A N HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE CURIOSITIES O F London and Westminster* In Three Parts. PART I. Contains a full Defcription of the Tower of London* and every Thing curious in and belonging to it. PART II. Contains the Hiftory of Westminster-Abbey* from its Foundation to the prefent Time $ with its An« tiquities* Tombs* and Infcriptions, PART III. Treats of the Old Cathedral of St, Paul’s and the N E w 5 together with a full Account of the Monument* London - Stone* the City - Wall* Gates* and other antique Remains. LONDON: Printed for J. Newbery, at the Bible and Sun in St* Paul's Church-Yard* MDCCLX. Price Two Shillings and Sixpence bound# V Z U 0 0 0 A T / v t » -rr j. ^71. 0 T CT T ' VJ- i L Ju 'i o A ‘ - V * o ■-*>* - - - ’Xjt -* - . i.. Vj 1 » \ r- A ^ * .3 ' •' f "* * "■ T ; P- ■ ? a, i - U % ■ . 1 V i " r r\ f. a ^ i£ . Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 r * https://archive.org/details/historicalaccoun.OOhenr ' A N" C* ' <£.;Uc • 2 * ^-’/f^^. HISTORICAL description ///£ O F T H E TOWER of LONDON AND ITS CURIOSITIES. Giving an Account 4 S, Of its Foundation, gradual Encreafe, and prefent State, 2. Of itsGovernment,Cu(loms, and Privileges. 3. Of its Antiquities, Records, and Curiofities* 4. Of the Lions and other wild Beads kept there ; their Na- ture and Properties. 5. Of the Spoils of the Spanijh Armada ; with the Hiflory cf the SpajuJh Invalion in 1588. 6. Of the Small Armory ; in which, at one View, Imy he feen, Arms for 80,000 Men. 7 « Of the Royal Train of Ar- tillery; comprehending the various Engines of Deltruftir on ufed in War. 8* Of the Hotie Armory; with curious Anecdotes relating to the Kings that fit there on Horleback in full Armour, from Wiliam the Conqueror, to the late King George „ 9» Of the Jewel- Office, and the Regalia, ufed at the Corona- tion of our Kings 5 and the Story of Col .Blood's attempt- ing to fteai away the Crown. 10* Of theMint, and the Man- ner of damping Money. Written chiefly to direClihe Attention of Spectators to what is mofl curious in this Repo/ttory 5 and to ena- ble them afterwards to relate what they have feen . LONDON: Printed for J. Newbery, at the Bible and Sun in St, Paul's Church-Yard. Price Six-pence. M DCC. LXII, Prices of feeing the Curiosities* Lions, each Perfon, — Six-Pence. Foot- Armory, — — Three-Pence# Train of Artillery, — Two-Pence. Horfe-Armory, — — Three-Pence. Spanijh Armory, — Two-Pence Regalia, in Company, each Perfon, One Shilling. •— — — -Single, One Shilling and Six-pence. N. B. But if a fingle Perfon is (hewn the Foot- Armory, Train of Artillery, Horfe-Armory, and Spanijh Armory, he pays for each douMe the Price above-mentioned. THE » - £ t X P R E F A C E. GTT H E Deftre of feeing the Antiquities and Ret* J ritles of our Country is allowed by all to be a laudable Curiofity ; to point them out therefore to the Inquifitive, and to direfl their Attention to thofe Things that bejl deferve Notice , cannot be de~ nied its Degree of Merit . The Tower of London, for ihe antique Re- mains that are there treafured up, has been, for many Ages pajl , the common Refort of Foreigners , a* well as Natives ; but it is a general Complaint , that the Mind , being crowded with too many Objects at once , cannot dijlinguijh , amidjl fo great a Variety , what is worthy to be dwelt upon , and what is not ; and the Hurry with which Strangers are conducted by their Guides from one Thing to another , occafloned by the Numbers that are hourly flocking thither to be entertained , has afforded Matter ofl Diflgujl to ma- ny* To remove this Complaint therefore * and to en- able every Perfon to direil hi mfelf in the Choice of his Objects, this little Book is now offered to the Public ; which , in other Refpedts Hkewife , will not wholly be without its Ufe ; for by comparing , as the Reader here has an Opportunity of doing , the ira * diiional Stories of the Guides , with the hijlorical Faffs to which they relate , he will be naturally led to imprint this ufeful Obfervation Jlrongly in his Mind, how little he ought to trufi to Memory in Things that are of Importance enough to be believed, and A % how iv The PREFACE. how careful to commit to Writing all his Con- cerns that on any future Occafion he would wifti to remember. It were impertinent to trouble the Reader with a longer Preface on a Subje£l y that , to fome y may ap- pear immaterial ; I Jhall conclude therefore , with ob- ferving that Pains has been taken to examine every PaH y to which the Traditions at the Tower have any Allufion \ to illiterate them where they are obfcure ; to fupply them where they are defective , and to cor- rect them where they are erroneous , And befides y we have introduced Anecdotes pertinent to the Subjett ? wherever Opportunity offered , in order to render the whole entertaining as well as ufefuU A N Historical ACCOUNT OF THE T OWER of LONDO N. p-TJ— \H E Foundation of the Tower of Lon* don , according to the moll authentic records, was marked out, and that part of the building called the White Tower erected by William the Conqueror, in the year 1076, with a view, no doubt, to fecure to him- felf and his followers a fafe retreat, in cafe of any furprize from the Englijb , while he was employed in fettling the government of his new conquefts. That this was the defign of railing it, appears from its fituation, its extent, and its communication with the river Tha?nes , from whence it might be fupplied with all kinds of fuccours of men, provi- fions, and military ftores. But how it could com- mand the city, the bridge, and the river, fo early as William the Conqueror's time, before the ufe of guns, as Mr. Guthrie has averted, I muft own I cannot comprehend. And I believe, whoever views it attentively, even in its prefent circumftances, will agree with me, that it was rather planned for a place of defence than offence. But to return. The death of the Conqueror in 1088, about eight years after this fortrefs was begun, put a flop to the progrefs of the work for a while, and left the A 3 com- 6 Of the Tower of Lond6k, completion of it to that great genius in geometrical jknowledge IViUiam Rufus , fon to William the Conqueror, who in 1098 furrounded it with walls, and fortified it with a broad and deep ditch : Since his time indeed the number of buildings within the walls has been gradually and greatly increafed, fo that it feems now rather a town than a fortrefs. It fiiould be remarked, that this laft mentioned monarch built Wejlmlnjler- Hall alfo, at that time the admiration of all Europe , The Tower is perhaps the beft chofen fituation for fuch a fortrefs of any in the world. It lies to the ealtward of London , near enough to cover that opulent city from invaiion by water, being 800 yards only from the bridge ; and to the north of the river Thames , from which it is parted by a nar- row ditch, and a convenient wharf, to which it has a communication by a drawbridge, for the readier iffiiing and receiving ammunition, and naval or military (lores. On this wharf there is lately made a Jong and beautiful platform, on which are planted 61 pieces of cannon, mounted on new and very elegant iron carriages. The pieces of ordnance are chiefly ufed to fire on days of (fate, or to promulgate any joyful news to the publick* parallel to the wharf, within the walls, is a platform 70 yards in length, called the Ladies Line , becaufe much frequented by the ladies in the fa miner, as within it is fhaded with a lofty row of trees, and without it is a delightful prof- pe£t of the (hipping,' with boats palling and repafiing on the river Thames . You afcend this line by (lone fteps, and being once upon it you may walk almoft round the walls of the Tower without interruption, and in your courfe will pafs three batteries, the firft called the Devil's Battery ^ where and its Curiosities* f where is alfo a platform on which are mounted feven pieces of cannon, tho* on the battery it- felf are only five ; the next is called the Storn Battery , and is defended by eight pieces of cannon ; and the third and laft is called the Wooden Battery , mounted with fix pieces of cannon ; all thefe are nine pounders. The principal entrance into the Tower is by a gate to the weft, large enough to admit coaches and heavy- carriages ; but thefe are firft admitted through an outer gate, and muft pafs a ftout ftone bridge, built over the ditch, before they can ap- proach the main entrance, There is befides an entrance for perfons on foot, over the drawbridge already mentioned, to the wharf, which wharf is only divided from the main land by gates at each end, open’d every day at a certain hour for the convenience of a free intercourfe between the re- fpecftive inhabitants of the Tower, the city, and its fuburbs. There is alfo a Watergate, commonly called Traitor s Gate , thro’ which it has been cuf- tomary to convey traitors," and other ftate prifo- ners, to or from the Tower, perhaps for greater privacy, and which is feldom opened on any other occafion ; but the Lords committed to the Tower on account of the late rebellion were publickly admitted at the main entrance. Over this gate is a regular buildings terminated at each end by two baftions, or -round towers, on which are em- brace res for pointing cannon, but there are at prelent none mounted. In this building there are the infirmary, the mill, and waterworks that fupply the Tower with water. Great ceremony is ufed at opening and fhutting the principal gate night and morning. A little before fix in the morning in fummer, and as loon A 4 as t Of the Tow£& tf London, as well light in the winter, the yeoman porter goes to the governor’s houfe for the keys, from whence he proceeds to the innermoft gate, attended by a ferjeant and fix men of the main guard ; this gate being opened to let them pafs, is again Qiut, while the yeoman porter and the guard proceed to open the three outermoft gates, at each of which the guards reft their firelocks, as do the fpur-guard while the keys pafs and repafs. Upon the yeoman porter’s return to the innermoft gate, he calls to the warders in waiting, to take in King George's keys ; upon which the gate is opened and the keys lodged in the warders hall till the time of locking, which is ufiially about ten or eleven at night, with the fame formality as when opened. After they are (hut, the yeoman and guard proceed to the main guard, who are all under arms with the officers upon duty at their head. The ufual challenge from the main guard to the yeoman porter is. Who comes there ? His anfwer is, "The keys . The challenger fays, Pafs Keys ; upon which the officer orders the guard to reft their firelocks ; the yeoman porter then fays, God five King George. Amen , is loudly anfwered by all the guard. From the main guard the yeo- man porter with his guard proceeds to the gover- nor’s, where the keys are left; after which no per- fon can go out or come in upon any pretence what- foever till next morning, without the watch-word for the night, which is kept fo fecret, that none but the proper officers and the ferjeant upon guard, ever come to the knowledge of it; for it is the fame on the fame night in every fortified place throughout the king’s dominions. When that is given by any ftranger, to the centinel at the fpur-guard (or outer gate) he commuuicates it to his ferjeant, who palles it to the next on duty* and and its Curiosities. 9 fo on till it comes to the governor, or commanding officer, by whom the keys are delivered to the yeo- man porter, who, attends as before ; the main guard being put under arms, brings them to the outer gate, where the ftranger is admitted, and conducted to the commandant. Having made known his bufmefs, he is conduced to the outer gate, di ('miffed, the gate fhut, and the keys re- delivered with all the formality as at firft. The principal officers to whom the government and care of the Tower is commited, are firil, the Conjiableof the "Tower , who is ufually of the higheft quality, as his poll at all coronations and other ftate ceremonies is of the utmoft importance, having the crown and other regalia in his cuiTody. He hath under him a lieutenant, and a deputy-lieutenant, commonly called governor, whole offices are like- wile of great dignity ; a tower-major, gentleman porter, yeoman porter, gentleman-goaler, four quarter gunners, and forty warders, whafe uniform is the fame with the king’s yeomen of the guard: Upon their heads they wear round flat-crowned caps, tied round with bands of party coloured rib- bands: Their coats are of a particular make, but very becoming, with large lleeves, and flowing fkirts, and are of fine fcarlet cloath, laced round the edges and feams with feveral rows of gold lace, and girt round their waiib with a broad laced gir- dle. Upon their breafis and backs they wear the king’s filver badge, reprefenting the thiftle and rofe, on which are the letters G, R. in capitals. Befides thefe and other inferior domeftic officers, if I may be allowed to call them fo, there is always a battalion of foot guards on duty quartered in bar- racks, which have been lately rebuilt. The prin- cipal buildings within the walls are the church, the A 5 white Of the Tower of London, whiteTower,the offices of ordnance, of the mint, of the keepers of the records, the jewel- office, the, horfe-armory, the grand ftore-houfe, the new or finall armory, handfome houfes for the chief offi- cers refiding in the Tower, with many leffer houfes, for the meaner officers, and barracks for foldiers on duty, befides prifons for ftate-delin- quents, which are commonly the warders houfe. The Church has nothing extraordinary belong- ing to it. The White Tower is a large fquare irregular building, fituated almoft in the center, no one fide anfwering to another, nor are any of its watch towers, of which there are four that ornament the top, built alike : one of thefe towers is now converted into an obfervatory, and indeed feems well fituated for the purpofe. The building itfelf confifts of three very lofty ftories, under which are moft fpacious and com- modious vaults, chiefly filled with falt-petre. It is covered at top with flat leads, from whence there is an extenfive and delightful profpeft. In the firft ftory are two noble rooms, one of which is a finall armory for the fea-fervice, having various forts of arms very curioufly laid up in it, for more than 10,000 feamen. In the other room are clofets and prefles in abundance, all fill’d with warlike tools and inftruments of death without number. Over thefe are two other floors, one fil- led principally with arms ; the other with arms and armourers tools ; fuch as cheveaux de frize, pick- axes, fpades and Ihovels. — In the upper ftory is kept match, Iheeps fkins, tann’d hides, &c. And in a little room fome records, containing perhaps the antient ufages and privileges of the place. In ' this tower are likewife kept models of the new invented and its CumosiTiES* if invented engines of deftru&ion, that have from time to time been prefented to the government. On the top of this Tower is a large ciflern or re- fervoir for fupplyingthe whole garrifon with water in cafe of need ; it is about feven feet deep, nine in breadth, and about fixty in length, and is filled from the Thames by means of an engine very ingenioufly contrived for that purpofe, of which we have already fpoken. The Office of Ordnance is kept in Cold Har- bor ; to which office all other offices for fupplying artillery, arms, ammunition, or other warlike ftore$ to any part of his majefty’s dominions, are account- able i from which office all orders for the difpofi-- tion of warlike materials for every kind of fervice are iffued. The Mint is alfo a feparate divifion, which com- prehends near one third of the Tower, and con- tains houfes for all the officers belonging to the coinage. The office of Keeper of the Records is oppofite the platform already defcribed. It has lately been adorned with a fine carved ftone door-cafe at the entrance, and finely wainfcotted within. All the rolls from King John to the beginning of the reign of Richard III. are repofited in 56 wainfcot prefles in this office ; thofe fmce that time are kept at the Rolls in Chancery Lane. The rolls and records kept in the Tower contain the antient tenures of all the lands in England , with a furvey of the manors ; the originals of all laws and ftatutes ; the rights of England to the dominion of the Eritijb feas 5 leagues and treaties with foreign princes; the achievements of England in foreign wars ; antient grants of our kings to their fubje<5ts ; the forms of Submiffionof the Scottijb kings ; writs and proceedings of the A 6 courts 12 Of the Tower of London, courts of common law and equity ; the fettlemeni of Ireland as to law and dominion ; privileges and -immunities granted to all cities and corporations during the period before-mentioned; with many -Other important records ; all regularly difpofed by the diligence of Sir William Dugdale , and others tinder his direction, and properly referred to in near a thoufand folio indexes. A fearch here is half a guinea, for which you may perufe any one fubje£t a year. In the months of December , *Janu~ ary, and February , this office is open only fix hours a day, but all the reft of the year eight. The Jewel-Office is a dark ftrong ftone room, about twenty yards to the eaftward of the grand ftore-houfe. The regalia kept in this office will be Ipoken of when we come to treat of the curiofities. The Horfe-Armory is a little eaftward of the White Tower. It is a plain brick building, rather convenient than elegant. Its contents are likewife among the curiofities commonly ftiewn at the Tower; and will be diftin&l'y defcribed hereafter. The grand ftore-houfe is a noble building to the northward of the White Tower, and extends- In length 245 feet, in breadth 60. It was begun by YL. James II. and by that prince built to thefirft floor, but finifhed by K. William , who ere&ed that magnificent room called the New or Small Armo- ry^ in which he, with Queen Mary his confort, di- ned in great form, having all the warrant work- men and labourers to attend them, dreffed in white gloves and aprons, the ufual badges of the order of free-mafonrv. This noble ftrucfture is of brick and ftone, and on the north fide is attately door- cafe adorned with four columns, an entablature, and triangular pediment of the Dortch order. Under the and its Curiosities, 13 the pediment are the king’s arms, with enrich- ments of trophy work very ornamental. The other buildings within the Tower having nothing remarkable, we fhall proceed to the de- fer: pt ion of thofe curiofities that are ufually fhewn to Grangers. Of the Lions and other Wild Beajls in the Tower. T H E firft thing a ftranger ufually goes to fee, whole curiofity leads him to view the rarities in this place, is the wild beads, as by their fitu- ation they firft prefent themfelves; for when you have entered the outer-gate, and pafi'ed what is called the fpur-guard, you will fee the keeper’s houfejuft before you, which ydu will know by the figure of a lion being placed againft the wall 5 and over the door where you are to enter is ano- ther figure of a lion ; there you ring, and for fix- pence each perfon, you will prefently gain ad- mittance, and be fhewn fuch a noble colleftion of wild creatures, as is worth any perfon’s while to fpend a few minutes in admiring. At your entrance you are carried into a range of dens in the form of a half moon, moftof them inhabited by lions and lioneffes of different ages and different countries. The firft they fhew you is a young he-lion named Marco, which was prefented to his ma- jefty by his royal highnefs the duke of Cumber- land, he is ftill very favage, and no art of the keepers can tame him. This den was formerly occupied by a lionefs, who lived above 40 years in the Tower, and bred feveral times, to the no fmall fatisfaeftion of her keepers, — — She was the oldeft that ever was i4 Of the Tower of London*, was known here, tho’ it is more than 500 years fince thefe fort of beads firfl began to be kept in this place. Of her whelps Nero lived to the age of ten, and died about fix years ago, and Nancy lived to the age of twenty. Thefe were both brought up in the Tower, with great care and expence ; for hardly any creature is more tender when young than a lion’s whelp, notwithflanding the great ftrength of thofe animals when grown to maturity. In this country they would infallibly perifh, if they were not immedi- ately taken from their dams as foon as whelped ; and it is remarkable that in Barhary , where they are a part of the wild inhabitants of the woods and forefts, many of them die in breeding their teeth, in ffrong convulfions. Thofe nurfed in the Tower were kept twelve months in a warm room, and fed moftly with milk-diet before they were put into dens ; they were as gentle as lambs when a- bout five or fix weeks old, but it was obferved their favage nature increafed as they grew up. .An anonymous author gives this account of Ne- ro ^ “ That when he was two years old he was 44 indeed a very beautiful creature, and exceed- 44 ingly well educated ; for, fays he, upon my 46 expreffing a defire of vifiting his lodgings, at a 44 word*s fpeaking he marched down with great 44 condefcenfion from his upper into his lower a- 44 partment, and gave me the opportunity of en- 44 tering his den.$ where having fatisfied my cu- 44 riofity in viewing his dining-room, kitchen, and 44 bed-chamber, his manner of living, particular 44 ceremonies in eating, drinking, &c. at my de- 44 parture from thence he would fain have taken 44 me by the hand, but our acquaintance being 44 but {lender^ I declined accepting fo great a mark 44 of and its Curiosities. 15 of his friendfhip, till I had known him better. 44 Upon the keeper’s putting into his den a piece 46 of lights, he feemingly took very little notice ** of it, but couched down on his belly, with his 44 fore-feet out like a cat that is going to leap at 44 a moufe, and in an inftantgave a fudden fpring 44 from the fartheft fide of the den, and feized it 44 with amazing fiercenefs.” Nancy , itfeems, was more fhy; fhe would admit of no familiarity with ftrangers ; and was looked upon as the fierceft beaft in the Tower. The next den is inhabited by matter Dunco, a young he-lion, and mifs Groggery, a fine young tygrefs, which were prefented to his majefty by lord jinfon. Tho’ thefe creatures are full grown , they live together in the moft perfect amity and friendfhip ; and the king of beafts permits his fair partner, to (hare with him his empire without controul. This lion is fo perfectly tame and good-natur- ed, that he will fuffer his keepers to do any thing with him; and there is one circumftance, refpedt- ing his behaviour, which I mutt relate, as in ten- dernefs he feems to have foared above human na- ture, and to have fet the friendfhip of men (at leaft of fome men) at a diftance. When Dunco was in the den alone, an acci- dent happened to the lower part of it, which fo impaired the wood-work that he could not be kept with fafety ; the carpenter was therefore called to mend it, who wifely flood at a diftance* and could not approach the den for fear of the lion. Upon this one of the keepers ftepped into the den, and agreed to keep Dunco in the upper parts of his houfe, while the carpenter was at work beneath. It happened, however, that the keeper. Of the Tower of London, keeper, after playing fome time with the lion, fell faft afieep. The carpenter continued his work, without knowing to what danger he was expofed, and when he had done called the keeper to come down and Taften the door ; but, receiving no an- fwer, he ran out of the den, and was greatly fur- prized to fee, through the grate, both the keeper and the lion ftretched upon the door and deeping together. He again called William , but William was too fad: to make any anfwer; however, the lion reared up his great head, and, after looking at the carpenter fame time, threw his great paw over William' s bread:, and laying his nofe upon the keeper’s head again compofed himfelf. The carpenter, already terrified with his own fituation, was ftill more alarmed when he faw his friend thus incircled with the paws of the lion ; and ran into the houfe for aid. Some of the people came out, and, having bolted the den-door, which the carpenter had neglected in his precipitate retreat, they roufed William , who fhaking the lion by the paw took hi: leave ; but Du co was too well-bred to fufter his friend to go without fome little cere- mony, or marks of efteem ; he firft rubbed his great nofe againft the keeper’s knees, then held him by the coat, as if he wo Id have faid. Do fay a little longer , and when he found no entreaties could prevail on William to take t’other knap, he courteoudy waited on him to the door. It is an old maxim, that evil communication cor- rupts good manners ; and, as a companion to this adage, we may adfert, that good company and kind treatment will tame ihemojl Javage animals. 'W z have an inftance of this, in the courteous behaviour of mifs G raggery 9 who is altogether as kind and fa- miliar ash$r companion, and, though a tygrefs, difcovers and Its Curiosities, difcovers no marks of ferocity. — -But, notwith- /landing the polite and friendly behaviour of thefe beautiful creatures, I would not advife my friends to be too great with them ; for, like other couples, they may fometimes happen to be out of temper. The tyger is in fhape not much unlike a cat, on- ly much larger, and when wild is prodigious fierce and ravenous. It lurks in the woods, andfeizes its prey by a fudden fpring. Men, in traverfing the woods, are frequently furprized by this animal. Tygers are finely fpotted ; they are of ayellowifh colour, and their fpots black ; they are very play- ful, and leap a prodigious height, when they are playing their gambols. In the third den, you are feewn madam Zara, z lionefs brought from the dey of Algiers , as apre- fent to his majefty, by commodore Keppel , when he went to that prince, fome years ago, to fettle the peace, and ranfom the Englijh prifoners. In the fame den with her are matter Pompey, andmifs Dido her foil and daughter. Thefe fee brought forth in the Tower, about two years ago, and is ftill fo tenderly fond of them, that fee will not eat any meat till they have done, tho’ they a e grown almoft as large as herfelf. They are all three re- markably tame, and fond of their keepers. In the next den reigns alone Ciss.AR, a mighty lion born in Barbary , and preferred by the dey of Algiers to his majefty. He was brought over with Tjara by commodore Keppel > and has the honour to be father to Pompey and Dido. He may be a good father, but we cannot allow him to be a good companion, for he is both faucy and furly; and therefore we would advife none of our friends to take him by the tooth. Ia %B Of the Tower ^London, In the laft den of this yard may be feen by the fops mifsKiTTY,a tygrefs of whom we can fay but little, as no coxcomb has yet condefcended to write her memoirs. All that we know of her is, that fhe is a pretty lafs, but fomewhat referved, and was brought over by the Algerine ambaffador. From this range of dens, you are carried into the next yard, and (hewn : i .MifsF ann y, a beautiful young lionefs, brought from Bombay by captain Webb , and preiented to his prefent majefty. This is a comely lafs, and good tempered, but fee is fomewhat lame, occa- fioned by her paws being feared, when young,with a red hot iron by the negro who took her, which was done, we are told, to make her tame ; and tame fee is, indeed more fo than many of the hu- man race ! Shew me a man, or if you pleafe a woman, who would Hand Hill, and without re- finance fiiffer their mouths to be opened, and a dofe of nafly phyfick thrufi down their throats ? yet Fanny fuffered this and more patiently ; for feme time ago, when fee feemed indifpofed, and refilled to eat her meat, the two keepers com- menced dodlors, and having prepared a drink for her, one opened her jaws with his hands, while - the other poured it down her throat, and this dofe they repeated four different times, without any other oppofition from the good natured crea- ture than a lour look, and a growl of difappro- bation. In the fecondden is mifs Cath along, a young lionefs, brought from the dey of Algiers , and pre- fented to his prefent majeity by the Algerine am- baffador. The third den h occupied by mifs Nancy, a ty- grefs, a prefent alfo from the dey of Algiers , and was and its Curiosities. 19 was presented to his preient majefty by the Alge* rim ambaflador. In the next den, you are (hewn Nero, the em- peror, the largeft and oldeft lion in the Tower, being fixty-feven years old. He was brought from the river Gambia in Africa , and is of a noble and majeftic appearance. His looks ftrike the floated beholder with aftonifhing aw e. His head is large* being covered with a long dragged mane that reaches to his (houlders, and, in my opinion, adds rather to the terror than majefty of his countenance* for his eyes being very fiery and far fet into his head, and darting as it were a kind of red flame, thro 9 his long, fhaggy, and dishevelled hair, excites fuch an idea of fiercenefs, as cannot fubfift in the mind unaccompanied with fear ; nor do I conceive -it poftible for human courage to encounter a creature of fuch a dreadful afpe£t, without the intervention of fome lucky circumftance, notwithftanding the ftories that have been told of men killing lions in equal combat. His mouth opens wide, and aifco- vers a frightful fet of teeth; and when be roars (which he generally does if not difturbed or inter- rupted by company) about five in the evening, he may be heard at a great defiance; indeed his / .ice is faid to be fo terrible, when wild in the for ft, that all creatures that hear it tremble The lion we are fpeaking of, if l do not mi ft a ke in deferibing him, is a kind of yellowiih crearn -co- lour, about four feet high, his body fmali in pro - portion to his head, but his legs have the appear- ance of amazing ftrength ; his large mufcles being very vifible through the (kin that covers them. The bone of his fore-leg feems to be about -the-bignefs of a man’s wrift, and his fore -feet are armed with five prodigious claws, (heathed like thofe of a cat, with Of the Tower of London, with which he feizes his prey like that animal ; his hinder feet* with only four. This poor crea- ture had his fhouider flipped by an accident which makes him go lame, and feemingly in pain ; yet he appears to be very gentle and tradable to his feeder, and will lie down to let him play with him like a fpaniel, but I would advife no ftranger to~be fo familiar with thefe beafts ; for there are fome whofe countenances they do not like at firft fight, and therefore when they have conceived a difguft, it would be dangerous to come within their reach ; and yet I have heard of men that have been fo fool hardy when they have been to fee this ftately creature as to pluck a lock out of his mane. It is reported, that a fpaniel dog being once thrown into a former lion’s den in the Tower, in- ftead of hurting it, the lion cherifhed it, and con- tracted fuch a fondnefs for it, that he would never fuffer it to be taken out again, but fed it at his table till it died, which was not till feveral years after. The next den is inhabited by a leopard and leopardefs, two beautiful creatures, fent to his prefent majefty by the dey of Algiers , and pre- sented by the late Algerine ambafiador. Y^u are next ftiewn a young he-leopard, nam- ed, Sir Robert, which was brought from Tripoly by captain Birch , and prefented to the late king. This is a moft beautiful creative of a fhining yel-* low colour intermixed with bright fpots. In the next den is mifs Lucy, a panther, from Buenos Ayres . She is a moft beautiful creature, her coat being of a Alining yellow colour, deco- rated with great variety of round black fpots, each inclofed in a compartment of an hexagonal form. Though mifs Lucy is fo pretty in appear- ance, and its Curiosities, 2T ance, (he has fome fly, mifchievous tricks. She is furly even to the keepers, and very lately tore a woman’s arm in a terrible manner, who at- tempted to be familiar with her. This we thought proper to mention as a caution to others. You are next fhewn mifs Eleanor, a young lionefs, from the coaftof Baraary , which is very tame, and full of play. This creature is efteemecj. very beautiful, her coat being of a cream colour with brown fpots. She was prefen ted to her pre- fent majefty by the earl of Bute , You are next fliewn a large wolf from Saxony 9 in form not unlike a dog of a mixed breed, Thefe are ravenous creatures, which inhabit theimmenfe forefts in Germany and other parts, and are a ter- ror to men and cattle. In the feverefeafon of the year, when the frofts and fnows have locked up every kind of vegetable, thefe creatures come from the woods, and fall ravenoufly upon every Jiving thing they meet. Children have been torn from the breafts of their mothers by them upon the road ; and they have even entered houfes in queft of their prey. The next curiofity you are fhewn is a black bear, brought from New York by captain Lee , and pre- fented to the duke of York^ who gave it to his majefty. This creature is docile, and will open the door of his den, and do feveral other feats at the word of command, but he is not fo droll and dexterous as the Maryland bear which died fome time ago, for that creature would fhew you the humours of the beggars on Tower-Hill , would make the fide-fteps in the PruJJian exercife, and ufually clofed his entertainment with a fine board- ing fchool courtefy. The i 22 Of the Tower of London, The next creature (hewn you, is a capuchin Monkey , which is all that now remains of the fa- mous fchool of apes, with which the public has been fo often entertained. Befides the creature abovementioned, this fchool originally confifted of two Egyptian night-walkers, and two apes from *furky. Of the largeft of thefe creatures they ufed to tell abundance of very furprizing ftories ; and indeed thefe forts of animals are capable of fuch va- riety of droll imitations of human adtions, that their whimfical tricks, were they to be remem- bered, would fill a volume. The male Egyptian having one day broke his chain, in the twinkling of an eye mounted to the top of one of the offices, and there fet hi > keepers at defiance. When they prepared to fet ladders to attack him by ftorm, he played the tiles about their heads with fuch dexte- rity, ftrength, and nimblenefs, that he fairly beat them off ; when they attempted^ to furprize him by ftratagem, he was no lefs vigilant than before he had been adtive, and difcovered aV much fagacity in defeating their plots, as he had courage in op- pofing their attacks. Finding him neither to be overcome by force nor ftratagem, they had recourfe to milder methods, and thought to entice him down by feafting his companions openly in his fight; but that too failed of fuccefs. He feemed to divert him- felf much, by the chattering he made, in baffling all the arts they could devife to catch him ; and at length, after untiling almoft all the place, and laughing as long as he had thought proper at thofe that thought themfelves wifer than himfelf, he came very orderly down, and retired to his own apartment. — But what often furprized, and indeed infinitely delighted the keeper, was an amour he had with a favourite female of his own Ipecies, by whom. and its Curiosities. 23 whom, after more than twenty years fruitlefs en- deavours, he at length had iffue. The little ape fhe brought forth was efteemed the greateft curiofity the kingdom ever produced, thefe animals having never been known to breed in thefe eold regions before. No body fufpedted the pregnancy of the dam till fhe had brought forth her young one,which file nurfed with the fame tendefnefs as mothers do infants, and much in the fame manner. She car- ried it in her arms, and fometimes on her back, and danced it round the room with much drolle- ry, but what is molt remarkable, there was a dry nurfe in the fame room, who was as fond of it as the dam. This old creature that ufed to run loofe about the room, one day took it upon her back and ran away with it. She mounted the ridge of the dens, and when fhe thought fhe had it fafe to herfelf, fhe feemed fo highly pleafed, that the keepers by her anticks were afraid fhe would have dropped it, but having recovered it from her with* out any hurt,they ever after chained her up. Some- times the dam and fhe quarrelled about the riurfe- ry. A gentleman obferving the particular tender- nefs of thefe animals, cryed out one day in high humour. 44 We aret erta'nly all in an error, and 44 have been wrong from the beginning, Thefe are 44 the nationals i and we are the apes. Is it not fo, 44 Mr. Keeper ? 99 The next curiofity you fee is a Mufcovy cat, fent from the dey of Algiers , and prefented to his ma- jefty by the late Algerine ambaflador. This crea- ture, which is beautifully fpotted, is made very Jong in the back, head and tail, fomewhat like a ferret. You are next introduced to the acquaintance of snifs Nancy, a fine large tygrefs from the coafl of Guinea# 24 Of the Tower of London, Guinea , which was prefented to his late majefty by captain Scott . She is a fine lafs, but does not feem to have the moft amiable difpofition. You are next {hewn an Eagle of the fun, taken in a French prize by admiral Bofcawen y and by him prefented to his late majefty. This bird is fuppofed to foar the higheft of all the feathered tribe, and is able to look ftedfaftly at the fun even in h is moft refulgent fplendor ; whence it obtained the name by which that fpecies of eagles is diftinguilhed. — Here you are alfo {hewn a brown Eagle, which Was brought from Philadelphia by captain Fitzroy , and prefented to his late majefty. The eagle is efteemed the king of birds, as the lion is the king of beafts, becaufe of all the fub- ordinations of their refpedtive fpecies, they have the fuperiority in point of fiercenefs and power to overcome and deftroy; for ; though there are of each kind others of far greater ftrength ; as the bull for inftance in one fpecies, and the oftrich in the other; yet nature has with-held from thefe the weapons of deftru&ion, or the agility to ufe them, which {he has for wife purpofes, unknown to us, beftowed upon the others, and though the dominion is frequently difputed in the wiidernefs and foreft, and fometimes the lion is vanquifhed by the tyger, and the eagle by the vulture, yet nature has fufficiently confirmed their refpe&ive dignities by this, that no beaft, though ever fo fierce, and made ravenous by hunger, will attack the lion for prey, nor bird the eagle : anobferva- tion that has efcaped the generality of writers on this fubjedL^—' The eagle is generally of a dark brown colour, has a large hooked bill and vaft ta- lons, and has fuch ftrength, that I have heard it confidently affirmed by perfons of undoubted ere- and in Curiosities. 2,5 dit, that they have been known to carry infants to their young, when they have failed of other food. An inftance whereof happened, as Sir Robert Sib- bald reports, while be was in the Orkney IJles\ for a woman there, being at harveft work, and leaving her child about a year old at feme diftance from her, an eagle in fearch of prey efpied it, feized it in his talons, and carried it to his neft upon a neigh- bouring rock ; which fome fifhermen from the fhore accidently obferving purfued and attacked the eagle, and brought off the infant yet alive.