ Oceana, by Berofus ; Ogygia^ by Xenophon ; Fctamia^ by 
 Herodotus ; and Hefejiia, by Homer y &c. It is now tcrm'd by the 
 
 i by the Spaniards, Egypto ; by the 'French, Egypte \ by the 
 Germans, Ugypten ; and by the Englijh, Egypt; fo call'd [as many i- 
 magine] from EgypiHs, Son of BeluSi Brother to Danaus. 
 
 %\t,'\ The Air of this Country is very hot, and generally e fteem'U 
 extremely unwholfome, being always infefted with naufeousVapouis, 
 afcending from the fat and llimySoil of the Earth. That it never rains 
 in Egypt, as fome have boldly affirm'd, may defervedly claim a place 
 among the Vulgar Errors of the World. The oppofite Place ot the' 
 Globe to Egypt, is part of Mare ^acificum, lying between 202 and zi6 
 Degrees of Longitude i within 21 and g i Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 ;&Dil.] Egypt (lying in the 4th and 5th North Clipiate^ was, and is 
 ftill accounted as fertile a Country as any in the Worlds the 5<^// being 
 wonderfully fatned by the yearly overflowing of tjie Nile.lt'n exceed- 
 ing plentiful of all forts of Grain ; and for its vaft abundance of Cora 
 in former Times, 'twas commonly term 'd Horreum Poptih Bomanu 
 Thelongeft Day in thq Northmoft PartS; is about 14 Ho^ri and haif ; 
 
 the 
 
?o4 %M- P^rt It; 
 
 the fhorteft in the Southmoft is lo Hours and a Hilf • and the Nights 
 proportionably. 
 
 ttcmmotlitif ;^.] The chief Commadiths of this Country, are Sugary 
 Flax, Rjce, all forts of Grains and Fruits, Linen- Cloth, Salt Bal^ 
 fam, Senna, Caffia, Butargio, &c. ' 
 
 IHantiC!?.] In and near to ancient Akxandria ("now terth'd by the 
 'Tttrks^ Scanderick or Scander'ie') are many confiderable Remains of'An- 
 tiquity; particularly the ruin'd Walls of that ancient famous dity* 
 ■with a confiderable Number of Towers, feveral of which are alniolf 
 intire : here alfo are divers ftately Porphyry Pillars, and feveral curi- 
 ous Obelisks of pure Garnet (efpecialiy that which bears the Name 
 of Powtfev's TUlar) fome of 'em llill Handing, others thrown down^ 
 and all aiorn'd with variety ofHieroglyphicks : For a particular Ac- 
 count of fuch Pillars, with a curious Draught of divers of 'em, repre- 
 fenting both their true £>imeiifiGns and Hieroglyphick Chara'aerSj 
 vid. Fhlcf. I'ranf. ZsT. 1 6 1 , and 1 78* To thefe Curiofitiei we may add 
 the [once] proud Palace ofCkapatra, now wholly in Ruins, being fo 
 defac'd, chat 'tis hardly difcernable if ever fuch a ftately StruSure 
 ■was in that Place. ( i.) In the ancient Caftle of Grand Cairo, are fe- 
 veral Remarkables worthy Obfervation, which Strangers, with fome 
 Difficulty, obtain leave to fee i The chief w hereof are thefe Three 5 
 Firfit The Arcare, which is a frightful dark Dungeon, and that (as 
 they tell you) into which the Patriarch ^f/tf/i^ was thrown down^ 
 Secondly, A very large ancient Room, with about Thirty Pillars of 
 *Xhebaicli Stone as yet ft:anding, which ftill bears the Name oijofeph'^ 
 Ball. Lzfily, In this Cafl:ie is a prodigious deep Pit, with a Spring 
 of good "Water in its bottom (a Rarity in Egypt) which the Natives 
 term J^fcph's Well. From this Pit fome Travellers are pleas'd to talk 
 <:f anarciiicial Communication under Ground, between the Pyramids 
 on one Hand, and the Town of Swez, on the other. For a farther 
 Account of thefe Particulars, "vidi. Thevemn 'Travels, part i. c. 9. (g.j 
 A few Miles Weft of Gj-^jw^^ Cairo, are the Egyptian Fyrarfllds, (call'd 
 by the Turks, Pbaraon Daglary ; and by the Arabs, Dgebel Pharaon, 
 i.e. PhaTaoh\ Hills) thofe famous Monuments of Antiquity, V.'hich 
 'twould fecm devouring Time could not confume; The biggeft cf 
 *em harh thefe Dimenhons, viz. Five Hundred and Twenty Foot 
 high, upon a Bafe of Six hundred and -two Foot fquare ^ Two hun- 
 dred ard fifty Steps from Top to Bottom, each Step being Two 
 Hands broad, and almoft Four high ; and its Top being flat, is able 
 to contain Thirty Men. (4,) Adjacent to the biggeft Pyramid is d 
 monftrous Figure of a prodigious Greatnefs, c^Wd Sphinx \ and b)^ 
 Herodotus, Androfphtnk : The Buft (being all of one Stone ) reprtrfenib' 
 the Face and Breafts of a Woman, whofe Head, according to P/iwy, 
 
PartiK ^gjfif- Jo? 
 
 is a Hundred and thjrty Foot inCirc umference, and Forty three longj 
 it's alfo a Hufidfed fixty twb from thie Top of the Head to the lo^«ft 
 part of the Belly. But thefe Dimen fions arc different from thofe of 
 fome modern Travellers, who fay, that 'tis but twenty fix Foot high| 
 and fifteen firom the Chin to one of the Ears, and the reft prdportion* 
 ably. (5.) Near to Grand Cairo are feveral defep fubterfanean Cavh 
 ties (hdV/ii out of the firm Rbck, and having variety of Hierogly* 
 phicks iflfctib'd on the Walls) in -which repofe fevetal of the famous 
 Egyptian Mummies ; and in fome of thofe Repofitories of the Dead it 
 is, that certain Lamps are faid to have been found, which cpnftantly 
 burn without confnming, till expofed to the open Air. (d.) In the 
 famous River of are abundance of Crocodiles, thofe terrible and 
 devouring Animals, ivhich Bochartus (<fe Animalibus, S. 5. Part a* 
 Chap. i6y 17, i8.) endeavours to prove to be the fame with that 
 Creature mentioned in the Book oijob under the Name «f Leviathan^ 
 thought commonly^ and hitherto taken for the Whale. A complete 
 Skeleton of this Animal, about Four Yards three Quarters long* 
 may be fefen in th€ Repofitory of Grejham College, being prefented 
 to the Royal Society by that truly worthy and ingenious Gentleman 
 the Honourable Sir Eobert Southwell. To thefe Curiojlties of Egypt, I 
 might here add that fupernatural (but fiftitious) Prodigy that's re- 
 ported to be yearly feen near to Old Cairo, viz* The annual Refur-* 
 icfl:i*)n of many dead Bones, on Holy fVedmfday, "thttrfday, and Fri- 
 day ('according to the old Calendar) which both l^urks and ChrifiU 
 arts in thofe Parts do firmly believe, and that by means of fotrie pi"» 
 ous Frauds of a few defigning Santa's among them. 
 
 SCccfjljijl^Jop^iCft^, &c.] Archhif}oprichiBipepricks,Vttiverfittes\ fec 
 Natoliay page 271. 
 
 The Egyptiam now a-days (being Perfons of i low 
 Stature, tawny Complexion, and of fpare Bodies) are generally rec- 
 kon 'd Cowards, Luxurious, Cruel, Cunning, and Treacherous; they 
 much degenerate from their Anceftors in every thing, fave only* 
 vain AfFc£tation of Divining, which fome as yet pretend untt). 
 
 %an0Uaije,] The chief Language commonly us'd in this Countryj 
 is the 1'ufkijh and vulgar Arahick, or Morisk, efpecially the latter* 
 The Arabs brought in their Language with their Conquefts, which 
 hath been preferved here ever fince ; but rhc Copht'it ftill retain the 
 ufe of the ancient Egyptian Tongue Cwhich is very difierent from all 
 the Oriental Languages) efpecially in their religious Performances^ 
 In Places of any confiderable Traffick, many of ihcEftropean Tongues 
 a»e undcrftwd and fpt^keja. 
 
jod Part 11. 
 
 450t^ernment.] This Country (very famous of old, both in Sacre^ 
 and Ptophane Hilary) being a Province of the ^r«r^/> Empire, g 
 govern'd by a pziticuUt Bajfa ot Beglerbegi who commonly refidetH 
 at Grand Cairo, which Poft is generally efteem'd the moft honourably 
 Government ofany belonging to the Port ; having under him no lets 
 than Fifteen diflferent Governments, as alfo a powerful Militia, com- 
 tnonly reckon'd the moft confiderable of all the Ottoman Empire. , 
 
 ^ See furkey in Europe^ Page i88. 
 
 foniReltgion.] The Inhabitants of this Country {heing Moors^ 'tarht 
 enA Atahs, befides the natural Egyptians) are for the moft part ftrifter 
 Obfervers of il^<T^o;»e*V,DoQ:rine, than any People elfewhere thrp' all 
 the Oftowrtw Dominions, iliere alfo are Jew in great Numbers, as 
 alfo many Chrifliam caU'4 Co/./&^V who follow the Errors of Eutyches 
 zadDlafcDvuSi yet not co;icurring w^th them in every Point. The 
 G/b-iy^wff Faith was fitft planted here by St. i^^rfe, who is univerfally 
 acknowledg'd to ha^e teen.th? firft Bifliop of ^/^^f'^w^rw. 
 
fart IJ. 
 
 307 
 
 SECT. It 
 Concerning T^mbWCH. 
 
 d. m. 
 
 2JOO Miles. 
 
 It- . JT ^0 oo'>^rT,^ r """SBteadth ftom N. to S. is 
 
 r Morocco ' 
 I Fes: — . — 
 
 Barhary com- I ^Te/ew/it— 
 prehends the ^ y4/jg:iew — 
 
 . kingdoms of \ ITkw— — 
 
 I IripoU 
 
 {^Bana , 
 
 I IdemS"" 
 ^ Idem- 
 I ^ I Idem— ^ 
 •2 ^ He^n — 
 (J I Idem — 
 \Idem — 
 
 iFromW.toEi! 
 
 barhary htin^ tlie moft confiderible (at leatf, tlie beft knotvft) 
 Cbiintry ofall iii/r/V<«, I Jhall in particular confider its Divifibi^; 
 ^Theiefofe, 
 
 'Motocco arc— • 
 
 5Taradunt 
 Gazula 
 Morocco' 
 
 'Tejnefi-^ 
 Elrhdin 
 
 Foiiod 'fiom 
 to IST. 
 
 < 
 
 Fez. aire - 
 
 'feknfin are— 
 
 ^ Fe?^ in the ttiaiti Land, 
 j Sallee 
 
 54^;^ ipr [no widemolifh*d] 
 .Cf«^<i— «- 
 
 From S. to N-B- 
 upon the Se^t:' 
 Coaft. 
 
 ^From W. toE 
 
 Chief 
 
'Barlary. Fart IL 
 
 ate<^V»w^ — r > Sea Coali. 
 
 'Tripoli 
 
 "TripoU are«^ Le6i^/<« r — — > From W. to E. 
 CAdtfurata'-!^- — — — — "J 
 
 to 
 
 i^SLmt,]'Y)^*'^^^y Cf^omprehending il^^i/wV/?w« ofjthe Ancients, as 
 Ij alfo /^/r/c« propria^ and Ly^ia ; now bounded on the Eaft 
 ty Egypt y on the Weft by. part of the Atlantkk Ocean ; on the North 
 by the Mtditerranean Sea ; and on the South by Bildulgerid} is term'd 
 by the Italians, Barharla ; by the Spaniards, Berberia ; by the irenchf 
 Barbarie ; by the Germans, Barbaryen ; and by the Englipi Barbary', 
 fo callM by the Saracens from Barbav (which fignifieth a murmuring 
 Sound) becaufe this People feem'd at firft to their Conquerors, to pro- 
 nounce their Language after'a'ftrange murmuring manner. Others do 
 mher imagine, that the Romans upon the Conqueft of this Country, 
 call'd it Barbariay and its Inhabitants Barbarians, becaufe of the 
 Rudenefs and Barbarity of their Manneris. ' 
 
 SHiC] The Air of this Country is indifferently temperate, and ge- 
 nerally efteem'd very healthful to breathe in. The oppofite part of 
 the Globe to Barbary, is part of Mare del Zur, and Mare Pacifcum, 
 lying between 175 and 211 Degrees of Longitude, with 2p and 37 
 Degrees of Southern Latitude. 
 
 ^til^ This Country lying in the 4th and jth North Climate is very 
 fertile inCorn,and moft kindsof Fruit,altho' 'tis full of Mountains and 
 Woods, efpecially towards the Mediterranean Sea. It breedeth many 
 feinds of Beafts, particularly Lions and Leopards, with many Apes, and 
 fomc Elephants, befides abundance of Cattle. The longeft Day in the 
 Northmoft Parts, is about 14 Hours and a quarter; the ihorteft in the 
 Southmoft, 10 Hours and an haif ; and the Nights proportionably. 
 
Fart IL 
 
 CommotJlitiC.^O The chief Commodities this Gouatrjr, are Ho- 
 ney, Wax, Oil, Sugar, Flax, Hemp, Hides, Coidevants, Dates, 
 Almonds, Mantles, &c. 
 
 ^tadtieja.] On Mount Zagoan (about Six Miles South frotn fttnis) 
 are many R^ins of an old Caftle, bqilt by the antient Romans, with 
 feveral L/r/i» Infcriptions, as yet to be feen upon divers Marble 
 Stones, (z.) From the aforef^id Mountain to the City of Carfhage^ 
 was once a curious AqufiduB : And upon Mount Guejlet (it^ the fame 
 Neighbourhood ) are fome plain Vejllgta of Roman Magnificence, 
 ftill vifible to this Day. (g.J In the City of Morocco are two magni- 
 ficent Temples, one built by Aly^ and the other by Adul Mumen* 
 which deferve the particular Regard of a curious Traveller. (4.) In 
 the Palace Royal of the Morocco Emperors f a Building of a vaft Ex- 
 tent, and term'd by the Natives, Alcacave or Mkhouart) is a ftately 
 Mofque, with a very high Turret, on whofe Top are Four Apples of 
 folid pijre Gold, which all together weigh feven Hundred Pounds 
 weight ; and in another Court of the faid Palace is a prodigious high 
 Tower, fo contriv'd, that the Emperor can mount up to the Top of 
 it on Horfeback (5 J In the City of Fc?; is that famous Mof^ue 
 call'd Caruveny vjvhich is faid to be almoft half a Mile in Circuit, and 
 fiirnilh'd with Thirty Gates of a prodigious Bignefs. It hatl) abqve 
 three Hundred (Cifterns to wafti in, before they go to Prayers j an4 
 in it are upwatrds ef nine Hundred Lamps, which are commonly 
 lighted, and bupn every Night. (6.) A few Miles from the Ruins 
 of Tapgiert is a narrow Defcent of many Fathoins deep ( refembling 
 that of a Coal-PitJ which leads unto a large fubti^ranean Apartment, 
 from whence are Paffagcs into feveral other Apartthents j all of 'em 
 done with good Marble ; and no ways to be doubted but that they 
 I were defigned by the Ancients for leveral Repofitories for their Dead, 
 ! there being found in theni as yet many Urm and StatueSy with fonie 
 Infcriptions in the Punick Language. ( 7. j Over a certain River call'd 
 i Sabu ( as it runs bcfweeh t^o Hills, term'd Benj-jafga and Silego) is 
 I a remarkable Bridge, or rather a ready'way of pa{ring from one fide 
 of the River to the other ; and that by the Help of two large Stakes 
 ijx'd faft in the Qrouncj Cop either fide one) between which are ex- 
 j tended two ftrong Ropes, and to one of them is ty*d a kind of a big 
 I gasket, able to contain ten Men, into which the Paffengers being 
 enter'd, and pulling one pf tl^e Ropes (which runs by a Pulley^ they 
 ' waft thenijfelves ovpr much founer, than we Europeans c^n pafe eitheif 
 by Bridge or Boat. Vide Dapper'/ late Defcrlptlon of Africa. 
 
 SCcCpillijap^iCft.^, &C.3 ArthhlJIjoprkks, Blfhoprlch^ VuiverftthSx none, 
 
 y 5 ^xaannet^.] 
 
5IO 
 
 'Barharyl 
 
 JlEatin^t^.] ThtBarharians [thus chztzGtet'izd of old hj Herodian^ 
 jldauri f'inquit ille) genus funthominum fiiaptenafUra ccedis a^idijftmum^ 
 fiihUiqHe Tion facile audens & defperaris (Imiles, conhritptu.fcilicet mortis 
 Sp pericuhrum] ane now a People that's generally very inconftant, 
 crafty, and unfaithful, aSive of Body, itn{>atient of Labour, and 
 fcdvetoiis of Honour. Some of *em are ftudiOus in Matters of their 
 taw, and others are inclin'd to the Liberal Sciences, efpecially Phi' 
 lofcphi and the Mathematkh. The Inhabitants of Salle^ Iripoli, and 
 Algiiru arc piightily given to Plraty; and many of the Morocco's are 
 much addicted to Merchandizing. Difpers'd thto* all thefe Countries 
 are the Arals^ who Cefpecially til Sa/r^J exercife their commoii 
 Trade of robbiiig and molefting Travellers on the Highway, 
 
 ^anjjUagc.] in moft of the Sfea-Pott Towns, and over all the Coun- 
 tries bordering on the Sea, the prevailing Languag^is Arabf/fkej ot 
 corrupt Arahlck. In the City of Morocco, and feveral other Places, the^ 
 ftill retain their ancient Language, or rather a corrupt Dialed of the 
 old African. The Trading People, efpecially in their Dealing with 
 Strangers, do ufe a certain Jnrgont compounded chiefly of Spanijh 
 and Poftugueze, not unlike the Lingua Fratjca^mong the 'Turh, 
 
 : '<©TCi1jernttt^nt] Tffis largfe Coutitry fcomprehendiftg feveral King- 
 (i'O'rfts'^d'Ps'oviiices/is chiefly under the Great 'fWr^:, and tmperor of 
 Mbyd'ft d. To the la tter belon"g the Kingdoms of Morocco md Fez, and 
 t'o him ai"? dfcrib'd (or rather ke affumethj the following Title, wz. 
 iEmperof of Ji/ric^, King of MoroccOi Fez, Sus, and "Ta^aiet ; Lord cif 
 Gagoy. Daray Zf)d Guinea, and Gteat Zeriff of Mahoritk. The otI>er 
 Kingdofns or Provinces of this Country, are moftly fubjefit to ifhe 
 Gnat Turk, and arego /ern'd by his particular Baffa's iet over 'em ; 
 cnlf ^titiis und Algiers (two confiderable Commonwealths, or father 
 diftinO: Kingdoms^ tho' each of 'em hath their refpefiive Bajfa ap- 
 pointed ;by the Grand Seigniory yet they're fo eager in tnaintaining 
 their Liberties and Privileges, that thofe Baffa's are little more than 
 mere Cyphers, < For in the former of thefe, the Inhabitants have a 
 l^o wet of; chafing their own Governor or Captain, term'd the Dey, 
 who rule's the Kingdom, conftitutes Cadi's, and pafleth Sentence in all 
 Attairs, whether Civil or Criminal. The Divan of l^ttms is compos'd 
 ©f Qnt Aga^ one Chayay ii Odabachiy 24 Bouloubachi, 2 Secretaries, 
 ^\\d j\. Chiao^Xy who judge in all Matters, after they have heatd the 
 Senti'rhent of the iJf)', who may accept or rejefl: their Advice as he 
 thinks fit. As for Algiers^ the Government thereof is lodg'd in the 
 Hands of the Army, particularly the Officers of the Jamzaries y oi 
 \vhora the Council of State is compos'd, and of it the Aga of the Ja- 
 mzaries is Prelidento It's tiue,the Grand Seignior keeps always in this 
 
 Place 
 
Part IL "Barlary. 
 
 Place a Baffa, with the Title of Viceroy, but he'satbeft but a mere 
 Shadow \ for he may not fo much as enter the great Divan, unlels 
 invited by the whole Council ; and when admitted, he hath but one 
 fingle Voice, and can only advife in Matters. Befides thefe two potent 
 Republicks of this Country, there's another, viz. that ot Tripoli ; but 
 it is intirely fubjea to the Gra^d Seignior, who governs the fame by a 
 particular Bajfa fent from the Ottoman Court, and renew xl every thua 
 Year. He is honour 'd with the Standard of tunih and the litle ot 
 ffeglerbeg, ^ ^ 
 
 2Erm^%] The chief independent Potentate in thefe Counjiles 
 being the Emperor of Fez. and Morocco, he ^Jc^rs for Arms; J^irec 
 Wheels Argent. As for the reft of Barbary, vide 'Turkey m Ettro^e, 
 Page i88. 
 
 JHcIiflionO The eftabliftj'd Religion of this Country is Mahometa- 
 Kifm; but the Inhabitants of Morocco diflfer from other 
 feveral confiderable Points •, .particularly thofe maintained by the Fol- 
 lowers ofHamet (the firft of the prefent Race of the Morocco Empe- 
 rors) who was at firfta kind of Monk, and quitting his Retirement, 
 A.C. 1 514. beganrpublicklyro preach to the People; That the Doanne 
 ofHaliziid Omarr, and^ other Interpreters of the Law, was only Hu- 
 man Traditions, befides feveral other Things of that Nature, which 
 occafion'd fuch Animpfities between other Turhs and the Morocco 
 that a l^urUp Slave with tliem is no whit better treated than a: Chri- 
 ftian. There arc alfo many Perfons in and about Algiers, who like- 
 wife difter from the other Mahometans in diyers Particulars. Some 
 oi 'em maintain, That to faft Seven or Eight Months doth merit eter- 
 nal Happincis: That Ideots are the Eleft of God : That Sinsag jinft 
 Nature are Virtues : That the Marabouts amopg *em are infjiiYd by 
 theDevil, and yet they account it an honourable Thing to be defird 
 by one of 'em. Thefe, and many other fuch ridiculous Follies, do 
 they believe and avouch. The Chrifiiifn Faith was firft planted m 
 this Country by fome of the Seventy Difciples, and St . <Si?»o» the 
 ApQftlc, .fim^med Zehtes, 
 
 y 4 SECT. 
 
JI2 
 
 Fart II, 
 
 SECT. III. 
 Concerning JBtlnuIgertll. 
 
 ■ between 
 'between 
 
 Length from "W. ro E. is 
 about 2040 Miles 
 
 Breadth from N. :o S. i« 
 about 300 Miles. 
 
 "B'dduJgend Tiara — « 
 compre- j SegeJmeJ's- 
 Jienqs the ^ ^fegorann 
 
 of 
 
 Zeb 
 
 Bildulgerid, prop, fo call'd 
 ^Defart of Barca — 
 
 ^ Idem- 
 I Idem 
 
 .0 I Idem CFrcm 
 
 / Idem , 
 
 !5 \ 'Teulachar 
 U Capbefa — 
 
 V.None confidera'sle. 
 
 ^!lttlt,2Tr)IldttIgerid [the ancient ?7«w/i/>, and now bounded on the 
 O Eaft by %y;>* ; on the Weft by part of the vaft AJantick 
 Ocean ; on the North by Barbary ; and on the South by Zaaray or 
 the Bejarf] is terra'd hy tht Italians^ Spaniards, French^ Germans^ 
 9nd Englijhf Bildulgerid ; fo call'd from the vaft Number of Lates it 
 produceth, the Name in the Arabick Tongue figoifying a Date. 
 
 5(IiC.] The Air of this Country is very hot, but generally efteem'd 
 abundantly wholfome to breathe in. The oppofite Place of the 
 Globe to Bildulgerid, is that of Aiare del Zur, and Mare Vadficum^ 
 lying between i6-j and 212 Degrees of Longitude, with 20 and 51 
 Pegrees of Southern Latitude. 
 
 jSoif.]] The'5o/7 of this Country (it lying in the 3d and 4th North 
 Climate) is fomewhat barren, the Ground, for the moft part, being 
 very fandy, yet in fome low Valleys is found Corn, and great quanti' 
 ty of Dates. The longeft Day in the Northraoft I'arts is about i± 
 Hours 5 the fhorteft in the Southmoft, 10 Hours and a guartet; ana 
 the Nights proportionably. 
 
 CotttltlOtliti$|ti.] The Commodities of this Country are ver/ few, 
 they chiefly confifting in Corn, Cattle, Dates, and Indigo. 
 
Partil. 
 
 "Bildulgerld, 
 
 Bacitit^.] A certain Rivet fwlbofe Origin is in Mount Atlas ^ but 
 watereth the Plain of Bildttlgerid in its main 6ody) pafling by a Town 
 call'd 'Teleocha, hath a Current of "Water extremely warm ; and is 
 known to European Travellers by no o^her Name than la Riviere chaude^ 
 i)r, Tht hot River, (a.) The re V another River iffuing out of the 
 Mountains of Ntmldia^ and pafllng by the four Forts of Ifran, dif- 
 gorgeth it felf into the main Ocean, between Bojadore and the Town 
 of N«», which in the Winter-time (when other Rivers do ufcally 
 fwell over their Banks) grows commonly dry, and goes thereupon by 
 the Frank Name of la Riviere Seche, (3.) Nigh to the aforefaid Tele^. 
 chay is a little Village, call'd Beuferiy which is of great Antiquatyi 
 being built by the Romav$^ as appears by the Remains of feveral 
 Straftures, and fome Roroan Sepulchres; befides variety of Medali 
 Ctound frequently after a Rain) having commonly a Head upon one 
 (ide of *em, with Latin Infcriptions, and ^Trophies oq the othen 
 Vide Papper'j late Defcription of Africa, 
 
 ^rcljbif()0P2icfi^^> &c.3 Archhijhopricks, Wpop^ickSf Univerfitks ', 
 none. 
 
 31Stanner*?.] The inhabitants of this Country ('befides the Natives) 
 being chiefly Arabs, are generally ignorant) true), leacherous, and 
 much given to Robbing. 
 
 . %an8UagC.] All we can learn of the Language coatmaonly us'd by 
 the Natives of this Country, is, that 'tis as rude and barbarous as they 
 themfelves. The Arabs here refiding do dill retain theit own 
 Tongue. 
 
 45otjecnnicntO This great Body is fubjeft unto feveral little Kings, 
 or Lards, who (for the m«ft part) are tributary to the Great "Turk, 
 and Emperor of Morocco. Some Places are govern'd in form of inde- 
 pendent Commonwealths ; and others are without any kind of Go- 
 vernment, or Order "among thera. ■ 
 
 dclijjion.] The Religion profefs'd by thefavage Inhabitants of this 
 Counrry, is that Mahomet anifm \ but many of 'em are funk into 
 the grofleft Stupidity as to religious Matters, either not knowing 
 what^ they profefs, or profefling as good as none at all. Here are 
 feveral yewi fcatter'd up and down in thofe Places beft inhabited. 
 The Chriftian Faith was firft planted in this Country much about the 
 fame Time with Batbary, Of which already, 
 
 SEC T. 
 
Part It 
 
 SECT. ir. 
 
 De/art Com- ^ v.H ^ 
 
 prehends the , rr- i "r ? , • 
 
 I Idem J" 
 I Idem — ^ 
 
 Idem 
 Idem" 
 
 ^►From W. tQ E. 
 
 itaXM,y^^Aart [a part of ancient Lyhia, the Srstof the Getull and 
 ^^ r^ Cr/:v«/Mf?ij#er; now bounded on the Eaft by part of Egypi 
 and Nubi ; on the Weft by the vait ^Atlantick Ocean i on the North 
 by Bi/dulgendy and on the South by Negrce-land} is term'd by the Ita- 
 mnt, Zaiara ; by'ditSpamarcIs, Zaara o Vejlerto j by the French, Za~ 
 haieaau.Dtfitrf^ hy the. 0er^/er2s, Za^ra or Wijfie '^ znd by the Engl/fif 
 S^ltra^ 'Orthc E>f7;jr*';'fo-'e^l]*dby the iim^/Aw (the Name fignifyin^' 
 a Dejavt) becaufe 'tis a Country very barren, and thinly inhabited. - 
 
 3Ifirj3 f he /4fV of this "Gonntry Is much the fame as in BilduJgeridt 
 s^ly a little mortr hot, but very wholfome to breathe in. The oppo- 
 fite PJace of the Globe to Zaara, is that part Of Rdare del Zur^ and 
 Mitre 'Paetfcum, ^y\r)^ between 1^7 and 207 Degrees of Longitude, 
 with 15 aite^d Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 ^Oil.^ThisCouatry Hying in the gdand 4th North Climate) being 
 generally very dry and fan.dy, is not fejtile either for Corn or Fruits ; 
 ^a/tiy^eirt^Hy fo barren, that its Inhabitants can hardly live. Such 
 i^e^i^fe Vaft ^efarts, ind tcrritle Mountains of Sand in this Country, 
 TVaveWersarefreqnently reduc'd togrearExtremities,being liable 
 eiUheftofce ovcr\V]ielth 'd with the Sand .(ifa Tdmpeftof Wind arife) 
 or to'jf>ei4j[h-^t«,'i^h'Thirfl if it chance not to rain. To prevent the l^l^ 
 ofthefe f rhefirft being uhavoidiihie in-.cafe of Wiiid/they commoriljf 
 kill one of their Camels,^ aR^dtl'riffktlie Waterin^hisStomuch ; thofe 
 ■ Crea- 
 
Creatures taking in fo large a Quantity at one time, as fufficeth Na- 
 ture for fourteen or fifteen Days together. The longeft Day in the 
 Nbrthmoftpart, is about \% Hourts and a quirter : the Ihorteft in the 
 Souf httioft, is lo Hours three quarters, and the Nights proportion^ 
 ably. 
 
 ComittOtllti?^.] The Ccff7i^o<i/V;« oPthis Country are very inconfl- 
 derable, they chiefly confifting in a few Camels, Dates, and Cattle, 
 
 Jtfldtie^O Nigh to C. B(^adoref on ffie Weft of Zaarat are certaift 
 fanksof Sand ftretching along that part of theCoaft, towards wfeich 
 fo ftrong a Current fets in, that the Water 1>eiing In a piighty Agita- 
 tion, both Wavesand Sand mixing togethef, do not only referable a 
 boiling Saltpan , but alfo they frequently mount up_to i prodigious 
 Height, (z.) In the Defart of Aracan, art two Tombs with In- 
 fcriptions upon 'em, importing that the Per fons thete interr'd, were 
 a rich Merchant, and a poor Carrier Xwho both dy'd of Thirft) and 
 the former had given Ten Thoufand Ducatis for one Cruife of Water. 
 (l.) North of Gaogo, are fome Vefiigia of the ancietit Cyhr*^, \he 
 chief City of Lybia Cyrenaica^ aad forpiierly one of the fatrious Ptfw- 
 iapolis. 
 
 SCTCpiiljOp^IC^^, 8CC.3 Archbr^cfprichfBipopricks yTJmverJitieSj noile. 
 
 lEannjt^.] The Inhabitants of this Country, being moftly Arabs, 
 are an ignorant, brutifli, and favage kind of People> refembling ra- 
 ther wild Beafts, than rational Creatuies. 
 
 %anpagC.3 what was faid of the Language fpdfc€p by tbe JsTaftifl^es 
 of Bildulgeridy the fame may be affirm'd of that commonly us'd in thii 
 Country, viz. That it's as rude and barbarous as they who fpeak it. ^ 
 
 <©Obernment»] This great Country is fubjefl; to feveial particular 
 Lords, whom they term Xequts ; but many of them wander up and 
 dowa, hunting in great Companies, accounting themfelves Indepen- 
 
 Heligion.] This Country being ftockt with Arahs, the only 
 ^» here profefs'd is that of M'dhofnet; but fo barbarous and briiiglih 
 is the generality of this People^ ihat niany of 'em live without the 
 leaft fign of Religion among 'eiti. The Chripm Faith vizs oact 
 planted here, biit quite exterminated tow»ids the beginning of the 
 
 Eighth Cent«fy. • 
 
 ^ SECT, 
 
Parr II. 
 
 SEC T. V. 
 
 Concerning the Land of the Negroes, 
 
 6. 
 
 .between^ 545 
 'between^ 
 
 ^ ^Length from E. to is 
 j; J about xzio Miles. 
 
 Breadth from N. t© S. i1 
 C about 600 Miles. 
 
 CGemhoa ."^ 
 
 Gelaia———. — 
 
 The Land of 
 
 Tombut — 
 Agades — - 
 Cano — - - 
 
 the Negroes Cajfena — 
 compiehends j Guangara- 
 the Provinces 7 MelU^ 
 
 of 
 
 Mandinga »— - 
 
 Guber — 
 
 ^ Zegzeg — 
 
 fldetn 
 
 I4ern ~ 
 
 Idem i 
 
 idem - — .> 
 Idern — t 
 
 Idem- \ 
 
 J* 4 Idem— . 
 Idem — 
 Idem — 
 Idem — 
 Idem- 
 Idem — 
 Udera 
 
 From W. to 
 E. upon the 
 North of the 
 Niger. 
 
 From W. to 
 E. upon the 
 South of the 
 Niger. 
 
 Befides thefe is the Country of the Jal.ofesy upon the Mouth of the 
 Kiger, _.aii.*.ui'r 
 ■ \ -'.s ^ 
 
 Jl^amt.] V TE'^roe-/-#»rf, or the Land of the Negroes (unknown' to the 
 jL\| Ancients, and bounded on the Eaft by Nubia ; on the 
 Weft by part of the Atlantick Occ^n \ on the ^^orth by S^aara \ and 
 on the South by Guinea) is term 'd by the Italians^ Faefe di Mori • 
 by the Spaniards, Tierra de los Negros ; by the French^ Fays det Negres j 
 by the Germans^ Moren-land ; and by the Englijhy Negroe-landy or, 
 "S^he Land of the Negroes ; fo call'd either from the Coloar o.f its Inha- 
 bitants, or the River Niger. 
 
 3lir»] The Air of this Country is very warm, yet generally efteeJm'd 
 fowholfometo breathe in, that nek PerAJnsare reported to be brought 
 thither from feveral of the adjacent Countries.and upon their ftay in it 
 for any conliderable time.are perfe£i;ly reftor'd to their former Health. 
 The oppofite Place of the Globe to Negrcs-hnii is part of the Weft 
 
 Jnmican 
 
 > 
 
partll. NegYoe-Land. 317 
 
 AmeficdnOc(t^ri, lying betxveen 164 and zoo Degree* of Longitude, 
 with S and 2z Degrees of Southein Latitude. 
 