— Lambs, hares, fawns, pheafants, and even kids, are the ordinary food wherewith thefe birds bring up their young ; and in the remote parts of France , if we may credit the fallowing ftory, a gentleman who happens to have an eagle's neft or two on his eftate, thinks them equivalent to a good farm’s rent. The ftory we have from a gentleman lately arrived from his travels, who fays, that while he was in the neighbourhood of Mende , an officer of diftindlion invited him and fome other travel-, lers to pafs a few days at his country-feat, where they were all entertained in the politeft manner* At the firft collation he gave us, fays he, we ob- ferved with fome furprize, that all the wild fowl that were brought to table wanted either a head, a wing, a leg, or fome other part, which occafion- ed our gentleman to fay very pleafantly* that we mu ft pardon the voracioufnefs of his caterer, who was fuch a brute, as always to be the firft that tafted what he had provided. Jt is remarked by hiftorians that the eagles fried their feathers every year, as the hart does his horns, and the ferpent his fkin ; and that they live to an exceeding great age. The benedidHne monks of the abbey of St Bating at St Omers , $6 Of the Tower of London, have an eagle now living, which they report t% be 300 years old. Others affirm, that one fpecies of eagles, as foon as they hatch, turn the heads of their young to the eaftern fun, and if they can’t bear the light and heat, fpurn them from the neft as a fpurious race. Agreeable to this is that beautiful fimile in Dryden . So when Jove’s bird on fome tall cedar $ head Has a new race of gerirci{$ eagles bred ; While yet implumd within the nejl they lie y Wary Jhe turns them to the eajlernjky : Then if unequal to the God of day , Abajftd they Jhrink , and Jhun the potent ray y She fpurns 'em forth , and cajls 'em quite away . But if with daring eye unmov d they gaze , Witpjiqnd the light , and bear the golden blaze , Tender Jhe broods them with a parent's love r The future few ants of her majler Jove, The next creature fliewn is a Racoon from the coaft of Guinea , which is final!, but much more beautiful than thole brought from America . This creature lives on the fea-fands, and chiefly on lhell-fifh, which it takes in a very fafe and dex- terous manner; for whenever the fifli opens its fhell to receive either air or nutrement, this crea- ture, we are told, puts a fmall pebble in, fo that the fhell may not ciofe again, and then picks out the fifh with its claws. Near to this is a Tyger Cat , brought from Bombay by captain Fletcher , and prefers ted to his prefent majefty. it is a beautiful creature, much larger than the largefl boar cat, delightfully co- loured, and fierce beyond delcription. In the la & place you are fliewn two large Hyenas , a male and its Curiosities. ty a male and female, about fix years old. The Hyena is a very fierce animal, and isfaid to be en- dued with great fubtilty; but the noife he makes alarms travellers, and gives them notice to avoid the danger. Yet, to thofe who are unacquainted with them, this noife may have a contrary effedt, for they fo perfectly imitate the human voice by a fort of moan and grown which they make, that a ftranger might eafily mittake it for the voice of a human creature in extreme torture. Some fay that the Hyena will dig human bodies out of their graves, and eat them ; but perhaps this is only when preffed by the feverity of hunger. He na- turally limps upon one of his hind legs, notwith- Handing which imperfection heis tolerably fwift* his neck is remarkably ftiff, fo that in looking be- hind, or fnatching at any thing obliquely, he is obliged to move his whole body in the fame man- ner as the hog, or the badger. He is of a dun colour, inclining to be reddifh, with fome ftreaks of a dark brown ; and the hair upon his neck is near a fpan long, and often fet up like hogs briftles. We cannot quit this fubjedt, without lament- ing the lofs of a fine large Oftrich which lately died here, and of whom we (hail give fome ac- count, as we hope to fee his habitation foon oc- cupied by another. This creature was fent as a prefent to his late majefty by the Dey of Tunis * His fhape and colour was not very unlike that of the turkey-cock breed, only greyer ; but the fize vaftly bigger, being formerly accounted the largeft bird in the world ; but later difcoveries have proved the contrary. Its legs were as much as a man could well grafp, and very long, as was the neck, of which it had great command, carrying B 2 'it 28 Of the Tower ef London. It as ere< 5 t and ftately as the fwan does, fo that when it walked, its bill was higher than the tall- ell man's head. You may judge of its bulk by its eggs, of which fhe had laid fourteen fince fhe came to England , feveral of which are now to be feen, each weighing upwards of five pounds, and when firft laid weighed above fix. It had a pretty large: warm room to live in, which was often cleaned, and the ftraw therein fnifted, Otherwife it would fooner have died ; for the cli- mate of this countrry feems by no means fitted to its tender nature, tho ? by its large bones and vaft bulk, it appeared to be very ftrong. There was fome time ago a couple of thefe birds, but one died before the other, by fwallowing a large jiail that ftopt its pafiage. The vulgar error, that the oftrich can digeft iron, has been long fince exploded ; for in the year 1659, the Morocco ambaftador to the States Gene- ral, among other rarities, having brought over to Holland an oftrich, as a nrefent, it died at Amfter- dam in a few days, by fwallowing iron nails, which the populace threw to it, upon a preemption that it could digeft them like other food ; but the oftrich being opened, about eighty nails were found entire in its ftornach. All the creatures that are here {hewn are regu- larly fed with food proper for them, and as care- fully attended, as if they were indeed of royal dignity. This takes off much of their favage na- ture, and makes them tame and fubmiffive, and perhaps contributed not a little to difappoint the expectations of King fames I. when he made trial of the fierce nature of a lion ; for that prince having ordered a lion to be turned out of his den, mid a bear to be put to him, the lion refufed to attack and its Curiosities, ag attack the bear ; they tried another, and at length two together, but in vain ; the lions difcovered plain fymptoms of fear, by making to their dens : fuch were the effects of indolence and high feed- ing upon animals the mod remarkable of any for courage and ferocity. N.B. There is foon expeSled in this place y a beautiful Zebra, or Painted Ass, ivhichwas lately preferred to her majefy , and is now fioewn at the king* $ ft able $ in Buckingham Yard . This creature is about twelve hands high , of a milk white freaked with black ; its body a fid legs are finely turned ; but it has long ears , and in other refpedis refembles an afs. Of the Spoils of the Invincible Armada. W HEN you enter the great gate of the Tower, one of the warders will attend you, and carry you in regular order to the feveral places, where the curiofnies are fiiewn ; the fird of which is Situated to the fouthward of the White Tower, and in it are reported the Spoils of the Invincible Armada, as it was filed, by Phi- lip II. of Spain , in order to perpetuate to lateft po- fterity, the memory of that fignal vidlory obtained by the Englifb ever the whole naval power of Spain , which will ever make the reign of (^Eliza- beth glorious in the j Britifio annals. This Arma- da, when it rendezvoufed at the Groyne, under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia, confided of 1 32 (hips, including tranfports,on board of which were embarked 19290 foldiers, 835ofailors, 2080 galley flaves, and 2630 pieces of cannon, which at that time of day, when fhips of 1200 tons carried hardly 60 pieces of ordnance, was a prodigious force. On the 21ft of July 1588, this formidable B 3 fleet 3© Of the Tower of London, fleet appeared off Plymouth , and was rite t there by the Englijh under the command of Lord Effingham , Lord High Admiral 5 Drake , Hawking zn&Forbi- jher ; when both fleets immediately formed the line of battle. The van of the Spantjh fleet was led by Jlphonfo de Levy a ; the duke of Medina command - ded the center ; and Juan Martinet de Rica Ido in the rear. The Lord high Admiral of England in his own {hip, called the Ark Royal , feconded by the reft of his fquadron, fell upon Levya' s divifion, and a terrible engagement enfued ; but Drake, Hau>- kins and For hi Jher , mutually fupporting each other where the danger was greateft, and taking the ad- vantage of the enemy where they obferved them weakeft, put their rear into diforder, and forced them upon the center, which occafioned feme con- fufion ; but night coming on, obliged both parties to lie by ; and the Englijh being ill provided with ammunition and ftores, were in no hafte to renew the engagement, well knowing that every day would weaken their adverfaries, and increafe their own ftrength, Accordingly, the very night after the firft engagement, one of the (hips of the line, by fome accident or other, blew up, and the fire from her communicating itfelf to the fhip whereof Don Pedro de Valdez was captain, The fell aneafy prize to Admiral Drake^ who fent her into Dart- mouth . This was looked upon as a favourable o- mcn of a compleat victory. Two whole days, however, were fpentin repairing the damages fuf- tained on both fides, in which time the Englijh were continually reinforced from the neighbouring ports, with men, ammunition, and {hips, which en- abled them on the 23d, after fome time fpeiit in ftriving to gain the wind, to fight the enemy on more equal terms than in the preceeding engage- ment 5 and its Curiosities 31 ment; and having gained their point, fell upon Ri- caldos fquadron with their whole force, and would certainly have d^ftroyed it, had not the Spanijh Ad- miral made a gallant attempt for his preiervation. Then the fight became general, and the Englijh managed their {hips with fo much eafe and dexte- rity, that the unweildy Spaniards, who lay like hulks in a dead calm, could make but little ufe of their fuperior ftrength, orders having been given by the Englijh commander in chief, to avoid by all means a clofe engagement ; by which, as the ene- my’s {hips were full of men, a great (laughter was made of them without fufferingin return any con- fiderable lofs. In this manner, a fort of running fight was maintained for two days with no deci- five advantage on either fide, other than what a- rofe from the difparity of the numbers killed. Itfliould have been before remarked, that accord- ding to the original plan of this in vafion, the Spanijh admiral was to have been joined in the Britijh channel by the Duke of Parma , with a body of 30,000 land forces from the Spanijh Netherlands ; but feeing no appearance of their arrival, he had dif- patchfd exprefs after exprefs to haften their embark- ation ; and at length fet fail himfelf to the freights of Calais to facilitate their junction. This moti- on had been forefeen, and a ftrong fquadron of 40 fail under Lord Henry Seymour , and Sir William Winter , were properly ftationed, as well to block up the ports from whence thofe fuccours were to em- bark, as to watch the future motions of th z Spanijh admiral, This was a noble llroke of policy, and foon followed by another that ruin’d their whole ^rojedh, and put an end to the great co alternation that had overfpread the whole nation on the firft appearance of fo vaft an armament. When 3^ Of tie Tower of London, When it was difcovered by the Lord high Ad- miral whatcourfe the Spaniards had fleered, a coun- cil of war was immediately called, wherein it was refolved not to Iofe a moment from purfuing them ; on this occafion Admiral Drake r whofe prefence of mind never failed him on the moll prefling emer- gencies, bethought himfelf of an expedient where- by to diftrefs the enemy, without rifquing the Queen’s {hips in fo unequal a conftidh Thus having communicated his fcheme to the commander in chief, it was refolved to put it in execution, and the rather as the contrivance was new, and confequent- Jy unfufpetffed. Accordingly, eight old and {bat- tered ihips were haflily fitted up, and filled with all forts of combuflibles ; and when the fleet came up with the enemy, who lay at anchor off Calais wait- ing for the Duke of Parma^ thofefhips werefecretly difpatched in the night, with proper inftru&ions to their refpe£tive captains, to grapple at proper dif- tances, where the enemy were clofeftin the line,ob- ferving always to keep the wind ; and when their ihips were thus properly ftationed to fct them on fire, and then bring off their men : this was execu- ted under the direction of the captains Prowfe and Young , with all imaginable fuccefs ; for while the Spaniards^ thinking themfelves furprifed, were pre- paring for an unexpe&ed attack, the captains of the fire ihips did their bufxnefs, and in little more than an hour, the whole ocean feemed on fire, as if to de- vour what ihe could not fwallow up, of that pre- fumptuous armsda, which had braved the majefty of Heaven, been bleffed by the pope, and pronoun- ced invincible. Nov/ nothing but horror, confu- fion, and hurry enfued ; fome were on fire, fome fell foul of others, fome cut their cables, and drove ihore \ and had it not been for thecalmnefs of the and in Curiosities. 33 the Duke of Medina , their whole fleet had that night perifhed with their hopes \ but he feeing the danger and penetrating the caufe, ordered his fleet to feparate, every one fhifting for himfeJf, and to rendezvous next morning at Graveling: though thefe were the fageft orders that could have been, iiiued in the prefent dilemma, yet th zEngVJh reaped from the confequences all the advantage they could have wiflied : it furnifeed them with an opportu- nity of attacking their huge (hips fingly, with what force they thought proper ; and of coming to a ge- neral engagement, before the Spaniards were reco- vered from the dreadful panic with which they were (truck. Drake and Forbijber , experienced fea officers as ever the world produced, well knew how to improve this critical turn of fortune in their favour, and refolutely attacked the Duke of Medi- na's own fquadron before it could be half formed, and made terrible havock, while the other com- manders were as vigilant in feeking out the feat- tered remains of Levyas and Rica Ido's ; in a word, the fea feemed covered with wrecks ; and the flow- er of the Englifh nobility, who had waited on (horn for the event of this engagement, feeing all fears over from the Spaniards landing, flocked on board the (hips, which were nowencreafed to the num- ber of 1 50 fail, to be fearers in the glory cfdeliver- ing their country from flaverv and papal tyrannv. In vain did the Duke of Medina , in this lamen- table diftreft, endeavour to regain the Brittjh chan- nel ; winds, as well as waves, fought again ft him* and drove him on the coaft of Zealand , where he muff have perifhed without any other enemies than tides, (helves, rocks and fands, had not provi- dence referved him to experience farther dangers. The Englijby well knowing that they mrft ine- B 5 vltably 34 Tower &f London, vitably {hare in one common deftrudtion if they purfued, prudently gave over the chace ; and the Duke having now no other views than thofe of felf- perfervation, (the wind chopping about in the ve- ry inftant of his greateft danger) called a council of war, in which it was refolved to fail for Spain by the northern paffage. In this refolution they weighed anchor, but a ftorm arofe that crofted their hopes for a while, and left them once more at the mercy of the Englijh % who penetrating their defign, purfued them beyond the Firth of Edinburrh^ tho’ with no other advantage, than that of weakening their crippled fhips ftill more, and thereby expofing them to the fury of the firf!: tempeft that happened, which afterwards efttdlually deftroved them. . In the fever al engagements on the Britlfo coaft, fifteen of their ftouteftfhips, beiides tranfports, were either deftroyed or taken: on the coaft of Ireland fome were funk, fome dafhed to pieces againft the rocks, fome run on fands, and fome were burnt by the Spaniards themfelves. Between the rivers of Lochfoille and Lechfivilh , on the north coaft, nine wereftranded, and the crews forced to feekfor fuc- oour among the wild Irijh, In the bay of Galbeggy^ three more run upon rocks, and moft of the men periflied. In the bay of B$rreys> a large fhip of jppo tons, and 54 finebrafs cannon, was funk, and all on board periflied faving fixteen, who, by their apparel, feemed perfons of great diftindfion. On the coaft of Tk Gtmnond two fhips moreperifhed, one -wtexfecf they fired ; the other was of St. Sebajliana , and had 300. men on hoard, 240 of whom were dfpwried. f Before Sir .Tmlogh Obdonds houfe, a&o- jthep -great ihip was loft,, f ppofed to be a Galleas. In feqrt? from the 21ft of 7&/v, when this vaunting was firft beaten by ihe.Englhjbrp, until the and its Curiosities. 35 loth of September folio win-g.j- when the {battered re- mains of it palled the /r/^ coaft, it fhotild feem that it had never had one good day or night ; (o that of 132 {hips that arrived in the BritUh chan- nel, fearce 70 of them returned home again, and 6f 30,000 fouls on board, upwards of 20,000 were either killed, or drowned, or remained pri-* foners in England — —Such was the fate, of this vain-glorious enterprize. The Reliques that are preferved here of this memorable Victory ^ fo glorious for our Country , together with form other Curiofities of the like Kind , are 9 1. The common foldiers pikes 18 feet long, pointed with long {harp fpikes, and {hod with iron, which were defigned to keep off the horfe to fa- cilitate the landing of their foot. 2. The Spanijb officers lances, finely engraven; thefe were formerly gilt, but the gilding is now al- moft worn off with cleaning. — There is a ftory cur- rent concerning thefe, that when Don Pedro deVal* dez , already mentioned, paffed his examination be- fore Lord Burleigh , he told his Lordfliip, that thofe fine polifhed lances were put on board to bleed the Englijh with ; to which that nobleman reply^ jo- kingly, that, if he were not miftaken, the Englijh had performed that operation better on their good friends the Spaniards with worfe inftruments, 3. The Spanijh ranceur, made in different forms, which were intended either to kill the men on horfeback, or pull them off their horfes. — ■ At the back is a fpike, with which they tell you, they Were to pick the roaft beef out of the En~ glifhmen s teeth. — On one of them is a piece of fil- ver coin, which they intended to malfe current : on it are three heads, fuppoied to be the J Bop*%)Pbil- B 6 Up 36 Of the Tower of London, lip IPs, and Queen Mary's. — This is a curiofity that moft Spaniards come to fee. 4. An uncommon piece of arms, being a piftol in a (hield, fo contrived as to fire a piftol, and co- ver the body at the lame time with the {hield. It is to be fired by a match-lock, and the fight of the enemy is to be taken through a little grate in the {hield, which is piftol proof. 5. A fmall train of ten pieces of pretty little can- non , neatly mounted on proper carriages, being a prefent from the foundery of London to King Charles I. when a child, topradlife the art of gun- nery with. Thefe, though no part of the Spanifo fpoils, are yet a great curiofity. 6. The banner, with a crucifix upon it, which was to have been carried before the Spanijh general. On it is engraved the Pope’s benedidlion before the Spanijh fleet failed ; for the Pope came to the water-fide, and on feeing the fleet, bleffed it, and, as has been faid, {tiled it Invincible. 7. Danijh and Saxon clubs, which weapons thofe people jointly are faid to have ufed in theconqueft of England , and are, perhaps, curiofities of the greateft antiquity of any in theTowER, having lain there above 850 years. The warders call them the Women s Weapons , becaufe, fay they, th‘e Britijb women made prize of them,when in one night they all confpired together, and cut the throats of 35,000 Dane *, the greateft piece of fecrecy the Englijh wo- men ever kept, for which they have everfinee been honoured with the ri^ht hand of the man, the up- per end of the table, and thefirft cut of every dilh of vi&uals they happen to like thebeft. — Indeed in 1 002, a prodigious daughter was made of iheDanes, on the feaft of St. Brice,n ot by the fecret confpiracy of the women alone \ but by the private orders of Ethelred and its Curiosities. 3 7 Ethelred II. who commanded his officers on that day to extirpate the whole race of the Danes out of his dominions, at once, fparing neither man, wo- man, nor child; which orders were fo pundually obeyed, that only about fixteeiywho got on board a {hip e leaped ; but thefe alarming foeir countrymen, they afterwards returned, and took a fevere revenge. 8. The Spanijh cravats, as they are called ; thefe are engines of torture, made of iron, and put on board to lock the feet, arms, and heads of Englijh hereticks together. 9. Spanijh bilboes, made of iron Iikewife, to yoke the Englijb prifoners two and two. 10. Spanijh (hot, which are of four forts ; fpike- fhot, ftar-foot, chain-fhot, and link-foot, all ad- mirably contrived, as well for the deftrudlion of the mafts and rigging of {hips, as for (weeping the decks of their men. But fome attribute the invention of thefe to admiral Drake , to be em- ployed againft the Spaniards . I r. Spanijh fpadas poifoned at the points, fo that if a man received but ever fo flight a wound with one of thofe, it proved certain death. 12. Spanijh halberts, or fpears, fome Whereof are curiouOy engraven, and inlaid with gold. 13. The ax, with which Queen Ann Bullen (mother of Queen Elizabeth) was beheaded. This was performed Mciy 19, 1536, a little before noon, by an executioner fent for on purpofe from Gala's . At the time of her death £he was not quite 30 years of age, and fell a facrince to the jealoufy, or rather the caprice of Henry VIII. to whom foe was lawfully married. 1 he Earl of EJJex, (Queen Elizabeth's favourite) was like wile beheaded with the fame ax. 14. A Spanijh poll- ax, ufed in boarding of (hips. 15. Thumb- 38 Of the Tower of London, 15. Thumb-fcrews, of which there were feve- ral chefts full on board the Spanijh fleet. The life they were intended for is faid to have been, to ex- tort confeflion from the Englijh where their mo- ney was hid, had that cruel people prevailed - - - Certain it is, that after the defeat, the whole con- verfation of the court and country turned upon the rfifcoveries made by the Spanijh prifoners of the racks, the wheels, and the whips of wire, with which they were to fcourge the Englijh of every rank, age, and fex. The moft noted hereticks were to be put to death ; thofe that furvived were to be branded on the forehead with a hot iron; and the whole form of government both in church and ftate was to be overturned. 16. The Spanijh morning-ftar 5 a deftrudtive engine refembling the figure of a ftar, of which there were many thoufands on board, and all of them with poifoned points ; and were defigned to ftrike at the enemy as they came on board in cafe of a clofe attack. 1 y. The Spanijh general’s halbert, covered with velvet. All the nails of this weapon are double gilt with gold ; and on its top is the pope’s head, c li- no u fly engraven. 18. A Spanijh battle-ax, fo contrived as to ftrike four holes in a man’s fkull at once; and has be- fides a piltol in its handle with a match-lock. 19. King Henry the VUIth's walking- ftaff, which has three match lock piltol s in it, with co- verings to keep the charges dry. With this ftaff the warders tell you, the king walked round the city fometimes, to fee that the conftables did their duty; and one night as he was walking near the bridge-foot, the conftable ftopthim to know, what be did with fuch an unlucky weapon at that time ^ and: its Curiosities^ 39 of the night ; upon which the king ftruck him ; but the conftable calling the watchmen to his af~ fiftance, his majefty was apprehended and carried to the Poultry Corn-bier. where he lay confined till morning, without either fire or candle ; when the keeper was informed of the rank of his prifbner he difpatched a mdlenger to the conftable, who came trembling wirh fear, expediting nothing lefs than to be hanged, drawn and quartered ; but in- ftead of that the king applauded his refolution in honeftly doing his duty, and made him a hand- feme prefent. At the fame time, he fettled upon St. Magnus parifh an annual grant of 23 /. and a mark; and made a provifion for furnifhing 30 chaldron of coals, and a large allo wance of bread annually for ever, towards the comfortable relief of his fellow- prifoners and their fucceffors* which the warders fay is paid them to this day. 20. A large wooden cannon called Policy^ be- caufe, fay your guides, when Henry VIII. befieged Bullogne , the roads being impaffable for heavy can- non, he cau fed a number of thefe wooden ones to be made and mounted on proper batteries before the town, as if real cannon, which fo terrified the French commandant, that when he beheld a formi- dable train, as he thought juft ready to play, he gave up the town without firing a Ihot.-The truth is, the duke of Suffolk , who commanded at this ftege under the king, foon made himfelf matter of the lower town ; but it was not till feven weeks af- terwards that the upper town capitulated,]’!! which time the Englijh fuftained great lofs in poffeffing themfelves of the Broye ; after which Springing fome mines with good fuccefs, and the garrifon lohng Pbilip Corfe , their beft officer, at length fur- rendered on honourable terms. The lower town was 4 o Of the Tower of London, was taken July 26, 1544, and the upper town furrendered September 14, the fame year. 2 r. The laft thing they fhew of thefe memora- ble fpoils, is the Spanijh general’s fhield, not worn by, but carried before him as an enfign of honour. Quit are depif md in Curiosities. ©f for this purpofe; and it is but lately that the carters, have been taken from their feet. 5. A little fuit of armour made for K. Charles IL when he was prince of Wales , and about feven or eight years of age, with a piece of armour for his horfe's head; the whole moft curioufly wrought and inlaid with filver. 6. Lord Courcys armour, who, as the warders tell you, was grand champion in Ireland , and as a proof fhew you the very fword he took from the champion of France , for which valiant adlion he and all his fucceflors have the honour to wear their hats in the king’s prefence ; which privi- lege, add they, is enjoyed by Lord Kinfale , as head of that antient and noble family, at this day.- It is recorded indeed of this Courcy , that when a conspiracy was formed againft him in Ireland , by his own fervants, at the inftigation of Hugh de Lucy , who was jealous of his power, tho’ he was betrayed at his devotions, belaid 13 of the con- spirators dead at his feet before he was overpow- ered, He was afterwards committed priioner to the Tower of London , and it is no improbable conjecture, that what is (hewn is the very armour he brought with him to that prifon. 7. Real coats of mail called brigandine jackets : They confift of final! bits of fteel, fo artfully quilted one over another as to refill the point of a fword, or even, I believe, a mufket- bullet, and yet they are fo flexible, that you may bend your body in them any way, as well as in ordinary cloathing. 8. An Indian fuit of armour, fent as a prefent to K. Charles II. from the Great Mogul :* This is indeed a great curiofity : It is made of iron quills about two inches long; finely japanned and C 4 ranged 56 Of the Tower of London, ranged in rows, one row flipping over another very artificially ; they are bound together with filktwift very ftrong : They are ufed in that country as a defence againft darts and arrows, poifoned or un- poifoned. 9. A neat little fuit of armour, in which is a carved figure reprefenting Richard Duke of York , King Edward the IVth’syoungeft fon, who, with his brother Edward V. were fmothered in the T ower by order of Richard III. commonly cal- led crook-back’d Richard , their uncle and guar- dian. The manner of their deaths was this: One Sir James Tyrrell a ftrong refolute fellow ha- ving a commiffion from the king for thatpurpofe, and employing one Miles Forreji , a common ruffi- an, and John Deighton his own groom, thefe two wretches, by night, entered the room where the young princes, attended only by one fervant, were confined, and while theyflept, fmothered them in their bed cloaths. After this Tyrrel ordered them to be buried at the ftair-foot, deep underground; where their bones were actually found in the reign of King Charles II. See jnore of this in the Hifiory of Wellminfter Abbey. 10. The armour of the great John of Gaunt , Duke of Lancafer y who was the fon of a king, the father of a king, and the uncle of a king, but was never king himfelf. Dugdale fays^ that more kings and fovereign princes fprang from his loins than from any king \nChriJlenclom . He was inter- red with Blanch , his firft w 7 ife, on the north fide of the choir of the old cathedral church of St. Paul\ and on his monument hung his proper hel- met and fpear; as alfo his target covered with horn ; which precious reliques were unfortunate- ly confumed with that ftatelv edifice itfelf, by the dreadful and its Curiosities. 57 dreadful fire of London . The armour here fhewn is feven foot high, and the fword and lance are of an enormous .fize. 1 1. The droll figure of Will . Somers , as the warders tell you, King Henry VUIth’s jefter ; an honeft man, fay they, of a woman’s making had a handfome woman to his wife, who made him a cuckold ; and w r ears his horns on his head, holes in his neither believe king. pock- queen, nor becaufe they Ihould not wear ets. He would any about the court that he was a cuckold, til! he put on his fpedlaclcs to fee, being a little dim- fighted, as all cuckolds fhould be; in which antic manner he is here reprefented. 1 2. A collar of torment, which, fay your con- ductors, ufed formerly to be put about the wo- mens necks that cuckolded their hufbands, or fcolded at them when they came home late ; but that cuftom is left off now-a-days, to prevent quarrelling for collars, there not being fmiths enough to make them, as moil married men are fure to want them at one time or other. We come now to the line of kings, which, to follow the order of your conductor, we muft re- verfe the order of their chronology, and defcribe the laft firft, as 1. His late majefty K. George I. in a compleat fuit of armour, fitting with a truncheon in his hand on a white horfe richly caparifoned, having a fine Turkey bridle gilt with gold, with a globe, crefcent, and flar ; velvet furniture laced with gold, and gold trappings. This prince was born in i6t>o, came to the crown on the death of Q. Jnne 3 Augujl 1, 1714, and died June 11, 1727, on his journey to Hanover . c s 2. The 58 ©f the Tower of London, 2. The late King William III. drefled in the very fuit of armour won by Edward the black prince, fon to Edward III. in the famous battle of Crejjy> wherein the French loft n princes, 80 baronets, 1200 knights, 1500 gentlemen at arms, 4000 fquires, who were mounted on horfe- back ; and 30,000 common men, he is mounted on a forrel horfe, whofe furniture is green velvet embroidered with filver, and holds in his right hand a flaming fword. The battle of the Boyne in Ireland , and the taking of Namur , are the only memorable victories of this warlike king ; who was born in 1650, afcended the Britijh throne on the abdication of K. 'James II. his fa- ther-in law ) February 13, *688, and died March#) 1702, by a fall from his horfe. 3. King Charles If. drefled in the armour that was worn by the champion of England at the co- ronation of his late Majeily, There is no- thing very memorable in this king’s ftory, but his fufferings, and his reftoration to the crown -after* 12 years banifhment. He fits with a trun- cheon in his hand on a fine horfe richly caparifon- ed with crimfon velvet laced with gold. He was born in 1630, fucceeded to the throne on the death of his father Charles I. January 30, 1649, and died February 6, 1684. 4. K. Charles I. in a rich fuit of his own pro- per armour, gilt with gold and curioufly wrought* prefented to him by the city of London when he was prince of Wales ; and is the fame armour that was laid on the coffin at the funeral proceffion ef the late great Duke of Marlborough ; on which occafion a collar of SS’s was added to it, and is row round it. The civil wars in this prince’s xeign, and his untimely death afford a very melan- md its Curiosities. 59 choly ftory, which will never be forgotten. He was born in i6co, fucceeded his father K. James I. March 27, 1625, an ^ was beheaded in fight of his own palace gates, January 30, 1649. 5. James I. of England and Vlth of Scotland \ By his fucceedingto the throne of England , on the death of Q. Elizabeth? the kingdoms of England and Scotland , which till then had been at continual wars, were united under one head. He fits on horfeback with a truncheon in his right hand, dref- fed in a com pi eat fuit of figured armour. He was born in 1566, mounted the Englijh throne March 24, 1603, and died March 27, 1625, after one of the moft inglorious reigns of any in the Britijh> hiftory. 6. King Edward VI. the firft proteftant prince that ever reigned in England (if the father of the- reformation be excepted.) Fie is faid by fpmeto< have been cutout of the belly of his mother Lady Jane Seymour , but that queen lived 1 2 days after her delivery. The memorable acts of his reign arethofe. of charity and beneficence. He gave to the citizens of London three hofpitals ; to wit, that of Chrijl- Church for the maintenance and education of poor citizens children ; that of Bridewell , for breed- ing them up to trades ; and that of St. Thomas , for healing the Tick and difeafed. Fie is drafted in a moft curious fuit of fteel-armour, whereon are depicted, in different compartments, a vaft va- riety of fcripture hiftories, alluding to battles and other memorable paftages. Fie fits on horfeback, like the reft, with a truncheon in his right hand. He was born October 12, 1537, proclaimed king January 31, 1548, and died July 6, 15 53. 7. King Henry VIII. in his own proper ar- mour, being of poliftved fteel, the foliages where- C 6 of 60 Of the Tower of London, of are gilt or inlaid with gold. In his right hand he bears a fword, but whether of cruelty or mercy, will hardly, I think, admit a doubt. His reign is mark’d with the divorce and murder of wives, the deftru£tion of religious houfes and monafteries, and by a defiance of all laws divine and human. He was born June 28, 1491, fucceeded his father Henry VII. April 22, 1509, and died January 28, 1547. 8. Henry VII. who killed Richard 111 . in the memorable battle of Bofworth Fields and by marry- ing Elizabeth^ eldeft daughter of Edivard iV. uni- ted the two famous houfes of York and Lancafter , about whofe claims to the throne a deluge of Eng- lift) blood had been poured forth. This prince holds likewife a fword in his hand, and fits on horfeback in a complete fuit of armour, finely wrought and wafhed with filver. He was- born in 1457; crowned Oftober 30, 1485, and died April 12, 1509. 9. EdwardV. who, with his brother Richard^ as has been faid, was fmothered in the Tower : He was proclaimed king, but never crowned ; for which reafon a crown is hung over his head : He is in a rich fuit of armour finely decorated; and holds in his right hand a lance. TO. K. Edward IV. father to the two unhappjr princes abovementioned : His reign is ftained with blood and luft ; and tho’ he Was fortunate in molt of his battles, yet his victories were all at the ex- pence of his own fubjedls. At the battle of Tozvton 136,000 Englijh are faid to have been killed ; and du- ring his reign Guth?de fays no lefs than 200,000 En- glish loft their lives in the conteft between Henry of Lancafter and this Edivard of York. He was equal- ly formed for love and war, and his gallantries with and its Curiosities. 6i the citizens wives, among which was the famous Jane Shore, are hill remembered with deteftation. He is here diftinguiftied by afuit of bright ar mour ftudded, and by holding in his right hand a drawn fword. He was born in 1441, began his reign March 4, 1460, and died in 1483. 11. King Henry VI. who, tho’ crowned king of France at Paris, loft all that kingdom. In his reign no lefs than 16 battles were fought at home and abroad. The bloody civil wars that commen- ced between the houfes of York and Lancajier , al- ready mentioned. The rebellion of Jack Cade y who entered London, and beheaded Lord Say, hap- pened in his reign. The famous Joan of Arc, or maid of Orleans , ftarted up alfo, and fpread her fame thro’ all Europe by railing the fiege of Or - leans . In his time alfo the art of printing was introduced into England. He was born in 1422, began his reign Augufl 3 r, the fame year (being an infant,) and was murdered in the Tower by the Duke of Gloucejler in 1461. 12. The warlike and victorious Henry V, who by his conquefts in France gained immortal glorv* He caufed himfelf to be acknowledged regent, and prefumptive heir of that kingdom. With only 9000 EnglijhYo defeated 150,000 French at the battle of Agincourt , where he took more prifoners than he had men in his army. Near Harfieur 15000 French were defeated by 1500 Englijh . This prince was Sir John Falftaff's companion. He was born in 1389, began to reign March 20, 1413, and died Anguji 31, 1422. A fhort reign, but full of glorv. 13. Henry IV. Great John of Gaunt' s fon. His reign is made infamous by a bloody ft a cute to burn heredcks. He was notwithfhnding valiant ; but his 62 Of the Tower ^ London, his courage was employed to fecure himfelf on a throne, to which he had but flight pretenfions. Four infurredtions againfl: him were defeated, the greateit of which he quelled himfelf by the battle of Shrewjhury, wherein Harry Hotfpur and 10,000 rebels fell, befides as many of his own troops. He twice beat the Welch under Given Glendower . He was born in 1 367, afcended the throne Septem- ber 29, 1396 ; and died March 20, 1413. 14. Edward III. John of Gaunt' s father, and fa- ther to Edward the Black Prince , of whom we haye already fpoken. Befides the battle of Crej - fy , the ever memorable battle of Poidliers was fought by this king, at which John king of France was taken prifoner, and brought to England, where he met David, king of Scots prifoner there alfo ; and thefe two, accompanied by the king of En- gland, and the king of Cyprus , who happened to be on his travels, at the Englijh court, were all enter- tained at a banquet, by a citizen of London at Vint - ners~Hall. David , king of Scots was afterwards ranfomed for 10,000 marks, and John, king of France , for 500,000 crowns. Edward the Black Prince died in 1376, to the inexpreflible grief of the kina; and the whole nation 1 but his fonRichard II. fucceeded to the throne, whereby the famous Jfohn of Gaunt was excluded. Edward III, is re- prefented here with a venerable grey beard, and in a fuit of plain bright armour, with two crowns on his fword, alluding to the two kingdoms, France and England, of both which he was crowned king* and was the firlt who quartered the arms of France with his own ; adding the motto Dieu et mon Droit . He was born in 1312, called to the throne on the depofition of his father, Jan. 25, 1326, and died June 2i ? 1377, after a glorious reign of 50 years. 15.. Edward and its Curiosities. 63 ' 15. Edward I. in a very curious fuit of gilt ar- mour, with this peculiarity, that the fhoes thereof are of mail. He is reprefented with a battle-ax in his hand, perhaps to diftinguifh him from the reft, he being the only king in the line that had employ- ed his arms againft the Turks and Infidels , by an expedition to the Holy Land. The warders tell you that being there (hot with a poifoned arrow, his queen, who accompanied him, fucking the wound, Ihe died and he lived and add, that he afterwards brought her corpfe over, and buried It i nlVefilmin- jler- Abbey ; but Camden , who reports this fact, tells it thus : “ When her hufband was treache- roufly wounded by a Moor with a poifonous dag- 4C ger, and the wounds, by reafon of the maligni- “ ty of thepoifon, could not be clofed, (he licked cc them daily with her own tongue, and fucked at the Bible and Sun in St. Paul's Church-Yard , 1761. Price One Shilling. ; . ' ■ ' "> . -r '-' ' r' ■' - r t jV „ ■■■ ~ /'I '• -• ■ : , 4 ^ ;» v .. . ^ •■■■*■ - -v . • ; ■ f ' ■ I.tf: .. ■ - - I % ‘ ^ ■y.: f, ■•■• ■ - ' '■ : ; ■ - ■ If r I \ * ^ v* % .is i . ‘ ^ --I !U-*r E^sW T- T ;'l < •*> . • THE PREFACE, w ° ri °f this Kind needs no Apology. Let &A \ ^ it Suffice to fay , that Men of the greateft ^ Learning have employed their Time ufefully 171 collecting from j'uch Remains of Antiquity as are here preferved , Hijlorical FaEls that were no otherwife to be obtained $ and for want of which Perfons have been frequently connected with Actions they had no Relation to y Events have been mifplacedy and the true Order of Things confounded . The little Re- | gard the latter Hiftorians of our own Nation have paid to thefe Memorials , is perhaps one Reafon why their Labours appear imperfect^ and why the Authors them - fetvesy for the mojl Party out-live the Reputation of their Works . Indeed , it is a tedious 5 a difficulty and often an im- pojfible Tafk to have Recourfe to thofe Marble Records that are every where to be found dijfufed through this great Kingdom ; but when all that are worthy of Notice in fo confiderable a Repofitory as Weftminfter- Abbey tire collected together in one fmall Booky it will be an unpardonable Negleft not to make a proper Ufe of it. If it Jhall appear upon Comparifon of thefe few SheetSy that Perfons who have had the mojl confiderable Share in the Tranf actions of the Times in which they livedy have been but juft named by our Hiftorians , while I others of lefs Note have been magnified beyond their true Merit 5 XV The PREFAC E. Merit ; that Actions have been afcribed to one y that were performed by another ; and that many Things are reported in general \ which ought to have been attributed to particular Perfons or Families y the Utility of this Work will then be apparent , and a Road pointed out y by which the Errors of our Hijlorians may be correct ed y their D feels fupplied y and fifties done to the Memo - ries of Many who have eminently dijiinguijhcd them - [elves in the Service of their Country . But not to dwell on this Advantage only y when there are others of no fmall Importance , refulting from it : Strangers y who vifit Weftminfter- Abbey, will find their Account in the Perufal of this Book : Fhe little Time they are allowed in furveying the enclofed Chapels y may be more ufefully employed by Means of it y and their Pains rewarded by the Recollection of Things worthy to be remembered y the Unlearned will be enabled by it to converfe with the Monuments of the Dead y with the fame Pleafure as the Learned ; and thofe who have never feen y nor are ever likely to fee this Jlately Edifice y may form fome Idea of its Form y Magnificence , and Furni- ture y by the Account here given of it. Add to all thefe y the Contemplation of the Things herein recorded in a religious Senfe ; for y as the great Mr. Addifon obferves y when we read the Dates of the Tombs of fome that died Yejlerday y and fome fix hun- dred Years ago y we cannot help confidering that great Day y when we j hall all of us be Cotemporaries y and make our Appearance before one awful fudge together . O F Westminster- Abbey, AND ITS CURIOSITIES. C^5#K^(^C^O§OCgOC$DC$3 Of the Foundation of Westminster- Absey. F the Foundation of this Abbey, there s¥:M hJ^i are man y miraculous Stories re- ^ O ^ lated in the Legends of Monkifh ')§0^ Wri ters ? that by this enlightened Age t ^ ie bare Recital would hardly be excufed : What we can with any Colour of Truth gather from fo much Rubbifh amounts only to this. That Sebert , King of the Eaji Saxons , who died in 616, being by Aifiin’s Preaching, and his Uncle Eihelbert’s Example, con- verted to Chriftianity, threw down the Temple of Apollo , Weft of London , and there moft devoutly eredted a Church, which he dedicated to the Ho- nour of St. Peter , Prince of the Apoftles, and ap- pointed Mellitus , then Bifhop of London , to con- secrate it accordingly. Ranulphus , indeed, does not particularly mention Sebert , but has thefe remark- B able 2 Of Westminster-Abbey able Words, “ That fome one , at the Infligation of “ Etkelbert , built a Church to the Honour of St. “ Peter in the Weft Part of the City of London , in a Place called Thorney^ which fignifies an I Hand “ of Thorns, but is now called WejlminJlerA Fleets a Monkifh Writer, lpeaks of the City of London as worfhipping Diana , and the Suburbs of Tborney , as offering Incenfe to Apollo ; fo that it feems clear al- moft to Demonftration, that this Church was firft railed from the Ruins of a Pagan Temple. I am aware, that Sir Chrijlopher Wren , whofe Opinion is by no means to be contemned, rejedts as fabulous the Notion of a Temple to Apollo in homey IJland ; and the rather, becaufe it is faid to be deftroyed by an Earthquake in the Reign of An- toninus Pius , in order to make way for a Chriftian Church to be eredted by Fling Lucius upon its Ruins. Sir Chrijlopher , to ftrengthen his Opinion, declares, That when he was employed to furvey Wejiminjler- Ahbey y tho’ he examined both the Walls and Orna- ments about it with the niceft Care, yet he could neither difeover the leaft Fragment of Cornice or Capital to indicate the handy Work of a Roman Builder, which he thinks hemuft undoubtedly have done, had the Fadt been true, as Earthquakes break few Stones, tho’ they everturn Edifices. For the fame and other Reafons mentioned in their Place, he difbelieves the founding of St. Paul's upon the Ruins of a Temple to Diana \ yet till his Time both thefe Fadts were credited by the mod learned Anti- quarians our Nation ever produced, and reported by them upon the fulleft Evidence the Nature of the Subject would admit; Evidence, I think, that added to one Circumftance, which they have omit- ted, carries Convidtion along with it; namely, that the Pagans muft certainly have had Temples in both thefe Cities, and that the above Places, and no other, being marked by Tradition for the Scites and its Curiosities, 3 of them, no Difcoveries have yet been made in the Courfe of 1700 Years, of the Remains of any fuch Edifices in any other Spots. But to return ; the Dedication of this antient Abbey is a Matter of nolefs Uncertainty, than the Foundation of it ; the Church Hiftorians will have it miraculous, and none but St. Peter himfelf, tho dead 500 Years before, mull be admitted to that Honour. The King, as has been hinted, had or- dered Mellitus to perform the Ceremony, but St. Peter , as the Legend fays, was beforehand with him ; for over-night he called upon Edricus a Filher- man, and defired to be ferry'd over to Thorney , which happened to be then flooded round by the heavy Rains that had lately fallen : The Fifiierman obeyed, and the Apoftle (having conlecrated the Church amidft a grand Chorus of Heavenly Mufie, and a glorious Appearance of burning Lights, of which Edricus was both an Ear and an Eye-W itnefs) on his Return dilcovered himfelf, and bid the Fifherinan tell Melliius yj hat he had heard and fee 11 ; giving, at the fame Time, to Edricus^ a Specimen of his divine Million, by a miraculous Draught of Sal- mon, of which Kind of Fifn when in Seafon, the Apoftle allured him, none of his Occupation Ihould ever want, provided they honeftly made an Offer- ing of the 10th Filh to the Ufe of the newly con- fecrated Church; which Cuftom we find continued for more than 400 Years after. This Story, 1 fhould hardly have ventured to irffert, but that it is in Part confirmed, or at leaft believed, by two Royal Char- ters ; the firft, of K. Edgar , who fpeaking of it fays, 44 this Church was dedicated by no lefs than St. Pe- 44 ter , the Prince of Apoftles, to his own Honour the other is of Edward the ConfeJJor , which is ftill more full, affirming it to be 44 dedicated by St. Pe - 44 ter himfelf with the Attendance of Angels, by the 44 ImprelHon of the Holy Crofs, and the Anoint- B 2 44 meat 4 Of Westminster-Abbey ment of the Holy Chrifm,” Agreeable to thefe are the Teftimonies of the Authors of the Lives of Bifhcp Mettitus , St, Dunftan , Edward the Confejfot , and Sulcardus y William of Malmjbury, Ranulphus , &c. Yet the Reader of this Account may believe of it according to the Limits of his own Faith. Havings however, in a great Meafure, fettled the i£ra of the Foundation and Dedication of this Church, it remains only for us to trace by what Steps it gradually rofe to the Grandeur in which it appears at prefent; for at fir {I, only that Part of it was built which forms the -Eaft Angle. Offa , the great King of Mercia , was the next who enlarged 'and repaired the Church of Seberfs found- ing ; for Seberfs Sons relapfmg into Paganifm , it had been long neglected, and was run to Decay. Edgar , after it had been almoft ruined by the In- curfrons of the Danes , was the fir & who revived its dying Luftre, by two Charters in its Favour; which were afterwards confirmed and enlarged by Edward the Confejjbr , the old Church was pulled down, and a moft magnificent one for that Aee eredted in the room of it, in the Form of a Grefs, which after- wards became a Pattern for that Kind of Building. When he had fo done, he then granted a Charter of his own, wherein he recites the Account of St. Pe- ter’s Confecration, as has been faid; its Deftrudlion by the Danes , the Grants and Privileges of his Pre- deceffors, fuch as Sac and Soc , Thol and Theam y In- toll and Uttoll , and Infcmgenthet , Gritbrkh , Hamfoken y Murage , and Fenjlall ; and adds his own. This I aft Charter was clofed with folemu Imprecations on fuch as fhould infringe it, and was figned by the King, Queen, two Archbifhops, ten Bifhops, and many of the Abbots and the Nobility, at a Con- vention called for that Purpofe by his Majefty's Order, Henry and its Curiosities. 5 Henry III. was the next Prince who laid his Hand to this great Work, and began to build a Chapel to the Bleffed Virgin, then called the New Work at Wejiminjier , the firft Stone whereof he laid himfelf on the Saturday before his Coronation, in the Year 1220, being the 5th of his Reign; but about 25 Years after, finding the Walls and Steeple of the Church decayed, he pulled them down likewife, with a Defign to enlarge and make the whole more - regular, but did not live to accomplifh his Defign, which was not compleated till 23 Years after this Monarch’s Death. This King’s Intention was certainly, fays Sir Cbrijiopher Wren , to make up only the Crofs to the W eft ward , for thus far it is built in a different Manner from the reft more Weft ward, as the Pillars and Spandrils of the Arches fliew. The Work muff: therefore, in all Probability, have been carried on afterwards, during the Reigns of the three lucceed- Ing Kings, by the Monks and Abbots, which, tho s it proceeded but flowly, was yet more ikil fully executed than the former Part. Indeed, during the tumultuous and bloody W ars between the Houfes of York and Lancafter , little could be expedited to be done in Works of Genius, but upon the Advance- ment of the Lancajlrian Line to the peaceable Pof- feilion of the Throne, Henry the Seventh refumed the Work very early, as appears by the Rofe of Lancajler marked upon the Key-ftones of the Vaults ing of the very firft Bay of Building that is extend- ed beyond the old Plan. This Prince likewife, about the Year 1502, be- gan that ftately and magnificent Structure which is now generally called by his name, by firft pulling down the Chapel of Henry III. already mentioned, and a Houfe adjoining, called the White Rofe Tavern \ and then, marking out the Foundation, on the 24th of January , 1502, he laid the firft Stone: This B 3. Chapel fe Of Westmikster-Abbew Chapel he dedicated, like the former, to the B Idled Virgin, and defigning it for a Burial-Place for him and*his Pofterity, in his Will he exprefsly enjoins, that none but the Blood Rmyal fhould be permitted to lie therein ; and, for the Health of his Soul, he procured a Bull from Pope Leo, for uniting to this Abbey the Collegiate Church of St. Martin’ s-le- Grandj and the Manor of Tykill in Yorkjbire , to maintain a Chauntry of three Monks, who fhould be Priefls, and two Lay Brothers : which we the ra- ther mention, as it is but little known how the In- habitants of St. Martin’ $-le-Grand came j&rft to be connected with thofe of JVeJi?ni.nfer« The Ppiefts were to fay daily Mafs for his Soul, and the Souls of his Wife and Children, for which Service, be- sides their ufual Salary, they were to be allowed 100 Shillings a Year. Before his Death, over and above this, he is faid to have delivered into the Hands of the Abbot of Wejlminfer $000 1. for MalTes and Alms, whereof 10,000 Mafles were to be faid for him at 6 d. each; and 200O /. to be given in Alms, between his Death and Burial. Since the Death of this Prince, no great Altera- tions have been made in the outward Structure of this Church, till of late Years ; when, as it was the Admiration and Grief of all who beheld it, it be- came the Obje and thofe that fucceeded him, been decorated with feme new Ornaments, and by the Addition of two {lately Towers, which are thought to exceed in Point of Work- and its Curiosities. y Workmanftiip any Part of the ancient Building, is now rendered more compleat than ever, the Weft End having been left unfinifhed. In examining the old Abbey in order to thefe Re- pairs, Sir Chrijhpher Wren found great Defers both in the Materials and in the Workmanfnip. Tht Stone, which was of the Ryegaie Kind, very eafy to work, but fubjeft to take in Water* was decayed four Inches deep ; the Roof was Oak, mix’d with Normandy Chefnut, badly wrought, and not proper- ly fecured from ftretching, by which the Walls’wcre damaged, and ftill rendered worfe by the Water in the Gutters being ill carried off. The four inner- moft Pillars of the Crofs he found to be fwayed in- ward confiderably, the Arches of the fecond Or- der cracked, the great Weft Window feeble, and the gable End of the Roof over it only Weather- Boards painted. But what was worft of all, a bold and ignorant Architedf having formerly undertaken to build the Monks a Cloifter, without knowing the Principles upon which he ought to have proceeded,, had joined the new Work to the old in fuch a Man- ner, that, by the fettling of the former, the Wall above the Windows of the latter was forced out. ten Inches, and the Ribs broken, £o that it was amazing it had not quite fallen. This, however, Sir Ghrif- topher caufed to be amended inftantly, and made ftronger and more fecure than ever the firft Builder# had left it; the ragged Aihlar he likewife cut away,, and inverted the Building, fo far as he lived to finifh It, with a better Sort of Stone from Burford in Ox - fordjhtre , which has fince been continued by his Succeftbrs, and now near finifhed ; the Timber of- the Roof of the Nave, and of the Crofs, was like- wife fubftanti&Ily repaired under his DiredUon. The four innermoft rillars he reftored to tlieir Perpen- dicular, and left a Plan for erecting; a Tower and that would have ferved rather to have ftrengthened Spire 8 Of Westminster-Abbey ftrengthened than to have over-loaded them. la ftiort, this great Architect prepared and left behind him perfedf Draughts and Models of all the additio- onal Ornaments that he thought necefiary to com- plete this ftately Building ; fome of which, particu- larly the two lofty Towers to the Weft, have been fince eredted in a mafterly Manner; but the lofty Spire, which he feems to have had much at Heart, has been either thought not neceflary, or not prac- ticable. And now having given an Account of the Foun- dation and gradual Increafe of this ancient Struc- ture, we (hall proceed to a more particular Defcrip- tion of it, as well as of what Curiofities are ftill re- maining, after all the Injuries it has received. i Description of the Building. ^TjP'HIS noble Fabrick, than which, perhaps,. j|_ there is not a more venerable Fragment of Antiquity in the whole World, has latelybeen new coated, as already hinted, on the Outfide, except that Part of it called Henry Vllth’s Chapel, which is indeed a feparate Building, and will no doubt be repaired by a particular Order, when the Reparati- ons of the ancient Abbey are compleated. It muft be owned, that by the two ftately Towers at the Weft End, lately added, and the great Pains that have been taken in the coating, to preferve the an- tient Gothic Grandeur, this Church, as' to its diftant Profpedt, has all the Majeftyofits former State; yet the beautiful Carving and curious Sculpture that once adorned it, and upon a nearer View ufed to charm the Beholder, is now irretrievably loft ; the Buttrefles, once beautifully capp’d with Turrets, made into plain pvramidical Forms, and topp’d with Free-ftone ; and the Statues of our ancient Kings that formerly flood inNitches near the Tops of and its Curiosities. 9 of thefe Buttrefles and attracted Admiration, are for the moft Part removed, and their broken Fragments lodged in the Roof of Henry Vllth’s Chapel, where they are buried from the public Eye for ever. Next the Towers on the North Side, fame of thefe Statues are ftill handing ; and indeed it is on this Side that you are to take your outward View of the Abbey, the other Side being fo encumbered with Buildings, that even the exa £t Situation cannotbe dlftiiiguifh- ed. The Form of the Church is that of a Crucifix, in which you are to confider Henry Vllth’s Chapel as no Part. The South Side anfwered exactly to the North in the original Plan, by attending to which you will be able to form a true Judgment of the Whole. The Cloifters on the South Side were added for the Conveniency of the Monks, and the contiguous Buildings are of ftill later Date. What will principally engage your Attention irs viewing the Outfide of this Building, (the new Towers excepted) is the magnificent Portico, lead- ing into the North Crofs, which by fome has been ftiled the Beautiful , or Solomon’s Gate . It feems to have been founded by FJchard II. his Arms carved in Stone being formerly over the Door. This Por- tico is of the Gothic Orde and is extreamly beauti- ful ; and over it is a moft magnificent Window of modern Defign but admirably well executed. On the South Side may be feen a Window fet up in 1705, which is likewife very mafterly. B elides thefe there is nothing in the outward Appearance to dwell upon, except the Loftinefs of the Roof, to exceed in which Particular feems to have been the Emulation of ancient Architects ; that of Wejlmin - jler-Hall is indeed very lofty, but this of the Abbey is ftill higher. * The Draught was made by Sir Chrifiopher Wren , and fin i fil'd by him before his Death ; all the other Repairs have likewife been executed upon the fame Gentleman's Flan. Ta lo Of Westminster-Abbey To take an advantageous View of the Infide, yet muft go in at the Weft Door, between the Towers ; and the Moment you enter, the whole Body of the Church opens itfelf at once to your Eye, the Pillars dividing the Nave from the Si’de-Ifles, being io cu- rioufly formed as not to obftruetthe Side Openings ; nor is your Sight terminated to the Eaft, but by the fine painted Window over the Portico of Henry Vllth’s Chapel, which antiently, when the Altar was low, and the glorioufly adorned Shrine Gf Edward the Confeffor was included in the Profpedt, muft have afforded one of the fineft the Eyes of Man could ever behold. But as it would be impoflible to con- vey an adequate Idea of the folemn Grandeur and Magnificence here to be viewed to a Stranger, it were in vain to attempt a Defcription, the Intent of this Book being rather to affift the Spectator to view with Advantage what is here prefented to him, than to fill his Mind with fanciful Notions of the admi- rable Works of remote Ages. The firft Thins; then that ftrikes the Imagination is the awful Solemnity of the Place, caufed by the Loftinefs of the Roof, and the happy Difpontion of the Lights, and of that noble Range of Pillars by which the whole Building is fupported. [It may here be proper to inform the unlearned Reader, that the open Space between the Rows of Pillars is called the Nave of the Church ; theenclo- fed Space, the Choir; the Space between the Pillars and the Walls, theliles; and the enlarged Spaces to the North and South, the North Crofs and South Crofs.] Thefe Pillars terminate towards the Eaft by a Sweep, thereby enclofing the Chapel of Edward the Confeffor in a Kind of Semicircle, and excluding all the other Chapels belonging to the Abbey, of which there are no lefs than ten in Number, beyond the Avenue or Walk, by which they are furrounded. And and its Curiosities. ii hi J; le ‘i And it is worth your Obfervation, that as far as to the Gates of the Choir the Pillars are filletted with Brafs, but all beyond with Free-ftone ; from which Circumftance feme take Occafion to determine the i Bounds of the different Enlargements of this Church Q } I j ! at different Times, but I think with much Uncer- tainty. Anfwerable to the middle Range of Pillars are Columns adjoining to the Walls, which as they rife fpring into Semi-Arches, and are every where met in acute Angles by their Oppofites, thereby throwing the Roof into a Variety of Intaglio’s, as the Term is, which are no other than little orna- mental Carvings at the Clofmgs and Croffings of the Lines. On the Arches of the Pillars are Galle- ries of double Columns, 15 Feet wide, covering the Side-Ifies, and enlightened by a middle Range of Windows, over which there is an upper Range of larger Windows; by thefe and the under Range, together with the four capital Windows, facing the N. S. E. and W. the whole Fabric is fo admirably enlightened, that in the Day-time you are never dazzled with a Glare, nor incommoded with Dark- nefs< In the Walls between the Columns were ihallow Niches, arched about eight or ten Feet high, on which the Arms of the original Benefac- tors were depleted, and over them in Saxon Charac- ters, their Titles, &c, but thefe are almoft all de- faced by the Monuments of the Dead, which are placed before them. The next Thing obfervable is the fine Paintings in the great Weft Window, of Abraham , Ifaac , and Jacoby Mofes and Aaron y and the 12 Patriarchs; the Arms of his prefent Majefty, K. Sebert , and Elizabeth ; K, Edward the ConfeJJor ; and the late worthy Dean, Dr. Wilcox , Bifhop gf Rochejler ; this Window was fet up in the Year 1733, and is very curious ; to the Left of which, in a letter Win- dow, is a Painting of one of our Kings (fuppofed of Richard jl Of Westminster- Abbey Richard II. ) but the Colours being of a Water Blue, no particular Face can be diftinguifhed. In the Window, on the other Side the great Window, you will fee a lively Reprefentation of Edward the • Con - fejjor in his Robes, and under his Feet his Arms painted. There are fome other Remains of this ancient Art fcattered up and down in the Windows, but none fo perfedi as thefe. Having now taken a Survey of the open Parts of this Church, the next Thing to be viewed is the Choir, which you can only fee during the Times of divine Service; the* grand Entrance into which is by a Pair of Iron Gates finely wrought. The floor is paved with the fineft black and white Marble : The ancient Stalls are covered with Gothic acute Arches, lupported by fmall Pillars of Iron, and painted Pur- ple; but what you fhould particularly remark, is an ancient Painting near the Pulpit, of that moft beau- tiful Prince Richard II. fitting in a Chair of Gold, and drefled in a Veft of Green flowered with Gold, having on Shoes of Gold powdered with Pearls. This Piece is in Length fix Feet eleyen Inches, and in Breadth three Feet feven Inches; the lower Part much defaced. The next Thing to be remarked, is the fine Altar enclofed with a curious Balluftre, within which is a Pavement of Mofaic Work, made at the Charge of Abbot Ware , and faid to be the moft beautiful in its Kind of any in the World. By fome Latin Verfes it appears, that the Stones where- of it is compofed are of Porphyry, and that it was laid in the Year 1272, near 490 Years ago. The Altar, which had formerly ftood in a Chapel at Whitehall , is a ftately and beautiful Piece of Marble, and was removed from the Stores at Hampton-Court in the Year 1707, by Order of her late Majefty Q. Anne , who prefented it to this Church. On each Side the Altar are Marble Doors open- and its Curiosities. 13 opening into St. Edward's Chapel, where our Kings retire to refrefh at their Coronations. There are feveral Afcents to the Roof of this Church, particularly one at the Weft Corner of the North Crofs, another at the Eaft Corner of the South Crofs ; and over the South-Weft Tower are fmall Chambers, faid to have been formerly the Habita- tion of Bradjhaw , President of the Rebels bloody Court, where he ended his Days in deep Melan- choly before the Reftoration. Of Henry Vllth’s Chapel. H AVING now faid as much as will be thought necelTary, without being tedious, of what re- lates to the Architecture of this ancient Abbey, it remains ftiil to fay fomething of that famous Build- ing called Henry Vllth’s Chapel, which, as we have already hinted, is undoubtedly of much later Date than the Fabric we have been defcribins;. This Won - der of the Worlds as it may well be ftiled, is adorned without with 16 Gothic Towers, all beautifully or- namented with admirable Ingenuity, and jutting from the Building in different Angles. It is fitu- ate to the Eaft of the Abbey, to which it is fo neat- ly joined, that at a fuperficial View it appears to be one and the fame Building. It is enlightened by a double Range of Windows that throw the Light into fuch a happy Difpofition, as at once to pleafe the Eye and infpire Reverence. In the Towers are Niches, in which flood a Number of Statues, that for Expreffion were hardly to be equalled ; but thefe were removed by Order of the Rump Parliament, left they ftiould tumble upon the Heads of feme of its Members. Thefe Towers are joined to the Roof, and made to {Lengthen it by Gothic Arches. C The 14 Of Westminster-Abbey The Afcent to thelnfide is from the Eaft End o the Abbey by Steps of black Marble under a ftatel) Portico, which leads to the Gates opening to the Body or Nave of the Chapel, before you entei which you may obferve a Door on each Hand, opening into the Side-Ifles ; for it is compofed of a Nave and Side-Ifles, every Way anfwering the Plan of a Cathedral. The Gates by which you enter the Nave are well worth your Obfervation : They are of Brafs moll curioufly wrought in the Manner of Frame-Work, having in every other open Pan- ne! a Rofe and Portcullis alternately. Being enter- ed, your Eye will naturally be directed to the lofty Ceiling, which is wrought with fuch aftonifhine Va- riety of Figures as no Defcription can reach ; the Stalls are of brown Wainfcot with Gothic Canopies, moft beautifully carved, as are the Seats with ftrange Devices; more particularly the Carving under the Seats are monftrous Repreientations of beaftly Ac- tions, but fo ftrongly expreffed by the Artificer, that nothing on Wood is now remaining equal to it : The Pavement is of black and white Marble, done at the Charge of Dr. Killigrew , once Prebendary of this Abbey, as appears by two Infcriptions, one on a Plate of Brafs infixed in the Rife towards the Foun- ders Tomb; the other cut in the Pavement. The Eaft View fromthe Entrance prefents you with the Brafs Chapel and Tomb of the Founder, and round it, where the Eaft End forms a Semicircle, are the Chapels of the Duke of Buckingham and Richmond , and the open Spaces and Windows, where is the Tomb of Sheffield Duke of Buckingham , and the Ef- figy of the Countefs of Richmond . The Side Ifles open to the Nave at the Eaft End, on each Side the Founder’s Tomb; and at the Eaft End ot the South Me is the Royal Vault; and of the other, the Mo- numents of the Princes murdered; the Walls, as well of the Nave as of the South Ifles, are wrought into and its Curiosities. 15 t ■y ie :r I, >? e T y j e j t into the moft curious Imagery imaginable, and con- tain 120 large Statues of Patriarchs, Saints, Martyrs, and Confeffprs, placed in Niches, under which are Angels fupporting Imperial Crowns, befides in- numerable frnali ones, all of them efteemed fo cu- rious, that the belt Mailers have travelled from a- broad to copy them. The Windows, which are 13 on each Side above, and as many below, in the North and South Hies, befides the fpacious Eaft Window, jut out into the Gothic Towers, and were formerly of painted or diapered Glafs, having in every Pain a white Rofe, the Badge of L ancafi er , or an ^3 the initial Letter of the Founder’s Name, and Portculliffes, the Badge of the Beaufort's , crowned, of which there are fome now remaining. The Roof is flattifh, and is fupported on Arches between the Naye and the Side Hies, which turn upon twelve ilately Gothic Pillars curioufly adorned with Fi- gures, Fruitage, and Foliage. The Length of this Chapel within is 99 Feet, the Breadth 66, and the Height 54. We fhall now proceed to the Curiofities that are ufually ftiewn to Strangers in Wejlminji er- Abbey . 1 Of the Tombs and other Monuments in the several Chapels. W E have already taken Notice that there are ten enclofed Chapels belonging to Wejlmin- Jler-Abbey , including Henry Vllth’s, juft now defcri- bed; but as it would be a tedious Work to enter minutely into a Defcription of each, we fhall rather chufe to go Hand in Hand with your Guides, in giving you an Account of their Contents. The Names of the feveral Chapels, beginning from the South Crofs, and fo palling round to the North Crofs, are, in Order, as follow: i. St. Be- 16 Of Westminster-Abeey nediil ; 2. St. Edmund ; 3. St. Nicholas-, 4. Henry VII. 5. St. PW; 6. St. Bapti/l -, 7. T/frp’s Chapel; 8. St . John the Evangelijl \ 9. St. Michael ; and 10. St. Andrew: Befides which, the Chapel of Edward the Confejfor Hands as it were in the Cen- j ter ; and, as has been faid, is inclofed in the Body i of the Church. Of the Tombs in the Chapel of St. Benedict. I N the Chapel of St. Benedict you are fhewn an ancient Tomb of Free-ftone, railed with iron on the Side next the Area, having formerly a Canopy ! of Wood now quite demolifhed and broken away; ( on which lies the Image of Archbifhop Langham , who was nrft a Monk, afterwards a Prior, then an . ] Abbot of Wefminfter , and laflly Archbifhop of Can- terbury . There is a Latin Epitaph round his Tomb, fetting forth, “ that he was Monk, Prior, and Ab- “ bot of this Abbey ; afterwards elefted Bifhop of “ London-, but Ely being then alfo vacant, he macfe “ Choice of that See; that he was Primate and “ Chancellor of England-, Prieft-Cardinal, after- c< wards Bifhop-Cardinal of Prenejle ; and Nuncio “ from the Pope : And that he died on the Feaft “ of St. Mary Magdalen , in the Year 1376, on ££ whofe Soul God have Mercy, and grant him the “' Joys of Heaven for the Merits of Chri/lP He was made Cardinal by Pope Urban V. with the Ti- tle of St. Sextus, but was deprived of his Archbi- fhoprick by King Edtvard the Third, for being pro- moted without his Confent : In 1 369 he was made Bifhop-Cardinal of Prenejle, by Pope Gregory XI. and had the Profits affigned him of the Archdea- conries of Taunton and Wells ; founded a Houfe of Carthufans at Avignon in Provence , at which Place he was firfb buried, and afterwards removed here. Next and its Curiosities. 17 Next is a ftately and curious Monument of black and white Marble, on which are two Images in a cumbent Pofture, reprefenting an ancient Noble- man in his Robes, with his Lady. This Monu- ment was eredted in Memory of Lyouel Cranfield , Earl of Middlefex , by his Relift Lady Anne : The Latin Infcription on this Monument is to this Ef- fect : “ Sacred to the Memory of Lyonel Lord Cranfield , “ Earl of Middlefex , who by that difcerning Prince “ K. fames I. being called to Court, was for his “ excellent Parts bountifully rewarded both with ££ Hdfcours and Fortune ; being made Mafter of the “ Requefts, and of the Wardrobe ; Prefident of the “ Court of Wards, and Privy-Counfellor. The ££ new and illuftrious, as well as difficult Province “ of Lord Treafurer of England , he fill’d; which <£ Services, (how indefatigably he underwent) his ££ Titles of Knight, Baron Cranfield, and laftly Earl “ of Middlefex , with various other Honours, abun- dantly teftify. From hence Envy fwelling, its utmoft Efforts were exerted to raife Storms'a- “ gainft him. Whilft he boldly ftanding on his “ Guard, encouraged by the Confcioufnefs of his “ Innocence, was fhamefully tofTed about ; but <£ happily efcaping Shipwreck, in a compofed Win- “ ter of Life, caft Anchor, and finifhed his Courfe <£ in a retired Leifure. Here lying concealed, be- “ ing weary’d outfirft, and wafted afterwards, this “ Pilot was roufed up to undertake a fafer Voyage, “ and made the Port of Heaven. He died the 6th ££ of Augvjl , 1645, aged about 70. He was twice t£ married ; by his firft Wife he had three Daugh- “ ters, Elizabeth, late Countefs of Mulgrave \ Mar - “ tha , Countefs of Monmouth ; and Mary, who died “ unmarried. By the fecond, who furvived him, t£ he had three Sons and two Daughters, James > “ Heir to the Honour of Earl Middlefex ; Lyonel C 3 “ and 18 Of Westminster-Abbey ^ and Edward ; Frances , Lady Buckhurjl ; and 5 ^- u fauna , who died an Infant. Near Bifhop Langhatns Tomb, is another about 1 8 Inches from the Ground, on which is engraved on a Brafs Plate the Figure of an old Man in a Doc- tor *s Habit, defigned for Dr. William Bill , Dean of Wejlminjler , Mafter of iita/z College, Head of Tri- nity in Ca?nbridge , and chief Almoner to Q. Eliza - betb^ as appears by his Infcription. He died July 5th, 1561. On a Brafs Plate are fome Latin Verfes, letting forth, “ that he was a good and learned “ Man, and a Friend to thofe that were fo j that he was juft and charitable ; and that the Pfer, as well as the three Colleges over which he pre- Tided, fuftained an irreparable Lofs by his 66 Death.” On the Eaft, on the very Spot where flood the Altar of St. Benedict, is now a fine Monument of various Kinds of Marble, to the Memory of Lady France r, Countefs of Hertford \ who is here repre- fented in her Robes in a cumbent Pofture* with her Head refting on an embroidered Cufhion, and her Feet on a Lion’s Back. The fculpture of this Mo- nument is extremely curious, and well worth Atten- tion. It feems to reprefent a ftately Temple, where the Enfigns and Devices of the noble Families of Somerfct and Effingham , appear to be the chief Or- naments. The Latin Infcriptions fet forth, “ That fhe was Wife to the noble Earl of Hertford , Son to the renowned Prince Edward*, Duke of Somer- u fet , Earl of Hertford , V ifcount Beauchamps and Baron Seymour : That fhe was Daughter to the Noble Lord William , Baron Howard , of Effing- ** ha?n , Knight of the Garter, High Admiral to Q. “ Mary , and Lord Chamberlain and Privy Seal to Q. Elizabeth , &c. That for her many Graces both of Mind and Body, fhe was highly favoured by her gracious Sovereign, and dearly loved by w her and its Curiosities. 19 44 her noble Lord* who, in Teftimony of his in- 44 violable Attention, confecrated to her Memory 44 this Monument. She died in the 44th Year of 44 her Age, May 14th, 1598.” On the South Side, of this Chapel is a Monument affixed to the Wall, to the Memory of Dr. Gabriel Goodman , who is here reprefented kneeling in his proper Habit. The Latin Infeription intimates, 44 That he was the fifth Dean of this Church, over 44 which he prefided for 40 Years with much Ap- 44 plaufe ; that he founded an Hofpital, and infti- 44 tuted a School, at Ruthin , in Denbigh/hire , where 44 he was bom ; that he was a Man of a regular and 44 devout Life; and that he died in 1601, aged 44 73.” — This Dr. Goodman was the firft who raifed the learned Cambden from Obfcurity, by making him fecond Matter of WeJlminJler-ScbooL , and de- fraying the Expences of feveral of his Journies in Search of Antiquities. On the fame Side, and under the adjoining Arch, is a neat Table Monument of white Marble, to the Memory of George Sprat , fecond Son of Dr. Thomas Sprat , Biflhop of Rochejler , and Dean of Wejiminjler , by his Wife Helena , defeended from the ancient and honourable Family of the Woljleys in Staffordjhire , who lies interred in the Chapel of St. Nicholas . He died an Infant of a Year old, in 1683. Befides thofe above recited, there lies interred in this Chapel, Catherine , Daughter to Dr. Dolben , Bi- fhop of Rochejler , Dean of Wejiminjler , and after- wards Archbifhop of York ; a Countefs of Kildare in Ireland ; and Dr. John Spotfwood Lord Archbiihop of St. Andrew' s, rrimate and Lord Chancellor of Scotland , who died in 1640. Between this Chapel and the next, you will ob- ferve affixed in the Wall, a Monument of Mofaic Work, the Sides in plain Pannels, but the Top of the Table wrought in Figures, faidto be done with the 20 Of Westminster-Abbey ■ the fame Kind of Stones as the Floor before thel Altar, and erected for the Children of Henry III. andH Edward I* Over this Tomb is fomething which® feems to have been a Piece of Church Perfpe Knt. He is repre- sented in a cumbent Pofture, habited in his Coro- nation Robes, with his Infant Son at his Feet. His Lady was efteemed the Sappho of her Age, be- ing well verfed in the learned Languages, and an excellent Poet; five of the Epitaphs on this Tomb are of her Compofition, of which three are in La- tin^ one in Greeks and the other in Englijh ; which is here tranfcribed as a Specimen, the reft being to the fame Import : Right noble twice, by Virtue and by Birth, Of Heaven lov’d, and honour’d on the Earth ; His Country’s Hope, his Kindred’s chief Delight, My Hulband dear, more than this Worlds Light, Death hath me reft. But I from Death will take His Memory, to whom this Tomb I make. Z ohn was his Name (ah, was !) Wretch, muft I fay; ord RuJJel once, now my tear-thirfty Clay. Affixed to the Wall near this Monument are two others, one to the Memory of Lady Jane Seymour , Daughter to Edward Duke of Somerfet , who died March and its Curiosities. 25 March the 19th, 1560, aged nineteen; the other to the Right Honourable the Lady Katharine Knoi - lys, chief Lady of the Queen’s Bed-chamber, and Wife to Sir Francis Knollys , Knt. Treafurer of her Highnefs’s Houihold. She died Jan. the 15th, 1568. This Lady Knoliys and Lord Hunfdon , her Brother, were the only Children of William Cdrey y Efq; by Lady Mary his Wife, one of the Daugh- ters and Heirs of Fhoinas Bulleyne y Earl of Wiltjhire and Or?nond y and Sifter to Ann Bulleyne y Queen of England , Wife to Henry VIII. Father and Mother to Queen Elizabeth . What is farther remarkable. Lady Knollys' s only Daughter was Mother to the fa- vourite Earl of EJfex . Under the Window that fronts you when you enter, is a very ancient Monument, reprefenting a Gothic Chapel, and in it the Figure of a Knight in Armour, in a cumbent Pofture, with his Feet reft- ing on a Lion’s Back. This was eredled for Sir Bernard Brocas y of Baurepaire in the County of Hants , ( Gutherie calls him Brokehoufe) Chamberlain to Ann y Queen to Richard II. But this Princefs dying, and Richard falling under the Difpleafure of his People, who depofed him. Sir Bernard ftill ad- hered to his Royal Mafter in his Misfortunes, which coft him his Life ; for being concerned with many others in an unfuccefsful Attempt to reftore him to the Crown, he fhared the common Fate of almoft all the Leaders in that Confpiracy, and was executed, as fome fay, at Oxford , but others, on better Grounds, that he was taken at Readings and from thence removed to London , and publick- ly beheaded on Tower-Hill , Jan . 1399, and here buried. Next adjoining to the Weft Side of this is the Monument of Sir Richard Peckfall y Knt. Mafter of the Buck-Hounds to Q^ Elizabeth ; firft married to Alianer y the Daughter of William Pawlei y Marquis D of 26 Of Westminster-Abbey of Winchefier , by whom he had four Daughters ; and afterwards to Alianer , Daughter to John Cot- grave , who ere&ed this Monument to his Memory, as appears by the Infcription : On the Bafis of the Pillars are Latin Verfes thus translated ; v Death can’t disjoin, whom Ghrijl hath join’d in Love. Life leads to Death, and Death to Life above. In Heaven’s a happier Place, frail Things defpife, Live well, to gain in future Life the Prize. Near this is an ancient Monument of grey Mar- ble, on which, in plated Brafs, is the Figure of a Knight in Armour, his Head reclined upon his Helmet, and one of his Feet placed upon a Leo- pard, the other on an Eagle. By the Latin Infcrip- tion this Knight was Humphry Bourchier , Son and Heir to John Bourchier , Lord Earners ; who, efpou- fing the Caufe of Edward IV. againft the Earl of Warwick , was flain in the Battle of Barnet-fi 4 on Bajler-Day 1471, tho’ the King was victorious* On the Right Hand as you enter this Chapel is the ancient Monument of William de Valence , lying in a cumbent Pofture on a Cheft of Wainfcot placed upon a Tomb of Grey Marble; the Figure is Wood, covered originally with Copper gilt, as was the Cheft in which it lies, but the greateft Part has been filched away ; and of 30 fmall Images that were placed in little Brafs Niches round it, fcarce one remains entire. This William de Valence was Earl of Pembroke , and Son to the Earl of March , by Ifabel Widow to King John% and being Half-Brother to Henry III. was made Prime-Minifter to that Prince, which brought upon him the Odium of the Barons. Being unable to maintain his Poft, he was at length, in 1237, forced to Ay* Raving his Lands in Mort- gage to one Aaron a Jew at York> for 90 Marks in Gold ; and its Curiosities. 27 Gold ; which feems to have been a confiderable Sum, by the Account given of the Splendor of his Equipage at his Departure. About two Years after having fquandered his Money abroad, the King in-* terefted himfelf in his Favour; and, having follicit- ed his Return, bellowed upon him the Government of Hertford-CajHe , of which he made a wanton IJfe ; for, being a Foreigner, and for that Reafon hated by the Englifl. ;, he flipt no Opportunity to mortify them : Matthew Paris gives one Inilance among many of his infolent Behaviour to the Biihop of Ely , whofe Park at Hatfield lying contiguous to his Government, Valence forcibly entered it without the Bithop’s Leave, and having hunted till he was tired, broke open thp Bifhop’s Houfe, Pantries, and Cel- lars, and feafting himfelf and Followers till they were gorged and drunk, committed the moft tu- multuous Outrages, pulling out the Taps of the Cafks that were empty, and broaching thofe that were full, fuffering what they left to run about the Cellars, and beating the Servants unmercifully that oppofed their Riot. This done they went off laughing at their Mifchief. In the Year 1258, he was again banifhed, together v/ith many other Fo- reigners, who had made themfelves obnoxious to the Englijh Barons ; however, in 1264, we find him once more in England at the Battle of Ever- fi)am , where the King was taken Prifoner by the Barons, and he with 400 Cuiraffiers, fled to the Caftle of Pevenfy till they found Means to tran- fport themfelves into France , where in 1296 he was fiain at Bayonne treacheroufly. His Body was after- wards brought to England , and honourably buried, in this Chapel, and an Indulgence of 1 00 Days granted to all devout People who fhould offer up Prayers for his Soul. Near to Valence , is a moft magnificent Monu- ment, partly enclofed, to the Memory of Edward D 2 Talbot y 2 8 Of Westminster-Abeey Talbot? eighth Earl of Sbrewjbury , and his Lady Jane eldeft Daughter and Coheirefs of Cuthberi Baron Ogle, whole Effigies in their Robes lie on a black Marble Table, fupported by a Pedeftal of Alabafter. This Monument is finely ornamented, and the Carving on the various coloured Marble is e&quifite. The Infcription contains nothing more than his Titles and Charadter, which is in- deed very high : He was honourable without Pride : Pot ent without Oftentation : Religious without Superftition : Liberal both in Mind and Bounty : W arded ever againft Fortune, his w r hole Life was a Path of Juftice : and his Innocence efcaping Envy, continued through the v/hole Courfe of his Life. He died February 8th, 1617, in the 57th Year of his Age. On the Floor of this Chapel is a Tomb two Feet high, on which is a Lady in a Widow’s Drefs with a Barb and Veil, cut in Brafs, round which is an Infcription in old French , importing that Aiianer de Bohun , Daughter and Heirefs of Sir Humphry de Bohun , Earl of Hertford , EJfex , and Northampton , and Wife to the mighty and noble Prince of '*tVoQdJhck+ Duke of Gloucejler , Earl of EJfex and Buckingham , Son to Henry III. lies interred here. — This Lady, who was the greateft Heirefs in England , was de- prived of her Hufband by the Cruelty of his Ne- phew, Richard II. who, jealous of his Popularity, moft treacheroufly betrayed him by a Shew” of Friendfhip ; for coming to vifit him at Plafy , a pleafant Seat of his in EJfex , and flaying Supper, in Duty he thought to attend his Majefty to Town ; but at Stratford was fuddenly furrounded by an Am- bufh of armed Men, wdio privately hurried him on board a Ship, and carried him to Calais , where by the King’s Order, he was ftifled between Feather- Beds. After this melancholy Accident his Lady fpent the reft of her Days in the Nunnery at Bark - and its Curiosities. 29 ingj and died October 3, 1399; from whence her Remains were brought, and here interred. The Duke her Hufband was murdered in 1397. Mary Countefs of Stafford , Wife to the unfor- tunate Vifcount Stafford , beheaded in the Reign of King Charles IL on Tower-Hill^ has alfo a Table Monument of white Marble near the above/ She was lineally defcended from the noble Petfohages juft mentioned, and from the Barons and Earls t>f Stafford , and was Daughter and Heirefs to the noble Houfe of Buckingham . Lord Siafford was be- headed December 29, 1680; the Countefs died in "January 1693. Againft: the Wall, above the Duke of Suffolk's Monument, is one eredted to the Memory of Mary Countefs of Stafford , and of Henry Earl of Stafford her Son, who died abroad in 1719? and was buried in this Chapel. In this Chapel are likewife interred fome other Perfons of lefs Note than thofe already defcribed ; particularly Henry Feme , D. D. Biftiop of Chejler , which he lived to enjoy but five Weeks, dying March 1.