 ;S>Oil ] The Soil of this Country (lying in the ad, ^nd 3d Nort^i 
 Climate) is very rich, efpecially towards the River I^^cr, which o- 
 verflov/s a confiderabl6 part thereof, as the N//edoth hgytt.. Here is 
 greatftore of Corn and Cattle, and variety of Herbs. Here are pa- 
 nv Woods, and thofe well furnilh'd with Elephants, ^nd other Beafts, 
 both wild and tame. Here alfo are feveral Mountains, .and thofe 
 richlv lin'd with valuable Mines of Silver and Gold. The longcft 
 Day in the Northmoft part of this Country, i« about 13 Hours and a 
 quarter; the Hiorteft in the Southmoft is ii Hours and a quarter ; 
 and the Nights pioportionably. 
 
 Commo&itiCjS.] The chief Commodities of this Country, 
 Oftridge-Feathe rs, Gums, Amber, Gold, red Wood^ Oivct, and t- 
 leprhants Teeth, &c. 
 
 ^mt\t<*'] In Jmla (a little Kingdom in the Country of the 
 Ues) is a fmall River, call'd by the iranks, Rio de la Grace ; oppofite 
 to whofe Mouth is a confideiablc Bank of Sand, out of which there 
 iffueth, at low Water, a gentle Stream of curious fre£h Water, mpC: 
 pleafant to the Tafte. U J Next to Sanyeng (a Village m the fame 
 Country; is a Well of tenPathom depth, whofe Water is naturallf 
 fo very fweet, that in tafte it comes nothing fhcrt of ordinary Sugar, 
 (d.) in the Province oiGago, the fandy Defart is of fuch a n.atute, 
 that human Bodies laid in the fame (for many Perfons perilh in en- 
 deavouring to crofs itj don't in. the ieaft corrupt, but become hard, 
 like the Egyptian Mummies. 
 
 3llrcIjtli{lbOp2i(fej?, Archlijhoprkh, Bipoprkh, Vniverfttttt, 
 
 none. 
 
 Uaaimer??.]] The m^roes Chaving their Denomination froin the 
 Blacknefs of their Complexion; are a People very ignorant m all Arts 
 and Sciences. In Behaviour extremely rude and barbarous, much 
 oiven to Luxury, addifted to beaftly Pleafures, and univerfally great 
 Idolaters. In the maritime Places they trade m Slaves ivith the Eu- 
 Topeam, felling to them not only what Captives they take in Wars 
 With one another, but alfo (mzny times) rhcir nEareft Relations, 
 -even Wives and Children not excepted. 
 
 ?£an0Uaj5e.] in this vaft Country there are variety of Languagett 
 and very different from one another. The principal of which are the 
 Sangai^T^Guhr; that of ^f//»/^//r, and what they ordinarily ufe in 
 
gi8 Negroe-Land, tart It 
 
 ^kdrigai^it. tfifc Country of the yalofrs, arctliofe call'd by the 
 Islames of BoJm and ; the fkft being a Lihguage that's ex- 
 
 l^enj^ly. '0»gl^, i" Pronunciation, and hard to bk learn'tl ; but the 
 ^(fj^et is gedeiaHy reckon'd very fwect and eafie. ' r.lir.if. 
 
 ^OtJtthWtnfi] This fJ>acious Conntryis ftibjefl: to many King^, 
 •who are abfolut^ over theJr own Territories , but all, or tnoft of 'em 
 ire tribdtary to one Sovereign, viz. the King ofltomiutet who is 
 *eckon'd the mpft powcrftil of 'etn all. Next to him are Mandingi, 
 GagOf zndCano, j 
 
 $ieli0ion.] The numerftqs Inhabitants of this vaft Country, are 
 k'lthtt Mahometans J or grofs Idolaters ; and fome in the midland Pro- 
 vinces live without any fign of Religion or Worlhip among them. 
 A faint Knowledge of the Mofaical Law, was once introduc'd into 
 ^bme Parts of Negroe-land ; and the Maraboutt of Cambea and Cajfan 
 Ijive ftill a confus'd Account of the Hiftorical Part of the Old 'Tefia- 
 vnerit. They acknowledge the Exiftence of One God, and never 
 adore him undeir any corporeal Reprefentatton. They alfo own otir 
 Bleffed Saviour as a mighty Prophet, and Worker of Miracles. They 
 generally ufe Circnmcifion, a* other Mahometans do. , Chripanity 
 got once fome footing in thefe Parts of the "World, but was wholly 
 bvferrclouded by Mahomeianifm, ioyiZtd<i the middle of the Tenm 
 iSenttiry. 
 
Fart II. 
 
 SEC T. VL 
 
 Concerning ^UiXtt^' 
 
 'g<;between j349 ^^lof ton.?' ^ ^ 
 
 5 J. T 05 00? r T r 
 
 r The Coafts of Maleguetie"] 
 
 (Timan - 
 
 Guinea I 
 coth- J 
 pre- 7 
 hends I 
 
 (.The Kingdom of Bm;7 — J \Arda. ■• 
 
 l^aitie.] /^XJinea [^anknown to the Ancients, and pfropbrlf a paiPt 
 Gf Negroe-land; now bounded on the Efift by part-gf 
 Ethiopia Exterior ; on the "Weft by fome of the vaft AtlaMidk Ocean 
 on the North by Uegro(e-Jaftd ; and on the South by part tjf 'the Stitd^ 
 pick Ocean] is tersi'd by the liaharis and Spdniavdi^ Gk'iw/t 'i hf thfe 
 French and Germans, Guinee \ and by the EngVjhy Guinea ; fo cali'A, 
 as moft imagine, frorh the Nature of the Soil, and cxceffire Hsaidf 
 the Country, the Name fignif ying Mot ahd Pry* 
 
 3CirO the^/refthis Country is extremely hot, ans}iv€^^y unwhol-" 
 fomej efpecially to iStrangers, with whom it fo difagreeth, tnat many 
 live but a fhort time afttr their Arrival in it. The oppdfite PlaOe 6f 
 the Globe to Guinea^ is that part of Ne w Guinea., and adjacent Oceaft 
 between 170 and 197 Degrees of Longitude, with^ and 13 Degrees 
 of Southern Latitude, « 
 
 i§)Oil.] The Soil in many Places is wonderful fertile, producing 
 the choiceft of Grains and Fruit* This Country is well ftorVi With 
 Elephants, whofe Teeth bring great Gain to i:he Inhabitants, when 
 tither fold orbarter'd for other Goods of fhofe Merchant^ whb trade 
 "with them. Here alfo are feveral inexhanftible Mines of Gold j amd 
 in many of its Rivers are found fome Pearls of great Value, with a- 
 bundance of Gold Dutt. The longeft Day in the Northmorft Part 
 is about 12 Hours and 3 quarters ; the fliortfcft in the Southmoft is 
 1 1 Hours and 3 quarters ; and the Night proportienably. 
 
 Com* 
 
320 Guinea, Part It; 
 
 I 
 
 Cotttltttl&itfC!».] The chief Commedities of this Country, are Gold, 
 Ivory, Hides, Wax, Amber-gris, Guinea-Pepper, Red Wood, Su- 
 gar, Civet, &>c. 
 
 ItaritiCjf.] So impetuous is the Current of Rio da Voha, that the 
 Sea, for about a Mile near the Place \vhere the River difgorgeth it 
 felf, appears always of a whitifh Colour, and is faid to have a fweetifli 
 Tafte for almoft ten Fathoms deep, (z.) In feveral Parrs of Gmn«a 
 grows a certain Tree (commonly called Migmh) w^ich having ii> 
 Incifion rpade in its Body, doth yield an excellent Liquor, of niuch 
 rcqueft among the Natives, proving to them more pleafant, ftrong 
 and nourifhing, than the choiceftof Wines. ( 5 J In feveral Inland 
 Provinces of Guinea, and the Countries adjacent, is fometimes feen 
 that remarkable Creature, term'd Savage by the Portugueze [[and by 
 ihe Natives, ^oja Marrow'} but moft ufually found in Angola (ind 
 there call'd Ourang Outang) from whence one was lately brought to 
 Englandy and view'd by Multitudes of People at London. Such Crea- 
 tures walk frequently upright as Men ; at other Times on all Four ; 
 and fo near is their Refemblance to Human Shape, that many of the 
 Negroes either take them for real Men, imagining, that by long Con- 
 tinuance in the Woods they're become Demi-Brutes^ or look upon 
 them as the fpurious Iffue of unnatural Commixtures. Some of our 
 modern Travellers would fain perfwade the World, that fuch Crea- 
 tures are the genuine Off-fpring either of the ancient Satires or Pyg- 
 iftleSf fo famous among the Poets, and fo frequently mention'd by 
 fliny fwho fpoke'much of them by Hearfay^. But others, with 
 more fhew of Probability, do reckon them fpecifically the fame wi t!) 
 the Apes oiBorneoy already mention'd, Page 299. For a full and fa- 
 tisfa&ory Account of this remarkable Creature, with a nice Exami- 
 nation of the various Coi)je£lures about it, I refer the Reader to a 
 particular Treatife on that Subjeft, lately publilhed by the learned 
 t)r. "iyfon. 
 
 ^llrcJbifJjOp^iCfi^, &c.] Archhljhoprifh , BlJI^oprlcks , XJnherftties, 
 none. 
 
 The Natives of this Country are great Idolaters, very 
 fuperftitious, and much given to ftealing. In Complexion they're of 
 the blackeft fort, and moft of 'em walk quite naked without the leaft 
 Shame. Some of 'em on the Sea-Coafts are given to Trading, and 
 underftand Commerce tolerably well : But generally they're a cheat- 
 ing, proud, lazy, and fiuttifh kind of People. 'Remarkable is one 
 fundamental Law (or rather an ancient Cuftom) among fome Peo- 
 ple upon the Coafly viz.. Tliat every Ferfon is oblig'd to be- 
 take 
 
Part IT. Guinea. ^21 
 
 take himfelf to t'le fame Trade orlmployment which his Fore-fathers 
 havefollow'd. Upon the Death of a Husband intheKingdom-of 
 the Widow becomes wholly fubje£l to her Own Son (if any) and niay 
 be reckon'd among his Number of Slaves ; only with this DiflFerence, 
 that fhe c.inr't be fold without Leave obrain'd from the immediate 
 Prince of the Country where they live. To kill a confiderable Num- 
 ber of Slaves at the Funeral of any grea; Perfon, wasaCuftom (al- 
 moft) univerfal thro' all Pagan Countries, and particularly here, but 
 much worn our in thefe latter Ages, 
 
 Eanguage.] The chief Lanpun^e in this Country, is that call'i 
 Sungaiy which is alfo underftood and fpoken in feveral adjacent Coun- 
 tries, particularly Totnbutand Metli. Of the feveral Tongues in ufe up- 
 on the Golden Coajt, that of the Acanijles is moft univerfal, being cur- 
 rent almoft all Guinea over ; except AnteWy Acara, NiKgo, and Sincn^ 
 ■which have each their particular Dialefts, The Trading Part of 'em 
 iinderftaod and fpeak Po»'/«'^«ej:«. 
 
 ^Otifrnmcnt.] This Country owneth Subje£l:ion to feveral Sove- 
 reigns, the chief of whom is ordinarily ftil'd, The Emperor Guinea ^ 
 to whom divers other Kings and Princes are fubjeft. Next to him is 
 the King of Benin, who is efteem'd a powerful Prince, having feveral 
 States fubjefi aud tributary unto him. 
 
 nclijjton,] 'Bai^ftriifm is the 'Religion of this Country, the Ptofeflion 
 whereof is attended with many ridiculous Superftitions ; and in fome 
 Places on the Go!den Coafi, that diabolical Cuftom of offering op Hu- 
 man Sacrifices, is ftill in ufe, but not fo current as formerly. ThePy- 
 ihagorean Opinion (embrac'd by a great part of the Heathen World) 
 prevails mightily here. Thofe of the Kingdom of Benin do own a Su- 
 preme Being, whom they call by the Name of Orifay acknowledging 
 him as the Creator of Heaven and Earth ; but think it needlefs to ferve 
 him, bccaufe (fay they) he being infinitely Good, will be fure not to 
 hurt them. On the very contrary Account, they're very careful in pay- 
 ing their Devotions, and offering Sacrifices to the Devil, or fome bad 
 Spirit, who they think is the Caufe of all their Calamities. Theylike- 
 wife offer up a yea rly Sacrifice to the Sea, reckoning thereby to appeafe 
 the Waves, and procure calm and peaceable Weather. In feveral other 
 Parts of this Country, are neither Idol nor Temple, and many of the Peo- 
 ple feem to enteitain but very flender Hopes of a future State ^ and 
 wholly deny rheRefurredionof the Body, except thofe who are kill'd 
 in the Wars. Which Exception hath been undoubtedly inculcated upon 
 'em by fome of their Princes, and that, 'tis very probable, out of a Po- 
 litical Deilga. Z SECT, 
 
Part IL 
 
 SECT. VII. 
 
 Gonccrning jli^Utli^. 
 
 Vhetwe^n^ 
 
 r North- 7 
 
 ^ South- — 3 
 
 C Length from N. E. to S. 
 S N W. is about 840 Miles. 
 '^'^'^ Breadth from E. to W. is 
 , about 570 Miles. 
 
 the River Nuba, chief Towns are, 
 
 C Samna, 
 
 1 
 
 Nubia, 
 
 ^amClXT C^^nown formerly under the fame Name ; and 
 
 1^ now bounded on the Eaft by part of Ethiopia Exterior ; 
 on the Weft by Zaara and Negvoe-land ; on the North by Egy^t and 
 -n^tl of Eildttlgerid ; and on the South by Ethiopia Interiovl is term'd 
 by the Italians and Spaniards, Nubia ; by the Frend), Nubie ; by the 
 Germans, Nubian ; and by the EngHjlo^ Nubia ; fo call'd from its an- 
 cient Inhabitants, the Nubi, or Nubii ; or (according to othersj the 
 Nobada and Nobades ; and finally, fome would derive its Name from 
 Nmbia (once) the Capital City of the whole Country. 
 
 ^iC] The Air of this Country is every where extremely hot, it be- 
 ing feldom qualified with Showers of Rain. The oppofite Place of the 
 Globe to Nubia, is part of Mare del Zvr, lying between 2 1 1 and 2 1 9 
 Degrees of Longitude, with 14° 30' and 22 Degrees of Southern La- 
 titude. 
 
 ;§>OiI.] The Soil of this Country (it lying in the 2d and 3d North 
 Climate) is faid to be very fertile in thofe Pares adjacent to the Ri- 
 ver Nile ; but elfewhere 'tis generally very barren, being cumbered 
 with many formidable Mountains of Sand. Here is good ftore of Ele- 
 phants, fome Sugar Canes, and (as feveral report) a few Mmes ot 
 Gold. The longeft Day in the Northmort Parts is about 13 Hours 
 and half; the fborteft in the Sonthmoft 11 Hours and half; and the 
 Nights proportionably. 
 
 €ommOOjtie^.] The chief Commodities of this Cowntry, are Gold, 
 Civet, Sugar, Ivory, .Arms, &c. ^^^.^ 
 
Part IL 
 
 Nulla* 
 
 iKacitie^.l In divers Parts of Nuhhx are ftill extant tlie Ruins of 
 many Chriflian Churches (being reckon 'd one Hundred and Fifty in 
 all) with feveral Piftures of our BlejOfed Saviour, the Virgin Mavy^ 
 and many Saints. Moft obfervable is that ftrange fubtle Poifon pro- 
 duc'd in this Country, one Grain thereof being able to kill ten Men 
 in a quarter of an Hour. It's conimonly fold at an hundred Ducats 
 an Ounce, but never to Strangers, unlefs they promife by Oath not 
 to ufe it in thefe Parts of the World. Remarkable is this Country 
 for being the Birth-place of the famous Nit'sian Geographer, 
 
 3I!tCplfl)0P^iCfiSf, &c.] ArchhiJhopTfcks t Bipopricks , Vnlverfttler., 
 none. 
 
 Jl^anncrji?,] The Nuhlans (of a Colour extraordinary Blackj are 
 faid to be a ftrong, coaragious, and cunning fost of People, much gi- 
 ven to War, very labdrious, and many of 'em exceeding wealthy, 
 there being eftablifh'd a confiderable Trafiick between them an^ the 
 Merchants of Gr^rWC^iiro in E^)';»f. 
 
 S^angUage.] The 2Tuhia»s have a particular La^iguage of t]j»eic 
 own, which hath forae Affinity with the Arabick and CbaU^an \ as 
 alfo fome Agreement w ith the old Egyptian Tongue* 
 
 <(5otCrntllCnt.] This Country is govern'd by its own independent 
 King, who is faid to be a very powerful Prince. One of his Pr«(de- 
 ceffors, call'd CyrlaatSy upon Information of the Chriftians being!op- 
 prefs'd mUgy^ty is rej&Orted to have rai^'d one Hundred Thou4n4 
 Horfe for their Relief. 
 
 iHeliSinn*] This fpacious Country was once ChrifiUn\ I^etc the 
 Miniftry failing, the Inhabitants, for want of Paftors, fell off ftom 
 Chr/fiianhy, and in procefs of Time became either ftriO: Me^metgns^ 
 or grofs Idelaters. The Sound of the bleflfed Golpel did reach the 
 Nubians^ and was cordially received by th«m in the earijeft Ag^ 0/ 
 the Chweh, ' 
 
 S E C Ts 
 
Part 11. 
 
 SECT. VIII. 
 Concerning Ctl^tOpt'a. 
 
 1^, V between 
 
 .5 /between 
 
 V3 V. 
 
 *: ^Length from N. E.to S.'W. is 
 S \ about 5(Joo Miies. 
 ^"^Breadth from \V. to E. is 
 ^ Q about 2 i8o Miles. 
 
 It being divided into Ethiopia 
 
 I nterior. 
 
 . Exterior. 
 
 C 
 
 CBavnagaJfo —* 
 
 , . 1 Tigremahon- 
 
 Intenor Com- Uff^^^^^ 
 
 prebends ma-/ p^.^^ — 
 
 ny Provinces, N^^^^^^^ — 
 
 Amara - 
 
 Beleguanze — 
 Eagamedri — ^ 
 
 the chief of 
 which are 
 
 !Bavva — 
 Chaxumo < 
 Bobas — 
 Idem 1 ■ 
 Idem 8* 
 Idem 
 .Idem 
 videm 
 
 SBiafara \ 
 Loavgo 
 
 doms ot Congo'^-"-—' 
 
 C Angola-' — ■■ 
 
 Em- C Monoemungi 
 pires ot\Mommotapa 
 
 eCafres 
 
 Coafts jZavguebar-- 
 
 of ^Ajan ' 
 
 VAbex-" " "" - 
 
 ('Idem — 
 
 Idem 
 
 Salvador ■ 
 Idem 
 
 U 
 
 Camuv — 
 ^ Idem — 
 
 CofoU — 
 Melinda- 
 Brava 
 Erecco — 
 
 'N. te S. 
 
 toN. 
 
 N. to S. on 
 the W. of 
 
 the Ahyf- 
 ftns, 
 
 to S. on 
 the— S. of 
 the Abyf- 
 I fins. 
 
 I S.toN.onthe 
 \ E. of the 
 I Abyffitis, 
 
 THIS vaft complex Body being generally confidet'd, as divided 
 into thefe two Claffes, viz. Upper and Lower ; or rather Ethio- 
 fca Inferior and Exterior i I fhali feparately treat of them both. 
 Therefore, 
 
 § I. 
 
Part II. 
 
 Etbiofta, 
 
 § I. Ethiopia Interior, or the Land of the 
 
 l^ameOnpHIS Country [badly known to the Ancients, and now 
 X bounded on the North by Nubia ; on the Eaft, Weft, and 
 South, by Ethiopia. Evterlor] is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards^ 
 Abyjjinia ; by the French^ I'Empire des Ahyjjins ; by the Germavs, Abyf- 
 jinen ; and, by the EngUjhj Ethiopia Interior, or, The Land of the Abyf- 
 fins. It's call'd Interior^ becanfe of its Situation, in refpeft of the other 
 Ethiopia., being encompafs'd by the fame on three fides ; and AbyJJtniaf 
 either from the River Abas, or its Inhabitants, whom the Arabians 
 call /IbaJjUy a People once refiding in Arabia Fcellx. The Name io 
 the Egyptian Language fignifieth Jcattered Nations. 
 
 SCir.] This Country being wholly within the 'Torrid Zone, its Air is 
 generally very hot, but yet in fome Valleys extremely cool and tem- 
 perate, by reafon of the many and prodigious high Mountains, fo fitu- 
 ated in divers Places, that at certain times of the Year, they intercept 
 the Sun-beams from low Valleys lying between them. The oppofice 
 place of the Globe to the Land of the Abyjfms, is part of Mare del 
 Zur, and Mare Vacificum, lying between 2 12 and 222 Degrees of 
 Longitude, with 9 and \6 Degrees of Southern Latitude. 
 
 ;f)Oil.] The Soilo^ this Country (it lying in the ift, 2d, gd North, 
 and ift, 2d, qd South Climate) is very difterent ; for in fome Places 
 adjacent to the numerous Branches of the Nile, the Ground is fit to 
 produce moft forts of Grain, fruits, and Herbs, in great plenty ; but 
 in thofe that are mountainous and remote from the Nils, nothing is 
 to be feen, but vaft Defarts, fandy Mountains, and formidable Rocks. 
 This Land is alfo faid to produce great ftore of Sugar Canes, Mines 
 of Iron, a great Qiiantity of Flax, and plenty of Vines ; but the In- 
 habitants either know not, or care not, to make ufe of thele things to 
 any confiderable Advantage. The longeft Day in the Northmoft 
 Paits is about 15 Hours and a haifj the fhorteft in the Southmoft 
 10 Hours and a half ^ and the Nights proportionably. 
 
 CommoDitiC^^. ] The chief Commodities of this Country , are 
 Gold, Mttals, fume Gems, Corn, Cattle, Salt; Flax, Wines, Sugai; 
 Canes, &'c, 
 
 ITauitit.sf.J Many are the natural Salt Pits of excellent Rock* 
 Salt in this Country ; and in the Confines of Dancala and "Tigraf 
 (two adjacent Kingdomsj is a large Plain of four Days Journey, 
 
 Z 3 oilQ 
 
^26 Ethiofia, Part II» 
 
 one fide whereof is entirely crafted over with pure white Salt, which 
 fe*ve$ the Inhabitants of the Country, both far and near ; fome 
 Hundreds of Camels, Aflfes, and Mules, being daily employ 'd in 
 carrying of it. (z.) In the Mountains of Gojame, is a great natural 
 hollow Rock; oppofite to which is another fo fituated, that (ac- 
 cording to Travellers Accounts of thofe PartsJ a Word only 
 •whifper'd on its Top, is heard at a confidcrabk Diftance ; and the 
 joint Voices of feveral Perfons fpeaking at once, appear as loud as 
 a great Shout of a numerous Army. (5.) Of the thany Chnftian 
 Temples in this vaft Empire, there are Ten ftatelyones hewn oat 
 of the firm Rock, which are reported to have been all perfeSed in 
 Twenty four Years ; and each of *em are faid to be proportionable 
 in all its Parts i with Gates and Windows in a moft regular man- 
 ner: For the Ichmgraphy of one of thofe Temples, v'ld. Comment. 
 J. Ludolphi in Hlfiwlam fuam Ethiopicam, lib. 2. cap. 5. Page 235. 
 C4.) In feveral Lakes of this Country, and the River Nile, is fre- 
 quently feen that amphibious Creature, call'd by the Ethiopians, 
 Bihat ; and Hippopotamus by the Greeksy becaufe of its having fome 
 Refemblance to a Hoife in feveral Parts of the Body. This is that 
 Creature which goes by the Name of Behemoth in the Book of Joh^ 
 according to the learned B(7c&<rr;«j [De Ammalibw, Si. S. pan 2. cap. 
 15.] who therein differs extremely from the vulgar (and formerly 
 receiv'd) Opinion in this Matter. ( 5.; In other Lakes and Rivers, 
 is fometimes taken the Tor/'i/ F(//j, whofe Nature is fuch, thatit a 
 Perfon only touch it, he's fuddenly feiz'd with an exceflivc Cold 
 and Trembling. The Natives are faid to allay the violent Heat ot 
 burning Fevers by touching the Patient therewith. (6.) Of the 
 many curious Birds in this Country, the f ipis is moft obfer . abie, 
 as being the ready Conduftor of Hunters to find out their Game; 
 for having difcovet'd any Beaft in his lurking Place, he's faid to Hy 
 towards the Huntfmen, and calling inceffantly Few^ow /Te^f-e Twhich 
 imports, that they fhould follow him) he flies foftly before them, 
 and is fure to condud them to their defir'd Prey. C7O Great is the 
 Variety of ftrange Animals to be feen in various Provinces of this valt 
 Empire ; the moft noted of which ate thefe Three. Rk/?, That 
 Creature commonly call'd by the Natives, Avd-ehavls [and by the 
 Arabsy Harip, or Harpam^ ^ v/hich hath one long Horn in its Fore- 
 head : Whereupon fome conclude, that this is the famous Unicorn 
 of the Ancients. Secondly, The Cameleopard (io term'd from having 
 a Head and a Neck like a Camel, and a fpotted Body as a Leo- 
 pard; which is faid to have fo long Legs, that a Man mounted on 
 an ordinary Horfe may eafily pafs under his Belly, without fo much 
 as touching him. Lafily, The Zeccr^, which is generally reckon d 
 the moft comely Creature of all Quadrupedes whatfoever. For 
 a particular Account of thefe, ,.and many more in this Country, 
 
Part IT. Ethioft{i. 327 
 
 •v'ld. LuAolphus above-mention'd, Uh. i. cap. lo. AnJ the learned 
 Bochartm his Hierozolcon, par. i. lib. 5. To thefe Rarities o'^ this 
 Country, I might here add the thrice famous Mountain Amara, 
 •which ought indeed to lead the Van, rather than bring up the Rear, 
 if only a tenth part of what hath been j^^ated of it were really true. 
 As' for the Sabbatical River (mention'd' both by Tliny and Jofephus^ 
 and which fome of the modern Jews would fain perfuade the World, 
 were now to be found in this Country, being formerly faid to be in 
 Judea) 'tis juftly look'd upon as one of the many Rabbinical Fi£fions 
 among them. 
 
 3JrCl)tlin)0p^icfi!3, 8cc.] Although the AbyJJlns allow of an Ec- 
 clefialiicai Hierarchy in the Alexandrian Church (whofe Patriarch 
 is own'd as their Headj yet they don't now admit of any other Or- 
 der among 'em fuperior to that of a Presbyter^ fave only their Ab- 
 httna. 
 
 The inhabitants of this Country (being Perfons of 
 a tawny Colour^ are generally etteemed an ignorant, lazy, and 
 perfidious fort of People ; not to be credited, unlefs they fwear by 
 the Life of their Emperor. Of feveral ridiculous Cuftoms among 
 'em, one is, That they generally hate a Smith as the Devil. Thofe 
 in and about Chaxumo, are reckon'd tlie beft of the whole Em- 
 pire ; divers of them being accounted very ingenious, befides ma- 
 ny others, who betake themfelves to a devoijt and religious fort of 
 Living. 
 
 I %anoua0e.] The Jbyjfme Tongue feems to have fome Affinity 
 with the Hebrew and Chaldaick. It's divided into a great many Dia- 
 lers (the chief and Jmoft refin'd of which, is the Amaris) and thofe 
 feem different Languages within the Limits of this Empire. Remark- 
 able is the Abyjpne Tongue for one Thing truly fingular, and peculiar 
 to it, viz. That whereas the Letter A is reckon'd the firft, by the 
 Ahyffin fy 'tis commoaJy accounted the Thirteenth, according to Lk- 
 dolphus's Grammar. 
 
 <l50lJernment.j This fpacious Country is fubjeft to one Sove- 
 reign, ftyl'd in the Ethiopian Language, Naggaji (which fignifies 
 Lordt or Ruler) otberways, 2V^^«/c^, Nagafche, i. e. RexRegum: As 
 i^or the European Title of Prejier, or Presbyter John, that's n6\iV rec- 
 kon'd as one of the many vulgar Errors in the World. It's now 
 generally agreed uponj That this Ethiopian Monarch fancieth him- 
 ielf to be fprung from Solomon and Maqueda (or NiZ'iule, according 
 io Jofephus) Qiieenof the South, He's faid to alTume a great many 
 
 z 4 yaira 
 
328 Ethlofia. Part IL 
 
 vain and exorbitant Titles, exprefling all thofe Provinces b • Names 
 comprehended within the Circuit of his Dominions ; and ftyling 
 himlclf, "The Beloved of God, fprun^ from the Stock of Judah : 'Tke Son 
 of David : l^he Son of Solomon : "Tke Sc/n of the Column of Sion : I'Le 
 Son of the Seed of ]a.coh : I'he Son of the Hard of Mary: The Son of 
 Nahu after the Flefh : He Son of St. Peter and Paul after the Spirit, &c. 
 His Government is altogether Defpotical, hit, Subje£is being treated 
 astheworftof Slaves. He is fo reverenc'd by the greatelt of 'em, 
 that at his very Name they bow their Bodies, and touch the Ground 
 •with one of their Fingers. The Empire doth not defcend to the el- 
 deft Son, bur to him -whom the Father upon his Death- bed fliall be 
 pleas'd to name. 
 
 5£ntl;«J.] The Ahyjjine Emperors, for Enfigns Armorial, b-^ar a 
 L/p« holding a Crofs^ with the following Motto, V'cit Leo de Irihi* 
 Judu 
 
 i^CligionO Within the Limits ofthis fpacious Empire, is a great 
 Mixruie of People, as Faganiy Jews^ and Mahcmetanu of \ariotis 
 Nations ; but the main Body of the Natives is Chvifiian. They 
 hold the written Word of God to be the only Rule of Faith ; and 
 that the Canon of Holy Scripture confifts of Eighty hve Books, 
 •whereof Forty fix, they fay, are in the Oldy and Thirty nine in 
 the Ne-uj 1'efiament. They're not well acquainted with the ApojloUck 
 Creed, but in lieu thereof do ufe the Nicene, or rather Confltintinopo- 
 litan. As to the grand Dodrine of the Incarnation, they're generally 
 Eutychians, being formerly led into that deteftable Herely by Diof- 
 corus. Patriarch of Alexandria. In the Perfon of their Emperor 
 they lodge the fnpreme Authority in all Matters, as well £cclefialh- 
 cal as Civil ; and do thereupon wholly deny the Supremacy of the 
 Bifhoo of Rome, allowing him indeed to be the firtt Patriarch, 
 but efteeming it Antichriftian in him, to pretend to a Jurifdittion 
 over the whole Church of Chrift. As they difown the Pope's Su- 
 premacy, fo alfo do they difclaim moft Points of the Popilh Doc- 
 trine ; particularly, thofe of 1'ran/uhflantiation, Fure;atoyy, Service in 
 an unknoavn Hongue, Auricular Corjfejjton, Images in Churches, Celebacy 
 of the Clerpy, Extreme Vnciion, &c. They make ufe of different 
 Forms in Baprifm, and keep both Saturd^ty and Sunday as Sabbath. 
 They punctually obferve Circumcifion, and abftain from eating of 
 Swines Flelh, not out of any regard to the Mofaick Law, but purely 
 as an ancient Cuftom of their Country. They're much enclin'd to> 
 giving of Alms, and yifiting the Sick. Their Divine Service doth 
 wholly confift in reading of the Holy Scriptures, Adminiftrarion of 
 the Eucharift, and hearing fome Homilies of the Fathers. They repair 
 
PartlL Ethiofia: J 29 
 
 to Chuvch betimes, and never enter with their Shoes on, nor fit 
 down, unlefs upon the bare Ground. They careCuHy obferve the 
 appointed Hours for publick Prayer, and perform that Duty with 
 great Devotion, in a Word, many of the Ahyjfins exptefs in feve- 
 ral refpeSs, a deep Senfe of Religion. For a particular Account of 
 this People, both as to their Religion and other Remarkables, vide 
 J. Ludolphus\ Ethiopick Hiftory. The Roman Miffionaries did fo 
 prevail about Seventy Years ago, that the Popifh Religion was like 
 to have got fure footing in this Empire ; for they had once gain'd 
 the Emperor and Court, and obtain'd a Proclamation in their Favour, 
 enjoyning the whole Body of the People to embrace the Doftrine of 
 the Romtn Church. But the Abyjpns were fo loth to part with the 
 Religion of their Forefathers, that the Emperor's Endeavour to pro- 
 pagate the Roman Faith, occafion'd many dreadful Infnrreftions in 
 his Empire ; which could not be quell'd without fhedding a Sea of 
 Blood. Finding therefore his Endeavours to be in vain, and dread- 
 ing the Confe^uence of making any new Attempt, he wholly gave 
 over the Defign, and not only retum'd to his former Belief himfelf, 
 but alto gave leave to all his Subjects to do the fame. And that he 
 might regain the [almoft loft] Arfedion of his People, he forthwith 
 banifhed out of his Dominions all Roman Miffionaries whatfoever, 
 together with ilphonfo Mendez.^ a Jefuit, who having been confe- 
 crated Patriarch of Ethiopia at Lisl^on, and approved by the Pope, 
 had been honourably received by the Ahyjfine Emperor under that 
 Chara^ier, and refided at Court in a peaceable Difcharge of his Of- 
 iice for feveral Years. As for thfc Plantation of Chripamty in this 
 Country, 'tis a conftant Tradition among the, Inhabitants, that the 
 Eunuch baptized by Fhiltp the Deacon, was Steward to the Emprefs of 
 Ethiopia; and that upon his Return, he converted the Court and 
 whole Empire to the Chriftian Faith. But (follewing the Opinion of 
 others; this Country was deftitutc of the blelTedGofpel till the Fourth 
 Century, when tirft inftrufted therein hy Frumentius (the Son of a 
 rutn Merchant ) who was confecrated Biihop by St. Athdnajius^znd is 
 commonly leckon'd the lirft Abbnna of this mighty Empire. 
 