^ 1662. Thefb is alfo an Archbifhop buried here, as ap- pears by a very antique Figure in a Mafs Habit, engraven on a Brafs Plate, and placed on a flat Stone in the Pavement, over the Remains of Robert de JValby ; who, as appears by the Infcription, was firft an Auguffm Monk, and attended Edward the Black Prince , into France , where, being young, he pro- fecuted his Studies, and made a furprizing Progrefs in natural and moral Philofophy, Phyfic, the Lan- guages, and in the Canon Law ; and being like- wife an eloquent Preacher and found Divine, was made Divinity Profeftbr in the Univerfity of Thou - loufe ; where he continued till called by Richard IL to the Bifhopric of Mart ; from whence he was re- moved to the Archbifhopric of Dublin } but not lik- D 3 ing 30 Of Westminster-Abbey ing that Country, upon the firft Vacancy he was recalled, and advanced to the See of Chichejier ; and afterwards to the Archbifhopric of York . Such is the Hiftory of this great Man, who died May 29, 1397, as gathered from an Infcription formerly very legi- ble but now almoft obliterated. There is another Grave-ftone on the Weft Side of this Chapel, of black Marble, facred to the Me- mory of Edward Lord Herbert , Baron of Cherlury in England , and of Cajlle-lfland in Ireland^ who died December 9, 1678, aged 46. Of the Tombs, &c. in the Chapel of St. Nicholas. r T'HE third, in Order, is the Chapel of St. A 7 - A cholas , near the Entrance whereof, on your Left Land, you will fee a Monument of black Marble, finely polifhed, and adorned with Cheru- binis. The Figures are in Alabafter, as rs likewife the Scroll, on which a long Infcription in Englijh is fairly written, fetting forth the Defcent and Mar- riage of Lady Jane Clifford , youngeft Daughter to the Duke of Somerfet , and Wife to Charles Lord Clifford and Dungarvan ; who died November 23, 1679. Adjoining to the Door, on the fame Side, is a Monument of Alabafter, ere&ed for Lady Cecily Lady of the Bed-Chamber to Queen Elizabeth , and Daughter of Lord Cobham. ; who having married Sir Robert Cecil , Son to William Lord Burleigh ^ Treafu- rer of England , died in Child-bed two Years after, viz. in 1591. The Latin Infcription is a Dialogue between herfelf and Hufband, expreffing their mu- tual Affection. But what will chiefly excite your Admiration, is a moft magnificent Temple of various coloured Marble erected to the Memory of Anne Dutchefs of Somerfet , and its Curiosities. g* Somerfei,, Wife to Edward Duke of Somerfet , Bro- ther to K. Henry VUIth’s third Wife, Queen Jane Seymour , and Uncle to Edward VI. and fome Time Regent during his Minority ; but afterwards dif- graced, accufed of treafonable and felonious Prac- tices againft the King and Council, tried by his Peers, acquitted of Treafon, but condemned of Felony in levying armed Men contrary to Law. For which Crime he was fentenced to be hanged, but in Refpe£t to his Quality, was beheaded on Tower-Hill^ January 22, 1551. Our Hiftorians fay, that at his Trial, when he was acquitted of the Treafon, and the Tower- Ax was removed, the Peo- ple imagining the Duke was wholly cleared, fet up a Shout which was heard in Long- Acre’) and fome Perfons, before the fecond Vote paffed, took Horfe and polled into the Country, where they difperfed the joyful News of the Duke’s total Acquittal ; in Confequence whereof many Profecutions were af- terwards commenced on Account of the Joy the People difcovered on that Occafion. The Infcrip- tion on this Tomb is in Latin and Englijh , and con- tains a pompous Detail of the noble Lineage of this great Lady (who was Daughter to Sir Edward Stan- hope , by Elizabeth Daughter of Foulke Bourchier , Lord Fitz-JVaren) her Alliances, and Ifliie; and has no- thing otherwife remarkable in it. She died April 16, 1587, at Hamworth , aged 90. Next to this is a ftately Monument to the Me- mory of Lady Elizabeth Fane , Daughter to Robert Baron Spencer , of JVormleigbton-> and Wife to Sir George Fane^ of Bujlon in Kent ; remarkable, fays her Infcription, for her ancient Defcent; but more for her own Virtues. She died in 1618, aged 28. Beneath this, and affixed to the Wall, is an an- cient Monument of grey Marble finely wrought, placed over Nicholas Baron Carew , and the Lady Margaret his Wife, Daughter of John Lord Dinham y and 32 Of Westminster-Abbey and I believe Mother to Sir Nicholas Carew , behead ed in Henry VUIth’s Time for holding a Correfpon- dence with Cardinal de la Pole , and fpiriting up Rebellion on Account of Religion, as were man) others in that arbitrary Reign. He died December 6 147 p : She December 13, the fame Year. On a Grave-jft one beneath this T omb, engraven oji Brafs, is the Portrait of Sir Humphrey Stanley knighted by Henry VII. for his gallant Behaviour under his Coufin Lord Stanley at the Battle of Bof worth-field . He died March 12, 1505. Next to this is one of the moft coftly and mag- nificent Monuments in the whole Abbey, erected by the great Lord Burleigh , to the Memory of Mil- dred his Wife, and their Daughter Lady Anne , Coun- ters of Oxford . It is the Reprefentation oLa ftately Temple, the Materials whereof are of Porphyry, and other Kinds of Marble gilt with Gold. It is divided into two Compartments, one elevated over the other. In the lower Compartment in a cum- bent Pofture, lies Lady Burleigh , with her Daugh- ter, Lady Jane, in her Arms ; and at her Head and Feet are her Children and Grandchildren kneeling. In the upper Compartment is the Figure of a vene- rable old Man, in the Robes and Enfigns of the Garter, kneeling very devoutly, as if at fervent Prayer ; fuppofed to be defigned for Lord Burleigh . On this Tomb is a long Latin Infcription explaining the Figures, and fetting forth their refpedlive Virtues and Accomplifhments, particularly thofe of Lady Burleigh , who, fays the Infcription, was well verfed in the Sacred Writers, and thofe chiefly of the Greeks, as Bafiil the Great, Chryfojlome, Gregory Na - zianzen, See . She gave a Scholarfhip to St. John’s College in Oxford , Legacies to the Poor of Rumford where ihe was born, and to thofe of Ghefhunt where fhe lived ; and left Money at both Places to be dis- tributed every other Year to pogr Tradefinen. She died and its Curiosities. 33 died, after being 40 Years married, April 4, 1589, aged 63. Her Daughter Anne married, at fifteen, Edward Vere, Earl of Oxford , and died June 5, 1588, 17 Years after, leaving three Daughters. Next to this is a Monument eredted to the Me- mory of William de Dudley , alias Sutton , Son of John Lord Dudley : He was Archdean of Middlefex , Dean of Windfor , and in 1476 Lord Bifhop of Durham . He died in 1483. Another very ftately Monument to the Memory of Lady Winifrid , married firft to Sir Richard Sack - ville, Knt. and afterwards to John Paulet , Marquis of Winchejler . On the Bafe before this Monument, are the Figures of a Knight armed and kneeling, facing him is a Lady in deep Mourning kneel- ing alfo ; behind whole Back, on abaptifmal Font, lies an Infant in a cumbent Failure, its Head fu- ported by a Pillow, alluding perhaps to her firft Marriage and IiTue; being represented on the Tomb in her Robes of State, and beneath her Head an embroidered Cuihion. The Latin Epitaph im- ports, that file was defcended of illuftrious Parents, and married fit ft a Gentleman of an ancient Houfe, whofe Anceftors were renowned before the Con- queror’s Time ; that her fecond Hufband was of noble Blood; and that being fevered from both by Death, her Soul would rejoice in Chrijl for ever. On the Weft Side of this Chapel is an antient Monument of Free-ftone, which has nothing very curious but its Appearance of Antiquity to recom- mend it. It was eredted to the Memory of Lady Rofs, Daughter to Edward Earl of Rutland , whofe Son William , by William Cecil Lord Burleigh , was at her Funeral, after Service in the Church, proclaim- ed by the Title of Lord Rofs of Hamlake , Turjbut , and Belvoir , though but one Year old ; and after- wards, in the Reign of James I. when he came at 34 Of W estmin$ter-Abbe y Age, claimed the Baronies of Aofsj Hamlake , Turf but and Belvoir , in right of his Mother, againft Francis Manners , Earl of Rutland ; but the King feems to have compromifed the Matter, by award- ing that Cecil fhould be ftiled Lord Rofs of Hoi - dernefs ; and the other Lord Rofs of Hamlake , and to take Place below him# But Cecil dying on his Travels, the Barony of Rofs revolved to the Family of Rutland . Againft the Wall, on your right Hand as you enter is a Gothic Monument, with the Effigy of a Lady in Robes very antique. This Lady, by the Infcription, appears to be Philippa 5 fecond Daughter and Coheir to John Lord Mcbun , of Dunjlar ; firft married to Edward Plant a t genet, Duke of York-, and afterwards, to Sir Walter Fiiz- Walter, Knt. by neither of whom fhe appears to have had Iffue. She died in 1433. In this Chapel are two beautiful Pyramids ; the large ft eredted to the Memory of Nicholas Bagenall , a Child of two Months old, over-laid by his Nurfe, March the 7th, 1688; the other, to the Memory of Anna Sophia Harley , a Child of a Year old. Daughter to the Hon. Chrijiopher Harley , Ambaf- fadcr from the French King ; whofe Heart, as ap- pears by the Infcription, he caufed to be enclofed in a Cup, and placed upon the Top of the Pyra- mid. She died in 1605. In the Middle of this Chapel is a fine raifed Mo- nument of polifhed. Marble, to the Memory of Sir George Villars and his Lady, Mary Beaumont created Countefs of Buckingham in 1618. She died April 195 1632, aged 62, whofe Son, by the Favour of King James I. was advanced to the Dignity of Duke of Buckingham , and afterwards in the third Year of King Charles I. ftabbed by Felton becaufe he had by his Meafures brought upon himfeif the public Hatred, This is that Sir George VHlars of whofe and its Curiosities, 35 whofe Appearance* in order to forewarn his Son of his approaching Fate, Lord Clarendon relates the following Story : There was, fays he, an Officer in the King’s Wardrobe in JVindfir Cafde, of a good Reputation for Honefty and Difcretion, and then about the Age of fifty Years or more : This Man had, in his Youth, been bred in a School in the Parifh where Sir George Villars the Father of the Duke lived ; and had been much cherilhed and obliged, in that Sea- fon of his Age, by that Gentleman, whom after- wards he never faw. About fix Months before the miferable End of the Duke of Buckingham , about Midnight, this Man being in his Bed at WindfoVy where his Office was, and in very good Health, there appeared to him on the Side of his Bed, a Man of a venerable Afpeft, who drew the Cur- tains of his Bed, and fixing his Eyes upon him, alked him, if he knew him ? The poor Man, half dead with Fear and Apprehenfion, being afked the fecond time, Whether he remembered him ? And having in that Time called to his Memory the Pre- fence of Sir George Villars , and the very Cloaths he ufed to wear, in which he then feemed to be ha- bited, he anfwered him, That he thought him to be that Ferfon. He replied, 44 he was in the u Right ; that he was the fame, and that he ex™ 44 pedded a Service from him ; which was, that he 44 fhouid go from him to his Son the Duke of 44 Buckingham , and tell him, if he did not fome- 44 what to ingratiate hinifelf to the People, or, at 44 leaft, to abate the extreme Malice they had 44 againft him, he would be fuffered to live but a 44 fliort Time.” After this Difcourfe he difap- peared; and the poor Man, if he had been at all waking, flept very well till Morning when he be- lieved all this to be a Dream, and confidered it no otherwife. The 36 Of Westminster-Abbey The next Night, or fhortly after, the fame Per fon appeared to him again in the fame Place, anc about the fame Time of the Night, with an Afped a little more fevere than before; and afked him Whether he had done as he had required him ? anc perceiving he had not, gave him very fevere Re* prehenfions ; told him, 44 He expected more Com 44 pliance from him; and that if he did not per- 44 form his Commands, he fhould enjoy no Peace 44 of Mind, but fhould be always purfued by him Upon which, he promifed to obey him. But the next Morning waking out of a good Sleep, though he was exceedingly perplexed with the lively Re- prefentation of all Particulars to his Memory, he was willing ftill to perfuade himfelf that he had on- ly dreamed : And confidered, that he was a Perfon at fuch a Diftance from the Duke, that he knew not how to find any Admiifion to his Prefence \ much lefs had any Hope to be believed in what he fhould fay. So with great Trouble and Unquietnefs, he fpent fome Time in thinking what he fhould do ; and in the End refolved to do nothing in the Mat- ter. The fame Perfon appeared to him the third Time with a terrible Countenance, and bitterly reproach- ed him for not performing what he had promifed to do. The poor Man had by this Time recovered the Courage to tell him, 44 That in Truth he had 44 deferred the Execution of his Commands, upon 44 confidering, how difficult a Thing it would be 44 for him to get any Accefs to the Duke, having 44 Acquiantance with no Perfon about him ; and if 44 he Could obtain Admiffion to him, he fhould 44 never be able to perfuade him that he was fent 44 in fuch a Manner ; but he fhould, at heft, be 44 thought to be mad, or to be fet on and employ- 44 ed by his own or the Malice of other Men, to 14 abufe the Duke ,; and fo he fhould be fure to be 44 undone.” and its Curiosities* 3-7 u undone*” The Perfon reply’d, as he had done before, 44 That he fhould never find Reft, till he had perform’d what he required ; and therefore | « c he were better to difpatchit : That the Accefs to 1 1 his Son was known to be very eafy ; and that few 44 Men waited long for him ; and for the gaining ! * 4 him Credit, he would tell him two or three Par- | 44 ticulars, which he charged him never to mention | 44 to any Perfon living, but to the Duke himfelf ; 44 and he fhould no fooner hear them, bathe would I ! 44 believe all the reft he fhould fay And fo repeat- ing his Threats he left him. In the Morning, the poor Man, more confirmed | by the laft Appearance, made his Journey to Lon- 1 don , where the Court then was. He was very well known to Sir Ralph Freeman , one of the Matters of | Requefts, who had married a Lady nearly allied to ! the Duke, and who was himfelf well received by him. To him this Man went ; and though he did j! not acquaint him with all Particulars, he faid enough | to him to let him fee there was fome thing extraor- dinary in it; and the Knowledge he had of the So- ; briety, and Difcretion of the Man, made the more Impreflxon in him. He defired, that, 44 by his 44 Means he might be brought to the Duke, to fuch 44 a Place, and in fuch a Manner, as fhould be 44 thought fit; affirming, 44 That he had much to 44 fay to him ; and of fuch a Nature, as would re- 44 quire Privacy, and fome Time and Patience in 44 the Hearing.” Sir Ralph promifed, 44 He would 44 fpeak firft with the Duke of him, and then he 44 fhould underftand his Pleafure And accord- ! ingly, the firft Opportunity, he did inform the i! Duke of the Reputation and Honefty of the Man, and then what he defired, and of all he knew of the Matter. The Duke, according to his ufuaL Condefcenfion, told him, 44 That he was the next 44 Day early to hunt with the King; that his Horfes E 44 fhould 38 Of Westminster-Abbey 44 fliould attend him at Lambeth- Bridge , where h 66 would land by five of the Clock in the Morning 46 and if the Man attended him there at that Horn he would walk, and fpeak with him, as long a 66 fliould be neceflary.” Sir Ralph carried the Mai with him the next Morning, and prefented him t< the Duke, at his landing, who received him cour ieoufly ; and walked afide in Conference with hin near an Hour, none but his own Servants being ther in the Place, and they and Sir R.alph at fuch a Dif- tance, that they could not hear a Word, tho 5 the Duke fometimes fpoke with great C^hrimotion \ which Sir Ralph the more eafily obferved, becaufe he kept his Eyes always fixed upon him. And the Man told him in his Return over the W ater, 44 That when he mentioned thofe Particulars which were * 4 to gain him Credit, the Subftance whereof he faid he durft not impart to him, the Duke’s 44 Colour changed, and he fwore he could come to 44 that Knowledge only by the Devil ; for that thofe' 44 Particulars were known but to himfelf and to one 44 Perfon more, who, he was fure, would never 44 fpeak of ’em.” This Story, which Clarendon has introduced with much Solemnity, is the more remarkable, as, ever after, the Duke appeared abroad with Omens of Misfortune in his Countenance ; his unfteady Mo- tions, his dark Expreffions, his earneftly recom- mending his Wife and Children to be remembered by Bifiiop Laud to his Royal Maffer ; his frequent folitary Interviews with his Mother, and his Reflec- tions upon the tender Ties of Nature, and the En- dearments of Life which he was to leave behind him, amount to more than a bare Prefumption that from the Moment he was made acquainted with the Errand of his deceafed Father, he became ftrongly polled; with the Apprehenfions of his approaching Fate. and its Curiosities. 39 Fate. Sir George died in 1619, an ^ t ^ ie Duke was ftabbed in 1628. Near this Tomb was buried a Son of the Marquis I of Hamilton , who died in 1638. The Marquis him- | felf, after a Life of ftrange Viciffitude, being en- gaged in the long and bloody civil Wars during the Reign of Charles I. was at length, after the Murder | of his Royal Matter, cut off by the Ufurper ; and, together with the Lords Capel and Holland , fell a Sa- crifice to the Policy of thofe unhappy Times, when none were fuffered to live who had Courage to op- pofe the prevailing Fadtion. Near the foremention’d Tomb is interred Elizabeth ' Countefs of Derby , Wife of William Stanley Earl of Derby , eldeft Daughter of Edward de Vere Earl of Oxford; Grand Daughter of Lord Burleigh^ who ; died in 1626. In this Chapel lies interred Algernon Seymour , Duke ! ‘of Somerfet , Earl of Hertford , Northumberland , and Egremont ; Vifcount Beauchamp of Hacche ; Baron : Dercy of Alnwick , in the Country of Northumberland ; Baron Lucy Poynings, Fitz-Payne , Bryan , Latimer , I Beauchamp of Hacche; Baron Seymour of Trowbridge > in the County of Wilts ; Baron Warkworth of Wark - worth Cattle, in the County of Northumberland ; and Baron of Cockermouth , in the County of Cumberland , Lord of the Honours of Cockermouth and Petvjorthj General of Horfe, Colonel of the Royal Regiment of Horfe-Guards, Governor of the Ifland of Guern- fey and Tinmouth Cattle, Lord-Lieutenant of the County of Suffex , &c. He died Feb . 7, 1750. His Banners, hang over the Monument of Lady Refs . Frances , Relidtt of Algernon Duke of Somerfet , el- deft Daughter and Coheirefs of the Honourable Hen- ryThynne , Efq; died July the 7th, 1754. Her Ban- ners hang over Elizabeth Duchefs of Somerfet , George , Lord Vifcount Beauchamp , who died of the Small- E 2 Pax 4© Of Westminstsr-Abbey Pox in France September the nth, 1744, who wa& their only Son is likewife here interred. As you: leave this Chapel, you tread upon the Remains of that great and learned Antiquary, Sir Henry Spelman y who dying in a very advanced Age, was buried at the Door of this Chapel in 1641. Of the Tom b s, in Henry VHth’s J c Chapel, npHIS Chapel, as has been faid, was defignecf * as a Sepulchre, in which none but fuch as were of the Blood-Royal (hould ever be interred ; accordingly, the Will of the Founder has been fo far obferved, that all that have hitherto been ad- mitted are of the higheft Quality, and can trace their Defcent from fome or other of our ancient Kings. What is chiefly to be admired here, as well for Antiquity as fine Workmanfhip, is the magnificent Tomb of Henry VII. and Elizabeth his Queen, the laft of the Houfe of York who wore the Englifh Crown. This Tomb (lands in the Body of the Chapel, enclofed in a curious Chauntry of cad Brafs, moft admirably defigned and executed ; and orna- mented with Statues, of which thofe only of St'. George , St. fames , St. Bartholomew , and St. Edward are now remaining. Within it are the Effigies of the royal Pair, in their Robes of State, lying clofe to one another on a Tomb of black Marble, the Head whereof is fupported by a red Dragon, the Enfign of Cadwallader , the laft King of the Britons , from whom King Henry VII. was fond of tracing his Defcent; and the Foot by an Angel. There are likewife other Devices alluding to his Family and Alliances ; fuch as Portcullifes, finifying his Re- lation to the Bsauforis by his Mother’s Side ; Rofes twifted and its CuRiosiTigs. 41 twifted and crowned in Memory of the Union of the two royal Houfes of Lancafter and York\ and at each End a Crown in a Bufh, referring to the Crown of Richard III. found in a Hawthorn near Bofworth- fieldy where that famous Battle was fought for a Dia- dem; which turning in Favour of Henry , his Im- patience w~as fo great to be crowned, that he caufed the Ceremony to be performed on the Spot, with that very Crown his Competitor had loft. This Prince, than whom none ever was more often t a- tious, upon the Death of his Queen, defired folemn Dirges to be fung, and Malles faid throughout all England \ and having ordered her Body to be em- balmed with Spices, Myrrh, Frankincenfe, and o- ther rich Gums, and wrapped in 60 Ells of fine Holland cered, he caufed it to be enclofed in Lead, and put into a Coffin covered with black Velvet, having a Crofs of white Sarcenet upon it, which in thofe Days was an Emblem of great Sandtity. In this Manner the Corpfe was carried to the Tower Chapel, (her Majefty having died in Child-bed in that Fortrefs) and being there covered with a rich Pall of black Velvet, and a Crofs of Gold, the Cha- pel hung in Mourning, and illuminated with Ta- pers, a lolemn Pater-Nojler for the Soul of the De~ fundi was faid, and then the Coffin being put into a Hearfe covered with black Velvet, with a Crofs of Cloth of Gold fringed and her Effigy in Robes, with the Hair difheveled, laid upon it, having a Crown on her Head, a Scepter in her Hand, and Rings on her Fingers, was removed to JVeJlmmjler- Abbey ^ with great Funeral Pomp, being drawn by fix Horfes a- domed with white Banners of our Lady, in Token of her dying in Child-bed, and followed by eight Ladies of Honour on white Horfes richly caparifon- ed ; attended by a grand Proceffion of Religious, and followed by the Mayor and Commonalty of London , amidft an innumerable Quantity of Torches, E 3 that 42 Of Westminster-Abbey that every where illuminated the Streets as they palled, and made a mod glorious Appearance. At Charing-Crofs , being met by the Abbots of Wejlmin - Jier and Bermundfey , and the whole Convent, the Choir of St. Paul’s left the Proceffion, which was continued to the Abbey, and there clofed by a Fu- neral Oration made by Dr. Fitz fames , then Bifhop of Rochejler . The Funeral Ceremonies of Hen- ry VII. who furvived his Queen but feven Years* were ftill more grand and magnificent ; after his Death, which happened April 21, 1509, in the 53d of his Age, his Body was firft placed in the great painted Chamber, and then in the Chapel, under fumptuous Hearfes, and had folemn Mafs and Dirge fung by a Bifhop at both Places. On TVednefday , May the 6th, the Funeral Solemnities began, and lafted three Days. On the firft* the Corpfe being placed on a Chair of State, and covered with Cloth of Gold* ornamented with Efcutcheons, on which was placed his Effigy in Royal Robes with the Crown, Scepter, and Ball, began the Procefiion ; and being drawn by five Horfes covered vrith black Velvet, preceded by all the Bifhops and chief Offi- cers of the Court in folemn Prayer, and followed by 60 Torches ; in this Manner the Corpfe was con- veyed to St. George’s Fields , where it was met by a vaft Company of Religious, by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London , and by the Livery, who ac- companied it to St. Paul’sy where it refted under a magnificent Canopy, while the Bifhop of Rochejler jaid folemn Mafs and preached a Sermon, The febond Day* the Corpfe, attended as before, was conveyed to Wef min ft er- Abbey y where being elevated; on a grand Scaffolding, the whole Choir finging Placebo and Dirige, clofed the Solemnities of this Day. On the third Day, folemn Mafles were fung by three Bifhops, at the laft of which was offered the Banner, Coat, Armour, Sword, Target, and Helmet of the Deceafed^ and the Nobility offered their and its Curiosities. 43 their Pall of Cloth of Gold, and Embroidery ; then the Choir chaunted Libera me-> and the Corpfe was interred, the great Officers breaking their Staves* and Garters, proclaiming Henry VIIL King. It was not, however, till after this Interment, that the Monument here fhewn was, erefted ; although Henry VIL had made Provifion for it before his Death, and had treated with one Peters , a Floren- tine , to draw him a Defign, which the fame Perfon afterwards finifhed for the inconfiderable Sum of 1 000 A At the Head of this Chauntry lies the Remains of Edward V I. Grandfon to Henry VII. who died in the 1 6th Year of his Age, and 7th of his Reigm There was formerly a ftately Monument creeled to his Memory by Queen Mary> his Sifter and S ucceflbr, but having fome curious Sculpture reprefenting the Paffion and Refurreftion of our Saviour, with two Angels on the Top kneeling, the whole was demo- lifhed during the grand Rebellion by the Puritan. Party, as a Relift of Romijh Superftition. The Workmanlhip, Cambden {\ ays, was elegantly finifh- ed. [ 5 rr more of this Prince in the Hijiorical Defcrip ~ tion of the Power jufi publifhed. ] On one Side of the Tomb of Henry VIL in a fmall Chapel, is a Monument of caft Brafs, where- in are the Effigies of Lewis Stuart , Duke of Rich - mondy and Frances his Wife. They are reprefented as lying on a Marble Table under a Canopy of Brafs curioufiy wrought, and fupported by the Figures of Faith, Hope, Charity* and Prudence. On the Top is a fine Figure of Fa?ne taking his Flight and reft- ing only on his Toe. This illuftrious Nobleman j was Son to Efme Stuart , Duke of Lenox , and Grand- I fon of James , Nephew to King James I. to whom he | was firft Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber and Privy j Counfellor, a Knight of the Garter, and Ambafla- ! dor to France in Behalf of Scotland . He died Fe- bruary the 1 6th, 1623. His Lady was Daughter to Phomat 44 Of Westminster-Abbey Thomas Lord Howard of Bindon , Son to the Duke of Norfolk 9 by Elizabeth Daughter of the Duke of Buckingham . She died October 8, 1639. You will like wife fee here a Pyramid of black and white Mar- ble fupporting a fmall Urn, in which is contained the Heart of Efme Stuart , Son to the Duke of Rich- mond and Lenox , by Lady Mary Daughter of the Duke of Buckingham . He died in France , Augujl 14, 1661, aged 11 Years, and was fucceeded in all his Titles by Charles Earl of Litchfield , his Coufin-German, who died December the 12th, 1672, and is here interred. Of this noble Family others were buried without Monuments. On the North Side of Henry Vllth’s is a very antique Monument, decorated with feveral emble- matical Figures in Brafs gilt with Gold, the prin- cipal whereof is Neptune in a penfive Pofiure with his Trident reverfed, and Mars with his head crufhed. — Thefe fupport the Tomb on which lie the Effigies of George Villars , Duke of Buckingham , the great Favourite of King fames I. and King Charles I. who fell a Sacrifice to the national Re- fentment, and perifhed by the Hands of an Affaffin that had no other Motive of A&ion but the Cla- mours of the People. Lord Clarendon gives this Account of that black Affair : One fohn Felton , of a reputable Family in Suffolk , and formerly a Lieu- tenant in the King’s Service, being inflamed by the popular Refentment, took it into his Head that he fhould do God good Service if he killed the Duke ; and accordingly having provided no other Inftrument than an ordinary Knife which he bought for a Shilling, he repaired to Portfmouth (where the Duke was then haftening out a Fleet for the Relief of Rochelle) and arrived on the Eve of St. Bartholomew . Next Morning the Duke receiving Letters, that Rochelle had relieved itfelf, had ordered Breakfaft to be got ready with all Expedition, that he might go and acquaint the King, who was then a; mid its Curiosities. 45 at Sir Daniel Norton's but a few Miles off, with the good News : The Chamber where the Duke was drefling himfelf, in the mean Time, ^as full of Company ; and among the reft, Monf. Soubiez , Bro- ther to the Duke of Rohan , and other French Gen- tlemen, were very earneftly preffing the Departure of the Fleet, left the News the Duke had received fhould be premature, and the Place be ruined and loft by an ill-timed Delay. Their Difcourfe, ac- cording to the Cuftom of their Nation, was held with fuch Vehemence, that the Standers by, who did not underftand French , thought they were angry \ and the Duke being told that Breakfaft was ready, and drawing towards the Door, where the Hang- ings 'were held up to let him pafs, in that very paf- fage turning to Sir John Fryer , (the Colonel in in waiting, to ifliie his Commands) he was on the fudden ftruck upon the Breaft with a Knife ; upon \vhich, without ufmg any other Words but th$ Villain hath killed me^ and in the fame Moment pulling out the Knife, he fell down dead, the Knife having pierced his Heart. No Man had feen the Blow, but in the Confufion many imagined it came from the French ; and it was next to a Miracle they were not all killed on the Spot. In the Hurry a Hat was taken up, in the Infide of which four or five Lines of that Declaration were written, where- in the Commons had ftiled the Duke an Enemy to the Kingdom, and underneath upon the fame Paper, a fhort Ejaculation. It was inftantly con- cluded, that thePerfon 1 6 whom this Hat belonged, mult be the Man who had done the Murder ; and accordingly a Gentleman being obferved walking very penfively before the Door without a Hat, the "Word was given that there was the Villain that killed the Duke ; and while the Multitude crouded to fee him, and every one w*as. afking Which is he ? Which is he? The Man very compofedly a&fwered, I am he. The 46 Of Westminstep.-Abbey The moft furious ran with their drawn Swords t kill him; while he with all the Unconcern in th World, expofed himfelf to the utmoft Violence c their Rage ; but others of a more deliberate Tern per defended him, and carried him into a privat Room, in order to pafs Examination, v/hile he wa yet uncolledted. The chief Thing aimed at was t learn his Accomplices, and in order to induce hi to that Difcovery, it was intimated to him that th Duke was not yet dead ; but to this he replied wit a Smile, I know he mujl be dead , for 1 l>ad the Force 0 forty Men when I fruck him . He added, that the need give themfelves no Trouble about his Accom- plices, for no Man living had Credit enough with him to engage him to kill a Worm; that what he had done was a Matter of Confcience, for which he was ready and willing to fuffer the fevereft Pe- nalties of the Law ; and that the Motives upon which he adled would appear, if his Hat were found, in which, left he fhould perifti in the Attempt, he had written them, that the World might not be at a Lofs to account for the Deed. Nothing further could be gathered from him upon this Occafion, and therefore he was removed to London, where he re- mained four Months in Prifon before he was brought to Trial, in which Time he was more than once examined before the Council ; and though he ftill perftfted in his former Declaration, that no Man knew of his Defign, yet hand would not be con- vinced but that the Puritans were concerned in the Confpiracy, and threatened Felton with the Rack if he did not confefs it ; Felton replied with a Gom- pofure equally admired and applauded, That if it ?nuft be fo , he could not tell zvhom he might nominate in the Extremity of Torture ; and if what he then Jhould fay mufl pafs for Truths he could not tell whether his Lordjhip , or which of their Lor d/hips prefent^ he might name , for Torture might draw unexpected Things from him 5 audits Curiosities. 47 him ; after this, fays Rujhworth , he was afked no nore Queftions, but remanded back to Prifon. Bi- Lop Laud*, however, perfifted in putting him to the iack, on which a Debate arofe, and his Majefty 3eing prefent, moved that the Queftion might be 3ropounded to the Judges, who unanimously de- dared, That he ought not by the Law of England to be hut to tty Rack , for no fuch F uni foment is known or dlowed by our Law ; however, Felton himfelf, after he had been in Prifon fome Time, became fo full of Remorfe, that, upon his Trial at the King's Bench Bar, he earneftly befought the Judges, that while le was yet alive, his Hand might be {truck off with which he had committed the impious Aft, and be- fore and at his Death he behaved like a Man truly enfible of his enormous Crime.— -The Duke mar- ried Catherine , Daughter and foie Heirefs to Francis Manners Earl of Rutland , who erefted the Monu- ment here fpoken of to his Memory, and lies in Effigy on the fame Tomb by his Side. The Latin Infcription, after recounting his noble Qualities, high Titles and Honours, alludes to the Story of his untimely Death, which we have here given at large. Of a much later Date, though not inferior in Workmanlhip or Defign, is that noble Monument erefted about 30 Years ago, to the Memory of John Sheffield , late Duke of Buckingham , where, on an Altar of the hneft grained Marble, lies in a half- raifed Pofture, his Grace’s Effigy in a Roman Habit, with his Dutchefs Catherine , natural Daughter of the Duke of York^ afterwards King fames li. {land- ing at his Feet weeping. On each Side are En- richments of military Trophies, and over all an admirable Figure of Time holding feveral Buftos in Relievo, being the Portraits of their Graces Chil- dren. In the Reign of King Charles II. as the In- scription lets forth, he was General of the Dutch Troop 48 Of Westminster-Abbey Troop of Horfe, Governor of Kingjlon Caftte upon Mull , and Fir ft Gentleman of the Bed-chamber ; in that of King fumes II. Lord Chamberlain ; and in that of Queen Anne, Lord Privy-Seal, and Pre- fident of the Council. He was in his Youth an excellent Poet, and in his more advanced Years a fine Writer, His Love of Poetry is confpicuous Ly the Efteem and Regard he had for the two great Matters of it that flourifhed in his own Times, Dryden and Pope ; to the fir ft of whom he extended Lis Friendfhip even after Death, by erecting a Mo- nument to his Memory \ to the latter he did Ho- nour by writing a Poem in his Praifc. Over his Grace’s Effigy are infcribed in Latin Sentences to the following Import ; I liv’d doubtful, not diflolute. I die unrefolved, not unrefigned. Ignorance and Error are incident to human Nature, I truft in an Almighty and All-good God. Thou King of Kings have Mercy uponme ! And underneath it , For my King often, for my Country ever. His Grace died in the 75th Year of his Age, Feb . 24, 1720, leaving the Publication of his Works to the Care of Mr. Pope. He had three Wives : The firft, Urfula , Countefs of Conway ; the fecond Ca- therine^ Countefs of Gainjlorough , eldeft Daughter of Fulk Lord Brook , who died in 1704, aged 38 Years, and lies here interr’d ; and the third, Cathe- rine Countefs of Anglefey , died March the 14th, 1743, aged 61. From the Nave of this Chapel, you enter the North Me, where you will fee fixed on the Eaft Wall a beautiful Altar raifed by King Charles II. to the Memory of Edward V. and his Brother, who by mid its Curiosities. 49 by their treacherous Uncle Richard III. were mur- dered in the Tower (as we have already (hewn in the Hiliory of that Fortrefs, to which we refer.) The Infcription, which is in Latin , gives a particular Account of their fad Cataftrophe, and is i nEnglijh Thus: Here lies the Reliques ^/'Edward V. Ring of England, and Richard Duke of York: Who being confined in the Tower , and there fifed with Pillows y were privately and meanly buried by Order of their per- fidious Uncle Richard the Ufurper : Their Bones , long enquired after and wijhed for , after lying 201 Years in the Rubbijh of the Stairs (i. e. thofe lately leading to the Chapel of the White Tower) were on the 7 th .of July 16 74, by undoubted Proofs difeovered ; being buried deep in that Place . Charles II. pitying their unhappy Fate , ordered thefe unfortunate Princes to be laid among ft the Reliques of their Predecejfors , in the Year 16785 and the 2 Oth of his Reign. It is remarkable, that Edward was born Nov. 4, 1470, in the Sandluary belonging to this Church, whither his Mother took Refuge during the Conteft between the Houfes of York and Lancafer\ at eleven Years of Age, upon the Death of his Father, he was proclaimed King, and on the 23d of fune 1483, about two Years after, was murdered in the Man- ner already related. Richard , his Brother, was born May 28, 1474, and married v/hile a Child to Ann Mowbray i Heirefs of Norfolk. In this Me is the lofty and magnificent Monu- ment of Queen Elizabeth , eredted to her Memory by King fames I. her Succefior. The Infcription fpeaks her Charadler, high Defcent, and the memorable Adis of her glorious Reign, 44 That (he was the 44 Mother of her Country, and the Patronefs of 44 Religion and Learning ; and file was herfelf ikill- 44 ed in many Languages, adorned with every Ex- 44 cellence of Mind and Perfon, and endowed with F princely 50 Of Westminster-Abbey princely Virtues beyond her Sex 3 that in her Reign Religion was refined to its primitive Pu- rity ; Peace was eftablifhed; Money reftored to its juft Value; domeftic Infurreftions quelled; France delivered from inteftine Troubles ; the Netherlands fupported ; the Spanijh Armada de- 45 feated ; Ireland , almoft loft by the fecret Gontri- vances of Spain , recovered; the Revenues of ** both Univerfities improved by a Law of Provi- fions ; and, in fhort, all England enriched : That fhe was a moft prudent Governefs, 45 Years a virtuous and triumphant Queen; truly religious, w and bleft in all her great Affairs ; and that after a calm and refigned Death in the 70th Year of her Age, fhe left her Mortal Part to be depofited in this Church, which fhe eftablifhed upon a new Footing, till by Chri/l’s Word fhe is called to Im- 6C mortality. 55 She died March 24, 1602. The bloody Queen Mary , whofe Reign preceded that of Queen Elizabeth , was interred here likewife. Her Name is ftigmatized for her Cruelty to Pro - isjlants* In this Hie you will fee a lofty Pyramid, of a ft u- pendous height, fupported by two Griffins of Brafs gilt, on a Pedeftal of the moft curious Marble, eredfted to the Memory of Charles Montague , the firft of this Family that bore the Title of Lord Halli - fax? Son to George Montague of Horton . In the Reign of William III. and George I, he was placed at the Head of the Treafury, where undertaking the Re- formation of the Coin, which in thofe Days was moft infamoufly clipped, to the great Lofs of the Public, he reftored it to its proper V alue. For thefe and other public Services, he was firft created Baron and then Earl of Halifax , and died May 19, 3 7 I 5* There are likewife feme Monuments of lefs Grandeur and Magnificence in this lile, particular- mid its Curiosities. 51 ly one to the Memory of Georgs Saville , created by King Charles L Baron of Eland , aud Vifcount ii?/* lifax^ afterwards Earl, and laftly Marquis of Hali- fax . He was Lord Keeper of the Privy-Seal for feme Time in the Reigns of King Charles II. of King James XL and King William , and at the Be- ginning of the Reign of King James XL he was for a few Months Lord Prefident of the Council. Pie died April 5, 1695. At the Eaft End of this Me is a Vault in which are repofited the Bodies of King James I. and his Queen, Anne y Daughter to Frederick IX. King- oP Denmark . This Prince reigned over Scotland 59 Years, and over England 22 Years. He was Son to Lord Darnly by Mary Queen of Scots y who fell a Sacrifice to the Policy of Queen Elizabeth . Pie died March 16, 1625, aged 60, after a long and peace- able Reign, which adds nothing to the Glory of thefe Realms. Over this Vault is a fin all Tomb with the Figure of a Child, eredted to the Memory of Mary third Daughter to King James X. bom at Greenwich in 1605 ; and foon afterwards committed to the Care of Lady Knevet , in whofe Houfe at Stanwsll file died Dec. 16, 1607, at two Years old. There is alfo another Monument, reprefenting a Child in the Cradle, eredted to the Memory of So- phia , fourth Daughter of the fame King, bom at Greenwich in 1606, and died in three Days. In the South Me of this Chapel is a Table Monu- ment, on which is the Effigy of Margaret Countefs of Richmond , Mother to Henry VXX. by Edmund Tu- dor , Son of Owen ap Tudor , who married the Wi- dow of Henry V. of England , and Daughter to Charles VX. of France . This Lady was aft e wards married to Humphry Stafford. , a younger Son to Humphry Duke of Buckingham ; and laftly to Thomas Lord Stanley , Earl of Derby \ but by the two laft had 52 Of Westminster-Abbey no Children. She was a great Encourager of tfu noble Art of Printing when firft brought into Etig* land*, as appears by a Book printed by Wynk , whc ftiles himfelf Printer to her Highnefs’s Grace Mar- garet^ the King’s Grandame. The Inscription men- tions the Charities of this excellent Princefs ; fuch as giving a Sallary to two Monks of Weftminfter , founding a Grammar School at Winbourne , and two Colleges, one to Ghriji , the other to St. ‘John his Difciple at Cambridge . She died in July 1509, in the Reign of her Grandfon Henry VIII. At the Weft End of this Ifle is a handfome Ta- ble Monument inclofed with Iron Rails, on which lies a Lady finely robed, the Effigy of Margaret JDouglafs , Daughter of Margaret Queen of Scots , by the Earl of Angus . This Lady, as the Englifo In- fcription exprefles, had to her great Grandfather, King Edward IV. to her Grandfather, King Henry VII. to her Uncle, King Henry VIII. to her Coufm- German, King Edward VI. to her Brother, King James V. .of Scotland ; to her Son, King Henry I. of Scotland ; to her Grandfon, King James VI. having to her great Grandmother and Grandmother two Queens, both named Elizabeth ; to her Mother, Margaret Queen of Scots ; to her Aunt, Mary the French Queen ; to her Coufins-German, Mary and Elizabeth , Queens of England ; to her Niece and Daughter-in-Law, Mary Queen of Scots . This Lady, who was very beautiful, was privately mar- ried in 1537 to Thomas Howard , Son of the Duke of Norfolk, upon which Account both of them were committed to the Tower by King Henry VIII. her Uncle, for affiancing without his Confent. And he died in Prifon, but this Margaret being releafed, was foon after married to Matthew , Earl of Lenox , by whom fhe had the handfome Lord Dandy , Fa- ther to King Ja?nes I. whofe Effigy is the foremoft on the Tomb in a kneeling Pofture, with the Crown and its Curiosities. 53 Crown over his Head ; having been married feme Tirneto Mary Queen of Scots y but in the 21ft Year of his Age murdered, not without fome Sufpicion of foul Pradlices in the Queen, tho’ late Milkmans have taken upon them to clear her Memory of that Reproach. There are feven Children, befides, round the Tomb of Margaret , of whom only three are mentioned in Hiftory, the reft dying young. This great Lady died March 10, 1577. Near the Tomb juft mentioned is a very magni- ficent one, erected to that unhappy Queen we have been now fpeaking of ; and who being Daughter to James V. of Scotland , was in her Infancy pro- claim’d Queen of that Kingdom, and married to Francis then Dauphin of Frame ^ but afterwards King, who in a few Months aftar dying without XfTue, Mary returned into Scotland and married Lord Darnly , as has been faid, by whom fhe had one Son, afterwards King of England as well as Scotland . The principal Error of this Queen’s Life, was marrying the Earl of BothwelL> the fup- pofed Murderer of her fecond Hufband, which raifed fuch powerful Enemies againft her, as forced her to refign the Crown to her young Son James y yet an Infant of three Years old ; and to commit the Regency of the Kingdom to her mortal Enemy, by whom fhe was imprifoned, and her new Huf- band driven out of the Kingdom. Plaving efcaped out of Prifon, fhe endeavoured to re-affume the Reins of Government by Force, but mifcarried in the Attempt, and was obliged tofeek for Shelter in •. England 3 where, after an eighteen Years Confine- ment in Chatfworth- Cajlle in Derhyjhire , now one of the Seats of the Duke of Devonjhire , fhe was brought to a judical Trial, and condemned of Treafon, in confpiring the Death of Elizabeth , Queen of England ; for which fhe was afterwards F 3 executed. 54 Qf -W estminster- Abbey executed. She was a rigid and profeffed Papift, and. being next Heir to the Crown of England , perhaps the Policy of thofe Times, when the Pro- teftant Religion was but in its Infancy, judged it a neceffary Expedient to cut her off. Tho’ fhe had made no great Figure in her Life, fhe appeared great and illuftrious at her Death, behaving with all the Heroifm that the mo ft renowned Martyr for our moft holy Religion had ever difplay’d. On the 8th of February 1587 fhe was beheaded at F other inghay- Cajlle in North ampionjhire^ upon a Scaffold eredted in the Hall of that Caftle, the Earls of Shrewjbury , Kent , Derby , and Cumberland being commiffioned to fee the Execution performed.--— She was after- wards pompoully interred by Order of Queen Eli- zabeth , in the Cathedral Church of Peterborough ; but upon the Acceffion of her Son to the Throne of England , he ordered her Remains to be removed from thence, and placed among her Anceftors near this Monument. At the Eaft End of this Hie is the Royal Vault, as it is called, in which the Coffins of King Charles II. King William III. and Queen Mary his Confort ; Queen Anne , and Prince George are all depofited. Over them in a Wainfcot Prefs is the Effigy of King Charles II. in Wax- work, refembling Life, and drefled in the Robes he wore at Windfor at the Inftallation of the Knights of the Garter. Alfo a Monument eredted to the Memory of George , and Chrijlopher Monk his Son, both Dukes of Albemarle ; alfo Elizabeth , Dutchefs Dowager of Albemarle and Montague , Relidl of Chrijiopher Duke of Albemarle, Next to this is a Figure eredled to the Memory of Lady Walpole , brought from Italy by her Son Horace , with the following Infcription : To and its Curiosities, 55 To the Memory of Catherine Lady Walpole, Bldeft Daughter of John Shorter , Efq; of Ry - brook in Kent , and firft Wife of Sir Robert Walpole , afterwards Earl of Orford : Horace , her youngeft Son, confecrates this Monument. She had Beauty and Wit without Vice or V anity, and cultivated the Arts without Affedlation. She was devout, without Bigotry to any Sedt, and was without Prejudice to any Party, Tho’ the Wife of a Minifter, whofe Pow’r fhe efteem’d, but when ftie could employ it to benefit the MiferabJe, or to reward the Meritorious. She lov’d a private Life, Tho’ born to fhine in publick, and was an Ornament to Courts, Untainted by them. She died Augufl the 20th, 1737. Another Wainfcot Prefs is placed at the Corner of the great Baft Window, in which is the Effigy of Lady Mary Dutchefs of Rich?nond y Relidt of Charles Stuart Duke of Richmond , who died in 1672: And a Daughter of Walter Stuart , M. D. who died October 15, 1702, and is interred in the Richmond Vault. She left her Fortune to Walter Stuart , Lord Blantyre in Scotland, , one of the fixteen Peers eledted to reprefent the Scots Peerage in the Britijh Parlia- ment, who died June 23, 17135 aged 29. This Figure is drefled in the very Robes her Grace wore at the Coronation of Queen Anne. Near the Monument of the Dutchefs of Rich- mond, in a handfome Wainfcot Prefs, is the Effigy of Catherine Relidl of John Duke of Buckingham and Normanby , and natural Daughter of King James IL by 56 Of Westminster-Abbey by Catherine Countefs of Dorchejler: She Is drefled in, the Robes (he wore at his late Majefty’s Corona- tion. Alfo by her ftands the Effigy of her Son the Marquis of Normanby , who died Feb. i, 1714* aged three Years ar\d feven Weeks. “ Juft as you go out of the left Me you will be fhewn, in another Wainfcot Prefs, the Effigy of General Monk , who had fo great a Share in the Reftoration of King Charles II. to the Throne of his Anceftors. He is reprefented in Armour, and his ducal Cap is generally made ufe of by your Guide to receive your Bounty, few People going away without putting fomething into it, the Salary of the Conductor being but fmall. This diftinguiftfd Perfonage was Son to Sir Thomas Monk of Potheridge , defcended by the Mother’s Side from the Royal Line of the Plant agenets . Asa Reward for his emi- nent Services in the Reftoration, he was created Duke of Albemarle , Earl of Farringdon , Baron Monk of Potheridge , Beauchamps and Teys^ Captain Gene- ral of all his Majefty’s Forces, Knight of the moft noble Order of the Garter, Matter of the Horfe, and Privy-Counfellor. He died on the 4th of Jan • 1669, and was buried here in a moft honourable Manner, in a Vault in this Me ftill called AlbemarU V ault. In this Chapel are inftalled the Knights of the moft honourable Order of the Bath, which Order was revived in the Reign of Xing George the Firft in 1725. In their Stalls are placed Brafs Plates of their Arms* &c. and over them hang their Ban- ners, Swords, and Helmets: They are inftalled with great Ceremony, (each Knight having three Efquires) and are as follow, the prefent Knights be- ing marked with an Afterifk** Junf and its Curiosities, 57 'June 17, 1725. 1. * The SOVEREIGN. 2,. # i_ 4 - * Duke of Cumberland George Vifcount Tor- Priii. Comp. H rington. 3 - # J 5 * Duke of Monta George Earl of C&/~ Grand Matter. mondcly, 4. § 16. Charles Duke of Rich-z^* John Earl of BroadaU ?nond . £//?. 5. ■§ 17. William Duke of Man- || * John'E'esl Delawarr , chejler . ^ 18. 6. Earl Clinton . Charles Duke of £/. ^ 19. Alban's . ^ Robert 2d Earl of Or- § fi rd - 26 , Spencer Earl of mmgton . 7 - Earl of Lelcejler , William Earl of 5 21 . 9. H* Hon. Sir William Stan- Henry Earl cf Delo- Jf hope . raW. ¥ 22. 10. *0* Rt, Hon. Sir Conyers George Earl of Hali-'§ D'arcy . f ax - 1 23- 11. % Thomas Earl of Talbot Earl of Suffix, borough . I 2.. o 24* Thomas Earl of Pom~V? Rt. Hon. Sir Paul 3 fe- fret. thuen. # 13 - o Lord NaJJau Pawlett. 25. i?.«- 58 Of Westminster- Abbey R ford , 25- • # 39 Robert 1 ft Earl of Or - * Henry Duke of Chan 26 . June 30, 1732 40 Rt. Hon. Sir Robert WiHiamV ifcount Bate Sutton . 27. ^ Rt. Hon. Sir Charles Wills. 28. Earl of Bucking- ham. 29 man. 41, S i r George D owning \ Bart. 42. Sir Charles Gunter Ni- colL 43 Sir William Gage, Bt. Thomas Rob inf on, Lord * Sir Robert Clifton , Bt. ^ 3^ Sir Michael Newton, ^ Six Philip Honey wood Grantham, Odt. 20 , 1744. 44- d. Bart. 3 ^ 45- Sir John Cope. 46. * Lord John Ligonier , Vifcount Ligonier , . 47* Hon. Six John Campbell* 4?- * Richard Vifcount jF/ 7%- William. 49- Rt. Hon. Sir William & Tonge, Bart. J| 33* iE Lord Monfon* j? _ 34- . 1 Thomas Marquis of Rockingham « 35* o. Sir William Morgan . % 36. Sir William Mordern Thomas Earl of Leicef- Harbor d, Bart. /*r. 50. 37. g* Sir Thomas Whitmore. * William Earl of Inchi- 51. g * Sir Henry de Calthrope . 38. § 52. Vifcount Tyrcon - that he was Nephew to the Earl of Oxford , and Governor of Portfmouib and the Brille ; and that his difcon- folate Widow, out of the Abundance of her Af- fedlion, had confecrated this Monument to his Me- mory. Eaftward of this, and clofe to the Wall, is a Monument, on the Pedeftal whereof is represented in Relief, the Siege of a Town 5 alluding perhaps to the Siege of Newport juft now mentioned. The principal Figure is a General on Horfeback holding a Batton, and having one Eye blemifhed. As this Monument was eredted to the Memory of Sir George Hollis , Nephew to Sir Francis Vere^ and a Major- General under him, we are inclined to think, that this Piece of Sculpture is intended to perpetuate the Story of that memorable Battle, in which, as has been faid, Sir Francis was wounded, and ac- quired fo much Glory. A Cannon being rendered very confpicuous feems to point that out as the In- ftrument by which his Horfe was killed, and the Biemifh in the GeneraPs Eye, the Hurt he might have received when he fell. On one Side of this Pedeftal fits a Pallas , on the other Bellona , la- menting the Death of the great Warrior reprefented above in a Roman Habit, ftanding eredt upon a lofty Altar with a Cherub fupporting the Plinth where- on he ftands. This Monument is very ingenioufiy executed. Sir George died May 16, 1626, aged 50* Near the Tomb of Sir Francis , lies Aubery de Vere 9 the laft Earl of Oxford , of that Name ; which Title had continued in a diredt Line to this noble Family ever fince the Year 1155* Aubery was the 20th and laft Earl of this noble Family, and enjoyed this Title 70 Years : He was Chief Juftice in Eyre, &c. in and its Curiosities. 73. in the Reign of Charles !! . Lord of the Bed-chamber, | Privy-Counfellor, Colonel of the Royal Regiment of Horfe Guards, and Lord Lieutenant of the Coun- ty of EJfex , and Lieutenant General of the Forces in : the Reign of William III. and alfo Knight of the Garter; and on March 12, 1702, he died without I Iflue Male, and the Queen conferred the Earldom ji of Oxford , with that of Mortimer , on Robert Harley r firft Lord of her Majesty’s Treafury. I. In this Chapel there were feme very antique Mo- 1 numents, but now only one remains, v/hich is on I the Right Hand. This has the Image of an Abbot in his Mafs i Habit, curioully engraven on Brafs, reprefenting John de Eajlney , who died March 4, 1498. By the Records of this Church he appears to have been a great Benefactor to it ; he adorned the grand Weft Window with fome noble Paintings in Glafs, of which feme little now remains ; he built the Skreen j to the Chapel we are now fpeaking of, and prefent- ! ed two Images gilt for the Altars of St. Peter and j St. Pauly and one for the Chapter-houfe . He paid the King 1000/. on Account of the Merchants of Staple, and 3070/. to the Court of Rome , due for the Confirmation of Abbots. It is remarkable, that in breaking up a Grave, the Body of this Abbot was difeovered in a Coffin quilted with yellow Sat- tin, having on a Gown of crimfon Silk, girded round him with a black Girdle; on his Legs were white Silk Stockings, and over his Face a clean Nap- kin doubled up and laid corner-wife. His Body and Legs were firm and plump, but his Face fome- what difcoloured : This was on Aug , 17, 1706, the Lid of the Coffin being carefully doled again, the Body may probably continue found for many more Years. Juft before the Door of this Chapel a grey Mar- ble Scone bears the Figure of an armed Knight, H retting 74 Of Westminster-Abbey refting his Feet on a Lion, and his Head on a Grey- hound, which, as the Regifter informs us, repre- fen ts Sir John Harpedon , Knt. who died in 1457. Within the Door is another ancient Tomb of Free-ftone on the North Side of this Chapel, under which lies buried Sir Thomas Parry ^ Knt, Treafurer of the Houfhold, Mafter of the Court of Wards and Liveries to Queen Elizabeth. He died Decem- ber 15, 1560. Of the Tombs, &c. in the Chapel of St. Michael. I N this Chapel is lately eredted a moft excellent Monument, to the Memory of Jofeph Gafcoigne Nightingale and his Lady, with the following In- fcrition : 44 Here reft the Allies of Jofeph Gafcoigne 44 Nightingale , of Mamhead in the County of De- 44 vqtij Efq; who died July the 20th, 1752, aged 44 56. And of Lady Elizabeth his Wife, Daugh- 44 ter and Coheirefs of Wajlnngton Earl Ferrers , who 44 died Augujl the 17th, 1734, aged 27. Their 44 only Son Wajhington Gajcoigne Nightingale , Efq; 44 deceafed, in Memory of their Virtues, did by 44 his laft Will order this Monument to be eredi- 44 ed ” This is a capital Performance of that great Maf- ter of Sculpture, Mr. Rubiliac ; and has been, and now is vifited and juftly admired by all Judges of Merit, and Lovers of ingenuity. Above is repre- fented a Lady expiring in the Arms of her Hufband ; beneath, fiily creeping from a Tomb, the King of Terrors prefents his grim Vifage, pointing his un- erring Dart to the dying Figure, at which Sight the Hufoand, fuddenly firuck with Aftoniftiment, Horror, Defpair, &c. would fain ward oft' the fatal Stroke from the diftrefted Gbjedt of his Care. North- and its Curiosities. 75 Northward to this is a Monument of Note, facred to the Memory of Sarah , Dutchefs of So- merjety ReiicSt of fohn Seymour , Duke of Somerfet , Daughter of Sir Edward Aljton , Knt. On the Bafe of this Monument fit two Charity-Boys, one on each Side, bewailing the Death of their great Bene- faclrefs, who is reprefentyd in a modern I) refs, rett- ing upon her Arm under a Canopy of State, and looking earneftly up at a Groupe of Cherubims if- fuing from the Clouds above her : Underneath is a Latin Infcription to this Effedt : 46 Here lies the late iliuftrious Dutchefs of Somerfet , celebrated ** for Charity and Benevolence, who erected a Grammar-School for Boys at Tottenham, in Mid- (C dlefex , enlarged the Income of the Green-Coat 66 Hofpital at Weftminfier , largely endowed Brazen - Nofe College in Oxford , and St. John's in Gam- bridge , for the Education and Inftructtion of “ Youth in Piety and good Literature. She was “ likewife an Encourager of Trades and Handi- <4 crafts, and had a tender Regard to old Age, by “ erecting an Alms-Houfe at Froxfield in Wiltjhire 9 for3oWidows:She was very charitable to the Poor of St. Margaret' Wejlminjler , where fhe infti- ^ tuted a Ledture, and gave many ftately Ornaments “ to the Church.” She died October 5, 1692. In this Chapel was formerly a Monument to the Memory of Catherine Lady St . John, P^elift of John Lord St. John of Bletfoe in Bedfordflrire , Daughter of Sir William Dormer , of Eyeihorpe in Bucks ^ Knt. which in repairing the Church was broken in Pieces, The Effigy of this Lady is. ttili to be feen in the Chapel of St. Andrew. Of Westminster-Abbey 76 Of the Tombs, &c. in //^Chapel of St. A N dr e v/. I N the Centre of this Chapel Hands that moft ftately and magnificent Monument eredted to the Memory of Sir Henry Norris , his Lady and fix Sons. He was Anceftor to the prefent Earl of Abing- don ,. who is Baron Norris of Rycot , and for his Va- lour in the Low-Countries, in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth , was created Lord Norris of Rycot . This great Man was the firft who difcovered the Projedt of the Spanijh Invafion, which he did by Means of the Provoft Marfhal of Paris , whom he entertained as a Spy. This Monument has a fine Reprefenta- tion of an Encampment in Relief, and is otherwife beautifully ornamented ; but having no Infcription, the Date is left uncertain. Againft theEaft Wall was formerly a Table Mo- nument to preferve the Memory of Sir jrohn Burgh , Son to Lord William Burgh ^ by Catherine , Daughter to Lord Clinton , Son of the Earl of Lincoln , Lord High Admiral in Queen Elizabeth's Time. This Sir John.) of whom we are fpeaking, was twice honoured with Knighthood, firft in the Netherlands , by the Earl of Leicejler , Captain-General of her Majefty’s Forces, and thofe of the United Provinces $ and afterwards by Harry IV . of France , at the Vic- tory of St. Andrean . At length endeavouring to take and bring into England a huge Spanijh Ship laden with Jewels, Gold, Silver, Indian Spices, &c. a Prize of infinite Value, by an unhappy Security of Mind, defpifing the Enemy, tho’ far fuperior in Force, he met an untimely Death at the Age of 32, to the irreparable Lofs of his Country. So much the Infcription tells, but Hiftorians inform us far- ther, that this Carrack was called the Mother of God ; that her Crew confifted of 600 Men, moft of whom were and its Curiosities, 77 I were either killed or wounded in this defperateEn- i! gagement' ; that the Money arifing from this Cap- I ture, amounted to 150,000/. befides Embezzle- ments, amounting, as was thought, to as much I more. He died March 10, 1594. Here is alfo a Monument eredied to the Memory j of Ann^ Daughter of Henry Bodenham , and of Cathe - I rine his Wife, Wife of James Kirton , of Cajlell Cary I in the County of Sojnerfet , Gent. She died Sept, y, 1 1603. In one Corner of this Chapel is the very ancient I Monument of Abbot Kirton , which is worth obferv- I ing, having feveral Labels in black Letter all round the Portrait, which ftands upon Eagles crowned, j alluding perhaps to his high Defcent, from the an- I cient and illuftrious Family of Codilbk . He appears to have been a Perfon of great Reputation and Weight among his Brethren, and an excellent Ora- tor, He died Off. 3, 1466. According to the Abbey Regifter there are fome other Perfons of Rank interred in this Chapel , over whom there is neither Monument nor Infcriptien* AVING now taken a View of all that is curi- ous in the ten Chapels of this Abbey, we fhali juft point out a few Particulars worthy of Note in the Area furro undins; St. Edivardh Chapel, of which we propofe to fpeak, before we enter the Croffes and Ifles of this Church, that are common to all Spec- tators : As you pafs round the Area, on the North Side were three very ancient Monuments, but hard- ly now to be viewed: The firft of Free-ftone made like a clofe Bed, was walled up, and the Tomb of Bilhop Dnppa , Tutor to King Charles I. placed a- gainft it* This Tomb was covered with an ancient * Of the T o m e s in the Area Gothic j8 Of Westminster-Abbey Gothic Arch, the Sides whereof were adorned with Vine Branches in Relief, the Roof within, fpringing into many Angles, under which lies the Image of a Lady- in a very antique Drefs, her Feet refting upon Lions, and her Head on Pillows fupported by Angels- fitting on each Side the Effigy gilt and painted. On the Side of the Tomb are fix Niches, on Which feem to have been painted Monks, and on the Pe- dtflal are ftill to be feen fome Remains of Paintings admired by the Curious. This Monument covered the Remains of Aveline Countefs of LancaJier , Daughter to William de Fortihus^ Earl of Albemarle and Holdernejfe , by Ifabella Daughter and Heirefs of Baldwin Earl of Devon . This Lady married Ed- mund Earl of LancaJier , Son to King Henry III. but died the very Year of her Marriage, Nov . 4, 1293. Next to this is another ancient Monument of grey Marble, to the Memory of Aymer de Valence , iecond and laft Earl of Pe?nbroke of this Family : He was third Son to William de Valence , Earl of Pembroke , already mentioned. He was a great Ge- neral in the Time of Edward I. in the 25th of whofe Reign he attended that Prince in his Expedition in- to Flanders y in the 26th he marched againft the Scots y In the 29th was fent Ambaffador to France ; in the 34th he was made Guardian of the Marches and the King’s Lieutenant in Scotland^ and beat the fa- mous Robert Bruce , whofe Wife and Brother he feized in the Caflle of : Rentire •, the latter of whom he hanged, and put all his Attendants to the Sword. He accompanied Edward I. in his laft Expedition into Scotland , and at Burgh upon the Sands , where that King died, was appointed by him on his Death- bed to carry his dying Charge to his Son againft Gavejlon , who was afterwards condemned and exe- cuted, his Eftate confifcated, and his Eifecfts con- verted to the King% Ufe. In the firft Year of Ed- ward: II. he went Ambafladoi to Ro?ne. In. the 7th of and its Curiosities. 79 of Edward II. he fought with the King at Bannock - burne , where the Scots obtained a compleat Vi&ory, and where the Englifn had 154 Barons and Knights killed or taken Prifoners, among whom were the Earls of Herefordy Mounthermery and Angusy the Lords Piercy , Newly Scroops Lucyy Aft on y Giffardy Latimery Segravey Berkeley , and Beauchamp ; and the King himfelf with Valence narrowly efcaped. The fame Year Valence falling into the Hands of the FlemingSy was obliged to purchafe his Ranfom at the dear Price of 20,00 oh In the nth of Edward II .. he was made Governor of Rockingham Caftle, and was one of the Judges who gave Sentence againft the great Earl of Lancaftery which, as is thought,, occafioned his own Death foon after ; for in the 17th Year of the fame Reign he was poifoned in Francey by the fecret Contrivance of the Earl of Arun&eh He had been thrice married ; buthadlflue by neither of his Wives. He was, fays Walfmghamy a tall pale Man, whence Gavejlon ufed to call him*, by Way of Nickname, Jofeph the Jew . He was poifoned June 23, 1324, The other ancient Monument in this Area, is that of Edmund Crouchbacky fourth fon to Henry ILL fo called, as fame affirm, from the Deformity of his Perfon ; but, according toothers, from his at- tending his Brother in the holy Wars, where they wore a Crouch ^or Crofs on their Shoulders, as a Badge of Chriftianity* This has beenavery lofty Monument, painted, gilt, and inlaid, with flamed Glafs. The Infide of the Canopy has been a Sky with Stars, but by Age changed into a dull Red. From this Prince the Houfe of Lancajler claimed their Right to. the Crown. At the Age of Nine- teen, he was, upon Simon de JlAontjord’s: Forfeiture, made Earl of LsicejbeVy and Steward of England ; at Twenty-one he took the Title of the Earl of Lancajler y and marrying Aveline already mentioned,. became So Of Westminster-Abbey became poffefled of the Eftates of Abemarle , Devon,, and the Ifle of Wight , together with that of Derby and Campaign . About the Year 1255, upon the Death of the Emperor Frederic, the Pope made an Offer of the Kingdoms of Sicily , Apulia , and CV/- labriat o this Prince, while he was yet in this Mi- nority ; which his Father accepting, the Heart of the young Prince, as Matthew Paris reports, ex- ulted as if he had already been inverted with the Crown : But it proved only a Trick of the Pope to delude his credulous Father, and to cheat the Nati- on of a confiderable Sum of Money. However, mart of our Hiftorians remark, that many A£te of royal Power were executed in his Name, and Money coined with this Device, Aidmundus Rex Sici- lia. His fecond Wife was Blanch , Queen of Na- varre, Widow of Henry, by whom he had three Sons, Thomas Earl of Larrcajler, executed as has been faid ; John of Monmouth ; and another John, who lived in. France . In the Reign of his Broiler Edward I. he commanded an Army in France, with good Succefs at firft ; but being ill fupported, and. his Soldiers ill paid, they deferred him, which he laid fo much to Heart, that he died of Grief at Bayonne \ others affirm, that he there fhared the fame Fate with William de Valence already related. On the Bafe of this Tomb, towards the Area, is the Remains of a curious and perhaps the moft an- tique Painting extant, but much defaced, being ten Knights armed with Banners, Surcoats of Armour,, and crofs-belted, reprefenting undoubtedly, his Expedition to the Holy Land , the Number exactly correfponding with what Matthew Paris reports, namely, Edward, and his Brother, four Earls, and four Knights, of whom fome are ftill difcoverable, particularly the Lord Roger Clifford, as were former- ly inWaverlys Time, William de Valence r and Tho- mas de Clare,, and its Curiosities. 8i On the Weft Side of the Door of St. Erafmus* s Chapel, is a Monument eredted to the Memory of Z uliana, only Daughter of Sir Randolph Crew , Knt. ord Chief Juftice of England . She died unmar- ried, April 22, 1621. In this Area you will fee a T able Monument to the Memory of Bifhop Duppa, Tutor to King Charles II. a Man of fuch exemplary Piety, lively Converfation and graceful Good-nature, that when King Charles I. was a Prifoner in Carifhrook-Cajlle , he thought himfelf happy in the Company of fo good a Man. And what is ftill more to his Praife, by the found and virtuous Principles which he inftii- led early into the Mind of his young Pupil, he had acquired fo ftrong an Afcendency over him. that when he came to be King, he retained fuch a Re- verence for his Piety, that hearing he was dangerouf- ly ill at Richmond , he went thither to pay his De- votions to him, and received his laft Benedidtion from him upon his bended Knees. He was born at Greenwich , and educated firft at Wejlminjler-Schooly and then at Chri/i- Church -College , Oxford , of which he was afterwards Dean ; and being pitched upon for Preceptor to the then Prince of Wales , was firft made Bifhop of Chichejler , from thence tranflated to Salifbury , and after after the Reftoration to the See of IVimheJler . He died March 26, 1662, in the 74th Year of his Age. On the Eaft Side of the Door of St. Erafmus' s Chapel, is a Monument erected to the Memory of fane , Daughter and Coheirefs of Sir John Pultney , and Wife to Sir Cleppejby Crew y Knt. She died Dec. 2, 1639, aged 29. The next Monument in the Area, worth obferv- ing, is that of Efher de la Tour , the Lord Eland's Lady : It is of curious white Marble, reprefenting a Lady on her Death-bed, with two Mourners weeping over her, done finely in Relief ) but thq Light §2 Of Westminster-Abbey Light not being properly attended to in fixing it up, ftrikes fo ftrongly on the Nofe of the Deceafed, that it appears like a Dent, and thereby ruins the Beauty of the Face, The Infcription is in Latin andj Eng- UJh , and contains an Encomium on her many ex- cellent Virtues. She died in 1694, aged 28. Betwixt the Monuments of Henry III. and Queen Eleanor , in the Area, is a Monument eredted to the Memory of Mrs. Chrijlian Kerr , Wife to William Kerr , Efq ; and Daughter to Sir William Scott, Bart, both of the Kingdom of Scotland. She died May 16, 1694, aged 40. There is affixed to the Corner of- Henry V’s Cha- pel, a neat Monument of black Marble with a Buff of Brafs, having the Figures of Apollo and Minerva holding a Laurel Wreath over it, very elegantly de- figned. This, as appears by the Latin Infcription* was erected to the Memory of Sir Robert Alton , Knt. who in the Reign of fames I. was in great Reputa- tion for his W ritings, efpecially in the Poetical Way.. He died in 1638. Near this is an ancient fiat Stone in the Pavement* formerly iftfcribed to the Memory of Sir JohnGa - lofre called Lord of Langley , natural Son of Sir John Galofre , by f channel Putham . This Galofre was fa- mous in the Reign of Richard II. for his Wifdom and Valour, and was profecuted by the difcontented Lords : but being then Ambafiador in France , he though it prudent to remain there till the Storm, in which Burley and others fuftered Shipwreck, was appeafed : He afterwards returned home* and died at Wallingford in Berks , in 133&. Betwixt the Chapel of St. Nicholas , and the Steps going to Henry Vllth’s Chapel, is a large Monu- ment eredled to the Memory of Sir Thomas Ingram * Knt. Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancajler , and Frivy-Counfellor to King Charles II. He died Feb . 13, 1671. This Monument was eredted by Fran-- and its Curiosities. 83 5 ces his Widow, Daughter of Thomas Vifcount Fal- conberg . j Here is likewife an old Grave-ftone plated with ' Brafs, reprefenting John of Windfor , Nephew to Sir ^ William of Windfor , Lord-Lieu tenant of Ireland, in the Reign of Edwardlll . In his Youth he had been fl a great Soldier, and in many Battles had come off e victorious 3 particularly at the Battle of Shrewfbury 1 under Henry IV. but being ftung with Remorfe for the innocent Blood he had been the Means of fhed- jding, he retired from the World, and finifhed his Life in Penitence. He died April 4, 1414. Betwixt the Chapels of St. Nicholas and St. Ed- \?nund , is a Monument eredtod to the Memory of Richard Tufion, third Son of John Tuft on, Bart, and Brother to Nicholas Earl of Thanet. He died Off. 4, L1631. This Pvlonument was eredted to his Memory !by his Brother Sir Humphry Tufton , Knt. There are many Perfons, befides thofe here men- tioned, whofe Remains lie in this Area, particularly Anne of Cleve , Sifter to the Duke of Cleve , who was contrafted in Marriage to Henry VIII. and received with great Pomp, on Blackheath , Jan. 3, 1539, mar- ried to the King on the 9th of the fame Month, and in July following divorced, with Liberty to marry again ; but being fenfibly touched with the Indig- ; nity put upon her, fhe lived, retired in England , with the Title of Lady Ann of Cleve , and faW her Rival: that fupplanted her in the King’s Affedlions fuller a. worfe Fate. She furvived the King four Years, and died in 1 557. A ftill more unfortunate Queen lies near the Allies of this laft, namely, Ann Queen to Richard III. and Daughter to Nevil , the great Earl of Warwick . This Lady was poifoned by that Monfter of Cruelty her Hufband, to make Way for a Marriage with Eliza - keth Daughter to his Brother Edward IV. and Sifter to the unhappy Youths he had caufed to be mur- dered ■ ■ 84 Of Westminster-Abbey dered in the Tower , whofe Story we have already ! related , which Marriage he never lived to confum- mate, being fLain at the Battle of Bofworth- Fields where his Body was treated as fuch a Wretch de- , ferved, being ftripped naked, and in a mangled Con- dition thrown a-crofs a Horfe in a butcherly Man- ner, and expofed to the Contempt of the Rabble. Here is alfo the Remains of an old Monument j ereCted to the Memory of Sebert King of the Eajl ! Saxons, who firft built this Church, and died in July 616. Alfo of Aikelgoda his Queen, who died Sept . 13, 615. It would be tedious to enumerate every Perfon of lefs Note that has been here interred ; and there- fore we fhal! accompany your Guides to the Chapel of St. Edward , where the awful Solemnity of the Place, the facred Remains of Royal Magnificence, 1 and the ProfpeCI of what will be the End of all hu- man Glory, cannot but ftrike the Mind with ferious Contemplations. Of the Tomes, Izfc. in the Chapel of St. Edward, . *Tp H E firft Curiofity that commands your Re- A verence, is the ancient venerable Shrine of St. Edward , which ftands in the Center cf this Chapel, and was once the Glory of England , but now neg- lected, defaced and much abufed. This Shrine was ereCied by Henry III. upon the Canonization of Ed- ward King of England , (the third of that Name, and the laft of the Saxon Race) by Pope Alexander III. who caufed his Name to be placed in the Catalogue of Saints, and iflued his Bull to the Abbot Laurence , and the Convent of JVcJlminfier , enjoining ; cc that his Body be honoured hereupon Earth, as his Soul is glorified in Heaven yet our Hiftorians all agree, that he was rather a weak Prince, than endowed I with N and its Curiosities. 85 with any extraordinary Abilities ; and, indeed, he feems rather to owe this peculiar Mark of Honour to the Addrefs of the Monks, who follicited it, than to his own perfonal Merit ; for he was fo in Love with a cloiftered Life, that even the Obligations of Nature and the Ties of Royalty were difpenfed with, to make Way for Devotion and Solitude ; and though he was married 18 Years to one of the mod accomplished Women of her Age, Daughter to Earl Goodwyn , yet, as She herfelf confeiled on her Death-bed, he Suffered her to live and die a Virgin ; neither did the great Affairs of his Kingdom en- grofs more of his Concern, but were totally ma- naged by Minifters, who though they made no ill Ufe of their Power, yet paved the Way for that Al- teration of Government which foon after happened, by Reafon of the doubtful Title of his Succeffbr, and the Pretenffons of a foreign Conqueror to the Throne. Beffdes, he abandoned his own Mother to the mod inhuman Treatment of her Enemies, who were Churchmen of the mod implacable and blood-thirfty Difpofitions, and on a Charge of In- continency, after being ftripped of her Lands, Mo- ney, and jewels, exppfed her to the Trial by Ordeal, which fhe joyfully accepted ; and being brought forth in the Prefence of the King, the Prelates, and the Court, to the Amazement of all, fhe paffed un- hurt over nine Plough-Shares of red-hot Iron, walk- ing bare-footed, dreiTed like an ordinary Perfon, and naked up to the Knees, with her Eyes always fixed upwards. Whatever therefore were the Mo- tives of this Canonization, the Reward of Righte- oufnefs could never be pretended. But the Caufe may be beft difcovered by the Confequences ; for no Sooner was this Shrine eredled than the Wealth of the Kingdom feemed to flow tojt, in Offerings from all Quarters ; which Henry III. encouraged by Setting the flrft Example himfelf, though afterwaids I he 86 Of Westminster- Abbey he made Ufe of the Jewels and Treafure offered here, to defray the Charges of an Expedition into France . Betore this Shrine was a Lamp kept conti- nually burning, on one Side whereof flood an Image of the Bleffed Virgin, wrought in Silver, which, with two Jewels of immenfe Value, Eleanor , Queen to the aforefaid Henry , prefented here as an Offering ; and on the other Side ftood another Image of the Virgin, wrought in Ivory, prefented by Tho- mas Becket , Archbifhop of Canterbury . Here alfo Edward I. offered the Scotch Regalia, and Chair, which is (till preferved here and fhewn to all Stran- gers. About the Year 1280, Alphonfo^ third Son to Edward I. offered here the golden Coronet of Lle- wellyn Prince of Wales , and other Jewels. The De- votions and Offerings at this Shrine would fill a Vo- lume to enumerate. It is recorded, that Henry IV. being upon his Knees before it, was feized with an Apoplexy, and for fpeedy Relief removed to the Abbot’s Houfe, where coming to himfelf, he could not recolledl where he was ; but upon Enquiry was told the Room bore the Name of Jerufalem . His Reply was, t The Lord have Mercy iipon me then^for here I mufi die \ having been formerly told by a Ma- gician that he fhould die at ferufalem , where for ex- piating the Blood he had Lpilt ; he defigned to have made a Crufade. This Shrine was compofed of various coloured Stones, beautifully enriched with all the Coft and Art that human Imagination could devife ; fome of the curious Mofaic Work that a- domed it is ftill to be feen, but fo ftripped as to af- ford no Satisfaction but to the curious. The Stone- work is hollow within, and now enclofes a large Cheft, which Mr. Keep >, foon after the Coronation of fames II, found to contain the Remains of St. Ed- ward ; for being broken by Accident, he difcovered upon turning up the Bones a Crucifix richly orna- mented and enamelled, and a Gold Chain of 20 Inches and its Curiosities. 87 Inches long, both which he preferred to his Ma- jefty, who ordered the Bones to be replaced in the old Coffin, and enclofed in a new one made very ftrong, and clamped with Iron. Edward the Confejfor died in 1066, and was canonized in 1269. On the South Side of this Shrine Edith a , Daugh- ter to Goodwyn Earl of Kent , and Queen to St. Ed - tvard 5 lies interred. The Writers of thofe Times commend her for Beauty, Learning, prudent ©eco- nomy, gentle Manners, and inimitable Skill in Needlework, having wrought with her own Hands the curious and magnificent Robes the King ufed to wear on his Collar Days ; yet Edward , as it fhould fee in, had either no Affection for her, or was in- capable of the Rites of Matrimony ; for, as an an- cient Manufcript in the Cotton Library has it, natbe- lees , tho * the Kinge had a Wyfe he lived , evmore in Chaftete and in Clennes , wyihowten any flefnley Dedes doynge wyth his Wyfe the Efueefiy and fo dyd the Ehteen on her Syde . -Indeed their lying together for 18 Years, feems rather to favour the latter Opinion than the former. She furvived her Hufband eight Years, and beheld all the Miferies confequent upon his Death. However, fhe was treated by William the Conqueror with great Reverence, being allowed an Apartment in the King’s Palace at Winch eft er , where fhe died, and received, by his exprefs Order, Royal Exequies. Near the Remains of this Princefs lie likewife thofe of Queen Maud furnamed the Goody Daughter of Malcolm Conmairy King of Scotland , and Wife to Henry I. of England , to whom fhe was efpoufed, in order to unite the Saxon and Norman Lines, and by that Union to reconcile the Affections of the ErtgUjh People to their future Kings who fhould fpring from it. The Character of this Lady flood fo fair with the W r iters, who have tranfmitted her Memory to Pofterity, that Waverly fays, a Day would fcarce fuf- $8 Of Westminster-Abbe'y lice to recount her Virtues ; her Humility was fe great, that in Imitation of her biefied Saviour fhe would walh the Poor’s Feet, and her chief Delight was in relieving their Diftreffes : That Ihe was pi- ous, appears from her other Excellencies being fhewn in fo fair a Light ; and that Ihe was chari- table, the Hofpitals of St. Giles and the Leper’s JSofpita! in London are remaining Monuments. She died May i, 1 1 18. Part of a Latin Epitaph on this excellent Princefs has been handed down, and is to this Effect : Succefs ne’er fat exulting in her Eye, Nor Di (appointment heav’d the troubled Sigh; Profperity ne’er fadden’d o’er her Brow, While glad in Trouble Hie enjoy’d her Wee : Beauty nor made her vain, nor Scepters proud. Nor Titles taught to fcornthe meaner Croud* Supreme Humility was awful Grace, And her chief Charms a Bafhfulnefs of Face. On the North Side of this Chapel is an ancient Tomb of admirable Workmanlhip and Materials, the Pannels being of polifhed Porphyry, and the Mofaic Work round them of Gold and Scarlet: At the Corners of the Table are twifted Pillars gilt and enamelled, and the Effigy of Henry III. upon it is of gilt Brafs finely executed. This Prince was no Friend to the Churchmen, but fuffered them to be infulted by his Court Favourites : One Inftance whereof we have already given in the Behaviour of Valence Earl pf Pembroke to the Bifhop of Ely ; we need not therefore be aftonifhed that the Blots in his Reign are fo ftrongly marked out, and the beau- tiful Parts placed in fo unfavourable a Light. He came to the Crown while a Minor, 2nd Succeeded his Father King John at an Age, and in a Junfture, the moft unfortunate to form a great Char after. When and its Curiosities. 89 When he came of Age he found himfelf embarrafT- ed with his Nobles ; and, to enable him to make 1 Head againft them, obliged to require Aid of the Clergy, which was levied not without Severity, as it was granted but with Reluctance. Yet he was far from being an irreligious King, He confirmed and retrafted Magna Charta , and the Foreft Laws, according to the Situation he was in. When he had gained an Advantage over the Barons, he endea- voured to crufli, or rather curtail their Privileges * but when they prevailed, to regain the Afcendancy, he granted them unlimited Conceffions. By this Picture, which is juftly drawn, he does not appear to be a bad Man, but the Period in which he lived was bad. It was biafted by a Struggle between the King and a Part of his People for Prerogative, which neither Side thought they could give up without Injuftice to their Pofterity ; and which indeed was never finally determined, till the cutting off a King's Head by Lawfhewed where the Supreme Authority was centered. In fhort, Henry III. was neither fd weak, nor wicked, as our Hiftorians have marked him ; but his great. Misfortune was, to be obliged, for his own Safety, to call Foreigners to his Aid, and to admit them into his Counfels. He died, 1272 . •after atroublefome Reign of 56 Years, aged 65, and v/as buried by the Knights Templars , of whofe Order his Father was the Founder, with fuch Splendor, that TVykes the Monk fays, he made a more magnifi- cent Figure when dead, than he had ever "done while living ; which favours more of Malice than of Truth. At the Feet of Henry III. is an ancient Table.. Monument of grey Marble, on which lies the Effigy of Eleanor Queen to Edward Y. of whofe remarkable Story we have given a large Account in the Hijlori- cal Defcripiion of the Tower , juft publifhed, to which we refer. On the Sides of this Monument are en- I 3 graven 90 Of Westminster-Abeey. I graven the Arms of Cafiile and Leon quarterly, and thofe of Ponthieu hanging on Vines and Oak-Trees. And round the Copper Verge is embofs’d this In- I fcription in Saxon Characters, Icy gift Aiianor jadis Reyne de Angleterre , Femme al . Re, Edward Fiz . that is, Here lies' Eli anor^ formerly FJueenof England , Wife to King Edward the Firjl. It is remarkable the Body only of this Queen lies here interred, and her Heart in the Choir of the Friars Predicants in London . In this Chapel you will likewife obferve a large plain Coffin of grey Marble, compofed of feven Stones, four make the Sides, two the Ends, and one the Cover. This rough unpolilhed Tomb en- clofed the Body of the glorious King Edward I. of whom we have juft been fpeaking. He was Son to Henry III. and born at Weftminjler , June 17, 1239 ; named Edward in Honour of St. Edward his, Fa- ther’s Patron and Predeceflor, and afterwards Long- Shanks from his tall and flender Body. He is called Edward I. becaufe he was the firft of that Name after the Conqueft. Of his Atchievements we have already fpoken in our Defcription of the Tower ; but his Charge to his Son Edvjard II. when on his Death-bed, is there omitted $ the Subftance of which Was, firjl , that he fhould carry his Bones with Wm through Scotland , till he had brought that Kingdom into S ubjeClion \ 2dly, that he ftiould fend his Heart to the Holy Land , with 140 Knights and 32,000/. which he had provided for that Purpofe ; and 3dly, that he ftiould never recall Gavejfone , a banifhed Courtier, from his Exile ; notone of which Injunc- tions were performed by the Prince. After his Death Peter of Spain , the Cardinal Legate, made folemn Proceffions, and gave a Year’s Indulgence to all who ftiould pray for the King’s Soul, whofe Death Robert Archbilhop of Canterbury is faid to have feen in a Vifion at Rome, He died July 7, i3°7> audits Curiosities. 