 § 2. Ethiofia Exterior* 
 
 J^amcinn HIS Country (ot rather a complex Body of feveral 
 X Countries, and thofe unknown to the Ancients) is 
 bounded on the North by Abyjfmia ;< on the^feaft, Weft, and South, by 
 the Ethiopick Ocean. Which Country, together with the Abyfme 
 Empire above-mention'd, is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards, 
 Ethiopia ; by the French, Ethiopit j by the Germapsj Ethiqpien ; and, 
 
 by 
 
Sio Ethiopia. Part 11. 
 
 by the Englijh, Ethiopia ; fo cali'd from «/9cy, ; and vitltus ; 
 Tipon the accouDt ot" its exceilive Heat, the greateft I'arr thereof be- 
 ing in the Torrid Zone. This Ethitpia is llyl'd Exterior^ becaufe of ifs 
 Situation, in iefpe£l of the other. 
 ♦ 
 
 ^ir.] This vaft Body, comprehending feveral Kingdoms, Empires, 
 and Sovereignties, and thofe mightily extended from South to Norths 
 can't reafonably be fuppos'd to enjoy the fame Nature oi Air in all 
 its Parts. In Biafara and Congo, 'tis extremely hot, and would be in- 
 tolerable to the Inhabitants, were it not qualified in the firft ©f 
 thefe Kingdoms, by daily Showers of Rain, and in the other by 
 violent Winds, which fre<juently blow from the Weftern Ocean. In 
 Mo7Tomotapa ind Monoemungiy as alfo the Coafts of Cafres, the Air is 
 fniich more temperate; in Zanguebar, very unwholefome ; and in 
 /jan and Ahex, extremely hot. The oppofite Place of the Globe to 
 Ethiopia Exterior, is that part of Mare del Zur^ lying between 190 and 
 250 Degrees of Longitude ; with 10 Degrees South, and 25 Degrees 
 Is'orth Latitude. 
 
 ^Oil.l The various Divifions of this great Body being fituated 
 in different Climates (particularly the firft, fecond, third Northern; 
 and the firft, fecond, third Southern^ the Soil muft of neceflity be 
 very different. Biafara is faid to be lefs fertile than Congo : The Em- 
 pires of Mommotapa and Mcvoemungi, do produce abundance of 
 Grain, and are generally efteem'd very fit for Pafturage. The other 
 Divilions on the Eaft and South Eaft of the Ahyffinesy are for the moft 
 part very barren in all forts of Grain, yet productive enough of 
 ibme Sugar Canes, feveral kinds of Fruits and Spices ; are alfo fur- 
 sifh'dwith fome confiderableGold and Silver Mines, and every where 
 abounding with Elephants and Lions. So rich were thefe Mines found 
 by the Portugueze, in Zanguebar, and feveral Parts of the Cafres^ that 
 the Country about Sofala, hath been look'd upon by fome modern 
 Geographers, as the much controverted Land of Ophir. T'he longefl 
 Day in the Northmoft Parts is 13 Hours and an half ; the fViorteft 
 in the Sourhmoft 9 Hours and three quarters i and the Nights pro- 
 portionably. 
 
 ComitlQtJitiCl^.] Tlie chief Commodities of this Country, are Gold, 
 Silver, Amber-gris, fome Pearls and Musk, Rice, Millet, CatJe, 
 Liraons, Citrons, Ivory and Oil, 
 
 |f!flCitiCj«.] In the Kingdom of Angola is found the Ouoja Mar^ 
 row, that remarkable Creature, of whom already in Guinea, P. 520. 
 (z.) Molt forts of Creatures in Congo are to be feen alfo in Angola^ 
 particuldrly, a Serpent ( caU'd Mir>ia by the Inhabitants of ^ttoja. 
 
Part II. • Ethiofta. - ^ji 
 
 and Emhnmma by the Angolei.) which is reported to be of fuch a pro- 
 digious bignefs, that he's faid to fwallow a young Deer at one Morfel. 
 (3.) In divers Lakes of Angola (particularly thole of Quihaite and An- 
 golorie) are frequently feen feme Waier-Monfters, term'd AmbiJiangMlo 
 and FeJIe77got7iy by the Natives; but Europeans give them the Title of 
 Syrenes^ bccaufe (when taken) they fetch heavy Sighs, and cry with a 
 dolorous Tone, refembling very much the mournful, yet charming 
 Voice of a Woman. One Hand of that remarkable Creature I have 
 Jatelyfecn in the Repofitory of AT/vfwra/ Rarities at Leyden: And two 
 Hands in the Muf£um Regium at Copenhagen. (4.) In the Ifland Le- 
 manda 'm a remarkable Tree, call'd by the Inhabitants Eufada, and Ar- 
 bor de Raiz (i.e. Arbor Radicuin) hy tht^ortugueze. It derives this 
 Name from the Nature of its Branches, which fpring forth on all fides 
 from the Trunk (where 'tis generally three Fathoms in Diameter^ 
 and many of 'em bowing fo low as to touch the Ground, take Root, 
 and fpring forth anew, till by their Weight they bow down again, 
 and take Root the fecond time, and fo on, till they cover a thoufand 
 Paces in Circuit, and able to lodge under its Branches three thoufand 
 armed Men, who may find Defence not only from Heat, but alfoRain 5 
 fo thick and numerous are thofe Filaments, and fo well lin'd with 
 Leaves. (5.) In feveral Parts upon, and South of the River Coanza, 
 are confiderable Mines of Rock Salt, Forthefe, and feveral other 
 Jlemarkables of this Country, vide Dapper oi Africa. 
 
 5Slrcl)t)i|l;Cp2icfi.^, &c.]] ArMiJbopricks , Bijhofricks , Vmverfities , 
 none. 
 
 jlotanner^J.] The various Inhabitants of thefe many and vaffly 
 extended Countries, are generally a dull, favage, and fwarthy 
 kind of People, among whom a great many remarkable Cuftoms 
 prevail. To inftance only in a few : It's reported of the Empe- 
 ror of Mommoiapa, that whene'er he drinks in publick, the whole 
 Court doth jointly pur up their Prayers in his Behalf, and that with 
 a very loud Voice, which being heard in the Neighbourhood, all 
 ferfons there living are bound to do the fame ; as likewife others 
 hearing them, and fo on ; whereby the whole City or Country 
 adjacent, is always fenfible when the Emperor takes his Glafs. In 
 the Kijigdom of Loangozte many Canjjibals, and in feveral Places 
 'tis as ufual to fell humane Flcfh publickiy in Shambles, as other 
 Nations do commonly Beef and Mutton. In the fame Kingdom 'ti« 
 eftablifli'd by an ancient Cuftom, That whene'er a Father deceafeth, 
 his Goods belong not to 'the Children, but his own Brothers or 
 Sifters, who, are bound to take care of fuch of the little ones, as 
 they think are not able to care for themfelves. To add no more, 
 We read of another Cuftpm yet more uncouth, among a cerrain^Peo- 
 
Ethiopia, ■ part 11. 
 
 pie inhabiting xhtCafres, which is, That whene'er a Fatherdeceafeth, 
 ihe Children, borh old and young, are oblig'd tolofe the little Finger 
 of their Left-hand, and to bury if with him. For defin ing the Per- 
 formance of that painful Dury, they're commonly very tender of theit 
 Parent's Health, and take all Care imaginable to prolong his Life ; 
 ■which was probably the original Caufe of fo ftrange a Pradtice. Bat 
 of all the Inhabitants of thefe various Countries, there's none more 
 obfei-vable for their manner of living, than a certain People near 
 unto, and upon the Cipe, and commonly call'd by the Name of 
 Mottantots. They're fo term'd from a frequent Repetition of that 
 or fuch like Word ; and may be reckon 'd the moft Nafty and Bru- 
 tifh of all reafonable Creatures, having nothing, fave the Shape *oi 
 Man, that can lay claim to that noble Charader. Their Bodies are 
 nfually befmeared with common Greafe, or fome worfe ftinking 
 Stuff, which occafions a very loathibme Smell. Their ordinary Ha 
 bit is a Sheep's Skin, juft as 'tis puU'd off from the Carcafs: and 
 they nfe fas Ornaments) the Guts, cumpuris naturalibusy wrapt about 
 their Legs and Arms two or three Inches deep, on which tiiey fre- 
 i^uently teed when fcarce of frelh ProviGons. Notwithfianding the 
 unparaleli'd Naftinefs of this People, yet fome Travellers talk of a 
 certain inland Canibal Nation (term'd Cohonasj who make frequent 
 Incurfions into their neighbouring Countries, and Ipare none they 
 catch, no, not the iyf]\m^Hottantoti themfelves, who ('twould feem) 
 lliould make but a very unfavoury Repafl. 
 
 ILanguaSC] There is a wonde:rful Variety of Lanp^uage\ in thofe 
 various and vaftly extended Countries, which go under the Name of 
 Efhicfia Exterior. The Inhabitants of Cortqo and Angola have each of 
 'em a peculiar Language of their own. In the Eaftern Divifions.par- 
 ticularly Ajan and Abex , the Arabian^ with Variation of Dialeif, 
 doth chiefly prevail ; but the Language in ufe among thofe of the 
 Cafres, efpccially the Hottantois, doth feem to be only aconfus'd and 
 inarticulate Noife and Bellowing. 
 
 <0OlietnniCnt.] The various Divisions of this great Body, are 
 fubjctted to various Sovereigns ; particularly the Kuigdoms of Bia- 
 pra and Co^Pf, are rul'd by their own Kings, to whomfe/eral, 
 Princes are fubjed". The Empires o£ Monomotnpa znd Menoernurigi 
 are govern'd by their refpeftive Emperors (who are reckon'd power- 
 ful Princes) and to them feveral Kings are tributary. The People 
 inhabiting the South and South-Eaft Coafls of this great Body (ex- 
 cept thofe or the Cafres, who know little or nothng of Government) 
 are fubjeft to ftverai Princes, as Zaftgusbar is govern'd by fome petty 
 Kings of its own, and many Places on the Sea-Coafts are tributary to 
 iht ^orlKgueze, The Coaft of il'ex doth principally belong to the 
 
Part II. Etbiopia. l^j 
 
 I'urk' And laftly, Ajan is partly under the Turhy and partly its own 
 Kings. 
 
 li^eltaitin.j The numerous Inhabitants of thefe many Countries, 
 are generally grofs Idolaters, excepting thofe ofZanguebar, Ajan^ and 
 Abex^ who incline to Mahometamfm ; and fome on the Coaft of the 
 Cajres (particulafly the HoUantots above-mentioned) who live without 
 any fign of Religion, being deftitute both of Prieft and Temple ; and 
 never fbew any Token of Devotion among 'em, except we reckon 
 their Dancing at the Full and New Moon fur fuch. In the Kingdom 
 of Loango^ the Generality of People entertain certain faint Idea of 
 God (whom they term 5«wAirt«Pow(roj but being funk into the blackeft 
 Idolatry, they admit of many ridiculous Superftitions in their way of 
 Worfhip. However, the Inhabitants of Malemba, in the fame King- 
 dom, do vaftly fiirpafs their Neighbours, and by fome woiaderfal 
 Marks of Natural Religion, do publickly baflfle their grofs Stupidity; 
 for of them we are credibly informed, that they fct apart every Fifth 
 Day for publick Worfhip ; at which Time one of reputed Integrity, 
 makes a publick Oration, deterring them from the CommiiUon of 
 Murther, Stealth, Impurity, or fach like ; and to enforce his Exhor- 
 tation, he backs the fame with the powerful Topicks of Rewards and 
 Puniftments in afutiire State; affrighting their Confcience with a 
 miferable State in the Society of Bemmbe (/. e. the Devil; on one 
 Hand ; and folacing their Minds on the other, with the Hopes o^en- 
 pyirt^ Ziammampoaf2gOy by which they mean God, or the Maker of 
 ihis vifible World, They like wife ufe Circumcilion, adniitting their 
 Children into their Religion by that Ceremony, which is perform'd 
 bv one of themfelves fet apart for that Office. 
 
 ^ E C T- 
 
Fart li- 
 
 SECT. IX. 
 
 Concerning the African Iflands, 
 
 More remarka-^ 
 ble, as 
 
 The African I- 
 flandsjbeingi 
 
 Left remarka- 
 ble, as 
 
 J\4adaga/car. 
 ' Ifles of dpc Verde. 
 ^The Canary m^ryds. 
 ^The Madera. 
 
 f Zocotera. 
 
 I Ifles of Comore. 
 
 \ St. 'Thomas. 
 
 '{ The Frincefj Ifland. 
 
 1' Ambon. 
 St. Helena. 
 
 LThe Ifle of Afcevfidn: 
 
 Mai^g^f'^''^^ [containing many Provinces, but very uncertain] its 
 chief Town is F«77/73e)-«r, upon the S. E. Part of the Ifland. 
 
 fSt. Anthony • 
 St. Ktncenf^ 
 St. Lucia- 
 
 } St. Nicholas -. 
 
 IflaadsofCape^ Infula de Sal — 
 Yerde are 
 
 ^ Bonavifla 
 
 IMagO'—-' 
 
 I Infula delFuego — ■ ^ 
 
 \Bra va ~ ■ — 
 
 >W. to E. 
 
 ^N.E.to S.W. 
 
 Chief Town 
 of all is St, 
 yagoyin the 
 
 The Cdnarj l- 
 ilands are 
 
 ' tLancerota-"— 
 
 Forte ventuvai' 
 ^ Canavia- — - — 
 ^ "Teneriffe* 
 Gomera — 
 
 L Valma 
 
 From E. to \V. Chief Town 
 of aU is Cannria^ in the 
 Ifland Canaria, 
 
 Madera^ lying in 32 Deg. 50 Min. North ^Latitude. Its Chief 
 Town is ^unchdl or TopKaf, 
 
 The 
 
P^rt II. ^African IJlands, 
 
 555 
 
 TH E moft remavkable of the African IJlandsy being here reduc'd 
 to Four Clafles, viz. Madagafcav^ Cape Verde lJlands-,ihe.Cnna~ 
 vi€f,/^i\A Madera^ we fhall particularly conftder them, and then take 
 a general View of all the reft. Therefore, 
 
 ^ I. MADAGASCAR. 
 
 J^ame.lnn H I S inand (unknown to the Ancients) is term'd by 
 the Spaniards, ijla de San Lot enzo i by th^ French^ Si. 
 Laurence, otherwifc Dauphine; by the Italians, Germans, and ^ng- 
 lip, Madagafcar ; which Name was us'd by the Natives, and ftiji 
 retain'd. As ro the Title of St. Lawenre, the fame was given to this 
 Idind hy thG Portiigueze, it being on St. Laureme''s D^y rhat tbey- 
 made their firft Difcovery of ir. 
 
 2Ctr.] The Air of this Ifland is generally very temperate, and by 
 j moft affirm'd to be exceeding wholefome to breathe in. The o,jjpo- 
 fite Place of the Globe to Madagafcar, is the South Part of CaU- 
 ^ornia. 
 
 ;§)0iL3 The <S^oi/ of this. Ifland is extraordinary fruitful in many^ 
 Parts thereof, affording all Things neceflary for the Life of Man iiij 
 great Plenty. The Length of the Days and Nights in Mad,igafcar, is 
 the fame as in Monoemutigi, ihey both lying under the fame Parallels 
 of Latitude. 
 
 COUUtlDiJitlC!?.] The cbicf Commodities of this Ifland, are Rice,j 
 Hides, Wax, Gums, Cryftal, Steel, Copper, tbony, and Wood ot 
 ■jii fojts. 
 
 JSaritiC^t.] Towards the Eaftern Part of this Ifland is a pleafaBt; 
 and fertile Valley, call'd Amboufe^ which isflock'd with feveral ri<-h: 
 Mines of Iron and Steel , and yields great ftore of the Oil of 
 Sejanum. {z.) Nigh to the aforefaid Valley is an excellent Medici- 
 nal Well of hot Water, which proves a ready Cure for cold 
 Diftempers in the Limbs. (5.) In the fame Neighbourhood is a 
 high Mountain, on whofe Top is a remarkable Spring of very Sahr 
 Water, though upwards of Thirty Leagues from the Sea. (4.) In 
 this Ifland (efpeciaily the Southern Provinces) are moft forts of 
 Mineral Waters, very different both in ColouV, Tafte, and Quaihr 
 ties; and fome Places afford large Pits of Bitumen. (5.^ la 
 this Ifliind is alfo a River, whofe Gravel is fo exceeding hot, tha-c 
 
 there's 
 
nAplcan IJlands, Part IL 
 
 there's no treading upon it, and yet the Water of that River is ex- 
 tremely cold. 
 
 ^anntC^.] The Natives of Madfirafcnv are reported to be a lea- 
 cherous, ignorant, inhofpirable, and treacherous fort of People, they 
 hate Polygamy, and ftill punifh Murther by Death. Divers fingular 
 Cuftoms prevail in feveral Parts of this Ifland, particularly thefe two : 
 Tirfi^ If a Woman be fafely delivered of a live Child, and after- 
 TH'ards die in Childbed, the living Child is bury'd wjrh the dead Mo- 
 ther; being better [fay they] that the Child fhould die than li ve, ha- 
 ving no Mother to look after if. The other is, The expofing of their 
 Children to wild Beafts, if brought forth upon an unkicky Day (as 
 they term it) or during fome unfortunate Afpefts of the Planers, as 
 their Ombi/xff'es^ or Prietts, pretend to tell them. So numerous are 
 thofeDays they reckon unluclj, that almoft one half of the Year is 
 accounted fuch : and hence it is that this Ifland is fo thinly ftock'd 
 with Inhabitants, 
 
 ^CrcIjllinJOP^^"^"^"^* ^^'^ Arcbhipnprids, Blpoprichf Viiherfttes^ 
 none. 
 
 ^angUfl^f.] The Lan^^uage here commonly us'd, is as barbarous 
 as they who fpeak it. Almoft every Province hath its peculiar Dia- 
 left, yet not fo different but that they underftand one another j fo 
 that the Natives of this Ifland may be faid to have but one Tongue 
 in common among 'em all. 
 
 450tJErninent.] This ifland is fubjp£l to many particular Lords, 
 commonly cAltd. RohandriapSj who are continually at War among 
 themfelves about their Cattle and Slaves, yet unanimous enough to 
 defend themfelves againft the Invafion of Strangers, Some formerly 
 teckon'd Six Sovereign Princes, or Kings, in Madagascar \ otheis 
 Four; but now every Province has its particular Governor, having 
 under him various {'t.e. Governors of Villages and CaftlesJ 
 
 who ftand accountable to him in every thing. 
 
 5[Irm^.] Arms^ none. 
 
 IHtHsion.] The Inhabitants of this Ifland are either Tagavs or 
 fl/fahometanf, except thofe People living upon the Eaft-rn Coafts, 
 between Fifteen and tighteen Degrees and an iialf of South Lati- 
 tude, term'd Zaffehibraim e. the Race oi' Abraham'] ; and others 
 on the adjacent Ifland, call'd NoJJli Hibraim \j.e. rhe Ifle of 
 Jbraharn} who difllcr extremely from their Neighbours in religious 
 Matters. For many of 'em are faid to obferve the fswiih Sabbath, 
 
P:art il. eAfrica» JJlaMs, 
 
 and give not onlf a faint Account of the Creation of the World, and 
 Fall of Man ; bat alfo a few broken Paflages of the Sacred Hiftory 
 concerning Noah and Abrahaniy Mofes and Ba/vU. Whence divers 
 Travellers conjefture, that they're originally defce.ndcd of fome yew^, 
 ■who might have been driven upon that part of the ifland, none knows 
 how, nor when. 
 
 § 2. Cafe Verde IJlandSi 
 
 j^aitt^,]''1r*HESE Iflands (the NefperUes of the Anciehts) ire termed 
 JL by the Italians^ If ola di Capo Verde ; by the Spaniards ^ 
 IJlas de Cabo Verde i by the French^ Les IJles du Cafe Verde \ by the 
 Germani, Cape Verd Infttln ; and, by the E)7glijh, Cape Verde Iflands ; 
 fo caird from the oppofite Cape in Negroe handy which beareth that 
 Name, and that becaufe it is, or appeareth ajways of a Green 
 Colour. 
 
 ^il*.] The Air of thefe Iflands is generally reckon 'd very uhwhole- 
 fome, efpecially in St. yago^ the biggeft and chief of them all. The 
 oppofite Place of the Globe to Cape Verde IJlands, is part of the H^eji 
 American Ocean, lying between 153 and 160 Degrees of LongitudCj 
 •with 12 and 18 Degrees of Southern Latitude, 
 
 ^Oil.^ The Soil of thefe vatious Iflands, is not the faiuein all, 
 fome of 'em being very fertile, and others extremely barren. The 
 Length of the Days and Nights in them, is -the fame as in the Land 
 of the Negroesy they both lying under the fame Parallels of La- 
 titude^ 
 
 ComitlOtlitie!?.] From thefe Iflands the Tortugueze tranfport incre- 
 dible Quantities of Salt, as alfo gteat Nuitibers of Goars-ikins (of 
 which they make excellent Cardevanrs) : And likewife from thence 
 , may be brought moft forts of pieafint Fruits, particularly LimoiJs, 
 Citrons, Oranges, Cocoes, Figs, and Melons. 
 
 HantiClS.] The moft remarkable of thefe Iflands, is the IJle de 
 Ffiego, or Fogo, Co call'd, as being a noted Volcano, continually fend- 
 ing up fulphuroiis^Exhalations, and fometimes the Flame" breaks out 
 {/Etna or Vefuvius like) in fuch a terrible manner, and vomits forth 
 fuch a Number of Pumice-ftones^ that it annoys all the adjacent 
 Parts. In Infula de Sel, are many natural Salt-pics, which yield a 
 prodigious Quantity of Salt ; from whence the Ifland d^-rives its 
 NamCi 
 
nAfrkan JJlands. Part II. 
 
 3I!CCpi(l)01?^icfe', &C.} Archbi^30prkks , Bipoprkh , Vniverftties ; 
 none. 
 
 ^anncr^.] The Inhafeitanrs of thefe Iffands bei^g Porfngueze, ar« 
 niuch the fame with thofe on the Continent. 
 
 |r,aili0Uflge.] The inhabitants of thefe Iflands being VoHugueze (i$ 
 aforefaid ) do fiill retain their own Language. 
 
 ^50bfrnm«nt."l Thefe Iflands at their firft EHfcovery being deftf- 
 tute of Inhabitants, were peopled by their Difcoverers the Fortugueze, 
 and at prefent belong to the Crown of Vortugal^znA are rul'd by a par- 
 ticular Governor, who aUumeth the Title of FiVe-i?(>y, and commonly 
 jrefideth in the Iffand of St. jfago. 
 
 Helioion.] The Fortugune htxc refiding, are of the fame/?e%«p» 
 ■with thofe in FortHgah 
 
 § J. Tbe Canary Iflands. 
 
 ^amclnpHESE Iflands (the InfuUVortunatA th^ Ancients) 
 X. are term'd by the Italians, Ifoh d't Canarla; by the 
 Spaniatdsy IJlas Canar'ias i by the Trench^ Les Ijles Canaries ; by the; 
 Gtrmansy Canarifche Infuh ; and by the Englip, The Canary Iflands ; 
 lo call'd from the chief Ifland Canaria^ which deriv'd its Name from 
 Can [/. e. Dog in Spaniji)~] becaufe a vaft Number of Dogs were found 
 rhereon by the Spaniards at their firft Difcovery of it. 
 
 lie] The Air of thefe Iflands finclining to Heatj is generally 
 cfteem'd extraordinary wholfome. The oppofife Place of the Globe 
 to Canary IJlands, is that part of the vaft Occidental Ocean, lying 
 between i6i and i6S Degrees of Longitude, with a) and 30 De- 
 grees of South Latitude. 
 
 ^mll The Soil of moft of em it wonderfully fertile. In the Ifland 
 Canana they have commonly two Harvefts in the Year. Teneri^e is 
 noted not only for its high Pike fof which afterwards) but alfg nnany 
 Laurel and Dragon-Trees, where the fweet Singing birds do daily 
 warble their pleafant Notes. Thefe Iflands rbeftdes their great plen- 
 ty of Fruits and Grain) are famous for producing the beft Wine in the 
 World. The Length of the Days and Nights in cl>em, is the fame as 
 
Part tt itAfrican Iflands. f 
 
 in BiUul^erid on the Continent, they both lying under the fame Pa- 
 rallels of Latitude. 
 
 ^rOmnitsDitiCi'."] The chief Commodifks of thefe Iflands, are 
 "Wine, Honey, \Vax, Sugar, Oad, Plantons, Dragons- Blood, Cana* 
 fy-Birdsj ^c, 
 
 Bantie.s^*] Among the Rarities of thefe Iflands, is reckon'd a cer- 
 tain Tree in the middle of Fero (term'd Qaroe by the Natives ; and 
 by the Spaniards^ Santo) whofe Top is faid to be encompafs'd every 
 Night with a thick mifty Cloud, which condenfing into Water, doth 
 drop fiom the Leaves the next Morning, and that in fuch Quantit/j 
 as fnfficiently ferves all the Inhabitants, the Ifland it felf being de* 
 ftitute of Springs. As for the Ifle of Teneriffct 'tis famous all the 
 World over, for its prodigiour Pike, which (appearing to the Eye 
 as a large Mafs of many Rocks promifcuoufly heap'd up, in form of 
 a rugged Pyramid j is thought by fome curious Naturalifts, to have 
 been rais'd on a fiT^dCn by a mighty Conflagration ofiinuch fubter- 
 raneous, fulphoro us Matter, whofe forcible Eruption the very Rocks 
 themfelves could not withftand,' but were thereby pil'd up in the 
 iTianner they now appear. For ftrengthning of this Conjefturc, they 
 alledge the great Quantity of Sulphur with which this Ifland doth 
 ftill abound ("efpecially nigh the Foot of the PikeJ and the Colour of 
 the Rocks themfelves, mapy of 'em feeming to Speftators, as if long 
 burnt In a Fire. , 
 
 3l!rcPi|1bopgicft.^, &c.] In thefe Iflands is only one Bljkoprlckf 
 that ot Camria. 
 
 J!lginnner.^.l The inhabitant* of thefe Iflands being moftly Spam- 
 Ardj, are much the fame in Manners with thofe on the Continent. 
 The few Natives yet remaining ( term'd Guanchas) do moftly redde 
 ju Mountains, De;is, and Caves. 
 
 UattSUfliJf .] The Spaniards here refiding do ftill retain their own 
 
 J^auguage. 
 
 C>Otrecnmtnt] Thefe Iflands belong to the King of Spain^ who 
 for the better ordering of Affairs in them, doth aKvaya keep a Go- 
 vernor in Canariay the chief Town of the chief Ifland. His Power 
 cxtendeth over all thefe Iflands in Affairs both Civil and Eccle- 
 fiaftical. 
 
 Ulellgion.] The Inhabitants of thefe Iflands (as aforefaid) being 
 moftly Spaniards, are of the fame Religion with thofe in Spain. 
 
 A a 3, § 4, 
 
J40 
 
 ^African IJlands, 
 
 Part II. 
 
 § 4. Madera or Maderds, 
 
 ^amCO'T^ his Ifland (not obfervable of old) is term'd by the 
 X ItalUvs and Spamardsy Madera ; by the Fr&riclr, Madre ; 
 by the Germans^ Maderen \ and, by the ETtgVJl}^ Madera or Madera s \ 
 fo call'd -by the Torti^gueze at their fiift Difcovery of it, At.no 1429. 
 becaufe wholly overgrown with Trees ; the Woid Madera ligiiifying 
 3 Wood. 
 
 3[ir.] The Air of Maderas being very temperate, confidcring the 
 Latirude of the Ifland, is generally efteetn'd very healthful to breathe 
 in. . That PJace of the Globe oppofite to Madera, is part of the vaft 
 Qccidentai Ocean, between 163 and 164 Degrees of Longitude, with 
 32 and 33 Degrees of Southern Latitude. 
 
 . J^Cil] The So}lo§ this Ifland is very fertile, producing in great 
 plenty nfioftiorts of excellent Fruits, and a kind of Wine that's much 
 efteem'd of, being fit to keep for a long time both by Sea and Land. 
 The Length of the Days and Nights in rhis Ifland, is much the fame 
 as in Zaara on the main Continent, they both lying under the fame 
 Parallels of Latitude. 
 
 vCommoDftietJ.] The chief Commodities of this Ifland are excel- 
 lent Wine, and moft forts cf defaabk Fruits^ as alfo Honey and 
 Wax, Sr. 
 
 Jlacitiei^.] what moftly defcrvGS the Epithet of Rare on this 
 Ifland, is that excellent Quality, either of its A, r ox Soil y or both, 
 which, like our Neighbouring Ifland [Ireland^ proves mortal to all 
 venomous Aiiimals ; none fuch being found here, or able to live, if 
 brought hither from abroad. In the Ode of a Hill, nigh Fonzal, ia a 
 remarkable Fountain, whofe Waters do fometimes ifiue forth in fuch 
 abundance, that the adjacent Parts of the Ifland are t^en fubje£t to a 
 terrible Inundation. 
 
 5£rcljtlif{)0p2icft.^, &c.] Archhijkopricks, none. One Bljhoprick, viz. 
 l^\zt of Fonza/ or FoHchale^ which is SafFragan to L/;^ow. . 
 
 ' ^tlXiUtt^,] The Inhabitants of this Ifland hping Portugtiezey are 
 niuch the fame in Mavners with thofe on the Conrincnt, but mors 
 vitioufly inclin'd (if that can be well fuppos'd j being mighty Profi- 
 cienrs in their common Crimes of Theft and Murder. 
 
Part ir. 
 
 <i/ifr'ican IJlands, 
 
 ?4i 
 
 fCanjJuage.] The Tortuguezehtxo. refiding do Hill retain their own 
 "Language, 
 
 €^atternment.] Thi* rfland beloi^lng to the Crown of Portugaly is 
 rul'd by a particular Deputy, ^vhofe PJace of Refidence is commonly 
 at Fonzal. 
 
 iSeligiOnO The inhabitants of this Ifland being Forl-uguezt, as 
 aforefaid, are of the fame /?(f/<^i(j» with that publickly prcfefs'd in the 
 Kingdom of Portugal, , , 
 
 Having thus confid^r'd^ in particular, the mof^ remarkable of the 
 African IJlands ; proceed we now (in-purfuance of our propos'4 Method) 
 to take a general View of all the reft, or thofe that are lefs rhiarkable. 
 Now fuch Iflands (to be very brief) being ftrangely fcatter'd up and 
 down the JEthiopkk and Atlantlck Oceans, do mightily differ in theit, 
 Air and 5o/7, according to the various Climates they lie in ; and in 
 Hone of *em is any remarkable Place, except only the Ifle of Zocotora ; 
 in which is a Town of the fame Name. As for the chief Obfervables 
 relating to their Inhabitants [particularly ih^'xt Manners, Language^ 
 and Religion'] we mayfufficiently learn the fame, only by naming thofe 
 feveral States or Sovereigns on the Continent, to vvhofti thefe iflands 
 belong (they being generally peopled and polTefs'd by fome of them). 
 Their prefent Pofleffors then, . in Ihort, - are as folio weth : 
 
 'Zocotora — — ^ > the Arabians. 
 
 L the Natives. 
 
 able Iflands / The Princes Ifland > — jT Sthe Portugueze, 
 
 being \ Anmbon . ^ ^/^^^ Portugueze. 
 
 \ ifcenjion Ifland, not inhabited. 
 
 And fo much for Africa and the African IJlands, Now fpHoweth, 
 
 A a J CHAP. 
 
J4« 
 
 Part IL 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 0/ A M E R I C A. 
 
 1^ 
 
 £ 
 
 m 
 
 > 
 
 ^ L €ma af ctica 
 
 cerra jftma 
 
 j&eifw — — 
 
 Landofthel^imaiOnS 
 
 ^lafil — 
 
 Cl^flt—^ 
 
 ^Mexico. 
 S.Feff, 
 Coca, 
 "Boflon. 
 
 5. FeedeBagota. 
 
 4J 
 
 #ai;asttat 
 
 <revra!9l@agellanica 
 •^erra antatJcttca 
 
 5, SalvadoTo 
 S. Jago, 
 
 To thefe add the ^American Jflands, 
 Of all which in Order. Therefore, 
 
 S E C T- 
 
part ih 
 
 343 
 
 S E C T. L 
 
 Concerning SlJe^feO, or JSett ^pattt- 
 
 d. 
 
 295 
 
 00 
 60 
 60 
 00 
 
 } 
 
 of Lon, 
 of Lar. 
 
 Divided into 
 
 Audienceof Guadalajara 
 
 Audience of Mexico 
 
 Audience of Guatalama - 
 
 Length from S. Etc N.W.- 
 is about 24.00 Miles. 
 
 Breadth from E. to W. is 
 about 480 Miles. 
 
 ; NAV. 
 
 i to 
 
 5". ^ago de Gaat J S. E. 
 
 Guadalajara 
 comprehends 
 the Provinces 
 of 
 
 Mexicocompte 
 
 Cinajoa ^ 
 
 tfe<Uf Bifcay- 
 \Zazaticas — 
 .Guadalajara 
 'ChiameltatJ-- 
 Xalifco — 
 
 C^anuco 
 Mexico — — 
 Mechoaehan - 
 
 hendsthe Pro- i Los Arigelos 
 
 vinces of ] Antequera — 
 
 • 'Tabafco 
 
 ^ucatan • 
 
 f Seco Nufco, — 
 Guatalama— 
 Nicaragua ~ 
 
 , - , Cojla Rica — 
 
 the Provinces j Veragua 
 
 j Hondurai — 
 / Vera Pax — - 
 ^ Ctiapa ' — — , 
 
 Guatatdma 
 copiprehends / 
 
 St. Juan <■ ■) 
 
 Barbara — (ixi the Midland 
 Zacatecas — C from N. to $. 
 Idem- ■■■^ 
 
 St.Sebajiian— 7 On the Sea Coafi 
 Cornpofiella-—^ ftora N. to S. 
 
 Guevefland — ' 
 S.fagode Guat 
 t,eo)i - ' • - — - 
 Carthago — — 
 
 Conception 
 
 NewVdlLxMii 
 Idem 
 
 ^Cividad Rii*J 
 
 On Sinus Mexl- 
 canUs from 
 W. toS.E. 
 
 From N. W. to 
 S. E. to the 
 So\ath Sea. 
 
 - > N. 
 
 From S. E. to 
 \V. upon 
 
New S^ain* 
 
 Part II. 
 
 |5am^]'~pHIS Country CdiTcover'd at firft by John Grliahe, but 
 X moreexaSlyvkw'd, apdatlaftconquer'd by the valiant 
 FerdinandoCertez^ Anno 1518.; is bounded'on the Eaft by the Gulf of 
 li^exico ; on the Weft by MaredelZur ; on the North by Nova Granada ; 
 and on the South hy "terra-frma. It is term'd by the Italians^ Spagna 
 NcveiU ; .by the Spfniards^ Nu^va. E/pana -, by the French, Nouvelle 
 Efpagne ; by the Germans, Neu Spanien ; and by the Engl/jh, Mexico, 
 or New Spfiin ; call'd Mexico, from the chief City thereof; and New 
 Spain, to diftinguifh it from the Kingdom of SpaUxn Europe. 
 