91 1307, after a Reign of 34 Years, and a Life of fixty-eight. Near that of Henry III. is a fmall Monument co- vered with a Slab of black Lydian finely polifhed* in Memory of Elizabeth Tudor , fecond Daughter of King Henry V II. who died at Eltham in Kent , 14, 1495, aged three Years, from whence file was removed in great Funeral Pomp, and here buried. Here is likewife another Table Monument in Memory of Margaret Daughter to Edward IV. by Elizabeth Woodville his Queen, which has Part of an Infcription upon it, fhewing her Name, Quality* and Age, being only nine Months. She died April 19, 1472. Next to this Chapel is that of Henry V. parted from it only by an Iron Screen, on each Side of which are Images, big as the Life, and guarding as it were the Stair-cafe afcending to the Chauntry over it. Here you will fee the magnificent Tomb of that glorious and warlike Prince, Henry of Mon- mouth , fo called from the Place of his Nativity ; of whofe gallant Aftions we have already fpoken in our Defer ipti on of the Tower . This Prince was guilty of great Extravagancies in his Youth, and is laid* ■with Sir John Faijlajf^ to belong to a Gang of Shar- pers, yet upon his Advancement to the Crown, made a moft excellent King, and by the memorable Battle of Agincouri acquired to himfelf and the Eng- Ufa Nation immortal Glory. But while he was yet in Purfuit of farther Conquefts, he was cut off by the Hand of Providence, .and died in France in the 34th Yearof his Age, and the 10th of his Reign. Immediately upon his Death his Bov/els were bu- ried, and his Body being cered and enciofed in Lead, was attended by the Nobility of England and France to the Church of Notre Dame at Paris , where Funeral Exequies were performed; and then Being laid in an open Chariot, on which was placed his Image 92 Of Westminster-Abbey Image made of tann’d Hides, boiled and painted to the Life, he was brought to England , accompanied by the King of Scotland , and the chief of the Englijh Nobility and Knights at Arms. As he palled thro’ the Towns of Abbeville , He din , Montreville , Bullogne , and Calais , a rich Canopy of State was born over him by Perfons of the firft Quality ; and when he arrived at Canterbury his Exequies were again cele- brated. F rom Canterbury he was conveyed by Wa- ter to London , and refted in the Cathedral of St. Paul*, from whence a grand and folemn ProcelTion began : On the Covering of the foremoft Horfe that drew his Chariot was embroidered the Arms of England ; on the fecond the Arms of England and France quar- terly , on the third that of France ; and on the fourth King ArtlwPs^ namely, three Crowns in a Field, Azure ; his Effigy oh^the Coffin was cloathed in a Robe of Purple and Ermind* vwith a golden Crown upon his Plead, and the Royal Sandab on his Feet, and holding in one Hand his Scepthtvand in the other the Ball and Crofs : Around the Chariot 1400 Tapers were carried by venerable Perfons; and be- fore it all the Bifhops, and principal Clergy in their proper Habits. It nvas followed by the Nobility', and chief Citizens in their Formalities, and in this manner proceeded to TVeJiminJier- Abbeys where it was interred with more than Royal Pomp. He was laid at the Feet of St. Edward , in a Place fet a-part for keeping Reliques, where his Queen eredted a Monument over him of grey Marble, whereon was placed his Statue; the Body whereof .was Heart of Oak, and the Head beaten Silver ; as v/ere the Scep- ter and other Enfigns of Royalty that adorned it. But all that was Silver fell a Prey to the Pilferers of 'GromwelFs Army, who fpared nothing that w^as va- luable for the Sake of fine Workmanfhip. This Tomb was enclofed with Grates , and Gates of Iron by Henry VIL and over it in aCKauntry Chapel the Weapons, and its Curiosities. 93 } W capons, Armour, and Caparifons of Henry V. ^ jwere carefully laid up, and remain to this Day. ] Accordingly to the Delcription given of this Prince, lewas tall of Stature, of a long Neck, his Body jlean and {lender, and his Bones fmall ; yet was he of fuch Strength as to be exceeded by few. He was brave, generous, and undaunted ; and would un- doubtedly have raifed the Glory of England to its Meridian Luftre, had not Death fo early put a Stop tohis Defigns. Near this Tomb lie inclofed in an old v/ooden Cheft the Remains of Katharine , Queen to the Prince of whom we have been fpeaking. This Lady was youngeft Daughter to Charles VI. of France , and being of extraordinary Beauty, the King, upon cafually feeing her, was fo enamoured, that he fwore to the Duke of Burgundy , that he would either have her in Marriage, or he would drive the King of France out of his Kingdom, and him from his Dukedom; which Refolutiom being entered upon, the Marriage was confented to, and celebrated by the Archbifhop of Sens in the Church of St. Katherine at Troys. At her Coronation King James the Firft of Scotland attended the Ceremony, and fhortly after Hie brought forth an Heir to the Crown, who foon fucceeded to the Throne ; for the very fame Year going to vifit her Huflband in France , (he had the Mortification to attend his Corpfe to England , where Hie was a mournful Spec- tator of his Funeral. Being very young, and very handfome, and withal very rich, fhe foon forgot her Grief ; and placed her Aftedlions on Owen ap Tudor^ a Welchman , of mean Fortune, but of Roya! Defcent, and the beft made Man of his Time, with the comlieft and moft graceful Appearance, This Marriage, as fome report, was kept a Secret till the Queen’s Death ; but a writer of good Authority gives this Account, “ that neither the Beauty of Tudor* s 94 Of W estminster-Abbey Tudor' s Perfon, nor his C-enealogy deduced froml Briiifh Kings, couid prevent both him and the! Queen from falling under a fevere Profecution asl foon as their Marriage was declared ; this forced the) Queen to retire to the Monaftery of Bermondfey , in Southwark , where fhe died as it is thought of Grief in the 38th Year of her Age, leaving three Sons by this Marftage behind her ; Edmund \ Jafper , and Owen . Edmund , furnamed of Hadham , was after wards Earl of Richmond , and married Margaret only Daughter and Heirefs to Beaufort , Duke of , merfet , the Grandfon of of Gaunt , of whom we have fpoken largely in the Hijhry of the Tower y by this Marriage was Henry Earl of Richmond , after- wards Henry VIL Jafper , the fecond Son of Owen Tudor , was created Earl Pembroke by Henry VI. and Duke of Bedford by Henry VIL but died without Ifliie. And Ovjen Tudor took the religious Habit, and died a Monk of this Abbey, in which he lies interred. As to Oztwz Tudor the Father, Hiftorians differ widely, but all agree that he was committed to Newgate , from whence, according to fome, he twice efcaped, and died in fighting for the Houfe of Lancajiery but, as others fay, was tried and con- demned upon a Law made in this Reign, againft any Subject who ffiould prefume to marry a Queen Dowager of England. But what feems moft to be depended upon is, that he was beheaded at Here- ford , Feb. 2, 146 1 , for efpoufing the Caufe of Hen- ry VI. Queen Katherine herfelf received an honour- able Burial in the Chapel of Henry III. but when her Grandfon pulled down that to build his own, her Body was taken up, the Bones whereof were firmly united and thinly covered with Flefh, but the Coffin being decayed was put into a wooden Cheft, and removed to the Place v/here it is now to be feen* She died Jan. 2, 1437- In and its Curiosities. 95 In this Chapel is an ancient Tomb of black Mar~ >le, to the Memory of Philippa , third Daughter to William Earl of Heinault , and Queen to King Ed- ' ward HI. with whom file lived forty-two Years, and bore him fourteen Children. Plarding tells us, that when an Embafiy was fent to chufe one of the {EaiTs Daughters, a certain Englijh Biihop advifed, to chufe the Lady with the largeft Hips, as promif- ing a numerous Progeny. She died Aug . 15, 1369, and the King her Hufband beftowed a Profufion of Expence in performing her Exequies, and erect- ing her Tomb, round which were placed as Orna- ments, the Brazen Statues of no lefs than thirty Kings, Princes, and noble Perfonages, her Rela« j lions. Adjoining to this is the Tomb of Edward III. which is likew-ife very ancient, and covered with ! a Gothic Canopy. On a Table of grey Marble lies ! the Effigy of this Prince, tbo 7 his Corpfe was depo- filed in the fame Grave with the Queen's, according to her Requeft on her Death-bed. This Tomb was | furrounded like the former with Statues, particular- ly thofe of his Children, and at the Head of it is | placed the Shield and Sword carried before him in Ft ance . The Sword is feven Feet long, and weighs eighteen Pounds. During the Reign of this Prince, England flourifhed in Arts and Arms ; but towards I the Clofe of his Life he grew weary of Government, I and d : voted himfelf to the Pleafure of a Woman, who, after rendering him ridiculous to every body elfe, fhamefully deferted him in his laft Moments, and left him to expire without a Friend to clofe. his Eyes. This Woman was Alice Perers , ox Pierce y \ afterwards married to Sir William Windjhr , who, when the King was breathing his Laft, ftript the Rings from his Fingers and retired : It is recorded, I indeed, that a Friar coming into the Room at that Inftant, and moved at To melancholy an Object, ad- 96 Of Westminster-Abbey advanced to his Bed-fide, and prefenting a Crucifix, bid him crave Pardon for his Sins, which the King perceiving, grafped it with his Hand, and often kifs’d its Feet, the Tears flowing from his Eyes a- pace: He was once heard to pronounce the Word Jefusy and fo expired, June 21, 1377, aged 64. He reigned 50 Years, 4 Months, and 28 13 -ays. For a more particular Account of his martial Exploits, fee the Hijlorical Defcription of the Tower , fo often re- ferred to. Next adjoining to this is another Tomb erefted to the Memory of Richard II. and his Queen j over which is a Canopy of Wood remarkable for a curi- ous Painting of the Virgin Mary and our Saviour, ftill vifible upon it. This Richard was Son to Ed- ward the Black Prince , and Grandfon to Edward III. above fpoken of, whom he fucceededat eleven Years of Age. He was a moft beautiful Youth, but too much addidfed to his Pleafures, and too fiery to be kept within the Bounds of Moderation, which in- volved him in a Series of Troubles, that ended but with his Life. The treacherous Afiaffination of his Uncle, who thwarted his unpopular Meafures, of which we have already given an Account, was fufficiently revenged upon himfelf ; for, being de- throned by his Subjedts, Henry IV. furnamed Bui- linghroke , ufurped the Crown, and to fecure his new Dignity, firfl imprifoned the King, and then con- fpired his Death, which one Sir Pierce of Exon, with eight others, accomplifhed by entering the Cham- ber of his Prifon in P omfret-CaJlle in Yorkjhire , and inhumanly butchering him. The King apprehend- ing their Defign when they entered, puihed the Table forward, and {hatching a Bill from the firfl: that approached him, bravely flood upon his De- fence, and flew four of the Affaffins; but Sir Pierce getting behind him, with a Pole-Ax ftruck out his Brains. This horrid Murder was perpetrated on St. and its Curiosities. 97 St. Valentine's Day, in 1399 ; and upon the firft News of it, the Ufurper caufed the Body to be em- balmed, and brought to St. Paul’s Cathedral, where it was expofed to public View, and afterwards re- . moved to Langley . There it remained till Henry V. ordered it to be brought in all the Pomp of Royal- ty, and depofited near the Remains of his great Predeceflor and Patron St. Edward . The Robing of this Effigy is curioufly wrought with Peafcod Shells open and the Peafe out, perhaps in Allufion to his being once in full PofTefiion of Sovereignty, but foon reduced to an empty Title. In the fame Tomb with this Prince lies his Queen, Anne , Daughter to Charles IV. and Sifter to JVenceflaus , Emperor and King of Bohemia , who brought him neither Dowry nor 111 he ; yet his Love for her was fo violent, that he curfed the Place of her Death, and ordered the Buildings thereon to be demolifhed. She died at Shcne , June 7, 1394, after being married twelve Years. Between the Shrine of St. Edward. , and the Tomb of Queen Philippa , under a large Stone once finely plaited with Brafs, lies the great Thomas of Wood - Jlock , Duke of Gloucester , Uncle to the above Richard II. and murdered by him : He was Brother to the Black Prince , and fixth and youngeft Son to Edward III. The Manner of his Death we have already fully related, but the Caufe of it requires fpme Explanation : The Duke was extremely care- ful of the national W elfare during the King’s Mi- nority ; and being piqued at the unhappy Meafures he faw him obftinately purfuing when of Age, he was wont to reprove him with a Severity, perhaps, too rough for the haughty Humour of a young King ; and therefore, as his Majefty frequently found him troublefome in crofting his Defigns, he refolved to rid himfelf at once of fo free a Monitor, by removing him for ever from the Knowledge of K his 98 Of W estminster-Abbey his Adlions. The King, however, furvived him but one Year; and it may be truly faid, that his own Profperity determined with the Duke's Life ; for he never enjoyed one good Day after his Mur- der, which happened Sept. 8, 1397. In this Chapel was interred the Heart of Henry tF Almaine^ Son to Richard King of the Romans , Brother to Henry III. This Prince having embark- ed with Edward Prince of Wales , to accompany him in his Expedition to the Holy Land , was interrupted in that Defign, by the Alterations that juft then happened in the Affairs of France , which made his Prefence neceflary in that Kingdom to fuperintend the Engli/h Intereft there. With this View there- fore he was fent back, and in palling thro’ Viterbo , was iacrilegiouflv affaffinated in the Church of St. Silvejler , as he was performing his Devotions before the "High Altar. Simon and Guido Montfort , Sons to Simon de Montfort , Earl of Leicefler , were the Perpe- trators of this audacious A (ft, in Revenge for their Fathers Death, who, with their Brother Henry^ was jlain in the Battle of Evejbam, in lighting againft their lawful Sovereign. The Picture of this Mur- der the Inhabitants had painted, and hung up in the Church, where we are told it ftill remains. The Afladins were excommunicated, and Simon died miferably in France , the Year after; but Guido took Shelter in Norway , where a Reward was offered by the King of England for apprehending him, but in vain ; he efcaped from thence, and wandered up and down a V agabond, not knowing where to fettle inSecurity. Old Montfort headed the Barons againft King Henry III. and was at firft fo fuccefsful as to take the King Prifoner ; but being furprized at Eve- foam by the Vigilance of young Edward , affifted by his Uncle the King of the Romans , and this Henry V Ain Mine his Son, was killed, and the King refcu- ed ; hence arofe that Spirit of Revenge that prompt- and its Curiosities. fjg ed the furviving Sons to this impious Aft. In I271, the Year after the Murder, the Body of Henry was brought to England , and buried in the Monaftery of St. Helens ; but his Heart was put in a Cup and placed near St. Edward's Shrine. In this Chapel, in a handfome Wainfcot Prefs, is the Effigy of Edmund Sheffield , Duke of Bucking- ham , who died at Rome Oft. 30, 1735% and was buried in Henry Vllth’s Chapel, Jan. 31, 1736. He died at the Age of 19 Years, 9 Months and 19 Days, and was the fecond and laft Duke of this noble Fa- mily. In this Chapel, as well as in all the others, there are many honourable Perfonages not diftinguifhed by Monuments or Infcriptions, of whom, perhaps, it might be expefted we fhould take fome Notice ; but as we do not pofitively write a Regifter of Bu- rials, we muft refer the Curious, who leek for fur- ther Satisfaction, to more voluminous Writers on that unpleafing Subjeft. We are. fenfible that we have faid enough to direft the Reader’s Eye to what is moft engaging ; and if any thing be here omitted, concerning which a nice and inquifitive Speftator may defire to be informed, by applying to the Guides, who are well {killed in thefe Matters, it is not doubted but all poffible Satisfaction may be obtained. We fhall therefore take Leave of all the enclofed Parts of this Abbey, and proceed direftly to a De- scription of thofe Monuments that every one may view and contemplate as often and as long as they plea-fe. jTf r 1 \ im Of Westminster-Abbev Of the Tombs in the open Parts of W est- minster-Abbey. I N defcribing thefe, the fame Rule fhall be obferv- ed as has already been followed with Refpedt to the enclofed Chapels. Ill order to which we muft return to the South Crofs, and at the outermoft Corner of that Chapel, with which we began our Survey, you will fee the Tomb of Mr. Dryden y from whence moving ftill to the Right, and pro- ceeding along the outer Walls, you will find every Monument fet down in Order, all round the Abbey* till you come to the Rails that enclofe the Chapels in the North Crofs, where turning your Face to the Choir, and moving ftill to the Right, you will be again led back to the Place from whence you at firft fet out ; by which Method not one Monument of Note will efcape your Obfervation, as thofe upon the Pillars and intermediate Spaces will be particu- larly pointed out. To begin then with Mr, DRYDEN, This plain majeftic Monument was eredted to the Memory of Mr. John Dry den , by the late Duke of Buckingham , who valued his Writings fo much, that he thought no Infcription neceflfary to fpread his Fame. J. Dryden, horn 1632, died May 1, 1700. John Sheffield , Duke of Buckinghamshire , ere fled this Monument , J720, is all you can learn here, the reft you muft gather from his Works, many of which will be read with Pleafure as long as the Englijh Lan- guage {hall continue to be underftood. That divine Ode of his upon St. Cecilia's Day, has never yet been equalled, perhaps will never be excelled. 2. Mrs. <$nd its Curiosities. mi \ 2. Mrs. MARTHA BIRCH. High on a Pillar is a neat Table Monument to the Memory of this Lady, who, as the Infcription Ihews, was Daughter to Samuel Viner y Efq; and firft married to Francis Millington^ Efq; and after his Death to Peter Birch , Prebendary of this Abbey ; and that fhe was pious, chafte, and prudent. She died May 15, 1703, in the 5.0th Year of her Age, 3. ABRAHAM COWLEY, This Monument, though apparently plain, is very expreffive ; the Chaplet of Laurel that begirts his Urn, and the Fire ifiuing from the Mouth of it, are fine Emblems of the Glory he acquired by the Spirit of his Writings : The Latin Infcription and Epitaph on the Pedeftal, we find thus rendered into Englijh : Near this Place lies Abraham Cowley-, the Pin- 54 dar , Horace , and Virgil of England ; and the Delight, Ornament, and Admiration of his sc Age : While, facred Bard, far Worlds thy Works proclaim. And you furvive in an immortal Fame, Here may you blefs’d in pieafing Quiet lie, To guard thy Urn may hoary Faith ftand by *. And all thy fav’rite tuneful Nine repair To watch thy Dufl with a perpetual Care. Sacred for ever may this Place be made, ' And may no defp’rate Hand prefume t’invade With Touch unhallow’d, this religious Roprn, Or dare affront thy venerable Tomb; ' K 3 Un~ i02 Of Westminster-Abbe r Unmov’d and undifturb’d, till Time {hall end. May Cowley's Duft this Marble Shrine defend. So wilhes, and defires that Wifti may be faered to .Pofterity, George Duke of Buckingham^ who eredted this Monument for that incomparable where he was revered fox and its Curiosities. 115 for his Piety to God and Humanity to Men. Pie employed himfelf in reconciling Differences among his Neighbours, in which he obtained fo great a Charadter that few would refute the moft difficult Caufe to his Determination ; and the moft litigious would not appeal from it. He died in 1,698, aged 68 Years. And of Sir Robert Atkins, eldeft Son of Sir Robert above-mentioned, A Gentleman verfed in polite Literature, and in the Antiquities of this Country, of which his Hiftory of Gloucefterjhire is a Proof, He died in 171X5 aged 65 Years. In Memory of his Anceftors, who have fo ho- nourably preiided in the Courts of Juftice in Weft- ininfter-Hall , Edward Atkins , Efqj late of Kiitering- ham in Norfolk , fecond Son of the laft named Sir Edward , caufed this Monument to be eredied, He died Jan . 20, 1750, aged 79 Years. i 9 . WILLIAM OUTRAM. The Latin Infcription on this Monument gives an ample Account of the Perfon for whom it was e- redted ; and therefore we ftiall here infert the Tranf- lation : cc Near this Place lies William Qutram , D.D. born in Derbyfhire , Fellow of Trinity and Chrift- Church Colleges in Cambridge , Canon of this Abbey, and Archdeacon of Leceifter ; an accomplilhed Di- vine, a nervous and accurate Writer, an excellent and diligent Preacher, firft in Lincolnftire , afterwards at London , and laftly at St. Margaret's Weftminfter y where he ftnhhed his Life with great Applaufe, and no lefs Succefs ; but in the Courfe of fo much La- bour and Intenfencfs of Mind, being enflamed with the n6 Of Westminster-Abeey the Study of Scripture and the Holy Fathers, he grew much diftempered with the Gravel, with which, being long afflidied, and at length worn out, he ended his Life with the utmoft Compofure of Mind, Aug. 22, 1678, aged 54.”-' The Infcrip- tion on the Pedeftal {hews farther, that 4C after a long and religious Life, and 42 Years of Widow- hood, here relts Jane y Wife of Dr* Outram y who died 0^.4, 1721. 20. ISAAC BARROW. This Monument is remarkable for a fine Bull on the Top of it reprefenting this truly great Man, who, as his Infcription {hews, was Chaplain to King Charles II. Head of Trinity College Cambridge , Geo- metry Profeffor of Grejham College in London , and of Greek and Mathematics at Cambridge . This great Divine, in his Youth, travelled through moil Parts of Europe , and learned the moft polite Languages : His Works have been faid to be the Foundation of all the Divinity that has been written fince his Time. He died May.\ y 1677, aged 47. 21. THOMAS TRIPLET. This Gentleman was likewife a great Divine. He was born near Oxford , and educated at Chrijl-Churck in the Univerfity of that City, where he was e (teem- ed a Wit, a good Grecian , and a Poet. In 1645, he was made Prebend of Prefon in the Church of Sa- ra and had alfo a Living, which being fequeftered in the Rebellion he lied to Ireland , and taught School in Dublin , where he was when King Charles I. was beheaded. Not liking Ireland , he returned to Eng- land y and taught School at Hays in Middlefex , till the Reiteration, when he was made Prebend of Weft- minder* and of Fenton in the Church of York . He died and its Curiosities. uj died at a good old Age, July 18, 1670, much be- loved and lamented. 22. EDW. WET TEN HALL, M.D. Over Dr. Triplet’s is a handfome Monument for Dr. Wetienhall , an eminent Phyfici-an, Son to Biftiop Wettenhall , who died Aug. 29, 1733. His Father was Dr. Edward Wetienhall , who was firft advanced to the See of Cbri in Ireland , which he filled with great Dignity for twenty Years $ but was, after-.. wards tranflated from thence to Killmore and Rofs^ which he held fourteen Years. He died Nov. 12, 1713, aged 78.' 23. Sir RICHARD COX. Adjoining to Tripled s is a Table Monument of white Marble erected to the Memory of this Gen- tleman, who was T after to Queen Elizabeth and King James I. and to the latter Steward of the Houfhold, a Man commended in his Epitaph, for his Religion, Humanity, Chaftity, Temperance, Friendlhip, Beneficence, Charity, Vigilance, and Self-Denial. He was third Son to Thomas Cox , of Beymonds in Hertfordjhlre , and died a Batchelor in the 60th Year of his Age, Dec. 13, 1623. 24. ISAAC CASAUBON* This neat Monument was erected by the learned Dr. Moreton Biftiop of Durham , to the Memory of that profound Scholar and Critic whofe Name is inferibed upon it; and who, though a Native of France , and in his younger Years Royal Library- Keeper at Paris , yet was fo diflatisfied with the ce- remonial Part of the Romi/b Worihip, that upon the Murder of his great Patron Henrv IV. he willingly quitted n8 Of Westmxnster-Abbey quitted his native Country, and at the caraeft En- treaty of King fames I. fettled in England \ where, for his uncommoftxKnowledge, he became the Ad- miration of all Men Learning, He died in 1614, aged 55. 25. JOHN ERNEST GRABE. Over Cafaubon s is a curious Figure, large as the Life, reprefenting this great Man fitting upon a Marble Tomb in a thoughtful Pofture, as contem- plating the Sorrows of Death, and the Horrors of the Grave. He was a Man deeply {killed in orien- tal Learning. He died Nov. 3, 1711, aged 46, and was buried at Pancras near London . This Monu- ment was eretfted by Robert Harley , Earl of Oxford and Mortimer . 26. WILLIAM CAMS DEN. Next the Weft Corner of this Crofs is an ancient Monument to the Memory of the great Father of our Antiquities, who is reprefented in a Half-length in the Drefs of his Time, with his left Hand hold- ing a Book, and in his Right his Gloves, refting on an Altar, on the Body of which is a Latin Infcrip- tion, fetting forth, “ his indefatigable Induftry in illuftrating the Briti/h Antiquities, and his Candour, Sincerity, and pleafant good Humour in private Life.” He was Son to Sa?npfon Cambden , Citizen of London , and Painter-ftainer, was born in the Old Bai- ley , May 2, 1551, and received the firft Rudiments of his Education a t Chri/l-Cburch-HofpitaL In 1566, he entered himfelf of Magdalen College, Oxford , but afterwards removed to Pembroke , where he became acquainted with Dr. Goodman , Dean of TVeJlminJler , by whofe Recommendation, in 1575, he was made fecond Mafter of the Abbey-School, and began the labo- and its Curiosities. tig laborious Work of his Antiquities, encouraged thereto and afiifted by his Patron Dr. Goodman . In 1588, he was made Prebend of Ilfracombe in the Church of Sarum> which he held till his Death. In 1593, he wa s made Head Matter of JVeJlminfter School. In 1596, Richmond Herald , and next Day Clarencieux King at Arms . In 1619, he founded his Hittory Ledture in Oxford . In Auguft 1622, he fell from his Chair at his Houfe in GhiJJelhurJi in Rent 9 and never recovered, but lingered till Nov. 9, 1623, and then died, aged 74. This Monument has lately been repaired and beauti - fed at the Charge and Expence of the TJniverfity of Ox- 9 ford, and Iron Rails ft before it • Thefe are all the memorable Perfonages whofe Tombs adorn the Walls of this Divitton of the Ab- bey ; but there are feme Names to be met with on the Pavement too confiderable to be patted over unnoticed. Among thefe you will find Thomas Parr , of the County of Salop ^ born in 1483. He lived in the Reign of ten Princes, namely. King Edward IV. King Edward V. King Richard III. King Hen- ry VII. King Henry VIII. King EdwardV I. Queen Mary , Queen Elizabeth , King James y and King Charles ; aged 152 Years, and was buried here, Nov* 15, 1635. One Thing remarkable of this old Man is, that at the Age of 130,"* a Profecution was entered againft him in the Spiritual Court for Bafterdy, and with fuch Erie ft, that he did Pe- nance publickly in the Church for that Offence. - -Not far from Parr , diftinguifhed by a fmall white Stone, thus inferibed. O rare Sir William Davenant, lie the Remains of that once celebrated Poet, who, upon the Death of Ben Johnfon fucceeded him as Poet- 120 Of Westminster-Abbey Poet-Laureat to King Charles L but having loft his Nofe by an Accident , was cruelly banterred by the Wits of the fucceeding Reira. His Steadinefs to the Royal Caufe,was remarkable. In 1641 he was accufed of feducing the Parliament Army from them Duty, and forced to fly into France. In 1643, he was knighted for his Bravery at the Siege of Glou - cejlcr ; but the King’s Caufe declining, he was forced once more to take Refuse in France , where he wrote his Gondibert. Attempting to return he was taken at Sea, confined in the Ifie of Wight , and thence removed to the Tower , in order to take his Trial at the high Court of Jufticiary, as it was cal- led ; but by Milton s Management, he was fpared. He lived to fee the Reftoration, and to enj oy his oldPoft, in which he was fucceededby Mr. Dry den. He was a Vintner’s Son a tO>fordj whole Wife be- ing a Woman of admirable Wit, and fprightly Convention, drew a Refort of the politeft Men of that Age to their Houfe, among whom 5 hakefpear is faid to be a frequent Vifitor. His Education was at Lincoln-College , wdiere he became acquainted with Endimion Porter , Henry Jer main , and Sir John Suck - ling . He diedin 16685 aged 63. Not far from Davenant lies Sir Robert Murray , a great Mathematician, and one of the Founders of the Royal-Society, of which he was the firft Prefl- dent, and while he lived was the very Soul of that Body. He was a great Admirer of the P^ofecrufians y was well verfed in Chemiftry, and Experimental Phiiofophy; and in great Favour with K. Charles II. to whom he was Secretary for Scotland , and a Privy- Counfellor. He died fuddeniy July 4, 1673, in the Garden at Whitehall , and was buried at the King’s Expence. Between the firft Pillar of this Crofs and Dryden s Monument, is an ancient Stone of grey Marble, in which by the Marks has been the Image of a Man in and its Curiosities, iar In Armour. This covers the Body of John Haule , a private Soldier, who at the Battle of Nazers in Spain ? in Richard IIFs Time, together with John Schakel his Comrade, took the Earl of Denne Prifo- ner, who under Pretence of raifing Money for his Ranfom obtained his Liberty, leaving his Son as a Surety in their Hands. Upon their coming to Eng- land^ the Duke of Lancajler demanded him for the King \ but they refufed to deliver him up without a Ranfom, and were therefore both committed to the Tower , from whence efcaping they took Sanctu- ary in this Abbey. Sir Ralph Ferrer is and Alan Bux~ the one Governor, the other Captain of the Tower , with 50 more Men, purfued them, and hav- ing by fair Promifes gained over Schakel , they at- tempted to feize Haule by Force, who made a def- perate Defence ; but being over-powered by Num- bers, was {lain Aug. 11, 1 378, in the Choir before the Prior's Stall, commending himfelf to God the Avenger of Wrongs ; and at the fame Time a Ser- vant of the Abbey fell with him. Schakel they threw into Prifon, but afterwards he was fet at Liberty, and the King and Council of England agreed to pay Schakel for the Ranfom of his Prifoner 500 Marks, and 100 Marks per Annum . Some Years after- wards Schakel died, and was likewife buried here in 1396. Under the Pavement, near Dryderfs Tomb, lies the Remains -of Francis Beaumont , the Dramatic Writer, who died in London in March 1615, and was buried here the 9th of the fame Month, with- out Tomb or Infcription. Affixed to the Pillars in this Crofs, are two Table Monuments ; the firft to the Memory of M 27. Dr. 122 Of Westminster-Abjbey 27. Dr, SAMUEL BARTON, Who by the Infcription appears to have been a Prebendary of this Church, and a Perfon of admi- rable Genius and Learning. He died Sept . 1715, aged 62.- The other to the Memory of 28. Dr. A N T H • HORNEGK. This Gentleman was born at Wittenberg in Zea- land , but educated at Queen’s College , Oxford ; was King’s Divinity-Profeflbr and Chaplain, a Preben- dary of this Church, and Preacher at the Savoy, A Man, as his Infcription declares, of the firftRank for Learning, Holinefs of Life, and Gravity of Manners; an indefatigable Preacher, andafmooth and florid Orator, He died of the Stone, fan. 31, 1696, aged 56. We proceed now to the South Isle; where turning your Face £0 the Wall, you will fee the Tomb of 29, SOPHIA FAIRHOLM, Marchionefs of Anandale. This Lady, of whom we know nothing but by her monumental Infcription, was born in Scotland T and was Mother to the Marquis of Anandale , who, 5ts a Mark of his Duty and Gratitude, caufed this Monument to be erefted to her Memory. It is the Reprefentation of an ancient Sepulchre, over which a ftately Edifice is raifed, ornamented at Top with the Family Arms. She died Dec, 13, 1716, aged 49. 30, ANN mid Its Curiosities* 12J 30. ANN WE MY S. Affixed to the Wall is a fmall oval Tablet, thus mfcribed ; “ Near thefe Steps lies the Body of Mrs. Ann Wemys , Daughter to Dr. LodovAck Wemys y fome Time Prebendary of this Cathedral; and of Mrs. Jane Bargrave his Wife, who departed tin* Life Drr. 19, 1698, in her 67th Year.' 5 31. Sir CLOUDESLY SHOVEL, Km* He was- knighted May 16, 1689. This Monument requires the more Attention, as it has given Offence to Men of the beft Tafte, par- ticularly to the great Mr. Addijon , who complains that inftead of the brave rough Englijh Admiral, which was the diftinguiihing Character of this plain gallant Man, he is here reprefented by the Figure of a Beau, repofmg himfelf upon Velvet Cufhions un- der a Canopy of State. He excepts againft the In- scription likewife, which inftead of celebrating the many remarkable Actions he had performed in the Service of his Country, acquaints us only with the Manner of his Death, in which it was impoflible for him to reap any Honour. The Infcription is this : Sir Cloudefly Shovel* Knt. Rear-Admiral of Great Britain ; and Admiral and Commander in chief of the Fleet— the juft Reward of his long and faithful Services. — He was defervedly beloved of his Country ^ and ejleemed , tho dreaded , by the Enemy , who had often ex- perienced his Conduct and Courage. — Being fhipwreck' d on the Rocks VScylly, in his Voyage from Thoulon the 22 dof October, 1707, at Night ^ in the 57 th Tear of his Age , his Fate was lamented by alf but e Specially by the feafaring Fart of the Nation ; to whom he was a ge- nerous Patron^ and a worthy Example.— His Body was M 2 fun g 124 Of Westminster-Abbey flung on the Shore , and hurled with others in the' Sand ; hut being foon after taken up , was placed under this Mo - nument , which his Royal Miflrefs had caufed to be eretted to commemorate his Jleady Loyalty , and extraordinary Vir- tues.- — On the Bafe of this Monument is represented in Bafs Relief the Ship AJfociation in which the Ad- miral failed, as ftriking againft a Rock, with feveral others perifhingat the fame Time, and at the Top are two Boys blowing Trumpets. Thro* the whols there is indeed no great Meaning, and yet there is fomething grand in it notwithstanding. 32. THOMAS KNIFE, S. T. P. This Monument was erefted by Alice, fecond Wife to this learned Man, who for fifty Years was employed in Wejlminfler- School, fixteen ^whereof, as Head-Mafter. He was alfo a Prebendary of this Cathedral. The long Latin Infcription contains nothing more than a laboured Recital of a good Man’s Virtues. Only that this good Man died the 8th of Aug. 1711, aged 73. Over Stepney's is a Monument ere&ed to the Me- mory of John Methuen, Efq; who died, in the Ser- vice of his Country in Portugal , July 13, 1706, and was here interr’d, Sept. 17, 1708. Alfo the Right Honourable Sir Paul Methuen, of Bijhop’s -Caning in Wilts, Son of the faid John Methuen, Efq; oneof his Majefty’s moil: Hon. Privy- Council, and Knt. of the moft Hon. Order of the Bath, who died April 11, 1757? aged 86. 33. GEO. STEPNEY, Efq; Adjoining to Rnipe's is a Monument, rich in Ma- terials, but mean in Defign, to the Memory of George Stepney, Efq; defeended from the Stepneys of Pendergrafi and its Curiosities, 125 Pender graft in Pembrokejhire , but born at Wejhninfter in 1663, and entered of Trinity-College , Cambridge , In 1682, In 1692, he was fent Envoy to the Elec- tor of Brandenburgh ; in 1696, and 1697, to the Elec- tors of Mentz , Triers , Cologne , Palatine , Landgrave of Hejfe , and to the Congrefs of Frankfort : In 1697, on his Return, he was made Commiffioner of Trade ; in 1698, was fent a fecond Time Envoy to the Elector of Brandenburgh \ in 1699, in the fame Quality to the King of Poland-, in 1701, a fecond- Time to the Emperor of Germany ; and laftly, in 17065 to the 8tates-Gen°rah All thefe feveral Em- baffles he conducted with fuch Integrity, Applica- tion, and Eafe* that he generally exceeded the Ex- pectations of his Sovereigns, William and Anne , by whom he was employed. He died at Cheljea r in 5 7065 greatly lamented, 34, Sir RICK. BINGHAM., On a plain Marble Stone againft the Wall is an Bnglijh Infcription, reciting the military Glories of the Knight to whom It is infcribed, who was of the ancient Family of the Binghams , of Bingham Melcomb in Dorfetfnre ; and ferved in the Reign of Qiieea Mary , at St. Quintins ; in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth , at Leith in Scotland ; in the We of Candy * under the Venetians ■; at Cabo Chaio^ and the famous Battle of Lepanto againft the Turks ; in the Civil Wars of France, in the Netherlands , and at Smerwiek , where the Romans and Irijh were vanquished. After this he was made Governor of Connaught , where he overthrew the Irijh Scots , expelled the traiterou* Orourke , fuppreffed divers Rebellions, and was final- ly made Marfhal of Ireland , and Governor of Lein- jler . He died at Dublin , 19, 1598, aged 701 from whence he was brought and here interred by Sir John Single -y, fpme Time his Servant. ' ' ' M 3 . 36^ CEO ? 126 Of W estminster-Abeey 35. GEO. CHURCHILL. This is a lofty Munument, much more elegant than thofe we have juft palled, and the Infcription amply fets forth the Merits of the Hero whofe Fame it is intended to tranfmit : This great Man was fe- cond Son to Sir Winfton Churchill of Dorfetjhire , Knt. and Brother to John Duke of Marlborough. He was early trained to Military Affairs, and ferved with great Honour at Sea and Land under King Charles!!* King fames II. King William , and Queen Anne * He was Captain in the Englijh Fleet at the burning the French at La Hogue , in King William's Reign ; and for his Bravery there, made one of the Com- miffioners of the Admiralty. In the fucceeding Reign he was made Admiral in Chief, and was for 20 Years together of the Bed-chamber to the Prince of Denmark . He died May 8, 1710, aged 58. 36. Capt. WILLIAM JULIUS. Of this Gentlemen we know nothing but that he was Captain of the Golchejler Man of War ; and that he died OSl. 3, 1698, aged 33. Nor L there any thing remarkable in his Monument. 37. Sir PAL. FAIRBORN E.. Between two ftately Pyramids of black Marble ftanding on Cannon-balls, adorned in the Middle ivifh emblematical Devices in Relief, and having two Moorifli Emperors Heads in Profile on their Tops, is a handfome Monument with this Infcrip- tion : Sacred to the immortal Memory of Sir Palmes F airborne, Knt. Governor of Tangier , in Exe- cution of which Command he was mortally wound- ed ?*y a Sl*Qt from t&e Moors then befieging the T own. and its Curiosities. 127 Town, in the 46th Year of his Age, Off. 24, 1680/' His Epitaph wrote by Mr. Dryden is this : Ye facred Reliques which your Marble keep. Here, undifturb’d by Wars, in quiet deep : Difcharge theTruft, which (when it was below) Fairbornes undaunted Soul did undergo, And be the Town’s Palladium from the Foe. Alive and dead thefe W alls he will defend : Great Actions great Examples mu ft attend. The Candian Siege his early Valour knew. Where Turkijh Blood did his young Hands imbrue ; From thence returning, with deferv’d Applaufe, Againft the Moors his well fteih’d Sword he draws, The fame the Courage, and the fame the Caufe. § His Youth and Age, his Life and Death combine As in fome great and regular Defign, All of a Piece throughout, and all divine. Still nearer Heav’n his Virtue fhone more bright. Like riling flames expanding in their Height, The Martyr’s Glory crown'd the Soldier’s Fight. More bravely Britijh Gen’ral never fell, Nor Gen’ral’s Death was e’er reveng’d fo well. Which his pleas’d Eyes beheld before their Clof% Follow’d by Thoufand Victims of his Foes. To his lamented Lofs, for Times to come, His pious Widow confecrates this Tomb. The Enrichments in Relief on the Pyramids re~ prefent the Manner of his glorious Death f on one Side he is viev/ing the Enemy’s Lines before the Town, and is fhot ; on the other Side is a Hearfe and Six Horfes, bringing him off wounded to the Caftle. On a lofty Dome is the Deceafed’s Arms, with this Motto tutus si fort is underneath; and over it a Turk's Head on a Dagger, by Way of Creft, rsB Of WE$TMIN r STER-ABBEY Creft, which he won by his Valour in fighting againfi that People in the German War. 38. Maj. RICHARD CREED. This is a Table Monument againft the Wall* enriched with Military Trophies : And on it there is this Infcription r “ To the Memory of the ho- noured Major Richard Greedy who attended his Ma- jefty King William the Third in all his Wars, every where fignalizing himfelf, and never more himfelr, than when he looked an Enemy in the Face. At the glorious Battle of Blenheim , Ann . Dorn , 1704, he commanded thofe Squadrons that began the Attack \ in two feveral Charges he remained unhurt * but in a third, after many Wounds received, ftill valiant- ly fighting, he was £hot through the Head : Hi$ dead Body was brought off by his Brother, at the Hazard of his own Life and buried there. To his Memory his forrowful Mother eredis this Monu- ment, placing it near another which her Son, when living, ufed 10 look upon with Pleafure, for the worthy Mention it makes of that great Man Ed- ward Earl of Sandwich , to whom he had the Honour to be related, and whofe heroic Virtues he was am- bitious to imitate. He was the eldeft Son of John Greedy of Oundel , Efq; and Elizabeth his Wife, only Daughter of Sir Gilbert Bickerings Baronet, of Tich- marjh in Northamptonfnre .” 39. Sir JOHN CHARDIN, Bart. So created May 28, 1720. This Monument is very emblematical, alluding to the Travels of this Gentleman, by which, as his Motto exprefles, he acquired his Fame . The Globe, round which a Number of Geographical Inftru- rnents are reprefented, exhibits a View of the diffe- rent and its Curiosities. rent Countries through which he travelled, and the Motto beneath refers to the Dangers he providen- tially efcaped, for which he afcribes to God the Glory. A Journal of his Travels into the Eaftem Countries he has publifhed, and Is a Book in high Efteem. 40. Mrs. BRIDGET RADLEY. This Lady was Wife to Charles Radley , Efq; Gen- ii e man- U (her Daily-Waiter to King James IL who eredled this fmall but neat Monument to her Me- mory. She died Nov. 20, 1679. 41. SIDNEY Earl Godoiphin. This Is a fine Buft richly dreffed, reprefenting Sidney Earl of Godolphin , who, in 1661, was Mem- ber of Parliament, and Groom of the Bed-chamber to King Charles IL In 1679, he was made Com- miffioner of the Treafury. In 1684, Secretary of State , and the fame Year created Baron o i Rialton % in Cornwall , by King James IL by whom alfo he was made one of the Commiffioners for executing the Office of Lord High-Treafurer. After the Re- volution he was firft made firft Commiftioner of the Treafury, and foon after Lord High Treafurer ; which Office, as his Infcription fhews, together with that of Chief Minifter, he held during the firft nine glorious Years of Queen Annes Reign. Pie died Sept. 15, 1712, aged 67. 42. Sir Ch. Harbord, Clem. Cottrel, Efq; On the Safe of this double Monument is repre- sented in Relief a dreadful Sea-Fight, and on the Top in a Wreath of Laurel this Infcription, To pre~ ferve and unite the Memory of two faithful Friends , who loll 13° Qf Westminster-Abbey loft their Lives at Sea together , May 28, 1672. Theft two young Gentlemen of the mod promifing Ex- pectations, both perilbed in the Royal "James , with the Eat! of Sandzv/ch , who commanded in her as Vice-Admiral againft the Dutch in that memorable Fight off the Coaft of Suffex in King Charles the Se- cond’s Time. The Royal James being fet on Fire, Sir Charles Harbor d, firft Lieutenant, tho’ he might have faved himfelf by fwimming, as many did 5 yet out of pure AffeCtion to his worthy Commander, chofe to die with him. Young Cottrel was a Volun- teer, and having returned to his Ship unwounded, from being the firft Man that had boarded a Dutch - man of 70 Guns, and pulled down the Enfign of her with his own Hands, perifted alfo with his Friends* This Gentleman underftood feven Languages, tho’ but 22 Y ears of Age. This moving Story is recited at large on the Monument, but too long to copy. Over the Monuments of Sir Charles Harbord, Knt. and Clement Cottrel , Efq; is the Monument of William Hargrave, Efq; Lieutenant General of his Majefty’s Forces* Colonel of the Royal Englijh Fimleers, and Governor of Gibraltar ; who hav- ing been 57 Years a commiluoned Officer, died the 2lft of January. , 1748, aged 79 Years. 