 3£lC.] Notwithftanding this Country ('for the moll part) lieth ■witKin 
 the lofyid Zonf, yet the y^i>- is very teirpera^c, and generally reckoo'd 
 extraordinary wholfome to breathe in, being qualify U, with rcftefliing 
 Showers in the hottcft Month, and cold Breezes frorh the Sea ail the 
 . ¥ear. The oppofite Pla? e of the Globe to Ne^f Sp/ti?], is part of the 
 Ea^ India Ocean, lying between 75 and 115 Degrees of ^.ongitude, 
 with ij^and 32 Degrees of South Latitiide. 
 
 .^Oil.] This Country (lying in the 5d apd 4th North Climate) is 
 bleft with a very fertile Soil^ producing many forts of Grain, as Wheqt, 
 Barley, Pulfe, and Maiz-e ; feveral kinds of Fruits,, as Pomegranates, 
 Oranges, Limons, Citrons, Malicatons, Cherries, Pears Apples, Figs, 
 Cocoa Nuts ; and great plenty of Herbs, Plants, and Roots. Here alfo 
 are fome rich Mines of Gold and Silver ; and vaft and- fpacious Plains, 
 affording the beft of Pafturage. The longeftDayin the Northmoft part 
 of this Country, is about. 1 3 Hours and three quarters i the fhorteft in 
 the Southmoft 12 and an half, and the Nights proportionably. 
 
 ^OmmoDl'tiC^i.] The chid Commodities of this Country, are Woolly 
 Cotton, Sugar, Silk, Coch^neel, Feathers, Honey, Balm, An\ber, Salt' 
 Tallow, Hides, Tobacco, Ginger, and divers ipedicinal Drugs. 
 
 l^atitfCjS,] About three Leagues from Guayaca is the Stump of a 
 hollow Tree (call'd T/^co C^rtCoy^iij which was of a. prodigious Big- 
 ^efs\vhen ifitire, being then reckon"d 16 Fathoms in com pafs near the 
 Root, and fomewhat higher \z. Before 'twas Th'under-ftruck (which 
 occafion'd the Holl^wnefs) no fewer than a thoufand Men, 'tis faid, 
 could conveniently Ihelter themfeives from Rain, under its wide ex- 
 pended Boughs, {z.) In feveral Parrs gf this Country, grows a cf?- 
 laiii Tree (call'd Maguey) which may be (aid to yield Water, Oil, 
 Wine, H(pney, and Vinegar. For ^he Body of the Jree being big and 
 hollow, contains a good <^janCity of Liquor, as limpid as the beft 
 Fountain- Water, and the Surface thereof is cover'd with a pure Oily 
 ?subftance. This Liquor being a little boil'd, taftes like a good pa- 
 
 , - latable 
 
Part II. New S{Mft, 345 
 
 latable Vfine \ if much boil'd it's e?xtremely fweet, and if long kept 
 [unboil'd] no Vinegar is fowrer. f ^.) In the Audience of Guatalama 
 are feveral remarkable Vokano'r, particularly that near Rea-Lep^ 
 •yvhich towers up like a Sugar-loaf to a great height, and always 
 fmokes. As alfo the burning Mountain of Lecw, Weft of the Lake 
 Nicaragua, which frequently evacuates Fire as well as Smoke. /4.) 
 Nigh to Guatulco, on the Weftern Coaft, a great hollow Rock 
 (caU'd by the Span'iard,Buffadore) which having a large Hole in its top, 
 makes a hideous Noife at every Surge of the Sea, and fpouts up Water 
 (as a Whale) to a prodigious Height. In fome Parts of this Country 
 are feveral Springs oi W^ter, fo impregnated with certain Minerals, 
 the Current ifluing from them is of fodarkifli a Colour, that it refem- 
 bles a Stream of Ink. ( 5.) Remarkable is the Lake of Mexico for fe- 
 veral Particulars: as, Firfi, Its having two forts of Water, viz,Frejh and 
 Salt. 5ec<)w^//y, That the Frefh is ufually Calm, and aboundeth with 
 Fifhes; whereas the Salt is, fpr the moftpart, boifterous, and breedeth 
 none. 'Thirdly, In the middle of this Lake is a pleafant Rock, out of 
 which doth ilTTue a confiderable Stream of hot Water, much eftcem'd 
 of for feveral Diftempers. LaJlly^Upon this Lake arc feveral delightful 
 artificial Gardens, well ftock'd with variety of Herbs and Flowers, and 
 moveable from one Place to another, being fupported by large Floats 
 of Timber. V'd. J. Acofta'j Natural apd Moral Hijlory of the Indies.- 
 
 "3ilrt&tJill)0P^it1i.^«] Here is one Span'tjh Jrchhipoprickt viz, that of 
 Mexico, 
 
 ^iffjopjicli.^.] Spanijlj Bijh^prich erefl;ed here, are thefe of, 
 
 Merida, Ckiapa, St. jFago de los CavalJevas^ 
 
 Mechoacha^ Honduras y heon in Nicaragua , 
 
 Guaxaca, Vera pax, Antequara, 
 
 Guadalajara^ Puebh de los Angeh;, 
 
 UnibcriltiesS.] 
 
 ^iliianncCjS.] The Natives of this Country, are now e^em^da Peo- 
 ple very civil and docile, and extraordinary faithful to thofe they 
 love. Some of 'em are wonderfully ingenious, efpecially in Paint- 
 ing, and making moft lively Figures with various coloured Feathers 
 of certain little Birds call'd Cirms- Others are faid to play incom- 
 parably well upon divers Mufical Inftrumcnts. In fliort, the Gene 
 rality of this People is fo civiliz'd, that they live after the manner of 
 the Spaniards, fave a few, commonly rcfiding in the Mountains, 
 who continue as wild and favage as ever. The Spaniards here re- 
 fiding, are much the fame with thofe in Spaitu 
 
 Eanguajje.] 
 
New Sj^OiM, 
 
 Part il. 
 
 EangUagt.] The prevailing Languap^e in this Country, is the Spa- 
 mjhy it beinp^ not only in life among the Spaniards^ but 4lf6 the Na- 
 tives themfelves, who generally underftand and fpeak the fame. The 
 various Dialers of their ancient Jaypn do daily decreafe, and in a 
 few Generations will be extinguifh'd. 
 
 45ofeernmtnt.] Thi$ large and pleafant Country was of old fiibj^ft 
 unto, and rul'd by its own Sovereign Princes, calPd Kings of Mexico^ 
 and had continued (according to probable Conjeftures; a mighty and 
 flourifliing Monarchy for feveral Ages, before 'twas invaded by 5^*^- 
 piards : But being fully conquer'd by them with only a handful of 
 Men, Anm 1^11. under the vtAiznt Ferdinando Cortezy it hath ev^r 
 (ince remain'd fubjeft to the Crown of .S^dfiw, being govern'd by a 
 Vice-Boy commonly refiding at MextcOy and to hifti is intrufted the 
 Overfight of the Governors of the various Provinces belonging to his 
 Catholick Majcfty in North America. 
 
 ifieligion.] The inhabitants of this Country are partly Chrljliftn, 
 partly. Bagany and, as 'twere, a Mixture of the two. The Spaniards 
 are rigid Papifts, according to the ftriQ- Profeffion of Popery in their 
 own Country. Of the Natiyes, many do ftill retain their Heathenifli 
 Worfhip, and indeed Multitudes are converted to Chriftianity, ac- 
 cording to the Doarine of the Chmch o£ Rome but rbyourhrell 
 Accounts; they're hardly perfuaded as yet of the Truth of thofe 
 DoSrines taught cheai. 
 
 SECT. 
 
Fart IL 347 
 S E C T. n. 
 
 ; Concerning fim Q^mcQ or jijota (iBf^anaD»; 
 
 Thi? Counrry is of no certain Extent nor Djvifion ; its chief Toyn^ 
 is St. Fee, or New Mexico, upon ih^ River Nort. 
 
 JS^rtlt.inpHis Country fdifcover'd by the Spaniards ^ Aanoi^i^cK 
 1 ^nd bounded on the Eaft by Vlor'id* \ on the Weft by 
 part of California ; on the North by Terra Jrgfica ; and on the South 
 by Mexico or New Spain) is term'd by the Italianif Granada NoutUa ; 
 by the Spaniards, Nneva Granada ; by the F/encb, NopteUe Granada » 
 by th^ Getmans, Neu Granada ; and by the iS^w^/z/I^, New Mexico oc 
 Nou-t: Gra.nada. It was cafl'd Mexico^ after the Empire of that Name, 
 defcrib'd in the foregoing ^Sion ^ and the Epithet Niteva (or New) 
 v.as added by the Spaniards^ to diftinguifh it from the faid Empire^ 
 its Difcovery being pofterior to that of Mexico. The Title of Ifavet 
 Granada was alfo given it by the Spaniards ^ and that from a Province 
 of ^he fame Name in their own Country. 
 
 ^ir.] The yf/> of this Country (accordingxo the Climate) isaban* 
 dantly temperate,, and generally efteem'd very wholefome to breathe 
 in, but attended with the great Inconveniency of frequent Hurricanes, 
 befides Thunder and Lightning. The oppofite Place of the Globs 
 to Nova Granada^ is that part of the Ethtopick Ocean, lying between 
 65 and 79 Degrees of Longitude, with 27 and 40 Degrees of South 
 Latitude.' ' 
 
 ;t>Otl,] This Country is but badly known, and the ^bi/ of thofe 
 Parts already difcover'd, very ordinary ; being generally a dry, fandy, 
 barren Ground, far inferior to moft other Countries in America, he- 
 longing to the 5/'<»w/<r»'^/^. Its Bounds being undetermined (efpecially 
 in the Northmoft PartsJ we can fay nothing of the true Extent of it$ 
 Days and Nights. 
 
 4IommoMtiC.^>.] This Country being none of the beft, and but; 
 rarely frequented by Strangers, its Commoditiej itc vety few, Cattle 
 beiog the chief or only thing they trade in. 
 
 lBiarjti0S^.] Whatthingsin NovaGranadado truly meritthe Epithets 
 of Rare and CuriouSy we muft refer to the bptter Difcovery of After- 
 Ages, our Knowledge of this Country being as yet but very flender. 
 
Granada, 
 
 Part II. 
 
 none. 
 
 |Sl<lhttCr,^.3 The InHabitants of this Country ^except thofe call'd 
 Fanchef'i in the Souchmoft Pitts) are faid to be of a much lels favage 
 Te«tper, than moA of the wild Americans. They are much given to 
 Htififing, and feveral of 'em underftand Agriculture tolerably well. 
 
 %.anyuagcj The Spaniards here refiding, do commonly ufe the 
 Spanijh Tongue. As for the Nativ.es of this Country, they retain their 
 6^n JargoT7y of which we can give no Account. 
 
 '■ ^^OtlCCnm^nt.] The New Mexicam are flill govern'd by certain 
 Captains of their own, czW A Caciques-^ hxiiA^^ Spaniards refi- 
 ning, and thofe of the civilized Natives, are rui*d by a particular Go- 
 ye^nor, fent thither by the King of J/j^/V, whofe Place of Refidence 
 isorfinarily at Santa Fee, upon the Rive? Nori. 
 
 ITeIi0!On.] The Natives of this Country are generally grofs Idola- 
 ters,, and many of 'em have little or no Sign of Religion at all. The 
 .^^w4»-</f here refiding, are the fame in Religion with thofe in 
 
 SEC T, 
 
Part II. 
 
 3^9 
 
 SECT. III. 
 Concerning flO^t'M. 
 
 d. 
 
 -S Uetv^een 5 1^ °^\of Lon. ? i ^HT? m ^' " 
 t; J f 260 00 J V J bout loooMiks. 
 
 'between! °??of La.X fcTMHer 
 
 The large Country of Florida being of no certain Divifions, its 
 4 Coeaj in the main Land. 
 Chief Towns are< S. Anguftine^ 1 • ^ n • r , crr f 
 
 J^ame.l T^HIs Country (firft difcover'd by Sebaftian Cahoty Anm 
 X ^4?7' but more particularly afterward by J^b^n De/»o«yj 
 a Spaniardy who cook PofTeiiion thereof in the Name of hisCatholick 
 Majcfty, Aijfjo 152.7O is bounded on theEaft by the main Ocean ; on 
 ,the Weft by New Me ; on the North by Carolina , and part by lerra - 
 ArEiica ; and on the South by Smus Mexicanus. It is ferm'd by the 
 Italians and Spaniardsy Florida ; by the French, Floride ; by the Ger { 
 mans and Englip, Florida ; fo call'd by the Spaniardy either bepaafe| 
 they arriv'd at it on Palm Sunday ( which they term Pa/cha Florida) 
 or becaufe they found the Country full of Flowers at their Arrival. 
 
 ! ^ic] The of this Country is faid to be fo extraordinary tempe- , 
 rate, that (according to our la teft Accounts^ the Inhabitants live to 
 ia great Age. The oppofite Place of the Globe to Flortd-iy is that part 
 of the Ea(l Indian Ocean, lying between 77 and 100 Degrees of Lon« » 
 gitude, with 25 and 38 Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 [ il>Oif.] The Soil of this Country (it lying in the jthand 6t\\ North 
 Climate^ is wonderfully fertile, abounding in moft forts of Grain, 
 Herbs, and Fruit. It's alio well ftor'd with Venifon and fowl ; en- 
 rich'd with confiderable Mines of Gold and Silver, efpecially thofe 
 of the Jppalachine Mountains ; and here they fifh vaft numbers of 
 Valuable Pearls. The iongeft Day in the Nurthmoit Part of this ' 
 Country, is about 14 Hpurs and a quarter^ the ftiortefl in the South- : 
 muft, is 9 Hours ; and the Nights proportior.ably. 
 
 j ComitlODl'tie.i'.] This Country being flenderly known in the in- 
 land farts, and even thofe next the Sea, bui Imle frequ.nted by 
 
 Straa- 
 
. FlorUa. PWlL 
 
 Strangers, its Commodities zxq very few, yet very coftly, viz.. Gold, 
 Silver, Pearls, and Furs. 
 
 HantfesS.] in thefe Parts of F/or/W^;, grows a certain Tree, about the 
 Bignefs of an ordinary Apple Tree, the Juice of whofe Fruit the Na- 
 tives ufe to fqueeze out, and therewith anoint their Arrows, being a 
 rank fort of Poyfon. If there be no Fruit, thenthey break ofFa Branch, 
 and out of it do prefs a milky Subftance, equally poifonous with the 
 Juice of the Fruit. So ftrong a Poifon is this Tree, that if a few hand- 
 folsofits Leaves are bruifed and thrown into a large Pond of Standing- 
 Water, all forts ot Beafts that happen to come and drink thereof, do 
 fuddenly fwell and burft afunder^ Purchns his Tllg^rimsy p ir. 4. llh. S. 
 cap. I. In Bahama (an iHaiid near Cape Florida) is the famous Bnhtma ' 
 Spider^ the biggeft of all theSpccies, being two Inches long, and defer- 
 vedly tetni'd Phalangium maximum Indkumrht hath 6 Eyes, and thofe 
 not fo big as the fmalleft Pin's Head. Some of thefe remarkable InfeSs 
 are to be feen in the publick Muf^um ot'Grepam College, London* 
 
 3fiW!|tJi(K)Op2iCfij^, &c,] An-Uipopmhy BiJJjopricks, TJtTher/iies, none. 
 
 matinCt^.D The NoridlMS are naturally white, but by anointing 
 themfelves (both Men and Women) with a certain Ointment,they ftill^ 
 appearof an Olive Colour. They are tall of Stature, well proportion'd. 
 Lovers of War,and ordinarily go quite naked, except a fmall piece of^ 
 Peet'skin, which many wear about their Middle. 
 
 5l«nguajje.l The L anguageoi the Natives doth very much difFey'l 
 in Dialeft, according to the different Parts of this Country. The few 
 Spaniards here refiding, do ftill retain the Spanijh. 
 
 <©Obetnment.] The Natives of this Country are fubjeft to feveral ; 
 lords of their own (term*d Patouftes or Cac/tfues) one of whom is faid ' 
 to have the Precedency, and is generally refpeiied by the reft, as an J 
 Emperor. The Spam]}} Colonies on the Sea-Goafts, have their pecu- 
 liar Governors appointed by his Gatholick Majel^y. \ 
 
 3lltmsJ.3 ' 
 
 fleligion.] The Nuives of this Country are grofs Idolaters, wor- 
 fhippingthe whole Hoil of Heaven, efppcially the Sun, to whom the/ 
 attribute the good Fortune of all their Viftories and return him Thanksr 
 accordingly. They mightily refpeS their Priefls (who are generally' 
 Sorcerers) and call them by the Name ofyoanas, and in fome Places 
 ^aiva's. Several Miffionaries were fent into this Country in the Days 
 olCharles V. but the f^vage Inhabitants quickly deftroy'd theiti. 
 
 SECT* 
 
Pirt IL 
 
 SECT. IV. 
 
 Concerning certfa Canauenftsf. 
 
 *^ Ct>et\veen 
 
 /between < |^ 
 
 It being divided into 
 
 ^ofLon./ J; 
 of Lat 
 
 North 
 
 South 
 
 'Northcovn-J o . J r r 
 
 , J < iVoi;^ Britanmca -"<•— 
 prebends ) t- 
 
 com- 
 prehends' 
 
 The English Territ* viz., 
 y\ New England • — 
 I y New Tark — ■■ — 
 
 V Penjlhanii 
 J Maryland 
 
 ivi 
 
 ^ V Penjthan'ra 
 darylat 
 'irginia- 
 \^ Carolina" 
 
 Breadth from E. to W» is a* 
 
 bout iioo Miles. 
 Length from S. to N. is a- 
 
 boiu 1800 Miles, 
 
 the River Canada, 
 
 a 
 O 
 
 £«;A..i-~-V,FromN. to 
 Port Royal- 
 
 .Bofion-^ 
 r Idem 
 
 •eth / 
 
 bu*'gb-\ I 
 
 Ellzahe 
 
 ElJingbu*'gb-\ FromN.Ea 
 Philadelphia- f" to S. W« 
 Baltimore — V 
 James 1'o'wn \ 
 [Charht Toivn 
 
 TErra Canadenjis (To called from the Kivet Canada) being a vaf! 
 complex Body, confifting of feveral large and confiderabie 
 Countries, and particularly thofe in which the Nation is 
 
 chiefly concerned j we {hall diftinftly confider its various Divifion 
 I (efpgtially thofe of the Englijh Empire) and that in the fame Ofdey 
 I la^ down in the. foregoing Table, Therefore, 
 
' Terra Canddenfis^ 
 § I . T^ra Canadenfis frofria» 
 
 Part U. 
 
 THis Coirtiti'y being the Northmoft of all the reft, iS efteem'd 
 none of the beft. But being fo flenderly known as yet^ we 
 pafs on to 
 
 § 2. Nova 'Britamica* 
 
 WHich Country is likewife of a very ordinary Soil, by what 
 we find, and almoft as thinly inhabited and little frequented 
 as the former. "We fliail thsiefore make no ftay therein, but pro- 
 ceed to 
 
 § 5. Nova Francia. 
 
 THis Coantry is reckon 'd to be much colder than moft others in 
 the fame Latitude ^ however, 'tis ("aid to be blefs'd with a Soil 
 abundantly fruitful; and is dhiefly furnilh'd wirb Stags, Bears, Hares, 
 Majtins, Foxes, Conies, and gieat ftore of Filh and F!e(h. The French 
 here refidiag (about Six Thoufand in Number) do commonly trade in 
 Bever, Moufe-Skins, and furs. This being all that is remarkable of 
 itj we continue our Progtels to the next Divifion, viz, 
 
 § 4. Nova Scotia. : 
 
 \]f jHich Country (tiirft difcovcr'd by Sehajiian Cnhot^ at the 
 VV Charge oi Hemy the Seventh) Was once inhabited by a Scotch 
 Colony, fentover Anno 162a. by Sir WtlUnm Alexander [then Lord 
 Secretary of Scotland] to whom Kihgjamesy by Letters Patents, made 
 a Donation thereof ; but that Colony failing, the French became 
 Matters of the Country, and fettled themfcives therein, calling it by 
 the Name of Accadie, 
 
 But leaving thefe Northern Parts of 'Terr'a Canadenjts, as Countries 
 little known, and of lels Note unto us ; proceed we ta that which 
 more nearly concerns us, viz. A peculiar View of the various Parts of 
 the JVe/iern Englip Empire ; and that according to their Order, as they 
 li^ in the foregoing Table. The firft" whereof is 
 
 § 5. New- 
 
Part IL Terra Canadenps, 
 
 ^ 5. New-England, 
 
 |$ame.] TpHis Country, difcover'd firft by the EnglipJt Mhiet the 
 X. Cdndu£iof thctwoC<i^d</, Anndi^^i. and afterwards 
 taken Poffeflxon of for Q^tizabeth by Sir thilip Amadasy Anno 1 5 58. 
 bounded on the Eaft by part of the main Ocean ; on the Weft by fome 
 o'ttewa ArBica ; on the North by Jccadie or Nova Scotia ; and on the 
 South by Neiv Tork. It is tertn'd by the Italians, Inghilterra Nouella J 
 by the Spaniards ^ Nueva Inglaterra ; by the French^ Nouvelle Angleterrr, 
 by the Germansy Neu Engeland ; a/id by \he£nglip}, New-England; fo 
 call'd by the Dlfcoverets, after the Name of their Own Country. 
 
 3CiC.] Notwithftanding this Country is of a Situation confiderabl^ 
 inore Southern than Old England, yet the Air of both is much the 
 fame ; the Heat thereof being allay 'd by cooling Breezes, which fre- 
 quently happen. The oppofitc Place of the Globe to Neiv Englandi 
 is that part of the vzR Atlantick Ocean, lying between 107 and 11^ 
 t>egrees df Longitude, with 41 and 45 Degtees of South Latitude. ; 
 
 iSoil.] The Soil of this Country is in moft Parts very fertile, ptodti^ 
 cing in great plenty moft forts of Engl/p Grain, Fruits, and Rpots, be^ 
 Mes Indian Corn. It's very well ftock'd with Fifh and Fowl, as all© 
 varietyof tame and wild Beatts. In fhort, 'tis notonly furni{h'd witii 
 the Neceflaries, but likewife many of the Comforts of human Life j 
 and the Colony Cnow upwards of an Hundred Thoufand) doth flourifH 
 daily more and more. The Length of the Days and Nights in Nciv 
 England, is much the fame as in the Northern Provinces of Spain, 
 they both lying under the fame Parallels of Latitude. 
 
 CommoDittei^.] The chief Comrhodities of this Country, are tifc 
 Grain, Mafts for Ships, Deal-boards, Ifon, Tar, Bcver, Moufe-Skin^, 
 Furs, &c. And 'tisobfer vableofthofein 2Vew £«^/rf»</, that theyhavE 
 annually, for fome Years, imported and exported to aiid from Old Eng- 
 land, as many Commodities in Value as they carry 'd out at firft. . 
 
 iRacitfg.Si.] In feveral Parts of Neiv England gro-ws a certain Friiir, 
 term'd, 'The Butter Nut, fo call'd from the Nature of its Kernel, which 
 yields a kind of fweet Oil, fhathaththe exaftTafte of ordinary Batter. 
 (2.) In Bakei''s Cave, about 50 Leagues Eaft ftom Bofion, is found the 
 Scarlet Mujfel, whcfe purple Vein being prickt with aNeedle,yields a 
 Juice of a pure purple Colour, which give* fo deep a Die, that no 
 Water is able to waih it out. ( 3.) About eighty Miles North-Eaft ot 
 $carbor<)<Wf is^ Ridge of Mountains in length about an hundred Leagues, 
 
 B b and 
 
Terra Cana^enfis.. Pa it II. ' 
 
 and known Gommonly by the Name of the White Mountains, bjcaufe 
 their Tops are cover'd with Snow all the Year round. Upcn the ■ 
 hiaheft of thefe Mountains is a large Plain, and at the fartheftend ot ^ 
 it a natural rocky Pyramid ("vulgarly call'd 'The Sugar-Loaf) to the . 
 uppermcft part of which' one may eafily afcend by a continued Set ot j 
 inartificial Steps, winding about the rocky Mount, uppo its very Top, | 
 V^bere is another Plain of about an Acre of Ground, and in the middle 
 of it a deep Pondof clear Water. (^) Upon the Sea-fide, near Ni;wr, ; 
 Ilai/en is a large Bed of Sand of a perfed black Colour, with many 
 Grains of red and white interrarx'd. (-5.; Upon the Coafl of New- 
 England h fometimes taken that remarkable Fifh, which the bngUm 
 Inhabitants call by the Name of ^be Monk F/|?;, becaufe he bath, a» 
 'twere a Hood much of the fame Fafhion with a Friar's Cowl. C6.; ,j 
 In divers Parts on the Coaft of thisCountry,is found the Stella Manna 
 Arhorefcens, ot Branched St ar-Fiflj ; a rare kind of which, taken wi the 
 Bay of Mamhi^/et, is to be feen in Grepam College, and defcrib d in . 
 the Philop'TranfaB. U^. 5^ underthe NimeetPi/cis EchionoJlellanM 
 Vifciformh. ( 7;) Of manf rare Birds in New England^ the moft rer | 
 markable are the 'irocuUs, and that call'd the Humming Bird The, 
 former of thefe (being about the bignefs of a Swallow; is obfervable 
 for Three Things ; Fir/?, Havingvery fhortLegs, and hardly able to 
 fitpporthimfelf, Nature hath provided him with fliarp-poinced Fea- 
 ther in his Wings i by darting of which into the Wall of a Houfe, 
 he fticks fafts, and refts fecurely. Secondly, The Manner of his Neft^ 
 which he ufeth to build /as Swallows) in the Tops of Chimneys, but 
 of fuch a Fafhion, that it hangs down about a Yard loog. l^afily, 
 Such Birdsate remarkable for their Ceremony at departing ; it being 
 always obferv'd, that when they remove, they never fail to leave 
 one of their Young behind in the Room where they have netted, 
 making thereby (as 'twere; a grateful Acknowledgment to the Land- 
 lord for their Summer s Lodging. As for tht Humming Bir d, he i| 
 obfervable for being the leaft of all Birds. The manner of his Ncf 
 rcfemblcs a Bottom of foft Silk, and the Egg in which he s hatch d 
 is not larger than a white Pea of an ordinary Size But offaimdfe 
 v^here. For thefe and fome other fuch Remarkables, vide tlhat fmal 
 treatife, cntituled, New England's Rarities , perf.M^^y^* 'Gent. J 
 
 5EcchlJia)0»?icfe!S, &c.] Jnhbijl^oprich znd Bijhopricks, nome. Arfd 
 TT^t'S here a'; Two Colleges ereaed at Nera^ CMgre wh J 
 in Coniunaion withother fuch Nurferies of Learning, hereaifter eltj 
 blifli'd, may, we hope, dcferve that Title in procefs of Tiime. ' 
 
 Mannec^;] The here rending, are much the faiine w^ 
 
 rhofe in OldEngland. Asto the Natives, they are generally -chara^ 
 *i2cd thus, A People that'* crafty, timorous, « alfo baubaroufi 
 
'artIL Terra Canadenfis. 355 
 
 jruel and revengeful when they find Opportunity. But (bme of 'ent 
 ire of a much midler Temper, being likewife very ingenious and 
 juickof Apprehenfion. Their Number (efpecially within the English 
 Territories) is mightily diminifh'd, the grcatcft part of 'em being 
 fwcpt away by the Small Pox, about the firft Settlement of the 
 tifl) ; others by Tumults among themfelvcs, and moft of the fed by 
 the late treacherous Wars with the Englip, 
 
 ■ ItanguajJC.] The EngUp Inhabitants of this Country ufc their own 
 Language. As to that of the Natives, it's divided into a great many 
 Dialeiis, and reckon 'd very difficult to belearn'd by Strangers ; the 
 Generality of its Words being extremely long, and of an inarticulate 
 Pronunciation. 
 
 OSObcrnment.] The Natives of thJI Country are divided into ma- 
 ny Bodies, and are fubjeft unto their 5'<?r^^«zx and Sagamores, who 
 exercife an abfolute Jurifdiftion over them ; the Will of their refpe- 
 Gi ve Governors being all the Law they pretend to. The Englijh here 
 refiding, are govern'd by their own Laws, and have feveral Courts of 
 Judicature ere£led for hearing and determining ofCaufes, both Civil 
 a«5d Criminal ; as alfo for making and repealing of Laws that concern 
 ithe Plantation. The Management of publick Affairs is in the Hands 
 of a certain Number of Magi Urates and AfEftanrs, determin'd by their 
 Patent ; and out of thefe do the People annually chufe a Governor, 
 and Deputy- Governor. 
 
 I jSelifiion.] The EngHJh here refiding are ProfcfTors of the Vtotejlant 
 Meligion in general, but greatly divided (as too common elfewhere) 
 into different Parties. The Natives continue Vagav, except thofe 
 few acquainted with the Principles of Chrifiianity, by a late feriou* 
 iDivine, Mr. ^ohn Eliot, who [by tranflating the Holy Bible, and fe- 
 veral Books of Devotion, into a certain Dialeii of the Tongue, 
 and by frequently preaching among the.»i in their own Language^ 
 ^aid fome Foundation for a more general Converfion ; did fuch a ge- 
 nerous Spirit pofTefs the Minds of Chriflian Benefaftors, as to ex- 
 tend their Charity that way (than which none can be more exten- 
 five) or to mortihe fome part of their worldly Eftate for that nobie 
 Undertaking Cwhich might probably be lefs fubjeft to Abufes, than 
 jerefting and endowing of Hofpitals, Alms-houfes, and fuch liksj 
 that in procefs of Time, fuch a Stock of Money might be fettle^i in 
 a fureFund, as yearly to afford a defirable Competency to a conr/nued 
 Set ofMen, who fhould be found fuficientiy able and willing to la- 
 feoHi in that mofl Chriftian Defign. 
 
 B b » 
 
Tena Canadenfis, 
 
 Part II. 
 
 § 6. New Torh 
 
 J^ame.] npHis Country Cdifcovet'd i<Jo8- by Mr. Hu^fon^ 
 X ^"'^ bounded on the Eaft by part of the main Ocean ; 
 on the Weft by fome of Terra ArBica j on the North by New England ; 
 and on the South by Neiv Jerfey) is term'd by the Italians^ Xovk Nou- 
 ella j by the S^aniardSy Nuevo Tork ^ by the French^ Nouvelle rorke^ \ 
 hy the Germans^ NeuYerke'^ zndhy the E?7glip, Neiv York; fo call'd 
 from the then Duke of York : For it being fold by Mr. Hudfon to the 
 Dutchy with'out Leave from his Mafter the King of England ; and 
 ihey keeping Pofleffion thereof, under the Name of Ne-w Nitherland 
 till the Year 1664. 'twas then |educ'd to the EngJiJh Crown ; where- 
 upon King Charles IL by fpccial Writ, made his Royal Brother [the 
 Duke of refit] Proprietor of it, from whom Cas aforefaid) it derives 
 its Name. 
 
 3fiir-] The ,fir of this Country, is commonly reputed to be much 
 the fame with that of New England. The oppofite Place of the 
 Globe to New Yorky is that part of the Eafi-Indian Ocean, lying be- 
 tween ic6 and 107 Degrees of Longitude, with 41 and 44 Degrees 
 of South Latitude. 
 
 ;§>OiL] The Soil of this Country, as alfo Long IJland, is Cby general 
 Relation; fo rich, that one Bufhel of iS'«ro;fMw Wheat doth ordinarily 
 produce an hundred in many Places. It aboundethlikewife with moft 
 forts of Grain, Herbs, and Fruits; and produceth excellent 
 
 Tobacco, I1S alfo Melons, Pumpkins, &=c. The Length of the Days 
 and Nights in this Country, is the fame as in the Kingdom of Naples ^ 
 they both lying under the fame Parallels of Latitude. 
 
 ComniObltie.Sl.] The chief Commodities of this Country, are To- 
 bacco, Bcver, Otter, Rattoon, Deer, and Elk-Skins, and other coflly 
 Fiirs ; for which the Englip and Dutch trade with the Natives. 
 
 J^aritie?.] in divers Parts of ^7>w York (efpecially thofe nigh 
 uhto and upon the Banks of the River Conneiikut) grows a fort of 
 Snike-weed, whofe Root is much efteem'd of for tbe Biting of the 
 RatiU-Snake ; being pulveriz'd, it hath an excellent fragrant Smell, 
 and a good aromatick Tafte, but feems different from the Serpeniaria 
 of the SVops. 
 
 Ircijtiiiboy^icft^, kcj AMJI-opticks, Bipopriehy Wmverfities, 
 
Part 11. Terra Canadenfis, 
 
 lEanntC^O The Natives of this Country Cefpecially thofe o^Long 
 IJland) are, by mortal Difeafes and frequCQt Wars among themfelves, 
 reduc'd to a fmall Number. Some of 'em are now ferviceable to the 
 E?3glip ; and the reft fpend their Time commonly in Hunting, Fowl- 
 ing, and Fifhing ; efpecially the Men, who remove from Place to 
 Place, and leave their Wives for tilling the Ground, and planting the 
 Corn. They're much given of late to Drinking, and frequently in- 
 toxicate themfelves with ftrong European Liquors. 
 
 # 
 
 language.] The inhabitants of this Country being Engllp, and a 
 few Dutch^ do ufe the Lmguages peculiar to their refpeQiive Coun- 
 tries. The Natives fpeak a very unpleafant QialeO: of the Indian 
 Tongue. 
 
 <J50tiernment.] The Natives of this Country are govern'd by their 
 peculiar Sachems^ who are faid to advife with their chi^f Counfellors 
 in Matters of Importance, but ftill to pronounce the definitive Sen- 
 tence themfelves, which their People commonly receive with great 
 Applaufe. The Englijh here refiding, are fubjeft unto and rul'd by 
 their own Governor, authoiiz'd and fent over by His Majefty the 
 King of Great Britain. 
 
 UiCligiDn,] The Englijh here refiding, are much the fame in point 
 of Religion with thofe here in England: But the Natives are ftill in 
 the dark, and addifted to the blackcft Idolatry, the generality of 
 'em being faid to worfhip the Devil, under the Name of MonetfOy 
 to whom they frequently addrefs themfelves with a kind of magi- 
 cal Rites, and their Priefts (call'd I'awaivs) do a£t as fo many 
 Conjurers. ^ 
 
 § 7. New Jerfej. / 
 
 l^amcjT^His Country ('difcover'd by the E/tglipy under the Con- ' 
 
 X duQ.o{ the tvJoCabotSf /4« wo 1497. lately divided into 
 Eafi and PVefiJer/ey, and bounded on the Fall by , part of the main 
 Ocean ^ on the Weft by fome of Terra Aritica \ on the North by Nevi 
 York ; and on the South by Penjilvania ) is term'd by the Italians, 
 Jerfeia Nouella.-^hy the Spaniards, Nuevo Jersey \ by the Vrench, 
 Nouvelle Jerefey \\y the Germans^ Nett Jef[eii \ and by the Engli^ti, 
 New Jerfey ; fo call'd from the Ifland Jerfey in the Br//i/7j Channel ; 
 bur why fo term'dls ^omev^hat dubious. 
 
 B b 3 35it»] 
 
35S 
 
 Terra Canadenps, 
 
 Part II. 
 
 3Cir.] The Air of this Country is efteem'd abundantly healthful to 
 breathe in, and agreeable enough to Englijh Conftitutions, as fuffici- 
 ently appears from the long Experience of many Planters. The op- 
 pofite Place of the Globe toNenvJerfey, is that part of thtvui^ Indian 
 Ocean, lying between 105 and 107 Degrees of Longitude, ^ath 59 
 and 42 Degrees of Southern Latitude. 
 
 ^1i\{r\ The Soil is notSevery where the fame, being in fome Parts 
 extraordinary good, and in others very indiflFerent. But tis generally 
 believ'd to prove much better after the felling of the Timber, and 
 clearing the Ground,in v/hich the Colony begifis now to make a good 
 Vt )grels. The Length of theX)ays and Nights in this Country, is the 
 lame as in the South oUtaJy, they both lying under the lame Paral- 
 lels of Latitude. 
 
 CommOtJttieif.] The chief Commodities exported hence for Eng- 
 land, are Whale-Oil, Whale-Fins, Bever, Monkey. Rattoon, and 
 Martin-Skins: As alfo Beef, Pork, Corn, Butter and Cheefe, to the 
 adjacent Iflands, 
 
 iHatitiC^.] As the principal Obfervables of New Jerfe-j, we may 
 reckon fome rare Plants growing in divers Parts of that CounCry, and 
 cafilyfound by the curious BoMw/, if only at the Pains to make a Search 
 proportionable to his Curiofity. Here alfo is that huge Creature 
 eall'd the Mooje, of whofe Skin they make excellent Buft. 
 
 5IIrcpijl[)Op2iciv^, &C.3 Archbipoprkhs, Bijhoprichsy Vniverfttlet ^ 
 none. 
 
 lEtanncr^.] The Natives of this Country (fewer in Number than 
 inmoft of the adjacent Colonies) are generally reckon 'd a very fimple 
 and an innocent fort of People, and many of 'em are now become 
 very lerviceable to the Planters. The here reliding, aie much 
 the fame in Manners with thdfe in England, 
 
 Xaneuaat.l All that can befaidof \ht Language the Natives 
 of this Country, is, in general, that 'tis one of the mafay different 
 Pialeas of the Indian Tongue. Thofe of the Plantation retain and 
 ufe their own Language. 
 
 <S^OlJCrnmcnt.] This Country being divided intq^a certain numbet 
 iif Shares or Proprieties ; out of each Fropriety is annually chofen a 
 Freeholder by the Inhabitants thereof. Theie Freeholders meet at a 
 ccftain Tjjae of the Year, as ^ general Affembly, -or complete Kc- 
 
 I 
 
Tart II. Term Canadenjis. ^^9 
 
 prefertative Body of the whole Colony : In that AfTemUy Ctogether 
 4ith the Governor or his Deputy) is lodged. the Leginatiye Power, 
 in making or repealing of Laws relating to the whole Province ; but 
 ilill with this Reftriaion, That they no ways infringe that Liberty 
 of Confcience, at firft eftablifh'd ; and that by an irrevocable funda- 
 mental Conftitution, sever to bealter'd by any fubfequent Law what- 
 
 -sibever. No Tax or Subfidy, Rates . or Services, are lo^ .impos'd 
 upon the People, but by and with the Confent of their Keprefenta- 
 
 ^ tives in that Aflembly, 
 
 Religion.] The Englijb here refiding, are of different Peffwafipn* 
 -in Point of Religion^ there being a Liberty of Confcience aUow'd to 
 all of the Colony. But the poor Natives Cto our great Shame) are 
 •-ftill groping in the Twilight of P<r^<iwi/»7. 
 
 ^ :8. P-enfihania, 
 
 l^ame.] npHis Country (difcover'd at the fame Time with the 
 X reft of the adjacent Continent, and bounded on *hc 
 ;Eaft by part of the main Ocean ; on the Weft by fome of 'J^erva At^ 
 tfica ) on the Morth by 'Neiv Jevfef-^ and on the South by Maryland) 
 isterm'd by the French, Benjilvan^ei by the Germans, Penjitvanien'.i 
 hy the Italians^ Spaniards^ and Englip, Fenjihania ; fo call'd from 
 iWilliam Venn, Efq; whom YiAn^ Charlos II. made firft Proprietor 
 thereofby Letters Patent, y^wwo 1680. 
 
 SCir.] The vfir of this Country is generally -granted to be cleat 
 and fweet, the Heavens being feldom over-caft with Clouds. The 
 Length of the Days and Nights, is much ^he fame here as in tje'iii 
 Jerfey, 
 
 j^oil.] The Soil of this Country is tolerably good in many Parts, 
 but in fome Places extremely barren.'' The oppofite Place of the 
 Clobe to Fenjlhama, is that Part of the Eafi- Indian Ocezu, lying 
 between 106 and loi Degrees of Longitude, with 39 and 42 Degree* 
 of South Latitude. 
 
 1^I0mm0^l^tie.^.] There being no confiderable Trade as yet fettled 
 kctween this and Foreign Countries j the chief Commoditi$s hitherto, 
 exported, are moftly Horfes and Pipe-Staves, comiDonly fent to the 
 jl^and of Rarbadots, 
 
 S V 4 ^tti* 
 
Terra Canadenfis, F^rt II. 
 
 ItacUiC'^.] Infeveral 'PattsofPenfllvatjiayZfe Springs of good mi- 
 neral Waters, particularly thofe about two Miles from Pbitadelphiat 
 v/hich, for Operation, are accounted much the fame with our purg- 
 ing Waters at Barnet. 
 
 3llrtpfj};0pJiCfe!?, &cO Archbipo^rkh , Bijhoprich , Univerjities , 
 none. 
 
 Manner.*!.] The Natives of thjs Country, being Perfons of tall 
 Bodies, and fwarthy Complexions, are generally reckon 'd more mild 
 ?ind civilly inclin'd, than moft others of the i»<fi<T» Nations. The 
 Europeans here refiding, being moftly Englijhy with a few Dutch and 
 Swedes y are much the fame with thofe in Europe. 
 
 Itanguagf.] The Z4w^«<»^<? of the Natives, l)eing a DialeQ: of the 
 Indian Tougue, is faid to be very lofty, fweet, and emphatick, in re- 
 fpeft of many others in tjiefe Parts ot the World ; as alfo very eafie 
 to be acquir'd by Strangers. The Europeans here refiding, retain the 
 |elpeft^ve Languages of their own Coqntrey. 
 
 liSobernment.] ThisCountry being granted fas aforefaid) to^T//- 
 Jiam Pehn, by his Majefty King Charles II. the publick Aftairs there- 
 of are manag'd by feveral Courts of Juftice, there eftablifh'd undeif 
 ^im as Proprietor, who (or his Deputyj rules the fame in Subordina- 
 tion to the King of Great Britain. 
 
 IFleligion.j The EngHJhhetc refiding, are ofdi^erent SeEks and 
 Perfwafions, but Rnthujiafm chiefly prevails, this Country being 
 ^ock'd with Quakers by their Governor JVtlliamPenn, The Natives 
 are faid to have a pretty clear Notion of a Supreme Being, the Im- 
 jnortality of the Soul, and a future State. Their Worfhip chiefly 
 conllfts in Sacrifices and Songs, intermix'd with Dancing. 
 
 § 9. Mary-Land. 
 
 |l9tnP'3 nrHis Country (difcover'd by the Englip^ under the Con- 
 ' X CabotSy Anno i^9J. and bounded on 
 
 the Eaft by part of the main Ocean ; on the Weft by fome of Terra 
 Arliiea ; on the North by Penjllvania ; and on the South by Virginia), 
 is term'd by the Italiansy Marylandia ; by the Spaniards, "Tierra de 
 Maria y by the French^ Terre du Marie; by the Germans ^ Marienland ; 
 • ' ' ' ' '-'^ ' and 
 
Part II. Terra Canadenfis, i&i 
 
 and by the Englijbt Mnry-Land\ fo call'datlaft in Honour of Queen 
 Mary-, Wife to King Charles I. who gave it' by Letters Patent, under 
 that Name, to the Right Honourable Cxcilius Calvert Lord Baltimore^ 
 Anno 163 a. 
 
 ^it.] The Air of this Country is much more healthful now, and 
 more agreeing to EngUjh Conftitutions than formerly, when the 
 Woods were intire ; And the better it ftill grows, the greater .Pro- 
 grefs they make in felling the Timber. The oppofite Place of the 
 Globe to Mary-Land., is that part ©f the Eafi LndUn Ocean, lying 
 between loi and 106 Degrees of Longitude, with 37 and 40 Degrees 
 of South Latitude. 
 
 ;|)OiI.^ The Soil of this Country it generally reckon 'd very fertile 
 and rich, producing in great Plenty the fame Things with Neiv York, 
 The Lepgth of the Days and Nights in Mary-Land^ is much the 
 fame as in the Southern Provinces of Spain^ they both lying under 
 f he fame Parallels of Latitude. 
 
 COWlTlOtiitUSJ.] The chief Commodities of this Country, are To- 
 bacco, Hemp, t^lax, Wood, Hops, Rape-Seed, Madder, Furs, Elk- 
 Skins, SPf, 
 
 IllgrftfC^.] of fe vera! rare Crufiaceous Animals found in this Coun- 
 try, that call'd the Signoe or Signenocy is moft obfervable ; and that 
 particularly for the admirable Contrivance of his Eyes. For they 
 being plac'd under the Covert of a thick Shell, Nature (whofe Ope- 
 ration is wonderful in every Thing) hath fo order'd, that thofe Parts 
 above the Eyes are fo tranfparent, as to convey a Competency of 
 Light, whereby the Cotherwile benighted) Animal can clearly fee its 
 way. For feveral other remarkable Creatures, with a Catalogue of 
 rare Plants in Mary-Land^ vide thilof. tranf, N*. 245. 
 
 3Crc5ftpOp2ic¥) &c.] Archblpopricks , Bijhqpricksj TJniverJities i 
 none. 
 
 JBanitfrSt.] The Natives of this Country (confidered in the main) 
 are generally reckon'd the fame with thofe of Neiv-Yorky or the neareft 
 to them in their Temper and Cuftoms of any other of the American 
 Nations whatfoever. The EngUJff here rcfiding, are much the fame 
 with thofe in England, 
 
 SSLangU^nC] The Language of the Natives in this Country, is faid 
 to confift of divers Idioms, very different from one another i and 
 none of 'era either fo pleafant to the Ear, or fo eafy to be acquired 
 
 by 
 
TeYYa Canadenjfs, Part If. 
 
 by Stranger's, as thofe in Fetjf hama, The Englijh here refiding ufe 
 ithcir own Language. 
 
 «©ObCtnment.] The Right Honourable CaciHus Cahgft, Lord Bal- 
 iimore, his Heirs a?id Affigns, being by Letters Patent (^iwwo 163a.] 
 created Lords and Proprietors of A/irrj'-L^w/^, excepting the Sovereign 
 Dominion and Allegiance, with a fifth paaf of the Gold and Silver 
 Ore peferv'd to his Majefty : The Gopemmevt o^ the Colony, by their 
 Lordfhip's Care and Prudence, is fo model'd, that we may reckon it 
 a Diminutive of that of Engtarrd. For the Supreme Court Ccall'd a 
 Ge»«r/»/ refembles, in fome meafurejour Evglip) Parliament, 
 feeing divided into an Upper and Lower Houfe. The Upper confifts of 
 the Governor himfelf, with his Council, and fiich Lords of Manners, 
 and others, as his Lordfhi|>, or Lieutenant, ftall by Writ call thither^ 
 The Lower is eiade up of Delega-tes -elei^ed and fent upby cack 
 Coahtyof the whole Plantation. ' Thi^ Affembly is conven'd, pro- 
 rogu'd, ot diflblv'd at Pleafure, by his Lord fhip or Lieutenant ; and 
 whatever is agreed upon, and enabled by both Houfes, and affentei 
 unto by his Lordfhip, hath the SanSion of a Law, and can't be re- 
 ■pe'al'd feat by the faime Authority. Next to this Legiflative AlTem- 
 fely^ is the Provincial Court, generally held at St. Mary% to whick 
 Appeals are made from all inferior Courts of the whole Province. 
 
 V 'lUcClSfion.] T4ie En^Tijh here refiding are of various Perfwafions 
 in |)6int of Religion-^ there being a Toleration enjoyn'd for all Sefts of 
 Chriftianity. The Natives know nothing, as yet, of the true God, 
 fave what they obfcurely fee by the glimpfing Light of Nature. 
 
 Ilame. j "Tp H I S Country (difcover'd firft by Sebafitan Cahot, Amuf 
 X I497« but afterwards more perfe6^1y by Sir Walter 
 Raivleighy 1584. when he took Polleflion thereof in Qiieen 
 Elizabeth's Name) is bounded <in the Haft by part of the main Ocean \ 
 on the Weft by fome of "Ttrra AyBied ; on the North Mary-Land; 
 and on the South by Carolina. It is term'd by the French^ Virginia ; 
 by the Germans, Virginien ; by the Italians^ SpaniardSy and Englipy 
 Virginia ; fo call'd in Honour of Queen Elitabethf that Mafculine 
 Virgin Queen, of J^a^y Ikfemory. 
 
Part IL Terra Canadenfis, 
 
 5Cir.] The Alro^ this Country, at to Heat and Cold, Drynefs and 
 Moillure, is variable according to the Winds ; thofe from the North 
 and North-Weft being univerfally cold and piercing ; but thofe from 
 the South and South-Eaft, do commonly bring along with them great 
 Heat in the Summer, which is frequently facceeded in September by 
 Rain in fuch Quantity, that it hath feveral Time's occafion'd an Epi- 
 demical Sicknels among the People. The oppofite Place of the Globe 
 to Virgintay is that part of the Eaji- Indian Oceaoj lying between 
 loi and 105 Degrees of Longitude, with 3J and 39 Degrees of South 
 Latitude. 
 
 jf>0il.] The ^oi/ of this Country (ftrangely intermix'd with a vaft 
 Number of Oyfter-ftiells) is generally fandy, yet abundantly fe/tile 
 in Grain, where employ *d. that way. It aftbrdeth alfo moft forts of 
 Roots, and defirable Fruits, with Phyfical Plants and Herbs in great 
 Plenty; but above all, it produceth a wonderful Qiiantity of To- 
 bacco/that bewitching Weed, fo accounted of all ttre World over. 
 The Length of the Days and Nights in Virgimay is the fame as in the 
 Southern Provinces of Spaijj, ttiey both lying under the fame Paral- 
 lels of Latitude. 
 
 vJIommOtiittC^.] The chief Commodities of this Country, in which 
 the Natives traffick v/ith the Englijh, are Skins of Deer, Bever, and 
 other wild Beaftsi for which the Englip return them Guns, Powder, 
 Shot, Iron Tools, Brandy, &c. but. the chief Thing exported hence 
 iot England, is Tobacco,, there being above an hundred and fifty Sail 
 of Ships commonly that load therewith every Year. 
 
 Hiaritie^.] Such is the prodigious multitude of Oyfter-ftells inter- 
 mix'd with the Earth in Virgmdy that in fome Places they're found 5 
 or 4 Yards deep in the Ground ; where lying clofe together, they're 
 faid to petrify, and feem to make a Vein of fuch a Rock. But whethet 
 the Parts of that Rock are really the Shells of Oyfters, there left by 
 the Sea ( which fome fuppofe to have overflow'd this Tra£l: of Land ) 
 x)r lapides fui generis ^ fub judice lis eji. ( 1.) In fome lefTer Banks of 
 Shells are found Teeth (about two or three Inches long, and one 
 broad) fuppos'd to be thofe of Fifbes ; and in other Parts are dug up 
 ihe Bones of Whales feveral Yards deep, and that many Leagues from 
 Sea. (3.) Near the River Fatomeck is a fort of Aluminous Earth, of 
 an Afh-Colour, very foftand light, and of an acid aftringent Tafte, 
 almoft like that of A Hum. (4.) In many Parts of this Country is found 
 a certain kind of Squirrel, who, at his Pleafuie, can ftretch out tho 
 Skin of his Sides, Thighs, and Legs, about an Inch in breadth (al' 
 iHoft like the Wings of a fiat; hy the help of whieh, be leapi faither. 
 
J 64 Terra Canadenfis, Part II. 
 
 and alights jsiorc furcly than the ordinary fort, aod is therefore call'd 
 
 Xht Flying Sifuirrel. 
 
 Mu\)b\\'i)Q^2\C^^, 25ir{lOp2icft.i5, &c.] Archbijhopmhy Blpopricks^ 
 none. As for Vn'werjiiies^ here is a confiderable Seminary of Learn- 
 ing lately eftablifh'd at St. James s> Town, which already merits the 
 Title of Colle^e^ and we hope it will in procefs of Time dcfcrve the 
 Name of an Unherjity. 
 
 ^QX[X\CX$.2 The Natives of this Country, being Perfons generally 
 of tall and flender Bodies, black Hair, and of a tawny Complexion, 
 are much given to Revenge, and very exaO: in vindicating the Death 
 cf a Friend, if they can by any means poflible. They fpend moft of 
 their Time in hunting wild Beafts, particularly Peer and Bever, 
 ■whofe Skins (as aforefai^i) they interchange with the Etiglijh for what 
 Necefldries they waqt. Natives of the inland Parts are faid to burn 
 their Dead, and lay up their Afhes near their Cabins. Thofe whom 
 they own as Pviefts, are look'd upon as fo tnany Conjurers, becaufe by 
 their Invocations in a private Cabin, 'tis reported, that they frequently 
 caufe abundance of Rain to fall. The EngHjh here refiding arc much 
 the fame with thofe in England. 
 
 ttanguage.] The Language of the Natives of this Country is re- 
 markable for its v^ft Variety of DialeSs, and thofe fo different frorr» 
 one another, that Peopli of Twenty Miles diftance (and fometimes 
 lefs) are as quite different Nations, neither of them being able to 
 comprehend the full ;heaning of one another's j'^r^ow, without the 
 Jielp of an Interpreter. Of luch People or Nations are chiefly rec- 
 kon'd the Ch^onocks, Mangoags, Adonacans, Mafan-omeheSy Manna- 
 hocksy Paivhiitans, &c. The Englijh here ref<ding retain and ^k their 
 own Language. 
 
 ^^O^Crnment.j The Natives (efpecially thofe in the Inland Parts 
 ef this Country J own Subjeftion to certain Governors of their own, 
 call'd W'eroans. The Engl/p are fubje£i: unto, and rql'd by a parti- 
 cular Governor, appointed and fent thither by his Brltannkk Majefty, 
 The various Laws Avhich immediately relate to the Colony it felf, 
 are made by the Governor, with the Confent of his Council, in Con- 
 ]i»nftion with the Burgelfes elefted by Freeholders. But for Decifion 
 of Matters (whether Civil or Criminal) in general, they're the very 
 fame with thofe here in England. The chief Court of Judicature 
 being held Quarterly, is call'd the Quarter Court: In it, the Go- 
 vernor and Council are Judges, who determine in Affairs of the 
 greateft moment; and to it Appeals are made from inferior Courts, 
 Monthly kept in every County ; there being Sheriffs, Ju'ftices of 
 
Part II. Ten a Canadenfis^ ^6^ 
 
 the Peace, and other Officers appointed for that end by the Go- 
 vernor. 
 
 tleliflion*] The Englip) here tefiding arc (for the muft part) Pro- 
 feflbrs of the Proteftant Doftrine, and Obfervers of the Forms of Di-» 
 vine "Worfliip, according to the Model of the Church of England, 
 But the Natives continue Pagan, except a few of the younger fort 
 already taught the Element of Human Literature, and in{lru£i-ed in 
 the Principles of Chriftianity by the Members of our lately created 
 Seminary of Learning at St. James's Town; of Avhofe happy and de- 
 fired Progrefs in this Matter, Awe have all Reai'on in the World to 
 v/ifh, and no fmall Grounds to hope the beft. 
 
 § If. Carolina. 
 
 i^am^Onp ^ I S Country (difcover'd at firft about the fame Time 
 JL \*i'\t\\Virginiay and afterwards, Anno \66o. granted by 
 Patent to feveral Noblemen as Proprietors thereof^ is bounded on the 
 Eafi: by part of the main Ocean ; on the Weft by fome of 'Terrs ArBi- 
 ca : on the North by Virginia ; and on the Sooth by part of Floridai 
 It is term'd by the French^ Caroline ; by the Italians^ Spaniards^ Ger- 
 mans, and Englijhi Carolina i fo call'd, in Honour of his Britannick 
 Majeily King Charles the Second* 
 
 3t!it.] The Air of this Country is reckon 'd vei'y healthful to breathe 
 in, and fo temperate, that 'tis a good Medium between the Extrc- 
 ihities of Heat and Cold, that are moft fenfibly felt in divers Parts 
 of the World. The oppofice Place of the Globe to Carolina, is that 
 part of the Eafi Indian Ocean, lying between 98 and igj Degrees of 
 Longitude, with 30 and 37 Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 jf)0il.] The Soil of this Country is for the moft part very fruitful^ 
 producing in great Plenty moft forts of Fruits, Roots, Plants, Herbs^ 
 &>c. befides variety of Englijlj Grain. The Length of the Days and 
 Nights in Carolina^ is much the fame with thole in the Southmort 
 part of Spaint and Northmoft of Barbary^ they both lying under the 
 fame Parallels of Latitude. 
 
 COtttmObitiCSi.] The chxt^ Commodities eii^artcA hence, are Skins 
 of Otters, Bears and Leopards ; as alfo Oil, Olives, Cotcon, Indico, 
 Ginger, Tobacco, Sarfaparilla, Turmcrickj Snakes-Root, &c. 
 
366 
 
 Terra Qanadenfis, 
 
 Part 11. 
 
 Hacitie.^.] What chiefly deferves the Epithet of Rave in Cavolina^ 
 is a certain Herb, v/hich goes by the Name of the Country ; and re- 
 xnarkable for its long red Root, which draws upon Paper good red 
 Lines, but anfwers not in Dying. 
 
 ^rc!j't)i(l}Op2iC'f5,^, &C.] , Archblpoprich, Bijhoprkhf Umverpies; 
 none. - 
 
 lEtannCr^O The Natives of this Country, being naturally Men of 
 good Courage, and for a long time at Wars among themfelves, are 
 mightily diminifli'd in their Number to what they were. But thofe 
 rerrwining are generally Perfons of a good agreeable Temper, and 
 maintain a firm Friendfliip with our Colony. The EngUjh here re- 
 ading are the fame in Manners with thofe here in England. 
 
 %an8Ua!JC-l The Natives have a particular Jargon of their own, 
 ■which founds very harfh to the Ear, and feems to Strangers extremely 
 hard, if not impolTible to beacquir'd. The Englijh ufe their owa 
 Language. 
 
 (©OtiCCnmtnt ] King Charles II, having granted Carolina by Letters 
 Patent, in Propriety to George Duke of Albemarle, Edward Earl of Cla- 
 rendoni &c. by thofe Letters, the Laws of England were to be always 
 in force in this Country; only the Lords Proprietors are impower'd 
 (together with the Confentof the Inhabitants) to make or repeal fuch 
 By-Laws, as lhall from Time to Time be thought expedient, for the 
 better Governing of the whole Colony. 
 
 fieligion.] The EngHfb here redding are of many and different 
 Perfwafions in Matters of/?e%ww, there being a Liberty of Confciencc 
 allow'd by the very Conftitution of their Government. The Natives 
 have as yet no reveal'd Knowledge of the True God, but follow the 
 vain Imaginations of their own Mind ; however, they are faid to ac- 
 knowledge one Supreme Being, whom they worfhip under the Name 
 of Ohe, and to him their Priefls doVrequently facrifice ; but they be- 
 lieve that he takes no Care of Human Aft'airs, committing them to 
 ielTer Deities. They acknowledge alfo a Tranfmigration of SoulSj 
 and a future State of Happinefs after this Life. 
 
 SECT* 
 
Part lU 
 
 SECT. V. 
 
 Concerning €ma ^UttC^^ 
 
 UN D E R the Title of Terra ArBica^-wc comprehend all thofe Nor- 
 thern Countries, lying either entirely for moftly) within the 
 Arctick Polar Circle. The chief of which are thefe following, viz. 
 
 Of thefe we know little nnore, as yet, than their bare Names, I am 
 very fcnfible, That in treating of them fyea, and that individual 
 part of the Earth exaftly under the North Pole) fome Writers are 
 pleas'd to fpeak as particularly, as if they were difcourfing of the 
 Fifty two Counties of England. But leaving fuch Gentlemen to divert 
 themfelves-with their own Chimera's ; and leaving thefe Countries to 
 the better Difcovery of future Ages, I pafs on to the various Divifions 
 of South America ; chufing rather to fay nothing of the aforefaid un- 
 known Countries, than to relate Things of them fatisfailory neither 
 to my feU, nor the Reader ; being willing to have due Regard to 
 that excellent Saying of th? Roman Orator, Quam helium eji velle cejt- 
 fteri fotius nefcire quod nefcias, quam ijla effutientem naufeare, atfut 
 ff>/nm fibi difplieert ? Cic, dc Nat. Deor. Lib. i. Now foUoweth, 
 
 Greenland, 
 Spitsbergi 
 
 Nova Zemhla\ 
 Terra de Jejfo, 
 
 New Venmarlz, 
 New North Walet, 
 
 SECT. 
 
368 
 
 Part II? 
 
 * E € T. VI. 
 Concerning Cetra fltms^» 
 
 d. m. 
 
 A, 5 iSi CO 7 f T *2 r Length froili E. to iS 
 
 •5 Uetweenl Jof Lon./ g t ^j^^^^ ^ ^^j^^^ 
 
 S -< S I ooT f , , C "'iBreadth from S. to N. 
 
 •I ^between I 30 ^"•) ^ C about 740 Miles. 
 
 6eine divided the River Or/w^«e, call'd Guiana. 
 
 rnw C^'/ Orinoque, term'd C<i/?e//o Ortf. 
 
 ^4^2 cowpre-t 
 hends the Pro- 
 vinces of ( 
 
 ■ Caribana- "7 ^ C Morepego 
 
 ' Guiana - — — - 3 ^ c M^f^^o'* " 
 
 N» to S. 
 
 cotnpte 
 he;idsthePro-y 
 Vinces of » 
 
 Panama yOT H'er.y. 
 
 ra Firma • 
 
 Garthagena 
 
 St. Martha 
 
 Rio de la hacha- 
 Venezttla — — • 
 
 Andaluzia 
 
 Faria — — ' 
 
 Granada--^-' 
 
 ^Papayan— 
 
 Panama ■ 
 
 From Vfi 
 to £. 
 
 Idem-— ■ 
 Idem-' ' ' 
 Idem - ' ' ' 
 
 Idem — - 
 
 Comana -• 
 
 Maluregvata 7 p^^^ E. 
 
 StJe de Bagato- ^ 
 ^Sf.FedgAntiochid- 3 
 
 ilame.lT^HIS Country Qdifcover'd hy the Spaniards, itid cofl- 
 1 quer'd 1 514.^ is bounded on the Eaft by part of 
 
 the main Ocean ; on the Weft by Mare del Zur ; on the North by 
 Mare del Nort and the Bay of Mexico ; and on the South by Perw, 
 Amazfinia, and part of Brafil. It is term'd by the Italians, Terra 
 Firma • by the. Spaniards, Tierra Firma ; by the Frenchy Terve Ferme 
 by the Germansy Het vafi Land ; and, by the Engli^y Terra Firma i 
 fo call'd by the Difcoverers thereof, as being one part of the F^>-w< 
 Landy or main Continent, at which the Spaniards firft touch'd in 
 their Veftern Difcoveries. 
 
So urn 
 
 America 
 
 to LhiLatcft 
 ObLervaiioiis 
 
Back of 
 Foldout 
 Not Imaged 
 
Part If.' Terra firma. 
 
 5lliC.l The Air of thisCoantry is extrertiely hot, yet generally ac- 
 counted very wholefonie, fave in the Northmoft Parts adjacent to the 
 Ifihmus of Vanama^ where the Ground is full of Lakes and Marlhes, 
 which by their afcending Vapours do render the Air very p,rofs, arid 
 confequently lefs wholefome to breathe in. The oppofite Place of 
 the Globe to lerra Firma, is that part of the Edji Indian Ocean, lying 
 between 129 and 160 Degrees of Longitude, with i Degree of Southj 
 and 1 1 30^ of Northern Latitude* 
 
 ^011.3 This Country (lying moftly in the firft North Climate) is 
 faid to be blefled \virh an excellent 5oi/, producing a great Plenty of 
 Corn and Fruits, Where duly manur'd. It mightily abounds in Ve- 
 nifon, Filh and Fowl. A great part of it is planted with Cotton, 
 and others are very produfliive of Sugars and Tobacco. Here arc 
 alfo very confiderable Mines of Gold, Silver, Brafs, Spc. many preci- 
 ous Stones, and in feveral Places good fifhing of Pearls. The longed 
 Day in the Northmoft part of this Country is 12 Hours and an half; 
 the ihortcft in the Southmoft is 12 Hours, or thereabouts j and the 
 Nights proportionably. 
 
 Commofiitieis.] The chiefCe^wwo^/V/V/ of this Country, are Gold, 
 Silver, and other Metals, Balfatn, Rozin, Gums, Long Pepper, Eme« 
 rals, Saphire, Jafper, QPc. 
 
 ■ fftacitie.iS.^ Upon the Coaft oi lerra Firma^ nigh Sunmim, is fre- 
 quently feen, and fometimes taken that Fifh, ufually call'd by Mari- 
 ners theOW Wife^ butothcrwife, xht Square Acarauna ; fo term'd from 
 his Figure, being aloioft a complete Qttadratum. (1.) In fever al parts 
 Guiana, are certain Trees, call'd Totock, remarkable for their Fruit, 
 which is of fo great a Bulk, andwithal fo hard, that People can*c with 
 Safety walk among *em, when the Fruit is ripe, being in danger every 
 Moment to have their Brains knock'd out. ( 3 J In one of the Branches 
 oiOronj>que River is fuch a hideous Catara£t, that the Water falling 
 down, makes as loud a Noife as if a thoufand Bells were knock'd one 
 againft another; vide HeyUn% Ccfmog.\z&l^A\tion,p' io86. (4.) On 
 the top of a high Mountain, call'd Coivoh, is a confiderable Lake (ac- 
 cording to the Report of the Natives) and that well ftock'd with moft 
 forts of Fifhes. (5.) In fome Rivers of Guiana^ is a certain little Fifh, 
 about the Bignefs of a Smelt, and remarkable for having Four Hyes ; 
 two on each lide, one above the other ; and in fwimming,'tis obferv'd 
 to keep the uppermoft two above, and the other two under Water. 
 (6.) In the Ifland of I'rwdado [near the Coaft of "Terra Firmay h a ■ 
 remarkable Fountainof Pitch, which boileth out of the Earth in great 
 abundaRce, and is expoited thence to various Places in thefe parts of* 
 
 C c the 
 
no 
 
 Terra Firma, 
 
 Part II. 
 
 the World. ( 7.) Near C. Brea^ on the Continent, is another Foun- 
 tain of pitchy Subftance» much us*d in trimming of Ships, with good 
 Suecefs, and preferable to the ordinary Pitch in thofe hot Countries, 
 being able to refift the fcorching Heat of the Sun-Beams. Vide Pur- 
 chases F'llgrimsy par. 4. lib. 6« 
 
 311tCpiri)0p?iCll^»] Here is one Spaij'/p Jnhhijlopnch^ viz. that of 
 Sr. Fe de Bagota* 
 
 SJilljOpzicUs^.] Bipopricks four, iiiZ' thofe of 
 
 ^nitJeKtltiCii?.] None. 
 
 lEiannersS.] The Natives of this Country being Perfons of a tawojl 
 Colour, and (for the moft part) of very robuft and proper Bodiesi 
 are a People that's very healthful, and generally live to great Ages, 
 jiotwithftanding the Air they breathe in is none of the heft. Tliey 
 fpend moft of their Time in Hunting, and fuch like Diverfions, as the 
 Generality of other Americans do, awd commonly walk naked above 
 their Middles. By the lateft Accounts of this Country, there are 
 ftill in Guiana a great many Cannibals : The Eating of humane Flefh 
 (efpecially that of vanquilh'd Eriemies) is fo reli filing to the Palate 
 "of thofe Savages, that two Nations of them, by mutual devouring, 
 are now reduc'd to two Handfuls of Men. 
 
 HanjJUflge.] Here is a great Dlverfity of Languages among the 
 Natives, and each of tbefe divided intofeveral Dialefts. The £«- 
 topeans here fettled, retain the feveral Languages peculiar to their re- 
 fpeftive Countries from whence they came. 
 
 ^^Dtecnment.] This fpacious Country is, in a great parr, fubje£t 
 to the King of Spain, and govern 'd by the Vice-Roy of A^wco,'undet 
 Mvhorn are feveral Deputy-Governors in divers Parts, for the better 
 Management of the whole; and for an equal Diftribution of Juftice 
 cvety where, there are eftablifli'd many Courts of Judicatory, in 
 ^hich all Caufes, whether Civil or Criminal, are heard and deter* 
 Ihin'd. Some of the midland Provinces are as yet free from the Spa' 
 flip Power, being ftiJl maintain'd by the Natives, who acknowledge 
 Subjeftion unto, and are govern'd by the Heads, or Eldeft of thei* 
 f^amilks. 
 
 Popayanj 
 Panama, 
 
 Cnrthagenay 
 St. Aiartha. 
 
Part IL 
 
 Terra Brma, 
 
 JleligionO The Natives of this Country (efpecially in ehe mid- 
 land Provinces) are grofs Idolaters. Nigh unto, and upon the Ri* 
 ver WiapocOf is a certain Nation (call'd Mara^evtacas) whofe Objefl: 
 of Religious Worlhip, is a rnonftrous Idol of Stone, fet up in a moft 
 frightful Pofture : For it is fafhioned like a very big Man fitting up* 
 on his Heels, refting his Elbows upon his Knees, and holding for- 
 ■wards the Palms of his Hands, and looking upwards, doth gape with 
 his Mouth wide open. The different Europeans here refiding, are of 
 the fame Religion with that eftablifh*d in the refpe^ive Coontrie* 
 feom whence they came* 
 
 C C 9 
 
 SECT? 
 