44. DIANA TEMPLE. This old-fafhioned Monument feems to have been defign’d not for one Perfon, but for all Sir William Templets Family, as appears by the Infcription, in which is mentioned Diana Temple, who died at 14. Dorothy Ojbourn , probably Sir William's Lady, aged 66 ; William Temple , aged 70 ; and Martha Giffard , •ailed Lady Giffard, Sir Williams Sifter, aged 84. 45. ANN &nd its Curiosities, x 3 f 45. ANN FIELDING. This Tomb, on which are two. very learned In- scriptions, one in Hebrew , the other in Ethiopic , is erected to the Memory of the ftrft Wife of Samuel Moriandy Knt. and Bart, who feems to have been a Man of great Learning, efpecially in the E after n Languages: The Hebrew inscription is to this Effect: 46 O thou faired among Women! O virtuous Wo- “ man ! The Hand of the Lord hath done this. 44 The Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken away* and blefled be the Name of the Lord. The Ethiopic Infcription is thus tranftated : Come let us lament o 9 er ibis Monument of a beloved Hufband for thee ; buiy in certain Hope that thou art united with Christ. This Lady was truly religious , virtuous y faithful , mild as a DovCj and chafe: While jhe continued in Life, foe ■was honoured , and is happy , through Mercy , in Death This is one of Mr. Addifon s Modef Infcriptions , that has not perhaps been three Times read in more than threefcore Years. Under the Ethiopic is this Infcription in Englijh: 44 Ann Daughter to George Fielding , Efq; and of 44 Mary his Wife, the truly loving (and as truly 44 beloved) Wife of Samuel Morlandy Knt. and 44 Bart, Died Feb. 20, Ann . Dom. 1679-80.” 46. CA- l%% Of We stminstek-Abbey 46. CAR OLA HARSNET. This Tomb is much in the fame Tafte with the other, and has alfo two learned Infcriptions upon it, one in Hebrew , the other in Greek ; and was ereded to the Memory of the fecond Wife of the fame Baronet, who died in Child-bed of her fecond Son, Oft. 10, 1674, in the 23d Year of her Age. — The Infcriptions are thus tranflated : Blefled be the Lord, my Wife was precious : Blefied be thy Remembrance, O virtuous Woman. Thus far the Hebrew. The Greek runs thus: When I think of thy Mildnefs, Patience, Cha- rity, Modefty, and Piety, I lament Thee, O moft excellent Creature, and grieve exceedingly : But not like fuch as have no Faith ; for I believe and expedi the Refurredion of thofe who fleep in Chrijl . 47. JOHN SMITH, Efq; Between the two former is a beautiful Monu- ment to the Memory of John Smithy Efq; faid to be the jufteft and beft finiflied in the whole Church. The Defign is a Pyramid and Altar, on which fits a Lady veiled, mournful and difconfolate, and rett- ing her Right Arm on a curious Bufto in Relief. On the Bafe is a Latin Xnfcription, fetting forth his Defcent from the Smiths of Lincolnfhire ; and Iffue, which were two Daughters, Ann the eldeft, firft married to Henry Parker , Efq; Son of Sir Harry Parker , of Warwickjhire , and afterwards to Michael Lord Dunkellin , eldeft Son to the Earl of Clanrick - ard ; and Mary , the youngeft, married to Edward Defboverie , of Langford in Wilts , Bart. John Smithy Efq; died July the 6th, 1718. Over and its Curiosities* 133 Over the Monument of John Smith , Efq; is one erected to the Memory of James Flemings Ma- jor General of his Majefty’s Forces, and Colonel of a Regiment of Foot, who having ferved 44 Years a Commiffion’d Officer, died March 17, 175O, aged 68. 49. Col. JOHN DAVIS. Th is Gentleman, of whom we know nothing but by his Infcription, was Prefident of the Council of the liland of Si . Cbrijlopher’s , and died Dec . 13, 1725, aged 63. 50. Gen. GEORGE WADE. Over the Door that opens to the Cloifters is a moil {lately Monument to the Memory of this great Man : In the Centre is a beautiful Marble Pillar, enriched with military Trophies mofl exquifitely wrought, the principal Figures reprefent Fame pufh- ing back Time , who is eagerly approaching to pull down the Pillar with the Enfigns of Honour that adorn it. The whole is finely executed, and can- not be admired too much. The General’s Head Is in Medalion > and the Infcription underneath run§ thus : 45 T o the Memory of George Wade y Field-Marfhal of his Majefty’s Forces, Lieutenant-General of €C the Ordnance, Colonel of his Majefty’s third 44 Regiment of Dragoon Guards, Governor of iC Fort William^ Fort Augujius^ and Fort George , and 44 and one of his Majefty’s moft Honourable Privy- 44 Council. He died March 14, 1748, aged 75.” N 51. RO~ 134 Of Westminster.- Abbe* 51. ROBERT CANNON, D. D. This plain neat Monument was ere&ed to the Memory of Dr. Robert Cannon , Dean of Lincoln , and Prebendary of this Church, who died March 28, 1722, aged 59, In this Place formerly flood the Monument of peers Griffith, Efq\ who died Aug. 18, 1628. 52. KATHERINE BOVE Y. The principal Figures on this Monument are Faith with her Book clofed, and JVifdom lamenting the Death of her Patronefs, between which is a Lady’s Head in an Anulet of black Marble curioufly veined. Over it is an Englijh Infcription, giving a Character of the Deceafed, who died Jan . 21, 1726, in the 72d Year of her Age. Mrs. Mary Pope , who lived with her near 40 Years, in perfect Friendfliip, erefted this Monument to her Memory. 53. HENRY WHARTON. This is a fmall Table Monument, made remark- able only by the great Name inferibed upon it, who was Reftor of Chatham in Kent , Vicar of the Church ©f Minjter in the Hie of Thanet , Chaplain to Arch- bifhop Bancroft , and one of the moft voluminous Writers of his Years, perhaps in the World. He died March 3, 1624, a g e< 3 only 31, and was fo uni- verfally refpefted by the Bifhops and Clergy, that Archbifhop Tillitfon , and feveral other Prelates, with a vaft Body of Clergy, the Choir and King’s Scho- lars all in folemn Proceffion attended his Funeral, and joined in the Anthems compofed on this Occa- fio a by the great PurcelL 54, Under and its Curiosities. 135 45. Under Mr. JVhartori s is a Monument eredb- ed to the Memory of Dr. Jofeph JVllcocks formerly Chaplain to the Britijh Factory at Ltfbon , afterwards Preceptor to the Princefies, and Piebendary of this Church; in 1721 confecrated Lord Bifhop of Glou- cefter , in 1731 tranflated to Rochefer^ alfo made Dean of this Church, and of die moft Hen. Or- der of the Bath . He died March 9, 1756, aged 845 and is buried in a Vault, in the Ecclefiaflical Court, with his Wife, Jane^ Daughter of ‘John Milner , Efq; Conful at Ltfbon: She died March 27, 1725, aged 28 ; with Ann their Daughter, who died in her Infancy. 55. THO. S PRATT, D. D. This Monument feems to have been defigned principally for the Sake of the Infcriptions, which are in Latin ; underneath is the Arms of the De- funft, and on the Top his Arms with that of the See of Rochefer , quarterly ; between Enrichments of Books, & c . — The firft Infcription informs you, 44 that Dr. Spratt was the Son of a Clergyman in 44 Dorfetfhire ; that he was educated at Wadham- 44 College , Oxford ; that he firft applied himfelf to 44 Poetry, but quitted that Study to purfue the 44 Beauties of Profe, and polifh the Englijh Lan- 44 guage ; that he was foon made known to George 44 Duke of Buckingham , and by him recommended 44 to King Charles , who made him a Prebendary of 44 Wejlminfter and of Windfor ; from which Prefer- 44 ments, he foon rofe to be Dean of Wejimirjler y 44 and Bifhop of Rochejler ; but at length, for his 44 firm Integrity to the Church and Monarchy, was 44 brought in Danger of his Life; he died in 1713, 64 aged 77.”— The fecond Infcription fhews, 44 that 44 the Remains of Thomas Spratt , A. M. (Son to the ii Bifhop) Archdeacon of Rochejler , and Prebendary N 2 44 of 136 Of We stm i ns ter- Abbey “ of the Churches of Rochejier , Wincheffer , and €C Wejlminjier , lie near thofe of his Father. He died “ May 10, 1720, aged 41.”—' The third Inscription lets us know, 6C that John Friend , M.D. to Shew iC his Refpedt for thofe two worthy Perfonages, had 44 caufed this Monument to be erefted jointly to 44 their Memories.” 56. Sir LUMLEY ROBINSON, Bart. This Monument is neatly defsgned and orna- mented, the Columns are Supported by Death’s Heads, and the Arms upon the Bafe by a Cherub. On the Top is a Vafe, and rifmg to the Pediment, Enrichments of Laurel Branches, £sV. The Inscrip- tion has nothing remarkable. He was of Kentwell - Hall in Suffolk , and by an untimely Death ended his Life, Aug, 6, 1684, aged 36. 57. JOHN FRIEND, M.D. This Gentleman’s Bull ftands on a Pedeftal of fine white veined Marble, and under it a long La- tin Infcription, Setting forth his great and diftin- guidiing Acquirements. He was a Phyfician of the firft Rank for Knowledge and Experience ; and was no lefs SucceSsful in his Practice, than ingenious in his Writings. He was firft educated at Wejlminjier - School , and afterwards at Chrijl-Church College, Ox- ford; where his Learning Soon made him confpi- cuous. On his leaving the Univerfity, and adopt- ing the Profefiion of Phyfic, he was chofen a Mem- ber of the College of Phyficians in London , and Soon after a Fellow of the Royal Society. His Writings are lafting Monuments of his extenfive Genius, which will never decay. He died July 26, 1728. 5 S. WILL. and its Curiosities*, * 3-7 58. WILL. CONGREVE, E% In an Oval Frame is a Half-Length Marble Por- trait of this Gentleman, placed on a Pedeftal of the fineft Egyptian Marble in the whole Church, and enriched with emblematical Figures alluding to the Drama. Underneath is this Infcription in Englijh , greatly to his Honour : “ Mr. William Congreve died Jan . 19, 1728, 44 aged 56, and was buried near this Place. To 44 whofe moft valuable Memory this Monument is 44 fet up by Henrietta Dutchefs of Marlborough , as a 44 Mark how dearly fhe remembers the Happinefs 44 fhe enjoy’d in the fincere Friendfhip of fo worthy 44 and honeft a Man; whofe Virtue, Candour, and 44 Wit, gained him the Love and Efteem of the 44 prefent Age ; and whofe Writings will be the Ad- 44 miration of the future.” 59. The Rt. Hon. JAMES CRAGGS, Efq; Who was made Secretary at War in April 1717, and one of his Majefty’s Privy-Council and Secre- tary of State in March 1718. The Statue of this Gentleman, large as the Life, is finely reprefented on this Monument as leaning on an tJrn, which has upon it in golden Characters, an Infcription {hewing, that he was principal Secre- tary of S tate, and a Man univerfally beloved \ which is there particularly marked, becaufe as he w T as of low Extraction, being only a Shoemaker’s Son, it is the more admirable, that in the high Station to which his Merit had raifed him, he fhould elcape Envy and acquire the general Efteem; He died N 3 Feb. 138 Of Westminster-Abbey Feb. 16, 1720, aged 35. Upon the Bafe of the Monument is this Epitaph, written by Mr. Pope: Statefman, yet Friend to Truth, of Soul fincere. In Action faithful, and in Honour clear ! Who broke no Promife, ferv’d no private End; Who gain’d no Title, and who loft no Friend; Ennobled by himfelf, by all approv’d. Prais’d, wept, and honour’d by the Mufe he lov’d. It is fomewhere remarked, that if the Face and Head of the Statue on this Monument had been more finiftied, the whole had been without Blemifh. 60. Capt. JAMES CORNWALL. This noble Monument, which is thirty-fix Feet high, has a bold Bafe and Pyramid of rich Sicilian Marble. Againft the Pyramid is a Rock, (embel- lifhed with naval Trophies, Sea Weeds, &c.) in which are two Cavities ; in the one is a Latin Epi- taph ; in the other Cavity is a View of the Sea- Fight before Toulon , in BafTo Relievo; on the Fore- ground whereof the Marlborough , of 90 Guns, is feen fiercely engaged with Admiral Navarro' s Ship the Realy of 114 Guns, and her two Seconds, all raking the Marlborough fore and aft. On the Rock ftand two Figures, the one reprefents Britannia un- der the Character of Minerva , accompanied with a Lion; the other Figure is expreffive of Fa?ney who having prefented to Minerva a Medalion of the Hero, fupports it, whilft exhibited to public Viewr The Medalion is accompanied with a Globe, and various honorary Crowns, as due to Valour. Be- hind the Figures is a lofty fpreading Palm-Tree, (whereon is fixed the Hero’s Shield or Coat of Arms) together with a Laurel-Tree ; both which iifue from the naturally barren Rock, as eluding to fome heroic and uncommon Event. This and its Curiosities. 139 This was erected by the Britijh Parliament to the Memory of ’James Cornwall , Captain of his Ma~ jefty’s Ship Marlborough , who, valiantly fighting for his Country, was {lain on board the faid Ship in the Engagement before Toulon between the Royal Fleet of Great Britain and the combin’d Fleets of France and Spain , Feb . 11, 1744* aged 46. He was third Son of Henry Cornwall , of Bredwar- dine Caftle in Herefordjhire , Efq; who died Feb . 22, 1716, aged 63, and is here interred. 61. Sir THO. HARDY, Knt. This Monument is efteemed one of the jufteft in the whole Abbey. Behind is a lofty Pyramid, of abluifh coloured Marble ; at the Bottom of which the Effigy of the Deceafed is reclining upon a Tomb of elegant Workmanftiip, with a naked Boy on hi& left Side weeping over an Urn: The Enrichments round the Pedeftal are juft and proper; and theln- fcription a little Hiftory of the Deceafed’s Life which is here copied : Sir Thomas Hardy, to whofe Memory this Monument is erefted, was bred in the Royal Navy from his Youth, and was made a Captain “ in 1693. In the Expedition to Cadiz , under Sir George Rooke , he commanded the Pembroke ; and when the Fleet left the Coaft of Spain , to return to England , he was ordered to Lagos Bay , where he ^ got Intelligence of the Spanijh Galeons being ar- rived in the Harbour of Vigo> under Convoy of feventeen French Men of War : By his great Di- ligence and Judgment he joined the Englijh Fleet, and gavethe Admiral that Intelligence which en- gaged him to make the beft of his Way to Vigo , “ where 140 Of Westminster-Abbey 44 where all the afore-mentioned Galeons and Men 44 of War were either taken or deftroyed* 44 After the Succefs of that Action, the Admiral 44 fent him with an Account of it to the Queen, 44 who ordered him a confiderable Prefent, and 44 knighted him. 44 Some Years afterwards he was made a Rear- 44 Admiral, and received feveral other Marks of 44 Favour and Efteem from her Majefty, and from 44 her Royal Confort Prince George of Denmark , 44 Lord High-Admiral of England” He died Aug. *6, i 733 > a g ed 66 « 62. JOHN CONDUIT, Efq; The Defign of this Monument is not inferior to that of the laft-mentioned ; and there is fomething in the Manner which fhews them both to be the Workmanfhip of the fame Hand. In the Middle of the Pyramid is a large Medalion ofBrafs, refting on a Cherub below, and fufpended by another at Top. Round the Medal is a Latin Infcription thus Englijhed , John Conduit, Master of the Mint. This Gentleman fucceeded his Relation, the great Sir Ifaac Newton , in that Office, and defired to be buried near him, as appears by a long Latin Infcrip- tion on the Bafe. He died May 23, 1727, aged 49. Catherine his Wife died Jan . 20, 1739, aged 59, and lies interred in the fame Tomb. 63. WILL. HORNECK, Efq; This Monument is finely enriched with Books, Plans, and iniiruments of Fortification, alluding to the Employment of the Deceafed ; who was chief En- and its Curiosities, . 141 * Engineer to the Royal Train; and, as his Xnfcrip- tion informs us, learned the Art of War under the great Duke of Marlborough . He died April 23, 1746, aged 62. 64. Sir GODFREY KNELLER, Knt. and Bart, The Figures on this Monument a*re a Buft of the Deceafed under a Canopy of State, the Curtains whereof are finely gilt and tied up with golden Strings ; and on each Side the Buft is a weeping Cherub, one refting on a framed Fidture, the other holding a Painter’s Pallet and Pencils. On the Fe- deftal is a Latin Infcription, fignifying that Sir Godfrey Kneller, Knt. who lies interred here, was Painter to King Charles II. King James XL King William III. Queen Anne , and King George I. Born in 1646, died 1723, aged 77. He was knighted March 3, 1691, and created a Baronet May 24, 1715. Among his moft excellent Works are the Beauties of the Court of King Charles II. now to be feen at Hampt on-Ccurt, This Monument was defigned by Sir Godfrey himfeJf, but is not much efteemed. Underneath is his Epitaph, written by Mr. Pope : Kneller ! by Heav’n and not a Mafic* taught I WhofeArtwasN ature, and whole Pictures thought^ Now for two Ages having fnatcht from Fate Whatever was beauteous, or whatever was great, Refts crown’d with Princes Honours, Poets Lays, Due to his Merit, and brave Thirft of Praife. Living, great Nature fear’d he might outvie Her Works $ and dying, fears herfelf may die. 65. PENE- t ^.2 Of Westminster-Abbey 65. PENELOPE EGERTON. This Monument of black Marble is remarkable only for the Infcription : The Lady, for whom it was eredted, was Daughter to Robert Lord Needham > Vifcount Killmurry , and Wife to Randolph Egerton , of Betley in Chefdre , an eminent Loyal iff, Major- General of Hoi fe to King Charles I. and Lieutenant- Colonel to King Charles IPs own Troop of Guards. She died in Cnild-bed April 19, 1670. 66. JAMES EGERTON. This is a fmall Table Monument to the Memory of the above Gentleman's Son by his fecond Wife Elizabeth , Daughter to Henry Murray , Efq; one of the Gentlemen of the Bed-chamber to King Charles I. He died April 13, 1687, aged 9 Years. 67. ANNE, Countefs Dowager of Clanrikard. The Efhgy of this Lady refting upon a Tomb is very finely executed, and the Carving upon the Mo- nument, of no ordinary Workmanihip. The In- fcription is as follows : 44 Here lies the Right Honourable Anne , Countefs 44 Dowager of Clanrikard , eldeft Daughter of John 44 Smith , Efq; who is interred near this Place. She 44 married firft Hugh Parker , Efq; eldeft Son of Sir 44 Henry Parker , of Honnington in the County of 44 Warwick , Baronet \ by whom fne had the pre- 44 fent Sir Henry John Parker , Baronet, three other 44 Sons and three Daughters. By her fecond Huf- 44 band Michael Clanrikard , of the Kingdom of Ire- 44 land) the Head of the ancient and noble Family 64 of the Burkes > Ihe had Smith now Earl of Clan- 44 rikard) and its Curiosities. 143 u rickard, and two Daughters, Lady Anne and Lady cc Mary . The abovefaid Countefs "died on the 14th “ of Jan . 1732, in the 49th Year of her Age.” 68. MARTHA PRICE, This Monument is adorned with Feftoons of Fruit, Flowers, and Foliage ; and the Infcription Ihews that Ihe was Wife to Gervafe Price , Efq; who ferved King Charles II. in the double Capacity of Serjeant-Trumpeter, and Gentleman of the Bows. She died April 7, 1678, 2ged 37. 69. JOHN WOODWARD, M. D. This is a moft beautiful Monument, and the Fi- gures molt admirably finiftied. The Head of the Deceafed (w r ho was Profefior of Phyfic in Grejham College) in Profile is very mafterly, and the Lady that holds it inimitable. The Infcription is a Kind of Panegyric upon the great Parts and Learning of the Deceafed, which entitled him to the Diftin&ion he received. He died in May 1728, aged 63. 70. HENEAGE TWISDEN. This Monument is a neat but plain Piece of Ar- chitecture eredted to the Memory of a young Hero, who fell in the Battle of Blair gnies in Hainault , while he was Aid de Camp to John Duke of Argyle , who commanded the right Wing of the Confederate Army. He wasfeventh Son to Sir William Tivifden Bart, and a Youth of the greateft Expectations, had not the Fortune of War put an early Stop to his rifing Merit, in the 29th Year of his Age, 1709. Near this brave Youth’s, are fmall Monuments to the Memory of two of his Brothers, Jofiah and John , Joftah was a Captain at the Siege of Agre- -H4 Of Westminster-Abbey monti near Lijle in Flanders , and (lain by a Cannon- Shot in 1708, aged 23. 5 ^# was a Lieutenant in the Admiral’s Ship under Sir Cloudejly Shovel , and periftied with him 1707, aged 24. 71. Col. JAMES BRING FIELD. This Monument is ornamented with military Trophies, Cherubs, &c. and furrounded by a Mant- ling enclofmg a Tablet on which is written the De- ceafed’s military Preferments, the Manner of hfs Death and Burial ; and the Praifes of his Piety and Virtue ! he was born at Abingdon in Berks , was Equery to Prince George of Denmark , and Aid de Camp to the great Duke of Marlborough , was killed by a Cannon-ball as he was remounting his General on a frefli Horfe at the Battle of RamMies, May 12, 1706, and was interred at Barechem in the Province of Brabant , in the 57th Year of his Age. 72. ROBERT KILLEGREW. This is one of the beft Pieces of Sculpture in the whole Church, and, what is remarkable, is cut out of one Stone. The Embeliifhments are diftindt and very pidlurefque ; and the Infcription modeft and Soldier-like : Robert Killegreiv of Arpuenack in Cornwall , Efq; Son of Thomas and Charlotte ; Page 44 of Honour to King Charles II. Brigadier-General 44 of her Majefty’s Forces, killed in Spain in the 44 Battle of Almanza , April 14, 1707, Mtatis fues 44 47. Mxlitavi annis 24;” that is, He fought for his Country 24 Years. — A brave Conclufion. 73. Mrs. MARY BEAUFOY. This is a very llately Monument. The principal Figure is reprefented in a devout Pofture, with Che- rubs audits Curiosities* rubs crowning her : On each Side are Cupids la- menting the early Decay of Virgin Beauty. And underneath, the Arms of her Family quarterly up- held by Cherubs. The Infcription on the Bafe is very pathetic : cc Reader ! whoever thou art, let the Sight of this Tomb imprint in thy Mind, that Young and Old, without Diftindion, leave this World ; and therefore fail not tofecure the next. 5 * This Lady was only Daughter and Heirefs to Sir Hen- ry Beaufoy of Guyfciijfe near Warwick , by the Hon. Charlotte Lane , deleft Daughter of George Lord Vif- count Lanfborough . She died July 12, 1705. 74. Mrs. JANE STOVE V ILL E. This Lady, who is here represented on a Pedeftal in the ancient Drefs of her Time, appears fay the Infcription to have been Daughter toThomas Stoveville of Brinkley in Cambridgejhire , and Wife firftto Ed- ward Ellis of Chejlerton, and then to Oihowell 'Hill, Do&orof Civil Laws, and Chancellor of the Dio- cefe of Lincoln , whofe Widow fhe died, April 27, 1631, aged 78. 75 . THO. MANSEL, and Vi. MORGAN. This is a double Monument, being two Oval Tables between three wreathed Pillars, neatly orna- mented and inferibed ; the firjl , to the Memory of Thomas Manfel, eldeft Son of Bujfy Manfel , of Brit- ten Ferry , in Glamorganshire, who died Dec. 13, 1684, aged 38. The other , to William Morgan , fecond Son of William Morgan of Tredegar in Monmoutbflnre , who died Feb. x, 1683, aged 19. O 76.EDW. 146 Of Westminster*- Abbey 76, ED W. HERBERT, Efq; Againft a Pillar, on a Tablet of white Marble, is a longlnfcription in Englijh , fetting forth the De- scent of this Gentleman, who is buried in a Coffin of Lead at the Foot of the Pillar to which it is Fixed. He v/as lineally defcended from Sir George Herbert of Swanzey in Glamor ganjbi re ^ firft Sheriff •of that County after the Union of the Principality of Wales , namely in 1542. He died Sept, 18, 1715, aged 23, leaving one Son Thomas , then two Years old. 77. ED W. MANSELL. Near the above is another infcribed to Edvoard Manfell , eldeft Son of Sir Edward Manfell of Mar- gan in Glamor ganflrire^ Bart, who died June 20, 1681, in his 15th Year. 78. ROB. and RICH. CHOLMONDEL'EY. The Latin Infer iption upon this Monument in- forms us, that the fecond and fourth Sons of Robert Vifcount Cholmondeley lie here interred ; Robert was a King's Scholar, and died at 14, Feb, 4, 1678. Richard died June 9, 1680. Both Youths of the rooft promifing Geniufes. 79, Next to Cholmondeley s, is a Monument eredied to the Memory of Richard Mead^ M. D. of an antient Family in the County of Bucks , Phyfician in Or- dinary to his Majefty, Fellow of the Royal College of Phyficians, and of the Royal Society, London ; & great Promoter of the Foundling Hofpital, and well known 'to the World by his learned Writings. He died March 17 5b a £ ed 7 1 * So.' G I L- and its Curiositie s, *47 So, GILBERT THORNBOROUGH, Efq; This final! but neat Monument was eredfed to .the Memory of an honeft Courtier, faithful to his God, his Prince, and his Friends, who died Off. 6* 1677, *' n ^ ne 56th Year of his Age.. Si. JOHN BAKER, Efq; Next to this is a Raffiral Column of curioufly veined Marble, enriched with the Prows of Gal- leys, a Medufd s Plead, and other naval and mili- tary Trophies, with this fhort Epitaph infcribed un- derneath-, cc To the Memory of 'John Baker , Efq;. fifi Vice- Admiral of the White Squadron of the Bri- cc tijh Fleet; who, when he commanded in the C4 diterranean , died at Port- Mahon , AFu, .10, 1716, aged 56. Pie was a brave, judicious, and expe- C£ rienced Officer ; a fmcere Friend, and a true Lo- ver of his Country*. Manet pojl Funera Virtus” 82. HENRY PRIESTMAN. Sufpended by a Knot of Ribbons, fattened to a Pyramid of various coloured Marble, is a fine Me- dal ion, with the Words Henry Priejlman , Ef quire ^ round the Plead. Underneath are naval Trophies and Sea Inftruments moft admirably fculpt ; and upon the Bafe is an Infcription, fhewing that the Perfon to whofe Memory this Monument is eredled, was Commander in Chief of a Squadron of Ships of War in the Reign of King Charles II. a Com- miffioner of the Navy, and one of the Commiffio- ners for executing the Office of Lord High Admiral of England \ in the Reign of King William III. He died Aug . 20, 1712, aged 65, 148 Of Westminster-Abbey 83. PHILIP CARTERET. What muft {trike every one who views thfe Tomb is the fine Figure of Time , {landing on an Altar, and holding a Scroll in his Hand, whereon is written in Saphic Verfe, Lines to the following Import ; which he is fuppofed to be repeating* * Time fpeaks, Why flows the mournful Mufe-s Tear, For thee ! cut down in Life’s full Prime ? Why fighs, for thee, the Parent dear ! Cropt by the Scythe of hoary Time ? , Lo ! this my Boy’s the common Lot ! — T o me thy Memory entruft ; When all that’s dear mall be forgot, I’ll guard thy venerable Duft. From Age to Age, as I proclaim Thy Learning, Piety, and Truth 3 Thy great Example {hall enflame, And Emulation raife in Youth* Over all is the Buft of the noble Youth here al- luded to, who was Son to Lord George Carteret , and died a King’s Scholar at Wejimtnjler , ripe for the Univerfity, March 19, 1710, aged 19. This Monument was repaired a few Tears fince at the Charge of John Earl of Granville, Baron Carteret of Hawns in Bedfordiliire, S4* EDWARD de CARTERET* This neat Monument is ornamented with Che- rubs, and with Feftoons of Leaves and Fruit finely imboffed : and its Curiosities. 149 imboffed ; And was erected to the Child whofe Name is infcribed upon it, who died in the 8th Year of his Age, Off. 30, 1677. He was Son to Sir Edward de Carteret , Gentleman Ufher to King Charles XL 85. THO. LEVXNGSTON, Vi/count Teviot. % The Top of this Monument is decorated with the Arms, Supporters, and Creft of this Nobleman*,, and with military Trophies alluding to his Profef- fion of a Soldier. On the Face of the Monument is a long Latin Infcription, fhey/ing that he was bom in Holland , but defcended from the Levingjions in Scotland 1 that from his Childhood, he. was train'd to Arms ; that he attended the Prince of Orange into- Britain , as a Colonel of Foot; that he rofe to the Rank of a Lieutenant-Genpral in the Army, and General of the Scotch Forces, was made Matter of the Ordnance and a Privy-Counfellor ; that he fe- cured Scotland to the King, by one decifive ACtiou on the Spey 9 for which he was advanced to the Dig- nity of Vifcount 1 and that he died Jan . 14, 1710^ aged 6:0. 86. ROBERT Lord Constable. This Monument is a handfome Piece of Archi- tecture ornamented with a Cherub below, and the f amily Arms and Creft on the Top. On The Face of the Monument is this Infcription : Near this 64 lies the Right Hon. Robert Lord ConJtabU , Vifcount Dunbar , who departed this Life, Nov . 23, 1714, in the 64th Year of his Age. Alfo his fecond Wife, the Right Hon. Dorothy Brudenely Ccum- tefs of Wejhnor eland y who departed this Life Jan. u 26, 1739, aged 91.” ' O 3 * 5 ° Of WesTMINSTER-AbBE Y 87. Dr. PETER HEYLIR This is a plain but neat Monument; on the Top of which is a Pediment, and the Arms of Hey- cm fculpt; on the Bafe the fame Arms with that of his Lady, quarterly. On the Face of the Monu- ment is a long Latin Infcription greatly to his Praife : He was born at Burford in Oxfordjhire, Nov. 29, 1599; educated at Hart- Hail, Oxony was Fellow of Magdalen , and recommended to Laud when Bifhop of Bath and Wells : He was firff, Chaplain to the Earl of Danhy , then to the King* In 1631 he was made Prebendary of Wejiminjler , to the great Morti- fication of Dean Williams, and had the rich Par- fonage of Houghton in the Spring, Durham , conferred upon him. He was afterwards Redtor of South Warnhorough in Hants , and a Juftice of Peace for that County. In 1642 he was Clerk to the Convo- cation, and profecuted by Williams , Prynne , and others, who forced him to retire to Oxford , where he wrote Mercurius Aulicus . In 1643 he was fequef- tered by Parliament, his valuable Library fold, and he forced to fly for fear of lharing the fame Fate with his Patron Laud . Being betrayed at Winch ejler , he efcaped in Difguife, and turned Farmer at Minf- ter Lovel, Oxfordjhire, where he wrote his Geogra- phy. Upon the Reftoration he was reinftated, in his former Preferments, but never rofe higher than Sub- dean of this Church. He was remarkable for his Strength of Memory, folid Judgment, and great Elocution; but being of a fiery Temper and un- daunted Courage, he was equally hated by Papifts and Puritans. He died May 8, 1062, aged 63. 88; CHARLES WILLIAMS, Efq; The Scroll-Work and Scolloping of this Monu- ment is fomewhat remarkable; and the Device of flip- and its Curiosities. fupporting it by a Death’s Head on the Wings of Time., is not improper. The Infcription tells us that the Deceafed was of Caerleon in Monmouthjhire ? a ftrenuous Defender of the Church and public Li- berty, and a good and generous Man. He died Aug. 29, 1720, aged 87. Near this Monument, in one Grave in the middle Ifle, are depofited the Remains of S ir EdmundPrideaux? of Netherton in the County of Devon ? Bart, and Dame Ann his Wife. He departed this Life Feb. 26, 1728, in the 55th Year of his Age; and fhe the 10th of May 1741, aged 55 Years. Sir Edmund married firft Mary Daughter of Samuel Rcynardfon 1? Efq; by whom he had Ififue Mary ? married to "James JVin- Jlanley , Efq; afterwards he married the above men- tioned Ann , Daughter of Philip Hawkins ? of Pen- nans in the County of Cornwall ? Gent. They had Iffue, one Son named Peter , who died in his In- fancy, and one Daughter Ann , married to John Pendarves Buffet? of Tehiddy in the County of Corn- wall ? Efq; who, furviving her Father ana Mother, ereCted this Monument out of a due filial and affectionate Regard to the Memory of both of them. 90. RICHARD Le NEVE, Efq? On the Top of a very heavy Defign is placed the Arms of this Gentleman, adorned v/ith Inftruments of War. The Englijh Infcription informs us, that being made Commander of his Majefty’s Ship the Edgar ? he was unfortunately killed in the 28th Year of his Age? in that fharp Engagement with the Hol- landers on the nth of Aug . 1673. 91. Sacred f $% Of We stm iks ter- Abbey gi. Sacred to the Memory of TEMPLE WEST, Efq; Who dedicated himfelf from his earlieft Youth to the Naval Service of his Country ; rofe with Merit and Reputation to the Rank of Vice-Admiral of the White. Sagacious, aflive, induftrious ; he was a fkillful Seaman; cool, intrepid, and jefolute; he approved himfelf a gallant Officer. In the fig- nal Victory obtained over the French , May 3,.. 1,747, he was Captain of the Ship which carried Sir Peter Warren \ and acquired peculiar Honour* even on that Day of general. Glory. In the lefs fuc- cefsful Engagement near Minorca ,, May 20, 17563 wherein, as Rear-Admiral, he commanded the fe~ cond Divifion, his diftinguifiied Courage, and anf* mating Example, were admired by the whole Bri~ tift) Squadron ; confeffed by that of France ; and arnidft the national Difcontent which followed, re- warded as he deferved by the warmeft Applaufes of his Country, and the jufl Approbation of his So- vereign. On the 17th of November following he was appointed one of the Lords Commiflioners of the Admiralty. He adorned his Station by a Me- defty which concealed from him his own Merit; and a Candor which difpofed hint to reward tha^of others. With the fe public Talents he poffefTed the milder Graces of domeftic Life : To the frank and generous Spirit of an Officer, he added the Eafe and Politenefs of a Gentleman ; and with the mo- ral and focial Virtues of a good Man, he exercifed the Duties of a Chriftian. A Life, fo honourable to himfelf, fo dear to his Friends fo ufeful to his Country, was ended at the Age of 43, A . D. 1757. To preferve to Pofterity his Fame and his Example, this Monument was ereffed by the Daughter of the brave unfortunate Balcben y the Wife of Temple Weji y A, D, 1761, 92. WIU and its Curiosities *53 92. WILLIAM CROFT. On the Pedeftai of this Monument in Bafs Relief is an Organ, and on the Top a handfome Bull of the Deceafed, who was a Doctor in Mufic, Mailer of the Children and Organill and Compofer of the Chapel Royal, and Organill of JVeJhninJler- Abbey ; an admirable Compofer of Mufic. He died Aug . 14, 1727, aged 50. 93. JOHN BLOW, Doctor in Mufic . Under this Tomb is a Canon in four Parts, fet to Mufic; with Enrichments, Cherubs and Flowers. In the Centre is an Englijh Infcription, by which it ap- pears he was Organill, Compofer, and Mailer of the Children in the Chapel Royal 25 Years; and Organill to this Abbey 15 Years. That he was Scholar to Dr. Chrijiopber Gibbons ; and Mailer to the famous Mr. Purcell ; and to moll of the eminent Mailers of his Time. He died Q 5 L 1, 1708, in his 60th Year. His own Mulical Compofitions u (efpecially his Church Mufic) are a far nobler cc Monument to his Memory, than any other can ^ be railed to him.” 94. Sacred to the Memory of PHILIP DE SAUMAREZ, Efq; One of the few, whofe Lives ought rather to be meafured by their Adrians than their Days. From 16 to 37 Years of Age he ferved in the Navy, and was often furrounded with Dangers and Difficulties unparallelled, always approving himfelf an able, adlive, and gallant Officer. He went out a Lieute- nant on board his Majelly’s Ship the Centurion , un- der the aufpicious Conduct of Commodore Anfon in 154 Of Westmxnster-Abbey his Expedition to the South Seas: He was command- ing Officer of the faid Ship when fhe was driven from her Moorings at the Tile of Tinian , In the Year 1746 being Captain of the Nottingham , a 60 Gun Ship, he (then alone) attacked and took the Mars , a French Ship of 64 Guns. In the fir ft En- gagement of the following Year, when Admiral Arfon defeated and took a Squadron of French Men of War and Indiamen, he had an honourable Share 5 and in the fecond under Admiral Hawke , when the Enemy, after a long and obftinate Kefiftance, was again routed; in purfuing two Ships that were mak- ing their Efcape, he glorioufly but unfortunately fell. He was the Son of Matthew de Saumarez , of the Xfiand of Gucrnfey , Efq; by Ann Durell of the Ilian d of Jerfey , his Wife. He was born Nov. 17, 17105 killed Oil. 14, 1747, and buried in the Old Church at Plymouth , with all the Honours due to his diftln- guifhed Merit. This Monument is eredled out o£ Gratitude and Affe&ion by his Brothers and Sifters*. 95. Dr. BOULTER, Biftiop of Armagh. This Monument, which ftands where formerly flood the Monument of Dr. William fohnfon , Chap-, lain in Ordinary to King Charles II. is of the fineft Marble, and of a new-invented Polifli. The Buft of this admired Bifhop is very natural; his long flowing Hair and folemn Gracefulnefs excite a Kind of venerential Refpedi: in an attentive Behol- der. The Enfigns of his Dignity, wherewith the Monument is ornamented, are molt exquifitely fine, and every Part about it difcovers a mafterly Genius in the Sculptor. The Infcription is inclofed in a beautiful Border of Porphyry, and is as fol- lows : 4 5 Dr. Hugh Boulter , late Archbilhop of Ar- magh^ Primate of all Ireland ; a Prelate fo eminent for the Accompliftinients of his Mind, the Purity of and its Curiosities. 155 his Heart, and the Excellence of his Life, that it may be thought fuperfluous to fpecify his Titles, recount his Virtues, or even eredt a Monument to his Fame, His Titles he not only deferved, but adorned 5 his Virtues are manifeft in his good Works, which had never dazzled the public Eye, if they had not been too bright to be concealed ; and as to his Fame, whofoever has any Senfe of Merit, any Reverence for Piety, any Paffion for his Country, or any Charity for Mankind, will affift in preferring it fair and fpotlefs, that when Brafs and Marble fhall mix with the Duft they cover, every fucceeding Age may have the Benefit of his illuftrious Example. He was born Jan. 4, 1671 ; was' con fee rated Bifliop of Brijiol^ 1718; tranflated to the Archbifnoprick of Armagh , 17235 and from thence to Heaven, Sept. 27, 1742.” 96. SAM. BRADFORD, S.T.P. This is a plain Table Monument eredted to the Memory of Bifliop Bradford , with a long Latin In- feription, fcarce legible, and furrounded with the Arms and proper Enfigns of his feveral Dignities : He was Tome Time Rector of St. Mary le Bow ; and from thence advanced to the See of Carlife , and afterwards tranflated to that of Rochejier , with the Deanery of this Church, and that of the honour- able Order of the Bath , annexed. He died May 14* 1731, in the 79th Year of his Age. 97 . RICHARD KANE. On this Tomb is a curious Buft of this Gentle- man of white Marble upon a handfome Pedeftal, whereon is inferibed the moft ftriking Paffages of his Life. He was born at Down in Ireland , Dec. 20, 1661, 256 Of Westminster-Abbey 7661. In 1689 appeared in a military Ca- pacity, at the memorable Siege of Derry ; and after the Reduction of Ireland , followed King William into Flanders , where he diilinguiihed himfelf, par- ticularly by his intrepid Behaviour at the Siege of Namur r, where he was grievotlfly wounded T In 1702 he bore a Commiffion in the Service of Queen Anne^ and affifted in the Expedition to Canada ; from whence he again returned into Flanders , and fought under the Duke of Argyls and Greenwich , and after- words under Lord Carpenter . In 1712 he was made Sub-Governor of Minorca , through which Ifland he caufed a Road to be made, which had been thought impracticable. In 1720, he was ordered by King George I. to the Defence of Gibraltar , where he fuftained an eight Months Siege againft the Spani - ards , when all Hope of Relief was extinguifhed. For which gallant Service he was afterwards by King George II. rewarded with the Government of Minorca , where he died December 19, 1736, and was buried in the Caftle of St. Philip. 98. PERCEY KIRK, Efq; On each Side of a fine Bull of this Gentleman is a winged Seraph; one having a Dagger in his Right Hand inverted, and on his Left a Helmet; the other refting on a Ball, and holding in his Left Hand a Torch reverfed : The Inscription fays, he was Lieu- tenant-General of his Majefly’s Armies, that he died Jan . 1, 1741, aged 57 ; and that he was Son to Percey Kirk , Efq; Lieutenant-General in the Reign of King James II. by the Lady Mary , Daughter to George Howard , Earl of Suffolk. Diana Dormer , his Niece and foie Heirefs, died Feb. 22, 1743, aged 32. 99. Lord mdlts Curiosities, 157 99. Lord AUBREY BEAUCLERK. This Monument is ornamented wjth Arms, Tro- phies, and Naval Enfigns, and in an oval Niche on a Pyramid of Dove-coloured Marble, is a beautiful Ruft of this young Nobleman : On the Pedeftal is this hiftorical Infcription : cc The Lord Aubrey Beau- clerk , was the youngeft Son of Charles Duke of St. Alban' r, by Diana Daughter of Aubrey de Vere^ Earl of Oxford. He went early to Sea, and was made a Commander in 1731. In 1740, he was fent upon that memorable Expedition to Carthagena , under the Command of Admiral Vernon , in his Majefty ? s Ship the Prince Frederic , which with three others was or- dered to cannonade the Caftle of Bocca Chica. One of thefe being obliged to quit her Station, the Prince Frederic was expofed not only to the Fire from the Caftle, but to that of Fort St. fiofepb , and to two Ships that guarded the Mouth of the Harbour, which he fuftained for many Hours that Day, and Part of the next, with uncommon Intrepidity. As he was giving his Command upon Deck, both his Legs were ftiot off; but fuch was his Magnanimity, that he would not fufter his Wounds to be drefs'd, till he had communicated his Orders to the firft Lieutenant, which were, To fight his Ship to the lojl Extremity. Soon after this he gave feme Directions about his private Affairs, and then refigned his Soul with the Dignity of a Hero and a Chriftian. Thus was he taken off in the 31ft Year of his Ages, an illuftrious Commander of Superior Fortitude and Clemency, amiable in his Perfon, fteady in his AffeCtions, and equalled by few in the focial and domeftic Virtues of Politenefs, Modefty, Candour, and Benevolence* He married the Widow of Col. Francis Alexander , a Daughter of Sir Henry Neiuton, Knt. Envoy Ex- P traordinary 158 Of Westminster-Abbey traordinary to the Court of Florence and the Repub- lic of Genoa , and Judge of the High Court of Ad- miralty/ 5 His Epitaph over the Infcription : Whilft Britain boafts her Empire o’er the Deep, This Marble {hall compel the Brave to weep 3 As Men, as Britons , and as Soldiers mourn, 5 Ids daunt! efs, loyal, virtuous Beauclerk's Urn. Sweet were his Manners, as his Soul was great. And ripe his Worth, tho’ immature his Fate \ Each tender Grace that Joy and Love infpires. Living, he mingled with his martial Fires ; Dying, he bid Britannia's Thunder roar ; And Spain He ill felt him, when he breath’d no more. 100, Sir JOHN BALCHEN, Knt. On this beautiful Monument, in Relief, is the Reprefentation of a Ship perilhing in a Storm, and over it in the fineft white Marble, a Bull of this great Admiral. The Enrichments, Arms, and Tro- phies are moll admirably wrought ; but in faftening the Cable to the Anchor, the Artificer has {hewed himfelf no Mariner. The Infcription, which, like the former, is hiftorical, is here inferted — -“ To the Memory of Sir John Balchen , Knt. Admiral of the White Squadron of his Majefty’s Fleet in 1744, being fent out Commander in Chief of the com- bined Fleets of England and Holland , to cruife on the Enemy, was on his Return home in his Majefty’s Ship the Victory, loft in the Channel by a vio- lent Storm, from which fad Circumftance of his Death we may learn, that neither thegreateft Skill, Judgment, or Experience, joined to the moil firm unfhaken Refolution, can refill the Fury of the Winds and its Curiosities. 