Part IL 
 
 C T. VIL 
 
 iiTi'v 5«j.r7] flifnb 
 
 Concerning ^etU* 
 
 "is C between 
 2 / between 
 
 Teru comprehends 
 the Provinces of 
 
 ^ (^^ Length from N. to S. is 
 about 1400 Miles. 
 Breadth from \V. to E. i» 
 about 4<DO Miles. 
 
 Po/o 
 
 .Lw Quixos. 
 fPacamores- 
 
 i^^ito 
 
 'Pem 
 
 , Lffs Canas ^ 
 
 Po/?o« — 
 Baefa — 
 )Valladolid 
 I Idem — 
 'Lima — ■ 
 Po^ej? -— 
 
 >Fiom N. to S. 
 
 jaame 1 HP His Country (difcover'd by the Spaniards y Amo ija^ 
 X and bounded on the Eaft by Amazonia ; on the Weft 
 by Mare del Zur ; and on the South by Chili) is term'd Ferit by the 
 Italians, Spaniards^ French^ Germans, and Englip; fo call'd (according 
 to the beft of Criticks) from a certain Rivulet, which bore that Name 
 among the Indians, at the Spaniards firft Arrival. 
 
 The Air of this Country is of a very different Nature, being 
 in fome Places extremely hot, and in others extraordinary lharp and 
 piercing. The Wind upon this Coaft (according to J. Acofta) blows 
 always from the South and South Weft (contrary to what's ufual be- 
 tween the Tropicks) and is not violent, tempeftuous, or unhealthful, 
 as elfewhere; but very moderate and agreeable. He farther obferves, 
 That all along the Coaft call'd Lanos, it never rains, thunders, 
 fnows, nor hails ; yet very frequently a little out at Seaj and that 
 among the Andes, it rains in a manner continually. The oppolite 
 Place of the Globe to Peru, is that part of the Gulf of Be?7?rt/e, be- 
 tween 102 and 122 Degrees of Longitude, with i and Z4 Degrees of 
 South Latitude. 
 
 ^mll This Country (lying in the ift, 2d, and gd South CH- 
 mate) confifteth of many large and plcafant Vallies, with diver$ 
 
 Tlie Vallkif in fome Places, efpecially 
 
 high Iftft^ Mountains, 
 
towards the Sea-Coafts, are very fandy, and fjrequently fubje£i to 
 Earthquakes ; in other Places they are very r^ch, and the Air ex- 
 iremely fultry. The Mountains ('particularly the Apdes) are, fpr 
 .the moft part, continualjy cold in their Tops, yet exceeding fertile, 
 and generally lin'd with moft coftly Mines beyond any Country in the 
 ; World, witnefs the famous lofty Hill of iotozi^ in the Province of 
 Xor Carcas^ before 'twas funk by an Earthquake, which happen'd 
 in the Time of 0. Crom<well\ Ufurpation. It is univerfally efteem'd 
 the richeft of all the Foreign Plantations belonging to the Spaniards, 
 fhe longeft Day in the.Northmoft part of Ferity is about iz Hours 
 and a quarter i the Ihorfeft in the Southmoft is 19 Hoijirs and a half i 
 and the Nights proportionably. 
 
 CommoDitie^J.] The chief Commodities of this Country, are Gold 
 aiid Silver in vaft Quantities, coftly Pearls, abundance of Cotton, 
 ^Tobacco, Cocheneel, medicinal Drugs, Qfc 
 
 mgritiejJ.] There's a high Mountain in Fern Ccall'd Periataka^ 
 fo whofe Top if any Perfon afccnd, he's fuddenly taken with a terri- 
 ble Fit of Vomiting. And many Travellers endeavouring to pafs 
 over the Defart of Funas, have been benumb'd on a fudden, and 
 fall'n down dead ; which makes that way wholly negle£l:ed of late', 
 (i.) On the Tops of the highett Mountains in Feru (as in other parts 
 of the World) are frequently found fome confiderable Lakes, fevera|[ 
 of which are: very hot. C3.) In the Valley of I'arapaya, near to 
 Fotoziy IS a very hot Lake of a cirpular Form, whofe middle pare 
 (for above twenty Foot fquare; continually boils up; and though 
 the Water is To extremely warm, yet the Soil about the Lake is ex- 
 traordinary cold. (^.) At the Baths oflnguay is a Stream of Water 
 almoft boihnghot ; and hard by it doth ifl"ue forth another Stream 
 which is as cold as Ice. ( In the Province of Los Carcas is ai?o- 
 ther Spring of Water, fo very hot, that one can't hold his Finger in 
 It for the Ihort fpace of one Ave Maria. And fomewhere elfe in this 
 Country IS a Fountain, out of which there iffueth a confiderable 
 Current, of a Colour almoft as red as Blood. ) Among the 
 Quickfilver Mines in Guiana-vilicay is a Fountain of hot Water, 
 whofe Current having run a confiderable way, turns at laft into a 
 foft kind of Rock, which being eafily cut, and yet very lafting, is 
 ufually imploy'd for building of Houles thereabouts. OO Nigh 
 Cape S. Helem^ and all along the Coaft, are many Fountains of 
 Cpppey Ca Sqbftance refembUng Pitch, and frequently us'd a§fuch^ 
 Of Gultran Rozin, which flow in fuch abundance, that Ships at Sea 
 Coutof Sight of Land; can give a fhrewd Guefs where they are, by, 
 the very Smell of fuch Fountains, provided there be a gentle Breeae 
 from theShofe. (9.) In divers Parts of Fern, are ftiii extant the, 
 
Teru. Part 11. 
 
 Huins of many ftately Indian Temples, particularly that call'd the 
 jpachamana Cabout Four Leagues from Lima) : And another in the 
 City ofCufcOf which might have been formerly accounted the Ame- 
 rican Pantheon^ for the Idols of all Nations conquer'd by the If?guast 
 ■were always brought thither, and there fet up. (lo.) In Peru are di- 
 vers ancient Caufways of a prodigious Length, feme being reckon'd 
 above twelve Hundred Leagues , Works that far furpafs thofe of that 
 nature among the Romam, even the famous Via Appia, j/Emilia, and 
 Flantinia in Italy. ( U J Among the Curiofiiles of this Country, v,e 
 may alfo reckon the Cucujus Peruvianus, o* Lnnthoyn Fly : An lofcd 
 of a confiderable Bignefs, and remarkable.for its fhining Property in 
 the Dark ^appearing as a little Lanthorn at a Diftance) whereupon 
 the Natives, when obliged to travel on Nights, do ufually faften a 
 few of *em to a Stick, and by their Light can clearly fee their Way. 
 "We may alfo add thofe extraordinary little Birds of this Country, 
 call'd Tomineios [of whom in Braftl] being of fofmall a Bulk, that 
 they furpafs not common wild Bees in bignefs. And finally, thofe 
 prodigious great Birds [nam'd Canderes] who are fo large and ft rong, 
 that they'll fet upon and devour an ordinary Calf. ^ For all thefe, and 
 feveral other Remarkables ofPerny vide J. Acofta'i Natur.il and Mo- 
 ral Hipry of the Indies. 
 
 ^^jCpij^jOp^iCfiij.n Here is one Spani^ Archhi^ooprk'k^ viz. that of 
 t-'ma. 
 
 sj^ijl^Opjiclij^.] Bip(^uc1:s are thofe of 
 
 Cufco, 'Trttxillo, Quinto, 
 
 Areguipa^ Guamanga^ 
 
 laniterfUie.^O TJnlverJttles in this Coyntry, none. 
 
 H^annei*^.] The Natives of this Country are reported to be a Peo- 
 ple that's, for the moft part, very fimple, •and grofly ignorant. Thofe 
 towards the Equator, are generally efteem'd more ingenious than the 
 reft, but withal, much addi^ed to two moft deteftable Vices, vit. 
 Diflimulation and Sodomy. The Spaniards here reliding are much 
 the fame with thofe in ■ 
 
 language] The Language of the Natives, did formerly confift 
 of (everal quite different Dialefts (or rather fo many diftinftTonguesi 
 they being unintelligible to one another) but thcle are much dimi- 
 nifh'd, and daily grow fewer ; for the People in the lower part of this 
 Country, being now (almoU) entirely civilized, have left their anci- 
 ent iaxKon, and commonly ufe the Span/p Tongue. ' 
 
Part 11. 
 
 <©Obernment.] This rich Country [by moft probable Conjeaures] 
 •was govern'd by its Incas, or Hereditary Kings, above three Hundred 
 Years before the Spaniards got any footing therein ; but being fully 
 mafter'd by them, Anno 1553. under the Conduft of Pi^arro, it hath 
 been ever fince aqcotinted a confiderable Part of the King of Spain $ 
 i^wmf^^w Dominions, and is govern'd by his Vice Roy, who ordina- 
 rily refideth at Lima, In feveral Places, the Natives (cfpecially 
 thofe of the Mounrainsj maintain as yet their Liberties, and are 
 
 0Cli0ion.] The Peruvians (except thofe converted to Chriftianity^ 
 are grofs Idolaters, worfhipping the Sun, Moon, Stars, Lightning, 
 Thunder, QPc. To each of fuch Deities >were formaly erefted in this 
 Country very ftately Temples, whofe Remains are ftill extant in ma- 
 ny Places, befides one almoft intire, i/iZ' that at Cufco. This Tcnj- 
 ple was dedicated to the Sun, but is now a part of the Monaftery of 
 St. Bomimck. Its Walls were overlaid with Plates of Gold from Top 
 to Bottom, and in it was fet up a glorious Reprefentation of the Sun, 
 being a lively Figure of that ccleftialBody in pure mafly Gold. Near 
 to this Temple were four others ; one whereof was dedicated to the 
 Moon, whom they call'd J^uilla^ reckoning her either ^Wife or Siftec 
 to the Sun ; another to the Planet Venus j which they term'd Chafca ; 
 a third to Thunder and Lightning, which went by the common 
 Name oi Yllapa ; and a fourth to Cbuychu, i. e. /m, or the Raiii'^ 
 bow. All of them were wonderfully inrich'd with either Gold or 
 Silver ; and beGdes thefe were many others, through the varioiu 
 Provinces of this [once^ mighty Ernpire ; but the moft magnificent 
 Temple of all Peruj was that fplendid Piece of Indian Architcftnre 
 in a certain Ifland of the Lake Titica^a, in which the Incas are be- 
 liev'd to have hid a great deal of Treafure, when the Spaniards b' 
 yajded their Couptrj. 
 
 tul'd by fome particular Cacique. 
 
part II 
 
 SECT. VIII. 
 Concerning the Land of the ^tUa^OUS. 
 
 ^his vafi Country h of no certain Extent nor Divijtonf neither hath it 
 atjy remarkable "Toivn. 
 
 j^atttCOnpHIS Country (difcover'd by the Spaniards, Anno 1541. 
 
 X and bounded on the Eaft by Brajil ; on the Weft by Pe- 
 ru ; on the North by "iterra Firma, and on the South by Para^udy) is 
 term'd bv the ItnUans^ Paefe di Amazonn \ by the Spaniards, 1'ierra ds 
 las Ama'zpnasl by the French, Pais des Amazpne ; by the Germans^ 
 Xland van d' Amazones ; and i)y the EngUp, I'he Land of the Amazons ; 
 fo call'd from the many warlike Women (referobling the ancient A- 
 mazons) who appear'd in Artps upon the Banks of the 'kxvtx Amazonit 
 the Europeavs iirft entring into this Country. 
 
 5tir.] ThCi^irof this Country, in Places as yet difcover'd, is re- 
 ported to be very temperate, conhdering the Latitude of the Country, 
 The oppofite Place of the Globe to the Land of the AmazonJ, is 
 partly the Gulf of Bengal^ and partly the Pen 'mfula of Malacca, 
 
 ' jijoil.l The of this Country, it lying in the firft, fecond, and 
 third South Cliniate, where yet difcover'd, is very fertile, producing 
 great variety of Fruits and Gra;n. Here alfo are abundance of Mines, 
 $ugar-Canes, Cocoa, and Tol^acco. Thelongeft Day in the Nbrth- 
 inoft Parts, is about 12 Hoqrsand a little more ; the fliorteft in jhe 
 Southmoft is 'ii Hours, and the Nights proportionably. 
 
 ^Oltttn0^tti^jj'.]The Commodities of this Country are reckpn'd Gold, 
 Silver, Sugar, 'Cocoa, Ebony, Tobacco, S^c but this Part of the 
 World being as yet very flenderiy known, and little frequented by 
 Strangers, thefe may be rather reckon'd the ProduQ:, than Staple 
 Commodities of this Country. 
 
 iHarittej?.] In the River Amazone, is a dreadful Cataraft, a confi- 
 derable way from the Sea ; for the Water being penn*d up between 
 two fteep Rocks (undifr which is a hideous Precipice) the Stream 
 falleth down with great Violence and Noife. Yet notwithftanding 
 this fo terrible a Fall, there be many of the Natives, who, 'tis repor- 
 ted, are fo bold, as to defcend that Stream in their little Canoos. In 
 falling they are ifure to turn topfie-turvy many times, and are feverely 
 
 pluag'd 
 
Part IJ. e/Lmazons, . ^77 
 
 plune'd in the Deep when down ; yet fuch is their Care and Nini-- 
 blenefs, that they quickly recover their Canoos, and forthwith pro- 
 ceed on their Voyage. J. Acojla. 
 
 3iltCl)tJi(l)DpjiCft!», &c.] Archhill}opricks t Bijhoprich , Vniverfities 
 none. 
 
 IJSlannCl'l^.] Upon the Bank of the River Amazone (as is hinted at 
 already) were difcover'd about fifty different Nations, who fecm'd 
 generally to be a fierce and favage fort of People ; all, both Men and 
 Women, appearing in Arms at the firft approaching of^the Spaniards ; 
 and they ftill continue as fierce and favage as formerly, and many of 
 'ern are reported to be Anthropophagi^ or Haters of Human Flefh. 
 
 H-aniJUaUC.] Our Knowledge of this (as yet^ ili-difcover'd Coun-» 
 try, is fo flender, and rhe Commerce between Europeans and this 
 People fo little^ that we can make no Obfetvations of the Nature 
 and Number of their Languages. 
 
 0Obe^nmcnt.] How this People is govern *d Cor if any Forni of 
 Government ampng them.) is not yet very certain. A farther En- 
 quiry into the fame, muft be referr'd to the better Difcovery of fu- 
 ture Ages. 
 
 IKcltjjion.] That the Inhabitants of this Country are in general 
 grols Idolaters, is the moft that can be faid of them as yet. They 
 are reported to make their Images of Wood, and to fet them up in 
 the Corners of their Houfes (having no Temples^ and do firmly 
 believe, that thofe polifli'd Pieces of Timber are really inhabited by 
 fome Divinities delcended from Heaven, being taught the fame by 
 their Priefts. 
 
 SECT. 
 
Part II. 
 
 SECT. IX. 
 
 .between 
 
 Concerning JSjtafil. 
 
 'between* 
 
 d. 
 
 309 
 
 I 
 
 ■3 
 
 23 00 X 
 
 i of Lon 
 
 OP V 
 OP 
 00 
 
 ("Length from N. E. to S, \V. 
 
 about 1600 Miles. 
 (Breadth from N- to S. is 
 ibout 1380 Miles. 
 
 /'S. Vincent ■ 
 I Sanitos 
 
 1 
 
 iAngrn dos Reyes 
 S. Sebafiian 
 Spiritu SanBo 
 Porto Seguro < 
 S. Salvadore — 
 fernamhuco — — «• 
 Farrayba- • — — 
 
 Found upon the Sea- 
 ^ Coaft from S. to 
 
 ^atnC] nr^His Cpqntty, difcover'd by the Fortuguezey Aitno 1501. 
 
 I and hounded oii the Eaft by part of the main Ocean, 
 %\\t "Wep by Amazonia ; on the North by l^erra Firma, with fome 
 of the main Ocean ; and on the South by Paraguay^ and the main 
 Oceaq, is term'd Brajll by the Italians^ Spaniards^ French^ Germans 
 ^nd Engli(h ; but why fo call'd is not certain. Thofe who derive the 
 Name from the abundance of that Wood term'd by the Europeans^ 
 ^rafil-Woody which grows in this Country, do give (methinks) no 
 fatisfaftory Account of the Matter. 
 
 2{lir.3 The J'lr of this Country is generally very wholefome ; and 
 notv/ithftanding Erafil is almoft intirely within the horrid Zone, yet 
 in thofe Parts already difcover'd, 'tis exceeding temperate, being 
 daily qualify'd by Sea-Breezes about Noon. Oppofite on the Globe 
 to Brafil^ are the Philippin JJlartds, with part of the Eaftern Ocean 
 adjacent to them. 
 
 .§ai(.] The iS"*?// of this Country (it lying in the ift, 2d, 3d, 4th^ 
 South Climate) is reported to be extraordinary fertile, efpecially in 
 thofe Places already difcover'd. The longcft Pay in the Norihmoft. 
 ^ farts 
 
Part II. 'Brafil 579 
 
 Parts is about i z Hours and a quarter ; the fhorteft in the Southmoft, 
 . 10 Hours and an half ; and t.^e Nights proportionably. 
 
 <iro.mmtJDitie.^.3 The chief CormjioMties of this Country, are Red- 
 wood (otherwifeBrafil-wood, much us'd for Dying) in great Quan- 
 tities, abundance of Sugar, as alfo Amber, Rozin, Balm, Tobacco, 
 Train Oil, Confeftures, &c- 
 
 f^aritie^S.] As the principal of Br^ij?/, we may fitly rec- 
 
 kon the conliderable Number of very ftrange Creatures found in that 
 Country: The chief of which I fhall here mention, and thofe redu- 
 cible to Four general Claffes, viz. Beafii, SerpentSy Birdsy and Fijhes. 
 I. Of Beafts. The moft remarkable of them are thefe following. 
 (i.) Monheys, particularly that fort call'd by European Sy the Kivgs 
 Movkey^ the biggeft of the whole Species, and obfervable for having 
 a thin hollow Throttle-Bone, near the upper end of th&LarynXy by 
 the Help of which he makes a great Noife. Here alfo are many 
 Monkeys fof a yellowifli Colour; that fmell like ordinary Musk. 
 (2.) The Sloth [term'd by the Natives Haliy from his Voice of a 
 like Sound] but by moft Europeans^ Ignavus or Pigritiay and cor- 
 ruptedly Pereza by the Spaniards \ fo call'd from the Nature of that 
 Animal, being of fo flow a Motion, that he requires three or four 
 Days to climb up a Tree of an ordinary height, and twenty fopr 
 Hours to walk fifty Paces on plain Ground ; his Fore-feet are a.\mo&. 
 double his Hinder in Length ; and when he climbs a Tree, his Hold 
 he takes is fo fure, that while he hangs by a Branch, he can fleep 
 fecurely. (^.) The 'Tomanduo Guacu [which is a great BearJ fo 
 term'd by the Natives; but commonly by Europeans^ the Ant-Bear^ 
 becaufe he ufually feeds upon Ants, at leaft deftroys thofe Creatures 
 V/here-ever he finds them. His Tail is fo big, that, Squirrel-like, 
 he can CGvtr his whole Body therewith. (4..) The great SheWd 
 Hedge-hog, calfd by the Natives I'atu, and Armadillo by the Spani' 
 ards, becaufe he gathers himfelf up, Head, Feet, and Tail, with- 
 in his Shell, as round as a Ball ; and that as a fure Defence, when 
 cither he goes to Sleep, or is aftually affaulted by any de{lru9:ive 
 Creature with whom he dares not grapple. 11. Of Serpents. The 
 moft remarkable of them, are, (i.J That call'd by the Natives 
 Ihibnbocay which is about three Yards and an half long, and of a 
 conliderable Bigiiefs i his Colours are originally White, Red, and 
 Black, of all kinds ; and his Bite is moft pernicious of any, yet 
 worketh the floweft. (2.) The Boiguacu, which is the biggeft of 
 the whole Species, being half a Yard in Compafs about the Mid- 
 dle, and almoft Seven Yards long. TSO The Boiciningay other- 
 \^'ife the Rattle-Snal'ey fo call'd by Europeanfy from a Rattle in the 
 tndof his Tail, compos'd of a number of dry Bones, from Eight 
 
a?? 'BrafiJ. Par^tll. 
 
 to . Si?teen, which are hollow, thi.n", hard, and very fonoious. 
 'TKofe Peirfons whofe Misfortune itiS4o be bitten by him, are tor- 
 inented v/ith exgiiifite P^in ftheir whole Body cleaving into 
 Chops) and frequently die within twenty four Hours, in a tnoft 
 fad Condition. But,, as >, a remarkable Aft of the Divine Provi- 
 dence, this noxious Aijiroal gives timely Warning to Travellers to 
 ^void1i"im, by making a great Noife with his Rattle, as foon as 
 he hears any Perfon approaching towards him. III. of "Brafil 
 Birds, t\ic mo& remarkable are, (r.) Tht Humming Bird, which 
 IS fo call'd from tlie humming Noife he makes with his Wings 
 JiikeaBee, when he feqd$, by thrufting his fmall Bill into Flowers. 
 The Brafdiam term him Guanumbi, ^nd fome Writers OuriJJia, 
 1. e. The Surj-Beafn,"beqank of his radiant colour'd Feathers, 
 v/ith vvhich the M^;?x adorn their Images ; but the Spaniards 
 call him 'Tomiveius,. tecaure To fmall, that one of them with its 
 'Neft, weighs pn\y two Xomlnos ; a Weight in Spain confiifting of 
 Twelve Grains. Cz.; The , fo call'd by the Natives j buf 
 
 by Europeans the Unicorn-Bird, beca'ufe he hath a kind of Horn 
 growing out of his Forehead about two or three Inches long, of a 
 brittle Subftance, and blunt at the Top ^ and is therefore neither 
 defenfive, nor oflPenfive to him. (^.) That call'd Guara by the 
 Br ajtlians, znd by Europeans the Sea-Curlew ^ the fame mth Nit- 
 menius Indicus, and Arcuata Coccinea among Latin Authors, and re-r 
 markable for its Alterations of Colours ; being at firft Black, then 
 Alh-colour'd, next White, afterwards Scarlet, and laft of all 
 Crimfon ; which grows the richer Dye the longer he lives. IV. 
 Of ;F//7;« taken upon the Coaft otBrafil, the moft remarkable are, 
 (i.) Orbis Minor, or the Globe-Fiji}, fo call'd from his orbicular 
 Form ; and remarkable for being arm'd with many long, round, 
 h^rd, and lharp Spikes and Needles all over his Body, almoft 
 like thofe of an Hedge-hog. When he fwims, 'tis believ'd, that 
 he draws thofe Needles in, dcpreffing them to his Body, to faci- 
 litate bis way through the Water j and that he advances them at 
 any time he happens to be purfu'd, bidding (as 'twerej the Ene- 
 "^yto corne at his peril, ('z.) Upon this Coaft is frequently feen 
 tht lcToeneis or Remora, a Fifh very famous among the Ancients for 
 its ftnpendons Power in flopping a Ship ("as they imagin'd) though 
 under Sail, and before a brisk Gale of Wind. Which' ftrange Ac- 
 count ^was generally believ'd for many Ages, and not a few have 
 labour'd to aflign the Caufe i but it is no\y look'd upon as a Ridi- 
 culous Story, and defervedly exploded by every ordinary Travel- 
 ler. Thefe are the moft remarkable Creatures, whether Be/j/x, 
 Sei-pents, Birds, ot Fijhes, belonging to Brajtl and all (or moft) of 
 Ehem, are to be feen in the pubJick Repolitory of Grepam College^ 
 
Brafil 
 
 London. As alfo the Mmfsum Regium at Copenhagen^ and feveral 
 Other celebrated liepofitodes in E»TO|>(f. J 
 
 S: . : ■ ■ ■ ' 
 
 ;r3IltCtjtlin)0P?i£i^.i', See.} Hefq is one .Portugueze Archbifhoprict^ 
 <viz> That of St. Salvadore.^ to ^flhofe Incumiient are fubjefl; fcyeral 
 SufFri^gans, but their Number and Names are uncertain. Univerfitief 
 
 'none*-; st!:' • ' 
 
 -■■ ■ J f ■ 
 
 iJlanncr^^O The BrafiUans are reported to be generally a crilfff^," 
 thievifh, and revengeful fort of People ; yet fome on the Sea-Coaft 
 being civiliy/d, prove very ingenious. This vaft Body compre- 
 hends feveral different Nations, the chief of which are the Ucpi- 
 namhousy the MargajaSy the "Tapuyes, &c. who are ordinarily di- 
 ftinguifh'd from one another by the wearing of their Hair.. They 
 generally go quite naked, and in many Places of the main Land 
 are Multitudes of Cannibals. Their manner of repofing on Nights 
 is in a kind of , Net, gather'd at each End, and ty d to two Poles 
 fix'd faft in the Ground. This Net is made of the Rind of a cer- 
 tain Tree call'd Hamaclzy and hence is deriv'd the vulgar Appella- 
 tion of Sea-Bedding, commonly us'd in the EngJipj Fleet. 
 
 Hanyuage.] TheDiverfity of Languages among the Natives of 
 thofe Places already difcover'd on the Sea Coafts, doth fufficiently 
 evince, that their Number mufl: be much greater in the inland Parts 
 of this vaftly extended Country. The only thing obfervable of thofe 
 Languages upon the Sea-Coafts, is, That the Natives can't pronounce 
 the three Letters of L, F, R. and that their manner of Pronunciation 
 is much thro* the Throat, The Fortugueze here feliding, rctairfaM 
 ufe their own Language. 
 
 450ticrnment.] The Brafillans being divided (as aforefaidj into 
 many different Nations,. feveral of them ch ufe certain Captains or 
 Governors, by whom they are ruled ; others wander up and down, 
 and live without any Order or Government among them. The Pov- 
 tuguezehting Mafters of almoft all the Sea-Coafts fince the Year 1 5.01. 
 and having divided them into certain Prsfe^iures, over each of thefe 
 is fet a particular Governor, which Governors are all accountable to 
 the Vice Roy of Portugal ^ whofe Place of Refidence is ordinarily ac 
 Sf. Salvadore, 
 
 :t one 
 
 0cli* 
 
3S2 'Brafik Part It. 
 
 Jfelifiion.] The Natives of Brajtlzre reported to entertain but a 
 faint Notion of a Supreme Being, and a future State, and many are 
 funk even beneath Idolatry it felf, having neither Idol nor Temple 
 10 be l^n among therh. Others are (aid to believe the Soul's Im- 
 iinortality; and to give fome obfcure Hints of an univerfal Deluge. 
 Many of thofe vfho live nigh unto, and upon the Sca-Coafts, are 
 converted to Chriftianity, and that by the commendable Induftry of 
 she Fortuguetje^ who are of the fame Religion with that eftablifli'd in 
 
 SECT. 
 
Part II. 
 
 S E C T. X. 
 
 / 
 
 Concerning Cl^llt 
 
 d. 
 
 rbetween{'^' off nh.) ^Length fmmN.roS. is a- 
 
 bout I loo Mifes. 
 
 •between^ 'I Ho^Lat\?V''u^'^^TJ^'''^'''''' 
 ^ 44 oo> ' ►is ^ bout } 00 Miles. 
 
 Vhili com- fClili Froprln — '^ | C St. .7"'.?'' — Z N- *o S. Upon thef 
 prehends JC^'^' lr»perlal --C jBalvidia — 3 Sea-Coafti 
 
 the Pf**' /C)&«c«<Vo C ^ jMandofa, ^ C^/7i Propria. 
 
 vinoes of ^ Q i. Eaftof— ^ Chili Imperial. 
 
 Ilaitie.] 'T^His Country difcover'd by the Spamards^ Atfmi^^^ 
 X and bounded on the Eaft by Paraguay on the "Weft by 
 Mare Pacifcum ; on the North by Perti ; and on the South by Terra 
 Magellanica^ is tcrm'd Chili by the Italiansy Spaniards, French^ Gtf**- 
 tnans, and Englijlj ; fo called (as moft imaginej from a large and 
 fpacious Valley of that Name. 
 
 Wt*] The Air of this Country, during the Summer, is much of thtf 
 fame Quality as in Spain, or rather more temperate, being frequently 
 fann'd by Wefterly Sea Breeies ; bat in the VTmier, the Cold is fd ex- 
 ceffively piercing, that both Man and Beaft do perifh in great Num- 
 bers. The oppofite Place of the Globe to Cbilif is .the South part 
 of Tartary^ between 107 and 117 Degrees of Longifiide, witft 
 and 44 Degrees of North Latitude. 
 
 i^Oil.] The Mouhtainous Parts of this Country (it lying in the 
 3d, 4th, 5th, dth South Climate) are generally dry and barren, but; 
 in the large Valleys towards the Sea, the Soil is exceeding fertile, 
 producing great plenty of Maize, Wheat, and moft forts of other 
 Grain, as alfo Variety of Herbs and Fruits ; and the Vines brdught 
 hither from Spuin, do profper extraordinary well. This Codntfy 
 affordeth likewife fome rich Mines of Gold and Silver. The longeft 
 Day in the Northmoft Parts, is about 13 Hours and an half; the 
 ihorteft in the Southmoft, is 7 Hours and an half, and the Nights 
 proportionably. 
 
 CommoDitfe.^.] The chief Co>7Jwo^f/7/w of this Country, are^old'j 
 Silver, Maize, Corn, Honey, Qftridges, and fever^l Metals. 
 
584 
 
 CbilL 
 
 Part ir. 
 
 flacitiC,^.] In Ci&i/i is a very remarkable Bird, call'd C«w/<<r (cor- 
 luptediy Condor by the Spaniards) \which is of a prodigious Size, and 
 extremely ravenous. He frequently fets upon a Sheep or Calf, and 
 comes down with fuch Force, that his Blow is always mortal, and 
 not only kills, but is alfo able to eat up one of *em entirely. Two of 
 •emwilldaretoaflaulta Cow orBull, and ufually mafter them. The 
 Inhabitants of this Country are not free from fuch Attempts ; but 
 Nature hath fo order'd, that f his deftru9:ive Creature is very rare, 
 the whole Country affording only a very fmall Number, othervvifc 
 not to be inhabited. Vide j. AcoftaV Natural and Mor^l Hifiory of 
 the Indies. 
 
 SfircijtJiffeopjicft.^, &c.] Anhhljhoprkkst Bipopyichy XJniverftties, 
 none. 
 
 ^flnn0tj5.3 The Natives of this Country, being of a white Com- 
 plexion, and tall of Stature, .are a very warlike and couragious fort 
 of People, efpecially the who are as yer unconquer'd by 
 
 the Spaniards. For Cloathing, they ufe nothing eife than the Skins 
 ofwildBeafts. 
 
 SCangUage.] The prevailing Language of this Country, is the Spa- 
 rtlflfy which is not only in ufe among the Spaniards themfelves, but 
 alfo is currently fpoken (at leaft underftood) by the Plurality of the 
 Natives. Thofe of *em who entertain little Commerce with the Spa- 
 niards) retain ftill their own Jargon, as in ancient Times. 
 
 ' 45oternment;] The Natives (wherethey maintain their Freedom 
 as yet) are rul'd by certain Captains of their own chufing ; but this 
 Country being invaded, and taken PofTeflion of by the Spaniards^ 
 above an hundred Years ago, is moftly fubjeQ: to the Crown oiSpain^ 
 and rul'd by a particularGovernor, rending at Conception, in Subordi- 
 nation to the Vice-Roy of Fern. 
 
 fteliSiDH.] The Natives of this Country (excepting thofe c6n* 
 verted to Chriftianity) are generally reckon'd the grofleft Idolaters 
 of all the Americans, the chief Objetl of their Worfhip being the De- 
 vil, whom they term Eponamon, which fignifies ^^row^ or PonverfuJ, 
 The Spaniards here refiding, are Roman Catholicks, as in the King- 
 4Qni of Spain. 
 
 SECT. 
 
Fart 11. 
 
 SECT. Xt 
 
 Concerning f&ataSUa^. 
 
 ; between^ 
 
 between* 
 
 d. m. 
 
 ofLon.>5^ C 
 
 37 
 
 5 18 ooi 
 
 t 37 00 J 
 
 .CO 
 
 00 
 00 
 
 ofS.Lat. 
 
 (-Length from N. to || 
 about 1 1 00 Miles. ^ 
 . ^ ^Breadth from W, to E. is 
 ) >i5 C. about 1200 Mileii.,, 
 
 Pa¥Agtiay divi- 
 ded into feve- 
 ti\ Provinces,^ 
 the beft known 
 of which are 
 
 'Guayra -■ 
 
 I Paragdia Propria 
 Chaco ■ 
 ' Tucomati — -— — 
 
 ChUadReaJ'J E. "W.oii fj* 
 > Br. of R« rfl 
 Conception — j P//»f, 
 St. Jago-^ 7 W.«E.£*/J&«fri 
 Ajfumption- J oiRio^Plah 
 
 i^ame.jnp H I S Country (difcover'd firll by </e and 
 
 X afterwards taken Pofleflion of by the Spaniardst Anni> 
 i54(J. and bounded oh the Eaft by part of the main Ocean ; op the 
 Weft by Chili ; on the North by the Land o^tht Amazon ancf part 
 ©f the main Ocean) is term'd by the Germany^ Paraguaii ; by the 
 Italians, Spaniards^ Frenchy and Englijhy Paraguay^ fo call'd from a 
 River of the (^rae Name. It's alfo cali'd Rio de la Plata by the %- 
 niardsy becaufe of the abundance of Silver they found thereioi 
 
 5tir.] The Air of this Country is generally reported to be very 
 temperate, and abundantly healthful to breathe in. The oppofitc 
 Place of the Globe to Paraguay^ is that part ©f the Kingdom of China 
 and the A/o^«/'s Empire, between 112 and 144 Degrees of Longitude^ 
 with 18 and 9 7 Degrees of North Latitude. 
 
 itiOil.] "the 5"^// of this Country fit Ij^ing in the 2d, !;d, 4th, an<! 
 5th South Climate; is efteem'd to be very fertile in moft Places, pro- 
 ducing abundance of Corn, Wine, Fruits and Herbs and here alfi? 
 are feyeral confiderable Mines. The longeft Day in the Noirtbmoft 
 Parts IS about 13 Honrs: the Ihorteft in the Southmoft, is 10 Hours 
 and an hair, and the Nights proportionably. 
 
 D d 
 
I Taraguay, Part II. 
 
 <£ommo6rtie!S.3 The chief Commodities of this Country fat leafI 
 the Pfoduft thereof) are reckon'd'to be fotne Gold, Silver, Brafs, Iron, 
 Sugars, Amethyfts, &'c. 
 
 IRaritie^.] upon Rh ^ U Tlata are frequently feeia, and fome- 
 times kill'd divers kinds ofSerpents of a prodigious bignefs^ (2.) To- 
 wards the Northern Parts of Paraguay, is a certain Champaign Couii- 
 fry, about fix Leagues fquare, which is all overfpread with an excel- 
 lent fort of Salt, and that to a confiderable Height. (?.) In the We- 
 liern Parts Sf 'Tucoman, is a prodigious high and large Mount^jin, 
 "ijyhich for its wonderful Gliftering in a clear Sun -fliiae Day, iscill d 
 ihe Cryilal Momtain. Under it is extended a hideous Cave-Paflage, 
 through which doth glide a confiderable Current of Water, with fo 
 Many Windings and Turnings, that from the Time of its Entry under 
 - Che- Mountain, to its iffuing forth on the other fide, is almoft the 
 fpace of Twenty four or thirty Hours, according to the Computatiorj 
 of fome Ptf»-*«?«et«, whowfere fo adventurous as to make The Expe- 
 jtiin?»«, :aDdthat by hazarding their Perfons upon a Raft made of 
 We ^urchas's pilgrims, Vir. <i. Lih. 6. 
 
 3CtCpifbO]?2f«1i.^O Here is one Spanifo Archbipoprichf -viz- that of 
 ^io de la Plata. 
 
 - '■SBiffeOp^icfi^-B 'To the Anhhifhoprich of Rio de fa Plata, are feveral 
 Suffrigan^ vri. thofe of 
 
 ■Sf.J^godeLefteroy AjfamptiorJi Panama^ Paraguay. 
 lani^ietfitiesS.] A« for Tlmverfttiety here are none. 
 
 V'mfinner^.l The Paragaayam, though Perfons of very big and 
 fiHBodies, are neverthelefs reported to be very nimble, and much 
 eiven to Running. They are faid to be fomewhat laborious, and 
 left favagc than many others of the adjacent Nations, yet a little 
 inclin'd to a revengeful Humour againft thofe who chance to wrong 
 fhem.. 
 
 %anauaae.] Al I we can leai'n of the Language moftly in nfe among 
 the Natives, is in general, that 'tis a very harfh and unpleafant f ar- 
 gon, as tho Plurali ty of the Indian Tongues are. The Spamardi here 
 refiding do commonly ufe their own Language. 
 
 OSotjecnmtnt.] The Natives of this 'Country (according to ouf 
 lateft Account) are in a great pan fabjea to theu own ^^^^^^f^^^'^ 
 
Part IT. ^Paraguay, ^ 
 
 Caciijuesy whom they chufe among themfelves, and under whofe Con- 
 duft they go out to War, A confiderable part of this Country doth 
 belong to the King of Spnh^ who ordinarily keepeth one Governot 
 at St. Jago in Tucomaity and another at Ajfumptkn in Rio de la Plata^ 
 both of em beijig ^infwerable td thg Vice-Roy of Petit* 
 
 ^tliQimi The Natives of this Cohntry ar^ gencirally grtife X'^ola^ 
 ters, yet 'tis repotted of 'em, thdf they're mote capabli? of le^rniflg 
 obr^rfjand Religion, than moft of the bthtx Arnmcdns, And fpn^q 
 l^eak of a Tradition fpceid among *en^ importing^ That certain PrieiUl 
 fhall come into their Country, and Inftruft tbem of at new Religion^ 
 whereby they fball be moft happy in another World.; li^n SUffUrdi 
 Kere^refidiDg, are (as in Jj64/»J rigid Papift^ i ' i fliwr ; 
 
 ■ '- ' "• ' " ' '" ' ■ ' ! 7.'v: .. .... riiwfj *.3\%y;<K 
 
 s E C Ir xtt;;;:::-":/ ^ '^^^ 
 
 Concerning cem #agelianfc*: 
 
 THIS Southtnoft part of the Continent of South America Ccall'd 
 alfo Regio Patagonum) derives its Title from Ferdinand Magel^ 
 Ian, a Portugueze^ who made the firft Difcovery thereof, Anno 15194 
 as alfo of that famous Streight which ftill bears his Name, he being 
 the firft (for ought we know) that ever pafs'd through the fame* 
 Many Things (equally frivolous as ridiculous) are related of this 
 Country and its Inhabitants, with which I fhall neither tirouble ro J 
 lelf nor the Reader, but proceed to 
 
 8 E C Ti 
 
Part IL 
 
 B 
 
 SECT. Xlil. 
 Concerning W^tiUit 
 
 9 
 
 Y terra AntarBica, we underftand all thofe unknown or Hendefly 
 a J difcover'd Countries towards the Southern Parts of the Globe j 
 ihe^chief of which do bear the Names of Ne w Gmnea Ne^ Zehnd^ 
 New Hclland, and (which may comprehend thefe and all the relt; 
 ^erra Auflf alls Incognita. Which Southern Countries, tho they be-, 
 lone not to the Continent of yi>«m.^, yet we chufe to mention eirt 
 in this Place, fince the Squthraoft Part of the Continent of^South 
 America doth extend it felf farther towards the South, than any Part or 
 Head-land of the old Continent. What was faid of the Northmoft 
 Countries {SeS. 5.] u«dcr the Title of <terra ArBka {vlz. tl«t our 
 Knowledge of them did reach little farther than their bare NaroesJ 
 fethe fame may be affirm'd of thofe that bear the Title ok f err a 
 AntarBlca. Leaving them the refote to the better Difcovery of future 
 Ages* ve pafs on to 
 
 SECT* 
 
• part XL 
 
 t SECT. Xl\r. 
 
 . Concerning the American IflaHis, 
 
 tz. Tho'fe of 
 
 f Cuba. 
 
 j«9 
 
 {California. 
 New-fomd'Landc 
 
 -a 
 H 
 
 Middle f viz. The Antilles 
 
 ^'^^^^'Kmffaniola. 
 
 , f Caribees, 
 
 Lefler J^^'^y"' 
 I Sotovento. 
 
 ^Bermudas. 
 
 ^ South, viz. The lila.nd oi Terra del Fuogo, 
 Of which Iflaiids diftinftly, and in their Order. Therefore, 
 
 § I. Qalifomia, 
 
 THIS Ifland wasformierly efteem'd aPm>/«/4, but now found tq 
 be intirely fiirroi^nded with Water. Its North Part was difco- 
 ve'red b,y Sir Francij Drake, Anno 1^77. and by him call'd New Albion^ 
 •where ereSing a Pillar, he fafteii'd thereto the Arms o£ England. 
 The inland Parts thereof were afterwards fearch'd info, and being 
 fpqnd to be only a dry, barren, cold Country, Europeans we^e dif- 
 courag'd from fending Colonies to the fame, fo that it ftill remains 
 in the Hands of the Natives : And there being nothing rcmar-kable: 
 relating either to them, or it, we lhall proceed Co, 
 
 § 2. New-found-Land, 
 
 l^amc.] "TP H I S Ifland (difcover'd firft by the Two Caboit, at th^ 
 JL Charge of Henry the 7th of England, Anno 14^7. b^C 
 ^ore partidulariy hy 'Thorn and Eliot of Briftol, Anno 1527. and the 
 Englijh Title thereto being renew'd in the Name of Queen Elizaheth, 
 Anpo 1583, a Colony was fettled therein about 30 Years aftcry/ards) 
 
1^0 '^American IJIands. Part II. 
 
 is term'd by the Italians y Terra Novella ; by the Spaniards, 'tierrci 
 JHueva \ by the Vrench^ Terre Nueve ; by the G$rmansy New- f undent 
 Land; and by the EngUp, Ne-w-foMnd-LaTid\ the Derivation of 
 Vhich Name is fufficiently exprefs'd in the Name it felf. 
 
 SCitt] Notwithftanding this Ifland is fituated between ^he Parallels 
 that pafs thro' the Southern Part of England, and Northern of Frame, 
 yet theviir thereof doth extremely differ from that in either of thefe 
 Countries, it being fubjeft to a greater Excefs oi Heat in the Summer, 
 and more pinching Cold in the Winter, than commonly happens in 
 them. The oppofite Place of the Globe to New-found Land, is that 
 •D2LXX. oi Terra Aujiralls Incognita, between 12Z and 12,7 Degrees of 
 Longitude, with 47 and 51 Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 ^Oil.] T^'^s Ifland, for the moft part, is overfpread with Woods 
 •which are but flowly cut down, becaufe the Country is very thinly 
 inhabited. Where the Ground is already Clear'd, the Soil is not 
 altogether defpicahle, affording Variety of Roots, and feveral forts 
 of our Englijh Grain ; and thofe Parts poffefs'd by the French pro- 
 duce fome plenty of Vines. This Ifland is fufficiently ftock'd with 
 Deer, Hares, Otters,. Foxe^, SCf. Here alfo are abundance of Land 
 and Water-Fowl; but above all Things, its Coafts are furrounded 
 with incredible Multitudes of Cod Fifh. The length of the Days 
 and Nights in New found-Land, is the fame as in the Sopthmoft Parts 
 of England, and Northern of France, they all lying under the fame 
 parallels of Latitude! 
 
 <$10tnmOtiitiesf.] The, Commodities of this Ifland, are principally 
 Fur^, Whale-Oil, and Cod-Fifh, efpecially the latter, whereof there 
 is fuch plenty, that the fiftiing and bringing of them to Europe ( par- 
 ticularly the Streights) is now grown to a fettled and very advanta- 
 geous Trade, ' . 
 
 ''iSlaritie^.] Nothing here deferves the Epithet of .ff^;*'*, unlefs we 
 teckon that prodigious large Bank of Sand upon the South.Eaft of the 
 Ifland (about 500 Miles in Length, attd upwards of 75 in Breadth, 
 •where broadeft) remarkable for thofe vaff Multitudes of Bacalaos 
 (or Cod-fifh) iand Poor John, which are taken in great Numbers by 
 divers European Nations, who yearly refort hither for that end. So 
 thick do thefe Fiflies fometimes fwarm upon this Bank, that they re- 
 tard the Paffage of Ships failing over the fame. ' 
 
 3fircfjtj'f{l[)Op3tC]^.«?, &cO Anhhipopricks y Bijhopricks, Vniverftties ; . 
 none* . " . V' ■ - - . . 
 
Part II. American IJlands, ^j^i 
 
 "^^^ Natives of this Ifland are (fof the ^^lurality of 
 'emj Perfons of a middle Stature, broad-fac'd, and thofe of the tnal- 
 culine Sex are ufually beardlefs. They generally colour their Faces 
 with Oker, and for Cloathing ufe Skins of wild Beafts. They live 
 by Ten or Twelve Families together, in poor Cabins made of Poles, 
 in form ot our Arbors, and cover'd with Skins. They ordinarily 
 ^employ themfelves in Hunting, as moft of the Americans ufually de. 
 The Engl'qh and ¥unch here refiding, are much the fame with thofc 
 in Europe. 
 
 UangUflji^.] AU that can be faid of the Language here cammonly 
 ,ijs'd among the Natives, is, That 'tis a certain Dialed of the Indian 
 Tongue, which prevails among all the Indian Inhabitants, with little 
 Variation of Accent in the various Parts of the Ifland, The Europeans 
 ,here refiding, do ftill retain the maternal Language of the refpeflive 
 Countries from whence they cape. 
 
 : '©O^grnm^ntO In the Year 1^23. Sir George Calvert, principal 
 Secretary of State, having obtained a Patent for a part of New found-' 
 Land, crefted the fame into a Province [[call'd A'valon^ and therein 
 fettled a Plantation ; which after him was enjoy 'd by his Son deciliuf 
 Lord Baltimore. This Ifland was fet upon, and mafter'd by the French 
 in the late tedious War, but fpeedily retaken by the Engl/Jh, who ate 
 now in full Pofleflion of what they formerly enjoy'd. 
 
 Religion,] The Natives of this Inland Cupon its firft Difcovery) 
 -were found to acknowledge a Supreme Being, whom they own'd as 
 theCceator of all Tilings; but err'd extremely in their Apprehenfions 
 about the manner of their Creation: Alledging,ThatMenand Womea 
 were at firft made of a certain Number of Arrows ftuck faft in the 
 Ground. They generally believe the Immortality of the Soul, and 
 that the Dead go into a far Country, there to make merry f as they 
 think^ with thcii Friends. 
 
 § J. Cuha, 
 
 Jl^ame-lnpHIS ifland, difcovered hy the Spaniards , Anno 14^4. i$ 
 I term'd by the Italians, Spaniards, trench, Germans, znd 
 Eriglijh, Cuba. Which Name is the fame it had when firft difcover'd, 
 being fo call'd by the Natives and neighbouring Iflanders j what may 
 be the Etymology of that Indian Appellation, we know not. 
 
 D d 4 2Bir,3 
 
^Ammcan IJlands. Part II. 
 
 ' SCiir.] The of this Ifland (^confidefing its fmall Latitude) is 
 very temperate, being mightily qualified by Vapours that daily afcend 
 from the Earth. The oppofite Place oftlie Globe to Cuba is that part 
 of the Eaji- Indian Ocean, lying between 97 and 105 Degrees of 
 I-ongitude, with 19 and 23 Degrees of South Latitude.' 
 
 it>0ir.3 This Climate (lying in the fame Climate with the Nor- 
 thern Part of Nsiu Spain) is not fo fertile in Grain as Wood, being 
 generally cover'd over with Trees, fome of which do drop the purelt 
 Rozin : Here is great plenty of Fifh and Flefh ; and in lome Parts 
 are divers kinds of excellent Fruits, The length of the pays and 
 Nights in Cuba, is much the fame as in the North of New Spaiyi^ 
 they both lying under the fame Parallels of Latitude. 
 
 CommtiDittC?^.] The chief Commodities of this Ifland, are Gold, 
 Cinger, Caffia, Maftick, Aloes, Cinamon, Sugar, 
 
 iKatitiC^t.] The moft remarkable Thing in this Ifland, is a noted 
 bituminous Fountain, out of which there flows a fort of pitchy Sub- 
 ftance, commonly us'd for calking of Shipsi Here is ilfo a Valley 
 full of Flint ftones of different Siz.es, and thofe by Nature fo round, 
 that they may ferve as Bullets for moft forts of CannonSi Vide Hey- 
 lin'j Cofmog, Page 1079. • 
 
 3i!cCpii^OP2iCfe^» Sec] In this Ifland is one BipopricJ:, viz. that of 
 St. jfagoj Suffragan to the Anhbipop of St. Domingo in Hijfpajjiola. - 
 
 Haannerj?.] The Inhabitants of this Ifland, being for the raofl 
 part Spaniards^ are the fame in Manners with thofe on the Conti'- 
 iient. 
 
 5lan0Ua0C.] The Spaniards here refiding, do ftill retain, and com* 
 monly ufe the ly/j^w//?; Tongue. . ; . ; ; 
 
 45oti?rnmcnt ] This ifland was formerly govern'd by certain Caci- 
 quesy or Captains j but is now wholly fubjeft to the King of Spairiy 
 ■who ftill keeps a particular (governor in ii;^ whofe ordinary Refidence 
 is in that great and populous City H/i-y^rwrt. 
 
 ^tcligion.] The Spaniards here rtf\d\n^^ are of the fame Religion 
 mxh \h»% eiftablilh'd and univerfally protefs*d in Spain, 
 
 S4- 
 
Jkrt H. ^American Jfiands^ 
 § 4. 'Jamaica, 
 
 ^ame.] T^His ifland ('firft difcover'd by Columbus, in his, Secopd 
 X Voyage to Ameriea., and brought into PolTeflion of the 
 Engli^] by Penn Venahles, in the Time of 0 Iher Cromwelfy is^ 
 rerm'd Jamaica by the Italians^ Spaniards, Frevcky Germans^ an4 
 Engli[K It was at firft call'd St. Jago by Co/«7w^«j, which Name- 
 was afterwards chang'd to that of Jamaica i^h^t King James, theij 
 Duke of York) when it had been fubjeScd for fome time to the 
 Crown of England. 
 
 " 3Cir.] The Air of this Ifland is more temperate than in njoft of th^ 
 Neighbouring Iflands, the Heat thereof being much allayed by frefh 
 Eafterly Breezes that blow in the Pay-time, and the frequei^t 
 Showers that fall in the Night. Hurricanes and Earthquakes Yfo 
 frequent in the Canbees) are feldom heard of here ; whereupon, 
 may juftly impute that terrible Earthquake 1592.] rather to a 
 
 Moral than a Natural Caufe, viz.. The many ajid horrid Abomina- 
 tions abonrtding among the Inhabitants, which, without doubt, did 
 K)udly call for Judgments from Heaven. The oppofite Place of the 
 Globe to Jamaica, is part of the£<?/ Indian Ocean, lying between 
 102 and 105 Degrees of Longitude, with 18 and 19 Degrees of South 
 t^^titude. 
 
 ^Oil.] The 5of./ of this Ifland is extraordinary rich and fertile, pro- 
 ducing great Qiiantities of Corn, Herbs, and Fruits; abounding alfo 
 in Sugar, Cotton, Tobacco, various kinds of Spices, with divers forts 
 of Phyfical Drugs and Gdms, zs Sumach, Guiaeum^ Aloes, Benjamin, 
 Sarfaparilla, The large and pleafant Fields appear conftantly 
 
 green and fpringing, they being well ftock'd with variety of Trees 
 and Plants, which are never difrob'd of their Summer Liveries. 
 Here likewife are feveral Rivulets, and thofe affording many excel- 
 lent Fifb, efpecially Tortoife. The Length of the Days and Nights 
 in Jamaica, is the fame as in the middle Provinces of New Spain, 
 they both lying under the fame Parallels of Latitude. 
 
 CommoOftieiS J The chief Commodities of this Ifland, are Cocoa, 
 Sugar, . Indico, Cotton, Tobacco, Hides, Copper, Piemento, or 
 Jamaica Vesper, Tortoife-mdls, Wood for Dyers, and feveral forts 
 of Drugs, &c. 
 
 JJaritie^.] This Jfland is furnifli'd with fome Springs of Mineral 
 Waters; paiticularly tw.o, ^hereot one is fulphurous, and the other 
 
^American Iflands. Part II. 
 
 fait; but both approved of for the common Diftempers of the 
 Place, (i.) In divers Vztt^ oi Jamaica grows that Fruit, call'd the 
 Machlnel Apple, which is very beautiful to the Eye, of a pleafanc 
 Smell and Tafte, yet mortal if eaten ; whence fome term it the 
 Eve-Apple. (9.) Here are many fhining Flies (a kind of Cantharides) 
 appearing of a green Colour in the Day-time, but fhining in the 
 Night with fuch a Luftre, that one may fee to read by their Light. 
 (4.) Of all Creatures belonging to this Ifland, the moft remarkable 
 is the Allegatory that deftrnftive Animal, commonly harbouring in 
 or near to Rivers and large Ponds, and may very fitly be reckon'd the 
 'Jamaican Crocodile. Although he be a very big Creature, about ten, 
 fifteen, or twenty Foot in Length, yet he's hatch *d of an Egg not 
 larger than that of a 'Turkey. His Back being full of hard Scales, is 
 iinpenetrable, whereupon it is a difficult matter to kill him, unlefs 
 he receive a Wound in the Eye or Belly. He is an amphibious 
 Animal , and to enable iiim ei ther to walk upon dry Ground, orfwim 
 in the Water, Nature hath furnifli'd him both with Feet and Fins. 
 In moving on the Land he's very fwift Cprovided his Courfe be 
 ftraight forward) but extremely flow in turning, and therefore eaG- 
 ly avoided. Lajlly, In Jamaica are produc'd fome rare Plants, much 
 regarded by the inquifitive Botanifi. But for a particular Account 
 of them, and all others, found both in this, and feveralof the Caribee 
 Iflands, I refer the Reader to a curious Catalogue, publiili'd fome 
 Years ago, by that great Promoter of Natural Knowledge, the inge- 
 nious Dr. Sloane. 
 
 3llrCljtrin)0P^icft.S^> &C.] ArchbiJhoprlckSy Bijboprtcks , XSmverpies , 
 iionie. . 
 
 lEanneC^.] The inhabitants of this Ifland being Englip, are 
 much the fame in Manners with thofe in the Kingdom of England, 
 only with this Diflerence, that the Generality of *em are fomewhat 
 more vicioufly inclin'd, a Thing too common in mott of our Weftern 
 Plantations. 
 
 H^nguafje-] This ifland being entirely inhabite4 by Englijh, they 
 retain^ and ftili ufe, their own native Language. 
 
 ^Ottcrnmcnt.] Jamaica is wholly fubjed to the Crowa of 
 iand\ '%nd rul 'd by a particular Governor, fent thither by His Majefty 
 the Kfe^'bf Great Britain. The Laws by which they are govern'd, 
 are fas near as can be^ thofe of England. Here they have feveral 
 Courts of Judicatory for hearing and determining of all Caufes 
 between Man and Man ; and for the better Afliftance of the Gover- 
 nor, he is furaiih'd with his Council to conf^lr with, when occafion 
 
Part H. American IJlavds, J9$ 
 
 iReliijton.] The inhabitants of this Ifland are of the fame ReJighn 
 with that publickly profefs'd, and by Law eftablifh'd ia England; 
 excepting the Negroe Slaves^ who (both here, and in other Iflands 
 of the Englijh Plantations; are ftill kept in woful Ignorance ; which 
 is undoubtedly a grievous Scandal to our Holy ProfefHon in general, 
 and an abominable Shame to tljeir refpeaive Matters in particalar : 
 But let fuch Mafters know, That the Time is coming, when the 
 [now] defpifed Souls of thofe toiling Slaves will certainly be requir'd 
 at their Hands. 
 
 § HiJfanioJa, 
 
 .^amc] npHis Ifland Cdifcover'd by Columbus, Anno 1492.) is 
 I term'd by the Spaniards, Efpaniolai by the French, 
 Efpa^nole; by the Italians, Germans, and Englijh, Htfpaniol a ; fo 
 caU'd by the firft Planters therein, viz. the Spaniards, as a Diminu- 
 tive of their own Country. 
 
 \ 
 
 The Air of this Ifland is much inferior to that in Jamaica, 
 being much infefled with Morning Heats, which would be intolera- 
 ble, were they not allay 'd by fome cooling Breezes in the Afternoon. 
 The oppofite Place of the Globe to Hifpaniola, is that part of the 
 Eafi-lndian Oceifi, lying between 105 and 112 Degrees of Longi- 
 tude, with 17 and 20 Degrees of South Latitude. 
 
 i|)0il.] This Ifland is blefs'd with an extraordinary rich and fer- 
 tile'5o//. The Trees and Meadows in it are ftill fo green, that we 
 tnay truly fay, it enjoys a continual Spring. Herbs and Fruits are 
 hid to ripen in Eighteen Days, and fo rich and fruitful is the native 
 Turf, that of feveral Grain, the common Increafe is an Hundred-fold. 
 Here is abundance of Palm-Trees, of a prodigious Height and Big- 
 rtefs, in whofe Body an Incifion being made near the Top, from 
 thence doth flow a Liquor, ufually call'd Falm-Wine, which be- 
 ing kept for fome time, fermenteth, and becometh very ftrong. 
 Here is alfo abundance of thofe Trees term'd Cabbage 'trees, be- 
 caufe their Tops refemble European Cabbage, and are commonly 
 us'd as fuch by the Spaniards. This Ifland is likewife ftock'd with 
 good flore of Sugar-Canes, and fome rich Mines of Gold. The 
 Length of the Days ind Ni^ts in Hifpaniola, is the fame as in the 
 middle Provinces of tiew Spain, they both lying under the fame Pa- 
 lallels of Latitude. 
 
 . ,, Common 
 
' kimerkan IJIahds, Part' II. 
 
 Commc^itieit] Tht chi^i Commodities thh Ifland, are Cattle 
 Hidcs^ Caflia, Sugar, Ginger, Cocheneel, Guiacum, &>c. ' 
 
 . toitie,^.] In this Ifland is feme ftore of Genlppa Trees, whofe 
 ■ WYabouttheBignefsof aMan'stwo Fifts; being prefs'd before 
 -tborow ripe affords a Juice as black as Ink, and fit to write withal 
 did It nordifappear entirely in nine or ten Days, (2.) Here grows 
 another Tree, cz\[ d M^„„„ma or Dtvarf-Apph-Tree, whofe Fmit is 
 of-fovenoinoqs a quahty, that if any Perfon eat thereof, he's inftantly 
 ■feiz d with an unquenchable Thirft, and dies raving mad in afliort 
 time. Ofthe many Infefts belonging to this Ifland, the Glow- 
 
 worm (term d by the Spamards Cochiniltas) is moft remarkable, and 
 that chiefly ror two littl^ Specks on his Head, which by Night give 
 fo much Light, that if a Perfon lay three or four of thofe Creature:? 
 together, he may fee to read the fmalleft Print. (4.) I„ HifpanioU 
 are Spiders, about thie Bignefs of an ordinary Hen's Egg, havinrr.Lees 
 as long as Sea-Crabs of ajniddle Sixe. They are haiff all overand 
 have four black Teeth like Rabbets, and commonly bite very fharp- 
 ly, but are not venomous. (5.) Moft remarkable of all Creatures 
 ^ this Hland, is the Cayman fcommonly reckon'd the Crocodile of 
 Hifpaniola) which being an Animal of a prodigious Bignefs, is much 
 poted for his rare Subtilty in catching his Prey ; for lying upon a 
 Rwer-fidc, he fo gathcreth his Body together, that in Form he re- 
 fembles exaaiy the large Trunk of - an old Tree.' In which Pcfture 
 he .continue?, till Cattle, or other Creatures, come to the River to 
 dn.nk, when, to their furprize, he Suddenly fprings up and afl-aults 
 thenri : And fto enhance the Wonderj this ftrange Creature is faid 
 to ufe yet a more ftrange Stratagem to effeft his End, for Travellers 
 generally affirm of hifn, That before he lays himfelf ('as aforefaid) 
 upon the River-fide, he's employ'd for feme time in fwallowtn^ 
 down feveral hundred weight of fmall Pebble-ftones ; by which ad- 
 ditional Weight of his Body, he can keep a fafterhold of his Prcv 
 and be the looner able to draw it intOj and dive with it under 
 Water. Vide late Bijiory of the Buccaneers in America Part I 
 Cap. 4. * \ 
 
 . Ircpiffjop^icfis?, &c.} Here is one Archhipoprick, viz, that of 
 bt.Dqmingo. Suftragan to whom are St.Jago in Cuba, St. John de 
 ■rort-Rico, ind Core in Terra Fir ma. 
 
 mi^ttfitU^.] Umi-e,pies, none. 
 
 HaannerjJ.] The Inhabitants of this Ifland (being moftly 
 aras, with lome FtrenchJ are the fame in Mamers with thofc on the 
 
fart II. nAmerican Jjlands, 
 
 %flnauage.l The Inhabitants of this Ifland being Sipamarit and 
 fome French (as afoiefaid) do ftill retain and ufe theit reifpeaive rou- 
 ternal Tongues. 
 
 ^Otcniment.] This Ifland being whpUy fubjca to the Crown o| 
 Spain (except the AJ^eftern Parts now p6ffdfs*d b^ the French) is hid'd 
 by a particular Governor, appointed by his Cathtilick Majefty, 
 v/hofe Powef doth extend it felf overall f he fcclongiiig ttf 
 
 Spain. 
 
 Irm^.] , . . . 
 
 fieligion.] The Inhabitants of this Ifland, vihtthtt SpamarA't tt 
 Frenchj are of the fame Religion with thofe on the old Continent. 
 
 § 6. Torto-Rico. 
 
 THis Ifland was teritt'd 5* Johannit Infula hy Columbus, at 
 •Difcovery thereof, znd Boriquen by the Natives, butnowfor- 
 to-Rico, from its chief City and Haven of that Name. The J^c^ is 
 tolerably good in many Parti, and Air abundantly temperate, vfiX(|ept 
 thofe Months immediately before and after the Summer and Winter 
 Sblftice. From hence are exported Sugar-Caines, Ginger, ^eama, 
 and good ftore of Hides. Here grow divers reparicable Trees, and 
 fome poyfonous Shrubs upon the Sea- fide. The whole IflaM belong- 
 ing to the Crown of Spain, is ruled by a particular Governorient thi- 
 ther by hisCatholick Majefty; and the ^habitants thereof .being 
 Spaniards^ are the fame in Manners^ Latigu<t^e^ and Religion^ a$ 
 elfewhere, cither upon the Old or New Contiaent. 
 
 § 7. T*^ 
 
39^ <i^f^^rican IJlands. Par^ it! 
 
 § 7. The Carihee IJlands. 
 
 fTlH? Carihees are feckon'd that goodly Company bf Iflands, begin* 
 ,X,^r\in^ at the Eaft of Porto-Rico^ and reaching Southwards aTmoft 
 %6 terra Firma. They derive their AppeJlation from the Nature of 
 their Inhabitants, who fwhen firft difcover'd ) were generally tam-. 
 halSf the Name Caribees being of the fame Importance. Taken alt 
 together, they come neareft in form to the Segment of a great .CixGle, 
 and are in number about Thirty ; the chief of which jjproceeding 
 firom North to Seuth] with their prefentPoffeffors, are as follow * 
 
 f AnguUa • -.. 1 
 
 St. Martin 
 
 SanBa Crux^ 
 
 Barhada 
 
 Stl Chrifiophers- 
 N6<ois or Mevis 
 
 Monffertat -^ i 
 '^^'^GnadaJupa-^ )? 
 
 k-Maftgalant-'^ ' 
 A^r:^ Dominica ' 
 Martinico' 
 Barbadoes-—^ 
 St. Lucia — — ~ 
 Sti^Vlncent — 
 Grenada ' ■■ ' 
 \ Tabago - — — . 
 
 o 
 
 ..Oi. 
 
 4-1 
 
 -J 
 
 "The E»^///7;, but little efteem'd. 
 The French and Dutch 
 "t^c F*^eneh. 
 
 The ^ngl'Jh, but of fmall Account. 
 Tfie Englijh i6d French I'^ p 
 
 rhe Englip.: ' , 1 
 The Eftglipi \ 
 
 The but moftly inhabited b^[r/(Ju 
 
 ^Thc French 
 \ The French. 
 I The ErfgUp and Natives. 
 J The French. 
 The fi")!^///];. 
 
 The French* ; . , ; 
 
 tbeEtiglip and Drfff^j^jefpecially the lattfef. 
 ^ The Frd>#cib. 
 L The Englip. 
 
 of all the Carlbee Iflands belonging to the Englifi, the mofl- re- 
 markable (upon feyerai Accounts^ is Barbadees. Of it therefore 
 in particular, 
 
 "BARBATyOES. 
 
 nPHis Ifland is term'd by the Spaniards^ Barbadaii 
 X Frenchy Barbade or Barboude ; by the ltaUans% 
 
 GermanSf and EngU^y Barbadoes ; but why fo call'd we can give no 
 Account, the Name being an Indian Appellation. It was difcovered 
 i(»^e Reign of King James h by Sit WfUfam Curten, driven upon 
 
 its 
 
pSart II. oAmerkan JJlands^ g99 
 
 its Coafts by Strefs of Weather. Meeting with no InfiabiUhts at his 
 Arrival, and finding the Nature of its Soil to be inviting, tht.EvgliJbi 
 upon his Return, lent fonnje Planters thither, ^ho, for want of Tradei 
 vTerereduc'd to great Extremity, tiir about the Year l627» when 
 they began to plant it to purpofe. 
 
 ' 3Cir.] The /4;>of thislfllind is very hot and moift, efpecially for 
 Eight Months, yet infbme jneafureqoahfied by cold Breezes of Wind, 
 ■which rifing with the sW' blow commonly 6dm the North Eaftby 
 Eaft unlefs there happei^ a Turnadoy znd grow firefher as the 
 mounteth up. The oppofite Place ofthe Globe to Barbadoes^ is part 
 of the Eafi-lndlan Ocean, between ii8 and 119 Degrees of Longi- 
 tude, with 1 8 and 19 Degrees of Sooth Latitude. 
 
 j|)Oil,] Thislfland frot above eight Leagues in length, andfivie 
 in breadth, where broadeftj is blefs'd with a 5tfi/wonderfiilIy fettitet. 
 Generally taken, 'tis not above One or Two Foot thick. Yet that 
 fmall Depth of Earth refembles, in a manner^ one contintledbdt Bed, 
 being almoft every where grounded with white fpongy Lime-Stohcsi 
 which retain and reflea the Solar Heat^ piercing through ^the oyiftrt 
 fpreading Mould. Whereupon the Ifland beareth Crops iall tbe Yeif 
 round, and its Trees, Plants, and Fields, appear always green-. /But 
 in this and the Ifland Jamaica, were forrnerly. Mountain CabbagCr 
 Trees of a prodigious Height. The Length of the Days and Nights 
 in Barbadoes, is the fame as in thofe Parts of 2ir«c-%i», lying, umd€> 
 thelame Parallels of Latitude. . ■ ' J ^ 
 
 ' CommoOitiesi.l The c\i\ti CommoMetoi thislfland, are Sugars^ 
 Ihdico, Cotton- W06II, Ginger, Log- Wood, Fuftick, LignHm-Vif^ 
 &>c. andthofe in foch abundance, that fome Hundred Sail of Ships 
 do Yearly receive their Loadings here. 
 
 iltacitieiS.] In the Ifland of Barhadoes are Ants of a very bi^ flzei 
 who build their Ncfts with Clay and Lome, againft the Body of a 
 Tree, or Wall of an Hoiife ; and that to the bignefs of ordinary Beei- 
 hives, andthofe divided into a great many Ceils, (z.) Herearefome 
 Snakes of a confiderable Length and Bignefs, that frequently Aide dp 
 and down the Wall ot an Houfe, and out of one Room into another, 
 withwonderful Agility of Body. (3.) The Water af that Kivulet 
 fcommonly call'd Tugh-River) hath upon its Surface in many Places 
 a certain Oily Subftance, which being carefully takefl off, and kept 
 a little time, is fit to burn in Lamps like ordinary.Oil. C4«) Here aire 
 divers large and hideous Caves (fome of which are big enough to 
 contain Five Hundred Men) and feveral remarkable Trees, particu- 
 larly the Calibajh. P^lmete. Ro^cou, and that which goes by the vulgar 
 
 Name 
 
499 i&^mencan Ifiands, p'ai-t Hi; 
 
 Name of the P^y/or-Tw. (5.) Among fome rare Infeas to be fecn 
 upon this Ifland, we may reckon ihofe fmall Flies {term'd Cayouyou) 
 inoft cbfervable, and that chiefly for their Wings, which pive a 
 mighty Luftre in the Night-time while they fly* 
 
 ^lt\)\i\\\mMi, &cO ArchbiJl}oprich , ^ mpopricksy UmverJiUes ; 
 none. . 
 