159 Winds and Waves ; and we are taught from the Paflages of his Life, which were filled with great and gallant Actions, but ever accompanied with ad- verfe Gales of Fortune, that the brave, the worthy, and the good Man meets not always his Reward in this World. Fifty-eight Years of faithful and pain- ful Services he had pafled, when being juft retired to the Government of Greenwich Hofpital to wear out the Remainder of his Days, he was once more, and for the laft Time, called out by his King and Country, whofe Intereft he ever preferred to his own, and his unwearied Zeal for their Service end- ed only in his Death ; which weighty Misfortune to his aiftidted Family became heightened by many aggravating Circumftances attending it, yet amid.it their Grief had they the mournful Confolation to find his gracious and royal Matter mixing his Con- cern with the genera! Lamentations of the Public, for the calamitous Fate of fo zealous, fo valiant, and fo able a Commander ; and as a lading Memo- rial of the fincere Love and' Efteem borne by his Widow, to a moft affectionate and worthy Huf- band, this honourary Monument was oredted by her. He was born Feb. 2, 1669, married Sufannah Daughter of Col. Apreece of Wajhingly in the County of Huntingdon . Died OSf. 7, 1744, leaving one Son and one Daughter, the former of whom, George Balcben , furvived him but a fhort Time; for being fent to the IVeJl-Indies in 1 745, Commander of his Majefty’s Ship the Pembroke , he died in Barbadoes in December the fame Year, aged 28, having walked in the Steps, and imitated the Virtue and Bravery of his good but unfortunate Father.” When the Victory was loft fhe had on board near 1000 Souls, 100 of whom were Gentlemen Volun- teers, P 2 IOZ . i6o Of Westminster-Abbey io i. General GUEST. On a Bafe and Pyramid of moft beautiful Egyptian Porphyry is the fineft Enrichments and Bull of ex- quifitely white Marble that are to be feen in the whole Church. It were an Injufticeto the excellent Artificer to attempt a Defcription of this Monu- ment, as nothing but a fine Imagination is capable of conceiving how highly it is finiihed : The Infcrip- tion is fhort, but manly : Sacred to thofe Vir- i 4 tues that adorn a Chriftian and a Soldier, this 44 Marble perpetuates the Memory of Lieutenanfc- 44 General Jofhua Gueji \ who clofed a Service of 44 60 Years, by faithfully defending Edinburgh Cajile 44 againft the Rebels, 1745.” 102 CLEMENT SAUNDERS, Efqj- On a Pillar near the Font is a fmall Monument erected to the Memory of Cle?nent Saunders ^ Efq; Carver in ordinary to King Charles II. King fames II. and King William III. Son of Sir William Saun - dersy Knt. of the County of Northampton. He died Augujl 10, 1695, aged 84. 103. Sir WILLIAM SANDERSON, Knt. Againft the fame Wall on a fmall Table of Ala- hafter, is a Buft of this Gentleman and an Inscrip- tion in Latin likewife, fhewing, that he was of the Bed-chamber to King Charles I. and wrote the Lives of Mary Queen of Scots ^ fames and Charles I. that he fuftained great Hardfliips from the Tyranny of the Rebels ; but that having bravely furmounted all Difficulties, he lived to the Age of 90, and died July 15, 1676, and its Curiosities, i6t This Monument formerly food in the Place where now fands that of Sir Charles Wager : On moving of this Monument to the adjoining Pillar , it was repaired , new lettered , and beautified . 104. Sir CH A. WAGER, On this elegant Monument the principal Figure is that of Fame holding a Portrait of the Deceafed in Relief, which is fupported by an Infant Hercu- les. The Enrichments are Naval Trophies, In- ftruments of War and Navigation, &c. and on the Bafe in Relief is the Reprefentation of the deftroy- ing and taking of the Spanifi) Galeons in 1708. The Infcription is lineally copied : To the Memory of Sir Charles Wager, Knt, Admiral of the White, firft Cammifiioner of the Admiralty, and Privy-Counfell or : A Man of great natural Talents, Who bore the higheft Commands, And palled through the greateft Employments with Credit to himfelf, and Honour to his Country, He was in private Life Humane, temperate, juft, and bountiful : In public Station, Valiant, prudent, wife, and honeft 5 Eafy of Accefs to all ; Plain and unaffecfted in his Manners, Steady and refolute in his Conduct : So remarkably happy in his Prefence of Mind, that no Danger ever difcompofed him } Efteemed and favoured by his King ; Beloved and honoured by his Country* He died: 24 May 1743/ Aged 77. P 3 105. THO m I&2 Of Westminster-Abbey 105. THOMAS BLAGG, Efq; Again!! the Wall on a plain Table of black Mar- ble, is a Latin Infcription to the Praife of this Gen- tleman, who was Governor of Wallingford Caftle, that held out the longeft for King Charles I. nor did he furrender it up at laft but by the King’s exprefs Order. He was often taken Prifoner during the Civil Wars, and always fhewed a notable Example of obftinate Fidelity, but at length forced to fly his Country, and fuffered much in his Exile. At the Reftoration he was made Colonel of a Troop of Horfe, Governor of Tar mouth and Landgrave Forts , and flood fair for further Preferments when he died, Nov. 4, 1660, aged 73. ' xod. JOHN HOLLIS, Duke of Newcaflle* This Monument is, perhaps, the loftieft and moft magnificent, as well as the moft eoftly, of any in the whole Abbey ; yet the Admiration it has at- tracted, has not been equal to the Profufion of Ex- pence beftowed upon it. The Beauty of it confifts chiefly in the Defign, and as thofe who are igno- ; xant of Architecture, can have no Relifh for Things beyond their Knowledge, it has happened that what was intended to draw all Men’s Eyes upon it, has been negleCted almoff as foon as railed. The prin- cipal Figure refts upon a Sepulchral Monument of darkifli-colour’d Marble, and reprefents the noble Perfon to whofe Memory this ftately Maufoleum was eredted, having in his right Hand a General’s Staff, and in his left a ducal Coronet. On one Side the Bafe ftands a Statue of Wifdom , on the other, of Sincerity . On the Angles of the upper Compartment fit Angels in no very meaning Atti- tude 1 and its Curiosities. 163 tilde ; and on the afcending Sides of the Pediment fit Cherubs, one with an Hour-glafs, alluding to the Admeafurement of Man’s Life by Grains of Sand - r the other pointing upwards, where Life ftiall be no longer meafured by Duration, On the Safe of the Monument is this Infcription : 44 "John Hollis Duke of Newcastle , Marquis and Earl of Clare , Baron Houghton of Houghton , and Knight Companion of the moft noble Order of the Garter , whofe Body is here depofited under the fame Roof with many of his noble Anceftors and Relations, of the Families of Verey Cavendijh , and Hollis , whofe eminent Vir- tues he inherited ; and was particularly diftinguifhed for his Courage, Love to his Country, and Conftan- cy in Friendfhip; which Qualities he exerted wkh great Zeal and Readinefs, whenever the Caufe of Religion, his Country, or Friends required him.— In the Reign of Queen Anne^ he filled, with great Capacity and Honour, the feveral Employments of Lord Keeper of the Privy-Seal and Privy- Coun- fellor, Lord-Lieutenant and Cuflos Rotulorum of Middlefex and Nottingham , and of the County and the Town of Nottingham , and of the Eaft and North Ridings in the County of York ; Lord Chief Juftice in Eyre North of Trent , and Governor of the Town and Fort of King Jl on upon Hull : To all which Titles and Honours, his perfonal Merit gave a Luftre that needed not the Addition of the great Wealth he poffeiled. He was born Jan. 9, 1661-2, and died July 15, 171 1, He married the Lady Marga- ret y third Daughter and Heirefs to Henry Cavendijh Duke of Newcaflie , by whom he left Iflue one only Child, the Lady Henrietta Cavendijh Hollis Harley , who caufed this Memorial of him to beeredled in W3.'” toy. W il 164 Of Westminster-Abeey 107. Wil. Cavendish, Duke of Newcaftle, This Monument is likewife a ftately Piece of Architecture, and handfomely ornamented. Under a rich Canopy of State, lie in a cumbent Pofture, on a double Matt, cc the loyal Duke of Newcajile (as the Infcription beneath Jets forth ) and his Dutchefs, his fecond Wife, by whom he had no IfTue •, her Name was Margaret Lucas , youngeft Sifter to Lord Lucas of Colchejler , a noble Family ; for all the Brothers were valiant, and all the Sifters virtuous. This Dutchefs was a w T ife, witty, and learned Lady, which her many Books do well teftify : She was a moft virtuous and a loving and careful Wife, and was with her Lord all the Time of his Baniftiment and Miferies *, and when he came home, never part- ed from him in his folitary Retirements.” — So far the Englifti Infcription : The Latin (hews farther, that he was a Knight of the Bath , and Baron Ogle in Right of his Mother, Vifcount Mansfield , and Baron Cavendijh of Bolefover , Earl of Ogle , Earl, Marquis and Duke of Newcajile upon Tyne , Lord-Lieutenant of the Counties' of Nottingham and Northumberland , fir ft Lord of the Bed-chamber to the King, Guar- dian to Prince Charles , Privy-Counfellor to the King, and Knight of the moft noble Order of the Garter ; that for his Fidelity to the King he was made Captain-General of the Forces railed for his Service in the North, fought many Battles, and ge- nerally came off victorious ; that when the Rebels prevailed (being one of the firft defigned a Sacri- fice) he left his Eftate, and endured a long Exile, by his firft Wife Elizabeth , Daughter and Heir to William Bajfet of Staff or djhire , Efq; he had two Sons and three Daughters \ Charles , who died with- out Iffue, and Henry , Heir to his Honours 5 fane mar- and Its Curiosities. 165 married to Charles Cheyney of Chejham , Bucks ; Eli- zabeth to John Earl of Bridgewdter ; and Frances to Oliver Earl of Bolingbroke* He diedD^r, 27, 1676. in his 84th Year. 108. GRACE SCOTT. Affixed to the adjoining Pillar is a neat Tablet, on which is this Infcription: “Grace eldeft Daugh- ter of Sir Thomas Mauleverer , of Allert on Mauleverer^ in Yorkshire , Bart, bom 1622, married unto Colonel Scotty a Member of the Hon. Houfe of Commons* 1644, and died 24, 1645. He that will give my Grace to what is hers y Mujl fay her Death has not Made only her dear Scott But Virtue , Worthy and Sweeinefs , Widowers „ 109. Sacred to the Memory of Sir Piter Warren, Knight of the Bath , Vice-Admiral of the Red Squadron of the Britijh Fleet, and Member of Parliament For the City and Liberty of Wcjlminjler . He derived his Defcent from an ancient Family of Ireland: His Fame and Honours from his Virtues and Abilities. How eminently thofe were difplayed, With what Vigilance and Spirit they were exerted In the various Services wherein he had the Honour to command, And the Happinefs to conquer. Will 1,66 Of Westminster-Abbey be more properly recorded in the Annals of Great Britain. On this Tablet Affeftion with Truth muft fay. That defervedly efteem’d in private Life, And univerfally renowned for his publick i Conduct, The judicious and gallant Officer Pofleffed of all the amiable Qualities of the Friend, The Gentleman, and the Chriftian : But the Almighty, Whom alone he feared, and whofe gracious Protection he had often experienced, Was pleafcd to remove him from a Place of Honour To an Eternity of Happinefs, On the 29th Day of July^ 1752, In the 49th Year of his Age. no. Sir GILBERT LORT. This ftately Monument is chiefly ornamented with Cherubs and Family Arms, and is infcrbed to the Memory of Sir Gilbert Lort of Stackpole in P cm - brokejlnre , Bart, by his Sifter Dame Elizabeth Camp- bell^ Relict of Sir Alexander Campbell , of Calder in Scotland , Bart. — Sir Gilbert died Sept. 19, 1698, in his 28th Year. She died Sept . 28, 1714? in her 49th Year* and lies likewife interred near this Place. hi. Dame MARY JAMES. This is a very neat Monument, being an Urn wreathed and crown’d with a Vifcount’s Coronet on a handfome Pedeftal j by the Infcription it appears, that and its Curiosities* %6j that this Lady was Wife to Sir John James , of the ancient Family of the Lords of Hojlrick in Holland^ and Daughter to Sir Robert Killegrew, Vice-Cham- berlain to Alary Queen to King Charles I. She died Nov . 6, 1677. 112. Sir THOMAS HESKET. Turning to the Right, and againft the Screen of the Choir is a fine old Monument, whereon lies the Effigy of a Gentleman at full Length in a tuft- ed Gown, and underneath upon the Rafe a Lady kneeling. By the Infcription thefe appear to repre- fent Sir Thomas Hefket , Attorney of the Court of Wards and Liveries in Queen Elizabeth* s Time; and Julian his Wife, who caufed this Monument to be eredted. He died Oft. 15, 1605. X13. Hugh Chamberlain, M.D. & F.R.S* The principal Figure on this Monument lies, a$ it were, at Eafe, upon a Tomb-ftone, leaning upon his Right Arm, with his Hand upon his Night-cap, and his Head uncovered. In his Left Hand he holds a Book, indicating thereby his intenfe Appli- cation to Study. On each Side are the Emblems of Phyfic and Longevity ; and over his Head is Fame defcending with a Trumpet in one Hand, and in the other a Wreath. On the Top are weeping Cherubs, and on the Pedeftal a long In- fcription in Latin , fetting forth his vaft Knowledge and Induftry in his Profeffion, his Humanity in relieving the Sick, and his Connections and Affini- ties in facial and private Life. This Gentleman was famous for the Improvements he made in Mid- wifery, the Praftice of which, fince his Time, has been ftudied to great Advantage. He died June 17, 1728, aged 64. 114. HEN- *68 Of Westminster-Abbey 1x4. HENRY PURCELL, Efq; This is a fmall but elegant Piece of Workman** Clip, and not unworthy the great Name to whofe Memory it was erected. “ Here lies Henry Pur- 44 cell, who left this Life, and is gone to that bieffed Place, where only his Harmony can be exceeded.” A fliort but comprehenftve Epitaph, fully expreffing his great Merit. He died Nov. 21, 1695, in his 37th Year. X15. Almericue be Courcy, JBajron 'of Kinfale* His Lordftiip is here reprefented in full Propor- tion, repofing himfelf after the Fatigues of an ac- tive Life, under a rich Canopy finely ornamented and gilt. He was defcended, as his Infcription Chews, from the famous John de Courcy , Earl of XJlfter , (who in the Reign of King John 9 in Confi- deration of his great Valour, obtained that extra- ordinary Privilege to him and his Heirs, of being covered before the King) and of whom we have al- ready fpoken largely in. our Defcription of the Tower. This Nobleman was greatly in Favour with King Charles II. King fames II. and commanded a Troop of Horfe under the latter. He died Feb . 9, 1719, aged 57. 116. Sir THOMAS DUPPA. This Monument is prettily ornamented with Flowers and Foliage, and on the Top of with Urn wreathed. The Infcription fhews that Sir Tho?nas in his Youth waited upon King Charles II. when he was Prince of Wales , and under the Tuition of Dr. Duppa , of whom we have already given an Account. He was afterwards made Gentleman- U flier and its Curiosities. 169 Ulher and Daily-waiter, and thenGentleman-Ufber of the Black Rod, in which Office he died April 25, 1694, aged 75. 117. DameELIZ. CARTERET. The Figure of this Lady, on her Monument, has been much admired ; but that of the winged Seraph, defcending to receive her, more* She was Daughter of Sir Edward Carteret , Knt. Gentle- man-Ufher of the Black Rod to King Charles , and fecond Wife and Relift of Sir Philip de Carteret , and by him Mother to Sir Charles Carteret , her only Son, by whofe Death was extinguilhed the eldeii Branch of the ancient Family of the Name of Car- teret, Signeurs of St, Owen y in the Me of Jerfep She died March 26, 1717, aged 52. 118. Sir ISAAC NEWTON. This is a grand and expreffive Monument, every Way worthy the great Man to whofe Memory it was erefted, who is fculptured recumbent, leaning his right Arm on four Folio’s, thus titled. Divini- ty, Chronology, Opticks, and Phil : Prin : Math : and pointing to a Scroll fupported by winged Cherubs : Over him is a large Globe, pro- jecting from a Pyramid behind, whereon is deli- neated the Courfe of the Comet in 1680, with the Signs, Conftellations and Planets. On this Globe fits the Figure of Ajlronomy , with her Book clofed, and in a very thoughtful, compofed, and penfive Mood. Underneath the principal Figure is a moft curious Bafs Relief, reprefenting the various La- bours in which Sir Ifaac chiefly employed his Time : Such as difcovering the Caufe of Gravitation, fet- tling the Principles of Light and Colours, and re- ducing the Coinage to a determined Standard. The i jo Of Westminster-Abbey Device of weighing the Sun by the Steelyard, has been thought at once bold and ftriking, and indeed the whole Monument does Honour to the Sculptor. The Infcription on the Pedeftal is in Latin , fhort, but full of Meaning, intimating, that by a Spirit nearly divine, he folved on Principles of his own, the Motion and Figure of the Planets, the Paths of the Comets, and the Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea ; that he difcovered the Diffimilarity of the Rays of Light, and the Properties of Colours from thence arifing, which none but himfelf had ever dreamt of ; that he w r as a diligent, wife, and faith- ful Interpreter of Nature, Antiquity, and the Holy Scriptures ; that by his Philofophy he maintained the Dignity of the Supreme Being ; and by the Pu- rity of his Life, tire Simplicity of the Gofpel : The Infcription concludes with a beautiful Exclamation, What Reafon Mortals had to pride themfelves in the Exiftence of fuch and fo great an Ornament to the human Race !— He was born Dec, 25, 1642, and died in 1726* I iq. JAMES Earl Stanhope * This is another lofty and magnificent Monu- ment, in which likewife the principal Figure leans upon his Arm in a cumbent Polture, holding in his right Hand a General’s Staff, and in his left a Parchment Scroll. A Cupid ftands before him rett- ing himfelf upon a Shield. Over a martial Tent fits a beautiful Pallas , holding in her right Hand a Javelin, and in the other a Scroll. Behind is a Sender Pyramid, anfwering to that of Sir Ifaac New - > ton s , and indeed there is a Samenefs in the Defign, fufficient to indicate both to be the Workmanship of the fame Matter. On the Middle of the Pedeftal are two Medals, and on each Side the Pilafters one ; under the principal Figure is a Latin Infcription, letting and its Curiosities. j ji fetting forth the Merits of this great Man as a Soldier, a Statefman, and a Senator: In 1707 he concluded an advantageous Treaty with Spain ; and the fame Year was fent Ambafiador to Charles III. In 1708 he took Port- Mahon, In 1710 he forced feis Way to the Gates of Madrid , and took Poffef- fion of that Capital. In Sept . 1714 he was made Secretary at War. In 1715, being of the Secret Committee, he impeached the Duke of Ormond . In Dec . 1716 he was made Secretary of State. In 1717 he was made firft Commixlioner of the Trea- fury, and Chancellor of the Exchequer ; and July following created a Peer. In March 1718 he was a fecond Time made Secretary of State. In 1721 he died, in his 47th Year. 120. THO. THYNNE, Efq; This is efteemed a fine Piece of modern Statuary. The principal Figure is reprefented in a dying Pof- ture, and at his Feet a Cherub weeping. Under- neath on a Table of black Marble in white Letters, is this Infcription : 44 Thomas Thynne , of Longleate , in Com, Wilts , Efq; who was barbaroufiy murdered on Sunday the 12th of February 1682.” Upon the Pedeftal in Relief the Story of the Murder is de- picted ; which Murder was confpired by Count Koningfmarck , and executed by three Aflaffins hired for that Purpofe, whoihot this unhappy Gentleman in Pall-Mall , in his own Coach. The Motive was, to obtain the rich Heirefs of Northumberland in Alar- riage, who in her Infancy had been betrothed to the Earl of Ogle, but left a Widow before Confumma- tion ; and afterwards married to APr , Thynne y but being fcarce 15, and her Mother extremely tender of her, and withal defirous of her having IiTue, pre- vailed upon her Hufband to fuffer her to travel ano- ther Year before he bedded her, in which Time the Q 2 became 172 Of Westminster-Abbey became acquainted with Koningfmarck at the Court of Hanover . Whether fhe had ever given him any Countenance is uncertain, but having no Grounds to hope to obtain her while her Hulband lived, he in this villainous Manner accomplifhed his Death ; but the Lady detefted the horrid Deed, and foon after married the great Duke of Somerfet. — At the Time this happened, a Report was fpread that Mr* 'Thy ime had formerly debauched a Woman of Fami- ly and Character on honourable Pretences ; but up- on his Uncle’s leaving him 10000/. a Year, he bafely deferred her ; whence came the Saying, That he had efcaped his Misfortune , if he had either married the Woman he had lain with , or lain with a Lady he had married . This Monument was lately repaired and beautified at the Expence of Thomas Thynne, late Lord Vif count Weymouth. i2x* THQ. OWEN, Efq; On this Monument is a fine Figure of a Judge in his Robes at full Length, leaning on his left Arm, and over him an Inscription, fliewing, that he was Son to Richard Owen y by Mary Daughter and Heirefs to Thomas Otily , of Shropjhire , Efq; that from his Youth he had applied himfelf to the Study of the Laws, and was firft made Seijeant at Law to Queen Elizab£tb y and afterwards a Juftice of the Common- Pleas. He died Dec . 21, 1598. 122. JA. KENDALL, Efq; This is an oval Monument againft a Pillar, fup- ported by a Death’s Head, and on the Top a clofe Helmet : The Gentleman to whom it is infcribed, was chofen a Member of the laft Parliament of King James II. and feiwed in feveral Parliaments afterwards and its Curiosities. 173 in the Reign of King William , by whom he was made Governor of Barbadoes , and one of the Commiffi- oners for executing the Office of Lord High Admi- ral. He died 'July io, 1708, aged 60. 123. Dame GRACE GETHIN. This is a very ftately Monument, bearing the Ef- figy of a young Lady, devoutly kneeling, with a Book in her right Hand, and her left on her Breaft ; on each Side is an Angel, one holding a Crown, the other a Chaplet over her Head, and on the afcend- ing Sides of the Pediment are two female Figures in a mournful Pofture. The Whole is fupported by three different Coats of Family Arms, and on the Bafe is an Englijh Infcription, fetting forth her ho- nourable Defcent from the Norton s of Salop. This Lady, who was married to Sir Richard Gethin , of Ge- thin Grott in Ireland , was famed for exemplary Piety, and wrote a Book of Devotion, which Mr. Congreve has complimented with a Poem. She died Q£t. ii, 1697, aged 21. 124. ELIZ. and JUDITH FERKE. On the Face of this Monument there is a long In- fcription, fetting forth thedDefcent and Marriages of thefe two Ladies, whofe B lifts in Relief ornament the Sides. They were, as the Infcription fays, the Daughters of Ralph Freke of Hannington in Wilts , Efq; Elizabeth was married to Percey Freke , of Wejl Filmy in Norfolk , and died April 7, 1714, aged 69. Judith married Robert AuJlin of Tenter den in Kent , and died May 19, 1716, aged 64. They were both great Examples to their Sex; the bell: of Daughters, the bell of Wives, and the beft of Mothers. >74 Of Westminster-Abbey 1 1 25 • Sir THOMAS RICHARDSON. This is a large and noble Monument of black Marble, on which is an Effigy in Brafs of a Judge in his Robes with a Collar of S 3 , reprefenting Sir Tho- mas Richard/on^ Knt. “ Speaker of the Houfe of Com- mons in the 21ft and 22d Years of YLing James ; Chief Juftice of the Court of Common-Pleas; and laftly, by King Charles I. made Lord Chief Juftice of Eng- land, Pie died in 1634, in his 66th Year.” So far the Infer ipt ion. — This is that Judge Richardfon who firft Blued out an Order againft the ancient Cuftom of Wakes, and ordered every Minffter to read it in his Church ; which the Biftiop of Bath and Wells op- pofing, Complaint was made againft it in the Coun- cil Chamber, where Richardfon was fo feverely re- primanded, that he came out in a Rage, faying. He had been almoft choaked with a Pak of Lawn Sleeves. 126. WILL. THYNNE, E% On this ancient Monument of Marble and Ala-- bafter gilt, lies a Warrior at full Length, reprefenting William Thynne, of Botterville , Efq; a polite Gentleman, a great Traveller, and a brave Soldier. In 1546 he was by King Henry VIII. made Receiver of the Marches, and fought againft the Scots at Muf flburgh with undaunted Courage. But his latter Days were fpent in Retirement and Devotion in this Church, whither he conftantly repaired Morning and Evening. His Brother was Sir John Thynne , Se- cretary to the Duke of Somerfet , from whom de- fended that unhappy Gentleman, whofe Story we have already related* He died March 14, 1584. 127. Dr, mid its Curiosities, *75 127, Dr. RICHARD BUSBY. On this fine Monument you fee the Effigy o this learned Grammarian in his Gown, looking earneftly at the Infcription. In his right Hand he holds a Pen, and in his left a Book open. Under- neath, upon the Pedeftal, are a Variety of Books, and at Top is his Family Arms. The Infcription is very elegantly written, and highly to his Praife ; intimating, that whatfoever Fame the School of Wejiminfter boafts, and whatever Advantages Man- kind fhall reap from thence in Times to come, are all principally owing to the wife Inftitutions of this great Man. — He was born at Lutton in Lincolnjhire , Sept. 22, 1606, made Mailer of Wejlminjler College, Dec. 23, 1640, elected Prebend of Wejlminjter , July 5, 1660, and Treafurer of Wells , Augujl ti, the fame Year; and died April 5, 1695. 128, ROBERT SOUTH, D. D. This Tomb, in Defign, is not unlike the for- mer ; the Figure of Dr. South is reprefented in a cumbent Pofture, in his canonical Habit, with his Arm refting on a Cufhion, and his right Hand on a Death’s Head. In his left he holds a Book with his Finger between the Leaves, as if juft clofed from reading, and over his Head is a Groupe of Cherubs iffuing from a Mantling, beneath which is a long Latin Infcription, (hewing that he was Scholar to Bufhy , and Student at Ghrijl Churchy Ox - ford , and public Orator of that Univerfity; that bv the Patronage of Lord Clarendon he was made Prebendary both of Wejiminfter and Cbrift’s , and afterwards Redlor of IJlip , where he rebuilt the Par- fonage Houfe, and founded and endowed a School for the Education of poor Children. His Sermons have iy 6 Of Westminst er-Abbey have a peculiar Turn, and are greatly admired to this Day. He died July 8, 1716, aged 82. His true Character may perhaps be beft illuftrated by a fhort Story: 44 Some Time before his Death here- fided at Caver Jham in Oxford/hire y and having Occa- sion to come to London upon particular Affairs, he took that Opportunity to pay a Morning-Vifit to his old Friend a Clergyman, who being over-joy ’d to fee him, preffed him to ftay Dinner ; which he at length confented to do: But the Doctor’s Lady* who was a noted GEconomift, was greatly troubled at it ; and calling her Hufband into the adjoining Room, began to expoftulate the Matter fharply with him, how he could be fo provoking to afk a Gentleman to dine, when he knew fhe was utter- ly unprovided. The good Man endeavoured to pacify her, by faying, it was his Fellow Collegian, and he could do no lefs than afk him to dine, and therefore prayed her to compofe her Paflion, and haflen to provide fomething elegant, for that there was not a Man in the World he refpedted more than the Friend that was now come to fee him.--- This, inftead of mending the Matter, made it worfe \ the Lady faid, fire had already got a Leg of Mutton* and if he would be fo filly to invite his Friends upon fuch Occafions, they fhould take what fhe had to give them, for fhe would be put out of her Way for none of 'em.- — The Doctor was now pro- voked beyond all Patience, and pretexted, that if it were not for the Stranger then in the Houfe, he would beat her. Dr. South , who had heard the whole Dialogue, and was not a little diverted, in- ftantly took up the Difcourfe, and faid, with his ufual Humour, in a Voice loud enough to be heard, Dear Do£tor y as we have been Friends Jo long y I be - feech you not to make a Stranger of me. upon this Qcca~ fan. — The Lady, afhamed of the Difcovery, re-, tired, and appeared no more that Day, but ordered and its Curiosities. ijj a handfome Dinner to be feat up, and left the two Dodlors to enjoy themfelves peaceably, to their mutual Satifa after more than a thoufand Tears Exijlence , made Way for the prefent moji beautiful Fabric to fucceed. In the Profecution of this Defign we mufi ac- knowledge ourfelves chiefly indebted to the Labours of two very eminent Men , namely , Sir William Dugdale, and Sir Chriftopher Wren $ the former took Pains , as himfelf has declared s to give a per fell Reprefentation of the Old Cathedral, that the Remembrance of fo glorious a Structure might not wholly be buried in Oblivion ; and the latter has left behmd him fome Materials , not elfevjhere to be met with , of the Ornaments and other Decorations with which he intended to have embellijhed the New. If in fo fmall a Work as this many Things be omitted , with which the Reader would gladly be acquainted , we mufi refer him to Dugdale’s Hiftory of St, Paul’s, and to Wren’s Parentalia* As % iv The PREFACE. As to the other Parts of this little Book , refpeff- mg the Monument, London-Stone, and other Antique Remains therein treated of \ Nothing in particular need to he premifed. What is faid of the Monument, indeed , is founded upon inconte - Jlable Fads ; but as to London-Stone, the Walls and Gates of London, and other Maiters grounded upon Conjecture , tho 9 the Reader will here find as much Satisfaction as in all the o~ ther Books that mention them ; yet I queftion if what is advanced will command his Belief ’ Something ivill occur to his own Reafon that will flagger his Faith i and to the free Exercife of that Reafon 1 commend him • ( i ; CT 'OC*' "iocs’ ? DC r "OCT TDCT TDCT r^cr ^cr r> Ci jOCl sD'Cl jDOl *DOl jJQjl j3£l sDOl iD A N HISTORICAL DESCRIPTION O F St. Paul’s Cathedral, AND ITS ORNAMENTS. O/' the old Cathedral gf St. Paul. I N our Hiftory of Wejhninfter- Abbey , we have already obferved, that till the Beginning of the 6th Century the Pagan Worfhip generally prevailed in Britain ; and it is beyond all Doubt that the Inhabitants of London continued to pay divine Honours to Diana , in a Temple dedicat- ed to the Service of that Goddefs, till the Rei to the Lord Mayor's Serjeants, and 6s. 8 d. to the Mailer of the College of St. Law - rencc Poultney , provided they were prefent at the Celebration of his Anniverfary ; but if any were abfent, their Share to be diftributed to the Poor. Many more of thefe Anniverfaries were kept, but thofe mentioned may fuffice. The Chauntries were ftill more numerous, and were founded by Men of Condition, who left cer- tain Legacies for the Maintenance of one or two Priefts to celebrate divine Service daily, for the Health of their Souls, the Souls of their deareft Friends and Relations, and of all the faithful De- ceased ; but thefe were increafed to fuch a Degree in a fiiort Time, and the Service fo painful, and withal the Endowments fo flender, that Bifhcp Brayhroke , fo early as the Reign of Richard II. caufcd 44 of them to be united into one Solemn Service. Michael de Newburgh , Bifhop of London , in 1361 by his Teftament directed, that a Chap- lain ihould be appointed by his Succeffors to cele- brate divine Service for the Health of his Soul be- fore the high Altar, and left the Rent of certain Houfes for his fupport ; he alfo defired by his Will that his Body might be buried at the Entrance in- to this Cathedra], without the great Weft Door, that twenty poor Men, cloathed in Gowns of Black, id Of St . Paul’s Cathedral, Black, White, or Grey Cloth, every one holding a Waxen Torch of, at ieaft, fix Pounds Weight, fhould attend his Hearfe ; and that 20/. fhould be laid out on a Stone to cover his Grave, where- on fhould be an Infcription putting paffeiigers in Mind to pray. Humble as this Funeral may feem when compared with the Pomp of fuch Ceremo- nies of that Age, yet there appears at firfl View a fmgular Kind of Vanity in it, not eafily to be re- conciled with the Simplicity of the Gofpel ; for he efpecially defired Lord Mayors, 4 8 Of the Monument. and the Bridge gate , both of which are of great Antiquity. The Pojiern gate was ere£led foon after the Conquefl; but Richard I. refolving to enlarge the Tower of London with an additional Fortification, that Part of the City Wall extending from thence to this Gate, in Length about ioo Yards, was pulled down, and with it the Gate itfelf, which was never afterwards rebuilt. This happened about the Year 1440. Aldgate y which is fituated 1462 Feet to the Northward of this Pojiern , is univerfaliy allowed to be one of the four original Gates of the Roman City ; but, being very ruinous, in 1606 it was pul- led down and rebuilt. In digging under the Ruins feme Roman Coins were difeovered, two of which Mr. Bond , the Surveyor, caufed to be. copy’d on Stone and placed on the Eaft Front of the new Gate, on each Side the PafTage. In 1734 a Wa- ter conduit at the South Eaft Angle of it was pul- led down, and two Houfes built in its Room; and at the fame Time a Poftern was made in the South End of the Gate for the Convenience of Foot Paf- fengers. — The Apartments over this Gate are for the Ufepf fome of the Lord Mayor’s Officers. BJhoffgate . Of Lomdon-Wall and its Gates. 51 Rijhopfgate, fituate 1440 Feet to the North- weft of the former, is by fame fuppofed to have been built by Erkenwatd , Biftiop of London , in the 7 th Century, and by others by William the Ncr - man 5 another Biihop oi London, 400 Years later ; hence it took its Name of Bijhopfgate. In 155 being much decay’d, the Anfeatic Company began to prepare Materials for rebuilding it ; but that Com- pany being foon after diffolved, the Care of it re- verted to the City, who propt it up till the Year 1731, when it was forced to be taken down and re- eredted. Moorgate lies 1664 Feet to the Weftward of Bijhopfgate, and was eredled in 1-415, after Fran - cerius , the then Lord Mayor, had drained all that Tradf of Ground to the North of the City now called Moorfelds . This is one of the moil mag- nificent Gates of the City, with two Pofterns for the Convenience of Foot-pafFengers, and fine A- partrnents for the Ufe of my Lord Mayor’s Of- ficers. Cripplegaie is 1 032 Feet from Moorgate , 2nd is fuppofed by Maitland to be one of the four ori- ginal Roman Gates, in Preference to A!derfgaie 7 which Stow and almoft all the other City Antiqua- rians have adopted. The Name of Cripplegaie feems of modern Date, and given it from the N um- ber of Cripples that referred thither to beg. 1 find nothing certain concerning its ffrft Erection ; and therefore (hall juft take Notice, that it was repair- ed at the City’s Charge in 1663, when anew Poftern was added to it. The Apartments over it belong to the Water-bailiff'. Alderfgate is - 1265. Feet to the South Weft of Cripplegaie , and by Reafon of its* Name is by Stow fuppofed to be of greater Antiquity ; and Indeed I cannot help fubfcribing to his OpinL F % on. 52 Of Lqndon-Wall and ^Gates. on ; for Alder or Older-Gate is certainly of Saxon Etymology , and was no doubt given it as a Maik of Seniority. The prefent Gate was built in 1617, and after the Fire of London repaired and beauti- fied in 1670. The Apartments belong to the Com- mon Cryer. Newgate is 1037 South Weft of Alderfgate and is by Maitland , thought to be the fourth Ori- ginal Gate, in .Oppofition to moft other Antiqua- rians, w ho take Ludgate to have been the original Gate. The Reafon on which he grounds his Opinion, is, becaufe in digging a Foundation for th e prefent ■ Holberne-bridge^ the Traces of a Ro- ma n M i 1 i ta r y W ay , which h e c a 1 1 s t he IVattli ng- jlreet , were difcovered, pointing diredtly to N iw- gate , but the Name of Newgate 1 take to be a fuller Proof of its Juniority than any that can be founded on fuch uncertain Conjedlures. For fup- pofing, what he feems to lay great Strefs upon, that this Gate was only repaired and not originally built in the Time of Henry HI. and that, inftead of Newgate , it was antiently called Chamber layn- gale, yet 1 can hardly believe, that our Anceftors, upon that Reparation, would have dfthonoured one of the oldeft Gates of the City with a New Name ; we have no Authority for any fuch Suppo- fition: befides, were it any Part of the Bufinefs of this Book to enter into the Difpute, I think Proofs enough might be drawn from Maitland's own Hiftory, to eftablifti the Point in favour of Lud- gate. The Date of the prefent Gate, however, is of no greater Antiquity than the Fire of London^ when it was rebuilt with greater Strength and Mag- nificence than any other Gate in London ^ being ap- propriated to the Purpofes of Impriionment, as well of Traitors, as of Felons and Debtors. Ludgate Of Lon don-Wall and its Gates. 53 Ludgate is but 797 Feet from Newgate, and takes its Name (as by a Statue ofKing£^and his two Sons, erected upon it, ihould feem) from a Britijh Prince of that Name, its Founder. Leland has refuted this fabulous Origin, and with more Reafonderives its Name from the Saxon Word Find , Vloet, Floete , ox Fleet, which implies a fmall-Wa- ter-courfe, as the River Fleet undoubtedly was at that Time, and but a little Diftance from it; and here I cannot help obferving fome thing cha- raiteriftic in the Name of the four original Gates even at this Day, Lud or Find- gate. Dour -gate , Aid-gate , and Alder-gate , are all unqueftienably of Saxon Derivation ; whereas the other Gates, Newgate , Cripple gate. Moor gate , and Bijhopfgate , are vifibly more modern. I own from this Gbfer- vation, which I am inclined to think not altogether vifionary, a Doubt arifes with me whether the Antiquity of any of the Gates or of the Walls themfelves, as we have now traced them, rifes higher than the Saxon Times. That Part of the Walls which runs from Bijhopfgate to Cripplegaie , is confeffedly a new Work, comparatively fpeak- ing, becaufe the great Moor itfelf on' which it Hands was drained but in 1414, as has been fuffici- ently proved. And Woodward in his prefent State of London , hasfh'ewn, that the Foundation only of that Part of the City Wall from Bijhopfgate onwards to the South EaH, lately beat down to make way for new Buildings, was Roman ; 6 4 being alter- nately compiled, as he obftrved , of Layers of 46 broad flat Bricks, exactly of the Roman Sian - cc dard , and of Rag-ftone, cemented with aMor- 66 tar fo very firm and hard that the Stone itfelf as eafily gave way as that.” Whereas the 8u- perftru£ture, tho’ carried up of the fame Thick- nefs, was neither of fuch elegant Workman&ip, nor 54 Of London'-Wall audits Gates; nor fuch good Mortar ; nor was there one of the broad thin Reman Bricks to be found in any Part of the upper Wall. The Foundation here fpoken of was about nine Feet under Ground ; hence it appears that the Roman Works, by whatever Means it has hap- pened, is funk lo far below the prefent Surface of the City, as no where to be difeovered but by dig- ging, and this being only partial, indifferent Places, and at different Times, no certain Conclufions can be drawn from the Parts thus accidentally brought to Light, except more Care and Pains, as well as Charge, were bellowed in examining their Courfe, and determining their Extent. In- deed, if forne publick fpirited Magiftrate fhould a- rife, who being himfeif excited by a laudable De- fire of promoting Difcoveries of this Kind, would give Encouragement to a certain Number of inge- nious Workmen to employ their Times in fuch Purfuits, I make no Queftion but by a careful Comparifon of the Difcoveries that have already been made, with thofe that might foon be made* the Limits of the Roman City would ftill be made appear, and the Point decided how much our Saxon Anceftors owed to their PredecefTors the Romans ; and what the Norman Invaders owed to both ; or, in other Words, where each left oft, and the other began ; a Matter, it muft be owned, rather of Curiofity than Ufe. From Ludgate there is little of the Old Wail remaining; but the Meafurements of the an-tient Line are thus preferved : From Ludgate to Fleet- ditch weftward is 450 Feet; from thence to the River Thames 780 Feet; and from Fleet-ditch, eaftward to the White -Tower, to which the City- wall was antiently joined, 5950 Feet ; fo that the whole Circumference of the City within the Walls Of London-Wall and its Gates. 55 Is juft three Miles 165 Feet. That the City was formerly walled on the South Side along the River Thames , appears from Fitz- Stevens, a Writer in the Time of Henry IL who fays, that the W all on the North was in the Form of a Bow, and on the South like the Srting of it; and further that the Ebbing and Flowing of the Thames had then whol- ly wafhed it down on that Side. The firft building of the City- Wall is fixed by Maitland to the iEra of Theodofrus in 368 ; by others to that of Hellena , Mother of Conjlantine , about 60 Years earlier ; but by Stow to the Year 434 ; about which Time the City took the Name of Augufla . In 839 the Old Wall was de mol idl- ed ; in 886 reftored ; in 994 and 1016 it was much injured by the Danes ; but in 1215 repair- ed by the Barons, who, as Authors fay, plunder- ed and demoliflied the Houfes of the Jews , and with the Stones repaired the City-walls; and in- deed a late Difcovery of a Stone with an old He- brew Infcnption upon it found in the old Wall on the Backfide of Bethlem feems to confirm this EaCt. Among the Gates belonging to the City, the Bridge gate has been accounted one ; but as it ne- ver could belong to the Walls, I fee no Reafon for extending its Antiquity, as fome have done, beyond the J£r& of the Bridge. It is as idle to fuppofe the Bridge built for the Convenience of the Gate, and not the Gate for the Defence of the Bridge ; as to fuppofe JVeflminJier built for the Sake of the Abbey, and not the Abbey for the Ufe of Wejlminjler . Such Conjectures as thefe deferve no fenous Refutation. London Bridge was ereCied about theBeginningof the 13 b Century, and to that time we mull refer the firft EreCtion of Bridge-Gate ; but in 1726, the old Stru&ure being much damag- ed 56 Of Lon don-Wall and its Gates. ed by Fire, it was foon after repaired, and in 1728, finifhed as it now appears.— This fhort Account of the Antiquities of London may hereafter be refund- ed, if the imperfect Specimen here offered has the good Fortune to be favourably received. FINIS. IHtul-i' §£UTf.r ' U8RARY