 :3itflltntt^.] The Inhabitants.of this Ifland (excJuding the Negroes) 
 beiiig mofily Englijhyizit much the farile in Behaviour Manners ofc" 
 liviag, with thofe here in 
 
 ^an0Ufl0e.] what was faSd:of the Inhabitants in refpeS of 
 rersy the fame may be afllirm'd of thera in point oY Language. As for 
 ihtN^^oes, the generaiity of thfem Tif any, cbnfidetable Tim^!;ijk|>on 
 thie Ifland) do alio underfl:and and fpeak ^^rg-///?;. : ' 
 
 ^BotJfnmenh] This ifland belonging to the Crown of is 
 Tul'd by a particular Governor appointed and fent hither by his Ma- 
 jefty the King of Great Britain, He with his Council do difcufs all 
 Matters of Importance, and thfe better to -quellany Infurre£tion that 
 may be made ( efpecially by the Slaves;' he ilill keeps a ftanding Mi- 
 litia, confining oft*?o. Regiments of Horfe, and five of Foot, always 
 an readinefs upon aCail. TheLaws by which thislfland is govern'd, 
 (except fome J, which immediately concern the Plantation^ 
 are the fame with thofe of England. The Ifland being divided into 
 four Circuits, in each of them is eftabhfli'd an inferior Court of Judi- 
 catory for hearing all manner of Civil Caufes; from which Comts 
 Appeals may be made to the Supreme Court : And for due Admini- 
 ftration of Juftice in Criminal Matters, here are yearly held Five 
 Seflions. When there appears a real Necefl[ity of making new Laws 
 (which muft never contradift thofe of England) or abrogating old 
 ones, the Governor calls an Aflembly for that end. This Aflerably 
 refemblcs in fome manner our Englip Parliament i for the Governor 
 being reckoned Supreme, thofe of his Council are as fo many Peers \ 
 and Two BurgeiTes chofen out of each Pariftj, reprefent the Body of 
 the People. 
 
 ISeHgion.j The EngUjh here refiding, make Profeflion of th6 faftie 
 Religion^ with that generally own'd, and by Law eftablifii'd in Erig- 
 land. As for the Negroe'SlaieSy their Lot hath hitherto been, and 
 Hill is, to ferve fuch Chrlftian Mailers, who fufliciently declare what 
 Zeal they have for their Converfiop, by unkindly ufing a ferious Di- 
 
Purt JI. 
 
 ^American IJUnis^ 
 
 46f- 
 
 vine fome time ago, when only propofing to endeavour the fame. 1^ 
 very fenfible of a vulgar Opinion hitherto current among our^ Engltp 
 Planters, viz. "That ^laves do ceafe to be. Slaves when once baptiz'd. But 
 liow current foever fnch an Opinion hath hitherto been, and may ftill 
 obtain with fome, 'tis but a groundlefs Imagination, a^^z vulgar 
 krror at beft. , Fer there's no Law either in the Old or New T^a* 
 ment againft Slavery in general ; nor any Inhibition of Chrifiian Slaves 
 in particular, in the whole Body of the Civil Law, fo far as I can 
 learn from thofe whofe Studies bend that way. Befides, It Oneftmus 
 was a Slave (as all agree) would not St. Vaul in his Epiftle have told 
 Philemon, That 'twas againft the Clr'ifian Law to keep fuch? But y/ft 
 i6nd, tha't the Strain ot that lipiftle runs otherwife. 
 
 § 8. The tmaye}, 
 
 TH H Luc ayes (fo call'd Frorh Lucayons, the biggeft of *em all) AtQ 
 thofe feveral Iflands lying North of Cuba ind Hi/pamola, Thef 
 belong moftly to the Spaniards, and the chief df them 
 
 /Bahama — 
 Lucayone-- 
 Cignateo^ 
 Are thofe df( Guanahani 
 Ituma — — 
 
 i ce I '. 
 
 Samana — — 
 ^Maiaguana 
 
 Neiv 'Providence j Extended from the 
 
 Elutheria I E. of Tegejla in 
 
 5/. Sahador — ? Florida , , to the 
 
 ^ No?th of Hifpa* 
 
 — — ' I niola. 
 
 Of thefe Iflands, Bahama may be feckon'd the mbfl: reniarkabl^' 
 and that chiefly for the famous rapid Channel between that Ifland 
 &nd the Main, through which the Spanijh Fleets ufually pafsin theic 
 Return from Mexico to Europe ; a Paffage equally fatal to the Spaniand^ 
 as fortunate to the En^lip : Fatal to the former for fome dreadful 
 Shipwrecks fuftain'd therein ; and fortiinaie to the latter, for vaft 
 O/antities of Plate recover'd by skilful Divers. This Ifland is alfp 
 oblervaWe for feveral uncommon Infefts found upon it, parti(:ulatli| 
 the Bahama Spider , already raention'd, Page J5U 
 
^02 Vtmerlcdn ijlands. Part II, 
 
 r:';: § 9. Thc SoMeMo. 
 
 'i^^Vi'B Sotovehfo Ijlanifsy are thofe lying along the NorthefnCoaft 
 ' X 0^ F''""*'^' They belong moftly to the Spaniards, and 
 
 receiy'd the Title Sdtdvmo {quafi fub vent'd) from them, becaufethey 
 -apbear to the Leewafd of their Fleet coming down before the Wind 
 'to enter the Gulf of 3\)iexico. The ehief of fuch Iflands 
 
 ('itrinidada — — — ■ ■ — " 
 Margarita - — -t — " 
 I'ortt^' ^ ' •' • ■ '-■ "^ • 
 Bbnayre 
 
 I Curacao-^—' 
 \,Oruba • 
 
 -TthtdatM (term'd by the Natives 5rfw/o»^jO is obfervable for be- 
 1P£ a ibted Place of Battery between the Inhabitants of New ^pain, 
 land 'thofc of Peru. And is mach frequented upon the ac- 
 
 coto of Pearl Fifhery, from whence it derives us Name. 1 he rett 
 are not of any great moment. 
 
 § 10. 'Bermudas. 
 
 ■^dWtt^'T^H I S little Clufter of Iflands (lying about five Hundred 
 ' X "Leagues Eaft of F/orii/*; is term'd by the Italians, 
 
 ^ermudit ; by the Wrench, Bermndes ; by the Spaniards, Germatis, a.ni 
 Enffim, Bermudas ; fo cali'd, frona one yohn Bermudas, ^ Spaniard, 
 ^ho ttiade the firft Difcovery of them. They are otherwife fetm d 
 the Summer IJlandsy from Sir Georp^e Summers, an Englijhman, who 
 foflfer'd Shipwreck near to them, Anno 1609. 
 
 3Cit.] The Air of thcfe Iflands is reckon'd extraordinary heahhful 
 to breathe in, the Sky being almoft always ferene and fmiling- But 
 when overcaft at any Time, then they're fure of a terrible Tempelf, 
 attended with frightful Claps of Thunder, and Flafties of Lightning. 
 So healthful are thefe Iflands to breathe in, that their Inhabitants 
 <no>vin number about four pr five Thoufand) are feldom vihted 
 'with Sicknefs, and generffBy arrive to a good old Age. The oppohte 
 
part II. aAmerican Ijlan^Si 4,6 J 
 
 Place of the Globe to Bermudas, is that part of the E ajl- India niOcCih 
 lying between 115 and 114 Degrees of 4,ongitude, with 31 «nd 33 
 pegrees of South Latitude. . ^'. i ' v. ^^ 
 
 ^OlL] The Soil of thefe Iflands has h^h hithetto recfcoii'ci vfliy 
 rich and fertile, yielding the Labourer two Crops a Year ; amd the 
 arable Ground is of fuch an excellent Mould, that it ajBfQrds.wfii^her 
 Sand, -Flints, Pebbles, n&r Stones Jo hard as are fit to grind Knives^ 
 But how rich and plentiful foever thefe Iflands have been heren^re, 
 they are now upon the declining Hand, and grow apaCe both' pooif 
 and barren. For which is commonly aflign'd a two-fold Reafon, viZ' 
 ( I.) The Fall of their Cedars^ which formerly did fhelter their Fruit 
 from hurtful Winds, whereas now they're continually blafted. (2.) A 
 certain Worm or Ant, which hps lately bred fo much among them, as 
 
 . to confume the greateft part of their Corn. The Length ©f the E)ay8. 
 ^nd Nights in Bermudas, is the fame as in the Noithmoft Paifs or 
 
 ^oridat they both lying under the fame Parallels ot Latitude. 
 
 ^\Xinit^Utit0,\The chieSCommodhUiofthckitlindsi areOtan- 
 ges, Cochineel, Tobacco, Cedar-Wood, fonie Peatls, and Amlsex- 
 gfis in confiderable Quantity, Qfc. 
 
 flacitle^.] Obfervable are thefe Iflands for flourifhing no veno- 
 mous Creature, none fuch being found upon them, nor able toliMeif 
 brought thither. Here indeed are many Spiders, but thofe no ways 
 poifonous, and very temarkable for their Webs, having the Refem- 
 blance of Raw Silk, and woven fo ftrong, that little Birds are forae- 
 times intangled in them, (i.j If Wells are dug in Bermudas above 
 the Surface bf the furrounding Ocean, the Water is fweet and frefti ; 
 but it lower, then fait or brackifii ; and all of them have fortie fen- 
 fible Flux and Reflux with the S6a. (3.) Upon the Coaft of thefe 
 Iflands is fometimes taken that remarkable Fifti, term'd the File-Fijh_i 
 being fo call'd from a part of his Back Bone, which hath the exatk 
 Refemblance of a File* 
 
 ?CccI)'bi(lb0P2ic6!S, &c.] Archbipoprkks, Bijhoprich, Vni-jeffttles \ 
 none. 
 
 lEanner^.] The inhabitants of thefe Iflands being are 
 much the fame in Manners and Way of HVing, wiltl Ehofe frere ia 
 England. 
 
 Slanguage.] What was faid of the Inhabitants of Befmtfdts ift 
 fefpe£l of Manner Si the fame may be affirmed of them in pt^int of 
 hangmge, 
 
 E e 2 #(Obenfi 
 
'^o4 ^American IJIanJs, Part 11. 
 
 ^OtJCniin«nt.j Thefe fflands being wholly fubj?a, and of right 
 belonging to the Crown of Enghnd, are rul'd by a piVrlcular Gover- 
 noj ip{S*inte4 and fent thiilier, by the King of 
 
 V njRe]^4ii;3 The R^ligim here eftablifh'd and publickly profefs'd, Is 
 \ riic iffit^itnh Siccording to the^ Reformation of the ChurCh of Evglmd* 
 
 ,'.16::.: ' , 
 
 'V § is. Terra del Fmgo. 
 
 ifm^ltii'S is a large triangular Ifland (or, as fome think, feveral) ly- 
 'i'- J[ ing on the South part of iwrnc/?, and feparated frotp the main 
 Continent by the Streightsrof Magellan. It's call'd by liie Name of 
 'UCerra del Fuogo, becaufe (it kerns) the firlt Drfcoverers thereof did 
 
 - dbretvc, fcme particular Volcauoes upon it. Our Knowledge of this 
 
 - Mand aiid itslahabitants, is, at beft, but very uncertain ; and almoft 
 e^ery new Adventurer in thefe Parts of .the World, gives us a new 
 Relation of Things. Whofoever therefore defiies a certain or fatis- 
 faaoty Account, muft defer his Enquiry to the better Difcoyery of 
 
 ( Aftei^cimes. 
 
JPart II. 
 
 A P P E N DII X. 
 
 Comprehending 
 
 A brief ACCOUNT of the Europfan 
 Plantations in [A/m^ Africhy ;and Atne-^ 
 rica : As alfo fome Keaionable Propofals 
 for the. Propagation of the Blefled 
 Gospel in ail Pagan Countries. 
 
 IN running over the various Divilions of Afia, Aftklty ^.pA Ameneay 
 I have under the Title of Go«;emOT«»f, tran(iently mehtion'd tnofe 
 principal Kingdoms or States in Europe^ who are moftly concern'd 
 in thofe Countries, but fince a more particular Account of the fame 
 is defir'd by fom?, I Iball endeavour to do it in thef^ following Lines; 
 and then, by v/ay of Gonclufion to the whole Tteatife, fhall fubjoia 
 fome Propofals for the Propagation of the Bleflfcd Gofpcjl in al| Fagan 
 Countries. To return to the firft. 
 
 The chief of the European Natioijs, who have any Footing in Afia, 
 ,4frickf and America, are thefe following, viz, 
 
 The Eiigflp, ■ - The FrenO,, 
 
 The Spaniardtf — ' The U»fc|?, 
 The Fortugueze. The DajJU,, 
 
 Of all thefei^-Odcii, v..;v >i \ 
 
 E e J M 
 
eAn Affendix^ part IT; 
 
 § I. To the EngUjh belong, 
 
 ^Fori St. George [aliter Ma4yajftp^tam\ on Coaft CormandeJ. 
 \ Bombay Caftle and Ifland, t)ft the Weft Coaft of Deean. 
 ^Caracal • ^ 
 
 il 
 
 A Trade 
 or Faao- 
 
 jri^eis it 
 
 Fvrt -Nova -•■ 
 
 Fort St. David' s- 
 Cudalor ~ 
 
 Cunnamere •• — - — ~ 
 Manyetckpatam -— 
 
 Arzapore — — - — . 
 
 FeitipcU — ■ — -~ 
 
 Maffalipdtam r^'-^ 
 ^adapoflam — — 
 Viceagirparam —*mmm~ 
 ''Bengal' — t" 
 ^kugly-~^ 
 B4Vefore'?rrr~' 
 Cajfumbezar 
 
 Maulda. 
 
 \ Daca 
 
 \Oo Coaft Cormandeh 
 
 \ In the Gulf of BengaU 
 
 ^atta Nutta. -~— - 
 
 Fattaaa — ■ — 
 
 Agi^a ~ 
 {jaMaya 
 fSiiri't-^ 
 
 hadatAdi 
 
 >In xht^MiguVt Efepire. 
 
 Baroch -— — . 
 Callicut — 
 Gitmar — - 
 
 Guff at at. -rr 
 Camba'ta — - 
 BatticuUay- 
 Dtirtiofdionam — 
 ^tftly Cherey— — 
 
 Beattaer •• ■ 
 
 Bringcffi — 
 
 iOfl the Goaift'of Malabar 
 
A Trade 
 
 Part II. Appendix, 
 
 /Mfjcat 
 
 MochU' — ■ — - - - 
 
 MackuVx ' 
 
 Shahare -- -V j„ j^.^U^^^y,^^ 
 
 Kifen— f 
 
 Doff are — — • 
 
 Ifpahan '7 
 
 Gombroon — >In Terfta. 
 
 Bajfora — 3 
 
 Smyrna in NatoHa, 
 Aleppo in Syria. 
 
 Achem u^—"^ 
 
 Indrapona — 
 
 Bengalis — 
 
 Jambee — ^ — ' 
 
 J^' or 
 
 J I Eyer Banna 
 ^y'i^ lEyerDlclien 
 ^^^''-^'iry among ^ 
 
 EppOH- 
 
 nes at 
 
 Bancoula - 
 Silabar — 
 Peque — 
 ^mnacore 
 Cudda 
 frnqtieetf 
 Canton 
 
 On the Malay Coa^. 
 
 In ChiiJa. 
 
 Emoy — 
 Hefkfieu - 
 
 "Tefiam^O' Coaft 
 
 Siam — — • 1 jn Kingdom of StArri' 
 
 Camboida «.«^« — «-' 3 
 Mindano in the Ifland Mindano. 
 Borneo in the Ifland Borneo. 
 Judda upon the Red Sea. 
 Macaffer in the Ifles Celebes, but now expcU d. 
 \Bantam in Java, till expell'd by thcP^^f^'i 
 
'408 eAn fen disc. Part 11. 
 
 ^'Tangier on the Coaft of Barbary near the Straights^ bur now 
 demoiifhed. 
 
 The Ifland of St. Helenay Weft of Ethiopia, S. Lat. i6 Degr. 
 
 f Charles Fort upon an Ifland in the River Gambia. 
 Sierra de Leon upon Eence Ifland, La't. 8 d. lo m. N. L. 
 
 Serbera'KWf.t — -?,Qn the Coaft Mai- 
 
 Druivyn—; — - ^ ; 
 
 < 
 
 A Trade 
 or Fa Se- 
 ries at 
 
 Eio ie St. A^dro ~ ' 
 
 jFeaque jfeat^ue ■ — . 
 
 C. 5^. Appolonln — r < — 
 
 Axym in Comore-Bay. 
 
 Succunde - ; " " " . ■ 
 
 Cabo Corfo^ chief of all— — 
 Frederlcksbfirg formerly Da-\ 
 nlp^ but fold to the Engllp i 
 Anntjbam unfortified 
 Attnantabott. — — — . 
 
 Aggaut of ho Defence 
 
 hoango — —I ' — ^ ( 
 
 . Makmba — ■ ■ '■ ■ ' I 
 
 \Cahr2da — i — 
 
 ffffw EngUpd— 
 
 New York—i-—~' 
 Tenjilvama— 
 
 E (Neib Jerjey 
 
 Maryland — 
 Virginia • - 
 Qarollna 
 
 Eaft.- 
 Weft. 
 
 On the Ouachita Coaft. 
 
 k On the Golden ^oaft. 
 
 .In the Kingdom of 
 - Lbango, * 
 
 Particularly mehtion- 
 ^ ed from Pagf 3 5 a, 
 to 367. 
 
 ^As alfoj, they poffefs Port Nelfon in Hudfon'sBay. 
 
Part H. 
 ( 
 
 55 
 
 Many 
 yiflands, 
 *^ particu- 
 larly 
 thole of 
 
 Some Settle- 
 menrs at 
 
 ^'Ne'W-found~land\n part, 
 Japiaua^ one of the greater Antilles,: 
 Bermudas^ lying Eaft of Florida. 
 New Province-, one of the Lucajos. 
 Long IJland, lying South of Neiv Tork. 
 AnguiUa ■ 
 Berbada 
 
 St. Chrijlopher — •; 
 
 Antego 1 • — 
 
 Mont/err at — - — — 
 
 Dominica — 
 
 St. Vincent — ' — ' 
 
 Ten of ^he 
 Iflands. 
 
 Caribe9. 
 
 Barhadoes 
 jTobago • • 
 
 {^rinam — 
 Mar one- "— 
 
 \ On the Coaft of 2crm 
 
 Firrua. 
 
 § 2. To the Spaniards belong, 
 
 S^'^il'dJno . — Csix of the miippw, 
 
 1 J^^ifi i ^"^^ moft of the reft. 
 
 S The Trade on the Weft Coaft of 4fric<?. ) 
 dThe Canary Iflands, particularly mention'd, tage 334. 
 ^ t Mexico, 
 
 NewSpainy whofe Parliaments are — < Guadalajara: 
 
 CGuatimala, 
 
 A confiderable Part of Neie Mexico, 
 
 St. Augufiin's . J j„ 
 
 5"*. Matthew s — — 5 
 
 ^ , _ „ CFanama, 
 
 ^crm Fii-wtf, whofe Parliaments are- yQranada. 
 
 feruf whofe PArliamenis are-^— 
 
 (f 9 la 
 
 Flata, 
 
 Chili. 
 
 A great part of Paraguay. 
 
 C Cuha. 
 
 Saveral Iflands, particularly thofe of ~^<Hifpamola, 
 . Ltort'Biie* 
 
 §5- 
 
410 
 
 Part II. 
 
 § 5. To the Tortu^ueze belong, 
 
 r Several Faftories in Ferjla. 
 Afierim——— ■ — 
 Ougelli 
 
 *4 
 
 ^Upon the Ganges. 
 
 3le Town\ 
 7a — — jf 
 
 Decan, 
 
 Ckofuly a confiderable Town' 
 Majfagariy a lirtle Vi] 
 Th€.Foi;ts ^Morro 
 
 of c Oaranga 
 
 ElephaT?ta Ifland, .near that of Bombay. 
 Go/?, with her FoftreiTcs and J Cor an. 
 
 adjacent Iflands — — i T)ivar. 
 
 Diu Ifland and Gf ty, near Guzarat. 
 
 M»cacoy upoi? i^e Coaft of China. 
 
 The Foit of Lar^nto^ Me f ' in the Ifland Sohr, of P/oe;. 
 
 Much of 'Timor y "one of the Molucca Ifles. 
 
 D 1 
 
 The 
 iHrkde 
 
 (LTttdC Off 
 
 Faftories 
 
 at 
 
 TCanacerin — — — < 
 
 Camhodia ' ■ 
 
 Qohnnda ._ 
 
 Agra — — ; 
 
 Amadabat-' ... 
 
 Camkafa- ^ - ■ , p ■ -i 
 — — -.'^■r — ■• 
 
 ^In Feninftil^ ItidU ex' 
 tra Gangem. 
 
 >Alfeady mentiioped. 
 
 Bar oca — '■ — — 
 
 ^Mengah'-^—r' ■■» - 
 
 'Mazagan, in the Kingdom of il^/owt/;. i i 
 Some Forts on the River S. Domingo/in .the Copntry of thQ^ilofef, 
 
 CGiiinea^ • 
 Some Forts ,wi (tl^ Coafts o?-? Congo. 
 . . . ■ ' Angola. 
 
 Th.pTtalde 'Df '-Cht E. Country from the C. GoodHope to tl\e TSfdSe.i 
 Ifles of Cape Verde, 
 The Maderas. 
 
 Several lQ&td% «i«.^St. "Thomas y Lat. 00. , 
 /. ae terainamo Foo i 
 
 In 
 
Part It j4{(endix^ 4 1 1 
 
 All the Coaft of Brafil divided into many Captainlhips. 
 EfleTO ' ' ■ '/ 
 jj^ffba — - — >Towards the Mouth of the River Amazon, 
 
 § 4. To the Trench belong, 
 
 UeHaux ? i„ jjjg Ai/o^«/'s Empire. 
 
 NewSurat S ^ 1 
 
 The Ifland of St. Maria lying South-Weft of Go^r. 
 ^ ^ . C The Kingdom of Siam. 
 
 - f Some Forts m ^^^^ jfl^^^j of 
 
 Fort Dauphin in Madagafcar. , 
 Senega (N. of Cape To'^/e) the chief Frcwfi&Faaory in 
 
 A Trade upon the Rivet ^Q^ia. 
 
 r Rujtfque near Cape Verde, 
 -As alfo at^ Great Sejlre ? ^^.^^^^ 
 
 f Montreal' " — ' "7 
 
 / The Three Rivers >In Canada, 
 
 i Quebeck — — - — — ^ 
 
 Tadonfacky and fome other Places on the River St. Laurence, 
 And great part of Nova Scotia. 
 
 Bay Flacenfa --^ 7 jijew-found-land, 
 
 Bzy Blacco — ^ i •' 
 
 Fort St- Louis in the Ifland Cayene^ lying E. of Guyana, 
 Several Forts on the Coaft of Caribana. 
 
 4 ■ f St. Bartholoifieiij. 
 
 ^ Santa Cruz. 
 
 St. Martin. 
 GtMdaloupe. 
 Le Dffiree. 
 Maria Galants. 
 
 Among 
 
 the Antih -{ Les SainUs, 
 
 t 
 
 Martinico. 
 St. Aloifia, 
 Granada. 
 Domingo in part. 
 _ Grenadint, 
 I \,La ^ortue^ 
 
 5 5*^? 
 
e/^» Affendm.' Part 11^ 
 
 ,§ 5. To thoDutcb belong 
 
 i CTuiicorltt- 
 
 Negapatam- 
 
 Karkall ^ 
 
 Fort Gelders- 
 Fellecate 
 
 »On the Coaft Corma}7de'. 
 
 Several 
 
 in \ 
 
 yava. " \- 
 
 And moft of the MdlMdcoet,'^thG:agh of Righ: *|hey 
 belong to the Englljh: 
 ^Perfia. 
 
 I The Moguts Empire. 
 Ccvmandel. , 
 
 J Malabar, s 
 Siam. 
 
 China, 
 Java. 
 Celebes. 
 Borneo, 
 
 {^Arabia, 
 
 fArguin- 
 Gora — 
 
 ^^liear Cape 
 
 Vevdi, 
 
 Many Forts in Congo. c 
 Some nea* thfe Gape of Gdod tiope. 
 St. Maurice in Madagafcdf'. 
 
 Bouirou-^ • — — 
 
 Faftories 
 viz. 
 
 Commendoy foTmet]y Ettglip — - 
 >Sf. George del Mina^ chieFof all 
 
 Maurea^ or Foit Najfaw-^ — 
 ^Cormantyn, formerly EngUp- 
 •Crevicoeur 
 
 On the GoldjeiA 
 Coaft. 
 
 C The City of Coro in the North of 'Tena Brma, 
 Some Forts on the Coafl: of Guyana. 
 
 % / Aruba — • SXhree of the Sotovento Iflands. 
 
 j Bon Airy — — ~ ■ ■■• 3 
 
 ^ f Saba — -— ?T\vo of the Qaribees TiGZt St, 
 
 \^Eufiitc}}io-r"--'^'-'* _ 3 Cruz, 
 
,r § 6. To the Danes belong, 
 
 Tn AH. T^"'^'*"^*^^*" "Ion the Coaft of CormarJel, 
 
 ^Jf'fi^Dansburg ' J 
 
 In Afric/ty is Chrljllanhurg ot SuBancifco Xavier in Guinea. 
 
 In is N"e^y Dfww/ifZ: in the North part thereof. 
 
 Thefe are the chief of the European Planrations in Afia^ Afrkk^ 
 and America : And to thefe we might have here added the late Set- 
 tlement of the Sects at Darieriy had not that unfortunate Colony met 
 with repeated difmal Difafters. Now follows the latter part of the 
 
 AppefidiXf containing 
 
 Soms ReafonMe Fkoposals foribe Propagati- 
 on of the Blejfed Gofpel in all Pagan Countries : 
 Efiecialiy tboje adjacent to the Englifli Plaatai- 
 tions in North America. 
 
 BY what hath been briefly faid in the foregoing Treatife, concem- 
 instheStateof /?e//Vf" in all Countries of the World, it may 
 fufficiently appear in general, That the Chrifiian R^ligim is of a v«iy 
 fmall F stent, if exaaiy compar'd with thofe many and wft Coun- 
 tries wholly overfpread with grofs IdoUters, numerous Mahemetam^ 
 and many others, who either know not, or leaft; own «i(»c, tire 
 filefled Mefftas. But more particularly, this great and lad Truttt 
 may farther appear by the following Calculation, mgeniouay made 
 by Tome, who dividing the inhabited World into Thirty Par;*. ^ 
 find, That 
 
 XIX /-Blind and grols Wfl/<»?erj. 
 
 II > of 'em ace poflefs'd by < Th ofe of the Gmk Church. 
 
 ( )_, ^ c -L ^ Church o{ Rome. 
 
 III ) (Tho'e o^thc^ tutefimtC^mmunm, 
 
 Thus Chripavity taken in its largeft Latitude, bears no greater Pfo- 
 bortion to the other grofly fiilfe Religions, than Five to Twenty 
 This melancholy Confideration doth force me to bewail that wot^ 
 Neglca of xhe bcft Patt of the ^kripim Ci>ifr(bt fot aot bcnag 
 
4i4 oAn Appendix » tkHi lh 
 
 diligent as others are, in-endeavouring to abolifh HeatheniO. Ido- 
 latry, and that molt larmentable Ignorance, which as yetoverfhadow- 
 th fo great a part of the inhabited World. It's undoubted^ well 
 
 e 
 
 icnownj that the efFeftual Performance of fuch a Work aV this, 
 •would require no inconfiderable Stock of Money (it being now 
 impra&icable to make folemn Miffions, or qualifie Men for them, 
 without confiderable Charges^ and yet a fufficient Fund might be 
 fo eafily rais'd, that none could reafonably Complain of the Burden, 
 fhould the following Propofals be fo happily made, as to meet witk 
 a due Reception. 
 
 " Did every Freeholder of the Three Kingdoms advance only for 
 ** One Year the Vive hundredth Part of his Yearly Incomes. Di4 
 •* thofe Merchants of this great City (who are particularly cor.cern'd 
 •* in our Foreign Plantations, and daily imploy great Mulfitu^ies of 
 •* pagan Slaves in their Service) allow the 'I'wo hundredth Fart of 
 
 One Year's Gain: And finally. Did the Clergy of the three King- 
 .** domsCwbofeZeal in fuch a Matter would probably tranfcend others) 
 •* appropriate to this pious Ufe, One hundredth Fart of their Yearly 
 
 Revenues. I fay, Did Prieft and People thu$ unanimou{Iy combine 
 
 together in carrying on this moft Chriftian Defign, what aa eafie 
 " matter were it in a fhort time, to raife fuch a Fund of Money, 
 •* that the Annual Intereft thereof might fuificiently ferve to fend 
 
 Yearly fome Pious and Able Divines into all Quarters of the 
 " World? And fince Rational Methods might be taken, to have; 
 ** feveral Pagan Tongues taught in our own Ifland, a cdnfiderable 
 " part of the aforefaid Money might be likewife employed to edii- 
 ** cate a competent Number of young Students of Theology in thefe 
 *' Foreign Languages, which Number being ftill continued, would 
 " ferve as (a choice Nurfery) to afford a conftant Supply of able 
 *' Men, who might Yearly go abroad, and be fufficiently qualified 
 " at their firft Arrival, to undertake that great Work for which they 
 ** were fent. ' 
 
 But fince the latter Part of the foregoing Propofal (which imports, 
 that Europeans might learn fome of the prefent Indian Languages^ 
 dothfeem imprafliicable to feveral, by reafon of the prodigious mul- 
 titude of thofe Pagan Tongues, and their vaft Variety of quite diffe- 
 rent Dialefts fefpecially thofe now ifi ufe among the unciviliz'd Na- 
 tives of North America) ; Then we piay follow the Example of -the 
 ** Ancient Romans, whofe Endeavour and Intereft it was to extend 
 *' their own Language with their Conqueft ; and fo.extinguiflj> in 
 •* procefs of Time, the very DialeS of ihe Conquered. , Did we this 
 
 in all Parts of our Weftern Empire Cvbich tpight probably be 
 ** accompli fh'd in a, few GenetatiCas, 1:^ duly encouraging fome 
 
Pkvk It Afpendtx, 4V5 
 
 «' Hundreds of Chriftians to live among the Natives, and tbofe to 
 « endeavour in the moft alluring manner to inftrud t4ie younger jort 
 
 of the Mam in the Tongue.] Then in the next or iol- 
 
 " lowine Age we might addrefs ouMelves to thofe blind Gentilej \n 
 ■« our o5n Language, and fo inftllling in them by degrees, the Pnft- 
 
 tiplesof Chrrffianity, might thereby, in a ftiort time, bring in ma- 
 '« nv Thoufands of Souls to the Sheepfold of the Paftor and Bifliop 
 « 'of our Souls." 1 think it needlefs to expefs how commendabte 
 fiich a Defign would be in it felf j and how defirabla.the Promotion 
 thereof Ihould be to all who ftile themfelves a»-i/?;tfw/, of what Pat- 
 ty or Profefficn foever tbfey are. And I humbly fuppofe it might 
 be a Work rif unanimouHy minded by Chriftiansj more becoming 
 the Followers of the Prince of Peace, than to be Abettors of the 
 frequent Jiirs and Broils oF Chnpndom. Befides, there s certainly 
 nothing that could prove more beneficial to the pubhck Good of 
 this Nation, and particular Intereft of the Crown of fi^^Z/JWii; for did 
 moft (or many) of the Natives underftand or fpeak our owh Language, 
 then might we not thereby more exadly difcover the inland Parts 
 of thefe Countries, and with greater Security improve them to the 
 greateft Advantage ? Might we not thereby make Multitudes of idle, 
 wandring Indians very ufefiil to our EngUJh Colonies; and then chief* 
 ly ettiploy Europeans for the Guard and Safety of -the Cowitxy; Yea, 
 did many of the Natives but tolerably underftand arid fpeak the 
 Tongue, then might we not (in all human Appearance.; cm- 
 liie them entirely in a fhort time, and fo add many Thoufands of 
 tit\v -Eyi^lijh Subjeas to the Enghjl) Empire ? All which are morally 
 ihipoffible now to be done, flnce the numerous Dialers of their bar- 
 barous Jargon^ together with their own Barbarity, are as fo many 
 Bars againft fuch Undertakings. 
 
 Great Sirs. . _ 
 
 Pardon thefe Proposals here ofFer'd to the feriousConfideration ot 
 thofe whom they chiefly concern ; and give me leave to declare un- 
 to you, how infinitely it would tend to the Glory of God, the Good 
 of his Church, and Honour of our Nation, did we fmcerely endea- 
 vour to extend the Limits of our Saviour's Kingdom, with thofe of 
 our new Dominions; and to fpread the true Reformed Religion^ JAS far 
 as the Englif} Saiis have done far Tfaffick. With what An-xitty ot 
 Mind, and Fatigue of Body, do we pierce into the rcmoteft Coun- 
 tries of the World ] And all to heap up 3 litrje White and Telloio 
 Earth, or to purchafe fome Things ( call'd Frecious by Manj which 
 [abftraaing human Fancy] do differ nothing from common Febble- 
 Stanes\ and yet what a fupine Neglc£t doth attend us, in doing that 
 which would bring more Honour to our Holy Religion, and. prove 
 at laft more profits bfe so our fdves,' than the aftua) Poffcffion ct all 
 
4i6 
 
 Part II'. 
 
 the freafures ih the Univerfe ! What a lamentdble Thing is it, that 
 thofe very Indians v^ho border upon the Englijh Pale (not to mention 
 feme thoufands of Negroes who flave in our Service) fhould ftill con- 
 tinue in moft wretched Ignorance, and inftea-d of knowing and wor- 
 Ihipping the True God, fhoiild as yet reverence not, only Stocks and 
 Stones, but alfo adore theDm'? himfelf! Chriflians! Shall ^^e covet \ 
 and thirft after their Talentf of Gold, and yet keep hid in a Napkin 
 that Talent intrufted to us? Shall we greedily bereave them of their 
 irecious 'Pearls, anA not declare unto them the Knowledge of the 
 tearlof Price? No ! No ! Let us not aft as others have done, in ma- 
 king GoW our God, and Gain the fole Defign of onr Trading. But I 
 let us rffeftually improve thofe choice Opportunities (now in our I 
 Hands ) for the fingular Glory of our Great God, and of Jefus Chifi 1 
 our BlefTed Redeemer. And let our Planters duly confider, That to I 
 extirpate Natives, is rather a fupplanting than planting a new Colo- 
 ny ; and that it's far more honourable to overcome Paganifm in one, 
 than to deftroy a thoufand Pagans. Each Convert is a Conqueji. 
 
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